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1001 Tests of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories
HARRIS & EWIN6
Dr. Wiley at Work
Tried in the balance and found ?
=J«
1001 Tests
of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories, Good and Othen?^ ise
Why They Are So
By Harvey W., Wiley, M.D.
Dirtctor, Bureau of Foodt, Sanitation and HecUtht Good Housekeeping Magazine
Arranged by
Anne Lewis Pierce, M.S,
Mkfrmerly Editor, Bureau of Chemistry, U, 3. Dept, of Agriculturs
i L
Hearst's International Library Co.
New York : : 191 1
mm
siiy ''
1001 Tests
of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories, Good and Otherwise
Why They Are So
By Harvey W. Wiley, M.D.
Director, Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Good Housekeeping Magazine
Arranjred by
Anne Lewis Pierce, M.S.
Formerly Editor, Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
Hearst's International Library Co. New York : : 1914
Copyrifirht. 1912, 1913, by Good Housekeeping: Masrazine
Copyrifirht, 1914, by Heant'a International Library Ca, Inc.
All rights reserved, including the trans- lation into foreign languages, including ih€ Scandinavian*
■•^^e?^
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The chemical and microscopical work lying back of this report was done under Doctor Wiley's direction, in the Institute of Industrial Eesearch, 19th and B Streets, North West, Washington, D. C, of which Dr. A. S. Cushman is Director. The detail of the work was super- vised by Mr. H. C. Fuller, whose assistance in reviewing the data i» also acknowledged.
399034
, , Contents
PAOB
The Pure Food Battle — Looking Backward and
Forward, By H. W. Wiley ix
Key to Method of Rating Products .... xxviii Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages and Cos- metics, with Comments —
I Baking Powders, Yeasts, Etc 1
II Beverages . , 5
Chocolates and Cocoas ...... 5
Coffee and Tea 10
Soft Drinks, Tonics and Medicated Bev- erages 19
III Biscuits, Cakes, Etc 27
IV Candies 33
V Canned Goods : ( See also Fish and Meats) 41
Fruits (See also Dried Fruits) ... 45
Milk Products, Infant's Foods, Etc. . . 48
X Soups, Extracts, Bouillon Cubes, Etc. . 61
Vegetables 66
VI Cereals and Cereal Products .... 72
Breakfast Foods 72
Flours, Meals and Brans 79
Rice 88
Spaghetti and Macaroni 91
VII Condiments 95
VIII Desserts 107
IX Extracts 113
X Fish (Canned, Dried, Etc.) .... 122
CONTENTS
PAGE
XI Fruits (Dried) .126
XII Household Eemedies and Disinfectants > 130
XIII Lard, Butters, and their Substitutes . . 145
XIV Meats (Canned, Dried, Etc.) . y-. r. . 149 XV Olive OUs, Etc. . . . . ;. . > . 153
XVI Preserves, Pickles, Etc . 157
XVII Sugars and Saccharine Products . . . 163 XVIII Toilet Articles
Cold Creams 173
Hair Tonics, Shampoos, Etc. . » . . 186
Miscellaneous Preparations .... 193
Perfumes 198
Powders 202
Soaps 209
Tooth Powders, Pastes, Etc 216
Index 225
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD
FOR a third of a century the fight for pure food has been waged and the end is not yet. No great question is ever settled until it is settled right. The game is not over until one or the other of the contestants is checkmated. Draws do not count. During this third of a century it has been my fortune to be in the thick of the fight, at first as a private, then through the various grades of leadership to colonel or even general of the brigade, and now agaia in the ranks. This battle has not, however, been a fight of a personal character as some late historians assert. It was and is a struggle for human rights as much as the Revolution or the Civil War. A battle for the privilege of going free of robbery and with a guaranty of health. It has been and is a fight for the individual right against the vested interest, of the man against the dollar. My first partici- pation in the fray was a study of adulteration of table syrups for the Indiana Board of Health in 1880 and my last (but I hope not final) is this
ix
\
X THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
book on tested foods, beverages, and cosmetics. During those thirty-four years I do not believe that any one caring to know has ever had to ask which side I am on. From the very first look into the awful conditions which so generally pre- vailed, up to the present time, with a survey of the intolerable evils that still exist, though happily to a less extent, I have stood always for food that is food.
The evils of adulteration are not many in kind but they ramify into hundreds of channels. At first there was no ethical standard of excellence among manufacturers of food. If one man put out a high grade product another could call a low grade or adulterated article by the same name. A representative of a great food distributing con- cern who appeared before the Committee on In- terstate and Foreign Commerce to protest against the passage of the pending food bill, declared that the food industry of the country rested on fraud and deception. * ^ Make us leave preservatives and coloring matters out of our food," he declared, **and call our products by the right name and you will bankrupt every food industry in the country.'* And he was sincere about it too. Dr. Victor C. Vaughan of the University of Michigan, now Presi- dent of the American Medical Association, came
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xi
to Washington and testified to the harmless- ness of benzoate of soda in food and he was by no means the only, although the most renowned, professor who, in the interest of like ingredients, journeyed to Washington for the same purpose. Makers of so-called patent medicines sent a pow- erful lobby to Washington to see to it that the food and drug bill should never become a law. It was commonly asserted that patent medicine in- terests influenced the public press to such an ex- tent that the bill would never pass as long as it contained the sections relating to drug products. The powerful rectifiers of liquors in this country were a unit in opposing every step in the passage of a law that would interfere with making alleged old, mellow, intoxicating bever- ages bearing the name of the genuine product, out of alcohol and artificial flavors and colors. Grocers and druggists sent delegations to protest against the enactment of any measure that would prevent the sale of adulterated and debased ar- ticles or require full weight and measure. Every man who used alum, coal tar dyes, salicylic acid, burning sulphur fumes, benzoic acid, copper sul- phate, saltpeter, saccharin, borax, or other non- food ingredients in his products joined the solid phalanx that struggled to prevent the passage of
xii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
a law which would interfere with these despic- able means of making money. Manufacturers and dealers who would gladly have continued to make pure and properly branded goods were forced by unfair competition to practice the arts of adulteration and misbranding.
As the public was led into the knowledge of these abuses and the pressure began to be felt looking to their correction, the enemies of pure food began to cry * * muckraking, ' ' ^ ^ exaggeration, ' * ** publicity bureaus,*^ ** yellow journalism,'* etc., seeking to raise a cloud of dust which would hide the real issue. A campaign of personal denun- ciation and disparagement was inaugurated of a magnitude that can only be appreciated by those whose activities and principles were directed to- ward the cleaning of the Augean stables of trade. By the accident of my official position, I had the good fortune to be the target of a veritable fusil- lade of poisoned arrows from every trade journal, newspaper and magazine which the adulterating interests could control. There was hardly a week that some interested organization or mercenary interest did not demand my removal from the pub- lic service. Detectives were placed on my track and every possible means employed to prejudice my scientific standing and official integrity.
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xiii
Fortunately the more bitter and venomous the attacks the more rapidly the cause grew and waxed strong. The Federated Women's Clubs, the Patrons of Husbandry, the labor organizations and the medical profession all joined enthusias- tically the army fighting for pure food. Finally the first part of the long battle came to a close. The pure food army gained a complete victory. On the 30th day of June, 1906, the President of the United States signed the Act which forbade in- terstate and foreign commerce in adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. Although the first battle was won the war was not over. The de- feated squadrons of the unethical and mercenary interests were driven from the field but they were not destroyed. What was their next move? To pervert the purposes of the Act and to control its execution. Under the provisions of the law the Bureau of Chemistry of which I was Chief, was charged with the analysis of all samples for the purpose of determining whether they were adul- terated or misbranded. The Bureau of Chemistry was pledged to one very simple but most impor- tant principle, namely: *^When in doubt protect the consumer.'' The interests pledged to adul- teration and misbranding were not slow to learn that they had nothing to hope from a Government
xlv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
Bureau animated by such an unheard of rule. They immediately set about devising ways and means to put the Bureau of Chemistry out of busi- ness. They secured the appointment of another body, the Board of Food and Drug Inspection, charged, in direct contempt of the law, to decide the question of what was or was not an adul- teration or misbranding. The decisions of this il- legal board were by executive order made binding on the Bureau of Chemistry.
The appointment of this Board was hailed with shouts of approval by every interest and every individual who had opposed the enactment of the law. They were not mistaken. In the most di- rect and contemptuous manner this Board pro- ceeded to do the kind of work which it was ap- pointed to accomplish. But there were certain difficulties in the way. The Bureau of Chemistry anticipating the probability of the passage of a food law had carried on extensive experiments on young men for a period of several years and had demonstrated that certain bodies used to preserve and color foods were injurious to health. These experiments had shown that boric acid and borax, salicylic acid and salicylates, sulphurous acid and sulphites, benzoic acid and benzoates and sulphate of copper were bodies seriously affecting health
p THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xv
and therefore forbidden under the law to be placed in food. These conclusions so inimical to the in- terests of those who added them to foods and so beneficial to the eaters of foods must be set aside. How was this to be done ? There was no legal way to accomplish it. The courts could not be de- pended upon, in fact they were so unmindful of the vested interests that they were in most cases actually supporting the findings of the Bureau of Chemistry. Therefore, resort was again had to executive action. Without due regard to the pro- visions of the law questions relating to the ef- fect of certain of these preservatives on health were referred to a Commission of Scientific Ex- perts, established by executive order. Pending the action of this Commission the adulterators were permitted to poison the people of the country ad libitum and the Bureau of Chemistry was di- rected to bring no action against those who used these poisonous products.
What followed? A hallelujah chorus from all the cohorts of adulteration. It was a complete triumph for the hosts of Satan in so far as offi- cialdom was concerned. But not so with an out- raged Public Opinion. The press and the people and also many food manufacturers rallied in over- whelming numbers to the support of the Bureau
xvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
of Chemistry, hindered and halted. Barely if ever has there been seen in any country such an overwhelming condemnation of official acts. Practically, however, the Janus doors of adul- teration were wide open to such manufacturers as chose to use them. To the credit of the American business man it can be said that comparatively few availed themselves of this official indulgence to poison and defraud.
How deadly these concessions to adulteration have proved to the states that have attempted a better execution of the law than that instituted by the National Government, is vividly shown by an article in the Monthly Bulletin of the Indiana State Board of Health for December, 1913. The title of the article is ^'Benzoate of Soda and Sul- phites,'' and the quotation is as follows:
** After hearing little from these old friends for more than a year, we are forced to admit that the lessons of the past have not been sufficiently thorough to protect our markets, for recent samples of cider have shown the presence of benzoate of soda, and several samples of grape juice have been found to be bleached and pre- served with sulphurous acid. Occasional samples of so- called Maraschino cherries, tomato catsup and sweet pickles collected from towns supplied from Cincinnati and Chicago have also shown these preservatives.
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xvii
'*Two things are evident. We can never relax our vigilance in the protection of the food supply in the be- lief that we have reached a pure food millenium, and further, it is unwise to rely too firmly in the belief that manufacturers shipping goods into the State are careful to advise themselves as to our laws before they take their orders or make shipments.''
In about a year the Remsen Board brought in its first verdict over-ruling the Bureau of Chem- istry on the benzoate matter, and by official pro- mulgation the food manufacturers of this country were promised complete immunity in the use of benzoic acid and benzoate in any food and in any quantity they might choose. There is a wide- spread impression that the quantity permitted is limited to one-tenth of one per cent. This is not so. A food manufacturer may put a shovelful of benzoate into any quantity of food he pleases and he is promised perfect immunity in so doing. No more outrageous and intolerable disregard of pub- lic rights and morals was ever perpetrated by the most vicious despotism described in the world's history. After a few years more the Eemsen Board rendered another decision supporting the action of the Bureau of Chemistry in declaring saccharin an unfit ingredient of human food, but meanwhile during all these years the public was
xviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
exposed to its free and unlimited use. Again a short time ago the Remsen Board rendered a ver- dict supporting the contention originally made by the Bureau of Chemistry, that sulphate of copper is a poisonous body, and as such should not be added to food. Thus again the people of this country were exposed to the dangers of eating copper salts for five years, simply because adul- terators demanded a review, hoping for a reversal of the decision of the Bureau.
The other questions referred to the Eemsen Board, namely, the eifect of sulphurous acids and sulphites and of alum on health, up to March of 1914, remain unanswered by the Remsen Board, or if answered the verdict is sealed in impene- trable gloom in the Department of Agriculture. Now for nearly seven years our people have been exposed to serious injury by the presence of these poisons in foods, under the high, though illegal, interpretation of a law enacted to protect the American people but turned by executive procla- mation to the protection of adulterators !
This country has for so many years existed in an atmosphere of the sacred rights of the dollar that these concessions to Mammon have been looked upon as the chief function of law and its interpretation. This sentiment has been still more
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xix
definitely crystallized by the decisions of the Su- preme Court, which on the two occasions in which the purpose of the law to protect the consumer has been under advisement has ruled adversely to his interests. The first of these decisions was in the famous Johnson Cancer Case, in which the Court ruled that the law against false statements did not apply to the cure-all claims of the fake remedy; and the second case, viz., that of the United States vs. Bleached Flour, that poisons may be added to food unless the proof of possible injury to health is convincing.
During these long and unsavory years I tried to the best of my ability to discharge faithfully the difiicult duties committed to me, in harmony with the obligations of my solemn oath of office and in the interest of the American people. In spite of official disfavor which made my environment par- ticularly hard and in spite of the bitter denuncia- tion of a few journals (a mere fraction of the en- tire press of the country) inspired by a question- able zeal, I held on, hoping that some change might come and that the spirit of service to the people might again enter into the heart of our high rulers. And what then? Colleagues preferred serious charges against me without the shadow of a foun- dation, my superior officers lent a ready ear, I
XX THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
was tried in a Star Chamber without my kaowl- edge and on ex parte evidence, convicted and sen- tenced to be dismissed from the position that I had held for nearly thirty years. This outrageous proceeding attracted the attention of Congress. A searching investigation of the charges against me was made and I was unanimously exonerated. Nevertheless, the men who had falsely and mali- ciously accused me and manufactured the evidence on which I was convicted were continued in office and in favor. As a protest against this condition of affairs I resigned as Chief of the Bureau of Chemistry on March 15, 1912.
Within two weeks of that time on April 1, 1912, I began my work for Good HouseJceeping with a guarantee of academic freedom of expression and an advisory supervision of the advertisements of foods, remedies and cosmetics admitted to its col- umns. No one who has not experienced what I went through can conceive of the feeling of relief which I then enjoyed. Coming out of a field in which all the foremen had been my enemies I entered a garden of activity in which all the head men were my friends. In this favorable environ- ment I have had unrestricted opportunity to carry on my battle for pure food, finding no enemy to stab me in the back. In connection with this work
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxi
I have had the good fortune with the laboratory facilities given me by Good Housekeeping to ex- amine chemically more than a thousand samples of common foods, beverages, cosmetics and con- fections. I have also been permitted to criticise the labels and advertisements by means of which these products are offered to the consumer. In the great battle for the right a determined and methodical assault has been made upon false and misleading representation to the public. The fake remedy, the inert appliance, the exaggerated vir- tue, all are intended to mislead and deceive. Per- fect candor and truth should characterize all claims made for all merchandise. The public gaze is already turned on these faults. The press is already taking notice. The Associated Advertis- ing Clubs of the country have undertaken a sys- tematic campaign against these extravagant and often harmful misrepresentations. Pure Adver- tising is fit handmaiden for Pure Food.
These are the objects I have had in view in the work done under the auspices of Good Housekeep- ing. The way in which these principles have been used as measuring rods to guide me in the de- cisions reached call for a word of explanation that the scope and results of the work may not be mis- interpreted and the maximum amount of practical
xxii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
good may be done. While these investigations were undertaken primarily to protect the adver- tising columns of Good Housekeeping, their deeper purpose was to render a constructive service to the cause of pure food and its honest labeling, merchandising, and advertising. This service could only be made broadly effective by placing on record the results of our findings on the thou- sand or more samples of foods, drug products and cosmetics that have passed through the laboratory during the past two years together with the rea- sons of those decisions. This is for the mutual advantage of the progressive manufacturer and the woman buyer who in many cases is groping blindly in a maze of doubts and fears as to what is and what is not an adulterated or misbranded package.
No one can realize more clearly the limitations and imperfections of such a piece of work than those who have struggled with the detail of it. It is urged that such partial lists, of necessity open to differences of opinion as to their grading, work injustices, are incomplete and therefore should not be printed. This does not seem to be an adequate reason for lacking the courage to take the next step and submit the work on its merits as far as it has been carried. No change, no reform, no
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxiii
big piece of work has ever been carried through without minor and incidental hardships, and while the impossibility of perfection in such an under- taking is manifest, the doing of it seems none the less serviceable and worth while, from the broadest point of view.
Among the difficulties that beset the task are these: As the chemist and microscopist can not take the place of the factory inspector, some de- fects are not disclosed by analysis though pro- nounced bad conditions might be reflected in the product. The products of the same company vary from time to time, or from season to season — the output is not uniform, any more than is the out- put of the home kitchen, and therefore determina- tions on one or two samples may be misleading. This is especially true of goods handled by jobbers, bought here and there, and labeled with a common brand or distributor's name. Again an excellent product may be extravagantly labeled and mis- leadingly praised, while a mediocre one may be ir- reproachable in this regard, and the rating must be balanced to give the sanest and most practical help to the buyer. These and many other inter- acting causes make ^^whitelisting" a thankless undertaking. This book is not a white list nor a black list. There are doubtless many products
xxiv THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
not mentioned wMeh are as good as those we have examined ; and no effort was made to find products to condemn. On the other hand, we sought in the open market those foods having a general sale and presumably of the best quality, that the advice might be positive rather than negative in its char- acter.
It is something to be able to say definitely that the representative samples of the products listed, on which we shared the consumer's luck, are free from injurious or debasing ingredients, are at least of standard quality, and in many cases are superior to the requirements maintained by fed- eral and state regulations, that the package offers honest weight or measure, and that the labeling is not misleading in any essential particular. And that is what we do say of the ** starred" prod- ucts reported. Occasionally a meaningless flight of fancy on the label or in the circular matter of a very fine quality product has been but lightly scored — the most practical service seeming to de- mand this. Some may think that too much stress has been laid upon exaggerated claims. But the importance of insisting on truthful descriptions of foods, drugs, and cosmetics, their uses and value, as well as their composition, can not be overestimated, whether the statements appear on
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxv
the label, in circulars, or in the advertisement. Otherwise the consumer is hopelessly at the mercy of the imagination of the label or advertisement writer, all relative sense of value is lost, and in- telligent buying is impossible. To permit it in any marked degree, because the product is other- wise a good one, halts the whole reform movement, as it makes competition unfair, the honest man's sanely described product being overshadowed by the vocabulary of his business rival. Far reach- ing and radical changes have been made in the descriptive material of many well known products, since the folly of claiming that everything is the ^^best" the *'most nutritious,'' the ^'only thing" of the kind worth buying, becomes rather striking when all of these superlatives are gathered to- gether within a few pages of each other in our magazines and newspapers. A shrieking chorus of contradictory superlatives gets no one any- where, either buyer or seller.
It will be noted that products ranging from 85 to 100 per cent, are starred. Manifestly there must exist among these minor differences of quality, the use of more or less expensive packages and wrapping, etc. A product rated at 85 is not so near perfection as one rated at 95. An olive oil, for example, may be pure, meet all the required
xxvi THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
tests and standards, but be less characteristic in odor and flavor, less distinctive in character than another. The preference may be largely a matter of taste and it did not seem practicable to en- deavor to distinguish any more closely between grades of excellence than this. The problem is further complicated by the question of relative cost. One product may be wholesome, nutritious or pleasing, and a good bargain at 50 cents, though not so delicious, nor of quite such high grade as something of the same kind sold at a dollar. Plainly this is a question in itself and one that could be given only secondary consideration in grading a large number of miscellaneous products. The housewife must adapt the findings to her own taste and pocketbook to some extent.
The same questions arise repeatedly in corre- spondence, concerning certain classes of foods, the special adulterations to be avoided, the points to be noted in reading the labels, the standards that a first class product should attain, and so on. The introduction to each classified list of products is intended to cover as briefly and simply as possible some of these salient points, to aid the judgment of the housekeeper in general buying and to as- sist in an intelligent interpretation of the ratings.
One of the many bright lights in the rather thick
THE PURE FOOD BATTLE xxvil
cloud of difficulties that hung about this pioneer effort was the readiness of most of the leading manufacturers and advertising men to modify claims, labels, and advertisements when inconsist- encies and inaccuracies were brought to their at- tention. The time is undoubtedly coming when it will be a confession of inferiority to overrate or distort the merits and special uses of any com- modity— just as any boaster is self-branded a light-weight rather than a man of parts. To hasten the coming of this day, to uphold the hands of the manufacturers, who in a transition period, at some sacrifice and under unfair conditions of competition, are willing to make this advance and speak the plain truth about an honest product, depending on merit rather than on language to sell their goods; and to serve the housekeepers, who are the buyers of the nation's food and on whose judgment and wise selection the health of thou- sands of workers and children largely depend — we offer this report of progress, believing that in spite of its necessary limitations, it will be useful to buyer and seller alike. The object is neither to praise nor to condemn, but to serve. To fur- nish a stepping stone in the quagmire of doubts that the food agitation has created, to lay a foun- dation for further work, to provide the housewife
xxviii THE PURE FOOD BATTLE
with both specific and general information on mooted points, and above all to give a further im- petus to the movement toward higher standards in the manufacture, merchandising, and advertis- ing of foods, so essential to the well being of all — is the purpose of this book.
H. W. WiLBY.
Washington, D. C, March, 1914. KEY TO METHOD OP RATING PRODUCTS
Starred prod/ucts {^) are those rated at 85 to 100, represent- ing high quality and full weight and measure with accurate labeling and reasonably conservative claims.
(N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84, given to products subject to such criticism, in my judgment, as incor- rect labeling, slightly short weight, relatively inferior quality, etc.
Disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less, are only in a few instances actually harmful (though some do contain chemical preservatives, alum, artificial colors, etc., deemed injurious to health), but are so classed because they are, in my opinion, of low quality, or are misbranded, or carry grossly exaggerated claims as to efficiency or nutritive value.
A two-year period (April 1912-1914) is covered by the ex- amination of these samples. The character of some of the products may have changed since they were studied, labels and circulars may have been revised, and wherever such changes have been brought to our attention we have met the improve- ment with a reconsideration and re-rating of the product on its merits. Ratings will be advanced as fiirther improvements are noted.
1001 Tests of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories
Note: Changes and corrections in ratings and descriptive matter will be published, as opportunity may offer, in Good Housekeeping Magazine, All communications concerning such changes should be addressed to me as Director of the Good Housekeeping Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Wood- ward Building, Washington, D. C.
H. W. Wiley.
1001 TESTS
Classified Lists of Tested Foods, Beverages and Cosmetics with Comments.
BAKING POWDEES, YEASTS, ETC.
THERE are three kinds of baking powders, tlie cream of tartar type; the phosphate pow- ders; and the alum powders. From the stand- point of economy, what the housekeeper wants is the powder with the highest carbon dioxide con- tent and the minimum of starch or filler necessary to preserve its strength. High grade powders contain from 12 to 14 per cent, of carbon dioxide. Below 10 per cent, is poor quality. All leave a mineral residue in the bread and for this and other reasons I believe them to be relatively less health- ful than the products made with yeast. For con- venience, for quick use, etc., the baking powders are unequaled, and the hot bread, cakes, pancakes, so made fill a permissible role in the menu, if not
'* over-worked/'
1
2 1001 TESTS
The alum powders are the least desirable, there being grave question as to their wholesomeness. Between the other two types there is not much to choose. Two teaspoonfuls of a tartrate powder leave in a loaf made from a quart of flour, about 165 grains of Eochelle salts, 45 grains more than a Seidlitz powder. The phosphate type leaves in the loaf a still larger amount of phosphate of lime and phosphate of soda, the latter being slightly purgative. The alum pow- ders leave a deposit of hydrate of aluminum and sulphate of soda, or if phosphate is used, which is now generally the case, phosphate of aluminum is also present. There is some difference of opinion as to the degree of solubility of aluminum salts and their exact physiological effect. (See p. 4.)
Of late egg albumen has been added to baking powders, especially alum powders, and claims made as to the added nutriment so obtained and the greater eflSciency of the powder. The albumen gives a fine thick foam when mixed with water, and the demonstrator points this out as evidence of its greater efficiency. These claims are misleading and the use of albumen in baking powders has been prohibited in some States on this ground. Formerly, many powders contained a slight trace of either lead (in cream of tartar powders) or
BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC. 3
arsenic (in phosphate powders), but these bodies are now practically eliminated from well-made products.
TESTED BAKING POWDERS, YEASTS, ETC.
J {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved produots
{D)y rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Calumet Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Calumet Baking Powder. {Contains alum and egg albumen declared on label. Doubtful if ^^ com- plete neutralization'^ of alum is always effected as claimed.) Cleveland Baking Powder Company, New York City. :k Cleveland's Superior Baking Powder. {Cream of tartar type.) Corby Brothers, Washington, D. C. * Yeast.
Davis, R. B., Company, Hoboken, N. W.
(D) Davis 0. K. Baking Powder. {An alum baking powder, correctly labeled.)
Fleischmann, Company, The, Washington, D. C.
^ Yeast. {Good yeast but starch present, presence of ^Uapioca flour" being declared in very small type.)
Gimibert, S., and Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(D) Up-Rise Baking Powder. {Alum baking powder
4 1001 TESTS
containing egg albumen, and correctly/ la- beled.) Jaques Manufacturing Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) K. C. Baking Powder. {An alum baking pow- der, accurately labeled.) Price Baking Powder Company, Chicago, 111.
^ Dr. Price's Cream Baking Poyder. {Cream of tartar type.) Royal Baking Powder Company, New York City.
* Royal Baking Powder. {Cream of tartar type,
excellent product but claim ^^ absolutely pure,'' untenable as is always the case.) Rumford Chemical Works, Providence, R. I.
* Rumford Baking Powder. {Phosphate type.) Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass.
^ Congress Baking Powder. ( Cream of Tartar type. )
^ Absolutely Pure Grape Cream of Tartar. {Equal
to Pharmacopoeial standard as claimed, but
phrase ^'absolutely pure" objectionable.)
"At Baking Soda — Absolutely Pure Saleratus. {Same.)
(Note: Since writing this the Referee Board have rendered their decision that small amounts (2.31 grains per day) of alum- inum added to foods are not injurious. Large amounts, however, produced "an occasional colic"! In my opinion the conditions were such as to render the results entirely inconclusive. The Board considered only the aluminum hydrate left in bread by the use of alum baking powders. This is well known to be the least injurious of the aluminum compounds. My opinion a^ to the un- desirable effects of baking powders in general, when excessively used^ is confirmed by the report of the Remsen Board.)
n
BEVERAGES
CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS
IHESE are some of tlie questions repeatedly asked in regard to cocoas and chocolates — with their answers.
1. What is the difference between cocoa and chocolate — which is better to use? Cocoa is merely chocolate from which abont half of the fat has been removed. It has therefore less heat value but is a better balanced food and is for that reason preferred for invalids and children, the chocolate being * ^ too rich. ' ' The cocoas have from 20 to 27 per cent, of fat, and the chocolates, 45 to 50 per cent., 45 per cent, being required by the standard.
2. Is there a poisonous drug called theobromin in chocolate? There is a trace of caffein and about 1.8 per cent, of theobromin in cocoa. This is an alkaloid related to caffein but is generally conceded to be relatively free from any marked action on the nerve centers. Further than this cocoa and chocolate being made with milk and hav-
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6 1001 TESTS
ing more food value the stimulating effect of this ingredient is much decreased. We do not hear much of the ^^ cocoa habit'' or of folks who ^* can't get through the day without it. ' '
3. Is an alkali-treated cocoa harmful? Why is it done? Only about 25 per cent, of cocoa is solu- ble in water, and the so-called ^' Dutch process" or treating with an alkali, is practiced because it com- bines with the fat and makes an emulsion, thus ap- parently increasing the solubility while really it does not do so at all. The process is not regarded with general favor, as it increases the mineral con- stituents, adding about 3 per cent, of alkalies to the cocoa, but one cannot say that it is actually in- jurious. The practice is questionable, and the consumer should be given the benefit of the doubt, therefore, the presence of these alkalies should al- ways be plainly declared, that invalids and those of delicate digestion may avoid such brands. Ex- travagant claims in regard to the special merits of the treatment, resulting solubility, digestibility, etc., are misleading.
4. What is plain or bitter chocolate? This product should be composed of the roasted, crushed cocoa nibs only. These nibs contain over 50 per cent, of fat. The bitter chocolates of commerce contain from 45 to 49 per cent, of fat
BEVERAGES
only, showing the removal of a small part of the fat or the addition of some drying substance, such as sugar or starch.
5. What are the adulterants of cocoas? Starch and cocoa shells are sometimes added; iron oxide is occasionally added to cheap products to color them ; added sugar is also considered an adulterant from the standpoint that it is a cheaper product mixed with the more expensive one for which you are paying. Sweetened chocolate should be so labeled. There is practically no adulteration of brands of any reputation.
TESTED BEVERAGES {Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products {D)f rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
TESTED CHOCOLATES AND COCOAS Baker, Walter, and Company, Dorchester, Mass.
'A' Breakfast Cocoa. {Claim ^^ahsolutely pure'' un- tenable, as always,) Bensdorp, Amsterdam, Holland. (Bartlett, Stephen L., Company.) (N) Royal Dutch Cocoa. {A good Dutch process cocoa hut presence of added mineral ingredients makes statement, *^Is acknowledged by the lead- ing authorities to be an absolutely pure cocoa,'' especially objectionable,)
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Blockers, Amsterdam, and New York.
"At Blocker's Daalders Cocoa. {Dutch process 3^ per cent, alkali added, properly labeled; good quality,)
Huyler's, New York.
* Cocoa, Huyler's. {Mineral ingredients slightlu
high; not added alkali, however,)
* Premium Chocolate.
Lowney, Walter M. Company, Boston, Mass.
* Breakfast Cocoa. {Good quality. Extravagant
claims. ^'Unlike any other''; ''Of special bene- fit to those of delicate digestion.'')
Maillard, Henry, 35th and Fifth Avenue, New York,
N. Y. "Ar Maillard 's Breakfast Cocoa. {Extravagant claims
as to solubility, ''absolute purity." No cocoa
is "thoroughly soluble.") :Ar Maillard 's Premium Chocolate.
iPeter Caillcr Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company, Ful- ton, N. Y.
* Breakfast Cocoa. {"Absolutely pure" claim ex-
travagant.) Phillips, Charles H. Chemical Company, New York. (N) Phillips Digestible Cocoa. {No right to the claim of special digestibility ; phosphates added, about 20% of sugar and vanilla — declared on label.)
BEVERAGES 9
Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., New York. * Gold Brand Premium Chocolate.
Van Houten and Sons, Holland.
(N) Van Houten 's Famous Cocoa, Unexcelled. (Greatly exaggerated claims 05 to improvement of the product by the Dutch treatment with alkali)
Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Philadelphia, Pa. ir Instantaneous Chocolate. (A sweet chocolate, about half sugar, 24% fat. Should be so la- beled.)
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, Illinois.
ik- Yours Truly Breakfast Cocoa. (Not ^^ absolutely
pure,^^ nothing is.) (N) Yours Truly Premium Chocolate. (Samples ex- amdned were coated with shellac. No arsenio. Otherwise good quality,)
COFFEE AND TEA
All that the chemist can do to protect the buyer of coffee and tea is to assure him that the product is not faced or artificially colored, does not consist of dried stems instead of leaves in the case of tea, or is not coated with injurious substances and mixed with adulterants such as chicory in the case of coffee ; to make sure that the amount of extract yielded is what it should be ; that odor and flavor are good and that the tea and coffee are free from dirt. In the case of teas the samples were com- pared with a set of standard Treasury samples for grading purposes. These points have been deter- mined for the samples reported but when it comes to fine gradations in quality, this is a matter for the expert and the individual as personal tastes vary widely and the practice of blending many different kinds of teas and coffees and selling them under fancy names, makes it impossible to estab- lish any more definite standards. This is espe- cially true in the case of teas. Wide variations in price exist among some of the starred samples and corresponding variations in quality naturally are found, but the teas approved are all standard and
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BEVERAGES 11
good quality for the price asked. A frank state- ment on the label as to the kind of coffee entering into the blend of package goods bearing pro- prietary fancy names would clarify the whole sit- uation and enable the buyer to judge both of price and relative quality and to know what coffees produce the preferred flavor. Why should we buy a ^^pig in a poke"? Why not know what blend of coffees we purchase ? Such package goods, giv- ing the buyer no inkling as to the nature and qual- ity of the contents, do not always lead to fraud but it makes it perilously easy if a manufacturer is looking for such an opportunity. Let the house- keeper stand for intelligent, simple labels that mean something.
The coffee and tea drinker knows that he is taking caffein, a nerve stimulant, and more or less habit- forming drug when he takes these beverages, and the tannic acid present may affect the digestion more or less, varying with the individual suscepti- bility. There is no doubt but what the excessive use of tea and coffee injuriously affects a large percentage of the persons using them and in many cases of idiosyncrasy even small quantities are harmful.
The only other point of special interest is the ''cereal coffees" or so-called coffee substitutes.
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These are not substitutes for coffee in that they do not produce the same effect, do not have the same flavor, and cannot fill their place. They are harmless, their chief sin lying in the extraordinary claims made as to their nutritive value. As a matter of fact they contain in general about one- twentieth the nutrition of skimmed milk and their only virtue lies in providing a warm, harmless beverage and restricting the use of the caffein- bearing drinks. A true ^* decaffeinated '' coffee would practically serve this purpose at the same time providing a better flavored product.
So-called instantaneous coffees, under whatever branding are made from an aqueous extract of coffee, evaporated to dryness, at a low tempera- ture, usually by aid of a vacuum, preserving as far as possible the aromatic constituents of the ex- tract. There is no method of drying, however, which can preserve all of the volatile flavors and qualities of coffee. The instantaneous coffees must, therefore, of necessity lack some of the de- liciousness of the freshly made beverage. The claims which are made for them in regard to in- creased wholesomeness, lower content of caffein or tannic acid, are not borne out by the analytical data. These coffees are most convenient for campers and on all occasions when the quick
BEVERAGES 18
preparation of the beverage is desirable. This appears to me to be their sole useful role.
TESTED COFFEES, AND COFFEE SUBSTITUTES
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Arbuckle Brothers, New York.
(N) Ariosa Coffee. (Good quality for price; state-
ments on label mildly extravagant; coated with
sugar and egg,)
* Yuban, The Arbuckle Guest Coffee. (A good
blend,)
Aroma Coffee Company, Duluth, Minnesota.
(N) Caldweirs Electric Cut, not ground coffee. (Claims on label extravagant as to removal of tannin, quality, etc.)
Baker Importing Company, 109 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. i^ Bakerized Steel Cut Coffee. {Claims for special process slightly exaggerated; evenly ground and clean, but no marked effect on composition de- termined.)
Bismark Grocery Company, Bismark, North Dakota.
* Yours Truly Coffee.
Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis, Missouri.
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^ Coffee. (Extravagant quality claims — ^^Univer- sally known as the best coffee on the market.' ') "k Fairy Cup Instant Coffee. Blendo Food Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Blendo. (Absurd claims a^ to nutritive value and ^^ superior to coffee" flavor; a mixture of roasted peas, rye and barley,) Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Borden's Condensed Coffee. (A very sm<jll amount of coffee with sugar and condensed milk sold for 31 cents for 15^ ounces. Slightly short weight on samples tested,)
Chase and Sanborn, Boston, Mass.
* Seal Brand Coffee.
Clark, Coggins and Johnson Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Puri-tan-ated Brand Coffee. ('^Nourishing*' cladms extravagant, claims for effect of special process in removing tannin, etc, unwarranted,)
Climax Coffee Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Mrs. Rorer's Brand Own Blend Coffee. (Extreme
claims as to keeping qualities,) Crosse and Blackwell, London and New York.
(N) Pure Essence of Coffee. (Extractives rather low, hardly a true '^ essence,'')
Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. — Chicago, 111. i^ White House Brand Coffee.
Fischer, B., and Company, New York. "Ar Hotel Astor Coffee.
1^'
BEVERAGES 15
Githens, Rexsamer and Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* The '^400" Blend Boasted Coffee.
G. Washington Coffee Sales Company, New York, N. Y. (N) G. Washington Prepared Coffee. (A good in- stantaneous coffee; claims as to harmlessness, etc, much exaggerated as most of the caffein remains. ^^ Drink all the coffee you wanf^' dan- gerous and misleading advice,)
Harris, W. B., Company, New York City.
* Royal Stag Coffee.
Kellogg Food Company, Battle Creek, Mich.
(N) Kellogg 's Cereal Beverage, Minute Brew. (Boasted, pulverized grain, no more ^'health- ful'^ than other cereal coffees,) Kneipp Malt Food Company, Mantowoc, Wisconsin. (N) Kneipp Malt, (A Coffee Substitute). (Claimed to he a roasted malt; so burned that malting can not he confirmed. Flavored with an extract from the leaves and pericarp of the coffee plant.)
Levering Coffee Company, The, Baltimore, Md.
^ Tourist Coffee. Lockyer and Company, Chicago, 111.
* Extra Fancy B. Coffee.
* Extra Fancy C. Coffee.
Merck and Company, New York, (Distributors).
* Dekofa. (A true decaffeinated coffee, containing
16 1001 TESTS
only 0.15 per cent, of caffein, which is as near complete removal as can he attained.)
Panama Banana Fruit Company, New York.
(N) Banan-Nutro. {A product made from ground roasted bananas. Exaggerated claims as to nu- tritive value. Not a ^^king of substitutes for coffee'' in so far as flavor is concerned.)
Porto Rico Trading Company, Inc., 127 Franklin Street, New York, N. Y.
* Queen Isabella Porto Rico Coffee. Postum Cereal Company.
(N) Instant Postum. {Boasted cereals with an excess of mineral ingredients, source unknown: harm- less, but claims much exaggerated.)
(N) Postum Cereal. (Sam,e.) Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass.
(D) Old Grist Mill. A substitute for coffee. (Con- tains wheat, peas, and dandelion, and some cof- fee, objectionable in a ''coffee substitute," claims as to aiding digestion, preserving com- plexion, etc., misleading.)
Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, Mass.
* La Touraine, The perfect coffee. {''Perfection"
exaggerated!)
Sprague, Warner and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Richlieu Brand Hans Evers Process Vacuum Treated Coffee. {Claims as to removal of
BEVERAGES 17
harmful products hy vacuum process not sub- stantiated; caffein still present,)
TESTED TEAS
Asiatic Products Company, San Francisco, California. ^ Dalmoy Blend Tea. -At London Blend Brand Tea.
* Sa-Sa-Ma Brand Tea.
Berndt and Company, Baltimore, Md.
(D) Juno Mate Paraguayan Tea (Ilex Paraguayensis) . (Contains as much caffein as coffee and still most extravagant claims are made as to health- fulness, food value, freedom from bad after ef- fects, etc. Product unohjectionahle hut no ground found for such claims,)
Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coffee Company, St. Louis, Missouri.
* Magic Cup Soluble Tea.
Dwinell- Wright Company, Boston, Mass. — Chicago, 111.
* White House Brand Orange Pekoe Tea.
Fischer, B., and Company.
* Hotel Astor Tea.
Gillet, Martin and Company, Baltimore, Md.
(N) House of Lords, Ceylon Tea. {A heavy, liquor- ing tea; not well cleaned,)
* Standard HE-NO Tea. (A good grade of green
tea.y
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Harris, W. B., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Eoyal Stag Tea. {Good for price; 36 cents a
pound, not highest quality.)
Lipton, London and New York.
* Lipton 's Tea — Extra Choice Blend of Ceylon and
India Tea — Black.
"A" Lipton 's Extra Choicest Blend of Ceylon and In- dia Tea — Black, blend A.
ir Lipton 's Ceylon and India Tea — ^Black, blend B.
Quinby, W. S., Company, Boston, and Chicago, 111. "Ar Golden Dome Orange Pekoe Ceylon Tea. {A sixty cent tea, good flavor but not exceptional; sold in bulk to retailers and branded bags furnished for sales to consumer.)
Salada Tea Company, New York, N. Y.
* Salada Tea.
^ Salada Ceylon and India Tea.
Tetley, Joseph, and Company, London, Eng. ^ Tetley 's Tea, Black, India and Ceylon.
Victoria Tea Company, Chicago, 111.
* ''My Own" blend Tea— Blend No. 1.
* *'My Own'' blend Tea— Blend No. 2.
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111.
ir Yours Truly Tea. {A 40 cent tea — good quality for the price,)
SOFT DRINKS, TONICS, AND MEDICATED BEVERAGES
While the miscellaneous bottled soft drinks on the market with the exception of those bearing habit-forming drugs, such as Coca Cola (caffein), cannot be said to be absolutely injurious, they rep- resent to my mind second grade products of a mis- cellaneous composition which does not recommend them for consumption by the young or for a place in a list of high grade products. Many of the most highly prized remedies are of vegetable origin and almost every root, herb, or extract, found in these so-called soft drinks is described as a drug in the pharmacopoeia, the official standard of drugs. If these bodies have the remedial values assigned to them they should not be given pro- miscuously to healthy people. Why give your child an extract of barks and roots colored with caramel, many of them having medicinal proper- ties, or a ginger ale, owing its pungency chiefly to capsicum, or a sarsaparilla, which has never seen sarsaparilla, but is made from wintergreen, and sassafras, and colored with caramel, when you can always obtain good grape juice, true ginger
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ales, and pure fruit juices obtained direct from the lime, the berry, the orange or lemon?
The question of the presence of alcohol in grape juices has recently been raised. There is never more than a trace of alcohol present, and this only takes place when the grapes have been held over after crushing during the warm season. Under such conditions a slight fermentation might take place producing minute amounts of alcohol. This point seems negligible and certainly could not be used to furnish a foundation for the addition of sugar to grape juices, since this practice makes it possible to use inferior and half-ripened grapes and supply artificial sweetness by adding sugar, giving a product which does not compare with that prepared from properly ripened grapes alone.
None of the soft drinks given in the disapproved class is especially injurious except as intimated above, nor do they contain preservatives, sac- charin, or dangerous coloring materials as is sometimes the case. It is merely that they fail in quality and are for that reason disapproved as not belonging in a list of high grade products, or are of secret composition and as such unworthy of patronage. Some of the manufacturers have un- doubtedly made efforts to improve their product and moderate their claims especially of late years.
BEVERAGES ^
Upon the whole the ^* habit of drinking," even of a preparation of roots and herbs, is not one to be generally commended. At least every parent hav- ing at heart the welfare of his child is entitled to know what that child drinks when he patronizes the soda fountain or the bottled beverages.
TESTED SOFT DRINKS, TONICS AND MEDI- CATED BEVERAGES
Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association, St. Louis, Mo. iK Malt Nutrine. (General claims as to tonic and flesh forming results permissible. Statement that it is non-intoxicating is modified hy the declaration of the presence of 1.9 per cent, of alcohol. Is non-imtoxicating when taken m medicinal doses, as recommended on label,)
Armour Company, Chicago, Illinois.
^ Grape Juice. American Fruit Products Company, Rochester, N. Y.
-At Duffy ^s Apple 'Juice.
Brooke, C. M., and Sons, New York and Melbourne. (D) Lemos, Brooke's. (Apparently a mixture of lime and lemon pulp and juice, sweetened, colored with Napthol Yellow S (a permitted coal tar dye) and preserved with 0.10 per cent, of henzoate of soda, declared on the lahel, ^'Use Lemos instead of lemons for all purposes/'
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It is not a wholesome equivalent for pure lemon juice hy any means.)
Cliquot Club Company, Millis, Mass.
(N) Celebrated Cliquot Club Extra Dry Ginger Ale. {Found little or no ginger resins and but little ginger oil. Owes pungency mainly to capsicum, which is declared on label as follows: ^^This bottle contains a minute amount of capsicum to give increased pungency/^)
Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia.
(D) Coca Cola, Bottled. (A beverage sold as a soft drink containing a habit forming alkaloid, caf- fein, not declared in any way and which may prove injurious to health; contains also a little phosphoric acid, about 9 per cent, of sugar, and is colored with caramel.)
Coleman and Company, Ltd., Norwich, Eng.
(D) Wincarnis. {A sweet red wine containing malt extract and extract of beef. The latter has practically no food value; contains 18 per cent, of alcohol, and the claims that it is '^a nerve food without an equal" and '^a powerful restor- ative and vitalizer" and ^^a liquid food" are not permissible, as it is merely a mild stimu- lant and tonic, has practically no nutri- tive value and is not a ''nerve food" at aU.)
BEVERAGES
Evans' Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., London and Liverpool. it The Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice.
Golden Gate Fruit Company, San Gabriel and New York, N. Y. (D) Orange Ade. (Citric acid suhstituted in whole or in part for orange juice, artificially colored with a coal tar dye and preserved with sodium benzoate. Notice of judgment 2864.)
Hawaiian Pineapple Products Company, Honolulu. * Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pineapple Juice.
Hires, Charles E., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Hire's Household Extract. (Is true to label be- ing made from a mixture of many different barks and roots, such as juniper, pipsisewa, spikenard, etc. Not deemed of a composition suitable for children's use. May have medicinal effect,)
Hoff, Johann, agent, Eisner Mendelson Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Johann Hoff 's Extract. (A malt extract con- taining nearly 5 per cent, of alcohol, more than many beers, with 92 per cent, of volatile mat- ter, mostly water, and only 8 per cent, of nu- tritive solids. Claims that it is ^'recognized by the medical faculty as an ideal food,'^ and that it is an ''active remedy for coughs, colds, sore throat, bronchitis, etc.,'' are not warranted in any way.)
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Hygeia Distilled Water Company, New York, N. Y.
* Hywaco Ginger Ale.
"k Lemon Soda.
(D) Hywaco Sarsaparilla. (Sweetened water, fla- vored with sassafras and wintergreen. Not true to label as it contains no sarsa/parilla. An accepted commercial misbranding. All sarsa- parillas are of this type,)
Moxie Company, Boston and New York.
(D) Moxie. (Contains a little oil of sassafras and wintergreen, caramel, sugar and a trace of ex- tractives from Peruvian barh. Former extrav- agant tonic claims have been modified but are still far too strong. Harmless but of secret composition,)
O. T. Limited, London, Blaekfriars, S. E., Sydney and Melbourne, Australia. (D) 0. T. A delicious Drink, — A Tonic. A Diges- tive. {Extravagant tonic and digestive claims for a product containing capsicum, caramel and flavoring oils.)
Pepper, Dr., Company, Waco, Texas.
(D) Dr. Pepper (King of Beverages). (Makes spe- cial merit of being free from caffein, and co- cain. Contains benzaldehyde and caramel col- oring, with raspberry flavor and a trace of citric and phosphoric acid.)
BEVERAGES ^
Pierce, S. S., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Tally-Ho Ginger Ale.
(D) Tally-Ho Sarsaparilla. {See Eygeia Di$tUled Water Company, N, Y., Hywaco SarsaparUla for comments.) Puritan Fruit Products Company, Fredonia, N. Y.
(N) Red Wing Grape Juice. {Two per cent, or less of sugar added declared on label; should be called a ^^ sweetened grape juice''; addition of dubious necessity or desirability.)
Rose, L., and Company, Ltd., London.
'jAr Rose's Pure West Indian Lime Juice unsweetened. Ross, W. A., and Sons, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland.
* Ross's Royal Ginger Ale.
Schuyler, A. C, 333 West 36th Street, New York.
* Delatour Ginger Ale.
Sheboygan Mineral Water Company, Sheboygan, Wis.
* Aromatic Ginger Ale. {Not ''chief of them
alV) Standard Bottling and Extract Company, Boston, Mass. if: Standard Ginger Ale.
Welch Grape Juice Company, Westfield, N. Y.
ic Grape Juice. Wyeth, John, and Brother, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) Liquid Malt Extract. {Alcohol slightly too high (2.53 per cent,), as much as a light beer. Con-
1001 TESTS
tains, however, 14 per cent, of solids and the claims are only slightly exaggerated. Its spe- cial adaptahUity for nursing mothers and con- sumptives is over stated.)
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BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC. .
THEEE is but little criticism to be made con- cerning tbe package *^ crackers,'^ cakes, bis- cuits, etc. Usually no great nutritive claims are made. In some cases extravagant claims are made for bran, and whole wbeat products. These are of value in preventing constipation, and are of maxi- mum nutritive value, when true to name. Too often, however, the products are bolted and the analysis does not justify the claim that the whole wheat, including the bran, was used. This is the case with the Educator products, which not only show by their nitrogen and ash content that they are not made of true whole wheat, but rather ex- travagant claims are made for their efficiency. The simple patent flour biscuit of the Loose-Wiles Company is a perfectly good biscuit, but when they claim that it ** contains all the nutriment of the grain" and ^ 4s different from all other soda crack- ers," etc., the labeling is plainly misleading.
One other product is open to special criticism, namely, the rusks and biscuits of the Jireh Dia-
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betic Food Company, whicli claim to ^'cure consti- pation,'^ *' provide an anti-acid diet/^ and to be **especially suitable for diabetics," wben they con- tain about 47 per cent, of starch, or more, the ** special treatment" being of dubious value. Such claims in combination with the misleading word ^^diatetic'' garbled from the two words ** dietetic" and ** diabetic" cannot be considered frank, honest, and instructive labeling, and would of necessity mislead the average layman.
The main objection to this class of products, if such it be, is that the consumer pays a high price for the sanitary package. Any one who remem- bers the pound of soda biscuits bought in bulk knows that he is getting much less, due allowance being made for breakage, when he buys the dozen or so prettily packed cakes or crackers in a neat box. The public seems to demand such goods, however, and except on the score of economy, a factor in the problem which we are considering in this instance only in extreme cases, the output is commendable.
TESTED BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC.
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (^) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
BISCUITS, CAKES, ETC- S9
Edwards, Elinor E., East Orange, N. J.
(N) Edwards' Bran Cookies. (Analysis indicates a bran flour rather than pure bran. Claims for efficiency as a nutritive laxative largely justi- fiable.)
Holland Rusk Company, Holland, Michigan.
(N) Holland Rusk. {Label misleading as to origin. Not the original '^Holland Busk''; made in Holland, Mich. Not the '^most practical and economical food known.'')
Ivins', J. S., Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Ivins' Bonnie Wafers.
* Ivins' Luneh-on-Thin.
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Jireh Diatetic Rusks. {A good rusk, high in ni- trogen and mineral ingredients, but not '^a cure for constipation" and not especially adapted for diabetics as claimed.) (D) Jireh Diatetic Biscuits. (Most extravagant, in- defensible, medicinal claims; contains about 65 per cent, of starch and statement is made that it is ^^a food remedy for diabetes, indigestion, insomnia, rheumatism, bright 's disease, and all forms of nervous and gastric derangement.")
Johnson Educator Food Co., Boston, Mass.
(N) Educator Gluten Cookies. (Contain somewhat less protein than should be found in a standard gluten flour. Following claim$ not entirely
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warranted: ^'Unequaled for those who are re- stricted to a gluten dief . . . ^'It contains a minimum of starch and a high proteid con- tent.'') 'A' Educator Graham Crackers. Unsweetened.
(N) Educator Oatmeal Crackers. {Nitrogen and min- eral ingredients both lower than in average hulled oats. Claim ^^ Combines wheat phos- phates and oat nitrates/' meaningless.)
(N) Educator Toasterettes. (Weight understated; formerly 11 to 14 ounces was claimed; now otily 9 ounces are claimed. Hardly a satisfactory way from the consumer's point of view of cor- recting short weight. Nitrogen and mineral ingredients both too low for a true '^ entire wheat" cracker.)
(N) Educator Wafers. (Weight claim lowered to 8 ounces so that they now run over weight, though were formerly short. Analysis does not indicate a true whole wheat product. Nitro- gen content is fairly good but the mineral in- gredients are low, indicating that bran has been removed. These products are good but claims are unwarranted and the price per pound is high.)
Loose- Wiles Biscuit Company, 666 Causeway Street, Boston, Mass. 'A: Pakatin-Biscuit. lAr . Sunshine Assorted Biscuits.
BISCUITS, CAEES, ETC. SI
'A' Sunshine Citrus Biscuits.
* Sunshine Clover Leaves — A Sugar wafer eonfoc-
tion.
* Sunshine Dessert Wafers.
'A' Sunshine Graham Crackers. (Contain about 20 per cent, of sugar, not declared; should 'be called ^^ Sweetened Graham Crackers.'')
iic Sunshine Philopena Sugar Almond.
ic Sunshine Petite Beurre Biscuits.
"A- Sunshine Tafl San Sugar Wafers.
ic Sunshine Veroniques.
(N) Takoma Biscuit. (A patent flour biscuit of usu<d composition, contains no more mineral ingredi- ents than the regulation patent flour and still makes the following extravagant claims: ^^con- taining all the nutriment in the grain; en- tirely different from all other soda crackers; easily digested; very nourishing.'')
"At Vienna Sugar Fingers. {Why Vienna?)
National Biscuit Company, New York, N. T.
* Adora.
"A' Arrowroot Biscuit. "k Baronet Biscuit. At Cheese Sandwich. ii^ Chocolate Tokens. i^ Chocolate Wafers.
* Epic Wafers.
* Festino Almpnds. Ar Fig Newtons.
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* Frotana — The Fruit Biscuit. |
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* Graham Crackers. {Contain about 11 per |
cent, of |
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sugar, not declared; should he called ' |
''Sweet- |
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ened Oraham Crackers/') |
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ic Lemon Snaps. |
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* Nabisco. |
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* Old Time Sugar Cookies. |
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it Eoyal Lunch. |
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* Saltine Biscuit. |
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* Social Tea Biscuit. |
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* Sponge Lady Fingers. |
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* Uneeda Biscuit. |
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* Vanilla Wafers. |
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• Water Thin Biscuit. |
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* Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps. |
Remmers, B., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.
ic Gluten Bread, Diabetiker loaves. (Leavened with hydrogen peroxide but none found in the fin- ished loaf; carbohydrates reduced to from 10 to 15 per cent.)
IV CANDIES
THE principal adulterants to be feared in con- fections have been sulphites, nsed especially in bleaching molasses, saccharin used to replace sugar, metallic substances and shellac containing arsenic, used in coating and giving a gloss, especially to the cheap, penny candies sold to chil- dren, artificial, poisonous colors, and the substitu- tion of the cheap glucose made from starch, for the true sugar (sucrose) of which candies are sup- posed to be made. Glucose may be used almost entirely to supplant sugar, in the case of low grade candies, in which case it is a cheapener (whatever may be thought of its wholesomeness and rela- tive digestibility, especially for children), as the price is much less than that of sugar. Moreover, the child will eat more of confections made of glu- cose, as they are less sweet and this again I con- sider undesirable. The glucose may be used hon- estly in small amounts to give certain physical characteristics, especially in such candies as nougatines, caramels, etc. If used in quantities not exceeding 10 to 15 per cent, its presence has
33
34 1001 TESTS
been disregarded, it being considered that it was employed in sucb cases without fraudulent intent. In my opinion, however, glucose when present in a candy should be declared on the label and I hope to see the day when it will be replaced by invert sugar, both in the interests of dietetics and hon- esty. Sugar is more apt to crystallize and to melt than is glucose, which is more than one-half dextrin (a non-sugar) and it is for this physical effect that the candy-makers desire to use it. If manufac- turers would plainly label all mixed products with the percentage of glucose present the popular prejudice against glucose based on its extensive and continued use under no name, or one that gives no index to its nature, or a misleading name, would soon disappear.
Personally, I believe that candies should be given very sparingly to children, because of the tendency to decrease and debase the natural ap- petite, creating a longing for only sweet foods, which increase the danger of digestive disturb- ances. For hard working men and women, can- dies when properly used, offer a valuable addition to the diet. Cake, milk chocolates, plain taffy and mints, the hard candies like stick candy, if made from pure sugar, and fruit flavors, and free from artificial coloring, are probably as healthy and
CANDIES 35
nutritious as any sweets that can be used, espe- cially for the little folks. We are writing for the present as well as for the future. We realize that candies will continue to be used in large quantities for children in spite of the sound dietetic objec- tions to this practice. Our present purpose, there- fore, is to emphasize the importance of the use of pure constituents, pure sugar and honey, in- vert sugar, natural coloring matters of vegetable origin, caramel (burnt sugar), natural flavors de- rived chiefly from fruits, clean milk, and pure chocolate all manufactured in the most sanitary manner. Too long keeping should also be avoided, dust proof containers employed and the products handled in the most cleanly and hygienic manner possibla
TESTED CANDIES
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to metiiod of rating.)
Aromint Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
* Aromints.
Belle Mead Sweets, Trenton, N. J.
^ Belle Mead Sweets Chocolate Coated Caramels.
* Old Fashioned Chocolate Coated Vanilla Whipped
Creams.
36 1001 TESTS
Bishop and Company, Los Angeles, California.
(N) Calarab Candy Figs. (50 per cent, sugar and nearly 17 per cent, glucose.) Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y.
* Milk Chocolate.
Foss, H. D., and Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Caramels. (33 per cent, of glucose.)
* Chocolate Peppermints. lAr Pony Sticks.
(N) Quality Liquid Cream Cherries. {Cherries col- ored with erythrosine, a permitted coal tar dye.)
Heide, Henry, New York, N. Y.
(N) Fine Marshmallows. (20 per cent, glucose.) Heller-Barnham Company, Hopewell, N. J.
(N) Hopewell Dainties. (20 per cent, glucose in cream fillings; 12 oz. sold for 1 lb. (80 cents) ; good quality otherwise.) Hershey Chocolate Company, Hershey, Pa.
i^ Hershey 's Sweet Milk Chocolate. Huyler's, New York City.
* Bonbons.
(N) Caramels. (24 per cent, glucose.)
* Chocolates.
* Nugatines.
* Vanilla Sweet Chocolate.
CANDIES 37
Johnston, Milwaukee, Wis.
(N) Superfine Caramels. (51 per cent, glucose.) (N) Swiss Style Milk Chocolate Creams. (20 per cent, glucose,)
LfOose- Wiles Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Nobility Chocolates. (25 per cent, of glucose in cream filling, price $1.00 a pound,) Lowney, Walter M., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Chocolate Gems.
i^ Chocolate Ice Cream Drops. {Why ice cream f The cream filling contained 12.5 per cent, of glucose.)
(N) Crest Caramels, Chocolate Covered. (19 per cent, of glucose; good quality but glucose con- tent slightly high.)
(N) Crest Nugatines — Chocolate Covered. (18 p$r cent, glucose.)
Maillard's, New York. "A- Bon Bons.
(N) Caramels. {Glucose 23 per cent.) ^ Chocolate Creams.
* Nugatines.
Manufacturing Company of America, Philadelphia, Pa.
* U-AU-No After Dinner Mint. Mayer, Alfred, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Marmay Crimped Chocolates, Nuta and Fruitg.
88 1001 TESTS
National Candy Company.
^ Skylark Chocolates, Seventeen Varieties. (11 per
cent, of glucose.) (N) Skylark Milk Chocolate Creams. (16 per cent of glucose.) New England Confectionery Company, Boston, Mass. (N) Pony Sticks Assorted. Necco Sweets. (30 per cent, of glucose; permitted coal tar dyes.) Nunnally, Atlanta, Ga.
^ Caracas Chocolate Creams. (10 per cent, glu- cose; a 40 cent candy, good quality for price.) (N) Chocolate Covered Cordial Cherries. {Cherries colored with ponceau, a permitted coal tar dye.)
Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y.
* Bon Bons.
(N) Caramels. (22 p$r cent, of glucose.)
* Chocolates,
* Nugatines.
Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company, Pal- ton, N. Y.
ic Almond Milk Chocolate. (Disparages competi- tor's products in an unwarranted way.)
it Original Sweet Milk Chocolate.
* Nestle 's Hazel Nut Sweet Milk Chocolate. "A: Nestle 's Almond Sweet Milk Chocolate.
Powell's, New York, N. Y.
-k Kewpie Kandies. (Pur$ sugar candies, only vege- table colors used.X
CANDIES 89
Rucckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, Illinois. (N) Angelas Marshmallows. (Contain 36 per cent,
glucose but more of this ingredient is said to b$
required for marshmallows than for most other
types of candies,) (N) Chocolate Marshmallows, Angelus. (19 per cent.
of glucose and 54 per cent, of sucrose. Hardly
^^A message of purity/^ though they are very
good marshmallows,) ^N) Nut Cracker Jack, The Famous Confection. (17
per cent, of glucose.)
SchrafFt's, New York. "A: Bonbons. (N) Caramels. (Glucose 28 per cent.)
* Chocolate Creams.
Suchard, Neuchatel, Switzerland, London, Eng.
'k Chocolate (Chocolat sans sucre). (An unmixed chocolate of high grade containing 53 per cent, of cocoa fat.)
lUnited Berne Zurich Chocolat Manufacturing Com- panies, Switzerland. "Ar Chocolat Lindt. (A typical sweet chocolate, should 1)6 so labeled; contains 31 per cent, of fat and 47 per cent, of sugar.)
iWadsworth Chocolate Co., Newark, N. J.
* [Wadsworth's Sweets, Mints.
40 1001 TESTS
Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., 411-421 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Chocolate Elite Cream. {Glucose 12 per cent.)
* Chocolate Covered Liquid Cherries.
(N) Super Extra Chocolate Covered Caramels. {Glu- cose 20 per cent,) Wilbur, H. O., and Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Wilbur's Vanilla Chocolate Buds. {Extravagant
praise of flavor and general excellence.)
V
CANNED GOODS ^
THEEE are many popular fallacies and rmnors afloat regarding this class of food materials. The name itself is unfortunate. Canned goods, strictly speaking, include foods which are steril- ized by heat only and kept in air tight containers, whether they be tin cans or glass jars. For this reason, only fruits, milks, vegetables, and soups with their related products are treated in this section.
Many confuse canned goods with preserves, which represent quite a different class of products such as jams, jellies, fruit syrups and catsups, all of which are combined with sugar and other condi- ments or are otherwise compounded. The time was when peas were colored with copper, green com was sweetened with saccharin, and preserv- atives of various kinds, salicylic, benzoic, sulphur- ous acids, and borax were used to aid the keeping process. These evil practices have disappeared in the case of true canned goods. Benzoate, borax and saccharin and copper sulphate are tabooed.
^ For eanned and dried fish, and meats, sde pages 122 and IdO.
41
4i2 1001 TESTS
The main points to be considered are the quality of the raw materials, the sanitary conditions of manufacture, full weight and measure, and the possible presence of tin, dissolved from the con- tainer. On the first two points, chemical analysis cannot throw much light. We can only base our opinion upon inspection, taste, and general knowl- edge of the standing of the firm concerned.
Net weight will soon be stated on all cans under the law, and in this connection a slack fill must also be considered, as obviously a can of tomatoes that weighs two pounds, but is largely water, is not so good as one that is a little under weight, but con- tains more solids. Variations in weight will occur in the output from the same factory, and therefore the examination of a few samples may be misleading. We are reporting, therefore, the data obtained on the goods examined, for what they are worth, and as a general guide to the quality of the output of the several manufacturers named. Three hundred milligrams of tin per kilo (5 grains in 2.2 lbs.) are tolerated by official regulation. We have not starred any product which contained 200 milligrams or over, and in most cases only very small amounts are present. Certain vegetables, such as asparagus, act upon tie container to a greater extent than others and
CANNED GOODS
will always be higher in tin. For some vegetables, lacquered cans are used. Beets, especially, are put up in this way; whereas in other cases (beans and asparagus), the lacquer seems to affect the flavor of the product and cannot so well be used.
The National Canner's Association has a central laboratory, whose work is conducted by chemists and bacteriologists formerly connected with the Bureau of Chemistry, and every effort is making to solve these problems in the canning industry as rapidly as possible, with a view es- pecially to the elimination of tin salts. Plainly, it is with minor evils that we have to do in the can- ning trade.
While I cannot agree with those who hold that canned goods are better than fresh, the addition of wholesome canned fruits and vegetables to the dietary in Winter, and for the use of those who are of necessity cut off from a fresh supply, is a blessing of incalculable value and only attended by a minimum of danger. In my opinion, it would be a great step forward if the package should carry not only the net weight, but also the date of manufacture, so that goods could not be held too long on the grocer's shelves. This is es- pecially true in the case of condensed milk, and such vegetables as asparagus, fish products, ber-
44 1001 TESTS
ries, etc., some of which are especially apt to attack the inner surface of the container.
Another difficulty in passing upon the output of canned goods is that many of them are put up in plain cans and handled by jobbers under their own names, so that one cannot be sure that the supply of any particular distributor will be uni- form. The terms used to express different grades of canned goods mean but little to the can- ners and less to the consumer. The simplifica- tion of the label in this regard, the abandonment of such meaningless terms as ** Superfine," ^' Extra Quality, '^ ^^ Early June, Extra Sifted,'' etc., and the presence of the date, the name of the manufacturer and the true net-weight on each can, would be a boon to the housekeeper and enable her to buy more intelligently and permit of a more accurate estimate of the various grades and brands in relation to their price.
Notwithstanding these criticisms, which are largely matters of labeling and distribution, the canned goods supply, can be given as large a measure of approval as could be accorded to any single class of food products. Increasing confi- dence of the people in the quality of these steri- lized products since the great body of manufac- turers have become affiliated in a National As-
CANNED GOODS 45
sociation pledged to purity, wholesomeness, and honesty of its products is strengthening the com- mercial side of the canning industry and pro- moting the efforts of food officials and hygienists who are striving for the highest ideals in food production.
FRUITS (SEE ALSO DRIED FRUITS)
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
TESTED FRUITS Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, Md.
(N) Strawberries, Victory Brand. (A plain can (n&t lacquered), artificial color claimed, but none de- tected. The proportion of liquid solids was too high, though the whole can was over weight.)
California Fruit Canner's Association, San Franciseo, Gal. (Packed for Park and TUford, New York City,)
iir Apricots, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
ir Cherries, Royal A|ine, D^ Monte Brand, Extra Quality.
"At Hawaiian Pineapple, Gold Leaf Extra, Sliced.
* Logan Berries, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
* Peaches, Lemon Cling, Del Monte Brand, Extra
Quality.
46 1001 TESTS
^ Peaches, Yellow Free, Del Monte Brand Extra
Quality. ik Pears, Bartlett, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
* Plums, Egg, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality.
ifc- Plums, Green Gage, Del Monte Brand Extra Qual- ity. Cobb Preserving Company, Pairport, N. Y.
* "White Cherries, Navy Brand. (Amount of liquid
slightly high in proportion to the fruit — 50 per cent, of each. The can was over weight,)
Davies, K. M., and Company, Williamson, N. Y.
'k Red Raspberries, Williamson Brand. (Liquid rather high in proportion to fruit (63 per cent, of juice), total weight very good,)
Griffith-Durney Company, San Francisco, Calif. k Apricots, California, Troubadour Brand.
* Bartlett Pears, California, Troubadour Brand.
* Cherries, Royal Anne, Troubadour Brand.
* Plums, Egg, California, Troubadour Brand.
* Plums, Green Gage, Troubadour Brand.
Hawaiian Pineapple Company, Honolulu.
k Hawaiian Sliced Pineapple, Paradise Island Brand. Hunt Brothers, Haywood, Cal.
* Apricots.
-k Bartlett Pears.
* Cherries, Royal. k Peaches.
CANNED GOODS 47
Lanning and Son, William, Bridgeton, N. J.
ic Blackberries in Syrup, Silver Lake Brand.
it Pears, Silver Lake Brand. Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N, T.
ic Premier Strained Cranberry Sauce. Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Bartlett Pears.
it Extra Lemon Cling Peaches.
it Sliced Hawaiian Pineapple.
Siegel Cooper Company, New Yol'k, N. Y.
(N) Hawaiian Sliced Pineapples, Fountain Brand, Extra. (Unwarranted medicinal claims '* spe- cially valuable in case of diphtheria, etc.'' Quality good.) it Lemon Cling Peaches, Fountain Brand.
MILK PRODUCTS, INFANT'S POODS, ETC.
It often happens that infants are deprived of their natural diet, i.e., the milk of a healthy mother. There are also sometimes derangements of nutri- tion in which case the child does not assimilate normal food. To meet these conditions manufac- turers and physicians have endeavored to supply nutritious substitutes for the child's natural diet. It is hardly necessary to say that none of these efforts have met with complete success. There is no so-called conunercial * infant's food," that can be recommended for general use. The anx- ious mother vainly turns from one vaunted prepa- ration to another to avoid diarrhea, or check the loss of weight of a wasting child. Most of the makers of infant foods recognize the fact that pure milk, scientifically modified, is the best substitute for mother's milk. The milk of the Holstein cow is said to be particularly adapted to infant feed- ^Sy ^y reason of its relatively lower content of fat, and the smaller size of the fat globules, re- sembling human milk more nearly in these par- ticulars. Goat's milk, unfortunately not utilized in this country, is probably better adapted to th©
48
CANNED GOODS 49
infant's use than cow's milk, and the animal itself is less prone to tuberculosis.
The wise physician, guided by the principles of scientific dietetics, will endeavor by slight modifica- tions of pure, clean, fresh milk, from healthy ani- mals (usually effected by varying degrees of dilu- tion, and the addition of milk sugar and lime water and sometimes barley water), to determine the diet best suited to the particular case. A large percentage of the commercial infants' foods are offered, not as complete foods, but as milk modi- fiers. One of the virtues urged in their behalf is the substitution of sugar and dextrin (made by the action of enzymes on starch obtained from cereal products) for the natural milk sugar or lactose. It is difiicult to believe that nature has made a mistake in placing lactose instead of su- crose, maltose or dextrin, in the milk of the mam- mals. That infants often thrive on these substi- tute sugars is an evidence of the ability even of the babe to tolerate a strange environment rather than a proof of the waywardness of nature. It is more logical to believe that lactose, the natural milk sugar of little sweetness, is not only the nor- mal, but also the best carbohydrate for the baby.
The infant's foods of commerce may be divided into the following general classes :
60 1001 TESTS
1. Milk products (including condensed milk, sweetened or unsweetened, tlie latter being known as ** evaporated'' milk and dried milks).
2. Malted cereals.
3. Mixtures of malted cereals, with milk, im- properly called ^^ malted milks.''
4. Mixtures of sugar, malt, dextrose, dextrin, ^g&s, etc.
The condensed milks are not offered exclusively for infant's foods, but for general nutrition, and as a food for grown people, for use in coffee, for convenience in traveling, camping, etc., and for general use when fresh milk is not available or is under suspicion, they afford a most valuable sub- stitute. Nearly all labels and advertisements, however, commend them for infant feeding. Sweetened condensed milk, consisting as it does, largely of sugar (often over 40 per cent.) should never be used for infant feeding. This amount of sugar unbalances the ration, increasing enor- mously the proportion of carbohydrates and thus tends to derange digestion and promote the undue formation of fat, mistakenly hailed by the mother as an indication of healthy nutrition. Growth, firmness of flesh, color and animation are much surer signs of successful feeding than is the
CANNED GOODS 61
^^ creased plumpness," so lauded by venders of in- fant foods.
When traveling, or if a pure whole milk cannot be secured, or in hot climates where refrigerating facilities are limited, the unsweetened condensed milk, sometimes called *^ evaporated milk'' may- afford the second best choice. By reason of the high temperatures required to sterilize and con- dense the product, such milk undergoes marked changes of character, which many medical authori- ties consider affect its nutritive properties for in- fants, the mineral ingredients especially being less easily assimilated. Though this evidence is ques- tioned by some, it is well to be on the safe side, and while many infants thrive on a diet of condensed milk others so fed have suffered from rickets and other diseases of deranged assimilation.
Condensed milks are properly made from the pure, clean, fresh milk of healthy cows. Prac- tically much of it is made of milk from very un- sanitary cows, and handled in unsanitary dairies. There is no reason to believe that the milk in many of the dairies is better than some of that sold in its natural state. The evaporated product, however, has the distinct advantage over ordinary market milk, in so far as diseased germs and dirt are con-
Sa 1001 TESTS
cemed, that it is strained and sterilized in the con- densaries ; the sweetened product is not sterile.
According to the official standards, condensed milk contains not less than 28 per cent, of solids and of these 7.7 per cent, is fat. Subsequent un- warranted modification of the standard requires that the sum of total solids and fat shall be 34.3 per cent., of which 7.8 should be fat. Many of the con- densed milks on the market fall even below this. While in my opinion the official standards are not as high as they should be, having been established by act of Congress they can be changed only by Congressional direction. But although the stan- dards now represent minimum requirements for total solids and fat, there has been a long con- tinued attempt on the part of many manufacturers to have them lowered still further. The claim has been persistently mad'e that it was impracticable to condense milks to the minimum degree required, namely, 28 per cent, of solids, by reason of the fact that the organic salts present in milk, mostly compounds with citric acid, would crystallize out and form a sandy, gritty deposit objectionable to the consumer. Also the argument is made that when condensed milks are made from whole milk containing 4 per cent, of fat (although this is about the general average) the required total solids
CANNED GOODS
should be lower, since it is claimed to be difficult to keep the ^^ excessive quantity" of fat from sep- arating and forming a kind of thick cream. In my opinion both of these contentions are without foundation, and this view is borne out by the sam- ple of the imported evaporated milk which we have examined, which contains about one-fifth more total solids and fat than is required by the mini- mum standards of this country. If a manufac- turer in Switzerland can produce a very satisfac- tory product containing over 33 per cent, of solids and 9y2 per cent, of fat, an American manufac- turer should not grumble because he is required to have 28 per cent, of solids and about 7.7 per cent, of fat. Moreover, the physical appearance of the imported sample was most excellent, being soft, creamy, devoid of grit, and showing no evidences of the separation of fat. It is more probable that the separation referred to is due to long keeping, and not to an excessive condensation. Evap- orated milks should be distributed in such a man- ner that they will not remain too long upon the shelves of the dealers.
Skimmed milk cannot be advised for infants, and evaporated milks, especially milks recom- mended for infant feeding, should be held strictly up to the standard for total solids and fat. Dried
54 1001 TESTS
milk or milk powder differs from condensed milk in being almost free from moisture. It has all the faults and virtues of condensed milk and may serve a most useful purpose when the fresh product can- not be obtained.
When cereals, wheat, rye, barley, etc., are finely ground and made into a paste by the admixture of water at a high temperature, they are readily acted on by malt which renders the starch soluble, chang- ing it into sugars (maltose an(J dextrose), and into dextrin. The infant utilizes starch only with diffi- culty and this process makes it more easily di- gestible. No normal infant at its mother's breast, however, requires food of this kind. Nature is the safest guide, and if such preparations have any value, it is only in abnormal conditions. The use of simply modified milk, as previously described, up to the sixth month, and the gradual introduction of cereal gruels, fruit juices, etc., after that time is in general a procedure to be preferred to the use of so-called '* infants' foods."
Malted milks represent a large class of mis- branded products, consisting really of a certain amount of milk mixed with malted cereals, the lat- ter usually forming the principal part of the product. They are nutritious and convenient materials for grown persons, and some invalids.
CANNED GOODS 65
but are too Mgh. in carbohydrates ( starches, and sugars) foreign to an infant's natural food to be especially adapted to this purpose. Often the per- centage of fat is so low as to indicate that even the small amount of milk present was skimmed milk. Special comment on the samples of these classes of infant's foods examined will be found in connec- tion with the respective products.
TESTED MILK PKODUCTS, INFANT'S FOODS, ETC.
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
American Druggist's Syndicate.
(D) A. D. S. Malted Milk. {Not a whole milk; only 1.2 per cent, of fat found. Extravagant claims as to quality and being ''The lest of all foods for infants and invalids.^') American Malted Food Company, Milwaukee, "Wis.
(D) Thompson's Malted Food— Malted Milk. {Too low in fat in proportion to protein and lactose for a whole milk; indicates skim milk; lactose so high as to indicate that it is added as such (0.54 per cent, of fat and 20 per cent, of lactose found.)
(D) Thompson's Malted Beef (Peptone). {Analysis practically the same as for malted milk; not
56 1001 TESTS
enough heef peptone to give character to the product.) Aurora Condensed Milk Company, Rotterdam, Holland.
* Sweetened Condensed milk. (Most excellent
product, about % higher in milk solids and fat than the American output,)
Benger's Food, Ltd., Manchester, Great Britain.
(D) Benger's Pood. (Chiefly flour, containing a lit- tle diastase and sodium iicarbonate; claims for digestiiility and nutritive value unwarranted. Not desirable for infants.)
Bema Milk Company, Thoune, Switzerland.
"At Condensed Swiss Milk, sweetened with sugar. (About % higher in milk solids amd fat than the American samples. Claim ^^ Absolutely Pure'' and directions for infant feeding, ob- jectionable, but product is not especially rec- ommended for this purpose.)
Bernese Alps Milk Company, Switzerland.
* Evaporated unsweetened Swiss milk. (A most
excellent product, fully % higher in solids and fat than our best American products. Claim ^'Can be used as an excellent cream" objection- able, as it has only half the butter fat of a true cream,) Borden's Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Condensed Milk, The Gail Borden Eagle Brand. (A most excellent sweetened milk for general me; not starred solely because of extravagant
CANNED GOODS 57
claims for its special suitahility for infants' feeding, for which use it is deemed most oh- jectionahle, as it contains over 40 per cent, of sucrose, an element not found at all in the in- fants' normal food,)
* Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (pound cans). (N) Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless (six ounce
can). (The large cans were of excellent com- position, hut two samples of the small cans, same brand, were low both in solids and fat. May have been accidental,)
ir Evaporated Milk, Unsweetened, St. Charles Brand.
lA: Malted Milk, Borden's. (A whole milk mixed with malted cereals; an excellent and nutritious food for adults but not suitable for infant feed- ing in general as claimed, and not approved for this purpose. Much less objectionable than the sweetened condensed milk for this pur- pose,)
Denmark Condensed Milk Company, Denmark, Wis. (N) Danish Prize Evaporated Milk. {Not sufficiently condensed. Exaggerated claims made for qual- ity. It is not the '* leading brand of the world,'')
Helvetia Milk Condensing Company, Highland, 111.
* Our Pet Brand Unsweetened, Sterilized, Evapo-
rated Milk.
58 1001 TESTS
Hires Condensed Milk Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Hires Condensed Milk. (Milk sufficiently con- densed, hut either a product low in fat was used or it was partly skimmed; should he laheled ^^Sweetened," contains ahout 45 per cent, of sugar.)
Horlick*s Malted Milk Company, Racine, Wis.
* Horlick's Malted Milk. (See Borden's.)
Imperial Granum Company, New Haven, Connecticut. (D) Imperial Granum — The Great Prepared Food. (Practically a partially roasted flour. Exag- gerated claims as to its value as a food for in- fants and invalids. Especially does it contain too much starch for an infant's food.)
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, Illinois.
* Condensed Milk, Sweetened. (Contains ahout 44
per cent, of sucrose. No reference found to in- fant feeding.) (N) Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, Unsweetened. (A good whole milk hut condensation not carried quite far enough. Six samples averaged 7.7 per cent, of fat and only ahout 26 of solids.)
Mead, Johnson and Company, Jersey City, N. J. (N) Mead's Dextri-Maltose — Malt Sugar. (Essen- tially a mixture of dextrin and maltose, pre- pared hy enzymic action, not considered a de-
CANNED GOODS 69
sirable substitute for lactose in modifying milk for infant feeding in normal conditions,)
Mellin's Food Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Mellin's Food. (A dried mMt extract from wheat and barley, mostly maltose with some dextrin. Superior to some infant's foods, in that it does not contain starch, but it is not a ^'true substitute for mother's milk," even when combined with milk as recommended,)
Merrell Soule Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
(D) Klim. (This is really a dried skimmed milk for cooking purposes, contains only 0.21 per cent, of fat, while a similar whole milk preparation would contain 30 per cent. This is milk spelled backwards in more ways than one; claim '^For all cooking where milk is needed'' not war- ranted,)
Mohawk Condensed Milk Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Sweet Clover Brand, Sweetened Condensed Milk. (A good product containing standard amounts of fat and solids but is nearly half sucrose and still claims to be the '^most perfect sub- stitute for mother's milk," which contains none,)
Ncstl6, Henri, 99 Chambers Street, New York, N. Y. (N) Nestle 's Food. {Contains some starch but has a good content of fat, protein and soluble carbo- hydrates. Not a '^perfect nutriment for in- fants" as claimed,)
60 1001 TESTS
Pacific Coast Condensed Milk Company, Seattle, Wash. (N) Carnation Brand Sterilized Evaporated Milk. {Made of whole milk but insufficiently con- densed. Is very low in total solids but good fat content. Extravagant claims as to quality,)
Patch, The E. L., Company, Boston, Mass.
* Patch 's Powdered Sugar of Milk. (A pure lactose or milk sugar for modifying the milk for feed- ing of infants,)
Smith, Kline and French, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Eskay's Albumenized Food. {Contains too much starch to be used for an infant's food. Claim that it is ^^albumenized/' and is the ^^m^st nu- tritious, most palatable food upon the m^irket," not warranted as protein is low,)
Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, Ind. (N) Evaporated Milk, Sterilized, uncolored, unsweet- ened. {Not ^^a perfect food for infants'' as claimed. Apparently a whole milk but con- densation not carried far enough, to give stand- ard amount of total solids,)
SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC.
No soups are high in nutritive value as they con- tain so large a percentage of water, but they have a dietetic value notwithstanding. The soups ap- proved by chemical analysis, odor, flavor and con- dition of the can gave evidence of having been prepared in a sanitary way from good materials, but the highest rating was not accorded these products because it is impossible to determine defi- nitely from such inspection the quality of the raw materials used.
The meat extracts and bouillon cubes have been included in connection with the soups, for con- venience, though, of course, they are not, strictly speaking, canned goods. It cannot be too often repeated that neither a meat extract nor a beef cube represents concentrated nourishment. On the contrary, the bouillon cubes especially contain large amounts of salt and the nitrogenous princi- ples present are stimulative rather than nutritious. For flavoring a cup of hot water, to take the place of a clear consommg, or to be used in the kitchen for flavoring purposes, they are useful and e^n-
61
1001 TESTS
venient. They should never be depended upon for a child's luncheon or for nourishment for an in- valid.
TESTED SOUPS, EXTRACTS, BOUILLON CUBES, ETC.
Armour and Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Extract of Beef.
(N) Bouillon Cubes. (Salt high — 67 per cent., claims mildly objectionable, not a '' satisfying substi- tute for a heavy lunch/' etc)
Beardsley's Sons, J. W., New York, N. Y.
(N) Yegex, A vegetable extract. (A yeast extract of good odor and flavor containing 35 per cent, of nitrogenous material, not all of which however is protein. Value is stimulative rather than nutritive, as in all such products. Claim '^ex- tremely high food value'' is therefore mislead- ing.)
Bumhaih, E. L., Company, New York, N. Y.
* Clam Bouillon. (Not '^ highly'' concentrated as
claimed.)
Campbell, Joseph, Company, Camden, N. S'.
* Condensed Soup, Asparagus.
* Condensed Soup, Beef.
'A' Condensed Soup, Bouillon.
* Condensed Soup, Celery. -k Condensed Soup, Chicken.
CANNED GOODS
* Condensed Soup, Chicken Gumbo.
* Condensed Soup, Clam Chowder. ic Condensed Soup, Consomme.
ic Condensed Soup, Julienne.
* Condensed Soup, Mulligatawny.
* Campbell's Mock Turtle Soup. i^ Condensed Soup, Mutton Broth.
* Campbell's Ox Tail Soup.
* Condensed Soup, Pea.
"A' Condensed Soup, Printanier. ii: Condensed Soup, Tomato Okra. "At Condensed Soup, Tomato.
* Condensed Soup, Vegetable.
* Condensed Soup, Vermicelli.
Cudahy Packing Company, South Omaha, Nebr.
(N) Extract of Beef. (Not ''the best'' though it has a good nitrogen content — coagulable nitrogen not in extract at all — finished product does not ^'represent about 45 lbs. of lean meat to 1 pound of solid extract/' in nutritive value.)
Franco-American Food Company, Jersey City, N. T.
* Clear Oxtail Soup.
* Puree of Tomato.
-*- Clear Vegetable Soup.
Hoyt, W. M., Company, Chicago, Illinois. -A- Tours Truly Condensed Tomato Soup.
Knorr, C. H., Germany.
(N) Barley, Knorr Soup. (Solid sowp tablets; Cdi(n'
64 1001 TESTS
venieni and wholesome, serving a useful pur- pose for campers, etc, hut lacking in flavor and appetizing odor; bouillon cuies dboui like Steero — no false nutrition claims, statement applies to whole output,) 'k Bouillon Consomme.
(N) Cabbage.
(N) Egg Quodlibet.
(N) Green Pea.
(N) YeUow Pea.
(N) Mock Turtle.
(N) Mushroom.
(N) Mutton Broth.
(N) Onion.
(N) Oxtail.
(N) Petite Marmit^.
(N) Potato.
(N) Regina.
(N) Tapioca Julienne.
(N) Tomato.
Libby, McNeill and Libby.
* Concentrated Oxtail Soup. -A- Concentrated Tomato Soup.
* Concentrated Vegetable Soup. Liebig's Extract of Meat Company, London.
(N) Liebig's Extract of Meat. {An excellent product not starred solely because of advertisements advocating its addition to milk for children.
CANNED GOODS 65
claims as to increasing the assimilation of milk, etc, deemed most misleading and undesir- able.) (N) Liebig Company's 0X0 Bouillon Cubes. (Cor- neille David and Company, Distributors, New York, N. Y.) (Claims ^' strengthening' ' ^'a meal in a minute,'' etc., misleading, although composition is good for this class of products.)
National Pure Food Company, 149 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. (N) Puro Soup — Beef. (Powdered — >same comment
as on Knurr's.) (N) Puro Soup — Chicken. (N) Puro Soup — Green Turtle. (N) Puro Soup — ^Lentil. (N) Puro Soup — ^Vegetable.
Richardson and Robbing, Dover, Delaware.
* Chicken Soup. Royal Specialty Company.
* Anker's Bouillon Capsulei.
SchiefFelin and Company, New York, N. Y.
"At Steero Bouillon Cubes. (Very good composition — nutrition claims withdraum, salt content rela- tively moderate and presence declared on label.)
66 1001 TESTS
TESTED CANNED VEGETABLES
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Asparagus, Sun Beam Pure Food, California. 'A' Beans, Lima Scottish Chief Green, Extra.
(N) Beans, Stringless Broadway Brand. {Slack fill,
11 oz, solids found, 13 called for,) i^ Corn, Republic Sugar. "At Corn, Scottish Chief Sweet.
* Peas, Scottish Chief Sifted Early June.
* Peas, Republic Sifted Early June.
Boyle, John, Company, Baltimore, Md.
* Spinach, Victory Brand Early Garden.
* Spinach, Glenmore Early Pall.
* String Beans, Victory Brand.
* Tomatoes, Glenmore Brand. Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., Freehold, N. J.
^ Beans, Lima, Sinclare Brand.
California Fruit Canners' Association, San Francisco, Cal.
* Asparagus Tips, Del Monte Green.
* Asparagus, Del Monte Brand Extra Quality Co-
lossal Green. Cresca Company, New York, N. Y. (Packed in France.)
* Artichokes, Cresca, Whole French Natural.
* Artichoke Bottoms, Oresca Extra. {Tendency to
short weight,) 'A' Mushrooms, Cresca Stuffed^ ic Mushrooms, Powdered,
CANNED GOODS 67
DeGrofF, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y. i^ Peas, Health Brand Sifted Early June. ir Corn, Health Brand Food Products, Sweet. "Ar Spinach, Good Honest Brand. (N) Stringless Beans, Good Honest Brand. (Slack fill — 11 oz, solids, 13 oz, called for.)
Dunbar, G. W., Sons Company, New Orleans, La.
* Okra and Tomatoes, Fresh.
Frederick City Packing Company, Frederick City, Md.
* Succotash, Pride of the Valley.
Green Bay Canning Company, Green Bay, "Wis.
(D) Beets, Lazarre Brand Blood Eed, Table. {Plain can — all heets, should be in enameled container — tin content too high though within legal lim- its.)
Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y. ir Corn, Milford Brand Extra Standard Tender Creamy Sweet.
Haserot Canneries Company, The, Cleveland, Ohio.
* Kornlet.
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
ir Pork and Beans, Oven Baked. (Not enough pork to warrant n^ime,)
* Beans, Baked with Pork and Tomato Sauce. i^ Beans, Baked in Tomato Sauce without Pork. "k Kidney Beans, Baked.
68 1001 TESTS
Illinois Canning Company, The, Hoopeston, 111.
* Kidney Beang, Joan of Arc.
Koenig and Schuster, New York, N. Y.
* Lima Beans, Queen Tiny.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Beans, Nabob Lima. "A" Corn, Premier Brand.
(N) Peas, Premier Kun of the Garden. (Slack fill — 49 per cent, liquid, 33 per cent, is a good fill.) (N) Spinach. Nabob. {Slack fill — about twice the amount of water necessary.) Liss, George and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Peas, The Highwood Extra Sifted Early June. Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Asparagus, Special Extra.
* Asparagus, California.
* Pork and Beans. (Tendency to short weight; too
little pork to justify name.)
* Pork and Beans, with Tomato Sauce. (Too little
pork to justify name.) iir Sauer Kraut, Hanover Brand.
Mcllhenny Company, Avery Island, La.
* Tabasco Brand Whole Okra. Middendorf and Rohrs, New York, N. Y.
* Lima Beans, Fairfield Brand.
* Lima Beans, Dellf ord Brand Tiny.
* Lima Beans, Nectar Brand Green. -k Beets, Fairfield Brand.
CANNED GOODS 69
Numsen, William and Sons, Inc., Baltimore, Md., and
Benesso, 111. (D) Pumpkin, Clipper Brand. {Tin too high, over
1000 mg,) North Maine Packing Company, Corinna, Maine.
* Lentils, Royal Brand Finest Quality, Imported,
in Tomato Sauce.
Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y.
(N) Beans, Refugee. {Tin too high, though within
permitted limits; too much water.) 'At Beets, Garden.
* Corn, Sweet, Baby Kernel.
* Peas, Burt Olney 's Sifted Early June. ir Spinach, Garden.
Phillips Packing Company, Cambridge, Md.
* Peas, Golden Rule Brand, Early June.
Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
* Corn, White Rose Brand.
* Peas, White Rose Brand Sweet Wrinkled.
* Peas, Savoy Brand.
* Spinach, White Rose Brand Fancy Cleansed.
{Tendency to short weight hut a good fill,) (N) String Beans, Checker Brand. {Slack fill— 11 oz. of solids found, 13 oz, called for,)
* Succotash, Warfield Brand. Siegel-Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Stringless Beans, Milford Brand. {Slack fill — 11 oz, found, 13 oz. called for.)
70 1001 TESTS
Sills, John S., and Sons, New York, N. Y. it Corn, Epicure Sugar. (N) Peas, Epicure Early Sifted. {Short weight and
too much water, 40 per cent., only 33 per cent,
needed,) :Ar Tomatoes, Liberty Brand.
Twitchell-Champlin Co., Portland, Maine, and Boston, Mass. (D) Hatchet Brand Lima Beans. (Sub-lahel, ^^ Packed from dried California lima beans/' but picture of green pods on label is misleading, and it is not permissible to correct a wrong label by a sub-label. Should be called ^^ Hatchet Brand, Soaked Dried Lima Beans,'' Wholesome, but inferior to green product and it is a question- able procedure economically, to can dried beans.) Van Camp Packing Company, The, Indianapolis, In- diana. ^ Hominy, Van Camp's Hulled Corn. it Pork and Beans, prepared with tomato sauce.
{Too little pork,) it Pork and Beans, Plain. {Too little pork,) Webster, Fred L., Adams, New York.
it Spinach, Webster's Brand Cultivated. White, John F., Mt. Morris, N. Y.
it Sweet Com, Sweet Violet Brand, Choicest. Williams, R. C, and Company, New York, N. Y. it Com, Royal Scarlet, Evergreen.
CANNED GOODS 71
* Peas, Royal Scarlet, Early Sweet. if Spinach, Robin Hood Brand. (D) String Beans, Economy Brand Refugee. {Nearly y^ water. Very slack fill.)
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111.
it Pork and Beans, Yours Truly. (Too litth pork.)
VI
CEEEALS AND CEEEAL PRODUCTS BREAKFAST FOODS
MANY are the letters received in regard to the cereal breakfast foods, especially for chil- dren's use. One mother writes me: **Two small youngsters are anxiously awaiting your opinion in regard to their favorite shredded wheat, grape nuts, and post toasties." With few exceptions, a general statement will serve to give the facts in regard to all of the leading brands of cereal products and breakfast foods sold in packages. They are nutritious, cleanly products, contain- ing the greater part of the nutriment of the grain and in some cases all of it. They are put up in a sanitary package and are convenient, and afford variety. You do not get anywhere near as much nutrition for the same amount of money as when you buy the simple grains, such as whole wheat, cornmeal, oatmeal, etc., in bulk. If you realize this, however, and are willing to pay for the convenience and variety, there is no reason why they should not be used. The conuneal and
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 73
oatmeal are somewhat heavy and heating, so that unless a person is doing heavy, physical work, it might be well to use a less concentrated food. The whole wheat and the old fashioned oatmeal and commeal can never be surpassed or equaled as wholesome economic foods, giving the greatest amount of nutriment for the smallest amount of money. It must be remembered that the amount of nutrition present is not the only point involved in wholesomeness and the coarser form of the natural grains and the presence of bran have a beneficial effect upon the bowels as well as furnish- ing additional mineral ingredients.
The processing of foods by ^^predigesting'* and grinding, in my opinion, renders them relatively less wholesome though not less nutritious, inas- much as performing the work of the teeth and the digestive organs for them decreases their activity and in time affects their functioning if it is car- ried too far. Nevertheless, the moderate use of the package cereals is an undoubted boon under our present conditions of life and they may fill a valuable and convenient place in the dietary, if not used exclusively.
The most serious charge to be brought against package cereals is the exaggerated claims made for their nutritive value. One becomes confused
74» 1001 TESTS
among so many products, each one of which is *'the richest in nourishment," *Hhe most easily di- gested, even by chronic invalids," 'immediately converted into muscle and brain activity," etc., etc. Oatmeal is the heaviest of cereals and still so excel- lent a brand as Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal claims to be **Good for invalids and those with weak stomachs," merely because it is thoroughly cooked.
**The road to Wellville" is to be traveled by eat- ing Grape Nuts, a meaningless name applied to a mixture of cooked barley and wheat. The an- alysis of this product shows it to contain a very fair amount of protein, about 11 per cent., with an equal amount of sugar, and no more mineral in- gredients than any wheat and barley mixture should have. There are no ''brain foods" as such. It is a great pity for these products to be burdened with such senseless exaggerations as to leave the consumer in the dark as to the rela- tive merits of different grains and the special con- ditions under which they should be used.
TESTED BREAKFAST FOODS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (Z>), rated at 75 and lesa; see Introduction and pa^^ xxriii for dstails as to method of ratin^^.)
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 75
Cream of Wheat Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
^ Cream of Wheat. {Germ and hran of the wheat removed, a commendable product, hut name somewhat misleading,)
Farwell and Rhines, Watertown, N. Y.
(N) Barley Crystals. {Name meaningless. The whole grains are represented to he irritating and un- desirahle, giving a false impression.)
(D) Cresco Grits. {Three packages showed insect in- fection. Claims to he ^'virtually free from hran or germ/' ^^the fermenting elements of grain/' misleading, as the whole grain is a better ^^ waste repairing food/')
Five Kernels Food Company, The, Detroit, Michigan. (N) The Five Food Kernels. {A mixture of different grains. Contains less nutriment than a good oatmeal, less mineral than a whole wheat. Over burdened with such claims as this, ^^A more strengthening food than meat and po- tatoes/' etc.)
H. O- Company, The, Buffalo, N. T. * Hornby's Steam Cooked Oatmeal. (N) Force. {Good product; had claims; not espe- cially ^^good for indigestion"; amount of ^'bar- ley mMt" used would not add any notable di- gestive properties; ''No other cereal is as nu^ tritious/' misleading.)
76 1001 TESTS
Hygienic Food Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. (N) Mapl-Flake. The Whole "Wheat. {Not a true whole wheat. Low in nitrogen with an addi- tional amount of hran added. Not enough maple present to warrant name, A good prod- uct over-hurdened with claims.)
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Jireh Diatetic Wheat Nuts. (Contains 50 per cent, of starch; claims to be a correct diet for diabetes, gout, rheumatism, etc., starch too high, and statement ^^ proper proportion of carbohy- drates^' is evasive; amounts should be stated for protection of patient. Value of the change made in the starch is problemutic)
Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company, Battle Creek, Michigan. -k Kellogg 's Toasted Corn Flakes.
* Toasted Wheat Biscuit. {Claims as to special
process and retaining all of the vital elements of the whole wheat are somewhat overdrawn. Probably extra bran added.)
National Oats Company, St. Louis, Mo.
* National Oats. (Slightly exaggerated claims as
to special nutritive value.)
Postimi Cereal Company, Battle Creek, Mich.
* Post Toasties.
(N) Grape Nuts. {Claims a$ to nutritive value ex-
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 77
aggerated; not a brain or nerve food in any special sense, name misleading,)
Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, 111.
* Quaker Puffed Wheat.
(N) Quaker Toasted Corn Flakes. (Good hut not the whole grain. Claims ^^We retain all the val- uable health and strength giving elements/' but is largely starchy part of corn; minerals and proteins low.) i^ Quaker Puffed Rice. (Slightly exaggerated state- ments as to ease of digestion and assimilation. Recommended for dyspeptics, delicate children, etc.)
(N) Quaker Rolled White Oats. (Excellent product for which impossible claims are made. Is not ^^The best oat meal made.'' Others are as good. Is not ^^ better in quality and flavor than any cereal food made.'') 'A' Fancy Grits, Granulated Hominy.
Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, Mo.
* Ralston Wheat Food.
Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas.
it Cereal, Comet Brand. Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
* White Rose Brand Hominy.
Shredded Wheat Company, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
* Shredded Wheat. (Truly the whole wheat.)
78 1001 TESTS
Tyler, Byron, Kansas City, Missouri.
(N) Raw Food. (A mixture of ground wJteaf, ground nuts, whole raisins and oil, the latter some- what rancid, A product not adapted to gen- eral merchandising, and most extravagant claims made as to the effects and desirability of raw food,)
Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Company, Omalia, Ne- braska. (D) Uncle Sam Health Pood. {A mixture of flaked wheat and ground flaxseed, flavored with salt and a trace of celery seed. A harmless and nutritious mixture, 19 per cent, fat, and 19 per cent, protein, having laxative value, with such extravagant claims as *^ A perfectly balanced ra- tion.^' ^'Rheumatism also asthma, are re- lieved, as well as kidney and bladder disorders.'' '^ Endorsed by leading physicians everywhere.'' ^'A substitute for meat, ready to eat," etc.)
United Cereal Mills Ltd., Quincy, HI.
* Washington Crisps.
Wheatena Company, The, Rahway, N. J. ic Wheatena.
Yours Truly Company, The, Chicago, Illinois.
* Tours Truly Certified Rolled Oats.
FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS
The main points to be considered in regard to a flour are that it should not be bleached by poison- ous chemicals to produce an unnatural whiteness (and in attaining this ideal the housekeeper can help much by increasing the demand for the creamy loaf, instead of the one that is unnaturally white), the presence of the proper amount of nitro- gen and mineral ingredients, fair weight and agreement with the label. More expensive flours such as buckwheat and rye are sometimes adulter- ated with others costing less. It is only the patent or the white flours, of course, which are bleached. In regard to the graham or whole wheat flours, there is much confusion and much difficulty in get- ting the true article. The trade, almost without exception, understands an *' entire wheat" flour to be a flour between the patent and the graham, that is to say, some of the bran has been removed and it is more finely ground than the graham but coarser than the white. It is an intermediate product. Plainly this is an established trade mis- nomer, as the flour of the *^ entire wheat" should be just that, the entire wheat unbolted — and should
79
80 1001 TESTS
be the same as a true graham flour. Graham flour is not only brown in color, consisting of the whole wheat, including the bran with its additional pro- tein and mineral ingredients, but it is an unbolted, coarsely ground product, which has a health value, in its effect upon the intestines apart from the question of nutrition. Here we have a funda- mental difficulty involving long established trade conditions. The flour is separated into many dif- ferent portions in the mill and the tendency is to reassemble the different products of the mill and combine them, giving many different grades of so- called graham flour, instead of coarsely grinding the unbolted whole grain as should be done. Of course, one may artificially make up a graham flour that will closely approach the composition of the true article, but it is easy to see how many varia- tions will occur under these conditions, and too often excessive amounts of bran and low grade flour are combined to pass as graham or ** whole wheat. '* The graham flours which have been starred in the following list are of high ash (min- eral) and nitrogen content and comply with the standard for a true graham.
The two other classes of products calling for comment are the so-called self -rising flours and the gluten flours. Th^ golf-rising mixtures oontain
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 81
large amounts of baking powder, usually, whieli, in my opinion, is objectionable and you pay, of course, for the mere convenience of having some one add the baking powder to your flour for you. I cannot look with much favor upon these artificial mixtures. The claims for them are usually over- stated and you pay a large price for the relative convenience afforded. They cannot be said to be objectionable, however, except on this score and the fact of the large amount of baking powder present.
The so-called gluten flours, from which all or a large part of the starch is supposed to have been removed to fit them especially for diabetics and others who cannot readily digest starch, have been much abused in labeling and the buyer has been led to believe that the product was virtually free from starch, when such is not the case. Labels should be carefully read and the amount of starch present should be declared on them to protect diabetics and those whose starch supply must be carefully con- trolled.
TESTED FLOURS, MEALS, AND BRANS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products {D), rated at 75 and less; se^ Introduction and pa^e xxyiii for details as to method of rating.)
82 1001 TESTS
Christian Company, The, New York City.
(D) Vieno Bran. {'' Nature's remedy for constipa- tion, stomach and intestinal trouble'' mislead- ing. In abnormal conditions of stomach and intestines it might be irritating. Good for con- stipation, but better to take bran as found tn the whole grain, rather than to use it for medi- cation in large quantities.)
(N) Vieno-Self -Raising Bran Meal. {Not sufficient nitrogen and mineral ingredients for a first- class bran meal; not enough leavening to be called self-raising.)
Davis Milling Company, St. Joseph, Mo.
(N) Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake Flour, Self Ris- ing. (Bather extravagant claims and too large an amount of baking powder.) Duluth Superior Milling Company, Superior, Wis- consin. * Duluth Imperial Patent Flour.
Ekenberg Company, Cortland, N. Y.
(N) Teco Brand Self-Rising Mixture of Buckwheat, Wheat and Corn Flour with Malted Butter- milk. (Large amount of baking powder pres- ent. Claims of superiority and value of malted buttermilk present questionable.) (N) Teco Brand Self -Rising Pancake Flour, a mix- ture of Malted Buttermilk (powdered) with wheat and corn flour. (Large amount of hah-
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 83
ing powder present. Amount of malted iutter- milk smMl.) (N) Teco Brand Buttermilk Boston Brown Bread Flour. {Amount of taking powder present rather large. Claims as to amount of "butter- milk present dubious,)
Farwell and Rhines, Watertown, N. T.
i^ Pure Wheat Product — Creseo Flour.
-k Pure Wheat Product — Gluten Flour. Forest Home Farm, Purcellvillej Va.
* Forest Home Corn Meal. Franklin Mills Company, Batavia, N. Y.
* Franklin Mills Flour. A fine flour, of the entire
wheat with a part of the bran removed. {Not a true graham — a typical commercial ^^ entire wheat" truthfully labeled,)
Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
* Fountain Brand Whole Wheat Flour. {A little
of coarser bran removed as indicated by a rather low ash content; nitrogen good — a high grade wheat.)
* Fountain Brand Patent Flour.
Hecker Cereal Company, New York City.
* Hecker 's Pure White Wheat Graham Flour. {Ash
content {mineral ingredient Sy due to bran) good, but nitrogen rather low.)
84 1001 TESTS
Hccker- Jones- Jewell, Milling Company.
(N) Superlative Self-Raising Flour Compound. (Slightly short weight; amount of haking pow- der rather high, though less than any other self -raising flour examined. A good flour of its kind,)
Igleheart Brothers, Evansville, Indiana.
(N) Swans Down Prepared Cake Flour. (A white flour low in nitrogen and gluten and so better adapted to cake making than bread making. Claims regarding special secret process and *^best ingredients of the wheaf not war- ranted.)
* Swans Down Cracked Wheat.
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Jireh Flour.
(D) Jireh Diatetic Patent Barley. (Claim special value for diabetics; 60 per cent, and 67 per cent, of starch respectively present; mislead- ing and might be dangerous.) Johnson Educator Food Company, Boston, Mass.
* Educator Packed Whole Wheat Flour. (Nitro-
gen and ash figures are just within minimum limits for a true whole wheat. Either a Uttle bran removed or the wheat was not so '^high grade' ^ as claimed.)
* Educator Packed Cold Ground New Process Rye
Meal. (A good product but slightly short weight.)
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 85
Knox-Crutchfield, Richmond, Va.
* Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia Cornmeal.
Northern Light Milling Company, Owatomna, Min- nesota. (N) Northern Light Brand Compound Self-rising Buck- wheat Flour and Wheat Flour. {Large amount of phosphate talcing powder. Product said to he '^The best ever used or money refunded,'')
Northwestern ConsolidatecJ Milling Company, Min- neapolis, Minn. (N) Ceresota Flour. (A good patent flour, but claims that it makes more bread to the barrel and is more nutritious than other patent flours, in- accurate.)
Pillsbury Flour Mills Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
• PiUsbury's Flour Best XXXX.
Purina Mills, St. Louis, Mo.
"At Purina Whole Wheat Flour. {A commercial, so^ called ^'entire wheat" from which the bran has been partially removed, as stated on label. Not a true graham. A medium flour between the patent and the true ''whole wheat/')
Roman Meal Company, Tacoma, U. S. A.
(D) Roman Meal. (Product consists largely of bran, some ground wheat, and probably rye and a small quantity of flaxseed; Claims — to ''cure constipation" and "is the most nourishing food sold" as wM; to contain "Flaxose, a secret
86 1001 TESTS
preparation hy which pure ground flax is partly digested and deprived entirely of its disagreeable odor and taste/' etc. Claims ex- travagant, though product is nutritious and would tend to prevent constipation.)
Russell-Miller Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
(N) Occident Flour. {A first-class patent flour hut does not make ^^a better Iread than that from any other flour'' as claimed.)
Potter and Wrightington, Boston, Mass.
(D) Old Grist Mill Brand Flour, for health bread. {Exaggerated claims: Not a remedy for dys- pepsia; apoplexy, Bright 's disease, etc., not due to white bread; contains but little more nourishment than the best patent. Lacking in the bran necessary to substa^itiate claims that it is a remedy for constipation. Considerable insect infection of sample examined.)
Sands, Taylor and Wood Company, Minnesota.
(N) King Arthur Flour. {Sample examined was a first-class patent flour. Misleadingly branded, as this company are Boston jobbers and prod- uct appears to be manufactured by them in Minnesota. ) Shane Brothers and Wilson Company.
* Golden Touch King Midas Flour. {Meaningless claim ^^The highest price flour in America and
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 87
worth all it costs/' Has no advantage over other standard patents.) Siegel-Cooper Company, N. Y.
* Fountain Graham Flour. Southwestern Milling Company, The,
* Aristos (flour).
Washburn-Crosby Company, Minneapolis^ Minn.
* Gold Medal Flour.
RICE
The great point of interest in regard to rice is whether or not it is coated with talc or glucose which under the law is a practice that must be de- clared on the label, as the coating may conceal in- feriority, and the housekeeper should be warned to wash such a rice thoroughly.
Eice may be white, having lost the outer brown- ish skin, and yet be uncontaminated with glucose and talc, and truthfully labeled as ^^uncoated,'' but should not be called ^'unpolished," as it is not the whole rice, the outer brown coat containing ad- ditional protein and mineral having been removed in the mechanical polishing process. It is claimed that beriberi, a very dangerous disease, is pro- duced when white rice forms practically the whole of the diet, as it does in the Far East. While there is no reason to fear this where rice forms only a part of the diet and the necessary minerals and proteins are obtained from other sources, it shows that important food elements are lost in peeling the rice and that this practice tends further to *'demineralize" the food supply.
88
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 89
TESTED RICES
Fischer, B., and Company, New York, N. T.
* Hotel Astor Rice — Invalid's Pood. Uncoated. {Not a whole rice hut a good uncoated product, correctly labeled^ mineral ingredients 0.37 per cent.)
Carque, Otto, Los Angeles, Cal.
'k Carque 's Natural Whole Rice. {A true hrown whole rice, 1.25 per cent, of mineral ingred- ients.)
Kimball and Marxsen Rice Products Company, Chi- cago, 111. (N) White Swan Milk Rice, Granulated. (Some milh present but claims *'In food value ranks higher than any other cereal/' '^A perfect food for children and for the sick and convalescent, for which it has no equal;'' ^'accepted when all other foods are rejected," etc., not warranted.)
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y. i^ Natural Brown Rice. (A true whole rice, 1.03 per^ cent, of mineral ingredients.)
McFadden-Wiess-Kyle Rice Milling Company, Beau- mont, Texas. (D) Apex Brand, Unpolished. (An ^'uncoated" rice hut claims made as to food value and great amount of nitrogen not warranted. Not an
90 1001 TESTS
^^unpeeled'' rice; it is polished, containing only 0.4 per cent, of mineral ingredients.)
Seaboard Rice Milling Company, Galveston, Texas.
* Natural Brown Comet Brand Rice. (A true un- polished rice containing a few grains, not of the best quality. Extravagant claims formerly made with misleading statements as to rice 6e- in^ ^Hhe most nutritious and easily digested of all cereals/' etc., have been corrected.)
lAr Rice, Comet Brand Unkoted. {A polished rice, not coated. Excessive claims formerly made as to its being richest in elements of food value, ^^ nothing added, nothing taJten away,'' ^^most nutritious and easily digested of all cereals, etc.," have been withdrawn. Saving been pol- ished the outer coating had been taken away, as shown by the content of mineral ingredients, which was only 0.43 per cent., whereas the brown rice of the same brand contained 1.22 per cent, of ash. Two typical products now intelligently labeled.)
SPAGHETTI AND MACARONI
The wheat products made from the partially bolted and finely ground flour of hard glutinous wheat, and molded into various shapes, whether tubular, flat or cylindrical, are known as macaroni and spaghetti accordingly as they are of the larger or smaller variety. These products are excellent from the viewpoint of nutrition, palatability and economy. In some cases the ash (mineral ingredi- ents) and nitrogen content indicate that a very large portion of the wheat grain has been utilized. For health purposes it would be advisable, if tech- nically possible, to make macaroni out of the whole wheat When combined with tomato and cheese the dish is not only more palatable, but the amount of nourishment is increased and we have a better balanced ration. While the macaroni contains considerable protein, it is largely a starchy food and the cheese rounds out the ration adding more protein and fat, while the tomato gives flavor and vegetable acids. There is a rumor going about that one should never combine acids with starchy food. This is based on the fact that the digestion of starch begins in the mouth by the action of the saliva but is checked by the presence of the acid.
91
92 1001 TESTS
While this is theoretically true, the extent to which starch digestion is suspended in the stomach is well known. The work of the saliva begins again in the small intestine activated by the pancreatic secretion.
In some cases, eggs are incorporated with the wheat flour, which further increases the nutritive value of this food. The lecithin of the egg is especially important. Efforts to sell lecithin products in artificial preparations and as tonics are of dubious efficacy and the public will do much better to depend upon eggs, whole wheat and nuts for their lecithin. Unfortunately some manufac- turers simulate the presence of egg by artificial color. This practice is wholly disreputable, and the misleading use of the word ^* egg'' in the brand or name of the product cannot be ethically coun- terbalanced by the statement that there is no egg present. The claim that egg is used is substanti- ated by determining the notable increase in the lecithin components of the product. The con- sumption of macaronis might well be increased with advantage to the consumer from the point of view of both nutrition and economy.
CEREALS AND CEREAL PRODUCTS 93
TESTED SPAGHETTI AND MACARONI
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Cleveland Macaroni Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
(D) Golden Egg Alphabets, contain no egg. (Mis- branded, not permissible to misname a product and make subsequent correction,)
(N) Golden Egg Brand Macaroni. Contain no egg, (Brand name slightly misleading. Composi- tion good — extravagant claims as to supe- riority,)
Foulds Milling Company, Cincinnati and Chicago. ir Fould's Macaroni.
* Fould's Spaghetti.
Freihofer's Vienna Baking Company, Philadelphia, Pa. ^ Freihofer's Egg Macaroni. {Egg present in small amount.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Spaghetti — L'ltalienne. (Canned, with tomato
sauce, ready for eating; contains 82 per cent, of moisture,)
Jireh Diabetic Food Company, New York, N. Y.
"A" Macaroni. (A good macaroni but has 58% of starch, not for diabetics, tvo special claim mad^
94 1001 TESTS
in this regard, though the name of the com- pany might be misleading.)
Maull Brothers, St. Louis, Mo.
* Faust Brand Spaghetti.
Mueller, C. F. Company, Jersey City, N. J.
* Spaghetti.
Van Camp Packing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. i^ Spaghetti — Italian Style. {A canned spaghetti, contains 76 per cent, of moisture.)
Woodcock Macaroni Company, Rochester, N. Y. (N) Woodcock Macaroni. {Excessive claims as to spe- cial food value etc.; is a very good product containing slightly more mineral ingredients than is usual.)
Yours Truly Company, Distributors, Chicago, HI. -A- Yours Truly Macaroni Short Cuts.
* Yours Truly Spaghetti.
vn
CONDIMENTS
THE spices are examined to determine whether they come up to the established standards, are true to name, free from starch, hulls or other neutral adulterants which detract from the flavor, and are full weight. Considerable trouble is ex- perienced on the latter score, especially on small packages, due in some cases it is said to the dry- ing out of the mixture, and it is held that this should be allowed for. The loss of weight, how- ever, should not always fall upon the consumer, even small weight packages should average the weight declared on the container, some packages running above and some below the required amounts. Of the compounded condiments, tomato catsup is probably of the most general interest and has been the product most adulterated. The use of benzoate of soda in these catsups has been fiercely contested, but has been abandoned by prac- tically all well known manufacturers, with the exception of the Curtice Brothers. It has been proved that if clean, fresh, raw material is used
9$
96 1001 TESTS
and handled quickly in a sanitary way with com- plete sterilization there is no danger of spoilage and no need of an injurious chemical preservative. The chemically preserved products are also of lower quality because they can be made to keep with less concentration and when you buy a benzo- ated catsup you usually buy more water. The benzoated samples examined contained from 14 to 21 per cent, of solids while some of the leading brands depending on sterilization and concentra- tion only ran as high as 33 to 38 per cent. Watch the label and see if benzoate of soda is declared.
The prepared salad dressings vary greatly in character. None of them compares in quality with a home-made mayonnaise. They are often thick- ened with starch or gum and artificially colored with turmeric or a coal tar dye to make up for the egg that is not there. Frequently no oil or ^gg at all is to be found. The two samples admitted to the star list contained egg and 35 and 50 per cent. of oil, were not artificially colored, and did not depend upon gum and starch for their thickening. They are probably as good products of the kind as are to be found. A salad dressing containing neither oil nor egg is not considered worthy of the name, though it may not be injurious.
The vinegars reported were tested carefiilly, to
CONDIMENTS 97
determine whether or not they were true to name and had the amount of acetic acid required by the standard. While the fermented vinegars made from cider, apples, wine or grapes are of the choicest quality, having a finer flavor, the malt, sugar and glucose products or the distilled vine- gars made from grains, if they are properly labeled and honestly sold, have legitimate uses. The housekeeper has a right to vinegar of a certain established strength. She can add water herself if the product is too acid. There is no reason why she should pay the manufacturer for water. A diluted acetic acid is not vinegar any more than diluted alcohol is wine. The original material from which the vinegar is fermented is what gives it its distinctive flavor and delicacy. There is no reason why the cheaper vinegars, such as spirit, distilled or grain vinegar, should not be used for pickling and in mixtures, if they are properly labeled and sold for a lower price. The artificial coloring of colorless vinegars, such as the spirit and glucose products, to give them the appearance of the cider and wine vinegars, is of course fraud- ulent. The housekeeper can do much to protect herself by carefully reading the labels and by not buying a product that is evasively branded or which declares artificial color.
98 1001 TESTS
TESTED CONDIMENTS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {'S) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Sunbeam Pure Food Tomato Catsup. {No hen-
zoate, no artificial coloring and contains 30 per cent, of solids.)
Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y. ^ Oscar's Sauce.
* Tomato Catsup. (25 per cent, of solids.) Bell, Wm. G., Company, Boston, Mass.
'k Poultry Seasoning.
Colbum, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Allspice.
* Celery Salt. it Cinnamon.
ic Cloves. (Above minimum standard.) if: Curry Powder.
* Ginger.
* Leaf Peppermint Cooking Herbs. it Leaf Savory.
ic Leaf Sweet Basil.
* Leaf Thyme. it Mace.
* Madras Turmeric.
* Mustard.
CONDIMENTS 99
i*r Nutmeg. (Aiove minimum standard,)
^ Paprika.
i*r Pepper, Black, Natuna Brand. (Was aboui 4 per
cent, above minimum standard,) it Pepper, Red. lAr Pepper, White. (Was about 4 per cent, abov^
minimum standard,) ii^ Onion Salt. i( Pastry Spice.
* Sage, Rubbed.
* Spiced Poultry Seasoning. 'k Sweet Marjoram.
{A good line of spices complying with the standards. Some are slightly above the mini- mum standard but the following extravagant claims can not be approved: ^'The standard goods of America, guaranteed of the finest qual- ity, absolutely pure, and far superior to the standard required by law," This criticism applies only to large packages; small cartons are conservatively labeled,)
Colman, J. and J., London,
* Mustard.
Cresca Company.
* Vinegar, Pinard Brand, Packed in France, Pure
Grape Salad, Estragon Flavor.
100 1001 TESTS
Crosse and Blackwell, London.
^ Currie Powder, Genuine India — ^Pure Currie Pow- der.
* Malt Vinegar, Pure.
* Malt Vinegar Flavored with Tarragon. Curtice Brothers Company, Rochester, N. T.
(D) Tomato Ketchup. {Preserved with sodium hen- zoate and thin as compared with first class cat- sups; only 19 per cent, solids.)
Diamond Crystal Salt Company, St. Clair, Michigan.
* Shaker Tahle Salt with 1 per cent, carbonate of
magnesia. Durkee and Company, E. R., New York, N. Y.
* Salad Dressing and Meat Sauce. (Good quality
for a commercial salad dressing containing egg and oil; not a '^rich mayonnaise'' as claimed.)
Fischer, B., and Company, New York.
* Allspice, Strictly Pure.
* Pepper, White.
* Sage, Strictly Pure. Frear, Fred, New York, N. Y.
(D) My Wife's Salad Dressing. (Colored with a per- mitted coal tar dye; only 8 per cent, of oil present and no egg determinable; harmless but not a true salad dressing.)
Gaidry, Ix)well R., New Orleans.
* Tabasco Pepper Sauce. (A good product; at first
over-burdened with impossible claims as to di-
CONDIMENTS 101
gestive and medicinal value; statements en- tirely revised,)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Chili Sauce.
ir Tomato Ketchup. (33 per cent, total solids.) "At Cider Vinegar, Pure Fermented.
* Malt Vinegar, Pure Fermented.
Holbrook and Company, London, Manchester and Birmingham. (N) Worcestershire Sauce. {Good quality but m^kes extravagant claims as to superiority and use- fulness,)
Howard, J. F., Haverhill, Mass.
* Salad Dressing. (Good quality, containing 50 per
cent, of oil, egg, and no artificial coloring; sam- ple examined slightly short weight,)
Koenig and Schuster, New York, N. T.
* Tomato Catsup, Princess Brand. (34.5 per cent.
of total solids,)
Lea and Perrins, Worcester, England.
* Worcestershire Sauce.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, HI.
* Chili Sauce, Pure.
* Tomato Catsup, Pure. (38.6 per cent, of solids.)
Mcllhenny, E., New Iberia, Louisiana.
(D) Tabasco Pepper Sauce. {Good quality, hut ab- surd claims as to its being a preventative for
102 1001 TESTS
dyspepsia, relieving headache, neuralgia and
rheumatism, hygienic and economic claims, etc.)
McMechen Preserving Company, Wheeling, W. Va.
(D) Prepared Mustard. {Colored with turmeric, very
low in total solids (12 per cent,). Proportions
of mixture given on label could not be present.)
Marzahl, W., 171 Spring Street, New York, N. Y.
iK Cider Vinegar, Pure. Mohawk Valley Cider Company, 73-75 Huron Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 'A' Vinegar, Pure Cider.
(N) Vinegar, Pure White. (See Wayn0 County White Vinegar.) Morehouse Mills, Chicago and Los Angeles.
(N) Horseradish-Mustard, Cream Brand, Prepared. {Contains turmeric and but little horseradish.) (D) Mustard, Mrs. Morehouse's Cream Brand, Pre- pared. {Contains turmeric and gum.) (D) Salad Dressing, Mrs. Morehouse's Cream Brand. {No oil or egg found; contains turmeric, gum and flavoring.)
National Onion Salt Company.
* Onion Salt. New England Maple Syrup Company, Boston, Mass. (D) Mustard, Golden Tree. {Price low, the turmeric and starch present low^r the quality, though they are declared on label; not a standard ^^prepared mustard.")
CONDIMENTS 103
Olney, Burt, Canning Company, Oneida, N. Y. "A: Ketchup. (21 per cent, of total solids,)
Palisade Manufacturing Company, West Hoboken, N. Y. ^ Tournade's Kitchen Bouquet. {A mixture of vegetable and meat extracts with flavoring prin- ciples; no preservatives; probably/ colored with caramel (burnt sugar); harmless and conven- ient, but not ^'indispensable'^ as formerly claimed,)
Pritchard, E., 331 Spring Street, New York, N. Y., and Bridgeton, N. J. (D) Tomato Catsup, Pride of the Farm. {Contained 0.17 per cent, of benzoate of soda; only one- tenth of one per cent, declared on the label. Had 21 per cent, of total solids.)
Rabb, Charles, Inc., 237-239 W. 60th St., New York, N. Y. (D) Tomato Catsup, Blue Ribbon. {Contained over two-tenths per cent, of benzoate and is very low in solid material, in common with most low grade products; 14.5 per cent, of solids,)
Ritter Conserve Company, P. J., Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Tomato Catsup, Pure, Whole. {No preservative or artificial color. Two of five samples were very low in total solids, the other three being satisfactory. Shows two grades of stock still on nmrket.)
104 1001 TESTS
"At Tomato Catsup with Tabasco, Whole, Pure. (25 per cent, of total solids,)
Sladc, D. and L., Company, Boston, Masa.
* Cayenne, Absolutely Pure.
* Cinnamon, Absolutely Pure. "Ar Cloves, Absolutely Pure.
* Celery Salt, Absolutely Pure. -k Curry Powder, East India.
* Ginger, Absolutely Pure.
(N) Mace, Absolutely Pure. {Some question as to the species of mace used; possibility of admix- ture of Bombay or other wild mace. Evidence not conclusive,)
ir Nutmeg, Absolutely Pure.
ir Paprika, Absolutely Pure.
* Pepper, Absolutely Pure.
* Pepper, Absolutely Pure, White.
* Pimento, Absolutely Pure. it Sage, Absolutely Pure.
(N) Salad Cream, Absolutely Pure, Healthful. {No oil, but butter is used, a little egg, sugar, wheat starch, and spices, etc, as stated on the label,)
iic Savory, Absolutely Pure.
it Spice, Absolutely Pure Pickling, Whole Mixed Spice.
* Thyme, Absolutely Pure. ('^Absolutely pure^'
claim objectionable as always; tendency to
CONDIMENTS 105
slight short weight on some small packages. Quality very good,)
Snider, T. A., Preserves Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. i*r Chili Sauce.
* Tomato Catsup. (23 per cent, of solids.) Stickney and Poor Spice Company, Boston, Mass.
* Cloves, Absolutely Pure. {Claim objectionable.) ir Mustard, Extra Fine.
Tildesley and Company, Chicago, His.
(N) Yacht Club Salad Dressing. {A small amount of oil and some egg; colored only with turmeric; good but hardly of star quality,)
Wayne County Produce Company, Greenpoint, L. I., N. Y.
* Cider Vinegar.
(N) Spirit Vinegar, Pure White. {A good grain vinegar, true to type and properly labeled. This type is not a true aromatic vinegar at all and is inferior in quality and flavor to the wine and cider products.)
Worcester Salt Company, New York City, N. Y.
* Ivory Shaker Salt.
Yours Truly Company, The, Chicago, Illinois. i^ Ground Paprika. -k Ground Pepper. (D) Salad Dressing. {No oil present. Depends on
106 1001 TESTS
turmeric for color and gum for thickening; not permissible mixture for a salad dressing.)
* Spices, Whole Mixed.
* Tomato Catsup.
VIII DESSEETS
READY-TO-USE desserts like most time- saving foods give you only fair quality at a relatively large price. It is not claimed that they are injurious but it is not considered that they are either high grade food products or econom- ical. The Jello, Nesnah and Tryphosa desserts are probably the best of their kind, but consist mostly of sugar (about 85-90 per cent.), with a little gelatin, flavoring, and coloring matter, for which extravagant excellencies and great original- ity are claimed. As sugar is only five cents a pound, you can see that they are not an economical buy for the housewife unless her time is extremely valuable. Twenty cents a pound for sugar adds an item to the high cost of living! Gelatin des- serts, freshly made, uncolored and flavored with fresh fruit juices must of necessity be superior in quality.
The straight gelatins themselves present a fundamental difficulty in that the line is too often not carefully drawn between glue quality saxd ed-
107
108 1001 TESTS
ible gelatin quality. Both are made from hides, bones, and horn pith, and it is the condition of the raw material and the treatment and tem- perature that differentiate the two. A high class glue and a low class gelatin are practically the same product. Only sanitary inspection could determine this point absolutely and it is for this reason that the highest rating has not been given to gelatins. The tests made, how- ever, insure you that the finished products are harmless and of good quality. Another diffi- culty is the fact that many gelatin dealers buy up their gelatin from different sources and their output may vary in excellence. These are some of the fundamental difficulties in attempting to classify gelatins as to purity. We can only ad- vise in general that those examined gave no odor on standing, had the proper degree of solubility and contained only minute traces, if any, of sul- phur dioxide. No dangers are to be feared from eating these products but constant inspection alone can insure that sanitary raw material is used and the proper care taken during the process of manufacture.
DESSERTS 109
TESTED DESSEETS
(Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Baker, Franklin, Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Baker's Premium Shred Coeoanut. {Label states
^'Prepared with sugar/' contains about 24 per cent.)
Chalmers, James, Sons, Williamsville, N. T.
* Transparent Shredded Gelatin. Ceylon Spice Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Instantaneous Tapioca. (Absurd claims as to be- ing a ^'food for babies/' ^^preventing prickly heat/' etc. Product is good, though '^ instan- taneous" claims are also overdrawn,)
Colbnrn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) New Process Hasty Tapioca. (A good product with such meaningless extravagant claims a^ *'The sta/ndard goods of America/' ^'Abso- lutely Pure/' ^'Superior to the standard re- quired by law.")
Cox, J. and G., Georgia Mills, Edinborough, Scotland.
* Gelatin.
Crystal Gelatin Company, Boston, Maew. i^ Boston Crystal Gelatin.
Diamond Gelatin Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Diamond Delioo, The Double Dessert — Straw-
110 1001 TESTS
berry and Orange; Mint-Lemon; Coffee and Cherry. (Colored with cudbear and other vegetable dyes, harmless but poor quality and the little flavor present is completely lost on ex- posure to air.)
Genesee Pure Food Company, Le Roy, N. Y.
(N) Jello Lemon. (About 85 per cent, sugar; and ar- tificially colored with a harmless vegetable dye. Not injurious but not '^America's most famous dessert.' ' Fruit flavors used mostly. Good of its kind but not of star quality.)
Hansen's Laboratory, Charles, Little Falls, N. Y.
* Junket tablets.
(N) Nesnah Desserts — Chocolate, Lemon, Imitation Raspberry. (86 per cent, to 96 per cent, sugar, gelatin and trace of permitted coal tar dye in two cases; not injurious but not high quality; exaggerated claims.) Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Gold Medal Mince Meat. -A- Heinz Plum Pudding.
Hipolite Company, The, St. Louis, Mo.
(D) Hipolite Snow-Mellow. (Essentially a mixture of corn starch and egg albumen. In no sense a substitute for eggs. Harmless, but not of good quality. Claim, ^' makes delicious icings, fill- ings, aTid meringues without eggs,'^ misleading.)
DESSERTS 111
Knox, ChJarlcR B., Company, Johnstown, N. Y.; Mon- treal, Canada. if Knox's Gelatin.
Lipton's, New York, London.
(D) Lipton's Gelatin Jelly Tablets. (Flavors, except in the case of the vanilla and the Madeira rather flat. Amaranth and Naphthol Yellow 8, permitted coal tar dyes used in all samples,)
Merrell-Soule Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
* None Such Mince Meat.
Minute Tapioca Company, Orange, Mass.
if Minute Gelatin. (Excessive claims as to solubil- ity, absolute purity, etc., not warranted.)
* Minute Tapioca.
Naltional Starch Company, Com Products Refining Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Kingsford's Oswego Cornstarch. (Specifically misleading claim as to superiority to arrowroot; a good corn starch — nothing more.)
Ovite Manufacturing Company, Orange, N. J.
(D) Ovite. (A mixture of corn starch and egg albu- men with salt and colored with annato. Harm- less but not '^A nutritious product which dis- places the whole egg in cooking,^' as claimed.)
(D) White Ovite. (White egg albumen a/nd corn starch. One dolla/r a pound. Price excessive and not a legitimate substitute for the white of ^90 *)
112 1001 TESTS
Plymouth Rock Gelatin Company, Boston, Mass. * Plymouth Rock Plam, Granulated Gelatin. (D) Plymouth Rock Phosphated Granulated Gelatin, A Compound. (Phosphoric mid ohjectionaile; does not increase nutrition as claimed, and is not a satisfactory substitute for lemon.)
Rich, E. C, New York, N. Y.
(N) Tryphosa — Lemon — Artificially colored. (Nearly 90 per cent, sugar and a permitted coal tar dye — not injurious hut not a high grade prod- uct.)
Whitman, Stephen F., and Son, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Whitman's Maxshmallow Whip. (51 per cent, glucose, 26 per cent, sugar, balance water, gum and vanillin. Not a substitute for ^^ whipped cream" in quality or nutritive value, but is correctly named, as it is of a typical marsh- mMow composition.)
IX
EXTEACTS
WTH practically no exceptions the flavoring extracts are guilty of exaggerated claims. Whether the Baker products are claiming to be ^'unequaled in strength," or the Burnett's are stated to be ^ ^ so highly concentrated that only com- paratively little need be used," or the McMonagle and Eogers' are said to be ** extra strong," or the Yours Truly Company claims that their products are from *^40 to 60 per cent, above the federal standard," one and all are drawing a very long bow. These are first-class products, but they merely comply with the federal standards or in some cases exceed the minimum requirements somewhat. Practically all of the vanilla extracts are said to be made from ^ ^ the finest Mexican va- nilla bean," just as huge amounts of coffees are labeled ^' Java and Mocha," regardless of the fact that the output of both is comparatively small. We have, therefore, partially disregarded these general and commonly exaggerated claims, though by no means approving them, in giving the star
lis
11* 1001 TESTS
marking to extracts of standard quality, for the guidance of the buyer.
Flavoring extracts have long been notable sin- ners in regard to short volume. Often the bottles are made of thick glass and no particular content is claimed but the bottle which should hold two ounces, judging from size and price, holds much less. Under the new net weight law demanding that weights and measures be declared on all pack- ages we might have corrected this evil had not the vicious provision, that a '^reasonable variation" should be permitted, or small packages exempted, been inserted in the law. A deduction has in all cases been made where the output of any manufac- turer showed a general tendency toward short weight.
The question most often asked in regard to ex- tracts is, What are vanillin and coumarin? When they appear on the label what does this mean? Are such extracts harmful? The true vanilla ex- tract made from the vanilla bean is much more del- icate in flavor and more expensive than that made from the artificial vanillin obtained from oil of cloves. Coumarin is a substance obtained from the Tonka bean and is also a cheaper product of inferior flavoring quality used in imitations.
EXTRACTS 115
Neither can be said to be barmful, but such a product should be plainly labeled ^^ imitation" or ** artificial vanillin.'' It is not enough to label it ** vanilla extract" and then give a list of ingredi- ents which conveys no meaning to the average buyer. The true vanilla extract is derived only from the vanilla bean. We have excluded from the approved list all imitation extracts, though many are now honestly labeled, as required by the law. We consider all of the extracts made from artificial ethers in the laboratory, and nearly al- ways colored with coal tar or vegetable dyes to conceal inferiority, as unworthy of a place in an approved list of high grade products. They are used in such small quantities that their harmful- ness cannot be discussed, but they are not natural foods and in our estimation could not be classed among high grade products. The best makers are endeavoring to provide pure fruit extracts, even in the case of strawberry, raspberiy and other flavors most difficult to make. Better do without an ex- tract than use an imitation poorly flavored and artificially colored.
The new paste extracts are made of gum and glycerin with appropriate flavors. They are not injurious, but the extravagant claims made as to
116 1001 TESTS
superiority to alcoholic extracts cannot be main- tained. They may be more economic for some purposes and their use is largely a matter of taste. Their inferior diffusibility is another objection and the vajiilla and lemon extracts do not yield themselves to this treatment as well as other fla- vors, like ginger.
TESTED EXTRACTS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Baker Extract Company, Portland, Maiae, and Spring- field, Mass. ^ Almond, Pure Extract. i^ Lemon, Pure Extract.
* Onion, Pure Extract.
* Orange, Pure Extract.
* Pineapple, Pure Extract.
(N) Pistachio, Imitation Flavor. (A harmless imita- tion extract properly labeled, compounded of vanilla extract, almond extract, glycerin, alco- hol and a permitted coal tar dye. Not injuri- ous but not star quality.)
* Raspberry, Pure Extract.
* Strawberry, Pure Extract.
^ Vanilla, Pure Extract. {Claim '^unequaled in strength' ' an exaggeration.)
EXTRACTS 117
Burnett, Joseph, and Compauiy, Boston, Mass. if Almond.
(N) Banana, Imitation Flavor. (A mixture of amyl and ethyl acetate in alcohol, correctly labeled,) ik Cherry, Superior Extract.
* Lemon, Superior Extract. -k Orange.
(N) Peach, Imitation Flavor. {Essentially an es- sence of oil of Utter almonds, with a little orange flavor; not a true peach flavor.)
ir Pineapple.
(N) Pistachio, Imitation Flavor. (A mixture of al- mond, cinnamon and other oUs.)
^ Raspberry.
* Strawberry.
* Vanilla.
ik Wintergreen, Essence of. (Medicinal claim, which was criticised as objectionable, has been with- drawn,)
Christy, Arthur N., and Company, Newark, N. Y. (D) Lemon Flavor. (A paste flavor consisting of gum and glycerin with too small an amount of oil of lemon to be determined. States on label that terpeneless oil of lemon is used with the true oil. The former is of very inferior qual- ity. Claims to be ^^The standard of excel- lence,^' and is harmless but of poor quality and not comparable with the standard alco- holic extracts.)
118 1001 TESTS
Colburn, The A., Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Almond.
* Almond, May Flower Extract, Pure.
* Lemon, May Flower Extract, Pure.
* Orange May Flower Extract, Pure.
* Orange.
* Rose.
* Rose, May Flower Brand, Extract of Pure.
* Vanilla.
{The May Flower Brand represent standard goods, no more, and no extravagant claims are made on the label. The other products are also of good standard quality, hut there is no foundation for the claim that they are ^^the standard goods of America,'' and ^^far superior to the standard required by law.'') Crescent Manufacturing Company, Seattle, "Wash. (D) Crescent Mapleine. {A harmless substitute product; consists essentially of burnt sugar (caramel) and vanillin. Misleading nam£, cor- rected by sublabel — '^Contains no maple sugar, syrup nor sap but produces a taste similar to m^ple."
McCormick and Company, Baltimore, Md.
lAr Almond, Bee Brand Highest Quality, Absolutely Pure Extract. {Extreme quality claims and slight short measure.)
EXTRACTS 119
* Ginger, Bee Brand Highest Quality, Absolutely
Ptire Essence.
"A- Lemon, Bee Brand Highest Quality, True.
(D) Orange, Bee Brand Highest Quality Extract, True — Colored. {Below standard and arti- ficially colored.)
(N) Peach, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring, Imi- tation. {Does not ^^ taste like fresh fruit" — poor quality.)
(N) Pineapple, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring, Imitation. ( Same, )
(N) Eose, Bee Brand Concentrated Flavoring — Col- ored. (Harmless vegetable dye (cudbear) used,)
* Vanilla, Bee Brand Highest Quality, True Extract.
(Quality claims exaggerated but products starred were standard.) McMonagle and Rogers, Middletown, N. Y.
* Almond, Premium Fruit Flavors.
* Celery, Premium Fruit Flavors.
'k Cinnamon, Premium Fruit Flavors.
"At Cloves, Premium Fruit Flavors. (Above standard
minimum strength but slightly short measure.) ir Lemon, Premium Fruit Flavors. (N) Nutmeg, Premium Fruit Flavors. (Short meas^
ure and below standard strength.) iic Onion, Premium Fruit Flavors. lAr Orange, Premium Fruit Flavors. ifcr Peppermint, Premium Fruit Plavorsi.
120 1001 TESTS
it Bose, Premium Fruit Flavors.
* Vanilla, Premium Fruit Flavors.
ik Wintergreen, Premium Fruit Flavors.
Pitkin, J. M., and Company, Newark, N. Y.
(N) Almond Flavor.
(N) Ginger Flavor.
{Harmless and suitable for some purposes, but not superior to alcoholic extracts as claimed,)
(N) Lemon Flavor. (Oil of lemon fortified with citral.)
(D) Vanilla Substitute. {Contains vanillin, couma- rin and caramel coloring, and it is claimsd that it is superior to the pure standard arti- cle,) Price Flavoring Extract Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Dr. Price 's Delicious Flavoring Extract, Vanilla.
Sauer, C. P., Company, Richmond, Va.
* Almond.
(N) Banana, Imitation Flavor.
* Orange.
(N) Peach, Imitation Flavor. (N) Pineapple, Imitation Flavor. (N) Strawberry, Imitation Flavor.
{Imitation flavors artificially colored. Made from blended ethers. Correctly labeled.) -k Vanilla, Pure concentrated extract. {^^ Absolute purity'^ claim objectionable; attack on substi- tutes as being ^'injurious'* not warranted.)
EXTRACTS 121
Slade, D. and L., Company, Boston, Mass.
i^ Almond, Absolutely Pure Extract. {^^ Absolutely
pure'' ohjectionaWe as always,) i^ Lemon, Absolutely Pure Extra Strong Extract. (Not ^' extra strong,'' just standard.)
* Peppermint, Absolutely Pure Family Remedies. "A- Rose, Absolutely Pure Extract.
Stickney and Poor Spice Company, Boston, Mass.
* Vanilla, Best U. S. P.
Yours Truly Company, Chicago, Illinois.
* Lemon, Pure Extract.
"k Vanilla Extract, Yours Truly Pure Extract. {Good standard products not above official standards as claimed,)
FISH— (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
THE utmost care should be exercised in regard to the use of all canned fish, because when these products do decompose they have a tendency more than almost any other products, to develop poisonous bodies in the process of protein degrada- tion. The housewife should always examine the can carefully by its appearance, smell, and taste upon opening. Great care, however, is exercised in putting up fish products and the salmon espe- cially may be mentioned as retaining, to a marked degree, the quality of the fresh product.
All canned fish should be consumed immediately upon opening and not be kept over for the next day. Properly smoked and dried fish offer a most nutritious and economical diet and are much more widely used abroad than here. Their use could very profitably be extended, especially in view of the high price of meat.
TESTED FISH (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
'{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicatea a nonoommittal rating between 76 and 84; duapproved products
12^
FISH, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 128
(D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Als Hangesund Preserving Company, Hangesund.
* Fancy Imported Norway Sardines in Mnstard
Sauce — Salome Brand. (Not a trus sardine (pilchard) ; labeling permitted hy official regu- lations,)
Beale arid Garnett Company, Eastport, Maine.
i^ Finnan Haddie. (Put up in the United States; a true Finnan Haddie should he from Scotland.) Beardsley, J. W., Sons, New York, N. Y.
(N) Shredded Codfish. (No horax found; short weight and extravagant statement as to com- parative nutritive value — 1 Ih. not equal to 4 lbs, of fresh fish, as stated,) Bumham and Morrill Company, Portland, Maine.
* Fish Flakes.
California Fish Company, Los Angeles, California. (N) California Sardines. (True pilchard or sardine not found on California coast, labeling per- mitted by Government, but sublabel ^'Oenu- ine sardines'' objectionable.)
Cresca Company, Distributors, 355 Greenwich Street, New York.
* Caviar Superieure. Crosse and Blackwell, London.
(N) Anchovy Paste. (Colored with an unidentified reddish dye. Labeled '^Artificially colored,'')
lU 1001 TESTS
Davis, Frank E., Company, Gloucester, Mass.
* Deviled Crab Meat.
* Lump Crab Meat.
(D) Crab Shells. (Not perfectly cleaned.)
* Fish Flake.
* Fish Flake, Codfish and Haddock Corned.
* Kippered Herring.
* Fresh Mackerel.
(D) Selected Gulf Fresh Shrimp. {Quality poor; two samples out of four bad,)
Emery and Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Deviled Sardines. {Sublaheled ^^ Atlantic Ocean Sardine Herrings/' really are herrings; not a ^^rnost economical and nutritious article of food/' as claimed,)
Gorman and Company, Inc., Seattle, Wash.
(D) Eed Heart Brand Alaska Salmon. {Slack fill and short weight; a low grade article,) Gorton Pew Fisheries Company.
* Gorton's Boneless Codfish. (19 per cent, of salt.)
Liss, George, and Company, New York City.
* Salmon, Highwood Brand, Columbia River. Lord Brothers Company, Portland, Maine.
* Extra Quality Pure Codfish Strictly Boneless.
McMenamin and Company, Hampton, Va.
* Crab Meat.
FISH, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 125
Peabody, Henry W., San Francisco, California and
New York.
* Havalan Brand Japanese Crab Meat.
Sea Beach Packing Works, Aberdeen, Wash.
* Pioneer Minced Sea Clams.
Southern California Fish Company, Los Angeles, Cal.
* Blue Sea Tuna.
Van-Thomas Company, Los Angeles, Cal.
^ Avalon Brand Tuna. {Packed in cottonseed and olive oil and so labeled,)
Watson, Angus, and Company, Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. (N) Skipper Sardines in Tomato. (N) Skipper Sardines in Virgin Olive Oil.
{Not true sardines {pilchards) — Norway iristlings and should be so labeled. Govern- ment permits designation ^^ Norway sardines/' hut in this case labeling is not even true to this ruling,)
* Bouillon Herringlets.
Williams, R. C, and Company, New York. -k Salmon, Eoyal Scarlet, Columbia Eiver.
XI
FEUITS— DEIED *
THE points in regard to dried fruits are : Are they unsulphnred? Are they free from ex- cessive moisture (which sulphuring makes pos- sible)? Are they free from insect infection? Have full weight and measure been given? For the starred products we can answer ^'yes/' in re- gard to all of these points. Fruitsaretransported more cheaply in this dried compact form and the consumer pays for less water than in fresh or canned goods. Their keeping qualities are also excellent and they form a very acceptable part of the diet both from an economical and nutritive point of view, especially during the seasons when fresh fruits are unavailable or very high in price. Stewed dried fruits are excellent natural laxatives as well as nutritious and a handful of raisins, dates or jBgs is much better, in my opinion, for the grow- ing child than candy.
1 For canned fruits see page 40.
IM
FRUITS— DRIED 12T
TESTED FRUITS, DRIED
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicate* a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
American Dehydrating Company, Waukesha, Wiscon- sin. (N) Dehydro-Fresh Cranberries. (By no means equal to fresh fruit nor superior to the dried and evaporated goods, as claimed.) American Vineyard Company, Fresno, Cal. — Boston — San Francisco. :*- Ideal ''Not-a-Seed'' Raisins. Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Peaches, Fancy Evaporated California. (0.15 per cent, of sulphur found in this product. La- hel read ^^sulphur bleached^'; considered in- jurious to health though permitted hy federal regulation pending investigation.)
California Fruit Canners' Association, Fresno, Cali- fornia. 'At Del Monte Brand California Seedless Raisins. Carque Pure Food Company, Los Angeles, Cal.
* Apricots, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits. tAt Bananas, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits.
* Cherries, Carque 's California Likefresh Fruits.
* Figs, California Selected Black Mission.
* Olives, Selected Sun Dried California Ripe, Dry.
128 1001 TESTS
^ Peaches, Carque's California Likefresh Fruits. it Pears, Carque's California Likefresh Fruits.
{Claims somewhat overdrawn; excellent unsul- phured products,) Cresca Company, New York, N. Y.
* Cresca Figs.
* Stuffed Figs and Stuffed Dates.
* Cresca Choicest Cluster Eaisins.
{Figs and dates are ^'Prepared with corn syrup/' L e,, glucose; declared on label, amount very small but unnecessary and un- desirable.)
DeGroflF, Lewis, and Son, New York, N. Y.
* Smyrna Figs, Health Brand.
Fresno Home Packing Company, Fresno, California.
* Fancy Cluster Eaisins, Blue Ribbon Brand.
Greenhut Siegel Cooper Company, New York, N. Y.
* Eaisins, Sultanas, Golden West Brand, Extra
Quality, Natural, Seedless.
Higgins, William A., and Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Chariot Apples. {Minute trace of sulphur; short
weight due probably to drying out,) (D) Seedless Eaisins, Berry Brand. {Short weight, 0.018 per cent, sulphur dioxide,) Hills Brothers Company, New York, N. Y.
* Dromedary Brand Cleaned Currants.
* Dromedary Golden Dates.
FRUITS— DRIED 1£9
^ Dromedary Brand Washed Figs. ('^Conserved in corn syrup/' i, e,, glucose — declared on label — very small amount present hut is undesirable and unnecessary,)
Koenig and Schuster, New York.
^ Fancy Malaga Raisins, Princess Brand.
Seaman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
* White Rose California Seeded Muscatel Raisins.
Williams, R. C, and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Royal Scarlet Seeded Raisins.
xn
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES AND DISIN- FECTANTS *
THE miscellaneous samples reported under this heading pretend in no way to cover the field, but were examined mainly in response to inquiries and as information was needed. Vas- elines (petrolatum) are standard products, but the '* remedial" claims made for them have been exaggerated. The disinfectants all err in mak- ing extravagant claims, extending their usefulness into the medicinal field and so becoming dangerous in the hands of the layman. The non-poisonous claim is particularly misleading and the fanciful names under which these products are presented are objectionable in that they conceal the true nature of the disinfectant which might easily be declared. A standardized, carefully prepared dis- infectant of proper strength is a boon to the house- keeper and it is a great pity that these products cannot be sold in a more intelligent and ethical way as they are undoubtedly useful, and their quality
*pata do not represent complete analyses; only important and characteristic ingredients arc mentioned.
130
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES ISl
in many cases is excellent. Some of the materials reported fall within the patent medicine class and exhibit all the evils and misleading statements typical of such products.
TESTED HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES AND DIS- INFECTANTS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved produota {D)y rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
American Druggists Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. (N) A. D. S. Foot Tablets. {An astringent antisep- tic wash containing tannin, salicylic acid, alum, ioric acid, etc. Claims that it is a ^'valuable remedy,^' ^'effective in the treatment of hun- ions," etc, are extravagant.)
Bauer and Black, Chicago, 111.
(N) Blue Jay Com Plasters. {Contain salicylic acid, which is practically always the active in- gredient of corn salves. Is often helpful but the claim ^^In ^8 hours corn comes out root and all," is exaggerated.)
Bauer and Company, Berlin, A. Wulfing and Company, N. Y. American Agents. (D) Formamint Tablets. {A formaldehyde prepara- tion with extravagant claims as to its thera- peutic and germicidal properties. Efficacy of
132 1001 TESTS
the tablets is believed to be much overrated, in addition to which they might be irritating in some conditions.) Bliss, Alonzo O., Company, Washington, D. C.
(D) Native Herbs. (A mixture of aloes, the com- mon cathartic, and cassia, with probably small amounts of podophyllum, ginger, dandelion, and other stomachics. Not true to nume, and ac- companied by characteristic patent medicine claims, which are obviously impossible of ful- fillment. Would not ^'cure rheumatism, ca- tarrh, nervous disorders, diabetes and all syph- ilitic diseases" as claimed.)
Carter Lytle Drug Company, Baltimore, Md.
(N) Komol. {Collodion with salicylic acid in alcohol and ether. ^'It will dissolve the most obstinate cases.'^ ^^The best paint for corns," etc. Claims excessive.)
Chesebrough Manufacturing Company, New York, N. Y. (N) Capsicum Vaseline. (Petrolatum containing cap- sicum. A good product but only palliative, not *^a remedy" for rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, etc., as stated. Not '^superior to mustard or any other plaster" under all conditions.) iK Carbolated Vaseline. (A petrolatum containing phenol. Statements that it is ^^ A valuable an- tiseptic dressing for wounds, etc.," is true.)
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 133
* Mentholated Vaseline. (A mentholated petro- latum, which m^y he advantageously used for ^^nervous headaches, sore throat, neuralgia, neuritis, rheumatism, etc," as a palliative. No remedial or curative properties claimed in this case.)
^ Vaseline. (Former claims ^^an invaluahle rem- edy for hums, rheumatism, hemorrhoids" with- drawn from lahel; product is palliative hut hardly remedial in such cases,)
^ White Vaseline. (Pure petrolatum; former claim that it is an ^Hnvaluahle family remedy for rheumatism, catarrh, hay fever, etc," is ohviously an exaggeration, as 'Wemedy" im- plies constructive healing while this substance is only palliative. Claims withdrawn from lahel.) Clark's Corporation, New York, N. Y.
(D) Sel Amaigrissant. (Merely crystallized washing soda, perfumed. Claims made as to its merits as a flesh reducer when used in the hath, are manifestly absurd, and the price is high.) Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Tooth Ache Drops, Pike's Universal Vegetable. (Consists chiefly of chloroform and alcohol with a little oil of cloves and other antiseptic oils; not a ^^ vegetable" product; chloroform dangerous and habit forming, and tends to de- fer necessary dental attention.)
134 1001 TESTS
Dodge, Walter Luther, and Company, Chicago, 111. (N) Tiz. {Tablets containing tannin, salicylic acid, alum, and orris root. An astringent antiseptic foot hath, harmless but could do but little for bunions, ingrowing nails, etc, as claimed,)
Downs, Jean, 334 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (D) Get Slim. (Consists essentially of sugar and tartaric and citric acids, colored with a trace of pink dye. Claims for its efficiency as a flesh reducer grossly exaggerated and an unlimited use of these acids might be harmful.)
E. C. D. Chemical Company, 1777 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. (D) Fluid En-Ser-01. {An alleged catarrh and deaf- ness cure, consists essentially of camphor, glyc- erine, water and traces of antiseptics. Worth about 2 cents and sells for $1; claims absurd,)
Every Woman Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Every Woman's Flesh Reducer. {A nfiixture of epsom salts, alum, washing soda and camphor, 5 tablespoonfuls to be used in a hot bath as a flesh reducer; claims absurd. Sells for 89 cents, costs not more than 10, at a liberal es- timate,)
Evans Sons, Lescher and Webb, Ltd., Liverpool, Lon- don and New York. (N) Antiseptic Throat Pastilles. {Consists essen- tially of gum acacia, licorice, terpin-hydrate, and ammonium salt; claims slightly exagg^-
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 135
ated. It would restore the voice and make breathing easy when there was some slight diffi- culty only.)
Giant Chemical Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
(N) A-Corn Salve. (Contains fat, salicylio acid, methyl salicylate. Claims moderate, except that it could hardly remove bunioTis.) Grape Capsule Company, 108 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y.
(N) Cod Liver Oil Capsules. (A good cod liver oil in capsule form, but is short weight and high priced considering the amount of oil obtained, due allowance being made for the expense of the capsule form; clamis are conservative,)
(N) Olive Oil Grapes. (Olive oil in capsule form, ex- cessive claims as to its value as a ^^ tissue builder and flesh creator,'^ as ^^an appetizer," etc) -k Ricinol Grape. (Castor oil.) (A good castor oil in capsule form. Slightly short weight but 2l^ grams for ten cents is not excessive.) Grove, E. W. (Paris Medicine Co., St. Louis, Mo.).
(D) Laxative Bromo-Quinine. (Contains aloin, as a laxative, bromid and phenacetin (2 grains per tablet), belladonna and quinine, A most un- desirable product for miscellaneous uncon- trolled ingestion.)
Hydrox-Chemical Company, New York, Chicago, San Francisco. (N) Hydrox Hydrogen Peroxide. (Contains ac§t-
136 1001 TESTS
anilid as a preservative. Extravagant claims as to efficacy as a mouth wash,)
Jad Salts Company, New York, N. Y.
(D) Jad Brand Salts. {A shot-gun prescription which ^^ cures'' too many diseases at once. Con- sists principally of sodium phosphate, sodium and potassium iicarbonates and citric and tar- taric acids, and a very small amount of hexa- methylene tetramine, antiseptic diuretic, as stated on the label. Odor of formaldehyde showed partial decomposition of last named in- gredient. Miscellaneous drugging of this kind is useless and often attended by an element of danger. 75 cents is an exorbitant price for four ounces of this material.)
Kimball, Lucile, 1327 So. Michigan Boulevard, Chicago, 111. (D) Obesity Eemedy. (Consists of 1. A powder made up of soap, epsom salts and washing soda, for external application, 2, Brown tablets consisting essentially of aloin a laxative, bella- donna and nux vomica, 3. Pink tablets to furnish a tonic and stomachic, consisting es- sentially of capsicum, menthol, and bitter prin- ciples resembling those from quassia and gen- tian; harmless in general, but utterly unable to fulfill the excessive claims made for it as a flesh reducer.)
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 137
Kinox Company, Rutland, Vermont.
(N) Kinox. (Essentially the product known as Chin- osol, a derivative of quinolin. A good antisep- tic sold under a fancy name with extravagant claims for its application.)
Landshut, Karl, Chicago, 111.
(D) Louisenbad Reduction Salt. (Essentially epsom salts, worth about 2 cents a pound and sold for one dollar. That it tvould prove a ^^ remedy for obesity without the use of drugs, diet, exer- cises,'' by using it in the bath water, is ob- viously absurd, neither would it ^'tone the whole body,'^)
Lambert Pharmacal Company, St. Louis, Mo.
* Listerine.
Lehn and Fink, New York City.
* LysoL (A solution of cresylic acid with a germi-
cidal value about twice that of carbolic; name objectionable, as not being descriptive of the product, which, however, is an excellent one. Very similar to the ^^ Liquor cresolis composi- tus^' of the Pharmacopoeia,)
Luden, W. H., Reading, Pa.
-jAr Menthol Cough Drops. (A simple menthol cough drop, for which no extravagant medicinal claims are made. Efficacy of all cough drops is of course very limdted.)
138 1001 TESTS
Martindale, Thomas, and Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (D) Royal Olvules. {A first-class olive oil in capsule form. Disapproved because of the fact that only two or three ounces are given for $1 and the claims as to its being a specific for constipa- tion and a preventative for appendicitis, are manifestly misleading, A useful and unobjec- tionable product if properly priced and pre- sented.)
Medical Formula Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Calocide Compound. {A foot bath consisting of alum, salt and gallic acid. Might be very draw- ing and drying to the feet, undesirably so un- der some conditions.)
Mentholatum Company, Buffalo, New York.
(D) Mentholatum. (A useful mixture of camphor, menthol, vaseline and boric acid, but the state- ment that it will give even ''quick relief for hay fever, pneumonia, croup, neuralgia, rheu- matism, etc., must be considered decidedly mis- leading.)
Merck and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Creolin-Pearson. (An efficient disinfectant; for-
mer dangerous claim of ''non-poisonous,'^ and excessive claims as to strength withdraum; ap- plications and efficiency claims still somewhat too broad.) Moller, Peter, London (Schieffelin and Company, U. S. Agents, New York).
* Hydroxyl-Free Cod Liver Oil. (A very pur0, high
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 139
quality cod liver oil. The claim made that it is hydroxyl'free appears to he questionable and claims as to its being a ^^ perfect food/^ ^^a uni- versal remedy/^ etc., are deprecated as mean- ingless exaggeration,) Moras, Dr. E. R., Highland Park, Illinois.
(D) Detoxyl. {A tablet consisting essentially of ep- som salts with citric and tartaric acids in com* bination with soda. Said to cure practically all known diseases from pneumonia to whooping cough, including typhoid fever and delirium tre- mens, when used in connection with the die- tetic and hygienic system outlined in the litera- ture. The claims are obviously impossible of fulfillment. See article in ^^Good Housekeep- ing, April, 1914.)
(D) Eye Cream. {A mixture of cocoa butter and lan- olin, or some similar fat. No medication what- ever could be found, not even boric acid. A small salve box of this is sold for $2. It is claimed that all eye troubles can be cured by massaging the eyelids with it. Pretensions ob- viously misleading and impossible of fvlfJl- ment.) Musterole Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio,
(D) Musterole. (A good mustard and nj^nthol prep- aration, probably non-blistering as claimed, but the statements that it would prevent pneu- monia, and that there is ^^ nothing like it'^ for
140 1001 TESTS
rheumatism, pleurisy, tonsUitis, etc, are mis- leading.)
New Skin Company, 98 Grand Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. -A- New Skin. (Essentially a flexible collodion with amyl acetate; has also antiseptic properties but ^^germ^killing'^ powers are somewhat problem- atic)
Nikola Chemical Company, 449 W. 52n(i St., New York, N.Y. (D) Nikola Bathing Compound and Weight Reducer. (Essentially washing soda with a little salt. The claim that it is '^Recommended by leading physicians here and abroad as a weight reducer and a preventative of gout, rheumatism, kidney trouble, and all forms of skin diseases'' is pal- pably mdsleading,)
Oakland Chemical Company, New York, N. Y. * Dioxogen.
Olmsted, Allen S., New York, N. Y.
(N) Allen's Foot Ease. (Essentially talc and boric acid. Any good borated talcum powder would be equally efficacious in relieving and prevent- ing blisters, etc Could do nothing curative for '^ ingrowing nails and bunions.")
Pond's Extract Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Pond's Extract. (Distilled extract of witch hazel; slightly exaggerated claims, though it is not described as a remedy, but only for use in earache, boHs, toothache, neuralgia, sore eyes,
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 141
etc; claim that ^^ nothing else is so healing to the skin" is exaggerated.)
Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass. (D) Cuticura Ointment. {A vaseline and wax prep- aration, perfumed, depending essentially on the small amount of phenol present for its anti- septic value. Claims for its efficacy in treating humors, ulcers, eczema, etc, greatly over- stated.)
Pure Gluten Food Company, 90 West Broadway, New York, N. Y. (N) Hoyt's **Sweetina." {A preparation of sac- charin for the use of diabetics. Legitimate product if plainly named.)
Rueckheim Brothers and Eckstein, Chicago, 111.
(N) Angelus Cough Drops. {A horehound cough drop, flavored with sassafras and containing no drugs. 25 per cent, of glucose and 64 per cent, of sucrose. Statement that it is highly recommended for sore throat, is a slight exag- geration.)
Sam Katz Company, 1325 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. (D) Sam Katz Oxygen Treatment for Catarrh. {This treatment consists of four parts: (1) A so-called oxygen germicide, consisting of sodium perborate flavored with cinnamon. (2) Plumose fiber, which is absorbent cotton
142 1001 TESTS
heavily impregnated with aromatic suistances, methyl salicylate, menthol, etc., and (3) tioo sets of tablets one of which generates oxygen on treatment with acid. Product might have some disinfecting power but is entirely unable to fulfill the claims made for it as a catarrh cure and the claims based on the liberation of oxy- gen in the stomach and intestines are unscien- tific and unwarranted,) Sargol Company, Binghamton, N. Y.
(D) Sargol. (The report of the British Medical As- sociation on Sargol is recorded in the ^^J^owrnal of the American Medical Association' ' as fol- lows:
Sugar 18.0 per cent.
Insoluble protein 10.8 ^' ''
Sodium and potassium
hypophosphites 7.7 *' **
Albumin (soluble) 4.2 ^' *'
Lecithin 1.9 '' ''
Zinc phosphid 0.7 '' '^
Talc, KaoUn, n^oisture, etc,
(The composition of such products variM from time to time and manifestly while such a combination might have some little tonic value, its effect would be problematic, and the claims made for it as a flesh builder, and the state- ment that ^'any man or woman can now be plump and well developed," or that it ^'makes
HOUSEHOLD REMEDIES 143
puny, peevish people plump and popular'^ are very absurd. Eggs, milk and grains are a bet- ter source of phosphorus and lecithins. Great tonic value of hypophosphites is an exploded notion. It was estimated that 30 of these tablets, which sold for $1, had an intrinsic value of 21/^ cents.)
Spencer Kellogg and Sons, Buffalo, N. Y.
if Tasteless Castor Oil. {Practically tasteless and claims for its efficiency only slightly exagger- ated.)
Stearns, Frederick and Co., Detroit, Mich.
(D) Headache Cure. (Shac.) {A typical headache remedy containing in each wafer one-half grain of caffein and 4 grains of acetanilid, the latter being a dangerous and heart depressant drug which has no remedial value but merely reduces the susceptibility to pain.)
Sterizol Sales Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Sterizol, The Perfect Antiseptic. (An antiseptic mixture of sodium chlorid and borax, with a small amount of menthol and thymol. Sold for $1 a package and recommended for practically every known ill. Claims for its efficiency and superiority are entirely unwarranted. Charge is excessive,)
Sulpho-Napthol Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Sulpho-Napthol. {A very good coal tar prepara- tion having front 2.3 to 3.8 times the efficiency
144 1001 TESTS
of carbolic acid, hut the extravagant medicinal and curative claims might prove misleading to the laymmi.)
West Disinfecting Company, New York, N. Y.
^ C. N. Disinfectant. {A very excellent phenol, cresol, coal tar disinfectant in concentrated soap solution; germicidal value nearly six times that of phenol hut the claims, while much moderated are still slightly hroad.)
Woolheal Chemical Company, 149-151 Church street, New York, N. Y. (D) Wool Heal. {A partially purified wool grease, in- ferior to the TJ. S, P. lanolin. Extravagant claims made that it will afford immediate re- lief in the most distressing forms of pimples, and all flesh and skin hlemishes,)
LAED, BUTTEES, AND THEIE SUB. STITUTES
IT is quite impossible to certify without sanitary inspection to the materials from which lard and butter have been made, but careful chemical tests were made of these products to determine whether or not they complied with the standards as to the amount of moisture and the quality and quantity of the fat present, and were free from artificial color or preservatives. Over and over we are asked, **Is oleomargarine wholesome?" and **What is Crisco?" Oleomargarine may digest somewhat more slowly than butter but this does not prove that it is less nutritious. There is no reason why it should not be an acceptable food if honestly sold at a lower price than the more delicious, but no more wholesome, butter. This is assuming that the oleomargarine is made in a cleanly way from pure neutral lard, beef fat, or vegetable oils, with or without the admixture of cream or butter.
Crisco, the much advertised cooking fat, is made from cotton seed oil by a special process which solidifies it There are no scientific data as to its
146 1001 TESTS
relative digestibility, but as far as we know it is a perfectly wholesome and efficient substitute for cooking butter and lard. Claims made as to its taking the place of butter in cake making and the superiority of foods that are cooked in it, open up a debatable field to put it mildly. Cooks will doubtless disagree on these points. It is said to be richer than butter because it contains less water and therefore, has relatively more fat in a given bulk. To this extent it is more economical. The question of flavoring and consistency, how- ever, would enter into cake making and it is ques- tionable whether it takes the place of butter for such uses ; as a frying medium, it undoubtedly has certain physical properties which are advantage- ous.
The peanut butters so extensively used now, especially for children, are included in this section. These products offer in concentrated form a ration very high in two of the principal food elements. All of the products approved contained 45 per cent, or more of fat, about 29 per cent, of protein, and approximately 22 per cent, of carbohydrates. These are plainly rich, highly nutritious foods to be eaten in small quantities, rather than perfectly balanced foods for a general diet as they are some- times claimed to be.
LARD, BUTTERS, SUBSTITUTES 147
TESTED LARD, BUTTERS AND THEIR SUB- STITUTES
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Ammon and Pearson, Jersey City, N. J.
* Oleomargarine, Baby Brand. {A properly Id-
beled and acceptable oleomargarine, uncolored. Has no right to appellation ^^ Creamery But- terine/' which is sometimes used and is mis- leading. ) Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
* Armour's *' Simon Pure" Leaf Lard.
Beechnut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. T.
* Beechnut Brand Peanut Butter. Bosman and Lohman Company, Norfolk, Va.
* Nut-Let Peanut Butter.
Carque Pure Food Company, Los Angeles, California.
* Carque 's Nut Cream Butter. {Ground nuts with
cocoanut; somewhat extravagant nutritive claims,)
Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Md.
* Lard.
Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago and New York. ic Cottolene. (Cotton seed oil and beef stearin, un- colored,)
148 1001 TESTS
Fox River Butter Company.
ik Pure Butter. C^ Absolutely Pure" claim objec^ tiondble, as always. An excellent product, however, with very low moisture content, show- ing careful preparation.)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Peanut Butter.
Hills Brothers Company, New York, N. T.
"A" Datenut Butter. Jones Dairy Farm, Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin.
^ Pure Lard. Morehouse Mills, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
* Mrs. Morehouse's Peanut Butter. Morris and Company, Chicago, 111.
^ Marigold Oleomargarine. Proctor and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
ik Crisco. (Cottonseed oil solidified by a special process,) Swift and Company, Chicago.
(N) Silver-Leaf Brand Lard. {Of good quality but does not comply with requirements for a 'Heaf" lard, use of the words '^Silver-Leaf Brand'' con- sidered misleading. Five pound pail at 70 cents weighed four pounds. No weight de- clared.)
if Swift's Premium Oleomargarine.
* Swift's Jersey Brand Oleomargarine. Yours Truly Company, Chicago, 111.
* Yours Truly Peanut Butter.
MEATS— (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
IN many of the dried meats potassium nitrate (saltpetre) is present in small amounts. It is not needed to preserve these products but is used solely to give the reddish color of fresh meat to the smoked or dried meat. Its use has never been forbidden by official ruling, and only very small amounts are found, but the purpose for which it is used is clearly misleading, and since nitrate of potassium is rarely employed at present, even for therapeutic purposes, because it is inferior to the harmless vegetable potassium salts, and next to the cyanid and chlorate of potassium salts is consid- ered the most poisonous of this class of bodies, it seems to me obvious that its use in a food product is undesirable, no matter how small the quantities may be.
TESTED MEATS AND MEAT PRODUCTS, (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.)
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved produotg {D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details at to method of rating.)
149
150 1001 TESTS
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Sliced Dried Beef. (Short weight and a trace of saltpetre present,) Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y.
* Beech-Nut Brand Sliced Beef.
* Beech-Nut Brand Sliced Bacon.
Cresca Company, New York, N. Y.
-k Pate de Foies Gras Aux Truffes du Perigord Stras- bourg (Alsace) Germany.
Derby, H. C, Company, New York, N. Y.
* Derby Brand Lambs Tongues.
Ferris, F. A. and Company.
* Our Trade Mark Ham.
* Boneless Bacon.
Forest Home Farm, Purcellville, Virginia.
* Scrapple (unlabeled).
* Sausage.
"A" Virginia Ham. Frank, L., and Son, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (Bought of C. Jevne and Company, 32 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, III.) it Lax Ham. iic Liver Sausage.
* Summer Sausage.
Grand View Farm Produce Company, Lancaster, Pa.
* Pork Sausage.
Gordon and Dilworth, New York City.
* Calves Foot and Head Jelly.
MEATS (CANNED, DRIED, ETC.) 161
Hormel, G. A. and Company, Austin, Minn. ^ Dairy Brand Bacon. ic Dairy Brand Ham. Houston Packing Company, Houston, Texas.
(N) Cooked Whole Ox Tongue — Red Cross Brand.
(Small amount of saltpetre present.) (N) Cooked Compressed Corned Beef — Red Cross Brand. (Small amount of saltpetre present.)
Jones Dairy Farm, Fort Atkinson, Wis. "A- Bacon. * Ham. -At Little Sausage.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, HI.
(N) Wafer Sliced Dried Beef. (Small amount of salt-
petre present.) (N) Potted Meat, Beef Ham Flavor. (A compound
honestly labeled but not of high quality.) ik Boneless Chicken. it Deviled Ham.
(N) Veal Loaf with Pork and Beef Product. (A mis- cellaneous mixture not of high quality.)
Pond, E. K. Packing Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Derby Brand Boneless Chicken. (Coarse, stringy, not high quality, probably old fowls.)
Richardson and Robbins, Dover, Delaware. -k Boned Chicken. it Potted Ham.
152 1001 TESTS
Swift and Company, U. S. A. (N) Premium Ham. (N) Premium Bacon Sliced.
{Small amount of saltpetre present, good qual- ity otherunse,)
Underwood, W. M., Company, Boston, Mass. * Original Deviled Ham.
XV
OLIVE OILS, ETC.
THE olive oils examined uphold tlie opinion that under the law this product as imported is no longer adulterated to any extent. Nearly all the samples complied with the standards. Occa- sionally, some dealer mixes cottonseed oil with olive oil after it is received in this country, as the difference in price makes the adulteration a most profitable one. The cotton seed oil, however, is, as far as we know, just as nutritious and wholesome as the olive oil, but merely has less flavor, is les» delicious and should be properly sold under its own name and at a lower price.
Careful organoleptic tests were made of six of the olive oils examined, which all complied with the standards as far as chemical analysis could deter- mine, to see whether any difference in quality could be detected by an unprejudiced jury. The three im- ported oils included in the test, namely, Artaud, Barton and Guestier, and the Lucca oil of S. Eae and Company, were plainly of deep color, and rich, characteristic flavor and odor. The Pompeian Oil
164 1001 TESTS
was paler in color and blander, the flavor and odor not being so marked ; while the Heinz oil was unan- imously considered to have the mildest flavor and odor, and the palest color ; one juror, however, pre- ferred it on this account. This seems to establish the point that personal taste enters too largely into these fine distinctions of quality to afford any basis for discrimination and all of the oils starred are at least pure olive oils complying with the standards. All edible oils are easily digested and furnish heat and energy with small effort on the part of the body. They spare the carbohydrates and so indi- rectly may be fattening; besides their nutritive value and easy digestibility, they serve as a mild, natural laxative.
TESTED OLIVE OILS, ETC.
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Acker, Merrall and Condit Company, New York City.
* Olive Oil.
Artaud, J. B., and A. Freres, Marseilles, France.
• Pure Olive Oil.
Barton and Gueatier, Bordeaux, France. * Olive Oil.
OLIVE OILS, ETC, 155
Calvet and Company, Water Street, New York, N. Y.
* Huile d 'Olive.
Campbell Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Campbeirs Kooking Oil. (Chiefly a cottonseed oil with some olive oil and possibly a little com oil. Extravagant claims as to being a blend of fruit and vegetable oils, producing a product more healthy than lard or butter. Claims not to compete with cottonseed oil when it is largely cottonseed.)
Castle, The W. A., Company, Springfield, Mass.
* Cream Olive Oil. Chiris, Antoine, Grasse, France.
* Huile d 'Olive, Surfine, U. S. P.
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* Pure Olive Oil, Imported. {A bland light oil,
authentic but not as rich in color and flavor as the other starred products.)
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Olive Oil, Pure, Imported.
Maspero, C, Inc., (Packers) — ^Lucca, Italy.
(N) Lucca Olive Oil, Extra Fine. (Short measure and slightly below standard requirements in some particulars, though no adulterants could be identified.) Mentoni Company, The, New York, N. Y.
(N) Italian Olive Oil, Rudelco Brand. (Good qual- ity, but short weight.)
166 1001 TESTS
Pompeian Campciny, Washington, D. C.
it Olive Oil, Pompeian Brand. (Good, but noi quite so rich in flavor as some other brands.)
Rae, S., and Company, Leghorn.
* Lucca Oil, Finest Sublime.
Southern Cotton Oil Company, 24 Broad Street, New York, N. Y.
* Wesson Snowdrift Oil. {A good cottonseed oil
properly labeled,)
XVI PEESERVES, PICKLES, ETC.
PRESERVES, jams, and jellies are mucli more liable to be compounded and adulterated than are tbe canned goods which depend simply upon sterilization for their preservation and are not mixtures. The housekeeper should read the label on all preserves very carefully. Artificial coloring and chemical preservatives, glucose, instead of sugar, the use of more sugar than fruit, giving a characterless product, and the mixing of fruit residues with apple are aU faults to be looked out for with this class of products. Fruits that have already done service in making jelly may be used again in preserves and some times phosphoric acid and citric acid are added to make up for the lacking flavor of the fresh fruit. Careful label reading will go far to protect the housewife on these points. While, of course, entirely wholesome products may be made by using apples or apple juice for the foundation and merely flavoring it with other fruits, these are not of high quality and if they con- sist principally of apple juice they should be
157
158 1001 TESTS
labeled apple jelly or jam, flavored with raspberry, or strawberry. They have no right to the title ** raspberry jam'' when they consist principally of apple, a much cheaper fruit. Whenever the word ^'compound" appears upon the label it is a signal of distress. These compounds uniformly contain cheaper ingredients than the straight product which they are intended to replace. In other words, the term is usually a synonym for adultera- tion. Compound preserves, as a rule, consist largely of glucose and derive what little fruit fla- vor they have from apple and the residues of other fruits. Compounding is simply cheapening a product with a view to deception and the preserve and jam should represent the pure type of its re- spective kind, if quality is to be attained.
Alum, a substance of very dubious healthful- ness, sometimes used to give crispness, and cop- per sulphate to give a vivid green color, are to be avoided in pickles. All of the products certified in this list contain a due amount of the fresh fruit from which the product is named, give fair weight and are free from glucose, preservatives, and added color. Beading the label carefully is al- most a sure protection on these points.
PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 169
TESTED PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC.
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; [N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Acker, Merrall and Condit Company, New York City.
* Currant Jelly, Black.
* Currant Jelly, Red.
American Fruit Product Company, Rochester, N. Y. (N) Clarendon Brand Blackberry and Apple Pure Jam. (No distinctive flavor, probably should be labeled ^^ Apple and Blackberry. '^ No glu- cose present; a cheap, harmless product but not of *^star" quality.) Austin-Nichols and Company, New York, N. Y. 'k Red Raspberry Preserves.
* Preserved Damsons.
Beech-Nut Packing Company, Canajoharie, N. Y,
* Currant Jelly.
* Grape, Concord, Jam.
k Grape Fruit Marmalade. it Quince Jelly. it Strawberry Jam.
Cresca Company, New York City.
(N) Pistachios. (13 per cent, of glucose was present in the syrup in which these nuts were packed; should have been declared on the label.) ik Rose Leaves. (A jam.)
160 1001 TESTS
Crosse and Blackwell, London, England.
* Apricot, Fresh Fruit Jam.
* Chow Chow.
* Gooseberry, Fresh Fruit Jam. lAr Marmalade, Pure Orange.
* Mixed Pickle.
"At Strawberry, Fresh Fruit Jam. Cruikshanks Brothers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
(N) Apple and Currant Jelly. {No distinctive flavor. Correctly labeled as it is probably an apple jelly, slightly flavored with currant. No glu- cose. A cheap, harmless product, but not of ^^star" quality.) Curtice Brothers Company, Rochester, N. Y.
(D) Blackberries, Preserved. {Preserved with sodium benzoate.)
(D) Pineapple Marmalade, with 10 per cent. Apple Juice.
(D) Quince, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. Apple Juice.
(D) Strawberry, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. Apple Juice.
(D) Raspberry, Fresh Fruit Jam with 10 per cent. Apple Juice.
{Last four products contain approximately ten per cent, of ^'corn syrup" {glucose) , ten per cent, of apple juice and one-tenth of one per cent, of bemoate of soda^ all declared on the label.)
PRESERVES, PICKLES, ETC. 161
Ehman Olive Company, Oroville, Cal. in: California Ehman Eipe Olives.
Gordon and Dilworth, New York, N. Y.
* Orange Marmalade, Pure Fruit Jam. ^ Pineapple, Pure Fruit Jam.
* Raspberry, Pure Fruit Jam.
(^^ Absolutely pure'' claim objectionable as al- ways,)
Heinz, H. J., Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
ifcr Currant Jelly.
'A' Euchred Pickle, sweet.
^ Strawberry Preserves. Humbert and Andrews, Brooklyn, N. Y.
tAt Raspberry Jam, Acme Brand.
"At Strawberry Jam, Acme Pure.
Jefferson Pickle Company, Richmond, Va.
(N) Sweet Gherkins. F. F. V. Crystallized Pickles. (Pickles somewhat tough and shriveled.)
Kidd, Mrs. E. G., Richmond, Va.
* Pin Money Pickles — Gherkins.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Raspberry Preserves.
Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chicago, 111.
* Queen Olives.
* Red Raspberry Preserves.
* Pure Strawberry Preserves.
* Sweet Midgets.
162 1001 TESTS
Marehouse Mills, Chicago and Los Angeles. Mrs. Morehouse 's Pure Fruit Jellies.
(N) Crabapple.
(N) Currant and Apple.
(N) Grape and Apple.
(N) Raspberry and Apple.
{Considered misbranded as there is 30 per cent, of apple juice present and only 20 per cent, of the fruit from which the product takes its name, according to declaration on the label. Should be labeled ''apple jelly flavored with grape, cur- rant, etc. Flavor due to the special fruit named very slight.)
Olney Canning Company, Burt, Oneida, N. Y.
* Strawberries, Burt Olney 's.
Pratt-Low Preserving Company, Santa Clara, Cal.
* Green Gage Plums.
Robertson Preserve Company, James, The, West Som- erville, Boston, Mass.
* Golden Shred Pure Orange Marmalade.
XVII STJGAES AND SACCHAEINE PEODUCTS
THE principal sugar of commerce is known as sucrose. It is produced almost exclusively from the sugar beet and the sugar cane. The quantity made from the sugar beet, considering the world ^s production, is considerably greater than that made from sugar cane. Chemically, the sugar from the sugar beet and that from the sugar cane are identical, but this is only true when both are pure. Eaw sugars from the cane and from the beet differ most markedly. Eaw cane sugars are aromatic, good tasting, good smelling and de- licious. Eaw beet sugars are soapy, bad smelling, bad tasting, and unedible. These differences are caused by the natural differences in the ingredi- ents of the cane and the beet. The sugar beet con- tains large quantities of potash. When heated the potash unites with the fatty and oily matters present in the beet and produces soaps of a bad smelling and tasting character. The potash salts themselves are bitter. The juice of the sugar cane contains very little mineral matter and no un-
169
164 1001 TESTS
savory products are formed when they are sub- jected to heat. The natural aromatic substances of the cane give rise to pleasant odors about a cane factory, while just the opposite obtains at a beet factory. It is sometimes possible to distin- guish a refined beet sugar from cane sugar by its odor, especially if it is kept in a closed con- tainer.
The pure granulated sugars made from the sugar beet and sugar cane are equally useful for domestic purposes. Some manufacturers and housewives prefer cane sugar for the making of cake, preserves, jams, jellies, etc., and also cane sugar is preferred by many confectioners. For ordinary sweetening purposes, however, for coffee, tea, etc., there is no difference between a pure high grade cane sugar and a pure high grade beet sugar. In the United States the sugars which are consumed are chiefly cane; in a consumption of four million tons only about seven hundred thou- sand tons are derived from the beet.
Invert sugar, which comprises almost the whole of honey, and a considerable portion of molasses and syrups, is a mixture of two sugars obtained from cane or beet sugar by a process which is known as inversion. Invert sugar is sweeter than sucrose itself and is more difficult to crystallize.
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 165
hence, it is an ideal constituent of honeys, syrups and molasses.
The white sugars of commerce are practically all of a very high grade, being 99.5 per cent, pure and over. The remainder consists of ash and mois- ture. Low grade sugars have almost disappeared from the American market. We still have a few brown sugars which represent the second and third grades of the refinery. These brown sugars con- tain considerable quantities of moisture and ash, and also a little invert sugar. They are preferred for some purposes, in cooking and candy-making, to the pure white sugars.
Pure white sugars come in three forms, namely, cut or loaf sugars, granulated sugar and powdered sugar. These are all practically of equal grade. There are certain forms of lump sugar that are very carefully crystallized and broken, such, for instance, as crystal domino, that sell for a much higher price than the ordinary granulated sugars. These high price sugars, however, do not have any greater sweetening power than those ordinarily found upon the market.
A great many people do not understand the dif- ference between molasses and syrups. There is a distinct commercial difference recognized. Mo- lasses is a by-product of sugar-making, in other
166 1001 TESTS
words, after the sugar has crystallized the residual liquid portions are separated and constitute the molasses. Molasses is found in three different grades, namely, firsts, seconds, and thirds or black- strap ; meaning the product from the first, second and third crystallizations respectively. The mo- lasses is separated by a machine known as a cen- trifugal, but in the early days of sugar-making the molasses was separated by gravity, leaving a brown sugar of rich and aromatic character and producing a molasses of the finest quality. This old fashioned New Orleans molasses is no longer obtainable in the markets.
Syrups are the product of the direct condensa- tion of the expressed juices of the sugar-producing plants without the separation of any sugar. The only treatment which syrups should receive is that of cleansing during the process of evaporation. Thus the sap of the maple when evaporated to a proper consistency produces maple syrup. The same is true of the sap of the sugar cane and of sorghum. These three kinds of syrup are prac- tically the only natural syrups on the market. In addition to these, a large class of so-called syrups is made by mixing. The base of the mixture is usually glucose, incorrectly called *'corn syrup." Glucose can be made of potatoes, as well as of In-
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 167
dian corn and if it is to be called a syrup at all it should be called either com starch syrup or potato starch syrup, as the case may be. According to the standards fixed by the Secretary of Agricul- ture, according to law, the term ** syrup'* unquali- fied signifies only the concentrated sap or juice of a sugar-producing plant. The mixing of syrups is more or less misleading in character ; as an ex- ample, the following may be cited. Glucose in its natural state is never sold nor used as a table syrup. The so-called refiners' syrup, which is the last liquid product of the refinery, has such a salty taste, and such a peculiar flavor, acquired during the process of manufacture, as to be prac- tically inedible. A large business is done in this country by mixing glucose with refiner's syrup or sugar syrup and selling them as a table syrup under various fancy names, such as Karo, Velva, etc.
There are many mixtures of maple syrup with other syrups, especially sugar syrup. In some States the percentages of the mixtures are required to be named upon the label. This should be the case everywhere. The quantity of maple syrup employed is usually extremely minute, scarcely sufficient to give the definite maple flavor, yet such syrups are sold under such a guise as to
168 1001 TESTS
indicate to the consumer that they are largely the product of maple. The pure food law has proved to be a great protection to the buyers of maple and other syrups, but it is not as complete a protection as could be hoped. The consumer who goes into a grocery store to-day and asks for syrup is not very apt to get an article which properly bears that name. He is more likely to secure a mixture of different kinds of syrups than to secure a pure cane, maple or sorghum product.
The use of sulphur fumes in clarifying saccha- rine juices and of solutions of salts of tin in whitening sugar in the centrifugal machines, in- troduces into the residual molasses these two ob- jectionable products. Any notable quantity of these products, especially of sulphur dioxide would lead to the placing of the article in the noncom- mittal or disapproved classes. With misgivings, I have starred samples of molasses containing not over 0.007 per cent, of sulphur dioxide, according them the lowest rating for a ' ^ star ' ' product, to this extent overlooking this minute amount of sulphur dioxide, because of the otherwise exceptionally good qualities of the product and the condition of the trade and official rulings on this point.
Honey is composed almost exclusively of invert sugar, which is gathered by bees from flowers and
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 169
stored in the comb. The temptation to adulterate, especially the strained honeys, is great, inasmuch as the addition of glucose, of a syrup made from invert sugar, or of pure cane sugar syrup can be profitably practiced. These forms of adultera- tion, however, are easily detected by the chemist and the practice is much less prevalent than was formerly the case.
TESTED SUGARS AND SACCHARINE PRODUCTS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Adirondacks Maple Company, Lowville, Lewis County, N. Y. (N) Pride of the Ad-i-ron-dacks Maple Syrup. {Claims to he ^^ absolutely pure.'' The ash and other distinctive determinations were either below the average data established for first-class syrups or even below the minimum, A ^^bor- der-line" product.)
American Sugar Refining Company.
* Crystal Domino Sugar,
^ Crystal Domino Confectioner's Sugar.
* Crystal Domino Granulated Extra Fine Sugar. ^ Crystal Domino Powdered Sugar.
* Crystal Domino Cane Sugar Syrup. {Largely in-
170 1001 TESTS
vert sugar with probably a little refiner's syrup,)
Corn Products Refining Company, New York, N. T.
(D) Karo, Dark Colored. (Largely glucose, with ap- proximately 10 to 15 per cent, of refiner ^s syrup, the last product of the sugar refinery. Not a true edible syrup, as it consists largely of dextrin, which is not a sugar at all, and the standards and usage require that an edible syrup should be a sugar or saccharine product. Not a ^^corn syrup'' but a ^^corn starch syrup," or commercial glucose flavored with refiner's syrup.)
(D) Karo, Light Colored. {Consists largely of glu- cose and approximately 10 per cent, of sugar syrup and flavoring material, vanilla. The comment made above applies to this product also.)
DufF, P., and Sons, Pittsburgh, Pa.
* New Orleans Molasses. (Minute quantities of
sulphur dioxide and tin present.)
Heam and Jones, New Orleans, La.
iir Woman's Club Brand, Pure Molasses. (Minute quantities of sulphtir dioxide and tin present.) Humbert and Andrews, Brooklyn, N. Y.
:*r Acme Brand Pure Strained Honey.
Leggett, Francis H., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Premier Brand Strained Honey.
SUGARS, SYRUPS, ETC. 171
Leslie-Durham and Company.
(N) Leslie's Maple Syrup. (A harder line product, mineral ingredients are too low for a first-class maple syrup; either a very poor run or a mix- ture.) Love, J. S., Hattiesburg, Miss.
it Pure Cane Molasses. {Really a high grade cane syrup, incorrectly called molasses,)
New England Maple Syrup Company, Boston, Mass.
* Golden Tree Pure Honey.
(N) Vermont Maple Sap Syrup. {A border line product. Claims ^^ choicest quality, absolutely pure,'^ which it is not. May have been the last run of the sap, or the product of a poor sea- son.)
Park and Tilford, New York, N. Y.
* Amber Syrup. (A pure sugar solution. Term
^^ amber'' slightly misleading, as there is a rec- ognized variety of sorghum syrup bearing that name.) Penick and Ford, New Orleans, La.
* Velva Brand Breakfast Syrup. {Green label.) (D) Velva Syrup. {A mixed glucose and cane syrup,
glucose being the main ingredient (40 per cent.). Contains more sucrose than Kara but the same type of product. A sub-label declares the presence of ^'corn syrup.'' Misleading be- cause ^^ Velva Brand" breakfast syrup is a true
17^ 1001 TESTS
syrup while this is a cheap mixture sold under the same brand name.)
Stromeyer, J., and Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
* Stromeyer Brand *'Penn Mar" of Fancy Table
Syrup. (A good sugar syrup with a little high grade refiner's syrup added; generally extrav- agant claims made for its fame and delicious- ness.)
Towle Maple Products Company, St. Johnsbury, Vt. (D) Log Cabin Syrup. (Barely flavored with maple. Analysis shows almost none present. The Towle process appears to ^'mellow and preserve the delicate maple flavor' ' chiefly iy exclud- ing the maple. Claim appears to he decidedly misleading though statement is made on label ^^Made of pure cane sugar and maple sugar.'')
Vagt, R., Brooklyn, N. Y.
* Emerson Brand Pure Honey.
Vermont Maple Sugar Maker's Market, Randolph, Ver- mont. (N) Vermont Maple Syrup. (A border line product, deficient in the mineral substances, which are characteristic of a true, high-grade maple syrup.)
Welch Brothers Maple Company, Burlington, Vt. (N) Vermont Maple Syrup. (A border line product, deficient in the mineral substances, character- istic of a high-grade maple syrup.)
XVIII
TOILET ARTICLES
COLD CEEAMS
MANY are tlie inquiries received concerning the relative merits of cold creams, the beau- tifying claims made for them, the best types to be used, which ones will grow hair on the face and which will not, presence of harmful ingredients, etc.
There are three principal types of cold creams ; first, the grease creams, which have a base of petroleum or vaseline, with a little wax and sper- maceti, which is the commonest type ; second, the greaseless or ^ Vanishing" creams which consist chiefly of glycerin ^nd soap ; and third, the casein preparations, such as the Pompeian cream. If the massaging with cold creams causes hair to grow on the face it is due to the stimulation of the circulation rather than to the grease. This theory has led nearly all makers of face creams loudly to denounce their competitors' products, as ^^Hair- growing creams," while declaring that their own will **not promote the growth of down on the
173
174 1001 TESTS
face. ' ' It is safe to say that one is no more harm- ful than another in this particular. It cannot be said that any one type is any better than another in general. The selection of a cold cream depends entirely upon the needs of the individual skin, the climate (dry high altitudes, wind and dust, calling especially for such massage), amou-it of outdoor exercise and exposure, etc. For some skins glycerin is agreeable and soothing and for others it is not. This is something which must be deter- mined by experiment. The chief objections to these products are the altogether ridiculous claims made for them. It is well enough to cleanse the pores of the skin thoroughly by massage with a cold cream, thus offsetting the drying or roughen- ing effects of wind and weather, stimulating the circulation and rendering the flesh more firm. Further than this they have no efficacy ; they will not ** rejuvenate the countenance" nor perform any miracles of healing, nor will they ^^ overcome pimples or eruptions," which are nearly always due to the general health and condition of the blood. Where such claims were very misleading, the product has been disapproved, which does not mean that it is harmful in itself. Many of these creams contain some boric acid as an antiseptic, perfume, water, soap, etc. The peroxide creams,
TOILET ARTICLES 176
so-called, are usually misbranded, owing to the fact that the peroxide, even if it has been added in good faith, as is sometimes the case, is present in such unstable form that it quickly decomposes and loses its eflSiciency. None is found in the finished prod- uct, and therefore, no bleaching effect will be pro- duced by the majority of the creams as found on the market.
It has been established in the courts in connec- tion with a case brought against Sartoin, a so- called *^skin food," that this claim is not permis- sible and that you cannot feed the skin by external applications. The skin must be fed by assimilation from within. In the Notice of Judgment published in regard to this product, the statement was made that ** there is no such thing as a ^skin food' sep- arate and apart from a food that nourishes all parts of the body"; ^'said article and preparation could not possibly be a food under any circum- stances." This particular product, incidentally, consisted of epsom salts, colored pink and was of- fered as a skin food, whereas many of the bath mixtures offered as reduction cures, have the same constituent. Strange that the same preparation should reduce the weight under one label and ^^feed the tissues" under another. This is a good example of the foolish conflicting claims made for
176 1001 TESTS
these simple preparations. *^ Madame Yale's" skin food was 76 per cent, vaseline, mixed with fixed oil and zinc oxide, perfumed and colored pink. The courts declared that the statement: ^'It is soothing in its effect on the skin, healing as a magic balm and fattening in its qualities" was false and misleading in that ^Hhe said drug is sim- ply an ordinary ointment." It is strange in the face of these facts that the makers of cold creams will continue to make such obviously false claims for their harmless, simple products.
The following is the pharmacopceial formula for a cold cream, which any one can have put up at a drug store; or a petrolatum product may be bought in bulk as used by the theatrical profession, much more cheaply than when bought in small fancy packages.
Ointment of Rose Water
Spermaceti 125 grams.
White Wax 120 ''
Expressed Oil of Almond 560 *'
Sodium Borate 5 **
Stronger Rose Water 190 ''
To make about (2 lbs. 3 oz.) . 1000 grams.
The only really dangerous products among the cold creams are the so-called freckle creams, which
TOILET ARTICLES 177
contain ammoniated mercury, a poisonous ingredi- ent which causes the skin to peel and takes the freckle with it. The different types of cold creams have been indicated in the list for the guidance of the buyer.
TESTED TOILET PREPARATIONS *
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicate! a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D) , rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
COLD CREAMS
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. (D) A. D. S. Antiseptic Shaving Cream, (Consists of a semi-liquid soap containing a small amount of ienzaldehyde and glycerin. Extravagant claims decrying soap, when it is merely a soap preparation. Antiseptic value slight.) (D) Peredixo Cream. (Soap, water and starch; no peroxide found. Claims to be ^^The original Peroxide Cream,' ^ and to contain '^peredixo/' a great healing agent, unwarranted.) Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Creme Luxor. (The usual type of *' vanishing'^ cream containing glycerin and soap. A good product still handicapped with extravagant
* These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned.
178 1001 TESTS
cldims such as ^'rejuvenates/^ ^'healing/' though former labels implying ''skin nourish- ment'' hxffve been withdrawn. (N) Luxor Cold Cream. {A white petrolatum and wax product, of good quality, perfumed; mis- leading statements to the effect that it is "un- equaled/' "soothes all irritations of the skin," "rejuvenates," etc, still remain, though the "skin food" claims, etc., have been withdrawn.)
B. H. Company, The, Boston, Mass.
"At Priscilla Parsons Cold Cream. (Consists of white
petrolatum, wax, and boric add perfumed,
"for general use.") ir Priscilla Parsons Liquid Cream. (Borax, stearic
acid and glycerin, perfumed; "A skin cleanser
for tourists"; no misleading claims. Good
products and dignified labeling.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
"At Cold Cream. (Fat, petrolatum, wax, soap, and perfume. Claim that it is "unequaled" is not warranted.)
Crane, James C, 108 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. * Creme Elcaya. (A good glycerin and soap prod- uct, perfumed. Statement that it "will not pro- mote growth of hair like the usual cold creams" is objectionable; "renders skin soft, white and beautiful" is also mildly extravagant.)
TOILET ARTICLES 179
Daggett and Ramsdell, New York, N. T.
i^ Perfect Cold Cream. {Fat, wax, petrolatum, soap and perfume. Typical of a good grease cream. Superlative statements that it is ^^unequaled for massage" — ^^The best of all applications/^ etc., unwarranted.)
De Meridor Company, The, New York and Paris. (D) Creme de Meridor. {The soap and glycerin type, perfumed, containing 73 per cent, of water, no fat or wax. Impossible claims as to stimulating and nourishing the skin, and over- coming sallowness, freckles, eruptions, etc.; un- warranted inference that greasy creams deaden and injure the skin. Revision of claims in progress.)
Espey, J. E., Chicago, 111.
ic Fragrant Cream, Espey's. {A very pleasing glyc- erin and Irish moss compound borated. Ex- treme quality claims and use of superlatives are deprecated. Said to be the ^^only perfect substitute for glycerin,'^ when it contains glyc- erin.)
Fay, C, Paris.
(N) Creme Imperatrice. {A saponifiable fat, colored pink and perfumed, containing some zinc ozid§ and bismuth subcarbonate. Absurd claims as to preventing and concealing wrinkles and freckles. No special advantage over cold cream for general use, as claimed.)
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Franco-American Hygienic Company, Chicago, 111. (N) Hygienic Creme Eogiene. {A good glycerin preparation containing boric acid, soap and water. Meaningless claims that it will '^impart a transparent effect not achievable by any other treatment.")
Gannon, E. M., Woodside, N. J., or W. M. Willett, San Francisco, Cal.
(D) Wakelees Camelline. {A suspension of bismuth subcarbonate, and calcium carbonate in rose water, colored pink. Extravagant claims that it will ^^ remove eruptions, sallowness, restore the color of youth, preserve the teeth from de- cay,''— ^^a new discovery,'' etc.) 01116, E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York.
(D) Almond Skin Food. {Saponiflable fat with al- mond perfume. Had become rancid; name not warranted, in any respect. Improbable that true almond is used and there is no such thing as '^a skin food.") iic Disappearing Cream. {The usual soap and glyc- erin compound with boric acid and perfume.)
(N) Lemon Cleansing Cream,
(N) Strawberry Beauty Cream.
(Fair quality; saponiflable fat, perfumed with lemon in one case and colored with co- chineal in the other.)
TOILET ARTICLES 181
Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 1475 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, lU. (D) Kosmeo. (Saponifiable fat and perfume. Of only ordinary quality; claims that ^^It has no equal/^ ^^keeps the skin fine grained/' not per- missible,)
Hinds, A. S., Portland, Me.
(N) Honey and Almond Cream. (A good glycerin and soap preparation, containing tor ax and al- cohol; amounts of honey and almond are neg- ligible in the finished product. Could not be found by the chemist though certified to be added in small amounts. Considered mis- iranded for this reason.)
Hubert, Professor, Toledo, Ohio.
(D) Hubert's Malvina. {One of the dangerous freckle creams, contains ammoniated mercury {a poisonous salt), mineral oil and fat; is of- fered for salt rheum, ring worm, etc., as well as for freckles and falling hair.)
Imperatrix Company, New York, N. Y.
* Imperatrix Skin-Cream. (Perfumed lanolin (fat from sheep's wool) especially absorbent. Claims as to efficiency for beautifying the skin, treatment for pimples, black heads, etc., mildly objectionable,)
Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
(D) Palmolive Cream. (Petrolatum, wax, saponi-
18£ 1001 TESTS
fiable fat, horic acid and perfume. Most ex- treme claims are made as to its nutritious prop- erties, *'an actual iody food acting like magic, healing in a night.'' Name also misleading as it contains little if any palm and olive oils. The claims, however, are impossible regardless of its composition.)
Keeler, Charles C, Atlantic City, N. J.
(D) Superior Cold Cream. {A petrolatum, wax, and saponifiaile fat product, perfumed with rose geranium. The claims that it is ^^The cream that is different," ^^is superior to all others for massage purposes," ^' feeds the tissues and pre- vents wrinkles," ^^is the only thorough cleanser on the market," are not warranted in any par- ticular,)
Lyon Manufacturing Company, Brooklyn, N. T.
(D) Hagan's Magnolia Balm. {A glycerin, zinc oxide and water lotion. Claims to he a '^secret aid to beauty, restore the bloom of youth to faded cheeks, resist the ravages of time, eradicate freckles, eruptions, etc."; could do none of these things, obviously.
Marietta Stanley Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.
(N) **Sempre Giovine" (Always Young). (A solid cake nfiode of a mixture of palm and other oils for massage purposes. Formerly very ex- travagant claims were made for this product,
TOILET ARTICLES 183
which have ieen notably moderated. The name itself is somewhat oijectionable, as no massage medium is a ^'fountain of eternal youth.'')
Plexo Preparations Inc., New York and Paris.
* Plexo Cleansing Cream. (Unsaponifiaile oil with
wax, perfumed. General claims only mildly ex- aggerated.) (N) Plexo Greaseless Cream. {Stearic acid, soap, glycerin, borax, and perfume, not entirely greaseless, therefore not a ^'perfect vanishing cream.'' Could not give ^^ healthy, natural color and glow," as claimed.)
Pompeian Manufacturing Company, 28 Prospect Street, Cleveland, Ohio. lAr Massage Cream. (Moist casein with henzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and a harmless pink dye. Mod- erate claims made based chiefly on the value of the m^issage. A stiff greaseless product.) Pond's Extract Company, Clinton, Conn.
ifcr Vanishing Cream. {A typical well compounded, glycerin and soap preparation, perfumed.) Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 12 E. 23rd street. New York, N. Y. (D) Van-Ola. (Zinc oxide, mineral oil, wax, fatty oil. Claims to be the ^^ Finest compound known," to ^^cure pimples," etc.; composition does not warrant claims.)
* Dr. Pray's Gloria-Lily Lotion. (A preparation
of glycerin, boric acid, Irish moss and aromatic
184f 1001 TESTS
balsam. Slightly/ extravagant claims as to cur- ing suniurn, rough dry skin, etc) Pura Manufacturing Company, Lancaster, Pa.
(D) Almond Dulce Hymettus Honey Cream. (Free fat and stearic acid, held as an emulsion with soap, water and probably gum; borax and in- vert sugar present, perfumed with benzalde- hyde and other oils. Nothing in composition to warrant the claim that it is a very quick and efficient remedy for burns, scalds and skin eruptions. Its antiseptic action is sUght and honey and almond present in very small amounts if at all,)
Rose Petal Wrinkle Cream Company, Eidgefield Park, N. J. (D) Rose Petal Wrinkle Cream. (Two ounces of a soft grease perfumed with rose geranium and sold for one dollar. Would have no special value in '^preventing wrinkles," or in '^ keep- ing the complexion fresh and youthful as com- pared with any cold cream.")
Royal Manufacturing Company, Toledo, Ohio.
(D) Rex Wrinkle Pencil. (Consists of petrolatum, wax and saponifiable fat like lard or stearin. No special efficacy for '^ sallow complexion," ''large pores," etc.)
Simon, J., Faubourg St. Martin, 59, Paris.
* Creme Simon. (Zinc omde, glycerin, and per-
TOILET ARTICLES 186
fume. Mildly objectionable claims, such as '^unrivaled for care of skin/' etc.) Stillman's Freckle Cream Co., Aurora, Ills.
(D) Stillman's Freckle Cream. (Another of the ob- jectionable freckle creams containing ammoni- ated mercury. )
To-Kalon Manufacturing Company, Inc., New York, London and Paris. (D) Creme Tokalon. (This cream consists of water, glycerin, boric acid and considerable free fatty acids, probably a mixture of stearic and pal- mitic with a little gummy substance, possibly Irish nfioss. No soap is present and no oils or fats. A good glycerin preparation with im- possible claims, such as ^^ Possesses astonishing properties for quickly restoring the appearance of youth," ^^ Meets all the requirements of both health and beauty,'' '^ After one application over night will produce most astonishing re- sults," etc)
HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC.
Few hair tonics are injurious, but fewer still can fulfill the claims that are made for them. A hair tonic is usually an alcoholic solution of some of the bodies (such as resorcin, cantharides, and pilo- carpin), believed to have some stimulative effect on the scalp. They owe their efficiency in no small degree to the massage with which they are applied. In hair health, as in body health, the treatment must be fitted to the conditions and therein lies the weakness of all such generalized treatments. The health of the hair depends to a great extent upon the health of the body, nervous condition, circula- tion of the blood, etc., and where this is the case, obviously external treatment is only palliative. It cannot cure. One person's hair may be too dry and another too oily. Is it common sense to apply the same treatment to both? In one case a little carbolated vaseline massaged into the scalp might be of more benefit than a drying alcoholic tonic. The stimulative principles, when they are expen- sive, are usually present in very small amounts. We are not going into the hair tonic business, but suggest the following formula put up with water
186
TOILET ARTICLES 187
instead of alcohol, as one having general stimula- tive principles: Pilocarpin nitrate, 1 gram; re- sorcin, 25 grams ; water, 500 grams.
As for the various shampoo powders which de- pend upon washing soda and borax to dry out the hair and give the fluffy effect promised, they must certainly be injurious if their use is long contin- ued. They are expensive and the claims made for them are not true. Nearly all of the tonics claiming to *^ restore the color of the hair'' with- out dyeing it depend upon the interaction of lead acetate and sulphur to brown the hair. Lead acetate is a poisonous salt and while the actual injury done will vary with the individual suscep- tibility, the extent to which the tonic is used, etc., it cannot be considered a legitimate ingredient of a product to be rubbed into the scalp.
Black hair dyes frequently contain nitrate of silver, which while less poisonous than lead, is still dangerous when used by the inexperienced. Seri- ous consequences frequently follow the constant use of such products, the damage varying with the individual susceptibility. No hair dyes can be recommended. As one eminent dermatologist has said, *'The only sensible thing to do with gray hair is to admire if Dyeing is unesthetic, as well as unhygienic. The hair soon becomes dead and
188 1001 TESTS
dingy in color and repeated applications of tlie dye must be made, so that the results are undesirable from the standpoint of beauty, as well as from that of cleanliness and health.
TESTED HAIR TONICS, SHAMPOOS, ETC.*
(8 tarred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (^) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Alexander and Mendes, New York, N. Y.
ik Brilliantine (Carnation). {Merely an unsapom- fiaUe oil, perfumed with cloves. Harmless hut no lasting efficacy.) American Druggists Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. ^ A. D. S. Liquid Shampoo. (A liquid soap contain- ing about 60 per cent, of water.)
Empress Manufacturing Company, New York City. (D) Empress Improved Instantaneous Hair Color Restorer. (A solution of paratoluylene diamine with sodium sulphite and sodium hydroxide. Ammonium persulphate is also present. One of the least objectionahle anilin dyes but could not be guaranteed to be noninjurious in all cases. Statement that it is ^^ absolutely harm- less*^ and ^'perfectly hygienic'' could not be guaranteed for this or any other hair dye. Is not a ^^ color restorer'' but a dye.) * These are in no sense complete statements of analyses ; only
the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned.
TOILET ARTICLES 189
Gille, E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York, N. T.
(N) Dandruff Salve. {Fat perfumed with oil of cloves. No special claims made; of no more value than any good vaseline.)
(D) Shampoo (Spun Gold).
(D) Tonic (Spun Gold).
(A deliberate deception, as the shampoo is es- pecially stated to he not a bleach, which is true, but the accompanying ^^tonic'' is nothing more nor less than the regular bleach, peroxide, containing acetanilid.)
Giroux Manufacturing Company, Buffalo, N. Y.
"A' Parisian Sage Hair Tonic. {No harmful ingre- dients present. Contains glycerin, capsicum and very little sage, name hardly justified. Small amounts of resorcin and cantharides in- dicated. The claims made in the advertising material are moderate, as they should be.)
Hall, R. P., and Company, Nashua, N. H.
(N) Hairs Hair Renewer. {No lead and true to label. Moderate claims made, ^^For the treat- ment of falling hair,'' etc., but ''Restores hair in the majority of cases," too strong for any hair tonic.)
Hiscox Chemical Works, Patchogue, N. Y.
(D) Parker's Hair Balsam. {A solution of lead acetate with suspended sulphur. The lead salt- is poisonous.)
190 1001 TESTS
Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
(N) Palm-Olive Shampoo. (No constituent found which justified the name. Soap and glycerin present with alcohol as declared.)
Lavox Company, The, Chicago, 111.
(D) Lavox Shampoo powder. (Soap and borax. Claims that it does not make the hair dry and brittle and should be used once a week and does not destroy the oil of the scalp, obviously misleading.)
Peterson, H. S., and Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Canthrox. (Merely borax, soap and washing soda. A mixture that would dry out the oil of the scalp very materially and be injurious in time, if continuously used. Price out of all proportion to cost.)
Philo Hay Specialties Company, Newark, N. J.
(D) Hay's Hair Health. (Another solution of sul- phur and lead acetate, the latter deemed dan- gerous.)
Pinaud, Ed., 18 Place Vendome, Paris.
* Eau de Quinine. (An alcoholic extract of qui- nine, delicately perfumed. Amount of quinine present is very small and its tonic properties are problematic. Claims, however, are mod- erate, as they should be.)
Seele-Thompson Company, New York.
(D) Mme. Seele's French Hair Bluing. (Harmless,
TOILET ARTICLES 191
hut claims to be not a dye or stain while it is in reality methyl violet, a coal tar dye.)
Tokalan, Inc., New York.
(D) Lavona (de Composee). (A liquid in a three ounce bottle, consisting essentially of alcohol 25 per cent., salicylic acid, glycerin, some saponin-like substance {probably present as quillaja — soap bark tree — extract), a suggestion of oil of bay, and water. No alkaloids, caf- fein nor tannin present. Claims that it is^'an unrivaled hair tonic" and '^contains the most efficacious drug known for stimulating the ac- tivity of the hair growing follicles as well as the pigment-forming cells,'' unwarranted.)
Vibert, F., Lyons, France.
(D) Petrole Hahn for the Hair. (About %2 of the volume of the liquid is mineral oil, mostly kerosene; contains no metals nor resorcin; essen- tially alcohol, water, mineral oil, with per- fuming and pungent oils and some resinous drug. The small amount of mineral oil preSf ent might have some antiseptic value, but the claims that ^^ without any exaggeration the ac- tion of Petrole Hahn may be described as m/ir- velous,'' ^^It is indispensable to all who value and wish to retain abundant hair,'' ^'to retain its natural color, etc.," are untenable.)
192 1001 TESTS
Warden Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Ward's Dandni-Cide Shampoo. (Ten cents' worth of crystallized washing soda sold for one dollar. Altogether too harsh and drying an alkali for use as a shampoo and the price is exorbitant. Claims to be ^^a magical prepara- tion/' ^^unsurpassed for treatment of an itch- ing scalp/' ^^The world famous dandruff de- stroyer," etc.)
Waldeyer and Betts, 170 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (N) Swedish Hair Powder. {Merely talc, starch, and powdered orris, used to remove the oil of the hair by brushing. Harmless but hardly ^^A shampoo substitute.")
Wildroot Chemical Company, Buffalo, N. Y.
(D) Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot. {Contains arsenic, and some phenolic bodn^, probaily resorcin; per- fumed and colored. The trace of alkaloidal material present was too small for identifica- tion. Contains 40 per cent, of alcohol, as de- clared, and less than y^ ^f ^^^ P^^ cent, of non- volatile matter. Claims that it is an herb com^ pound and a positive remedy for eczema and dandruff obviously untenable.)
MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS
These miscellaneous toilet preparations present but little opportunity for comment, except that the depilatories and perspiration preventatives are of dubious efficacy, and of very doubtful healthful- ness. Perspiration should not be checked and the products used to bring this about are usually irri- tating and contract the pores so that a double harm may be done.
Many inquiries are received in regard to the depilatories. They nearly all depend upon sodium or barium sulphide, which removes the hair super- ficially, with more or less danger, varying with the frequency of its use, the amount applied, and the sensitiveness of the individual skin. As long as the root of the hair is not destroyed, the hair will return and the claims made for these products are out of all proportion to their ejfficiency. Nearly always fancifully named toilet preparations con- tain simple, well known ingredients for which ex- travagant claims are made and an exorbitant price is charged. They are usually harmless, ex- cept in so far as one^s time and money are wasted and only disappointment ensues.
193
194 1001 TESTS
TESTED MISCELLANEOUS PREPARATIONS *
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Armour and Company, Chicago, IlL
(N) Luxor Bath Powder. {Fifty cents is an exorbir tant price for a package of crystallized^ per- fumed, washing soda. Is not ^'exhilarating and invigorating/^ as formerly claimed.)
B. H. Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Priscilla Parsons Perspiration Preventative. (A water solution of zinc chloride. Might he irri- tating, which fact is virtually admitted on the label. The artificial checking of perspiration hy possibly irritating substances cannot be con- sidered hygienic.)
B. and P. Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
(N) Wrinkle Eradicator. {Merely sheets of perfor- ated court plaster; mechanically may have some value in stretching the skin, but the claims as to medication are not substantiated.)
De Miracle Chemical Co., New York City.
(D) De Miracle Depilatory. {An aqueous solution
•These are in no sense complete statements of analyses; only the most essential and characteristic ingredients are mentioned.
TOILET ARTICLES 196
of sodium sulphide, containing dissolved sul- phur with a trace of sodium sulphite and per- fumed with hay rum. Very extravagant claims are made for this simple preparation, which merely removes the hair superficially,)
Dry Pits Lotion Company, St. Louis, Mo.
(D) Dry Pits Lotion. {Two and one-half ounces of aluminum chloride in water. Price on label $1. An extravagant preparation of doubtful efficacy and healthfulness. Checking of per- spiration by these astringents cannot be con- sidered harmless.)
Floridine Manufacturing Company, 42 Franklin Street, New York.
(N) Lustr-ite Nail Enamel. {A harmless infusorial earth for polishing the finger nails; exaggerated claims.) Forquignon Manufacturing Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach. {Tartaric acid and boric acid, colored with a green coal tar dye. Therefore the claim *^ purely vegetable'' is not warranted. Is slightly antiseptic and non- injurious.
(N) F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel. {Petrolatum with pumice stone, boric acid and soluble dye. Anti- septic and preservative virtues claimed are very slight.)
196 1001 TESTS
Miihlens and Kropff, New York, N. Y. * Eau de Cologne Sea Salt.
Mum Manufacturing Company, 1106 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. (N) Mum (Deodorant). (A harmless deodorant con- sisting of fat with benzoic acid and zinc oxide. No special claims made. Efficacious in some cases.)
Murray, Joseph T., Rochester, N. Y.
(D) Beaux Yeux. {A glycerol of pepsin, colored with cochineal and flavored with oil of rose. The pepsin present is in an active state and was found to digest egg albumen. Would brighten the eyes only when natural pepsin was lacking, and dull eyes were due to indigestion! A most overrated product as it could not '^in- tensify the natural color of the eyes and make them very brilliant.'^)
Odorono Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(D) Odor-0-No. {Essentially a solution of alumi- num chloride, with a little free hydrochloric acid, and a trace of bromid, artificially col- ored; 1% fluid ounces sold for fifty cents. It may clog the pores and irritate the skin. The *' Journal of the American Medical Associa- tion'^ declares the preparation to be ''both fraudulent and dangerous.^')
TOILET ARTICLES 197
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 12 E. 23rd street, New York, N. Y. "A Diamond Nail Enamel. {Infusorial earth, eosin (coloring). Claim ^^a brilliancy equal to dia- monds," is obviously a flight of fancy.)
(D) Ongoline. (Tartaric acid and orange flower water; claims to be a new compound having special efficacy and warns against oxalic acid, which is more efficacious and while poisonous is not injurious for external use.)
(D) Rosaline. (Essentially fat, wax and eosin (col- oring). The claims that it is '^A skin beauti- fier, containing high medicinal virtues,' ' that it '^preserves the skin,'' and is '^superior to any rouge," are entirely unwarranted,)
Stenzie Manufacturing Company, San Francisco, Cal. (D) Stenzie. (A plastic mixture of colophony, with some balsam and a small quantity of pink dye. The price $1.50 is exorbitant. The hair is re- moved superficially, merely by applying the preparation in a plastic condition and stripping it off after it has hardened, which would ap- pear to be a rather crude and painful process of removing hair,)
PERFUMES
Chemical analysis gives but little information concerning perfumes. Only an expert can satis- factorily differentiate between these as to quality. The tests made were merely to determine in a gen- eral way the delicacy of the perfume. Some syn- thetic blends are so carefully made that only a well trained olfactory nerve could distinguish them from the true flower essence. In other cases, as with the violet, for example, the true perfume and the artificial ionone used to simulate it, are quite easily distinguished. Very occasionally the point is raised that refined methyl or wood alcohol, known as Columbian spirits, is used in perfumes instead of ethyl alcohol. While the refined spirits are not so objectionable as the crude wood alcohol, which could hardly be used because of its odor, still the action of even the refined product on the optic nerve is such as to render its use in perfumes inad- missible, as they might be employed for bathing the head and eyes, and would be objectionable if not dangerous. Sometimes a point on excessive price, in comparison with quality could be checked, but for the most part the selection of a perfume is
198
TOILET ARTICLES 1»9
merely a matter of personal preference and rela- tive expensiveness, and no special protection can be afforded the consumer by an examination.
TESTED PERFUMES
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
American Druggists' Syndicate, New York, N. Y. (N) Violet Toilet Water. (Colored green. Appar- ently artificial odor not especially delicate,)
Bourjoias, A., and Company, Paris.
(N) Bouquet Manon Lescaut. (Only a strong cologne, for which a high price ($1.60) is asked,)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Eclat (Perfume).
* Imperial Lilac. {A good toilet water.) Crown Perfumery Company, London.
(N) Crown Lavender Salts. {Objection to the claim that these salts '^purify the air in sick rooms/* etc. They do not purify the air at all, but merely mask unpleasant odors by an agreeable one, quality good.)
Dralle, Hamburg.
* Illusion Violette, Violet, Veilchen.
Gelle Freres, Paris.
* Seduction.
200 1001 TESTS
Hanson and Jenks Company, New York, N. Y.
* Sweet Peas (perfumery).
* Violet Toilet Water— Brat.
* "Wood Violet Toilet Water. Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y.
"At Violet Sec Toilet Water. (Appears to be artificial violet.) Jennings Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.
* Dorothy Vernon Perfume. Lanman and Kemp, New York.
* Florida Water. Lazell, New York.
* Lazell's Field Violets.
* Lazeirs Japanese Honeysuckle Perfume. (Syn-
thetic perfume,)
Pinaud, Ed., Paris.
* Lilas de France — Extrait Vegetal.
Rieger, The California Perfumer, San Francisco.
* Flower Drops — Violet. (An expensive product
$1.50, but having the perfume of natural vio- lets. Claims somewhat excessive, ^'The most exquisite odor in the world, one drop diffuses the odor of thousands of blossoms,^')
Roger and Gallet, Paris.
* Eau de Toilette — Pois de Senteur. (Sweet Pea.)
* Extrait de Violette de France.
\Vantine, A. A., and Company, New York, N. Y.
* 0 Lotus San (Perfume.)
TOILET ARTICLES 201
* East India Sandal Wood Sachet. ^ Sandalwood (Perfume.)
-A- Wisteria Blossom Perfume. 'A' Wisteria Blossom Sachet. At Wisteria Blossom Toilet Water. Vogue Perfumery Company, 234 5th Avenue, New York.
* Vogue Extrait Vegetal Lilasette Fleur. (A glyc-
erin alcoholic solution, perfumed with lilac. Mildly extravagant claims as to quality.)
Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111.
i(r San Toy (Perfume.) (Another case of somewhat exaggerated claims as to quality as: '^ Unri- valed by imported perfumes/')
POWDERS
None of the powders are specifically injurious except in so far as their continuous use without proper massaging and cleansing fills the pores of the skin, and so is undesirable. They consist in most cases of talc, with sometimes a little starch, calcium carbonate, or zinc oxide ; boric acid is fre- quently added as an antiseptic and should be in- cluded in the name of the product if present. The zinc oxide is used largely for mechanical reasons and is not at all objectionable. A mixed powder should be called a toilet or face powder, not a straight talcum. The buyer has a right to know what he is getting. The rice powders, which are of a finer texture, frequently contain considerable amounts of talc, and as the former is the more ex- pensive ingredient, such products are misbranded and must be considered fraudulent, if the talcum is not plainly declared on the label.
Apart from these considerations, the main crit- icism of the toilet powders, is the extravagant claims made for them. They cannot be considered ** complexion beautifiers" nor to have any real value as *' healing agents." For one well-known talcum powder, it was formerly claimed that it
202
TOILET ARTICLES 203
gave immediate relief for cMckenpox, measles and scarlatina, and prevented decay of the teeth. Such extravagant claims for the temporary sooth- ing, cooling effect, that dusting the skin with any borated powder might produce, are obviously unwarranted. Some are finer in texture, more carefully purified, and more delicately perfumed than others, but any of them may be safely used in moderation, and the choice is largely a matter of individual taste.
TESTED TOILET POWDERS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; (N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Allen Pharmacal Company, New York, N. T.
* Koyal Violet Borated Talcum Powder. American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y.
* A. D. S. Majestic Lilac Talc. Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
* Extra Fine Complexion Powder. (A good zinc
oxide, calcium carbonate, and talc powder, per- fumed and tinted pink. Hardly ^^extru fine" especially for the price (50 cents).
B. H. Company, The, Boston, Mass.
-k Priscilla Parsons Face Powder. {Disclosed talc, zinc oxide, pink dye and very strong musk odor,)
204 1001 TESTS
Caswell, Massey Company, Ltd., New York, N. Y. (N) Casma Talcum. (Extravagantly praised as a ^^ perfect, magnificent article.'' The usual hor- ated talcum powder, horax not declared.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
(N) Violet Talcum Powder. (Claims that it ^^ keeps the skin in a healthy condition,^' ^'formula of an eminent physician," unwarranted, A good talc, b orated and perfumed — nothing more — borax not declared,)
Crane, James C, 108 Fulton Street, N. Y.
(N) Elcaya Kiee Powder, Avec Talc de Venise Purife. (Called a rice powder but is % talc, added for good mechanical reasons, but should be plainly labeled ^'Bice Powder with talc" in English. French wording in small type, objectionable.)
Freeman Perfume Company, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(N) Freeman's Medicated Face Powder. (Talc and zinc oxide, good quality, but claims as to medi- cation and effects as a complexion beautifier un- warranted.)
Gille E., 1 Hamilton Grange, New York, N. Y.
* Cream White Face Powder.
* Flesh Face Powder.
* White Face Powder.
(Usiual zinc oxide, talc and calcium carbonate combination, tinted; no special claims made.)
TOILET ARTICLES 205
Gomi, T. D., Geisha Importing Company, 3 East 17th
St., New York City. (N) Oriental Wistaria Talcum Powder. {Should he labeled ^^horated/' a good powder,)
Heyer, George W., Houston, Texas.
* Heyer 's Prickly Heat Powder. (Consists largely
of zinc oxide with starch and small quantities of camphor and phenol. Claims moderate. ^^For heat and itching of shin.'^)
Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y.
(N) Violet Sec Talcum. (Should be labeled ''bo- rated/' a good powder,)
Kirk, James S., Co., Chicago, 111.
(N) Jap-Rose Toilet Talcum Powder. (Composed of talc and zinc oxide; a borated toilet or com- plexion powder. Is not a straight talcum, strictly speaking , when so compounded,)
Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y.
* Riveris Talcum Powder. (Talcum; excellent qual-
ity with fine perfume. Not ^'a necessity for baby's health' ' as claimed,)
Levy, Ben., Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) LaBlache Pace Powder. (A good powder, (talc
206 1001 TESTS
and zinc oxide) which claims to produce ^'a clear, healthy complexion.'' This is obviously impossible. It merely conceals blemishes, the same as any other powder,)
Marinello Company, Chicago, 111.
it Marinello Powder. {A slight trace of heavy metal, tin or antimony, probably present as an im- purity in the zinc oxide,)
Mennen, Gerhard, Chemical Company, Newark, N. J. -*- Borated Talcum Toilet Powder. (A high grade talcum now accurately labeled,)
* Violet Talcum Toilet Powder Borated. {A good
borated talcum powder, perfumed. Claim ^^sci- entifically borated'' meaningless, but revised la- bels are conservative,) Napoleon Pharmacal Company, New York, N. Y.
* Napoleon Lilac Aseptic Toilet Powder — Borated. Plexo Preparations, Inc., New York and Paris.
(D) Plexo Evening White. (A semi-liquid mixture of zinc oxide, calcium carbonate and alcohol. Has artificial violet perfume. Claims to conceal all imperfections and still to be invisible. ^'WUl not rub off"; claims not tolerable,) Pozzoni, J. A., Pharmacal Company, Chicago, Illinois.
(N) Pozzoni 's Gold Puff Box. (Extravagant claims for a complexion powder and rouge, both con- taining a pink dye and the powder carrying bis- muth subcarbonate and zinc oxide. Not in- jurious but over pradsed.)
TOILET ARTICLES 207
Pray, Dr. J. Parker, New York, N. Y.
(D) Dr. Pray's Hy-Gen-ia Face Powder. (Talc, zinc oxide and starch with some magnesium carbon- ate. Claims that it is healing, does not clog glands or pores of the skin, a preservative and medicinal powder, are deemed unwarranted,)
Pura Manufactviring Company, Lancaster, Pa.
(D) Hymettus Rose- Violet Talcum Powder. {Con- tains zinc oxide, boric acid and talc, with a deli- cate perfume. Many talcum pouters are bo- rated and the claims that it is '' softer, finer and more refreshing than other talcum prepara- tions,'' and that it ^^ heals'' are not warranted. Is not a straight talcum; should be labeled *^a borated toilet or complexion powder.")
Stafford-Miller Company, St. Louis, Mo.
(D) Carmen Complexion Powder. (Usual combina- tion of talc, zinc oxide and starch, perfumed and colored. Claims that it is the ^^hest for the skin," ^^ never dusts off," ^^ never shows pow^ der," ^^ superior to other complexion powders," etc., are unwarranted.)
Tetlow, Henry, Philadelphia, Pa.
(D) Tetlow 's Superb Gossamer, Harmless for the Com- plexion. (Another combination of talc, zinc ox- ide, starch and perfume. Good in itself, but claims that it '^really nourishes, benefits and softens the skin " does not obstruct the pores, and is superior to all others, absurdly overdrawn.)
208 1001 TESTS
Vantine, A. A., and Co., New York, N. Y.
* Geisha Pace Powder. (Talc, zinc oxide and starch,
perfumed and colored,)
* Kutch Sandalwood Talcum Powder. (Talc, pow-
dered orris, and sandalwood oU,) ik Wistaria Blossom Talc. (Perfumed talcum pow- der with a little starchy material,)
Vogue Perfumery Company, New York, N. Y.
,(D) Vogue Poudre de Riz. (Claimed to te a rice pow- der but is 84 per cent, talc. Is, therefore, plainly mishranded. No objection to adding some talc, for mechanical reasons, if declared.) "At Vogue Liquid Complexion Powder. (Merely zinc oxide and a little calcium carbonate suspended in perfumed water.)
Williams, J. B., Company, Glastonbury, Conn.
(N) Violet talcum powder. (A good borated talcum powder perfumed with artificial violet. Claims that it is ^^unequaled for the toilet,^' ^^ produces a soft, healthy condition of the sJcin, etc,,'' are extravagant, as they would be for any talcum powder; borax should be declared,)
Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) San Toy Talcum. (The usual combination of talc, starch, calcium carbonate, and perfume; no boric acid nor zinc oxide found and still it is claimed that the powder is '^highly antiseptic and healing''; ^^ absolutely perfect.")
SOAPS
The main points in regard to the soaps are to be sure that there is no free alkali or only a trace, and not too much water, that is, that you are getting a fair amount of soap for your money, and not pay- ing for water. The high priced soaps contain no more soap, are no more cleansing and are no purer than many of the five cent products ; in fact, some- times the contrary is the case. If a woman wishes to pay 25 cents to one dollar for a perfumed, colored cake of soap, daintily wrapped, for the pleasure of using it, well and good, but she should know that she is not getting **a bargain. '* Glycerin soaps, for example, while of good quality and useful for some skins, are not economical, as they ** waste ^' more quickly than other types.
The medicated soaps with almost no exceptions must be criticised on account of their extravagant claims. Any soap has some little antiseptic prop- erties, but the amount of antiseptics added to soaps and the conditions under which they are used make it impossible that they should ful- fill any extravagant claimg as to healing skin diseases or producing anything approaching
210 1001 TESTS
complete antisepsis. They present another ex- ample of permissible products over-burdened with impossible claims. Other soaps we are obliged to criticize on the ground of misbrand- ing, since their composition does not warrant the name given them, which would imply the presence of certain ingredients or oils not found in any material quantities. None of the soaps are really harmful except in so far as the extravagant claims made for them might be misleading and cause one to neglect more important precautions and depend upon them for services they could not perform.
TESTED SOAPS
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products {D)j rated at 75 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. Y. (D) A. D. S. Kurakutic Soap. {Misleading name in apparent imitation of ^^cuticura,'' No phenols or other antiseptics detected. Claim ^^invalvr able for skin purification/' misleading,) (D) A. D. S. Improved Foot Soap. (Contains hran, borax, eucalyptus, but no free iodine, nor free olive oil, nor combined iodide in any form (as claimed) could be detected. Fairly good com- position, but claims that it would gradually re- move corns, bunions and callouses unwarra/nted,)
TOILET ARTICLES ^11
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Savon de Toilette Luxor. {A good grade tf soap delicately perfumed. Wrapped in silk and sold for one dollar, A good soap over-priced and over-praised.)
Cereal Soap Company, 8 Beach Street, New York. (D) Zap. {Soap, sodium carbonate, cornmeal and oatmeal found. Statement that '^no soap or soda is required'' is misleading when both are present. Claim that it is ''made from pure vegetable cereals'' is not warranted since other substances are found. Unjustifiable criticism of other soaps and claims that it is ''the greatest skin soap in the world," and is "absolutely pure" deemed unwarranted by its composition, either as determined or claimed.)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
* Cashmere Bouquet Toilet Soap.
* Heliotrope (Soap.)
Crittenton, Charles N., Company, New York, N. Y.
* Glenn's Sulphur Soap.
Fairbank, N. K., Company, Chicago, and New York.
"^ Fairy Soap. {A good floating soap containing
about 15 per cent, of water. All soaps that
float contain somewhat more moisture. No free
alkali or sodium carbonate. A good soap ex-
21£ 1001 TESTS
travagantly praised, ^' Unquestionably the purest, best and most satisfactory soap on the market," ''the cleanest of all soaps for house- hold use," unwarranted; others just as good,)
Hinds, A. S., Portland, Maine.
(D) Hind's Honey and Almond Cream Soap. {Name not warranted by composition; no honey or at- mond detected. Statement that it ''improves the complexion" cannot be guaranteed.) Hudnut, Richard, New York, N. Y. * Violet Sec. (Soap.)
Jergens, Andrew, Company, Cincinnati and New York. ^ Jergen's Violet Glycerine Soap, {Claims "We have caught the real fragrance of the violets"; perfume appears to be largely artificial,)
(D) Woodbury's Facial Soap. {A good grade of soap containing a small amount of phenol or some similar antiseptic. The claim that it is recommended "for eczema and acne," and has "stimulating tonic properties" are not war- ranted, by composition,)
Johnson, B. J., Soap Company, Milwaukee, Wis.
(N) Palm Olive Soap. {Impossible to determine the exact nature of oils and fats used but palm and olive were not present in sufficient amounts to vmrrant the name. No criticism of soap itself.)
TOILET ARTICLES ^13
Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, N. J.
* Synol Soap. {A liquid soap containing phenol and
glycerin. No free alkali; 51 per cent, of mois- ture, Beally a strong solution of carbolic; the surgical claims for antisepsis and germ destroy- ing powers are slightly extravagant.)
Kirk, James S., and Company, Chicago, 111.
^ Jap Eose Soap. (Statement that you ^^use only half as much as you would of any other soap'' unwarranted. Contained 12 per cent water.)
Klein's, Budapest, Hungary.
* Glycerin Soap.
Lever Brothers Company, Boston, Mass.
(D) Lifebuoy Health Soap. (18 per cent, of water, no free alkali and a slight trace of sodium car- ionate; contains cresols or similar coal tar prod- ucts. A good soap hut claims ^^ brings beauty to the skin/' ^'prevents infection/' ^^for saving life and preserving health" not warranted.) Lilly, Eli, and Company, Indianapolis, Ind. -At Lilly's Liquid Soap — ^unscented.
Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., New York, N. Y.
(N) Hand Sapolio. (71 per cent, sand and little ex- cess alkalinity. Claims to equal a mild turkish bath; not of ^^ perfect purity." Has a place for removing stains, etc., but some claims excessive.)
214 1001 TESTS
Mulhens and Kropff, 298 Broadway, New York City.
* White Rose Glycerin Soap.
Packer Manufacturing Company, New York.
* Packer's Tar Soap.
Pears, A. F., Ltd., 71-75 New Oxford Street, London, W. C.
* Pears' Soap.
Potter Drug and Chemical Company, Boston, Mass. (D) Cuticura Soap. {A good grade of soap contain- ing a small quantity of prussian blue and prob- ably a little phenol, Prussian blue has been recommended for skin diseases. Excessive claims made for Cuticura as to the prevention and treatment of skin eruptions, are not war- ranted by its composition,)
Proctor and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio.
* Ivory Soap.
Remmers, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(D) Remmers' Peroxide Soap. (No peroxide could he determined by the usual tests, therefore the name is unwarranted and the product mis- branded,)
Resinol Soap Company, Baltimore, Md.
(D) Resinol Soap. (Contains a small amount of cresol or some similar substance. Impossible claims made to the effect that it ^'prevents acne," ^^nourishes the underlying tissues of the
TOILET ARTICLES 215
skin/' ^^ prevents falling out of the hair/' etc, whereas antiseptic properties are very limited.) Roger and Gallet, Eue d'Hauteville, Paris.
* Savon Violette de Parme.
* Savon Vera-Yioletta. (A good grade of soap,
scented with violet. Sold for 85 cents. No su- periority to the 25 cent cake could he discov- ered. Perfume may he superior hut finished product does not show it. Price excessive.) Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Company, New York, N. Y. (D) Peroxide Zinc Soap. {A good peroxide zinc soap really liberating some oxygen. Claims made, however, as to the ^'antisepsis of the hody/' '^ feeding oxygen through the pores of the skin,'' etc., are ahsolutely unscientific and un- warranted, as the skin does not ahsorh oxygen to any notable extent under any conditions, so far as scientists have been able to determine.)
Wrisley, Allen B., Company, Chicago, 111.
(D) Olivilo Soap. {A good soap but claims untenable: ''Makes beauty/' "lasts nearly twice as long as other ten cent toilet soaps/' "keeps the skin in its natural healthy condition."
TOOTH POWDEES, PASTES, ETC.
There are few if any tooth powders which are really injurious, but their antiseptic power is lim- ited by the conditions under which they are used and the excessive claims made for these simple preparations as to their efficacy in destroying germs, sterilizing the mouth, preventing the forma- tion of tartar, and even preventing or curing pyor- rhea, are out of all proportion to the facts. A good calcium carbonate, alkaline, mouth wash is of value for its antacid properties, and the antisep- tics, such as menthol, benzoic acid, thymol, eucalyp- tol, etc., which are added have a limited efficiency. Plain hydrogen dioxide, however, is probably as efficient an artificial mouth wash as is available. The great claims made for the liberation of oxygen in the mouth and the effect so produced must be looked at askance ; even though the statements may be true to a certain extent theoretically, the effect produced in the mouth is problematic. The claims that the breath is purified are obviously false. The breath may be perfumed or sweetened, but bad breath coming from decaying teeth or lung trouble or indigestion is not purified by the use of any tooth paste, powder or wash, whatever it may
TOILET ARTICLES 217
contain. Some of the preparations are accom- panied by circulars giving laboratory reports and imposing pictures of microscopic slides, ^^ before and after using, ' ' showing the germicidal effect of the products in question. A laboratory experi- ment of this Mnd by no means parallels the con- ditions existing in the mouth and the conclusions drawn from such experiments are unwarranted. The ingredients of the several tooth powders and pastes indicated in the list do not pretend to be complete analyses, as often the ingredients are present in too small an amount to be distinguished by analysis. Only the general character of the product is indicated.
The real function of a tooth paste or tooth pow- der is to assist the brush and water in thoroughly cleansing the tooth by friction. The antisepsis afforded is really secondary and there is room for a wide reform in regard to tooth pastes and tooth powders, as to the claims made in this respect, a point brought out at the recent meeting of the Na- tional Dentists' Association, by Dr. L. F. Kebler, Chief of the Division of Drugs, Department of Agriculture, who said :
*' After learning of the beneficial inhibiting eflfects of the antiseptics on the activities of bacteria, it was nat-
218 1001 TESTS
urally believed that there was the means by which the bacterial flora of the buccal cavity could be controlled or stayed, if not absolutely destroyed. Experiments, however, soon showed that it was impossible to sterilize the oral cavity or even to appreciably diminish the num- ber of bacteria without using the drugs in such strength as to make them intolerable, if not absolutely dangerous, either because of their disagreeable odor, and taste, or because of their effects upon the mucous membrane and their toxicity. ... It is a well recognized principle in bacteriology that the greater the dilution of a germicide, the longer the time of action necessary to destroy the bacteria, and vice versa. From the necessary dilution already considered, it is quite evident that none of these germicidal agents can avail much in sterilizing the mouth, and that antiseptics are of correspondingly little actual value.''
It is these extravagant and misleading claims which made it impossible to give the highest ap- proval to many of the good tooth powders listed. When a very excellent tooth powder containing more antiseptics than usual is said to **kill all germs," *' prevent contagion and all disease,*' and *' cleanse as nothing else will do," we are obliged to disprove it, excellent as its composition may be, as we could not put our guarantee back of such misleading claims.
TOILET ARTICLES 219
TESTED TOOTH POWDERS, PASTES, ETC.
{Starred products (*) are rated at 85 to 100; {N) indicates a noncommittal rating between 76 and 84; disapproved products (D), rated at 76 and less; see Introduction and page xxviii for details as to method of rating.)
Allen Pharmacal Company, New York.
(N) Royal Tooth Powder. {Consists essentially of soap, calcium carbonate, and methyl salicylate. Claims as to preserving and hardening the gums mildly extravagant,)
American Druggists' Syndicate, Long Island City, N. T. (N) A. D. S. Peroxide Tooth Powder. {Chalk, soap, some form of solid peroxide, and flavoring agents. Claims to ^'heal and harden the gunfis,** '' remove all external discolor ations,'' to he ^'a scientific combination of cleansing and anti- septic agents,'^ ^'to leave the mouth in an anti- septic condition.'' Claims unwarranted.) (D) A. D. S. Peredixo Tooth Paste. A Peroxide Tooth Paste. {Use of word ^'Peredixo'' to suggest peroxide. No peroxide whatever found; merely soap, chalk, glycerin, and flavoring agents. Claims to be a peroxide tooth paste, which unll leave the mouth in a thoroughly aseptic and wholesome condition. Name and claims mis- leading.)
Armour and Company, Chicago, 111.
(N) Luxor Tooth Paste. {Calcium carbonate and soap with menthol. A good antacid tooth
g^O 1001 TESTS
paste, hut the claims that it ^^ sweetens the breath/' ^^ hardens the gums," and is ^^anti- septic'' are somewhat overdrawn,)
Colgate and Company, New York, N. Y.
'A' Eibbon Dental Cream. {Menthol, soap, calcium carbonate, benzoic acid, wintergreen, probably glycerin. Claims merely to be antiseptic, which it is to a slight degree,)
Dentacura Company, Newark, N. J.
(N) Dentacura. {A good preparation containing soap, calcium carbonate, methyl salicylate, menthol, eucalyptol, boric acid, etc. No thymol could be detected in the finished product though it is said to be added. Former impossible claims such as ^^ kills all germs," ^'prevents contagion," etc., withdrawn,)
Hall and Ruckel, New York, N. Y.
(N) Sozodont Tooth Paste. {Soap, calcium carbon- ate, eosin {coloring), oil of cinnamon, and menthol, A good tooth paste but the claims that it is the ^'embodiment of ideas of famous chemists," '^ hardens the gums," etc, are not warranted by its simple composition,) (N) Van Buskirk's Sozodont Antiseptic Tooth Paste. {Essentially soap, calcium carbonate, menthol, methyl salicylate and salicylic acid. Claims that it '^ hardens the gums," ''tones and ster- ilizes the mouth," extravagant; other state- ments moderate,)
TOILET ARTICLES ^21
Kalynos Company, New Haven, Conn.
(D) Kolynos. {A good preparation containing cal- cium carbonate, soap, menthol and small amounts of other antiseptics. Overburdened with perfectly impossible claims such a^s '^ dis- ease preventer/' '^destroys germs of diphtheria and pneumonia in less than one minute,'' etc, ^'sterilizes the mouth to degree heretofore be- lieved impossible," etc)
Lavoris Chemical Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
(D) Lavoris. {A mouth wash containing zinc chlo- ride, menthol, oil of cassia and alcohol, as its principal ingredients. Formaldehyde claimed, none found; statements made as to its germici- dal and healing properties greatly exagger- ated.)
Lehn and Fink, New York, N. Y.
(D) Pebeeo Tooth Paste. {Differs from most tooth pastes in containing potassium chlorate; prob- ably is not injurious under the conditions in which it is used, and the amount in which it is present. Other important ingredients are: calcium carbonate, soap, methyl salicylate, and menthol. Extravagant claims as to efficiency in relief of disease, antiseptic value, etc., unten- able.)
Lyon, I. W., and Sons, 520 West 27th Street, New York. (N) Perfect Tooth Powder. {Essentially soap, cal- cium carbonate, and methyl salicylate. Does
22^ 1001 TESTS
not really ^'purify the ireath'' as claimed,) McKesson and Robbins, New York, N. Y.
(N) Calox, The Oxygen Tooth Powder. (Contains peroxide, menthol, methyl salicylate and cal- cium carbonate. Does liberate some active oxy- gen in the mouth but the efficacy of this ingre- dient is greatly over estimated,) Mennen, Gerhard, Chemical Company, Newark, N. J. (N) Cream Dentrifrice. (Consists essentially of soap, calcium carbonate, glycerin, alcohol and aro- matic, antiseptic oils, among which menthol is prominent. Former extravagant claims that it '^sterilizes the breath," ''is highly germicidal, hence a protection against all germ diseases and decay," have been withdrawn but label is still slightly extreme. Pyro Chemical Company, 1212 Saratoga Street, Balti- more, Md. (D) Pyrodento. (An alkaline liquid, containing 5 per cent, of alcohol, as declared, with sodium bicar- bonate, egg albumen, boric acid, glycerin, and small amount of form/ildehyde, and the oils of cinnamon, spearmint and peppermint. No po- tassium permanganate could be detected, though it is claimed in the formula, and if added, is present in too small amounts to be detected or to be of any practical value. Claims that "It destroys bacteria, thus acting as a prophylactic to all diseases of the oral cavity," "hardens
TOILET ARTICLES «23
the gums/^ and is ^^ especially recommended for pyorrhea/' not warranted.) (D) Pyrodento Creme Paste. {Consists essentially of calcium and magnesium carbonates, fixed oil, boric acid, glycerin, egg albumen, a trace of formaldehyde, sodium carbonate, oils of spear- mint, peppermint, and cinnamA)n. No soap, gelatin or starch present. No potassium per- manganate detected. Could not sterilize *'at the mouth,'' and its usefulness in the treatment of pyorrhea, stomatitis, chronic ulcerations, etc., problematic,)
Sanitol Chemical Laboratory Company, St. Louis, Mo. (N) Sanitol Tooth Paste. {Contains calcium carbon- ate, soap, methyl salicylate, and menthol. Claims ^^the most effective cream known to the dentist," ^'of lasting benefit to teeth and gums," not warranted by the composition.)
Sheffield Dentrifice Company, New York City, N. Y. (N) rental Cream. {Essentially sassafras, menthol, soap, calcium carbonate, eosin {coloring) and oil of cinnamon. Over weighted with such claims as the follovnng: ^^ Coats the teeth with an alkaline film that protects them for hours"; ^'neutralizes all acids of the mouth," ^^best in the world," etc.)
United Drug Company, Boston, Mass.
(N) Rexall Tooth Powder. {Essentially soap, cat-
1001 TESTS
cium carbonate, methyl salicylate and thymol. Claims to remove usual cause of decayed teeth and fetid breath. This could not possibly be true, as decaying teeth and bad breath in many cases have deep systemic causes which a tooth powder could not reach. Statement true only in a most general way in so far as it keeps the teeth clean.)
Note: Changes and corrections in ratings and descriptive matter will be published, as opportunity may offer, in Good Housekeeping Magazine. All communications concerning such changes should be addressed to me as Director of the Good Housekeeping Bureau of Foods, Sanitation and Health, Wood- ward Building, Washington^ D. C.
H. W. WiLET.
INDEX
INDEX
A. D. S. Foot Tablets, 131
Improved Foot Soap, 210
Kurakutic Soap, 210
Peredixo Tooth Paste, 219
Peroxide Tooth Powder, 219
Shaving Cream, 177-178 Acker, Merrall & Condit Co.,
155, 159 A-Corn Salve, 135 Adirondacks Maple Co., 169 Adulterants in candies, 33
canned goods, 41
condiments, 96
cocoas, 7
cold creams, 177
dried meats, 149
flours, 79
honey, 169
macaroni, 92
olive oil, 153
preserves, 157
salad dressings, 96
shampoo powders, 187
syrups, 167
vinegars, 97 American Dehydrating Co., 127
Druggists' Syndicate, 55, 131, 177, 188, 199, 203, 210, 219
Fruit Products Co., 21, 159
Malted Food Co., 65
American Sugar Refining Co., 169 Vineyard Co., 127 Ammon & Pearson, 147 Anchovy Paste, Crosse & Black- well's, 123 Angelus Cough Drops, 141 Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n,
21 Anker's Bouillon Capsules, 65 Antiseptic Throat Pastilles, 134 Albumen in baking powders, 2 Alcohol in grape juice, 20 Alexander & Mendes, 188 Alkali-treated cocoa, 6 Allen Pharmacal Co., 203, 219 Allen's Foot Ease, 140 Almond Dulce Hymettus
Cream, 186 Almond Extract, 116, 117, 118,
120, 121 Almonds, Festino, 31 Als Hangesund Preserving Co.,
123 Alum in baking powders, 2 Apple Jam, 159, 160 Juice, Duffy's, 21 Apples, evaporated, 128 Apricots, Del Monte Brand, 46 evaporated, 127 Hunt Brothers', 46
227
INDEX
Apricots, Troubadour Brand,
46 Arbuckle Bros., 13 Armour & Co., 21, 62, 147, 150,
177, 194, 203, 211, 219 Aroma Coffee Co., 13 Aromint Co., 35 Artaud, J. B. & A. Frferes, 154 Artichokes, canned, 66 Asiatic Products Co., 17 Asparagus, canned, 66, 68 Aunt Jemima's Brand Pancake
Flour, 82 Aurora Condensed Milk Co., 56 Austin-Nichols & Co., 66, 98,
127, 159
B. H. Company, The, 178, 194,
203 Bacon, Beechnut Brand, 150 Dairy Brand, 151 Ferris's Boneless, 150 Jones Dairy Farm, 151 Swift's Premium, 152 Baked Beans, canned, 67 Baker Extract Co., 116 Baker, Franklin Co., 109 Baker Importing Co., 13 Baker, Walter & Co., 7 Baking Powder — Calumet, 3 Cleveland Superior, 3 Congress, 4 Davis 0. K., 3 K. C, 4
Dr. Price's Cream, 4 Royal, 4 Rumford, 4 Uprise, 3
Baking Powders, the thre« types, 1 Soda, Slade's, 4 Banana Flavor, 117, 120 Bananas, Evaporated, 127 Barley Crystals, 75
Flour, Jireh Diatetic, 84 Bartlett, Stephen L. Co., 7 Barton & Guestier, 154 Bauer & Black, 131 Beale & Garnett Co., 123 Beans, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 Beardsley's Sons, J. W., 62, 123 Beaux Yeux, 196 Beechnut Packing Co., 98, 150,
159 Beef, Corned, Red Cross Brand, 151 Dried, Armour's Sliced, 150 Beechnut Brand, 150 Libby, McNeill & Libby'i, 151 Beet Sugar, 163 Beets, canned, 67, 68, 69 Bell, Wm. G. Co., 98 Belle Mead Sweets, 35 Benger's Food, Ltd., 56 Bensdorp, (Amsterdam, Hol- land), 7 Benzoate of soda in condi- ments, 96 Berna Milk Co., 56 Berndt & Co., 17 Bernese Alps Milk Co., 56 Biscuit, Adora, 31 Arrowroot, 31 Baronet, 31 Frotana, 32
INDEX
229
Biscuit, Jireh Diatetic, 29
Pakatin, 30
Saltine, 32
Social Tea, 32
Sunshine Assorted, 30
Sunshine Citrus, 31
Sunshine Petite Beurre, 31
Takoma, 31
Uneeda, 32
Water Thin, 32 Bishop & Co., 36 Bismark Grocery Co., 13 Bitter Chocolates, 6 Blackberries, Silver Lake
Brand, 47 Blanke, C. F., Tea and Coflfee
Co., 13, 17 Blendo Food Co., 14 Bliss, Alonzo 0. Co., 132 Blookers (Amsterdam, Hol- land), 8 Blue Jay Corn Plasters, 131 Bonbons, Huyler's, 36
Halliard's, 37
Park & Tilford's, 38
Schrafft's, 39 Borden's Condensed Milk Co.,
14, 36, 56 Bosman & Lohman Co., 147 Bouillon, Clam, 62
Cubes, Anker's, 65 Armour's, 62 Liebig's 0X0, 65 Steero, 65 Bourjoias, A. & Co., 199 Boyle, John Co., 45, 66 Brakeley, Joseph, Inc., 66 Brilliantine, Carnation^ 188
Brooke, C. M. & Sons, 21 Brooke's Lemos, 21 Buckwheat Flour, Teco Brand,
82 Burnett, Joseph & Co., 117 Burnham, E. L. Co., 62 Burnham & Morrill Co., 123 Butter, Fox Kiver, 148 B. & P. Company, 194
California Fish Co., 123
Fruit Canners' Association, 45, 66y 127 Calocide Compound, 138 Calox, the Oxygen Tooth Pow- der, 222 Calumet Baking Powder Co., 3 Calves Foot Jelly, 160 Calvet & Co., 155 Campbell Co., 155 Campbell, Joseph Co., 62 Campbell's Kooking Oil, 165 Candies, adulterants in, 33 Candy Figs, 36 Cane Sugar, 163 Canned Goods, adulterants in, 41 labeling, 44 weights, 42 Canthrox, 190 Capsicum Vaseline, 132 Caramels, Belle Mead, 35
H. D. Foss & Co.'s, 36
Johnston's, 37
Lowney's, 37
Halliard's 37
Park & Tilford'g, 38
Bchrafft's, 39
230
INDEX
Caramels, Whitman's, 40 Carbolated Vaseline, 132 Carque, Otto, 89 Carque Pure Food Co., 127, 147 Carter Lytle Drug Co., 132 Castle, The W. A. Co., 155 Castor Oil, Tasteless, 143 Caswell, Massey Co., Ltd., 204 Catsup, 98
Blue Ribbon, 103
Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 101
Pride of the Farm, 103
Princess Brand, 101
Ritter Conserve Co.'s, 103
Snider's, 105
Yours Truly, 106 Caviar, Cresca Co's, 123 Celery Flavor, 119 Cereal Soap Co., 211 Ceylon Spice Co., 109 Chambers Sons, James, 109 Chase & Sanborn, 14 Cheese Sandwich, 31 Cherries, Cobb's Navy Brand, 46
Del Monte Brand, 45
Evaporated, 127
Hunt Brothers, 46
Troubadour Brand, 46 Cherry Extract, 117 Chesebrough Mfg. Co., 132 Chicken, Boneless, Derby Brand, 151
Boneless, Libby, McNeil & Libby's, 151 Richardson & Robbins* 151 Chili Sauce, Heinz, 101
Chili Sauce, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 101 Snider's, 105 Chiris, Antoine, 155 Chocolate and cocoa, difference, 6; theo-bromin in, 5 Borden's Milk, 36 Chocolat Lindt, 39 Creams, Belle Mead, 35 Caracas, 38 Johnston's, 37 Maillard's, 37 Schraflft's, 39 Skylark, 38 Hershey's Milk, 36 Huyler's Premium, 8 Maillard's Premium, 8 Peppermints, H. D. Fosa &
Co.'s, 36 plain or bitter, 6 StoUwerck's Gold Brand
Premium, 9 Suchard's, 39 Wadsworth's, 39 Whitman's Instantaneous, 0 Yours Truly Premium, 9 Chocolates, Almond Milk, 38 Huyler's, 36
Loose-Wiles' Nobility, 37 Lowney's, 37 Marmay Crimped, 37 Nestle's Almond Sweet Milk,
38 Nestle's Hazel Nut Sweet
Milk, 38 Original Sweet Milk, 38 Park & Tilford's 38 Skylark, 38
INDEX
231
Chocolates, Whitman's, 40
Wilbur's 40 Chow Chow, 160 Christian Company, 82 Christy, Arthur N. & Co., 117 Cinnamon Flavor, 119 Clam Bouillon, 62 Clams, Pioneer Minced, 125 Clark, Coggins & Johnson Co.,
14 Clark's Corporation, 133 Cleveland Baking Powder Co.,
3 Cleveland Macaroni Co., 93 Climax Coffee Co., 14 Cliquot Club Co., 22 Cloves Flavor, 119 Cobb Preserving Co., 46 Coca Cola Co., 22 Cocoa, adulterants, 7
and chocolate, difference, 6
alkali-treated, 6
Baker's Breakfast, 7
Blooker's Daalders, 8
Dutch process, 6
Huyler's, 8
Lowney's Breakfast, 8
Maillard's Breakfast, 8
Phillips Digestible, 8
Royal Dutch, 7
Swiss Chocolates Co.'s, 8
Van Houten's Famous, 9
Yours Truly Breakfast, 9 Cocoanut, Baker's Premium
Shred, 109 Cod Liver Oil Capsules, 135 Codfish, Beardsley's Shredded, 123
Codfish, Gorton's Boneless, 124 Lord Brothers' Boneless, 124 Coffee, Ariosa, 13
Bakerized Steel Cut, 13
Blendo, 14
Borden's Condensed, 14
Caldwell's Electric Cut, 13
Dekofa, 15
Fairy Cup Instant, 14
Hotel Astor, 14
instantaneous, 12
La Touraine, 16
Lockyer's Extra Fancy B., 15
Lockyer's Extra Fancy C, 15
Mrs. Borer's Brand Own
Blend, 14 Old Grist Mill, 16 Pure Essence of, 14 Puri-tan-ated, 14 Queen Isabella Porto Rico,
16 Richlieu Brand Hans Ever*
Process Vacuum Treated,
16 Royal Stag, 15 Seal Brand, 14 substitutes for, 11 The "400" Blend, 15 Tourist, 15
Washington Prepared, 15 White House Brand, 14 Yuban; the Arbuckle Guest
Coffee, 13 Yours Truly, 13 Substitute, Banan-Nutro, 16 Instant Postum, 16 Kellogg's Cereal Beverage,
16
^32
INDEX
Coffee, Kneipp Malt, 15 Colburn, The A. Co., 98, 109,
118 Cold Cream, Almond Dulce Hymettus Honey, 184 Colgate & Co.'s, 178 Cr$me de Meridor, 179 Crgme Elcaya, 177 Cr^me Imperatrice, 179 Crgme Luxor, 179 CrSme Simon, 184 Cr6me Tokalon, 186 Daggett & Ramsdeirs, 179 Espey's Fragrant, 179 Gille's, 180
Honey and Almond, 181 Hubert's Malvina, 181 Hygienic Cr6me Eogiene, 180 Imperatrix Skin Cream, 181 Keeler's Superior, 182 Kosmeo, 181 Luxor, 178 merits of, 173 Palmolive Cream, 181 Plexo, 183
Pond's Vanishing, 183 Priscilla Parson's, 178 simple formula for, 176 Coleman & Co., 22 Colgate & Co., 178, 199, 204,
211, 220 Colman, J. & J., 99 Condensed Milk, 61 Aurora, 56 Gail Borden Eagle Brand,
66 Carnation Brand, 69 Hires, 68
Condensed Milk, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 58 Sweet Clover Brand, 59 Swiss, 56 Soups, Campbell's, 62 Franco-American, 63 Knorr's, 63 Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
64 Puro Brands, 65 Yours Truly, 63 Condiments, adulterants in, 96
benzoate of soda in, 96 Cookies, Chocolate Tokens, 31 Educator Gluten, 29 Edwards's Bran, 29 Lemon Snaps, 32 Nabisco, 32 Old Time Sugar, 32 Sunshine Philopena Almond,
31 Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31 Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32 Corby Brothers, 3 Corn, canned, 66, 67, 68, 70 Corn Products Refining Co.,
Ill, 117 Corned Beef, Red Cross Brand,
151 Cornmeal, Pamunkey Mills, 84 Cornstarch, Kingsford's Os- wego, 111 Cottolene, 148
Cottonseed Oil, 153, 155, 157 Coumarin, definition of, 114 Cox, J. & G., 109 Crab Meat, 124
Hayalan Brand, 126
INDEX
Crab Meat, McMenamin & Co.'s,
124 Crackers, Educatpr Graham, 30
Educator Oatmeal, 30
Graham, 32
Sunshine Graham, 31 Cranberries, D e h y d r o-Fresh,
127 Cranberry Sauce, Premier
Brand, 47 Crane, James C, 178, 204 Cream of Tartar, Slade's, 4 Cream of Wheat Co., 75 Creolin-Pearson, 138 Cr6me de Meridor, 179
Elcaya, 178
Imperatrice, 179
Luxor, 177
Simon, 184
Tokalon, 185 Crescent Mfg. Co., 118 Crescent Mapleine, 118 Cresca Company, 66, 99, 123,
128, 159 Cresco Grits, 75 Crisco, 148
definition, 145 Crittenton, Charles N. Co., 133,
211 Crosse & Blackwell, 14, 100,
123, 160 Crown Lavender Salts, 199 Crown Perfumery Co., 199 Cruikshanks Brothers Co., 160 Crystal Gelatin Co., 109 Cudahy Packing Co., 63 Currant Jelly, 160, 161
Currants, Dromedary Brand,
128 Currie Powder, 100 Curtice Brothers Co., 100, 160, Cuticura Ointment, 141 C. N. Disinfectant, 144
Daggett & Ramsdell, 179
Dalenut Butter, 148
Dandruff Remedy, Wildroot, 192 Salve, Gill6's, 189
Dates, Dromedary Brand, 128
Davies, K. M. & Co., 46
Davis, Frank E. Co., 124
Davis Milling Co., 82
Davis, R. B. Co., 3
De Groff, Lewis & Son, 67, 128
Del Monte brand canned fruits, 45, 46
De Meridor Co., 179
De Miracle Cremical Co., 194 Depilatory, 194
Denmark Condensed Milk Co., 57
Dentacura Co., 220
Derby, H. C. Co., 150
Detoxyl, 139
Deviled Crab Meat, 124
Diamond Crystal Salt Co., 100
Diamond Delico, 109
Diamond Gelatin Co., 109
Diamond Nail Enamel, 196
Dioxogen, 140
Dodge, Walter Luther & Co., 134
Dole's Pure Hawaiian Pine- apple Juice, 23
234
INDEX
Downs, Jean, 134
Dr. Pray's Gloria-Lily Lotion,
183 Dralle, (Hamburg), 199 Dried Beef, Armour & Co/s,
150 Beechnut Brand, 150 Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
151 Dry Pits Lotion, 195 Dry Pits Lotion Co., 195 Duflf, P. & Sons, 170 Duffy's Apple Juice, 21 Duluth Superior Milling Co.,
82 Dunbar, G. W. Sons Co., 67 Durkee & Co., 100 Dwinell- Wright Co., 14, 17
E. C. D. Chemical Co., 134 Eau de Cologne Sea Salt, 195 Evaporated Milk, Borden's Peerless, 57
Danish Prize, 57
Carnation Brand, 69
Our Pet Brand, 57
Swiss, 56
Van Camp's, 60 Educator Toaster ettes, 30 Edwards, Elinor E., 29 Ehman Olive Co., 161 Eisner Mendelson Co., 23 Ekenberg Company, 82 Emery & Co., 124 Empress Mfg. Co., 188 Eskay's Albumenized Food, 60 Espey, J. E., 179
Evans' Sons, Lescher & Webb,
Ltd., 23, 134 Every Woman Co., 134 Every Woman's Flesh Reducer,
134 Eye Cream, Moras's, 139 Extract of Beef, Armour's, 62 Cudahy's, 63 of Meat, Liebig's, 64 Extracts, Bee Brand, 119 exaggerated claims, 113
F. B. Foronga Nail Bleach, 195 F. B. Polpasta Nail Enamel,
197 Fairbank, N. K. Co., 148, 211 Farwell & Rhines, 75, 83 Fay, C, 180 Ferris, F. A. & Co., 150 Fig Newtons, 31 Figs, Carque's California, 127
Cresca, 128
Dromedary Brand, 129
Health Brand, 128 Finnan Haddie, 123 Fischer, B. & Co., 14, 17, 89,
100 Fish Flake, Davis's, 124
Burnham & Morrill Co.'s, 123 Five Kernels Food Co., 75 Fleischmann Co., The, 3 Floridine Mfg. Co., 195 Flour, Aristos, 87
Aunt Jemima's Pancake, 82
Ceresota Brand, 85
Duluth Imperial, 82
Educator Brands, 84
Fountain Brand, 83
INDEX
235
Flour, Fountain Graham, 87
Franklin Mills, 83
Gold Medal, 87
Golden Touch King Midas, 86
Hecker's Graham, 83
Jireh, 84
King Arthur, 86
Northern Light Brand, 85
Occident, 86
Old Grist Mill Brand, 86
Pillsbury's, 85
Purina Whole Wheat, 85
Superlative Self-Raising, 84
Swans Down Prepared, 84 Flours, adulterants in, 79
gluten, 80
self-rising, 80 Fluid En-Ser-01, 134 Force, 75 Forest Home Farm, 83, 147,
150 Formamint Tablets, 131 Forquignon Mfg. Co., 197 Foss, H. D. & Co., 36 Foulds Milling Co., 93 Fox River Butter Co., 148 Franco-American Food Co., 63 Franco-American Hygienic Co.,
180 Frank & Son, 150 Franklin Mills Co., 83 Frear, Fred, 100 Frederick City Packing Co., 67 Freeman Perfume Co., 204 Freihofer's Vienna Baking Co.,
93 Fresno Home Packing Co., 128
Fruit Flavors, Premium Brand, 119
Gaidry, Lowell R., 100 Gannon, E. M., 180 Geisha Importing Co., 205 Gelatin, 107-108 Boston Crystal, 109 Chalmers' Transparent, 109 Cox's, 109 Knox's, 111
Lipton's Jelly Tablets, 111 Minute, 111 Plymouth Rock, 112 Gelle Fr^res, 199 Genesee Pure Food Cov, 110 George Washington Coffee Saleg
Co., 15 "Get Slim," 134 Gherkins, 161 Giant Chemical Co., 135 Gill6, E., 180, 189, 204 Gillet, Martin & Co., 17 Ginger Ale, Aromatic, 25
Celebrated Club Extra Dry,
22 Delatour, 25 Hywaco, 24 Ross's Royal, 25 Standard, 25 Tally-Ho, 25 essence, 119, 120 Giroux Mfg. Co., 189 Githens, Rexsamer & Co., 15 Glucose in candies, 33 Glenn's Sulphur Soap, 211 Gluten Bread, Remmers' Dia- betiker loaves, 32
236
INDEX
Gluten flours, 80, 81 Golden Gate Fruit Co., 23 Gomi, T. D., 206 Gordon & Dilworth, 160, 161 Gorman & Co., Inc., 124 Gorton Pew Fisheries Co., 124 Gorton's Boneless Codfish, 124 Graham, Mrs. Gervaise, 181 Grand View Farm Produce Co.,
150 Grape Capsule Co., 135 juice, alcohol in, 20
Armour's, 21
Red Wine, 25
Welch's, 25 Grape Nuts, 76 Green Bay Canning Co., 67 Greenhut-Siegel Cooper Co., 67,
83, 128 Griffith-Durney Co., 46 Grove, E. W., 135 Gumbert, S. & Co., 3
Hagan's Magnolia Balm, 182 Hair Tonic, Canthrox, 190
Empress Improved Instan- taneous Hair Color Re- storer, 188, 189 Gill6's Spun Gold, 189 Hall's Hair Renewer, 189 Hay's Hair Health, 190 Lavona, 191 Mme. Seele's French Hair
Bluing, 190 Parisian Sage, 189 Parker's Hair Balsam, 189 Petrole Hahn for the Hair, 191
Hair Tonic, Pinaud's Eau de Quinine, 190 simple formula, 187 Hall, R. P. & Co., 189 Hall & Ruckel, 220 Ham, Dairy Brand, 151 Ferris's Our Trade Mark,
150 Forest Home Farm, 150 Frank & Son's Lax, 150 Jones Dairy Farm, 151 Swift's Premium, 152 Deviled, Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 151 Underwood's, 152 Potted, Richardson <fc Rob- bins, 151 Hansen's Charles, Laboratory,
110 Hanson & Jenks Co., 200 Harris, W. B. Co^ 15^ 18 Haserat Canneries Co., 67 Hawaiian Pine Apple Products Co., 23 Pineapple Co., 46 Hay's Hair Health, 190 Hearns & Jones, 170 Hecker Cereal Co., 83 H e c k e r- Jones- Jewell Milling
Co., 84 Heide, Henry, 36 Heinz, H. J. Co., 67, 93, 101,
110, 148, 155, 161 Heller-Bar nham Co., 36 Helvetia Milk Condensing Co.,
57 Hershey Chocolate Co., 36 Heyer, George W., 205
INDEX
23t
Higgins, Wm. H. & Co., 128 Hill Brothers Co., 128 Hinds, A. S., 181, 212 Hind's Honey and Almond
Cream Soap, 212 Hipolite Company, The, 110
Snow-Mallow, 110 Hire Household Extract, 23 Hires, Charles E. Co., 23
Condensed Milk Co., 58 Hiscox Chemical Works, 189 H. O. Company, 75 Hoff, Johann, 23 Holbrook & Co., 101 Holland Rusk Co., 29 Hominy, canned, 70 Hominy, White Rose Brand, 77 Honey, Acme Brand, 170
adulterants in, 169
Emerson Brand, 172
Golden Tree, 171
Premier Brand, 170 Hopewell Dainties, 36 Horlick's Malted Milk Co., 68 Hormel, G. A. & Co., 151 Hornby'fl Oatmeal, 75 Houston Packing Co., 161 Howard, J. F., 101 Hoyt, W. M. Co., 63 Hubert, Prof., 181 Hudnut, Richard, 200, 205, 212 Hulled Corn, Van Camp*s, 70 Humbert & Andrews, 161, 170 Hunt Brothers, 46 Huyler*s, 8, 36
Hygeia Distilled Water Co., 24 Hygienic Food Co., 76 Hydrox-Chemical Co., 135
Hydrox Hydrogen Peroxide,
135 Hydroxyl-Free Cod Liver Oil,
138
Igleheart Brothers, 84 Imperatrix Co., 181 Imperial Granum Co., 58 Infant's Food, 48-51
Benger's 56
Eskay's Albumenized Food, 60
Imperial Granum, 58
Mead's Dextri-Maltose, 58
Mellin's Food, 59
Nestl^'s Food, 59
Patch's Powdered Sugar of Milk, 60 Invert Sugar, 164 Illinois Canning Co., 68 Ivins' Sons, 29
Jad Brand Salts, 136 Jad Salts Co., 136 Jams, 159, 160, 161 Jaques Mfg. Co., 4 Jefferson Pickle Co., 161 Jellies, 159, 160, 161, 162 Jello Lemon, 110 Jennings Company, 200 Jergens, Andrew Co., 212 Jireh Diabetic Food Co., 29, 76,
84, 93 Johann Hoff'a Malt Extract, 23 Johnson, B. J. Soap Co., 181,
190, 212 Johnson Educator Food Co., 29,
84
INDEX
Johnson & Johnson, 213 Johnston, (Milwaukee), 37 Jones Dairy Farm, 148, 167 Junket tablets, 110
Karo, 170
Ketchup, Curtice Brother's, 100
Olney Canning Co.'s, 103 Keeler, Charles C, 182 Kellogg Food Co., 15
Toasted Corn Flake Co., 76 Kewpie Kandies, 38 Kidd, Mrs. E. G., 161 Kidney Beans, canned, 68 Kimball, Lucile, 136 Kimball & Marxsen Rice Pro- ducts Co., 89 Kinox, 137 Kinox Company, 137 Kippered Herring, Davis's, 124 Kirk, James S. Co., 206, 213 Klein's (Budapest), 213 Kneipp Malt Food Co., 15 Knorr, C. H., 63 Knox, Charles B. Co., Ill Knox-Crutchfield, 85 Koenig & Schuster, 68, 129 Kohler, Peter Cailler, Swiss
Chocolates Co., 8 Kolynos Co., 221 Kornol, 132 Kosmeo, 181
Lambert Pharmacal Co., 137 Lamb's Tongues, Derby Brand,
150 Landshut, Karl, 137
Lanman & Kemp, 200 Lanning, Wm. & Son, 47 Lard, Armour's "Simon Pure," 147 Forest Home Farm, 147 Jones Dairy Farm, 148 Silver-Leaf Brand, 148 Lavona (Hair Tonic), 191 Lavoris Chemical Co., 221 Lavox Co., The, 190 Laxative Bromo-Quinine, 135 Lazell, 200 Lea & Per r ins, 101 Leggett, Francis H. & Co., 47,
68, 89, 161, 170 Lehn & Fink, 137, 205, 221 Lemon Extract, 116, 117, 118,
119, 120, 121 Lemos, Brooke's 21 Lemon Soda, 24
Snaps, 32 Lentils, canned, 69 Leslie-Durham & Co., 171 Lever Brothers Co., 213 Levering Coffee Co., 15 Levy, Ben. Co., 205 Libby, McNeill & Libby, 47, 58,
64, 68, 101, 151, 155, 160 Liebig's Extract of Meat Co.,
64 Lilly, Eli & Co., 213 Lima Beans, canned, 66, 68, 70 Lime-Fruit Juice, Montserrat,
23 Lime Juice, Rose's Pure West
Indian, 25 Lipton, 18, 111 Liss, George & Co., 68, 124
INDEX
Listerine, 137
Lockyer & Co., 15
Logan Berries, Del Monte
Brand, 45 Loose-Wiles Biscuit Co., 30, 37 Lord Brothers Co., 124 Louisenbad Keduction Salt, 137 Love, J. S., 171 Lowney, Walter M. Co., 8, 37 Luden, W. H., 137 Lustr-ite Nail Enamel, 196 Luxor Bath Powder, 194
Tooth Paste, 219 Lyon, I. W. & Sons, 221 Lyon Mfg. Co., 182 Lysol, 137
McConnick & Co., 118
M c F a d d e n-Wiesfl-Kyle Rice
Milling Co., 89 Mcllhenny Co., 68 Mcllhenny, E., 101 McKesson & Bobbins, 222 McMechen Preserving Co., 102 McMenamin & Co., 124 McMonagle & Kogers, 119 Macaroni, food qualities, 91
Freihofer's Egg, 93
Fould's, 93
Golden Egg Brand, 93
Jireh's, 93
Woodcock's 94
Yours Truly, 94 Mackerel, Davis's, 124 Madame Yale's Skip Food, 17tJ Maillard, Henry, 8 MaillardB, 37
Manufacturing Co. of America,
37 Maple Syrup, Leslie's, 171 Log Cabin, 172 mixtures, 167 Pride of the Ad-i-ron-
dacks, 169 Vermont, 172 Vermont Maple Sap, 171 Mapl-Flake, 76 Marietta Stanley Co., 182 Marinello Company, 206 Marmalade, 160, 161, 162 Marshmallow Whip, Whit- man's 112 Marshmallows, Angelus, 39
Heide's, 36 Martindale, Thomas & Co., 138 Marzahl, W., 102 Malt Extract, Johann Hoff's, 23 Wyeth's Liquid, 25 Malt Nutrine, 21 Malted Beef, Thompson's, 65 Milk, A. D. S., 55 Borden's, 57 Horlick's, 58 Thompson's, 55 Maspero, C, Inc., 155 Maul Brothers, 94 Mayer, Alfred, 37 Mead, Johnson & Co., 68 Meat, Potted, Libby, McNeiH
& Libby's, 161 Meats, dried, adulterant* in,
149 Medical Formula Co., 138 Mellin's Food Co., 69
240
INDEX
Mennen, Crerhard Chemical Co.,
206, 222 Menthol Cough Drops, 137 Mentholated Vaseline, 133 Mentholatum, 138 Mentholatum Company, 138 Menton§ Co., The, 155 Merck & Co., 15, 138 Merrell Soule Co., 59, 111 Middendorf & Rohrs, 68 Milk, Condensed, Aurora, 56 Gail Borden Eagle Brand,
56 Carnation Brand, 60 Swiss, 56 Hires, 58 Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
58 Sweet Clover Brand, 59 Chocolate, Borden's, 36 Evaporated, Borden's Peer- lessj 57 Banish Prize, 57 Our Pet Brand, 67 Swiss, 56 Van Camp's, 60 Malted, A. D. S., 65 Borden's, 57 Horlick's, 58 Thompson's, 65 official standard, 52 substitute, Klim, 59 Mince Meat, Gold Medal, 110
None Such, 111 Mints, U-All-No, 37
Wadsworth's, 39 Minute Tapicoa Co., Ill
Mohawk Condensed Milk Co., 59
Valley Cider Co., 102 Molasses, 170, 171
and syrups, 165 Moller, Peter, 138 Montserrat Lime-Fruit Juice,
23 Moras, Dr. E. R., 139 Morehouse Mills, 102, 148, 162 Morgan's, Enoch, Sons Co., 213 Morris & Co., 148 Moxie Co., 24 Mueller, C. F. Co., 94 Mtihlens & Kropflf, 195, 214 Mum (Deodorant), 195 Mum Mfg. Co., 195 Murray, Joseph T., 196 Mushrooms, canned, 66 Mustard, 98, 102, 106 Musterole, 139
Company, 139
Nabisco, 32
Napoleon Pharmacal Co., 206
National Biscuit Co., 31
Candy Co., 38
Canner's Association, 43
Oats Co., 76
Onion Salt Co., 102
Pure Food Co., 65
Starch Co., Ill Native Herbs, 132 Nesnah Desserts, 110 Nestle, Henri, 59 New England Confectionery Co., 38 Maple Syrup Co., 102, 171
INDEX
241
New Skin, 140
Company, 140 Nikola Bathing Compound and Weight Keducer, 140
Chemical Co., 140 North Maine Packing Co., 69 Northern Light Milling Co., 85 N o r t hwestern Consolidated
Milling Co., 85 Nugatines, Huyler's, 36
Lowney's, 37
Park & Tilford's, 38 Numsen, Wm. & Sons, 69 Nunnally (Atlantic, Ga.), 38 Nut Cream Butter, Carque's,
147 Nutmeg Flavor, 119
0. T. Limited, 24 Oakland Chemical Co., 140 Obesity Remedy, 136 Odor-0-No, 196 Odorono Co., 196 Okra, canned, 68 Oleomargarine, 145
Baby Brand, 147
Marigold, 148
Swift's Jersey Brand, 148
Swift's Premium Brand, 148 Olive Oil, adulterants in, 154, 153 Grapes, 135 Olive Oils, 154, 155, 156
California Ehman, 161
Carque's California, 127
Queen, 161 Olney, Burt, Packing Co., 69, 103, 163
Olmsted, Allen S., 140
Ongoline, 196
Onion Extract, 116, 119
Salt, 99, 102 Orange Ade, 23
Extract, 116, 118, 119 Ovite, 111 Ovite Mfg. Co., Ill
Pacific Coast Condensed Milk
Co., 60 Packer Mfg. Co., 214 Pakatin-Biscuit, 30 Palisade Manufacturing Co.,
103 Pamunkey Mills Old Virginia
Cornmeal, 85 Panama Banana Fruit Co., 16 Pancake Flour, Aunt Jemima's
Brand, 82 Pancake Flour, Teco Brand, 82 Paris Medicine Co., 135 Park & Tilford, 38, 171 Parker's Hair Balsam, 189 Patch, The E. L. Co., 60 Pat6 de Foies Gras, 150 Peabody, Henry W., 125 Peach Flavor, 117, 119 Peaches, Del Monte Brand, 45 evaporated, 127, 128 Hunt Brothers, 46 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 Siegel Cooper's Fountain Brand, 47 Peanut Butters, 146
Beechnut Brand, 147
Heinz's, 148
Mrs. Morehouse's, 148
£42
INDEX
Peanut Butters, Nut-Let, 147
Yours Truly, 148 Pears, A. F., Ltd., 214 Del Monte Brand, 46 evaporated, 128 Hunt Brothers, 46 Libby, McNeill & Libby's, 47 Silver Lake Brand, 47 Troubadour Brand, 46 Peas, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 Penick & Ford, 171 Pepper, 99, 104 Pepper, Dr. Co., 24 Peppermint Essence, 119, 121 Peredixo Cream, 177 Perfumes, 199, 200, 201 Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss
Chocolates Co., 8, 38 Peterson, H. S. & Co., 190 Phillips, Charles H., Chemical
Co., 8 Phillips Packing Co., 69 Philo Hay Specialties Co., 190 Pickles, 161 Pierce, S. S. Co., 26 Pike's Universal Toothache
Drops, 133 Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., 85 Pinaud, Ed., 190, 200 Pineapple, Del Monte Brand, 45 extract, 116, 117, 119 Hawaiian Sliced, Paradise
Island Brand, 46 Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
47 Siegel Cooper's Fountain Brand, 47
Pineapple Juice, Dole's Pure
Hawaiian, 23 Pistachio Flavor, 116, 117 Pitkin, J. M. & Co., 120 Plexo Preparations, Inc., 183,
206 Plum Pudding, Heinz, 110 Del Monte Brand, 46 Troubadour Brand, 46 Plymouth Rock Gelatin Co.,
112 Pompeian Company, 156 Mfg. Co., 183 Massage Cream, 183 Pond, E. K. Packing Co., 151 Pond's Extract, 140 Pond's Extract Co., 140, 183 Pork and Beans, canned, 67, 68,
70, 71 Porto Rico Trading Co., Inc.,
16 Post Toasties, 76 Postum Cereal Co., 16, 76 Potter Drug & Chemical Co.,
141, 214 Potter & Wrightington, 16, 86 Poultry Seasoning, 98, 99 PowelFs (New York), 38 Pozzoni, J. A. Pharmacal Co.,
206 Pozzoni's Gold Puflf Box, 206 Pratt-Low Preserving Co., 162 Pray, Dr. J. Parker, 183, 196,
206 Premium Fruit Flavors, 119 Preserves, 159, 160, 161, 162
adulterants in, 157 Price Baking Powder Co., 4
INDEX
Price Flavoring Extract Co.,
120 Priscilla Parsons Perspiration
Preventative, 194 Pritchard, E., 103 Proctor & Gamble Co., 149, 214 Pumpkin, canned, 69 Pura Mfg. Co., 184, 207 Pure Gluten Food Co., 141 Pure Wheat Products, 83 Purina Mills, 85 Puritan Fruit Products Co., 25 Pyro Chemical Co., 222 Pyrodentor, 222
Quaker Oats Co., 77
Puffed Kice, 77
Puffed Wheat, 77 Quimby, W. S. Co., 16, 18
Rabb, Charles, 103 Rae, S. & Co., 166 Raisins, Berry Brand, 128
Blue Ribbon Brand, 128
Cresca, 128
Del Monte Brand, 127
Golden West Brand, 128
Ideal '^ot-a-Seed," 127
Princess Brand, 120
Royal Scarlet, 129
White Rose California, 129 Ralston Purina Co., 77 Raspberries, Williamson Brand,
46 Raspberry Extract, 116^ 117 Raw Food, Tyler's, 78 Remmers, 214 Remmers, B. & Sona, 32
Resinol Soap Co., 215 Rex Wrinkle Pencil, 184 Rexall Tooth Powder, 223 Rice, Apex Brand, 89
Carque's Natural Whole, 89
Comet Brand, 90
Hotel Astor, 89
Leggett's Natural Brown, 89
White Swan Granulated, 89 Rich, E. C, 112
Richardson & Robbins, 65, 151 Ricinol Grape, 135 Rieger, the California Per- fumer, 200 Ritter Conserve Co., 103 Robertson Preserve Co., The
James, 162 Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical
Co., 215 Roger & Gallet, 200, 215 Roman Meal, 85
Meal Co., 85 Rosaline, 197 Rose Flavor, 118, 119, 120, 121
L. & Co., 25
Petal Wrinkle Cream Co., 184 Ross, W. A. & Sons, Ltd., 26 Royal Baking Powder, 4
Lunch, 32
Mfg. Co., 184
Olvules, 138
Specialty Co., 65
Tooth Powder, 219 Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein, S9 Rimiford Chemical Works, 4 Rusks, Holland, 29
Jireh Diatetic, 29
^44
INDEX
Russell-Miller Co., 86
Salad Dressings, adulterants in, 96 Durkee's, 100 Mrs. Morehouse's Cream
Brand, 102 My Wife's, 100 Yacht Club, 105 Yours Truly, 105 Salada Tea Co., 18 Saleratus, Slade's, 4 Salmon, Highwood Brand, 124 Red Heart Brand, 124 Royal Scarlet, 125 Salt, Ivory Shaker, 105
Shaker Table, 100 Saltine Biscuits, 32 Sam Katz Company, 141
Oxygen Treatment for Ca- tarrh, 141 Sands, Taylor & Wood Co., 86 Sandwich, cheese, 31 Sanitol Chemical Laboratory
Co., 223 Sardines, California, 123 Emery & Co.'s deviled, 124 Salome Brand, 123 Skipper, 125 Sargol, 142 Sargol Company, 142 Sarsaparilla, Hywaco, 24
Tally-Ho, 25 Sartoin, 175 Sauer, C. F. Co., 120 Sauer Kraut, canned, 68 Sausage, Forest Home Farm, li50
Sausage, Frank & Son's, 150 Grand View Farm Produce
Co.'s, 160 Jones Dairy Farm, 151 Schieffelin & Co., 65, 138 Schraflft's (New York), 39 Schuyler, A. C, 25 Scrapple, Forest Home Farm,
150 Sea Beach Packing Works, 125 Seaboard Rice Milling Co., 77,
90 Seaman Brothers, 69, 77, 129 Seele-Thompson Co., 190 Sel Amaigrissant, 133 "Sempre Giovine," 182 Shac (Headache Cure), 143 Shampoo, A. D. S. Liquid, 188 Canthrox, 190 Gille's Spun Gold, 189 Johnson's Palm-Olive, 190 La vox, 190
Swedish Hair Powder, 192 Ward's Dandru-Cide, 192 Powders, adulterants in, 187 Shane Brothers & Wilson Co.,
86 Sheboygan Mineral Water Co.,
25 Sheffield Dentrifice Co., 223 Shredded Wheat Co., 77 Shrimp, Davis's, 124 Siegel Cooper Co., 47, 69, 87 Sills, John S. & Sons, 70 Simon, J., 184 Skin Food, 180 Smith, Kline & French, 60 Snider, T. A., Preeervei Co., 105
INDEX
246
Slade, D. & L., Co., 4, 104, 121 Soap, A. D. S. Improved Foot, 210
A. D. S. Kurakutic, 210
Cashmere Bouquet, 211
Colgate's Heliotrope, 211
Caticura, 214
Fairy, 211
Glenn's Sulphur, 211
Hand Sapolio, 213
Hind's Honey and Almond Cream, 212
Hudnut's Violet Sec, 212
Ivory, 214
Jap-Eosej 213
Jergen's Violet Glycerine, 212
Johnson's Palm Olive, 212
Klein's Glycerin, 213
Lifebuoy Health, 213
Lilly's Liquid, 213
Olivilo, 215
Packer's Tar, 214
Pears, 214
Peroxide Zinc, 215
Remmer's Peroxide, 214
Resinol, 215
Savon de Toilette Luxor, 211
Savon Violette, 215
Synol, 213
White Rose Glycerin, 214
Woodbury's Facial, 212
Zap, 211 Soaps, cleansing power, 209 Soft drinks, impurities of, 19 Soups, Condensed, Richardson & Robbin's, 65 Campbell's, 62
Soups, Franco-American, 63 Knorr's, 63 Libby, McNeill & Libby's,
64 Puro Brands, 65 Yours Truly, 63 Southern California Fish Co., 125 Cotton Oil Co., 156 Southwestern Milling Co., 87 Sozodont Tooth Paste, 220 Spaghetti, Faust Brand, 94 Fould's, 93 food qualities, 91 Heinz canned, 93 Mueller's, 94 Van Camp's canned, 94 Yours Truly, 94 Spencer Kellogg & Sons, 143 Spices, 98
Colburn'Si 98, 99 Fischer & Co.'s, 100 Slade's, 104 Stickney & Poor's, 106 Yours Truly, 105 Spinach, canned, 66, 67, 68, 69,
70 Sponge Lady Fingers, 32 Sprague, Warner & Co., 16 Stafford-Miller Co., 208 Standard Bottling & Extract
Co., 25 Stearns, Frederick & Co., 143 Steero Bouillon Cubes, 65 Stenzie, 197 Stenzie Mfg. Co., 197 Sterizol, (Antiseptic), 143 Sterizol Sales Co., 143
246
INDEX
Stickney & Poor Spice Co., 105,
121 Stillman's Freckle Cream Co.,
185 Stollwerck Brothers, Inc., 9 Strawberries, Boyle's Victory
Brand, 45 Strawberry Extract, 116, 117,
120 Stromeyer, J. & Co., 172 Succotash, eanned, 67, 69 Suchard (Switzerland), 39 Sugar, cane and beet, 163 Crystal Domino, 169 invert, 164 Sulpho-Napthol, 143 Sulpho-Napthol Co., 143 Sunshine Biscuit, Wafers, etc.,
30, 31 Swans Down Cracked Wheat,
84 Swedish Hair Powder, 191 Swift & Co., 148, 152 Syrup, Crystal Domino, 169 Park «fc Tilford's Amber, 171 Penn Mar Brand, 172 Velva Brand, 171 Syrups, adulterants in, 167 and molasses, 165
Tabasco Pepper Sauce, Gai- dry's, 100
Mcllhenn/s, 101 Takoma Biscuit, 31 Tapioca, Instantancoui, 109
Minute, 111
New Process Hasty, 109 Teay Dalmo7 Blttnd« 17
Tea, Golden Dome Orange Pe- koe, 18 Hotel Astor, 17 House of Lords Ceylon, 17 Juno Mat^ Paraguayan, 17 Lipton's, 18
London Blend Brand, 17 Magic Cup Soluble, 17 "My Own" Blend, 18 Royal Stag, 17 Salada, 18 6a-Sa-Ma Brand, 17 Standard HE-NO, 17 Tetley's, 18 White House Brand Orange
Pekoe, 17 Yours Truly, 18 Teco Brand Buckwheat and
other Flours, 83 Tetley, Joseph & Co., 18 Tetlow, Henry, 207 Theobromin in chocolate, 6 Tildesley & Co., 105 Tiz, 134
Toilet Water, 200, 201 To-Kalon Mfg. Co., Inc., 185,
191 Tomatoes, canned, 66, 67, 68,
70 Tongue, Red Cross Brand, 151 Tonic, "O. T.," 24 Tooth Paste, A. D. S. Peredixo, 219 Colgate's Ribbon Dental
Cream, 220 Kolynos, 220 Lavoris, 221 Luxor, 219
INDEX
247
Tooth Paste, Mennen's Cream Dentifrice, 222
Pebeco, 221
Pyrodento, 223
Sanitol, 223
Sheffield's, 223
Sozodont, 220 Powder, A. D. S. Peroxide, 219
Calox, 222
Dentacura, 220
Lyon's Perfect, 221
misleading claims for, 216- 218
Kexall, 223
Royal, 219 Toilet Powder, A. D. S. Majes- tic Lilac Talc, 203
Armour's, 203
Carmen Complexion, 207
Casma Talcum, 201
Colgate's Violet Talcum, 204
De Pray's Hy-Gen-ia, 206
Elcaya Rice Powder, 204
Freeman's Medicated, 204
Geisha, 208
Gill6's, 204
Heyer's Prickly Heat Pow- der, 205
Hudnut's Violet Sec, 205
Hymettus Rose-Violet, 207
Jap-Rose Talcum, 205
Kutch Sandalwood, 208
La Blanche, 207
Marinello, 206
Mennen's, 206
Napoleon Lilac Af«ptic, 206
Toilet Powder, Oriental Wis- taria Talcum, 205 Plexo Evening White, 206 Pozzoni's Gold Puff Box,
206 Priscilla Parsons Face
Powder, 203 Riveris Talcum, 205 Royal Violet, 203 San Toy Talaum, 208 Tetlow's Superb Gossamer,
207 Vogue Liquid Complexion,
208 Vogue Poudre de Riz, 208 Williams Violet Talcum,
208 Wistaria Blossom Talc, 208 Toothache Drops, Pike's Uni- versal, 133 Tournade's Kitchen Bouquet,
103 Towle Maple Products Co., 172 Troubadour Brand Canned
Fruits, 46 Tryphosa, 112 Tuna, Avalon Brand, 125
Blue Sea, 125 Twitchell-Champlin Co., 70 Tyler, Byron, 78
Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Co., 78 Health Food, 78 Underwood, W. M. Co., 152 Uneeda Biscuits, 32 United Berne Zurich ChocoUt
Mfg. Co., ao
^48
INDEX
United Cereal Mills, Ltd., 78 Drug Co., 223
Vagt, R., 172
Van Buskirk's Sozodont Tooth
Paste, 220 Van Houten & Sons (Holland),
9 Van Camp Packing Co., 60, 70,
94 Van-Ola, 183 Van-Thomas Co., 125 Vanilla Extract, 116, 117, 119,
120, 121 Vanillin, definition of, 114 Vantine, A. A. & Co., 200, 208 Vaseline, 132, 133 Veal Loaf, Libby, McNeill &
Libby's, 151 Vegetable extract, Vegex, 62 Vermont Maple Sugar Maker's
Market, 172 Vibert, F., 191 Victoria Tea Co., 18 Vienna Sugar Fingers, 31 Vieno Bran, 82 Vieno-Self-Raising Bran Meal,
82 Vinegar, Crosse & Blackweirs,
100 Heinz's, 101 Marzahl's, 102 Mohawk Valley Cider Co/s,
102 Pinard Brand, 99 Wayne County Produce Co/a,
105
Vinegars^ adulterants in, 97 Vogue Perfumery Co., 201, 208
Wadsworth Chocolate Co., 39 Wafers, Chocolate, 31
Educator, 30
Epic, 31
Ivins' Bonnie, 29
Ivins* Lunch-on-Thin, 29
Sunshine Dessert, 31
Sunshine Tan San, 31
Vanilla, 32 Wakelee's Camelline, 180 Waideyer & Betts, 192 Warden Company, 192 Ward's Dandru-Cide Shampoo,
191 Washburn-Crosby Co., 87 Washington Crisps, 78 Watson, Angus & Co., 125 Wayne County Produce Co.,
105 Webster, Fred L., 70 Weight, net, of canned goods,
42 Welch Brothers Maple Co., 172
Grape Juice Co., 25 Wesson Snowdrift Oil, 156 West Disinfecting Co., 144 Wheatena Company, 78 White, John F., 70 Whitman, Stephen F. & Son, 9,
40, 112 Wilbur, H. 0. & Sons, 40 Wildroot Chemical Co., 192 Williams, J. B. Co., 208 Williams; R. C. & Co., 70, 126, 129
INDEX
24-9
Wincarni's, 22
Wintergreen essence, 117, 120 Woodbury's Facial Soap, 212 Woodcock Macaroni Co., 94 Wool Heal, 144 Woolheal Chemical Co., 144 Worcester Salt Co., 105 Worcestershire Sauce, Hol- brook's, 101 Lea & Per r ins', 101 Wrinkle Eradicator^ 194
Wrisley, Allen B. Co., 201, 208,
215 Wulfing, A. & Co., 131 Wyeth, John & Bro., 25
Yeast, Corby Brothers*, 3
Fleischmann's, 3 Yours Truly Co., 9, 18, 71, 78, 94, 105, 121, 148
Zu-Zu Ginger Snaps, 32
VAIL-BALLOU CO., BINGHAMTON AND NEW YORK
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RE^-URN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE.
MAR 27 1934
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