This lecture discusses the French adventures in Spain and Portugal, including the naval defeat of the French at Trafalgar. The French invasion and subsequent retreat from Spain and Portugal will have as much to do with Napoleon’s ultimate defeat as did the disastrous campaign in Russia. The so-called “Spanish Ulcer” will significantly weaken Napeoleon’s ability to make war. It is during the Spanish campaign that a new form of warfare emerges: guerrilla war. It is during this lecture that I will introduce one Arthur Wellesley . . . the Duke of Wellington.
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