Bibliography: p. 738-775

The state of music at the end of the ancient world -- Gregorian chant and secular song in the Middle Ages -- The beginnings of polyphony and the music of the thirteenth century -- French and Italian music of the fourteenth century -- Medieval to Renaissance: English music and the Burgundian School in the fifteenth century -- The age of the Renaissance: Ockeghem to Josquin -- New currents in the sixteenth century -- Church music and instrumental music in the late Renaissance -- Early baroque music -- The mature baroque: vocal music -- The mature baroque: instrumental music -- The early eighteenth century -- Sources of classical style: the sonata, symphony, and opera in the eighteenth century -- The late eighteenth century -- Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) -- The nineteenth century: romanticism; vocal music -- The nineteenth century: instrumental music -- The nineteenth century: opera and music-drama -- The end of an era -- The twentieth century

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