Criticisms of Xenakis, then back to Messiaen: 1953-1964. Discussion of false octaves. Dallapiccola mid-late 1950s. Nono late 1950s-early 60s works, including Il Canto Sospeso and Intolleranza. Berio same time. Stockhausen, Pousseur, Kagel, Maderna. Boulez's Pli selon pli. Analysis of Dallapiccola. Twenty-second lecture of the course "The Contemporary Era" by Antioch College Professor John Ronsheim. This course traces the history of 20th Century music until about 1970.