Published in Simon Schwartzman (coord.), Science and Technology in Brazil - A New Policy for a Global World, volume 1 Rio de Janeiro, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 1995, p. 227.

How have Brazilian research performance, specialization and ties with local, regional and distant colleagues been shaped by the institutionalization of science? Changes in Brazilian research are here ascertained and compared to research in the rest of Latin America and Israel which have similar and different, respectively, institutional arrangements for science. Science is now institutionalized in Brazil insofar as it is appreciated and granted autonomy and support. Scientific activities such as research and training of researchers, however, have been concentrated in a fraction of the universities in Brazil, like elsewhere in Latin America but unlike in Israel where scientific research and training has been the primary purpose at all the institutions of higher education.

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