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Ey

= = = > =
Et trait (@eus lucem

——— -
quod efsek bona,

\ Written

Bh MA

SYLVA SYLVARVM

or
A NATVRALL PLISFOR YS
In ten Centuries. é
by the right Stork Francis

ij

*

TO THE MOST. HIGH
AND MIGHTY PRINCE

CHARLES,

BY THE'GRACE OF GOD,

King of Great Britaine, France, and
Ireland, ore che Faith, &c. »

|
|
|
|
|
|

FS ee eee

sah it pleafe your moft Excellent Maieftie ;

rall Fifiorie , either. defigned,
or written, by the late Lo.
| ox wr S. Alban, was dedica-
a él fa)-\ ted to your Maiefiie in his
: =} Booke De Venti, about foure
yeeres a: whenyour Maie/tie was Prince : So
‘as there needed no new Dedication of this}.
Worke, but only, in all humbleneffe, to let your
Maieftie know, it is yours, Icis true, if that Lo.
had lived, your Mateffie, ere long, had bene. 4
inuoked, to the Protection ofanother Hifforie ;|

|
|. a Whereof, | | |

Ae whole Body of the Nati |

= ee

ore

ee

The Epiftle Dedicatory.
Whereof, nat ACarures Kingdome, as in this,
but thefe of your Mateflies, (during the Tiare
and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth) had beene
the Subie@: Which fince it died vnder the De-}
fignation meerely, there is nothing left,but your
“Maieftizgs Princely Goodnefle, gracioufly to
accept of the Wndertakers Heart, and Intenti-
ons ; who was willing to haue parted, for a
while, with his Darling Pkilofophie, that hee
might haue attended your Royall Commande-

ment, in that other Worke. Thus much I haue

beene bold, in all lowlinefle,-to reprefent vnto

jyour Maieflie, as one that was trufted with his

Lordfhips Writings, euen.to the lait. Andas this
Worke affecteth the Szampe of youreMLaicfties| |

- |Rovall ‘Protettion, to make it more currant to the

World, So vnder the Proteftion of this Worke, I
prefume in all humblenefle to approach your
Maicfiies prefence , And to offer 1t vp into your
Sacred Hands,

Your MALESTIES moft Loyal

and Deuoted Subiel,

Ww. Rawere Y.

SYLVARVM:

4 Vig 9 R, Soest,
A Natural! Hiftorie.

IN TEN CENTURIES.
er —$——?>__——__—_____—-

WRITTEN BY THE RIGHT
Honourable F RA NECTS Lo. Verulam

Vifcount Sw. ALBAN.

Publifhed after the Authors death,
By Witviam Raweey Dottor of Dininitic,
late bis Lord{hips (haplaineo.

LONDON,

¢q Printed by #. H. for William Lee at the Turks

Head in Fleet-ftreet, next to the Miter, 1 627.

|

-

Sees *

‘
me 8

ie Ld &
DRA CERES

¢~ ha, TADS

was

» f v - “|
ements tem anmmear arte

By Auing had the Honour to be conti-
J nually with my Lord, in compt-
ling of this Worke ; And tobe em-
ployed therein ; I haue though ic
RY not amiffe, ( with his Lordihips
io and liking, ) for the better fatisfaction
‘of thofe that fhallreade it, to make knowne fome-
‘wha of his Lord{hips Intentions, touching the
heard and Publifhing of the fame. I haue
heard his Lordthip often fay ; that if hee fhould
haue ferued the glory of hisowne Name, he had
been better not to haue publifhed this Naturall
Hiftory : Forit may feeme an Indigefted Heap
of Particulars ; And cannot haue that Luftre,
which Bookes caft into Methods haue : But that
he refolued to preferre the good of Men, and
that which might beft fecure it, before any thing
that might haue Relation to Himfelfe. And hee
knew well, that ther was no other way open, to
ynloofe Mens mindes, being bound ; and (as
it were) Maleficiate, by the Charmes of decei-
uing: Notions, and Theories. and therby made

{mpo-

}

<n

GSE
~, e

aceite

‘To the ‘Reader.

impotent for Generation of VVorkes ; Butonely
no wher to depart from the Senfe, and cleare ex-
périence ; Butto keepe clofeto it, ef} pecially in the
beginning : Befides, this ACaturall Fiiftory wasa
Debt of his, being Defigned and fet downe for a
third partofthe Jnflauration. I haue alfo heard
his Lordfhip difcourfe, that Men (no doubt)
will thinke many ofthe Experiments conteined in
this Collection, to bee Vulgar and Triuiall ;
Meaneand Sordid : Curiousand Fruitleffe: And
therfore he wifheth, thatthey would haueperpe-
tually before their Eyes, what is now in doing;
And the Difterence betweene this Naturall Hi-
ftory, and others. For thofe Natural Histories,
which are Extant, being gathered for Delightand
Vie,are full of pleafant Defcriptions and Pictures.
andaffectand feeke after Admiuration, Rarities,
and Secrets. But contrariwife, the Scope which
his Lordfhip intendeth, is to write fuch a Natu-}
rall History, as may be Fundamental to the Ere-
cting and Building of atrue Philofophy : For the
[llumination of the Vinderftanding ; the Extracting
of eA xiomes ; and the preducing of many Noble
Works,and Effects. For he hopeth, by thismeanes,
to acquit Himfelfe of that, for which hee taketh
Himfelfein.a fort bound ; And that is, the Ad-
uancement of all Learning and Sciences. Forha-
uing in this prefent VVorke Collected the Ma-
terialls for the Building ; And in his ACovum
Organum( of which his Lordship is yet to publith

a Second

‘Ll othe ‘Reader.

aSecond Part, ) fee downe theInitrumentsand
Directions for the Worke; Menfhall now bee
wanting to themfelues, if they raifemnot Know-
ledgeto that perfection, whereof the Nature of
Mortall menis capable. And in this behalfe, |
haue heard bis Lordfhip {peake complainingly |
That his Lordfhip (who thinketh hee deferueth
tobe an Architect inthis building, )fhould be for-
ced to be a V Vork-man anda Labourer, Andto
digge the Clay, and burne the Brick ; And more
then:that,(according to the hard Condition‘ofthe
Ffraelites at thelatter end>) to gather the Strawe
and Stubble, ouer allthe Fields,co burn the Bricks
withall. For heknyweth, that except hee doe it,
jnothing willbedone > Men are {o fett todefpife
{the Meanes of their owne good. And as for
the Ba/enes of many of the Experiments, As long
asthey be Gods VVorks, they are Honourable
jenough. And for the Vulearnes of them ; true A
xiomes mult be drawne trom plaine Experience,
and not from doubefull, And his Lordthips courfe |
is, to make: VVonders Plaine, and nor Plaine |
things V Vonders , And that Experience likewile |
muit:be broken and grinded, and not whole, or |
asit groweth. “And tor //e - his Lordthip hath |
often\in his Mouth; the two kindes of Expert_|
ments ; Experimenta Fruttifera, and Experimen-
ta Lucifera: Experimentsof Vfe,and Experiments
of Light ; Andhe reporteth himfelt, whether he

were nota ftrange Man, that fhouldthinke that)
piv A 2 Light

gE

‘T othe Reader.

Light hath no Vie, becaufe it hath no Matter.
Further, his Lordfhip thought good alfo, to add
vnto many of the Experiments themlelues, fome
Gloffe of the Canes; that in the fucceeding work of
Interpreting NCature, and Framing eA xiomes, all
things may be in more Readines. And for the
(aufes herein by Himalsigned ; his Lordthip
perfwadeth Himfelfe, they are farr more certaine,
then thofe that are rendred by Others ; Not for
any Excellency of his owne VVitt, (as his Lord-
{hip is wont to fay) but inrefpect of his conunu-
all Conuerfation with Dature, and Experience.
He did confider likewife, that by this Addition o
(aufes, Mens mindes (which make fo much haft
co find out the (au/es of things,) would notthink
themfelues veterly loft, ina Vatt VVood of &x-
perience, but {tay vpon thefe Caufes,(fuch as they
are) a little, till true efxiomes may be more ful-
ly difcouered. [haue heard his Lordthip fay al-
fo, that one great Reafon, why he would not put
thefe Particulars into any exact Method,(though
he that looketh attentiuely into them, fhall finde
that they haue a fecret Order) was, becaufe hee
'conceied that other men would now thinke,
that they could doe the like ; And fo goe on
with a further Collection : which if the Method
had been Exact, many would haue defpaired to
attaine by Imitation. As for his Lordfhips loue
of Order, I can referr any Man to his Lord-

fhips Latine Booke, De e4ugmentss Sctentiarum;

which

To the Reader. a

which (if my Ludgment be any thing) is written

in the Exacteft Order, that | know any Wri}

ting to bee. I willconclude with an vfuall Speech het
ould haue

of his Lordfhips. That this WWorke of his ACa- | eco pres
; . f ed to this

turall Fiftory, is the World, as Gop made it, Boots thi,

and not as Men haue made it ; For that it hath |!

nothing of Imagination,

Ws Ranley,

as

fete tap eet 5 ae ee ee eee Lien nveencttinadicalei

eet da oe

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nods | A929 Eeuiv (is drive abilonioallive >; 2

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poet ts astood | al se BON
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Ne wen (23 aN 9)

NATVRALL

HISTORIE

I. Century.

:
4 decpe asthe Low-Water marke ; Andas the Tide ae
"4 commethin, it will fill with Water, Frefh and Po- ;

touching the

Z es This is commonly praétized vpon the |Straining and
; table. T . y P Re h Pafling of Bo-

: : dies, one

a4 ting. And C 4s a Rk knewthis well, when he through ae
’ om * lage rote ther : whic

was befieged in Alexandria - For by Digging they Call Pers

colation,

the Enemies, which had turned the Sea-Warer vpon the Wells of

Alexandria, And fo fiued his Army, being then in Defperation. But

Cafar miftooke the Caufe , For hethought thatall Sea-Sandes had Na-

turall Springs of Fre/h Water . Burit is plaine, that itis the Sea- Water ;

becaufe the Pitt filleth according to the Meafure of the Tide « And

the Sea water pafsing or Strayning through the Sandes, leaucth the

Saltneffe. ; .
Iremember to haue Read, that Triall hath beene made of Salt Water 3

pafled through Earth ; through Tenn Veffells, one within an other, | -

and yet it hath not loft his Saltneffe, as to become potable : But the

fame Man faith,that (by the Relation of Another,) Salt Waterdrained| «

through twenty Veffells,hath become Freth. This Experiment feemeth

to croffe that other of Pitts, made bythe Sea fide ; And yet but in part,

ifitb: true,that twentie Repetitions doe the Effect. Butit is worth the

Note, how poore the Imitations of Nature are, in Common courfe of

Experiments, except they beled by great Iudgement, and fome good

Light of Axiemes. For firlt, ther is no fmall difference betweene a

Paffage)
eee tne ne like: .

Natural Fiftory :

Paffage of Water through twenty {mall Veffells; And throvgh fuch a
diftance,as betweene the Low water,and High water Marke. Second-
ly, there isa great difference betweene Earth and Sand . Forall Earth
hath in it a kinde of Nitrous Salt, from which Sand is more free: And
befides Earth doth not ftraine the Water fo finely, as Sand doth. Bue
theris a Third Point, that 1 fufpe& as much, or more, thenthe other
Two: And thatis, thatin the Experiment of Tram{mifsion of the Sea-|
water into the Pitts, the Water rifeth ; Butinthe Experiment of Trant-
mifsion of the Water through the Veffells, iz falleth : Now certaine it
is, that the Salter Part of Water, (once Salted throughout) gocthto the
Bottome. Andtherforeno metuaile, ifthe Draining of Water by def-
cent, doth not make itfrefh- Befides, [doc fomewhat doubt, that the
very Dafhing of the Water, thatcommeth from the Sea, is more pro-
per to ftrike of the Salt part, then wher the Wazer flideth ofher owne
Motion.

It feemeth Percolation or Tranfwifsion, (which is commonly calied
Straining,) isa goodkinde of Separation; Not oncly of Thicke from
Thin; and Groffe from Fine, ; But of more fubtile Natures; And vari-
eth according to the Bodie through which the Tranfmifsion is made .
As if through a wollen Bagg, the Liquour leaueth the Fatneffe; It
through Sand, the Saltneffe, &c. They {peake of Scuering Wine from
Water, pafsing it through Luy wood,or through other the like porous
Body ; But 2X_on Conffat.

The Gumm of Trees (which wee fee to be commonly fhining and
cleare) is but a fine Paflage or Straining of the luice of the Tree,
through the Wood and Bark. And in like manner, Cormfb Diamonds,
and Rock Kubies, (whichare yet more refplendent then Gums) are the
fine Exudations of Stone.

4riffotle giueththe Caufe,vainely, why the Feathers of Birdes are
ofmore liuely Colours,then the Hasres of Beaffes; for no Beaft hath any
fine Azure, or Carnation, or Greene Haire. He faith, Itis, becaufe
Birds are more inthe Beames of the Sunn, then Beas ; But that is ma-
nifeftly vntrue ; For Cartleare more in the Sun then Birds, that live
commonly in the Woods, or in fome Couert + The true Caufeis, that
the Excrementious Moifture of liuing Creatures, which maketh as
well the Feathers in Birds, as the Haire in Beaffs, paffeth in Birds
througha finer and more delicate Strainer, then it doth in Beaffes : For
Feathers paflethrough Quills ; And Haire through Skin.

. The Clarifying of Liquors by Adhefionis an Inward Percolation; And
is eflected, when fome Cleauing Body is Mixed and Agitated with the
Liguours, wherby the groffer Part of the Liquor fticks to that Cleauing
Body; And fo the finer Parts are freed from the Groffer. So the
Apothecaries clarify their Sirrapes by whites of Eggs, beaten with the
luices which they would clarify ; which Whites of Eggs, gather all
the Dregesand groffer Parts of the Iuyceto them; And after the Sir-
rupe being fett on the Fire, the whites of Egges themfelues harden, and

are

; eS aD P=aa = SP a? ne Har aie

Century: I. 2

y)

aretaken forth. So Ippecraffe is clarified by mixing with Milke; And
ftirring itabout ; And then pafsing it through a Wollen Bagge, which
they call Hippocrates Sleewe : Andthe Cleauing Nature of the Milke
draweth the Powder ofthe Spices, and Gro‘fer parts of the Liqueur to
it ; Andin the paflage they ftick vpon the W oollen Bagge.

The Clarifying ot Water, isan Experiment tending to Health ; be-
fides the plealure of the Bye, when Water is Cryftaline. It is effected 7
by cafting inand placing Pebbles, atthe Head of a Current ; thatthe
Water may ftraine through them.

Ir may be, Percolation doth not onely caufe Cleareneffe and Splen- $
dour, but Sweetnes of Sauour; For that alfo tolloweth, as well as
Clearenes, whenthe Finer Partsare feuered from the Grofler. So itis
found, thatthe Sweates of Men that haue much Heat, and exercife
much, and have cleane Bodies, and fine Skins, doe {mell{weet ; As was
faid of Alexander ; And we fee, commonly, that ¢#mms haue {weet
Odouis.

Akea Gla(fe, and put Water intoit, and wett your Finger, and draw} experiments

itround about the Lipp of the Glaffe, prefsing it fomewhat hard | in Confort
And after you haue drawne it fome few timesabour; it will make the pine oe
Water friske and fprincklevp, ina fine Dew. This Ja/tance doth excel-| vpen their
lently Demonftrate the Force of Comprefiion in a Solid Body. For Preffure,
whenfoeuet a Solid Body (as Wood, Stone, Metrall, 8c.) is preffed, 9
ther is an inward Tumult in the parts therof; feeking to deliver them-
felues fromthe Comprefsion: And this is the Caufe of all Ysolent
‘Motion. Wherin it is ftrangein the higheft Degree, that this Moston
hath neuer been obferued, nor inquired ; It being of all Motiows, the
moft Common, andthe Chiefe Roote of all Mechanical Operations.
This (Morion workethin round at firft, by way of Proofe,and Search,
which way to deliver it felfe; And then worketh in Progrefle, wher
it fiadeth the Deliuerance eafieft. In Liquours this 3f0: ion is vilible: For
all Liquours ftrucken make round Circles$ and withall Dath ; butin
Solids, (which breake not,) itis fo fubtile, as it is inuifible ; But ne-
uerthelefs bewrayeth it felfe by many Effects ; As in this /n/famce wher-
of we fpeake. For the Pre(fure of the Finger furthered by the wetting
(becanfe it fticketh fo much the better vnto the Lipp of the G/aff, ) af-
ter fome conzinuance, putteth all the fmall Parts of the Glafe into
worke; thar they ftrike the Water fharpely; from which Percufsion
that Sprinkling commeth.

If you ftrike or piercea Salid Body, that is brittle, as Glaffe, or Sugar,} 10
itbreaketh novonely , wher the immediate force is ; but breaketh all a-
bout iato fhiuersand fitters ; The AZotion, vpon the Preffure, fearching
all wayes ; and breaking where it findeth the Body weakeft.
_ The Powder in Shot being Dilatedinto fuch a F/ame,asendureth not it
omprefien; Moucth likewife in round, (The F/eme being in the Nature
faliguid Body: Sometimesrecoyling;Sometimes breaking the Piece,

B Burt

- = ; = Tr = _— —= IIS

Experiments
in Confort.tou-
ching Sepa-
rations of Bo-
dies by Weight

14

Naturall Hiftory :

But generally difcharging the Buless, becaufe ther it Aindeth ealieft Dec
liverance, ;

This Motion vpon Preffure, and the Reciprocall therof, whichis
Motion vpon Tenures we vie to call (by onecommon Name) cMori-
on of Libertie; whichis, when any Body, being forcedto a Preter-Natu-
rall Extent, or Dimenfion, delivereth and reftoreth it felfeto the Na-
turall . Aswhen a Blowue Bladder (Preffed) rifeth againe; or when
Leather or Cloath tentured {priag backe. Thefe two Motions (of which
ther be infinite Inftances, ) we fhall handle in due place.

This 4fot10n vpon Preffureis excellently alfo demonftrated in Sounds;
As when one Chimeth vpon a Be/, it foundeth; But asfoon as helayeth
his hand vpon it, the Sonmdceafeth: And fo, the Sound of a Virginall |’
String, as{ooneas the Quillof the Tack falleth vpon it, ftoppeth. For
thefe Sewads are produced, by the fubtile Percufsion of the Minute
parts, of the Bel, or Strivg, vponthe Aire; All one, as the Water is
caufed to leape by the fubtile Percuffion of the Minute parts of the
GlafJé, vpon the Water, wherof we fpake a little before in the oth,
Experiment. For you mutt not take itto be, the local! Shaking of the
Bell, or String, thatdothit. As we fhall fully declare, when wecome
hereafter to handle Seunds.

kos a Glaffe with a Belly and a long Nebé; fill the Belly (in part)

with Water: Take alfo another Gla/fe, whereinto put Claret Wine
and Water mingled; Reverfe the firkt Glaffé, with the Belly vpwards
Stopping the Neb with your fingar ; Thea.dipp the Mouth of it with
inthe Second Glafe, and remoue your Finger: Continue it in that
pottureforatime ; And it will vnmingle the “Fine from the Water :
The 7 Vine afcending and fetling in the topp of the vpper Glafe; And
the P Vater ce{cendingand fetling in the bottome of the lower Glafse.
The paflage is apparent tothe Eye; For you fhall {ce the VV ine, as it
were, ina {mall veine, rifing through the /Vater. For handfomnefle
fake (becaufe the Working fequirerh fome {mall time) it were good
youhang thevpper Gla/se vpon a Naile. But as toone as ther ts ga-
thered fo much pureand vnmixed water in the Bottome of the Lower
Glafse, as that the Mouth of the vpper Gaffe dippeth into it, the’ afori-
on ceafeth.

Letthe Vpper Gaffe be vVine, and the Lower VV ater. ther follo-
weth no Motion at all. Lett the Vpper Glafe be V Vater Pure, the Low-
wer Vater coloured; or contrariwife; ther followeth no Motionat all.
But it hath been tried, thatthough the Mixture of /Vine and Vater,
inthe Lower Glaffe, be three parts Vater, and but one VP ines yerir|
doth not deadthe Motion. This Separation of VV ater and vine appea.|

by

Century: I. 5
bya {imall Pillar of 7¥'aser in the Neck ofthe Glaffe ; Itisthat, which
ferteth the Merion onworke: For /’/’ater and VF mein one Glaffe, with °
long ftanding, willhardly-feucr. oo

This Experiment would be Extended from Mixtures of feuerall | ¢
quars, to Simple Bodies, which Confilt of {everal! Similare Parts: Try
ittherfore with Broyne or Salt water, and Fre/h water; Placing the Salt
water (which isthe heauier) in the vpper G/a/fe; And {ee whether the
Frefb will comeaboue. Try it alfo with Vater thick Sugred, and Pure
water. and {ee whether the waster which commeth aboue,will loofe his
Sweetnes : Forwhich purpofe it were good ther were a little Cock
made in the Belly of the vpper G/a/fe.

N Bodies containing Fine Spiritts, which doe eafely difsipate, when Experiments
ou make Jafafions, theRuleis, A thort Stay of the Body in the Ls aces
quourreceyueth the Spiritt; Anda longer Stay contoundeth its be- eioes x secu:
eaufe itdraweth forth the Eatthy Part withall; which embafeth the ft? Infiefions,
finery Andtherfore itis an Errour in Phificians, torett imply vponthe joo, ant.
Length of ftay , for encreafing the vertue. Buc if you will haue the Jg- sire,
fefiooktcong, in thofe kinde of Bedies, which haue fine Spirits, your,
wayis, nottogiue Longer time, buttorepeatthe /nfu(ien of the Body
oftners Take Vieletts, and infufea good Pugill of them in a Quart of
Vineger; Letrthem ftay three quarcers of an houre, and take them
forth; And refreth the /nfufion with like quantity of new Vfoletts, f{e-
uen times; And it will makea Vineger fo frchh of the Flower, as ifa
Twelue-moneth after, it be brought you ina Saucer, you fhall fell it
before itcome at you. Note, that iofmelleth more perfectiy of the
Flower, a good while after, then at firft.

This Rule, which wee haue giuen, is of fingulat vie, for the Prepara-
tions of Medecines, and other Jufafions. Astor Example; the Leafc of
Burrage hath an Excellent Spititt, to reprefle the fuliginous Vapour
of Dusky Melancholy, andfotocure Madnes : Butneuerthelefle, if
the Leafe be infufedlong, it yieldeth forth but araw {ubftance, ofno
Vertue ; Therfore ] fuppofe, tharifinthe Muft of Wine, or Wort of
‘| Beere, while it worketh, before it be Tunned, the Barraze ftay a {mall

time, and be often changed with freth; It will make a Soueraigne|
Drink for Melancholy Pafsions. And the like I‘conceyte of Orenze
Flowers, iw |
~ Rubarb bath manifeftly in it Parts ofcontrary Operations: Parts that
purge; And parts that bindethe body : And the firft lay loofer, and
the latter lay deeper : Sothat if you infufe kabarb for anhoore’, and
cruth it well, it will purge better, and binde the Body leffe after the

urging.then ifitftood twenty foure houres ; This is tried : But I con-
ine likewife, that by Repeating the I#fa/iun of Rubarb, feuerall times,
‘(as was {aid of Violetts,) letting each ftay in but a{mall time; you may
makcitasftrong a Purging Medecine, as Scammony. And it isnot a
pall thing wonn in Phifick, if youcanmake Rubarb, and other Mede-

B2 cine

<—2 Ne ent el
.

ay

18

23.

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching the 4p-
petite of Con-
finuAtion in

Ligusds. |

24

Natural Hiftory :
cines that ave Benedict, as ftrong Purgers, as thofethazare not without
fome Malignity.

Purging Medecines, for the moft part, haue their Purgatine Vertue,
ina fine Spirit ; As appeareth by that they indure not boiling, without
much 'ofle of vertue. And therfore it is of good vie in P hifick, if you
can retamethe Parging Vertue, and take away the Vnpleafant taft of
the Purzer , whichit is like you may inepy this Courfe of Infafing
oft, wich little flay. For itis probable, the Horrible and Odious
Taft, is inthe Groffer part.

Generally,the working by /#fu/rons, is grofie and blinde, except you
firft try the [Mving of thefeuerall Parts of the Body, which of them
Iffue more {peedily, and which more flowly ; And fo by apportioning
the time, can take and leaue that Quality, which you defire. This to
know,ther be two waies; The oneto try what long ftay,and what fhore
ftay worketh, as hath been faid: Theotbertotry ia Order, thefucce-
Ging Jnfafions, of one and the fame Body, fuccefsiuely, in feueral] £s-
quors, Asfor example; Take Orenge-Pills, or Rofe- Mary, or Cinna-
mon, Or what you will; Andlet them /#fu/ehalfe an houre in VV ater:
Phen takethem out, and /wfufe them againe in other VVater; And fo
thethirdtime: Andthentaftand confider the Firff water,the Second,
andthe Third: And youwill find them diffcring, not only in Strength
and Weaknes, but otherwifein Taft, or Odour ; For it may bee the
Firs water will haue more of the Sent, as more Fragrant; And the
Second more of the Taft, as more bitter or Biting, &c.

Infafions in Azre, (for fo we may well call Odours) haue the fame
diuerfities with Jnfufions in VV ater; Inthat the feuerall Odeurs (which
are in one Flower, or other Body) iffue at feuerall times; Some earli-
cr,fome latfer : So we findethat Violetts, Woodbines, Strawberries,
yield a pleafing Sent, that commeth forth firft ; But foone after an
ill Sent, quite differing from the Former ; Which is caufed, not fo
much by Mellowing,as by the late Iffuing of the Grofler Spirit.

As we may defire to extract the fineft Spirits infome Cafes ; So we
may defire alfo to difcharge them (as hurtfull) infome other. So
V Vine burnt, by teafonof the Evaporating of the finer Spirit, enfla-
meth leffe, and isbcft in Agues: Opium leefeth fome of his poifoaous
Quallity, if it be vapoured out, mingled with Spirit of Wine,or the like:
Sean leefeth fomewhat of his windines by Decoding; And generally)
fubtile or windy Spirits are taken off by Incenfion, or Evaporation.
Andeuen in Jnfufions in things that are of toohigh a Spirit, you were
better poure off the firft Znfufion, after a fmalltime, and vfe the latter.

pike are inthe forme of an Hemifphere; Aire within, anda little
Skinof v¥aterwithout: And it {eemeth fomewhat ftrange, that
the dire fhould rife fo {wiftly, while it is in theater; And when it
commeth to the topp, fhould be ftaid by fo weake a Couer as that of

the Bxbb/eis. Butas for the {wift Afcent of the Aire, while it is piers
the

| Century: I,
i

the FV ater, thatisa Motion of Percufisen from the ¥ Vater; which it
‘felfe delcending, driueth vpp the Aire; and no Motion of Lewity inthe
| Aire. And this Demecritns called Morws Plage. In this Common Ex-
periment, the Caufe of the Enclofure of the Buébt/e is, for that the Ap-
petite ro refit Separation, or Difcontinuance, (whichin folide Bodses
ts trong) isalfoin Liqevewrs, though fainter and weaker; As wee fee in
this of che Budd/e: we fee ic alfo in little Glafles of Spittle that.children
|make of Rufhes; And in Caftles of Bubbles, which they make by
blowing into wsier, hauing obtained a little Degree of Tenacity by
| Mixture of Soape : Wee fee italfo in the Ssilicides of water, whichif
ther be water enough to follow , will Drawe themfelues into a {mall
thredd, becaufe they willnot difcontinue ; Butif therbe no Remedy,
then they caft themfelucs into round Dropps, which is the Figure, that
faueth the Body moft from Difcontinuance : The fame Reafon is of
the Roundnesof the Bw4o/e, as wellforthe Skin of waster, as for the
| Airewithin: Forthe Ase likewile auoideth Difiontinsance, And ther-
fore cafteth it iclfinto a Round Figure. And forthe ftoppand Arreft of
the 4irea little while, it fheweth that the Ase of it felte hath little, or
no Appetite, of Afcending.

— E Reiection, which I continually vie, of Experiments, (though
it appeareth not) is infinit; But yer if an Experiment be probable in

the Worke, and of great V{e,I receyuc it, but deliver it as doubrfull. It |

was reported by a Sober Man, that an U4riificiall Spring may be made
thus: Finde outa hanging Ground , wher ther is a good quick Fall of
Raine-water. Lay a Half- Trough of Stone,ofa good length, 3.0r4.
foote deep within the {ame Ground, with one end ypon the high
Ground , the other vpon the lowe. Couerthe Trough with Brakesa
ood thicknes, and caft Sand vpon the Topp ofthe Brakes: Youthall
ee, (faith he) that after fome fhowersare paft, the lower End of the
Trough will runn like a Spring of water - which isno maruaile, if it
hold, while the Raine- water lafteth ; But he faid it would continue long
time after the Raine ispaft: Asifthe water did multiply it felf vpon
| the Aire,by the helpe of the Coldnefle and Condenfarion of the Earth,
and the Confort of the firft Water.

pve E French, (which put off the Name of the French Difeafe, ynto
the Nameof the Diféa/e of Naples,) doe report, that at the Siege
of Naples, ther were certaine wicked Merchants, that Barrelled ypp
‘Alans fichh, (of fome that had been, lately flaine in Barbary) and fold
it for T##ny; And that vpon that foule and high Nourifhment, was the

SR eae oar oe de eee |

ctah Springs,

25

Experiment

Solitarytouch-
ing the Vene-
mons Quality
of Mans Flef.

26

Originall ofthat Diféafe. Which may well be, For that it iscertaine, }

thatthe Camibals inthe Weft Indies, cate Mans fico; And the Weft Indies
were full ofthe Pockes when they were firft difcouered: And at.this
day the Mortal? poifons, practifed by the weft lsaians,hauc fome Mix.
ture of the Bloud, or Fatt, or Flefhof Mas: And divers Witches, and
Bs

Sorce- |.

8 2 Natural History :

| Sorcerefies,afwell amoneft the Heathen,as amongft the Chrsffians have
| fedd vpon Mans flefh , to’aid’(as it feemeth) their Imagination, with
High and foule Vapours: »

}
t
i
ae | PT feemeth thatther bethefe waies (in likelihood) of Verfion of Va-
anaes pours, or Aires intoWater and Moifture. The firft is Cold, which
ing we Kv er/z |, : . . . +
oa and Tranf. Goth manifeftly Condenfe ; As wee {ee in the Contracting of the Aire

mutation of in the weather-Glaffe; whereby it isa Degree nearer towater. Wee fee

dive int - ° ‘ 5 = ‘
Yue, | italfointhe Generation of Springs, which the Ancients thought (very

27

probably) to be made by the Ver/ion of Arre into water, holpen by the
Ref, which the Aire hath in thofe Parts, wherby it cannot diffipare,
And by’ the Coldnes of Rockes 5 for ther Springs are chiefly gencrated.
Wee fecitalfo in the Effects of the Cold of the Middle Region (as they
‘callir) of the Aire ; which produceth Dews, and Xaizes. And the Ex-

| periment of Turning water into Ice, by Snow, Nitre, and Silt, (wher-

_of wee fhall fpeake hereafter,) wouldbe transferred to the Turning

| of Arre‘into water. The Second way is by Compre(sioz 5 As in Stillato-

| vies, wher the Vapour is turned back, vpont felf, by the Encounter of

| the Sides ofthe Stillatory;, Andin the Dew ypon the Couers of Boyliag

Potts; Andinthe Dewtowards Raine, vpon Marble, and watafcort.

But this is liketo doeno great effec ; Except it be vpon Vapours, and

_.. |grofle dire, that are allready very neare in Degree to Water. The

- | Third is that, which may befearched into, but doth not yet appeare ;
“-SIwhich is, by Mingling of moift Vapours with Aire; And trying if
© |theywillnort bringa Returne of more Water , then the water was. at
firtt : For if(o; That Increafe is averfiow of the Aire: Therfore putt
water into the Bottome of a Stifatory, with the Nebb topped ; Weigh
the wer firlt; Hang in the Middle of the Stilatery a large Spunge ;
And fee what Quantitie of ater you can cruth out of it; And wharit
is more, or lefle, compared with the water {pent ; For you muftvnder-
ftand., that ifany Verfion can be wrought, it will be eafelieftdone in
fmall Potés : And rhatis the Reafon why wee prefcribe a Spange. The
Fourth way is Probable alfo , though not Appearing ; Which is, by
Rectiwine the Aire intothe {mall Pores of Bedies ; For (as hath beenfaid)
eucry thing in fmal! Quantity is moreeafy for verfios; And Tangible
Bodies have no pleafure in the Confort of Aire, but endeauourto fub-
ait intoamore Dene Body: But in Entire Bodies it is checked ; be-
caufe if the Aire fhould Condenfe, theris nothing to fucceed: Ther-}
fore it mutt be in doofe Bodies , as Sand, and Powder; which wee fee, if
they lye clofe, ofthemfelues gather Moifture. wi

i

Expetitrient
Solitary tou-
ching Helpes
‘towards the
Beauty and
good Features
nof Perfons,

28

Li is reported by fome of the Ancients ; Thatéelps, or orher Crea-
tures, ifthey be put Young, into fuch a Cage, or Boxe, asthey can~
“notpife'totheir Srature, but may encreafe in Breadth, or length ; |
will’gtowe accordingly , asethey can gett Roome: which if inbe |
true, and faifible, and that the young Creature {o prefled, and Brenig .
“PITOC . o tened, |

t

Century: I. Be

0 a oe Re SE ee eeeeerer Sarees
ened, doth northerupon die; It isa Meanesto produce Dwarfe Crea-'
tures, and ina very Strange Figure. This is certaine, and noted long.
fince; Thatthe Preflure or Forming of Parts of Creatures, when they |
arevery young, doth alter the Shape nota litle ; As the Stroaking of
the Heads of Infants, between the Hands, was noted of Old,. co make

| Macrocepbali , which fhape of the Head, ar that time, was efteemed.And

the Raiting gently of the Bridge of the Nofe, doth preuent the Defor-|
mity ofa Saddle Nofe. Which obferuation well weighed, may teach.
ls Meanes, to make the Perfons of Men, and Women, in many kindes, |
| morécomely,and better featured, then otherwife they would be ; By,
the Forming and Shaping of them in their Infancy : As by Stroaking vp

‘the Calues of the Leggs, to keepe them from falling downe too lowe;

And by Stroaking vp the Forehead to keepe them from being low-,

\foreheaded. And it isa common Practife tofwath Infants , thatthey |

“may growe more ftraight, and better fhaped: And wee fee Young Wo-|
men,by wearing ftraight Bodies, keepe themf{clues from being Grofle,

‘and Corpulent.

| Nions, as they hang, will many of them fhoot forth; And fo will Experiments
O Penniroiall , Andiowillan Herb called Orpin, with whichthey ray po Sam
vfe,inthe Country, to trimme their Houfes, binding itto a Lath, or dering of
Stick, and fetting ir againfta wall. We fee it likewife, moreefpecially, ie fuch
inthe greater Semper vine, which will put out.Branches, two or three | von yyaehr,
| yeares + Bat itis true, that commonly they wrappthe Root in a Cloth and yieldox-
befmeared with oy/e, andrenue it oncein halfe a’ Yeare. The like is re.|"""”*-
ported by fome of the 4 acients, ofthe Stalks of Lilies. The Caufe 29
is ; For that thefe P/ats hauc a Strong, Denfe,and Succulent Moifture,
| which is notapttoexhale ; And fois able, fromthe old ftore,without |
| drawing helpe from the Earth, to fuffice the {prouting of the Plant :
| And this Sprouting is chiefly in the late Spring, or early Sommer;
which are the Times of Putting forth. We fee alfo, that Stwmps of
Trees,lying out of the ground,will put forth Sprouts fora Time. But it
isa Noble Triall, and of very great Confequence,to try whether thefe
things, inthe Sprouring,doe increafe Weight; which mutt be tried, by
weighing them before they be hangdvp ; And afterwards againe,
when they are {prouted. For if they encreafé notin Weight ; Then it is
nomore butthis; That whatthey fend forth in the Sprour, they leefe
in fome other Part: Butifthey gather Weight , then itis Magnale Na-
ture, Forit fheweth that Aire may be made fo tobe Condenfed, as to |.
be converted into a Denfe Body; wheras the Race and Period of all}
things, here aboucthe Earth, is to extenuate andturne thingsto be
mote Preumaticall,and Rare; Andnottobe Retrograde, from Prer-
matical tothat whichis Denfe. It fhewethalfo, that Aire can Nowrifh; i
which is another great Matter of Confequence. Note, that to try this,
the Experiment of the Semper-vive mault be made without Oiling the
Cloth; For els, it may be, the Plant receiueth Nourifhment trom the ||
i Flame

rr ee

ee)

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the c@-
wixture of
Flame and
<tive.and the
great Force

therof,

39°

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Se-
cret Nature
cf Flame,

31

Naturall History :

| Lameand Aire doenot Mingle, except it be inan Jmflant; Or inthe
vitall Spiritts of vegetables, and liwing Creatures. In Gunpowder, the
Force of it hath beenafcribed, to Rarefaction of the Earthy Subftance
into Flame; And thus farrit istrue: And then (forfooth) it is be-
come another Element 5 the Forme wherof occupieth more place,
And fo, of Neeefsity, followetha Dilatation : And therfore, Iefttwo
Bodics fhould bein one place, ther muft needesalfo follow an Expul-
fion ofthe pellet; Or Blowing vp of the Mine. But thefe are Crude
_and Ignorant Speculations. For Flame,if ther were nothing els,except
it were invery great quantity, will befuffocate with any hard Body,
fuch asa Pelletis, Orthe Barrell of aGunn; So asthe Flame would
not expellthe hard Body; But the hard Body would kill the Flame,
and norfufferit to kindle, or fpread. Butthe Caufe of this fopotent
a Motion, is the Nitre, (which wee call otherwife Salt-Petre ;) which
having in it anotable Crudeand windy Spér:t, firft by the Heate of the
| Fire {uddainly dilateth it felf; (And wee knoawe that fimple C#ire, be-
ing preternaturally attenuated by Heate, will make it felfRoome, and
br. ake and blowe vp that which refifteth it; ) And Secondly, when
the Nitre hath Dilated it feif, it blow: thabroad the F/ame,as an Inward
Bellowes. And therfore wee fee that Brimstone, Pitch, Camphire,Wilde-
Fire,and divers other Inflammable Maiters,though they burne cruelly,
andare hardto quench; Yetthey make no {uch fiery winde, as Gun-
powder doth: And on the other fide, weefee that Quick Siluer, (which
isa moft Crude and Watry Body) heated,and pent in,hath the like force
with Gunpowder, As for lising Creatures, it is certaine, their Vitall Spi-
ritts area Subftance Compounded of an Airy and Flemy Matter; And
though C4ire and Flame being free, will not well mingle; yet bound
in bya Body that hath fome fixing, they will. Forthat you maybeft fee
in thofe two Bodies, (which are their Aliments,) water,and Oyle, For
they likewife willnot well mingle of themfelues , but in the Bodies of
Plants, and lining Creatures, they will. Itisno marvaile therfore, that
a fmall Quantity of Spiritts, inthe Cells of the Braine , and Canales of
the Sinewes , are able to moue the whole Body, (which is of fo gieat
Maffe, ) both with fo great Force, asin Wreftling Leaping ; And with
fogreat Swiftnes , Asin playing Diuifion vponthe Lute. Such is the
force of thefe two Natures, dire and Flame, when they incorporate.

Ake a fmall waxe Candle, and putt it ina Socket, of Braffe, or Iron;

Then fete it vpright ina Porringer full of Spiritt of Wine, heated :
Then fett both the Candle, and Spirits of wine, on fire, and you thall fec
the Flame of the Candle, openit felf, and become. ors. times bigger
thenotherwife it would haue been; and appeare in Figure Globular.
and not in Piramis. You fhall fee alfo, that the Inward Flame of the
Candlekeepeth Colour, and doth not waxeany whitt blewe towardes

the Colour of the Outward flame of the Spiritt of wise. This is a Noble
; ; Inflanee

(Century. 1.

Inffance ; whercin two things are moftremarkable ; The one; that one
Flame within another quencheth not; but isa fixed Body,and continu-
eth as Aire, or Pater doe. Andtherefore Flame would ftill afcend vp-
wards in one greatneile, if it were Mot quenched on the Sides: And the
greater the Flame is at the Bottome, the higher is theRife, The other,
chat Flame doth not mingle with Blame, as Aire doth with dire, or Ws
ter with Water,but only remaineth contiguous; As itcommeth to paffe
betwixt Contifting Bodies, Icappeareth alfo, that the forme of a Pira-

mis in Flame, which we v{ually fee,ismeerely by Accident,and that the |

’ | dire about, by quenching the Sides of the Flame, crufheth it, and ex-
tenuateth itinto that Forme; Forof itfelfe it would be Round: And
therefore Smoake isin the Figure of a Piramis Reuerfed; For the Aires

encheth the Flame, and receiueth the Smoake, Note alfo, thatthe
Flame of the Candle, within the Flame of the Spirit of Wine, is troubled ;
And doth not onely open and mouce vpwards,but moueth wauing,and
toand fro: As if Flame of his owne Nature (if it were not quenched,)
would rowle and turne, as well as moue vpwards, By allwhich, it
fhould feeme, that the Czleftiall Bodies, (moft of them,) are true Fires
or Flames, as the Stoicks held ; More fine (perhaps) and Rarified, than
our Flame is, For they areall Globular,and Determinate,; They haue
Rotation ; And they haue the Colour and Splendour of Flame : Sothat
Flame aboucis Durable, and Confiftent,and in his Naturall place ; But
with ys, it is aStranger,and Momentany, and Impure s Like Ywleam that
halted w:th his Fall,

1 ‘

Take an Arrow,and hold it in Fleme,for the fpace of ten pulfes;And
when it commeth forth, you hall finde thofe Parts of the Arrow, which
were on the Outfides of the Flame, more burned, blacked, and turned
almoft into a Coale; whereas that in the Middeft of the Flame, willbe,
as if the Fire had {carcetouched it, This is an inftance of great confe-
quence forthe difcouery of the Nature of Flame; And fheweth mani-
feftly, chat Flame burneth more violently towards the Sides,than in the
Midden : And,which is more,that Heat or Fire is not violent or furious,
but where itis checked, and pent, And therfore the Perizatetickes (how-

‘foeuer their opinion of an Element of Fire abouc the Aire is iuftly ex-
ploded;) inthat Point they acquit themfelues well: For being oppo-
fed, that if therewerea Spheare of Fire, that incompafled the Earth fo
neare hand, it were impoffible butall things fhould be burntvp; They
an{wer, that the pure Elemental Fire, in his owne place,and not irritate,
is but of a Moderate Heat.

and is firto be tried to the full: For itis very probable, that the Motion

Middeft andon
the Sides.

32

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching theDiffe-
rent force of
Flamein the

Natural mosion
of Gramityin
great diftaace
from the Earths
or within fome
depth of ibe

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching the De-
creafe of the
Earth,

| | — Natural Hiftory:

Granitie worketh weakly, both farre from the Earth, and alfo within

theEarth: The former, becaufe the a of Vnion of Denfe Bo-
dies with the Earth, in refpedt of the diftance, is more dull ; The larrer,
becaufe the Body hath in part attained his Nature, when itis fome
Depth in the Earth, For as for the Mouing toa Point or Place ( which
was the Opinion of the Ancients) it isa mecre Vanity.

Experiment It is trange, how the Ancients tookevp Experiments vpon credit,and

Solitarytou- | yerdid build great Matters vpon them, The Obferuation of fome of

chinsthe com | the beft of them, deliuered confidently is, That a ¥e/fell filled with s/bes,
will receiue the like quantity of Vater, that it would haue done, ifit had
been empty, Butthisis veterly vntrue ; for the Water will not goc in by
a Fifth part. And I fuppofe, that that Fifth part is the difference of the
lying clofe, or open, of the Afbes; As we fee that A(bes alone, ifthey be
hard preffed, willlye in leffe roome: And fo the Afbes with Aire be-
tweene, lyeloofer; and with Water, clofcr. For I hauenot yet found
certainly, that the Water, ir felfe, by mixture of 4/bes, ot Duff, will
(hrinke or draw into lefle Roome,

traction of Bo-~
dies in Bulkz by
the Mixture of
the more Li-
quid Body with
the more Solid.

34
Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Ma-

It is reported of credit, that if you lay good ftore of Kersells of
Grapes, about the Root of a Vine ; it will make the ¥iae come earlier, and
profpcer better, It may be tried with other Kernells, laid about the Root
ofa Plant of thefamekinde; As Figgs,Kernells ot Apples,dec. The Caufe
may be, for that the Kernels draw out of the Earth Iuice fit to nourith
the Tree, as thofe that would be Trees of themfelue§,though there were
no Root; But the Root being of greater ftrength,robbeth and deuoureth
the Nourifhment, when they haue drawneit: As great Fi/ges deuoure
little,

Experiments | The Operation of Purging Medicines, ave the Canfes thereof, haue

reaching nés beene thought tobea great Secret, And fo according to the flothfull
ging Medicines. | Manner of Men, it is referred to a Hiddem Propriety, a Specificall vertucv,
36 anda Fourth Qualitie, andthe like Shifts of Ignorance. The Cas/es of
Purging are diuers ; All plaine and perfpicuouss And throughly main-
tained by Experience. The firftis, That whatfoeuer cannot be ouer-
come and difgefted by the Stemacke, is by the Stomacke, either put vp by
Vomit, or put downe to the Guts;And by that Motions of Expalfion in the
Stomsacke, and Guts, other Parts of the Body, (as the Orifices of the Veines,
and the like) are moued to expell by Confest. For nothing is more fre-
quent than Motion of Confent inthe Body of Man. This Surcharge of
the Stomacke, is caufed cither by the Qusalitie of the Medicine, or by the
Ownantitie, The Qualities are three: Extreme Bitter, as in Aloés, Calo-
note Sc. Leathfeme and of horrible tafte ; As in Agarick, Black Helle-
ore, &c. Andoffecret Malignity,and difagreement towards Mans Be-
die, many times not appearing much in the Tafte ; As in Seammeny, Me-
choachaw, Antimony, 8c, And note well, that ifthere be any Medicine,
that

king Vinesmore

fraitfnll.
35

Century. I,

SEE BR ERR
that Pargeth, and hath neither of the firft wo Manife/? Qualities s itis to
beheld fufpected, as akinde of Pay/ow; For that it worketh either by
Corrofiow; or by a fecret Malignitie and Enmitie to Natsre : And therfore
fuch Medicines are warily to be prepared, and vied, The Qwantitie of
that which is taken,doth alfo caufe Purging; As we tee ina great Quan.
titieof New Milkefrom the Cow 3 yea anda great Q santitie of Meat;For

| Surfers many times turne to Purges, both vpwards, and downwards.
Therefore we fee generally that the working of Purging Aedicines,com-
methtwo or three houres after the Medicines taken; Fot that the szo-
meacke ficlt maketh a proofe, whether itcan concog&them. And the like
happeneth after Sarfets ; Or Milke in too great Quantitic,

A fecond Cau/e is Mordication of the Orifices of the Parts; Efpeci-
ally of the Mefemery veiwes; As itis feene, that Sa/t, or any fuch thing
that is fharpe and biting, put into the Fundament, doth prouoke the
Parttoexpell ; And Atw/ard prouoketh Sneezing: And any Sharpe
Thing to the Eyes, prouoketh Teares, And therfore we {ce that almoft
all Pargers haucakinde of 7: wiching and vellication, befides the Griping
which commeth of wind, And if this Aferdicasion be in an ouer-high
Degree, it is little better than the Corrofion of Poyfon; And it commeth

| to paffe fometimes in Antimony ; Elpecially ifit be giuen,to Bodies not
repleatwith Humors; For where Humotsabound, the Humors faue
the Parts,

\ The third Casfeis Attraction : For I doenot deny, but that Purging
Medicines hauc in them a dite& Force of attraction; As Drawing Pla-
feershaue in Sargery: And we fee Sage, or Bettony brufed, Sneexing-pow-
der,and other Powders or Liquors ( which the Phy/itians call Errbines,)
put into the Nofe, draw Flegme, and waterfrom the Head; And foit
is in Apophlegmati/mes, and Gargarifmes, that draw the Rheume downe
by the Pallate, And by this Vertue, no doubrt,fome Purgers draw more
one Humour, and fome another, according tothe Opinion receiued :
As Rabarb draweth Choller; Sean Melancholy; Agarick Flegme; &c.
Butyet, (moreor lefle) they draw promifcuoufly. And note alfo, that
des Sympathy, between the Purger and the Hwmour,there is alfo an-
other Caufe,why fome Medicines dcaw fome Humour more than ano-
ther. And itis, for that fome Medicines work quicker than others: And
they that draw quick,draw only the Lighter, & more fluide Humours 5
they that draw flow, worke vpon themore Tough, and Vifcous Hu-
mours, And therfore Men muft beware, how they take Rabarb,and the
like, alone, familiarly ; Forittaketh only the Lighteft part of the Hu-
mour away, and leaueth the Maffe of Humours more obftinate, And
thelike may be faid of Worme-wood, which is fo much magnified.

The fourth Caufeis Flatuofity; For Wind ftirred moueth to expel :
Andwe finde that (in effecét) all Purgers hauc in them a raw Spirit, or
Wind; whichis the Principall gan/e of Tortion in the Stomach, and Belly.
And therfore Purgers leefe (ffoft of them) the vertue, by Decoction
vpon the Fire ; And for that Caufeare giuen chiefly in Infufion,luyce,
orPowder, Cz oS ae

41

44

Naturall Hiftory :

The fifth Can/é is Comprefion,or Crufbing : As when Water is Cruthed
out ofa Spange : So we fee that Zakéng Cold moucth Loofenefle by Con-
traction of the Skinn, and outward Parts; And fo doth Co/d likewife
caufe Rheumes, and Defluxions from the Head; And {ome Aftringemt
Plafters cruth out purulent Matter. This kind of Operation is notfound
in many Medicines : Mirabolanes hauc it; And it may be the Barkes of
Peaches ; For this Vertue requireth an (friction ; but {uch an Aftriction,
as is not gratefull tothe Body ; (For a pleafing 4/riction doth rather
Binde in the Humours, than Expellthem : ) And therforefuch sfr#-
ion is found in Things of an Harrifh Tafte,

The Sixth Cau/eis Lubrefaction, and Relaxation, As we fee in Meds-
cines Emollient ; Suchas are Milke, Homey, Mallowes, Lettuce, Mercurial,
Pelletory of she Wall, and others, There is alfoa fecret Vertue of Relaxa-
tiow in Cold: For the Heat of the Body bindeth the Parts and Humours
together, which Coldrelaxeth: As itis {eene in Vrine, Blond, Pottage, or
the like; which, if they be Cold, breake, and diflolue. And by this kinde
of Relaxation, Feare loofeneth the Belly ; becaufe the Heat retiring in-
wards towards the Heart,the Gutts ie other Parts are relaxed ; In the
fame manner, as Feare alfo caufeth Trembling in the Sinewes, And of
this Kinde of Pargers arefome Medicines made of Mercury.

The Seuenth Cau/e is Abferfiow ; which is plainly a Scouring off, or
Incifion of the more vifcows Humors, and making the Humors more fluide;
And Cutting betweenethem, and the Part, Asis found in Witrous Wa-
ter, which fcoureth Linnen Cloth ({peedily) from the Fouleneffe, But
this Jucifiosmuft be by a Sharpneffe, without Affriction : Which wee
finde in Salt, Worms-wood,Oxymel, and the like,

There be Medictmes, that moue Stooles, and not ¥rine; Some other,
Vrine,and not Stooles. Thofe that Purge by Stoole are {uch as enter not
at all, or little into the Afe/emtery Veines ; But either at the firftare not |
digeftible by the Stomach, and therefore mouc immediatly downwards
to the Gutts; Or elfe are afterwards reiected by the Me/entery eines,
and fo turne likewife downwards to the Gwéts; and of thefe two kindes
are moft Pargers. But thofe that moue ¥rine, are fuch, as are well dige-
fted of the Stomach, and well receiucd alfo of the Mefentery Veiness So
they comeas farre as the Léwer, which fendeth ¥rime to the Bladder, as
the Whey of Blowd: And thofe Medicines being Opening and Piercing,
doe fortifie the Operation of the Léwer, in fending downe the wheyey
Part of the Bloud to the Reines, For Medicines Vrinatine doc not worke
by Reiection, and Indigeftion, as Solutine doe,

There be diuers Medicines, which in greater Quantity,moue Stede,
and in fimaller, 7rime: And fo contrariwife, fome that in greater Quan-
tity, Moue Prine, and in Smaller, Stole. Of the former fore is Rabarb,and

fome others. The Caw/é is, for that Rabarb is a Medicine, which the Sto-
mach in a {mall Quantity doth digeft,and ouercome, (being not Flatu-
ous, nor Loathfome 3) and fo fendeth f¥to the Mefemtery Vernes; And
fo being opening, it helpethdowne Prine: Butina greater esr
the

(Century. I. rm

the Stewach cannotouercomeit, and fo it goeth to the Gutts, Pepper by
fome ofthe Asciewts isnoted to be of the fecond fort; which being in
{mall Quantity, moueth wind in the Stomach and Gutts, and {0 expel-
leth by .Sseole; But being in greater Quantity, diffipateth the Hind; And
it Glfe gerceth tothe Alefentery veines ; And fo to the Lémer, and Reines;
where, by Heating and Opening, it fendeth downe Fring more plen-

tifully,

Wechaue fpoken of Ewacuating of the Body ; wee will now {peake | Experiments

fomething of the Féllimg of it by Re/foratines in Confumptions, and Eza-|in oe F
ciating Difeafes. In Vegetables, there is one Part that is more Nourifhing perp ed Ene
than another; As Graswes, and Roots nourifh more, than the Leawes ; In | are moft Now-
fo much as the Order of the Foliatawes was put downe by the Pope, asfin- |"
ding Leaues vnable to Nourifh Mans Body, Whether there bethardif-| 45
ference in the Fleth of Liming Creatures, is not well inquired: As whe-
ther Léwers, and other Ewtrasls, be not more Nourifhing, than the Out-
ward Fle/b.VWVe find that amongft the Romans, a Goo/es Liner was a great
Delicacy; In fo much as theyhad Artificiall Meanes to make it faire,
and great ; But whether it were more Nourifhing, appeareth not. It is
certaine, that Marrew is more Nourifhing than Fas. And I conceive
that fome Decoétion of Bones, and Sisewes, amped, and well ftrained,
would bec a very Nosrifbing Broth : VWVce finde alfo that Scotch Skinck,
(which is a Pottage of {trong Nourifhment, ) is made with the Knees,
and Simewes of Beefe, but long boiled : Jelly alfo,which they vfe fora Re-
ftoratiue, is chiefly made of Kenckles of Veale, The Pulp thatis within
the Crafijb or Crabb, which they {pice and butter, is more Nourifhing
than the Fle/h of the Crabb or Crafifh, The Yelkes of Egges arc cleately
more Nourifhing than the Whites. So that itfhould feeme, that the
Parts of Liwing Creatures, that lye more Inwards,nourifh more than the
Outward Flefh : Exceptit bee the Braise ; which the Spirits prey too
much vpon, toleaue it any great Vertue of Nourifhing. Itfeemeth for
the Nourifhing of Aged Men, or Menin Confumptions, fome fuch
thing thould be Deuited, as fhould be halfe Chylus, before it be put into
the Stomach,

Take two largeCapons; perboile them vpon a foft fire, by the {pace 46
ofan houre, ormore, till in effec all the Bloud be gone. Adde in the
Decoction the Péll of a Sweet Limon, ora good part of the Pil of a Cé-
trom, and a little Mace, Cut off the Shanckes,and throw them away.Then
with a good {trong Chopping-knife, mince the two Capons, bones and
alJ, as {mall as ordinary Minced Meat; Put them into a large neat Boul-
ter; Then takea Kilderkin, fweer, and well feafoned ,of foure gallons of
Beore, of 8.2. ftrength, newas it commeth from the Tunning ; Make
nthe Kilderkina great Bung-hole of putpofe: Then thruftinto it, the
Boulter (in which the Capons are) drawne out in length ; Let it fteepe in
itthree Dayes, and three Nights, the Bung-hole open, to worke; Then
clofe the Bung-hole, and fo let it continue, aDayandahalfe; Then

draw

— Se ee,

cM

49

59

51

Naturall Hiftory:

draw it into bottles, and you may drinke it well after three dayes Bot-

teling 5 And it will laft fix wecks (approued.) It drinketh fre(h, flow-

reth and mantleth exceedingly ; It drinketh not newifhatall ; Itis an

excellent Drinke for a Confumption,to be drunke either alone, or Car-
ded with fome other Beere. It quencheth Thirft, and hath no whit of
windineffe, Note, that it is not poffible, that Meat and Bread, either in
Broths,or taken with Drink, as is vfed, fhould get forth into the veines,
and outward Parts, fo finely, and eafily, as when it is thus Incorporate,
and madealmott a Chylws aforehand,

Triall would bee made of the like Brew with Potado Roots, or Barr
Roots, or the Pith of Artichoakes, which are nourifhing Meats : It may
be tried alfo, with other fleth; As Phefant, Partridge, Young Porke, Pigge,
Venifon, e{pecially of young Deere, 8c,

A Mortre(fe made with the Brawne of Capons, ftamped, and ftrained,
and mingled ( after it is made) with like quantitie, (at theleaft, ) of
Almond Butter ; is an excellent Meat to Nourith thofe that areweake ;
Better than Blanck-Manger, ot lelly:And fo is the Cullice of Cocks, boyled
thick with the like Mixture of Almond Butter : For the Mortre(fe, or Cul-
lice, of it felfe, is more Sauoury and ftrong ; And notfo fitfor Nouri-
fhing of weake Bodies ; But the Almonds thatarenot of fo high a tafte
as Fle(b, doe excellently qualifie it.

Indians Mai hath ( of certaine )an excellent Spirit of Nourith-
ment 3 But it muft be throughly boyled, and made intoa AMfaiz-Crea me
like a Barley Creame, I iudge the fame of Rize, made intoa Creame ;
For Rize is in Turky, and other Countries of the Eaft, moft fed vpon ;
Butit muft bethroughly boyled in refpeé& of the Hardneffe of it : And
alfo becaufe otherwife it bindeth the Body toomuch,

Piftachoes fo they be good,and not mufty,ioyned with Almonds in_Al-
mond Milke ; Oc made into a Milke of themfclues, like vnto Almond
Milke, but more greene, arean excellent Nourifher. But you thalldoe
well; toaddea little Ginger, {craped, becaufe they arenot without fome
fubtill windineffe,

Milke warme from the Cow, is found to bea great Nourifher, anda
good Remedy in Confumptions : But then you muft put into it, when
you milke the Cow, two littlebagges 5 the one of Powder of Mint, the
other of Powder of Red Rofes ; For they keepe the Milkefomewhat frem
Turning, or Crudling in the ftomach ; And putin Sugaralfo, forthe

{ame caufe, and partly for the Tafts fake ; But you muftdrinke a good

| draughe that it may ftay leffe time in the ftomach, left it Cruddle: And

let the Cup into which you milke the Cow, bee fet in a greater Cup
of hot water,that you may take it warme.And Cow-milke thus prepared,
Tiudge to be better for a Com/smption, than Affe-milke, which (itis true )
turncthnotfoeafily, butitisa little harrifh ; Marry itis more proper
for Sharpneffe of Vrine, and Exulceration of the Bladder,and all man-
nerof Lenifyings. romans milke likewife is prefcribed, when all faile ;
but I commend it nor; as being a little too neerethe Inyce of. mene
Ya!

a oS Se

dy, to be agood Nourifher, Except it be in Jwfamts,to whom itis
Naturall,

Oyle of Sweet Almonds, newly drawen , with Sagar, anda little
Spice, {pread vpon Bread tofted,isan Excellent Nourifher ; But then to
keepe the Oyle from frying in the Stomach , you muft drinke a good
draught of Milde Beere after it; And to keepe it from relaxing the Sto-
mach too much, you muft putin a little Powder of Cinnamon,

The Tolkes of Eggs are of themfelues fo well prepared by Natuite for
Nourifhment; As (fo they be Portched, or Reare boiled) they need no
other Preparation, or Mixtures yet they may be taken alfo rawe, when
they are new laid, with Afalme/ey, or Sweet wine ; You thall doe well to
putin fome few Slices of Erynginm Roots, and a little Amber-grice ; For
by this meanes, befides the immediate Facultie of Nourifhment, fuch
Drinke will ftrenathen the Backe ; So thar ic will nor draw downe
the rine too faft ; For too much Prine doth alwaies hinder Nou-
rifhment.

Mincing of mest,as in Pies,and battered Minced Meat, faucth the Grin-
ding of the Teeth ; And therefore, (nodoubr) itis more Nourifhiog;
Efpecially in Age; Or to them thathaue weake Teeth ; But the Butter
isnot fo proper for weake Bodies ; And therfore it were good to moi-
ften it with a little Claret wine, Pill of Linsow,or Orenge, cut {mall Sugar,
anda very little Cisnamon, or Nutmege. As for Chests, which are like-
wife minced Meat, in ftead of Butter, and Far, it were good to moiften
them, partly with Creame,or Almond, or Piffacho milkesor Barly, or Max
Creame, Adding a little Coriander Seed, and Carraway Seed, and avery
little Saffron, The more full Handling of Alimentation wercferuc to the
due place.
sae: Fie has hitherto handled the Particulars which yecld beft, and cafici,
and plentifallet Nowrifhmsent; Andmow we will ppeake of the bef? Meanes
of Conaeying, and Conuerting the Nexrifbment,

The Firit d¢anes is,to procure that the Nowsri/bwsemt may not be rob-
bed, and drawen away ; wherin that, which we haue already {aid, is ve-
ty Materiall; To prouide, that the Reines draw not too ftrongly an o-
ae Part of the Blewd into Prine, Tothis adde thatPrecept ot A-
4d , that Wine be forborne in all Con/umptsons ; For that the Spirits of

1¢ Wine, doc prey vpon the Rofcide Iuyce of the Body, and inter-com-
mon with the Spirits of the Body, and fo deceiue androbbe them of
theit Nourifhment. And tiehctoreiF the Confumption growing from
the weakwes of the Stomach, doc force you to vfe Wine;let it alwaics be
burnt,that the Quicker Spirits may euaporate;or at the leaft quenched
with two little wedges of Gold, fix or feuen times repeated. Addealfo
this Prouifion, That there be not too much Expence of the Nourifbment,
by Exhaling, and Sweating : And therfore if the Patient beapt to fweat,
it muft be gently reftrained, But chiefly Hippocrates Rule is to bee fol-
lowed ; who aduifeth quite contrary to that which is in vfe :' Namely,
thatthe Lionen, or Garment next the Flefh, be in Winter drie, and oft
st _ changed ;

17

5%

13 Naturall Hiftory :

changed ; And in Sommer feldome changed, and {meared oner with
Oyle; For certaine itis, that any Subftance that is fat,dotha lirele fill
the Pores of the Body, and ftay Sweat, in fome Degree, But the more
cleanly way is, to haue the Linnen {eared lightly ouer , with Qyle of
Sweet Almonds; And not to forbeare fhifting as oft as is fit,

56 The Second Meanes is, to fend forth the Nowré/hmsent into the Parts,

more ftrongly ; For which, the working mutt be by Strengthening of the

Stomach; And in this,becaufe the Stomach is chiefly comforted by Wine,
and Hot things, which otherwife hurt; it is good torefort to Outward
Applications to the Stomach : VVherin it hath beene tried,that the Quils
of Rofes, Spices, Maftick, Wormeweod, Mint, &c. are nothing fo helptull,
as to take aCake of New bread, and to bedew it witha little Sack, or Ale-
gant; And to drie it; And after it be dricda little beforethe Fire, to
put itwithin a cleane Napkin, and to lay itto the Stomach: For it is
certaine, that all Flower hath a potent Vertue of A/friétion;In fo much
as it hardeneth a peece of flefh, or a Flower, thatislaid init: And
therefore a Bagge quilted with Bras, is likewife very goods butit drieth
fomewhat too much; and therefore it muft not lye long,

The Third Afeanes (which may bea Branch of the former) is to fend
forth the Nowrifbment the better 2 Sleepe. For we fee, that Beares,and
other Creatures that fleepe in the Winter, wax exceeding far: And cer-
taine itis,(as it is commonly belecued) that S/eepe doth Nourifh much;
Both for thatthe Spirits do leffe {pend the Nourifhmentin Sleepe, then
when liuing Creatures are awake: And becaufe (that which is to the pre-
fent purpofe) it helpeth to thruft out the Nourifhment into the Parts,
Therefore in Aged men, and weake Bodies, and fuch as abound not
with Choller,a fhore Sleepe after dinner doth helpeto Nourifh; For in
fuch Bodies there is no feare ofan ouer-haftie Difgeftion, which is the
Inconuenience of Poftmeridian Sleepes, Sleepe alfo in the Morning, af-
ter the taking of fomewhat of eafie Digeftion ; As Adilke from the Cow,
Nesrifbing Broth, or the like; doth further Nourilhment : But this
would bee done, fitting vpright, that the Mi/ke or Broth may paffe the
more {peedily to the bottome of the Stomach,

58 The Fourth Afeanes is to prouide that the Parts themfelues may
draw to them the Nourifhmentftrongly, There is an Exeellent Obfer-
uation of Aristotle ; That a greatReafon why Plants (fome of them) are
of greater Age, than Liming Creatures,is, for that they yearely put forth
new Leaues, and Boughes; whereas Léwing Creatures put forth (after
their Period of Growth,) nothing that is young, but Haire and Nailes;
which are Excrements,and no Parts. Andit is moft certaine,that what-
focuer is young, doth draw Nourifhment better, than that which is
Old; And: then (that which is the Myftery of that Obferuation) young
Boughes, and Leawes, calling theSapvp tothem; the fame Nourifheth
the Bedy, inthe Paffage, And this we fee notably proued alfo, in that
the oft Cutting, or Polling of Hedges, Trees, and Herbs, doth conduce
muchto their Lafting, Transferre therefore this Obferuation to the

\ Helping

57

Century. I. i9
} Helping of Nourifhment in Liwing Creatures: The Nobleft and Princi-
pali Vfe whercofis, forthe Prolesgation of Life ; Re/fauration of fome

Degtee ot reuth; and /nteneration of the Parts: For certaine it is, that

thereare in Liming Creatures Parts chat Nourish,and Repaire eafily; And

Parts that Nourithand repaire hardly , And you muft refreth, and re-

new thofe thatare eafic to Nourith, that the other may be refrethed,

and (as it were) Drinke in Nourithment,in the Puflage. Now wee fee
that Drasght Oxen, put into good Pafture, recouer the Fleth of young

Beefe; And Mer after long Emaciating Diets, wax plumpe, and fat,

and almoit New: So that you may furely conclude, that the frequent

and wife Vie of thofe Emsaciating Diets, and of Pargings ; And perhaps
of fome kinde of Bleeding ; is a principall Mcanes of Prolongation ot Life;
and Reffering fome Degtce of Youth: Foras we haue often faid, Death
) commeth vpon Lising Creatures like the Torment of MeXer sus;
voles aay Mortua qusnetiam sunzebat Corpora vinis,
se | 2» Componens Manibulg, Manus, atg Ovtbus Ora.

y Parts in Mans Body cafily reparable,(2s Spzrits, Bloud,and Fle/h,)
diein the mbracemene of the Parts hardly reparablc,(as Bones, Nernes,
and Membranes ;) And lixewife fome Entrails (which they reckon a-
moneltthe Spermatical Parts) archard torepaire : Though thar Diui-
| fionof Spermaticall, and Menjtruall Parts, be butaConceit, And this
| fame Obferwation_alfo may be drawne to the prefent purpofe of Nou-
rifhing Emaciared Bodies : And therefore Gentle Frication draweth
} forth the Nourifhment, by making the Parts alittle hungry, and hea-
} ting them; whereby they call forth Nourifhment the better, This Fré-
sation 1 wifhto be doncin the Morning, It is alfo beft doneby the
,orapecce of Scarlet wooll, wet alittle with Oileof Almonds, ming-
|led.with afinall Quantity of Bay-falt, or Saffron, We {ee that the very

utrying of Horfes doth make them far, and in good liking,

————
.

The Fifth Meanes is, to further the yery Ad of Afimilation of Now- 59
rifbment which is done by {ome outward Emollients,that make the Parts
more apt on ate For which I haue compounded an Osmtment of
Excellent Odour, which I call Roman Ointment,vide the Receit, Thevfe
bof itwould be beewcence Sleepes 5 For in the latter Sleepe the Parts Af
fimilate chiefly.
O34 De 22
é» There be many Medicines, which by themfelues would doe no Cure, | Experiment
‘but perhaps Hurt; but being applyed in a certaine Order,one after ano- pera h the
| ther,doe great Cures; I haue tried (my felfe) a Remedy for the Gowt,) medicinale.
j which hath feldome failed, but driucn it away in 24. Houres {pace: It} 60

| 4s firft to apply aPultaffe; Of which vide the Recei¢; And then a Bath or
Fomentation, of which vide the Receit; And then a Plaiffer, videthe Re-
| seit. The Pultaffe relaxeth the Pores,and maketh the Humourapt to Ex-
hale, The Fomentation calleth forth the Humour by Vapours'; But yet
in regard of the way made by the Pwlta//e, Draweth gently ;And ther-
fore draweth the Humour out; and doth not draw more to it; For it
tlisa D is

TT TT
4

20 . Natural Hiftory :

is a Gentle Fomen:ation, and hath withall a Mixture, (though very little)
lof fome Stupefactine. The Plaifter is a Moderate Affringent Plaifter,
\whichrepelleth New Humour from falling. The Pwltafe alone would

make the Part more foft, and weake ; And apter to take the Defluxion

and Impreffion of the Humour, The Fomentation alone, if it were too
. weake, without way made by the Paltafe,would draw forth little; Iftoo
ftrong, it would draw to the Part, as well as draw from it. The Plaster
alone, would pen the Humour already contained inthe Part, and fo)
exafperate it,as wellas forbid new Humour. Therefore they muft be all)
taken in Order, as is faid, The Pultaffe is to be laid tofor two or three)
Houres : The Fomentatzon for a Quarter of an Houre, or fomewhat bet-
ter, being vfed hot, and fenen or eight times repeated: The Plaiffer to,
continue on ftill, rill the Part be well confirmed. sav iV Th bere.

fi MG |
Experiment There isa fecret Way of Cure, (vnpractized ; ) By Affuetude of that
Solirarytou- | which in it felfe hurteth, Peyfons hauc beene made, byfome, Familiar, |
Guten, as hathbeene {aid. Ordinary keepers of the Sicke of the Plague, are fel-
6; dome infeted. Enduring of Tortare, by Cuffome, hath been made more!
eafie : The Brooking of Enormous Quantity of Meats, and fo of Wine or
Strong Drinke, hath beene, by Cujtome, made'to' be without Surfer} or.
Dioiehuve/e And generally Défea/es that are Chronicall, as Comphes,
Phthifickes, {ome kindes of Palfeyes, Lumacies, &c, are moft dangerous |
atthe firft: Thereforea wife Phy/itian will confider whether'a Difeafer
be Incurable; Or whether the Iuft‘Cure of it be not fullof perill; And)
if he finde itto bee fuch, ler him refore to Pallsation ; And alleviate
the Symptome , without bufying himfelfe too much with the perfec
Care: And many times, (if the Patient be indeed patient,) that Courfe
will exceed all Expectation, Likewile the Patéent himfelfe may ftritie,by,
little and little,to Ouercome the Syasptome,in the Exacerbation,and fo,
by time, turne Suffering into Nature, is ;

Experiment |’, Diners Di/ea/es,efpecially Chronicall,(fuch as Quartan Agues;)ate fom
‘nes AN iy times cured by Surfet,and Exeeffes 5 As Exce/fe of Meat,Exce/Je of Drinke
Exceffe. Extraordinary Fafling,Extraordinary Stirring, or Lafitude,& the like. The,
62 Caute is,for that Difea/es of Cotinuance get an Adéntitious Strength fro

Cuftome, befides their Materiall Caufe from the Humeurs: So that the
Breaking of the Castome doth !caue them only to their firht Caa/e 5 which
if it be any thing weake will fall off. Befides fuch Excefésdoe Excite and
Spur Natare, which thereupon rifeth more forcibly againft the Di/eafei

i : yunw

oe There is in the Body of Mana great Con/ent in the Motion of the fe-
chingcure by | Uerall Parts, We fee, it is Childrens {port, to prove whether they*eah
| motion of Con rub vpon their Breft with one hand, and pat vpon their Pore-head with
Sent. | another; And ftraight-waies, they (hall fometimesrubbewithBoth
63 Hands, or pat withbothhands, We fee, that when re iin 2

| come to the Nofthrills, expell a bad Sent, the Stomach is teady

pell.

(Century. I,

pellby Vomit, VVe finde that in Con/amptions of the Lungs, when Na-
mire cannot expell by Cougs, Men fall into Fluxes of the Belly, and then
they dye, So in Peftilent Difesfes, if they cannot be expelled by Sweat,
they fall likewife into Loo/eme/fe, and that is commonly Mortall, Ther-
fore Phy/itians fhould ingenioufly contriue, how by Motions that are in
their Pewer, they may excite /sward Motions that are not intheir Power,
by Confent : As by the Stench of Feathers, or the like, they curethe Rifing
of the Wosher. ‘

Hippocrates Aphorifme, In Morbisminas, isa good profound Apho-
rifme, [tim porteth, that Défeafes,contrary to the Complexion, Age, Sexe,
Sesfon of the yeare, Diet, &c, are more dangerous; than thofe that are
Coneurrenc. A Man would thinke it fhould be otherwife; For thar,

when the Accident of Sickneffe,and the Neturall Difpofition, doe fecond

theone the other, the Diese fhould be more forcible: And fo (no
. ame itis; if you fuppofe like Quawtity of Matter. But chat, which
ima

eth good the Aphers[me, is; Becauife uch Difeafes doc thew a-gtea~

ter Collection of Matter, by that they are able to ouercoie thofe Waterall

| Inclinations to the Contrary. And therefore in Ds/éeafes of that! kinde,

| let the Phyfitian apply himfelfe more to Purgation,than to Alteration;Be-
caufe the Offence is in the Quantity ; and the Quslities are reified of
themfelucs. Sate ce"

Phyfitians do wifcly prefcribe, that there be Preparasives vfed before
mx murgasions ; For certaincitis, that Purgers doc many times great
Hurt, if the Body be not accommodated, both before, and after the
Pareing. The Hurt that they doe, for want of Preparation before Pur-
ging,is by the Sticking of the Humours, and their notcomming faire
away; Which caufeth in the Body great Perturbations, and ‘ill Acci-
dents, during the Purging; And alfo, the diminifhing, and dulling
of the Working of the Medécine it felfe, thar it purgeth not fufficiently,
Theiefore the worke of Preparation is double; To make the Hawionrs
fiuide; and mature; And to make the Pafages more open: For both
| thofe helpe to make the Humours paffe readily. And for the former of

thefe, Sirrups are moft profitable; And for the Latter, Apozumes, OF
Preparing Broaths; Ciifters alfo helpe, left the Medicine {top in the Guts,
and worke gripingly.But it is true,that Bodies abounding with Humours ;
And fat Bodies; And Open weather ; are Preparatines in themfelues ; be-
caufe they make the Humours more fluide, But let a Phy fitian beware ,
how he purgeafter hard Froftie Weather, and in a Leane Body, without
Preparation, For the Hurt, that they may doe after Purging ; Ipis cau-
fed by the Lodging of fome Hamoursin il Places : For itis certaine, that
there be Hours, which fomewhere placed in the Body, are quiet, and
doe little hurt; In other Places, (efpecially Paflages,) doe much mif-
chicte, Therefore it is good, after Purging, to viz Apox ames, and Broths,
not fo much Opening as thofe vfed before Purging, but Abfferfive and
: D 2 Muadifying

' t
{ .

2I

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching cwre of
Difeafeswhich
are contrary 1
Predi{pofition.

64

Experiment
Solitaty. cou.
ching Prepara-
tions before
Purging, and
fetling of the
Body afterward.

65

22 Natural Fisftory :

Mandsfying Cliflers alfo are good to conclude with, to draw away the
Reliques of the Humours, that may haue defcended tothe Lower Re-
gion of the Body.

Béperiment Blowd is ftanched diuers waies. Firft by 4/fringents, and Reperca/-
Solitarytou- | five Medicines. Secondly by Drawing of the Spirits and Bloud inwards ;
bee which is done by Cold ; As Jron, or a Stone laid tothe neck doth ftanch
66 the Bleeding at the Nofe; Alfo ithath beene tryed, chat the Ze/sles,
being putinto fharp Vineger, hath madea fuddaine Receffe of the Spi-
rits, and ftanched Bloud. Thirdly by the Recefe of the Blowd by
Sympathy. So it hath beene tried, thatthe part that bleedeth, be-
ing thruft into the Body of a Capon, or Sheepe, new riptand bleed-
ing,hath ftanched Bload ; The Blowd, as it feemeth, fucking and drawing
vp, by fimilitude of fubftance, the Blowd it meeteth with, and fo it felte
going backe. Fourthly by Cuftome and Time ; So the Prince of 4s-
range, in his firft hurt,by the Spanijh Bey,could finde no meanes to ftanch
the Blowd, either by Medéczme 01 Ligament;but was fainc to haue the Ori-
fice of the Wound {topped by Mens Thumbes, {ucceeding one another,
for the {pace at leaft of two Dayes ; And at the laft shebloudby Cw-
ome oncly retired, There is a fitth Way alfoin vie, to let Blowd in an

Aduer/é Part,for a Revelfion,

_ Ichelpeth, both in Medicine, and Aliment, to Change’andnot to
licary touching | Continuc the fame Medicine & Aliment ftill, 7 he Caufe is,for thar Nature}
change f 44- | by continuall Vfe of any Thing, groweth toa Sacietie, and Dulneffe, ci- |
dicines. ” | ther of petite, or Working, And we fee that Affwetade of Things Hwrt-
67 fall doth make them lecfe their force to Hurt 5 As Pey/on, which with

vfefome haue brought themfelues to brooke, And therefore it is no
maruaile,though Things belpfull,by Cuftome, lecfe their force to Helpe, I
count Jatermi/fton almoft the fame thing with Change ; For that, that
hath beene intermitted, is after a fort new.

: It is found by Experience, that in Diets of Guaiacum, Sarza, and the
Experiment | Hike ( efpecially if they be firiét,) the Patient is more troubled in the be-
chingDies. | ginning, then after continuance ; Which hath made fome of the more

68 delicate Sort of patients, giue them ouer in the middeft ; Suppofing

that ifthofé Diets trouble them fo much atfirft, they fhall not be able
toendure them to the End, But the Caufe is,for that all thofe Diets,doe
drie vp Humours, Rbewmes, and the like; And they cannot Drie vp vntil
they have firft attenuated ; And while the Hamour is attenuated, it is
more Fluid, then itwas before, and troubleth the Body a great deale
more, vatill it be dried vp, and confumed, And therefore Patients muft
exped a duetime, and not checke at them at the firft,

pone The Producing of Coldis a thing very worthy the Inqui-
touching te fition ; both for Vie, and Difclofure of Caufes. For Heatand

old. Cold

(Century hk é 23
Cold are Natures wo Hands, whereby fhechieAy worketh :

And Heat we hauein readinefle, in refpectof the Fires Bur

for Cold we mutt ftaie till ic commeth ; or feeeke it in decpe
Caues, or high Mountaines:And whenaltis done, wecannot
obraineitin any great degree ; For Furnaces-of Fire are tarre
hotter, then a Sommers Sunne ; But Vanlts, or Hills’are not

much Colder thena Winters Frofh bey

The firt Afeanes of Producing Cold, is that which Natwre prefenteth 69
vs withall ; Namely the Expiring of Cold out of the Inward Parts of the
Earth in Winter, when the Sun hathno power to ouercomeit ; the Earth
being (ashath beene noted by fome) Primam Frigidum. This hath beene
afferted, as well by Auncient as by Moderne Philofophers: It was the Te-
net of Parmenides, It was the opinion of the 4athasr of the difcourle in
Plutarch (for I take it that booke was not Plutarches owne) De primo Eri-

ido, Ie was the opinion of Telefiws, who hath renewed the Phélofopby of
Parmenides, andisthe beft ofthe Nowelli/?s,

The Second Cas/e of Cold is the Contact of Cold Bodies ; For Coldis
A@tiue and Tranfitineinto Bodies Adiacent, as wellas Heat ; which is
{éene in thofe things that are touched with Sow or Cold water. And there-
fore, whofocuer will be an Zequirer into Natwre, let him refort to a Con-
feruatory of Snow and Ice; Such as they v/¢ for delicacy, to coole Wine in
Summer : Which 1s a Poore and Contemprible vie, in refpect of other |.
vies, that may bee made of {uch Com/ernatories, mK'O:
~The Third Cawfeis the Primary Nature of all Tangible bodies: For it is vt
well to be noted,ehar all Things whatlocuer ( Tangible) are of themfelues
Celd; Exeept they hauean Acceflory Heat by fre , Life ; ar Motion :
Foreuenthe Spsrit of Wine, ot Chymsrcal Oyles, which are fo hot in Ope-
ration, are to the firft Touch Cold; And Aire it felfe compreffed,and Con-
denfed a little by blowing, is Cold. ,

The Bourth Caw/eisthe Denfity of the Body ; Forall Denfe Bodiesare| 72
Colder then moftother Bodies; As Mettalls; Stone, Glaffe; And they are lon-
get in Heating than Softer Bodies. And it is certaine, that Earth, Dene,
| Zanpible, hold all of the Nature ot Cold. The Caufe is, for that all

Matters Tangible being Cold, it muft needs follow, that where the Matter
ismoft Congregate, the Cold is the greater.
The Fifth Cau/e of Cold, or rather of increafe and vehemence of] 73
Cald,is a Quicke Spirit inclofedin a Cold Body : As will appeare to any that
| fhall attentively confider of Natwre in many Inftances. Wee fee Nitre
| (which hath a Quicke Spirit) 1s Cold ; more Cold to the Tongue, then
a Stone; So Wateris Colder then Oile, becaufe ithath a Quicker Spirit; For
all O#le, though ithath the Tangible Pares better digefted then Wazer,yet
hath ita duller Spirit:So Snow is Colder then Water, becaufe it hath more
| Spirst within it : So we fee that Salt put to Jce (asin the producing of the
| ArtificrallIec) increafeth the aéfiwity ofCold: So fome Infecta which haue

Spirit tam

a nS

75

Experiments

in Céfort tou! «

Neaturall Fiiflory:

Spirit of Life, as Snakes, and Sikwormes, are, to the touch, Cold, So

Quick-filaer is the Coldeft of Mettals,becaufe itis fulle/? of Spirit.

The Sixth Cau/e of Cold is the Chafing and Drining away of Spirits, fach
as hanc fome Degree of Heat : For the Banifhing of the Heat muft needs
leaue any Body Cold#This we fee in the Operation of Opiwm, and Stupe-

| fafines, vpon the Spirits of liuing Creatures: And it were not amiffe

to trie Opium, by laying itvpon the Top ofa Weather-glaffe, to fee whe-
ther it will contrat the Aire : But I doubt it willnot fucceed: For be-
fidesthat the vertue of Opiwzz will hardly penetrate thorow fuch a Bo-
dy as Glaffe, I conceiue that Opiwm,and the like, make the Spirits fly ra-
ther by Atalignity, then by Cold,

Scuenthly, the fame Efe muft follow vpon the Exbaling or Draw-
ing out of the warme Spirits, that doth ypon the Flight of the Spirits,
There is an Opinion, that the Mooneis Magneticall of Heat, asthe Sup
is of Cold, and Moifture: It were not amiffe therefore to trie it, with
Warme waters ; The one expofed to the Beames of the Meone ; the other
with fome Skreene betwixt the Beames of the Afeone and the water ; As
we vieto the Sane for Shade; And to fee whether the former will coole
fooner. And it were alfo good to inquire,what other Meanes there may
be, to draw forth the Exsle heat, which is in the Aire 5 tor that may be a
Secret of great Power to Produce Cold weather,

We haue formerly fet downe the Meanes of turning Aire,

ching the Vr. 2t0 ‘water, in the Experiment 27. But becaufeit is Magnales

feonand Tranf-
mutation of Aire

wiko yrater.

76

77

| Nature ; Andtendeth to the fubduing of a very great effect ;
And is alfo of Manifold vic ; we will addefome Inffances in
\Conjort that giue light thereunto.

It is reported by fome of the Ancients, that Sailers haue vfed, euery
Night,to hang Fleeces of wooll on the fides of their Ships, the Wool to-
wards the water; And that they hauecrufhed frefh Water qut of them,
in the Morning, for their vfe, And thus. much we haue tried, that a
Quantitie of Wooll tied loofe together, being let downe into adeepe
Well; And hanging in the Middle, fome three Fathome from the wa-
ter, for a night, in the Winter time ; increafed in weight, (as I now re-
member) to a fifth Part. '

It is reported by one of the Ancients, that in Lydia, neare Pergamus,
there were certaine Worke-men, in time of Warres, fled into Canes; And
the Mouth of the Cawes being {topped by the Enemies, they were fami-
fhed. But long time after the dead Bones were found ; And fome Vel-
fels which they had carried with them ; And the veffels full of Water ;
And that Water, thicker,and more towards Ice, than Common Water :
which is a Notable Inftance of Cenden/ation, and Induration, by Bariall
under Earth, (in Caues,) for long time; And of verfion alfo (as it fhould
feeme,) of dire into Water 3 if any of thofe veflels were Emptie. Trie
therefore a finall Bladder hung in Swow; And the like in Witre; And nai

e

(Century. I,

like in OQ wick-filwer : And ifyou finde the Bladders fallen, or fhrunke;you
may be ture the Asreis condenfed by the Cald of thofe Bodies; Asit
would be in a Cane ynder Earth, .

It is reported of very good credit, that in the Ea/? Indies, ifyou fera
Tub of water ope, in a Roome where Clowes are kept, it will be drawne
dry in 24. houres; Though it ftand at fome diftance from the Clowes,
Inthe Countrey, they vic many times, in deceit, when their weell is
new fhortie, to {et forme Pailes of water by, in the fame Roome; to in-

| creafe the weight of che sveoll: But it may be, that the Heat of the wool;

remaining fromi the «es the Sheepe ; or the Heat gathered by the
lying clofe of the wool! ME lpeth to draw the watry Vapour; But that is

nothing ro the Férfion,

Iris Reponedale eredibly, that rool! new fhorne, being laid cafu-
ally vpon a Veffell of Veriuyce, after fome time, had drunke vp a great
part of the Veriuyce, though the Veflcll were whole withotit any Flay,
and had not the Bung-hole open. In this Z#/fance, there is (vpon the by)
to benoted, the Percolation, or Suing of the Periuyce through the wood ;
For Feriuyce of it {e!fe would neuer hau pafled thorow the wood: So as,
it ene it mult be firft in akinde of Vapour, before it paffe,

Iris tfpécially to be noted, that the Caufe, that doth facilitate the
Verfion of Aire into water, when the Airé is not in groffe, but fubtilly
mitigled with Tangible Bodies, is, (as hath beene partly touched before,)
fort ble Bodies haue an Antipathy with dre; And if they finde
any Liquid Body, that is more denfe, neate them, they will draw it: And

hatie drawneit, they will condenfe it more, and in effe in-

22 4
of pone

| Rime frofts) you fhall fiade drops of Dew vpon
: rs Ae

25

78

79

80

St

26

82

Experiments
in Confort,
touching Indu-
ration of Eodies.

NCaturall Hiftory =

the Infide of Glaffe-windowes; And the Froff it felfe vpon the ground

is but a Verfiow or Conden[ation, of the Moift vapours of the Night, into
awatry fubftance: Dewes likewife, and Raine, are but the Returnes of
Moift vapours Condenfed ; The Dew, by the Cold onely of the Sunnes

departure, which is the gentler Cold, Raiues, by theCold of that, which

they call the Middle Région of the Aire; which is the more violent
Cold.

It is very probable (as hath beene touched) that that, which will

turne Water into Jee, willlikewife turne 4ire Some Degree nearer ynto
water. Therefore trie the Experiment of the eli Turning water into
Ice (whercof we fhall {peake in another place¥with Aire in place of wa-
ter, and the Jee aboutit, And although it be a greater Alteration to

turne Aire into water,than water into Ice : yet there is this Hope,that by
Continuing the Aire longer time, the effect will follow ; For chat Arti-
ficiall Conwer fion of water into Ice, isthe worke of afew Houres; And
this of Aire may be tried by.a Monethis {pace, or the like.

Induration, or Lapidification, of Subftances more Soft, is
likewife another degree of Condenfation ; And isa great Altera-
tion in Nature. The Effe@ting and Accelerating thereof is very
worthy to beinquired. Itis effected by three Meanes. The
firftis by Cold ; whofe Property is to Condenfe,and conftipate,)
as hath beene faid. The Second is by Heat ; which is not pro-
per, but by confequence ; For the Heat doth attenuate; And
by Attenuation doth fend forth the Spirit and moifter Part
of a Body; And vpon that, the more groffe of the Tangible
Parts doe contract and ferre themfelues together ; Bothto A-
uoid Vacuum (as they callit;) And alfoto Munitethemfelues
again{t the Force of the Fire, which they hauefuffered. And
the Third is by Aftimilation ; when a Hard Body Affimilareth
a Soft, being contiguous to it. Sh hea

The Examples of Induration, taking them promifcuoully,

‘are many: As the Generation of Stones within the» Earth,

which at the firft are but Rude Earth, or Clay: And {fo of Mi-
neralls, which come (ne doubt) at firft, of luyces Conerete,
which afterward indurate: And fo of Porcellane, which is an|
Artificiall Cement, buried in the Earth along time: And fo the,
Making of Bricke, and Tile :“Alfo the Making of Glaffe, of a
certaine Sand, and Brake-Roots, and fome other Matters: Al-
fothe Exudations of Rock-Diamonds,and Cryftall, which ne
’ eo den,

(entury. k

den with fine: Alfo the Isduyation of Bead-Amber, which'at
Gicit isa fofc Subftance;As appeareth by the Flies, and Spiders,
which arefound init; And many more:But wee will {peake

of them diftincly.

For Iadarations by Cold, there bee few Trialls of it ; For wee haue
no ftrong orintenfe Cold hereon the Surface of the Earth, {> neare the
Beames ofthe Sunne, and the Heauens. The likelieft Triall is by Snow,
and Jce;For as Sow and sce, efpeciaily being holpen, and their Cold adti-
uated by Nitre, or Salt, will curne Pater into Jee, and chat in a few houres;
Soit may be, it will turne wood, or Stiffe Clay, into Stone, in longer time.
Pur therefore, into a Conferwing Pit of Swow,and Je, (adding fome quan-
tityof Salt, and Nitre, ) a Peece of Wood, or a Peece of Tough Clay, and let
it lyea Moneth, or more.

Another Triallis by a¢etalline waters, which haue virtuall Ce/d in
chem, Put therefore Woed,or Clay, into Smiths water, ot other Metalline
water ; And try whether it will not harden in fome reafonable time. But
Iwnderftand’it, of Metallive waters, thatcome by Walhing, or Quen-
oe oe notof Sirens Waters that come by dilfolution ; for they are
too {

Ir is already found, that there ate fome Natwrall Spring-wasers, that

Inquiry made ofthem. Itis certaine, that an Egge was found, hauing li-
en many yeeres in the bottome of a Moate, where the Earth had fome-
what ouergrowenict ; And this Egge was comen tothe Hardneffe of a
Stese ; Andhad the Colours of the white and yolke perfec : And the
Shell thiningin {mall graines like Sugar, or Alablafter.

Another Experience there is of induration by Cold, which is 86
already founds which is, thatMertalls, themfelues are hardned by often
Heating and Quenching in Cold pater : For Coldeuer worketh moft po-
reritty vpon Heat precedent.

For Indaration by Heat it muftbe confidered, that Heat,by the Exha- 87

ling of the Moifter Parts, doth either harden the Body ; As im Bricks,
Tiles, &c; Or if the Heat be more fierce, maketh the groffer part it felfe,
Runne and Mele; Asin the making of ordinary Glafe ; And in the 7rs-
fcation of Earth, ( Aswee fee in the Inner Parts of Faraaces; ) And inthe
Vitri fication of Brick ; And of Mettal’s, And inthe former of thefe, which
isthe Hardening by baking,without Melting,the eat hath thefe degrees;
Firft it /ndurateth , and then maketh Fragile ; And laftly it doth Jncine-
rate and Calcinate.

Butifyou defire to make an Jnduration with Toughneffe, and Ieffe} 99
Fragility ; A middle way would be taken ; Which is that which 4ri/fotle
hath wellnoted;But would be throughly verified Itis,to decott Bodies in
E

water,

23

ee

89

Experiment
} Solitary tou-
. | ching the Ver-
fon of water into
dire.

gt

| were good to makea Triall of purpofe, by taking C/ay, and putting in it

| Natural. Hiftory:

water, fox. two or three dayes ; But they muft bee fuch Bodies, into
which the Waser will not enter 5, As Stone, and Metall. Foritthey be Bo-
dies into which the 17ater wil enter;then lorig Seething,will rather Soften |
than induracé them. ‘As hath beene tried,in Eggs &c. Therefore, Softer
Bodies mult be put into Bottles ; And the Bottles hung into Water &e- |
thing, with che mouthsiopen, aboueth¢ Water; .thatno Water may get |
ins For-bychisMeanes,the virtuall /eat of the Water will enter ; And.
{uch a Heat, as, will notmake the Body aduft, or fragile ; Bur the Sub«
{tance of the Water will be fhut out. This Experiment weemade; Andit
forted thus, It wastried with a Peece of Free-/lone, and with Pewter, put
into the Water atlarge, The Free-flone we tound receiued in fome water ;
For it was fofter, and.calier.to.{crape, thenapeece of the fame Stove
kept drie . But the Pewter into which no water,could enter; became more
white, and liker to Siluer, and leffe flexible, by.much, There were alfo
put iatojan Earthen'Bortle, placedas before, agood Pellet of Clay, a
Peece of Chee/e,a Peece of Chatke,anda Peece of Free-(tome, The Clay came
forth almoftof the Hardnefle of Stove ; The Chee/e likewife very hard,
and not wellto be cut.: The Chalke and the ree-/lome much harderthan
they were. The colour of the Clay, inclined. nota whit to the Colour of
Bricke, but rather to white, asin ordinary Drying by the Sunne. Note,
that all che former Trialls were made by a Boyling vponagood hot Fire,
renewing the water.as.itconfumed, with other bot water ; But the Boy-
ling was but for twelue houres only ; Andicis like that the Experiment
would haue beene more effectual, ifthe Boyling had beene for two or
three daies, as we pre{cribed before, :

Astouching A/ffiamilation, (for there isa degree of Afamilation euen
in Inanimate bodies, ). wee fee Examples of it in fome Stones in Clay-
Grownas,lying neare to the top of theEarth,where Pebble s;In which you
may manifeftly fee diuers Pebbles gathered together, and aCruft of Ce-
| ment or Stone betweene them, as hard as the Pebblesthemfelues : And it

diners Pebble- Stones, thicke fet, to fee whether in continuance of time,
it will not be harder then other C/ay of the fame lump, in which no Peb-
bles are fet. Wee {ee alfo in Ruines of old Walls, efpecially towards the
| bottome, the Aorter will becomeas.hard as'the Brick; weefee alfo,that.
the Weed on the fides of Ve(els of Wine, gathereth a Cruft of Tartar, har-
der then the weed it felfe ; And Scales likewife grow to the Zeeth, harder
| then the Teeth themfelues,

|. Moft ofall, Jsduration by Afsimilatios appeareth in the Bodies o
Trees and Lining Creatures: For no Nourifhment that the Tree receiueth,
or that the Liwing Creatare receiueth, is {o hard as Wood, Bone,or Horne, oye.
butis eda after by 4fimilation, baal ji

The Eye of the vnderftanding, is like the Eye of the Senke : Foras
you may fee great Obiects through {mall Crannies, or Leuells ; Soyou
may,

a

(Century, I.

{cattereth and breaketh vp fuddenly, Butthe like Clomd, if it were Oyly,
or Fatty, willnot difcharge ; Not becaufe it flicketh fafter; But becaufe
Aire preyeth vpon Water And Flame, and Fére,vpon Ogle; And there-
fore, to take oura Spot of Greafe, they vi¢ a Coalevpon browne Papers
becaule Fire worketh ypon Greafe, or Oyle, as Airedoth vpon Water.
And we fee Paper oyled, ot Wood eyled, or the like, laft long moift,but Wer
with Water, drie, or putrifie fooner, The Caufe is, forthat sre med-
dleth little with the Meifure of Oyle,

There is an Admirable demonftration, in the fame trifling Ynflance
of the hitsle Cloud vpon Gla//e,or Gemmes,or Blades of Swords, of the Force
of Vion, cuen in the leaft Quantities, and weakeft Bodies,how much it
Conduceth to Preferuation of the prefent Forme ; And the Refifting of
a New. For marke well the difcharge of that Clesd; And you {hall
fee it eucr breake vp, firft in the Skirts, and laftin the middeft, We fee
likewife, that much Waser draweth forth the Iuyce of the Body Infufed ;
Bur little water, is imbibed by the Body:And this is a Principall Caufe,
why in Operation vpon Badies, for their Verfiew or Alteration, the Triall
in great Quantities, doth not anfwer the Triall in fmall; And fodecei-
ueth many ; For that (I fay) the greater Body, refifteth more any Alte-
cation of Forme,and requireth farre greater Strength in the AGtiue Bo-
dy, that fhould fubdue ic,

We hauc fpoken before, in the fifth Jnflamce, of the Caufe of Orsent
Colesrs, in Birds ; which is by the Finenefle of the Strainer, we will now
cndeuour to reduce ehe fame Axiome toa Worke. For this Writing of
our S7laa Sylwarum, is (to {peake properly) not Natarall Hiftory, but a
highkinde of Naswral Magicke. For it is not a Defcription only of Na-
wre, buta Breaking of Natutc, into great and firange Workes, Trie
therefore, the Anointing ouer of Pig¢oms, or other Birds, when they
are butin their downe; Or of Whelps, cutting their Haire as fort as
may bes Or of fome other Beaft ; with fome oyntment, that is not hurt-
fullto the Flefh; And that will harden,and fticke very clofe; And fee
whether it will not alter the Colours of the Feathers, or Haire, Ic is re-
ceiued, that the Pulling off, the firkt Feathers of Birds, cleanc, will make
thenew come forth white: And itis certaine, that White is a penurious
Colour,;& where Moifture is fcant, So Blew Violets, & other Flowers, if
they be ftarued, turne Pale and white 5 Birds, and Horfes, by Age, or
Scarres, turne white: And the Hoare Haires of Men, come by the fame
reafon, And therefore in Birds, it is very likely, thag.the Feathers that

; E 2 come

29

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Ferce
of Vnion.

ot

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Pre-
ducing of Fea-
thers and Haires
of divers Colowrs.

93

ia

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Nos-
vifbment of Li-
Ming Creatures
before they be
broughs forth.

94

Experiments
in Céfort tou-
ching Sympa-
thy and Anti-
pathy for Medi-
cinak ufé.

95

96

|pathy sel Antipathy,im shepreper Place, The

Naturall Hiftory:

come firft, will be many times of diuers Colours, according to the Na-
ture of the Bird; For thatthe Skin is more porous; But when the Skin
is more fhut, and clofe, the Feathers will come Wwite, This is a good
Experiment, not only for the Producing of Birds, and Bea/fs of fttange
Colours; butalfo, forthe Difclofure of the Nature of Colours them-
felues ; which of them require a finer Porofitic, and which a groffer.

It is a worke of Prouidence,that hath beene truly obferued by fome;
That the Yolke of the Zege,conduceth little to the Genegation of the Bird;
But onely to the Nourifbment of the fame: For ifa Chicken be opened,
when itis new hatched ; you thall finde much of the Yolke remaining.

| And it is needfull, that Birds, that are fhaped without the Females

Wombe ; haue in the Egge, as well Matter of Nourifhment, as Matter
of generation for the Body, For after the Egge is laid,and ieuered from
the Body of the Hes ; Irhathno more Nourithment from the Hen ; But
onely a quickening Heat when fhee fitteth, But Beafts, and Men need
not the matter of Nourifhment within themfelues; Becaufe they are
fhaped within the Wombe of the Female,and are Nourifhed continu-
ally from her Body.

Itis an Inueterate and receiued Opinion, that Cantharides applyed
to any Part of the Body, touch the B/adder,and exulceratc ir, if they ftay
on long. It is likewife Receiued,that a kinde of Stene,which they bring
out of the Weft Indies, hath a peculiar force tomoue Grauell, and to
diffolue the Stone; In fo much, as laid but to the wreft, it hath fo forci-
bly fent downe Grauell,as Men haue beene glad to remoueir; It was fo
violent,

It is receiued and confirmed by daily Experience, that the Seales of
the Feet haue great Affinity with the Head, and the Meuth of the Sto-
mach: Aswe (ce, Going wet- (hod, to thofe that vie it not,affecteth both:
Applications of hot Powders to the Feet attenuate firft,and after drie the
Rbewme: And therefore a Phy/itian, that would be Myfticall, prefcri-
beth, for the Cure of the Rhewme, thata Man fhould walke Continual-
ly vpon a Camomill Alley; Meaning, that he fhould put Camomill within
his Sockes, Likewife Pigeons bleeding, avplyed to the Soales of the Feet,
eafethe Head: And Soporiferons Medicines applied yntothem, prouoke
Sleeper,

i feemeth, thatas the Feet haue a Sympathy withthe Head; So the
Wrefts and Hands,haue a Sympathy with the Heart; We fec the Affects
and Paffions of the Heart, and Spérits,are notably difclofed by the Pul/é :
And itis often tried, that Iuyces of Stock-Gily-Flowers, Rofe-Campian,
Garlicke, and other things ; applied to the Wrefts, and renewed ; haue
cured long 4gwes.And I conceiue,that wafhing with certaine Liquours,
the Palmes of the Hands, doth much good: And they doe well in Heats
of Agwes, to bold in the Hands, Egges of Alablafter, and Balls of Cryftall.

Of shefe things we [ball peake more, when we bandle the Title of Sym-

—

Century. T.

The Knowledge of man (hitherto) bath beene determined by the
View, or Sight; So that whatfocuer is Inuifible, either in refpect of the
Finese(fe of the Body wt {elfe; Or the Smallne(fe of the Parts; Or of the Sub-
siksy of the dfosion ; is lictle inquired, And yct thefebethe Things that

* | Gouerne Nature principally ; And without which, you cannot make a-
ny true Analy/is and Indicauon of the Proceedings of Nature? The Spi-
ratsor Pmewmsaticals, that are in all Tangible Bodies, arc {carce knowne.
Sometimes they take them for Vacuum;wheras they are the moft A@iue
of Bodies. Sometimes they take them for 4sre; From which they dif-
fer exceedingly, as muchas Wine from Water; And as Wood trom
Earth. Sometimes they will haue them to be Natural. Heat, or a Portion
of the Element of Fire ;VVheras fome of them are crude, and cold, And
fometimes they will haue them to bethe Vertwes.and Qualities of the
Tangible Parts, which they fee ; whereas they are Things by themfelues,
And thea, when they come to Plants and liuing Creatures, they call
them Seales, And fuch Superficiall Speculations they haue; Like Pro-
{pectiues, that (hew things inward, whenthey are but Paintings, Nei-
ther is this a Queftionof Words , but infinitely material] in Nature.
For Spirits are nothing el{e but a Natwrall Body, ratified to a Proporti-
on, & included in the Tangible Parts of Bodies,asin an Integument. And
they be noleffe differing one from the other, than the Denfe or Tangible
Parts: And they are in all Tangible Bodies whatfocuer,more or lefle: And
they are neuer (aloft) at reft: And from them, and their Motions, prin-
cipally proceed Arefaétion, Colliquation, Concoction, Maturation, Putrefa-
ion, Viai fication, and molt of the Eftects of Nature »For,as we haue fi-
gured them in our Sapientia Veteruin,in the Fable of Proferpina, you thall
in the Infernal! Regiment heare little Doings of Plate, but moft of Pro-
erpina : For Tangible Partsin Bodies are Stupide things; And the spirits
doe (in effe@) al!. As for the differences of Tasgible Parts in Bodies,the
induftry of the Chymiffs hath giuen fome light, in. difcerning by their
Separations, the Oily, Crude, Pure; lmpure,Bine, groffe Parts of Bedies,and
the like, And the Phy/itians are content to acknowledge, that Herbs,
and Drags haue divers Parts; As that Opin hatha Stupefadtiue Part,
anda Heating Part; The one mouing Sleepe, the other a Sweat fol-
Jowing; And that Rubarb hath Purging Parts,and AftringentParts,&c.
Bot this whole Jnqus/ition is weakly and Negligently handled. And for
the more fubtill ditferences of the Minute Parts,and the Pofture of them
in the Body, (which alfohath great Effe@s) they are notat alltouched:
As forthe Motions of the Minute Parts of Bodies, which doe fo great Ef-
jf2<ts, they hauenotbeene ebferucd at all ; becaufe they are Inutifible,
jand incurre not tothe Eye; but yet they are to be deprehended by Ex-
perience : As Democritus {aid wel!,when they charged him to hold,that
the World was madeof fuch little Moats, as were feene in the Sittine ;
Atomus (faith he) necefetate Rationis (> Experientiaelfe conuincitur . Ato-
mum enim nemo vaquam ‘vidit, And therefore the Tumult in the Parts of
Solide Bodies, when they are compreffed, which is the Caufe ofall
__ Blight

——<—<$<———$————

3 I
Experiment
Solitary cou.
ching the Se-
cret Procefjes of
Nature.

98

Experiment

\
bf |

ST
"| Flight of Bodies thorow the Aire, and of other Mechanical Metions, (as

Natural Hiftory :

hath beene partly touched before, and fhall be throughly handled in
due place,) is not feeneatall, Butneuertheleffe, if you knowit nor, or
enquire it not attentiuely and diligently, you fhall neuer be abletodif.
cerne, and much leffé to produce,a Number of Mechawicall Mo:sons, A-
gaine,as to the Mostens Corporall,within the Enclofures of Bodies where
by the effe&s(which were mentioned before)pafic betweene the Spirits,
and the Tamgible Parts; (which are, Arefaétion, Colliquation, Concoion,
Maturation, 8c.) they arenotatallhandled. But they are put off by the
Nanies of Vertues, and Natwres,and Acfions,and PafStems,and {uch other
Legicall Words.

It is certaine, that of all Powers in Nature, Heat is the chiefe; both in
the Frame of Nature, and in the workes of Art. Certaineit is likewife,
that the Effects of Heat,are moft aduanced, when it worketh ypon a Bo-
dy, without loffe or diffipation of the Matter; for that euer betrayeth
the Account. And therefore it is true, that the power of Heat is beft
percciued in Diftillasions, which are performed in clofe Veffels, and Re-
ceptacles, Butyet thereisa higher Degree; For howfocuer Diftillasi-
ans doe keepe the Body in Cells, and Cloifters without Going abroad;
yet they giue {pace vnto Bodies to turne into Vapour; To returne into
Liquour ; And to Separate one part ffromanother. Soas Nasare doth
Expatiate, alchough it hath norfull Liberty: wherby the true and Vl-
time Operations of Heat are notattained. But if Bedses may be altered
by Heat,and yet no fuch Reciprocation of Rarefaction, and of Condenfa-
tson, and of Separation, admitted ; then itis like that this Protems of Mat-
ter, being held by the Sleeues, will turne and change into many Meta-

hofes. Take therefore a Square Veffell of iron, in forme of a Cube,

and let it haue good thickeand ftrong Sides. Put into it a Cube of
Weed,that may fill it as clofeas may be;And let it haue a Couer of Iron,
as {trong (at Jeaft).as the Sides ; And let it be well Luted,after the man-
ner ofthe Chymiffs, Then place the Fefell within burning Coales, kept
quicke kindled, for fome few houresfpace, Then take the Vefell from
the Fire, and take off che Couer, and fee what is become of the Wood, I
conceiue that fince all J»flamsmation,and Ewaperation arc vtterly probibi-
ted, and the Body fill turned vpon it Selfe, that one of thefe two Effe&s
“ae follow : Either tharthe Bedy of the Wed will be turned into a “e
of A »(as the Chymiffs call it ;) Or that the Finer Part will bee
te a ese fticke as it were baked, and incruftate
vpon the Sides of the ¥efellsbeing become ofa Denfer Matter,than the
Weed it felfe, Crude, And foranother Triall, take alfo Waser, and putit
inthe like Veffell, lopped as before; But vie a gentler Heat, and remoue
theveflell fometimes from the Fire; And againe,after fome{mall time,
whenitis Cold,renue the Heating of it: And repeat this Alseration fome
few times: And if yowcan once bring to paffe, thatthe tvater, whichis
one of the Simpleftof Bodies, be changed in Colour, Odour; ort
after

| Century.” I.

after the manner of Compound Bodies, you may be fure that there isa
great VWVorke wrought in Nature, and a Notable Entrance made into
ftrange Changes of Bodies, and produions : Andalfoa Way made

| : doe that by Fire, in fmall time, which the Sunne and Age do in lone

time, Burof the Admirable Effects of this Di/illation in Clofe, (for fo
we will call it)which is like the Hombes and Matrices of liuing creatures,
where nothing Expireth, nor Scparateth 5 We will {peakc fully, in the
due places Not that we Aime atthe making of Paracelfus Pigmey’s ; Or
any fuch Prodigious Follies ; But that we know the Effects of Heat will
be fach, as will {carce fall ynder the Conceit of Man ; Ifthe force of it
bealtogether kept in.

There is nothing more Certaine in Nature,than that it is impoffible

) any Body, to be vtterly Asmzbilased ; But that, as it was the worke of

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Im-
poffibility of An-
nibilation.

100

the Omnipotency of God,to make Somewhat of Nothing ; So it requireth
the like Omnipotency, to turne Somewhat into Nothing, And therefore
it is well faid, by an Obfcure Writer of the Seé of the Chymifts; That
there is nofuch way to effest the Strange Tram/mutations of Bodies,as to
endeuour and vrge by all meanes,the Reducing of them to Nothing.And
herein is contained alfo a great Secret of Preferuation of Bodies from
Change; For ifyoucan prohibit, that they neither turne into Aire, be-
caufeno 4ire commeth to them ; Nor goe into the Bodies Adiacent,be-
caufe they are vtterly Heterogeneall; Nor make a Rowsd and Circulation
within themfelues ; they will neuer change,though they be in their Na-
tureneuer fo Perifhable, or Mutable, We fee, how Flies, and Spiders,
and the like, get a Sepulcher in Amber, more Durable, than the Mous-
ment, and Embalming of the Body of any Xing. And I conceiue the like
will be of Bodies put into Quick-/iluer, But then they muftbe but
thinne; Asaleafe, or a peece of Paper, or Parchment; For if

they hauea greater Craffitude, they will aleer in their

We thall {peake more, when we han-
dle the Title of Conferuation
of Bodies,

NAT V-

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NATVRALL
HISTORIE.

er ee

) V scx Binthe Praéife,hath bin
es well purfued ; And in good Va-
riety; But in the Theory, and efpe-
cially in the Yeelding ot the Cau/és
ofthe Practique,very weakly ; Be-
ing reduced into certaine Myfti-
call Subtilties, ofpo vfe, and not
much Truth. We thall therefore,

All Sounds, are cither Maficall Sounds, which we call Tonés ; WWher-
unto there may be an Harmony ; which Sewnds are ever Equal; As Sing-
ing, the Sounds of Stringed, and Wind-Inftruments, the Ringing of Bells,&c.
Or lms ficall Sounds; whichare euct Vaequall ; Such asarethe Voce 7
_ Speaking, all whifperings, all Voices of Beafts, and Birds, (except they bee
, Singing Birds 5) all Perca/Sons, of Stones, Wood, Parchment, Skins (as in
Drammes; ) andinfinite others, ‘

The Sounds that produce Tones, are euer from fuch Bodies, as are in
their Parts ard Pores Equal, Aswell as the Sownds themfelues are E-
qual; Andfuch are the Percuffions of Metall, asin Bells, Of Glaffe,as in
the Fillipping of a Drinking Glaffe; Of Aire,as in Mens voices whilest they
Sing, in Pipes, Whiffles, Organs, Stringed Inftrawents, 82c, And of Water,
as in the Nightingale-Pipes of Regalls, or Organs, and other sia ;

F whic

Oe tt

_—-

ee

Experiments

in Conforc

touching My.
che,

IOI

Ioz

103

104

TO5

106

| Naturall Hiftors: ,

which the Ancients had,and Wero did fo much efteeme, but are now loft,
And if any Man thinke, that the String of the Bowe, and the String of the
Fiall, are neither of them Equal Boates; And yet produce Tomes; he is
in an errour, For the Sound is not created between the Bowe or Ple-
cram, and the String; But between the String and the Aire; Nomore
then it is between the Finger or Quill,and the String,in other Jnftruments.
So there are (in effe&) but three Percu/Sons that create Tones ; Percuffions
of Averalls, (comprehending Gla/fe, and the like; ) Percu/sions of Aire;
and Percu/sions of Waters .

The Diapa fon or Eightin Mujicke isthe {weetelt Concord ; Infomuch,
asitisin effet an Ynifon ; As we feein Lutes, thatare ftrung in the Bafe
Strings with two ftrings, one an Eight aboue another ; Which make but
as one Sound. And every Eighth Note in Afcent,(as from Eight to Fifteene:
from Féfteene to twenty two,and{o tn infinitum, are but Scales of Dtapafon.
The Cau/e is darke, and hath not beene rendred by any ; Andtherfore
would be better contemplated. Ic feemeth that Aire, ( which is the Sub-

ieét of Sounds ) in Sewads that are not Tomes, ( which are all wmequal,
as hath beene faid ) admitteth much Varictie ; As wee fec inthe Voices o
Lining Creatures; And likewife in the Voices of feuerall Aves ; (forwe are
capable to difcerne feuerall A¢ex by their Yoices;) And in the Coniugation
Letters, whence Articulate Sounds proceed ; Which ofall others are moft
various. But in the Sounds which we call Zones, ( that are euer Equal )
the 4#re isnot able to caftit felfe into any {uch varietie ; Butis forced to
recurreinto one and the fame Pofture or Figure,onely differing in Great-
nefle and Smalnefle. So we fee Figures may be made of lines, Grooked
and Straight, in infinite Varietie, where there is Inequalitie ; But Csreles,
or Sqwares,or Triangles Equilaterall,(which are all Figwres,of Equall lines )
can differ but in Greater, or Leffler. .

Ie isto be noted ( the rather left any Man fhould thinke, that there is
any thing in this Newber of Eight,to create the Diapason), that this Com-
putation of £7ght, is a thing rather receiued, cham any true Computation.
|Foratrue Computation ought euer to bee, by Diftribution into equall
| Portions. Now there be interuenient in the Ré/e of Eight (in Tones ) two
| Beemolls, or Halfe-netes ; Soasif you diuide the Tomes equally, the Eight

is but Seues whole and equall Notes; And if you fabdiuide that into Halfe
Notes, (asitisinthe Stops ofa Late), it maketh the Namber of thirteene.
Yet this istrue; Thatin the ordinary Rifes and Falles of the Posce of

Man, (not meafuring the Tene by whole Notes, and halfe Notes, which
isthe Equall Meafure;) there fall outto be two Beemols (as hath beene
faid ) betweene the ¥wi/ow and the Déapafos : Andthis Warying is natu-
rall.Forifa Man would endeuour to raife or fall his Veiee, ftillby Hal/e-
Notes, likethe Stops of a Late ; or by whole Notes alone, without Halfes;

\ as farre as an Eight ; he will not be able to frame his Yeice vntoit. Which
fheweth, that after euery three whole Noes Nature requireth,for all Har-
monicall v{e, one Aalfe Nete to beinterpofed. >
Itisto be confidered, that whatfoeuer Vertue is in Nwwsbers, for

3 Conducing +.

. Century. II.

Condacing to Concent of Notes, is rather to bee alcribed to the Amre-
Namber, thanto the Entire Namber ; As namely, that the Sound retnr-
neth after Séx, orafter Tivelwe ; Sothatthe Sewenth, orthe Thirteen:h, is
not che Marrer, but the Séxsé, or the Twelfth ; Andthe Sewenth and the
Thirteenth are but the limits and Boundaries of the resprne,
The Concords in Mufick which are Perfect, or Semiperfect, betweene
the Yaifox, and the Diapa/om, are the Fifth, which is the mokt Perfect ; the
' Third next ; Andthe Séxth which ismore harth : Andas the Ancients
' efteemed, and fo doe my felfe and fome Other yet,the Fourth which they
call Déate(Jarow, As for the Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth,and {0 sn iofinitam;
they be but Recurrences of the Former; viz. of the Third, the Fifth, and
the Sixth; being an Eight re{pectiuely from them,

For Difcords, the Secowd, and the Sewenth, are of all others the moft
Odious, in Harmony, to the Senfe; whereof the Oneis next aboue the
Foaifon, the Ocher next vader the Dispa/on : which may thew, that Har-
mony requireth a competent diftance of 2 otes,

In Harmony, if there be nota Dé/cord tothe Ba/e, it doth not difturbe
the Harmony, though there be a Difcord to che-Higher Parts ; Sethe Dif-
cord be not of in tes that are Odious; And therfore the ordinary Con-
cet of Foure Parts confifteth of an Eight, a Fifth, and a Third to the
Bafé> But that Fifth isa Fearth co the Treble, and the Third is a Sixth,
And the Caw/é is, for chat the Ba/e ftriking more Aire, doth ouercome
and drowne the Treble, (vnleflethe Di/eord be very Odious;) And fo
hidetha {mall Imperfection. For we fee, that in one of the ewer Strings
of a Lute, there foundeth, not the Sound of the Treble, nor any Uixe
Sewnd, but oncly the Sownd of the Ba/e,

_Wehaueno Mujficke of Quarter-Notes; And it may be, they are not
of Harmony; For we {ee the Halfe- Notes themfelues doe bur
interpofe fometimes, Neuerthelefle we haue fome Slides, or Relifbes,
of the Voice, or Strings, as it were continued without Votes, from one
Tome co another, rifing or falling, which aredelightfull.

The Caufes of that which is Pleafing, or Jngrateco the Hearing, may
receiue light by that, which is P/ea/ing or Ingrate tothe Sight, There be
two Things Pleafing tothe Sight, (leauing Pictures, and Shapes afide,
which are but Secoadary Obieé&s ; And pleafe or difpleafe butin Me-
mory;) thefe twoare, Coleurs,and Order. The Pleafing of Colowr {yra-
bolizeth with the Plesfiag of any Single Tone tothe Bare; But the Plea-
fing of Order doth {ymbolize with Harmeny, And therfore we fee in
Garden-knots, and, the Frets of Houfes, and all equall and well-an{wering
Figures, (as Glebes, Pyramides, Cones, Cylinders, &c.) how they pleafe ;
whereas unequal Figures are but Deformities. And both thefe Plea/ures,
thacofthe Eye, audtharof the Zare, are but the Effects of Equality; Good
Proportion, ot Correfpondence : So that (out of Question,) Equality , and
Corre/pondence, ate the Caufes of Harmony, But to finde the Proportion of
chat Correfpondence, is more abftrufe; wherof netwithftanding we {hall
{pzake fomewhar, (when we handle Zones,) in the generall Enquiry of

: F 2 Tones;

107

108

109

38

112

113

114

Natural Hiftory :

Tones are not fo apt alcogether to procure S/eep,as fome other Sounds;

As the Wind, the Purling of Water, Humming of Bees,a Sweet Voice of

lone that readeth, &c. The Cau/e whereof is, for that Teaes, becaufe

they are Equall, and flide not, doe more ftrike and ere& the Senfe, than
the other, And Ouermuch Atrention hindreth Sleepe.

There be in Mafick certaine Figures, or Tropes ; almoft agreeing with
the Figures of Rhetoricke; And withthe sffections of the Minde, and
other Senfes. Firft, the Diwifion and Quanering, which pleafe fo much in
Mufick, hane an Agreement with the Gisttering of Light ; Asthe Moone-
Beames playing vpona Waue. Againe, the Falling froma Difcerd to a
Concord, which maketh great Sweetnefle in Mufick, hath an Agreement
with the Affecfions, which are reintegrated to the better, atter fome
diflikes: It agreeth alfo with the Ta/fe, which is foone glutted with that
which is fweet alone, The Stiding from the Clofe or Cadence, hath an
Agreement with the Figurein Rbetoricke, which they call Prater Expe-
ctatum Forthereis a Pleafure ewen in Being deceiued. The Reports, and
Fuges, have an Agreement with the Figares in Rhetorick, of Repetition,
and Traduction. The Tripla’s,and Changing of Times, haue an Agree-
ment with the Changes of Motions; As when Galliard Time, and Meafare
Time, are in the Medley of one Danée.

It hath been anciently held, and obferued, that the Senfe of Hearing,
and the Kinds of Mufick, haue moft Operation vpon Masners; As to
Incourage Men,and make them warlike; To make them Soft and Effe-
minate; Tomakethém Graue; To make them Light; To make them
Gentle and inclined to Pitty,&c. The Cas/é is, for thatthe Sen/e
Hearing ftriketh the Spirits more immediatly, than the other Ses/es; And
more incorporeally than the Swelling : For the Sight, Ta¥e, and Feeling,
haue their Organs, not of fo prefent and immediate Acceffe to the Sps-
rits,asthe Hearing hath, And as for the Smelling, (which indeed work-
eth alfo immediatly vpon the Spirits, and is forcible while the Obiec&
remaineth,) itis with a Communication of the Breath, or Vapour of the
Obiect Odorate: But Harmony entring cafily,and Mingling notat all,and
Comming with a manifeft Motion; doth by Cuftome of often Affe-
ing the Spirits, and Putting them into one kinde of Pofture, alter not a
little the Nature of the Spirits, euen when the Obiectis remoued. And
therefore we fee, that Tuwes and Aéres, euenintheirowne Nature, haue
in themfelues fome Affinity with the 4ffedfions; As there be Merry
Tunes, Dolefull Tunes, Solewmme Tues; Tunes inclining Mens mindes to
| Pisty; Warlike Tunes; &c. Soas it is mo Maruell,if they aleer che Spé-

rits; confidering that Tewes haue a Predifpofition tothe Afetion of the
Speritsin themfelues, But yet it hath been noted, that though this va-
riety of Tunes, doth difpofe the Spirits to variety of Pafions, conforme
vatothem; yet generally, Afsfick feedeth that difpofition ofthe spirits
which it findeth. We fee alfothat feuerall sires, and Janes, doe pleafe
feuerall Nations,and Per/ons,accotding to the Sympathy they haue with
their Spirits.

Per[pecFuse

(Century. Lf. 39

ee er

Perfpettine hath been with fome diligence inquired ; And | E>rerimenes
. i Onlert
fo hath the Nature of Sounds, in fame fort,as fat as coticcrneth| touching

Sexnds; and

Mufck. Bur the Nature of Sounds in generall, hath been fir-| git vocching

ficially obferued, Itis one ofthe fubtilleft Peeces of Na- patel

cure. And befides, I practife, as 1 doe aduife; whichis, after | seus
long Inquiry of Things, Inmerfe in Matter, to interpofe
fome Subicét, which is Immateriate, or lef[e Materiate,; Such
as this of Sounds ; To the end, that the Intellect may be Retti-

fied,and become not Partiall.
Iris firftto be confidered, what Great Motions there are in Natute,| 15
which paffe without Sosnd, or Nowe, The Heawens turne about, in a
moft rapide Motion, without Neife to vs perceived; Though in fome
Dream:s they haue been faid to make an excellent Mufick. So the Azo-
tions of the Comets, and Fiery Meteors (as Stella Cadens,&c.) yeeld no
Noife. And if it be thought, that it is the Greatnefle of diftance from
vs, whereby the Seund cannot be heard ; We fee that Lightnings, and
Coru/feations, which are neere at hand, yeeld no Sownd neither. And yet
in all thefe, there is a Percuffion and Diuifion of the Aire. The Windes
in the ¥pper Region (which moue the Clowds aboue (which we call the
Racke) and are not perceiued below) pafle without Noi/e, The lower
Windes in a Plaine, except they be ftrong, make no Noi/é; But amongft
Trees, the Neifé of fuch Windes will be perceiued. And the Wipdes (pe-
nerally) when they make a Noi/e, doe euer make it vnequally , Rifing and
Falling; and fomerimes (when they are vehement,) Trembling at the
Height of their Blaft. Raine, or Haile falling, (though vehemently,)
yeeldeth no Woi/e, in pafling through the Aire, till it fall vpon the
Ground, Water, Houles, or the like. Water ina Riwer (though a {wife
Streame) is not heard in the Channell,bat runneth in Silence, if ic be of
any depth; Butthe very Streame vpon Shallowes, of Grauell, or Pebble,
will be heard. And Waters, when they beat vpon the Shore, or are
ftraitned, (asin the falls of Bridges;) Or are dathed againft themfelues,
by Windes, giue a Roaring Norfe, Any peece of Timber, or Hard Body,
bsing thruft forwards by another Body Contiguous, without knocking,
giueth no Noife, And {o Bodses in weighing, one vpon another, though
the upper Body prefle the lower Bedy downe, make no Noife. So the Mo-
tion in the Minute Parts of any Solide Body, ( which is the Principall
Cau of Violent Motion, though vnobferued;) pafleth withour Sound ;
For that Sound,that is heard fometimes, is produced onely by the Break-
ing of the dire; And notby the Impulfton of the Parts. So itis ma-
nifeft ; That wherethe Anteriour Body giueth way, as faft as the Pofte-
riour commeth on, it maketh no Noi/e; be the Aosion never fo great,
or fwift,
Aire open, and at large, maketh no oie, except it befharply per-| 116
cuffed ; As inthe Sound of a String, where 4/re is percufled 4 had
an

>

SS

117

118

119

120

N aturall Hifiory:

and fliffe Body; And witha fharp loofe ; For if the String be not firai-
ned, it maketh no Nee. But wherethe dive zs pent, and ttrairned,there

Breath, or other Blowing, (which carry but a gentle Percuffion,) fuffice

to create Sound; Asin Pipes, and winde-Inftruments, But then you
muft note, that in Recorders, which goe witha gentle Breath, the Concawe
of the Pipe,wereit not for the Fipple, chat {traitneth the Aire,(much more
than the Szmple Concawe;) would yeeld no Sownd. For as for other winde-
Infiruments, they tequire a forcible Breath; As Trampets, Cornets, Hun-
ters-hornes, &c. Which appeareth by the blowne-cheeks of him that
windeth them. Orgawsalfo are blowne witha ftrong winde, by the Bel-
lowes. And note againe, that fome kinde of winde-Jnftruments, are
blowne ata {mall Hole in the fide, which ftraitneth the Breath at the firft
Entrance ; The rather, in refpect of their Trawer/e, and Stop aboue the
Hole, which performeth the Fépples Part ; As it is feene in Flutes, and
Fifes, which will not giue Sound, by a Blaft atthe end, as Recorders, &c.
doe. Likewife in all W#/lsng, you contra& the Mouth ; Andto make
it more fharp, Men fometimes vic their Finger, Butin Open Aire, if you
throw a Stone, ora Dart, they giueno Somnd: Nomore doe Ballets, ex-
cept they happen to be alittle hollowed in the Cafting; Which Hollow-
nefle penneth the dire: Nor yet Arrowes, except they be ruffled in
their Feathers, which likewife penneth the dire. As for Small whiftles,
or Shepheards Oates Pipes; they giuea Sound, becaufe of their extreame
Slendernefle, whereby the Aire is more pent, than ina Wider Pipe.
Againe, the Voices of Men, and Liuing Creatures, pafle through the
throat, which penneth the Breath. As for the /ewes Harpe, it is a fharp
Ereatons And befides, hath the vantage of penning the 4ire in the
Mouth.

Solide Bodies, if they be very faftly percuffed,giueno Sound ;As when
a man treadeth very foftly vpon Boards, So Cheffs or Deores in faire
weather, when they open eafily, giue no Sound, And Cart-wheeles (queak
not, when chey are liquoured,

The Flame of Tapers, or Capdles, though it be a {wift Motidn, and
breaketh the Aire, yet pafleth without Somed, Aire ia Onens, though
(no doubr) it doth (as it were) boyle, and dilate it felfe, and is repercul-
fed; yetitis without Noé(e,

Flame percufjed by Aire, giuetha Noi/e; Asin Blowing of the Fire by
Bellowes Greater, than if the Bellowes {hould blow vponthe Aire it
felfe, And folikewife Flame percufiing the Aire ftrongly, (as when Flame
fuddenly taketh,and opencth,) giueth a Noife; So, Great Flawes,whiles
the one impelleth the other, giuea bellowing Sound. ho

There is a Conceit runneth abroad, that there fhouldbe a white
Powder, which will difcharge a Peece without Woife ; which isadange-)
rous Experiment, if it fhould be true: For it may caufe fecret Murchers.|
But it feemeth to me vnpoffible ; For, if the 4sre pent, be driven forth,
and fttike the Aire epen, it will certainly make a Wei/é. ‘As for the white
Powder (if any {uch thing be, that may extinguifh, or dead the Nosfe,)

it

a

(Century. II. 4t
E.R NR eR”
itis like to bea Mixture of Petre, and Swiphur, without Coale. For Petre

alone will not take Fire, And ifany Man thinke, thatthe Sound ay be
extinguithed, or deaded, by difcharging the Pemt sire, before it com-
meth to the Meath of the Peece, and to the Open Aire; That is not pro=
bable ; For it will make more divided Sousds : As if you fhould make a
Croffe Barrell hollow,thorow the Barrell of a Peece,ir may be,it would
giue feuerall Sounds both at the Nofe,and at the Sides, Bur I conceiue,
| har ifit were poffible, to bring to paffe, thatthere fhould be no Airey
| pent at the Mouth of the Peece, the Bullet might fly with fuiall, or no
Noife. For firftit is certaine, there is no Noife in the Percuffion of the
| Flame vpon the Bullet, Next the Bullet, in piercing thorow the Aire,ma-
| keth no Noi/e; As hathbeencfaid, And then, if there beno Pent Azre,
that ftriketh vpon Open Aire, there is no Caufe of Neife; And yer the
Flying of the Ballet will not be ftayed, For that Motion (as hath beene

ee

| oft faid) is in the Parts of the Ballet,and notin the Are, Soas triall mu
bemade by taking fome final! Concawe of Metall,no more than you mean
to fill with Powder ; And laying the Bullet in the Mouth ofit,halfe out
into the Open Aire,

Iheard it affirmed bya Man, that was a great Dealer in Secrets,but
he was but vaine ; That there was a Compiracy (which himfelfe hindred,)
tohauc killed Queene Mary, Sifterto Queene Elizabeth, by a Burning-
Glafe, when fhee walked in Saint James Parke, ftom the Leads of the
Houfe, Bue thus much (no doubt) is true;That if Burning-Glaffes could
be brought toa greatftrength, (as they talke generally of Burming-Gla/-
@s, that are able toburne a Nawy,) the Percufien of the Aire alone, by
fuch a Barning-Glaffe, would make no Neife ; No more than is found in
Coru{cations, and Ligbtuings without Thunders,

I fuppofe, that Jmsprefiien of the Aire with Sounds, asketh atime to
be conueighed to the Sew/e; As well asthe Imprefion of Species wifible :
Or elfe they willnot be heard. And therefore, as the Bullet msoueth fo

fife thacit is Jemifible ; So the fame Swiftnefe of Motion maketh it Zn-
audible : For we fee, that the Apprehenfion of the Eye, is quicker than
that of the ~ ea exc

All ions of Asre,though {mall and flight, giue an Entity of Sousd;
sitive cal Crackling, Poffo, Spitting, Bee. is in Bay-fait 4 tna Bay- a3
leaues, caft into the Fire ; So in Che/nwis, when they Jeape forth of che
Athes 3 Soin Greene Wood laid ypon the Fire, efpecially Roots; So in
Candles that {pit Flame, ifthey be wet; Soin Raping, Sucezing, &c. So
ina Rofe-leafegathered together into the fathion of a Purfe, and bro-
ken vpon the Fore-head, or Backe of the Hand, as Children vie,

122

The Canfe giuen of Sousd,that it fhould be an Elifies of the Aire | Experiments
arby, if they meane any thing, they meane a Casting, or Diniding, ot ding Shes

elfean ‘Attenwatine of the Aire) is buta Terme of Ignorance ; And the | ox,comferustion,
otion is buta Catch of the Wit vpon a few Inftances;As the Manner |2n4 Delation

is inthe Philofophy Reeciued. And it is common with Men, that ifthey of Sounds; And

=

haue

A.2

Neaturall Hiftory:

ae ofice of | haue gotten a Pretty Exprefiion, by a Word of Art, that Expreffiow poeth

in

124

125

the Avvethere-} currant; though it be empty of Matter. This Conceit of Elijion, appea-

reth moft maniteftly to be falfe, in that the Sound of a Bell, String, or the
like, continueth melcing, fometime, after the Percufiion; But ceafeth
ftraight-waics, ifthe Bell, or String, be touched and (tayed : wheras, ifit
were the Elsfion of the Aire, that made the Seand, itcould not be, that
the Touch of the Bell, or String {ould extinguifh fo fuddenly that Mo-
tion, caufed by the Elz/iox of the Aire, This appeareth yet more mani-
feftly, by Chiming with a Hammer, wpon the Out-fide of a Bell; For the
Sowad will beaccording to the inward Concaue of the Bell; whereas the
Elifion, or Attenuation of the ire, cannot be but onely betweene the
Hammer and the Out-fide of the Bell, Soagaine, if it were an Elifion, a
broad Hammer, and a Bodkin, ftracke vpon Metall, would giue a diuers
Tone ; As wellas a diuers Loudnefe : But they doe not fo; For though
the Sound of the one be Lowder, and of the other Softer, yet the Tone is
the fame, Befides, in Eecho's, (wherof fomeare as loud as the Originall
Voice,) there isno new Elifion; but a Repercu/fron onely, But that which
conuinceth it moft of all, is; that Sowmds are generated, where there is
no Aireatall, Burthefe and the like Conceits, when Men haue clea-
red their vaderftanding, by the light of Experience, will {catter, and
breakevp like a Mift.

It is certaine, that Seand is not produced at the firft, but with fome
Locall Motion of the Aire,or Flame, or fome other. Mediums;Nor yet with-
out fome Re/iffance, either in the Aire,or the Bedy Percuffed. For ifthere
beamecre Yeelding, or Ceffion, it produceth no Sound ; As hath beene
faid, And therin Sounds differ from Zight,and Colours; which paffe
thorow the Aire, or other Bodies, without any Locall Motion ot the Asre;
either at the firft, or after. But you muftattentiuely diftinguith, be-
tweene the Lecall Motion of the Aire, (which is but Yehiculum Canffa, A
Carrier of the Sounds, ) and the Soumds them{elues, Conueighed in the
Aire, For as to the former, we fee manifeftly, that no Sexnd is produ-
ced (no notby sire it felfeagainft other Aire,as in Orgaus,&c.) but with
aperceptible Bla/? ofthe sre; And with fome Refiffamce ofthe Aire
ftrucken, For even all Speech, (which is one of the gentleft Afosions of
Aire, ) is with Expulfion of alittle Breath, Andall Pépes haue a Blatt,
aswellas a Sound. VV fee alfo manifeftly, that Sounds are carried with
Wind: And therefore Sownds will be heard further with the Wind, than
againft the Wind; And likewife doe rife and fall with the Intenfion or
Remiffion of the Wind, But for the Jeprefion of the Sound, it is quite an-
other Thing; Andis veterly without any Local Motion of the dire, Per-
ceptible; And in that refembleth the Species vifible: For after a Man
hath lured, ora Bellis rung, wecannot difcerne any Perceptible Motion
(atall) in the Aire, along as the Sound goeth ; but only at the firft,Nei-
ther doth the Wénd (as far as it carrieth a Voice,) with the Motion therof,
confound any ofthe Delicate, and Articulate Figurations of the dire,
in Variety of Words, And ifa ./as {peake a good loudneffe, erat
t

Century, U1

the Flame of aCandle, it willnot make ittremble much; though moft,

when chofe Letsers are pronounced, which contra& the Mouth ; As F,

S, Vand fomeorhers, But Gentle Breathing,or Blowing without Peaking,

will moue the Cawdle farmore. And itis the more probable, that Sousd

is without any Local Motion of the Aire, becaufeas itdiffereth from the

Sigbt, in that it needeth a Locall Motion of the Aire at firft; So it paralle-

Jeth in fo many other things with the Sight, and Radiation of Things vifi-
| ble; Which (withouc all queftion) induce no Lecalk Motion in the Aire,

as hath beene {aid

Newertheleffe it is true, that vpon the Noifé of Thwsder, and great
Ordnance ; Glafle windowes will (hake; and Fithes are thought to be
frayed with the Motion, caufed by Ne:/e vpon the water. But thefe Ef-
fects are from the Locall Motion of the Aire, which is a Concomitant
of the Sound, (as hath beene {aid ; and notfrom the Sound,

It hath beene anciently reported, and is (till receiued, that Extreme
Applanfes, and Shosting of People aflembled in great Multitudes, haue
fo rarified, and broken the Aire, that Birds flying ouer, haue fallen
downe, the Aire being notable to fupport them, And it is beleeued by
fome, that Great Ringing of Bells in populous Cities, hath chafed away
Thander : and alfo diffipated Peftilent Aire: All which may bealfo from
the Concuffion of the Aire, and not from the Sound,

+ +A very great Sound, neare hand, hath ftrucken many Deafe; Andat
thé Infant they haue found, as it were, the breaking of a Skin or Parch-
ment in their Eare: And my Selfe{tanding neare one that Zured loud,
and fhrill, had fuddenly an Offence, as if fomewhat had broken, or
beene diflocated in my Eare; And immediately after, a lowd Ringing ;

an ordinary Singing, or Hiffing, but far louder, and diftering;) fo
as feared fome Deafene/fe, But after fome halfe Quarter of an Houre
itvanifhed. This Effect may be truly referred vnto the Sowmd: For (as
is commonly receiued) an omer-potent Obie doth deftroy the Seafe ;
And oe Spesies, (both Vifible, and Awdzble,) will worke vpon the
Senfories, though they mouc not any other Body,

In Delation of Sounds, the Enclefure of them preferueth them, and
caufeth them to be heard further. And wee finde in Roules of Parch-
ment, or Trunckes, the Mouth being laid to the oneend of the Rowle

Parchment, or Truncke,and the Eare to the other,the Sownd is heard
much further, than inthe Open Aire. The Caw/eis, for that the Sound
fpendeth, and is diffipatedin the Opes Aire ; But in fuch Concaues it is
conferued, and contracted.So alfo ina’ Peece of Ordnance, if you {peak
in the Touch-hole, and another lay his Bare to the Mouth of the Peece,
the Sound paffeth, and is farre better heard, than in the Open Aire,

_ “Tis furthertobe confidered, how it prouethand worketh, when
the Sound is not eniclofed all the Length of his Way, but paffeth part-

y through open Aire’; As where you /eake fome diftance from a

runckesor where the Eare is fome diftance trom the Trwacke,at the other
End; Orwhere both Mowsh and Eare are diftant from the Trumcke. And
| G i

it

eee

43

126

127

128

129

4A, Natural Hiftory:
it is tried, thatin along Trancke, of fome eight or ten foor, the Sound is
holpen, though both the Month, andthe Eare be a handfull, or more,
from the Ends of the Zrancke; And fomewhat morc holpen, when the
| Bare of the earer is neare, than when the Month of the Speaker. Andit
is certaine, that the Voice is better heard inaChamber from abroad, than

abroad from within the Chamber. |

131 As the Enclofure,that is Roand about and Entire, preferueth the Sound:

So doth a Sems-Concane, though ina lefledegree. And thercfore,ifyou
dinide a Trwacke, or a Cane into two, and one fpeake at the oneend,and
you lay your Eare at theother; it will carry the Voice further, than in the
Aire at large. Nay further, if it be not a full Semst-Concane ; butif you
doe thelike vpon the AMfa/ of a Ship, ora long Pole, or a Peece of Ordnance
(though one {pcake vpon the Surface of the Ordeance,and not at any of
the Bores ; ) the Voice will be heard further, than in the Aire at large,
132 Ir would be tried, how, and with what propoytion of difaduantage,
the Voice willbe carried in an Horne, which is aline Arched ; Or ina

Trumpet , which is a line Retorted ; Or in fome Pépe that were Si-

nuous,

It is certaine, (howfoeuer it crofle the Receiued Opinion) that
Sounds may be created without Aire, though Aire be the moft fauoura-
ble Deferent of Sounds. Take a Pefell of Water,and knap a paire of Tongs
fome depth within the Water, and you fhallheare the Soumd of the
Tongswell,and not much diminifhed; And yecthereisno Aire at all

refent, .

134 ; Take one Ve(fell of Silwer,and another of peed, and fill each of them
full of Water, and then knap the Tongs together, as before, about an
handfull from the Bottome, and you fhall finde the Soamd much more
Refounding from the Veffell of Siluer, than from thatof Wood: And yet
if there be no water in the Vefell, fo that you knap the Tongs in the
Aire, you thall finde no difference, betweene the Silaer and Wopdder
Veffell. VVhereby, befide the maine point of creating Soamd without
Aire, you may colle& two Things : The one, that the Sossd communi-
cateth with the Bottome of the Yee : The other, that fucha Commu-
nication paffeth farre better, thorow Water, than Aire,

135 Strike any Hard Bodies together, in the Middeft ofa Flame, and you

fhall heare the Sowmd, with little difference, from the Sound im the

Aire

The Pnewmaticall Part, which is in all Tangible Bodies, and hathfome
Affinity with the Aire, performeth, in fome degree, the Parts of the

Aire; Aswhen youknocke vpon an Emptie Barrell,the Sond is(in part)

. | created by the Aire on the Out-fide ; And (in part) by the Airein the

| Infide; For the Sound will be greater or leffer, as the Barrell is more
|

133

136

Emptiec, or more full; But yetthe Seaed participatethalfo with the
Spirit in the Wood, thorow which it pafleth, from the Outfide to the In-
fide: And fo itcommeth to pafle, in the Chiming of Bells, on the Out-
fide ; where alfo the Sound paffeth to the Infide: And a number of o-
' ther | °

a

| Century. LI. 45
cher like Inftances, whereof we (hall {peakemore, when we handle the
Communication of Sounds. :

Itwere extreame Grofleneffe to thinke, (as wee hawe partly touched} 37
before,) that the Souwd in Strings is made, or produced, betweene the
Hand and the String, or the Qwill and the String, or the Bow and the
String : For thofe are but Vehicula Motiss, PafJages to the Creation of the
Sound ; the Sound being produced betweene the String and the Aire;

And thatnot by any Jmpalfien of the Aire from the firft Motion of the

| String; but by the Retwrne or Refult of che String, which was ftrained by

the Touch, to his former Place :_ which Motion of Refult is quicke and

fharpe 5; Wheras the firft Motion, is foft and dull. So the Bow tortureth

the String continually, and thereby holdeth it ina Continuall Trepi-

jon,

Take a Trancke, anglet one whiftleat the one End, and hold your} experiments
Eareat tlie other, and you fhall finde the Sound {trike fo fharpe, as you| in Cofore tou-
can fearceendure it, The Caw/é is, for that Soand diffufeth it felfe in| (hrs he Mee
round; And fo fpendeth it Selfe; But if the. Sound, which would featter| liry, and Damp
‘in Open Aire, be made to goeall into a Canale ; It muft needs giue grea-| f Sows.
terforce ta the Sownd, And fo you may note, that Enclofuresdoenot| 138

| onely preferuc Sewnd, but alfo Encreafe and Sharpenit.

| _A Hunters Horne, being greater at onc end, thanat the other, doth} ~ 139
éhcreafe the Sownd more, than if the Horne were all of an equall Bore,
The Camfe is, for that the Aire, and Sound, being firft contracted at the
leffer Ennd,and afterwards hauing more Roome to fpread at the greater
End; doe dilate themfelues ; And in Comming out ftrike more Aire ;
whereby the Sound is the Greater, and Bafer.Aud eulen Hanters Hornes,

which are fometimes made ftraight, and not Oblique, are ever grearer

at thelowerend. It would be tried alfo in Pipes, being made far larger

atthe lower End: Or being made witha Belly towards the lower End,

And then iffuing into a ftraight Concaue againe,

There is in Saint lames Piclds, a Conduit of Bricke, vato which ioy- 140
neth a low Vaale ; And at the End of that, a Rowad Howfe of Stone: And
in the Bricke Conduit there is aVVindow; And inthe Rownd How/ea Slit
ot Rift of fome little breadth : If youcrie out in the Rift, it will makea
fearfullRoaring at the Window. The Caufée is the fame with the for-
mer; For that all Concaues, that proceed from more Narrow to more
Broad, doe amplifie the Sound at the Comming out. '

Hawkes Bells, that haue Holes in the Sides,gine a greater Ring,than| , 41
ifthe Pellet did ftrike vpon Braffe, in the Open Aire. The Caufe is the
fame with the firft wfance of the Tramcke ; Namely, for that the Sound
Enclofed with the Sides of the Bel/,commeth forth at the Holes vnfpent,
and more ftrong.

In Drums, the Clofeneffe round about, thatpreferueth the:Sousd| 42
front difperfing, maketh the Weife come forth at the Dram-Hole, farrer
more loud, and ftrong, than if you fhould ftrike vpon the like Skim, _

: tende

i tr

——————————————

144
145
146

147

148

149

143

Naturalle Hiftory :

tended in the Open Aire, The Can/e is the fame with the two pre-
cedent,.

Sounds are better heard, and further off, in an Evening, or in the
Night, than at the Woone, or in the Day, The Cax/e is, for thatin the Day,
when the Aire is more Thin,(no doubt) the Sound pierceth better; Bur
when the Aire is more Thicke, (as in the Night)the Sound {pendeth and
fpreadeth abroad leffe: And {oitisa Degree of Emclofare, As for the
Night, it is true alfo, thatthe Generall Silencehelpeth,

There be two Kinds of Reflexiens of Sounds; The one at Diffancev,
which is the Eccho ; Wherein the Oviginall is heard diftin@ly,.and the
Reflexion a\fo diftin@ly ; Of which we thall {peake hereafter; The other
in Concurrence; VWWhen the Sound Reflecting (the Reflexion being neare
at hand) returneth immediatly vpon the Originaland fo iterateth itnot,
but amplifieth ir, Therefore we fee, that Mu/icke vpon the water foun-
deth more ; And fo likewile Mw/icke is better ingChambers yVainfcor-
ced, than Hanged.

The Strings of a Lute, or Violl, or Virginalls, doe giuc a far greater
Sound, by realon of the Ket, and Board, and Concage vnderneath, than
if chere were nothing but onely the Flat of a Board, without that Helow
and Kot, to let inthe Vpper Aireinto the Lower. The Cau/e is,the
Communication of the Vpper Aire with the Lowers And Penning of
both from Expence, or Difperfing.

An Jrifh Harpe hath Open Aire on doth fides of the Strings: And
it hath the Concawe or Belly, not along the Strings, but atthe End of the
Strings. Itmaketh a more Refounding Sousd,than a Bandora,Orpharion,
or Citterne, which haue likewife Wire-/frings. I iudge the Cau/e to be,for
that Open Aire on both Sides helpeth,fo that there be a Comeawe;W hich
is therefore beft placed at the End.

Ina Yirginall, when the Léd is downe, it maketha more exile Sound,
than when the Lid is open, The Can/éis, for thatall Shutting ia of Aire,
where there is nocompetent Vent, dampeth the Sesmd.VWVhich main-
taineth likewife the former /n/famce ; For the Belly of the Lute, or Viell,
doth pen the 4ire fomewhat. !

There is a Church at Glocester,(and as I haue heard the like is in fome
other places ; ) where if you fpeake againft a Wall, foftly, another fhall
heare your Foice better a good way off, than neare hand. Enquire more
particularly of the Frame of that Place, [fuppofe there is fome Vault,
or Hollow, or Ifle, behinde the Wall, and fome Paflage to it towards
the further end of that Wall,againft which you fpeake; So as the Voice,
of him that fpeaketh, flideth along the Wall, and then entreth atfome
Paflage, and communicateth with the Aire of the Hollow; Foritis pre-
fered fomewhat by the plaine walls but that is too weake to giuc a
Sound Audible, till it hath communicated with the backe Azre.

Strike vpona Bowftring, and lay the Horne of the Bewneare your
Eare, and it will encreafe the Soand, and make a degree of a Tone. The
Caufeis, for that the Senfory, by reafon of the Clofe Holding, is per-

cuffed,

(Century, LI. 4.7

EE

cuffed, beforethe Aire difperfeth, The like is, if you hold the Horne
betwixt your Teeth, But that is a plaine Delation of the Sosud ; from the
Teeth, to the Ioftrument of Hearing ; For thereisa greatEntercourfe
betweene thofe rwo Parts;As appeareth by this; Thata Harfh Grating
Tune ferceth the Teeth on edge. The like falleth out, ifthe Horne of the
Bew be putvpon the Temples; Bur that is bucthe Slide of the Sonnd
from thence to the Eare,

If you take a Rod of /ron, or Bra/fe, and hold the ore end to your
Eare, and {trike ypon the other, it maketh a far greater Sound, than the
like Stroke vpon the Red, not fo made Contiguous to the Eare, By
which, and by fome other Ju/fances, chat haue beene partly touched, te
fhould appeare ; That Sounds doe not onely {lide vpon the Surface of a
Smooth Body, but doe alfo communicate with the Spirits, thatare in
the Pores of the Body.

I remember in Trinity Colledge in Cambridge, thete was an ¥pper| 151
Chamber, whiclrbeing thought weake in the Roofe of it, was fupported
bya Pillar of Iron, of the bigneffe of ones Arme, in the middeft of the
Chamber ; VVhich if you had ftrucke, it would make a little flat Noife
in the Roome where it was {trucke ; But it would make a great Bombe in
the Chamber beneath. }

_ The Sound which is made by Backets ina Well, whenthey touchyp-| 15%
on the Water ; Orwhen they ftrike vpon the fide of the Well; Or when
wo Buckets dath the one againft the other; Thefe Sounds are deeper,
and fuller, chan ifthe like Percuflion were made in the Opes Aire. The
Caufe is, the Penningand Enclofure of the Aire, in the Concaue of the
well,

Barrells placed ina Roome vnder the Floare of achamber, makeall} 4 53
Noifes in the fame Chamber, more Fulland Refounding.

Sothat therebe fine wayes (ingenerall,) of Maioration of Sounds:En-
clofure Simple ; Enclofure with Dilatation; Communication ;Reflexi-
on Concurrent; and Approach to the Senfory.

For Exility of the Voice, or other Sounds: It is certaine, that the 154
Feice doth pafle thorow Solide and Hard Bodies, if they benot too thick.
And thorow Water 5 whichis likewife avery Clofe Body, and fuch an
one, as letteth notin Aire. But then the Voice, or other Soand, is redu-
ced, by fuch paflage, toa great Weakueffe, or Exility, If therefore you
ftop the Holes ofa Hawkes Bell, it will make no Ring, but a flac Noife, or
Rattle, And fo doth the Aésites, or Eagles Stone, which batha little
Stone within it, »

And as for Hater, itis a certaine Trial] : Leta Man goe into a Bath,
and take a Paéle, and turne the Bottome vpward, and carry the Mouth
of ir, (Euen,) downe to the Leuell of the water 3 and fo prefle it downe
vader the Water, fome handfull and an halfe, till keeping ir euen,that it
may not tilt on either fide, fo the Aire get out: Then lethimtharis in
the Bath,diue with his Head fo far vnder Water,as he may put his Head
into the Patle;& there wil come as much Aire bubling forth,as wil make
») Roome

150

48

156

+57

158

166

Naturall Hiftory:

‘Roome for his Head. Phen let him fpeak;and any that fhal ftand without,
{hal heare his Voice plainly; but yet made extreme fharp and exile, like the
Voice of Pappets:But yerthe Articulate Sounds of the Words will not be c6-
founded. Note that ic may be much more handfomely done, ifthe Paile
be put ouer the Mans head aboue Water,and then he cowre downe, and
the Paile be prefled downe with him. Note that a Man muft kneele or fit,
that he may be lower than the Water. A Man would thinke, that the S#
cilian Poet had knowledge of this Experiment ; For he faith ; That Her-
cules Page Hylas went with a Water-pot, to fill itata pleafant Fountaine,
that was neere the Shore, and that the Vymphs of the Fowstaine fell in|
loue with the Boy, and pulled him vnder Water keeping him aliue ; And
thac Hercules miffing his Page, called him by his Name, aloud, that all
the Shore rang of it ; And that Hy/4s from within the Water, anfwered
his Mafter ; But (that which is to the prefent purpofe)with fo fmall and
exile Voice, as Hercules thought he had beene three miles off, when the
Fountaine (indeed) was faft by.

In Lutes,and Jaffruments of Strings, if you ftopa String high, (where-
by . hath leffe Scope to tremble) the Sound is more Treble, but yet more
dead. :

Take two Sawcers, and ftrikethe Edge ef the one againft the Bottome

ofthe other, within a Paile of Water ; And you thall finde, that as you
putthe Sawcers lower, and lower, the Sound groweth more flat ; euen
while Part of the Saweer is aboue the Water ; But that Flatnefle of Sound
is ioyned with a Harfhnefle of Sound ; which (no doubt) is caufed by the},
Incqualitte of the Soumd, which commeth fromthe Part of the Samcer|
vader the Water, and from the Part aboue. But when the Sameer is’,
wholly vnderthe water, the Sound becommeth more cleare, but farre |
more low ; Andasif the Sow#d came from a farre off.
A Soft Body dampeth the Sound, much more than a Hard; Asifa Bell |
hath Cloth, or Silke wrapped aboutit, it deadeth the Sownd more, than
ifit were Wood. Andtherefore in Clericalls, the Keyesare lined ; And}
in Colledges they vfeto line the Tablemen.

Triall was madein a Recorder, after thefe fuierall manners. The Bot- |
tome of it was fet againft che Palme of the Hand ; ftopped with Wax
round about 5 {et againfta Damaske Cufhion; Thruft into Sand ; Into
Afhes s Into Water, (halfe an Inch vnder the Water;) Clofeto the Bor-
tome ofa Siluer Bafin 3 And ftill the Tome remained : Butthe Bottome}

of it was fetagainft a Woollen Carpet; A Liningof Pluth ; A Locke of}
Wooll, (though loofly putin; ) Againft Snow; Andthe Sound of it
was quite deaded, and but Breath. |

Zron Hot produceth not fo full a Sound, as when it is Cold ; For while :

itis hot, irappeareth to be more Soft, and leffe Refounding. So likewile
Warne Water, whenit falleth, maketh not (0 full a Sound, as Cold: And)
I conceiueic is fofter, anid neerer the Naeure of Oyle ; For itis more flip- |
pery 3 As may be perceiued, in that it {Cowreth betrer.
Let there be a Recorder made;with two Fipples, ateach end ee on |

; runke

ae ———————

(Centar. IT. 49

Trancke of it of the length of two Rerorders, andthe Holes anfwerable|
coward eachend; And let twoplay the fame Leffonypon it, at an Vni-

fon; And lctitbe nored,whether the Sosmd be confounded ; or ampli-

fied; or dulled, So likewife let a Crofe be made, of two Trunckes
(thorow-out) hollow; And let two {peake, or fing, theone long-waics,

the orher trauerfe: And let wo heare at the oppofite Ends; Andnote,
whether the Seand be confounded ; amplified; or dulled, Whichtwo
Injhances will alfo giue light to the Mixture of Sounds; wherof we {hall

{peake hereafter, ,

A Bellewes blowne in at the Hele of a Dram, andthe Drum then 182
| ftrucken, maketh the Sound alittle flatter, butno other apparent Alre-
ration, The Cas/e is manifeft ; Partly for thariehindreth the Iflue of the

Sound; And partly for that it makerh the Aire, being blowne together,
lefle moucable.

The Leadne/fe, and Seftme/fe of Sounds, isa Thing diftin& from the | Experiments
Magnitude and Exility ot Sounds ; For a Ba(e String, a gh foftly ftruc- pale wee
ken, giueth the greater Sowmd ; But a Ti reble Strinz, if hard ftrucken,will | roudweffe or
be heard much further off. And the Caw/e is, for that the Bafé String | Sofmffe of
ftriketh more Aire; And the Treble leffe Aire, but with afharper Per- | (473708
on, ' atlonger by A
ie therefore the Strength of the Pereu/Som, that is a Principall Caw/e | # P24"
of t meet or Sofineff of Sounds: As in knocking harderorfofter3} 163
Winding of 2 Horne ftronger or weaker; Ringing of a Hand-bell har- 164
deror s8c And the Strength of this Percu/iow,confifteth,as much,
ormore, in the Hardnefe of the Body Percuffed, asin the Force of the Bo.
CP Sk hes >For if you ftrike againft a Cloth, it will giue a leffle Sound;
againft Wood, agreater; Ifagainft Metall, yet a greater; And in
Metals, if you fttike againft Gold, (which is the more pliant,) it giueth
the flatter Sound ; If againft Siluer, or Braffe, the more Ringing Sound.
As for Aire, where it is ftrongly pent, it matchetha Hard Body. And
therefore we fee in difcharging ofa Peece,whata great Noife it maketh,
Wefee alfo, that the Charge with Bullet ; Or with Paper wet,andhard
| ftopped ; Or with Powder alone, rammed in hard; maketh no great
- difference in the Lowdneffz of Puen kai
- ~The Sharpneffeor Qaickueffe of the Percaffion,isagreatCanfe of the} 16
Rocke aret as epee : Asina slag Wandif ‘it ftrike 5
“the Aire with itsthe Sharper and Quicker you frike it,the Louder Sound
it giueth, Aad in playing \pon the Late, or Virginalls,the quicke Stroke
or Touch, isa great life to'the Soumd, The Can/e is, for that the Quicke
See cutteth the Aire fpecdily ; wheras the Soft Striking doth ra- |
cS Sn ne |
| ©The Communication of Sounds (asin Bellies of Lutes,Emp- | Peccitens
| ty Veffells, ¢7c,) hath Beene touched obiter, in the Maioration reaching the
| of Sounds : But itis ftallo to makea Title of itapart. : of Seg
, ey The

_—--——-—

59
166

167

168

169

170

171

Naturall Hiftory:

por ie eee ee

The Experiment for greateft Demonfttation of Communication of
Sounds, is the Chimsing of Bells; where if you firike with a Hammer vp-
on the Vpper Part, and then vpon the Midft, and then vpon the Lower,
you fhall finde the Sound to be more Treble,and more Bafe, according
ynto the Concaue, on the Infide ; though the Percuffion be onely on
the Outfide.

When the Sound is created betweene the Bla of the Avoath,and the
Aire of the Pipe, it hath neuerthelefle fome Commanicatios with the
Matter of the Sides of the Pipe, and the Spirits in them contained ; for
in a Pipe, or Trumpet, of Wood, and Braffe, the Sound will be diuers;So
if the Pipebe covered with Cloth, or Silke, itwill gine a diuers Sonsd,
from that it would doe ofit felfe ; So, if the Pipe be a little wet on the In-
fide, it will make a differing Sownd, from the fame Pipe dry.

That Sousd made within Water, doth communicate better witha
hard Body thorow Water, than made in Aire, it doth with Aire; Fide»
Experimentum, 134.

We hauefpoken before (in the Inquiftion touching Mu-
ficke,) of Muficall Sounds, wherunto there may be a Concord
or Difcord in two Parts; Which Sounds we call Tones: And
likewife of Insmuficall Sounds ; And hauegiuen the Cau/e,that
the Tone proceedeth of Equality, and the other of Inequality.
Andwehauealfo expreffed there, what are the Equall Bodies
that giue Tones, and what are the Vnequal/ that giue none:But
now we fhall {peake of fuch Inequality of Sounds,as ptocec-
deth, not from the Nature of the Bodies themfelues, butvis
Accidentall ; Either from the Roughneffe, or Obliquity of the
Paffage; Or from the Doubling of the Percusient; Or from
the Trepidation of the Motion.

A Bel, if ithaue a Rift in it, whereby the Sewsd hath not a cleare
Paflage, piueth a Hoar/e and Jarring Sound ; So the Voice of Man, when
by Cold taken the Wefill groweth rugged, and (as wecall it) furred,
becommeth hoarfe. And in thefe two Ju/fances, the Sounds are Ingrate;
becaufe they are meerely Yuequall: But, if they be Ywequall in Equality,
then the Sousd is Gratefull, but Purling. z

All Joffruments,that haue either Retwrwes,as Trumpets; Ot Flexions,
as Cornets ; Or are Drawne vp, arid put from, as Sackbuts; haue aPwr-
ling Send ; But the Recorder, ot Flute, thathaue none of thefe Jwequali-
ties, giuea cleare Sound. Neuertheleffe, the Recorder it felfe, or Piper
moiftened alittle ia the Infide, foundeth more folemnlyyand with a lit-
tle Purling, or Hiffing. Againe, a Wreathed String, ach as are inthe
Bafe Strings of Bandoraes, giucthalfo a Purling Sound,

But a Lwte-fring, ifitbe meerely Ynequall in his Parts,giuetha —
ao

a a —

& « Ceatury. i ve

atid Vatuncable Saeeds which Strises wecall Fale, being bigger in one
Place than in another; And therefore re. /fringsare never Falfe, W:
feealfo, thar when we try a Falfe Late-ffring, wee vfe to extend it hard
betweene the fingers,and to fillip its And atic giuethadouble species, it
is Trae; Butif itgiuecha treble, or more, itis Fai/e,

Waters, in the Noife they make as they ruone, reprefentro the Eare
aTrembling Noife; And in Regalls, (where they hauea Pipe, they call che
Nightingale-Pipe, which containeth Water) the Soand hath a continual!
Trembling: And Children haue alfo little Things they call Cockes,
which hae p¥ater in them; And when they blow, or whiftle in them,
they yeeld a Trembling Neife; Which Trembling of Water, hath an affini-
tywith the Lecter Z, Allwhich dmequaliies of Trepidation, are rather

safunc, than otherwile,

All Bafe Notes, or very Trevle Notes, giuean Afper Sound; For that
the Bafe firiketh more Aire, than it can well itr-keequally : And the Tre-
ble cucteth the Aire fo fharpe, as it returneth too fwift, to make the
Soued Equall: Aud therefore a Meane, ot Tenor, is the fweeteft Part,
We know Nothing, thattanarpleafure makea Muficall, ot Immu-
fh Sound, by voluncary Motion, but the Voice of Mam, and Birds, The
‘Canfe is, (no doubt) in the Weaiill or Wind-pipe, (which we call Ape-
ra Arteria,) which being wellextended gathereth Equality; Asa Blod-
det that is wrinckled, if irbe extended, becommeth fmooth, The Ex-
tenfjon is alwaies more in Tones, than in Speech: Therefore the Jeward
Feice ox Whifper can neuer a piuc Tone: And in Singing,therc is (maniteft-
ly)agreater Working and Labour of the Throat, than in Speaking ; As
ae ta inthe Thrufting out, or Drawing in of the Chinne, when
rh Hawzming of Bees,is an Yaequall Buzzing ; And is conceiued,by
fome ofthe Ancients, not tocome forth at their Mouth, but to bean
Inward Sound; But (it may be) it is neither;But from the motion of their
WVings; For it is not heard but when they ftirre.

All Metals quenched in Water, giue a Sibilation or Hiffing Sound;
(which hath an Affinity with the letter Z.) notwithftanding the Sound
becreated betweene the Water or Vapour,and the Aire, Seething allo, it
there be but fmall Store of Water, ina Veffell, giueth a Hiffing Sound;
But Boyling ina full Vefell, giueth a Bubling Sownd, drawing fomewhat
neate to the Cacks vied by Children,

© Triall would bc made, whether the Zaequality,or Interchange of the
Mediam,willnot produce an Inequality of Sound; As ifthree Bells were
made one within another,and Aire betwixt Each; And then the outer-
moft Bell were:chimed with a Hammer, how the Sound would differ
from Simple Bell, So likewife take a Plate of Braffe, anda Plancke of
Wood, and ioyne them clofe together, and knock vpon one of them, and
fecifthey doc not ciuean vacquall Sound. So make two or three Par-
titions of Wood in 2 Hos fhead, with Holes or Knots inthem; And marke
the difference of their Sound, from the Sound of an Hogfhead, without

ch Partitions. H It,

51

173

174

Zs

|
:

52

——— ee!
Experiments

in Confort,
touching the
wore Trebleyand
the more Bafe
Tones, ov Mufi-
call Sounds.

178

179

180

Naturall Fiftory :

Itis euidenc, that the Percu/fion of the Greater Quantity of Aire, cau-
feth the Bafer Sound; And the lefle Quantity, the more Treble Sound.The
Percufsion of the Greater Quantity of Aire, is produced by the Greatneffe
of the Body Percufsing ; By the Latitude of the Concaue,by which the Seund
paffeth;and by the Longitude of the fame Concawe. Therfore we fee thata
Bafe firing, is greater thana Treble; A Bafe Pipe hatha greater Bore than
a Treble; And in Pipes, and the like, the lower the Note Holesbe, and
the furcher off from the Mouth of the Pzpe, the more Ba/é Sound they
yeeld; And the nearer the Mouth, the more Treble, Nay more, if you
{trike an Entire Body, as an Andsron of Bra(fe, atthe Top, it maketh a
more Treble Sound; And atthe Bottomea Bafer,

It is alfoeuident, that the Sharper or Quicker Percufston of Aire cau-
feth the more Treble Sound; And the Slower or Heasier,the more Bafe>
Sound. So we fee in Strings; the more they are wound vp,and ftrained ;
(And thereby giue a more quicke Start-backe; ) the more Treble is the
Sound ; And the flacker they are, or leffe wound vp, the Bafer is the
Sonsd. And therfore a Bigger String more {trained,and a Lefler String,
lefle ftrained, may fall into the fame Tone,

Children, Women, Eunuchs haue more finall and fhrill Yosces, than
Men. TheReafonis, not for that Mes haue greater Heat, which may
make the Peice ftronger, (for the ftrength of a Veice or Sound, doth make
a difference in the Londne/fe or Softneffe, but not in the Tone; ) But from
the Dilatation of the Organ; which (itis true) is likewife caufed by
Hear, But the Caufe of Changing the Voice, at the yeares of Puberty, is
more ob{cure, It feemeth to be, tor that when much of the Moifture o:
the Body, which did before irrigate the Parts, is drawne downeto the
Spermaticall veffells; it leaueth the Body more hot than it was;whence
commeth the Dilatation of the Pipes: For we fee plainly, all Effects of
Heat, doe then come on; As Pilofity, more Roughneffe of the Skinne,
Hardneffe of the Fleth, &c.

The Iuduftry of the Mw/itian, hath produced two other Meanes of
Straywing, or Intenfion of Strings, befides their Winding up, The one is the
Stopping of the String with the Finger 5 Asin the Necks of Lutes, Viols,
&c.The other is the Shortne//é of the String; Asin Harps, Virginalls, 8c.
Both thefé haue one, and the fame reafon ; For they caufe the String to
giuea quicker Start.

Inthe Staining of a String, the further it is ftrained, the lefle Super-
training goeth to a Note ; For it requireth good Winding of a String,
before it willmake any Note atall: And in the Stops of Lutes, &c, the
higher they goe, the leffe Diftance is betweene the Frets.

Ifyou fila Drinking-Glaffe with Water,(efpecially one Sharpbelow,
and Wide aboue,) and fillip vpon the Brim,or Outfide; And after emp-
ty Part of the Water, and fo more and more, and ftill try the Zone by Fil-
lipping ; you fhall finde the Tome fall, and be more Be/é, as the Glaffe is
moreEmpty,

The

Century. LI.

wards theBufeneffe ot Treblene//e of Tones,isone of chegreareft
Secrets in the Contemplation of Sounds.Forit difcouerech che
‘|ettie Coincidence of Tones into Diapafons;Which is the Returne
of thefameSound. And fo of the (oncords and Difcords, be-
tweene the Vnifon, and Diapafon ; Which we haue touched
before,in the Experiments ot Muficke ; but thinke fit to re-

the Nature of Sounds. It may be found out inthe Proportion
of the Winding of Strings ; In the Proportion of the Diffance.
of Frets ; And inthe Proportion of the Concane of Pipes, &c.

But molt commodioufly in the laftof thefe.

Try therfore the Winding of a String once about, as foone as it is
brought to that Extenfion,as will giue a Tone, And then of twice about;
And thrice abour,&c. And marke the Scale or Difference of the Rife of
the Tome: Wherby you fhall difcouer, in one,twoE fects ; Both the
Proportion of the Sound cowards the Dimenfion of the Winding ; And the
Propertion likewife of the Sowad towards the String, as it is more ot leffe
ftrained, But note that to meafure this, the way will be, to take the

sength ina right Linc of the String, vpon any Winding about of the
P
Lo for the Steps, youareto take the Namber of Frets; And princi-
Ihy the Length of the Line, from the firft Stop of the String, vnto fuch
aSrop as {hail produce a Diapafon to the former Stop, vpon the fame

Bur it will beft (as it is faid)appeare,in the Bores of Wind-Inftraments:
And therfore caufe fome halfe dozen Pipes, to be made, in length, and
all things clfe, alike, with a fingle, double, and fo on toa fextuple Bore;
And fo marke what Fall of Tone euery one giueth.But ftill in thefe three
laft Jnftances, you mutt diligently obferue, what length of String, or Di-
~- of Stop, ot Concaue of Aire, maketh what Ri/e of Sound. As in the

Mt of thefe (which (as we faid) is thar, which giueth the apteft demon-
fration,) you mutt fer downe what Encreafe of Concawé goeth to the
Making ofa Notehigher; And what of two Notes; And what of three
Notes; And fo vp to the Diapafon: For then the great Secret of Nambers,
and Proportions, will appeare, It isnot vnlike, thar thofe chat make Re-
corders,&c.know this already:for that they make them in Sets. And like-
wife Bell-foundersin fitting the tune of their Bells, So that Enquirymay
faue Triall, Surely,it hath beene obfertied by one of the Ancients, that
40 Emr) Barrell knocked vpon with the finger, giveth a Diapafon to the
Sound of the like Barrel fall ; But how that fhou'd be, I doe not well vn-
derftand ; For that the knocking ofa Barrell full, or Empty, doth fearce
gic any Tone,

y a H 2 the There

Ps

~_—_.

The Iuft and Meafured Proportion of the Aire Percuffed,to-| Experintents

in Confort
touching the
Proportion of
Trevle and Bafé
Tones.

fumeic here, as a principall Part of our Enquiry touchiag |

184

185

186

5

ae al
187

Experiments
in Confort
touching Exte-
viour,and Inte-
riout Sennds.

188

189

190

Igl

Experiments
in Confort,
touching Arti-
culation ef

‘di Natural Hiftor3 :

There is required fome fenfible Difference in the Proportion of crea:
ting a Note, ‘towards the Sound itfelfe, which is the Paffiue : And tharit
benottoo neare,but ata diftance. Forin a Recorder,the three vpper-

| moft Holes, yeeld one Zone ; which is a Nate lower than the Tone of the

firft hree. And the like (no doubt) js required in the VVinding or Stop-
pio gof Strings. ; a |

Therejs another Difference of Sounds, which.we will call

Extertour,and Interiour. Itis not Soft, nor Loud; Nor itis not}:

Bafenor Treble.Nor it is not Muficall,nor I mmuficall: Though
it be true,that there can be no Tone in an Interiour Sound: But
onthe other fide, in an Exteriour Sovnd, there may be both
Muficalland Immuficall. We thall therfore enumerate them,ra-
ther than precilely diftinguifh them ; Though (to make {fome
Adumbration‘of that we meane) the Jateriour is rather an Jm-
pulfion or Contufton of the Aire,than an Elifion or Seétion of the
fame. So as the Percufsion of theone, towards the other, dif-
fereth, asa Blow differeth from a Cut.

In Specch of Man, the Whifpering, (which they call Sw/srrus in La-
tine,) whether it be louder or fofter is an Iwteriour Sound ; But the Spea-
king owt, is an Exteriour Sound; And therfore you can neuer makea Tone,
not fing in Whifpering ; But in Speech youmay : So Breathing,or Blowing
by the Mouth, Belowes, or Wind,(though loud) is an Jateriour Sound;But
the Blowing thorow a Pipe, or Concane, (though foft) is an Extertour. So
likewife, the greateft Winds, if they haue no Coarétation, or blow nor
hollow, gine an Jmtertour Sound; The Whiftling or hollow Wind yeeldcth
a Singing, or Exteriour Sound; The former being pent by fome other

Body ; The latter being pent in by his owne Denfity : And therfore we

fec, that when the Wind bloweth hollow, it is a Signe of Raine, The
Flame, as it moueth within it felfe, or is blowne by a Bellowes, giucth a
Murmur or Interiour Sound.

There is no Hard Body, but ftrucke againft another Hard Body, will
yeeld an Exteriour Sownd,greater or leffer:Info muchas if thePercuffion
be ouer-foft, it may induce a Nullity of Sewnd; But neuer an Jateriour
Sound ; As when one treadeth fo foftly, that he is not heard,

Where the dire is the Percutient, pent, of not pent,againft a Hard
Boay, it neuer giueth an Exteriowr Soand; As if you blow ftrongly with
a Bellowes againft a Vvall.

Sounds (both Exteriour and Interiour,) may be made, as well by
Suction,as by Ewsifion of the Breath: As in Whiffling, or Breathing.

It is euident, and it is one of the ftrangeft Secrets in Sounds, that the
whole Sound is not in the whole Aire onely;But the whole Sound is alfo in
cuery final) Pare of the Aire, Sothat all the curious Diuerfiry of Arts-

culate

———— ie

Centurye. LI.

| calate Sounds, of the Voice of Man,or Birds, will enter at a finall-Cran-
fay, Inconfuled. > eee
The Yacquall Agitation of the Winds, and the like, though they bee
{ material! co the Carriage of the Sowds, turther, or, lefle way ; yerthey
doe not confound the 47 téealstsoz of themat all, within thardiftance
that they can be heard; Though it may be,thcy make them tobe heard
leffe Way,than ina Stull ;ashathbeene partly touched, 4»

i Quer-great Diftance contoundeththe Articulation of SoundspAs we
fee,that you may heare the Semed ofa Preachers voice, onthe likewwhep
you cannot diftinguith what he faith, And one drticwlate Sound will
another; As when. many {peake ar once,

e fe Experiment of Speaking vader Water, whenshe Voice is redu-
Jced to fuch au Extreme Exility, yet the rciculate Sounds, (which are
| the iVords,) are nor confounded; as hath becnefaid,
Iconceiue,that an Extreme Small,or an Extreme Great Sound,cannot
| be Articulate; Bur thatthe Articulation tequicetha Mediocrity of Sound :
|For thatthe Extreme Small }Seand confoundeth the dxiiculationby Con-
tratting , And the Great Sound, by Dyperfing : And althoueh (as was for-
| metly faid) a Sound Articulate, alrcady created, will be contracted into
J afimall Cranny ; yer the firlt Articulation requireth more Dimenfion,
J Ithach beene obferued, thatin a Roome, or in a Chappell, Vaulted be-
| low, and Vaulted likewife in the Roote, a Preacher cannot be fieard fo

Words come on, before the Precedent words vanith: And ther-
| fore the Articulate Sounds are more confuied, though the Groffe of the
Sownd be ercater.

‘The Motions of the Tongue, Lips, Throst,Pallat, 8c. which goe tothe
| Making of the feucrall Alprabeticall Letters, are worth y Enquiry,and per-
} tinentto the prefent aqus/ition of Sounds : But becaufe they are fubtill,
and long todefcribe, we will refer them ouer, and place them amonett

the Experiments of Speech. The Hebrewes hauebeene diligent init, and

| haue affigned, which Letters are Labiall, which Dental, which Gutturall,
8c, As for the Latines, and Grecians,they haue diftinguithed betweene
| Semi-vowels, and Mutes ; And in Mates, betweene Mute Tenues, Media,
and 4pirate; Not amifle ; But yetnotdiligently enough, For the {pe-
ciall Strokes, 8¢ Motions, that create thofy: Sounds, they haue Jittle enqui-
ted: Asthat the Letters, B, P. F, M.arenot expreffed,but with the Con-
tracting, or Shutting of the Mouth; Thatthe Letters N.and B, catinotbe

_ | pronounced, but that the Letter W, will curne into 4. As Hecatonba, will
| be Hecatomba. That M.andT. cannotbe pronounced together, but P.
willcome betweene; as Emtus, is pronounced Emptus ; And a Number
of the like. So that if you enquire to the full ; you will finde, that to the

Making of the whole siphabet,there willbe fewer Si jnaple Motions requi-

red, than there are Letters,

The Zangs are the moft Spongy Part of the Body; And therefore
| ableft to contraé, and dilate it felfe: And whereit contraethit felfe,
it

well, as inthe like Places not fo Vaulted, The C.rufeis,for that the Sub.

194

19§

196

197

198

199

400

Naturall Hiftory i

it expelleth the Aire; which thorow the Artsre, Throat,and Month, ma-
keth the Voice : But yet Articulation isnot made, but w‘th the helpe of
the Tongwe, Palate, and the reft of thofe they call Zn/fruments of vaice.

There is found a Similitude, betweene the Sound that is made by
Inanimsate Bodies, or by Animate Bodies, that haue no Voice Articulate;and
divers Letters of Articulate Voices: And commonly Men haue giuen fuch
Names to thofe So#nds, as doe allude vnto the Articulate Letters. As
Trembling of Water hath Refemblance with the Letter LZ, Quenching of
Hot Mettalls, with the Letter Z; Snarling of Dogs, withthe Letter R ; The
Noife of Seritchowles,with the Lester Sh; Voice of Cats, with the Dyp-

thong Eu ; Voice of Cuckoes, with the Dypthong Ow; Sounds of Strings,
with the Letter Ng : So that ifa Man, (for Curiofity,or Stranges
nefle fake, ) would make a Puppet, or other Dead Body, to
pronounce a Werd;Let him confider,on the one Part,
the Motion of the /#framents of Vorce sand on
the other part the like Seawds made in Ins
nimate Bodies; And what Conformity —
there is that caufeth the Simili-
tude of Sowmds; And by that
he may minifter light to
that Effea,

NAT V-

SiGe RU Rs,
® : + :

ca Are heh
Deas VE COINS i: Gps

NATVRALL

MS TLR LE.

If. Century.

SASL L Sounds (whatfocuer) moue Round; That is to
VAPBAL fy; Onall Sides; Vpwards; Downwards ; Forwards ;
ell and Backwards, This appeareth in all /n/famces,

| Sownds doe not require to bee conucyed to the
Semfe, in a Right Line, as Vifiblesdoe, but may be Ar-
ched; Though it be true, they moue ftrongeft in a
— Right Line; VVhich neuertheleffe is not caufed by
the Rightue/fe of the Line, butby che Shortneffe of the diftance; Linea
recta breuifsima, And therefore we fee, if aWall be betweene, and you

a

{peake on the one Side, you heare it on the other; Which is not becaufe

the Sewzd P aff: th thorow the Wall ;but Archeth ouer the Wall,

If che Sound be Stopped and Repercu{ed, it commeth about on the o-
ther Side, in an Oblique Line. So, if in a Coach, one fide of the Boot be
downe, and the other vp; Anda Begger beg on the Clofe Side; you
would chinke that he were on the Open Side. Solikewife, if a Bell or
Clocke,be (for Example) onthe North-fide of a Chamber ; And the
Window of that Chamber be vpon the South;He that is in the Cham-
ber, will thinke the Sosud came from the South,

Sounds, though they /pread reund, (fo that there is an Orbe,ot Sphers-
call Area ofthe Sonad ; ) yet they mouc ftrongeft, and goe furtheft in
the Fore-lines, ftom the firt Locall Impulfion of the Aire. And there-
fore in Preaching, you hall heare the Preachers Voice, better, before
the Pulpit, than bchindeit, or on the Sides, though it ftand open, So
a Harquebux, ot Ordnance, will be further heard, forwards, from the
Mouth of the Peece, than backwards, or on the Sides, .

Ic may bee doubted, that Seasds doe moue better, air:
than

57

zoI
Experiments
in Conferr,
touching the
Motions of
Sounds, in what
Lines they are
Circular, Ob-
lique,Siraight 5
¥ pwards, dowa-
wards ; For-
wards, Back-
wards,

202
203

204

|

53

Naturall Fiftory:

- |the Ancient Generalls {pake to their Armies, they had euer a Mount of}

206

Experiments

Turfecaft vp, whcreupon they ‘ftocd : But this may be imputed to the
Stops and Obfta cles, which the voice meeteth with, wheneone {peak-
eth vpon the Icuell, But there feemeth to be more in it: For it may bee,
that Spiritual spectes, both of Things Vifibleand Sounds, doe moue bet-
ter Dowxewards than Vpwards. Itisa ftrange Thing, that to Mcn ftan-
ding below on the Ground, thofe that be onthe Top of Pauls, feeme
much leffe then they are, and cannot bee knowne ; Butto Menaboue,
thofe below fecme nothing fo much leffened, and may bee knowne;
yet itis true, that all things to them aboue, feemealfo fomewhat con-
trated, and bettercollected into Figure: as Kaotsin Gardens fhew beft
from an Vpper window, or Tarras, ;

But to make an exaé Triall ofit, let a Man ftand in a Chamber, not
much aboue the Ground, and {peake out atthe window, through a
Trunke, to one ftanding on the Ground, as foftly as he can, the other
laying his Eare clofe to the Trumcke:Then via pg the other fpeake
below keeping the fame Proportion of Softneffe ; And lerhim in the
Chamicr lay his Eare to the Trumck: And this may be the apteft Meanes,
to make a Judgement, whether Sownds defcend, or afcend, better.

After that Sound is created, (which is inamoment, ) wee finde

m Cdfoit cou-| it continueth fome finall time, melting by little and little, In this there

ching the L:f-
ing and Peri-
hing of So nds;

is a wonderfull Errour among{t Men, who take this to be a Comtinuance
of the Firft Sowad; whereas (in truth ) itis a Remomation, and notaCon-

dndroocking — sémwance : For the Body peren{fed, hath by reafon of the Percufion, aTre-

the / jue they
equire to

pidation wrought in the Minute Parts ; and fo reneweth the Perewfion of

t cy Geverati- )the Aire, This appeareth manifeftly, becaufe that the Melting Soand of
vs obeluicrs | 4 Bell, or of a String ftrucken, which is thought to be a Comtinuance,

207

208

ceafcth as foone as the Bell or String are touched, Asin a Virginall, as
foone as euer the Jacke falleth sand toucheth the String, the Sound cea-
feth; Andina Bell,after you haue chimed vpon it, if you touch the
Bell, the Sound ceafeth, And in this you mutt diftinguth, that there are
two Trepidations : The one Manifeft, and Locall ; As ofthe Bell, when
itis Penfile : The other Secret, of the Minute Parts ; fuchas is defcri-
bed inthe 9* Inftance. But itis true, thatthe Zocallhelpeth the Secret
grest'y. We fee likewife that in Pipes,and other winde Inftruments,the
Sound lafteth no longer, than the breath bloweth, It is true, thatin
Organs, thereis a confufed Murmur for a while,afteryou haue plaied ;
But that is but while the Bellowes are in Falling.

It is certaine, thatin the Noife of great Orduance, where many
arefhoroff together, the Sound willbe carried, (at the leaft) twenty
Miles vpon the land, and much further vpon the Water. Buc then it
willcome to the Eare 5 Notin the Inftant of the Shooting off, butit
willcomean Houre,or more later. This muft needs be a Coutinuance of
the Firft Sodnd ; For there is no Trepidation which fhould renew nee dq

the

— 2.

the Touching of the Ordnance would not extinguifh the Sosmdthefoo-|~
ner: So that ingreat Sewmds the Continmance is more than Momen-
tany,
To try exactly the time wherein Sound is Delated, Let a Man ftand in 209

a Sceeple, and haue with him a Taper ; And let fome Vaile be put be-
fore the Tapert ; And let another Man ftand in the Field a Mile off.
Then let hun in the Steeple {trike che Bell; And inthe fame Inftant
withdraw the Vaile; And fo lechim in the Field tell by his Pulfe what
diftance of Time there is, betweene the Light feeme,and the Sound heard:
For it is certaine that the Delstion of Light is in an Inftant, Th.s maybe
tried in farre greater Diftances,allowing greater Lights and Sounds,

Icis generally knowneand obferued, that Light, and the Odiec# of
Sight, mouc {wifter than Soawd ; For we fee the Fla(h of a Prece is feene
fooner, than the Noifeisheard, And in Hewing wood, ifone be fome
diftance off, he fhall fee che Arme lifted vp fora fecond Stroke, before
heheare the Noife ofthe firft, And the greater the Diftance, the grea-
ter is the Preuention: As we {ee in Thunder, which is farre off; where
the Lightning Precedeth the Crackea good [pace,

Coloars, when they reprefent themfelucs tothe Eye, fadenot,nor| 241
melt not by Degrees, but appeare ftill in the fame Strength ; But Sownds
mele, and vanilh, by little and little, The Caufe is, for that Celowrs par-
ticipate nothing with the Metiom of the Aire; but Sounds doe. And itis
aplaine Argument, that Sound participateth of fome Local Motion, of
the Aére, (as. a Caule Sine qua non,) in that, it perifheth fo fuddenly; For
in euery Section, or Impulfion of the Aire, the Aire doth fuddenly re-
one: and reunite it felfe; which the Water alfo doth, but nothing fo

Ye

In the Trialls of the Pa/fage, or Not Paffage of Sounds, you | experiments
in Conforr,
muft cake heed, you miftake not the Paffing By the Sides of a | touching the
Body, for che Pafing thorow a Body : And therefore you mult ruins of
makeihe Intercepting Body very clofe; For Sound will pafle |S”
thorowa {mall Chincke.
Where Soand pafleth thorow a Hard, or Clofe Body (as thorowW4-) 212
ter; thorow aWall; thorow Metall, as in Hawkes Bells topped; &c.)
th: Herd,or Clofe Bedy,muft be but thinne and fmalls For elfe ir deadeth
and extinguifheth the Sowmd veterly. And therefore, in the Experiment
of Speakinz in Aire under Water, the Voice mutt not be very deepe with-
in, the Water : For then the Sead pierceth not. So if you {peake on the
further fide of aClofe Wall, if the Wall be very thicke, you fhallnot be
heard : And if there were an Hog(head emptie, whereof the Sides were
fome two Foot thicke, and the Bunghole flopped ; I conceiue the Re-
founding Sound, by the Communication of the Outward Aire, with the
Aire within,would be little or none;But onely you thall heare the Nose
of the Outward Knocke, as ifthe Veffell were full,
I

It

cerenne—perenmr remote

a =

213

214

215

216

Experiments
in Céfort tou-
ching the Ae-
dium of Sounds.
217

218

219

220

Naturall fifiory: |

Spirit or Poeumaticall Part of the Hard body it {elfe, doth cooperate’; |
But much better, when the Sides of that Hard Bedy are ftrucke, than}
when the Percuflion is onely within, without Touch of the Sides, Take
therfore a Hawkes Bell, the holes ftopped vp, and hang it by a threed; |
within a Bottle Glaffe; And ftop the Mouth of the Glaffe, very elofe
with Wax; And then fhake the Glafle, and fee whether the Bell giue
any Souud atall, or how weake > But note, that you muft in ftead of the |
Threed, take a Wire; Or elfe let the Glaffe haue a great Belly; left)
when you fhake the Bell, it dafh vpon the Sides of the Glaffe. “

It isplaine, thata very Long,and Downe-rvight Arch, for the Sound to |
paffe, will extinguifh the Sound quite; So that that Sound, which would |
be heard ouer a wall, willnot be heard ouera Church ; Nor that Sousa,
which will be heard, if you ftand fome diftance from the wall, will be}
heard if youftand clofe vnder the Wall.

Soft and Foramsinous Bodies, in the firft Creation of the Sound, will
dead it; For the Striking againft Cloth,or Furre, will make little Soand:
As hath beenc faid: Butin the Paffage of the Sound, they will admit it
better than Harder Bodies; As wefee,that Curtaines,and Hangings will}
not ftay the Sound much ; But Glafle-windowes, if they be very Clofe,
will checke a Sound more, than the like Thickneffle of Cloth, Wee fee
alfo, inthe Rumbling of the Belly, how eafily the Sound paffeth thorow |}
the Guts, and Skin,

Itis worthy the Enquiry,whether Great Sownds,(As of Ordnance,or
Bells,) become not more Weake, and Extle, when they paffe thorow}
Swzall Crannies, For the Subtilsies of Articulate Sounds, (itmay be,) may
paffe thorow Syall Crannies, not confufed 5 Buc the Magnitude of the
Soand (perhaps,) notfo well,

\
| {tis certaine, that in the Paffaze of Sounds thoiow Hard Bodies, the

The Mediums of Soands are Aires Soft and Porous Bodies; Alfo Wa-
ter. And Hard Bodies retufe not alrogether to be Mediums of Soands.But
all of them are dull and vnapt Deferents, except the Aire. .

In Aire, the Thinner or Drier Aire, carrieth not the Sound {0 well,as
the more Denfe; As appeareth in Night Sounds, And Enening Sounds ;
And Sesnds in moift Weather, and Southerne Winds. The reafon is
already mentioned in the Tisle of Matoration of Sounds, Being for that
Thinne Aire is better pierced ; but Thicke Aire preferueth the Sound bet-
ter from Waft; Letfurther Triall be madeby Hollowing in Mifts, and
Gentle Showers : For (it may be) that will fomewhat dead the Sound.

How farre forth Flame may be a Medium of Sounds, ( efpecially of
fuch Sounds as are created by Airejand not betwixt Hard Bodies) let it be
tried, in Speaking where a Bonfire is betweene ; But then you muk allow,
for fomedifturbance, the Woi/e that the Flame it felfe maketh, ;

Whether any other Liquonrs, being made Mediums, caufe a Diuer-
fity of Sound from Water, it may’ be tried: As by the Knapping of the
Tongs; Or Striking of the Bottome ofa veffell, filled either with Mike,

(Century. VII.
orwith Oyle ; which though they bemorelight, yet arethey more vn.
equall Bodies than Aire.

Of the Natures of the Mediums, we hase now /poken ; As for the Difpo-
fition of the aid Mediums, it doth com/if? im the Penning, or not Penning of
the Aire ; Of which we hane (pokem before, in the Title of Delation of
Sounds : it comfijfeth alfo in the Figure of the Concaue, through which it
palfech ; Of which we wsll (peake next.

How the Figures of Pipes, or Concaues, through which
Sounds palle ; Or of other Bodies deferent ; conduce to the
Varictie and Alteration of the Sounds; Either in ye of the
Greater Quantitie, or leffe Quantitie of Aire, which the Con-
caues receiue ; Or in refpect of the Carrying of Sounds longer
orfhorter way ; Orin refpect of many other Circumffances ;
they haue beene touched, as falling into other Tit/es. But
thofe Figures, which we now are to {peake of, wee intend to
be,asthey concerne the Lines, through which Sound paffeth;
As Straight ; Crooked ; Angular ;Circular ; &c.

The Figure ofa Bel pertaketh of the Pyramis, but yet comming off,
and dilating more faddenly. The Figare ofa Hunters Horne, and Cornet,
is oblique 5 yet they haue likew ile Straight Hornes ; which if they be of
the fame Bore with the Oblique, differ little in Sownd+; Saue that the
Straight require fomewhat a ftronger Blaft. The Figures of Recorders,
and Flates, and Pipes are ftraight; But the Recorder hath a leffe Bore,and
agreater; Aboue,and below. The Zrwmpet hath the Figure of the Letter
S : which maketh that Purling Sownd, &c, Generally, the Straight Line
hath the cleaneft and roundeft Soand, And the Crooked the more Hoarfe,
and Iarring.

Ofa Sinwows Pipe, that may hauc fome foure Flexions, Triall would
be made. Likewifle of a Pipe, made like a Cro//¢, open in the middeft,
And fo likewife of an Angular Pipe : And {ee what will be the Effects of
thefe feuerall Sounds. And fo againe of a Circular Pipe ; As if you take
a Pipe perfe& Round, and makea Hole whereinto you thall blow ; And
another Hole not farre from chat; But with a Tranerfe or Stop becweenc
them ; So that your Breath may goe the Round of the Circle, and come
forth atthe fecond Hole. You may trie likewilé Percu/sions of Solide
Bodies of feuerall Figures; As Globes, Flats, Cubes, Croffes, Triangles, &c.
And their Combinations ; As Flat againht Flat ; And Conwex againft Con-
wex; And Conuexapainit Flat, &c, And marke well the diuerfities of the
Sonnds, Tricalfothe difference in Sound of feuerall Crafsitudes of Hard
Bodies percufled ; And take knowledge of the diuerfities of the Sounds.
I my felfehaue tried, thata Bed of Gold yeeldeth an excellent Soand, not
inferiourtothat of Siler, or Brae, but rather better: yet wee fee shat a

13 peece

ee

Experiments
in Confort,
what the Fi-
gures of the
Pipes, or Con-
canes, orthe
Bodies Deferent
conduce tothe
Sounds.

221

222

2 ORE PEDE SEALE. hin a

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
| Mixture of
! Souads,

224

225

226

227

228

| Natural Fitfiory:

a ZLET. F

Lhe Harpe hath the Concaue, not along the Strings, but acroffe the
Strings ; And no lnfirument bath the Sound {o Melting, and Prolonged,
as the /rifp Harpe. Soas i{uppofe, thacif.a Yirginall were made with a
double Conc.we 5 the one ali the length as the Vérgimall hath; the other at
the End ofthe Strings, asthe Harpe hath ; Itmuftneeds make the Sennd
perfecter, ad not fo Shallow, and IJarring. You may trie it, without
any Sound Board along,but only Harpe-wife,at onc End of the Strings:
Or laftly with a double Concawe, at Each end of the Strings one.

There isan apparent Diuerfitie betweene the Species Vefible, and Audi-
ble,in this; That the ¥i/ible doth not mingle in the Medium, but the ~a-
dible doth. Forif wee looke abroad,wee fee Heauen, a number of Stars,

Trees, Hills, Men, Beafts, at once, And the Species of the one doth not
confoundthe other, But if fo many Sounds came from feuerall Parts,
one of them would vtrer!y confound the other. So wee fee, that Voices
or Con/orts of Muficke doe make an Harmony by Msxture, which Colours
doenot. Icis true neuerthelefle, that a great Light drownetha fimaller,
that it cannot be feene; As the Sanne that of a Gloworme ; as well asa
Great Souad drowneth a lefler. And I fuppofe likewile, chat if there
were two Lanthorns of Glaffe, the one a Crimfin, and the other an
Azure, and a Candle within either of them, thofe Coloured Lights
would mingle,and caft vypon a White Paper a Purple Colour. Andeuen
in Colours, they ycelda taintand weake Aéxture : For white walls make
Roomes more lightfome than blacke, &c. Butthe Caufe of the Canfu-
fen in Sounds, and the laconfufion in Species Vifible, is, For that the Sight
workethin Right Lines, and maketh feuerall Cones ; And fophere can be
no Coincidence in the Eye, or Vifuall Point : But Sownds, that moue in

Ob! que and Arcuate Lines, mult needs encounter, and difturbe the one

the other. ° )
The (weeteft and beft Harmony is, when euery Part, or Infirument, is
notheard by it felfe, but a Conflation of them all ; Which requireth to
ftand {ome diftance off, Euenas it is inthe Adixtwre of Perfumes; Orthe
Taking of the Smells of feuerall Flowers in the Aire, 42} 3)
The Difpofition of the Aire, inother Qualities, exceptit beioyned with
Sound, hath no great Operation ypon Soupds : For whether the Aire be
lighcfome or darke, hor or. cold, quiet or ftirring, (except it be wich
Note) {weet-{melling, or ftinking, or the like 5 itimporteth normuch:
Some petty Alteration or difference it may make, . a.
But Sounds doe difturbe and alter the one the other ; Sometimes the
one drowning theother, and making it not heard ; Somerimesthe one
larring and difcording with the other, and making a Confufion ; Some-
times che one Mingling and Compounding with the other, and making
an Harmony,» . t-sb]s 3h gee
Two Voices of like lowdneffe, willngt be heard, twice as farre, as we
o

peece of Money of Geld foundeth farre more flacthaa a peece of Money

|
|
'

Century DILYS

afthemalones; And two Candles of like light, will not make Things
feene twiceas farre off,as one, The Caufeis profound - Burit &ermeth
that the Jmprejsions trom the Obied#s of the Senfes, doe minzle refpecine-
ly,cuery one with his kinde; But not in proportion asisbefore demon-
trated: And the reafon may be, becaufe the fictt /mprefiton, which is
from Prisative to Aine, (As trom Silence to Nor/esor fiom Darkneffe to
Light,) isa greater Degrec, than from Lee Noife, to Mere\Noif2, or
from Leffe Light,to More Livbt, And the Reafon of that agamemay be;
For that the dire, after irhath receiued a Charge, doth nor receiue'a
Surcharge, or greater Charge, with like Appetite, as it doth the firft
Charge. Asfor the Encreafe of Vertue, generally, what Proportion it
beareth tothe Encreafe of theMatcer,it is a large Field and tobe hand-
led by it felfc.

All Reflexioms Concurrent doc make Sends Greater; But ifthe Bod y
that createth, either, the Originall Sowad,orthe Reflexion, be cleame and
fmooth, it maketh them Sweerer, Triall may be made of a Zute, or
Fill, with the Belly of polifhed Braffe, in ftead of Wood, We fee that
quen in the Open Aire, the Wire String is fweeter, than the String of
Guts. And we {ee that for Reflexion, Water excelleth ; As in Mafick neare
the Water; Or in Eccho's. A Sc) ao wae

~~ Athathbeene tried, thata Pipe a little moiftaed on the infide,but yet
{> as there be no Drops left, maketh a more folemne Sound, than it
che Pipe were dry : But yet with a {weet Degree of Stbilation,or Purling

Aswe touched it beforein the title of Equality. The Caufets, for thar

i Things Porous, being fuperficially wer, and (as it were Pbetweene
dry and wet,become a little more Buen'and § mooti ; Bur the Purling,
‘which muftneeds proceed of Inequality,) I take to be bred betweene
the§ noothneffe of the inward Surtaceof the Pipe, which is wet ; And
the Reft of the Wood of the Pipe, vnto which the Wet commeth nor,
autitremaineth dry, i . ary

In Frofty weather, Muficke within doores foundeth better, Which
nay be, by reafor:, norof the Difpofition of the Aire, but of the Wed
or String of the Infframent, which is made more Crifpe, and fo more
rous and hollow: And we fee that Old Lutes found better than Aew,
¢ the fame reafon. And fo doe Lute-strings that hauc beene kept

: Bik ;

there be Roomeenough for the Strings, ind Roome enouglt to play be-

low that Belly: Triall may be made‘!fo of an /rifh Harpe, witha c

caueon both Sides ; Wheras it vfetivto have it’ but on one Sidé, The

doubt may be, left it fhould make too much Refounding 3 wherby one

Note would ouertake another, 9° 7°" fmt 111

» ‘If you fing into the’ Hole of'a Drum, it maketh the S/abige more
{weet,’

| Sound is likewife Meliorated by the Mingling of open Aire with Pent |
Aire; Therefore Triallinay be made, of a Lute or Violl w.tha double}
Belly; Making another Belly with a Knot oucr the'Strings3 yet fo, as |

one |

Experiments
in Confort
touchin2 Me-
lievation of
Sounds.

129

230

231

232

233

64. | Naturall Fiftory:

fweet, And fo I conceiue it would, ifit were.a Song in Parts, fung into
feucrall Drums; And for handfomneffe and ftrangeneffe fake, it would
not be amiffe to haue a Curtaine berweene the Place where the Drams |
are,and the Hearers.

234 When a Sound is created in a Wind-Inffrument,betweene the Breath
and the Aire, yet if the Sound be communicate witl: a more equall Bo- |
dy of the Pipes it meliorateth the Sound, For (no doubt) there would be |
a differing Soundin a Trumpet,or Pipe of Wood ; And againe in a Tram-
pet ox Pipe of Braje, It were good to try Recorders and Hunters Horwes of
Braffe, what the Sound would be. .

235 Sounds arcmeliorated by the Jntenfion of the Senfe ; where the Com-
mon Senfe is collc&ted moft, to the particajar Senfe of Hearing, and the
Sight fufpended : And therfore, Sounds are {wecter, (as well as greater.)
in the Night, than in the Day; And Ifuppofe, they are {weeter to blinde
Men, than to Others: And it is manifett, that betweene Sleeping and
Waking, (when all the Semfes are boundand fufpended ) Muficke is farre
fiveeter, than when one is fully Waking.

Papeences: It isa Thing ftrange in Nature, when it is attentiuely confidered ; |

a the Imi. | Low Children, and fome Birds, learne to imitate Speech, They take no

tation of Sounds. | Marke (atall) of the Motion of the Mowth of Him that fpeaketh ; For

236 =| Birds are as well taught in the Darke, as by Light. The Sewnds of speech

are very Curious and Exquifite: So one would thinke it were a Leffon
hard tolearne. It is true, that it is done with time, and by little and lit-
tle, and with many Effayes and Proffers: But all this difchargeth not
the Wonder, It would make a Man thinke (though this which we hall |
fay may feeme exceeding ftrange) that there is fome Tran/mifiion of
Spirits 5 and that the Spirits of thé Teacher put in Motion, fhould worke |
with the Spirits of the Learner, a Pre-difpofition to offer to Jmi-
tate ; And {0 to perfect the Imitation by degrees. But touching Operati-
ons by Tran{mifsiens of Spirits, (which is one of the higheft Secrets in
Nature,) we hall fpeake in due place ; Chiefly when we come toen-
quire of Imagination, But as for Jwitation, it is certaine, that there is in
Men, and other Creatures, a predifpofition to Jmsitate. We fee how rea-
dy Apes and Monkies are, to émitate all Motions of Man; Andin the
Catching of Dottrells, we fee, how the Foolifh Bird playeth the Ape
in Geftures : And no Man (in effeét) doth accompany with others, but
he qatar he is aware.) fome Gefture,or Voice, or Fafhion of the
other,

237 | I Jmitation of Sounds,that Man fhould be the Teacher, is no Part of
the Matter; For Bsrds will learne one of another; And there is no Re-
ward, by feeding, or the like, ginen them fot the Zmstation; And befides,
you fhall hauc Parrots, that will not only émsitate Voices,but Laughing,
Knocking, Squeaking of a Doore vpon the Hinges,or ofa Cart-wheeles
And (in effeét) any other Noife they heare,

238 No Beaft can imitate the Speech of Man, but Birds onely ; Forthe Ape |}

it

(century. WT.

a
itfelfe,thatis fo ready to smitate otherwife, atraineth not any degree of

Imitation of Speech, Icis true, that I haue knowneaDog, chat ifone
howled in his Eare, he would fall a howling a great while. What fhould
be the Aptnefle of Bérds, in comparifon of Bea/?s, to imitate the Speech
of Mas, may be further enquired, We fee that Bea/s haue thofe Parts,
which they count the dnj/iraments of Speech,(as Lips, Teeth, 8c.) liker vr -
to Mam, than Birds.As for the Necke, by which the Téroat paffeths; we fee
many Beaffs haue it, for the Length, as much as Birds, Whatbetter
Gorge, ot Attire, Birds haue,may be further enquired. The Birds thatare
knowne to be Speakers, are, Parrots, Pyes, layes, Dawes, and Rawens, Of
which Parrots hauc an adunque Bill, but the reftnor,

But I conceiue, that the Aptse//e of Birds, is not fo much in the Con-
mitie of the Organs ot Speech, asin their Attention, For Speech mutt
come by A¢aring, and Learning ; And Bérds giue more heed, and marke
Sends, more than Beafis; Becaufe naturally they are more delighted
with them, and practife them more ; As appeareth in their Singing. We
feealfo, that thofe that teach Birds to fing, doe keepe them Waking, to
increafe their Assemtion. We {ce alfo, that Cock- Birds, among{t Singing-
Birds, are cuer the better Siagers ; which may be,becaufe they are more
lively, and liften more, .

Labour, and Intention to imitate voices, doth conduce much to Jmi-
tation: And therfore we fee, that there be certaine Pastomimi,that will
reprefent the voices of Players of Enterludes,fo to life,as if youfee them
not, you would thinke they were thofe Players themfelues ; And fo the
Voices of other Men that they heare, \

There haue beene fomes that could counterfeit the Dé/lancé of Voi-
ces, (which is a Secondary Object of Hearing,) in {uch fort; As when they
fland faft by you; you would thinke the Speech came froma farre off, in
a fearefull manner. How this is done, may be further enquired, But I
fee no great vic of it, but for Impofture, in counterfeiting Ghofts or
Spirits,

There be three Kindes of Reflexions of Sounds, A Reflexi-
on Concurrent ; A Reflexion Iterant, which we call Eccho; And
a Super-reflexion,or an Eccho uf an Eccho,wherof the firft hath
beene handled in the Title of Magnitnde of Sounds: The Lat-
ter two we will now Ipeakeof. .),

The Reflexian of Species Vifible, by Mirrowrs, you may command; Be-
caufe pafling in Right Lines, they may beguided toany Point: Butthe
Reflexion of Sounds is hard to mafter; Becaufe the Sound filling great
Spaces in Arched Lines,cannotbe fo guided: And therfore we fee there

hathnot beene practifed, any Meanestomake Artificiall Eecho's; And
no Eccbo already knownereturneth ina very narrowRoome, |.

The Naturall Eccho's aremade vpon W4ls, Woods; Rockes, Hills, and
| Banckes; As for Waters, being neare, they make a Concurrent Eccho; But
being

eee

239

240

241

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Reflexion of
Sounds.

242

243

t

66

244

245

246

247

248

Neaturall Hiftory :

being further off,(as vpona large Réner) they make an Jteramt Eecho:For
there is no difterencebetweenc the Concurrent Eccho, and the Iterant,but
the Quickneffe, or Slowneffe of the Returne. But there isno doubr,but
Water doth helpe the Delatios of Eecho; as well as it helpeth the Delaté-
on of Original Sonnds,

It is certaine, (as hath beene formerly touched,) thatif you fpeake
thorow a Truncke, topped at the further end, you fhall finde a Blaft re-
turne vpon your Mouth,but no Sowsd atall, The Can/e is, for that the
Clofeneffe, which preferueth the Origsnall,is not able to preferue the Re-
flected Sound:Befides that Echo's are {eldom created,but by loud Sowmds,
And therfore thereis leflehope of Artificiall Eccho'sin Aire, pent in a
narrow Concauc, Neuertheleffe it hath beene tried, that One leaning
ouer a Well, of 25, Fathome deepe, and fpeaking, though but foft-
ly, (yet not fo foft asa whifper,) the Water returned a good Audible Ec-
cho. It would be tried, whether Speaking in Cawes, where there isno I
fue, faue where you {peake, will not yeeld Eccho's, as Wells doe,

The Ecche commeth as the Original Sound doth, ina Round Orbe o
Aire: Itweregood ro try the Creating of the Eccho, where the Body
Repercuffing maketh an Angle: As againft the Returneof a Wall, |.
&c. Alfowe fee that in Mirronrs, there is the like Angle of Incidence,
from the Obie:t to the Glaffe, and from the Glaffe to the Eye, And if

ou firike a Ball fide-long, not full vpon the Surface, the Rebound will
be as much the contrary way ; Whether there be any fuch Refiléence in
Eccho’s, (that is, whether a Man fhall heare better, if he ftand afide the
Body Repercuffing, than if he ftand where he fpeaketh, orany wherein
aright Line betweene ;) maybe tried, Triall likewife would bemade,
by Standing nearer the Place of Repercuffing, than he that fpeaketh;
And againe by Standing further off, than hee that fpeaketh; And fo
Knowledge would be taken, whether Eecho’s, as well as Original Sounds,
be not ftrongeft neare hand,

There be many Places, where you fhall hearea Number of Eecho's,
one after another: And itis, whenthereis Variety of Hills, or Woods,
fomenearer, fome further off: So that the Returne from the further,be-
ing laft created, willbe likewifelaft heard, ;

As the Voice goeth round, as well towards the Backe, as towards the
Front of him that {peaketh ; So likewife doth the Zecho; For you haue
many Back-Eccho's to the Place where you ftand.

To make an Eeche, that will report, three, or foure, or fiue Words,
'diftinGly, itis requifite, thatthe Bedy Repercafiing, be a good diftance
| off: Forif it beneare, and yetnot {o neare, as to make a Concarrent Ec-
_ sho, it choppethwith you vpon the fudden, Icis requifite likewife,that

the Aire benot much pent, For Aire,ata great diftance, pest, worketh

the fameeffeet with Aire, at large, in a finall diftance, And therefore in

the Triall of Speaking in the Well, though the well was deepe, the Paice»

ee ; faddenlys And would beare the Report bur of two
ords,

For

———_--- —__- — —

For Eeche's vpon Eccho’s, there is arare Inftance thereof in a Place,
which] will now exactly defcribe, Itis fome three or foure Miles fiom
Paris, neerea Towne called Pomt-charenton ; And fome Bird-bolr thot,
or more, fromthe River of Sease, The Roome is a Chappell, ar {mall
Church. The Wallsall ftanding, both at the Sides, andatthe Ends. Two
Rowes of Pillars, after the manner of Ifles of Churches, alfo ftanding ;
The Roofeall open, not fo muchasany Embowment neereanyof the
walls left. There was againft euery Pillar, a Stacke of Billets, abowe a
Mans Height ; which the Watermen, that bring Wood downe the
Seane, in Stacks, and not in Boats, laid there (as it feemeth) for their
tafe, Speaking at the one End, I did heare it returne the Voice thirteene
feuveral] times ; And] haue heard of others, that it would reétutne {ix-'
teene times : For I was there about three of the Clocke in the After-
noone: And itis beft, (as all other Zecho's are) in the Evening. Itisma-
nifeft, thavit is not Eecho’s from feuerall places, but a To/iing of the Voice,
as a Ball, to and fro ; Like to Reflexions in Looksng-gla/fes ; where if you
place one Gla/e before, and another behinde, you ihall fee the Gla/e be-

before in that; and divers fuch Saper-Reflexions, till the (pecies (peciet at
laftdie. For it is euery Returne weaker,and more fhady. In like manner,
the Voice in that Chappell, createth /Peciems /pecéei, and maketh fucceeding
wper-Reflexions ; For itmelteth by degrees, and euery Reflexion is wea-
kerthan the former : Sothat, if you {peake three Words, it will (per-
haps) fome three times report youthe whole three Words ; And then
the two latter Words for fome times ; And then the la(t Word alone for
fometimes ; Still fading, and growing weaker, And whereas in E¢cho's
one Returne, itis much to heare foure or fine Words ; In this Eecho
- fo many Retumes, vpon the matter, you heare aboue twenty Words,
or three.

The like Echo vpon Ecche, but only with two Reports, hath beene
obferued to be, if you ftandbetweene a Hou/e, and a Hill, and lure to-
wards the Hil. For the Hox/e will gine a Backe-Eecho ; One taking it |
from the other, and the latter the weaker.

There ate certaine Letters, thac.an Ecche will hardly expreffe.; As J,
}forone; Efpecially being Principiallina Word. I remember well, that
when I went tothe Ecchoat Pont-Charenton, there was an Old Parifian,
that tooke it to be the Worke of Spirits, and of good Spirits. For, (faid
he) call Saras, and the Eecbo will not deliuer backe the Deuils name ; Bit
| will fay, Vat’ en; Which isas much in French, as Apaze, or -Ancid, And

thereby I did hap to finde, thatan Eccho would not returne.S, being but
aHifling and an Imterionr Sound, Lng

Eecho’s axe ome more fudden, and chopagaine, as fooneas the Voice
is delivered; As hath beene partly faid: Others are more deliberate,that
is, givemore Space betweene the Foice,and the Eccho; whichiscaufed by
thelgcall Neareneffe, or Diftance : Some will report a longer Traine of
Words; And fomea fhorter: Some more loud (full asloud as the Ori-

K inall,

— Century LU, a

249

hinde with the Jmage, within the Gla/fe before ; And againe, the Gla/fe |

250

“51

252

68 | Naturall Hiftory:

ginal, and fometimes more loud; ) And fome weaker and fainter,

253 Where Eecho's come from feuerall Parts, at the fame diftance, they
muft needs make (as it were) a Quite of Eecho's, and fo make the Report.
greatersand euen a Continued Eccho ; which you fhall finde in fome Hills,|
that ftand encompafied, Theater-like. S51

254 It doth not yet appeare, that there is Refraction in Sounds, aswellasin
Species Vifible, For Ldoe not thinke,that ifa Sound fhould pafle through|
| diners Mediums, (as Aire, Cloth, Wood) it would deliver the Sound, ina
differing Place, from that vnto whichitis deferred ; which is the Proper
Effect of Refraction, But Maioration, which is alfothe Worke of Refra-
étion, appeareth plainly in Sounds, (as hath beenc handled at full; ) But
itis not by Diuerfitie of Mediums.

Experiments ser We haue obiter, for Demonftrations fake, vfed in diuers
olo = 1 « . * .

ching the cox- | Infbances, the Examples of the Sight, and Things Vifible, to il-
eee luftrate the Nature of Sounds. But weethinke good now to:

bles & Audibles./ nr ofecute that Compari/on more fully.

CONSENT OF VISIBLES, |

and Audibles, |

255 Othof them fpread thersfelnes in Rowwd, and filla whole Floare or.
Bo vnto certaine Limits : And are carried a great way : And
doe languith and leffen by degrees, according to the Diftance of

the Obieéts from the Senfories. !

256 Both of them haue the whole Species in enery /mall Portion of the dire;
or Medium; So as the Species doe pafle through {mall Crannies, without
Confufion: As we fee ordinarily in Levels, as to the Eye ; Andin Crap-

nies, or Chinks, as to the Sound. if

257 Bothof them are of a fudden and eafie Generation and Delation ; And
likewife perifh /wiftly, and fuddenly ; Asif youremoue the Light 5 Or

touch the Bodies that giuethe Sound. ;

258 Both of them doe receine and carry exquifite and accurate Differences;
As of Colours, Figures, Motions, Diftances, in Pifibles ; And of Arichl

late Voices, Tones, Songs, and Quaverings,in Awdibles, 5 |

259 Both ofthem in their Vertue and Working,doe not appeate to emit any
Corporall Subflance into their Mediums, or the Orbe of their Vertue ;

Neither againe to raife or ftirre any enident locall Motion in theit Medinms,
as they pafle ; But only to carry certaine Spiritwall Species 5 The perfe&
Knowledge of the Canfe whereof, being hitherto {carcely attained, wee

fhall earch and handle in due place. ort:

260 Both of them {eeme not to generate or produce any other Effcét iw Na-

bares

1
LLL

at er. 3 Gee oa “an

(Century. VEL. 69
tare, but fach as appertaineth co their proper Odiects, and Senfes;and
are otherwift Barren.

But Both of them in their owne proper Action,doe worke three ma-
nifeft Efe#s. The Firft, in tharche Stronger Speciesdrowneth the Le/jer ;
As the Lightofthe Sunne, the lightof a Glow-worme; The Report of
an Ordnance,the Voice: The Second, in thatan Obiec? of Surcharge or
Exce(fe deftroyeth the Senfe; As the Light of the Sunne the Eye, a vio-
lent Sound (neare the Eare) the Hearing : The Third,in that both of thems
will be reuerberate; Asin Mirrours; And in Eccho’s,

Neither ofthem doth deftrey or hinder the Species of the other,a\chough
they encosater in the fame Medium; As Light or Colour hinder not
Sound; Nor é contra,

Both of them affect the Senfein Lining Creatures, and yeeld Obiec?s of
Pheafure and Diflike : Yet neuertheleffe, the Obseé#s of them doe alfo (if
it be well obferued) affea and worke vpon dead Things ; Namely,fuch
as haue fome Conformity with the Organs of the two Senfes ; As Vifibles
werke ypon a Looking-gla//é, which is like the Pupill of the Eye 5 And
Asdiblesvpon the Places of Ecche,which refemble,in fome fort,the Ca-
uerneand ftructure of the Eare,

Both of them doe diner|ly worke,as they haue their Medium diuer|ly dif-
pofed, Soa Trembling Medium (as Smoake) maketh the Obiect feeme
totremble; and a Rifing or Falling Afediwm (as VVinds) maketh the
Sounds torife,or fall. :

To Both, the Mediums, which is the moft Propitious and Conduci-
ble, is Aires For Glaffe or Water, &c, arenot conipatable.

‘In Both of them, where the Object is Fine and Accarate, it conduceth
mueh to haue the Sen/é Intentine, and Ereé ;1n fo muchas you contract
your Eye, when you would fee fharply ; And ere& your Eare, when
you would heare attentiuely ; which in Beafts thathaue Eares mouca-
ble, is moft manifeft,

The Beames of Light, when they are mulsiplyed, and conglomerate,gc-
nerate Heatswhich is a different Action, from the Aétion of Sight:And
the Multiplication and Conglemeration of Sounds doth generate an ex-
treme Rarefaction of the Aire; which isan Aion materiate, differing
from the Action of Sound; If itbe true (which is anciently reported)
_ that Birds, with great fhouts; haue fallen downe,

261

262

263

364

265

2.66

267

.

K 2 DIS-

7.0 | | Natirall Hiftory :

DISSENTS OF VISIBLES,
and Audibles.

268 Te Species of Vifibles feeme tobe Emifsions of Beawes from the
obieét feene ; Almoft like Odours ; faue that they are more Ins
corporeall : But the Species of Andibles {eeme to Participate

more with Locall Motion, like Percufiiens or Imprefions made vpon the
Aire. So that whereas all Bodies doe feeme to worke in two manners s
Either by the Communication of their Natwres ; Or by the Lmprefiions and
Signatures of their Motions; The Diffusion of Species Vifible feemeth to
participate more of the former Operation ; and the Species Awdéble of the
latter.

269 The Species ot Audibles feeme to be carried more manifeftly thorow
the Aire, than the Species of Vifibles : For (Iconceiue) thata Contrary
ftrong Wind will notmuch hinder the Sight of 7ifibles, as it will doc
the Hearing of Sowmds.

270 There is one Difference, aboucall others, betweene Fifibles and An-
dibles, that is the moft remarkable; As that wherupom many {maller
Differences doe depend: Namely, that Yéfibles, (‘except Lights,) are
carried in Right Lines; and Audibles in Arcuase Lives, Hence it commeth
to paffe, that ¥#/ibles doe not intermingle, and confound one another,
as hath beene {aid before ; But Sowwds doc. Hence it comineth, that the
Solidity of Bodies doth not much hinder the Sight, fothatthe Bodies
becleare; and the Pores in a Right Line,'asin Glaffe, Cryftall, Dia-
monds, Water, &c, But a thin Scarfe, or Handkerchiefe, though they
be Bodies nothing fo folide, hinder the Sight : Whereas (contrariwife)
thefe Porous Bodies doe not muchhinder the Hearing, but folide Bo-
dies doealmoft ftop it, or at theleaft attenuate it. Hence alfo it com-
meths that to the Reflexion of Fifibles, finall Glafies fuffices but to the
Rewerberation of Andibles, arcrequired greater Spaces, as hath likewife
beenefaid before, ~ ene rete

271 Vifibles are feenc further off, than Sowmds are heard ; Allowing ne-
uertheleffe the Rate of their Bigne/fe:For otherwife a great Send willbe
heard further off, than a Sma Body {eene.

272 Vifibles require (generally) fome Diffance betweene the Obied#, and

the Eye, to bee better feene; Wheras in Audibles, the nearer the Ap-
proch of the Sond is to the Senfe, the better, But in this theremay be
a double Errour, The one, becaufe to Seeing, there is required Light ;
And any thing that toucheth the Pupill of the Eye (all ouer,) excludeth
the Light,For I haue heard ofa Perfon very credible,(who himfelfe was
cured of a Gatara@t in one ofhisEyes, ) that while the Siluer Needle
did worke vpon the Sight of hisEye, to remoue the Filme ofthe Cata-

ract,
il

(Ceatury. VIL)

raét, he neuer faw any thing more cleareor perfect, than that white
Needle: Which (no doubr,) was, becanfe the Needle was lefler than
the Papill of the Eye,and fo tooke nor the Light from it, The other Er-
rourmay be, for that the Obied# of Sight doth ftrikewpon the Pupil o
the Bye, directly without any interception; wheras the Canéof the Eare
doth hold off the Sound a littlefrom the Organ: And fo neuerthelefle
there is forme Diffance required in both. .

Pifibles arc {wiftlier carried to the Senfe, than Audibles; As appea-
cethia Thunder and Lightning ; Flame and Report of a Peece ; Moti-
oni of the Aire in Hewing of Wood. Allwhich hauc beene fet downe
heretofore, but are proper for this Title,

Léonceiue alfo, that the Species of Audibles doe hang longer in the
Aire, than thole of Wifibles: For although cuen thofe of Fifibles, doe
hang fome time, as we fee in Riggs tarned, that fhew like Spheres ; In
Lute-ftrings fillipped, A Fire-brand caried along which leaueth a Traine
of Light behinde it; and in the Twilight ; And the like: Yet I conceiue
that ftaylonger, becaufe they are carried vp and downe with
the Winde: And becanfe of the Diftance of the Time, in Ordnance dif-
charged, and heard twenty Miles off.

- [a Pifibles, there are not found Obiects fo odious and ingrate to the
Senfe,as in Andibles, For foule Sights doe rather difpleafé, in that they
te the Memory of foule Things, than in the immediate Obieas,
And therefore in PsdFures,thofe foule Sights doe normuch offend; But
it 4udibles,the Grating of aSaw, when it is tharpned, doth offend fo
much, as irfetteth the Teeth on Edge."And any ‘of the bar/h Difcords
int Muficke,che Bare doth ftraight-waies refute.
lavifibles; after great Light, if you come fuddenly into the Darke;
Or contrariwife, out of the Darke into'a Glaring light, the Eye is dazled
for atime, and the Sight confufed; Bur whether any fuch Efteét be af-
ter great Sumas, or atter 4 deepe Silence, may be better enquired, It is an
old Tradition, thatthofe that dwell neare the Cataracts of Néfus, are
ftriicken deafe: Burt we finde no fach effec, in Cannoniers, nor Mil-
lers;nor thofethat dwell vpon Bridges, | s
+}tfeemeth that the Imprefton of Colour is {0 weake,as it worketh not
but by a Cone of Direct Beames, or Right Lines ; wherof the Bafis is in
the Obie@, and the Vertical! Point in the’ Eye; So as there is a Corta-
diation and Coniundtion of Beames; And thofe Beames fo fent forth,yet
arenot of any force to beget thie like borrowed or fecond Beammes,cx-
ceptit beby Reflexion, wherofwe fpeake not. For the Beames paffe,and
gine little Tinéture to that'Ajre, which is Adiacent ; which if they did,
we fhould fee Colawrs our of aRight line, Butas this is in Colours, fo c-
therwife it is in the Body of Light, For when there is a Skreene between
the Candle andthe Eye, yer the Zight paffeth to the Paper wheron One
writeth; Sothat the Lightisfeenc, where the Body of the Flame is not
feene; And where any Coloar (if it were placed where the Body of the
Flame is) would not be feene, Tiudge that Sound is of this Lateer Na-
yOu ture:

)

71

273

274

275

276

477

| 72 Ss NCaturall Fiiftory :

ture: Forwhen two are placed on both fides of a Wall, and the Voice
is heard, iudge it isnot onclythe Originall Sound, which paficthin an
Arched Line ; But the Sound, which paffeth aboue the Wall in a Right
Line, begetteth the like Motion round about it, as the firit did, though
more weake,

ene All Concords and Difcords of Muficke,are, (no doubt, ) sympathies,
ee oem and Aatipathies of Sounds. And fo (likewife) in that Mwficke, which we
Sywpatly or | call Broken Muficke, or Confort Muficke ; Some Conforts of Jofiruments are
conki'y of | fweeterthan others; (A Thing not fufficiently yet obferued :) As the
eianother: Irifh Harpe, and Bafe Vial agree well: The Recorder and Stringed Mufick

278 agreewell: Organs and the Voice agree well; &c. But the Virginallsand
the Lute; Or the Welch-Harpe, and Irifb-Harpe; Or the Voice and Pipes
alone, agree not fo well ; But for the AMelioration of Muficke, there is yet
much left (in this Point of Exquifite Cenforts) to try and enquire,

279 There is a Common Obferuation, that if a Zwte, or Viall, be layed
vpon the Backe, witha fmal! Straw vpon one of the Strings ; And ano-
ther Lute or Yéall be laid by it; And in the other Lute or Viall, the Ynifon
to that String be ftrucken ; it will make the String moue; Which will
appeare both to the Eye, and by the StrawesFalling off. The like will
be, if the Déapa/on or Eight to that String be ftrucken, either in the fame
Lute,or Viall,ox in others lying by ; But in none of thefé there is any Re-
port of Sowsd, that. can be difcerned, but onely Motion, .

280 It was deuifed, that a ¥ial fhouldhauea Lay of Wire Strings be-

| low,as clofe to the Belly,as a Zate;And then the Strings of Guts moun-
ted vpon a Bridge,as in Ordinary Yéalls ; To the end,that by this means,
the vpper Strings ftrucken, fhould make the lowerrefoun by Sympathy,
and {o make the Atuficke thebetter; Which, if it be to purpofe; then
Sympathy worketh, as well by Report of Sound, as by Motion. But this
deuice I conceiue to be of no vfe; becaufe the vpper Strings, whichare
ftopped in great variety,cannot maintaine a Diapa/on or Vaifonwith the
Lower, which are neuer ftopped, But if it fhould be of vfe atall ; ir muft
be in Jn/Pramemts which haue no Stops sas Firginalls, and Harpes; wherin
triall may be made of two Rowes of Strings, diftant the one from the
other,

281 | The Experiment of Sympathy may be transferred (perhaps) from Ja-

| firuments of Strings, to other Inffruments of Sonnd. -Asto try if there
were in one Steeple, two Bells of Ynifon, whether the ftriking of the one
would moue the other, more than if it were another Accord: Andfo
in Pipes, ( if they be of equall Bore, and Sousd,) whether a little Straw
or ae would moue in the one Pipe, when the other is blowneat an
Vasz(on,

282 It feemeth, both in Eare, and Bye, the Jn/frument of Senfe hath a
Sympathy or Similitude with that which giueth the Reflexion; ( Ashath
beene touched before.) For asthe Sight of the Eyeis like a Cryftall, or
Glaffe, or Water; So is the Bare a finuons Cane, witha hard hie to

fto

tt

73

——— a,

Century. Iil.

—————————

ftopabd reverberate the Seawd: Which is like to the Places that re-
port Eccho's.

When a Man Yawaeth, he cannot Heare fowell, The Cas/é is, for
that the Membrane of the Eare is extended ; And forather cafteth off
the Sousd, chan draweth itto,

We Heare better when we held oar Breath, than contrary ; In fo
much as in all Liftening to attaine a Sound a farre off, Men hold their
Breath, The Caw/e is,For thatin all Expiration,the Motion is Outwards;
And therefore, rather driueth away the voice, than draweth it: And
befides we fee, that'in all Zebowr to doc things withany ftrength, we
hold the Breath : And liftening after any Sound, that is heard with diffi-
culty, isa kinde of Leboar.

Let it be trycd, for the Helpe of the Hearing, (and I conceiue it like-
ly to fucceed,) to make an Jnfirwment like a Tannell; The narrow Part
whereof may be of the Bigneflt of the Hole ofthe Eare ; And the Broa-
der End muchlarger, like a Bell at the Skirts; And the length halfe a
foot, ormore. And let the narrow End ofitbe fet clofe ro the Earev:
And marke whether any Sound, abroad in the open Aire, will not be
heard diftin¢t!y, from further diftance, than without that Inftrument;
being (as it were) an Eare-Spectacle, And I hauc heard there is in Spaiae,
an Infframent in vie tobe ferto the Eare, that helpeth fomewhat thofc
that aré Thicke of Hearing. +5)

Tf the Mouth be fhut clofe, neuerthelefle thete is yeelded by the
Roofe of the Mouth, a Murmur, Such as isyfed by dumbe Men : But if
the Noftrills be likewife ftopped,no fuch Murmur can be made ; Except
it be inthe Bottome of the Pallate towards the Throat, Whereby it ap-

areth manifeftly, that a Sound in the Mouth, except fuch as afore-
faid, if the Month be Ropped, paffeth from the Palate , thorow the
Noftrills.

‘The Repercufion of Sounds, (which we call Eeche,) is a great Argu-
ment of the Spiritual E/fence of Sounds. For ifitwere Corporeall, the Re-
percuffion fhould be created in the fame maner,and by like Znfiruments,
withthe Originall Sound : But we fee what a Number of Exgus/ite Lnfiru-
ments mutt concurre in Speaking of Words, whereof there isno fuch
Matter in the Returning of them ; Butonely a plaine Stop, and Reper-

Experiments
in Conferr,
touching the
Hindring or
Helping of tha
Hearing.

283
2$4

285

286

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Spiritual and
Fine Nature of
Sounds.

287

TheExquifice Differences of Articulate Sounds, carried along inthe} 288
Aire,{hew that they cannot be Signatures ox Jmprefions in the Aire, as
hath beene well refuted by the Ancients,For it is true, that Seales make
excellen Impreffions : And fo it may be thought of Sounds in their firtt
Generation: But then the Delation and Continnance of them without any | .
new Sealing, fhew apparently they cannot be Impreffions,
All Sounds arc fuddenly made, and doe fuddenly perifhs But nei-| 289
ther that, nor the Exquifite Differences of them, is Matter of fo great
Admiration : For the Quauerings,and WWarblings in Lutes,and Pipes,

are F
eet es

290

Lisrall Hi ory:
Ng

are as {wifts And the Longue, (whichisno very fine Inftrument,) doth
in Speech, make no fewer Motions, than there be Letters in allthe
Words, whichare vetered. But that Sounds fhould not onely be fo
{peedily generated, Dut carried {0 farre euery way, in fiuch a momenta-
ny time,deferuech more Admiration. As for Example ; If aManftand
in the middle of a Field, and {peake aloud, he fhall be heard a Furlong
inround; And that fhall be in Articulate Sounds, And thofe {hall be
Entire in euery little Portion of the Aire ; And this fhall be done in the
Space of leffe thana Minute, ;

The Sudden Generation and Perifbing of Sounds, mult be one of thefe
two Waies, Either that the dire fuffereth fome Force by Sound, and
then reftoreth it felfe ; As Water doth; Which being diuided,maketh
many Circles, till itreftore it felfe to the naturall Confiftence : Or o-
therwife, that the Aire doth willingly imbibe the So#ad as gratefull,but
cannot maintaineit;For that the Aire hath (as it {hou!d feeme) a fecret
and hidden Appetite of Receiuing the So#mdat the frit; Burthen o-
ther Grofle and more Materiate Qualities of the Aire {traightwaies
fuffocate it; Like vnto Flame, whichis generated wich Alacrity, but
ftraight quenched by the Enmity of the ére,or other Ambient Bodies,

There be thefe Differences (in general) by which Sounds
are diuided; 1. Muficall, Immuficall; 2. Treble, Bafe; 3. Flat,
Sharpe ; 4. Soft, Loud; 5. Exteriour,Interiour ; 6. Cleane, Harfb
or Purling ; 7. Articulate, Inarticulate,

We haue laboured (as may appeare,) in this Inquifition of
Sounds diligently; Both becaufe Sound is one of che moft Hid-
den Portions of Nature, (as we faid in the beginning :) And
becaufe it is a Vertue which may be called Incorporeall,and

| Itamateriate; wherof thete bein Nature but few. Befides,we

| were willing, (now in thefe our firlt Centuries, to make a Pat-
terne or Prefident of an Exact Inquifition; And we fhall doe
thelike hereafter in fomeother Subiects which requireit, For
we defire that Men fhould learne and perceiue, how {euere a
Thing thetrue Inquifition of Natureis; And fhould accu-
{tome themfelues, by the light of Particulars, to enlarge their
Mindes, to the Amplitude of the World, And not reducethe
Worldtothe Narrownefle of their Mindes.

Metalis giue Orient and Fine Colours in Diffolutions ; As Gold gineth
ant

a

Century, LT.

an excellent Yellow ; Quick-Silwer an excellent Greene; Tinne giueth
an excellent Azure ; Likewife in their Pusrefactions, or Ru/is ; As
Vermilion, Verdegresfe, Bife, Cixrus, &c, And likewife in their Vitrifica-
tions, The Can/e is, for tharby their Strength of Body, they are able
ro endure the Fire, or Strong Waters, and to be put into an Equal!
Pofture; And againe toretaine Part of their principal Spirits Which
two Things, (Equall Pofture, and Quicke Spirits) are required chiefe-
ly, tomake Colowrs lightfome.

It conduceth ynto Long Life, and to the more Placide Motion of
the Spirits, which thereby doe leffe prey and confume the Luyce of
the Body; Either that Afems ACTious bee free and voluntary; Thatno-
thing bee done Jmwitd Minerua, but Secundum Genium: Or onthe
other fide, that the AGions of Men bee full of Regulation , and Com-
mands wishin themfelues : For then the Vi&tory and Performing of
the Command, giucth a good Difpofition to the Spirits ; Efpeci-
ally if there bee a Proceeding from Degree to Degree ; For then
the Senfe of Victory is the greater, Anexample of the former of thefe,
is ina Countrey life; And of thelatter,in Momkes and Philofopbers,and
fuch as doe continually enioyne themfelues,

Jt is certaine, that in all Bodies, there is an Appetite of Vuion,
and Euitation of Solution of Continuity : And of this Appetites
there bee many Degrees; But the moft Remarkable, and fit to bee
diftinguifhed, are three. The firlt in Liquors; The fecond in Hard
‘Bedies: And the third in Bodtes Cleauing or Tenacious, In Liquours,
this Appetite is weake: WVec fecin Liquours , the Thredding ot them
in Stillicides, ( as hath beene faid;) The Falling of them in Round
Drops, (which is the forme of Vasen;) And the Staying of them,
for a little time, in Bubbles and Froth, In the fecond Degree or
Kinde, this Appetite is ftrong; As in Iron, in Stone, in Woed, &c, In
the third, this Appetite is in a Mediwm betweenethe othertwo: For
fuch Bodies doe partly follow the Touch of another Body ; And
partly flicke and continue to themfelues; And therefore they roape,
and draw themfelues in Threds ; As wee fee in Pitch, Glew, Bira-
lime, &c. But note, that all al are Cleawing, more or leffe:

And that they loue better the. of fomewhar that is Tangible,
than of Aire, For Water, in fmall quantity , cleaueth to any Thing
that isSolide; And fo would Metall toc, if the weight drew itnot off.
And therfore Gold Foliate, or any Metall Foliate, cleaucth: Butthofe
Bodies which are noted tobee Clammy, and Cleauing, are fuch, as
haue a more indifferent Appetite ( at once, ) to follow another Bo-
dy; And to hold to Themfelues. And therefore they are common-
ly Bodées ill mixed; And which take more pleafure in a Forraine

Boay,

75

ching the Ors-

ent Colaurs, in
diffolution of
Metals.

291

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Prolonga-
tion of Life.

292

Expertment
Solitary tou-
ching Appetite
of Vaion in Bo-
dics.

293

76

Experiment
Solitary tou-

| ching the like
Operations of
Heat,and Tiwie.

294

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the diffe-
ring Opcrations
of Five, and
Time.

295

Experiment

Solitary rou-

ching Mot.ons
» _ | by Imation.

296

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Infetti-
ous Difeafes.

297

Naturall Hiftory :

Pa Data A
Body, than in preferuing their owne Con/istences And which haue lit:
tle predominance in Drought, or Meifture.

Time, and Heat, are Fellowes in many Effeéts. Heat drieth Bo-
dies, that doe eafily expire; As Parchment, Leaues, Roots, Clay,
&c. And, fo doth Zime or Age arefie; As in the fame Bodies, &c,
Heat diflolueth and melteth Bodies , that keepe in their Spirits; As
in diuers Liquefactions; And fo doth Time, infome Bodies of a fof-
ter Confiftence : As is manifeft in Honey, which by Age waxcth more
liquid; And the like in Sugar; And fo in old Oyle, which is ever
tnore cleare, and more hot in Medicinable vfe. Heat caufeth the
Spirits to {earch fome Iffue out of the Body; As in the Volatility of
Metals ; And {0 doth Time;As in the Ruff of Metalls, But generally Heat
doththac in {mall time, which ge doth in long,

Some Things which paffe the Fire are fofteft at firft, and by
Time grow hard; As the Crumme of Bread, Some are harder
when they come from the Fire, and afterwards giue againe, and
grow foft, as the Cruft of Bread , Bisker, Sweet Meats, Salt, &c.
The Canfe is, for that in thofe things which waxe Hard with Tiawe, the
Worke of the Fire is a Kinde of Meltemg: And in thofe that waxe
Soft with Time, (contrariwife, ) the worke of the Fre is a Kinde
of Bakeng; And whatfocuer the Fire baketh, Zime doth in fome degree
diffolue.

Motions paffe from one Man toanother, not fo much by Exciting
Imagination; as by Inuitation ; Efpecially if there be an Aptneffle or
Inclination before, Therefore Gaping, or Yawning , and Stretching
doe paffe from Manto Man ; For that that caufeth Gaping and Stret-
ching is, when the Spirits are a little Heauy, by any Vapour , or the
like, For then they ftriue, (as it were,) to wring out, and expell that
which loadeth them, So Men drowzy, and defirous to fleepe; Orbe-
fore the Fit of an Ague;doe vfe to Yawne and Stretch; And doe
likewife yeeld a Voice or Sound, which is an Interiection of Expulfion :
So thatif another be apt and prepared to doe the like, he followeth by
the Sight ofanother. So the Laughing of another maketh to Laagh.

There be fome knowne niet Infectious ; And Others
thavare not. Thofe that are Jnfeéfiows, are; Firft, fuch as are chiefly
in the Spirits, and not fo much in the Hamoars; And therefore ‘paffe
eafily from Body to Body: Such are Peffilences, Lippitudes, and fuch
like, Secondly, fuch as Taiat the Breath; Which wee fee paffeth ma-
nifeftly from Man to Man ; And not inuifibly, as the 4ffedts of the
Spirits doe: Such are Confumptions of the Langs, &c, “Thirdly, fucti
as comeforth to the Skiane; And therefore taint the Afre, or the Body
Adiacent,

(century. U1.

Adjacent ; E{pecially if they confift in an Vn@uous Subftance , not
apt to diffipate ; Such are S¢abs, and Leprosfie, Fourthly, fuch as are
meertly in che Hwmowrs, and not inthe Spiriss, Breath, or Exbalations :
And.therefore they neuer infect, but by Touch onely; And fuch a Touch
alfo, as commeth within the Mpiderwus; As the Venome of the French
Poxe ; And the Biting of a Mad Dog,

Moft Powders gtow more Clofe and Coherent by Méxture of Wa-
ter, than by Mixture of Oyle, though Oyle be the thicker Body ; As
Meale; &c. The Reafon is the cy of Bodies ; which if it be
more, maketh a Perfecter Imbibition, and Incorporation; Which in
moft Powders is more betweene Them and Water, than betweene Them
and Oyle: But Painters Colewrs ground, and 4/bes, doe better incorpo-
rate with Oy/e,

Much Motien and Exercifé is good for fome Bodies; And Sitting,
and Jefe Motion for Others. lf the Body be Hot,and Void of Superfluous
Moiftures,too much Moties hurteth:And it is an Errour in Phy/itians, to
calltoomuch vpon Exercife.Likewife Men ought to beware, that they
wie not Exercife,and a Spare Diet both:But if much Exersé/é,then a Plen-
tifull Diet;And if Sparing Diet, then little Exercife. The Benefits that come
of Exercife are, Firft, thatit {endeth Nowrifhment into the Parts more
forcibly. Secondly, shat it helpeth to Excciuc by Sweat, and fo maketh
‘the Parts affimilate the more perfectly. Thirdly,that it maketh the Swb-
ance of the Bedy more Solide and Compact ; And {fo leffe apt to be Con-
fumed and Depredated by the Spsrits, The Ewélls that come of Exer-
cife, are: Firft, thatit maketh the Spirits more Hotand Predatory. Se-
condly, that it doth abforbe likewife, and attenuate too much the Moi-
ftureof the Bedy, Thirdly, that it maketh too great Concuffion, (efpeci-
ally if it be violent,) of the Jsward Parts ; which delight more in Reft.
But generally Exerci/e, if it be much, is no Friend to Pralengation of
Life; Which is one Caufe, why Women liuc longer than Men, becaufe

=~ ¥ water!

Some Food we may vie long, and much, without Glutting ; As Bread,
Flefhthatis not fat, or rancke, &c. Some other, (though pleafant,)
Glutteth fooner; As Sweet Meats, Fat Meats, &c. The Caw/e is, for
that Appetite confifteth in the Emptineffe of the Mouth of the Sto-
macke; Or poffeffing it with fomewhat chat is Aftringent 5 And ther-
fore Cold and Dry. Butthings that are Sweet and Fat, are more Fil-
_jling: And dofwimme and hang more about the Mouth of the Sto-
macke; And goenot downe fo fpecdily: And againe turne fooner
to Choler, which is hot, and cuer abateth the Appetite. Wee fee alfo,
that another Can/e of Saciety, isan Ower-cuffome; and of Appetite is No-
\welty : And therefore Meats, if the fame be continually taken, induce
Loathing. To giuc the Reafon of the Difta/t of Saciety, and of the Plea-
are L 2 Sure

77

Experiment

Solitary tou.

ching the In-
Corporation of
Pospders and

Liqueurs.

298

Experiment
Solitary, tou.
ching Exercifé
of the Body.

299

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Meats,
that mduceSa-
chely.

300

78 NCaturall Aiftory :

fare in Nonelty, and to diftinguifh not onely in Meats and Drinkes,
but alfo.in Motions, Loues, Company, Delights, Studies, what they
be that Ca/fome maketh more gratefulk; And what more tedious ;
were a large Field. But for Meats, the Caufe is Attraction,
which is quicker, and more exciteé towards that which is
new,than towards that whereof there remaineth a Rel-
lifh by former vfe, And (generally) itisaRule,that
whatfoeuer is fomewhat Ingrate at firft,is made
Gratefull by Cu/fome; But whatfoeuer
is too Pleafing at firft,grow-
eth quickly to /é-
babe.

NATV-

PEED EL
Sw a
PHISTKE)

Ri: = a 1 (>|
? (QRH Ri 3)
kc YS cy Ve %
ONE Ww \ \y FY.
vA, cg SS : 7 j 3 \ \ ; y “ aha
RASS [2 SES ee apd
fa see bs Ps i es Bens ae *

NATVRALL

HISTORIE.

IV. Century.

ACCELERATION Of Time,in Works | Experiments

in Conforr

12) of Nature, may well be efteemed Inter | touching the
; of : , Te. Clarification of
|) Magnalia Nature. And cuen in Ditine | riquows,and

; : : . A :
Miracles, Accelerating of the Time, is | Ro {trains

thercof,

next to theCreating ot the Matter. We
will now therfore proceed to the En-
quiry of it: And for Acceleration of
Germination, we will referre it ouer, vn-
to the place, where we thall handle the Subiect of Plants, ge-
nerally ; And will now begin with other Accelerations.
Liquours are (many of them,) at the firft, thicke and troubled ;, As 301

Muft, Wort, Iuyces of Fruits, or Hearbs exprefled, &c, And by Time they
ferele, and Clarifie. But to make them cléare,before the Time, is a great
Worke; Foritis a Spurre to Nature, and putteth her out of her pace:
And befides, it is of good yfe, for making Drinkes, and Sauces, Potable,
and Scruiceable, fpeedily ; But to know the AMeawes of Accelerating Cla-
rification, we mutt firft know the Cas/es of Clarification. The firlt Cau/e is,
by the Separation of the Groffer Parts of the Liquour, from the Fiaer. The
fecond, by the Equal Diftribution of the Spirtis of the Liguonr, with the
Tangible Parts: For that euer reprefenteth Bodies Cleare and Vatrou-

bled,
a ac cel ERI WRT. PTT eels roa uel

82.

302

393

304

305

306

3°7

308

Sa aaanEEEEEEEeiEeeeenel

Natural Hiftory :
bled. The third, by the Refining the Spirit it felfe, which therby giueth
to the Liqueur more Splendour, and more Luftre,

Firft, for Separation; Itis wrought by Weight; As in the ordinary
Refidence or Sectlement of Liquours : By Heat: By Motion : By Precipi~
tation, or Sublimation ; (That is, a Calling of the feuerall Parts, either vp,
or downe,which isa kinde of Attraction :) By Adbefion; As whenaBo-
dy more Vifcous ismingled and agitated with the Liqaour ; which Vit-
cous Body (afterwards feucred) draweth with it the grofler Parts of
the Léqaoar : And Laftly, By Percolation or Paffage.

Secondly, for the Ewen Dijfribution of the Spirits ; It is wrought By
Gentle Heat, And By Agitation or Motion ; (For of Time we {peake not,
becaufe it is thar, we would anticipate & reprefent;) And itis wrought
alfo, By Mixture of fome other Bedy, which hath a vertue to open the
Liquour, and to make the Spirits the better paffe thorow.

Thirdly, for the Refiming of the Spirit,it 1s wrought likewife By Heat;
By Motion ; And By Mixiure of {ome Body which hath Vertue to attenuate.
So therfore (hauing fhewen the €au/es ) for the Accelerating of Clari-

fication, in generall, and the Enducing of it; take thefe Instances, and}

Trials,

It is in common Pra@ife, to draw Wine, or Beere, from the Lees,
(which we call Racking ; ) wherby it will Clarifie much the fooner: For
the Lees, though they keepe the Drinke in Heart,and makeit lafting; yet
withall they caft vp fome Spifficude : And this J#/fance is to be referred
to Separation,

On the other fide, it were good to try, what the Adding to the Zé
quour more Lees than his owne will worke; For though the Zees doe
make the Ziquour turbide, yet they refinethe Spirits, Take therfore a
Veffell of New Beere; And take another Veflell of New Beere, aad Rack
the one Veffell from the Lees, and powre the Lees of the Racked Veffell
into the vnracked Veflell, and fee the Effect: This /nffamce is referred to
the Refining of the Spirits. ‘y

Take New Becre, and put in fome Quantitie of Stale Beere into it,
and fee whether it will not accelerate the Clarification, by Opening the
Body of the Beere, and Cutting the Groffer Parts,wherby they may fall
downe into Lees. And this Jnftance againe is referred to Separation.

The longer Malt, or Herbs, or the like, are Infufed in Lignour, the

more thickeand troubled the Zéquoar is ; But the longer they be deco-

| Gedin the Liquaur, the clearer itis, The Reafon is plaine, becaufe in Ja

fufion, the longer it is, the greater is the Part of the Groffe Body, that

| gocthinto the Zéquewr : Butin Decoéfien, though more goeth forth,

| yet it either purgeth at the Top, or fettleth at the Bottome, And ther-

fore the moft Exact Way to Clarifie is ; Firft to Znfu/fe, and then to take

off the Liguour,and Deceéf it 5 as they doe in Beere, which hath Male firfk

Infufed in the Liquosr,and is afterwards boiled with the Hop, This alfo

isreferred to Separation. ay |
Take Hot Embers,and put them about a Bottle filled with New ree |

almo

a Y,

44

—

(Century. IV.
almoft to the very Neck : Letche Bottle be well ftopped, leftit flie out :
And continucit, renewing the Embers eucry day, by the {pace of Ten
Dayes; and then compareit with another Bottle of the fame Beere fet by.
Take alfo Lime both Quenched, and Ynqnenched, and ferthe Bottles in
them, vt /upra, This Jn/fance is referred, both to the Ewen Diffribution,
and alfo to the Refising of the Spirits by Heat.

Take Bottles,and Swag them ; Or Carry them in a Wheele-Barrow,vp-
on Rough Greand ; twiceinaday: But then you may not fill che Battles
full, but leaue fome Aire ; For ifthe Liquour come clofe to the Stopple,
it cannot play, nor flower: And when you haue fhakenthem well,either
way, poure the Drinke into another Bottle, ftopped clofe, afterthe v{uall
manner ; For ifit {tay with much Aireinit, the Drimke will pall ; neither
will it fercle fo perfe€tly in all the Parts, Let it ftand fome 24. houres :
Then take it, and put it againeinto a Bottle with Aire, vt fapra : And
thenceinto a Bottle Stopped,vt fupra: And fo repeat the fame Operation
for feuen dayes. Notethat in the Emptying of one Bottle into another,
you muft doe it {wiftly, left the Drimke pall. Ir were good alfo, totrie it
ina Bosel/e with a litele Aire below the Neck, without Emptying. This
Jnftance is referred to the Ewes Diftribution and Refining of the Spirits by
Motion, |
Asfor Percolation, Inward,and Ostward, ( whichbelongeth to Sepa-
ration,) Triall wouldbe made, ot Clarifying by Adhefion, with Milke put
into New Beere, and ftirred with it : For it may berhacthe Groffer Part
of the Beere will cleaue tothe Ads/ke : The Doubris, whether the Aa/ke>
will fever well againe ; Whichis foone tried. And itis vfuall in Clarifying
Ippocra(je to putin Mike ; Which after feuereth andcarrieth with it the
Groffer Parts of the /ppocraffe, as kath beene {aid elfewhere, Alfo for the
better Clarification by Percolation, whenthey tun New Beere, they vieto
lerit pafle through a Strainer ; And itis like the finer the Séraiuer is, the
clearer it will be,

The Accelerating of Maturation wee will now enquire of.
And of Maturation it felte. Itisof three Natures. The Matu-
ration of Fruits : The Maturation of Drinkes : And the Matu-
ration of Impoftumes, and Vicers. This laft we referre to. ano-
ther Place, where wee fhall handle Experiments Medicinal.
| There be alfo other Maturations, as of Metalls, &c. wheteot
we will fpeake as Occafion feruetb. But we willbegin with
that of Drinkes, becaulcit hath fuch A fhinitie with the Churif-
cation of Liquours. i
— Forthe Maturation of Drinkes, itis wrought by the Compyegation of the
Spirttstogether, whereby they digeft more perfectly the Grofler Parts :
| And itis effected partly, by the fame meanes, that Clarificatsonis, (wher-

ve wee {pake before ;) But thennote, that an Extreme Clarification doth

83

310

311

Experiments
in Confore
touching Ma-
turation, and —
the Accelerating
thereot. And
firft touching ©
the Maturation
and Quicknin
ot Drinks. An
next touching
the Maturation
of Fruits,

312

M {pread

315,

316

as

318

Naturall Fiftory:

Pr a
{pread the Sp/rits {0 Smooth, as they become Dull,andthe Dréxke dead,
which ought tohaue a little Flouring. And therefore all your Cleare
Amber Drinkeis flat. 4

We fee the Degrees of Maturation of Drinkes 5 In Muft ; In Wine, as it
is drunke ; And in Vinegar. Whereof Muf hath not the Spzrits well Con-
pregated 5 Wine hath them well vnited ; fo as they make the Parts fome-
what more Oylie : Vinegar hath them Congregated, but more Iciune,and
in fmaller Quantitie ; The greateft and fineft Spirit and Part being exha-
led : For we fee Vinegar is made by fetting the Vefiell of Wine againft the
hot Sun : And therefore Vinegar will not burne; For that much of the Fi-
ner Parts is Exhaled.

The Refre/bing and Quickming of Drinke Pailed, or Dead, is by Enfer-
cing the Motion of the Spirit : So wee fee that Open Weather relaxeth the |
Spirit, and maketh it more liuelyin Motéon, Wee {cealfo Bottelling of
Beere, or Ale, whileit is New, and full of Spzrit, (fo that it fpirteth when
the Stoppleis taken forth) maketh the Drinke more quicke and windie.
A Pan of Coalesin the Cellar doth likewife good, and maketh the Drinke
workeagaine, New Driske, put to Drinke that is Dead, prouoketh itto
worke againe : Nay, which is more,(as fome afhrme,) 4 Brewing of New
Beere, fe by Old Beere, maketh it worke againe. It were good alfo to
Enforce the Spirits by {ome Mixtures,that may exciteand quicken them ;
As by Putting intothe Bottles, Nitre, Chalke, Lime, &c. We fee Creame
is Matared, and made to rife more fpeedily, by Putting in Cold Water;
which, asit {eemeth, getteth downe the Whey.

Itistried, that the Burying of Bottles of Drinke well ftopped, eitherin
drie Earth,a good depth ; Orin the Bottome of a Well within Water; And
beft of all the Hanging of them in a deepe Well fomewhat aboue the Water,
for fome forthnights {pace,is an Excellent Afeanes of making Drénk trelh,
and quicke : for the Cold doth not caufe any Exhaling of the Spirits at
all; As Heat doth, though it rarifieth the reft that remaine: Bur Cold ma-
keth the Spirits vigorous, and irritateth them, whereby they Incorporate
the Parts of the Zéquour perfectly.

As forthe Maturation of Fruits; Itis wrought by the Calling forth of
the Spirits of the Body outward, and fo Spreading them more /moothly:
And likewife by Dige/fing, in fome degree, the Groffer Parts : And this
is EffeGted, by Heat ; Motion ; Attraction ; And by a Rudiment of Putre-
faction : For the Inception of Patrefactzon hath in it a Maturation.

There were taken apples, and laid in Straw ; In Hay ; In Flowers
In Chalke ; Im Lime ; Couered ouer with Onions ; Covered ouer with

Crabs; Clofed vp in Wax ; Shut in a Box ; &c. There was alfo an
Apple hanged vp in Smoake : Of all which the Experiments forted in this
Manner, ;

After a Moneths Space, the pple Enclofed in Wax, wasas Greene
and Frethas at the firft Putting in,and the Kermel/s continued White. The
Cafe is, for that all Exclufiow of Open Aire, (which is euer Predatory)
‘aintaineth the Body in his firft Frefhneffe, and Moifture + But the In-,

conuenience |

—_——_----—_-+—__ — ee ee

»(eatary, LV

a ee anaes et nee Ee
conuenience is, thatictafteth a litele of the Wax # Which, I fuppofe, in a
Pomeranate, Ot {ome fuch thick-coated Frait, it would not doe.

The Apple Hanged in the Smoake, turned like an Old Mellow Apple,
Wrinkled, Drie, Soft, Sweet, Yellow within, The'Cas/¢is,for that fuch
adegree of Heat, which doch neither Melt, nor Scotch, (For'we fee that
in agreater Heat, a Reait Apple Softneth and Melteth ; And’ Pigs-feer,
made of Quarters of Wardens; {cotch and haue a Skin of Cole) doth
Mellow, and not Adure) The Smoake alfo maketh the Apple (as it were)
fprinkled with Sees, which helpeth to Mature, We fee that iti Drying of
Peares, and Praes,inthe Ouen, and Remouing of them often as they
begin to Sweat, thereis alike Operation 5 But thatis with a farre more
Inrenfe degree of Acat, —

The ples couered in the Zime and Afhes, were well Matured; As ap-

peared both in their Yellownefle, and Sweetnefle. The Caw/e is, for

‘that that Degree of Heat which is in Lime, and Affes, (being a Smoothe-

ring Meat) is of all che reft moft Proper ; for it doth neither Liquefienor

-Arefie ; And thatis true J4atwration, Note that the Tafte of thofe apples

was good ; And therefore it is the Experimene fitteft for Vie.

The Apples, Couered with Crabs, and Onions, were likewile well Matu-
red, The Canfe is, not any Heat ; But for that the Crabs and the Owions
draw forth the:Spirits of the apple, and {pread them equally thorowout
the Bedy; which taketh away Hardnefle, So wee fee one Appleripeneth |
againft another. And therefore in making of Cider, they turne the 4p.
ples firft vponaheape. So one Clu/fer of Grapes, that toucheth another
whileftit groweth, ripentch faler ; Botriss contra Botram citins mature/cit.
The Applesin Hay, andthe Straw, ripened apparently, though hot fo
muchas the Other ; Butthe “pple inthe Straw more, The Cas/z is, for
that the Hay and Straw hauca very low degree of Heat, but yct Clofeand
Smoothering, and which drieth nor. ray

The Applein the Clofé Box, wasripened alfo: The Can/eis, for that all
Aire, kept clofe, hath a degree of Warmth: As we fee in Wool, Farre,
Plufb, &c. | sian

Note that all thefe were Compared with another Apple, of the fame kinde;
that lay of it Selfe: And inComparifonof that, were more Sweet, and more

Telow, and Jo appeared tobe more Ripe. ek

Take an Apple, ot Peare, or other like Frait,and Rowle it vpon a Table
hatd : Wee fee in Common Experience, thatthe Rowling doth Soften

and Sweeten the Frait prefently; Whichis Nothing but the Smooth Di-
ributzon of the Spirits into the Parts : For the Ywequall Diftribution of the

Spirits maketh the Harrilhnelfe : But this Hard Rowling is betweene Con-

coction, and a Simple Maturation; Theréfote, if you fhould Rewlethem

but gently, perhaps twice a day 5 Arid continue it fome feuen dayes, it
is like they would mature more finely, and like'vnto the Natural: Matw-

7all1ob, Lee : 43 4
Take an Apple, andcut out a Peece of the Top, and couer it, co fee

whether that So/asion of Continuitie will not haften a Mataration: We i

ie M 2 that

Experiment

Nearurall Hiftory :

re
| chat wherea Pape, ora Flic, or aWorme hath bitten, in a Grape, ot any

Frait, it will (weeten haftily.

Take an Apple, &c. and prickeit witha Pinne fill of Holes, not deepe,
and fmeare ita little with Sacke, or Cinnamon Water, or Spirit of Wine,
cuery day forten dayes, to feeif the Firtwall Heat of the Wine, or Strong
Waters, willnot Matwre it, ;

In thefe Trials alo, as was vfed in the firft, fet another of the famer
Fruits 6y4.¢0 Compare them : And trie them, by their Yellownefle, and by
sheir Sweetnefle.

The World hath beene much abufed by the Opinion of

_| Making of Gold : The Worke it {elfe I iudge tobe poffible ;

But the Medues (hitherto propounded) to effect it, are, in the
Practife; full of Errour and Impofture ; And in the Theory,
full of vafound Imaginations. Forto fay, that Nature hath
an Intention to make all Metals Gold; And that, if fhe were de-
liueted from Impediments, fhe would performe het owne
Worke ; And that,if the Cruditics,Impurtities,and Leprofities
of Metals were cured, they would become Gold ; Andthat a
little Quantitie of the Medicine, in the Worke of Preiection,
will turnea Sea of the Ba/er Metall into Gold, by Multiplying:
All thefe are but dreames : And foare many other Grounds
of Alchymy. And tohelpe the Matter, the Alchymsif?s call in
likewife many Vanities, out of Affrologie ; Naturall Magicke ;
Superititious Interpretations of Scriptures ; Auricular Tradi-
tions ;Faigned Teftimonies of Ancient Authors; And the like.
It istrue, on theother fide, they haucbrought to light not a
few profitable Experiments, and thereby made the World
forthe amends. Butwee, when wee fhall come to handle the
Verfion and Tran/mutation of Bodies ; And the Experiments
coneerning Mezalls; and Minerals ; will lay open the true
Wayes and Paflages of Nature, whichmay leade to this great
Effect. And wee commend the wit of the Chinefes, who de-
{paire’of Making of Gold, but are Mad vpon the Making of
Siluer : For certaine it is,that itis more difficult to make Gold,
(which is the moft Ponderous and Matcriateamongft Me-
talls) of other Metalls, lefle Ponderous, and lefle Materiate ;
than (id versa) to make Siluer of Lead, or Quick-Siluer ;
Both which are more Ponderous than Silwer ; So that they

need

- Century LV.

need rathet a further Degree of Fixation, than any Conden/ati.
om. Inthe meanerime, by Occafion of Handling the Axionses
couching Maturation, we will direct a Trial] touching the Ma-
suring ot Metalls,and therby Turning {ome of them into Gold;
For weconceiucindeed, thata perfect good (oncotionor Di/-
ze[tion, ot Maturation of fome Metal/s, will produce Gold.
And here we call to minde, chat wee knew a Dutchman, that
hadwrought himfelfe into the beleefe of a great Perfon, by
vadertaking that he could make Gold : Whofe difcourfe was,
that Gold might be made; Bur thatthe A/chymif?s Ouer-fired
the Worke: For (hefaid) the Making of Gold did require a
very temperate Ficat,as being in Nature a Subterrany worke,
wherelittle Heat commeth; But yet more to the Making of
Gold, than of any other Metall; And therefore, that he would
doeit with a great Lampe, that thould carry a Temperate and
Equall Heat; And that it was the Worke of many Moneths.
The Deuice of the Lampe was folly ; But the Oucr-firing
now'vied ; And the Equall Heatto be required; And the
Making it a Worke of fome good Time; are no ill Dif-
» We refort therefore to our Axiomes of Maturationzin Ef.
fect touched before. The Firftis, that there be wfed a Tempe-
rate Heat ; For they are eucr Temperate Heats that Di/geft, and
Mature : Wherein we meane Temperate, according to the Na-
ture of the Subieét ; For that may be Temperate to Fruits,and
Liquours, which will not worke at all vpon Metals, The Se-
cond is, thatthe Spirit of the Metall be quickened, and the Tan-
‘|gible Parts opened: For without thofe two Operations, the
Spirit of the Metall, wrought vpon, will notbeable to difgett
the Parts. The Thirdis, thacthe Spirits doe fbread themfelues
Euen,and moue not Sub/ultorily ; For that will makethe Parts
Clofe,and Pliant. And this requireth a Hear, that doth not
rifeand fall; but continucas Equallas may be. The Fourthis,
that no Part ofthe Spirit be emitted, but detained : For if therebe
Emifion of Spirit, the Body of the Metall willbe Hard, and
Churlifh. And this will be performed, partly by the Tempet
of the Fire; And partly by theclofenefie of the Veflell. The

Fifth |

88

327,

Experiments
in Confort

Accelerating of
Patrefatiion.

| Natural Hiftory:

EE, Es EE ee
Fifth is, that there be Choicemade of the likelieft and bet Prepa-
red Metall, for theVerfion : For that will facilitate the Worke.
The Sixtivis, chat you giue Time enough for the Worke: Not to
prolong Hopes (as the Alchymifts doc;) but indeed togiue
Nature a conuenient Space to worke in. Thefe Principles are
moftcertaine, and true; Wee will now deriuea direction of
Trial ourof them ; Which may (perhaps) by further Medita-
tion, be improucd.

Let therebe a Small Furnace made, of a Temperate Heat; Let the
Heat be fuch, as may keepe the Metall perpetaally Monlten, and no more ;
For that aboue all importeth to the Worke, For the Materiall, take
Silver, which is the Metall that in Nature Symbolizeth moft with Gold
Put in alfo, with the Si/wer,a Tenth Part of Qwick-filwer, anda Twelfth
Partof Niétre, by weight; Both thefe to quicken and open the Body of
the Metall: And fo let the Worke be continued by the Space of Six Mo-
neths, at the leaft. I wifhalfo,that there be, at fome times, an Inieétion
of fome Oyled Subftance; Such as they vfe in the Recouering of Gold,
which by Vexing with Separations hath beene made Churlifh: And
this is, tolay the Parts more Clofe and Smooth, which is the Maine
Worke, ‘For Geld (as we f{ec) is the Clofeft (and therefore the Heauieft)
of Metails: And is likewife the moft Flexible, and Tenfible. Note,that
to thinke to make Gold of Owick-filwer, becaufe it is the heauieft, isa
Thing notto be hoped ; For Quick-/ilwer will not endure the Mannage

of the Fire, Next to Siwer, Ithinke Copper were fitteft to bee the Ma-
terial.

Geldhath thefe Natures: Greatuelfe of Weight; Clofeneffe of Parts;
Fixation; Pliantue/fe, or Softne/Jé, Immunity from Raft; Colour or Tin-
cture of Telow. Therfore the Sure Way, (though moft about,) to make
Gold, is to know the Canfes of the Seuerall Watwres before rchearfed,
and the Axtoemes concerning the fame, For ifaMancan makea Me-
tal, that hath all thefe Properties, Let Men difpute, whether itbe Gold,
orno? .

The Bndwcing and Accelerating of Putrefattion,is a Subiect
of avery Vniuerfall Enquiry : For Corruption is a Reciprocal
to Generation: Andthey Two, areas NaturestwoTermes or
Bundaries ; And the Guides to Lifeand Death. Putrefaétion is
the Worke of the Spirits of Bodies, which cuer are Vnquiet to
Get forth and Congregate with the Aire, and to enioy the Sun-
beames. The Getting forth,or Spreading of the Spirits, (which
isa Degree of Getting forth,) hath fiue Differing OP !

the

Century TN.

the Spirirs be detained within the Body, and moue more vio-
lently, there followeth Colliquation;As in Metalls, &c.If more
Mildely, chere followeth Di/geftion, or Maturation; As in
Drinkes,and Fruits. Uf the Spirits be not meerely Detained;
bur Protrude a little, and that Motion be Confufed,and Inor-
dinate, there followeth Pwtrefuction ; Which cuer diffolueth
‘the Confiltence of the Body into much Inequality ; Asin
|Elefb,Rotien Fruits, Shiaing Wood,&c. Andalfoin the Ruff of
Metals. Barif that Motion beina certaine Order, there fol-
Noweth Vinification,and Figuratios ; As bothin Liuing Crea.
tures bred of Putrefaction, and in Lining Creatures Perfect. But
if the Spirits ifluc out of the Body,there followeth Defceation,
Indtration, Confumption,&c, Asin Bricke, Euaporation of Bo-
dies Liquid, &c.

The Meanes to Enduceand Accelerate Putrefattion, are; Firlt by Ad-
ding [ome Crude or Watry Moijfure ; Asin Wetting of any Flefh, Fruit,
Wood, with Water, &c. For contrariwife Vaiuous and Oyly Subftances
preferue. nigh

The Second js by Zawstation or Excitation, As whena Rotten Apples
lyeth clofe to another Apple that isSoand : Or when Dung (whichis a
Subftanée already Putriffed) is ¢dded to other Bodies. And this is alfo
notably feene in Church-jards, where they bury much; Whee the
Earth will confume the Corps, in farre fhorter time, than other Earth

<=" CPNSSORS TCE are
~The Third is, by Clofencffé, and Stopping, which detainesh the Spirits,
\i# Prifow, more than they would; And thereby irritateth them to fecke
'Iffue ; Asin Corne, and Cloaths, which waxe Mufty; and therefore
‘Open Aire (which they calf Aer perflabila) doth preferue: And this
| doth appeare more Euidently in Agacs, which come(moft of them,) of
Obftructions, and Penning the Humours, which thereuipon Pasrifie,
The Fourth is, by Solation of Continuity, As we fee an Apple will rot
YGorter, if ir be'Cur or Pierced ; And fo will Wood, &c. Arid: fo the
Fleth of Creatures aliue, where they haue receiued any Wound,

The Fifth is, either by the Exhaling, or by the Drining back of the
Principall Spirits, which preferue the Confiftence of the Bedy; So that
when their Gouernment is Diffolued, every Part returacth to his Na-
tire, or Homogeny, And this appeareth in W718e, and Bloxd, when
they coole, and thereby breake , It appeareth alfo in the Gangrene, or
Mortification of Flefh, either by Opiates, or by Intenfe Colds. I cohiceiue
alforhe fame Effe is in Peftilences,for that the AMalignity of the lwfetting
Fapour, Jaunceth the Principall Spirits,and maketh them fly, and leauc
their Regiment; And chen the Hamours, Fle(h,and Secondary Spirits, doe
diffolue, and breake, as in an Asarchy, ' . .

* he

rene

729

339
55%

35%

333

whet a 7 I I A AR SE

Sas

334

335

“hal

337
338

339

340

Experiments

in Contorr,
4 touching Pro-

bib:ting and

‘| Preventing Pre

ivefaction.

Neawurall Hiftory:

TheSixthis, when a Forraine Spirit, Stronger and more Eager than
the Spirit of the Body, entreth she Bedy; Asin the Stinging of Serpents.
And this is the Cawfé(generally)that vpon all Poy/ons followeth Swelling:
And we fee swelling followeth alfo, when the Spirits of the Bedy it felfe,
Congregate toomuch; As vpon Blowes, and Braifes; Or when they
are Pent in too much, as in Swelling vpon Cold, And we fee alfo, that the
Spirits comming of Patrefactios of Humours in Agues, 8c. Which may
be counted as Forraine Spirits, though they be bred within the Body,
doe Extinguifh and Suffocate the Natwrall Spirits, and Heat,

The Scuenth is, by fuch a Weake Degree of Heat, as feteth the Spirits
in alittle Motion, but is not able, either to difgeft the Parts, or to iffwe the Spi-
rits; Asis feene in Fleth kept in a Roome that isnot Coole; Whereas
in a Coole and Wet Larder it willkeepe longer, And wee fee, that
Viuification (whereof Putrefaction is the Baftard Brother,) is effe&ted by
fuch Soft Heats ; As the Hatching of Egges ; The Heat of the
Wombe, &c,

The Eight is, by the Releafing of the Spirits; which before were clofe
kept by the Solidnefle of their Couerture, and thereby their Appetite
of Iffuing checked 3 As in the Artificial Rafts induced by ftrong VVa-
ters, in Jron, Lead, Sc. And therefore Wetting hafteneth Ref, or Putre-

faction of any thing, becaufe it fofteneth the Cruft, for the Spsrits to
come forth, |

The Ninthis, by the Evterchange of Heat.andCeld, or Wet and dry 5
As wee fee in the Mouldring of Earthin Frofts, and Sunne; And in
the more hafty Rotting of VWWood, that is fometimes wet, fometimes
dry, |

The Tenth is, by Time, and the Worke and Procedure of the Spirits them-
felues, which cannot keepe their Station; Efpecially if they be left to

| themfelues; And there be not Agitation or Locall Motion, As wee

fee in Corne notftirred; And Mens Bodies not exercifed,

All Moulds arc Inceptions of Putrefaction; As the Moulds of Pyes,
and Fle/h ; the Moulds of Orenges,and Limons ; which Monlds afterwards
turne into VWWormes,or more odious Patrefactions : And therfore(com-

monly) proue to be of ill Odour, And ifthe Body be Liquid, andnot
aptto Putrifie totally, it will caft vp a Mother inthe Top;As the Mothers
of Déftilled Waters,

| Moffeis a Kinde of Mould, of the Earth, and Trees, But it may be
better forted as a Rudimsent of Gerwsination ; To which wereferreit,

Ttis an Enquiry of Excellent vie, to Enquire of the Meanes
of Prenenting ot Staying Putrefattion , For thereinconfifteth}
the Meanes of Conferuation of Bodies; For Bodies haue two
Kindes of Diffolutions ; The one by Confiemption, and Deficca-
tion; The other by Putrefattion. But asfor the abo 4

°

EE ceed De eS ee

Century, LV.

of the Bodies of Men, and Liuing Creatures, (as in Agues,

| Wormes, Confumpztions of the Lungs, Impoftumes, and V1-
cers both Inwards and Outwards,) they atea great Part of
Phyficke, and Surgery: And therefore we will relerue the En-
guiry of them to the proper Place, wherewe thall handle Me-
dicinall Experiments of all Sorts. Of the reft we will now En-
ter intoan Enquiry : wherein much light may be taken, from
that which hath beene faid, of the Meanes to Enduce or Acce-
lerate Putrefaétion : For the Remouing that, whichcaufed Py-
trefaction, doth Preuent and Auoid Putrefaction.

"The Firft Meames of Probibiting or Checkzng Putrefaction, is Cold:
For fo wee fee chat Meat and Drinke willlaft longer, Vnputrified, or
Vafou red, in Winter, than inSummer: And we fee that Flowers,and
Fruits, put in Conferuatories of Snow, keepe frefh, And this wor-
keth by the Detention of the Spirits, and Conftipatios of the Tangible Parts,

The Second is Affriction : For A/friction prohibiteth Difolution:As
we fee (generally) in Medicines, whereof {uchas are Aftringents doe in-
hibite Pusrefaction: And by the famereafon of Affringency, fome {mall

antity of Oile of Vitrioll, will keepe Frefh Water long from Putre-
fring. And this Affriction is in a Subftance that hath a Firtwall Cold; And
it worketh (partly) by tle fame Meanes that Cold doth, ‘*

The Third is, the Excluding of the ire; And againe, the Expofing
tothe Aire : For thefe Contraries,(as it commeth often to pafle;)worke
the fame Effect, according to the Nature of the Subie&t Matter, So we
fee, that Beere, or Wine, in Bottles clofe ftopped, laft long ; That the
Garaers under Ground kecpe Corne longer than thofe aboue Ground;
Aad that Fruit clofedin Waxe kcepeth freth : And likewife Bedses putin
Honey, and Flower, keepe more freth; And Liquours,Drinkes, and Iwices,
witha little Oylecaft on the Top, keepe frefh, Contrariwife, we fee that
Cloth and Apparell, not Aired,doe breed Moathes,and Mould ; And the
Diwerfity is, that in Bodies that need Detention of Spirtts, the Exclufion
of the Aire doth good; As in Drinkes,and Corwe: But in Bodées that need
Emifiion of Spirits, to difcharge fome of the Superfuous Moifture, it
doth hurt; for they require Asring. |

The fourth is Motion, and Stirring ; For Putrefaction asketh Ref; For
the Subtill Azotzon, which Putrefsctzon requireth, is difturbed by any 4-

_ \gitation ; Andall Local Motion keepeth Béaies Integrall, and their Parts
together; As we {ee that Turning over of Corneina Garner; Or Let-
ting it runne like an Houre-glaffe , from an vpper Roome intoa Lower,

doth keepe it Sweet: And Running Waters putrefie not : And in Mens

Bodies. Exercife hindreth Putrefaction; And contrariwife Ref, and |

Want of Mosiex, or Stoppings, (whereby the Runoe of Humours, or
the Motion of Perfpiration,is ftayed,) further Putrefaction ; As we part-
ly couched a little before,

N The

or

343

344

346

“Jah

348

mere
350
| 351

Natur all Fiflory:

The Fifth is the Breathing forth of the Aduentitious Moiflure in Bodies;
For as Wetting doth haften Putrefaction 3So Connenient Drying, (wherby | -
the more Radicall Moifture is onely kept in,) putteth backe Putrifaction:
Sowe fee that Herbs, and Flowers, if they be dried inthe Shade; Or
dried in the hot Sunne, fora fmall time, keepe beft. For the Emifiion of
the Loofe and Aduentitious Moiffure, doth betray the Radical Meifturer ;
And carryeth it out for Company. .
The Sixthis, the Strengthning of the Spirits of Bodics ;Foras a Great
Heat keepeth Bodies from Putrefaction;But a Tepide Heat enclineth them
to Patrefaction : So a Strong Spirit likewife preferueth,and a Weake cr
Faint Spirit difpofeth to Corruption, So we finde that Salt-water cor-
rupteth not fo fooneas Frefh: And Salting of Oifters, and Powdring
of Meat, keepeth them from Patrefaction, It would be tried alfo, whe-
ther Chalke put into Water, or Drinke, doth not preferue it from Pytre-
fring, or {peedy Souring. So wee fee that Strong Beere willlaft longer
than Small; And all Things, thatare hot and Aromaticall, doe helpe
to preferue Liquours, or Powders, &c. Which they doe, as well by
Strengthning the Spirits, as by Soaking out the loofe Moiffare :
The Seuenth is, Separation of the Crader Parts, and thereby making
the Body more Equall ; for allynperfe& Mixture is apt to Patrewe; And
Watrry Subftances are more apt to Putrefie, than Oyly. So we fee Di-

ftilled Waters will laft longer than Raw waters ; And Things that haue
paffed the Fire,doe laft longer,than thofe that hane not pated the Fires
As Dried Peares, &c. :

The Eighth is, the Drawing forth continually of that part, where thes
Patrefaction beginneth : Which is (commonly) the Loofe and watry Moi-
fture ; Not onely for the Reafon before giuen, that it prouoketh the Ra-
dicall Moiffare to come forth with it; But becaufe being detained in the
Body, the Patrefaction taking hold of it, infe€teth the reft: As we fee in
the Embalming dead Bodies: And the fame Reafon is of Preferuing Herbs,
or Fruits, or Flowers, in Branne,or Meale,

The Ninth is,the Commixture of any Thing that is more Oily, or Sweet:
For fuch Bodies are leaft apt to Patrefie, the Aire working little vpon
them ; And they not putrefying preferue the reft. And therfore we fee
Syrrups,and Ointments, will laft longer, than Juyces.

The Tenthis, the Commixture of [omewhat that is Dry ; For Putrefa-
ction beginneth firft from the spirits; And then from the Meifare: And
that thatis dry is vnapt to putrefie: And therefore Smoake preferueth
Fleth; As wee fee in Bacon, and Neats-Tongues , and Martlemas
Beefe, &c. :

The Opinion of fome of the Ancients, that Blowne Aires doe pre-
ferue Bodies, longer than other Jires, feemeth to Mee Probable; For
that the Blowne Aires, being Ouer-charged and Compreffed, will hard-
ly receiue the Exhaling ofany Thing, butrather repulfeit. It was tried }.
in a Blowne Bladder,whercinto Fleth was put,and likewife a Flower,and
itforted not: For Dry Bladders will not Bloy: And New Bladders ha

ther

Sa

Ceatury. LV.

cher further Putrefaction : The way were therfore,to blow ftrongly,with
a Paire of Beilowes, intoa Hogthead, putting into the Hogthead (be-
fore) that which you would haue preferued; And in the inftant thatyou
withdraw the Bellowes, {top the Hole clofe,

The Experiment of Wood that Sbineth in the Darke, we haue dili-
ntly driven, and purfued: The rather, for that of all Things, that giue
Lishs here below, it is the moft Durable; And hath leaft Apparent Mo-
tion. Fire and Flame arcin continuall Expence ; Sugar (hineth onely
while itis in Scraping ; And Sale-water while it is in Dafhing ; Glow-
wormes hauc their Shining while they liue, ora little after ; Onely Scales
of Fifbes (Putrified) feeme to be of the fame Nature with Shining Wood :
Anditistrue,thacall Pstrefadtion hath with itan Inward Motion, as
wellas Fire, or Light, The Triall{orted thus. 1, The Soémmg is in fome
Peeces more Bright, in fome more Diames but the moft Bright of all
doth notattaine to the Lightofa Glow-worme, 2. The Woods that haue
beene tried to thine, are chiefly Sallow, and Willow ; Alfo the fh, and
Hafle; Ic may be, itholdeth in others, 3. Both Roots, and Bedies doe
fhine, butthe Roots better, 4, The Colowr of the Shining Part, by Day-
light, is in fome Peeces White, in fome Peeces inclining to Red; Which
in the Countrey they call che white, and Red Garret. 5, The Pare that
Shineth, is, (for the moft part) fomewhar Soff, and Moift to feeleto ;
Bur fome was foundto be Firme and Hard; Soas it might be figured
intoa Crofle, or into Beads, &c. But you mutt not looke to haue an I-
mage,or the like, inany Thing that is Lightfomes For euen a face in
Iron red Hotwil} not be feene, the Light: confounding the {mall diffe-
rene¢s of Lightfome and Dark(ome, which fhew the figure. 6. There
was the Shining Part pared eff, illyou came to that, that did not Shine ;
But within two Dayes the Part Contiguous began alfo to Shine, being
laid abroad in the Dew; Sas it feemeth the Putref ion {preadeth.
7. There was other deed Weed of like kinde, that was Laid abroad,which
Shived not at the firft ; But after a Nights lying abroad began to Shine
8. There was other Wood, that did Fir/t fine; And being laid dry in the
Houfe, within fiuc or fixdaies, Leff the Shining; And laid abroad a-
gaine, Recowered the Shining. 9. Shining woods, being laid in a Dry
Roome, within ‘a Seuen night, lofe their Shining ; Butbeicg laid in a
Cellar, or Danke Roome, kept the Shining. 10, The Boring of Holes, in that
kinde of VWVood, and then laying it abroad, feemeth to conduce to
make it Shine: The Caufe is, for that al] Solation of Continuity doth helpe
on Putrefaction,as was touched before, 11. No Wood hath beene yet
tried to Shine, thatwas cut dewane aline, butfuch as was Rotted, both in
Stacke, and Root, while it grew. 12. Part of the Wood that Shined,was
ceped in Oyle, and retained the Shining a Forthnight. 13. The like fic-
ceeded in fome Steeped in Water, and mnchbetter. 14. How long the
Shining wilkcontinue, if the teed be laid abroad enery Night, and taken
imand Sprinckled with Water in the Day, is not yet tryed, 15, Triall was
N 2 made

>

%

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching ood
Shiningin the
Darke.

aa

lyyt

Per

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Acce-
leration of Birth

553

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Acce-
levation of
growth and
Stature.

354

Natural Eiiftory¢

made of laying it abroad in Froftie weather, which hurtit not. 16, There
was a great Peece of a Root which did fhine, and the Shining Pars was Cut
off, till nc more Shined ; Yet after two Nights, though it were kept in a
drie Roome, it gota Shining.

The Bringing forth of lining Creatures may be accelerated in two Re-
(peéts : The one, ifthe Embryo ripencth and perfe@eth fooner : The
other if there be fome Caufe from the Mothers Body, of Expulfion or Put-
ting it downe : whereof the Former is good, andargueth Strength ; The
Latterisill, and commeth by Accident or Difeafe. And therefore the
Ancient Obferuation is true, that the Childe borne in the Senenth Moneth,
doth commonly well; But Borne in the Eighth Moneth, doth (for the
moftpart) die. But the Cau/e affigned is Fabulous ; Whichis, that in
the Eighth Moneth, fhould be the Returne ofthe Raigne, of the Plamet
Saturne : which (as they fay) is a Planet Maligne ; whereas inthe Se-
uenth is the Raigne of the Moone, whichisa Planet Propitions. But the
true Cau/eis, for that where there is fo great a Prevention of the Ordinary
time, it is the /u/féne/fe ofthe Childe ; But when itis leffe, it is fome Zn
di(pofition of the Mother,

To Accelerate Growth or Stature, it muft proceed 3 Either from the
Plentie of the Nosrifhrsent ; Or from the Natare of the Nowrifhment ;
Or from the Q sickening and Exciting of the Natwrall Heat. For the fir
Exce(fe of Nowrifhment is hurtfull ; For it maketh the Childe Corpulent ;
And Growing in Breadth, rather than in Heighth, And you may take
an Experiment from P/ants, which, if they {pread much, are feldome
tall. As forthe Nature of the Nours/hmsent ; Firft, it may notbetoo Drie ;
And therefore Children in Dayrie Countries doe wax more tall, than
where they feed more vpon Bread, and Fle(h. There is alfo a receined
Tale ; That Boyling of Dafie Roots in Milke (which it is certaine are great
Driers) will make Dags little. But fo muchis true, that an Over-drie>
Nourifbment in Childhood putteth backe Stature. Secondly; the Wow-
rifbment muft be of an Opening Nature ; For that Attenuateth the Iuice,
| and furthereth the Motion of the Spirits, vpwards, Neither is it with-

out caufe, that Xesophon, in the Nouritwre ot the Perfias Children, doth

fo much commend their Feeding vpon Cardamon ; which (hee faith)
| made them grow better, and be of a more Aétiue Habit. Cardamonis in
|

———

Latine Naftartiam ; And with vs Water-Cre//es ; Which, itis certaine, is
|an Herbe, that whileft it is young, is Friendly to Life. Ass for the Qufe-
| keming of Natural Heat,it muft be done chiefly with Exercs/é; And there- |
| fore (no doubt) much Going to Schoole; where they fit fo much, -hin-
dreth the Grewth of Children ; whereas Countrey People, that goe not
to Schoole, are commonly of better Stature. And againe Men mutt be-
ware, how they giue Children, any thing that is Coldim Operation ; For
euen Long Sucking doth hinder both Wit, and Statwre. This hath beene
tried, thata Whelpe, that hath beene fed with Wétrein Miike, hath be-
come

-—-

(Century. IV. 95

comevery lictle, but extreme liuely : For the Spirit of Nitre is Cold. And
though it bean Excellent Medicine, in Strength of yeares, for Pto-
longatiou of Life ; yetit is, in Children and young Creatutes, an Ene-
my to Growth: And allfor the fameReafon; For Heat is requifite to
Growth ; But after a Man is come tohis Middle Age, Heat confumeth
the Spirits; whichthe Coldneffe of the Spirit of Nitre doth helpe to
condenfe, and correct,

|

There betwo Great Families of Things ; You may terme | Experiments
in Conforr

them by feuerall Names; Su/phureous and Mercurial, which | touching su-
aretheChymi(?s Words : ( For as fortheir Sal, which is their | nr tnoorne
Third Principle, it isa Compound of the other two;) Inflam- ana Franch:
mable and Not Infammable ; Mature and Crude ; Oily and Wa-

try. For we feethatin Subterraniesthereare,as the Fathers of

their Tribes, BrimStone and Mercury: In Vegetables, and Li-

uing Creatures thereis Water and Oyle : Inthe Inferiour Order

of Pueumaticalls there is Aire and Flame : And inthe Superiour,

thereis the Body of the Starre, and the Pure Sky. And thefe
Paires,though they be valike inthe Primitiue Differences of
Matter, yet they feeme to haue many Confents: For Mercury

and Sulphure are principall Materials of Metals; Water and
Oyle, ate principal Materialls of Vegetables, and Animals; And
feemeto differ but in Maturation, or Concoftion: Flame (in
Valgar Opinion) is but Aire Incenfed; And they both haue
Quicknefle of Motion,and Facility of Ceffion, much alike:

And the Interffellar Sky, (though the Opinion be yaine, that

the Starre is the Denfer Part of his Orbe;) hath notwithftan-

ding fo much A fhnity with the Starre, that there is a Rotation

of thar, as well as of the Starre. Therfore,it is one of thegrea-

teft Magnalia Nature,to turne Water,orW atry Iuyce, into Oile

ot Oily luyce : Greater in Nature, than to turne Siluer, ot

| Quick-filuer, ato Gold.

| The Ioftances we haue, wherein Crude and Watry Subftance tur-}
_neth into Bat and O#y, are of fourekindes, Firft in the asxtwre of Earth 355
_and Water ;which mingled by the helpe of the Sunne, gather a Nitrous
Fatnefie, more than either of them Hane feuerally; As we fee; in that

_ they put forth Plants, which need both luyces, | ol

| The Second isin the 4fimilation of Nourifhment, made inthe Bo-)} 356
_ dies of Plants, and Living Creatures; Whereof Plants turne the Inyce of

| meere Water and Earth, into agreat deale of Oily Matter: Lining Crea-

{ é rures;

96

357

358
359

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching Chamele-
ons.

360

Naturall Hiftory :

Ooo
tures, though much of their Fat, and Flefh, are out of Oily Aliments,(as
Meat, and Bread,) yet they Affimilate alfo ina Meafure their Drinke of

| Water, &c, But thefe two Wayes of Ferfion of Water into Ople, (namely

by Mixtare , and by Afsimilation ) arc by many Paflages , and Perco-

\Jations , and by long Continuance of foft Heats, and by Circuits of
j Time,

The third is in the Zaception of Putrefaction ; As in Water Corrupted ;

| Aadthe Mothers of Waters Distied; Both which haue akinde of Fat-

neffe, or Oyler,

The Fourth is in the Dalcoration of fome Metalls ; As Saccharum.
Satarnt, &c.

The Intention of Verfiom of Water into a more Oily Subftamce, is by
Difgeftion ; For Oile is almoft Nothing elfe but Water di/geited; And this
Difgeftion 1s principally by Heat, Which Heat mutt be either Owtward,or
Inward: Againe, it may be by Prouocation, or Excitation; Which is
caufed by the Mingling of Bodies already Oily, or Difgefled; For they
will fomewhat Communicate their Nature with the reft.. Difge/tion al-
fois ftrongly effected by direct Afiemilation, of Bodies Crude into Bodies
Difgefted; Asin Plants, and Lining Creatures, whofe Nourithment is far
more Crude than their Bodies: But this Di/geffion is by a great Com-
paffe, as hath beene faid. As for the more full Handling of thefe two
Principles, whereof this is buta Tafte ; (the Enquiry of whichis one of
the Profoundeft Enquiries of Nature,) We leauc it to the Title of Ver-
fie of Bodies; And likewife to the Tétle of the Firs# Congregations of Mat-
ter; Which like a Generall Affembly of Eftates, doth giue Law to all}
Bodies. .

A Chameleon is a Creature about the Bigneffe ef an Ordinary Zé-
zard: His Head vnproportionably bigge ; His Eyes great: He moueth
his Head without the writhing of his Necke, (which ts inflexible,) as a
Hogge doth: His Backe crooked ;'His Shin {potted with little Tumours,
leffe Eminent nearer the Belly ; His Taile flender, and long : On each
Foot he hath fiue Fingers ; three on the Ourfide, and two on the Infide;
His Fopgue of a maruellous Length in refpe@ of his Body, and hol-
low,at the end; Which he will launch out toprey vpon Fizes, OF Co-
Jour Greene, and of a dusky Yellow, brighter and whiter towards the
Belly; Yet {potted with Blew, White, andRed. If hee be laid vpon
Greene,the Greene predominateth ; If vpon Yellow,the Yellow ; Not
foiif hebe laid yvpon Blew, ot Red, or White ; Onely the Greene Spots
receiuea more Orient Luftre ; Laid vpon Blacke, he looketh al! Biacke,
thoughforwithouta Mixture of Greene, He feedeth not onely vpon
Aire, (though that be his principal! Suftenance ; ) For fometimes hee
taketh Flies, as was faid; Yee forme’ that haue kept Chameleons a whole
yeare together could never perceive that ever they fed vpon any Thing
elfe-but'Aire ; And might obferue their Bellies to {well after they had
exhauftedthe Aire, and clofed their lawes';, Which they open com-

ti monly

“4

(Century. LV.

monly againft che Rayes of the Sunne, They hauea foolith Tradition
in Magicke, that ifa Cameleon be burnt vpon the Top of a Honfe, ie will
raifea Tempelt; Suppoting (according to their vaine Dreames of Sym-
pathies) becaufe he nourifheth with Aire, his Body fhould haue great
vertuc to make Impreffion vpon the Aire,

Ic is reported by onc of the Ancients, that in Part of Media, there arc
Eruptions of Glames out of Plaines ; And that thofe Flames are cleare,and
caft not forth fuch Smoake, and Afhes, and Pummice, as Meustaineo
' Flames doe. The Reafon (no doubt) is, becaufe the Flame is nor pent,
as it isin Mowntaives, and Earth- quakes which caft Flame. There be alfo
fome Blinde Fires, vader Stoxe,which flame not out,bur fe being pow-
red vpon them, they flame our, The Caufe whereofis, for that it fee-
meth, the Fire is fo choaked, as not able to remoue the Stone, itis Heat,
rather than Flame; Which neuerthelefie is {uflicient to. Enflame the
Oyler.

It is reported, that in fome Lakes, the Wate is fo Nitrous, as if Foule

Cloaths be put into it, it fcoureth them of it felfe ; And ifthey flay any

| whit long, they moulderaway. And the Scouring Vertue of Nitre is

the more to be noted, becaufe it is a Body Cald; And we fee Warme W-

ter {coureth better than Cold, But the Caufeis, for that it hatha Sub-

till Spirit, which feuereth and diuideth any thing that is foule, and Vif-
cous,and ftickethvpona Body. -- . Dies

Take a Bladder, the greateft you can get; Fill it full of Winde,and

_|tyeirabourthe Necke witha Silke thred waxed; And vpon that put

likewife VVax very clofe; So that when the Neck ofthe Bladder dryeth,
no diremay poffibly getin, nor out, Then bury it three or foure foot
vader the Earth, in a Vault, or in a Conferustory of Snew, the Snow being
made hollow about the Bladder ; And after fame Forthnights diftance,
fee whether the Bladder be fhruncke: For if it be, then it is plaine, that
the Coldneffe of the Earth, or Snow, hath Condented the Aire, and
brought ita Degree nearer to Water : VWWhichis an Experiment of great
Confequence, 5

ee

!

_ Iisa Report of fome good credit, that in Deepe Cawes, there are
Penfile Cry/tall, and Degrees of Crystall that drop from aboue; And in
fome other, (though more rarely) that rife from below. Which though
it be chiefly the Worke of Cold, yet itmay be, that VVater, that paf-
fech thorow theEarth, gathereth a Nature more clammy, and fitter to
Congeale,and become Solide, than Water of it felfe. Therfore Triall
would be made,to lay a Heape of Earth, in great Frofts, vpon a Hollow
Veffell, putting 2 Canuafe betweene, that it falleth not in: And poure
Water vpon it, in {uch Quantitie, as will be fure to foake thorow ; And
fee whether it will not makean harder Ice in the bottome of the Veffell,

and

—-_

Experiment

Solitary, tou-

ching Sabterra-
Fives.

341

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Nitre.

362

Experiment: .
Solitary tou-
ching Congea-
ling of Aire.

363

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching Congea-
ling of Water
into Crytah.

364

ee

Experiment

leaves, both in
Colour, & Smell.

365

367

Naturall Fiiftory :
and leffeapr to diffolue, than ordinarily, I fuppofe alfo,that if you make
the Earth narrower at the bottome,than at the Top,in fafhion of a Su-
gar Loafe Reuerfed, it will helpe the Experiment, For it willmake the
Ice, where it [ffueth, leffe in Bulke ; And cuermore Smalneffe of Quan-
tity isa Helpe to Verfion,

Take Damaske Rofes,and pullthem ; Then dry them vpon the Top
of an Houfe, vpon a Lead or Tarras, in the hot Sunne, ina cleare day,
betweent the Houres (onely) of twelue and two; or there abouts. Then
put them into a Sweet Dry Earthen Bostle , or a Glaffé, with narrow
Mouthes, ftuffiag them clofe together, but without Bruifing : Stop the
Bottle, or Glaffe, clofe, and thefe Rofes will retaine,not onely their Smell
Perfect, but their Colour freth, for a yeare at leaft, Note, that Nothing
doth fo much deftroy any Plant, or other Body, either by Putrefaction,
or Arefaction, as the Adnentitious Moifture, which hangeth loofe in the
Body, if it be not drawne out, For it betrayeth and tolleth forth the /e-
nate and Radicall Moiftare, along with it, when it felfe goeth forth, And
therefore in Living Creatures, Moderate Sweat doth preferue the Iuyce
of the Body. Note that thefe Rofés, when you take them from the Dry-
ing, hauc little or no Smell ; So that the Smell isa Second Smell, that if-
fueth out of the Flower afterwards. ;

The Continuance of Flame, according vnto the diuerfity of the Bo-
dy Enflamed, and other Circumftances,is worthy the Enquiry ; Chiefly,
for that though Flame be(almoft)ofa Momentany Lafting, yet it recei-
ueth the More, and the Leffe we will firft therfore fpeake(at large) of
Bodies Enflamed, wholly, and Immediately, without any Weke to helpe
the Inflammation, A Spoonefull of Spirit of Wine, a little heated, was
taken, and itburntas long ascame to 116. Pulfes, The fame Quanti-
ty of Spirit of Wine, Mixed with the Sixth Part of a Spoonefill of Nitre,
burnt but to thefpace of 94, Pulfes. Mixed with the like Quantity of
Bay-/alt, 83. Pulfes, Mixed with the like te of Gunpowder, which
diffolued into a Blacke water, r10.Pulfes. A Cube, or Pellet of rellow
Waxe, was taken, as much as halfe the Spirit of Wine, and fet in the Mid-
deft, and it burnt onely to the fpace of 87. Pulfes, Mixed with the Sixth
Part of a fpoonefull of séilke, it burnt to the fpace of roo, Pulfes; And
the Milke was crudled, Mixed with the Sixth Part of a {poonefull of
Water, it burnt to the {pace of 86, Pulfes,; With an Equall Quantity of
Water, onely to the {pace of 4.Pulfes, A {mall Pebble was laid in the
Middeft, and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the fpace of 94, Pulfes. A
Peece of Wood, of the Bigneffe of an Arrow , and about a Fingers
length, was fet vp in the Middeft, and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the
fpace of 94. Pulfes, So that the Spirit of Wine Simple, endured the
longeft; And the Spirit of Wine with the Bay-/alt, and the Equal Qwan-
tity of Water, were the fhorteft. -

Confider well, whether the more {peedy Going forth of the flame, be

caufed,

———

’ (Century. LV. 99

caufed, bythe Greater Vigour of the Flame in Burning ; Or by the Ref-
lance ot the Body mixed, and the 4wver/ion thereofto take Flame: Which
will appeare by the Quantities of the Spirit of Wine, that remaineth afrer
‘the Going outof the Flame, And it feemeth cleerely to be the latter; For
that the Mixture of Things leaft apt to burne, is the Speedieft in going
our. And note, by the way, that Spirit of Wine burned, till it goe out of
lit felfe, willburne no more ; And tafteth nothing {0 hot in the Mouth,
‘\asitdid ; No noryet fowre, (as if it were a degree towards Vinegar,)
‘which Burnt Wine doth ; but flarand dead.
| Note, thatin the Experiment of Wax aforefaid, the Wax diffolued in 368
the burning, and yer did not incorporate it felfe, with the Spirit of Wine,
to produce one Flame ; but wherefoeuer the Wax floated, the Flame for-
fooke ir, till ar Jaft it {pread all ouer, and put the Flame quite out.

The Experiments ot the Mixtures of the Spirit of Wine enflamed, are 369
| Things of difcouerie, and not of Vfe : But now wee will {peake of the
| Comtinuance of Flames, {uch as are vfed for Candles, Lamps, or Tapers ;
/conlifting of /aflammable Matters, and of a Wieke that proucketh Jnfls-
mation, And this importeth not only Difcouerie, but alfo V{e and Pro-

fit; For itis a great Saving, in all fuch Lights; ifthey can be made as faire
‘and brightas others, and yerlaftlonger. Wax Pare made intoa Candle,
land Wax Atixed feuerally into Candle-ftuffe, with the Particulars that
follow ; (viz. Water, Aqua-vite, Milke, Bay-falt, Oyle, Batter, Nitrer,
Brimftone, Saw-du/i,) Euery of thefe bearing a Sixth Part to the wax;
And euery of thefe Candles mixed, being of the fame Weight and Wicke
with the Wax Pure, proved thus inthe Burning, and Lafting. The Swif-
teftin Confuming was that with Saw-da/? ; Which firft burned faire, till
fome part of the Candle was confumed, and the Duft gathered about the
Snafte ; But then it made the Snaftebigge, and long, and to burne duf-
kifhly, and the Candle wafted in halfe the time of the Wax Pare. The

_|nextin Swiftnefle, were the Oyle, and Butter, which confumed, by a

Fifth part, fwifterthan the Pare Wax. Then followed in Swiftneffe the
(CleareWax it felfc. Then the Bay-Salt,which lafted about an Eighth part
longer than the Cleare Wax. Then followed the Aqua-vite, which lafted
jabout a Fifth part longer than the Cleare Wax. Then followed the wilke,

and Water, with little difference from the 4qua-vita, but the Water flow-

eft, Andinthefe fourelaft, the Wieke would fpit forth little Sparks. For
\the Witre, it would not hold lighted abouefome Twelue Pulfés ; But all
_ the while it would {pit out Portions of Flame, which afterwards would
| goe outintoa vapour. For the Brim/lone, it would hold lighted, much
about the fame time with the Witre ; Butthenafter alittle while,it would
harden and cake about the Snafte ; So that the Mixture of Bay-Sale with

= will winne an Eighth part of the time of lafting, andthe Water a

Fitth.

After the Seuerall Materialls were tried, Triall was likewife made of] 570
feuerall Wiekes ; As of Ordinary Cotton ; Sowing Thred ; Rufh - Silke;
Straw sand Wood, The Silke, Straw, and Wood, would flame alittle, till |

O they

a ng

rN

wre

———_———___
;

| Natural Fiiftory:

they cameto the/V/ax, and then goe out: of the Other Three, the Zhred
| confumed fafter than the Cotton, by a Sixth part of Time : The Cotton
next: Then the Xa/d confumed flower than the Coton, by at leaftathird
partoftime. Forthe Bignefle ofthe Flame, the Cotton, and Thred, cafta
Flame muchalike ; and the Ra/b much lefle, and dimmer. Qsare, whe-
ther Wed, and Wiekes both, as in Torches, confume fafter, than the Wiekes
| Simple?

371 | Wehauefpoken of the Seuerall Matertalls, and the Senerall Wiekes :
| But tothe /a/ting of the Flame, it importeth alfo ; Not only what the Ma-
| teriall is, but in the fame Material, whether itbe Hard, Soft,Old,New,
&c. Good Houfewines, to make their Candles burne the longer, vfe to
lay them (one by one) in Bras, or Flower, which makethem harder,
and fo they Confume the {lower : Infomuch, as by this meanes, they
will out-laft other Candles, of the fame Stufte, almoft Halfe in Halfe. For
Bran and Flower haue a Vertue to Harden: So that both Age, and lying
inthe Bran, doth helpe to the Lafting. And wee fee that Wax Candles

laft longer than Tallow Candles, becaufe ax is more firme, and hard,

372 The Za/ting of Flame alfo dependeth vpon the eafe Drawing of the
Nowrifhment; As we fee in the Court of England, thereis a Seruice which
they call AU-night ; whichis (as it were) a great Cake of Wax, with the
Wieke in the Middeft ; whereby it commeth to paffe, that the Wieke
fetcheth the Nourifhment further off. Wee fee alfo that Lamps laft lon-
ger, becaufe the Veflell is farre broader, than the Bredthofa Taper, or
Candle.

Take a Twrretted Lampe of Tinne, made in the forme of a Squire ; The
Heighth of the Turret being thrice as much, as the length of the lower
part, whereupon the Lampe ftandeth : Makeonly one Hole init, at the
End of the Returne furtheft from the Tarret, Reuerfe it, and fill it full
of Gile, by that Hole; And then fet it vpright againe; And puta Wieke
inatthe Hole ; And lighten it: You fhall finde, that it will burne flow,
andalongtime. Which is caufed, (as was faid laft before,) for that the
Flame fetcheth the Noarifoment a farre off. You thall finde alfo, thatas
the Osle wafteth, and defcendeth, fothe Top of the Turret, by little and
little, filleth with Aire ; which is caufed by the RarefaGtion of the Oile

' by the Heat. It were worthy the Obferuation, to make a Hole, in’the
Top ofthe T#rret, andto trie, when the Oile is almoft confumed, whe-
ther the Aire made of the Oile, if you put toita Flame of a Candle, inthe
letting of itforth, will Enflame. It were good alfo to haue the Lampe

.| made, not of Tinne, but of Gla/fe, that you may fee how the Vapour, or
| Aire gathereth, by degrees, in the Top. |
374 A fourth Point, that importeth the /a/fing of the Flame, is the Clo/e-
ne(je of the Aire, wherein the Flame burneth. Wee fee, that if Wind
bloweth vpon a Candle, it wafteth apace. We fee alfo, it lafteth longer in
a Lanthorne, thanatlarge. And there are Traditions of Lamps, and Can-
| dies, that haue burnt very long time, in Cawes, and Tembes.

375 | A Fifth Point, that importeth the Za/ting of the Flame, is the ar

100

373

(Century. LV.
of che dire, where the Flame burneth ; whether it be Hot or Cold;
Moift or Drie. The Aire, ifit be very Cold, irricateth the Flame, and ma-
keth ic burne more fiercely ; (As Fire {corcheth in Froftie weather; )
And fo furchereth the Con/amption, The Aire once heated, (I conceiue)
maketh the Flameburne more mildly, and fo helpeth the Continuance.
The aire, ifitbe Drie, isindifferent : The Aire, itit be Aoif?, doth ina
Degree quench the Blame : (As wee fee Lights will goe outin the Damps
of Atines: ) And howfoeuer maketh it burne more dully ; And fo hel-

| peth the Continuance,
Burials in Earth erue for Prefernation ; And for Condenfatios ; And
for Induration of Bodies, And if you intend Conden/ation, or Induration,
| you nay burie the Badies 0, as Earth may touch them : Asif you will
make “rtificiall Porcellane, &c, And the like you may doe tor Con/erus-
| sion, it the Badses be Hard, and Solid ; AsClay, Wood, &c. Butif you
intend Pre(ernation ot Bodies, more Softand Tender, then you mutt doe
, one ofthefe two : Either you muft put them in Ca/es, whereby they may
not touch the Earth ; Orelfe you muft vault the Earth, whereby it may
_ hang ouerchem, and not touch them ; For if the Barth touch them, it
| will Coe more hurt, by the Moifture, caufing them to putrifie, than good
by the vircuall Cold, to conferuethem ; Except the Earth be very Drie,
and Sandie.

An Orenge, Limon, aid Apple, wraptina Linnen Cloth, being buried
fora Forthnights Space, foure Foot deepe within the Earth, though it
were in a Moift Place, and a Rainie Time, yer came forth, no wayes
Mouldie, or Rotten, but were become a little harder than they were;
Otherwife freth in their Colour; But their Iuyce fomewhar flatted, But
with the Buréall of a Forthnight more they became Putrified.

A Bottle of Beere, buried in like manner, as before , became more
linely, better tafted, and Clearer, thanit was, And a Bottle of Wine in
likemanner, A Bottle of Vinegar, {o buried, came forth more liuely, and
more Odoriferous, {melling almoft like a Violet. And after the whole
Moneths Bwrsall, all the Three came forth, as frefh and lively, if not
better, than before. hie’:

_. It werea profitable Experiment,to preferue Orenges, Limons,and Pow-
Sranates, till Summer ; For then their Price will be mightily increafed.
' This may be done, if you put them in a Pot or Veflell,, well couered,that
the Me/ture of the Earth comenot at them ; Or elfe.by putting them ina
| Conferuaterie of Snow, And generally, whofoeuer will make Experi-
ments of Cold, let him be prouided of three Things.;.A Con/ernatorie of

| Saow; A good large Vault, twenty foorat leaft vndershe Ground,And}

a Deepe Well, ~~ phase 2. 5UEL)
There hath beenea Tradition, that Pearle, arid Coral, and, Taurchess-

| Stone, that haue loft their Colours, may be recouered by Burysngin the:

| Earth : Which isa ching of great profir,if it would fort: But vpon Triall.

O2 in

‘

| of Six Weekes Baral, there followedno Effect. It weregood:to tris it,

377

378
379
380

Experiments
in Confort
touching B4-
rials ox Inifxfi-
ons ot diuers
Bodies in Earth,
376

aoa

EO2

a

—

ee ee ee ee

| Experiment
| Solitary, cou-
| ching the 4
| fds im Revs

| Natural Firflory:

in a Deepe weil Orin a Conferaatory ot Snow, where the Cold may be:
more'Conftringent ; And fo make the Bedy more vnited, and thereby
| indore Refplendent.

Mons Bodies ateheauier, and leffe difpofed to Motion, when Ser-
therwe Winds blow, tlian when .\ ertherne. The Canfe is, for that when
the Soatherde Winds blow, the Humoursdoe (in fome Degree) mele,

_ | Bodies from Se | and ware Aluide, and fo flow into the Parts; As itis feene in Weed, and

weak Winds.

381

Experimenc
Solitary tou-
ching IPiater
and Summer
Sickae|fes.
382

Experiment
Solitary cou-
ching Peflidents-
alt $ cafaiis.

583

Experiment
Solitary, rou-
ching an Evvour
reccined about
EpidewncatlD f-
cafes.

384

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Alte-
vation or Prefer-
sation.of Li-
quours in Wells,
or deepe Vaults.

385

‘other Bodtes ; which, when the Southerne Winds blow,doe {well. Befides,

the Motion and AQuuity of the Body confifteth chiefly in the Sinewes,
which, when the Seutherne Wind bloweth, are more relaxe,

Iris commonly feene, that more are Sick in the Summer, and more
Dye in the Winter; Except itbe in Pe/filent Difeafes, which commonly
raigne in Swmmer, or Autumne. The Reafon is, becaufe Difea/es are bred
(indeed) chiefly by Heat ; Butthen they are Cured moft by Sweat, and
Purges Whichin the Summer commeth on, or is prouoked more Eafily:
As for Peftilent Défeafes, the Reafon why moft Dye of them in Steamer,
is becausfe they are bred molt in the Sumeer ; For otherwife thofe that
are touched are in moft Danger in the Winter.

The Generall Opinion is, that Yearés Hot and Moi/?, are mot Pe/ti-
lent’ Vipon the Superficiall Ground, that Heat and Moifture caufe Pa-
trefattios, In England it is found not true 3 For, many times, there have
becne great Plagues in Dyy Tears: VWhereof the Caufe may be,for that
Drought in the Bodies of landers, habituate to Moift Aires, doth Bxaf-.
perate the Humours, and maketh them more aprto Putrifie, or En-
flame: Befides, it tainteth the Waters (commionly -) and maketh them
leffe wholefome.’ And againe in Barbary, the Plagwes breake vp in’ the
Suimmer-moneths, when the Weather is Hot and Dry,

» > Many Difeafes, (both Epidemicall,and others.) breake forth at Parté-
culty times, And the Can/e is falfely imputed to the Comffitution of the
Aire, at that time, when they breake forth, or raigne; whereas it procée-
deth (indeed) from'a Precedent Sequence, and Series of the Seafons of the
Yeare ‘And therefore Hippocrates, in his Prognofticks, doth make good
Obferuations, of the Dé/cafes, that enfue vpon the Watwre, of the Prece-
dent fore Seafonsof the Yeare. °° . 7 ae

‘Triallhath beene made, with Earthen Bottles well topped, hanged
in a Welliof Twenty Fathome deepe,at theleaft; And fome of the Bor-
sles haue beene letdowne into the Water, fome others haue hanged a-
boue, within'aboutafathome of the Water; And the Liguonrs fo tried
haue beene, Beere, (not New, but Ready for drinking, ) anid Wine, and
Milke: The Proofe hath beene, that both the Beere, and the Wine, Cas
well within tater, as aboue,)haue not beene palled or deaded at all;Bue}

as

(Century. VV.

as 004, or forne\vhat berter,than Bottles ofthe fame Drinks, and Stale-
neff , kent in aCeller, Bat thofe which did hang aboue Wacer, were ap-
parently the beit; And that Beere did flower a lictles whereas that vnder
Wer did nor, hough itwere Freth, The Audkefowred, and began to
Putrific. Newertheleffe iris true, that there is « Village ncare Blow,where
in Decpe Canes they doe thicken Wilke; In fach fort, thatit becommerh
very pleafant ; Which was fome Caw/e of this Trial! of Hanging Milke
in che Well : But our proofe was navghr ; Neither doe I know, whether
thar Atilke in thofe Caves, be firft boyled. It were good therefore to tr
iewith Avilke Sodden, andwith Creame; For thar Addke of it felfe is
fuch a Compound Body, of Creame,Curds, and Whey, as it is eafi'y Tur-
ned, and Diffolued. Ic were good alfo to try the Beere, when itis in
Wort, that it may be feene, whether the Hanging in the Well, will Accele-
rate the Ripeming and Clarifying of it.

Divers, we fee, doe Stat, The Caufé may be, (in moft,) the Refri-
geration of the Tongue; VWhereby itis leffeapt to moue, And therfore
wefte, that Narwralls doc generally Stwt: And we {ee that in thofe thar
Stat, if they drinke Wine moderately they Seat lefle,becaufe itheatcth:
And fo we fee, that they that St#t, doe Stat morein the firft Offer to
fpeake, than in Continuance ; Becaufe the Tongue is, by Motion, fome-
what heared. In fomealfo, ir may be, (though rarely,) the Drineffe of
thé "Tomgwe ; which likewife maketh it leffe apt to mouc, as well as Cold;
Forit isan Affe@ thar commeth to fome Wife and Great Men; As it did
vito ‘Mofes, who was Lingueprapedite; And many Stutters (we finde)
are very Cholericke Men, Choler Enducing a Drineffe in the Tongue,

Smells, and other Odours, are Sweeter in the Aire, at fomeDiftance,
thap neare the Nofe; As hath beene partly touched heretofore, The
Canfe is double : Firft the finer Mixture, or Incorporation of the Smell:
Porwe fee thatin Sounds likewife, they are Sweeteft, when we cannot
heare eucry Part by it felfe, The other Rea/on is, for tharall Sweet
Smells hauc ioyned with them, fome Earthy or Crude Odours,; And at
fome diftance the Sweet, which is the more Spirituall,is Perceiued;And
the Zarthy reacheth notfo farre. a4

~ Sweet Smells ate moft forcible, in Dry Swb/ffances, when they are
Broken; And fo likewife in Orenges, or Limons, the Nipping of their
Rinde, giueth our their Smell more: And generally, when Bodies are

Moued or Stirred, though not Broken, they Smell more; Asa Sweet-
Bagge waued. The Canfeisdouble: The one, for that there is a Gres-
ter Emiffion of the Spirit, when Way ismade: And this holdeth in the
Breaking, Nipping, or Crufbing ; It holdcth alfo, (in fome Degree) in the
Moting: Bucin thislaft, there is a Concurrence of the Second Cau/e ;
Which is the Zmpulfion of the Aire, thatbringeth the Sent fafter vp-
on vs, |
~ The daintieft Smells of Flowers, are out of thofe Plamts,whofe Leaues

; /mell

[03

Experimenc
Solitary, tou-
ching Stating

386

Experiments
in Conferr,
touching
Smells.

387

388

389

‘sf 104. Natural Fiftory :

fmell not; As Yiolets, Rofes, Wall-flowers, Gilly-flowers, Pinckes, Woods
bines,Vine-flowers, Apple-Bloomes, Lime-Tree Bloomes, Beane-Bloomes ,&c.
The Gaufe is, for that where there1s Heat and f{trength enough in the
Plant, to make the Leawes Odorate, there the Smell of the Flower is ra-
ther Euanide and Weaker, than that of the Zeawes; As it is in Rofe-Ma-
ry-Flowers, Lawender-Flowers, and Sweet-Briar-Rofes. Butwhere there
is leffe Heat, there the Spirit of the Plant, is difgetted and refined, and
feuered from the Groffer Iuyce,in the Efflorefccnce,and not before,
\ 390 Mott Odours {mell belt, Broken or Crufbt, ashath beenc faid; But
Flowers Prefféd or Beaten, doc leefe the Frethneffe and Swectneffe of
their Odour. The Cau/e is, for that when they are Crufbed, the Groffer
and more Earthy Spirit commeth out with the Finer, and troubleth it;
Whereas in ftronger Odours there are no {uch Degrees of the Iffue of
the Smell,

-] Experiments It is a Thing of very good Vie, to Difcouer the Guedneffe of Waters.
ee hy The Za/fe, to thofe that Drinke Water onely, deth fomewhat: But other
Gerdze(iand | Experementsaremorc{ure, Firft, try Waters by Weight; Wherein you

Choice of Water. | may finde fome difference, though not much: And the Lighter you

391 mayaccountthe Berter.

392 Secondly, try them by Bayling vpon an Equal Fire: And that which
confumeth away fafteft, you may account the Beft.

353. Thirdly, try them in Seweral Bottles, or Open Veffells, Matches in

cuery Thing elfc, and fee which of them Laff Longeff, without Stench,
or Corruption. And that which holdeth Vnputrified longeft, you may
likewite account the Beft. .

394 Fourthly, try them by Making Drinkes Stronger, or Smaller, with
the fame Quantity of Mault; And you may conclude, that that Water,
which maketh the Stronger Drinke, is the more Concoéted, and Nou-

| rifhing ; though perhaps it be not fo good for Medicinal vfe, And fuch

| Water (commonly) is the Water of Large and Nawigable Rivers: And like-
wife in Large and Cleane Ponds of Standing water : Purvpon both them,
the Sunne hath more power, than vpon Fountaines, or Small Rivers.
And I conceiue that Chalke-water is next them the beft, for going fur- |
theft in Drinke : For that alfo helpeth Cencoction ; So it be out of a Decpe
| Well; For then it Cureth the Rawnefle of the Water; But Chalkie Water,
towards the Top of the Earth, is too fretting;As it appeareth in Laun-
dry of Cloaths, which weare out apace, if you vfefuch Waters,

395 Fifthly, The Houfwiues doe finde a Difference in Waters, for the
Bearing, ot Not Bearing of Soape: And itis likely that the more Fat Wa-
ter will beare Soape beft; For the Hungry water doth kill the Vnctuous
Nature of the Soaper,

396 Sixthly, youmay make aIudgement of Waters, according to the
Place, whence they Spring, ot Come : The Rain-Water is, by the Phyfi-
tians, eftcemed the Fineft, and.the beft ; Bur yet it is faid to putrifie foo-
neft; which is likely, becaufe of the Finenefle of the Spirit: And in Cen-

Sermasories'

RR RR

Century LV.
ferustories of Raine-water, (fuch as they haue in Venice, &c.) they are
found not fo Choice waters ; The worfe, (perhaps,) becaufe they are
Couered aloft,and keptfrom the Sunne. S'‘sow-water isheld vnwhole-
fome; In fo much as the People, that dwell at the Foot of the Sxow-
| Afountaines, or otherwife ypon the Afcent, (efpecially the Women 3) by
drinking of Snow-water , haue great Bagges hanging ynder their
Throats, Well-water, except it be vpon Chalke, or a very plentifull
Spring, maketh MeatRed ; which is anill Signe, Springs on the Tops
of High-Hills are the beft: Forborhtheyfeemeto haue a Lightneffe,
and Appetite of Mounting; And befides they are moft pure and Vn-
mingled; Andagaine are more Percolated thorow a great Space of
Earth. For Waters in Valleyes, ioyne in effe@ vnder Ground with all
Waters of the {ame Leuell; Whereas Springs, on the Tops of Hills,
paffe thorow a great deale of Pure Earth, with leffé Mixture of other
Waters.

Seuenthly, Iudgement may be made of Waters by the Soyle where-

the Water runneth; As Pebble is the Cleaneft, and beft tafted; And
next to that Clsy-water ; And Thirdly , Water vpon Chalke ; Fourth-
ly, that vpon Sand; And Wort of all vpon Mudde, Neither may you
trutt Waters that Taffe Sweet; For they are commonly found in Ri-
fing Grounds of great Cities; which muft needs take ina great deale
of Filth.

In Pera, and divers Parts of the We/? indies, chough vnder the Zine,
the Heats are not {o Intolerable, as they be in Barbary, and the Skirts
of the Torrid Zome. The Cases are, Firftthe Great Brizes, which the
Motion of the Aire in great Circles, (fuch as are vnder the Gir-
dle of the World,) produceth; VVhich doe refrigerate; And there-
fore in thofe Parts Noone is nothing fo hot, when the Brizes
are great, as about Nine or Ten of the Clocke in the Fore-Noone,
Another Cas/e is, for that the Length of the Night, and the Dewes
thereof, doe compenfe the Heat of the Day, A third Casfe is the
Stay of the Sunne ; Not in Refpe& of Day and Night, ( for that
wee f{pake of before,) but in Refpe& of the Seafon; For ynder the
Lime, the Sunne croffeth the Zine, and maketh two Summers,and two
Winters ; But in the Skirts of the Torrid Zone, it doubleth, and goeth
backe againe, and fo maketh one Long Summer.

The Heat of the Swsme maketh ates Blacke in fome Countries,
as: i e£:thiopia, and Ginny, &cc, Fire doth it not, as wee fee iti Glafe-
Men, that are continually about the Fire, The Reafon may be, be-
caufe Fire doth licke vp the Spirits, and Bloud of the Body, fo as
they Exhale; So that it ever maketh Men looke Pale, and Sallow;
But the Swsme, which is a Gentler Heat, doth but draw the Bloud

to

10§

397

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Tem-
perate Heat yn-
der the Aqui-
noétiall.

398

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Colo-
ration of Elacke
and Tavwiey
Moores.

399

106

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Motion
after the In-

flaat of Death.

400

Naturall Aiftory:

to the Outward Parts; And rather Concoéteth it, than Soaketh it:
And therefore wee fee that all ¢4:thopes are Flefhy , and Plumpe,
and haue great Lips; All which betoken Moisture retained, and not
drawne out, Wee fee alfo, that the Negroes are bred in Coun-
tries that haue Plenty of Water, by Riwers, or otherwife: For Aferoe,
which was the Metropolis of eAithiepia, was vpona great Lake: And
Congo, where the Negroes are, is full of Rivers, And the Confines
of the Riuer Wiger, where the Negroes alfo are, are well watered:
And the Region about Capo Verde, is likewife Moift, in fo much as
it is peftilent through Moifture: But the Countries of the 4by/enes,
and Barbary, and Pera, where they are Tawney, and Oliuafter, and
Pale, are generally more Sandy, and Dry. As for the e£thiopes,
as they are Plumpe, and Flefhy ; So ( ic may bee ) they are San-
guine , and ruddy Coloured, if their blacke Skinne would fuffer it
to be feene.

Some Creatures doe mdue a good whileafter their Head is off;
As Birds; Some a very little time; As Men, and all beafts; Some
mouc, though cut in feuerall Pieces ; As Smakes, Eeles, Wormes,
Flies, &c. Firft therefore it is certaine, that the Jmmedsate Caufeo
of Death, is the Refolution or Extinguifhment of the Spirits ; And
that the Deftruion or Corruption of the Organs, is but the Me-
diate Caufe, But fome Organs are fo peremptorily neceflary, that the
Extinguifhment of the Spirits doth fpeedily follow ; But yet fo, as
there is an Jgtertm of a Small Time. It is reported by one of the
Ancients, of credit, that a Sacrificed Beaft hath lowed, after the Heart
hath beene feuered 3 And it is a Report alfo of Credit, that the
Head of a Pigge hath beene opened, and the Braine put into the
Palme of a Mans hand, trembling, without breaking any partof it,
or feuering it from the Marrow of the Back-bone; During which
time the Pigge hath beene, in all appearance, ftarke dead , and with-
out Motion; And after a {mall Time the Braine hath beene repla-
ced, and the Skull of the Pigge clofed , and the Pigge hath a little
after gone abour. And certaine it is, that an Eye vpon Resenge
hath beene thruft forth, fo as it hanged a pretty diftance by the 7
faall Nerve, And during that time the Eye hath beene without any
Power of Sight ; And yet after (being replaced) recouered Sight.
Now the Sperits are chiefly in the Head, and Cells of the Braine,
which in Mes, and Beafts are Large; And therefore, when the Head
is off, they moue little or Nothing. But Birds haue fimall Heads,
and therefore the Spirits are a little more difperfed in the Simewes,}
| whereby Motion remaineth in them a little longer; In fo much as
it is Extant in Story, that an Emperoar of Rome, to fhew the Cer-
tainty of his Hand, did Shoote a great Forked Arrow at an Effrich,
as fhee ranne fwiftly vpon the Stage, and ftrooke off her Heads
nd!

(Century, IV.

And yet fhee continued the Race, a little way, with the Head off.
As for Wormes, and Flies, and Eeles, the Spirtts are diffufed al.
moft all ouer ; And therefore they moue in
their Scuerall Pieces.

P NAT V-

107

A 39 ARIA i TT
det div ,yow stint?

itis sis eae a3 F

will now enguire of Plants or Vege-
| tables: And'we thall doc it with dili-
| gence. re the principall Part
| of the Third DayesWorke. They are
the firlt Producat, whichis the Word
| of Animation : For the other Words
abut the Words of Effence ; And
they are of excellent and generall V{c,

for Food, Medicine, and a Number of Mechanicall Arts.

There were fowen ina Bed, Turnip-Seed, Radifh-Seed, Wheat, Cucum-
ber-Seed, and Peafe. The Bed we call a Hot-Bed, and the Manner of itis
|| this. There was taken Horfe-dung, old, and well rotted ; This was laid
| vpona Banke, halfea foot high,and fupported round about with Planks;
And vpon the Top was calt Sifted Earth, fome two Fingers deepe ; And
then the Seed fprinkled vpon ir, having beene fteepedall night in Water
Mixed with Cow-dung, The Turnip-Seed, and the Wheat came vp halfe
an Inch aboue Ground, within two dayesafter, without any Watring,
The Reft the third day. The Experiment was made in Odfober ; And (it
may be) in the Spring, the Accelerating would haue bene the {peedier.
This is a Noble Experiment ; For without this helpe, they would haue

D2

— ——— —

beene

109

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Accileration of
Germination.

401

~~

402

404

mee

accent a ci

Natural Fiiftory:

beene foure times as long in comming vp. But there doth not occurre to
tne, at this prefent, any vfe thereof, for profit ; Exceptit fhould be for
Sowing of Peafe 5 which haue their Price very much increafed, by the
early Comming. It may be tried alfo with Cherries, Strawberries, and
other Fruit, whichare deareft, when they comeearly,

There was Wheat, fteeped in Water mixed with Cow-Dung ; Otherin
Water mixed with Hor/e-Dung ; Other in Water mixed with Pigcon-Dung;
Other in Yrine of Man ; Other in Water mixed with Chalke powdred ;
Other in Water mixed with Soot ; Other in Water mixed with Afbes;
Other in Water mixed with Bay-Salt ; Other in Claret Wine ; Other in
Malmfey ; Other in Spirit of Wine. The Proportion of the Mixture was,
a fourth Part of the Ingredients to the Water ; Sauethat there was not of
the Sa/t aboue an eighth Part. The rine, and Wines, and Spirit of Wine,
were Simple without Mixture of Water. The Time of the Steeping was
twelue houres, The Time of the Yeare Ocfober, There was alfo other
Wheat owen vnfteeped, but watred twice a day with Warme water, There
was alfo other Wheat fowen Simple to compare it with the reft. The
Euent was; That thofe that were in the Mixture of Dang, and Vrine, and
Soot, Chalke, Afbes, and Salt, came vp within fix dayes : And thofe that
afterwards proued the Higheft, Thickeft, and moft Luftie, were ; Firft
the Vrine ; Ane then the Dawgs; Next the Chalke ; Next the Soot ; Next
the Afbes ; Next the Salt; Next the Wheat Simple of it felfe, vnfteeped,
and vnwatered; Nextthe Watered twicea day with warme water ; Next
the Claret Wine. So that thefe three laft were flower than the ordinary
Wheat of it felfe ; And this Culture did rather retard, than aduance. As
for thofe that were fteeped in Malms/ey,and Spirit of Wine,they came not
vpatall. Thisis a Rich Experiment for Profit ; For themoft of the Stee-
pings are Cheape Things ; And the Goodnefle of the Crop is a great
Matter of Gaine ; If the Goodnefle of the Crop anfwer the Earlineffe of
the Comming vp: As itis likeit will ; Both being from the vigour of the
Seed; Which alfo partly appeared in the Former Expersments, as hath |
beene faid. This Experiment would be tried in other Graines, Seeds, and
Kernels : Foritmay be fome Steeping will agree beft with fome Seeds. |
It would be tried alfo with Roots fteeped as before, but for longer tame_- |
It would be tried alfo in Seweral Seafons of the Yeare, efpecially the
| Spring,

tTiiebanrie watered now and then, (as once in three dayes,) with}
Water, wherein hath beene fteeped Sheepes-dung, or Pigeons-dung, will
preuent andcomeearly, And itis like, the fame Effeét would follow in ,
other Berries, Herbs, Flowers, Graines, or Trees. Andthereforeit is an |
| Experiment , though vulgar in Strawberries, yet not brought into vie
generally : For it is vfuall tohelpethe Ground with Mucke ; And like-
wife to Recomfort it fometimes with Mucke put to the Roots ; But to
— it with AMacke water, which is like to be more Forcible, is not pra-
Giled. rug

Dung, ot Chalke, or Bloud, applied in Subftance, (feafonably,) to the
Roots

}

ee

ar “a

/

A OS Oa aes eee

(Century: V.

‘Roots of Trees, doth fer them forwards. But to doe it ynto Herbs,
‘without Mixcure of Mater or Earth, it may bethefe Helpes are too
Hot.

Tine former Meanes of Helping Germination, are either by the Geod-
néffe and Strength of the Nowrifbment ; Or by the Comforting, and Exci-
ting the Spiritsin the Plant, co draw the Nourifhment better. And of

this latter kinde, concerning the Comforting of the Spirits of the Plant,
arealforhe experiments thacfollow Thoughthey be not Applicati-
‘ons tothe Reatjor Seed. The Planting of Trees warme vpon alWallagaintt
| the South, or South-Eaft Sunne, doth haften their Comming on, and
' Ripening ; And the South-Eaft is found to be better than the South-
| Welt, though the South-Weit be the Horter Coaft. But the caufe is
| chiefly, for chat the Heatof the Morning fucceedeth the Cold of the
Night: and partly, becaufe (many times) the South-weft Sunne is too
Parching. So likewife the Planting of them vpon the Backe of a Chimney,
| where a Fire is kept,doth haften their Comming on, and Ripening :
| Nay more, the Drawing of the Boughes into the infide of a Roome,where
|a-Fire is continually kept; worketh the fame Effe@; Which hath beehe
tried with Grapes 3 In fo much as they will come a Moneth earlier,than
the Grapes abroad. ) is
» Befidesthe two Meanes of Accelerating Germination formerly defcri-
bed , Tharis to fay, the Mending of the Nourifhment ; and Comforting of
the Spirit of the Plant; there isa Third; Which is the Making way for
the Eafie Comming vo the Nowrifiment, and Drawing it. And therefore
Gentle Digging and Loofening of the Earth about the Roots of Trees; And
the Remouing Herbs and Flowers into new Earth, once in two yeares,
(which is the fame thing, For the new Earth iseuer loofer,)doth great-
ly further the Pre/pering, and Earlineffe of Plants.

But the moft admirable Acceleration by Facilitating the Nourifoment,
is that of Water, Fora Standard of a Damaske Rofe with the Root on,
was fet ina Chamber, where no Fire was, vpright in an Earthen Pan,
full of Faire Wester, withoutany Mixture, halfe a foot vnder the Water,
the Standard being more then twofoorhigh abouc the Water : Within

the Space of ten dayes, the Standard did put fortha faire Greene leafe,’

and fome other little Buds, which ftocd ata ftay, without any Shew of
decay or withering, more then feuen Daies. But afterwards that Leafe
faded ,but the young Buds did fprout on; whichafterward opened into
| faire Leaves, in the fpace of three Moneths; And continued fo a while
after, tillypon Remouall wt left: the Trial], But note that the Leases
_were fomewhat paler, and lightcr-coloured, than the Zeawes vfe to be
labroad. Note thar the firft Buds were in the End of Ocfober ; And it is
likely that iftit had beene inthe Spring time, it would hane put forth
‘with greater firength, and (it may be) to haue growne on to beate
| Flowers, By this Meanes, you may haue, (as it feemeth,) Rofes fer in
the middeit of a Poole, being fupported with fome ftay; Which is Mat-
ter of Rareneffz and Pleafirre, though of fmall Vfe. This is the more
ftrange,

f OT

Il

405

406

407

mess

112 Naturak Fifory:

ftrange,for that the like Rofe-ftandard was put,at the fame time, into Wa-
ter mixed with Hor/e-dung, the Horfe-dung about the fourth Part to the
Water,and in foure Moneths fpace(while it was obferued) put not forth
any Leafe, though diuers Buasat the firft, as the other,

408 A Dutch Flower, that had a Balbous Root, was likewife put, atthe
fame time, all vnder Water, {ome two or three Fingers deepe; And
within feuen dayes fprouted, and continued long after, further Grow-

ling. There werealfo put in, a Beet-Root, a Berrage-Root, anda Raddifh-
| Root,which had al their Zeawes cut almoft clofe to the Roots; And within
fix weekes had faire Leawes; And fo continued, till the end of Nomember,

409 Note that if Roots, or Pea/e, or Flowers, may be Accelerated in their
Commingand Ripening, there is a double Profit; The onein the high
Price that thofe Things beare when they come early : The other inthe
Swiftne(fe of their Retwrnes: For in fome Grounds which are ftrong,
you fhall hauea Raddi/b,&c.come ina Month; That in other Grounds
willnotcome in two; And fo makedouble Returnes.

410 7 Wheat alfo was put into the Water,and came not forth at all; So as
it feemeth there mutt be fome Strength and Bulke in the Body,put inte
the Water, as it is in Roots; For Graimes, or Seeds, the Cold of the Water
will mortifie. But cafually fome Wrat lay vnder the Pan, which was
fomewhat moiftned by the Suing of the Pan ; which in fix weekes (as a-
forefaid) looked mouldy to the Eye, but it was {prouted forth halfe a
Fingers length,

All Itfeemeth by thefe J#ffances of Water, that for Nourifhment, the

~ | Water is almoft all in all and that the Earth doth but keepe the Plame vp-
right, and faue it from Ouer-heat, and Ouer-cold ; And therefore is a
Comfortable Experiment for g00d Drinkers. It proueth alfo that our
former Opiston ; That Drinke incorporate with Fleth, or Roots, (as in
Ree &c,) will nourifh more eafily,than Meat and Drinke taken
euerally.

412 The Houfing of Plants (I conceiue)will both Accelerate Germination,
and bring forth Flowers and Plants in the Colder Seafons: And as wee}
Houfe Hot.Countrey, Plants, as Limons, Orenges, Myrtles, to faue them;So
‘wemay Houfe our owne Countrey Plants, to forward them, and make
them come in the Cold Seafons ; In fuch fort, that you may haue Vie-
lets, Strawberries, Peafe, all Winter: So that you fow, or remoue them
at fittimes, This Experiment is to be referred vnto the Comforting of the
Spirit of the Plant, by Warmth, as well as Houfing their Boughes, &c, So
then the Meanes, to Accelerate Germinatio® are in Particular eight, in

Generall three,
[a aeen Tomake Rofés, or other Flowers comelate, it isan Experiment of
touching the | Pleafure, For the Ancients efteemed much of Rofa Sera. And indeed

Putiing backeor | the Nowember-Rofe is the {weeteft, haning beene lefle exhaled by the
Retarduion of | Sanne, The Meanesare thefe, Firft, the Catting off their Tops, imme-

ae diately after they haue doneBearing ; And then they will come againe
the

a Century. WN.

‘the fame yeare about Nesember : But they willnot come iuft on the

Tops, where they were cut, but out of thofe Shoots, which were, (as it
were,) ater-Boughes, The Cas/e is, for thatthe Sap, which otherwife
would haue fed the Top,(though after Bearing.) will, by the difcharge
of that, diuertvnto the Side-Sprouts; And they will come to beare,
but later,

The Second is the Pulling off the Buds of the Rofe, when they are
Newly knotted; For then the Side-Branches will beare, The Cawfe is the
fame with the former: For Cwtting off the Tops, and Pulling off the Buds,
worke the fame Effect, in Retention of the Sap fora time, and Diuer-
fion of it to the Sprouts, that were not fo forward,

The Third is the Cutting off fome few of the Top-Bongbes in the
Spring-time, but fuffering the lower Boughes to grow on, TheCan(e is,
for that the Boughes dochelpe to draw vp the Sap more ftrongly; And
we fee that in Powling of Trees, many doe vfe to leauea Bough or two
onthe Top, tohelpeto draw vp the Sap, And it isreported alfo, that
if you gtaft vpon the Bough ofa Tree, and cut off fome of the old

, the new Cions will perith.

The Fourth is by Laying the Roots bare about Chrijtmas, fome dayes,
The Caw/e is plaine,for that it doth arreft the Sap, from going vpwards,
foratime ; Which Arreftis afterwards releafed by the Coucring of the
Root againe with Barth; And then the Sap getteth vp, but later.

The Fifth is the Remsowing of the Tree, fome Moneth before it Buddeth,
The Cau/é is, for that fome time will be required after the Remone, for
the Refetling, before it can draw the Iuyce: And that time being loft,
the Bloffome muft needs come forth later,

The Sixth is the Grafiing of Rofesin May, which commonly Gar-
diners doc not till say; And then they beare not till the Next Yeare ;
But if you graft thetn in Afay , they will beare the fame yeate , bur
late, :

The Seuenth is, the Girding of the Body of the Tree about with fome
Pack-threed ; For that alfo, in adegrec, reftraineth the Sap, and ma-
keth it comevp, more late, and more Slowly.

The Eighth is, the Planting of them ina Shade, or ina Hedge; The
Canfeis, partly the Keeping out of the Sunne, which hafteneth the Sap
torifes And partly the Robbing of them of Nourifhment,by the Stuffe
in the Hedge, Thefe Mcanes may be practifed vpon other, both Trees,
and Flowers, Matatis Mutandis,

Menhaue entertained a Conceit that fheweth prettily ; Namely,
that if you grafta Late-Comming Fruit, vpona Stocke of a Frait-tree that
Commeth early the Graft will beare Fruit Early; As a Peach vpon a Cher-
ty ; Andcontrariwife, if an Early-Comming-Fruit vpon a Stocke of a
Frwit-Tree that Commeth late, the Graft will beare Fruit late ; Asa Cher-
ty vpon a Peach. But thefe are but Imaginations, and vntrue, The Caw/e
is, for that the Cions ouetruleth the Stocke quite ; And the Stocke is

| but Paffiue onely, and giveth Aliment, but no Motion to the Graft.

We

414

Als

416

417

418

4I9

420

Arr

(=

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Meliovation of
Fruits, Trees,
and Plants.

422

423

424

425

426

4. | | Naturall Firftory:

We will {peake now, howto make Fruits, Flowers, aud
Roots larger ;in more plenty ;and fweeter ; than they vfe to
be; And how to make the Trees them{elues, more Tall ; more
Spread; and more Hatty and Sudden ; than they vfetobe.
Wherein there is no doubt, but the former Experiments of Ac»
celeration, will feruc much to thefe Purpofes. And againe,hat
thefe Experiments, which we fhall now fet downe, doe ferue
alfo for Acceleration ; becaufe both Effects proceed from the
Encreafe of vigour inthe Tree, But yet to auoid Confufion ;
And becaufe fome of the Meanes are more proper for the
one Effect, and fome for the other, wee will handle them
apatt.

It is an aflured Expetience, that an Heape of Flist, or Stone, laid
about the Bottome of a Wilde-Tree, (as an Oake, Elme, Afh, &c,) vpon
the firft Planting, doth make it profper double as much, as without it.
The Caw/e is, for that it retaineth the Moifture,which falleth at any time
vpon the Tree, and fuffereth it not to be exhaled by the Sunne, Againe,
it keepeth the Tree warme, from Cold Blafts and Frofts, as it were in
an Houfe. It may be alfo,there is fomewhat in the Keeping of it fteady
at the firft. Quere,if Laying of Straw fome Height about the Body ofa
Tree, will not make the Tree forwards, For thouch the Root giueth the
Sap, yet it is the Body that draweth it, But you muft note, that if you
lay Stones about the ftalke of Lettuce, or other Plants, thatare more
foft, ic will ouer-moiften the Roots, fo as the Wormes will eat them,

A Tree, at the firft Setsing, fhould not be Shakes, vnrill it hath sakes
Root fally: And therefore fome haue put two little Forkes about the
Botrome of their Trees, to keepe them vpright ; But aftera yeares Roo-
ting, then Shaking doth the Tree good, by Loofening of the Earth,
and (perhaps) by Exercifing (as it were ) and Stirring the Sap of the
Tree.

Generally, the Cutting away of Boughes and Suckers at the Reot and
Body, doth make Trees grow high; And contrariwife, the Powling and
Catting of the Top, maketh them grow fpread, and bufhy. As wee fee
in Polards, &c. :

It is reported, that to make hafy Growing Coppice-Woods, the way is,
to take Willow, Sallow, Poplar, Alder, of {ome feuen yeares growth;
And to fet them, notvpright, but a-flope, a reafonable depth vnder the
Ground; And then, in ftead ofone Root,they will putforth many,and
fo carry more Shoots vpon a Stemmee

When you would hauc many new Roots of Fruit-trees, take a Low
Tree, and bow it,and lay all his Branches a-flat vpon the Ground, and
caft Earth vpon them; And every Twigge will cake Root. And this isa

very profitable Experiment for Coftly Trees; (for the Boughes will make
; Stockes

(century. Vi

Srockes without charges) Suchas are Apricots, Peaches, Almonds, Cor-
nelisns, Mulberries, Figs, &c. The like is continually practifed with Kanes,
Rofes, Musee-Rofes, SC

From May to /aly you may take off the Barke of any Bough; being of
the Bigneffe of three or foure Inches, and couer the bare Piace, fone-
what aboue, and below, with Loame well tempered with Horfe-dung,
binding it faftdowne, Then cut offthe Bough about athollontide in the
|bare place, and fet it in the Ground; And it will grow tobea faire Tree
lin one Yeare. The Cas/e may be, for thatthe Baring from the Barkev
ikeepeth the Sap from defcending towards Winter, and fo holdeth it in
the Bough; And itmay bealfo thatthe Loame and Horfe-Dang ap-
plied to the bare place, doe moiften it, and cherifh it, and make it more
apt to put forth the Root, Note, that this may be a generall Meanes
for keeping vp the Sap of Trees in their Boughes ; Which may feruc to
other Effects,

Ithath beene pradifed in Trees, that thew faire, and beare nor, to
Bore 4 Holethorow the Heart of the Tree, and thereupon it willbeare,
Which may be for that the Tree before had too much Repletion,and was
opprefled with his owne Sap; For Repletion isan Enemy to Gene-
ration,

It hath beene pradtifed in Trees, that doe not beare, to cleaue two
or three of the Chiefe Roots, and to put into the Clefta {mall Pebble,
which may keepe it open, and then it willbeare. The Cas/é may be, for
thata Root of a Tree may be (as it were,)Hide-bound,no leffe than the
Body ofthe Tree; Butit will not keepe open without fomewhat put
imto it,

It is vfually practifed, to fet Trees that require much Sanne, vpon
Walls againft the South; As Apricots, Peaches, Plums, Vines, Figs, and the
like. Ithatha double Commodity; Theone, the Heat of the Wall by
Reflexion ; The other, the Takin2 away of the Shade; For whena Tree
groweth round,the vpper Boughes ouer-fhadow the lower ; Butwhen
itis fpread vpon a Wall, the Sunne commethalike,vpon the vpper,and
lower Branches,

It hath a'fo beene ptaGifed (by fome) to pull off fome Leawes from
the Trées (> bread, that the Sunne may come vpon the Bosghand Fruit
the better, There hath beene practifed alfo a Curiofity, to feta Tre
vpon the North-Side of a Wall, and ara little height, to draw him tho-
row the Wall, and fpread him vpon the South-Side: Conceiving that
the Rootand lower Part of the Stocke fhould enioy the Frefhneffe of
the Shades And the Vppert Boughes, and Fruit, the Comfort of the
Sunne, Butitforted not; The Cas/eis, for that the Root requireth fome
Comfort from the Sunne, though vnder Earth, as well as the Body:
And the Lower Partof the Body more than the Vpper, as wee feein
Compaffing a Tree below with Straw.

The Lewne/fe of the Bough, where the Frait commeth, maketh the
Fruit ercater, and to riper better; For you fhall euerfeein Apricots,

Se Q. Peaches,

II§

427

428

429°

430

43k

432

|

116 Naturall Hiftorg:

433

434

436

437

438

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pee

Peaches, or Melo-Cotones,vpona wall, the greateft Fruits towards the
Bottome. And in France the Grapes that make the Wize, grow vpon low
Vines, bound to {mall Stakes. And the raifed Vines in Arbours make
but Veriuyce. Itis true, that in Jtaly, and other Comatries, where they
haue hotter Sunne, they raife them vpon E/mes, and Trees ; But I con-
iceiue, thatif the Fremch Manner of Planting low, were brought in vfe
| there, their Wenes would be ftronger and fweeter.But it is more charge-
able in refpe@ of the Props. It were goodto try whether a Tree graf-
ted fomewhat neare the Ground, and the lower boughes onely main-
gained, and the higher continually proined off, would not make a Iar-
ger Frat,

Tohaue Frait in Greater Plenty, the way is, to graft, not onely vpon
[young Stockes, butvpon diuers Boughes of an old Tree; for they will

eare great Numbers of Fruit; Whereas if you graft but vpon one
Stocke, the Tree can beare but few.

The Digging ycarely about the Roots of Trees,which is a great means,
both tothe deceleration and Melioration of Fruits,is practifed in nothing
_bucin Vnes ; Which if it were transferred vnto other Trees, and Shrubs,
| (as Rofes, &c.) I conceitie would aduance them likewife,

It hath beene knowne, thata Fraét-Treehath beene blowne vp (al-
moft) by the Roots, and fet vp againe, and the next yeare bare excce-
dingly. The Caw/é of this, was nothing but the Leofeming of the Earth,
which comforteth any Tree, and is fit to be praétifed, more than itis, in
| Frwit-Trees: For Trees cannot be fo fitly remoued into New Grounds,
\as Flowers and Herbs may.

To reuiuean Old Tree, the Digging of itabout the Rests, and A
plying new Mould to theRoots, isthe way. We feealfo that Draught-
| Oxen, put into freth Pafture, gather new and tender Flefhs And in all
Things, better Nourifhment than hath beene yfed, doth helpe to re-
‘new ; Efpecially, if it be not onely better, but changed, and differing

from the former,

Ifan Herbe be cut off from the Roots, in the beginning of Winter,
and then the Earth be troden and beaten downe hard, with the Foot
and Spade, the Roots will become of very great Magnitude in Summer,
The Reafon is, for that the Moifture being forbidden to come yp in the
Plant, ftayeth longer in the Root, and fo dilatethit, And Gardiners vie

| to tread downe any loofe Ground, after they haue fowne Onions, or
Turnips, &c.

If Pazicum be laid below, and about the Bottome of a Root, it will
caufe the Root to grow to an Excefliue Bigneffe, The Cau/eis, for that
being it felfe of a Spungy Subftance, it draweth the Moiftureof the
Earth to it, and fo feedeth the Root. This is of greateft ye for Onions,
Turnips, Parfaips,and Carrets,

The shifting of Ground is a Meanes to better the Tree, and Fruit 5

But with this Caution; That all Things doe profper beft,when they are
aduanced to the better: Your Narfery of Stockes ought to bein a more
arren

ern Sn a eS eee

~~

(entary. V.

‘Barren Ground, than the Ground is whereunto you remoue them,
So all Grafiers preferre their Carrell from meaner Paftures to better,
We fee alfo, that Hardneffe in Youth lengthneth Life, becaufe it lea-
ueth a Cherifhing to the berter, of the Body, in Age : Nay in Exer-
cifes, it is good to begin with the hardeft, as Dancing in Thicke
Shooes, &c.

Ithath beene obferued, that Hacking of Trees in their Barke, both
-downe-right, and acroffe, foas youmake them rather in flices, than
|in continued Hacks, doth great good to Trees; And efpecially deliue-
‘yeth them from being Aide-boand, and killeth their Moffe,
| Shadeto {ome Plasts conduccthto make them large,and profperous,
| more than Saw; As in Strawberries, and Bayes,&cc, Therefore amongtt
tenet fow here and there fome Borrage-Seed 5 And you fhall
finde the Strawberries vnder thofe Leaues farre more large than their
‘Fellowes, And Bayes you muftplant to the North ; Or defend them
from the Susne by a Hedge-Row ; And when you fow the Berries,weed
not the Borders, forthe firft halfe yeare ; For the Weed giueth them
Shade, |

Toincreafe the Craps of Plants, there would be confidered, not only
| che Jmereafing the Lw/? of the Earth, or of the Plast, but the Sauing alfo
of that which is fpilt. Sorheyhaue lately made a Triall, to Set Wheat ;
which neuertheleffe hath beene left off, becaufe of the trouble and
paines ; Yerfomuch is true, that there is much faued by the Serting, in
comparifon ofthat which is Sowes ; Both by keeping it from being
pickedvpby Birds ; And by Auoiding the Shallow lying of it, where-
Sysmuch that is fowen taketh no Root,

{ Icis prefcribed by fome of the Ancients, that you take Swsall Trees,
vpon which Figs or other Frait grow, being yet vnripe, and couer the
\Zrees jnthe Middle of stumne with dung, vntill the Spring ; And

then take them vp in a warme day,and replant them in good Ground ;

And by that meanes, the former yeares Tree willbe ripe, as by a new

Birth; when other Trees of the fame kinde,doebut bloffome, But this

feemeth to haneno:preat Probabilitic.

It isreported, that if you take Nétre, and mingle it with Water,to the
thickneffe of Honey, and therewith anoint the Bad, after the Vine is cut,
it will fproutforth within cightdayes, The€aw/e is like to be, (if the
Experiment be truc,) the Opening of the Bwd,and of the Parts Contigu-
‘ous, bythe Spirit of the Nstre 5 For Nitre is (as it were) che Life of
|Vegetables,

Take Seed; or Kernells of Apples, Peares, Orenges ; Or a Peach, ora
Plam-Stone, &c, And put them into a Sqsill, (which is like a great
Onion, ) and they-willcome vp much earlier than in the Earth ardelfe.
This I conceiuetobeas a Kinde of Grafting in the Root ; For'asthe

Stockeof a Graft yeeldeth better prepared Nourifhment to theGraft,

\than the CrudeEarth 5 So the Squill doth the like tothe Seed) ‘And I

¢ the fame would bedone, by Putting Kernellsinto a Twrnip, ot

Q2 the

17

440

44t

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

45°

451

452

the like ; Saue that the Squéll is more Vigorous, and Hot, It may be

7 N aturall Hiftory :

tried alfo, with putting Omon-5 eed into an Outon-Head, which thereby
(perhaps) will bring forth a larger, and earlier On7on,

The Pricking of a Fruit in feuerall places when it is almoft at his Big-
neffe, andbefore it ripeneth, hath beenepractifed with fuceeffe, to ri-
pen the Fruit more fuddcnly. Wee fee the Example of the Biting o
Wa/pes, or Wormes, vpon Fruit, whereby it (manifeftly) ripeneth the
fooner.

Icisreported, that Alga Marina (Sea-weed) put vnder the Roots of
Celeworts, and (perhaps) of other Plants, will further their Growth,
Thevertue (no doubt) hath Relation to Salt, whichis a great Helpe
to Fertilitie: R

It hath beene praétifed, to cut offthe Stalkes of Cucumbers, imme-
diately after their Bearing, clofe by the Earth; And then to caft a pret-
tie Quantitic of Earth vpon the Plant that remaineth ; and they will
beare the next yeare Fruit, long before the ordinary time. TheCaw/é
may be, for that the Sap gocth downe the fooner, and is not {pent in
the Stalke or Leafe, which remaineth after the Fruit, Where note,
chat the Dying, in the winter, of the Roots of Plants, that are Amaual,
feemeth to be partly caufed by the Quer-Expence of the Sap into
Stalke, and Leaues ; which being preuented, they will fuper-annate,
ifthey ftand warme. )

The Pulling off many of the Bloffomes from a Frwit-Tree, doth make
the Fruit fairer. TheCas/e is manifeft ; For that the Sap hath the leffe
tonourifh. And it isa Common Experience, thatif youdoenot pull
off forme Bloffomes, the firft time a Tree bloometh, it will bloffome it
felfe to death.

Itwere good to trie, what would be the Effeét, if all the Bloffomes
were pulled ftom a Frutt-Tree ; Or the Acornes and Che/nut-buds, &c.
froma Wilde Tree, for two yeares together, I fuppofe that the Tree
will either put forth, the third yeare, bigger, and more plentifull Fras;
Or elfe, thefame yeares, larger Leaues, becaufe of the Sap ftored vp,

It hath beene generally receiued, that a Plant watered with Warme
Water, will come vp fooner and better, than with Cold Water,or with
Showers. But our Experiment of Watering Wheat with Warme Water
(as hath beene faid) fucceeded not ; which may be, becaufe the Triall
was too Jate in the Yeare, véz. in the End of Odfober. For the Cold
then comming vpon the Seed, after it was made more tender by the
Warme Water, might checkc it,

There is no doubt, but that Grafting (for the moft Part) doth melio-
rate the Fruit. The Caw/e is manifeft ; For that the Nourifhmentis bet-
ter prepared in the Stocke, than in the Crude Earth : But yet notewell,
that there be fome Trees, that are {aid to come vp more happily from
the Kernell, thanfrom the Graft ; As the Peach, and Melocotone, The
Canfé] fuppofe tobe, for that thofe Plants require a Nourifhment of

great Moifture ; And though the Nourifhment of the Stocke be finer,

and

Century V.»

and better prepared, yet itis not fo moift, and plentifall, as the Nou-
rifhmentofthe Earth, And indeed we fee thofe Fruitsare very Cold
Fraits in their Nature.
Ithath beene received, thata Smaller Pésre, grafted vpon a Stocke
that beareth agreater Peare, will become Great, Burl thinke it is as
true, asthat of the Prime-Fruit vpon the Late Stocke; And 2 conmer/o
which wereiected before: For the Céems will goucrne, Neuerthele fle
itis probable enough, that if you can get a Cidns to grow vpona Stacke
of another kinde, that is much moifter than his owne Stocke, it may
make the Frast Greater, becaufe it will yeeld more plentitull nourifh-
ment; Thoughic is likeit wil! make the Frait Bafer. But generally the
Grafting isvpon a dryer Steck ; As the Apple vpon a Crab; The Pesrevp-
on a Thorne ; &c, Yet itis reported, thatin the Low-Cowntries they will
graft an Appie-Ciows vpon the Stacke of a Celewort, and it willbearea
great flagey Apple; The Kernel of which, if icbe fer, will be a Colewore,
and notan 4pple, Itwere good to try, whether an Apple-Crons will pro-
fper, ifit be grafted vpona Sallow, or vpon a Poplar, or vpon an Alder,
of vponan Elme, or vpon an Herfe-Plumme, which are the moifteft of
Trees. 1 haue heard thac it hath beene tryed vypon an Elme, and fuc-
ceeded,
Itis manifeft by Expericnce,that Flowers Remoued wax greater,be-
caufe the Nouriihment is more eafily come by, in the loofe Earth, It
may be,that Oft Reerafting of the fame Cions,may likewife make Frust
greater ; As if you take a Cwoas, and graft itvpon a Stocke the firft yeare;
And thencutit off, and graftit vpon another Stocke the fecond ycare ;
and fo fora third; Or fourth yeare ; And then leritreft, ic will yeeld
afterward, when it beareth, the greater Frwit,
Of Grafting there aye many Experiments worth the Noting, bat thofe
wereferue to a prover Place,
It maketh F#gs better, if a Fig-Tree, when it beginneth to put forth.
Leaues, hauc his Top cut off, The Cau/e is plaine, for that the Sap hath
the leffe to feed, and the leffe way to mount : Butit may be, the Figge
will come fomewhatlater, as was formerly touched, The fame may be
tried likewife in other Trees,
Iris reported, that Mudberrzes will be fairer, and the Trees more
fruitful, if you bore the Trancke of the Tree thorow, in feuerall. places,
and thruft into the Placesbored , Wedges of fome Hot Trees,as Turpen~
tine, Maftick-Tree, Guaiacum,Juniper,&c. The Caufe may be, for chat Ad-
ucntiue Heat doth cheare vp the Natiue Iuyce of the Tree.
Itis reported, that Trees will grow greater, and beare better Fras,
if you put Sale, or Lees of Wine, ot Bloudto the Root, The Caufe may be
the Encreafing the Luft or Spirit ofthe Root; Thefe Things being more
forcible, than ordinary. Cempofts, yarns!
~ Itisreported by one of the Ancients, that Artichoskes willbe leffe
prickly, and more tender, if the Seeds haue their Tops dulled, or gra-
ted off vpona Stone, ' eres

ry Herbs

19

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455

456

457

458

Naturall Eisftory:

Herbes will be tenderer, and fairer; if you take them out of Beds,
when they arenewly come vp, and remoue them into Pots, with better
Earth, The Remoue from Bed to Bed was fpoken of before; But that
was in {euerall yeares ; This is vpon thefudden, The Cau/fe is the fame
with other Remowes, formerly mentioned,

Coleworts are reported by one of the Ancients,to profper exceeding-
ly, and to be better tafted, if they be fometimes watred with Salt-Water;
And much more with Water mixed with Nitre; The Spirit of which is
leffe Adurent than Sale.

It is reported, that Cucumbers will proue more Tender,and Dainty,
if their Seeds be Steeped (a little) in Milke; The Caufe may be,for that the
Seed being mollified with the Milke,will be too weake to draw the grof-
fer Juyce of the Earth, but onely the finer, The fame Experiment may
bemadein Artschoakes, and other Seeds, when you would take away,
| either their Flafhineffe, or Bitternefle. They fpeake alfo, that the like
| Effect followeth, of Steeping in Water mixed with Honey; But that fee-
methto me not fo probable, becaufe Homey hath too quicke a Spirit.
| Itisreported that Cacambers will be lefle Watry, and more Melon-

Like, itin the Pit where you fet them, you fill it (halfe way vp)with Chaffe,
or {mal! Stckes, and then powre Earth vpon them ; For Cucumbers, as it
feemeth,doe extremely afte& Moifture; And ouer-drinke themfelues ;
Which this Choffe, or Chips, forbiddeth. Nay it is further reported, that
if when a Cacumber is growne,you feta Pot of water about fiue or fix in-
ches diftance from it, it will, in 24. houres, fhoot fo much out, as to
touch the Pot; Which if it be true, it isan Experiment of an higher Na-
ture,than belongeth to this Tét/e: For it difcoucreth Perception in Plants,
to moue towards that which fhould helpe and comfort them, though:
it beata diftance. Theancient Tradition of the Hine is far more ftrange:
It is, that if you fera Stake, or Prop, fome diftance from it, it will grow
that way ; Which is farre ftranger (as is faid) than the other ; For that
Water may worke by a Sympathy of Attraction : Butthis of the Stake fee-
meth to bea Reafonable Difcourfe,

It hath beene touched before, that Terebratios of Trees doth make
them profper better. Burt it is found alfo,thatit maketh che Frwit fwee-
ter, and better. The Cau/e is, for that notwithftanding the Terebration,
they may receive Aliment fufficient; And yetno more than they can
welleurne,'and difgeft; And withall doe fweat out the courfeft and vn-
profitableft Iuyce ; Euen as it is in Liwing Creatures, which by Moderate
Feeding , and Exercife, and Sweat, attaine the foundeft Habite of
Body, *
ss Terebratios doth Meliorate Fruit, fo, vpon the like reafon, doth
Letting of Plapts Blond; As Pricking Vines, or other Trees, after they be
of fome Growth; And thereby letting forth Gwmme,or Teares; Though
this be not to: continue, as it is in Terebration, but at fome Seafons, And
it is reported, that by this Artifice, Batter Almonds haue beene turned
into Sweet,

1X0 |

459

460

461

462

463

464

(Century V.

. The Ancients for the Dalcorating of Fruit, doe commend Swizes-
Dung abouc all other Daag; Which may be, becaufe of the Moifture of
that Beaft, whereby the Excrement hath lefle Acrimony; For wee fee
Swines and Pigges Fleth is the Moifteft of Flefhes,

It is obferued by fome, that all Herbs wax fveeter, bothin Smell
and Tafte, ifafter they be growne yp foine reafonable time, they be cur,
and fo you take the latter Sprout, The Cau/e may be,for thatthe longer
the Iuyce ftayeth in the Root, and Stalke, the better it conco&teth, For
one of the Chiefe Caufes, why Graines,Seeds,and Fraits,are more Nou-
rifhing than Leawes, isthe Length of time, inwhich they grow to Ma-
turation, It were notamifleto keepe backe the Sap of Herbs, or the like,
by fome fit meanes, till che end of Summer; whereby (it may be) they
wil! be more Nourithing.

As Grafting doth generally aduance and Meliorate Frwits,aboue that
which they would be, if they were fet of Kernels, or Stones, in regard
the Nourifh ment is better concogted ; So (no doubt) euen in Grafting,
for the fame caufe, the Choife of the Stocke doth much; Alwayes pros
uided that it be fomewhat inferiour to the Cioss : For otherwife it dul-
Jeth it, They commend much the Grafting of Peares, or Apples, vpona

Befides the Meawes of Melioration of Fruits, before mentioned, it is
fet downe as tryed, that a Mixture of Bran,and Swines-Dung ; Or Chaffe
and Stines-Dung ; (efpecially laid vp together for a Moneth to ror,)
is avery great Nourifher, and Comforter to a Frust-Tree.

Iris delivered, that Onions wax greater, ifthey be taken out of the
Earth,and laida drying twenty dayes, and thet fer againe;, And yet

ore, ifthe outermoft Pill be taken off all over, AN

Ic is deliuered by fome, that ifone take che Bough of a Low Frait-
tree, newly budded, and draw it gently, without hurting it, into an
Earthen Pot perforate at the bottome to let in the P/ant, and then Co-
uer the Pot with Earth, it will yeeld a very.targe Frei, within the
Ground, Which Experiment is Nothing but Potting of Plants, without
Remouing, and Leaning the Frwét in the Earth. The like, (they fay,)
will be effected, by an Empty Pot without Earth in it, putouer a Frait,
being propped vp witha Stake, as it hangeth vponthe Tree; And the
better, if fome few Pertufions be madein the Pot, Wherein, befides
the Defending of the Frwst, from Extremity of Sunne or Weather,
fome giue a reafon , that the Freit, Louing and Coueting the o-

_—_——.

pen Aireand Sunne, is inuited by thofe Pertufions, to fpread and ap-|_

proch, as neare the open Aire, as it can; And fo enlargeth in Mag-
Bilude,

All Trees,in High and Samdy Grownds,are to be fet deepe ; And in Wa-
try Grounds, more hallow. And in all Trees, when they be remoued(efpe-
cially Frast-Trees) care ought to be taken, that the Sides of the Trees be
coafted, (North and South, &c.) as they ftood before, The fame is {aid
alfo of Stone out of the Quarry, to make it more durable; Though that

feemeth |

(21

465

466

467

468

469

470

47!

474

475

476

Experiments
in Confort
touching (ome
pound Fruits
and Flowers.

$$
eee

Neaturall Hiftory:
feemcth to hauc leffe reafon ; Becaufe the Stone lycth not foneare thi
Sunne, as the Tree groweth.

Timber Trees in a Coppite Weod, doe grow better, than inan Open
Field; Both becaufe, they offer not to fpread fo much,but thoor vp {till
in Height; And chiefly becaufe they are defended from too much Sun
and Wind, which doe checke the Growth of all Fruit; And fo (no
doubt) Fruit-Trees, ot Vines, {et vpon a Wall, agaivft the Sunne, be-
tweene Elbowes or Buttreffcs of Stone, ripen more, than vpon a Plaine
Wall.

It is faid, that if Potado Roots, be fet in a Pet filled with Earth, and
then the Pot with Earth be fet likewife withia the Ground, fome two or
three Inches, the Reots will grow greater, than Ordinary. The Casfes
may be,for that Hauing Earth enough within the Pot to nourifh them 5
And then being {topped by the Bottom of the Pes from putting Strings
downward, they muft needs grow greater in Breadth, and Thicknefle,
And it mag be, that all Seeds or Roots, Potted, and fo fet into the Earth,
will profper the better,

The Cutting off the Leawes of Radifb, or other Reots, in the begin-
ning of Winter, before they wither; And Couering againe the Root,
fomething high with Earth; Will preferue the Root all Winter, and
make it bigger, in the Spring following, as hath beene partly touched
before. So that there isa double Vfe of this Cutting off the Leawes : For
in Plants, where the Root is the E/culent, as Radifh, and Parfnips, it will
make the Root the greater: And {o it will doe to the Heads of Onions.
And where the Frust is the E/cwlent, by Strengthning the Root, it will
make the Frwit alfo the greater.

It is an Experimeme of great pleafure, to make the Zeawes of Shady
Trees, larger than ordinary. It hath beene tryed (for certaine) thata Cs-
ons of a Weech-Elme, grafted vpon the Stocke of an Ordinary Elme, will
put forth Leaues, almoft as broad as the Brimme of ones Har, And it
is very likely, thatas in Frust-Trees, the Graft maketha greater Fruit;So
in Trees that beare no Fraif, it will make the greater Leawes, It would be
tryed therefore in Trees of that kinde chiefly; As Birch, Ap, Willow 5
And efpecially the Shining Willew,which they call Swalow-Taile,becaule
of the pleafure of the Leate,

The Barrenneffe of Trees, by Accident (befides the Weakneffe of the
Soile, Seed, or Root; And the Jary of the Weather) commetheither of
theit Ower-grewing with Mofe,Or their being Hide-bownd; Or their Plane
ting too deepe ; Ox by Ufming of the Sap too much into the Leanes, For all

'| thefe there are Remedies mentioned before,

Wee {ee thatin Liuing Creatures, that hauc Maleand Fe-
male, there is Copulation of feuerall Kindes ; And fo Compound
Creatures; As the Mule, that is generated betwixt the Horfe.
and the 4/e ; And fome other Compounds, which we cali Mon-

frers,

Century. V.

(Pers, though morerare : And ic is held, that that Pronerbe_,
Africa femper aliquid Monf?ri parit ; commeth, for that the
Fountaincs of Waters there, being rare, diuers Sorts of Beafts
come from feuerall Parts to drinke ; And {o being refrefhed,
fall to couple, and many times with feucrall Kinds. The Com-
ing ot Mixtwre of Kinds in Plants is not found out ;
Which neuerthelefle, if it be poflible, is more at command,
than that of liming Creatures ; For that their Luft requireth a
voluntary Motion : wherefore it were One of the moit No-
ble Experiments touching Plants, to findeit out : For {fo you
may haucgreat Varicticof New Fruits, and Flowers yet vn-
khowne. Grafting dothit not : That mendeth the Fruit, or
doubleth the Flowers, &c. But it hath nor the Power to make
a New Kinde. For the Cions cuer ouer-ruleth the Stocke.
Tt hath beene fer downe by one of the Aacients, that if youtake two
Twigs of feucrall Frais Trees, and flat them on the Sides, and then binde

ofe together, and fer chem in the ground, they will come yp in
one Stocke; Butyet they will put forth their feucrall Frwits,without any

a ae lo Wherein note (by the way) that #nitie of Con-

Hinuance, is £0 procure, than Vaitieof Species, Ic is reported alfo,
that Fines of Red and White Grapes, being fet in the Ground, and the vp-
pes Paste being pated ad bound clofe together, will put forth Grapes
oft olours, vpon the fame Branch ; And Grape-Stones of {e-
a Colours within the fame Grape : But the more, after a yeare or
two ; The Vaitie (as it &emeth). growing more Perfeét. And this will
likewife helpe, if from the firlt Ymising, they be often Watred ; For all
Moifture helpeth to Yzion, And itis prefcribed.alfo, to binde the Bud,

fooneas it commeth forth, aswell asthe Stecke ; At the leaft for a

time, |

They report, that diuers Seeds, put into a Clowt, and laid in Earth
well dunged, will put vp Plamts Contiguows ; Which (afterwards) being
bound in, thei. Shaots will incorporate. The like is faid of Keraels, put
into.a Botsle, with a Narrow Mouth, filled with Earth,

. It.is pear? that young 7rees of feuerall kindes, fer contiguous,
without any binding, and very often Watred, ina Fruitful Grownd, with
theivery Luxurie of the Trees, will incorporate, and grow together,
‘Which fecmeth to me the likelieft Meanes,that hath beene propounded;
Forsthat the Bisdizg doth hinder the Naturall Swelling of the Zrec ;
which, while it is in Motion, doth better unite.

There are many Ancient and Receiued Traditions and

Obferuations,touching the Sympathy and Autipathy of Plants:
eee R

123

477

478

479

Experiments
in Conforc
touching the
Sympathy and
at. pathy of

For Plants.

| 24
a

480

48I

| other bitter, So they haue fet downe likewife, that a Ro/éfet by Garlicke

482

| they impute to Sympathy : And {ome worfe ; which they im-

Natural Hiftory :

For that fome will thriue beft growing neere others ; which

puteto Antipathy. Butthefe are Idle and Ignorant Conceits ;
And forfake the true Indication of the Canfes.; As the moft
Part of Experiments, that concerne Sympathies and Antipa-
thics doc. Forasto Plants, neither is there any fuch Secret
Friendjbip, ot Hatred, as they imagine:; And if we fhould be
contenttocall it Sympathy, and Antipathy, itis vtcerly mifta-
ken ; For their Sympathy is an Antipathy, andtheir Antipathy
isaSympathy : For itis thus ; Wherefocuer one Plant draweth
fuch a particular Iuyce out of the Earth ; asit qualifieth the
Earth ; So as that luyce which remaineth is fit forthe other
Plant, there the Neighbourhood doth good.; Becaufe the
Nourifhments are conttary, or f{eucrall : But.where two
Plants draw (much) the fame luyce, there the, Neighbour-
hood hurteth ; For the one deceiueth cheothertiien) > igs
Firft therfore, all, Plants that doe draw much Nosri/bameut front*the
Earth, and {o foake the Earth, and exhauft it; hurt all Things that stow
bythem ; As Great 7rees, (efpecially 4/hes,) and {uch Trees, as fpread
theit Rests, neere the Top of the Ground,’ So the Colewor+ is ‘not’an
Enemy. (though that were anciently receiuéd) to the Fine only ; But‘ie
isan Enemy to any other Plant ; Becaufe it draweth ftrotiply the farteft
Tuyce‘of the Earth. And if it be tre, that the vine) when it creepeth
neere the Colewort, will turne away ; This may be, ‘becaufé'there it-fin-
deth worfe Nourifliment ; For though the Root be wheteit was, yet (I
doubt) the P/awt will bend asit nourifheth, ~ nt ae
Where Plants are’of feuerall Natures, and draw feuetall Tuyces out of,
the Earth, there (as hath beetie faid) the One 'fet by the other helpeéth :
Asit is fet downe by diuers of the Ancients, that Rew doth profper
much, and becommeth ftronger, if it be fer by a FiggeTree : which(we
conceiue) is caufed, Not by Reafon of Fri¢nd/p, but by Extraction
of'a Contrary Iuyce : The one Drawing Yayjce fit t0 refisle Sweet; ‘the

is fweeter ; Which likewife may be, becaule the more’Fetide Inyce of
the Earth goethiinto the Garlicke ; And the mote Odorateinto the’ Rafe,
This wee fee manifeftly, that there be cettaine Corne-Flowers, Which
come feldome or neuer in other places, bh they be’ fet’; But‘onely
amongft Corne: As the Blew-Bortle, a kinde of Yeow Mary-Gold, Wilde
Poppy, and Famitorie. Neithér can this be; by Reafon of the Culture
of the Ground, by Plowing, or Furrowing ; As fome Herbs, and Flow-
ers, will grow but in Ditches new Caft; For if the Grodadiie fallow, and
vafowne, they willnot come: So as it fhould feemeto be the Ae.
at

Century. Vv.

ae qualifieth the Earth, and prepareth i ic for their Growth,

This Obferuation, if it holdeth, (as it is very probable,) is of great
vie, forthe Meliorating of Taffe in Fruits, and Efculent Herbs ; And of
the Sent of Flewers, For I doe not doubt, burif the Figge-Tree doe make
the Rew more trong, and bitter, (as the Ancients haue noted;) good
ftore of Rew planted about the Fégge-7ree, will make the Fégge mote
fweer. Now the Ta/fes that doe molt offend in Frais, and Herbs, and
Roots are Bitter ; Harrifh; Sowre ; And Watrifh; or Fla/hy, It were good
therefore to make the Trials following,

Take Wormewood, or Rew, and fet it neere Pisces. or Coleflory, or

Artichoske ; And fee whether the Lettuce, or the Coleflory, &c, become

not che {weeter.
Takea Seruice-Tree, ora Cornelian-Tree, ov an Elder-Tree, which wee
, know haue Frasts of harfh and binding luyce, and fer chem neerea Vine,
or Figge-Tree, and fee whether the Grapes,or Figs, will not be che (weecer.

Take Cucumbers, or Pumpions, and fet them (here and there) amonglt
Muske- Melons, and {ee whether the Melons will notbe more Winy, and
bertertafted. Set Cucumbers (likewife) amongft Radi/h, and fee whether
the Raai/> will not be made the more Biting.

Take Sorrel, and {ec itamongt Raps, and fee whether the Rafs will
not be che {wecter.

‘Take Commen Briar, and fetitamongtt Violets, or Wall- Flowers, and
fee whether it will noc make the Violets, or Wall- Flowers Cweeter, and lefle
Earthy in their Smell. So fet Lettuce, or Cucumbers, amongtt Rofemary,
or Bayes, and fee whether the Rofemary, or Bayes, will not be the more
Odorate, or Aromaticall. 1

Contrariwife, you mutt takeheed, how you fet Herbs together, that
deaw.much che like Iuyce. And sherefixe I thinke Rofemary will leefe
in Sweetnefle, if icbe {ec with Lawender, or Bayes, or thelike, Burt yer,
if you will corre&t the ftrength of an Herbe, you hall doe well.to fet
other like Herbs by him, to take him downe 5 As it you fhould fet
Teuienby Angelica, it may be, the Angelica would be the weaker, and

ficter for Mixture in Perfume. And if you fhould fet Rew by Common |
eared it may ig Ps HFermncnesed would turne to be hiker Roman
ee

yi would be alfo madein Herbs pl and Purgasiae, whofe ilt|
Qualitie (perhaps) may be difcharged, or, attempred, by Setting trons}
ger Poifons, or Purgatiaes, by them, au
lt is reported, that che Shrub called Our Ladies Seale, ‘cxhicl is a).
Kinde of Briony;) and Coleworts, fer neere together, one ot beth wilh)
‘die, The Caafe is, for that they be both great Depredatoprs ot. the
Earth, andoneofthenmftarueth the other. The like 1s faidyofia Reedii)
sae Brake 5 Both which are fucculent ; And therefore, she ,Qae dea
£51 R 2 ceiueth

= | Shea ———-.-—

483

484

485

486

487
488

489

490
4gt

492

“|ceiueth the Other. And the like of Hemlocke and Rew; Both which draw
ftrong Iuyces, ; BBM 4714:
493 Some ofthe Ancients, and likewife diuers of the Moderne Writers,
that haue laboured in Natural Magicke, haue noted a Sympathy, between
the Swmue, Moone, and {ome Principall Starres ; And certaine Herbs, and
Plants. And fo they haue denominated fome Herbs Solar, and fome Za-
gar; And fuchlike Toyes put into great Words, It is manifeft, thar
there are fome Flowers, that haue Re/pec? to the Sunne, in two Kindes;
The one by Opewsng and Shutting ; And the other by Bowing and Ineli-
ning the Head, For Mary-golds, Tultppa’s , Pimpernel, and indeed molt
Flowers, doe open or fpread their Leaues abroad, when the Swnne thi-
neth ferene and faire: And againe, (in fome part,) clofe them, or gather’ |
them inward, either cowards Night, or when the Skie is ouercaft. Of
this there needeth no fuch Solemne Reafon to be afligned 5 Asto fay,
that they reioyce at the prefence of the Sunne ; And mourneat the Ab-
fencethereof, Foritis Nothing elfe, bur a little Loading of the Leaues,
and Swelling them at the Bottome, with the Moifture of the Aire;
whereas the drie Aire doth extend them : And they make it a Peece of
the wonder, that Garden Clawer will hide the Sta/ke, when the Sanner
fheweth bright ; Which is Nothing, buta full Expanfion of the leaues.
For the Bowing and Inclining the Head ; itis found in the great Flower of
the Sune ;in Mary-golds ; Wart wort ; Mallow Flowers ; and others. The
Caufeis fomewhat more Ob{cure than the former ; But I takeit to be no
other, bue that the Part againti-which the S#ane beateth, waxeth more
faint and flaccide in the Stalke ; And thereby leffe able to fupport the
Flower. .
494 ~ What a little a/oi/fure will doe in Vegetables, euen though they be
dead, and {euered from the Earth, appeareth well in the Experiment of
Iuelers. They take the Beard ot an Oate ; which (if you marke it well,) is
wreathed at the Bottome,and one {mooth entire Straw atthe Top. They
take only the Partthac is Wreathed, and cut off the other, leaning the
Beard halfethe Breadth of a finger in length. Then they make a little
Croffeofa Quill, long-wayes of that Part of the Qaill, which hath the
. | Pith; And Crofle-wayes of thar peece of the Qui without Pith ; The
whole Crojfe being the Breadth of a Finger high. Then they pricke the
Bottome where the Pith is, and thereinto they put the Oaten-beard, lea-
uing halfe of ic fticking forth of the Quéll - Then they takea little white
Box of wood, todeceiue Men, as if fomewhat in the Boxdid worke the
Feat : In which, with a Pinne, they make a little Hole, enough torake
the Beard; but nottolet the Cro/e finke downe, but to fticke, Then like-
wife by way of Impofture, they make a Queftion ; As, Whois the Fai-
reft Woman inthe Company ? Or, Who hath a Gloue, orCard? And
icaufe Anorherto name diuers Perfons : And vpon euery Naming, they
ficke the croffe in the Box, hauing firft put it towards their Mouth, as
ifthey charmed ie; And the Cro/fe ftirreth not ; But when they come to
thePerfon thatthey would take; As they hold the Crofe to their Mouth,

126 ; Naturall Hiflory:
|
|

_they

(Century, Vie

they toch the Beardwith the Tip of their Tongue, and wet it; And)
fo iticke the Crofe in the Box; And then you fhall fee it turne finely

and foitly, threeorfoure Turnes ; Which is caufed by the vntwining

of the Beard by the Moifture. You may fe it more euidently, if you

fticke the Croft. betweene your fingers, in Stead of the Box; And ther-

fore you may fee, that this Motion, which is effected by fo little Wer,is

ftronger than the Clofing or Bending of the Head of a Marigold,

Iris reported by fome, that the Herb called Ro/a-Solis, wherof they
make Strong Waters,) will at the Noone-day, when the Swyne fhineth
hotand bright, hauc a great Dew vpon it, And therefore, thatthe right
Name is Res Sols : which they impute toa Delight and Sympathy, that
ithath with the Sunne. Men fauour Wonders, Itwere good firft to be
fure, that the Dew that is found vpon it, benorthe Dew of the Mor-
ning Preferued, when the Dew of other Herbs is breathed away ; for it
hatha finooth and thicke Leafe, that doth nor difcharge the Dew fo
foone, as other Herbs that are more Spungy and Porous, And it may
be Purflane, or fome other Herb, doth thie like, and is not marked, But
if it be fo, that it hach more Dew at Noone;than in the Morning, then
fare it feemeth to be an Exudation of the Herbirfelfe. AsPlums {weat
when they ate fet into the Quen: for you will not (I hope) thinke, that
itis like Gedeons Fleece of Poll, that the Dew fhould fall vpon that, and
nowhereelfe. |
Tris certaine, that the Honey-dews are found more vpon Oake-leanes,
than vpon Afb, or Beech, or the Ike: But whether any Cas/e be, from
the Leafe icfelfe; to concod the Dew ; Or whether it be onely, that the
Leafe is Clofe and Smooth ; ( And therefore drinketh not in the Dew;
but preferucth it; may be doubted, It would be well inquired, whe-
ther Mamma the Drug, doth fall but vpon cerraine Herbs or Leawes oncly.
Flowers that haue deepe Sockets, doe gather in the Botrome, akinde of
Honey, As Honey-Suckles ; ( both the Woodbine; and the Trifoile; ) Lil-
on) 3 and thelike. Andin them certainly the Flower beareth part with

Dew. 0". O bei

_ The Experience is, that the Froth,which they call Wood/eare, (being
like a kinde of Spittle,) is found but vpon cerraine Herbs,and thofe Hot
Oiies ; As Lane der, Lauender-cotton, Sage, Hiffope, &¢. Of the Cau/e of
tis enquirefurther ; For it feemeth a Secret; There falleth alfo il-
dew vpon Corne, and fmutteth it; Butit may be, that the fame fallech
Wpon other Herbs, and is not obferued. st 4

* Tewete'good, Triall were made, whether the great Confent be-
tweene Plants and Water, which is a principall Nourifhment of them,
Will make an Attraction or Diftance, and not at Touch onely, Therfore
¢ a Veffell, and in the middle of it make a falfe Bottome ofcourfe
Canuéffe: Fillit with Earth aboue the Canuaffe, and let not'the Earth
belwatted; Then fow fome good Seeds in that Earth ; But'vnder the
Canuaffe, fome halfe a foorin the Bottome of the Veffell, lay a great
Spange, thotowly wet in water; And fet it lye fo forme ten Dayes ; “a
ee

| 127

495

496

497

498

128
Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Making Herbs
and Fruits 4e-
dicinable.

459

500
{

——— eet

|

!
|

fee whether the Seeds will {prout,and the Earth become more Moift,and|

| deuifedof Making Plants-Medscinable, The Firftis by Slitting of the

Natural Hiftor 2

the Spuage more dry, The Experiment formerly mentioned of the Cx-
cumber,creeping to the Pot of Water, is far ftranger than this,

The Altering of the Sent, Colour, or Tafte of Fruit, by Jnfufing ,.Mix-
ing, or Letting into the Barke, or Root of the Tree, Herb, or Flower, any
Coloured, Aromaticall,or Medicinall Subftance; are but Fancies. The Cau/e
is; for that thofe Things haue paffed their Period, and nourifhnot,And
all sdceration of Vegetables, in thofe Qualities, muftbe by fomewhar,
that is apt to goe into the Nourifhment ofthe Plant, But this is trues
that where Kine feed ypon Wilde Garlicke, their Milke tafteth plainly of
the Garlicke: And the Fleth of Matcons is better tafted where the Sheepe
feed vpon Wilde Thyme, and other wholefome Herbs, Gales alfo {peaketh
of the Curing of the Scirrus of the Lier, by Melke of a Cow, that fee-
deth but vpon certaine Herbs; And Honey in Spaine {melleth (apparent-
ly) of the Rofemary, or Orenge, from whence the Bee gathereth it: And
there isan old Tradition of a Mayden that was fed with Napellws; (which
is counted the Strongeft Poyfon of all ¥egetables ; ) which with vfe did

not hurt the M@a/d, but poifoned fome that had Carnall Company with -

her. So itis obferued by fome, that there isa vertuous Bezoar, and an-
other without vertue ; which appeare to the fhew alike; Butthe Vertu-
ous is taken from the Beaft, that feedeth vpon the Mountaines, where
there are Theriacall Herbs; And that without Vertue, from thofe that
feed in the Valleyes, where no fuch Herbs are, Thus far lam of Opini-
on; That as Steeped Wines and Beeres, are very Medécimall; and Jike-
wife Bread tempred with diuers Powders 5 So of Adeatalfo, (as Flefh,
Fifh, Milke, and Egges,) that they may be made of great vie for Medé-
cine, and Diet, if the Beaffs, Fowle, ot Fifo, be fed with a fpeciall kinde o
food, fitfor the Difeafe. It werea dangerous Thing alfo for fecret Em-
poyfonments, But whether it may be applyed vnto Plamts, and Herbs; I
doubt more; Becaufe the Nourifhment of them is a morecommon
Iuyce ; which is hardly capable of any fpeciall Quality, vntillthe Plame
doe affimilate it, ne

_ But left our Incredulity may preiudice any profitable Operations in
this kind , (efpecially fince Many of the Ancients haue {et them down,)
We thinke good briefly to propound the foure Meanes, whichthey haue

Root, and Jofufing into it the Medicine; As Hellebore, Opinm, Sca
Triacle, &c. And then binding it vpagaine. This feemeth to me theleaft
robables Becaufe the Rost draweth immediately from the Earth;And
fo the Nourifhmentis the more Common, and leffc Qualified: And
befides, itis along time in Going vp, ere it come to the Frwit., The Sex
cond Way is, to Perforate the Body of the Tree, and there to Jefufe the
Medicine : Which is fomewhat better: For if any Vertue be receined
from the Medicine, it hath the lefle way, and the leffe time, to goe yp.
The Third is; the Steeping of the Seed or Kernel in fome Liquour, NUR:
n

(Century. V.

fi the Medicine is we es : Which [haue little Opinion of, becaufe the
l

\seed, (I doube,) will not draw the Parts of the Agatter, which haue the
Propriety : But ic will be farre the more likely, if you mingle the Me-
dicine with Dung ; For that the Seed naturally drawing the Moifture of
\the Dang, may callin withall fome of the Propriety, The fourth is, the
\Watring of the Plant oft, with an Infusion of the Medicime. This, in one
‘refpect, may haue more force than the reft ; Becanfe the Medication is
loft renewed; Whereas the reft are applyed but at one time: And
therefore the Vertue may the fooner vanifh. But ftill I doubr, that
jthe Reet is fomewhat too ftubborne to receitie thofe fine ImprefSions
|And befides, (as I faid before, ) they haue a great Hill to goe vp, I
iudge therefore the likelieft way to be the Perforation of the Body
ofthe Tree, in fémerall Places, one aboue the other; And the Fil-
lig of the Holes with Dung mingledwith the Medicine,
And the Watring of thofe Lumpes of Dung, with
Squirts of an Jufufiom of the Medicine in
Dunged water, once in three
or foure Daies,

}
:

NAT Y-

129

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CO POLO OO DO
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SES KE

NATVRALL

HISTORIE.

VI. Century.

AV R Experiments wetake care to be,(as| Fxperiments

in Confort,

we hauc often faid,) either Experimen=| touching coie

fiiues about

ta Fruétifera, ot Lucifera ; Either of| Fruits and | |
Vfe,orof Difcouery : For we hate Im-|"“"*
poftures; And defpile Curiofities.Yet be-

caufe we muftapply our Selues fome-
what to Others, wee will fer downe

fome Curiofities rouichin g Plants.
It is aCuriofity, to haue fenerall Frnits vpon one Tree; And the more, so!
when fome of them come Earely, and fome come Late; So that you
may haue, vpon the fame Tree, Ripe Fruits all Sommer, ‘Thisi is eafily
done, by Grafting of feuerall Cons, vpon f{euerall Boughes, of a Stock,
in a good Ground, plentifully ted. So you may haueall Kindes of Cher.
ries, andall kindes oe Plums, and Peaches, and Apricots, vpon one Tree
Butl conceiue the Déwerfity of Fruits muft be fuch, as will graft vpon
the fame Stocke. And therefore I doubt, whether you can, haue4p-
ples, or Peares, ox Orenges,vpon the fame Stocke, vpon which HOH graft
Plummes.

It is aCuriofity to haue Bruits of Diners 5 hapes, and Figures. Tis: is} S02

jeafily performed by Moulding them, when the Fraitis young, with

Moulds of Earth, or Wood.So you may haue ; Cucamabers,Sxc; as tag
S

00000000977

goq0 O90 90 OC Q

ih | 7 e , ~ Natural Hiftory:

$5

504

§Q5

506

-|the Trees. It would be tried alfo with Shoots of Fines, and Roots of Red-

asa Cane; Or as Round asaSpheare; Or formed like a Croffe. You
tnay hauealfo apples, in the forme of Peares, or Limons. You may hauc
alfo Frast in more Accurate Figuress As we faid of Men,Beajfts,or Birds,
according as you make the Moulds. Wherein you muft vnderftand,
that you make the Mould big enough, to containe the whole Fruit,
when it is: prowne to the greateft: For elfe you will choake the Sprea-
ding of the Fruit; Which otherwife would fpread it felfe, and fill the
Congeaue, and.fo be turned into. the Shape defired; As it isin Mould-
workes of Lighid Things. Some doubt may be conceiued, that the
Keeping ef tie Sunne from the Fruit, may hurt it: But there is ordina-
ry experience of Frait that groweth Couered, Quare alfo, whether
fome {mall Holes, may. not be made inthe Wood, to letin the Sunne.
And note, that it were beff to make the Moulds partible, glued, or ce-
mented together, that you may open them, when you take out the
‘Fruit.

It is a Curiofity, to haue Inferiptions, or Engramings, in Fruit, or Trees,
This is eafily performed, by Wrsting with a Needle, or Bodkin, or Knife,
or the like, when the Fruit, or Trees are young ; For as they grow, fothe
Letters will grow morc large, and Graphicall,

Teneri/g, meos incidere Amores
Arboribws,cref(cent ille,crefcetis Amores,
You may haue Trees apparrelled with Flowers, or Herbs, by Boriag

_| Holes in the Bodies of them, and Putting intothem Earth holpen with
_| Macke, and Setting Seeds, or Slips, of Violets, Strawberries, Wslde-Thyme,

Camomill, and {uch like in the Earth, Wherein they doe but grow, in the
Tree, as they doe in Pots; Though (perhaps) with fome Feeding from

Rofes ; Forit may be, they being of a more Ligncous Nature, will in-
corporate with the Tree it felfe,

Itis.an ordinary Carte/fity, to Forme Trees and Shrubs, (as Rofemary,
Juniper, and the like,), into Swsdry Shapes ; which is done by Moul-
ding them within,and Cutting them without, But they are but lame
Things, bemp too finall to keepe Figure: Great Ca/fles made of Trees
vpon Frames of Timber,with Turrets,and Arches,were anciently mat-
ters of Magnificence, t
CEA monet Curiofities,I hall place Coleuration,though it be fomewhat
better : Rot Beawey in Flowers is their Preheminence, It is obferued by
(dite, that GHly-flowers, Sweet-Williams, Violets, that are Coloured, if they
be tegleétéd ‘and neither Watred, nor New Moulded, nor Tranfplan-
ted will térne’ White, “Andit is probable, that the Whe with much cul-
tare, thay ‘ture Colowred, For this is certaine, tharthe White Colowr
cominethof Scarcity of Nourifhment; Except in Flowers that are
onely White, and admitno other Colours.
* 2. t is BSS therefore, to fee what Watures doe accompany what Ce-
lowrs Fopby’that you fhall haue Light, how to induce Colours, by Pro-

a ‘Natures. Whites are more Inodorate, (for the moft parts)
28 than

| Genii WIC
thapFlowers of thefamekinde Coloueds, Asisfound in Single White,
Violets, Waite-Rofes, Woite Gilly-Flowers; Waite Stock-Gilly-Elowers, 8c.
‘WWee finde'alfo, chat Blafomes of Trees; that are White, arecommionly
Inodgnate 3 As Cherries, Reares, Plammes, VVitrtas thofe: of apples,
Crabs, Almonds and Peaghes,.are Blufhy, and Smell fweer. «The Cau/é
is,for that the,Subftance, that maketh the Flower, is of the thinneft)
and fineftof the Plant 3-VVhbichalfo maketh Elewers to be.ofifo dain-
ty, Celaurs.n And, if itybee tod Sparing, and Thinne, itareaineth no
Strength of Odour; Except it bein fuch Plamsjasare very Succulent}

_they;nced rather cobe {canted in theinNotirifhment, than |

replenithed, rahhauc themilweer, As welee in White Satyrian, whichis)

of # Dainty Smell; And ini Beane-Flemers , Seco Aud.agaite, if the)

Plage be of Nature, to, put, forth White Blemenpancly, andthofe not
thinne, ordry, they arqcommonly of.cancke and fullomeSmells As
May-Flowers, and White Lilies, fisrraot {ls 03) . 1 WA ,
»» Contrariwale, in Berries, the Waiteiscommonly more Delicate,
and Sweet. ia Lafte, thanthe Colonred 5\As weefee in White Grapes ;
In White Rafpes In. Woe Strawherries 3 ln White Curran) Sc, The
Casfe is, for thac the Celagxedare mort inyced,and courferiuyced; And.
therefore SE see aT Butthe White are betecr!
proportionedsto the Difgeftion of the Plante. icles. too! A
sy But in, Araits, the Wbste, commonly, is meanens.As in Peare-Plams,'
ams fins, Sas (And the Choice! Rlammes are Blakes) The alberr},
¢whichthoygh they callit a Berry, isa, Freit, )-is better the Blacke, than |
the White. The, Karuc/t White-L lamme;isa bale Plumme ;\ And the Ver-'
erie and, White Date-Plamme, are no yery good Plummes., The Cau/e
is, for thar they,arcall Quer-watryy, WVhereas,an higher Concoétiom
iserequired.for Sweetnefie, or Pleafure of Tafte ; And therefore.all
your dainty Plumes, arc a little dry, arid come from the Stone; As’
the Dfu/cle-Piamme, the Damafin-Plamme, the. Peach, the: Apricots Sc.
Yetfome Fruits, which grow not,to be Blapke, are of the Nature of |
Berries; {weetclt fuch.asare Paler; As the Ce#r-Cherry, vehich ‘ingli-
ma more to, Wbite, is {weeter thamthe Red. But the Egriot is more
s KOWE Le oo or ye rif12 Lup ,2Dfih sk i Yat! toni
Dake. dly-Flower Seed, of one kinde of Gilly-Flower :( As of the
‘Glove-Gilly-Blower, which is the mofe Gommiom;) And fow it; And
therewillcome vp Gilly Flowers, fome of one Colosr, and:fome of an-
other, cafually, as the, Seed meetethwith Nourifhmenrin the Barth 5
Sothat the Gardiners finde, that. they, may have: two or three Rests a-
-mongftan hundred, that.are rare,.and of great Price : As Purple,Cars
watson of feuerall Stripes; The Caufeis;(n doubt,) that in Barth,though
‘itbe contiguous, and in one Bed, theré are very feuerall uyces ; And: as
\ the Seed doth cafually meet with them, fo it comimeth forth. Anditis
| noted efpecially, that thofe which doe come vp Purple, docalwayes
come vp Single ; The Jayce, as it.feemeth, notbeing able,tofuffice a
Succulent Colour, and a Double Leafe, This Experigsent offeuerall Co-
a fee S2 lours,

———

508

509

510

34

gut

at

514

| Naturall Hiftory:

jours, comming vp from one Seedy would be tricdalfo in Larkes- Foot,
Monkes-Hoed, Poppy, aud Hollyoke, m

Few Fraits arc coloured Red within ; The Queene- Apple is 3 And |
another Apple, called the Rofe- Apple, Mulberries likewile; and Grapes,
though moft toward the Skinne, There is a Peach alfo; that hatha
Circle of Red towards the Stone: And the Egriet-Cherry is fomewhat
Red within; But no ‘Peare, nor Warder, not Plumme, nor Apricet, al-
though they haue ( many times ) Red fides, are Coloured Red within,
TheCawfemay be enquired.

The Generall Colour of Plawts is Greene; which is a Colour that no
Flower isof. Thereis a Greenifh Prime-Rofe, but it is Pale, and fearce 4
Greene, The Leawes of fome Trees turnea little Murry, ot Reddifh; And
they be commonly Young Leawes that doe fo; As it is in Oakes,and Fines,
and Hafle, Leawes rot into a Yellow ; And fome Hollies haue part of their

Leanes Yellow, that are, (to all feeming, ) as Freth and Shining, as the
Greene. I fuppofe alfo,that rekew isa leffe Succulent Colour, than Greene;
Anda d. gree nearer White, For ithath beene noted, that thofe Telow
Leaues.of Holly ftand euer towards the North, or Nerth-Eaf. Some
Rooss are Yellow, as Carrets; And fome Plats Blowd-Red, Stalke and
Leafe, and all; as Amsaranthws. Some Herbs incline to Purple, and Red
Asa Kinde of Sage doth, and a Kinde of Mint, and Rofa Salts, &c, And
fome haue White Leawes,as another Kinde of Sage, and another Kinde
of Ment, But AZure, and a Faire Purple, are neucr found in Leawes. This
fhewerth, that Flowers are made of a Refined Iuyce,of the Earth; And
fo.are Frasts: But Leawes of amore Courfe, and Common, ;

It is a Carsofity alfo to make Flewers Dowble; Which is effeGted by
Oftew Remowing them into New Earth ; As on the contrary Part, Des-
ble Flowers, by negle@ing, and not Remouing; proue Simgle. And the
Way to doe it {peedily, is to fow or fer Seeds, or Sips of Flowers ,; And
as foone as they come vp, to remoue them into New Ground, that
is good, Enquire alfo, whether /meculating of Flowers, (as Stock-Gily-
Flowers, Rofes, Muske-Rofes, &c.) doth not make them Dosble. There is
a Cherry-Tree, that hath Dewble Bloffomes;But that Tree beareth no Frat;
And, it may be, that the fame Meanes, whichapplied to the Tree,doth
oo accelerate the Sap torife, and breake forth ; Would make
the Tree {pend it felfe in Flowers, and thofe to become Desbles Which
were a great pleafure to fec; Efpecially in Apple-Trees, Peach-Trees,
and Alwsend-Trees, that hauc Bloffomes Blulb-Colowred.

The Making of Fraits, without Core or Ssame, is likewife a Curiofity ;
And fomewhat better: Becaufe whatfocuer maketh them fo, is like to
make them more Tender and Delicate, If a Ciens or Shoot, fit co be fer
in the Ground, haue the Pith finely taken forth, (and not alrogether,
but fome ofit left, the better to faue the life,) it will bearea Fret with
little, or no Core, or Stowe, And the like is faidto be, of diuiding a
Qwicke-Tree downe tothe Ground, and Taking out the Pith, and then
binding it vp againe,

Ie

Century, VI,

| (Ie is reported alfo, that a Citro grafted vpon a Quince , will haue
{fmmall orno Seeds ; Anditis very probable, thacany Sowre Frait, praf
ted vpona Stocke, chat beareth a Streeter Fruit, may both make the Frat
fweerer, and more void of the harfh Matter of Kernells, or Seeds,
Itis reported, that not only the Taking owt of the Pith, but the Stop-
ine of the Jayce of the Pith, from Rifing in the Middeft, and Turning it
jeo rife onthe Ourfide, will make the Frat without Core, or Stome 5 As
if you (hould boarea Tree cleane thorow, and puta wedge in! Iris true,
whee is fome Afinitie berweene the Pith, and the Kernell, becaule they
‘ate both of a harlh Subftance, and both placed inthe Middett.

Ic is reported, that Trees watred perpetually with WarmeWater, will
;makea Frast, with little or no Core, or Stone. And the Ruleis generall,
that wharfocuer will make a Wilde-Tree a Garden-Trec, will make a Gar-

dea-Tree to haue lee Core; or Stone,

The Ruleis certaine, that Plants for want of Culture, degenerate to
| be bafér inthe fame Kinde ; And fometimes {0 farre, as to changeinto
another Kinde, 1. The Standing lone; and not being Remoned, maketh
them degenerate. 2. Drought, vnleflethe Earth of it felfe be moift, doth
the like. 3.So doth Remoning into worfe Earth, or Forbearing to Compoft
the Earth ; As wee fee that Water-Mint turneth into Field-Mint ; And
the Colerert into Rape by Neglect, Kes ]
SWhatloéuer Frat vieth to bee fer vpon a Root, ora Slip; if it bee
wie, will degenerate, Grapes fowne ; Figs, Almonds, Pomegranate Ker-
nells fowne ; make the Fruits degenerate, and become Wilde, And
againe, Molt of thofe Frasts that vie to be grafted, if they be fet of Ker-
nels, or Stones, degenerate, Ivis true, that Peaches, (as hath beene tou-
ched before; doe better vpon Stones Set, than vpon Grafting « And the
Rule of Exception fhould feeme to be this; That whatfoeuer Plant re-
quireth much Moifiure, profpereth better vpom the Stowe, or Kernel,
than vpontheGreft. Forthe Stocke, though it giuetha finer Nourifh-
ment, yet it giueth a fcanter, than the Earth at large. .

Seeds, if they be very Old, and yet have ftrength eriough to bring forth
a Plant, make the Plant degenerate. And therefore skilfull Gardiners
maketriall ofthe Seeds, before they buy them, whether they be good or
no, by Putting them into Water gently Boyled ; And if they be good,
they will fprout within Halfe an Houre. |
“Tt is range which is reported, that Ba/ill toomuch expofed to the
Sunne, dori ture intoWslde Thyme « Although thofe two Herbs feeme
tohaue fmall Affinitie; bur Bafill is almoft the only Hot Herbe, that hath
Pat and Succulent Zeawes; Which Oylinelffe, if it be drawne forth by
the Sunne, itis like it will make a very great Change. 5
~ There is an old Tradition, that Boughs of Oake, put into the Earth,
will put forth Wilde Vines : Which ifitbetrue, (no doubt,) it is not the
Oakethat varneth into-a Vine; butthe Oake-Bovgh Putrifying, qualifieth

Ie

| the Earth, to put forth a Vine of it felfe.

135
5*5

516

517

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Degexerating
of Plants; And
of the Tranfiiue
tation of them,
one into ano-
ther.

518
519

520

521

522

36 | Neawurall: Fiftory :

523° It is norimpofhible, and I haue heard it verified, that vpon Cutting
downe ofan Old Timber-Tree, the Stub hath put out fomerimes. a, Tree of
another Kinde ; Asthat Beech bath put forth Birch ; Which; if it' be
true, the Cas/e may be,-forthat the old Stsé is too {cant of Iuyce, to put
| forth the former Tree; And therefore putteth forth a Tree of a {maller
kinde, tharneedeth lefle Nourifhment,

524 There is. an Opinion in the Countrey, that ifthe fame Ground be of
| owen, withthe Grainethat grew upoust, it will,in the end, grow tobe
ofa baferkinde. Hy 7 of

525 It is cestaine, thatin very Sterile Yeares, Core fowne will grow toan

Other Kiide. laiw ] be:
Grandia [ape quibws mandauinsus Hordes Suleis, _

Infalix Lolium, ¢y feeriles dominantur Aucna.
And generally itis a Rule, that P/ants, that are brought forth by Cwltwre,
as Corne, willfooner change into other Species, than thofe that come of
themfelues: For that Ca/twre giueth but an Aduentitious Nature, which
is more ealily put off... barbie:

This-worke of the Tran/mutation of Plants, oneinto ano-
thet, isivter Magnalia Nature : For the Tran/mutation of Spe-
cies is, in the vulgar philofophie, pronounced Impof_ible:
And certainly, itis a thing obdiiculdie, and requireth deepe
Search into Nature: But feeing there-appeare fome manifcft
Inflances of it, the Opinion of Impoflibilitieis to be reieéted;
And theMeanes theteof to be found out. Wee fec, that in
Liuing Creatures , that come of Putrefaction, there is much
Tran/{mutation, of oneintoanother ; As Catterpillers turnein-
to Flies, &c. Andit fhouldfeeme probable, that whatfoeuer
Creature, hauing life, is generated without Seed, that Creature
will change out of one Spécies into another. For it is the
Seed, and the Nature of it, which locketh and boundeth in
theCreaiure, that it doth not expatiate. So asiweemay well
conclude, that feeing the Earth, of it felfe, doth put forth
Plants, without Sed, therefore Plants may well hauea Tran/-
migration of Species. Wherefore Wanting Inftances, which
doe occurre, wee fhall gine Directions of the moft likely
Trials: And genetally, wee would not hauethofé, thatread
this our Worke of Sy/uaSyluarum,accountit ftrange,orthinke
thatitisan OQuer-Halte, that wee haue fet downe Particulars
vatried ; For contrariwife, in our owne Eftimation, we ac-
count fuch Particulars, more worthy, than thofe that areal-

teady

ooo = — wand

at ae Ste os

| (Century. V I.

ready tried and knowne. For thefe Larter mutt be raken ‘a8
you findethem; BucrheOrher doe leuell Point blanke at the
Inuenting of Caufes, and Axiomes, :

- Firft therefore you muft make account, that if you will haue one
Plant change into another, you muft have the Nowri/bmsent ouer-rule the
Seed; And therefore you are to pratile it by Nowrifhments as contrary,
asmay be, tothe Nature of the Herbe ; So neuertheleffe as the Herbe may
grow ; And likewife with Seeds thacareof the Weakeft Sort, and haue
jeaft Vigour, You fhall doe well therefore, to take Marfb-Herbs, and
Plane them vpon Tops of Hills, and Champaignes ; And fuch Plants as
reqaire much Moifture, vpon Sandy and very drie Grounds, As for
Example, Afar/b-Mallowes, and Sedge, vpon Hills ; Cwewmber and Let-
tuce-Seeds , and Coleworts, vpon a Sandy Plot : So contrariwife plant
Bufbes, Heath, Ling, and Brakes, vpon a Wet or Mar/hb Ground, This I
conceiue alfo, that all E/calemt and Garden-Herbs, {et vpon the Tops of
Hills, will proue more Mediciwall, though leffe E/culent, thanthey were
before. And it may be likewife, fome Wilde-Herbs you may make Sal-
let-Herbs, Thisis the firlt Rule for Tr4x/mutation of Plants,

The fecond Rule fhall be to burie fome few Seeds, of the Herbe you
would change, amongft other Seeds ; Andthen you thall fee, whether
theTiyce of thot other Seeds, doe not fo qualifie the Earth, as it will
alter the Seed, whereupon you worke, As for Example 5 Put Par /ly-
Seed amongtt Onion-Seed ; Or Lettuce-Seed amongtt Parfly-Seed ; Or

eedamoneft Toyme-Seed ; And fee the Change of Tafte, or other-
wile, But you fliall doe well, to put the Seed you would change, into
alittle linnen Cloth, that it mingle not with the forraine Seed,

The third Rule fhall be, the taking of fome Medley or Mixture of
Earth, with fome other Plants Braifed, or Shanen, either in Leafe or
Root : As for Example, make Earth with a Mixture of Colewort-Leaues,
ftamped, and fein it Artichaskes, or Par/mips; So take Earth made with
Matoram, ot Origanam, ot Wilde-Thyme, bruifed, or ftamped, and fet in
it Fennell-Seed, &c. In which Operation, the Procefle of Nattire fill
will'be, (as I conceiue,) not that the Herbe you worke vpon, thould
raw the Iuyce of the Forraine Herbe; (For that Opinion wee haue for-
rly reiefted;) But that there will be: a New Confe@ion of Mould,
nin alterthe Seed, and yet nottothe kinde of the former
A ‘

The fourth Rule thall be, to marke what Herbs, fome Earths-doe put
rth of themfelues ; And to takethat Barth, and to Pot it, or to Veffel
it 5 Andin that'to fer the Seed you would change: As forexdmple, take
: from vnder Walls, orthe like, where Nettles put forth in abundance,
'|the Earth which you thall there finde, without any String, or Root of
the Wertles 5 And Pot that Earth, and fet in it Stock-gilly.flowers, ot
Wall-Flowers, &c. Or fow in the Seeds of them ; And fee what the
| Euent willbe: Or take Earth, thag you haue preparéd to putforth Mu/b-
Ch romes,

526

27.

528

529

138 | o Natural Hiftory:

ee

romes, of it felfe, (whereof you fhall finde fome Jm/fances following ; )

And fow in it Pur /lane-Seed, or Lettuce-Seed ; For inthefe Experiments,

itis likely enough, that the Earth being accuftomed to fend forth one

Kinde of Nourifhment, will alter the new Seed.

530 The fifth Rule fhall be, to make the Herbe grow Contrary to bis Na-
tare ; Asto make Groana-Herbes rile in Heighth : As for example; Carry
Camowill, or Weide-Thyme, or the Greene Strawberry, vpon Sticks, as

ou doe Hops vpon Poles ; And fee what the Euent will be.

531 The fixth Rule fhall be, to make Plants grow ont of the Sunne, or Open

Aire ; For that is a great Mutation in Nature ; And may induce a

Change inthe Seed : As barrell vp Earth, and fow fome Scedin it, and

putitin the Bottome of a Pond ; Or put it in fome great hollow Tree ;

Trie alfo the Sowing of Seeds, in the Bottomes of Caues ; And Pots

with Seeds fowne, hanged vp in Wells, fome diftance from the Water,

and fee what the Euent will be.

Experiments It is certaine, that Timber-Trees in Coppice-Woods, grow mote vpright,

tourhing the {22d more free from Vnder-Boughs, than thofé that ftand in the Field:

Proceritic, and | Lhe Caufe whereofis, for that Plants hauea Naturall Motion, to get to

pier and |the Sunne ; And belides, they are not glutted with too much Noutifh-

fing of Trees. | Ment 5 For that the Coppice fhareth with them 5 And Repletion euer hin-

532 dreth Stature ; Laftly, they are kept warme ; And that euer in Plants
helpeth Mounting.

533 Trees, that are; of themfelues, full of Heat, (which Heat appeareth
by their Jeflammable Gumms,) as Firrs, and Pines, mount of themfelues
in Heighth without Side-Boughs, tilithey come towards the Top. The
Caufeis, partly Heat ; And partly Tenuitie of luyce ; Both which fend
the Sap vpwards. As for Juniper, it is but a Shrub, and groweth not
bigge enough in Body, to maintaineatall Tree,

534 Ic is reported, that aGood Strong Canuas, {pread ouer a Tree grafted
low, foone after it putteth forth, will dmwarfe it, and make it fpread. The
Cau/eisplaine ; For that all Things that grow, will grow as they finde
Roome.

535 Trees ave generally fet of Roots; or Kernells ; But if you fet them of
Slips, (as of fome Trees you may, by namethe Mulberry,) fome of the
Shpswilltake ; And thofe that take, (as is reported,) will be Dwarfe-
Trees. The Canfeis, for that a Slip draweth Nourifhment more weakly,
than either a.Roor, or Kernel.

536 All Plants, that put forth their Sap haftily, haue their Bodies not pro-
portionable to their Length ; And therefore they are W#nders, and Cres-
pers ; As Iuy, Briony, Hops, Woodbine : Whereas Dwarfng requireth a
flow Putting forth, and leflé Vigour of Mounting.

Experiments The Scripture faith, that Salomon wrote a Natural Hiftory,

in Conferr,

touching the | from the (Cedar of Libanus,to the Mo/fe growing upon theWall :
r For
na. arn snrnnnRnmmcmenpeemecimcmmeemmemeemeenneneem cose ee ee ree

(Century. VI.

See eee aS
Forfo the bett Tranflations haueit. And itis true that Moje
isbut the Rudiment of a Plant, And (as it were) the Mou/d o|

arth, or Barke.

Moe(fe gtoweth chiefly vpon Ridges of How/és,tiled or thatched; And
pon the Crefs of Walls, And that Mo/e is ofa lightfome, and pleafant
Greene, The Growing vpon Slopes is caufed, for that afeffe, as on the
one fide it commeth of Moifture and Water, fo on the other fide the
Water mult but Slide, and not Stand or Poole. And the Growing vpon
Tiles, ot Walls, &c, is caufed, for that thofe dried Earths, hauing not
Moifture fufficient to put forth a Plant, doe practife Germination by Put-
ting forth Mfe/fe ; Though when by Age, or otherwife, they grow to
relent and refolue, they fometimes put forth Plasts; As Wall-Flowers,
And almoft all Aoffe hath here and there little Stalkes, befides the low
Thrumme,

Moffe groweth vpon ADeyes, efpecially fuch as lye Cold, and ypon
the North ; As indiuers Tarraffes: And againe, if they be much trod-
den ; Orif they were, at the firft, grauelled ; For wherefoeuer Plants
are kept downe, the Earth putteth forth Mo/e.

Old Ground, that hath beene long vnbroken vp, gathereth Meer:
And therfore Husbandmen vfe to cure theit Pa/fwre Grounds,when they
grow to Moje, by Tilling them for a yeare, or two: Whichalfo depen-
deth vpon the fame Cas/e ; For that, the more Sparing and Staruing
Tuyce of the Earth, infufficient for Plants, doth breed Mo/ffe.

Old Trees ate more Moffy, (farre ) than Young ; For that the Sap is
not fo francke as.to rife all to the Boughes, bur tireth by the way, and
purtech our Mo//e, |

Fountaines have Moffe growing vpon the Grownd about them ;

Mufcoft Fontes ;
The Caufé is, for that the Fountaines drainethe Water from the Ground
Adiacent,and leaue but fufficient Moifture to breed Afof/e: And befides,
the Coldne/fe of the P¥ater conduceth to the fame. ,

The Moffe of Trees, is akinde of Haire ; For it is the Inyce of the
Tree, that is Excerned, and doth nor Affimilate. And vpon great Trecs
the Moffé gathereth a Figure, likea Leafe.

The Moifter Sort of Trees yceld little Mofé; As wefeein Afpes, Po-
rs,Willowes, Beeches, &c. WWhichis partly caufed,for the Reafon that
hath beene giuen, ofthe francke Putting vp of the Sap into the Boughes;
And partly, for that the Barkes of thofé Trees, are more Clofe and
Smooth, than thofe of Oakes, and Afhes; VWhereby the Moffe'can the
hardlier iffue out. | ,
"In Clay-Grounds, all Frait-Trees grow full of Moffe, both vpon Boay
and Boughes; Which is caufed, partly by the Coldme/e of theGround,
whereby the Plazts nourifhleffe; And partly by the Zoughneffe of the
th, whereby the Sap is (hut in,and cannot get vp,te {pread fo franck-
ly, as it fhould doe. :

T Wet

139

Rha hm onal a
Plane 4) 4
Me Cx npemeracn
4/ Pinar a
Pafare plork <

537

538

540

541

542

543

544

140 |

545

546

$47

OO

leffe Fruitfull,and gather Moffe « And that they areholpen by Hacking,

: Neaturall Aiflory :

Wee haue faid heretofore, that if Trees be Hide-bound, they wax

&c, And therefore by the Reafon of Contraries, if Trees be bound in
with Cords, or fome Outward Bards, they will put forth more Mofer:
Which (I thinke) happenethto Trees that {tand Bleake, and vpon the
Cold Winds. Ic would alfo be tried, whether, if you couer a Tree,
fomewhat thicke vpon the top, after his Powling, it will not gather
more Moffe, I thinke alfo, the Watring of Trees with Cold Fountaine-Wa-
ter, willmake them grow full of Mofe.

There isa Moffe the Perfumers hauc, which commeth out of Apple-
Trees, thathath an Excellent Sent, Queré particularly for the Manner
of the Growth, and the Nature of it. And for this Experiments fake, be-
ing a Thing of Price, haue fet downe the laft Experzments,how to mul-
tiply, and call on Mo/fes,

Next vnto Mo/fe,I will {peake of Mu/bromes ; Which are
likewife an Vinperfect Plant. Thefle Mu/bromes haue two
ftrange Properties ; The One, that they yeeld fo Delicious a
Meat ; The other, that they come vp fo haffily ; Asin a Night ;
And yet they are ’z/owne. And therefore, fuch as are Vpftarts
in State, they call, in reproch, Mu/bromes. It muft needs bee|-
therefore, that they be madeof much Moiffure ; And that
Moifture Fat, Groffe, and:yet fomewhat Concoéted. And
(indeed) we finde, that Mu/bromes caufe the Accident, which
we call Incubus,or the Mare, in the Stomacke. And therefore
the Surfet of them may Suffocate, andEmpoyfon. And this
fheweth, that they are Windy ; Andthat Windinefle is Grofle,
and Swelling ; Not Sharpe, or-Griping. And vpon thefame
reaton Mufhromes are a venereous Meat. ‘

It is reported, that the Barke of White, or Red Poplar, (which are of
the Moifteft of Trees,) cut {mall,and caft into Furrewes welldunged,will
caufe the Ground to put forth Mafbremes, atall Seasons of the Yeare, fit
tobe eaten. Some adde to the Mixture Leawen of Bread, refolued in
Water.

It is reported, that if a Hilly-Field, where the Stubble is ftanding,
bee fet on Fére,in.a Showry Seafon, it will put forth great Store of
Muafhromes, .

It is reported, that Harts-Horne, Shauen,or in Small Peeces, mixed
with Dung, and watred, putteth vp Mufhromes, And we know Harts-
Horneis of a Fat andClammy Subftance: And itmay be Oxe-Hormey
would doe the like. | v

It hath beene reported,though it be {carce credible, that Jay hath

growne out of a Stags-Horwe; VVhich they fuppofe, did rather i
om

(Century. V I, td

ee —’

from aCon/Picatien of the Herne vpon the Jay, than from the Horne it
felfe. There is not knowne any Subftance,but Earth, and the Procedures
Barth, (as Tile, Stome, &c.) that yeeldeth any Moffe,or Herby Subjlance, |
There may be Trial made of fome Seeds,as that of Fennel.Seed, Matar d-
Seed, and Rape-Seed, put into fome little Holes, made in the Hornes of
Stags, or Oxen, to fec if they will grow,
There is alfo another Maperfect Plant, that (in fhew) is like a great 5§t
Majbreme: And itis fometimes as broad as ones Hat ; Which they call
a Toads-Stoole : But it isnot Efculent ; And it groweth (commonly) by
adead Stub of aTree; And likewife about the Roots of Rotten Trees :
And therefore feemeth to take his luyce from Wood Patrified, Which
thewerh, by the way, that Wood Putrified yeeldetha franke Moifture,
There is a Cake, that growethvpon the Side of a Dead Tree, that $52
hath gotten no Name, but it is large, and of a Chefaut Colour, and
hard, and pithy ; Wheteby it fhould feeme, that euen Dead Trees tor-
getnortheir Purting forth ; No more chan the Carcsffes of Mens Bodies,
thar put forth Harre, and Naéles, fora Time. |
There is a Cod, or Bag, that growethcommonly in the Fields; That] 5 53
atthe firftis hard like a Tennis-Ball, and white; And after groweth of a
Ma fbrome Colour, and full of light Ds vpon the Breaking: And is
sght to be dangerous for the Eyes, if the Powder get into them ;
And to bee good for Kies, Belike it hath a Correfine, and Fretting
Natare.
Thereis an Heré called Jewes-Eare, that growethvpon the Roots, 554
and Lower Parts of the Bodies of Trees ; E{pecially of Elders, and fome-
times Affes. Ic hath a ftrange Property ; For in Warme water, it {wel-
leth, and openeth extremely. Iris not greene, but of a dusky browne
Colour, And itis vfed for Squinancies,and Inflawsmations 10 the Throat ;
Whereby it feemeth to haue a Mollifying, atid Len fying Vertue,
There is a Kinde of Spongy Excre/cence, which groweth chiefly vp- $55
on the Roots of the Lafer-Tiee; And fometimes vpon Cedar, and other
Trees. Itis very White, and Light, and Friable: Which we call Aga-
rick. Iris famous in Phyficke for the Purging of Tough flegme, And it is
alfo an excellent Opener for the Léwer: Bat Otfenfiuc to the Stomack; And
in Taffe itis, atthe firt, Sweet, and after Bister.
Wefinde no Saper-Plast, that is a Formed Plant, but Miffeltoe, They 556
haue an idle Tradition, that there is a Bird,called a Miffel-Bird, that fee.
deth vpon a Seed, which many times fhee cannot difgeft, and fo expel-
lethit whole with her Excrement: which falling vpon a Bough of a Tree,
that hathfome Rift, putteth forth the aufeltoe. But this isa Fable: For
it isnot probable, that Birds fhould feed vpon that they cannot difgeft.
But allow that,yet it cannot be for other Reafons : For Firft, it is found
but vpon certaine Trees, And thofe Trees beare no fuch Frisét,as may al-
lure that Bird to fit,andfeed ypon them, It may be, that Bird feedeth
vpon the Miffeltee- Ferries,and fo is often found there; Which may haue
giuen occafion to the Tale, But that which makethan End of the Que-
2 wo..,, Ton

Zo

557

558

502

Natural Hiftory :

ftion, is, chat 44i/felroe hath beene found to put forth vnder the Boughes,|.

| and not (onely) aboue the Boaghes : Soit cannot be any Thing that fal-

|leth vpon the Bosgh. Miffeltoe groweth cluefly vpon Crab-Trees, Apple-

| Trees, fometimes vpon Hafles; Andrarely vpon Oakes; The Miffeltoes
whereof is.counted very Medicinal, It is cuer greene, Winter and Sume
mer ; And beareth a White Gliffering Berry: And itis a Plant, veterly
differing from the Plant, vpon which it groweth. Two things therfore
may be certainly fet downe: Firft, that Super-fatation muft be by Zbup-
dance of Sap, in the Bough that putteth it forth: Secondly, thatthat §
mutt be fuch, as the Tree doth excerne, and cannot affimilate; For elfe
it would goe into a Bough; And befides, it feemeth to be more Fatand
Vn@uous, than the Ordinary Sap of the Tree; Both by the Berry,which
is Clammy ; And by that itcontinueth greene, Winter and Summer,
which the Tree doth not.

This Experiment of Miffeltoe may giue Light to other Pra@ifes.
Therefore Triall would be made,by Ripping ofthe Bough of a Crab-Tree,
in the Barke ; And Watring of the Wound cuery Day, with Warme Wa-
ter Dunged, to fee if it would bring forth Maffeltoc, or any fuchlike
Thing. Bucit were yet morc likely to try it,with fome other Watring,
or Anointing, that were not fo Naturall to the Tree, as Water is; As
Oyle, or Barme of Drinke, &c, So they be fuch Things as kill nor the
Bough,

tt were good to try, what Plants would put forth, if they be forbid-
den to put forth their Natwrall Boughes : Poll therefore a Tree, and couer
it, fome thickneffe, with Clay on the Tops And fee what it will pur
forth, I fappofe it will put forth Roots ; For fo will a Céoms,being turned
| downe into Clay : Therefore, in this Experiment alfo, the Tree would be

| clofed with fomewhat, that is not fo Naturall tothe Plant, as Clay is,
Try it with Leather, or Cloth, or Painting,fo it be not hurtfull to the Tree,
| And it is certaine, that a Brake hath beene knowne to grow out of a
| Pollard.
A Man may count the Prickles of Trees to bea kinde of Excrefcence ;
For they will neuer be Boaghes, nor beare Leawes, The Plants that haue
| Prickles, ave Thornes, blacke and white ; Brier 5 Rofe ; Limon-Trees; Crab-
Trees, Goofe-Berry ; Berbery 3 Thefe haueit in the Bough, The Plants that
haue Prickles in the Leafe, are; Holly ; Inmiper;Whin-bufb ; Thiftle ; Net-
'tles afohauea {mall Venemous Prickle ; So hath Borrage, but harme-
lefle. The Caw/ée mutt be Ha/ty Putting forth; Want of Mosftare; And the
| Clofeneffe of the Barke; For the Ha/fe of the ‘Spirit to put forth, and the
| Want of Nourifbment vo putforth a Bough, and the Clofeneffe of the Barke, |
| caufe Prickles in Boughes ; And therefore they are euer like a Pyrames,
for that the Moi/ture {fpendeth after a little Putting forth, And for
Prickles in, Eeaues, they come alfo of Putting forth more Iuyce into the
Leafe,than can {pread in the Zeafe fmooth ; And therefore the Leawes o-
| therwife are Rough,as Borrage and Nettles are, As for the Leanes of Holly,
they are Smooth, but neuer Plaine, but as it were with Folds,for the fame
Canfe. There;

| (Century. V I.
| There be alfo Plants, that though they haueno Prickles, yet they
hawea Kinde of Downy or Yelue: Rize, vpon their Leawes ; As Rofe.Cam-
‘pion, Stock-Gilly- Flowers, Colts-Foot ; which Downe or Nap commeth of
(2 wbtil Spirit, ina Soft or Fat Subffance. For itis certaine, that both
| Stock-Gilly-Flowers,and Re/e-Campions, tamped, haue beene applied,
(with fuccefle,) to the Wre/fs of thofe that haue had Tertian, or Quartan
Agues; And the Vapour of Colts-Foot hath a Sanatiue vertue, towards
the Lumgs; And the Leafe alfo is Healing in Surgery,

Another Kinde of Excrefcence isan Exwdation of Plants,ioyned with
| Putrefaction ; Aswe fee in Oake- Apples,which are found chiefly vpon
the Leawes of Oakes; And the like vpon Willewes: And Countrey Peo-
| ple haueakindeof Prediction, that if the Oake- Apple, broken, be full of
Wormes, itisaSigne of a Peftilent Yeare; Whichis a likely Thing, be-
cauft they grow of Corruption.
| "There is alfovpon Sweet, or other Brier, afine Tuft, or Brafh of
| Moffe,of diuers Colours 5 Which if you cut, you fhall euer finde full
} of little white Wormmes. _

It is certaine, chat Zarthtaken out of the Foundations of Vanlts and
Houfes, and Bettomes of Wells, and then put into Pots,will pur forth Sun-
dry Kindes of Herbs : But fome Time is required, for the Germination ;
Forif it beraken, butfrom a Fashome deepe, it will put forth the Firi#
reare; If much deeper, not till after aYesre, or Two,

_., The Nature of the P/ants' growing out of Earth fo.taken yp, doth fol-
low.the Nature of the Mow/dit felfe; Asif the Mould be Soft, and Fine,
it putteth forth Soft Herbs; As Gra(fe, Plantine, and the like ; Ifthe Earth

be Harder and Courfer, it pntteth forth Herbs more Rough, as Thistles,
Firres, &<c. es

Itis Common Experience, that where Alleyes are clofe Grauelled, the
Earth putteth forth, the firlt yeare, Kaot-gra(fe,and after Spire-graffe.The
Caufe is, for thatthe Hard Grawel, or Pebble at the firft Laying, will not
{utter the Grae to come forth vpright, but turneth it to finde his way
where it can; But after that the Earth is fomewhat loofened at the Top,
' the Ordinary Grae commeth vp,

; Ic is reported, that Earth, being taken out of Shady and Watry
Woods, fome depth, and Potted, will put forth Herbs of a Fat and luycy

Subfiance ; As Peuny-wort, Purflane, Houfleeke, Penny-royall, &c.
|. The Water allo doth fend forth Plants, that haue no Roots fixed in
the Bottome ; But they are lefle Perfect Plants, being almoft but Leawes,
_and thofe Small ones : Such is that we call Duck-Weed ; VWhich hath a

| Leafe no bigger thana Thyme-Leafe, but of a frefher Greene, and put-
_teth forth a little String into the Water, farre from the Bottome, As for
. the Water-Lilly, it hath a Root in the Greand : And fo hauc a Number of
other Herbs that grow in Ponds,

_ Itisreported by fome of the Ancients, and fome Moderne Teftimony
| likewife, that there be fome Plants, that grow vpon the Top of the Sea;

143

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Producing of
Perfe& Plants
without Seed,

$93
564

565

567

568

2 : Being

144 | | | Naturall Aifiory:

|

Being fuppofed to grow of fome Concretion of Slime from the Water,
where the Suzze beareth hot, and where the Sea ftirreth little, As for
Algs Marina, ( Sea-weed,)and Eryngivm (Sea-Thiffle,) both haue Roots ;
but the Se-weed vnder the Water, the Sea-Thile but vpon the Shore,
559 The Ancients haue noted, that there are fome Herbs, that grow
out of Saow, laid vp clofe together, and Patrified; And that they are
all Bitter ; And they name one {pecially, Flemus, which wee call Moth-
Mullesm. [tis certaine, that Wormes are found in Syow commonly, like
Earth-Wormes ; And therefore it is not vnlike, that it may likewife put
forth Plants.
$70 The Ancients haue affirmed, that there arefome Herbs, that grow
: out of Stose; Which may be, for that it is certain, that Toads haue been
found in the Middle of a Free-Stone, We fee alfo, that Flints, lying
aboue Ground,gather Moffe; And Wall-Flowers,and fome other Flowers,
grow vpon Walls ; Bett whether vpon the Maine Bricke,or Stone,or whe-
: ther out of the Lime, or Chinckes, is not welliobferue d; For Elders and
| Afbes haue beene {eene to grow out of Steegles: But they manifeftly
| grow out ef Clefés;In fo muchas when they grow big, they will difioyne
the Stese. And befides it is doubrtfull, whether the Agortar it felfe put-
| teth it forth, or whether fome Seeds be not let fall by Birds. There be
| likewife Rock-Herbs;But I fuppofe thofe ate where there is fome Muld,
or Earth, Ithath likewife beene found, that great Trees growing vpon
Quarries, haue put downe their Root into the Stome, 9)
$71 In fome Mines in Germany,as is reported,there grow in the Botrome
Pegetables; And the Worke-Folkes vie to fay, they haue Magical Pertue ;
And will not fuffer Mento gather chem;
572 The Sea-Sands feldome beare Plants, Wheteof the Cau/e is ycel-
$73

ded, by fome of tle Ancients, for that the Sunme exhaleth the Moifturer,
before itean incorporate with the Barth, and yeeld a Nourifhment for
the Plant, And itis affirmed alfo, that Sand hath (alwayes) his Reot in
Clay ; And that there be no Veints of Sand, any great depth within the
| Barth,
Ic is certaine, that fome Plants put forth fora time, of their owne
Store, without any Nourifiment from Earth, Water, Stone, &c, Of which
Vide the Experiment 29, ;

Experiments It is reported, that Earth, that was brought out of the Indies, and o-
bate Ear ther Remore Countries, for Ballaft of Ships, caft wpon fome Gresnds in Ita-
vaincPums, | dy, did put forth Forraine Herls, to vs in Europe not knowne ; And, that
574 whichis more, that of their Roots, Barkes, and Seeds,conty/ed together,
and mingled with other Earth, and well Watred with Warme Water,

there came forth Herbs, much like the Other,
$75 Plants brought out of Hot Countries, will er devour to put forth, at
the fame Timethat they vfual!y do in their owne Climate; And therfore
to preferne them, there isno more required, than zoxkeepe them from
the Iniury of Putting backe by Cold, It is reported alfo, that Graine a

°

—

H
‘

a ES a ee a

~ =e

(Century. VI.

ofthe Hotter Countries tran{lated intothe Calder, willbe more forwatd,
than the Ordinary Graine of the Cold Countrey. It is likely, that this will
rour better in Graines, than in Trees; For that Graines are but Annual ;
And fo the Ferswe of che Seedis not worne out; Whereas ina Tree, it is
embaled bythe Grasnd, to which itis Remoued. bane
Many Plants, which grow in the Hotter. Countries ; being fet in the
Colder, willneuerthelefle, enenin thofe Cold Countries, being fowne of
Seeds lace im the Spring, come vp and abide moft Part of the Swmimer 4
As we finde it in Orenge, and Limon-Seeds, &c, The Seeds whereof,
Sowenin the End of Aprsil, will bring forth Excellent Sallets, mingled
with other Herbs. And I doubt not, but the Seeds of Clowe-Trees, and
Pepper- Seeds, &c. if they could come hither Greene enongh to be fowen,

would dove the like.

Therebe fome Flowers, Bloffomes, Graines, and Fruits, which come
more Early ; And Others which come more Zate in the Yeare. The
Flowers that come early, withvs, are ; Prime-Rofés, Violets, Anemonies,
Water-Daffadzllies, Crocus Vernus, and {ome eatly Tulippa’s. And they
areall.cold Plawts; VVhich therefore, (asit fhould feeme,) have a quic-
ker Perception, of che Heat ot the Suane Increafing, than the Hot Herbs
haue’; AsaCold Hand willfooner findea little Warmth, than a Hot. And
thofe that come nextafter, are Wall-Flowers, Cowflips, Hyacinths, Rofe-

miry-Elowers, &c. And after them, Pincks,‘Rofes, Flowerdeluces, Kes

145

576

Experiments
in Conferr,
touching the
Seafims in
which Plants
come forth,

577

Aindthe lateitare Gilly-Flowers, Holly-oakes, Larkes-Foot, &c. The Ear-|
lic Bloffémesare, the Bloffomes ot Peaches, Almonds; Coruelians, Mezeri-\

ons; $cc. And they areot fuch Trees; as haue much Moifture, either H2-

brie, or Oylie And therefore Crocus Vernus al(o, ‘being an’ Hérbe, that}

hath an Oylie uyce, putteth forthearly, For thofé alfo findethe Suane>
foonerthan the Drier Trees. The Graines are, firft Rye and Wheat ; Then
Oats and. Barley ; Then Peafe and Beanes,, Forthough Greene Pes/e and
Beanes beeaten fooner, yetthe Drie Ones, thar are vied for Hor(e-Meat,
re ripe laft 5 And it. feemeth that the Fatter Grainecommeth firlt, ‘The
liek Frastsare, Strawberries, Cherries,.Gaofeberries Corrans 3 And
afterthem Early Apples, Early Peares, Apricots, Rafps ; And after them
Damefins, and.moft Kinde of Plums, Peaches, &c, And the lateft are
Apples, Wardens, Grapes, Nuts, Quinces, Almonds; Sloes, Brier-Berries,
ape, Medlars, Seruices, Cornelians, &c,
_ Itisto

i

PF wi ie:
noted, that, (commonly) Trees that ripen late/?, blofome

» | foneft : As Peaches, Cornelians, Sloes, Almonds, &c. And it feemeth to

bea Worke ofProuidence, that they bloffome fo foone; For otherwile,
they could not baue the Swane long enough to ripen. j

_ythere be Fruits, (butrarely,) that come twicaa Yeare; as fome Peares,
Strawberries, &c. Andit feemeththey are fuch, ‘as abound with Nou-
rifhment ; Whereby after one Perigd, before the Susne waxeth too

= », they, can endure another, . The Violet allo, amongft Flowers,

commethtwiceaYearc ; Efpecially the Double White ; Aud that alfo

poor! 1s-

578

rh er eee = eS <

: 146

580

581

5 82

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Lajiing ot Herbs
and Trees.

533

54

re Naturall Hiftory :

a al
isa Plant fullof Moifture. Rofes cometwice, but it is not without Cw#t-
ting, as hath beene formerly faid.

In AMn/couia, though the Corne come not vp, till late Spring, yet their
Harwc/t is as Early as Ours. The Canfe is, for that the Strength of the
Ground is kept in with the Swow ; And wee {ee with vs, that if it be a
long Winter, itis commonly a more Plentifull Yeare : And after thofe
kinde of Winters likewife, the Flowers, and Corne, which are Earlier, and
Later, doe come commonly at once, and at the fame time ; Which
troubleth the Hwsbandman many times ; For you fhall haue Red Rofes,
and Damsaske Rofes, come together ; And likewife the Harueft of Wheat
and Barley, But this happeneth euer , for that the Earlier ftaieth for the
Later; And notthat the Later commeth fooner. |

There be diuers Fraét-Trees, in the Hot Countries, which haue Blof-
fomes, and Young Fruit, and Répe Fruit, almoftall the Yeare, fucceeding
oncanother, And it is faid, the Oremge hath the like with vs, for a great
Part of Summer ; And fo alfohath the Figge. And no doubt, the Na-
tarall Motion of Plants, isto haue fo ; But that either they want Zayce to
{pend ; Orthey meet with the Cold of the Winter : And therefore this
Circle of Ripening cannot be, butin Succalent Plants,and Hot Countries,

Some Herbs are but Annwall, and die, Root andall, oncea Yeare; As
Borrage, Lettuce, Cucumbers, Muske-Melons, Bajih, T obacco, Muftard-Seed,
and all kindes of Corne ; Some continue many Yeares ; As Hyffoper,
Germander, Lanander, Fennell, &c, The Cau/e of the Dying is double;
The firftis the Tenderne/fe and Weakne//e of the Seed, which maketh the
Period in afmall time 3 Asitis in Borrage,Lettace, Cucumbers, Corme, &c.
And therefore none of thefe are Hot. The other Cas/eis, tor that fome
Herbs can worle endure Cold ; As Bafit, Tobacco, Muftard-Seed, And
thefe haue (all) much Heas.

The Lafting of Plants is moftin thofe that are Largeft of Bedy ; As

Oakes, Elme, Che{-Nat, the Loat-Tree, &c. And this holdeth in Trees;

But in Herbsit is oftencontrary ; For Borage, Colewort, Pomptons, which
are Herbs of the Largeft Size, are of {mall Durance ; Whereas Ay/fope,
Winter-Sanoury, Germander, Thyme, Sage, willlaft long.. The Caw/e is,
for chat Trees lat according to the Strength, and Quantitie of their Sap
and Juyce ; Being well munited by their Bare againft the Iniuries of the
Aire : Butslerbs draw a Weake Jwyce ; And haue a Soft Stalke ; And
therefore thofe amongft them which lat longelt, are Herbs of Strong
Smeil, and with a Sticky Stalke,

Trees that beare Ma/?, and Nets, arecommonly more lafting, than
thofe that beare Fruits; Efpecially the Moi/ter Fruits : As Oakes, Beeches,
Chefauts, Wall-suts, Almonds, Pine-Trees, &c. laft longer shan Apples,
Peares, Plums, &c. The Cau/e isthe Fatneff and Oylineffe ot the Saps
Which cuer wafteth leffe, than the more Watry.

Trees, that bring forth their Zeawes late in the Yeare,and caftthem like-
wile late, are more /a/fing, than thofe that fprout their Leaues sap

RR

AO RRS Tle eI

oo”

| Ee st

pene. And the fame Caa/e is, chat Wilde-Trees laft longer than Gar-
den- Trees; And in the fame kinde,thofe whofe Fruit is Acide;more than

{fonably,and will {pare the vic of them, and fufferthem rocome vp ftill
:young, will laft more Yeates than one; As hath beene partly touched ;
\Such as is Lettuce, Pwr /lane, Cucumber, and the like. And for Great Trees,
we {ce almoit all Oser-growae-Trees,in Church-yards,or neare Ancient
Buildings, and the lixe, are Pollards, or Dottards, and not-Trees at their
full Height,
| Some Experiment would be made, how by Art to make Plests more
Lafting, than their ordinary Period; Astomake a Stalke of Wheat, &c.
daft a whole yeare. You mut cuer prefuppofe, that you handle it fo, as
ithe Water killeth it not; For wefpeake onely of Prolonging the Natural
Period. Lconceiue, thatthe Rule will hold; That whatfoeuer maketh
the Herbe come later, than at his time, will make ir laft longer time: It
were good totry it, in a.Stalke of Wheat, 8c. fer in the Shade, and ef-
compafied witha Cale of Wed, not touching the Straw, tokcepe out
Open Aire.

As for the Preferuation of Fruits, and Plants, as well upon the Tree,
er Stalke, af gathered, we foall handle it under the Title of Conferuation
Bodies,

The Particular Figures of Plantswe \eaue to their Defcriptions ; But
fome few Things, in generall, we will obferue, Trees and Herbs, in the
Growing forth of their Bowghes, and Branches, are not Figured, and keep
noOrder, The Caw/e is, for that the Sap, being reftrained in the Rinde,

,and Barke, breaketh not forth at all; (As inthe Bodies of Trees, and
| Stalkes of Herbs,) till they begin to branch; And then, when they make
an Eruption, they breake forth cafually, where they finde beft way, in
the Barke, or Rinde, Ic is true,that {ome Trees are more {cattered in their
Boughes ; As Sallow-Trees, Warden-Trees, Quince-Trees, Medlar-Trees, Li-
\sou-Trees, &c, Some are more in the forme of a Pyramss, and come al-
mofkto todd; As the Peare Tree, (which the Critickes will haue to bor-|
row hisname of ave, Fire,) Orenge-Trees,Firre=Trees, Serwice-Trees,Linme-
Trees, &c. And fome are more {pred and bro.d;As Beeches, Horncheame,
8c, The reft are more ind fferent, The Cas/e of Scattering the Boughes,
isthe Hafty breaking forth of the Sap ; And therefore thofe Trees rife
notin a Body of any Height, but branch neare the Ground, The Canfe>
of the Pyramis, is the Keeping in of the Sap, long before it branch; And
the {pending of it when it beginnethto branch, by equalldegrees, The
af Spreading

586

587

Experiments
in Confore
touching the
feverall Figures
of Plaats,

588

520

Experiments
in Confort,
touching fome
Principal Diffe-
reaces in Plamise

sot

592

Naturall Aiftory:

| Spreading is caufed by the Carrying vp of the Sap, plentifully, without

Expence; And then putting it forth{peedily, andatonce, |

.» There be diuers Herbs, but no Trees, that may be faid to hauefome
kinde of Order, in the Putting forth of their Zeawes: For they haue
loynts, or Knuckles, as it were Stops in their Germinatios,; As haue Gilly-
Flowers, Pinckes, Fennell, Corne, Reeds, and Canes. The Caw/é whereof is,
for that the Sap afcendeth'vnequally, and doth (as it were) tireand ftop

by the way. And it feemeth, they haue fome Clofeneffe, and Hardneffe>
in their S¢alke, which hindreth the Sap from going vp, vntill ithath g2-
thered into a K not, and fo is more vrged to put forth. And therefore,
they are moft.of them hollow, when the Stalke is dry, As Fennell-Stalke,
Stubble, and Canes.

1 Flowers haue (all) exquifite Figares; And the Flower-Numbers are
(chiefly) Fie, and Foure's As in Prime-Rofes, Brier-Rofes, Single Muske-
Rofes, Single Pinkes, and Gilly-Flowers, &c. which haue five Leaues:
Lillies, Flower-de-luces, Borage, Bugloffe, &c. which haue foure Leaucs,

| But {ome put forth Leawes not Numbred; But they are ever finall Ones;

As Mary-Golds, Trifoile, 8c. We {ee alfo, that the Sockets, and Suppor-
ters of Flowers,are Figured ; As in the Fiue Brethren of the Rofé ; Sec-
kets of Gilly-Flowers, 8¢c. Leaues alfo are all Figured, Some Round,Some

Long ; None Square; And many iagged on the Sides; Which Leawes

of Flowers {eldome are, For I account the Jagging of Pinkes, and Gilly-
Flowers, tobe like the Inequality of Oake-leawes, or Vine-leanes, or the
like ; But they feldome or neuer haue any fall Parles,

Of Plants, fome few put forth their Blo/fomes before their Leanes;
As Almonds, Peaches, Cornelians, Black-Thorne, &c. But moft put forth
fome Leawes before their Bliffomes; As Apples, Peares, Plums, Cherries,
White-Thorne, &c, The Caufe is, for that chofe, that put forth their Blo/-

‘| Somes firft, haue either an Acute and Sharpe Spirit ; (And therfore com-

monly theyall put forthearely in the Spring, and ripen very late; As
moft of the Particulars before mentioned ; ) Or elfe an Oyly Iuyce, which
is apter to put our Flowers, than Leanes.

_ OF Plants,fome are Greene all Winter ;Others caft their Leawes There
are Greene all Winters Holly, Isy, Box, Firre, Eugh, Cypre(fe, Iuniper, Bayes,
Rofe- Mary,&c. The Caw/e of the Holding Greene, is the Clofe and Com-
pact Subjance of their Leaves, and the Pedicles of them. And the Caafe
of that againe, is either the Toagh and Vifcous Inyce of the Plant ; Or the
Strength and Heat thercof, Of the firft Sort is Holly ; Which is of fo Vif-
cous a Luyce,asthey make Bird-lime of the Barke of it, The Stalke of Lay
is Tough, and not Fragile, as we fee in other {mall Twigs dry, Fare
yecldeth- Pétch, Box is.a faft and heauy Wed, as we fee it in Bowles.Eugh
isa Strongand Tough Wod, as we {eeit in Bowes.Of the fecond Sort is
sniper, which is a Weed Odorate, and maketh a hot Fire. Bayes is like-
wife a Hot and Aromaticall Woed; And fo is Rofe-Mary fora Shrab, As
forthe Leanes, their Denfity appeareth, in that, either they are ee
an

i
}
q

| _ Ceeattrte VTP, | 149
atid Shining ,as in Bayes, Holl Box, &c, Or in that they are Hard
| d Sp. ry, aa the reft. And Tria Triall would be made of Grafine of Refe.

lary, and Bayes, and $e yon a Holly. Stocke , Becaule they are Plants

at come all Waster, 1 Wee to try it alfo with Grafts. of other

Tees, cither Bini Treen OF Wi -Trees, To fee whether they will not

veeld their. Frait, or boars le Leaues, later, and longer inshe Winter ;

ecaufé the 4p.0f the Ho putteth forth moft inthe Winger, Ie may
allo a Mexerion-Ti ree,gralted ypona Helywill prouc both an Earlier,
da Greater ree,

There be fome Plants, that beare no Flower, and yet beare Fruit: §93
efome, that beare Flowers,and no Fruit; There be fome that
oa neither Flowers, nor Fruit. Moft of the great Zi mber-Trees, (as

Sh .&,) beareng apparent Flowers: Some few (likewife) of
ui re re Mulberry, Wall-mut,&c. Andfome Shrabs, (as Juni-
Sh beare no Flowers, Diuers Herbs alfo beare Seeds, (which
|and yet beare no Flowers ; As Purflane, 8c. ‘Thofe that
; ress No Frajt, ase few 5, ‘As. the Double Cherry, theSallow,
: the t alts 1. »itis doubrfull, whether it be not by Arc, or Cul-
ie; For ifit beby Art, then Trialf would be made, whether apples,
Qt et Fruits Bloffomes, ma may norbe. doubled.. There are fome Few;

“ re SASS Ene dag Flaver;s % As the: Elme, the Poplars, Pe

se Plea chat ‘thaat e He eh be ‘and. can Suppert
oe iegen stn art of Trees and Plants: There be phe a
ther,t alongt i 3 Or Winde about other Trees, or

TOPS, a sete po’ miclues ines, 1uy, Briar, Briony,Wood

ig 5 eel po ek ool bc. ce is, (as hath beene partly
tou (bis aN i Plants, tufally ymoue vpwards ; But. ifehe Sap

sit maketh, a flender Stalke,, Diehl betes fapport the
Rs Bing tysrefers etait Sox are_all Swift and | Com-

eee As OL. DI qin worls olls wee

ie miei itl ont ape Saeieeration, The Sheeps. Dung |Exccriments |

of AS ad nies ¢ Dugg of Kine : And thitd!y,thac ot | © Sue,
be famewhat tog hot, yolefi¢.it be mingled. | Manner of

snes aide ora {mall Quantity.of Ground, excel | omefis,and
es a Dysais Har ieiwtardbe tore to fpread iia
raedlite ybe ore the Stag and Sowing; And foto Plough icin: For 595
ad it long t bef re, the, Sune wil) draw outsnuch of she Far-|
ound. < Graxing Ground, to\fpread it fome-
c ¢ mayhaue the lefle Power
ioe Compe sfor Gardens, (asa Hot Bed, asd we
Ee
ond is the Spreading of divers Kindsofi Barths; 596

Chalke meen aeth vp on Earth,Pond Garth; And he Mix-
n. Marle is come be the belts As hauing moh Fatneffes|
An d

SSS eee

———— °° °°

Igo

$97

598

Natural Fiftory:
| Aind not Heating the Grownd too much, The next is Sea-Sued, Which
(no doubt) obtaineth a fpeciall Vertue, by the salt : For Sale is the firft
Ruditnent of life. Cha/ke ouer-heateth the Ground a little. And therfore
is beft vpon Cold Clay-Grounds,ot Moift Growsds:But I heard a great Huf-
band {ay, that it was a common Etrour, to, thinke that Chalke helpeth
Arable Grounds, but helpeth not Grating Groands;W heras(indeed)it hel-
peth Gra/fe, as well as Corne : But that which breedeth the Ertour is,be-
caufe after the Chalking of the Groand,they weareit out with many Crops,
without Reft; And then (indeed) afterwards it will beare little Greffeo,
becaufle the Gownd is tited out. Tt were good t6 try the laying of Chalke
vpon Arable Grounds, alittle while before Ploughing ; And to Plough it
in, as they doe the Daag; But then it muft be Friable firft, by Raine, or
Lying : As for Earth, it Copaffeth it Selfe;For I knew a Great Garden, that
had a Field (ina manner) powred vpon it; And it did béare Frait excel- |
lently the firft yeare of the Planting: For the Surface of the Earth is caer
the Fruitfulleft, And Earth fo prepared hath a double Swrface, Butitis
true,asd coceiue,that fitch Earth, as hath Sa/t-Petre bred in it,if you can
prociire it without too much charge,doth excell. The way to haften the
| Breeding of Salt-Petre, is to forbid the Suntie, and the Growth of Fegeta-
| bles, And therefore, if you make a large Houiell, thatched, ouer fome
‘Quantity of Ground ; ‘Nay if you doe but Plancke the Ground ouer, it
| will breed Sals-petre.As for Pond=Earth,or Rewer. Earth,it is ave et
Compoft ; Efpecially if the Powd haue beene pit Bana peta a the
Water be not too Hutigry: And] iudge it will be yet better, if there be
fome Mixture of Chalke, Se ot ee Nays ee,
The Third Helpe of Gronad, is, by fome other Sub/lances,that haue a
Vertue to make Groand Fertile;though they be hot meerely Zarth:wher-
in 4fbes excell ; In fo muchas the Countries about £#n6,and Ve/waine,
hauca kinde of Aménds made them), for the Mifchiefethe Eruptions
(many times) doe, by the exceeding Fraitfulmeffe of the Soyle, caufed by
the Afbes, fcattered about. Svot alo, rhough thinnefpred, in a Fiéld,or
Garden, is tried to bea very good Compoft, For Salt, it is too Coftly: But
itis tryed, that mingled with Seed-Corne, and fowen together, itdoth
good: And J am of Opinion, that Chalke in Powder,mingled with Seed-
Corne,would doe good ; Perhaps as much as Chalking the Growndall o-
\uer. As for the Steeping of the Seeds, in feverall Mixtures with Water,to
giuc them Vigour ; Or Watring Grounds with Conpeit-Water 5 We haue
{poken of them before, ’ sige 20. ‘a
The Fourth Helpe of Ground, is, the Suffering of Vegetables to dye tute
the Ground; And fo to Fatten it;As the Stable of Corne,Elpecially Pea/e.
Brakes caft vpon the Grownd, iti the Begitining of Winter, will make it ve-
ry Fruitfull, Ie were good (alfo) to try,whether Leawes of Trees {wept to-
gether, with fome Chalke and Dung mixed, to giue them more Heart,
would not make a good Compei#: For there is nothing loft, fo much as
Leanes of Trees: And as they lye fcattered, and without Mixtute, they
rather make the Gyownd foure, than otherwife, ; i
ic

(Century. M1;

The Fifth Helpe of Ground, is Heat and Warmth, It hath beene anci-
ently practifed co burne Heath, and Léng,and Sedge, with the vantage of
the Hind, vpon the Growad: Weefee, that Warmth of Wallsand Enclo-

fures, mendeth Ground: We fecalfo that Lying open to the Somth, men-
deth Gresnd : We {ee againc, that the Foldings of Sheepe helpe Ground,
as well by their Warmth, as by theit Compo/f: And it may be doubted,
whether the Cowertng of the Grownd with Brakes,in the Beginning of the
Winter, (whereof we {pake in the laft Experément,)helpeth it not, by rea-
fon of the Warmth. Nay fome very good Husbands doc fufpeét thatthe
Gathering vp of Flints, in Flinty Ground, and Laying them on Heapes,
(which is much vicd,) isno good Husbandry ; For that they would keep
the Greaud Warme,

The Sixth Helpe of Ground is, by Watersug, and Irrigation ; which is
in two Mannets: The one by Lettsng in, and a out Waters,at {ea-
fonable Times : For Water, at {ome Seafons, and with reafonable
ftay, doth good ; But at fome other Seafons, and with too long Stay,
doth hurr, And this {eructh onely for Meadowes, which are along fome
Riser, The other wayis, to bring Water, from fome Hanging Grounds,
where there are Springs, into the Lower Grounds, carrying it infome
long Ferrowes ; And from thofe Fwrrowes,drawing it trauerfe to fpread
the Water, And this maketh an excellent Improuement,both for Corze,
and Gra/fé, Ic is the richer, ifthofe Hanging Grounds be fruitfull, becaufe
it watheth offfome of the Fatneffe of the Earth : But howfocuer it pro-
fiteth much, Generally, where there are great Oucrflowes, in Fens, or
the like the drowning of them in the Wimter,maketh the Summer follow-
ing more fruitfull: The Cau/é may be, for that it keepeth the Grow~d
warme, and nourifheth it: But the Fes-Mew hold, that the Sswérs muh
be kept fo,as the Waser may not ftay too long in the Sprinz,til the Weeds
and Sedge be growne vp; For then the Grouwd will be likea Wood,
which keepeth out the Sunne; And fo continueth the Wet; Whereby

it will neuer graze (to purpofe) that yeare, Thus much for Irrigs-
siom. Butfor Ameydances, and Draymings of water,where
there is too much, and the Helps of Grownd in
that kinde, wee fhall {peake of
them in another
Place,

15

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SENTINEL NCL NENG
PSO

NATVRALL

HISTORIE.

Veil: Century.

+)

mL He Differences betweene Animate and Imani
Pf mate Bodies, we {hall handle fully vnder the
‘Title of Life} and Lining Spirits,and Powers.
‘We thall therefore make but a briefe Men-

ferences aetwo. All Bodies haue Spirits,
and Pueamaticall Parts within chem: But the
Maine Differences betweene Animate and
Inanimate , are two : The firft is, that the
\ Spirits of Things Animate, are all Continued
with themfelues, and are Branched in Veines, and fecret Canales, as Bloud
is? And in Léting Creatares, the Spirits haue not only Branches, but cer-
ine Ceflsor Seats, where the Principal Spirits doe relide, and where-
unto the reftdoerefort : But the Spirits in Things Inanimate are thutin,
and cat off by the Tangitlé Parts ; And are not peruious one to another ;
As Aireisin Suow. The Second Maine'Déference is, that the Sprrits of
Animate Bodies, areall in fome degree, (more of lefle,) kindled and in-
flamed ; And havea fine Commixture of Flame, and an Aerial! Swbftance.
But /nenimate Bodies haue their Spirits no whit Inflamed, or Kindled,
Andthis Differesce confifteth not in the Heat or Cooleneffe of Spirits ;
Pot Clones and other Spices, Naphtha and Petrolesm, have exceeding
| Hot Spirits, (hotter a great deale than Oyle, Wax, or Tallow, &c.) but not
Inflamed. And when any of chofe Weake and Temperate Bodies come |
, ) to

tion of themm’in thisPlace. The Maine Dif |

153

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Affinities, and
Differences, be-
tweene Plants
and Imanimate
Bedis.

601

154.

|

602

603

604

605

606

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Affinities, and
Differences, of
Plants, and Li-
wing Creatures:
And the Conf-
ners and Parti-
ciples of them.

607

Naturall Fitftory:

tobe Inflamed, then they gather a much greater Heat, than others have
Va-inflamed ; befides their Light,and Motion, &c.

The Differences, which areSecundary, and proceed from thefe two
Radical Differences, are 5 Firlt, Plants are all Figurate and Diterminate,
which Jvanimate Bodies are not ; For looke how farre the Spirit is able to
Spread and Continue ic felfe ; So farre goeth the Shape, or Figare 5 And
then is determined, Secondly, Plants doe nourifh ; /wanimate Bodierdoe
not: They hauean Accretion, but no Alimentation, Thirdly, Plants haue
a Period of Life ; whith Inanimate Bodies haue ot. Fourthly, they havea
Sucteffion, and Propagation of their Kinde ; which is notin Bodies Jnani-
mate, f

The Differences betweene Plants, and Metals or Fofiles, befides thofe
foure before mentioned, (For AMetalls I hold Inanimate,) are thefe: Firft,
Metalls are more Durable than Plants : Secondly, they ate more Solid and
Hard : Thirdly, they are wholly Sabserrany ; Whereas Plants are part
aboue Earth, and part vnder Earth,

There be very few Creatures, that participate of the ature of Plants,
and Metals both ; Coral is one ot the Neareft of both Kindes: Another is
Vitrioll, for that is apteft to {prout with Morfture,

Another {peciall affinisie is betweene Plawis and Mould or Putrefa-
iow : For all Patrefaction (if it diflolue not in Arefaction) will in the
end iffuc into Plants, or Liwing Creatures bred ot Putrefactien. | account
Mojje,and Mufhromes,and Agaricke, and other of thofe kindes, to be but
Moulds ofthe Ground, Walls, and Trees, and the like. As for Flefh;-and
Fifh, and Plants themfelues, and a Number of other things, after a Mont-
dsneffe, or Rottenne/je, or Corrsupting , they will tall to breed Wormes.
Thefe Putrefactions, which haue Affimstie with Plants, haue this Diffe-
rence tromethem ; That they haue no Swccefton or Propagation, though
they Wowrifh, and haue a Period of Life, and haue likewilé fome Figure.

I lett once, by chance, a Citron cut, in a clofe Roome, for three Sum-
mer-Moneths, that! was abfenr ; And atmy Returne,there were grown
forth, out of the Pith cut, 7#fts of Haires,an Inch long, with little blacke }
Heads, as if they would haue beene fome Herbe. _—

The Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Lining Creatures,
are thefe that follow, They haue both of them Spirits Continued, and
Branched, and alfo inflamed : But firft in Liming Creatures, the Spirits
haue a Cell or Seat, which Plants haue not 3 As was alfo formerly faid :
And fecondly, the Spirits of Living Creatures hold more of Flame, than
the Spirits of Plants doe. And thefetwo are the Radicall Differences, For
the Secoudary Differences, they are as follow. Firft, Plants are all Féxed
tothe Barth; Whereas all Lising Creatures are {euered, and of them-
felues. Secondly, Liwieg Creatures haue Local Motion ; Plants haue not.
Thirdly, Lining Creatures nourith from their /pper Parts, by the Month
chiefly ; Plazts nourith from below, namely from the Rests, Fourthly,
Plants hauc their Seed and Seminall Parts vppermolt ; Lining Greg

aue

ne

(Century, VII.

haue them lower-moft: And therefore it was faid, not elegantly alone,
but Patlofophical'y;Hemoe/? Planta inuerfa; Man is like a Plant turned up-
wards : For the Root in Plants, is as the Head in Lising Creatures. Fifthly,
Lining Creatures hauc amore exa&t Figure than Plants, Sixthly, Léaéng
Crestares auc more Déiwer/ity ot Organs within their Bodies, and (asit
were) /mward Figures, than Plants haue,Seuenthly Ziwine Creatures hauc
Sen/e, which Flames haue not, Eighthly, Liwing Creatares hauc Volustary
Motion, which Plants haue nor,

For the Difference of Sexes in Plants, they are oftentimes by name
diftinguifhed; As Afsle- Piony, Female-i iony 3 Male-Rofe-mary, Female-
Roje-mary ; Hee-Holy, Shee- Holly ; &c. but Generation by Capwlation (cer-
tainly) extendeth not to Pliats. The neare!t Approach of it, is between
the Hee-Palme, and the Shce-Palme ; which, (as they report,) if they
grow neare, inclinethe One to the other: In f> muchas, ( that which
is more ftrange,) they doubt not to report, thatto keepe the Frees vp-
tight from Bending, they tye Repes, or Lines, f-om the one to the other,
thatthe Centac? might beenioyed by the Comtag of a Middle Body. Buc
this may be Faigned, or at leaft Amplfied. Neuertheh fe, Lam apt
enough to thinke, that this fame Bénariam of a Strongcrand a Weaker,
like vuto Ma/cu/ime and Feminine,dothhold in all Lisiag Bodies Icis con.
founded fomerunes ; Asin fome Creatures of Patrefact on, wherein no
(Markes of D:flinZion appeare: Andit is doubled fonetimes s As in
Hermapbrodites: But generally there is a Degree of Strength in moft

cles,

The Partic ples or Confiners betweene Plants and Liuing Crestures,are
fuch chiefly, as arc Fixed, and haue 10. Local Motion of Remoue, chou gh
th: y haue a Motion in their Parts; Suchas are Onfters,, Cockles, and fuch
lke. There isia Fabulous Narration, that in the Northerne Countries,
there (hould bean Herhbe that groweth in the hkeneffe of a Lambe, and
feedeth vpon the Gre, in fuch fort, as it will bare the Graffe round a-
bout, But I fuppofe, that the Figare maketh the Fable; For fowe {ce,
there be Bee.Flowers, &c. And as for theGraffe, it feemeth the Plast,
hauing a great Stalke and Top, doth prey vpon the Graffe,a good way a-
bout, by drawing the Jwyce of the Earth trom it.

The Indian Fig bowethhis Roots downe fo low, in one yeare, as of
| ic felfe it taketh Root againe: And fo multipliethfrom Roet to Rot 3
Making of one Treea kinde of Wood, The Cau/e is the Plenty of the Sap,
and the Seftneffe of the Stalke, which. maketh the Bough, being oucr-
loaden,and nor ttiffely vpheld, weigh downe. It hath Leaues,.as broad
as alittle Target, but the Fruit no bigger than Beanes, The Cam/e is, for
tharthe Continual! Shade increafeth the Leawes, and abateth the Fruits;
which nevertheleff: 'sof.a pleafant Tafte. And that (no. doubt) is cau-
fed, by the Supplene/fe and Gentleneffe of the Iuyce of that Plat, being
that which maketh the Boughes alto fo Flexible. m6
oo» Atisreported by onc oi the Aneents, that there isa cettaine Indian
" X Tree,

608

609

Experiments
Pomiif- cous
touching
Plaats:

610

61f

156

613,

eee Dy
| Neaturall Hiftory:

Tree, haning few, but very great, Leaues, three Cubits long, andtwo
broads And that the Frust, being of good Tafte, groweth out of the
Barke, It may be, there be Plaats, that poure out the Sap fofaft, as they
haue no leifure,either to dinide into many Leanes, or to put forth Stalks
to the Frat, VWVith vs Trees (gencrally) haue finall Zeawes, in compati-
fon, “The Fig’ hath the greateft ; And next it the Viae, Mulberry,and Sy-
camore; And the Leaft are thofe of the Willow, Birch, and Thorne, But

| there be found Herbs with farre greater Zeawes than any Tree; As the

| Burré, Gourd, Cucumber, and Cole-wort. The Canfe is, (like to that of the
Indian Fig,) the hafty and plentiful! Patting forth of the Sap.
There be three Things in vie for Sweetneffe ; Sugar, Honey, Manma.
For Sagar, to the Ancients it was {carce knowne, and little vfed. Iris
found in Canes: Quare, whether to the firft Kouckle, or further vp ? And
whether the very Barke of the Cane it {elfe do yeeld Sgar,or no? For Ho-
acy, the Bee maketh it, or gathereth it; But I have heard fromvone, that
was induftrious in Husbandry, that the labour of the Bee is about the

Wax ; And thathe hath knowne in the beginning of May, Honey-Combs
empty of Honey ; And withina forthnight, when the Sweet Dewes fall,
filled hke a Cellar, Itisreported alfo by fome of the Ancients, that there
isa Tree called Occhws, in the Valleyes of Ayrcamsa, that diftilleth Honey
in the Mornings. [tis not vnlike, thatthe Sapand Teares of fome Trees,

| may befweer, It may be alfo, that fome fweet Iuyces, fit for many vies,

may be concoéted out of Fraits, to the Thicknefle of Honey, or perhaps
of Sugar; The likelieft are Raifins of the Sunne, Figs, and Corrans: The
Meanes may be enquired. ee
“Fhe-Ancients report of a Tree, by the Perfias Sea, vpon the Shore-
Sands, which is nonrifhed with the Salt-Water ; And when the Tide eb-
beth, you fhall fee the Roots, as it were, bare without Barke, (being as it

{ feemeth corroded by the Salt,)& grafping the Sands likea Crab;Which

) Inga Kinde of Pha) that hath a’ Rest hairy, like a Rough-Footed-Dones

neuertheleffe beareth a Frwit. It were good to try fome Hard Trees, asa

Seruice-Tree, or Firre-Tree, by fetting them within the Sands, |
There be of Plants, which they vfe for Garments, thefe that follow.

Hempe; Flax ; Cotton, Nettles, (whereof they make Nettle-Cloth ; ) Seri-

cum, which isa Growing Silke; They make alfo Cables of the Barke of

Lime-Trees. Itis the Stalke that maketh the Félaceows Matter, common.
ly; And fometimes the Downe that groweth aboue, | *** tis
They haue, in {ome Countries, a Plant of a Rofy Colour, which fhut-

volt] eth 38 the Night, Openeth in the Morning,and Openeth wide at Neones

which the Zebabitamts of thofe Contries {ay is a’Plant that Steepeth, There
be Sleever#enow then; For almoft all Flowers doe thelike,
Some Plants there are, but rare, thathaiié a Mo/fy oF Downy Root ;
“AAU likewife that hauea Number of Threds,like Beards; ‘As Mandrakes:
wherofpr#tches and Impo/foxrsmake an ygly /mage, gining it the Forme
of a PaReatche Top of the Root, and Jeaue thofe Stringsto make a broad
Béard downe to the Foot. Alfo there is a Kinde of Ward, in Creet, (be-

foot,

soo

Cig DE

foor. So as you may fee, there are of Roots, Bulbous Roots, Fibrous Roots,
and Hir/te Roots, And, I take it,in the Bulbous, the Sap hafteneth mot
to the Aire, and Sunne: In the Fséroms, the Sap delighteth more in the
Earth,and therefore putteth downward: And the Air/ute is a Middle |
betweene both; That befides the Putting forth vpwards, and down-
wards, patteth forth in Round,

Thereare fome Teares of Trees, which are kembed from the Beards of
Goats : For when the Geats bice and crop them, efpecially in the Mor-
nings, the Dew being on, the Teare commeth forth, and hangeth vpon
their Beards : Of this Sort is fomekinde of Ladanum,

The /rrigation of the Pla:ue-Tree by Wine,is reported by the Ancients,
to make it Fruitful, Ie would be tricd likewife with Reets; For voon
Seeds it worketh no great Effects,

The way tocarty Forraine Roots along Way, isto veffell them
clofe in Earthen Feels. But ifthe Vefells be not very Great, you mutt
make fome Holes inthe Bortome, to giue fome Refrefhment to the
Rosts ; Which otherwife (as it feemeth,) will decay,and fuftocate,

The ancient Césnamon, was, of all other Plants, while it grew, the

eft; And thofe Things, which areknowne to comfort other Plaats,
did make that more Sterill: For in Showers it profpered worft: It grew
alfoamongft Bafhes.of other kindes, where commonly Plasts doe not
thriue: Neither diditlouerhe Sunne: There might be one Cas/eé of all
thofe Effects; Namely, the {paring Nourifhment,which that Plast re-
quired, .Quare how farre Ca/fta, whichisnow the Subftitute of Cinma-
mon, doth participate of thefe Things,

_ It isreported by one of the Ancients, that Cafia, when it is gathe-
red,is put into the Skins of Beafts,newly fleyed; And thatthe Skéns Cor-
mupting, anb Breeding Wormes, the Wormes doe deuoure the Pith and
Marrow of it, and fo make it Hollow ; But meddlenot with the Barke,
becaufe to them it is bitter,

Therewere, in Ancient Time, Himes, of farre greater Bodies, than

we know any 5 For there haue beeneCaps made of them,and an Jmage |

of Jupiter, But it is like they were Wélde-Vimes ; For the Vines, that they
| vie for Wine, arc fo often Cut, and fo much Digged and Dreffed, that
i their Sap {pendeth into the Grapes, and [0 the Stalke cannot increafc
much in Balke, The Wood of Vines is very durable, without Rotting. And
that which is ftrange, though no Tree hath the Twigges, while they are
- greene, fo brittle, yet the Wood dryed is extreme Tough; And was vfed
by the Captaines of Armies,amongtt the Romans, for their Cadgells.

It isreported, that in fome Places, Fiwes are fuffered to grow like
Herbs, {preading vpon the Grewud ; And that the Grapes of thole Vines
are veiy great. It were good to make tryall, whether Plants chatvfe to
beborne vp by Props, will not put forth greater Zeawes, and greater
Fruits, if they be laid along the Ground ; As Hops, Iuy, Wood-bine, 8c.

LQuinces, or Apples, &c. if you will keepe them long, drowne then
in Honey ; But becaufe Honey (perhaps) will gine them a Tafte Ouer-

xX 2 lufhious,

ee eee

157

617

618

620

623

624

prow

|

i55

625

626

627

631

| —— Neaturall Hiftory:

er SS
luthious; it were good to make Trial in Powder of Sugar; Or in Syrrup
of Wine onely Boyled to Height. Both thefe would likewife be tried in
Orenges, Limons, and Pomgranats; For the Powder of Sugar, and Syrrup
of Wine, will ferne for more times than once,

The Conferuation of Fruit would be alfo tried in Ye/fells, filled with
fine Sand, or with Powder of Chalke ; Or in Mealeand Flower ; Or in Daft
of Oake-wood; Or in Mill,

Such Fraits,as you appoint for Log Keeping, you muft gather be-
fore they be full Ripe ; And ina Faire and Dry Day, towards Noone; And
when the Hind bloweth not South ; And when the Afoone is vnder the
Earth; And in Decreafe. ;

_ Take Grapes, and hang them inan Empty Veffell,well Stopped; And
fet the Yefell, not ina Cellar, butinfome dry Place; And itis faid, they
willlaft long. But it is reported by fome, they will keepe better, in a
Veffell halfe full of Wine, fo that the Grapes touch not the Wize,

It is reported, that the Pre/erwing of the Stalke,helpeth to preferue
the Grape ; Efpecially if the Stalke be put into the Pith of Elder,the Elder
not touching the Frait, ;
| ' «Iris reported by fome of the Ancients, that Frait put in Bottles, and
| the Bottles lec downe igro Wells vnder Water, will keepe long.

Of Herbs and Plants, fome are good to cat Raw; As Lettuce,Endine,
-Purflane, Tarragon, Creffes, Cacumbers, Muske-Melons, Radifh, &¢. Others
onely atcerthey are Boyled, or haue’ Paffed the Fire; As Parfley, Clary,
| Sage, Par/mips,Turnips, Afparagus, Artichoakes, (though they alfo being
| young are eaten Raw: ) Buta Number of Herbs are not Efcalent at all;
\ ‘As Werme-wood, Graffe, Greene-Corne, Centory, Hy/Jope, Lanender, Balme,
&c, The Caafesare, for that the Herbs, that are not E/calent, do want the
\two Ta/fes, in which Noarifbment refteth ; Which are, Fat,and Sweet ;
| And haue (contrariwife) Bitter and Oner-ffrong Taftes, or a Inyce fo
Crude, as cannot be ripened to the degree of Nowrifhment. Herbes and
| Plants, that are E/culent Raw, haue Fatneffe, or Sweetne/fe, (as all Efcu-

lent Fruits, ) Such are Onions, Lettuce, &c. But then itmuftbe fuch a

Fatue(fe, (for as for Sweet Things, they are in effect alwayes E/eulent,) as
is not Ouer-groffe, and Loading of the Stomach;For Par/nips and Leeks
haue Fatne/fe; But itis too Groffe and Heauy without Beyling. It mutt
bealfo ina Subftance fomewhat Tender; For we fee pvheat, Barley, Ar-
ticboakes, areno good Nonrifhment, till they haue Pafled the Fire ; But
| the Fire doth ripen, and maketh them foftand tender, and fo they be-
i come B/culent. As for Radifh, and Tarragon, and the like, they are for
Condiments, and not for Nowrifhment. And euen fome of thofe Herbes,
which are not G/culent, are notwithftanding Porwlent ; As Hop's, Broome,
&c. Ouere\what Herbs'are good for Drinke, befides the two aforena-
med; Forthatit may (perhaps) eafe the Charge of Brewing, if they |
| make Beere to requirelefle.Azals, or make it laft longer, is
Parts it for the Nourifbment of Man, in Plants, are, Seeds, Roots,and
Fruits; But chiefly Seeds, and Roots, For Leaues, they giue no Wosri/b-
ment,

oo

(Century. VII.

gecet, acall,or very little: No more doe Flomers,or Bloffamesjor Stalkes.
The Reafon is, for that Roots, and Seeds, and Praits, (inas muchas all
Plants confilt of an Oyly and Watry Sub/tance commixed,) haue more of
the Oyly Sabjtance; And Leaues, Flowers, &c. of the Watry, And fecond-
ly, they are more Concocfed ; For the Root, which continueth euer in the
Earth, is till Concocted by the Earth ; And Fruits, and Graines, (we fee)
are halfeayeare, ormore, in Concocting; VWhereas Leanes are out,and
Perfeét in a Moncth,

Plants (for the moft part) are more ftrong, both in Ta/fe, and Smell,
in the Seed; chan in the Leafe and Roet; TheCan/feis, for tharin Plants,
that are not of a Fierce and Eager Spirit, the Vertue is increafed by
Conceitiow, and Maturation, which is cuer moft in the Seed; But in Plaats,
that are of a Fierce and Eager Spirit, they are ftronger whileft ihe 5pi-
rit is enclofed in the Root; And the Spirits doe but weaken,and diffipate,
when they come tothe Aire,and Swame; As we fee it in Onions Garlicke,
Dragon, &c. Nay there be Plants, that haue their Roots very Hot, and
Aromaticall; And their Seeds rather Infipides As Ginger, The Canfe is (as
was touched before,) for thar the Heat of thofe Plants is very Diffipable;
which wnder the Garth is contained and held in ; Buc when it commeth
tothe Afre, it exhalerh. CORN

The Juyces of Frutts are either Watry, of Oyly. I reckon amongft
the Watry, all the Frasts our of which Drinkeis exprefled ; As the €rape,

‘|the Apple, the Peare, the Cherry, the Pomeranate,dxc. And there are fome

ethers, which, though they be not in ve for Drinke,yet they appeare to
beofthefame Natere, As Plummes Seruices, Malberries, Rajps, Orenves,
Limens, &c, And for thofe Zayees, that are fo fiefhy, as they cannot
tmake:Drinke by Expreflion, yet ( perhaps) they may make Drinke by
Mixture of Water ; '
_ Poculag adm itis imitantur vitea Sorbis,

And it may be Hepsand Brier-Berries would doe the like. Thofe that
haue Oyly Inyce, are; Olines, Almonds, Nuts of all forts, Pine-Apples, &c.
And their /syces areall inflammable. And you muftobferuealfo, that
fome of the Watry Juyces, atter they haue gathered Spirit, will Burne and
Enflame; As Wie, There isa Third Kinde of Frait, that is fweet, with-
our either Sharpne/fe, ot Oyline/fe: Such as is the Fig, andthe Date,

_ Ithath beene noted, that moft Trees,and {pecially thofe that beare
Maft,are fruitfull but once in two yeares. The Cawfe (no doubt) is; the
Expence of Sp; For many Orchard-Trees, well Cultured, wul beare di-
ucts yeares together, '

Thereis no Tyee, which befides the Natwrall Frait,doth beare fo ma-
ny Ba/tard-Fruits,as che Oaké doth: For befides the Acerse, it beareth
Galls, Oake- Apples, and certaine Oake-Nwts,which are Inflammable; And
certaine Oske-Berries, flicking clofe to the Body of the Tree, without
Stalke. Icbcareth alfo Miffeltor, though rarely. The Caw/e-of allchefe

| may be, the Clofene/fe and Selidene(fe of the Wood, and Pithofthe Ouke ;
} Which maketh feucrall /wyces finde feucrall Eruptions, And therefo re,

59 |

632

633

63 5

NCaturall Fiiftory +
if vou will denife to make any Saper- Plants, you muft ever giue the Sap
| Plentilull Rifing, and Hard flue,

There are two Exere/cences, which grow vpon Trees; Both of them
in the Nature of Mafbromes: The one the Romans calied Boletus; Which
gtowceth vpon the Roots of Oakes ; And was one of the Dainties of their
Table; The other is Medzcinall, that is called Agaricke, (whercof we haue
{poken before,) which groweth vpon the Tops of Oakes; Thoughit be
affirmed by fome, that it groweth alfo at the Roots, | doe conceiue, that
many Exerefcences of Trees grow chiefly, where the Tree is dead, or fa-
ded; For that the Natarall Sap of the Tree, corrupteth into fome Pre-
ternaturall Subjiance.

The greater Part of Trees beare Moft,and Be/t,on the Lower Boughs;
As Oakes, Figs, Wall-Nuts, Peares, &c. But fome beare Bef on the Zop-
Boughes ; As Crabs, &c. Thofe that beare beft below are fuch,as Shade
doth more good to,than Hurt.For generally all Frusts beare beft loweft;
Becaufe the Sp tireth not, hauing but a fhort Way: And therefore in
Fruits {pred vpon Walls, the Loweft are the Greateft, as was formerly
{aid 5 So it is the Shade that hindereth the Lower Boughes; Except it be
in fuch Trees, as delight in Shade; Or at leaft beareit well, And therfore,
they are either Strong Trees,as the Oakes Orelfe they haue large Leanes,
as the Wallsut and Fig; Or elfethey grow in Pyramy,as the Peare. But
if they require very much Swane, they beare beft on the Top 5 As itis in
Crabs, Apples, Plummes, Sic.

There be Trees, that beare beft, when they begin to be Old; As Al-
monds, Peares,Vines,aod all Trees that giue Mat, The Can/e is,for that all
Trees that beare Maft, haucan Oyly Fruit; And Yeung Trees haueamore
Watry Inyce, and leffe Concoéted ; And of the fame kinde aNfois the AL-
mond, The Peare likewife, though it be not Oyly, yet it requireth much
Sap, and well Concocted ;'Forwe feeitisa Heauy Fraét, and Solide;
Much more than Apples, Plumsmes, &c. As for the Fine, it is noted, that
it bearcth more Grapes when it is Youwg; But Grapes that make better
Wine, when it is Old; For that the Jayce is better Concogted: And wee
{ce that Wine is Inflammable ; Soas it hatha kinde of Oylineffe. But the
moft Part of Trees, amongft wich are Apples, Plummes, &c, beare beft
when they are Young.

There be Plants, that have a Milke in them,when they are Cut; As

Figs, Old Lettuce, Sowe-Thiftles, Spurge, &ce The Caufe may bean Jmcepti-

on of Putrefaction; For thofe Milkes haucallan Acrimony ; though one

would thinke they fhould be Lemitine, For if you write vpon Paper,with

the Milke of the Fig, the Letters will not be feene, vntill you hold the

| Paper before the Fire,and then they wax Browne; Which fheweth that
itis a Sharpe or Fretting /wyce : Lettace is thought Poyfonous, when it
is {o Old,as to haue Milke; Spurge isakinde of Poyfon in it Sclfe; And
as for Sowe-Thistles, though Coneyes eat them, yet Sheepe and Cattell
willnot touch them; And befides the Aske of them, rubbed vpon
Watts, in (hort time, weareth them away: Whichfheweth the pa

0

a ee ae

ee a

Century. VAT,
lofeliem to be Corrofive, We fee alfo, that Weat,and other Corae fowen,
ifyou take them forth of the Groand, before they {prout, are full of
Mike; And the Beginning of Germsinationis cuer'a Kinde of Patrefacti-
\pa of the Seed. Expborbiwm alfo hath a Milke, though not very white,
hich is of agreat Acrimony, And Saladsne hath a yellow afilke, which
jhath likewifemuch Acrimony ; For itcleanfeth the Eyes, Iris good alfo
|for Cataracts. ons
~ Mufbromes ace reported to grow, aswell vpon the Bodies of Trees,
svponehieit Rasts, orvpon the Earth: And efpecially vpon the Oakev,
Caufe is, forrthat Strong Trees, are towards fuch Excre/cences, in
the Nature of Earth ; And therfore put forth Moffe, Mufhromes, and
ithe like, © s+
onThereis hardly founda Plant, that yecldeth a Red Juyce,in the Blade,
or Bare; Except it be the Zree that beareth Sangnss Draconis: Which
groweth{chiefly)in the 2/lamd Soquotra: The Herb Amaranthus,(indecd,)
fs Redallouers And Brafil is Redin the Wood: And {fo is Red Sanders.
That Tree of the Sancwis Draconis,zroweth in the forme ofa Sugar-loafe,
Iris like, chat the Sap of that Plant, concocteth in the Body of the Tree,
‘Porweefee that Grapes, "and Pomegranats, arc Red in the Jayce, but are
levoeme inthe Teare : Anid'this maketh the Tree of Sanguis Draconis, leffer
wards the Top; Bocaufethe /ayce hafteneth not vp; And befides it is
very lafringent; And thereforeaf Slow Motion. (3F
om ile is tepotted) that Sweet Mo/fe, befides that vpon the Apple-Trees,
Browethlikewife (fomctiates) vpon Poplars; And yer (generally) the
Poplar is a Smooth Tree'‘of Barke, and hath little Mofé, The Mofe of the
Larix Tree burneth alfo Sweet, and fparkleth in the Burning, Qazre of
‘the Mofes of Odorate Trees’, As Cedar, Cypres, Linum Aloes, &c.
© The Death that is moft without Paine, hath been noted to be,vpon
the Taking'of the Potios of Hemlocke ; which in Humanity was the Forme
en ana Capitall Offenders in Athens. The Poyfon of the Ape,that
opatra Wed 2hath fome affinity with it. The Caa/e is, for thatthe Tor-
ents of Death are chiefly raifed by the Strife of the Spirits; And thefe
urs quench the Spirits by Degrees’; Like to the Death of an extreme
ld Man. Tconceiue it isleffe Painfullthan opiwm, becanfe Opium hath
‘Parts of Heat mixed, ~~ a : pw balgtris
Seite be'Pruits, that are Sweet before they be Ripe; As. Mirabolanes,
pnellsSeeds ate Sweerbefore they ripen,and after grow Spicy.And
‘fome netet Ripen to be Sweet 5 As Tamarinds, Berberries,Crabs, Sloes,8c,
(| The Canfe'is, for that the former Kinde haue much and fubull ear,
| whictreaufeth Barely Sweetneffe; The latter hae a Coldand Acided
ce, which tio Heat of the Senne can fweeten. But as for the Mirabo-
fit hath Parts of Contrary Natures; Forivis Sweet, and yet Affrin-

ie

It;

iO a Of3 10 anivc.} ‘ 10, ;
oW Phere bee few Herbés that haue a Salt Tafe; And contrariwife all
Blond of Liwing Creatureshath a Saltmeffe: The Caufe may be, for thar
PSall, thought be the Rudémens of Life, yet in Plases the Originall Ta/fe

remaineth

~—

16t

640

| 641

642

643

644

645

eras

1 WO2z

646

647

648

649

| daycs, and afterwards the Water draincd from it, and the Barley turned

| to be, not onely by the loofe, and open Laying of the Parts, but.by

Naturall Fiftory

remaineth not} For you fhall haue them Bitter, Sowre, Sweet, Biting,but
{eldome Salt : But in Liwing Creatures, all thofe High Taffes may happen
tobe(fometimes) in the Hamers, butare{eldome in the Fly, or Sub-
france ; Becaule it is of amore Oyly Natare; which is notvery Sufcepti-
ble of thofe Ta/fes ; And the Sultne/fe it felfe of Bloud, is bua light,and
fecret Saltne/fe: Andeuen among Plants, fome doe participate of Sale-
neffe,as Alga Marina, Sampire, Scoruy-Graffe, &c. And they report,there
is, in {ome of the Jndian-Ses,a Swimming Plant, which they call Salga-
zws, {preading ouer the Sea, in fuch fort, as one would thinke it were a
Meadow, It is certaine, that out of the Afbes of all Plants, they extra@ia
Salt, which they vie in Medicines,

Iris reported by one of the Ancients,that there is an Herb growing in
the Water, called Lincostés, which is full of Prickles: This Herbe putteth
forth another {mall Herbe out of the Leafe ; which is imputed to fome
Meiftare, that is gathered betweene the Prickles, which Putrified by the
Sanne, Germinateth, But | remember alfo I hauc feene, fora great Ra~
rity, one Rofé grow out of another, like Homey-Saek/es,that they call Top
and Top-gallaxts,

Barley, (as appeareth in the Malsing,) being ftecped in Water three

=

vpona dry floare, will fprout, halfe an Inch long at leaft: And if it be
let alone, and not turned, much more; yntill the Heart be out. Waeat
will doe the fame, Try it alfo with Peafe, and Beames, This Experiment
is not like that of the Opin, and Semper-Viwe ; For there itis of the old
Store, for no Water isadded ; Buthere it is nourifhed from the Water.
The Expersment would be further driuen : For it appeareth already,
by that which hath, beene faid, that Earth is not neceflary to the firtt
Sprouting of Plants; And we {ce that Re/e-Buds fet in Water, will Blow :
Therefore try whether the Sprouts of fuch Graines may not beraifed toa
further Degree 5 As to ati Herbe, or Flower, with Water oncly ; Ox fome
{mall Commixture, of Earth : For if they will, itfhou'dfeeme by the
Experiments before, both of the Malt, and of the Refes, that they will
come far fafter on in Water,than in Earth: For the Newrt/hment is cafilier
drawne out of Water, than out of Earth, It may giue fome bghtalfo,that
Drinke intufed with Fle/b,as that with the Capon, &c. will nourith fefter
and cafilier, than Meat and Driske together, Try the fame Experiment
with Roots,as well as with Gradzes:.as for Example, take.a Twrasp, and
fteepe it awhile, andighen dry it, and fee whether it will{prout,

Malt in the Drenebing will fwell;And that in fuch a manner,as after
the Putting forth in Sprouts, and the drying vpon the Keele, there will
be gained at leaft a Buthell in eight, and yet the Sprouts are rubbed off;
And there will bea Buthell of Daft befides the Malt : VWWhich I fuppofe
Ti Addition of Swbfance, drawne ‘from the Water,in which it was

eeped, 9 = Pe L walt
Malt gathcreth a Sqweetne/fe to the Ta/fe,which appeareth yet more
in

(Century. V IY. .
\iatheP¥ore, The Dulcoration of Things is worthy tobe tried to the full ;
i that Dalcoratiovimporteth a degree to Nowrifbment : Andthe Ma-
king of Things Inalimentall, to become Alimentally may bean Experiment
of great Profit, for Making new /iuall,

Mott Seeasin the Growing, leaue their Haske or Rindeabout the Reet;
But the Onion will carry it vp, thatit will be like a Cap vpon the Top of
the Yousg Onion. The Caufe may be, for thatthe Ske or Huse is not
eafieto breake ; As we {ee by the Pilling of Omons, what a Holding Sub-
feance the Skis is,

Plants, that haue Cerled Leaues, doe all abound with Mes/fare; Which
commeth fo faft on, as they cannot {pread themfelues Plaine, but muft
needs gathertogether. The Weakeft Kinde of Carling is Roxghneffe; As
in Clary, and Burre, The Second is Curling onthe Sides ; Asin Lettuce,
and Yeung Cabbage : And the Third is Foldsag into an Head 5 Asin Cab-
bage full erowne, and Cabbage-Lettuce; /

Ivis reported, that Firre, and Pine, efpecially if they be old and Pr-
trified, though they thine not, as fome Rotten Woods doe, yet in the fud-
den Breaking they will {parkle like Hard Sugar,

The Rosts of Trees doz, (fome of them,) put downwards deepe into
the Ground ; Asthe Oake, Pine, Firre, &c. Some f{pread more towards
the Surface of the Earth; Asthe 4/b, Cypre(/¢-Tree, Oline, &c) The Canfe

| of this lattermay be, for that fuch Trees as loue the Susne, doenot wil-
lingly defcend farre into the Earth; And therefore they are (commonly) }
Trees, that {hoot vp much ; For in their Body, their delire of Approach
tothe Swane, maketh them fpread the lefle. And the fame Reafon,:wn-
der Ground, to auoid Recefle from the Saxne, maketh them {pread the
more. And wee fee it commeth to paffe in fome Trees, which haue
beene planted too deepe in the Ground, that for loue of Approach tothe
Sunne, they forfaketheir firft Root, and put out another more towards
the Top of the Earth. And wee (ee alfo, thatthe Oliweis full of Oplie Juyces
And A/s maketh the beft Fire ; And Cypreffe is an Hot Tree. As for the
Ozke, which is of the former fort, it loueth the Earth , Andtherefore
groweth flowly. And for the Pie, and Firre likewife, they hane fo
much Heat in themfelues.as they need lefle the Heat of the Sanue. There
| be Herbs alfo, that hau the fame difference; As the Herbe they call Mor-
Sie Diaboli;; Which putceth the Rot downe fo low, as you cannot pull it
vp without Breaking ; Which gaue Occalion to the Wame, and Fable; For
that it was faid, it was fo wholefomea Root, thatthe Denil, whemit.was |
gathered, bitic for muy : And fome of the Ancieats doe repott, that
there was a Goodly ##rré, (which they defired to remoue whole,) that
_ . Root vnder Groundeight Cubits deepe ; And fo the Reet camé.vp'}
PA) OIA oA 4 . 2 sribesmish
» Tehath beenc obferued, that a Brauch of a Tree, being /nbarked fore |
fpace at the Bottome, and fo fet into the Ground, hath growems Buen of |
fuch Trees, as if the Brauch were fer with the Barke on, they would 908 }
grow ; yet contrariwift we fee, thara Tree Pared round in theBasy,aboue
frons Y¥ Ground,

650

651

652

653

164. | Naturall Hiftory:
| Ground, will die, The Cau/e may be, for thatthe Ynbarkt Pare draweth
the Nourifhment beft, but the Barke continueth it only.
655 Grapes will continue Frefb, and Moz/?, all Wiater long, if you hang
| them, Clu/fer by Clu/ter, inthe Roofe of a Warme Roome 5 E{pecially, if
when you gather the C/affer, you take off with the Clu/fer fome of the
Stacker. ,
656 Thekeed or Cane is aWatry Plant, and groweth not but inthe Water ;
It hath thefe Properties ; That ic is Hoow ; That it is Kuuckled both
Stalke, and Root ; That being Drie, it is more Hard and Fragile, than
other Wood ; Thavic putteth torch no Boughs, though many Stalkes come
outofone Root, It differeth muchin Greatneffe ; The fmalleft being fit
for Thatching of Houfes ; And Stopping the Chinkes of Ships ; Better
than Glew, or Pitch, The Second Bigneffe, is vfed for Angle-Rods,
and Staues 5; AndiaC/ina for beating of Offenders vpon the Thighs.
The differing Kindes of them are; The Common Reed; The Caffe Fiftula;
And the Swgar-Reed, OF all Plants, it boweth the eafieft, and rifeth
againe. Ic feemeth, that amongft Plats, which are nourilhed with
Mixture of Earthand Water, it draweth moft Nourifhment from Water ;
which maketh it the Swoothe/? of ali others in Barke 5; And the Holloweft
in Body. --
657 The \Sap of Trees, when they are let Blond, is of differing Natures,
Some more Watry and Cleare ; Asthat of Pines ; of Beeches ; of Peares.
Some Thicke ; As Apples. Some Gummie , As Cherries, Some Froathie,
As Elmes.. Some Milkie 3 As Figs. In Mualberries, the Sap feemeth to be
(almoft) towards the Barke only ; For if you cut the Tree, a little into the
Barke, with a Stone, it will come forth ; Ifyou pierce it deeper with a
Toole, iv will bedrie. The Trees, which haue the Moiffe/? Iuyces in their
Fruit, hauecommonly the Afoi/te/# Sap in their Body ; For the Vines and
'Pearesarevery Moi; Apples {omewhat more Spongie : The Milke ofthe
Fiege hath the Qualitie of the Reset, to gather Chee/e: And fo haue cer-
taine Soure Herbs wherewith they make Cheefe in Lent. |.

The Timber and Woed are, in {ome Trees, more Cleawe, in fome more
Knottie : And itis a good Triall, to trie it by Speaking at one End, and
Laying the Eare at the Other : For if it be Xwottie, the Voice will not
paffe well. Some haue the Yeswes more varied, and chamlotted ; As
Oake, whereof Wain/cot is made ; Maple, whereof Trenchers are made:
Some mote f{mooth, as Firre,and Walnat : Some doe more eafily breed
Wormesand Spiders ; Some more hardly, as itis {aid of Zrifh Trees : Be-
fides, there be a Number of Differences that concerne their Vfe ; As
Oake, Cedar, and Chefunt, are the beft Builders : Some are beft for Plongh-
Timbers As Afb : Some for Peeres, that are fometimes wet, and fome-
times drie ; As E/me : Some for Planchers ; As Deale : Some for Tables,
_Cupboardsjand Desks; As Walnuts : Some for Ship-Timber; As Oakes that
grow in Jit Grounds ; Forthat maketh the Timber Tough, and not apt
torift with Ordeance ; Wherein Enghi/b and irifh Timber are thoughtto
excell : Some for a/ts of Ships ; As Firre, and Pine, becaule of =e

Length,

658

i

| (century. VII,

‘Length, Seraightneile, and Lightneffe : Some for Pale ; As Oske : Some
rfwel; As a/b: Andfoofthe ref,

F The Comasing of Trees and Plants in certaine Regions, and not in o-
ers, is fometimes Ca/wall: For many have beene tranflated, and haue

profperéd well; As Damaske-Rofes, that haue not beene knowne in Eng-

land aboue an hundred yeares, and now are fo common. But the liking

ot Plantsin certaine Soedles, more than in others, is meerly Wataralls As

the Firre and Pixe loue the Mowntaines; The Poplar, Willow, Salow, and

Alder, loue Risers, and Aforit Places: The Afb loueth Coppices; But is
beft in Standards alone: Juniper loueth Chalke; And fo doe moft Frait-
Trees: Sampire groweth but upon Rocks: Reeds and Ofiers grow where

are wathed with Water: The Vive loueth Sides of Hills, turning

vpon the South-Ea/? San, &c,

The Patting forth of certaine Herbs difcouereth of what Nature the
Ground where they put forth, is: As wilde Thyme theweth good Feeding
Ground for Cattell : Betony and Strawberries {hew Grounds fic for Wood:
Camomill (heweth Mellow Grounds fit for Wheat . Mustard Seede, grow-
ing after the Plough, fheweth a good Strong Ground allo for Wheat: Bur-
net {heweth good Meadow : Andthe like.

There are found, in diuers Cowntries, fome other Plants, that grow
out of Trecsand Plants, befides Miffeltae: Asin Syria, there is an Herbe
Called Ca//ytas that groweth out of tall Trees, and windeth it felfe about
the fame Tree where it groweth ; And fometimes about Thornes. There
is a kinde of Polypode, that groweth out of Trees, though it windeth nor.
So likewife an Herbe called Fawnos, vpon the Wilde Oline. And an Herbe
called Hippophafion vpon the Fellers Thorwe ; VWhich, they fay, is good
for the Falléng-Sickne/fe.

It hath beene obferued, by fome of the Ancients , that howfoeuer
Cold and a Winds, are thought to be great Enemies to Fruit 5 yet
neuerthelefle Sowsh-Winds are alfo found to doe Hurt ; Efpecially in the
Bloffoming time ; And the more, if Showers follow. It feemeth, they call
forth the Moz/faretoo faft. The Wei Winds are the beft. It hath beene
obferned alfo that Greene and Open Winters doe hurt Trees; Infomuch as
if two or three fuch Winters come together, Almond-Trees, and fome
other Trees,will dye. The Cas/e is the fame with the former, becaufe
the Lui# of the Earth ouerfpendeth it felfe; Howfoeuer fome other of
the Ancients haue commended Warme Winters.

_ Snowes, lying long, caufe a Frait/wll Yeare: For firlt, they keepe in
the Strength of the Earth; Secondly, they water the Zarth, better than
Raine; For in Saow,the Earth doth (asit were) fucke the Water, as out
of the Zeate. Thirdly,the Moisture of Snow isthe fineft Moiffure ; For
itis the Froth of the Cloudy Waters,

Showers, if they come a little before the Ripening of Fruits, doe good
to all Succulent and Moist Fruits; As Vines, Oliwes, Pomegranates; Yet
it is rather for Plenty, than for Goodnefle; For the beft Wines are in
the Drieft Vintages: Stall Showers are likewife good for Corne, fo as

Y2 Parching

660

661

662

663

664

<r en

'

166

666

667

668

ne Naturall Hiflorss

a
Parching Heats come not vpon them. Generally, Night-Showers are bet=|
terthan Day-Showers; For that the Swane followeth not fo faft vpon
them: And we fee, euen in Watring by the Hard, itis beft, in Swmmser
time, to water in the Ewening.

The Differences of Earths, and the Trill of them, are worthy to be
diligently inquired. The Earth, that with Showers doth ealilieft Soften, '
is commended; And yet fome Earth of that kinde will be very Dry,
and Hard before the Showers, The Earth that cafteth vp from the
Plough, a Great Clod,is not fo good, as that, which cafteth vp a Smaller
Clod, The Earth, that putteth forth Adofe eafily, and may bee called
Mouldy,is not good. The Earth, that {melleth well vpon the Digging,
or Ploughing, is commended; As containing the Zwyce of Vegetables
almoft already prepared. It is thought by fome, that the Ends of low
Raine- Bowes, fall more vpon one kinde of Earth than vpon another: As
it may wellbe; For that that Zarsh is moft Rofcide: And therfore itis
commended fora Signe of good Earth, The Poorenefe of the Herbs, (it
is plaine,) fhew the Poorene (fe of the Earth; And efpecially ifthey bein
Colour more daike: But it the Herbs thew Withered, or Blaffed at the
Top, it fheweth the Earth to be very Cold: And fo doth the Mofine/fje
of Trees. The Earth, whereof the Gra/fe is foone Parched with the Sun,
and Toasted, iscommonly Forced Earth,and Barren in his owne Nature.
The Tender, Che/fome,and Mellow Earth, is the beft ; Being meere Monld,
betweene thetwo Extreames of Clay,and Sand; Efpecially if itbe not
Loamy, and Binding. The Earth, that after Raine,will {carce be Ploughed,
is commonly Frastfall; For it is Cleasing, and full of Juyce,

It is ftrange, which is obferued by fome of the Ancéents,that Duff hel-
peth the Frustfulnefe of Trees; And of Vines,by name: Infomuch as
they caft Duft vpon them of purpofe, It fhould feeme, that that Pow-
dring, when a Shower commeth , maketh a kinde of Soyling to the
Tree, being Earth and Water, finely laidon. And they note, that Coun-
tries, where the Fields and Wayes are Duty, beare the beft Himes,

It is commended by the Ancients, for an Excellent Helpe to Trees,to
lay the Stalks and Leawes of Lupines about the Rests; Or to Plough
them into the Greusd, where you will fowe Corne. The Burning allo
of the Custings of Vines, and Caffing them vpon /amd, doth much Good.
And it was generally recciued of old,that the Dumging of Grounds, when
the West Wind bloweth,and in the Decrea/fe of the Moone, doth greatly
helpe; The Earth (as it feemeth) being then more thirfty,and open, to
receiue the Dang, :

The Grafting of Vines vpon Vines, (as 1 take it,) is notnow in vie:
The Ancients had it, and that three wayes: T he Firft was Jn/ttion, which
is the Ordinary Manner of Grafting: The Second was Terebration,
through the Aisddle of the Stecke, and Putting in the Céoms there: And
the Third was Paring of two Vines, that grow together, to the Marrow,
and Binding them clofe,

The Défeafes and ill Accidents of Corne, are worthy to be 9 .

n

Century. VAI.

And would be more worthy to be enquired, ifit were in Mens Power to
helpe them; Whereas many of them arenotto be remedied. The ail-
dewaisoncof the Greateft ; which (out of queftion) commeth by Clofe-

‘ne(je of dtre ; And thereforein Hills, or large Champaigne Grounds, it {el-

dome commeths Such as is with vs York’s Woald. This cannot be reme-
died, otherwiferhan that in Countries of Small Enclofure, the Grounds
be turned intolarger Fie/ds: VWWhich I haue knowne to doe good in
fomeFarmese Another Difea/e is the Putting forth of Wilde Oats,where-
into Gorme oftentimes, (e{pecially Barley,) doth degenerate, It happe-
nethehiefly from the Weckweffe of the Grasme that is fowen ; For if irbe
either too Old, or Mouldy, it will bring forth Wilde Oats. Another Djf-
eafeis the Saciety of the Ground ; For if you fow one Ground till with
the {ame Cerse, (I meancnot the fame Corme that grew vpon the fame
Ground,) but the faine Kinde of Graine; (As Wheat, Barley, &c.) it wil!
profper but poorcly ; Therefore hefides the Rejting of the Grand, you
mutt vary the Seed, Another ill Accident is, from the Winds, which hurt
attwotimes; At the Flowring, by Shaking off the Flowers; And at the
full Ripening, by Shaking ourthe Cerne, Another ill Accident is, Drouth,
at the Spindling of the Cornes Which with vs istare; Butin Hotter
Cesstries, common : Infomuch as the Word, Calamitas, was firlt deri-
ued from Calamus, when the Corne could not get out of the Stalke. An-
other ill Accident is, Oner-wet at Sowing-Time, which withvs breedeth
much Dearth; Infomuchas the Corme ncuer commeth vp; And (many
tines) chey are forced to refow Sommer-Corne, where they fowed Win-
ter-Corse, Another ill Accident is Bitter FrofPs, continued,without Snew;
Efpecially in the Beginning of the Winter, after the Seed is new Sowen.
Another Difeafe is Wormes; which fometimes breed in the Root, and
happen vpon Hot Sanzes, and Showers,immediately after the Sowing ;
And another Worme breedeth in the Eare it Selfe ; Efpecially when Hot
Swanes breake often out of Clouds. Another Di/eafe is Weeds; And they
are fuch, as either Choake, and Ouerfhadow the Corne, and beare it
downe; Or ftarue theCerne, and deceiue it of Nourifhment, Another
Difeafe is, Ouer-Ranckneffe of the Carne; Which they yfe to remedy, by
Mowing it after it is come vp; Or putting Sheepe into it, Another ill Ac=
cident is Laying of Corne with great Raines, neare, or in Harse/t, Another
ill Accident is, if the Seed happ<nto hauetouched Oyle, or any Thing,
thar is Fat; Forthofe Swb/lauces haue an Aatipathy with Nowrifbment of
Water. ;

The Remedies of the Difeafes of Corne hauc beenc obferuedas fol-
loweth. The Steeping of the Graine, before Sowing, alittle time in Wine,
is thought a Preferuative: The Mingling of Seed-Corne with Afbes, is
thought to be good: The Sowing at the Wane of the Moone, is thought
tounake the Corwe found: It hath not beene pradtifed, but it is thought
to be of vie, to make fome ag/cellane in Corne 5 As ifyou fowa few
Beanes with Wheat,your Wheat will be the better.It hath beene obferued,
that the Sowing of Corne with Honfleeke, doth good, Though Graine,that

toucheth

167

670

672

675

Naturall Hiftory:

roucheth Oy/e, or Fat, receiueth hurt, yet the Steepznz of it, in ithe Dregs
of Ogle, when it beginneth to Putrifie, (which they call Ampsurea,) is
thought ro affure it againtt Wormes. It isreported alfo, that if Corme,
be Mowed, it willmake the Graise Longer, but Emptier, and hating |,
More of the Huske. r

It hath beene noted, that Seed of a yeare old, isthe Befts And of
two or three yeares is Worfe;And that which is more Old,is quite Bar-
ren; Though (no doubt) fome Seeds and Graines laft better than others,
The Corae, which in the Yauning lieth loweft, is the beft;And the Corze,
which broken or bitten retaineth a little Yelowane/fe, is better than that
which is very White,

It hath beene obferued, that of all Roots of Herbs, the Root of Sorrell
goeth the furtheft into the Earth;Infomuch as it hath binknowneto go
taree Cubits deepe; And that it is the Root that centinueth fit (longeft)
to be fet againe, ofany Roos that groweth, Itis a Cold and Acide Herbe,
that (as it feemeth ) loueth the Earth, and isnot much drawne by the
Sanne.

Ithath beene obferued,that fome Herbs like beft, being watred with
Salt-Water 3 As Radi[b, Beet, Rew, Pennyroyall ; This Triall would be ex-
tended to fome other Herbs ; Efpecially fachas are Stiongs As Tarra-
gon, Muftard-Seed, Rocket, and the like, '

Icis ftrange that is generally receiued, how fome Peyfoneus Beafts
affea Odorate and Whole/ome Herbs; As thatthe Snake loueth Fennell ;
That the Toad will be much vnder Sage; That Frogs willbe in Cinguefoile.
It may be, itis rather the Shade, or other-Couerturey that they take li-
king in, than the Vertue of the Herbe, '

Itwerea Matter of great Profit, ( fauethat I doubtit is too Con-
ie@urall to venture vpon,) if one could difcerne, what Core, Herbs, or
Fruits,are like to be in Plenty,or Scarcity,by fome Signes and Proguoflicks,
in the Beginning of the Yeare: Foras forthofe, thatare like to bein
Plenty, they may be bargained for, vpon the Grownd; As the Old Rela-
tion was of Thales ; who to fhew how eafie it was fora Philofopher to be
rich, when he fore-faw a great Plenty of Olives,made a Menopoly of them,
And for Scarcity,;Men may make Profit in keeping better the Old Store.
Long Continuance of Snow is beleeued to make a Fraitfull Yeare of Corne:
An Earely Winter, or avery Late Winter, a Barren Yeare of Corne: An O-
pen and Serene Winter, an ill Yeare of Frast: Thefe we haue partly tou-
ched before: But other Prognoftickes of like Nature are diligently to be
enquired,

; There feeme to be, infome Plants, Singalarities, wherein they differ

| from all Other; The Olime hath the Oyly Part, only onthe Owtfide;Wher-

as all other Fruéts haue it inthe Nat, or Kernell. The Firre hath (in ef-
fect) no Stone, Nut,nor Kernel ; Except you will count the little Graines
Kernells, The Pomegranate and Pines Apple haue onely, amongf{t Fraits,

| Graiwes difting in feuerall Cells. No Herbs haue Carled Leawes, but Cab-

bage, and Cabbace-Lettnce, None haue double Leawes, one belonging -
the

| (Century. VAI, 169

STARE ei 20 AS eh |
Ihe Stalke, another co the Fruit or Seed, but the Artichoke: No Flower
ch that kinde of Spread that che Woedbixe hath, This may be a large
ield of Contemplation ; For it fheweth that in the Frame of Nature,
there is, in the Producing of fome Species, a Compofition of Matter,
which happeneth oft, and may be much diuerfified : In others, fuch as
happeneth rarely, and admitteth little Variety: For 0 it is likewife in
eajfs: Dogs haue a Refemblance with Wolwes, and Foxes; Horfes with
Affes ; Kine with Bufles ; Hares with Comeyes ; &c. And fo in Birds : Kites
nd Keftrells hauc a Refemblance with Hawkes; Common-Doues with
Ring-Danes, and Turtles; Black-Birds with Thrufhes, and Mani(fes ; Crowes
with Rawens,Dawes,and Choughes,Scc, But Elephaats,and Swine amongft
Beaffs; And the Bird of Parads/e, and the Peacocke amongtt Birds; And
fome few others 5 hauefcarce any other Species, that haue Affinity with
them,

Weleaue the Defcription of Plants, and their Vertues, to
Herballs,and other like Bookes of Naturall HiStory: Wherein
‘Mens Diligence hath beene great, euen to (uriofity : For our :
Experiments ate onely fuch,as doc euerafcend a Degree,to the |
Deriuing of Caufes,and Extracting of Axiomes, which, wee
are not ignorant, bur that fome, both of the Ancient,and Mo-
derneWriters,haucalfo laboured ;But their Caufes,and Axiomes,
are fo full of Imagination,and fo infected with the old Recei-
ued Theories, as they ate mecre Inquinations of Experiencen,
and Concoct it not.

'
|

It hath beene obferued, by fome of the asients, that Skins, (efpe- | Experiment
cially of Rams,) newly pulled off, and applied to the Wounds of S; tripes, ching Bang
doe keepe them from Swelling,and Exulcerating ; And likewife Heale | of wounds.
them,and Clofe them vp ; And that the Lyhites of Eggsdothefame.The}| 677
Case is a Temperate Conglutination, For both Bodies are Clammy, and
Vifcous, and doe bridle the Deflaxe of Humours to the Hurts, without
Penning them in too much.

You may turne (almoft) all Flefhintoa Fatty Subffance,if youtake Pa ng

Fle{b, and cutit inte Peeces, and put the Peeces into a Glaffe couered ching Pat diffi

with Parchment; And fo Jer the Gla/fe ftand fix or feuen Houres in Boy. \(edia Flefa.

ling Water. It may be an Experiment of Profit, for Making of Fat, or] 678

|Grea/e, for many vies ; But then it muftbe of fuch Fleas is not Edibles|.

As Heres, Digs, eares, Foxes, Badgers, 8 anagem
ys 7

[Experiment Ic is reported by one of the Ancients, that New Wine, put into Vef-

SS eS se eS! Ue

_} of the Sea.

_) Expetiment *
|} Solitary rou=
| ching the differ
_| rent Heatsof
"| Fireand Boiling
| | Water.

170 , Neaturall Fiiftory +

Solitary, tou- | 7a'¢ well topped, and the Veffells let downe into the Sea, willaccelerate

cece very much, the Making of them Ripe, and Potable. The fame wouldbe
theTime. || tried'in Wort.

679 | ’
Exptriment Beafis are more Hairy than Mes; And Sawage Mew more than Cinill;
Solitary,tou- | And the Plumage of Birds exceedeth the Pélofity of Beafs. The Caufeo
my the Smoothneffe in Men, is not any Abundance of Heat, and Moifture,

680 _ | though thatindeed caufeth Pélofity;But there is requifite to Pilofity,not

fo much Heat and Moiffure, as Excrementitiows Heat and Moisture : (For
whatfoeuer affimilateth, goeth not into the Hatre: ) And Excrementi-
tious Moifiure aboundeth moft in Bea/ts, and Mes that are more Sawage,
‘| Much the fame Reafon is there of the Plumage of Birds; For Birds affi-
milate leffe, and excerne more than Bea/fs: For their Excremsents are
euer liquid, and their Fle/ (generally) more dry: Befides, they haue
not Infirsments for Vrine ; And fo all the Excrementitious Moiflure goeth
into the Feathers: And therefore it is no Maruell, though Birds bee
commonly better Meatthan Beaffs, becaufe their Flefh doth affimilate
more finely, and fecerneth more fubtilly. Againe,the Head of Maz hath
Hairevpon the firft Birth, which no other Part of the Body hath. The
Canfe may be Want of Per/piration: For Much of the Matter of Haire,in
the other Parts of the Body, gocth forth by Infenfible Per/piratios; And
| befides, the Skull being of a more folide Subftance, nourifheth and af-
fimilateth leffe, and excerneth more: And fo likewife doth the Chiane;
| We fee alfo that Haire commeth not vpon the Palmes of the Hands, nor
Soales of the Feet; Which are Parts more Per/pirable.. And Children
|likewife arenot Harry, for that their Skis are more Perfpirable,
Experiment Birds are of Swifter Motion than Bea/ts : For the Flight of many Birds
ae is Swifter, than the Race of any Beafls, TheCan/eis, forthatthe Spirits
Quicknefeof | | in Birds, are in greater Proportion, in comparifon of the Bulke of their
Motion in Body, than in Bea/ts : For as for the Reafon thatfome giue, that they
Birds. |<". are partly Garried, whereas Bea/s goe, that is Nothing; For by that
681 |Reafon Swimming fhould be fwifter,than Running : And that Kinde of |
> PCarriage alfo , isnot without Labour of the Wing.
gad ‘poe The Sea is Clearer,when the Worth-wind bloweth, than when the

‘| chine theditte. | S0#6h-wiud, "The Canfe is, for that Salt-Water hatha little Oyléne/fe in the

rent Cleareneffe | Surface thereof; As appeareth in very Hot Daies: And againe, for that
the Soatherne Wind relaxeth the Water fomewhat; As no Water Boyling
is fo Cleare as Cold Water, Cae

AT

682."

Fire burneth Wood, making it firft Zwminows ; Then Blacke and Brie:
tle; And laftly, Broken and Jncinerate : Scalding Water doth none of thefe,
‘The Can/e is, for that by: Fire, the Spirit of the Body is firlt Refmed, and
then Emsitted; Whereof the Refising, or Attenuation caufeth the Lights

nd

—_—_—_—_—_—_— OO

633

~

— a

And the Emifitor, firlt the Fragilitie, and after the Difalution into affes :

Neither doth any other Bodyenter : But in Water the Spirit of the Body

As not ReSaed fo much ; And befides Part of the Water entreth 3 Which

doth increafe the Spirit, and ina degree extinguilh ir: Therefore wee fee

that Ho: Water will quench Fire, And againe wee fee, that in Bodies,

wherein the Water doth not much enter, burt only the'Heat pafleth, Hor

Water worketh the Effe&s.of Fire: Asin Egges Boyled, and Roafted, (in-

to which the Hater entreth not atall,) there is {carce difference to be dif-

cerned 3 But in Frat, and Fle/h, whereinto the Water entreth, in fome -
Part, there is much more difference.

The Bottome of a Ve(/el of Boyling Water, (as hath beene obferued,) is i ale
not very much Heated ; So as Men may put their Hand vnder the Ve//ell, chigg ah aa
andremoueit. The Cas/e is, for that the Moiffure of Water, as it quen- | !ifica'ion ot vat
cheth Coales,where it entreth ; So it doth allay Heat, where it toucheth: | °! $a
And therefore note well, that 4oi//wre, although it doth not pafle tho- 84
row Bodies, without Communication of fome Sub/fance, (As Heat and
Cold doe;) yet it worketh manifeft Effe&s ; notby Entrance of the Bo-
dy, but by Qualifying of the Heat, andCold ; As wee fee inthis Jn-

awce: And wee fee likewife, thatthe Water of Things diftilled in Water,
(which they call the Bath,) differeth not much from the Water of Things
Diftilled by. Fire: Wee fee alfo, that Pewter-Difhes, with Warer in them,
will not Melt eafily ; But withourit, they will : Nay wee fee more, that
Butter, or Oyle, which in themfelues are Inflammable, yet by Vertue of
cir Meiffure, will doe the like,

Pe |

Ithath beene noted by the Ancients, that it is dangerous to Picke ones ei wae
Eare, whilelt he Yawneth. The Caw/eé is, for that in Yawaing, the Inner cites
Parchment of the Eare is extended, by the Drawing in ot the S/irit, and| 68 5
Breath ; For in Yawning, and Sighing both, the Spirit is firlt ftrongly
Drawne in, and then ftrongly Expelled,

Ithath beeneobferued by the Ancients, that Sneezing doth ceafethe | E*peument Fe
Hiccough, The Canfe is, for thatthe Metion of the Hiccough, is a Lifting | ching the Hic
up of the Stomacke; which Sneezing doth fomewhat deprefle, and divert | 0g.
the Motion another way. For firit wee fee, that the Hiccoughcommethof| 686
Pubneffe ot Meat, (efpecially in Children,) which caufeth an Extenfion
of the Stomacke « Wee ee allo, itis caufed by Acide Meats, or Drinkes,
which is by the Pritking ofthe Stomacke : And this Motconis cealed, e1-
ther by Diver fiom; Or by Detention of the Spirits : Déserfion, asin Snee-
sitte ; Detention, as wee feeHelding of the Breath, doth helpe fomewhat
to ceafethe iccough : And putting a Man into an Earneft Studie doth
thelike ; Asis commonly vfed : And Vinegar putto the Nefthyills, ot
Gargarized, doth it alfo ; For that it is 4//ringent, and inhibiteth the
Motion of the Spirits,

Z Looking

ee

oh al

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Saeewng

87

Experitnent
Solitary, tou-
ching the Ter
adevneffeotthe
Teeth.

688

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the
Tongue.

689

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the
Tafle.

690

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching fome
Prognoflichs of
Peftilentiall
Seafo7is.

691%

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Speciall
Simples for
Medicines.
692

'
eee eee
————$—$

‘s Naturall Hiftory:

Looking againk the Swane, doth induce Sneezing, The Caufeis, not
the Heating of the Nofthrills ; For then the Holding vp of the Nofthrills
againgt the Swnne, though one Winke, would doe it ; Butthe Drawing
downe of the Moi/ture of the Braive : For it will make the Eyes run with
water s And the Drawing of Moifiure to the Eyes, doth draw it to the
Nofthrills, by Motion ot Confent ; And fo followeth Sneezing ; As con-
trariwife, the Tickling of the Nefthrills within, doth draw the Mei/ture to
the Nofthrills, and to the Eyes by Con/ent ; For they alfo will Water. But
yet, ithath beene obferued, thatif one be aboutto Sweeze, the Rubbing
ofthe Ayes, till they run with Water, will preuentit. Whereofthe Cau/e
is, for that the Humour, which was defcending to the No/thrills, is diuer-
ted to the Eyes.

The Teeth are more, by Cold Drinke, or the like, affeGted, than the
other Parts, The Cau/eisdouble : The One, forthatthe Refiftance of
Bone to Cold, is greater than of Flefh ; for that the Fle/h fhrinketh,but the
Bone rcfifteth, whereby the Cold becommeth more eager : The Other is,
for thatthe Teeth are Parts without Blowd ; Whereas Bloud helpeth to
qualifie the Cold : And therefore wee fee, that the Sismewes are much af-
tected with Cold; For that they are Parts without Blowd : Sothe Bones in
Sharpe Colds wax Brittle ; And therefore, it hath beene feene, that all
Contufions of Bones, in Hard Weather, are more difficult to Cure,

It hath beene noted, that the Tongae receiueth, more cafily, Tokens.o
Défeafes, than the other Parts ; As of Heats within, which appeare moft

Tongues, &c. TheCau/eis, (no doubt,) the Temderne/fe of the Part;which
thereby receiueth more ealily all Alterations, than any other Parts of the

When the Mouth is out of Taffe, it maketh Things tafte, fometimes |
Salt ; Chiefly Bitter ; And fometimes Loathfome ; But newer Sweet. The
Caufeis, the Corrapting of the Moi/fure about the Tongue ; Which many |
times turneth Bitter, and Salt,and Loathfome ; But Sweet neuer ; For the |
'xeftare Degreesot Corruption.

| Ie was obferued in the Great Plague of the laft Yeare, that there were
| feene, in diuers Ditches, and low Grounds, about London, many Toads,
that had Tuiles, two or three Inches long, at the leaft ; Whereas Josds
| (vfually) haue no Tailes at all, Which argueth a great Difpofition to
Putrefaction inthe Soie, and Aire. It is reported likewife, chat Roots,
(fuch as Carrets, and Par/nips,) are more Sweet, and Lufbious, in Infe-
tious Yeares, than in other Yeares, ni

Wile Phyfitians {hould with all diligence inquire, what Simples Na-
ture yeeldeth, that haue extreme Sabsile Parts, without any Mordication,
. or

in the Blackue/fe of the Tongue. Againe, Pied Cattell are {potted in their | |

_ -

; Centar. WN

ot Acrimsny: lion they Vadermine that which is Hard ; They open ‘elas it
lwhichis Stoaped,and ShutsAnd they expell thatwhich is Offeafiue,ocnt-
ly, withour too much Perturbation. Of this Kinde are Elder. Flowers,

ich therefore are Proper{ortheStene » Of this kinde is che Dwarfe-
Pines which isProperfor the Jaumdées: Of this kindc is Harts- Horne ;
which is Proper for Agues, and Jafedtions: Ot thiskinde is Piony ; which
is Proper for Stoppings inthe Heads. Of this kinde is Famitory; which is
Proper forthe SpleenesAnd ‘a’ Number of Others, Generally, divers
Creatures redo! Putrefaction, though)they befomeéwhat loath{ome to
take, are ofthiskinde; Asfarth-wormes, Timber-Sowes,Snailes,&c. And
Iconceiue,that the Trochifehs of Vipers, (w hich are fo much magnified, )
and the Fiefh of Suakes Come wayes condited, and corrected, (which of

laté are growne into fome Credite,nare of Jen fawne Miaragas So the|

Parts of Beajt sPutrified; (asCastorewm, and Miske, which haue extreme
Sabeell Parts,) aveto\de placed amonaft them. We fee alfo that Patrefa-
ions ot Plants;(as ‘Agaricke,and lewes Bare,) ave of greaceft Vertue. The’
Caa/e is, for that Patrefaction is the Subrilleft of all avotions,in.the Parts
of Bodies: And fincewe cannortake downe the Lines of Lining Creatures,
(vivich fame ofithe Paraceifiansfay (if they could be taken downe,),
wouktdmake vs Jsmortalls)) the Nextisifor Siabategiof ee to take,
Budlies P utrefied; Such as avay bebitictpaniens ;
SRE bee paesh or wetnersed yar oo
o\pslchath bedne ob ferued by che Ancients) that Mivoh Vie of Venus doth
Dimme the Sight; And yet Eunuchs, which are vnable to generate, are
“Sgn ans ee Dimme Sighted, The Caufe of Dimneffe of Sight, in|
ena Spirits dathe Latter, the Qner-moi/ture

ofthe Br paren iffure.ot the Brasne thicken. che Spé- |
7 Pins sie eee a a As we ite the Decay, in |

e Sughe, m Hoe be Where aNBsthe feat of thd Lib ‘cotteurreth
dunce caf cleextoihsnlicdagfe ‘commeth by Rineumiés; and
Cataracts. Now in Enauchssthereare all the NoreaahAitures Asche

Seat of | at hishsrrkelcafenctic ofa their Belly, che;Smooth-

westrat ann ue aoe is | he grate 3 the Meare of

ae 2 oh iefuia bike ‘Anators are eas ts His Getteration.
ve Codligerdoth well to make the Pleafure 66Gencration a\Sixth
Senfe, And if there were any other differing Organs, , and Qualified Per.
far the, Spsrits to,pafie;there would be more, shanthe.Réne Sen-
Reise dec wcwc emyschaten lors Beafts, and Birds, haus
nfes thax ave know, not: And;the-very Sent .f Dogs: isalmofta

| Seoeenaslls Secondly, eheobleates of the Zowep, ate. grea ser and
we eeper,

(73

Experiments

694

a.

695

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Infetia,

6 96

| Natural Hiftory:

deeper, than thofe ofthe other S enfes; As we {ee in Warming vpon Colds

(Or Refrigeration vpon Heat : For as the Paines of the Touch, are greater
than the Offences of other § enfes ; So likewife are the Pleafures It is true,
that the Affecting of the Spirits immediately, and (as it were) without an
Organ, is of the greateft Plea/re; VVhich is but in two things: Sweet
Smells; And Wine, and the like Sweet Vapours, For Smells, wee fee their
great and fudden Eftect in fetching Men againe, when they fwoune:For
Drinke, it is certaine, that the Plea/ure of Drunkenne/fe, isnext the Plea-
fare of Venus: And Great loyes (likewife ) make the Spirits moue,and
touch themfelues: And the Plea/ure of Venus is fomewhat of the fame
Kinde,

It hath beene alwayes obferued, that Afen are more inclined to Venus
in the Winter,and Women in the Summer. The Cau/e is, for that the Spi-
rits, ina Body more Hotand dry, (as the Spirits of Mem are,)by the Sam-
mer are more exhaled, and diffipated ; And in the Wister more conden-
fed, and keprentire: But in Bodes that are Cold and Moift, (as Womens
are,) the Swzmer doth Cherith the Spirits, and calleththem forth ; the
Winter doth dullthem. Furthermore; the 4b/finence, or Intermiffow of
the V/e of Venus, in Moiff and well Habitwate Bodies, breedeth a Number
of Difeafes; And efpecially dangerous Jespoftumations, The Reafon is
euident; For that itis a Principall Ewacaation, e{pecially of the Spirits:
For of the Spirits, there is fcarce any Ewacwation, but in Venus, and Exer-
cife. And therefore the Omifiton of cither of them, breedeth all Difea/es
of Repletion, att '

The Nature of Vinificationis very worthy the Enquiry :
Andas the Nature of Things, is commonly better perceiued,
in Small, than in Great; and in vnperfect, than in perfect, and
in Parts,than in whole: So the Nature of Viuification is belt
enquired in Creatures bred of Putrefaction. The Contemplation
whereof hath many Excellent Fruits. Firft,in Di/clofing the O-
riginall of Viuification. Secondly, in Difclofing the Originall of
Figuration. Thirdly in Di/clofing many Things in the Nature
of Perféét Creatures, which in them lye morehidden. And
Fourthly, in Tradwcing, by way of Operation, fome Ob/eruati-
ons in the Infecta, to worke Effefts vpon Perfect Creatures.
Note thatthe word Infeéta,agreeth not with the Matter, but
we cuer vic it for Breuities fake, intending by it Creatures bred

of Putrefaétion.

The In/ec#a are found to breed out of {cuerall asatters: Some breed
of Mad, or Dung ; Asthe Earth-wormes, Eeles, Snakes, 8c. For they are
both Pwtrefactions : For Water in Mud doth Putrifie, as not able to Pre-

feruc it felfe: And for Dung,all Excrements are the Refu/fe and Patrefactt-
ons

' RS oe : a

ons of Noarifbment, Some breed in Wed,both Growing, and Cur down,
| Quere in what Weds moft,and at what Seafons?We fee that the berms
hwich many Feet, which round themfelues into Balls are bred chiefly vn-
‘der Logs of Timber,butnot in the Timber; And they are faid to be found
ialfo, (many times,) in Gardens, where no Logs are, But it feemeth their
Generation requircth a Conertwre, both from Swe, and Raine, or Dew;
As the Timéer is; And therfore they are not Venemous,but (contrariwife)
are held by the Péy/itians to clarifie the Blowd, It is obferued alfo that Ci-
mices arc found in the Holes of Bed-Sides, Some breed in the Haire of Li-
ning Creatures; As Lice, and Tikes; which are bred bythe Sieat clofe
kept, and fomewhat arefied by the Haire. The Excrements of Lining Crea-

stares, do not only breed Jnfec¥a,when they are Excerned, but alfo while
they are in the Bedy; As in Pormes, whereto Children are moft fubiect,
and are chiefly inthe Guts, And it hath beene lately obferued by PA)/i-
téans, that in many Pe/filent Difeafes,chere are Wormes found in the vpper
Parts of the Body, where Excrements are not, butonely Humours Putri-
ified. Fleas breed Principally of Straw or Mats,where there hath beene a
\lictle Moifure; Oc the Chamber and Bed-/fraw kept clofe,and not Aired,
tis receiued thar they arekilled by Strewing Worme- wood in the Rooms,
And itis truly obferued, that Bitter Things are apt,rather to kill,than en-
gender Putrefaction ; And they be Things, that are Fat, or Sweet chat are
apteft to Patrifie, There is aWorme,that breedeth in Meale, of the fhape
ofa largewhité Mageet,which is giuen asa great Dainty to Nightingales,
The Meath breedeth vpon Clath,and other Lanifiees ; Efpecially it they
be laid vp dankifh,and wet.It delighteth to be about the Flame of a Can-
dle There is a Worme called a Wewsll,bred ynder Ground, and that feedeth
vpon Roots; As Par/nips, Carrets, &c, Some breed in Waters, efpecially
fhaded,but they mutt be Stasding-waters; As the Water-Spider,that hath

fix Legs. The Fly called the Gad-fly, breedeth of fomewhat that Swim-
|methvpon the Top of the Water, and is moft about Ponds. There is a
'Worme that breedeth of the Dregs of Wine Decayeds which afterwaids,
| (as is obferued by fome of the Ancients,) turneth into a Grat,Ithath bin
\obferued by the Ancéents that there is aWorme that breedeth in oldSnow,
and is of Colour Reddith, and dullof Motion, and dieth foone after it
commeth outof Snow, Which fhould thew,that Swow hath in ira fecret
Warmth ; For elfe it couldhardly Viu'fie, And the Reafon ofthe Dying
of the Worme,may be the fiidden Exhaling of that little. Spirit, as foone
as it commeth out of the Ca/d, which -had fhunirin. For a3 Busterflies
quicken with Heat, which were benummed with Cold; So Spiritsimay
jexhale with Heat, which were Preferued in Colds Ic is affirmed both by
Ancient and Moderne O/fernation, that in Furnaces of Copper, and Braffe,
where Chalcites;(which is Vitrioll,)is often caftin,to mend the working,
| there rifeth fuddenly.a Bly; which fometimes moueth,as ifit tooke hold
on the walls of the Furnace ; Sometimes is een¢ mouing in the Fire be-
low; And diethprefently;as fooneas it is out of the Furmace, Which is
Ja Noble Jafance, and worthy to be weighed for it fheweth that as well
1! Violent

175

$$$.

176

697

698

Natural Hiflory:

\ytolent Heat of Fire, as the Gentle Heat of Lining Creatures,will Viuifie if
\|ichaue Matter Proportionable.Now the great Axtome of Vinification is,
\chac there mutt be Heat to dilate the Spirit of the Body; Aw Adfime Spirit
‘te be dilated 5 Matter Vifcous or Tenacious, to hold in the Spirit; And that
Matter to be pat forth, and Figured. Now a Spirit dilated by fo ardent a
Fire, asthat-of the Farwace, as foone as ever it cooleth neuer fo little,
congealeth prefentlyyAnd (no doubt) this 4éfion is furthered by the
Chalcites,which hatha Spirit chat will Put forth'and germinate,as we fee
in Chymieall Trials, Briefly, mott Things Patrified bring forth Infecfa of
feucrall:Names; But wee will not take vpon vs now,: to Bnumerate
them all; ABI (O01
The Jafea haut beenenoted by the Ancients,to feed little:But this
hath notbeene diligently obferued ; For Grafhoppers eat vp the Greene s
of whole Countries; And Silke-wermes deuoure Leawes fwiftly; And
Ants make great Pronifion. It is true,that Creatures,that Sleepe and ret
much, Eavhittle; As Dormife, arid Bats, &c/They are all without Blowd:
Which may be, for that the Jujce‘of their Bodies, is almoft all one; Not
Blowd, and'Flefh, and Skin, and Bone, as in Perfect Creatures: The Integrall
Parts haue Extreme Variety, but'theSzmilar Parts little, Te is true, that
they hane, (fome of them,) a Diaphragme,'andan Intefline; And they
haue all Shas; Whichiin mot of the Zn/ecfa are caft often, They are
not (genctally) of lowg Life: Yer Bees haue beenc knowneto liue feven
yearest And Snakes are thought,the rather for the Caffing of their Spode, |.
to liuétill they be Oldt"Aind Eeles, which many times breed of Pwtrefa-
iow; willliueand growvery long: And thofe that Enterchange from
Wormesxo Flyes. inthe Simmer, aid from Flyes to Wormes in the Winter,
haue betnekept in Boxes foure yeares atthe leaft. Yer there'are certain
Fiyes; thacare'¢alled Ephemera, that live bat ¥day.The Canje is, the Ext-
lity ofthe Spirst yOrperhaps the Ablemce ofthe Suané: For that ifthey
were broughrinsor kept clofe, they might line longer. Many of the 7#-
feta, (a8 Butterflies,vand other Blies,') revitie eafily, when they feenie
dead; beid gbroughreothe Suane,or Fire. The Canfe whereof is, the
Diffufiowot the Vitall Spirit, and the Eafie Dilating of icby alittle Hede,
They ftirrealgood while, after their'Heads are off, or that they beent in
Pooctsy Which isean(ed alfo, forthat their ial Spirmsare more dif.
firfed thofow-out all their Parts, and lefle confined to Organs, than in
PerfedPGrearires,.0 3600) qmipdxdd cob dahors oe Ca “D
Dive 2a facta Haueviiliontiary Motion, and therefore Jmagination; And
whereasfome of the Jemoicars hatie fvid, that their 2voron is Inderermi-
nate, and-their smapinathon Trideftiite,it is ‘negligently obferued § For
Ayes goesriwhe forwardsitd their Fills And-Bees dee-¢ admirably )
know'the way; front'a Flowry Heath, two ‘or three Milesoffto! their
Hiucs. Irmaty be, Gaaesiand Fljes, Haueltheit Ymsazimation more’ muta
ble, and widdy;as Smlb Binds likewite Have Tes laid by fore’ of th
| Sncients, charthey hauconely the Sense of Feeling pwhich is manifel
tnrruc : Porlif they soe: forthvioht to ia Place, they tititinieeds ha :
[ro —

(Century. V I I.

Sight: Befides they delight more in one Flower, or Herbe, than in
another , and therefore haue Ta/fe : And Bees are called with Soand
vpon Sra/fe, and therefore they haue Hearing: Which fheweth like-
wife chat chough their Spérit be diffuted, yet there is a Seag of their Sen-
fes in their Head,

Other Obleruations rman « the Infc&ta, together with the Enu-
meration of them, weereferre to that Place, where wee meane to handle
the Titleof Animal's én generall,

A Mar Leapeth better with Weights, in his Hands, than without.
The Caw/e is, for that the Weight, (if it be proportionable,) ftrength-
neth the Sinnewes, by Centracting them. For otherwife, where no Con-
traction is needfull, Weight hindereth, As wee fee in Horfe-Races, Men
are curious to fore-fee, that there be not the leaft Weight, vpon the one

—_——

Horfe, more than vpon the other, In Leapéng with Weights, the Armes
are firft caft backwards, and then forwards, with fo much the grea-
ter Force: For the Hands goe backward before they take their Raife,
Quare, if the contrary Motion of the Spirits, immediately before the
Motion wee intend, doth not caufe the Spsrits, as it were, to breake
forth with more Force : As Breath alfo drawne, and kept in, com-
meth forth more forcibly: And in Ca/fing of any Thing,the Armes, to
make a greater Swing, are firft caft backward.

Of Muficall Tones, and Yuequall Sounds, wee haue fpoken before ;
But touching the Pleafure, and Dijpleafare of the Senfes,not fo fully,
Har{h Sounds, as of a Sawe, when it is fharpened ; Grinding of one Stone
againft another ; Squeaking, or Skriching Neife; makea Shivering or
Horrour in the Body, and {et the Teethonedge. The Cau/e is, for that
the Objec#s of the Eare, doe affe&t the Spirits (immediately) moft
with Pleafare and Offence. We fee, there isno Colowr that affecteth
the Eye much with Dipleafure: There be Sights, that are Horrible,
becaufe they excite the Memory of Things that are Odious, or Fearefull ;
But the fame Things Painted doc little affe&. As for Smells, Ta/tes,
jand Touches, they be Things that doe affect, by a Participation, or /m-
palfion of the Body, of the Obiec#. Soitis Sowndalone, that doth im-
mediately, and’ incorporeally , affeét moft: This is moft manifeft in
Muficke; and Concords and Difcords in Moficke: For all Sounds, whe-
‘ther they be fharpe, or Flat, if they be Sweet, haue a Roundneffe and
Equality; And if they be Harth, are Yuequall : For a Difcordit {elfe is
but a Harfbneffe of Diners Sounds Mecting. It is true, that Jmequality,
not Stayed vpon, but Paffing, is rather an Encreafe of Sweetneffe;
As in the Purling of a Wreathed String, And in the Ramcity of a
Trumpet , And in the Nightinghale-Pipe of a Regal; And in a Dif-
oft ftraight falling vpon a Coexcord: But if you ftay vpon it, it is

\

oo

Offenfiwe ; And therefore, there bee thefe three Degrees of Pleas,
an

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Leaping.

699

Experiment

Solitary,tou- | ~

ching the Plea-.
fares, and Dif-
pleafures of the
Senjes,efpecial-
ly of Hearing.

700

i78

‘

N aturall Fiiftory:

and Difpleafing in Sounds; Sweet Sounds; Difcords; and Aarfh Sounds,
which we call by diuers Names, as Skriching, or Grating , fuch
as wee now {peake of, As for the Setting of the Yeeth on
Edge, we fee plainly, what an Intercourfe thereis, be-
tweene the Teeth, and the Organ of the Hearing,

by the Taking of the End of a Bow, be-

tweene the Teeth, and Striking =

vpon the String.

\ Ay \ { e

NATVRALL

HISTORIE.

- VIII. Century.

} iin Vi

‘Hete be Adineralls, and Fofiles, in great Varie-| Experiment
tie ; But of Weines of Earth Medicinal, but ieee
few ; The Chiefe are, Terra Lemnia, Terra OF hesdictwall
Sigillata communis, and Bolus Armsinus :\ Earth.
Whereof Terra Lemmiais the Chiefe, The} 701
Vertues of them are, for Curing of Wounds,

Stanching of Bloud, Stopping of Flaxes and

Rheumes, and Arrefting the Spreading of Poi-

(on, Infection, and Patrefaction : Andthey |
haue, of all other Simsples, the Perfeéteft and

Pureft Qualitie of Drying, with little orno Mixture of any other Qvalztie,

Yetitis true, thatthe Bole-Arminicke is the moftCold of them ; And that
Terra Eemniais the moft Hot ; For which Caufe, the /fland Lemnos,where

itis digged, was inthe Old Fabulous Ages confecrated to Vulcan.

‘y

Ta)
-
' t /
<
ay:
;
.
,

Aboutthe Bottome of the Straights are gathered great Quantities of | Experiment:
Sponges, which are gatheredfrom the fides of Rocks, being as it were a|S°lary, tour
large, buttough, 2/o//e. Itis the more to be noted, becaufethat there be | Grnar) of
butfew Subflances, Plant-like, that srow deepe within the Sea ; Forthey | Spgs.
are gathered fometimes fiftcene Fathome deepe; And whentheyare laid) 702

Aa2, on}

—— een a eine ———__-—_

em oe

182 Naurall Fiftory:

re) MM! sds ON
on Shoare, they feeme to be of great Bulke ; But crufhed together, will}
be tranfported ina very {mall Roome. ”

Experiment Iefeemeth, that Fi/s, that are vfed to the Salt-Water, doe neuctthe-
Solitary tou- | Jeffe delight morein Fre/s, Wee fee, that Salmons, and Smelts, loueto
oa oa get into Riners, though it be againft the Streame, At the Hausen of Con-
Waters. fiantinople, you fall haue great Quanstzties of Fifh that come from the
703 Euxine-Sea ; that when they come into the Fre/b Water,doe inebriate and
turne vp their Bellies; So as you may take them with your Hand.I doubr,
there hath not beene fufficient Experiment made of Putting Ses-Fifh into
Frefh Water, Ponds,and Pooles. \tisa Thing of great Vie, and Pleafure :
For fo you may have them new at fome good diftance from the Sea: And
befides, it may be, the F#/h will eat the pleafanter, and may fall to breed :
Andit is faid that Colche/ter Oyfters, which are putinto Pits, where the
Sea goeth andcommeth, (but yet fo, that there is a Fre/b Water com-
ming alfo tothem, when the Sea voideth,) becomeby that meanes Fat-

ter, and more Growne,

Experiment The Tarkifh-Bow giueth a very Forcible Shoot ; Infomuch as it hath
ae beene knowne, that the Arrow hath pierced a Steele Target, or a Peece
by Similitude | Of Braffe oftwo Inches thicke : Butthat whichis more ftrange, the Ar-
of Subpance. | row, if itbe Headed with Weed, hath beeneknowne to pierce thorow a
704 | Peece of Wood, of eight Inchesthicke. And itis certaine, that wee had
in vfe at one time, for Sea-Fight, fhort Arrowes, which they called
Sprights, without any other Heads, faue Woedtharpned ; which were
difcharged out of A¢wskets, and would pierce thorow the Sides of Ships,
where a Budet would not pierce. But this dependeth vpon one of the
greateft Secrets inall Natwre ; Whichis, that Similitwde of Sabftance will
caufle Attraction, where the Body is wholly freed from the Motion of
Grauitie : For if that were taken away, Lead would draw Lead, and Gold
would draw Gold, and Jren would draw ren, without the helpe of the
Load-Stone. Butthis fame Motion of Weight or Grauitie, (which is a meere
Motion of the Matter, and hath no Affinitie with the Forme, or Kinde,) |.
doth kill the other Moties, except it felfe be killed by a violent Motion ;
Asin thefe nffances of Arrowes ; For then the Motion of Attraction by
Similitude of Subftance, beginneth to fhew it felfe. But wee fhall handle
this Pointet Nature fully in due Place.

- agge They haue in Turkey, and the Es/?, certaine Confections, which they
Sine cine Call Seruetts, which areliketo Candied Conferwes ; Andaremade of Ss-
Drinkes inTur- | gay and Limoms, or Sugar and Citrons, or Sugar and Yiolets, and fome
hey. | other Flowers 3 And fome Mixture of Amber for the more delicate Per-
7°95 fons ; And thofe they diffolue in Water, and thereof make their Drinke,
becaufe they are forbidden Wine by their Law, But I doe much maruell,
that.no Engli/bman, or Dutchman, or German, doth fet vp Brewing in Con-

frantinople ; Confidering they haue fuch Quantitie of Barley, For as fi

the

——— Sh
—

ee

(Century. VIII.

the generall Sort of den, Frugalitie may be the Cau/e of Drinking Water,
| Por chat itis no {mall Saving, to pay nothing for ones Drinke : Buethe
better Sort mought well be at the Coft. And yer I wonder theleffeat ic,
becaule I fee France, Italie, or Spaéne, haue not taken into vie, Beare, or
Ale, Which (perhaps) if they did, would better both their Healths,and
their Complexions. Itis likely it would be Matter of great Gaineto any,
j that (hould begin itin Zwrkey, cet

| In Bathing in Hot Water, Sweat (neuerthelefle) commeth riot in the | Experiments
| Parts vnder the Water, The Cau/eig ; Firlt, for chat Sweat isa Kinde of |" eos
(Colliquation, And that Kinde of Colliquation is not made, either by an | Ys"
| Ouer-Drie Heat, or an Ower-Moif? Heat. For Ower-Moiffwre doth fome- 1
| whatextinguilh the Heat ; As wee fee that euen Hot Water quencheth
, Bire : And Ower-Drie Heat {hutreth the Pores : And therefore Aven will
' fooner Sweat couered before the Sanne, or Fire, thanif they ftood Na-
_ked; And Earthen Bottles, filled with Hot Water, doc prouoke, in Bed, a
Sweat more daintily, than Bricke-bats Hot, Secondly, Hot Water doth|
| caule Euaporation from the Skim ; So as it fpendeth pe Matter, in thofe|
| Parts vnder the Water, before it iflueth in Sweat, Againe, Sweat com- |
meth more plentifully, if the Heat be increafed by Degrees, than if it be |
greateft at firft, or equall. The Cau/e is, for that the Pores are better ope- |
ned by a Gentle Heat, than bya more Fie/emt 5 And by their opening the |
Sweat iflueth more abundantly. And therefore PAy/itians may doe well, |
when they prouoke Sweat in Bed, by Bossles, with a Decaction of Swdori-
ke Herbs in Hot Water, to make two Degrees of Heat in the Bottles; And |
to lay in the Bed, the /e/fe Heated firft, and after halfe an Houre the more |
Heated,

Sweat is Salt in Tafte; The Caw/é is, for that, that Part of the Nourifb-
ment, which is Fre/b and Sweet, turneth into Bloud, and Flehh ; And the
Sweat is only that Part which is Separate,and Excerned, Bloud allo Raw
hath fome Saltwe//e,more than Fleth ; becaufe the Afimilation into Fle/h,

| is not without alittleand {ubtile Excretion from the Blowd,

Sweat commeth forth more out of the /pper Parts ofthe Body, than
the Lower; The Res/omis,becaufe thofe Parts are more replenifhed with
_ Spirits ; And the Spéritsarethey that put forth Sweat: Befides, they are |
‘lefle Flefby, and Sweat iffueth (chiefly) out of the Parts that are lefle

Plefhy,and more Dry ; Asthe Forebead, and Breaft.

Men Sweat more in Sleepe, than Waking ; And yet Steepe doth rather
ftay other F/x.xions,chan caufethem ; As Rheames, Loofeneffe of the Body,
&c. The Caw/eis, for that in Sleepe, the Heat and Spirits doe naturally

_mouc inwards, and there reft. But when they are collected once within, |
the Heat becommeth more Violent, and Irritate ; And thereby expelleth
Sweat, 5 Sent
Cold Sweats are (many times) Mortall,and neere Death ; And alwayes
Ill, and Sufpected ; Asin Great Feares, Hypochondriacall Paffions, &c.. he
Canfeis, torthat Cold Sweats come by a Relaxation or Forfaking of the
Spirits,

ed

y
|

707

708

799

710

Naturall Fiiftory:

Spirits, wherby the Meifture of the Body, which Heat did keepefirme in
thé*Parts; fenereth, and iffueth out.
| lilin'thofe Difea/es, which cannot be difcharged by Sweat, Sweat is ill,

has atid rather to be ftayed ; As in Difeafes of the Langs, and Fluxes of the
Belly.; But in thofe Difeafes, which are expelled by Sweat, ic eafeth and]
lightaéth;'As tw Agues, Peftilences, &c. TheCan/eé is, for that Sweas in|
the Latter Sort is partly Criticall, and fendeth forth the Asatéer that of-
fendeth; But in the Former, it either proceedeth from the Labour of
the\Spirits, which fheweth them Oppteffed ; Or from Motion of Confent, ;
when Watwre notable to expell the Qs/eafe, where it is feated, moueth
toian Expal/ion indifferent oucr all the Body, a
abate: The Nature of the Glo-worme is hitherto not well obferued. Thus
Eh raghtie oie much we fee; That they breed chiefly in the Hotte/? Moneths of Summer ;
wore. And that they breed not in Champaigne,but in Bufhes,and Hedges. WV het-
712 |, byt may be conceiued, that the Spérit of them is very fine, andnot to

be refined, but by Swmmer Heats : And againe, that by reafon of the
Fineneffe it doth cafily exhale. In Ztaly, and the Hotter Cowntries,there is |
a Fly they call Zaccéole, that fhineth as the Glo-worme doth ; And it may
be’ is the Flying Glo-worme But that Fly is chiefly vpon Fens, and Marri-
fhes, But yerthe two former Ob/feruations hold ; For they arenot feene,
butin the Heat of Summer ; And Sedge, or other Greene of the Fens,giue
as good Shade, as Bufhes, It may be the Glo-wormes of the Cold Countries
ripen not fo farre as to be Winged,

The Pafiows of the Minde, worke vpon the Bedythe Jmprefions
following. Feare caufeth Palemeffe ; Trembling; The Standing of the
Haire uprights Starting ; and Skritching, The Paleme//e is caufed,for that
eae the Blowd runneth inward, to fuccout the Heart. The Trembling is cau-
Mindemake | f€d, for that through the Flight of the Spirits inward, the Outward Parts
vpon the Body. | are deftituted, and not fuftained. Standing Vpright of the Haire is caufed,
713 for that by the Susting of the Pores of the Skin, the Haire that lyeth a-
floape, muft needs Rife. Starting is both an Apprehenfion of the Thing fes-
red; (And, in that kinde, itisa Motion of Shriacking; ) And likewile an
Tiquifition,in the beginning, what the Matter fhould be; ( Andinthat
kindeitusia #éotion of Erection; ) And therefore, when a Man would li-
{ten fuddenty to any Thing, he Starteth ; For the Starting is an Erection
of the Spirits to attend. Skritching is an Appetite of Expelling that which
‘| fuddenly ftriketh the Spirits : For it muft be noted, thatmany Motions,
though they be vnprofitableto expell that which hurteth, yet they are
Offers of Nutare, and caufe Motions by Confent , As in Groaming, orCrying
| Vpon Paimés >”
Griefe and Paine caufe Sighing ; Sobbing ; Groaning , Screaming ; and
Roaring 5 Teares: Diftorting of the Face; Grinding of the Teeth ; Sweating.
Sighing is caufed by the Drawing in of a greater Quantity of Breath to te-
frefh the Weare that laboureth: like a great Drawght when one is thirfty.
Sobbing

714

Sobbing is che fame Thing ftronger. Grosning, and Screamiag; and Roa-
ring.ore cauled by an Appetite of Expal/iow,as hath beene faid: For when
the Spirits cannot expell the Thing that hurceth, in their Strife to doit,
by Mocion of Confent, they expell the Voice. And this is, when the Spirits
yeeld, and giue ouer torefift; Forif onc doe conftantly refitt Paine, he
will not groane. Teares are caufed by a Contraction of the Spsrits of
the Braine ; Which Contraé#ion by confequence aftringeth the Motflure
of the Braéne, and thereby fendeth Teares into the Eyes. And this Con-
sracTiow, ot Compre/iton caufeth alfo Wringing of the Hands ; For Wring-
sug is a Geflure of Exprefiion of Moiftwre, The Diftorting of the Face is
eaufed by a Contention, firg to beareand refift,and then to expell; Which
maketh the Parts knit firft, and afterwards open, Grinding of the Teeth
is caufed (likewife) by a Gathering and Serring of the Spirits together to
refift; VWhich maketh the Teeth alfo to fec hard oneagainft another,
Sweating is alfo a Compound Motion by the Labour of the Spirits, firtt to
refift, and then to expell,
Joy caufeth a Chearefulueffe,and Figaur in the Eyes; Singing ; Leapings| 715

Dancing; And fometimes Teares, All thefe are the Effects of the Dilsta-

| tion, and Comming forth of the Spirits into the Outward Parts ; Which

maketh them more Ziwely, and St: « We know it hath beenefeene,

that Exceftwe Sudden Toy, hath cauled Prefent Death, while the Spirits did

{pread fo much, as they could not retire againe. As for Teares, they are

the Effects of Gomprefitow of the Moiffwre of the Braime, vpon Dilatation

of the Sprrsts.For Remar pee of the Spirits worketh an Exprefiton of the

Moifiare of the Braswe, by Confent, as hath beene {aid in Griefe, Bur then

in Joy, it worketh it diuerfly vz. by Propulfion of the Moi/ture, when

the Spirits dilate, and occupy more Roome, :

Anger cavfeth Palene/fe in fome, and the Geing and Comming of thes
Colour in Others: Alfo Trembling in (omc; Swelling ; Foaming at the
Mouth; Stamping ; Bending of the Fit. Palene(fe, and Going, and Com-
ming of the Colours are caufed by the Burning of the Spirits abdut the
Heart, VWVhichto refreth themfelues call in more Spirits from the Ovt-
ward Parts, And if the Palene//e be alone, without Sending forth the Co-
lowr againe, it is commonly ioyned with foine Feare ; Butin many there
isno Palenefe at all, but contrariwife Redweffe about the Cheekes, and
Gills; VW hich is by the Semding forth of the Spirits inan Appevite to Re-
wenge. Trembling in Anger is likewife by a Calling in of the Spirits; And
iscommonly, when Anger is ioynedwith Feare, Swelling is caufed both
by a Dilatation of the Spirits by Ouer-Heating, and by a Liquefaction or
Boylseg of the Humours thereupon, Foaming at the Mouth isfrom the
fameCas/e, being an Ebulision, Stamping, and Bending of the. Fif, are
caufed by an Jmagimation of the Ad of Rewenge. ciiguat o

Light Difpleafure or Diflike, caufeth Shaking of the Head 5 Frowning,
and Knitting of the Browes.Thefe Effects arife from the fame Canfes that
Trembling, and Horrowr doe; Namely, ftom the Retiring of the Spsrits,
but in a leffe degree. For the Shaking of the Head isbuta Slow and

‘|. Definite

718

719

720

721

| orédt'vehebrency, onely by Tickling fome Parts of the Bady : And wefee

N aturall Fiiftory:

ee eee eee
Difinite Trembling ; And isa Gefwre of Slight Refu/all: And we fee alfo,
thata Diflske cauferh ( often ) that Gefure of the Hand, which wee vie;
when werefufe a Thing, or warneitaway. The Frowning,and Kiting
bf the Browes, isa Gathering, ot Serring of the Spirits, torefiftin fome
Meafure: And wefee alfo, this Knitting of the Browes will follow vpon:
earneft. Studying,’ or Cogitation of any Thing, though it bee without
DURES IG CRN | t.

Shame caufeth Blafhing ; And Casting downe of the Eyes. Blafhing is
the Refort Of Blowd to the Face; Which in the Paffion of Shame is the
Part that laboureth moft. And although the Blufbing will be feene in the
whole Brea/, if it be Naked, yet that is but in Paflage'tothe Faced.
As for the Casting downe of the Eyes, itproceedeth of the Reweremce a
Man beareth to other Men; Whereby, when he is afhamed, he cannot
endure to looke firmely vpon Others: And we fee that B/u/hiag, and the
Ca/ling downe of the Eyes both, are more when we come before Many ;
Ore Pompey quid mollius ? Nunquam non coraws pluribus erubuit : And like-
wife when we come before Great,or Rewerend Perfons.

Pity caufeth fometimes Teares; And a Flexion or Cai of the Eye
afide, Teares come from the fame Caufe that they doe in Griefe : for Pity
is but Gréefe in Anothers Behalfe, The Caff of the Eye isa Gefure of A-
uerfion, ot Loathneffe to behold the obied# of Pity. shat soy

Wonilér carifeth A/fonifhment, or av Immoueable Poftwre of the Body ;
Caiting vp of the Eyes to Heawen; And Lifting vp of the Hands, For Affo-
nifbment, itis caufed by the Fixing of thé Minde vpon one Obiedt of Cogi-
tation; Whoteby it doth not {patiate and tranfcurre, as it vfeth :: For in
Wonder the Spirits fly not, as inFeare; But onely fettle, and are made

|Icffeapt tomoue, As for the Ca/fing vp of the Eyes, and Lifting vp of
the Hand, itis Kinde of Appeale to the Deity ; Which is the Awthour,
by Powerand Prouidence, of Strange Wonders. IO 17

hing caufeth a Dilatation of the Mouth, and Lips; A Continued
Bapidten of the Breath, with the loud Noi/e, which maketh the Juter-
iection of Laughing ; Shaking of the Brea/t, and Sides; Running of the Eyes
with Water, if itbe Violent, and’Continued. Wherein firftit is to be
vnderftood,that Laughing is {carce (propertly) a PafSion, but hath ‘his
Sotiree ftom the Intellect ; For in Lawghing there euer precedeth a Con-
ceit of {otHewhat Ridicwlous.And therefore it is Proper to Mas. Second-
ly, tharthe Caa(é-of Laaghing is buta Light Teach of the Spirits, andnot
fo deepe an /mprefionas in other Pafions. And therefore, (that which
hachnoogpiwity with the Pafsiens of the Minde,) it is moued) and thatin

thav Mantuicn in a Grvéwed State of Minde, yet cannot fometimes for-
beare Laughing. Thirdly, it is euerioyned with fome ay oe Delight :
And therefore Bxhilaration hath fome Affinity with Joy, though it be a
RACH LAeer Motion : Res feuera ef? verum Gandium, Fourthly, thacthe
Obie OF Ibis Deformity, Abfurdity, Shrew d Twrnes, and the like, Now to
fpeake ab theean/es of the Effec?s before mentioned, whereunto se
wtitaibe ie Genera

ee et na

General Notes ziue {ome Light, For the Dilatatiqn of the Moath and Lips,
‘Continued E xpulfien of the Breath and Voice, and Shaking of the Brea/? and
\Sides,they proceed (all) from the Dilatation of the Spirits ; Efvecially be-
ling Sudden. So likewife, the Rumning of the Byes with Water, (as hath
‘beene formerly touched, where we fpake of the Teares of Joy and Griefe,)
isan Effect of Dilatation of the Spirsts, And for Swddenne/fe, it is a great
Part ofthe Matter : For we fee, that any Shrew d Twrne that lighteth yp-
jon Another; Or any Deformity, Sc. moueth Langhter inthe Inftants
\Whichaftera little time itdoth nor. Sowe cannot Laugh at any Thine
icy it is Stale, but whileft itis New : And euen in Tickling, if you Tickle
the Sides,and giue warning ; Or gine a Hard or Continued Touch, it doth
not moue Lexghter fo much,

| L£aiF caufeth a Flagrancy in the Eyes; and Priapifme. The Can/e of
both thefe is, for that in Za/?, the Sight, and the Toach, are the Things
idefired: And therefore the Spirits refort to thofe parts, whch are mot
affe&ed, And note well in general, ( For that great Vfe may be made
of the O4/ersation,) that (euermore) the Spirits, in all PafStons, refort
imoft to the Parts, that labour moft, or are moft affected. As in the laft,
lwhich hath been mentioned,they refort to the Eyes,and Venercous Parts:
[In Feare, and Auger, to the Heart : In Shame to the Face: And in Light

Diflikes to the'Head,

Ithath beette obferued by the Ancients,and is yet beletued,that the

Sperme of Drunken Men is Vafrustfall. The Cau/é is for that it is Ower-met-

ened, and wanteth Spiffitude. And we hauca merry Saying, that they
that goe Dranke to Bed, get Daughters. |

Drunken Men are taken witha plaine Defed, or Deflitution in Volun-

\tary Motion, They Recle; They tremble; They cannot ftand, nor fpeake
ftrongly. The Cau/e is, for that the Spirits ofthe Wine, opprefle the Spi-
vits Animall, and occupate Part of the Place, where they are; And fo
make them \Weake to motie.And therefore Dranken Men are apt to fall
afleepe: And Opiates, and Stupefactines, (as Poppy, Henbane, Hemlocke;
| 8&e.) induce a kinde of Dramkenne/fe, by the Groffene(fe of their Vapour ;
As Wine doth by the Quantity of the Vapour, Befides,they rob the Spirits
Animall of their Matter whereby they are nourifhed: For the Spirits of
the Wine prey vpn it,as well as they: And fo they make the Sger#s Icfle
Supple, and Apt to moue.

Drunken Men imagine every Thing turneth round, They imagine
alfo that Things Come upon them, They See not well Things a farre off ;
Thofe Things that they See meare hand, they See out of their Place; And
(fometimes) they fee Things double, The Canfé of the Imagination that
ac he Round, is, for that the Spirits themfeluies turne, being com-
prefled by the Fapowr of the Wine : (For any Liqnid Body vpon Compre/{i-
on, turneth, as we {ee in Water: ) And itis all one to the Sight, whether
the 7i/uall Spirits moue, or the Obiec# moucth, ot the Mediam moueth,

And we fee that long Tarsing Round breedeth the fame Imagination.
j Bb The

———— ee

(Century. VIIL | 187

Experiments
in Confort
touching Drane

kenneffe.
723
724

725

~~ a

33 Narurall Fiftory:

The caufe of the Imagination that Things come upon them,is,for that the
Spirits Vifuall themfelues draw backe 3; which maketh the Objed# feeme
tocome on; And befides, when they fee Things turne Round, and
Moue, Feare maketh them thinke they come vpor them, The Caafeo
thar they cannot fee Things 4 farre off, is the Weakne/fe of the Spirits ; for
in euery Megrim, or Vertigo, there is an Obtencbration ioyned witha Sem-
blance of Turning round; Which we {ee alfo in the lighter Sort of Swoa-
nings. The Canfe of Seeing things out of their Place, is the Refraction of the
Spirits Vifuall ; For the Vapour isas an Vrequall Medium; And itis, as the
Sight of Things, out of place, in Waser. ‘The Canfe ot Seeing Things don-
ble,is, the Swift and Vnquiet Motion of the Spirits, (being Oppreffed,)
to and fro; For, (as was {aid before.) the Motion of the Spirits Vifuall, and
the Motion of the Obiec?, make the fame Appearances ; And for the Swift
Motion of the Obied?, we fee, that if you fillip a Lute-Stving, it fheweth
a5 double, or Treble,
“ 726 Menare fooner Dranke with Small Draughts, than withGreat, And
a againe, Wine Sugred inebriateth lefle. than Wine Pure, The Cau/e of the
F ; Former is, for that the Wine defcendeth not {o faft to the Botteme of the
Stomach ; But maketh longer Stay in the Vpper Part of the Stomach, and
fendeth Yapours fafter to the Head, And therefore inebriateth fooner.
And, for the fame Reafon, Sops in Wine, ( Quantity for Quantity.) ine-
briate more, than Wine of it felfe, The Can/e of the Latteris, for that the
Sugar doth infpiflate the Spsrits of the Wine, and maketh them not fo

eafie to refolue into Vapour. Nay further, it is thought, to be fome Re}

medy againft Inebriating, if Wine Sugred be takenafter Wine Pare, And

P the fame Effet is wrought either by Oyle, or AMdike, taken ypon much
Drinking.
| " sere The /e of Wine, in Dry, andCon/umed Bedies, is hurtfull; In adoif,

ching the Helpe | 200 Full Bodies, it is good. The Cau/eis, for that the Spirits of the Wine
or Hut of | doe prey vpon the Dew, or Radicall Moifiure, (as they terme it,) of the
Pee ae Body, and fo deceiue the / mimall Spirsts. Butwherethere is Moifiures
| 72.7 | Enough, or Superfluous, there Wine helpeth to difgeft, and deficcate
the Moiffure. ae .

Experiment | __ ‘The. Catterpiller is one of the moft Generall of Pyormes, and bree-
ching case pile eth of Dew; and Leawes : For we fee infinite Number of Catterpillers,
leis. _which breed vpon Yrees, and Hedges ; By which the Leawes of the Trees,
728 or Hedges,are in great Part confumed ; As well by their Breeding out of

| the Leafe, as by their Feeding vpon the Leafe. They breed in the Spring
chiefly, becaufe then there is both Dew,and Leafe, And they breed com-
monly when the Ea/? Winds haue much blowne: The Canfe whereof is,
the Drine(fe of that Wind: For to all Finification vpon Patrefaction, it is
requifite the Matter be not too Moi/?: And therefore we fee, they haue

—————

on the Grewnd, whereupon, by Dew, and Swane, Copwebs breed all ouer,
\ We

Copwebs about them, which isa figne of a Slimy Drineffe: As wefeevp-| _

— ee

(Century. VA Lf. 180

We fecalfo the Greene Casserpiller breedeth in the Inward Parts of Ro-|,
fesefpecially not blowne,where the Dew fticketh:But efpecially Catter-

pillers, both the greateft,and the moft, breed vpon Cabbages,which:haue

aFat Leafe,and apt to Patrifie, The Catterpiller towards the Esd ot Sum:

mer waxeth Volatile, and turneth toa Butterfly, or perhaps fome other

Fly. Thereis a Catterpiller,chat hath a Farre,ot Dee vpon him,and fee-

meth to haue Affinity withzhe Silke-wermie, ; sho

The Flyes Cantharides are bred of a Worme, or Catterpsller, but pecus | Experiment
liar to certaine Frust-Irces ; Asare the Fig-tree, the Pipe-tree, and the ie ee
Wilde Briar ; Allwhich beare Sweet Fruits And Bruit that hatha kinde | cantharnides.
offecret Biting,or Sharpueffe:For the Fig hatha Afilkeinit,thatis Sweet,| . 729
and Corrofine: The Pine-Apple hatha Kernell thatis Strong and, Abjfter-
fie : The Fruit of the Briar is faid to make Chéldren, or thofe that Ear
them, Scabbed. And therefore, no maruell though Castharides haue {uch
a Corrofine,and Cauterizing Quality; For there is notany other of the Jn-

(es, butis bred of a Duller Matter. The Body of the Cantharides is bright
coloured ; Anditmay be, that che delicate-coloured Dragon-Flies,may
haue lixewifefome Corro/iae Quality. *

Lafitade istemedied by Bathing; ox Arndinting with Ogle, and Warme | Experiments
Water The Cau/fé is for that all Lafitwde is a kindeol Contu/ion, and Com- a cron
prefiton of the Parts; Arid Bathing,and Apnointing giuca Relaxation, OF | ince.
Emollition: And the Mixture of Ople, and Water, is betrer thaneither of} 53
them alone ; Becaufe Water. Entreth better into the Pores, and @yle af-
ter Entry foftneth better.It isfound alfo,that the Takany of Tebacce doth
helpe and difcharge Léfitude, The Reafon whereofis, partly, becaufe by
Chearing or Corpforting ofthe Spirits, it opencth the Parts Compreffed,
or Contufed : And chictiy, becaufe it refrefheth the Spirits by the O-
piate Vertwe thereof; And fo difchargeth Wearineffe, as Sleepe likewife
doth. Maries’ ranitt boron bs!

_ In Going up a Hill, the Knees will be molt Weary ;In Going downea Hill,| 731
the Thighes. TheCan/eis, for thar, inthe Lift of the Feet, when a Man
Goeth vp the Hill, the Weight of the Bedy beareth moft vpon the Knees 5
And in Going dowae the Hill, vpon the Thighes, at
TheCajting ofthe Skin, is by the Ancients compared; co the Brea- | E*Priment
| king of the Secundine, ox Call; but not rightly : For that were to make ching the ¢a-
eulcry Casting of the Skin a New Birth: And befides, the Secundine is but 2
a generall Cower,not fhaped according to the Parts; But the Skis is hae | ern. cyeaurel
ped accordingto the Parts. The Creatures, that caft their Ska,are;The| — 732
Snake, the Viper, the Grafbopper; the Lizard, the Sake-worme,&c.. Thofe
that caft theit Shell, are ; The Lobjfer, che Crab, the Crafyh, the Hodman-
dod or Dedman, the Tortoife,8cc, The old Skins are found, but the Old
| Shells neuer: So as it is like, they {cale off, and crumble away by de-
| grees. And they arcknowne, by the Extreme Tenderaeffe and Befiell |
Bb 2 )

Experiments
in Confort
touching the
Poftures of the
Body.

733

734

735

Experiment
Solitary ,tou-
ching Peflilen-
Wak Ycearess

7 36

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Preg-
nofticks of Hard
winiers.

737

Naturall Fitftory:

a
of the New Shell; And{omewhat ly the Freflneffe ob the Cclour of it,
The Caufe of the Cafling of Skinjanc Shell, (hou'd {cere to be the great
Quantity of Matter 10 thofe Creatares, that is fit to make Skin, or Shell.
And againe, the Loofeneffe of the Skin, or S7eli,that ftickcrh vot cofero
the Fic, Foritiscertaine that it 1s the Aw Skin, or Shell, that’ pute
tech off the Old: Sowe {ee that in Deere, itis the Youwg Horne, that put
teth off the Old; And in Birds, the Young Feathers put cf the Old: And
fo Birds, that haue much Matter for their Beake , caft their Beakes 5 the
New Beake Putting off the old. , ‘r

Lying, not Ered, but Hollow, whichis in the Making of the Bed 3 Or
withthe Legges gathered up, whichis inthe Pofime of the Body, is the
more Wholefome, The Reafon is; the bette: Comforting of the Stomach,
which is by that Ic fle Penfile: And we fee, that in VW cake Stomachs, the
Laying vp of the Legs high, and the Knces alm« ft to the Meu thy hel-
peth, and comforteth, We fee alfo that Gally-Slawes, notwitl ftending
their Mifery otherwife,are commonly Fat ard Flefl-y; And the Reafon
ts, becaufe the Stomach is fupported fomewhat in Sittizng; Andis Pen-
file in Standing, or Going. And therefore, for Prolongatim ot Life, itis
good to choofe thofe Exercifes, where the Limbes moue more than the
Stomach, and Belly; Asin Rewing,and in Sawing being See,

Megrims and Giddineffe are rather when we &#/e, atter long Sitting,
than while we Sit, The Caw/e is, for tharthe Vapeurs, which were Ba-
thered by Sitting, by the Sudden Motion, fly more vp into the Head,

Leaning long \pon any Part maketh it Nwmme, and, as wee call it,

Afleepe. The Can/e is, for that the Cemprefizon of the Part tuffcreth not

the Spirits to hane tree Acceffe; And therefore, when wee come out
of ir, wee feele a Ssimging, or Pricking ; Which is the Re-ensrance of the
Spirits.

It hath beene noted, that thofe reares are Pefiilentiall, and Yawhele-
Some, when there are great Numbers of Frogs, Flues, Locufis, &c. The
Caufe is plaine s For that the-fe Creatures being engendred of Putrefacii-
on, when they abound, fhew a general! Dsfofitéon of the Yeare, and Con-
flitution of the Aire, to Difeafes of Putrefaciiom. And the fame Progno-
fitcke, (as hath beene {aid before,) holdcth, if you finde Wormes in Oake-
Apples, Forthe Conftitution of the Aire, «ppeareth more fubuilly,in any”
of thefe Things, than to the Senfe of Avan, é

Itisan Obferuation amoneft Country-People,that Yeares of Store of
Hawes and Heps,doe commonly portend Cold Wint:rs; And they afcribe
‘it to Gods Promidence, that, (as the Scripture faith ) reacheth even to the
Falling of a Sparrow, And much more is like to reach to the Pre/ermats-
on of Birds in {uch Seafows, The Waturall Caufeallomay be the W ant ot
Heat, aud Abundance of Moifture,in the Summer precedert; WW hich pure
teth forth thofe Fraits, and muft necds leave great Onawtity of Cold Va-

Weare SS pours,

| (Century. VIII,
a not difipate ; Which caufeth the Cold of the Winter following.

They hauein Turkey, a Drinke called Coffs, made of a Berry of the
fame Name, as Blacke as Soot, and of a Strong Sent, but not Aromatical ;
Vents they take, beaten into Powder, in Water, as Hot as they can
drinke it: And they take it, and fitatit, in their Coffa-Hou/es, which are
likeour Tasernes. This Drinke comforteth the Braine, and Seart, and
helpeth Di/ge/fion, Certainly this Berry Coffa ; The Root, and Leufe Be-
tel ; The Leafe Tobscco ; And the Teare of Poppy, (Opinm,) of which the
Tarksare great Takers, ({uppofing it expelleth all Feare;) doeall Con-
denfe the Spirits, and make them Strong, and Aleger, Bur it emeth
they are taken after feuerall manners ; For Coffa and Opium are taken
downe ; Tobacco but in Smoake ; And Betel is but champed in the Mouth,
with alittle Lime, Ic is like there are more of them, if they were well
found out, and well corrected. Quare of Henbane-Seed; Of Mandrake ;
Of Saffron, Root, and Flower; Of Felium indum ; OF Amber-grice; Ot
the Affjrian Amomum, if it may be had ; And of the Scarlet Powder,
which they call Kermez; And (generally) ofall fach Things, as de in-
lebriate, and prouoke Sleeve. Note that Tobacco is not taken in Roor, or
Seed, which are more forcible euer than Leawes.

The Turkes hauea Blacke Powder, made of a Mineral called Alcohole ;
Which with a fine long Pencill they lay vnder their Eye lids, Which doth
colour them Blacke; Whereby the prbite of the Eye is fet off more white.
With the fame Powder they colour alfo the Haires of their Eye-l:ds, and
of their Eye-browes, which they drawihto Embowed arches. You (hall
finde that Xenophon makcth Mention,that the Medes v(ed to paint their
Eyes. The Turkes vle with the fame Ténc#ure, to colour the Hatre of their
Heads and Beards Blacke: And divers with vs, that are growne Gray,
and yer would appeare Young, finde meanes to make their Haire blacke,
by Combingir, (as they fay,) with a Leaden Combe, or the like. As for
theChine/es, who are of an ill Complexion, (being Oliuafter,)they paint
their Cheekes Scarlet ; Efpecially their King, and Grandes. Generally,
Barbarons Pesple, that goe Naked, doe not ontly paint Themfelues, but

pownceand raze their Skinne, that the Paiating may not be taken
forth; And make icinto Works. So doethe Weft Indians ; And {0 did
the Ancient Pic¢s, and Brtttons » So that it feemeth, 2m would haue
the Colours of Bird. Feathers, if hey could tell how 5 Or at leaft, they will
haue Gay Skias, in ftead of Gay Cloathes;

“+

Itis ftrange, thatthe 7/2 of Bathinz, asa Part of Diet, is left. With
the Romans, and Grecians, it wasas vfwall, as Eating, or Sleeping : And
foisitamonglt the Turkes at this day: Whereas with vs it remaineth but
asa Part of Phyficke. lamof Opinion, thatthe Vie of it, as ie was with
the Romans, was hurtfull to Health; For that it made the Body Soft,and
eafie ro Wafte, For the Zwrkes it is more proper, becaufe that their a

Sr ing |

$A

191

Experiment
Solitary rou-
ching Medi-
cines that Con-
denfe, and Re-
lene the Spirits.

738

Experiment
Solitary, tous
ching Paintings
of the Body.

739

Experiment
Solitary, rou-
ehing the /é
of Bathing and
Annoiating.

740

192 | Naturall Hiftory:

ee Se Do ein) De en
king Water, and Feeding vpon Rexe, and other Food of fmall Nourifh-
ment, maketh their Bodies fo Solide, and Hard, as you need not feare
that Bathing fhould make them Froathie, Belides, the Turkes are great
Sitters, and feldome walke; Whereby they Sweat lefle, and need Bathing
more.But yet certaineit is, thar Bathing, and efpecially Annoimtiag, may
be fo vfed, as it may be a great Helpe to Health,and Prelongation of Life.
But hereof we fhall fpeake in due Place, when we coine to handle Expe-
riments Medicinal.

Experiment The Twrkes haue a Pretty Art of Chameletting of Paper, which is not
Solitary,tou- | withysin vie. They take diuers Oyled Colours, and put them feuerally
Dae chane- | (in drops) vpon Water ; And ftirre the Water lightly ; And then wer their
ayes Paper, (being of fome Thicknefle,) with it; And the Paper will be Wa-
ie ued, and Veined, like Chamolet, or Marble,

Experiment It is fomewhat ftrange, thatthe Blowd of all Birds, and Beaffs, and
hia | Fifhes, (hould be ofa Red Colour, and only the Blowd of the Cassie fhould
ie beas Blacke as Inke. A Man wouldthinke, thatthe Can/e fhould be the
742 High Concoction of that Blond; For wee fee in ordinary Puddings, that the
Boyling turneth the Blond to be Blacke ; And the Custle is accounted a de-

licate Afcat, andis much in Requeft,

aa Iris reported of Credit, thatif you take Earth, from Land adioyning
ching Encreae |tothe Rewer of Nile; And preferueit in that manner,that it neither come
ofwexitin | tobe Wet, nor Wafted ; And Weigh it daily, ic will not aleer Weight
oat vntill the feuenteenth of J#ne, which is the Day whenthe. Réwer begin-
743 neth to rife; And thenit will grow more and more Pomderous, till the Xé-
wer commeth to his Heighth. Which if it be true, it cannot be caufed,
but by the Aire, which then beginneth to Condenfe 3 And fo turneth
withinthat Small Afould into a degree of Moi/lare ; Which produceth
Weight. So it hath beene obferued, that Tobacco, Cut, and Weighed,
and then Dried by the Fire, lofech Weight ; And after being laid in the
open dire, recouereth Weight againe, And it fhould feeme, that as foone
as euer the Réwer beginneth to increafe, the whole Body of the dire there-
abouts fuffereth a Change: For (that whichis more ftrange,) itis cre-
dibly affirmed, that vpon that very Day, when the Rewer firft rifeth,

great Plagues, inCairo, vfe fuddenly to breake vp.

Experiments Thofe that are very Cold, and efpecially in their Feet, carmot get to
- ote Sleepe, The Caufe may be, for that in S/eepe is required a Free Refperation,
Sleape. & | which Cold doth fhut in, and hinder : For wee fee, that in great Co/ds, one

744 |can{carcedraw his Breath, Another Cas/é may be, for that Cold calleth
the Spirits to fuccour ; And therefore they cannot fo well clofe, and goe
together in the Head ; Which is euer requifite to S/eepe. And for the
fame Cau/e,Paine, and Neife hinder Sleepe ; And Darkwefé (contrariwife)
furthereth Sleepe, a

Some

i Mee s i

(Century. VAIL.

. Some Noifes (whereof wee fpake in the 142, Experiment ) helpe|
|Sleepe ; As the Blowing ofthe Wind, the Trickling of Water, Hamimine of |
Bees, Soft Singing, Reading, &c. TheCaw/e is, for that they moue in the!
Spiritsa genele Attestion,; And what{oeuer moueth Attention, without|

|

too much Labour, ftilleth the Naturall and difcurfiue Motion of the|
Spirits.

E sinppeliiierb, or at leaft preferueth Bodies, a long time, without
other Aosrifbment. Bea/?s that {leepe in Winter, (as it is noted of Wildes
‘Beares,) during their Sleep wax very Fat, though they Eat nothing, Bats
/haue beene found in Ouens, and other Hollow Clofé Places, Matted
‘one ypon another ; And therefore itis likely thaccthey Sleepe in the bin.
ter time, and eat Nothing, Quare,whether Bees doe not Sleepe all WWin-
ter,and fpare their Homey? Butterflies, and other Flies, doe npt oncly
Sleepe, but lye as Dead all Winter ; And yet witha little Heat of Sanne,or
Fire, reuiue againe, A Dormoufe, both Winter and Summer,will Sleepa>
fomie dayes together, and eat Nothing.

To reftoreTeeth in Age, were Magnale Nature. It may be
thought of. But howfocuer the Nature of the Teeth deferucth
to be enquired of, as well as the other Parts of Lining Crea-

tures Bodies. -
/ (Phere be Fiue Parts in the Bodies of Lining-Creatares,thatare of Hard
Swhflance ; The Skult; The Teeth; The Bones, The Hornes; and the Nailes.
The greateft Quanity of Hard Subftance Continued, is towards the
Head, For there isthe Skallof one Entire Bone; There are the Teeth
There are the Maxillary Bowes; Thereis the Hard Bone, that is the Za/lrn-
ment of Hearing; And thence iffue the Hornes :So that the Building of
Liwing Creatures Bodies, is like the Building of a Timber-Honfe, where the
Walls, and other Partshaue Columnes, and Beames; But the Roofeis, in
thebetter Sort of Hou/es,all Tile,or Lead,or Stone.As for Birds,they haue
Three other Hard Sub/tances proper to them ; The Bill, which is of like
Matter with the Teesh ; Forno Birds haue Teeth: The Shell of the Ecge:
And their Quills : For as for their Sparre, it is buta Naile. But no Lé-
reatwres, that haue Shells very hard ; (As Oyffers, Cockles, Mu/fles, |
Scallops, Crabs, Lobjters, Cra-fifh, Shrimps, and efpecially the Torta/e,)
hau Bones within them, but oncly little Gri/tles,

Bones, after full Growth, continue ata Stay:And fo doth the Skull :
Horncs, in fore Creatures, are caft; and renued: Teeth ftand ata Stay
except their Wearing : As for WVailes,they grow continually : And Bills
and Beakes will ouer-grow, and fometimes be caft; as in Eagles, and
Parrots. Via soy

Moft of the Hard Subjtances fly to the Extremes of the BodyzAs Skull,
Aornes, Teeth, Natles, acid Beakes : Onely the Bones ave more Jaward,and
elad with Pleh, As forthe Bnerailes, they are allwithout Bowes; Sauc

_ |thata Bone is (fometimes) tound in the Heart of a Stag; Andit may be
in fome other Creature. . Th

&

193

74S

Experiments
in Conferr,
crouching Teeth
and Hard Sub-
flances in the
Bodies of Lining
Creatures.

wal

Fo

|

75°

751

hia

753

754

755

756

:

194. | Natural Hiftory :

aa ma am EE
| The Skw!l hath Braines, as a kinde of Marrow, within it, The

| Back- Bone hath one Kinde of Marrew , which hath an Affinity with |-

ithe Braine; And other Bones of the Body haue another. The Jaw-Bones
i haue no Marrow Seuered, buta little Pulpe of Marrow diffufed. Teeth
\likewife are thought to haue a kind of Marrow diffufed, which cau-
| feth the Sen/e,and Paine : Bur it is rather Sznmew; For Marrow hath no
| Senfe; Nomore than Bloud, Horne is alike throughout; And fois the
| Watle,

| None other of the Hard Sub/lances haue Senfe, but the Teeth: And
the Teeth haue Sen/e, not onely of Paine, but of Cold.

But we willleawe the Enquiries of other Hard Subftances, vato their
fenerall Places; And now enquire onely of the Tecth,

The Zeeth are, in Men, of three Kindes : Sharpe, as the Fore-Teeth ;
Broad, as the Back-Teeth,which we call the Molar-Teeth,or Grinders, And
Pginted-Teeth,or Canine, which are betweene both.But there haue beene
fome Aéen, that haue had their Teeth undinided, as of one whole Bone,
with fome little Marke in the Place of the Diuifions As Pyrrhus had,
Some Creatures haue Ower-long, or Out-growing Teeth, which wee call
Fangs, or Tuskes; As Boares, Pikes, Salmons, and Dogs thoughleffe,Some
Liuing Creatures haue Teeth again{t Teeth; As Men,and Horfes; And
fome haue Teeth, efpecially their Ma/fer-Tecth, indented one within An-
other, like Sawes; As Lions ; And fo againe haue Degs, Some Féfhes haue

diuers Rowes of Teeth in the Reofes of their Mouthes ; As Pikes, Salmons, | .

Trosts, &c, And many more in Salt-Waters, Snakes, and other Serpents,
hauc Venomous Teeth; which are fometimes miftaken for their Sting,

No Beaft that hath Hornes, hath ¥pper Teeth; And no Beaff, that
hath Teeth aboue, wanteth them below: But yet ifthey be ofthe fame
kinde, it followeth not, that if the Hard Matter goeth not into Ypper
Teeth, it will goe into Bornes ; Nor yet @ conser/o; For Doe's, that haue
no Hornes, haue no Vpper Teeth.

Horfés haue, at three yeares old, a Tooth put forth, which they call
the Colts Tooth; And at foure yeares old therecommeth the Mark-Tooth,
which hath a Hole,as big as you may lay a Pea(e within it;And that wea-
reth fhorter and fhorter, euery yeare ; Till that ateight yeares old, the
Tooth is {mooth, and the Hole gone ; Andthen they fay ; That the Marke
% out ofthe Horfes Mouth, . Sy,

The Teeth of Aten breed firft, when the Childe is about a yeareand
halfe old: And then they caft them, andnew come about feuen yeares
old, But diuers haue Backward-Teeth come forthat Twenty, yea fome
at Thirty, and Forty. Quare of the manner of the Comming of them
forth. They tella Tale of the old Counteffe of De/mond, wholived till
fhe was feuen-{core yeares old, that fhe did Dentire, twice,or thrice;Ca-
{ting her old Teeth, and others Comming in theit Places. . Mi

Teeth are much hurt by Sweet-Meats; And by Paimting with Mercury;
And by Things Ouer-het; And by Things Ower-cold,And by Rhenmes. Abd

c

the Paige of the Teeth, is onc of the fharpeft of Paines.

} ) Concerning

—

Century. VIII.

Concerning Teeth, thefe Things areto be Confidered, 1, The
Preferning ofthem, 2, The Keeping of them Hite. 3, The Drawing of
them with Lea/? Pate, 4. The Staying and Ea/ing of the Tooth-ach.5 The
Binding in of Artificisl Teeth, where Teeth haue beene ftrucken out.
6. And lift of all, chat Great One, of Re/foring Teeth in Age. The In-
frances that giueany likelihood of Refloring Teeth in Age, are ; The Late
Comming of Teeth in fome; And the Remewing of the Beakes in Birds,
which are Commateriall with Teeth, Quere therefore more particular-
ly how that commeth. And againe, the Renewing of Hernes. But yet
thachath nor beene knowne to haue beene prouoked by Art; Therfore
let Trial be made, whether Horwes may be procured to grow in Bea/fs
that are not Horned, and how? And whether they may be procured to
come Larger than vfuall; As to make an Oxe, ora Deere, haue a Greater
Head of Hornes ? And whether the Head of a Deere, that by age ismore
Spitted, may be brought againe to be more Branched ; For thele Trials,
and the like, will thew, whether by Art fuch Hard Matter can be called,
and provoked, Itmay be tryed alfo, whether Bérds may not haue fome
| thing doneto them, when they are Young, wherby they may be made to

haue Greater, or Longer Balls ; Or Greater and Longer Talloms ? And whe-

ther Children may not haue fome We/h, or Something to make their

Teeth Better, and Stropger? Coral is in vfeasan Helpe to the Teeth of

Children,

a
et tee:

Some Liwing Creatures gewerate but at certaine Ses/ans of the Teare,

As Deere, Sheepe, Wilde Conneyes, 8c, And moft Sorts of Birds, and
Fifoes : Ochers at any time of the Yeare,as Men ; And all Domefficke Crea-
tures; As Horfes, Hogges, Dogges, Cats, 8c, The Caufe of Generation. at
all Sesfens feemeth to be Fwlneffe: ForyGenerstion is from Redundance.
This Falneffearifeth from two Cawfes; Either from the Nature ofthe
Creature, if itbe Hot, and Moi/?, and Sanguine; Os from Plenty of Food,
For the firlt, Mem, Hor/es, Dezges,Sec, which breed at all Seafons,are full
of Heat, and Mifare; Dones arc the fulleft of Heat and Moifivreamongtt
Birds, and therefore breed often; The Tame Dowe almoft continuall y- But
Déere area Melancholy Dry Creature, as appearethby their Fedrefulve (/e;

| and the Hardseffe of their Fle/h, Sheepeare a Cold Creature,as appeareth
| by their Atildneffe, and for that they feldome Drinke, Moft fort of Birds
j are‘ofa dry Subfance in comparifon of Beafts.Fifoes are cold, For the fe-
| cond CasfeyPulne(fe of Foed ; Men, Kine, Swine, Dogs, &c. feed full ; And
| we fee chat thofe Creatures, which being Wilde, genetate feldome, being
Tame, generate often ; Which is from Warmth, and Fwlue/fe of Foed. Ve
. finde, tharthe Time of Going to Rat of Deere is in September's For that
, they need the whole Ssimmers Feed and Gra(fe, to make them fit for Ge,
| aeration, And if Raine come Earcly about the Middle of September they
goe to Ratfomewhat the fooner ; If Drought, fomewhat thelater. So.
| Sheepe, in refpedt of their fall Heat, generate.about the fame time, oF
| fomewhat before. But for the moft part, Greatares that generate at ccr-
pe TS Ce taine

Experiments
in Confort,

touching the
Generation and |!
Bearing of Le-
wing Creatures

in the Wombe.

758

759

760

Y

' Experiments
|in Conferr,
‘touching Spe-
cies Pifible.

761

1 Naturall Hiftory :

Daa eee
taine Seafons, generate in the Spring ; As Birds, and Fi/hes; For that the
Endof the winter, and the Heat, and Comfort of the Spring prepareth
them: There is alfo'another Xea/on,why fome Creatures generate atcer-
taine Seafons : And that is the Relation of theit Time of Bearing, tothe
time of Generation: For no Creature goethito generate, whileft the

Femdle is full; Norwhileft thee is bufie in Sitting or Rearing her Young,| -

And theretoreit is found by Experience, that if you take the Egges, or
Toung Ones, ourofthe Weaf's of Birds, they will fall to generate againe,
three or fonre times, one after another, ise

Of Living Creatures, fomeare Longer time in the Wombe, and fome
Shorter, Women goe commonly nine Afoneths ; The Cowand the Ewen
about fix Moneths; Doe's goe about nine Moneths; ares eleven
Moneths ; Bitchesnine Weekes ; Elephants are {aid to goc two Yeates ;
For the Receiued Tradition of ten Yeares is Fabulous, For Birds there is
double Enquiry ; The Défance betweene the Treading or Coupling, and
the Zaring of the Eeges And againe betweene the Agee! Layed, and the
Difclofing or Hatching. And amongft Birds,there is lefie ‘Dimerfity of Time,
than amoneft other Creatures; yet fome there is: For the Henfitteth
but three Weekes; The TwrkysHem, Goofe,and Dacke,aMoneth:Qware
of others," The Caufe of the great Difference of Times, amongft Liming
Creatures, is,Rither from the Natwreot the Kinde ; Orfrom the Conit#te-
tion of the Wombe, For the former, thofe that are longer in Comming. to
their Maturity ot Growth,are longer in the Wowsbe ; As is chiefly feeve in
Men; Aiid fo Elephants which are long in.the Wembe, are long time in

| Comming’tortheir ful lGrewth. Burin moftother.Kindes, the Cenfitwsion
>| of the Womibe; (that isjthe Hardne/fe or Drineffethereof,) is concurrent
8) with the former caw/é) For the:Col/t hath about foure yeares of Growsh
af And fthelrawne 5 Andfothecaife, But Whelps, whichcome to their

| Growth*(eommonly ) within three Quarters; of a yeare,are bucnine

Weekes ii'the Wombe. As for Birds, as thereisilefle Diuerfiry, amongtt

them {in the time of their Bringing forth; So. thereis lefle Diuerfity in
the time of theit Growth; Moft of them comming totheir. Growth with-
iS TWwelue-Monethy!s 20% see Por solo boo sioloyses bee ews
Some Creatures Bring forthmany Young Onesava Barthen 5: fs Bit-
éhes,: Hives ;Conneyes;8cc. Some (ordinarily) \hut One 5, Asivomen, Lite
neffes, Be) This may becaufed; either :by the Qnantity of Sparme requis

admit pteater Nuimber ; If moresfewer: Qrbythe Partitions and

of the Wombe| which may feucr'the'Sperme, aywined slods tacks 9skbw
) oY Jka} o3\\vale® brag ieww mon 2i roi VV ; note ststsnsa sant
|. <l?T heteds nodonbtibur Light by Refraction will fhevi gnéarer,aswell
| as*YhinesColaured. For like as a Shilling sin the Betsomme'of cht Water,will
fhew onuneiny Sowill 4 Candleina'Lanthernve, in the Bottemerot she ee

PWarer to wake the’ FP" ComieBut Tam not yer informed, whether

DOSS Backe;

red to'tlit Preducing One of that Kinde} whichuf defle ok ;

RF, Habe hcurdofaPraase;that Gle-wormesin Glafeswereporinshe |

ee a ee

When Dimer Ditiethy hating hiskyes open, and fwimmieth vpon:his }
>

(Century. VALI.
Backe; whether (I fay) he feeth Théngs in the dire greater,or leffe,For it
is manifeft, chat when the Eye ftandech in the Finer Medinm,and the Ob.
ief is in the Grofer, things thew greater; But contrariwife, when the
Eyeis placed in che Greffer Medinm, and the Ose in the Fier, how it
worketh I knew not,

It would be well boulted out, whether great Refractions may not be
made vpon Reflexions, as well as vpon Direc Beames,Bor Example,We
fee that take an Empty Bafen,putan Angell of Gold, or what you will,into
it; Then goe fo farre from the Ba/es, till you cannot {ce the Angell, be-
caufe itis notin a Right Line; Then fillthe Ba/en with Water, and you
fhall fee it out ofhis Place, becaufe of the Reflexion, 10 proceed there-
fore, put a Looking-Gla/fe into a Bafen of Water ; [tuppofe you fhall not
feethe Image in a Right Linc, or at equall Angles, butafide, I know nor,
whether this Experiment may not be extended fo, as you might {ee the
Image, and not the Glaffe; Which for Beauty, and Strangene//e, were a
fine Proofe : For then you fhould fee the Jmage hike a Spirit 1 the dire,
As forExample, It therebe aCefterne ot Poole of Water, you {hall place
ouer againft it.a Picture of the Dewill,or what you will,fo as you doe not
fee the Water. Then puta Looking-Glafe in the Water: Now if you can
fee the Dewills Picfure afide, not leeing. the Water, itwilllooke like a De-
sillindeed, They haue an old Tale in Oxford, that Friar Bacom walked

betweene two Steeples: Which was thought to be done by Gia//es,when |

hewalked vpon.the Ground,
cA bom: Belo Mud
A PeiehtyBody putinto Motion, is more cafily impelled,thanat firft
en eset he Canfeis, Partly becaufe Metien doth difenffe the
Torpour of Solide Bodies ; Which befide their Motéon of Grawity, haue in
them a Watwrall Appetite, not to moueatall; And partly becaufe a Body
thacrefteth,doth get,by the Re/i/tance of the Bedy vpon which it refteth,
aftronger Compreffion of Parts, than ithath of itSelfe: And therefore
needeth more Force to be put in Motion, For if a Weighty Body be Pen-
file, and hang but by a Thred, the Percu/fion will make an Impulfion very
neareas cafily;as ifitwere already in Motion,

A Body Ouer-great, or Oner-/mall, will not be throwne fo farre, as a
| Body of a Middle Size : So that (it feemeth) there muft be a Commen/u-
| ration, ot Proportion, betweenc the Body Mowed, and the Force, to make it

moue well, The Caufe is, becaufe to the /espulfien, there is requifite the
Force of the Body that Moueth, and the Refiftance of the Body that is Mo-
wed: Anditthe Body be soo creat, it yeeldeth too little; Andifit be zoe
Small, it refitteth too little, inibeney o3 jon jouottut b
It is Common Experience, that no Weight will prefic or cut fo ftrong;
being laid vpon a Body, as Falling, or ftrucken from aboue. It may be
the Aire hath fome part in furthering the Perewfier: But the chicfe\Can/e
I take to be, for that the Parts of the Body Mowed, haue by Jmpalfion, ot
by che cMotion of Grauity continued, a Comprefsion in them, as well down-
wards, as theyhauc when they are throwne, or Shot thorow the are,
| 03g: Ce2 forwards,

197

Experiments
if Conor, <4)
‘touching: Im-*
palfionand Per-

CH.

753

75$

198 | 3 —— NCawwrall Hifi:

Solitary, tou-

Solitary, tou-
é aes

~ | forwards) I conceiue alfo, that the quicke Loofé of that Motion, preuen-
“teth the Refi/fance of the Body below; And Priority of the Foree,(alwaies,)
| isof great Efficacy; Asappearethin infinite Imflances.) 0

Tickling is moft in the Soles of the Feet, and vnder the Arme-Hales,
and on the Stdes, TheCaufe is, the Thinne/fe of the Ske in thofe Parts:
Joyned with the Rareneffe of being touched there, Fotall Tickling isa
light Motion of the Spirits, which the Thinne/e of the Skin, and Sadden-

| néffe, and Rareneffe of Touch, doe further: Forwe fee,a Fedther,ora Rufh,
drawnealong the Lip, or Cheeke, doth tickles Whereas 2 Thing more
obtafe,or a Touch more Hard,dothnot, And for Suddenneffe; VVei fee
‘no Man can tickle himfelfe: Wee fee alfo, that the Palmeof the Hand,
though ithathas Thinne a Skin, as the other Parts Mentioned,yerisnot
Ticklifhy becaufe itis accuftomed to be Touched. Tickling alfo caufeth
Laughter, The Cawfe may be, the Emifsen of the Spirits, and fo of the
Breath, by a Flight from Titillation; F or vpon Tickling, we fee there is euer|
a Starting, or Shrinking away of the Part, to auoid its And we fee alfo,

that if you Tickle the Noftorills, with a Feather, or Straw, it procureth
Sneezing ; VWhichiis.a Suddes Ewsiffion of the Spirsts, that doe like:
wife expell the Moi/fure. And Tickling is cuer Paintull, andnot well en-

dured, ° 0) sal HyohT: shoobai Worx

. V4 ove

For Waters well Concocted vapour not fo much,as Waters Raw;No mote
than Waters vpon the Fire doe vapour fo,much, after fome time of Boy-
ling, as atthe firft, And it is true,jchat the Water of Nilws is {weeter than
other Waters in Tafte And itis excellent Gaod for the Stone, and Hy-
pochondriacall Melancholy ; Which fheweth itis Lenefying > And it run-
ncth thorow a Coumtrey of a Hot Climate, and flav, without Shade, éither
of Woods, or Hills; VWWhereby the: Swase muft needs. hauegreat' Power
to Concoéf it, As for the Aire,.(ftom whencelconceiuethis' VVantiof
Showers commerh chiefly; ) The Cas/émuft be for that the ire isjof
it felfe, This and Thir/lys And as fooneaseuerit gettethahy Moifares |
from the Wuter, it imbibeth, and diffipateth itin the whole body ofthe |
Aire; And fuffereth it not toremaine in Vapour; Whereby iv might |
, breed Réiné. aaMy'H or ere 1 nema Dal J
es co@v bin! enisd

ee | \oLphath bene touchedin thie Tale ofsttercolesions; (Namely fach-as |

ching Clarifica. | MeTmmavds,) ‘thar the Whites of Begs, and Milke; doeclarifie’; Andivis

cértaine, that in egypt, theyprepate and clarifiethe Water of Wile; by

768 | putting it into great Zarres Of Stone, and Stiming/it about with afew

a —

Stamped

‘(Centnng. VILL

‘Stamped Almonds ; Wherewith they alfo befmeare the Mouth of the
‘yefell; And {o draw it off, after ic hath refted fome time. It were good,
‘ro trie this Clarifying with Almonds, in New Beere, or Muff, tohalten, and
iperfect the Clarsfymng. :

_. There be fearceto be found any Vegetables, chat haue Branches, and

no Leawes3vexcept you allow Corall forone. But there is alfoin the De-
| farts ot S, Macario in «Aigypt, a Plant whichis Long, Leauelefle, Browne
lof Colouryand Branched like Coral, fauc thaticelofeth atthe Zap, This
‘being ferin:turer within. Hou/e, {preadeth and:difplayeth frangely; Aud
the Peoplethereabouts haue a Superftitious Beleefe, thatimthe Labour
of Women, ithelpeth ta che Baste Deliwerance, 0. va

0 The Cry/talline Venice Glaffe, is reported to be a Mixture, in equall
Portions, ofSeones, brought from Panis, by the Riwer Ticinums And the
Afbes of a Weed called by the Arats Kall,-which is gathered in a Defart
betweene Alexandria and Re/etta ; And is by the e£gypitans vied firlt
for Fuel! ¢ Andthen they cruth the 4/hesinto Lumps, like a Stone ; And
fofell themrothe Venetianstor their GlafJe-workes. D083

risftrange, and well to be noted,how long Carkaffes haue continued
Vucorrapt, and in their former Dimenjions ; As appeareth inthe Mum-
woes of «2g 7pt' Hauing lated, as: is conceived, (fome of them,) three
thoufandyeeres. Ivistruc, they finde Meanesto draw forth the Brazwen,
and to take forth the Entrailes, which are the Parts.apteftto corrupt. But
thatis nothing to the Wonder : For wee fee, whata Soft and Corrupti-

Subtancethe Flefb, of all the other Parts of the Body, is. Bucit fhould
feeme, thataccording to our 0b/ermation, and .4xiome, inrour hundredth

of Bodies, is buean Accident 5 Andthat Matter maketh notchat Hafte to
Corruption, that isconceiued, And therefore Bodies, in Shiming- Amber ;
In Quicke-Siluer ; In Balmes, (whereof wee now fpeake;) In Wax ; In
Honey 5 lw Gammes ; And (it may be) in Confermataries of Snow ; &c. are
preferued very long, It need not goe for Repention, if werefume againe
that which wee faid in theaforelaid: Experiment, concerning. Annihila-
tien’, Namely, that if you prouideagainft three Caufes of Putrefaction,
Bades will norcortupt: Phe Firftis, charthe srebe excluded; For that
vaderminerh the Body, and con{pivethwiththe,spirie of the-Body to dift
folucit, The Second issthacthe Body Adiacent and Ambient be not Com-
materiall, but meerely Heterogeneall towards the Body that is to be
preferued : For if Nothing can be receiued by the One, Nothing can if
fue from the Other;Suchare Quick-Sulwer, & White- Amber to Herbs,and
Blieés andfuch Bodies, The Third isythatthe Body to bevpreferued, be
notoftharGrefe, chat it may corraprwithin it felfe, although noPart |
ofiziflueinto the Body Adiacent : Andtherefore it muft be rather Thinne,
and Smsll;chan of Balke. There is:a Fourth :Remediealfoy which iss
omnis That

199

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Plants
without Leaves

769

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Ma-
trials of Glaffe.

779

Experiment

Solitary tou-

ching Prshibi-
tion of Putrefa-
étion, and the
Long Conferua-
tion of Bodies,

ve AL

Experiment, Patrefaciios, which weconceiue to be fo Natural a Period |-

RS EE ee eee

- 200. aa” = Noawdiiey: Hiflory:
That if the Body to be preferued be of Balke, asa Corps is, thenthe Body.

that Inclofeth it, muft hauea Vertue to draw forth, and drie the Moifture
ofthe Jnward Body ; Forelfe the Putrefaction will play within, though
Nothing iffue forth, I remember Zéwy doth relate,thar there were found,

atatime, two Coffins of Lead, in a Tombe ; AVdeteot the one contained
the Body of King Nama ; It being {ome foure hundred yeates after bis,
Death: And the other,his Bookes of Sacred Rites and Ceremontes, andthe
Difcipline ofthe Pontifes And chat in che Cofftm that had the Body, there
was Nothing (at all) to be feene,buta little light Cimders about the Sides;

Butin the Coff#n that had the Bookes, they were found as fre(h, as if they
had beene burnewly Written ; being writtenin Parchment, and couered
ouer with Watch-Cawdles of Wax, three or foure fold. By this ic feemeth,

that the Romans, in Numa'stime, were not fo good Eenbalmers, as the
eAigyptians were 5 Which was the Cas/e that the Body was veterly con-
famed. But] findein Plutarch, and Others, that when Augu/tus Cafar
vificed the Sepulchre of Alexander the Great, in Alexandria, he tound the
Body to keepe his Dixsenfion ; But withall, that, norwithftanding all the
Embalming, (which no doubt was of the beft,) the Body was fo Tender,
as Ca/far touching but the Wofe of it, defaced ic. Which maketh mee
finde it very ftrange, that the Egyptian Mummies {hould be reported to be
as Hard as Stone- Pitch : For I finde no difference but one 5 Which indeed
may be very Marteriall; Namely, that the Ancient e&gyptiau Mummies,
were fhrowded ina Number of Folds ot Lénnen, bef{meared with Gums,
in manner of Seare-Cloth; Whichit doth not werent was Ah rsa “es
| onthe Body of Alexander,

4

epost | Nearethe Caffle of Catie, and bythe Wells of Affan, in a Lund oO!
ching Rea. | Idumaca, a great Part ofthe Way, you would thinke the Ses were neare
burdance of Ni- | hand, thoughit bea good diftance off: Anditis Nothing, but the Sé7-
bch, (om of the Nitre, vpon the Sea-Saads ; Such Abandamce of Witrethe

772 Shores there doe put forth, .
Experiment The Dead-Sea, which vomiteth vp Bitumen, is of Shanta eda as

{Sclary, tou | Léaing Bodies bound Handand Foot, caftintoit, haue beene borne vp;
thot areborae | and nor funke. Which fheweth; that all Sinking into Water, is but an

Jupby water. | Qyer- “Weight of the Body, putintothe Water, inre{pect of the Water : So

773 that you may make Wier fo ftrong, andheauy, of Qwicke-Silaer, (per-
haps,) orthe like, as may beare vp Zrow : Of which I feeno Vfe, but Im-
potture. Wee fee alfo, tharall aetalls, except Gold, for the fame aay
{wimme vpon Qwicke-Siluer.

aaa Iris reported, that at the Foot of a Hill, neare the Mare mortuum,here

ane pai isa Blacke Stone, (whereof Pilgrims make Fires,) which burneth like a

thacewnfurseth | Codle, and diminifheth not ; But only waxeth Brighter, and Whiter.
Usle,or nothing: | Tharie (hould doe fo, is not ftranges For wee fee /row Red Hot burneth,

74 — |and confumeth not : Butthe Strangenefie is, that it fhould continue any

| time

“ ees i a

—————

; jit

| Sea-Coale laft longer than

“*) peewny

|\purpofely, and be made knowne, it is Saving,
adisg you! .yiesl © flea ont ete we 9/]
joel isjat this‘ Day, invfey in Gaza, tocouch Pés-Sheards of Ve/(els of
sin theindhls; togather the 44nd from the: op, anid to’ paffe it
|downe in Spouts into 'Raomes, Ivis a. Deuice tor Frefbne/fe,in sreat Heats:
| Annd it is {aids chere'arefome! Roomes in Italie, and Spaine; for Frefbne/fe,
| atherinawhe Winds, and Aire, inthe HeatsofSammer; Burrhey be
‘bat Peuningsotche Winds)and Enlarging them againe,‘andiimghing them
Reserbcrase, and poe ronndin Circles ratherchiawthisiDenite of Spouts in
the Hasijiciasgls) olis esas sd: baA ; ster ci svi dicomd ynicG
louralszc o7sqied ysm daidw .yifind asdweatci o:¢ (yy ofaald

thavinOrhersi Phey be noble Expersmenes, thay cary make this Di/co-
1; vi “Po
ai gated yd sak woe

, Experimene |

{| ching the Tri- |
‘| als of Aires.

a
1
F
2
3
=.
>
=
Jo
4
3
x
2
=
Eg
=

SE a

201 |
{

re

9| Experiment ~
Solitary Occe-
,

nomicall toi-
ching Cheage
Fuell, j

775

Experittient ©

Solitary, tous |
ching the’ Ga? §
thering Of Wind |
for Frehnelfe. ©

776

Solitary tou- —

“77

e187

8305 XT
“02 of) word

7
$36°

ching lacrea-

202
fiagof Milkein
Milch-Beafts.

778

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Sand of
the Nature of
Glaffe.

773

Experiment
Solitary, roux
chine the
Growth of
Coral.

780

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Ge-
shoving of
Barna.

781

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Cor-
veéhing of Wiwe.

782

| Neaturall Fiiflory: |

I

giue more Mike, Surely, there would be fome better Trialls made of |
Mixtures of tVater in Ponds for Cattell, tomake them more ilch ; Or to |
Fattesthem 3 Or to Keepethem from Murraine, Ic may be, Chalke, and |

Nitre, are ot che bef.

Iris reported, thatin the Valley, neare the Monntaine Carmel, iti Indes,
thereis a Sand, which, of all other, hach moft Affinitie with Glaffe 5 In-
fomuch as other Minerals, laid init, turne to a Glaffie Sub/lance, with-
out the Fére; And againe Gla/e putinto it, turneth into the Mether-Sand,
The Thingis very ftrange, it it be erue: Andit is likelicft to be Canled by
fome Naturall Fornace,or Heat inthe Earth: And yet they doe not {peake
of any Eruption of Flames, It were good to trie in Glaffe-Workes, whe-
ther che Crude Materials of Glaffe, mingled with Glafe, already made, and
Re-moulten,doe not facilitate che Makéng ot Glaffe with lefle Heat,

Inthe Sea, vpon the South. We/? of Sicilie, much Coral} is found. Icis
a Sub- Marine Plast, Ichath no Leawes : It brancheth only when itis vn-
der Water; It is Soft, and Greene ot Colowr ; But being brought into the
Aire, it becommeth Hard, and Shimag Red, as wee fee, Ir is faidalfo,
to hauca White Berry; But wee finde it not brought over with the Corall,
Belike it is caft away as nothing worth : Inquire better of it, for the Dif-
cou.ri¢ ofthe Natwre ot the Plant,

The Manna of Calabriais the beft, and in moft Plenty, They gather
it from the Leafe of the Mulberry Tree; Bur not ot fuch Mulberry Trees,
as grow inthe Valley's. And Mawna falleth vpon the Leawes by Night, as
other Deawes doe, Ir fhould feeme, that betorethofe Deawes come
on Trees inthe Valley's, they difipate, and cannot hold out. It thould
feeme alfo, the Mulberry-Leafe, it felfe; hath fome Coagulating Vertue,
which infpiflaceth the Deaw, tor that it is not found vpon other Trees :
And wee fee by the Silke-Worme, which fecdeth vpon that Leafe, what a
Dainty Smooth Jwyee it hath ; And the Leauesalfo, (efpecially of the
Blacke Mulberry,) ave fomewhat Briftly, which may helpe to preferue
the Deaw. Certainly, it were notamifle, to obferue a little better, the
Deawes that tall ypon Trees, or Herbs, Growing on Adonntaines 5 For, it
may be, many Deawes fall, that fpend before they come to the Kadeys,
And I fuppofe, that he that would gather the belt May-Deaw for Meds
cine, {hould gather it from the Hills, Oni

Teis faid, they have a manner, to prepate theit Grecke. Wines, to keepe
them from Fwrsing, and Inchriating, by adding fome Sulphur or Alone :
Whereof the one is Vnc7aons, and the other is Afringent.. And ceftaine it
is, that thofe two Natures doe beft reprefle Fumes,, This Experiment
would be tr nsferred, vnto other Wine, and Strong Beere, by Purting in
fomelike Sub/fances, while they worke 3 Which may make them both
to Fumelefie, and to nflame lefle, 1s aS

tik ¢%

Ie

ha ES ee

ee ara ae

’ (Century. VALI. 203

Ir is conceiued by fome, (nor improbably,) that the reafon, why | Expenmenc
| prilde-Fires, (VV hereof the principal Ingredient is Bitumen,) doc not ira ka
| quench wih Prater, is, forthat the firlt Coneretion of Bitumen is a Mix- phigDtor wild.
7 feere, ofa Eiery, and Watry, Subjfance : So is not Slpbur, This appeareth, | ***
for tha. inthe Péace neare Puteoli, which they call the Court of Vulcas,you 783
{hail beare, ynder the Barth, a Horrible Thundring of Fre, and Water,
con ficting together » And there breake forth alfo. Spats of Boyling Wi "
ter. Now that lace yeeldeth great Quantities of Bitumen ; Whereas
oHina, and, Fefueins, and the like, which confift vpon Sulphur, (hoot
forth Smoake,and Ajbes, and Pumice, butno Water. It is reported alfo,
that Bitwmen Mineled with Lime, and Put vnder Water, will make, as it
were, an Artificiall Rocke ; The Sw6/tance becommeth fo Hard,

There is'a Cement, compounded of Flowre, Whites of Egges, and Stome | Experiment
powdred, that becommeth Hard as Marble ; wherewith Pi/cina mirabilis, et Piatie
neare Cuma, is (aid to haue the Walls Plaftered. Anditis certaine, and | growing as
tried, that the Powder of Load-Stone,and Flint, by the Addition of Hara aia ie
Whites of Egges, and Guemm-Dragon, made into Pa/fe, willina few dayes| 7 84

hardeff¥o the Hardnefle of a Stone.

Tt hath beene noted by the 4acients, that in Full or Impure Bodies, | Experiment

picers ox Hurts in the Leggs, are Hard to Cure 5 And in the Head more| S07 0"
: ; 5 ching Iudge-

Eafie, The Can(e is, for that Vicers or Hurts in the Leggs reqhire Deficca- | ment of the
tion, which by the Defluxion ot Hamours to the Lower Parts is hindred ; | “7 infome
Whereas Hurts and Vicers in the Head require it not ; But contrariwife riage
Drine(fe maketh them more apt to Confolidate. And in Moderne Ob- 8
feruation, the like difference hath beene found, betweene French-Men, Tie
and Englifh-Men ; VWWhereofthe ones Con/litution is more Dry, and the
others more Moi/?. And therefore a Hurt ot the Headis harder to cure in

a French-Man, and of the Legge in an Engli/b- Man,

It hath beene noted by the Ancients, that Sowtherne Winds, blowing | Experiment
much, without Raine, doe caule a Fenourous Difpofition of the Yeare ; But pirat
with Raine, not. The Caufeis, for that Southerne Winds doe, of them- Healrofulneff
felues, qualifie the Aire, to be apt to caule Fewers ; But when Showers | ot abealthjul-
are ioyned, they doe Refrigerate in Part, and Checke the Sultry at ue
of the Southerne Wind, Thereforethis holdeth notin the S¢a-Coafts, bee 3 “
caufethe Vapour ofthe Sea, without Showers, doth refrefh, 7

Ee ee

It hath beene noted by the Aacients, that Wounds which are made | Experiment
with Bra{fe, heale more calily, than Wounds mace with Iron, ihe | Solitary, rou-
Caufe is, for that Braffe hath, init {elte, a Samatine Vertue 5 And fo in cae
the very Inftant helpeth fomewhat : But /romis Corrofive, and not Sa- 787
gative. And therefore it were good, chat the Inftruments which are
vied by Chirurgians about Wounds, were rather of Braffe, than Iron.

: In

in " Dd ry

204. i Natural Fiftory :

Expetiment In the Cold Countries, when Mens No/és,and Earesate Mortified and

Pe eae (as itwere) Gangrened with Cold, if they come toa Fire, they rot off

catiomby cold. | prefently. The Cau/e is, for that the few Spirits, that remaine in thofe

788. | Parts,are fuddenly drawne forth,and fo Putrefaction is made Compleat.

But Sow Put vpon them, helpeth ; For that it preferucth thofe spirits

that remaine, till they can reuiue ; And befides, Sow hath in ita Secret

Warmth : As the Monke proued out of the Text ; Qui dat Niwews ficwt Law}

nam, Gelw ficwt Cineres /pargit. VWhereby he did inferre, that Swe did}

warme like Wooll, and Frojt did fret like Afhes. Warme Water alfo doth

good; Becaufe by little and little it openeth the Pores, without any fud-

den Working vpon the Spirits {This Experiment may be transferred vn-

to the Cure of Gangrenes, either Comming of themfelues,or induced by

too much Applying of Opéates : Wherein you muft beware of Dry Heat,

and refort to Things that are Refrigerant, with an Inward Warmth, and
Vertue of Cherifhing, .

tara Weigh Jron, and Aqua Fortis, {euerally ; Then diffolue the Jvon in
ching weight the Aqua Fortis: And weigh the Di/folution ; And you thall finde it to
789 | beare as good Weight, as the Bodies did feuerally: Notwithftanding a
good deale of Watt, by a thicke Vapowr,that iffueth during the Working:

Which fheweth, that the Opesingof a Body, doth increafe the Weig be.

This was tried once, or twice, but I know not, whether there were any

Erroar, inthe Tréall.

a hei Take of Aqua-Fortis two Ounces,of 2 uick-/iluer two Drachmes;(For
D chine ab Sw: that Charge the 4qua-Fortis willbeare ; ) The Dé/olution will not beare
per-Natalion of |A Flint,as big asa Autmeg: Yet (no doubt) the Increafing of the Weight
wie of Water, will increafe his Power of Bearing s As we fee Broine, when it
799 | is Salrenongh, will beare an Egge, And I remember wella Phy/itian,
that vfed to giue fome Minerall Baths for the Gowt, &c, And the Bedy

when it was put into the Bath, could not get downe fo cafily, as in Or-

dinary Water. But it feemeth, the preight of the Quick-/iluer, more than

the Weight of a Stone; doth not compenfe the Weight of a Stome, more

than the Weight of the Aqua-Fortis,

Al iehuedias Let there bea Body of Vaequall Weight ; (Asof Woodand Lead, or
Y, tous ; : " ;
chingthe Fhing | Bove and Leads ) If you throw it from you with the Zight-End forward
of Vnequal Bo- | it will turne,and the Weightier End will recouer to be Forwards; Vnleffe
diesinthe dir.) the Body be Quer-long, The Cau/eis, for that the more Den/e Body,hath
79% — |.a more Violent Preffure of the Parts, from the firft Zwpulfien; Which is
the Ca#/é, (though heretofore not found out, as hath been often faid,)
of all Violent Motions : And when the Hinder Part moueth iwifter, (for
that it leffe endureth Preffure of Parts,)than the Forward Part can make
way for it, 1rrouft needs be, that the Body turne ouer: For (turned ) it
can more eafily draw forward the Lighter Part, Gallews noteth it well;
That ifan Open Trough, wherein Water is, be driuen fatter than the Water
can

—————— nS

Century. V VL

can follow, che Hater gathereth vpon an heape;towards the Hinder End,
where the Avotion begans Which he fuppofeth, (holding confidently
the Motion ot the Earth,) co be the Cau/e of the Ebbing and Flowing of the
"| Ocean; Becaufe the Barth ouer-runneth the Water.Which Theory,though
itbefalfe, yee the frit Experiment istrue. As forthe Inequality of the
Preffare of Parts, it appearcth manifeftly in this 5 That ifyou take a Body
of, Scene, or drom, and another of Weed,of the fame Macnitede,and S hape,
and throw them with equall Force; you cannot poffibly throw the
Wod,fo farre,as the Stowe, or Iran.» L:

7Ah He .

“Iris certaine, (as ichath beene formerly, in part, touched,)that 12-
ter may be the Mediums of Sounds. If you dath a Stone againft a Stone in
the Bottome of the Water, it maketh a Sound. Soa long Pole ftrucke vp-
onGrawell, in the Bettome of the Water, maketh a Sound, Nay, if you
fhould thinke that the Sowd commeth vp by the Pole, and not by the
Water, you thal’ finde that an Anchor, let downe by a Roape, maketh a
Sound; And yet the Roape is no Solide Body, whereby the Soand can
a

bas ’
.

“All obief¥s of the Sen/és, which are yery Offenfine, doe caufethe Spi-
ritsto retire ; And ypon their Flight, the Parts are'\(in fome degree) de-
ftitute ; And {6 there is induced in them a-Trepidation and Horrour, For
Soeyds, we feethat the Grating of a Sd, dt any very Har/h Noife, will fer
-|the sons I edge, and make all thé Baty Shiucr, For 7a/fes, we {ee that
in the Taking ofa Potion, or Pills, the Héad, atid the Necke fhake. For 0-
dious Smells, the like Effect followeth, whichis leffe perceiued, becaufé
there is aRemedy at hand, by eg bet Nofe ; But in Horfes, that
can vfe no fauch Help we fee the Smell of a Carrion, efpecial!y of a Dead
Horfe, maketh them fly away, and take on, almoftas if they were Mad.
For Feeling, if youcome out of thé Save, fuddenly, intoa Shade, there
followeth a Chilsdfé or Shivering iti il the Bedy. And cuen. in Sight,
which hath (in effe)no Odions Obiel#, Comming into Sudden Darkne/fe,

induceth an Offer to Shiner.

There is, in the City of Ticinum, in Italy, a Church, that hath VWin-
| downes onelyifrom aboue: Iris in Length an Hundred Feet,in Breadth
Twenty Feet,and in\Height neare Fifty;Hauingia Deore in the Middeft,
It reporteth the Voice, tweluc or thirteene times; if you ftand by che
Clofe End-Wall,joucr againft the Doore)The Eccho fadeth, and dyeth by
little and little, as the Ecché at Pont-charenton doth, And the Yoire foun-
deth,as if it came fromabowe rhe Deore. And if you ftand atthe Lewer
Ead, or on cither Side of the Doore, the Becho holdeth; But it yon ftand
in the Doore,.orin the Middef itt ouer:againft the Deore, not. Nore
that all Eccho’s found betten again Oldwalls, than New; Becaufethey
aremote Dry,and Hollow: Srmisisgic ; tive bag zibows
it Dd 4

———

Thofe

205

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching ater,
thar it may be
the Mediwmof
Sounds.

79%

Experiment
Solitary, of the
Flight of the
Spirits vpon O-
diows Obicéts.

793

Experiment
Solitary, tou-;
ching the Su-
per-Reflexion of
ECW Seo 5

By ok one

-_

206
Experiment
Solitary tou-

ching the Force | = : : 3 x
of lm gnation, | tion, Therefore if a Man fee another eat Soure or Acide Things, which

Tantating that
of the Sexe.

795

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Preferna-
tion of Bodies.

796

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the
Growth, or
Multiplying of
Metalis,

797.

Experiment

Solitary,tou- |

ching the
Drowning of
the more Bafe
Metallinthe
more Pretioxs.

798

Naturall Hiftory:

Thofe Efeds, which are wrought by the Percaffton of the Senfe,and
by Things in Fac#,are produced likewife,in fome degree, by the Jmsacina-

fer che Teeth on edge, this Obsec# tainteth the Imagination, So that hee| °
that feeth the Thing done by another, hath his owne Teeth alfofeton
edve. SoifaMan fee another turne {wiftly, and long; Or if he looke
vpon Wheeles that turne, Himfelfe waxeth Turne-ficke, So if a Man be
vpon au High Place, without Railes, or good Hold, except he bevfed to
it, he ts Ready to Fall : For Jesagining a Fall,it putteth his Spirits into the
very Aé#ion of a Fall.So Many vpon the Seeing of others Bleed,or Sérang-
led, ot Tortured, Themfelues are ready to faint, as if they Bled, or were

in Strifer.

Take a Stocke-Gilly-Flower, and tye itgently vpon a Sticke, and put
them both into a stoope Glaffe, full of Quick-filwer, fo that the Flower. be
couered : Then lay a little Weéght ypon the Top of the Glaffe, that may
keepe the Sticke downe; And looke vpon them after foure or fiue daies 3
And you fhall finde the Flower Frefh, and the Stalke Harder, and leffe
Flexsole, than it was, If you compare it with another Flower, gathered
at che fame time, it will be the more manifeft, This fheweth, that Bedies
doe preferucexcellently in Qusck-filuer; Andnot preferue only, bur, by
the Coldneffe of the Quick-filuer, Indurate ; For the Frefbneffe of the
Flower may be mecrely Con/erwation ; (whichis the more to be obfer-
ued ,becaufe the Qwick-filwer preffeth the Flower ;) But the Stiffenefe o
the Sta/ke, cannot be without /aduration,from the Cold (as it {cemeth,)
of the Quick-filwer.

It is reported by fome of the Ancients, that inCypras, thereis a
Kinde of Jrow,that being cut into Léttle Peeces,and putinto the Ground,
ifit be well Watred, will increéafe into Greater Peeces. This is certaine,
and knowne of Old; That Lead will multiply, and Increafe ; As hath
becne feene in Old Statua’s of Stone, which haue beene putin Cellrs;
The Feet of them being bound with Leaden Bands; VVhere (afteratime,) |
there appeared, that the Lead did fell ; Infomuch as it hanged vpon |
the Stone like Warts. ;

I call Drowning of Metalls, when that the Bafér Metal, is fo incor-

| porate with the mote Rich, as it can by no Meanes be feparated againe:

| which is a kinde of Yerfion, though Falfe: As if Silwer fhould be infep:

| tably incorporated with Gold ; Or Copper,and Lead,with Silwer, The An-

| cient Elec¢rum had in ita Fifth of Silwer to the Gold ; And madea cem- |
pound Metall, as fit for moft vies, as Geld; And more Refplendent, and
more Qualified in fome other Properties ; But then that was eafily Se-
parated, This to doe priuily, or to make the Compennd pafle forthe
Rich Metall Simple, is an Adelteration, or Counterfeiting: But if it be |
done Auowedly, and without Difguizing, itmay be a great ast |

the |

oe =

-Cenwurg.oV LL.

that a Fifteenth Part of Silver, incorporate with Gold, will not be Reco.
uered by any Water of Separation ; Except you put a Greater Quantity
of Silwer, to draw to it the Lefle; which (he faid) is the laftRefuge in se.

4rations, Bucthat is a tedious way,which no Man (almoft)will thinke
on. This would be berrer enquired; And the Quantity of the Fifteenth
turned to.a Ewentieth; And likewife with fome Irttle: wtdditionall, that
may further the Jutrin/ique Incorporation. Note that Siluer inGold willbe
detected by Weight, compared with the Dimenfion; But Lead in Siluer,
( Lead being the Weighsier Metall, ) will not be deteced ; If you rake
fo much the more Silwer, as will counteruailethe Oner-Weight of the
Lead.

Gold is the oncly Swb/Pance, which hath nothing in it Volatile, and
yet melteth without much difficulty. The Melting (heweth that itis nor
Ieiune, or Scarce in Spirit. So thatthe Fixiyg of it, isnot Want of Spi-
rit to fly out, but the Equall Spreading of the Tangible Parts, and the
Clofe Coacerwation of them: Whereby they haue the leffe Appetite, and
no Meanes (atall) toiffue forth. It were good therefore to try, \he-
ther Gloffe Re-moulten doc lecfe any Weight? For the Parts in Glajfe are
euenly Spred ; But they are not fo Clofeas in Gold; As we fee by the

Of which Three, the Two Firft may be ioyned with a Nature Liquefi-
able; The Laftnot.

Itis a Profound Coutemplation in Nature, to confider of the Empts-
weffe, (as we may call it,)or Jnfat isfaction of feucrall Bodies ; And of their
Appetite totake in Others, Aire taketh in Lights; and Sounds;and-Smells;
and Yapours; And it is moft manifeft, that ic doth it, with a kinde of
Thirft, as notfatisfied with his owne former Confiftence; For clfe it
would newer receiue them in fo fuddenly; amd cafily. Water, and all Z3-
quours, doe haftily receiue Dryand more Terreftriall Bodies, Proportio-
nable: And Dry Bedies,on the other fide,drinke in Waters,and Liquours:
Sothar, (as it was well faid sby one of the Amcients, of Earthy and Watry
Subflances,) One is 4 Glue to another. Parchment, Skins, Cloth, &c, drinke
in Liquours, choughthemfelues be Entire Bodies, and not Comminuted,as
Sand, and Afhes; Nor ap parently Porous : Metalls themfelues doe re-
ceiue inteadily Strong-Waters ; And S trong-Waters likewife doe readily
pierce into Afctalls, and Stones: And that § trong-Water will touch yp-
on Geld, that will not touch vpon Siluer; And 2 conuerfo, And Gold,

which

SESE Gao es
the Richer Metall, | remember to haue heard of a Man, skilfullin Metalls,

207

Experiment
Solitary tou-
clung Fixation
of Bocies,

725

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Reff- }
leffe Nature of
Things in
Themfélues, and
their Defirero |
Change.

S00

N aturall Fiiftor3:

oht. tobe the Clofeft, and mot Solide Body,
doth greedily drinke in QuickSilver, Anditfeemeth, that this Recepte
on of other Bodies, is notViolent: Foritis (many times) Reciprocal,
andias it were with Confent.: Of the Caw/é of this, and to what Axtome
it may be referred, confider attentively ; For as for the Pretty Af
fertion, that Matter is like a Common Strumpet, that defireth
all Kormses, itis but a Wandring Notion. Onely Flames
doth not content it felfe to take in any other Bo-
ay; But either, to ouercome and turne ano»
ther Body into it Selfe, as by Victo-
‘ ry 3 Or itSelfe to dye, and
goe out.

(a grt sisyree :
: ; ares re ya
7 '

a!

NATVRALL
Pero (anal...

;

Bi cashitiis ix. Century.

iT is certaine, that all Bodies whatfoe-
} uer, though they haue no Senfé, yet
} they haue Perception : For when one
bai Body is applied to another, there is a
Spiel; Kinde of Election, to embrace that
-which is:Agreeable, and to exclude
A] orexpell that which is Ingrate : And
wT ) whether the Body be Alterant, or Al-
tered, euctmorea Perception précedeth Operation : For elfe all
Bodies would be alike Oneto Another, And fometimes this
Perception, in fome Kinde of Bodies, is farre more Subtil] than
the Senfe ; So thatthe Senfe is but a dull Thing in Compari-
fon of it «Wee fee a Weather-Glaffe, will finde the leat diffe-
rence ofthe Weather, in Heat, or Cold, when Men finde it not.
And this Perception alfo, is fometimes at Diffance, as well as

She ARM Rt oa vpon

Experiments
in Conferr,

touching Per-
ception in Bodies
Infenfible , van-}
ding to Natural }
Diuination, or
Swbtill Trials.

| 22 | 4 Naturall Fiiftors:

801

iKnow the Caufes ; If you knowtheConcomitants ; you may
liudge of the Effect to follow: Andthe like may be faid of

\ Flame fireth Naphtha of Babylon, a great diftance off. de is
therefore a Subieét of a very Noble Enquiry, to enquire of the
|more Subtill Perceptions ; For it is another Key to open Na-
\ture, as well as the Senfe ; And fometimes Better. And be-
\ fides, itis a Principall Meanes ot Naturall Dinination ; For that}
| whichin thefe Perceptions appeareth early, in the great EF
fects commech long after. It is true alfo, thar ir ferueth to}
difcouer that whichis Hid, as wellas to foretell that which is
to Come ; Asicisin many Subtill Trials ; As to tie whether
Seeds be old, or new, the Senfecannot informe ; But if you
boile them in Water, the New Seeds will {prout fooner: And
fo of Water, the Taffe will not difcouer the belt Water ; But
the Speedy Confuming of it, and many other Meanes, which
we hauce herctoforefet downe, will difcouer ir. So in all Phy-
ognomy, the Lineaments of the Body will difcouer thofe Na-| -
turall Inclinations of the Minde, which Difimulation will con-
ceal-, or Di(cipline will {uppreffe. Wee.thall therefore now
handle only, thofe two Perceptions, which pertaine to Naiu-
rall Diuination, and Difcouery: Leauing the Handling of Per-
ception in other Things, to be difpofed Elfewhere, Now itis
true, that Diuination 1s attained by other Meanes ; Asif you

Difcoucry.; But weetie our Selues here, to that Diwination and
Difcouery chiefly, which is Caufed by an Early, or Subtill
Perception. ia

| The Aptneffe or Propenfion of Aire, or Water, to Corrupt
or Putrifie, (no doubr,) is to be found before it breake forth
into manifelt Effedts of Difeafes, Blaffings, ot thelike. Wee
‘will therefore fer downe. forhe Prognofticks of Peftilentiall
and VnwholfomeYeares. 22 160 W taka

The Wind blowing much from the Sowth, without Raine ; And
Wormesin the Oake- Apple; have beene fpoken of before. Alfo the Plenty
ot Fravs,\ Gxufhoppers, Flies, and’ the. like Creatures bred of Putrefaciion,
doth portend Peffilentiadl Yeares, iow

Great, and Early Heats inthe Spring, (and namely in May, ) without
Winds, portend the fame ; And generally fo doe Yeares with little Wind,
Or Tineaer, Great

Ee

(Century. 1X.

Great Dreuchis in Summer, lafting till cowards the Esd of Anen/f,and
ome Gentle Showres vpon them ; And then fome Drie Weather againe ;

portend a Pefflent Summer, the Yeare following : For abourche
d of Augu/f, allthe Sweetme/e of the Earth, which goeth into Plants,
d Trees,is exhaled ; (And much more if the 4ugu/? be dry) So that
othing then can breathe forth of the Earth, but a groffe Vapemr, which
is aptro Corrupt the Aire : And that Vapour, by the tirlt Showres, if they
Gentle, isreleafed, and commeth forth abundantly. Therefore they
hat come abroad foone after thofe Showres, are commonly taken with
ickneffe : And in Affricke, no Body will ftirre oucof doores, after the
fit Showres. But if the Showres come vehemently , then they rather
wath and fillthe Earth, than giue it leaue to breathe forth prefently, But
if Drie Weather come againe, then it fixeth and continueth the Corruption
ofthe Aire, vpon the firlt Showres begun; And maketh it of ill /afluence,
even tothe Next Summer ; Except a very Frojlie Winter difcharge it ;
Which feldome fucceedeth fuch Dronghts.

The Leffer Infections, of the Small Pockes, Purple Feuers, Agnes, in
the Summer Precedent, and houering all Wnter, doe portend a great
Peftilence in the Summer following ; For Pwtrefaction doth not rifeto his
height at once. | ~ . ott

Tewere gogd to lay a Perce of Raw Flelh, or Fifh; in the Open Aire ;
And if ic Putrefie quickly, it is a Signe of a Dipofition inthe Aire to Patre-
n. And becaufe you cannot be informed, whether the Patrefaction
beiguicke or late, except you compare this'Experiment with the like Ex-
periment in another Yeare, ic were notamifle, in the fame Yeare and at
the fame Time, to lay one Peece of Flefh; or Fifh, inthe Open Aire,-and.
another of the fame Kinde and Bignefle, within Doores : For Liudge,}:
that if a generall Di/po/it/on be in the Aire to Putrefie, the Flefh,‘or'By/h, |
will fooner Piitrefie abtoad, where the Aire hath more power, thanvin |
the Houfe, where it hath leffe, being many wayes corre&ted.» And this
Experiment would be made about the Ed of March : For that Ses/on is
ikeftro difcotter, what the Winter hath done ;' And what the Summer
following willdoevpon the aire. And becaufe the Aire (no doubt)
recejueth great'Tinc?are, and /nfafio’ from the Earth; It were good to
trie that Expojinz of Fle/h, o¥ Fifb, both vpon a Stake of Wed, fome
ighth aboye the Earth, and vpon the Flat ofthe Earth, 9...

Take 2. Dew, and fee whether it putrifie quickly, or noi? For that
likeWwife may-difeloferhe Ovualitie of the Aire, and: Kapour of the Earth,
more orlefleCérrapted, odet yorlzc} bat. ; wan sdagd aig
“A Drie Mitch, arid a Drie May, portend a Wholefome Summer, if there}
bea Showra April berweene : Burothérwile, it is aStene of'a Peftilem= |
Teaye Se OM jo: 101 myerstD batt ss etRt!
“As the Difconcrie of the Di/pofition of the Aire, is pood forthe Pre
ifticks of Woolefome, and Vawholefome Yeares', Soitis of much mare’
vfe, for the Choice of Placesto dwellin : At the léafty for Ledges; and Re-
string Places for Health ; (For Manfiew Houfes refpe& Prouifions, as well;

€ 2 as

a

803

804

805

a

807

808

214s | | -Naturall Hiftory:

809

§10

S15

| Briar. Berries, hath beene {poken of before. If Wain/coat, or Stone, that

as Health 5 Wherein the Experiments aboue mentioned may ferue,
But forthe Choice of Places, or Seats, it is good to make Triall, not
only of 4ptme/fe of sre to corrupt, but allo of the Moiftwre and Drineffe
of the Aire ; and the Temper of it, in Heat, or Cold ; For that may con-
cerne Health diuerfly, Wee fee that there be fome Hou/es, wherein Sweet
Meats willrelentjand Baked Meats will mould, more than in others; And
Wainfcoats will alfo {weat more ; fo that they will almoft run with Water:
All which, (nodoubt,) are caufed chiefly by the Aoiffneffe of the Aire,
jin thofe Seats, Butbecauleit is better to know it, before a 444 buildeth
| his Houfe, than to finde it after, take the Experiments following.

Lay Wooll, or a Sponge, or Bread, in the Place you would trie, com-
paring it with fome other Places ; And fee whether it doth not moiften,
and make the Wool, or Sponge, &c. more Ponderous, than the other?
And if it doe, you may iudge ofthat Place, as Situate in a Groffe, and
Moift Aire,

Becaufeit is certaine, that in fome Places, either by the Nature of the
Earth, or by the Sitwation of Woods, and Hills, the Aireis more Vnequall,
thanin Others; And Jmequalitie of Aire is euer an Enemy to Health ;
It were good to take two Weather-Glaffes, Matches in all things, and to
fet them, for the fame Houres of One day, in feuerall Places, where no
| Shade is, nor Enclofures : And to marke, when you fet them, how farre
the Water commeth ; And to compare them, when you come againe,
how the Water ftandeth then: Andif you finde them Ymequall, you may
be fure that the P/ace where the Water is loweft, isinthe Warmer Aire,
andthe other in the Colder. And the greater the Jmequalitie be, of the
Afcent, or Defcent of the Water, the greater is the Jnequalitie of the Tem-
per of the Aire, |

The Predictions likewife of Coldand Long Winters, and Hot and Drie
Summers, are good to be knowne; As well for the Di/couerie of the Can-
ses, as for diuers Prowifions, That of Plenty of Hawes, and Heps, and

haue vfed to Sweat, be more drie, in the Beginning of Wimter 5 Or the
Drops of the Eawes of Houses come more flowly downe, than they vie ; it
portendetha Hard and Froftie Winter, The Cau/éis, for that it fheweth
an Zuclination of the Aire, to Drie Weather ; which in Winter is eucrioy-
ned with Fro/?.

Generally, a A/oiff and Coole Summer, portendeth a Hard Winter. The
| Caafeis, for thatthe Vaponrs of the Earth, arenot diftipated in the Swz-
_mer, by the Sane, And fothey rebound vpon the Winter.
| A Hotand Drie Summer, and Autumac, and efpecially if the Heat and

Droughtextend farre into September, portendeth an Open Beginning of
Winter; And Colds to {ucceed, toward the latter Part of the Wauter, and
the Beginniogof the Spring : Fortill then, the former Heat and Drought
‘beare the Sway ; And the Yapours are not fufficiently Multiplied.
| An Opes and Ware Winter portendeth a Hot and Drée Summer : For
| the Papoursdifperfe into the Panter Showres 3 Whereas Cold and eat
28 ) eepet

ee

_ oo

banner them in, and tranfporteth them inte the late Spring,and Swmmer
ollowing.

Birds that vfe to change Countries, at certaine Sea/oms, if they come
Earlier, doe fhew the Temperature of Weather, according to that Country
‘whence they came: As the Winter-Birds, ( namely Woedcocks, Feldefares,
) ifthey come earlier, and out of the Northerne Countries, with vs
thew Cold Wiwters, And ifitbe in the fame Country, then they thew a
‘Temperature of Seafen, like vnto that Seafaw in whichthey come: As
Swallewes, Bats, Cuckooes, Xc. that cometowards Swmmer, if they come
learly, thew a Hot Summer to follow. :
| The Prognofficks, more Immediate, of Weather ta follow faone after,
are more Certaine than thofe of Sea/ons. The Refownding of the Sea vp-

onthe Steare ; And the Murmar of Windsin the Weeds,without apparent
Wind ; (hew tind to follow : For fuch Winds, breathing chiefly out of
the Earth, are not atthe firft perceived, except they be pent, by Water,
or Weed, And therefore a Murmur out of Cawes likewife portendeth as
much.
The Paper Regions of the Aire, perceiue the Coecion of the Matter
of Tempe(t, and Winds, before the ire here below : And therefore the
\obfewring of the Smaller Starresis a Signe of Tempefts tollowing. And
‘of this kinde you fhall finde a Number of sn/tewces in our Inquifition De
(Ventis,
| Great Mountaines have a Perception of the Di/pofition of the dire to
Fs apes fooner than the Valley's or Plaines below : And therefore they
a

in Wales, when certaine Hélls have their Night-Caps on, they meane

ifchiefe. The Cau/eis, for that Tempe/fs, which are for the moft part
bred aboue, in the Middle Region, (as they callit,) are foonelt perceiued
to collec in the Places next ir.

The Aire, and Fire, haue Subtill Perceptions of Wind Rijing, before
Men finde it. Wee fee the Trembling of a Candle will difcouer a Windthat
otherwile wee doe nor feele; And the Flexwous Burning of Flames doth
thew the dire beginneth to be vnquiet ; And fo doe Coales of Fire by
cane off the Ajbes more than they vile, The-Caw/e is, for that no Wind,
larthe firft, tillit hath ftrooke and driven the Aire, is Apparent to the
Senfe: But Flame iseafier to moue, than dire : And for the.dfoes, it is

nomaruell, though Wind vaperceiuied fhake them off ; For wee viually
trie, which way the Wind bloweth, by cafting vp Gra/fe, or Chaffe, or

| i Things, into the 4ére.
Whe nydadexpireth from vnderthe Sea; Asit caufeth fome Re/oun-
ding of the Water, (whereof wee {pake before,) foit caufeth fome Light
Motions of Bubbles, and White Circles of Froth, The Cau/eis, for that the
Wimd.cannot be perceiued by the See, -vntill there be an Eruption of a
great Ouantitic, from vnderthe Water ; And {0 it getteth into a Body :
Whereasin the firft Putting yp it commethin little Portions,
. Wefpake of the 4fhes,that Coales caft off; And of Graffe,and.chaffe
catried by the Wind; So any Light Thing thatmeoneth, when we finde -
“at Wind,

I

215

816

817

8I9

820

821

822

216

$23

824

825

$26

|

Naturall Fiiftory :

Wind, (heweth a Wind athand: As when Feathers, or Downe of Thiftles,
fly to and fro in the dire. .

For Prognofticks of Weather ftom Lining (reatures, itisto
be noted; That Creatures that Liuein the Open Aire, (Sub Did,)
mult needs hauea Quicker ImprefSion from the Aire,than Men
that liue moft within Doores ; And efpecially Birds, who liue
in the Aire, freeft, and cleareft ; And are apreft by their Voices
ro tell Tales, what they finde; And likewifeby the Motion of]
their Flight to expreffethe fame.

Water-Fowles, (as Sea-Gulls, More-Hens, cc.) when they flocke and
fly together, from the Sea towards the Shores; And contrariwife, Lana-
Birds, (as Crowes, Swallowes, 8c.) when they fly from the Zand to the
Waters, and beat the Waters with their Wings ; doc fore-fhew Raine, and
Wind. The Caafe is, Pleafure, that both Kindes take in the Mos/Ineffe, and
Denfity of the dire: And fo defireto be in Motion, and vpon the Wéng,
whither foeuer they would otherwife goe: For it is no Maruell,that W-
ter-Fowle doe ioy moft in that Aire, whichis likeft Water; And Lana-
Birds alfo, (many of them,) delight in Bathing, and Moiff Aire, For the
fame Reafon alfo, many Bérds doc proine their Feathers ; And Gee/e doe
gaggle; And Crowes fecme tocall vpon Raise: All which is but th
Comfort they feemeto receiue in the Relenting of the Aire,

The Heron, when {he foareth high, (fo as fometimes fhe is feene to
paffe ouer a Clond,) fheweth Winds : But Kites flying aloft,fthew Farrer
and DryWeather, The Caufe may be, for that they both mount moftin-
to the Aire, of that Temper, whercin they delight: And the Heres, be-
ing a Water-Fowle,taketh pleafure in the Aire, that is Condenfed : And
befides, being but Heauy of Wing, needeth the Helpe of the Grofer
Aire, But the K#e affe&eth not fo much the Groffenefl of the dire, as
the Cold and Fre(hueffe thereof; For being a Bird of Prey, and therefore
Hot, (he delightethin the Fre/b Aires And (many times) flyeth againft
theWind; As Tronts,and Salmons {wimme againft the Streame, And
yetitis:truealfo, that all Birds finde an Eafe in the depth of the Aire;
As Swimmers doe ina Deepe Water, And therefore when they are 2-
loft, they can vphold themfelues with theit Wings Spred, fcarce mouing
them. ~ b> I

Fifbes, when they play towards the Zap of the Water, doe common-
ly foretell Ra‘we, The Cau/e is, for that ‘a Fifh hating the Dry, will not
approachthe Aire, tillit groweth Moif ; And when itis Dry, will fy it,
and Swimme Lower. AI Sti Aaa

Beafts doe take Comfort; (generally,) in a Mor/? Aire; And it ma-
keth them eat their Afeat better: And thetefore Sheepe will get vp be-
times in the Morning, to feed, apainft Raine : And Cattel, and Deere,
and Conneyes, will feed hard before'Raine: Anda Heifer, will putvp his
Nofé, and {nuffe in the Aire, againit Rates ERAN Dh) CO erae:

The

es entury. | Kye

| 25.The Trifaile,. againft Raine, fwelleth i in the stalke. ana fo fandech
more vpright; For by Met, Stalkes doe erect; and Deane bow downe, |

‘} There is a Small Red Flower in the Stabble- Fields, whichGoaatry Peo- |
ple call the Himeopipe ; Which if it open in the Morwing, you thay be flire
fof a faire Dayto follow.

Euen in Mea, Aches, and Harts, and Cornes, doeen grietc, cicher to-
wards Raine, or towards Froff: For the One maketh the Hapiurs more
to Abound ; And the Other maketh them Sharper. Sowe whee both Ex-

‘| bremes bring the Gout,

Wormes, Vermine, &c. doe fore-fhew ( (likewife) Raine: Bor Earth-

| wormes will come forth, and Adoales will caft vp fore, and Fleas bite

more, againitt Raine.

| Solide Bodies likewife fore-(hew Raine. As Stones, and eiin/Got when

| they Sweat: And Boxes, and Peggs of Wood, when they Draw, and Wind
bard; Though the Former bebut from an Outward Caufe; Forthas the

bos sor Wasn/cot, tutneth and beareth backe the dire ag: dit it felfe ;
Buc the latter is an Jaward Swelling of the Body of the Wood i it felle. ey]

© Appetite is moued chiefly by Things that are Cold, and: D#y : The
cusfe is, for that Celd isa Kinde of Jmdigence of Nature, and calleth vp-
‘on Supply ‘And fo is Drine/fe : And therefore all Soare Things, (as Vine-
| gar, Iayee Of Limoas,Oyle 0 Vierioll, &¢.) prouoke Appetite, And the Dif-
, which they call Appetitus Caninws,confitteth itt the Matter of an A-
side and Glaff Fleeme,in the Monsh of tlie Stomach, Apperiteis: alfo moued
Soure Things; For that Seure Things,induce 4 Contractionin theWerwes,
placed in the Mouth of the Stomach; Which is'a great Caufé of Appetite,
1 As for the Cau/e, why Onions,and Salt, and Pepper,in Baked Meats,moue
Appetite, iv is by Vellication of thofe Nérwes 5 For Aotios whetceth, ‘As for

wich fome Drine/fe; Contraction ; Vellication ; And Abfter iow: Befides
Hunger, which is an Emptineffe: Aud'yet Ower Fasting doth (natty times)
caule the Appetite to ceafe, Por that Wane of Meat maketh the Stomach
| draw Humours; And {ach Hamoiy sas\are eo and eaeeagne pia

— Appetite mok,

u

It hath beene obferued by the Amcients, that re a Raine. Sap fees
meth to hang outer, or to touch,there breatheth forth a Sweet Smell The
| Canfe i is, for that this happeneth but incertaine Matters, which havein

| chemfelues fome Sweetne/fe ; Which the Gentle Dew of the Ruime- Bow
| dothdraw forth: And'the like doe Soft Showers; Fot they alfo! make
| the Ground Sweet : But none ate fo delicate as the Dew of the Rain-bow,
be: where it falleth, It may-bealfo, thatthe Water it felfe hath fome Swect-
weffe: For the Raine-Bow confifterh of a Glomeration of Small Drops,

| which catnot poffibly fall, but fromthe Aire, thateis very Low: And
there-

1 a |
82.7
828
829 _

Worme-woed, Olimes, Capers, and others of that kinde, which participate | .,
of Bitserneffe, they moue Appetite by Abjterfion) ‘Sovas there be foure f=
Caafes of Appetite ; The Refrigeration of the Stomach; ioyned

“$36

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Na-
tuve of Appetite
inthe Stomach.

831

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Swe 7
neffe of Odour,
from the Raid-
bow.

832

Naturall Hiftory ;

DS
| | therefore may hold the very Sweetne//e of the Herbs, and Flowers, as a

| Défiilled Water : For Raine, and other Dew, that fall from high, cannot

| preferue the Smell,being. difipated in the drawing vp : Neither doewe
kniow, whether fomedVater it felfe,may not hauc {ome degree of Sweet-

\Ineffe. Icis true, that wee finde it fenfibly inno Poole, River, nor Fous-

laine ; Burgood Earth, newly turned vp, hath a Frefbneffe, and good

| Seat ; VVbich water, if it benot too Egnall, ( For Equal. Obsec?s never
‘| moue the Sem/e,) may alfo haue, Certaine itis, that Bay-Salt, whichis |
|| butakinde of Water Congealed, will fometimes finell like Violets,

|
'
i

Experiment |. Fo Sweet Smells Heat isrequifite, to Concodét the Matter; And
Solt"y-tou" || fome Moi/fure to Spread the Breath of them,For Heat,we fee that Woods,
| Smellse. ° | and Spices, are more Odorate in the Hot Countries, chan inthe Cold: For
833 Moifture, we {ec that Things too much Dried, lofe their Sweetmeffez: And
'}Flowers growing, {mell better ina Morning, or Euening, than at Noone,
| Some Sweet Smells are deftroyed by Approach to the Fire; As Violets,
Wall-Flowers, Gilly-Flewers, Pinckes ; And generally all Flowers that
thaue Coole and Delicate Spirits. Some continue both on the Fire, and
| ftom the Fire, As Rofe-Water, &c, Some doe fcarce come forth; or at
| i

i

[Jeaft not fo pleafantly, as by meanes of the Fire; as Juniper, Sweet Gums,
| &c. And.all Smells, that are Enclofed in a Fa/? Body: But (generally)
thofe Smells are the moft Gratefull, where the Degree of Heat is Small ;
Or where the Strength of the Smell is allayed 5 For thefe Things doe ras
ther wooe the Sen/e, than Satiate it, And therefore the Smell of Violets,
[and Rofes; exceedeth inSweetneffe that of Spices,and Gwemmes ; And the
‘| Strongeft, Sorc of Smells, are beftin a weft, afarre off,

eS) big ’
| Experiment. Tr is certaine, thatno Smell iffueth, but with Emifion of fome Corpe-
| ching the cor. | 7¢4/l Subjfamee; Notasit is in Light,and Colours, and in Sounds, For wee
| foreald Subflance | fee plainly; that Smell doth {pread nothing thatdiftance, that the other
Breen doe, It is true,that fome Woods of Orenges,and Heathes of Rofé-Mary,will
834 | Smella great way into the Ses,perhaps twenty Miles ; But what is thar,
fince a Peale of Ordmance will do.as much, which moueth in afmallcom- |.
paffe ? Whereas thofe Woods, and Heathes, are of Vaft Spaces: Befides
we fee that Smel/s doe adhere to Hard Bedies; As in Perfuming of Glones,
| &c, which fheweth them Corpereall ; And doe Laft a great while,which

Sounds, and Light doe not, ,

|The :Exerements of moft Creatures Smell ills Chiefly to the fame

|| Expetiment
| Sof Creatwre that voideth them: For we fee, befides that of Mam, that Pige-
| and Fyozrant | | 0n8, and. Aorfes thrine belt, if their Hou/es, and Stables be kept Sweets
Odors. "| And fof Cage- Birds: And the.Cat burieth that which fhee voideth:
835 | Anditholdeth chiefly in thofe Bea/’s, which feed vpon Flefh. Dogs (ale

| mofl) onely of Beaffs, delight in Feside Odowrs ; Which fheweth there
‘ds fomewhat in their Senfe of Smell, differing from the Smells of other

| Beafis. But the Caw/é, why Excrements finell ill, is manifeft 3 For that she
Body
eT a ED Pe Ie TE ae

(Century. VX, 219
\Bady it {elfe reieSteth them Much more the Spirits: And we fee, that
thofe Excrements, thatare of the Fir/? Dize/tion,Smell the worlt; As the
~ |Excrements from the Belly: Thofe that are from the Second Digeftion,lefle
ill; As rive; And thofetharare from the Third, yet lefle; For Sweat
is not fo bad, as the other two; Efpecially of fome Per/ons, that are full
of Heat. Likewife moft Putrefactions are of an Odions Smell : For they
fmell either Fetide, or Monidy, The Caufe may be, for that Putrefaction
oth bring forth fuch a Con/i/fence,as is moft Contrary to the Confiffence
of che Body, whilft it is Sound:For it is a meere diffolution of that Forme,
Befides, there is another Reafon which is Profound: And itis, that rhe
objets that pleafe any of the Sen/es, haue (all) fome Equality, and (as it
were) Order, in their Compo(ition : But where thofe are wanting, the ob-
ie is eucr Ingrate, So Mixture of many Difagreeing Coloars is euet vn-
pleafant to the Eye: Mixtare of Difcordant Sounds is vnpleafant to the
Eare: Mixture,or Hotch-Poteb of many Taftes, is vnpleafant to the Taffe :
Harfbue(Jeand Rug gedne/fe of Bodies, isvnpleafant to the Touch: Now it
is certaine, that all Patrefaction, being a Diffolution of the firlt Forme,is a
\aite Confufion, and Vuformed Mixture of the Part, Neuertheleffe, it is
range, and feemeth to Croffe the former Ob/ferwation, that fome- Pa-
efactions and Excrements doe yeeld Excellent Odours ; As Ciet, and
Muske; And as fome thinke Amber-Greece: For diuers take it, (though
vnprobably,)to come from the Sperme of Fi/b: And the Moffe, wee fpake
of from Apple-Trees, is little better than an Excretion, The Reafon may
be, for that chere paffeth in the Excrements, and remaineth in the Putre-
actions, fome good Spirits; efpecially where they proceed ftom Cres-
tures, thatarevery Hot, Burit may be alfo ioyned with a furtherCaw/é,
whichis more Subtill; And itis, that the Sen/és loue nor to be Ouer-
pleafed ; But to haue a Commixtare of fomewhat that is in it felfe In-
grate. Certainly, we fee how Di/cords in Muficke, falling vpon Contords,
make the Sweete/? Straines : And we feeagaine,what Strange Taffes de-
light the Taffe ; As Red-Herrings, Cancary, Parmizan,&c. And itmay be,
the fame holdeth in Smells, For thofe kinde of Smells,chat we haue men-
tioned, are all Strong, and doe Pull and Vellicate the Senfe. And wee
finde alfo, that Places where Men Vréne, commonly haue fome Smell of
Violets : And Pring, if onc hath eaten Natmegge,hathfotoo, ©

sf i

_ -The Sloathfull, Generall, and. Indefinite Contemplations,
and Notions,of theElements, and their Conitgations ; Of the
Influences of Heauen; Of Heat, Cold, Moisture, Drought; Qua-

| lities Attic, Paffive; And the like;haue {wallowed vp'the true
Pafjages, and Proce/fes,and Affects, and Confistences of Matter,
and Naturall Bodies. Therefore they aretobefetafide, being

Ff but

Ss

220 | Natural Hiftory:

ree

| bue Notionall,and ill Limited; And Definite Axiomes are to
be drawne out of Meafired Inftances: And fo Aflentto be
made tothe more Generall Axiomes, by Scale. And of thefe| ’
Kindes of Proceffes of Natures, and Characters of Matter, we
will gowfer downe fome Inftances.

Experiment All Patrefactions come chiefly from the Inward Spirits of the Body;
=k ae And partly alfo from the Ambient Body, be it Aire, Liquour, or whatioe-
of Putjadioa.| wer elfe, And this laft.by two Meanes: Either by Ingreffe of the Sub/tance

836 ofthe Ambient Body, into the Body Putrified; Or by Excitation and Solli=
citations of the Body Putrified, and the Parts thereof, by the Body Amsbient.
As for the Receiued Opinion, that Putrefadtion is caufed,either by Cold,
or Peregrine and Preternaturall Heat, itis but Nugation: For Cold in
Things Inanimate, is the greate{t Enemy that is,to Patrefaction; though
it extinguifheth Viwéfication, which euer confifteth in Spirits Attenpate,
which the Cold doth congeale, and coagulate. And as for the Peregrine
Heat, it is thus farre true ; That if the Proportion of the Aduentine Heat,
be greatly Predominant, to the Natwrall Heat, and Spirits of the Body, it
tendeth to Di/folution, or Notable Alteration, But this is wrought by E-
msifsion, or Suppreffion, or Suffocation, of the Nasime Spirsts ; And alfo by
the Défordisation, and Difcempofture of the Tangible Parts; And other
Paffages of Natwre ; And not by a Conflsc# of Heats.

Experiment In Verfions,or Maine Alterations of Bodies, there is a Medium between
Solitary>to™" | the Bady, as it is at firft, and the Body Re/alting ; which Medsums is Corpus
Vrperfeeiy | Susperfecte Mistum,and is Tranfitory,and not durable; As Aéjts,Smoaks,

Vapours Chylus in the Stomach, Lining Creatures in the fick Fiwification: And

ena

Dix.

837 | the Middle Action, which produceth {uch Jmperfect Bodies, is fitly called,
(by fome of the Ancients,) Inquination, or Inconcoction,which isa Kinde
of Putrefaction; For the Parts arc in Confufien, till they fettle, one way,
orother,

Experiment The word Concection, or Digeffion, is chiefly taken into vie ftom Zé-
Ce tion Mtg Creatures, and theit Organs; And from thence extended to Liqueurs,
and Crudity. | and Frwits, &c. Therefore they fpeake of Meat Concocted ; Vrine and Ex-

838 crements Concoéted ; And the Foure Di/geftions, (In the Stomach; In the
Lier ; In the Arteries and Nerwes ; And in the Sewerall Parts of the Bo-

| dy) are likewife called Comco¢tions: And they are-all made to bethe
Workes of Heat : All which Notions are but ignorant Catches of a few
Things, which are moft Obuious to Mens Obferuations, The Conftan-
cel Wotion of Concoétier is, that it fhould fignifie the Degrees of Altera-

| sion, of one Body into another, ftom Crudity to Perfect Concottion;\V hich

| is the PLtsmsity of that Adtion, or Proceffe: And while the Body to be Con-

| serted and Altered, is too {trong for the Efficient, that fhould Conwert, oF

| Alter it, ( whereby itrefifteth and holdeth faftin fome degree the firft

Forme, |

a er nn

(Century. 1X. 231
Ferme, or Conjifience,) it is (all that while,) Crude, and Inconcec? 5 And
the Proceffe is to be called Crudity and Inconcoctiom, Itis true, that Con-
coffien is, in great part, the Worke of Heat; But not the Worke of Heat a-
lone: Foral] Things, that further the Cowwer/ion, or Alteration,(as Refi,
Mixqure ota Body already Comced¥ed, &c,) are allo Meanes to Concoétion.
And there are of Concoétion two Periods ; The one AfSimilation or Abfo-
late Conuerfion and Sabaction ; The other Maturation: whereof the For-
mer is moft confpicuous in the Boases of Liwtng Creatures » In which
thereisan Ab/olute Cowuer ion, and Afsimilation of the Nourifhment into
the Bedy: And Itkewife in the Bodies of Plants: And againe in Meralls,
where there isa full Tran/matation, The other, (which is Mataration,) 1s
feene in Liqucars, and Fraits; wherein there is not defired, nor preten-
ded, an verer Conuerfion, but oncly an Alteration to that Forme, which is
moft fought, for Mass vfe; As in Clarifying of, Drinkes 5. Ripening of
Fruits, &c, But nore, that there be two Kindes of Ab/olate Conwerfions ;

is, when a Body is conuerted into another Body, which was be-
}

fore ; As when Nowrifbment is turned into Fle/h; That is it which wee |
call 4fimilasion. The other is, when the Conwer/ion is into a Body mecre-
ly New, and which wasnot before; As if Ss/wer fhould be turned to
Gold ; or Jron to Copper: And this Cemserfion is better called, for diftin- ?
tions fake, Tren/mucation,

Therearealfo diucrs other Great Alterations of Matter,and Bodies,be=| Experiment

fides thofe that tend to Comcoffien,and Maturation; For whatfoeuer doth righ
fo alter a Body, as it returneth nt againe to that it Was, may be°called | pus, ‘lege may
Alteratio Maior : As when Meat is Boyled, or Roafted, or Fried, &e.Or | ve called
when Bread and Meat are Baked Or when Cheefe is made of Curds, or |“
Butter of Creame, or Coales of wood, or Brickes of Earth; And a Num- 839
ber of others. But to apply Noszons Phslofophicall to Plebeian Termes ;
Or tofay, where the Noting cannot fitly be reconciled, that there wan-
teth a Terme, or Nomenclature for it; (as the Ancients vied; ) They be
but Shifts of Jgnorance 5 For Kaowledge will be cuera Wandring and In-
a gefted Thing, if it be but aCommixture of a few Notions,thatare at hand
and occurre, and not excited from fuflicient Number of Inftances, and
thofe well collated, ;

| The Confftences of Bodies are very diuers:Denfe,Rare;Tan-
gible, Pnewmaticall ; Volatile F. ixed ; Determinate, Not Determt-
nate; Flard Soft;Cleauing, Not Cleauing ; Congealeable, Not Con-
gedleable ,Liquefiable, Not Liquefiable,Fragile,Tough ; Flexible,
Inflexible ; Trattile,or to be drawen forth in length, Intraétile ;
Porous, Solide ; Equal , and Smooth, Vnequall Venous, and Fi-
Ff 2 brow,

222

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Badics Li-
qucfiable, and
aot Ligquefiable.

840

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Bedies
Fragile, and
Toxgb.

841

Naturall Aiftory :

brows, and with Graines, Entire ; And diuers Others ;* All
which to referre to Heatand Cold and Moi/lure,and Drought,
isa Compendious and Inutile Specu/ation. Bucot thefelce prin:
cipally our Abecedarium Natura; And otherwile Sparfim in
thisin our SyliaSyluarum : Neuertheleffe it fome good part,
We fhall handle divers of them now prefently. aa

mien

-“Liqacfiable, and Not Liquefiable, proceed from thefe Caufes + Lz-}
quefactton 1s euer caufed by the Detention of the Spirits,which play with-
in the Body, and Open it, Therefore fuch Bodies, as are more Targide of
Spirit; Or that haue their Spirits more Sraitly Imprifoned; Or againe
that hold them Better Pleafed and Content ; are Liquefiable:' For thefe
three Dipofitions of Bodies, doe arreft the Emifiion of the Spirits, An Ex-
ample of the firft two Properties is in Metalls; And ofthe Lattin Grea/e,
Pitch, Sulphure; Butter, Wax, &c. The Difpofition not to Liquefie procec-
deth from the Eafie Emiffion of the Spirits, whereby the Groffer Parts
contraét; And therefore, Bodies Jeiwue of Spirits, Or which part with
their Spirsts more Willingly ; are not Liquefiable; As Wood, Clay, Free-
Stone, &c, But yet, euen many of thofe Bodies, that will not avele, or will
hardly ave/e, will notwithftanding Soften; As Jromin the Forge; And a
Stuckébathed in Hot Afhes, which thereby becommeth more Fiexibie,
Moreouer;there arefome Bodses,which doe Liquefie,or diffolue by Fire;
As Metalls,Wax, 8c. And other Bodses,which diflolue in Water, As Salt,
Sugar; 8c. The Caufe of the former proceedeth fromthe Dilatation of
the Spirits by Heat: The Cafe of the Latter proceedeth from the Ope-
ning of the Tangible Parts, which defire to receiue the Liqueur, Againc,
there arcfome Bodies, that diffolue with both; As Guamme, &c., And
thofe be fuch Bodies, as on the One Side haue 200d ftore of Spirit; And
onthe other Side, hauc the Tangsble Parts Indigent of Moi/iure, For the
former helpethto the Délating of the Spirsts by the Béres And the Lat-
ter ftimulateth the Parts to Receiue the Liquowr, wal\ne

Of Bodies, fome are Fragile; And fome are Tough, and Wot Fragile ;
And in the Breaking, fome Fragile Bodies breake but where the Force is;
Some fhatter and fly in many Peeces. Of Fragility the Cau/e is an Jmpo-
tency to be Extended: And therefore Stone is more Fragile than Metall ;
And fo Fiéfile Earthis more Fragile than Crude Earth; And Dry-Wood
than Greene, And the Cau/e of this Vwaptne([e to Extenfion, is the Small
Qaansity of Spirits, (Por itis the Spirée that furthercth the Exténfion or |
Dilatation of Bodies; And itis euer Concomitant with. Porofity, and
with Drineffe in the Tangible Parts: Contrariwi/e,Toagh Badies haucmore

|| Spirit, and fewer, Pores, and Maiffer Tangible Parts: Therefore weefee

that Parchment, ot Leather will ftretch, Paper willnot ; ellen Cloth will
tenter, Liwnen {carcely, a
: All

ee em a

(Century. 1X.

hn
All Solide Bodtes confittof Parts of two feuerall Natures 5 Prewmats-

B, and Tangible ; Anditis wellto be noted, thatthe Pweameatical’ Sub-
ece is itt {ome Bodies, the Natewe Spirit of the Body 3 Arid in fome
other, plaine Aire that is gottenin ; As in Bodies deficcate, by Heat, or
Age: For inthem, when the Natiue Spi
— bwith it, the dire with cime getteth into the Pores. And thofe- Bodses are:
ever the more Fragile 5 For the Natine Spirit is more. celding, and Exten-

_ (elpecially to follow the Parts,) than Aire. The Natiwe Spirits lo:
Diuerfitie; As Hot, Cold, Actine, Dal, &c. Whence proceed:

oft of the Vertaes, and Qualities (as wee call them) of Bodies : Bae’
the Aire Intermixt, is without Vertwes, and maketh Things /a/ivide, and

The Concretion of Bodies is (commonly ) folued by theCoxtrary ; As
lee, whichis congealed by Cold, is diflolued by Heat ; Salt and Sugar,

take hold of the Tangible Parts, yet.as to the Spirsts, it doth rather make
thems Swell, than Congeale them : Aswhen ice is congealed in a Cwp,
che sce will Swell in ftead of Contra&ting ; And fometimes Rift.

“OF Bodies; fome (wee fee) are Hard, and fome Soft : The Hardneffe
iscaufed (chiefly) by the Jeinnene/fe of the Spirits 5 And their Jmparitee
with the Tangible Parts : Both which, ifthey bein a greater degree, ma-
keth them, not only Hard, but Fragile, and lefle Enduring of Preffare;

iy RAMs = ARRINST All

rit goeth forth, and the Moi/fur | ae

223

Experiment

Solitary, rou-
ching the Tyo
Kindes of Prex-
maticals 1 Bo-

42

Experiment

Solitary, tou-
ching Cowcrcits
on, and Difjolue
tion of Bodies.

843

Experiment

Solitary, tous
ching Hard and
Soft Bodies.

844

224.

Experiment

Solitary tou-
| ching Bodies
Dudiile, and

Tenfile.

845

-_————

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching other
Paffions of
Matter, and
Charatiers of
Bodies.

846

Natural Hiflory:

| All Bodies Ducésle, and Tenfile, (as Metals that will be drawne into
‘Wires ; Wooll and Towe that will be drawne into Larne, or Thred,) haue
jachem the 4ppetite of Not Difcontinuing, Strong ; Which maketh them |

follow the Force, that pulleth them out ; And yet fo, asnorto Difcon-

‘| enue or forfake their owne Body, Vifcous Bodies, Cikewi'e,) as Pitch,

Wax, Bird-Lime, Cheefe toafted, will draw forth, and roape. But the
difference betweene Bodies Fibross, and Bodies Fifcous, is Plaine ; Forall
Wooll,and Towe, and Cotton, and Stlke, (efpecially raw Silke,) haue, be-
fides their Defire of Continuance, in regard of the Tenmitie of their Thred,a
Greedineffe of Moiftnre ; And by Moifture to ioyne and incorporate with
other Thred ; Efpecially if there bea little Wreathing ; As appeareth by
the Twiffing ot Thred ; And the Praétife of Twirling about ot Spindles,
And wee fee alfo, that Gold and Silwer Tored cannot be made without!
Twifling.

The Differences of Imreffible arid Not Imprefiible; Fiewrableand Not
Figurable ; Mouldableand Not Mouldable 5 Sesfile and Not Scifile ; And
many other Paftons of Matter, aie Plebeiam Notions, applied vnto the /s-

| firuments and V/es which Men ordinarily practife ; Buc they are all but

latation, ot Contraction of the Spirits in Bodies, while they are detained.

j

|titie, or Great Quantitie, of the Prénraticall in Bodies. The Fifth is the
| Nature of the Paeumaticall, whether it be Native Spirit of the Bedy, or

the Effects of fome of thefe aus following ; Which we will Enumerate
without Applying them, becaufe that would be too long. The Firft is
the Ce/sion, or Not Ce/stow of Bodie, into a Smaller Space or Roome, kee-
ping the Outward Bu/ke, and not flyingvp. The Second is the Stronger
orWeaker Appetite, in Bodkes, to Contznuitie, and to flie Difcontinuiticr.
The Third is the Diffofitien of Bodies, to Contract? , or Not Contra;

And againe, to Extend, or Not Extend. The Fourth is the Saal Quan.

Common Aire, The Sixth is, the Wature of the Native Spirits inthe Body,
whether they be 4é#ime and Eager, or Dull and Gentle. The Seuenth is
the Emifsion or Detention of the Spirits in Bodies. The Eighth is the Di-

The Ninth is the Collocation of the Spirits in Bodies ; whether the Colleca-
tioa be Equal, or ¥nequall ; And againe, whether the Spirits be Coacer-
wate, or Difjufed. The Tenth isthe Denjitie, or Raritie of the Tangible,
Parts. The Bleuenthis the Equalitie or Inequalitie of the Tangible Parts,
The Twelfth is the Difge/tion, or Cruditie of the Tangible Parts, The
Thirteenth is the Wature of the Matter, whether Salphurcons ot Merce.
riall, Watrée or Oylie, Drie and Terrefirial, or Moift and Liquid ; which
Natures of Sulphurcons and Mercariall, feemeto be Natwres Radical, and
Principtall, The Fourteenth is the Placing of the Tangible Parts,in Length,
Or Tranfuerfe;(As itisin the Warpe, and the H’oefe,of Textiles;) More
Inward, or More Outward; &c. The Fifteenth is the Porofitie, or Impore-
fuse beewixt the Tangible Parts ; And the Greatneffe, ot Swalneffe of the
Pores. The Sixteenth is the Collocation and Poflure of the Pores. There
may be more Cau/es ; but thefe doe occurre for the Prefent. pe
ake

———— he te,

| ae oe i ey

| EE SURE” . Seek S
Take Lead, and melcit, and inthe Middeft of ir, when it beginneth 3 Sergaig
| Solitary, tou-

to Congeale, make alittle Dint, or Hole, and put Qwicke-Siluer wrap=| chine indure-
iped in a Peece of Linnen into that Hole, and the Quicke-Siluer will fix, | sim by synpa-
jand run no more, andendure the Hammer. Thisisa Noble /mjfance of |"
Indaration, by Confent of one Body with another, and Motion of Excit-| 347
\piomto Jmitate ; Fortoalcribeit only tothe Vapour of Lead, is leffe Pro- |

‘bable, Quere whether the Fixing may bein fich a degree, as it-will be

Figured like other Metals ? Forit fo, you may make VVorks of it for

fome purpofes, fo they come not neere the Fire.

Sugar hath put downe the vie of Honey 5 Infomuch as wee haue loft | Experiment
thofe Obféruatzons, and Preparations of Honey, which the Ancients bad, | ching omy
when it was more in Price, Firft, ic {cemeth that there was, inoldtime, | and Suga”
Tree-Honey, as well as Bee-Honey ; Which was the Teare or Bloud iffuing | 848
fromthe Tree : Infomuch as one of the Ancients relateth, that in Trebz-_
ond, there was Honey iffuing from the Box-Trees, which made Men Mad.

Againe, in Ancient time, there wasa Kinde of Honey, which either of

the owne Nature, orby Art, would grow as Hard as Sugar; And was

not fo Lufhious as Ours. They had alfo a Wine of Honey, which they

madethus, They crufhed the Honey intoa great Quantitie of Water, and

then ftrained the Liquor ; After they boyled it in a Copperto the halfe :
_|Then they powred it into Earthen Veffels, for a {malltime ; And after

tanned it into ¥e/fels of Wood, and kept it for many yeares, They haue
alfo, at this day, in Rw/sis, and thofe Northerne Countries, Mead Simpler,
which (well made, and feafoned) is a good wholefome Drinke, and very
Cleare. They vie allo in Wales, a Compound Driske of Mead; with
Herbs, and Spices. But meane-while ic were good, in recompence of
that wee haue loft in Honey, there were brought in wie a Sagar-Mead, (for
fo wee may call it,) though without any Mixture at all of Honey ; And
to brewit, and keepe it ftale, as they vfe Mead ; For certainly, though
it would not be fo Abjferfine, and Opening, and Solutine a Drinke as
Mead ; yetit will be more gratefull to the Stomach, and more Lenstine,
and fit to be vied in Sharpe Difea/es : Fot wee fee, that the wfe of Sugar in
Beere,and Ale, hath good Effeé#s in {uch Cafes.

It is reported by the Ancients, that there was a Kinde of Steele, in | Experiment
‘ome places, which would polifh almoft as white and bright as Siluer. stine dotach
And thatthere was in India a Kinde of Braffe, which (being polifhed) | sor: of zaf
could fcarce be difcerned from Gold, This was inthe Nataral ¥re 5 But) Metals.
Tam doubtful whether Men haue fuficiently refined Metals, whichwe| 849
count Ba/é, As whether /ron,Bra/fe,and Tinne,be refined to the Heighth?
ut when they come tofuch a Finenefle,as ferneth the ordinary vie, they
trie no further.
¢ Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Cements
and Quarries.

850

There hauc beene found certaine Cements vnder Earth, that are very
aed ; And yet, taken forth into the Sanse, harden as Hard as Marble :
There

| 326 | Natural Hiftory :

=a aa a as aie Lh: Sa
There are alfo ordinary Qwarries in Sommer/et-Shire,whichin the OQ warry
cut foft to any Bignefle, and inthe Bus/deng proue firme, atid hard,

|| Experiment Lining Creatures (generally) doe change their Haire with Age, tur-

Solitary, vou" '| ning to be Gray, and Weite : As is feene in Mes, though fome Earlier,

| fecetthe co. fome Later’ ; "In Hor/es, that are Dappled, and turne White ; In Old

'| lour of Haircs | Squirrels, thatturne Gri/ly ; And many Others. So doe fome Birds ;

eee )As Cygnets, from Gray turne White ; Hawkes, from Browne turne more |

85" white : And fome Birds therebe, that vpon their Moulsing, doe turne
Colour ; As Robin-Redbrefis, after their Moulting, grow to be Red againe,
by degrees ; So doe Gold-Fiaches vpon the Head, The Cau/e is, for that
Moiffure doth (chiefly) colour Hasre, and Feathers ; And Drime/fe tut-
neth them Gray and White ; Now Haire in Age waxeth Drier : So doe
Feathers, Asfor Feathers, after Moulting, they are Young Feathers, and
fo all oneas the Feathers of Young Birds, So the Beard is younger than
the Haire of the Head, and doth (for the moft part,) wax Hoare later.
Out ofthis Ground, a an may deuile the Meames of Altering the Colour
of Birds, and the Retardation of Hoare-Haires, Butof this {ee the fifth
Experiment, —

Experiment The Difference betweene Male and Female, in fome Creatures, is not
Solitary, tou- co bedifcerned, otherwife than in the Parts of Generasion + As in, Horfes
fetieso i, |and Mares, Dogs and Bitches, Dowes Heand She, and others, But fome
uing Creatures, \ differ'in Magnitude, and that diuerfly ; For in moft the ale is the greater;
AMale& Female. | Asin Mass, Phea(ants, Peacocks, Turkey's; and thelike: And in fome few,
852 asin Hewkes, the Female. Some differ inthe Haire, and Feathers, bothin
\the Quamtitie, Cri(pation, and Colours of them ; As He-Lions are Hir[ute,
and haue great Maines ; The She'sare {mooth like Cats. Balls are more

Crifpe vpoh the Fore-head than Cowes ; The Peacocke, and Pheafant-Cecke,

and Gold-Finch-Cocke, haue glorious and fine Colours ; The Henn's haue

not. Generally, the Heesin Birds haue the faireft Feathers. Some differ

in diners Féatares ; As Bucks haue Hornes,Doe's none; Ramsmes haue more

-wreathea Hornes than Ewes ; Cocks haue great Combes and Spurres, Henns

littleor none ; Beares haue great Fangs, Sowes much leffe ; The Turky-

Cocke hath great and Swelling Gills, the Hem hath leffe ; Mem haue gene-

- |'rally Deeper and Stronger Voices than Wemen. Some differ in Facaltie 5

|| | AstheCotks.amonglt Singing Birds, are the belt Singers, ‘The Chiefe

‘Gaufe of all'thefe; (ao doubr,) is, for that the Aéa/es haue more Strength

| of Heatthan the Females; Which appearcth manifeftly inthis, that. all
young Creatures Males, are like Remales ; And {0 are Ewmyghs, and Gelt
-Creatures of all kinds, -liker Females. Now Heat caufeth Grestneffe of|
Growth, generally, where there is Moi/fwre enough to workewpon: But
.| if there be found in any Creature, (which is feene rarely,) amOuer-great

_.2 | Heatin proportionto the Adoi/ture, in them the Female is the greater 5
ol NAS ity Hawkes, and Sparrowes, And if the Heat be ballanced with the
Moiffure;chenthere is no Difference to be feene betweene Male and fe
ag male :)

(Century. 1X.

male: As in che Injfances of Horfes, and Dogs. Wee fee alfo, thar the
Hornes of Oxen, and Cowes, for the moft part, are Larger than the Bwlls ;
which is caufed by abundance of Morffare, which in the Horses of the
Bull tailech, Againe, Heat caufeth Pilofiey, and Crifpation; And fo like-
wile Beards in Mes, It alfo expelleth finer Mei/ture, whieh Want of Heat
cannot Expell: And thatis the Caa/é of the Beawtyand Variety of Fea-
thers: Againe,Heat doth put forth many Excre/cences,and much Solide
| Matter,which Want of Heat cannot do: And this is the Caw/e of Hornes,
_and of the Greatneffe of them; And of the Greatneffe of the Combes and
Spurres of Cocks, Gills of Turky-Cocks, and Fangs of Boares, Heat alfo dila-
tethithe Pipes, and Organs, which caufeth the Deepme(fe of the Voice. A-
-gaine, Heat refineth che Spirsts,and that caufeth the Cock-Singing Bird,to
Excell the Hen.

There be Fi/bes greater than any Beafis; As the Whale is farre grea-
_terthan the &lephant. And Bea/fs are (generally) greater than Birds,For
| Fifbes,the Canfe may be, that becaufe they Live notin the Aire, they
hanenor their Afeifwre drawne and Soaked by the Aire, and Sun-Beames,
Alfo they reftalwaics, in a manner, and.arefupported by the Water;
whereas Motion and Labour doe confume. As for the Greatne/fé of Bea/fs,
more than of Birds, itis caufed, for that Beafts {tay Longer time in the
Wombe, than Birds, and there Nourifh, and Grow 3 VVhereas in Birds,

after the Agee Lay'd, there isno furthersGrowth, or Nourifhmeut from

the female: For the Sitting doth Vinéfie, and not Nourith.

© We haue partly touched before the Meanes of Producing Fruits,

without Coares, or Stones, And this we adde further,that the Casfe mu
be Abundance of Moifture; For that the Coare, and Stone are made of a
Dry Sap: And wefee thatit is poffible, to make a Tree put forth onely
in Bloffeme, without Fruit; As in Cherriefwith Double Flowers; Much
more into Fruit without Stone,or Coares.It is reported,that a Cious of an
Apple, oxafted ypon a Colewors-Stalke, ferideth forth a great Apple with-
outaCoare. It isnorvnlikely, thatif the Inward Pith ofa Tree, were ta-
ken out, fo that the luyce came onely by the Barke, it would worke the
| Effet. For it hath beene obferued, that in Pollards, ifthe Water get in on
_ the Tap,and they become Hollow, they put forth the more, We adde
alfo, that itis deliuered for certaine by fome, that if the cvs be graf-
ted, the Small End downwards, it will make Frat hauc little or no
Coares, and Stones. 30
Tobacco isa thing of greatPrice, if ibe in requeft, For an Acre. of
ivwillbe worth, (as is affrmed,) two Hundred Pounds,by the yeare,to-
wards Charge, The Charge of: making the Ground, and otherwife, is
great, but nothing to che Profit, Bucthe Bmglé(h Tobacco, hath {mallcre-
dit, as being reo Dall, and Barshy: Nay the Virginian Tobacco,though
thatheina Hotter Clinsate, can petndcredit,for the fame Canfe: So that
Gg a Trial

2207

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Cowi-
parative Mag-
nitude of Lining
Creatnres.

853

Experiment
Solitary, tou=
ching Exoffati-
on of Fruits.

854

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Me-}
liration of To-
baceo.

855

228 Naturall. Hiftory :

aTriallto make Tobacco more Aromaticall,and better Concogted herein
England, were a Thing of great profit, Some haue goneaboutto doe
it by Drenching the Englifh Tobacco, in a Decoction or Infufion of Indian
Tobacco: Butthofe are but Sophiftications, and. Toyes; For Nothin
that is once Perfe@,and hath run his Race, canreceiue much Adil
ment. You nut euerrefort tothe Beginnings of Things for Melioration,
The Way of Maturation of Tobacco mutt, as in other Piants, be, fromthe
Heat, Either of the Earth, or of the Sumue: VVe fee fome Leading of this
in Musk+Melons ;which are fowen vpona Hot Bed, Dunged below, vp-
onaBancke turned vpon the South Sunne, to giue Heat by Reflexion ;
Laid vpon Tiles, which increafeth the Heat; And Couered with Straw
to keepe them from Geld, They remoue them alfo, which addethfome
Life: And by thefe Helpes they become as good in England, as in Italy,
or Pronence. Thefe,and the like Meanes, may be tried in Tobaeco,Enquire
alfo of the Steeping ofthe Roots, in {ome {uch Liquour,as may giuc them
Vigourto put forth Strong.

Experiment Heat of the Sunne,for the Maturation of Fraits; Yeaand the Heat of
Papa! tou | Vissification of Lining Creataressare both reprefented and fupplied,by the
Fai a Hee Heat of Fires And likewile, the Heats of the Swsne, and Life, are repre-
the fame Ef- | fentedsone by the other. Zrees, fet vpon the Backes of Chinsneyes, doc ti-
an pen Fruit fooner. Vines, thathaue beenedrawne in at the Window of
856 | 3 Kitchem, auc {ent forth Grapes ripe a Month (at leaft) before others,
Stoues,at the Backe of Walls, bring forth Orenges herewith vs. Egges, as
is reported by fome, hauc beene hatched in the warmth of an Oaen, It
is reported by the Ancients, that the E/frich Layeth herEgs vnder Sand,

where the Heat of the Swanedifclofeth then’. B10 28

er | Barley in the Boyléng fwelleth not muchs Wheat {welleth more ; Rize
chins Seeding | extremely ; Info muchas a Quarter of a Pint (vnboyled) willarifetoa
and Dilatation | Pint boyled, The Cau/e (no doubt) is,for thatthe more Clofeand Com-
in Beyling- | pat the Body is,the more it will dilate: Now Barley isthe moft Hollow;
557 | ppheat more Solidethan thats and Rixemoft Solideof all, It may be
alforthat fome Bodies hauc aKinde of Lentowr,and more Depertible Na-

ture than others; As we fee it Euident in Colows-ation;For a Small Quan-

tity of Saffron, will Tin more, than a'very great Quantity of Brefil,

or Winer, es).

Eiperinent | __ Brasit groweth Sweet by Rowling, or Preffing them. gently with the
chinetheDul- Hand; As Rowling-Peares, Damajins, 8c. By Rettennefe; As Medlars,
covation of | Seywices, Sloe's, Heps, Sc. By Time; As Apples, Wardens, Pomgramats,Xc,
Seg By certaine Speciall Ataturations ; As by Laying them in Hay, Straw, &c.
858 And by Fire; As in Roafting, Stewing, Baking, &c.. The Casfe of the
Sweetne/Je by Rowling, and Prefiimg, is Ensollition, which they properly

enduce; As in Beating of Steck-Fih; Flefh,&xc By. Rottenne/fe is, for that

the Spirits of the Fruit, by Pusrefattion, gather Heat,and thereby mek

% Y the

a —

a
| (Century. 1X.

\ he Harder Part: For in all ParrefacFiows, thereis a Degree of Heat, By
rie and Keeping is, becaufe the Spirits of the Bady, doe euet feed vpon
the Tangible Parts, and attenuate them. By Seuerall Afatwrations is, by
ifome Degree of Heat, And by Fire is, becaufe it is the Proper Worke of
Heat to Refine, and to Incorporate; And all Soureneffe confitteth in
fome Groffewe/fé of the Body : And all incorporation doth make the CMix-
‘tare of the Body, more Equal, in all the Partss Which ever indticeth a
part Tafre,

Of Fle(bes, fome are Edible ; Some, except it be in Famine, vot.For
‘thofe that are not Edible, the Cau/2 is, for that they haue (commonly )
too much Bitterne/fe of Tafe § And therefore thofe Creatures, which are
Fierce and Cholerick, are not Edible ; As Lions, Wolwes, Squirrells,Dogs,
Foxes, Horfes, Sc. As for Kine, Sheepe, Goats, Deere, Swine, Conneyes,
Hares, &c, We fee they are Milde, and Fearefwll. Yet it is true,that Hor-
es, which are Bea/ts ot Courage, hauebeene, andareeaten by fome
im As the Seythiams were called Hippophagé; And the Chine/es eat
Hor{e-fle(h at this day ; And fome Glustons hauc vied to haue Colts-fle/h
baked. In Birds, fuch as are Carninora,and Birds of Prey, are commonly
‘no Good Meat ; But che Reafon is, rather the Cholerick Natwre of thofe
‘Birds, than their Feeding vpon Fle/h ; For Puits, Gulls, Showelers, Dukes,
doe feed vpon Fle, and yetare Good Meat: And wee fee, that thofe
Birds, which are of Prey, or feed vpon Fle/6, are good Adeat, when they
are very Young; As Hawkes, Rookes out of the Neaft, Owles, 8c, Mans
Flefh is not Eaten. The Reafons are Three: Firft, becaufle Mem itt Hwwsa-
mity doe abhorre it : Secondly, becaufé tio Lining Creature, that Dyeth of
it felfe, is good to Eat : And therefore the Camiballs (themfelues) eat io
Mans flefh, of thofe that Dye of Themfelnes, but of fuch as are Slatne. The
Third is, becauf= there muft be (generally) fome DiParity, between the
Nourifbment, aod the Body Nowrifbed; And they muft not be Ouet-neere,
or like: Yetwe fee, that in great Hcakwe/fes, and Confwumptions, Mes haue
beene fuftained with Womans Milke : And Ficinus fondly (as Feonceiue)
aduifeth, for the Prolong ation of Life, that aVeine be opened inthe Arme
of fome wholefome Young Mans And the Blowd to be fucked, It is faid,
that Wétches doe greedily ear Mans flefh; which if it be true,befides a Ds-
wellifh Appetite in them, itis likely to proceed, forthat Mans fj may
fend vp High and Pleafing Yapours, which may ftirre he Jmsagination 5
And Witches Felicity is chiefly in fagiwation, as hath beenc faid,

Thereis at Ancient Receiued Tradition of the Salamander, that it
liveth in the Fire, and hath force alfo to extinguith the Fire, Ic niuft
hauetwo Things; ifit betrue, ro this Operation The Oneavery Clofeo
Skis, whereby Flame, whichin the Midft is not fohot,cannot enter : For
we fee that if the Palme of the Hand be annointed thicke with prhite of
Egge, and then Aquauita be pouted vpon it, and Enflamed, yet one may
endure the Flame a pretty while, Theother is fome Extreme Cold and

Jee Gg2 Ruenching

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching Fifh &-
d:ble, andnot
Edible.

859

Experiment

Solitary, tou-
ching the Sala- jf,
mander.

860

230

| Experiment

: Solitary, rou-

| ching the Coa-
trary Operations
| of Time, vpon

| Fruits, and Li-

| Natural Hifory:

wenching vertac, in the Body of that Creature, which choaketh the Fire,
Wefeethat ailke quencheth Wilde-Fire, better than Water, becanfe it
entreth better, ako

—.
~A wht

Time doth change Frait, (as Apples, Peares, Pomgrapats, 8<c.) ftom
more Saure,to more Sweet : But contrariwife Liquewrs,(cuen thofethat
are of the Jayce of Frwit,) from more Sweétto more Soare; As Wert,
Muft, New Versuyee, &c. The Cau/e is, the Congregation of the Spirits, to-
gether: For in both Kindes, the Spirit is attenuated by Time; But in the
firft Kinde, it is more Diffufed,and more Méffered by the Groffer Parts,
which the Spirtts doe but difgeft: But in Drimkes the Spirits doc raigne,
and finding lefle Oppofition of the Parts , become themfelues more |

-| Strong, Which canfeth alfo more Strength in the Ziqaour 5 Such, as if!

the Spirits be of the Hotter Sort, the Léqwoar becommeth apt to Barnes
Buz in Time, it caufeth likewife,when the Higher Spirits are Euapoura-
ted, more Souresefe, ,

Ithath beene obferued by the Ancients, that Plate of. Metall; and

efpecially,of Brae; applied prefently to‘a Blow, will keepeit downe

from Swelling, The Caufe is Repercufion, without Humettation, or En-
trance of any Bedy: for the Plate liath onely.2 Virtual Cold, which doth
not fearch.into the Hart ; VWVhereas all Plaflers,and Ointments doc-enter.
Surely, the Caufe, that Blewesand Bruifes cnduce Swellings, is, for that
the Spirits tcforting to Succour the Part that Laboureth, draw alfo the
Hamours with then ; For we fee, that it is not the Repalfe, and the Re-
turne of the Hwmour-in the Part Ssruckes, that caufeth it; For ‘that
Goats, and Tooth-Aches caule Swelling, where there is no Percufion

jat all nuts

The Nature of the Orrés Root, is almoft Singular; For there befew
Odoriferous Roots; And in thofe that are, in any degree, Sweet, it is but
the fame Swectneffe with the Wood, or Leafe: But the Orris is not Swees
inthe Leafe ; Neither is the Flower any thing fo Sweet'as the Rest, The
Root {eemeth to hauela Tender dainty Heats) Which when it commeth |)
aboue Ground, to the Swane, andthe Aire, vanifheth : For it is a great
Mollifier 3 And hatha Smell likea Fioler. s Hi stisgc. O\

VLMLORE 54 ; > Ths base vt
It hath been obfémed by the Ancients, that a great Fefell full,drawne

‘om- | into Bortles; And then the Liquour put againe into the Veffell; will not

fill the Vefell againe, fo full as itwas, but that it may take in morte Ze-
quour : And that this holdeth more in Wine, than in Water. The Cause,
may be TriuiallsNamely,by the Expence of the Liquour,iniregard fome
may fticke.to the Sides of the Bottles: But there may,bea Can/e more
Subtill ; Which is, thatthe Léquoar in the Vefell, ismotfo much Com-
prefféd, asin the Bestle; Becaute in the Vefell, the Liquour meeteth with
Liquowr chicfly ; But, ia the Bortles.a Small; Quantity, of Liqueur, at
. tet

oe We eo je csictiatapalgpcboraa She. ee ee

.

Century. PX.

Saeih the Sides of the Beisles,which Com prefie it fo,that it doth not
Open againc, '

Water, being contiguous with Arre, Coolcth it, bur Moiftencth it

all Tramfition, without Communication of Subjtance; but Moiffure not: And
to all Madefactien there is required an Jmbibition : But where the Bodies
are of fuch feuierall Leuity, and Grauity,as they Mingle nor, there can
follow no Jmbibition. And therefore, Oyle likewife lyeth at the Zop of
the Water, without Commixture : And a Drop of Water, running {wift-
ly ouer a Séraw, or Smoot Body, werteth not. ;

Starveligit Nizhts, yea and bright Moone-fhine Nights, are Colder
thanCloudy Nights. TheCau/e is, the Drineffe and Fineneffe of the Aire,
which thereby becommeth more Piercing, and Sharpe: And therefore
Great Coutinentsare colder than Jflasds + Andas for the Moone, though
it felfe inclineth the Aireto Moifiure, yet whenit fhineth bright, it ar
gacth the Aire isdry, AlfoClofe Aire is warmer than Open Aires which
(it may be).is, for tharthe trucCawfé of Cold, isan Expiration ftom the
Glebe of the Earth, which in open Placésisftronger; And againe, Azre
ic felfe, if irbe noralterediby that Expiration, isnot without fome Se-
exet Degree of Heat > Asit is not likewile without fome Secret Degree of
Light : For otherwife Cats,and Owles,.could not fee inthe Nght ; But
that Aire hath alittle Léght,Proporsionable to the H4/wall Spirits of thofe
Creatures, I, Lak UC Mew ak ‘

) 3% pe os |

» '» The Byes doe moure one andthe fame ways For when one Eye mo-
ueth to the Nofthrill, the other moueth from the Nofthrill, The Caufe is
Motion of Confent, which in the Spirits, and Parts Spiritual, is Strong.
But yet 7/é will induce the Contrary :\For fome can Squint, when they
will: And the Common Tradition is,that if Childrenbe fet vpona Table,
witha’ Candle behinde them, both Eyes will moue Outwards ; As affe-
Ging tofee the Light, and fo induce Squinting. el
bo We fee'more exquifitely with One Eye Shut, than with Both Open.

The Cau/eisy for thatthe Spirits Vifwall vnite themfelues more, and{o

become Stronger, Foryou may fee, by looking in a Gla/fe, that when

you'(hur onc, £y¢, the: Pwpill of the other Eye,that is Open, Dilateth,
|: ‘The Byes; if the Sight mect notinone Angle) See Things Double. The
| Caufe is,forthat Seerag two Things, and Seeimgone Thing twice, wor-
poet the fame Effect : And therefore a little Pellet, held betweene two
| Ringers; \aidia-croffe,feemeth Doable. ord, of v ;
|») Rore-blindé Men, fee beft in the Dimmer Lights; And likewife haue
| their Sight Secongernedrepand,than.thofe thatarenot Pore-blssde;And
) canReadeand Writefmaller Letters) The Cdafeis, for thatthe Spirits
| Vifaall,ins thofe chatare'Pére.blinde,are Thinner, and Rarer, than in.0-
(thers; And:therctore:tie ‘Greater Light difperfeth them, Fos the fame
4 HA\Ls

_~-_--

et Eee - te. . epemengnememe ee a + ee ae Ce
—s

Caufe

not, exceprit Vapour, The Caa/e's, forthat Heat, and Cold hauea Firta- |

231

Experiment
Solitary, tot-
ching the Wor-
king of Water
vpon Aire Con-
tiguoms.

865

Experiment
Solitary, tou-
ching the Na.
twre of Alve.

866

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Eyes, and Sight,

867

868

869

870

872

873

Natural Fiftory :

‘Caufe they need Contracting ; But being Contraéted, are more ftrong,
‘chan the Vifaail Spirits of Ordinary Eyes are; As when we fee thorow a
Zeuell, the Sight is the Stronger: And fo is it, when yon gather the Eye-
lids fomewhat clofe: And itis commonly feene in thofe that are Pare-
| blinde, cat they doe much gather the Eye-lids together. But Old Men,
| when they would feetoReade, put the Paper fomewhat a farre off, The
| caufé is, forthar Old Mems Spirits Vifwall, contrary to thofe of Pore-blinde
| aten, voite not, but when the Oded is at {ome good diftance, from
| their Eyes;
| Mea {ee better, when their Eyes are oucr-againft the Swnne,or a Can.
die, if they put their Handa littlebefore their Eye. The Reafen is, tor that
the Glaring of the Sumne, or the Candle, doch weaken the Eye; wheras the
Light Circumfufed isenough for the Perception, For we lee, that an Oner-
light maketh the Eyes Dazell; Infomuch as Perpetuall Looking againft
the Sunwe, would Caute Blisdaeje. Againe, if Mes come out of a Great
Light, into'a Darke Roome ; And contrariwife, if they come outof a
Darke Roome, into a Light Rosme, they feeme to haue a Méft before their
Eyes, and fee worfe, than they fhall doe, after they haue ftayed alittle
while, either in the Light, or in the Darke, The Caw/e is, for that the Sps-
rits Vifuall, are vpona Sudden Change, difturbed, and put out of Or-
der’, And till chey berecolle@ed,doe not performe their Function well,
Forwhen they are much Dilated by Light, they cannot Comtradé fudden-
| !y; And when they are much Contracted by Darkneffe, they cannot Délate
| fuddenly} “And Exceffe of both thefe, (that is, of the Dilatation, and
Contraction of the Spirits Vifwall,) if itbelong, Deftroyeth the Eye, For
as long Looking againft the Swane,or Fére,hurteth the Eye by Dihatation;
So Carious Painting in Small Volumes, and Reading of Small Letters, doc
hurt the Eye by Comtractton,

It hath béene obferued, that.in Anger, the Eyes wax Red; And in
Blafbiwe, not the Eyes,but the Eares, and the Parts behinde them, The
| Cau/e is, for that in Anger, the Spirits afeend and wax Eager ; Which is
moft cafily feene in the Eyes, becaufe they are Tranflucide; Though
withall ic maketh both the Cheekes, and the Gills Red; Butin Bla/bing, it
istruc, the Spirits afcend likewife to Succour, both the yes, and the
Pace, whichare the Parts that labour: But then they are repulfed by
the Byes, for that the Eyes, in Shame doe put backe the Spirits, that af-
cend to themyas vnwilling to looke abroad: Forno Mam, inthat Pafi-
on, doth looke ftrongly, but Deieétedly; And that Repwifiew from the
Eyes, Diuerteth the Spiriss and Heas more to the Eares, andthe Parts by
| them, ails
| The Obieé#s of the Sight, may caufea great Plea/wre and Delight in
the Spirits,butno Painejor great Offence;Except it be by Memory,as hath
beene faid., The Glimp/es and Beatwes of Diamonds that ftrike the Eye; de-
diaw Feathers, that haue glorious Colouts ; The Comseving into a Faireo
Garden ; The Commsing into a Faire Roome richly furnithed; A: Beaussfwll
Perfons And the like ; doe delight and exhilarate the Spsrsts re

\ Reajow,

my .
‘(0 * coc Rr REE AER. SS
# (Century. AX, 233
Réafon, why itholdeth not in the Ofence, is, for thatthe Sight isthemott

\Spirituall ot the Senfes ; whereby it hath no Obieé# Grofle enough to of |

fendic. BurthéCaxfé (chiefly) is, forthat there be no Aine Obied?s to

ffnd the Eye, For Harmenicall Sounds, and Difcordamt Sounds, ate both

| Amjine: and Pofitine = So are Sweet Smels, and Stinks ¥ So are Bitter, and

Sweet, in Taffes : So are Ower-Hot, and Ower-Cold, in Touch = But Black-
ineffe, and Darkne/fe,are indeed but Priwatines ; And therefore haue little
orno Afiaitie, Somewhat they doe Conttiftate) but very little. |”

Water of the Sea, or otherwile, looketh Blacker when itis moued, and | Expenment
Wher when itrefteth. The Cau/e is, for thar by meanes of the Averion, ee yk
ithe Bezmes of light palle not'Straighr, ‘atid therefore mutt be datkened « | of he Sea, ot
whereas, whenitrelteth, the Beames doe pafle Straight. Befices, ‘splen- other Water.
dour hath a Degree of Whiteneffe , Efpecially if there bea little Repercaf- 874
fio : Fora Looking-Gla/fé with the Steele bchinde, looketh Wiiter, than| *
Glaffé Simple. This Experément deferuecth to be driven further, iii Trying
by what Meantes Motion niay hinder Sight, sil}
Shell-Fe/B have beene; by fome of the Aacients, compared and forted | Experiment
with the Jn/2éFa’ ; But 1 fee ho reafon why they fhould ; For they haute: ingsheh
Male, and Female, as other Fifh haue: Neither are they bred of Putrefa- | Fi(h-
Bion ; Sealy {uch as doe Moue, Neuerthelefle it is certaine, that 875
offer, and Céek/es, and Iafile:, which Moue nots‘haueno diferiminate}! *°-
< : Quere ity what time, and how they are bred ?“Ie'feemeth that Shells |)
“Ap ed where none were before; Anditis tried,thatthegreat
ar/e-Mufile, with the fine fhell, that breedeth in Ponds, ‘hath bred with-
ii'thirty yearts : But chen, which is ftrai ee, ithath beene tried, that they
doe not only Gape, and Shut, as the Oiters doe, but Remoue from one
Placeto Another,’ © 9"! 9 90s sod rive Dae

* The Seafes ate alike Strong, both om’ the Richi Side,and on the Left ; E*peitinens
But the Linathes onthe dht Se are Seonkee The Canfe may be, Ri chine toe Rig
thar the Braine, Which is the Infrument of Sen/e; is alike on both Sides 5 | side, and the
But Motion, and Habilities Of Mowing; atc fomewhat holpen from the Li-|“!* i |
#ér, which lieth on the Right Side, Te may be alfo, for that the Sen/es are 876

4 Pa Exercife, indifferently, on both Sédes, fromthe Time ofout Birth;
‘Bucthe Limames are vfed'moft on the’ Right Side, whereby Caffome hel-
peth 5 For Wee fee that fotne are’ Left! Handed Which are fuch; as hane|
vied the Left-Hand moft, soi

*'Fridtion: make thé Parts more Flepbie and Full : As wee fe both in | Experiment
Men 3 And in Carryiny OF Hor/es, &c. The’ Caufe is, forthatthey draw ee oe i
greater Quantitie of Spiritt'and Bloud to the Parts’* And againé}' becaule
they draw the Aliment more forcibly ftom within And againeé, becaufe | 7

icy relax RE Pores, and fo make better Pafage'for the Spirits. Bloud,
and Aliment + Laftly becanfe they'diffipate and difgeft any Juutile or Ex-

And . 6
crementitiows

234 |

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Globes
appearing Flat
at Diflance.

878

Experimenc
Solitary tou-
ching Shadowes

879

_ | dium Moueth,

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Kow-
ling and Brea-
king of the Seas

$80

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Dul-
coration of Salt
Water,

SRE

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching the Re-
twrve of Salts

, wefjc Pits vp-
on the Sea-
Shore.

882 |

Naturall Hiftory :

lation. Brictions alfo doe more Fill, and Zmpineuate the Body, than Exer-
‘cife, The Caa/e is, for that in Frééfions, the Inward Parts are at reft ;
Which in Exerci/e are beaten (many times)-too much: And for the fame
Reafon, (as we haue noted heretofore,) Gaily-Slawes are Fat and Flefbie,
becanfe they Rirre the Lémmes more, and the Jeward Parts lefle.

All Globes afarre off appeare Flat, The Can/é is, for that Di/fance,be-
ing a Secuudary Obiect of Sight, is not otherwile difcerned, than by more
or leffe Light ; which Di(paritie when ic cannot be difcerned, all feemeth
One: Asitis (generally) in Objects not diftin@ly difcerned ; For fo Let-
ters, if they be fo farre off, as they cannot be difcerned, fhew but as a
Duskifh Paper : And all Engrauings, and Embofings, (atarre off ) appeare
Plaine.

The Vimoft Parts of Shadowes feeme euer to Tremble, The Caufe is,
forthat the little Avoats, which wee fee in the S#vme, doe euer Stirre,
though there be no Wind ; And therefore thofe Mouing, inthe Meeting

{ofthe Light and the Shadow, from the Light to the Shadow, and from

the Shadow to the Light, doc thew the Shadow to Moue, becaufe the ée-

Shallow, and Narrow Seas, breake more than Decpe, and Large, The
Caufeis, forthatthe Jmpul/ion being the fame in Both ; Where there is
greater Qaantitie of Water, and likewile Space Enough ; there the Water
Rowleth, and Moucth, both more Slowly, and with a Sloper Rife, and
Fall: Bue where there is lefle Water, and lefle Space, and the Water dalh-
eth more againft the Bottome ; there it moueth more Swiftly, and more
in Precipice ; Forinthe Breaking of the Wawes there is cuet a Precipice,

It hath beene obferned by the Ancients, that Salt-Water Beyled, or
Boyled and Cooled againe, is more Potable, than of it felfe Raw: And yet
the Ta/te of salt, in Diftillations by Fire, rifeth not ; For the Diftilled ba-
ter willbe Frefb, The Cau/e may be, forthat the Salt Part of the Water,
doth partly rife into a Kinde of Sewasme on the Zap; And partly goeth
into a Sedigent in the Bottome : And fo is rather a Separation, than an
Ewaporation, Butitistoo grofle to rife into a Yapowr : And fois a Bitter
Tafte likewile ; For Simple Di/tilled Waters, of Wormewood, and the like,
are not Bitter.

It hath beene fet downe before, that Pits vpon the Sea-Shoare, turne
into Fre/h Water, by Percolation of the Sale through the Sand : But itis
further noted, by fome of the Aucients, that in fome Places of Affricke,
after a time, the Water in fuch Pits will become Bracki/h againe. The
Caufeis, forthatafter atime, the very Sands, thorow which the Sal/s-

Water pafleth, become Salt ; And fo the Strainer it {clfeis cinéted v9
Salt,

(Century. 1X.

235

Sale, The Remedie therefore is, to digge till New Pits, when the old

wax Brackifh; Asit you would change your Strasmer,

— Ichath beene obferued by the Ancients, that Sale-Water, will diffolue | Experiment

Sale putincoity in lefle time, than Fre Water will diffolueit. The Caufe
;may be, forthatthe Salt in the Precedent Waser, doth, by Sinsilitude ot
| Sebjlance, draw the Sa/s new putin, vnto it; W hereby it diffufeth in the
| Liguour more {peedily. This ts a Noble Experiment, if itbe true ; Forit
| fheweth Meanes of more Quicke and Eafie /nfafions ; And itis likewife
a good Jaflance of Attraction, by Similitude of Subjtance, Trie it with
| Sugar putinto Waser, formerly Sugred ; And into other Water Ya/ugred.

!

~ Put Sugar into Wine, part of it aboue, part vnder the Wine; And you
fhall finde, (that which may feeme ftrange,) that the Sugar aboue the
| Wine, will foften and diffolue fooner, than that within the Wine. The
Caufe is, forthat the We entreth that Part ofthe Sugar, which is ynder
‘the Wine, by Simple Jafufion, or Spreading ; But that Part aboue the
Wine, is likewile forced by Sucking: For all Spangie Bodies expell the
| Aire, and draw in Liquonr, if it be Contiguous : As wee fe it al(o in
Spanges, put part aboue theater, Itis Worthy the Inquiry, to fee how
you may make more Accurate Infufions, by Helpe of Attraction,

Water in Wells is warmer in Winter, than in Summer: And fo Airein
Caues, The Cafe is, for that in the Hither Parts, ynder the Earth, there
\is a Degreeof fome Heat ; (As appeareth in Sulphureous Veines, &c.)
| Which that ¢lofe in, (as in inter, js the More ; Butif it Perfpire, (as

iedoth in Swmmer,) itisthe Leff,

Iris reported, that amongft the Zéwcadians, in Ancient time, vpon a
-/Superftition, they did vfé to Precipitare a wan, from a High Cliffe into
the Sea ; Tying abour him, with Strings, at fome diftance, many great
| Fowles, And fixing vnto his Body diuers Feathers, {pred, to breake the
Fall, Certainly many Birds of good Wing, (As Kites, and the like,)
would beare vp a good eight, as they flie ; And Spreading of Feathers,
|thiane, and clofe, and in great Bredth , will likewife beare vp a great
| Weight ; Being even laid, without Tilting vpon the Sides. The further
| ‘Extenfion of this Expersment tor Flying may bethought vpon.

= There is, in fome Places, (namely in Cephalonia,
| which they call Holy-ozke, or Dwarfe-Oake : Vpon the Leases whereof

there rifeth a Zumowr, like a Bliffer ; Which they gather, and rub out of
| it, a certaine Red Daft, that conuerteth (after'a while) into Wormes,

which they kil] with Wine,(as is reported) when they begin to Quicken :
| With this Da/ they die Scarler, | » Who

; iG ps 5 : . : ;
_ In Zant, it is very ordinary, to make 24¢~ Impotent, to accompany
with

a

Solitary rou-
ching Actrathi
on by Similitude
of SubRance,

$83

Experiment

Solitary tou-
ching Altra-

Ghion.

884

Experiment
Solitary tou-
ching Heat vyn-
der Earth.

8385

Experiment
Selitary tou-
ching Flying in
the Aire.

886

ja little Shrab, | Experiment

Solitary tou-
ching the Dye
of Scarlet.

887

Experiment
Solitary tou-

736

4 ching Malefi-
Ciating.

Experiment
Solitary, tou-

ching the Rifé |

of Water, by
Meanes of
Flame.

889

Experiments
in Contort,

touching the
Influences of
the Moone.

—-——-_—_— —-

— Naturall Fiftorg:

with their biwes. The like is Practifed in Ga/comie ; Where it is called
| Nouér Peonillette. Icis practifed alwayes vpon the Wedding Day. And in
Zant, the Mothers themfelues doe it, by way of Preuention ; Becaufe
thereby they hinder other Charmes, and canvndoe their Owne, It is a
Thing the Caw Law taketh knowledge of; And therfore is of ao Light
Regard. yom

tractions by Heat,

Of the Power of the Celeftiall Bodies, and what more Se-
cret Influences they haue, befides thetwoManifeft Influences
of Heat,and Light,;We fhall {peake, when we handle Experi-
ments touching the CeleStiall Bodies: Mcane-while, wee will
giuefome Directions for more certaine Trials, of the Vertue,

‘and Influences of the Moone; which is our Neareft Neigh-
bour. - %, Saul LOW & OeAesst
The Influences of the Moone; (molt obferued,) are Foure.
The Drawing forth of Heat: The Inducing of Putrefaction:.
The Increafe of Moiffure: The Exciting of the Motions of
Spirits, orgie 2i 25 days

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For

——_———_ ———

, (century. LX

For the Drawing forth of Heat, we haue formerly preferibed,to rake
Water Warme, and to fer Part of it agaitn{t the Meome-Beames,; and Part o!
itwith a Skreeme betweene; And to fee whether that which ftandeti: Ex
poled ro the Beames, will net Coole fooner, But becaufe this is bur «
Small /aterpefition, (though in the Swane wee {ee a Small Shade doth
much,) ie were good totty it, when the Moone fhineth, and when the
Moone fhineth noc at all; And with Water Warme in a Gla/fe-Botsle, afwell
as in aDifbs And with Cinders; Aud with Irom Red-Hor ; &c.
For the Jaducing of Patrefaction, it were good to try it with Fle, or
Fifh; Expofed to the Moone-Beames ; Andagaine Expofed to the sirev,
when the Moose fhincth not, for the like time ; To {ee whether will cor-
ruptfooner: And try it alfo with Capon, or fome other Fowle, laid a-
| broad ,to fee whether it will mortific, and become tender fooner? Try
iralfo with Dead Flies, or Dead Wermes, hauing a little Water coft vpon

them, to fee whether will Pusrifiefooner, Try it alfo with an pple, or
| Orenge, hauing Holes niade in their Tops, to fee whether will Rot or
Mould fooner ? Try italfo with Holland-Chee/e, hauing Wine put into it,
whether will breed Ages fooner, or greater ?

For the-Jacrea/e of Moiffare, the Opinion Receiued is ; That Seeds
will grow fooneft ; And: Haire, and Nailes, and Hedees,and Herbs, Cut,
&c,will grow fooneft, ifthey be Set,or Cut, in the Jeerea/e of the Moone.
Alfo that Braines in Rabits, Wood-cocks, Calues, &c, are fulleft in the Full
of the Meone: And {oof Marrow in the Benes; And fo of Oyfers, and
Cockles, whicly of all the reft are the eafielt tried), if you hatic them

Take fome Seeds, or Roots, (as Onions, 8cc.) and fet fome of them im-
mediately after the Changes And others of the fame kinde immediately
after the Full: Let them be as Like as can be: The Earth alfo the Same
as neare as may be; And therefore beft in Pots: Let the Pots alfo ftand,
whiere no Raine, or Sunne may come to them, left the Difference of the
Weather confound the Experiment: And then fe¢ in what Time,the Seeds
Set inthe Increafe of the Mane, come to a certaine Height ; And how
they differ frotn thofe that are Set in the Decreafe of the Moone,

~> Teis like, chatthe Bratwe of Man waxeth Moifter, and Fuller, vpon
the Full ofthe Moone: And therefore it were good for thofé that haue
Moist Bratmes,and are great Drinkers,to take Fume of Lignum Alsés,Ro/e-
Mary, Brankincenfe, 8cc. aboutthe full of the Msone; Ic is like alfo, that
the Humours in Mens Bodies; Increafe,and Decréafe, as the Moone doth;

For that then:the Hwmensrs will not replenith fo foone againes ©

0” As for the Exciting of the Motion of the Spirits; you mutt note that
the Growth of Hedges, Herbes, Haire, &ce. is caufedfrom the Moone, by
Exciting of the Spirtts;aswellas by Incresfe of the moiitare, Burfor Spi-
vritsin pattictilar; the reat Iafance isin Lunacies. area

hich are not yerbroughtinto Ob/ferwation. It may bé, thar if it fo fall
tid I . ; Hh 2 our,

Se a eters

+ Theremay be other Scerer Effed#s of the Influence of the Moone,|

237

‘890

8oI

893

894

And therefore itwere goad to Purge, fome day, or two, after the Fwll; ;

896

—_-~---*

Naturall Fiflory:

a aaa a

out, thatthe Wind be North, or North-Eaft, in the Ful of the azoone, it
increafeth Cold, And if South, or Sowth West, it difpofeth the aire, fora

good while, to Warmth, and Raine; Which would be obferued,

89 It may be, that Children, and Yowng Cattell, that are Brought forth in
the Full of the Moone,are {tronger,& larger, than thofe that are brought
forth in the Wane: And thofe alfo which are Begettem in the Fwil of the
Moone: So thatit might be good Husbandry, to put Rams, and Bulls to
their Females, fomewhat before the Fall of the Atcone. It may be alfo,
that the gs lay’d in the Full of the Moone, breed the better Bird: Anda
Number of the like Effeé#s, which may be brought into Ob/ermation:
Quare Mo, whether great Thunders, and Earth--Quakes, be not moft

233 |

i ee

in the Fad! of the Atoone ?
Exreniaeee The Turming of Wine to Vinegar; is a Kinde of Putrefaction : And
chung Vinegar in Making of Vinegar, they vie ro fet Feels of Wine oucr againft the

898 Noone-Sunne ; which calleth out the more Oyly Sviruts, and leaueth the
Liquour more Soure,and Hard, We {ec alfo, that Barat-Wine is more
Hard, and A Stringent, than Wine Vabarat. Ic is faid, that Cede in A amiga-
sions vnder the Line ripeneth, when Wane or Beere (oureth Ic were good
to fera Rundlet of Verinyce our againtt the Sanne, in Sammer, as they
doc Vinegar, to fee whether it will Ripen, and Swecten,

Experiment There be diuers Creatures, that Sleepe all Winter ; As the Beare, the
Solitary, tow- ' Hedye-hog, the Bat, the Bee, &c. Thefe all wax Fat when they Sleepe, and
ching Ci eaiures 5 : : : fe

shat lecpe all egeftnot. The Cau/e of their Fattesing, during their Sleeping time, may
winter. be the Want of Afirmilating ; For whatfocuct Afimilueth not to Fle,
899 =| turnetheither to Sweat, or Fat, Thefe Creatwres, for parcof their Slee-
ping Time,hauc been obferued not to Stérre atall; And for the other
part, to Stirre, but not to Remoue, And they get Warwe and Glofe Places
to Sleepe in. When the Flemmings Wintred in News Zembla, the Beares,
about the Midcle of Nowember, went to Sleepe; And then the Foxes be-
gan to come forth, whi¢h durft not before. It is noted by fome of the
Ancients, that the Shee-Beare breedeth, and lyeth in with her Young,du-
\ring thattime of Ref’; And thata Beare, Bég with Yowng; hath feldome

becne feene. o br A ceaenh .

Erpesmenc Some Liaing Creatures are Procreated by Copulation betweene Male,
Peace and Female; Some by Patrefaction ; Andof thofe which come by Patre-
rating of Crea | faction, many doe (neuertheleffe) afterwards procreate by Copulation.
wre: by Copula~| For the Cawfe of bath Gemerations : Firft, it is moft certaine, that the
rrefatbian ” Can/e of al) Viwification, is a Gentle and Propertionable Heat,working ypon
900 — | 2 Glutémous and Yeelding ‘ wh/lance: For the Heat dothbring foreh Spirst

in. that Subftance And the Subffance, being Glasinews;produccth Fwo

Effects: The One, that the Spirit is Detained, and cannot Breake forth:

The Ocher,that the asecter being Gentle,and Teelding,is driven forwards

by the AMotiem of the Spirits,after fome Swelling into Shepe,and —

ere-

a SS ae

1
| (Century, 1X. 239
| Therefore all Sperme, all Men/fruoss Sub/fance, all Matter whereof Crea-
tares are produced by Patrefaction, hauc cuermorea Clofene/[2, Lentour,
and Sequacity, It {eemeth therefore, that the Generation by Sperme onely,
and by Putre/acfion, haue two Different Canfes, The Firftis, for that
Creatures, which haue a Definite and Exa# Shape, (as thofe haue which
are Procreated by Copwlation,) cannot be produced by aWvake, and Ca-
fuall Heat; Not out of Matter, whichis not exactly Prepared, according
to the Species. The Second is, tor that there isa greater Time required.
for Maturation of Perfect Creatures; For if the Time required iv: Vinificati-
on be of any length, then the Spirit will Exhale, before the Creature be
Mature: Except it be Enclofed in a Place where it may haue Continuance
of the Heat, Acce/fe of {ome Nowri/bment to maintaine it, anc Clofese/fe_
that may keepe it from Exhaling. Andiuch Places are the Wombes, and
Matrices, ofthe Females, And therefore all Creatures, made ot Putrefa-
ion, arc of more Facertaine Shape, And are made in Shorter Time; And
need not fo Perfect an Enclofure, though fome Clofenefe be commonly
required, As fgr the Heathen Opinion, which was,that vpon great Mwta-

tions of the World, Perfec# Creatwres were firft Bngendred of Cope
cretion; As wellas Frogs, and Wormes, and Fises,and {uch like,

are now; Wee know it tobe vaine; Burif any fuch
Thing fhould be admitted, Difcourfing accor.
ding to “en/e, it cannot be, except you ad-
mita Chaos firkt, & Commixtare of Hea- —
wen, and Earth, Forthe Frame of ©
the World,once in Order,cans
not effet it by any Ex-

coffe, or Cafte
shir,

NAT V-

an

epee ¢ y
x Sina ta ‘a
5 ap acheter tain serena > J ee aS
, F =
hes ;

aa + ae sme D lie ae ae
ferasayl ens lDH9I0 Tiber re” in trks tat ee gg 7
‘a H caameneessS ts SSSUC RL ie hades rit anoelaicia git a5} 6s
<P petisich 2 1.4 0B patti ie MOL ota std 1
1706 yy opsetl ote aa yk: Fog ahwape 3: on erty
#3, bite: phe “Haydhasu! ad to iba mA er Sd Ales
ices brgooh Waar es ays. 30! 21 lide aa ‘oauene iad
Ti PRE MNT toaeomg 2t ox92 Lech Reto: 4 on BAe
“ss ais ae wii Hira a SOADIERAY ION jo wy isd
od 3 df) sratod ,\ache BA vegans? at a,
wihitwa®> oie) vent 220100 dea ibe O Aen a
RAS ‘rir thosbanthiart o2 ee dedhiewetuorn odes Sw caw
. iger wader orl ote wish: Comba sea ee i rhgoged Ghee
1“ jaya torhe ORD Dis azolorarly hte piace
1 DpAR sit wedi ap obo: 2a had. Nt aie
A ylaoinga 96h Spats gat gions 1 ea
AW I69ID Od’ IE hye Ruths bhatt)
wid: Jo bottect Eni Fae sa
coal! out bran ath Dive SRST Dew gh
cos, Mogi teu 5 onic oeoed ‘yay
pg mtoats ee Mee aaa
mojo anatt: #96 HOY 45 9KI ¢ scl onina sh
aN Lat Baad ARS enews 39) ene

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| Les “fh? nO gimnae re
= ; 2 og ena
ee clae , se m0 e Uday) ,

; a. t

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ie Sifalse his <r».
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vt rf hia Sp iaussi aye.
| HAM nha a

; A RR te MI ne eet be

Tare

ATVRALL
H ISTO RIE.

Vodods dai? WihatXoenwry. 'o +

a)

q| He Philofophie of Pythagoras, (vehich | F*rcrivenss

was full of Superffition,) did firlt | souching the
| planta Mow/frous Imagination Which | and Inflons of
afterwards was, by the Schoole of | Zermaand the
~ Plato,and Others, Watred,and Nouw- | F< of times
tithed. It was, that the World was
One, Entire, Perfett, Liuing Creaure ;
wae Ee Infomuch as Apollonius of Tyan, a
Pythagorean Prophet, afarmed, that the E/ding and Flowing
ofthe Sea, was the Reppiration of the World, drawing in Wa-
ter as Breath, and putting it forthagaine. They went on, and
inferred ; That if the World were a Liuing Creature, it had a
Sonle, and Spirit ; Which alfo they held, 'calling it Spiritus

Mundi; The Spirit or Soule of the World : By which they did

notincend God s(for they did admit of a Deitiebelides,) Ba
ls ! only

242

Experiments
in Confort,
Monitory, tou-
ching Zanf-
mifjio ct Serrits,
and the Force

of Imagination. | from Body to Body, (as the Plague, and the like,) itismoft certaine; that

901

— eer
only the Soule, or Effentiall Forme of the Vaiuerfe, This

Natural Hiftory:

Foundation being laid, they mought build vpon it, what they
would ; Forina Liuing Creature, though neuerfo great, (As
for Example, in agteat Vhale,) the Senfe, and the Affects of
any one Part of the Body, inftantly make a Tranfcurfion tho
rowout the whole Body : So that by this they did infinuate,
thar no Diftance of Place, nor Want or Indifpofition of Matter,
could hinder Magicall Operations ; But that, (for Example,)
wee mought here in Europe, haue Senfeand Feeling of thar,
which was done in China : And likewife, we mought worke
any Effect, without, and again{t Matter : And this,not Holpen
by the Cooperation-of Angels, or Spirits, but ea: theVni-
tiean'd Harmonie of Nature. There were fome alfo, that ftaid
not here ; but went further, and held; That if the Spirit of
Man, (whom they call the Microcofme;) doe giuea fit touch
to the Spirit of the World, by ftrong Imaginations, and Be-
leefes, tt might command Natre ; For Paracelfus, and fome
darkfome Authors of Magicke, doe afcribe to Imagination Ex-
alted, the Power of Miracle-working Faith. With thefe Vatt
and Bottomeleffe Follies,Men haue betn (in part) entertained.

But wee,’ that hold firme to the Works of God ; Andtothe
Senfe, which is Gods Lampe ; (Lucerna Dei Spiraculum Ho-
mints ; ) willenquire, with all Sobrietie, and Seueritie, whe-
ther there beto be found, in the Foot-fteps of Nature, any
fuch Tranfmifsion and Influx of Immateriate Vertues ; And
what the Force of Imagination is ; Either vpon the Body Ima-
ginant, or vpon another Body : Wherein it will be like that
Labour of Hercules, in Purging the Stable of Augeas, to fepa-
ratefrom Super/titiows, and Magicall Arts, and Obferuations,
any thing thatis cleane, and pure Natural ; And notto be ci-
ther Contemned, or Condemned. And although wee thal
hauc occafion to {peake of this in more Places than Ong, yer
we will now make fomeEntrancethereinto, ..

eel

Men are to be’ Admonithed, that they doe not with-draw Credit,
from the Operations by Tran/miffion of Spirits, and Force of Imagination,
becaufe the Effects. faile fometimes, For as in Infection, and Contagion

»

the

Century. Xe me 24.3 d

the Jufection is receiued (many times) by the Bad Pafiiae, but yer is by
the Ssrenzth, and good Di(po/ition thereof, Repulfed, and wrought our,
before it be formed into a Défea/e; So much more in Jmprefiiows from
Mindeto Minde, ot from Spirst to Spirit, the lmpre/ion taketh, buris En-
countred, and Quercome, by the Afinde and Spirit, which is Paffiue, be-
fore ic worke any manileft Zffec?, And therefore, they worke moft vp-
lon Weake Mindes, and Spirsts: As thofeof Women ; Sicke Per fons 5 Super
fiisiows, and Fearfull Perfons, Childrem, and Young Creatures;
Nefcie quis teneras Oculus mihi fafcinat Agnos :
|The Poet fpeaketh not of Sheepe, bucof Lambs, Astor the Weakneffe of
the Power ofthem, vpon Kings, and Magi/frates ; It may be afcribed, (be-
fidesthe maine, which is the Prote‘tion of God, ouerthofe that Execute
his Place,) to the /Veakne/fe of the Imagination of the Imaginant : For it is
‘hard, for abvitch, or a Sorcerer, bo puton a Beleefe, charthey can hurr
fuch Perfons.
| Memaretobe Admonifhed, on the other fide, thattheydoenot ¢a-} go
| fily giue Placeand Credit to thefe Operations, becaufe they Succeed many
times ; Forthe Caw/e of this Succefe, is (oft) to be truly afcribed, vnto
the Force of Affection and Imagination, vpon the Body Agent ; Andthen
by a Secondary Meanes, it may worke vpon a Diwers Body : As for Exam-
| ple ; [fa Map carry a Planets Seale, or a Ring, or fome Part of a Beaft, be-
leening ftrongly, thatit will helpe him tg obtaine his Lowe ; Or to keepe
him from danger of hurt in Fight ; Or to preuailein a Swit ; &c. it may
make him more Aéfixe, and Jndu/frious ; And againe, more Confident,
‘and Per/ifting, than otherwife he would be. Now the great Effecés that
may come of /adu/frie, and Perfewerance, (e{peciatly in Cinsll Bufine/e,)
who knoweth not ? For wee fee Awdacitie doth almoft binde and mate
\ the weaker Sort of Minds ; And the State of Humane Actions is fo varia-
ble, that to trie Things oft, and neuer to giue oner, doth VVonders:
Therefore, ir were a Meere Fallacie and Mé/Paking, to afcribe that to the
Force of Imagination, vpon another Body, whichis but the Force of Zma-
gination vpon the Proper Body : For there is no doubr, but that Jmsagina-
tion, and Vehement Affection, worke greatly vpon the Bedy of the Jmagi-
| gant : As wee {hall fhew in due place.
Men are to be Admonifhed, that as they arenotto miftake the Cawfes| 903
| of thele Operations ; So, much lefle, they areto miftake the Fac#, or Ef
fe 5 And rafhly co take that for done, whichis not done. And there-
‘fore, as diuers wife Judges haue prefcribed, and cautioned, Men may
nor too rafhly beleeue, the Confefions of Witches, nor yet the Eatdenceo
‘againftthem. For the Witches themfelnes are Imaginative, and beleeue
-oft-times, they doethat, which they docnot: And People are Credulous
in that point, and ready toimpute Accidents, and Natwrall Operations, to.
| Witeb-Craft. Iris worthy the Obferuing, that both in Ancient, and Late
| times 3 (As inthe Theffalian Wuches, and the Meetings of Witches that
haue beene recorded by fo many late ConfefSions ; ) the great Wonders
| which they tell, of Carrying in the Aire ; Transforming themf{elues into:
li other}

s ———e
eS eS ee

2A, Naturall Aiftory:

other Bodies ; &c. are ftill reported to be wrought, not by Incantations,
or Ceremonies; But-by Ointments, and Annointing themfelues all ouer.
This may iuftly mouea Man to thinke,that thefe Fables are the Effeé#s of
Imagination : For itis certaine, that O¢vtments doc all,(if they be laid on
any thing thicke,) by Stopping of the Pores, {hut in the Vapours, and fend
them to the Head extremely, And for the Particular /ngredsents of thofe
Magical Ointments,it is like they are Opiate, and Soporiferous. For Annoin-
ring of the Fore-bead, Necke, F cet, Back-Boxe, we know is vied for Procu-
ring Dead Sleepes: And if any Mam fay, that this Effect would be better
done by Inward Potions; Anfwer may be made, that the Medicines,
which goe to the Ointments, are fo {trong ,that if they were vfed inwards,
they would kill thofe that vfe them: And therefore they worke Potent- |
ly, though Outwards, “ )

We will diuide the Seucrall Kindes of the Operations, by
Tran{mifvion of Spirits,and Imagination , Which will giue no
fmallLightto the Experiments that follow. All Operations by
Tran[mifsion of Spirits, and Imagination haue this, That they
Worke at Diftance,and not at Touch ; And they are thefe be-
ing diftinguifhed. = * °

904 The Firft is the Tran/miffion or EmifSion, of the Thinner, and more
Airy Parts of Bodies; As in Oddurs, and Infettions ; And this is,ofall the
reft, the moft Corporeall. But you muft remember withall, that there be

_|a Number of thofe Emiffions,both Wholefome,and Vawholefame,that giue}
no Smell at all: For the Plagwe; many times, when itis taken, giueth no
Sentat all: And therebe many Good and Healthful Aires, that doe ap-
peare by Habstation, and other Proofes, that differ notin Swell from o-
ther Aires, And vnder this Head, you may place all smsbibitions of Aire,
where the Subjfamce is Material, Odowr-like;, VVhereof fome neuerthe-
leffe are ftrange, and very fuddenly diffufed; As the Alteration, which
the dire recciueth in eAgypt,almoft immediately,vpon the Réfiag of the

; Riner of Nilus, whereofwe haue {poken, ; os

905 The Second is the Tran/mifSion or Emiffion of thofe Things thatwee
call Spiritual Species; As Vifibles, and Soumds: The one whereof wee
hate handled; And the other we fhall handle in due place, Thefe moue
fwiftly, and at great diftance; But then they require a Medium well dif-
pofed, And their Zran/m:fiion is cafily topped. .

906 The Third is the Emi/fons, which caufe Attraction of Certaine Bodies

| at Di/fance ; VVherein though the Loadfonebe commonly placed in the
| Firft Ranke, yet we thinke good to except it, and referre it to another

| Head: But the Drawing of Amber, and Jet, and other Eleé#ricke Bodies ;

And the Afttraétion in Gold of the Spirit of Quick-Siluer,at diftance;And

the Attraction of Heat at diftance ; And thatof Fire to Néphtha; And

that of fome Herbs to Water,though at diftance; And diners others;VWe

fhall handle, but yet not vinder this prefent Title, butynder the Title of
Attrattion in generall.

i

The

/ The Fourth is che Emifion of Spirits, and Jmmateriate Powers and
Pertwes, in thofe Things, which worke by the Vniwer/all Confieuration,
and Sympathy of the World; Not by Formes, or Celeftiall Inflaxes, (as is
‘vainly caught and received ,) but by the Primitine Natare of Matter, and
the Seeds of Things. Of this kinde is, (as we yet fuppofe,) the PVorking of
the Load-Stone, which is by Com/emt with the Globe of the Earth: Of this
|Kindeis the Motion of Grawity, which is by Confent of Den/e Bodies, with
the Globe of the Earth: Of this kinde is fome Dsfofition of Bodies to Ro-
‘tation, and particularly from Ea/? to Weft : Of which kinde we conceiue
~ \the Maine Float and Re-float of the Sea is, whichis by Confént of the Vui-
‘wer/e, as Part of the Diwrnall Motion. Thefe Jmmateritie Vertues haue this |
Property differing from Others ; That the Dinerfity of the Medinm hin- |
dreth chem nor; But they pafle through all Mediwms,yet at Determinate |
diftances, And of thef we thall peake, as they are incident to feucrall |
Titles,

The Fifth fs the Emsifiteas of Spirits; And this is the Principallin our
Intention to handle now in this Place: Namely,the Operation of the Spis
rits of the finde of Man, vpon other Spirits: And this is ofa Double Na-
ture: The Operations of the Affections, if they be Vehement; And the

ation of the Imagination, it tbe Strong, But thefe two are fo Cou-
pled, as we thall handie them together: For when an Emwiow, or Amo-
rous A/pett, doth infect che Spirits of Another, there is loyned both
Affection, and Imagination.

The Sixth is, the Influxes of the Heawenly Bodies, befides thofe two
Manifeft Ones, of Heat,and Light, But thefe we will handle, where we
handle the Cele/tiall Bodies, and Motrons, :

~The Seuenth is the Operations of Sympathy; Which the Writers of
Natarall Magickehauc brought into an rt, or Precept: And it is this$
That if you defire to Super-induce,any Vertue or Di/pofition, vpon a Per-
on, you fhould take the Liwing Creatare, in which that Vertue is moft E-
minent, and in Perfection: Of that Creature you muft take the Parts,
wherein that Vertue chiefly is Collocate : Againe, you mutt take thofe
Parts, inthe Time, and Ad, when that Vertue is moft in Bxercife; And
then you muft apply it to that Partof Man, wherein that Vertue chiefly |
Confifteth. As if you would Super-induce Courage and Fortitude, take a ;
Lion, or aCocke ; Andtake the Heart, Tooth, or Paw ofthe Zon; Or the |
Heart, or Spurre of the Cocke : Take thofe Parts immediately after the |
Lion, ot the Cocke haue beene in Fight; And let chem be wotne, vpon a
Mans Heart,or Wreft. Ofthefe and fuch like Symparhies, we (hall {peake
vnder this prefent Title, (v
~ The Eighth and laft is, an EmsifSton of Immateriate Vertues ; Such as
wate alittle doubtfull to Propound ; It is fo prodigious: But thar it
{s fo conftantly auouched by many: And weehaue fet it downe, asa |
Law to our Selucs, to examine things to the Bottome ; And not to re-
ceiue vpon Credit, ot reiect vpon Emprobabilities,vorill theré hath paft
fed a due Examination; This is, the Sympathy of Indtaidwals : For as
ie biz there |

245

907

908

git

24:6

|| Experiments
{| in Confort,

touching Emi(-

| fier of Spirits

* |} in Vapour, or

- {|-Exbalation, O-
dour-like.

912
B43

STS

916

Naturall Hiftory:

apy obama Se
there is a Sympathy of Species; So,(it may be) there is a Sympathy of Zndi-
ideals : Thar is, chatin Things, or the Parts of Things, that haue beene
once Contiguor, or Entire, there fhould remaine a Tran/mifsion of Vertue,
from che One to. the Other: As betweenethe Weapou, and the Wound,

Whereupon is blazed abroad the Operation of Vnguentum Teli: And fo\ |
ofa Peese of Lard, or Sticke of Elder, &c, that if Part of it be Confumed

or Putrified, \izavill workeypon the other Part Seuered. Now wee will
purfue the dostances themf{clues,

... The Plague is matry times taken without Manife# Senfé, as hath
beene faid,,, And they report, that where it is found, it hatha Sent,of the
Smell ofa Mellow Apples And (as fomefay) of May-Flowers : And it is
alfo receined, that Smelsof Flowers, that are Mellow and Lufbiows,atc ill
forthe Plagwe; As White Lillies, Cowflips, and Hyacinths.
The Plagwe is not eafily receiued by fuch, as continually are about
them, that haue the Plague, As Keepers of the Sicke, and Phyfitians ; Nor
againe by fuchas take Amtidotes, cither Inward, (as Mithridate; Inniper=
| Berries ; Rue; Leafé and Seed; &c.) Or Outward, (as Angelica, Zedoary,
and the like, in the Mouth; Tarre, Galbasum, and the like, in Perfume ;)
| Ner agaiue by Old People, and {uch as are ota Dry and Cold Complexion.
On the other fide, the P/ague taketh foonelt hold of thofe,that come out
ofa Frefh Aire; And of thofe tharare Fa/fing ; And of Children; And it
| is likewife noted to goe in a Blowd, more than toa Stranger.
|... The moftPerniciousJsfection, next the Plague, is the Smell of the
| layle; When Pri/aners hauc beene Long, and Clofe, and Naftily kepts
| Waereofwe haue had, in our time, Experience, twice or thrice ; when
both the Jedges that fate vpon the Jaye, and Numbers of thofe that at-
tended the Bufineffe, or were prefent, Sickwed vpon it, and Died. Ther-
{fore it were good wifdome, that in fuch Cafes, the Jayle were Aired, be-
fore they be brought forth, a xa
_, Out of guettion, if fuch Fonle Smels be made by Art, and by the
Hand, they confift chicfly of Mans Fle/b, or Sweat, Putrified; For the
arenotthofe Stiackes, which the Nofthrils freight abhorre, and expell,
that are molt Pernicious ; But fuch Asres,as haue fome Similitude with
Mans Body; And fo infinuate themfelues, and betray the Spirits, There
may, be great danger, invfing fuch Compofitions, in great Meetings of
People, within Houfes; As in Charches,At Arraignments; At Playes and
Solewsnities ; And thelike ; For Poyfoming of dire isno lefle dangerous
chan Poyfoning of Water ; VWhich hath beene vfed by the, Zwrkes in the
Varres; And was vfed by Emanuel Commenus towards the Chriffians,
when they.pafled thorow his Cowatrey to the Holy Land, Andthefe Em-
poifonments of dire, arethe more dangerous in Meetings of People ; Be-
eaule the much, Breath of People, doth further the Resepsion of the Jnfecti-
on: And therefore,whereany fuch Thing is feared, it were good,thofe
Pablique Places were pertumed, before the 4ffemblies. ' ;
The Zimpoy/oument of Particular Per/ons, by Odoars, hath beene re
porte

oe rt

} dus

a a i

eB
_portedieo bain Perfumed Gloues, or the like: And itis like, they Mingle
| che Pe/em that is deadly, with fome Smels chat are. Sweet, which alfo
ls ithe fooner receiued, Plagges alfo haue been raifed by Anzsin-

| tines of che Chiackes of Doores,and the l:ke ; Not{o muchbythe Touch,
ma stor that itis ¢ammion for Men, whenthey finde any thing Wetv¥pon
their Fingers, to put them to their Nofe ; Which Men therefore fhould
akc heed how they doe. The beftis that thefe Commpefitions of Infectious

Aires, cannot be made without Danger,of Death, to them that make
‘chem, But then againe, they may hauéfome Astidotes to faue them-
\ feluies sSo that Men ought notto be feeureofit,

_\ There haue beene, in diuers Countries, great Plagues, by the Putre-
| faction, of great Swarmes of Gra//e- Hoppers, and Locusts, when they haue
{ beene dead, and caft vpon Heaps.
tele hapneth oft in Mimes;that thereare Damps; which kill, either by
| Suffocation, or by che Poyfenens Nature of the Atimeral: And thofe that
| deale much in Refaing, or other Workes about Metals, and Minerals,
i have their Braines Hurtand Stupefied by the Metalline Vapowrs. Amongtt

‘which, it is noted, chat the Spirits of Quick-Siluer, eucr fly tothe § kall,
; Zeeth, ox Bones Infomuch as Gilders yletohaue a Peece of Gold in
their Atouth; to;draw the-Spirits of the Quick-Silaer 5 Which Gold af-
retwards they finde td b¢ Whisened, Thereare alfo certainie Lakes,and
Pitt, {uch as that of Awernna,thatPoyfon Birds,(as is {aid,)which fly over
\chem:; Or Men;shat tay toddongaboutthem. § =... A om
' The Vapour of Char-Caale, or Sea-Coale, ina ClofeRoome, hath kil-
led many.;,And itis the more dangerous; becauftiecommeth without
| any 70 SmellyBus\ftealeth on by little and little Enducing dnly a Faint-|
nefe;without any Manifeft Strangling. VVhen the Datch- Maen Wirttred
at Nowa Zembla,and that they could gather no more Stickes,they fell to
make Fire of fome Sea-Coale they had, wherewith (at firft) they were
much refrefhed;Buta little after they had fit about the Fire, there grew
1a Gencrall Silerice, and lothneffe to fpeake-amongft them; And im-
mediately after, (One of the Weakeft of the Company, fell downe in a
Swoune; Whereupon they doubting what it was, opened their doore,
ito let in Aire ;,and fo faued themfelues. The Effect (no doubt) ts
| wrought bythe Jmpi(/atien of the Aire; And foof the Breath, and Spr-
‘tits, The like enfueth in Roomes newly Plaftered, if a Firebe made in
thems. Whereofno lefle 24a than the Emperoar Iodinianus Died,
- Kidethe Experiment,803.10uching the iwfectiom Nature ofthe Aire,| 920
_ vpon the Firkt Showers, after long Drought.
___ Ithathcometo pafle, thar {ome Aporhecaries; vpon Stamping of Te-| 921
-loquintida, haue btene put into a great Skouring, by the Vapoar only.
It hath beene a Pragife, roburnea Pepper, they call Gimay-Pepper;| 92.2
—Whichhath fuch a ftrong. Spirit, that it prouoketh a Comtianall Sace-
| Ring,iathofe that are in the Roome.

i | :Atisan Ancient Tradition,chat Bleare-Eyes infeGt Sdwnd-Eyes ; And
that, 4 Menftruons Woman, looking ypon aGlaffe, doth ruftit, Nay they

\ ees? hauc,

917

918

a?

923

eres

925

926

928

* hauean Opinion, which feemeth Fabulous ; That Menflruous Women, ‘p0-

yn a ge

a

Natural Fiiftory :

ing ouera Field, ot Garden, doc Corne and Herbes good by Killing the
Wormes. :

The Tradition is no leffe Ancient, that the Bafiléke killeth by 4-
pect, And that the Wolfe, if he fee a Man firt, by fect ftriketh a Man
hoarfe, :

Perfumes Conuenient doe dry and ftrengthen the Braime; And flay
Rheames and Defluxions ; As we finde in Fame of Rofe-Mary-dryed, and
Lignum Aloés,and Calamus, taken at the Mouth, and Nofthrils; And no
doubt there be other Perfumes, that doemoiften, and refrefh; And are
fittobe vfed in Barning Agues, Confumptions, and too much Wakeful-
neffe; Such as are, Ro(e-Water, Vinegar, Limon- Pills, Violets, the Leames of
Vines {princkled witha little Rofe-Water, &c.

’ They doe vfe in Sudden Faintings, and Swownings, to put a Handker-
chiefe with Rofe-Water, or a Little Vimegar,to the Nofe; Which gathereth
together againe the Spirits, which are vpon point to refolue, and fall
away.

Tobacco comforteth the Spéréts, and difchargeth Wearineffe; Which| .

it worketh partly by Openings But chiefly by the Opiate Vertwe, which
condenféth the Spirits, It were good therefore’ to try the Taking o
Fumes by Pipes, (as they doe in Tobaceo,) of other Things; As well to
dry, and comfort, as for other Jtentions, I with Triallbe made of the
Drying Fume, of Ro/é-Mary,and Lignum Alots, before mentioned,in Pipe;
And fo of Nw#tmeg, dnd Folinm Indum ; &c. NMO4,

The Following of the Plosgh, hath been approued, for Refre/bing the
Spirits, and Procuring Appetite: But to doc it in the Plomphing for Wheat,

‘| or Rye, is not fo good ; Becaufe the Earth hath {pent her Sweet Breath,

in Vegetables, put forth in Summer, It is better therefore todoe it, when
you fow Barley, But becaufe Ploughing is tied to Seafons, it is beftto
take the Aire of. the Earth, new turned vp, by Digging with the spade; Or
Standing by him that Diggeth, Gemtlewomen may doe themfelues much
good by kneeling vpon a Cufhion, and Weeding, And thefe Things you

‘| may pradtife in the beft Sea/ous ; Which is euer the Early Spring, before }.
\the Earth putteth forth the Vegetables; And in the Swreete/t Earth you

| can chufe.[t would be done alfo,when the Déw isa littleoff the Ground,
left the Vapour be too Moift, 1 knew a great Man, that lined Long, who

_ had a Cleane cled of Earth, brought to him euery Morwing,as he fate in
his Bed; And he would hold his Head ouer it, a good pretty while, I

| Commend alfo, fometimes, in Digeénug of New Earth,to poure in fome
Malmefey, or Greeke Wine 5 That the Vapour of the Earth, and Wine toge-
ther, may comfort the Spirits, the more ; Prouided alwaies, itbenot ta-
ken, fora Heathen Sacrifice, or Libation to the Earth.

They haue, in Phy/icke, Vie of Pomanders,and Knots of Powders,for
Drying of Rheumes, Comforting of the Heart, Prowoking of Sleepe, Sec, For
though thofe Things be not fo Strong as Perfrmes, yet you oe
them continually in your Hand; whereas Perfames you can takebut at
Temes

|
.

| » Century, X.

Times ; And befides,there be diuers Things, that breath better of them-
felues, than when they cometo the Fire; As Nigella Romana, the Seed
of Atelanthiam, Amomum, &c.

There be two Things, which (inwardly vfed ) doe Coole and con-
denfe the Spérits ; And I with the fame to be tried outwardly'in Vapours.
The On¢ is Aire, which I would haue diffolued in Mfalme/ey, or Greeke-
Wine, and fo the Smell of the Wine taken ; Or if you would haue it more
forcible, poure of it vpona Fire-pan, well heated, as they doe Rofe-Wa-
ter, and Vinegar, The other is, the Distilled Water of Wilde Poppy ; which

I with to be mingled, at halfe, with Ro/e-Water, and fo taken with fome
Mixture of afew Clones, in a Perfuming-Pan. The like wouldbe done
with the Dé/filled Water of Saffron Flowers.

Smells of Muske,and Amber, and Cinit,are thought to further Vene-
reous Appetite : Which they may doe by the Refrefhing and.Calling forth
of the Spirits.

Incenfé,and Nidorous Smells,(fuch as were of Sacrifices,) were thought

to Intoxicate the Braine, and to difpofe Mes to Desotion: VVhich they
| may doe, by akinde of Sadne//e, and Contriftation of the Spirits: And
partly alfo by Heating, and Exalting them. Wee fee, that amongft the

es. ;
Mericr be fome Perfumes, preferibed by the Writers of Natarall Ma-
icke, which procure Pleafapt Dreames ; And fome others, (as they
ay,) that procure Propheticall Dreames; Asthe Seeds of Flax, Flea-
Wwe,

It is certaine, that Odowrs doe, ina fall Degree, Nourifh; Efpe-
cially the Odewr of Wine» And we fee Mena hungred, doc louc to {mell
Hot Bread, Uis related, that Democritus, when he lay a dying, heard.a
Woman, in the Houfe, complaine, that fhe fhould be kept from being at
a Fea/f, and Solemmity, (which fhe much defired to fee,) becaufe there
would bea Corps in the Houfe ; Whereupon he caufed Loanes. of New
Bread tobe fent for, and opened them; And powred alittle Wine into
them; And fo kept himfelfe aliue with the Odour of them, till the Fea/f
was paft. I knew a Gentleman, that would faft (fometimes) three or

oute, yeafiue dayes, without Meat,Bread,or Drinke ; But the fame 44an
vfed to haue continually; a great Wijpe of Herbes, that he {melled on +
And amongft thofe Herbes, {ome E/culent Herbs of ftrong Sent 5 As Oni-
ons, Garlitke, Leckes,and the like,"

They doevfe, for the Accident of the Mother, to burne Feathers, and
other Taiags of Ill Odour: And by thofe ll Smells, the Rifing of the Mo.
ther is putdowne. it!

~ There be Aires,which the Phyfitians aduife their Patients toremoue
vnto, in Con/umptions,orvpon Reconery of Long Sickne/fes:VWVhich (com- |
monly) are Plaine Champaignes, but Grafing, and not Ouer-growne with
| Heath, or the like : Ox elfe Timber-Shades, as in Forre/ts,and the like. It is
| noted alfo, that Groues of Bayes doe forbid Peflilent Aires; VWhich was
al accounted

Tewes, the Principall Perfume of the Sanctuary,was forbidden all Common | _

249

930

933

954

936

250 | : Naturalt Hiftory :

alfo fome Soyles chat put forth Odorare Herbes of themfeclues; As Wilde»
ThymeWilde Maioram , Penny-Roiall ; Camomill ; Avd in which the Brigy-
Rofes {mell almoft like Meske-Rofes; VWhich (no doubt) are Signesthat
doe difcouer an Excellent Asre.

937 It were good for Afen, to thinke of having Healthfull Aire, in their
Houfes; Which will neuer be, if the Roames be Low-roofed,or full of Win.
dowes, and Doores; For the one maketh the Aire Clofe,andnot Frefh;
And the other maketh it Exceeding Vnequall; Which isa great Enemy
to Health, The Windowes alfo fhould not be high vp to the Roofe,(which

not wholefome ; But Zémsber is more wholefome ; And efpecially Brick,
Nay it hath beene vfed by fome, with great Succeffe, to make their
Walls thicke ; And to puta Lay of Chalke betweene the Brickes, to take
away all Dampifbneffe. .

25) amp Thefe Emsifions, (as we {aid before,) are handled, and ought tobe
ching the Emif handled, by themfelues, vnder their Proper Titles: That is, Yifibles,and
fons ot Spiritual | Agdibles, each a-part : In this Place, it fhall fuffice to giue fome generall
ee wiih. |Obferuations, Common to both, Firft, they feeme tobe Incorporeall,Se-
fis. condly, they Worke Swiftly. Thirdly, they Worke at Large Diftances,
938 | Fourthly, in Cursous Varieties Fifthly,they are not Effectine of any Thing;

Nor leaue no Worke behinde them; But are Emergies meerely ; For their

Working vpon Mirrours, and Places of Eccho, doth notalter any Thing in

cuffed, And as for the Shaking of Windowes, or Rarefying the Aire by
Great Noy/es; And the Heat caufed by Bursing-Glaffes; They are rather
Coucomitants of the Audible, and Vifible Spectes,than the Effec?s of them,
Sixthly, they feeme to be of fo Tender,and Weake a Nature,as they affea
onely fuch a Rare, and Attenuate Swb/fance, as is the Spsyit of Liasng
Creatures,

Experiments It is mentioned in fome Stories, that where Childrem haue been Ex-
serie pofed, ortaken away young from their Parents; And that afterwards
Entifion of Im-| they haue approached to their Parents prefence, the Parents, ( though
Ieee nat We | they hauenot knowne them,) haue had a Secret Jey, or Other Alteration
| Mindes, ang | thereupon,
{Spiritsofm, | There was an egyptian Sonth-Sayer, that made Anthonixs beleeuc,
ak by at *| that his Gewizs, (which.otherwife was Brase, and Confident,) was, iu the
Imaginations,or | Prefence of Odfauianus Cefar, Poore, and Cowardly: And therefore, he
byother Im | aduifed him, to abfent himfelfe, (as much as he could,) andremoue far
protons. fromhim, This South-Sayer was tho ught to be fuborned by Cleopatra,
939 | tomake him liuein eAigypt, and other Remote Places from Rome, How-
94° — | foeuer the Conceit of a Predominant or Maflering Spirit, of one Man

ouer Another, is Ancient, and Recciued ftill, euen in Yalgar Ops-

U0. ;
There

ae

accounteda great Caw/e of the Wholefome Aire of Antiochia, There be |

is in vic for Beauty, and Magnificence,) but Low. Alfo Stone-Walls are}

thofe Bodies ; But it is the fame défion with the Origéwall, onely Reper-|

—_ : P ’
eo en

CAs

4

ee —

ao

choly Niture, doe incline the Company, into which they come, to be Sad,
jand /2 d:pefed ; And contrariwife, that Others, that are of a Lowiall Na-
ture, doedifpofe the Company to be Merry and Cheerefull, And againe,
that fome Mes are Lacky to be kept Company with and Employed; And O-
thers Vxlucky. Certainly, it is agreeable to Reafon, that there are, atehe
leait; fome Light Efflaxions from Spirit to Spirit, when Men are in Pre-
/ence one with another, as well as from Body to Body.
| Ithathbeene obferued, that Old Mem, who hauic loued Young Com-
| pany, and bcene Conuerfant continually with them, baue beene of Long
Life; Their Sprits, (as it feemeth,) being Recreated by {uch Company,
Such were the Ancient Sopbijts,and Rhetortcians ; VV hich euer had Tonng
| Auditours,and Difciples; As Gorgtas, Protagor as, Jfocrates, &c, Who li-
; ued till they werean Hundred yeares Old, Andfolikewife did many
of the Grammasrians, and Schoole.Méfeers ; {uch as was Orbilius, &c.
Asdscity and Confidence doth, in Ciuill Bufinefle, fo great Ef-
fects, as a’ Man may ( reafonably ) doubr; that befides the very Da-
ving, and Earneftne(fé, and Perfisting and Jmportunity, there fhould be
‘fome Secret Binding, and Stooping of other Mens Spirits, to fiich
Perfens. .

The Affeéfions(no doubt)doe make the Spirits more Powerfull,and
AGtine ; And cfpecially thofe Affections, which draw the Spirits into the
Eyes: VVhich are two : Lowe, and Enuy, which iscalled Ocwlus Malus.As
for Lone, the Plutonifts, (fome of them,) goe fo farre, as to hold that the
Spiritof the Lower, doth paffe into the Spsrits, of the Perfom Loned ;
Which caufeth the defire of Retuirne into the Body, whence itwas Emit-
ted: \Vhereuponfolloweth that Appetite of Contact, and Coniunction,
whichis in Lowers, And this is obferued likewifc, thatthe pects that
procure Lowe, are not Gazings, but Sudden Glances, and Dartings of the
Eye, As for Eway, that emitteth fome Maligne and Poyfonows Spirit,
which taketh hold of the Spirit of Another; And is likewife of greateft
Force, when the Caf? of the Eye is Oblique. It hath beene notedalfo,that

| itis moft Dangerous, when an Enusous Eye is caft vpon Perfons in Glory,
and Trismph,and oy, The Rea/on whereof is, for thar, at fuch times,the
Spirits come forth moft, into the Outward Parts,and fo meet the Percu/-
fiom of the Eunious Eye, more at Hand: And therefore it hath beene no-
_ | ted,thatafter great Triamphs, Mew hauc beene ill difpoféd, for fome
| Daiesfollowing. We fee the Opinion of Fafcimation is Ancicnt, for
| both Effec#s; Of Procuring Lowe; And Sickncfe cauled by Enuy: And
| Fafcination is euet by the Bye, But yet ifthere be any fuch Jafection from
| Spirit to Spirit, thereis no doubt, but that it worketh by Prefence, and
not by the Eye alone; Yer moft Forcibly by the Eye, \

__ Feare,and Shame, are likewife Jnfectine; For we {ee that the Star-
ting of one will make another, ready to Start : And when one Adam
is oa of Conmtenance in a Company, others doe likewife Blufhin his be-
ha c, <rG +) ‘1 HOGAN ‘ DO.

ee

There are Conceits, that fome Aves, thatare ofan Ji, and Melap-\

Kk Now!

251

941

942

943

944

945

252

Naiurall Hiftory :

Now we will fpeake of the Force of Imagination vpon o-
ther Bodies; And of the Meanesto Exalt and Strengthen it.
Imagination, in this Place, I vnderftand to be, the Reprefenta-
tion of an Indiniduall Thought. Imagination is of three Kinds:
The Firlt Ioyned with Beleefe of that which is toCome: The
Second Ioyned with Memory of that which is Paf?: And the
Third is of Things Prefent, or as if they were Prefent; For I
comprehend in this, Imaginations Faigned,and at Pleafurea ;
As if one fhould Imagine {uch a Manto be in the Veffments of
a Pope; Or to haue Wings. I fingle out, for this time, that
which is with Faith, or Beleefeof that whichis to Come. The
Inquifition of this Subieét, in our way, (which is by In-
duétion,) is wonderfull hard ; for the Things that are reported,
are full of Fables; And New Experiments can hardly be made,
but with Extreme Caution, for the Reafon which wee will
hereafter declare.

The Power of Imagination is in three Kindes; The Firft,
vpon the Body of the Imaginant; Including likewifethe Childe
in the Mothers Wombe ; The Second is, the Power of it ypon
Dead Bodies, as Plants,W ood, Stone, Metall, &c. The Third is,
the Power of it, vpon the Spirits of Men,and Liwing Creatures:
And with this laft we will onely meddle.

The Probleme therefore is, whether a Man Constantly and
Strongly Beleeuing, that {uch a Thing fhall be ;(Asthat fuch an
One will Loue Him;Or that fuch an One will Grant bim his Re-
quest; Or that fuch an One fall Recouer a Sickneffe; Or the
like ; ) It doch helpeany thing to the Effeéting of the Thing it
felfe. And hereagaine we maft warily diftinguifh ; For it is
not meant, (as hath beene partly {aid before,) that it fhould
helpeby Making a Man more Stout, or more Induftriows ; (In
which kinde a Conftant Beleefe doth much ; ) Bat meerely by
a Secret Operation, or Binding, or Changing the Spirit of Ano-
ther : Andinthis ivis hard, (as we began to fay, ) to make any
New Experiment ; For Lcannot command my Selfe.to Beleoue,
whacl will,and fo no Trial can be made: Nayitis worle ;
For wharfoeuer a Man Imagineth doubtingly, or with Feare., |
mult necds doe hurt, if Imagination haue any Poweratall ,

For

(Century. X,

Por a Man reprefenteth that oftner, that hefeareth, than the
contrary.

The Helpe therefore is, fora Man to worke by Anotber,in
whom he may Create Beleefe, and not by Him/eife; Vutill
Flim/elfe hauc found by Experience, that Imagination doth
preuaile ; For then Experience worketh in Him/elfe Beleefe ;
If the Beleefe, that {uch a Thing thall be, be ioyned with a Be-
leefe,that his Imagination may procure it.

For Example; I related one time toa Afas, that was Curious, and
Vaine enough in thefe Things ; That J /aw « Kinde of Iugler, that had a
Paire of Cards, and would tell a Man what Card he thought, This Preten-
ded Learned Man told me; Itwasa Miftaking in Me; For (fatd he)
it wees not the Knowledge of the Mans Thought, (for that is Proper to
God,) bus it was the Inforcing of a Thought vpos him, and Binding his
Imagination by 4 Stronger, that he could Thinke no other Card. And

, thereupon he asked mea .Qwe/fion, or two, which I thoughthe did but
| cunningly, knowing before what vfed to be the Feats of the Jagler, Sir,
( [aid bee,) doe you remember whether he told the Card, the Man thought,
Himfelfe, 7 bade Another to tell it.I arifwered (as was true;) That be bade
Another tell it, Whereuntohe faid ; soz thought : For ([aid he) Him/{elfe
could wot haue put on /o trong aw Imagination; But by telling the other the»
Card, (who beleewed that the ugler mas fame Strange Man, and cowld does
Strange Things,) that other Man caught 4 /trong Imagination. I harkened
vnto him, thinking for a Vanity he {poke prectily. Then he asked'me an-
other Queftiew : Saith he;Doe you remember, whether he bad the Man think
the Card firjtand afterwards told the other Man in his Eare what be fhould
thinke, Or elfe that he did wh (per fir/t in the Mans Eare, that howld tell the
Card, selling shat fach a Man fheuld thinke [ach a Card, an after bade the
Man thinke a Card > I told him, as was true ; That he did Sift whipper the
Man dn the Eare,that (uch a Man fhould thinke Sach a Card: Vpon this the
Learned Man did much Exult, and Pleafe himfelfe, faying ; Lve,yow may
Seethat my Opinion is right : For if the Man had thought firft, bis Thought
had beene Fixed; But the other Imagining fir/? bound hi Thought. Which
though it did fomewhar finke with mec, yet I made it Lighter than I

thought, and faid ; I thought it was Confederacy, berweene the lugler, |,

and the two Servants : Though (Indeed) Ihad no Reafon foto thinke:
) For they were both my Fathers Seruants; And he had neuer plaid in the
Houfe before, The Zugler alfo did caufe a Garter to be held vp; And
tooke vpon him, to know, that firch a One, fhould pointinfuch a Place,
ofthe Garter ; As it fhould be neare fo many Jaches to the Longer End,
and fo many to the Shorter; And ftillhedid it, by Fér/? Telling the Imsa-
gémer, and after Bidding the Adfour TI binke,

Hauing told this Relation, not for the Weight thereof, but
Kk 2 . __ becaufe

i

253

546

Natural Fiftory:

ta ag en
becaufeit doth handfomely open the Nature of the Queftions
Treturne to that I faid; That Experiments of Imaginationsmuft
bepractifed by Others, andnot by aMans Selfe, For there be
| Three Meanes to fottific Beleefe : The Firlt is Experience : The
| secondis Reafon : Andthe Third is Authoritic : And that of
| chefe, which is farre the moft Potent, is Authoritie : For Beleefe
vpon Rea/on, or E xperience, will Stagger.

For Authoritie, it is of two Kindes ; Beleefeinan Art ; And Belecfe
ina aan, And for Things of Beleefe in an Art ; A Man may exercife
| them by Him/elfe But for Beleefe ina Man, it mutt beby Another, Thet-

fore, if a Man beleeucin Affrologie, and finde a Figure Profperous ; Or

beleeuein Natural Magicke, andthat a Ring with fucha Stone, or fuch a
Peece of a Lining Creature, Carried, will doe good ; It may helpe his
Imagination : But the Beleefe ina Janis farre the more Adiue, But how-
focuer, all Authoritie muft be out of a Mans Selfe, turned (as was faid,)
either vpon an Art, or vpon a Maw : And where Authoritie is from one
Man to another, there the Second muft be Zgnorant, and not Learned, or
| Bull of Theughts; And fuchare (for the moft part) all Witches,and Super-
jiitious Perfons ; Whole Beleefes, tied to their Teachers, and Traditions,
are no whit controlled, either by Reafon, or Experience : And vpon the
fame Reafon, in Magicke, they vie (forthe moft part,) Boyes, and Towng
|| peopl; whole Spiritsealilictt take Beleefe,and Imagination,

Now to fortifie Imagination, there be three Wayes : The

| juthoritie whence the Beleefe is deriued ; Meanesto Quicken
and (orroborate the Imagination ; And Meanes to Repeat it,

‘ and Refrefh it.

948 For the Authoritie, wee haue already fpoken : As for the Second;
Namely the Meanesto Quicken,and Corroborate the Imagination ; Wee fee
whathath beene vied in Magicke; (Ifthere be in thofe PraGtifes any thing
that is purely Natural; ) As Vefments ; "Characters 5 Words 5 Seales;
Sonde Parts of Plants, or Lining Creatures; Stones; Choice of the Houre ;
Geflures and Motions Alfo Incenfés, and Odours ; Choice of Societie,which | °
increa(eth Jmagindéion , Diets and Preparations for fome tinae before.And
for Iordssthere haue beene ever vied, either Barbarows Words, of no| -
Sente, left they Should difturbe the /msagination ;Ot Words of Similitude,
that may fecond and feed the Zmagination.: And this was euer as well in
Heathen Charmes, as in Charmes of latter Times. There are vied alfo
| Scripture Words ; For that.the Beleefe, that Religious Texts, and Words,
| haue Power, may frengthen the Jmagination, And for the fameReafon,

Hebrew Words, (which amongft vs is counted the Holy Tongue, and the| —
Words more Myfticall,) are often vied, ‘
949 For the Refre/bing of the Zmagination, (which was the Third cMeanes

of Exalting it;) Wee fee the Practifes of Magicke, as in Images of ga
an

254.

947

i ene Fn Oe 4. = ees :

¥

~
‘

f
‘da

=~

(enturg. X.

'
land the like, that fhould Melt by licrle, and litle ; Or fome other: Things

'Beried in Mucke, that{hould Putrific by little and little ; Or the like:
|For fo oft as the Zmaginant doth thinke of thofe Things, fo oft doth he
feprefent to his Jamagemation, the Effect of that he defirech, a

Ifthere be any Power in /msgination, it is lefle credible, thatit fhouid
be'fo Mmcarporeall and Jmmateriate a Vertae, as to worke at great Diffances;
Orthrough all Mediums 5 Orvponall Bodses: But thatthe Diftance mult
be Competent ; The Medium not Aduerfe ; And the Body Aptand Pro-
portionate. Therefore if there be any Operation vpon Bodies, in Ab-
fence, by Nature ; it is like.co be conueyed from A/aa to Man, as Fame is;
Asifaliteh, by Imagination, {hould hurt any afarre off, it cannot be
oatarally, barby Working vpon the Spirit of fome, that commeth to |
the bitch; And from that Party vponthe /magination of Another 3 And)
fovpon Avether ; till it come to onethat hath refortto the Party Inten-
ded 5 And fo by Him to the Party intended bimfelfe, And although they
{peake, that it fulficeth, to take a Point, ora Peece ofthe Garmient, or the
Name ofthe Party, or the like ; yet thereis lefle Credit to be giuen to thofe
Things, except it be by Working of euill Spirsts. .

The Experiments, which may certainly demonftrate the
Power of Imagination, vpon other Bodies, are few, or none:
lor the Experiments of Witchcraft, are no cleare Proofes ;
For that they may be, by a Tacite Operation of Maligne Spi-
rits : We thall-cherefore be forced, in this Enguirie, to refortro
New Experiments : Wherein weecan giue only Directions of
Trials, and not any Poftilte Experiments. And if any Man
thinke, that wee oughtto haue ftaied, till wee had made Ex-

eriment, of fome of them, our felues, (as wee doe com-
monly in other Titks,) the Truthis, that thefe Effects of Ima-
ination vpon other Bodies, haue fo little Credic with vs, as we
ilerie them at leifure : But in the meane Time, we will lead

othersithe way. 7

* When you worke by the Jmagination of Another, it is neceflary, that
He, by whom you worke, haue a Precedent Opinion of you, that you
can doe'Strange Things ; Or that you area Mam of Art, as chey call it;
Forelfe the Simple Affirmation to Another, that this or chat fhall be,can
worke biita weake JwsprefSion, in his Jwagination.

-.,

Imagination, in one Man more thin another, that you did vie the Jmagi-
nation of morethan Owe ; That fo you may light vpona Strong One, As
ifa Phyfisian (hould tell Three, or Foure; of his Patients Seruants, that
their Mafter {hall farely recouer, bos

The Jmagination of One, that you hall vie, (fuch is the Variety of

Succeffle

Mens Mindes,) cannot be alwaies alike Conftant, and Strong; And if the)

950

951

It were good, becaufe you cannot difcerne fully of the S. trength of] 9 52

953

256

954

be Lighteft; Asvpon Procuring of Lowe ; Binding of Lu/?, which is

~Naturall Hiftory: |

S ucceffe follow not {peedily, itwill faint and leefe Strength, To remedy
this, you muft pretend to Him, whole Jmsagination you vie, feuerall De-
grees of Meanes, by which to Operate; Asta prefcribe him, that euery
three Dayes, if he finde not the Succeffle Apparent, he doe vfe another
Root, or Part of a Bea/, or Riag,&c. As being of more Forces And if that
faile, Another 3 And ifthat, Another; till Seuen Times.Alfo you muft
prefcribe a good Large Time for the Effec# you promife; As ifyou}.
(hould tell a Serwant of a Siek-Mam, that his Majfer fhall recouer, but it
willbe Fourteenedaies, eare he findeth it apparently, &c, All this to
entertaine the /magénation, that it waucr leffe. .

It is certaine, that Potions, or Things taken into the Body: Incenfes and
Perfumes taken at the Nofthrills 5 And Ointments of fome Parts; doe
(naturally) worke vpon the Jwsaginatios of Him that taketh them, And
therefore it mult needs greatly Cooperate with the Jesagswation of him,
whom you vfe,if you prefcribe him, before he doe vic the Receit, for the
Worke which he defireth, that he doe take fuch a Pill, or a Spoonefull of
Ligaour ; Or burne fuch an Incenfe; Or Awnoint his Temples, or the Soles
of his Feet, with fuch an Osstment, or Oyle : And you muft chufe, for the
Compofition of fuch Pall, Perfume, or Ointment, {uch Ingredients, as doe
make the Spirits,a little more Groff, or Muddy: VWhereby the Jmagina-
tion will fix the better. /

The Body Pafsine, and to be Wrought pom, (I meane not of the Jmsa-
ginant,)is better wrought vpon, (as hath beene partly touched,)at fome
Times, than at others : As if you fhould prefcribe a Serwamt, abouta Sick
Per(on, (whom you haue poffeffed, that his Mafer {hall recouer,)when
his Maffer is faft afleepe, to vie fuch a Rost, or fuch a Reet, For Jmagina-
tion is like to worke better vpon Sleeping Mem, than Aes Awake, As wee
fhali thew when we handle Dreames.

We finde in the Art of Memory, that Images Vifible, worke better
than otherConcests: As ifyouwould remember the Word Philofephy,
you fhall more pai doe it,by J#sagéning that {uch a Map, (For Men are
beft Places,) is reading vpon Arifforles Phyfickes ; Than if you fhould
Imagine him to fay; Je goe ftudy Philefophy. And therefore, this Obfer-
watios would be tranflated to the Subiec# wee now {peakeof: For the
more Luftrous the /magination is, it filleth and fixeth the better, And
therefore I conceiue, that you fhall, in that Experiment, (whereof wee
fpake before,) of Binding of Thenghts, leffe faile, if you tell One, that fuch
an One (hal name oneot Twenty Mew,than ifit were One of Twenty Cards.
The Experiment of Binding of Thoughts, would be Diuerfified,and tried
to the Full:And you are tonote,whether it hit for the moft part,though
notalwaies, ;

It is good to confider, vpon what Things, Zmagimation hath moft
Force: And the Rwle, (as I conceiue,) is, that it hath moft Farce ypon
Things, that haue the Lighte/t, and Eafieft Motions, And therefore aboue
all, vpon the Spirits of Mes: And in them, vpon fuch Affectéons, as

cucr

(Century. X,

euer with /magmmation ; vpon Mes in Feare ; Or Men in Irrefolution ; And
the like, Whatfoeuer is of this kinde would be throughly enquired, Trt
alls likewife would be made vpon Plants, and that diligently: As ifyou
fhould tell a Atm, thac fuch a Tree would Dye this yeare; And will him,
at thefeand thefe times, to goe vnto it, tofee how it thriueth, As for
Jnanimate Things,it is truc,that the Morons of Sbuffling of Cards,or Cafting
of Dice,are very Light Motions; And there is a Folly very v{uall, that
Gamefters imagine, that fome that ftand by them, bring them ill Lucke,
There would be Triall alfo made, of holding a Ring bya Threed in a
Glaffe, and relling him thac holdeth ir, before,that it {hall ftrike fo many
times againit the Side of the Gla/é,and no more; Or of Holding a Key
betweenc two Mens Fingers, without a Charme; And to tell thofe thar
hold it, tharatfucha Name, it {hall goe off their Fiagars : For thefe two
are Extreme Light Motions. And howfocuer [ haue no Opinion of thefe
things, yetfo much I conceiue to be true; That Strong /magination hath
more Porce vpon Things Liwing;Or that have been Liwing, than Things
meetely /nanimate: And more Force likewife vpon Light, and Swbtill
Adotions, than vpon Motions Vehement,or Ponderous,

It is an vfuall Obferuation, that if the Body of One Murthered, be
brought before the Murtherer, the Woands will bleed a-frefh. Some doe
affirme, that the Dead Body, vpon the Prefence of the Murtherer, hath
opened the Eyes ; And that there hauebeene fuch like Motiens, as well

257

958

where the Party Murthered hath beene Strangled, ot Drowned, as where}

they haue beene Killed by Wounds, Ic may be, that this participateth of
a Miracle, by Gadsluft ludgement, who viually bringeth Murthers to
Lighe: Bat if icbe Nasarall, it mutt beteferred to Jmsagination.

\ The Tying of the Point vpon the dayof Mariage, to make Men Impo-
tent towards their Wéwes, which (as we haue formerly touched;) is fo
frequent in Zant, and Ga/cony, if it be Natarall, muft be referred to the
Imagination of Him that Tieth the Point. Lconceiue it to haue the leffe
Affinity with Witchcraft, becaufe not Peculiar Perfons onely, (flich as
Witches are,) but any Body may doc it, -

There be many Things,that worke vpon the Spirits of Man,by Secret
Sympathy; and Antipathy: The Vertwes of Pretiows Stones, worne, hauc
beene anciently and generally Receined; And ctirioufly affigned to

feucrall Efeis. Somuch is trues That Stones have in them fine
Spirits; As appeareth by their S; ako yr anit may worke
by Confent vpon the Spirits of Men, to Comfort, and Exhilarate them,
Thofethat are the beft, for chat Effec?, are the Diationd,the Emerald,cthe
Lacinth Orientall,and the Gold-Stone, whichis the Tellow Topaze. As for
their particular Propristies, there is no Credit to be ginen to them, But
itis manifeft, chat Zight,aboue all things excelleth'in Comforting the Spi-
tits of Men: Anditis very probable, that Light Varied doth the faine Ef-

952

Experiments
in Confort,
touching the
Secret Vertuc of
Sympathy, and
Autipathy.

960

fei, withmore Nouelty, And this is one of the Casfes, why Pretiows}
Stones comfort, And therefore it were good to haue Yincted Lanthornes,\

Or

963

964

965

N aturall Fiiftory:

or Tincted Skrecnes, of Glaffe Coloured into Greene, Blew, Carsation, Crim-
fon, Purple, &c. And to viethem with Candles in the Night, So likewife
to hane Round Glaffes, not onely of Gla(fe Coloured thorow, but with Co.
lours \aid betweene Cryffals, with Handles to hold in ones Hand, Prifmes
are alfo Comfortable Things. They haue of Paris-Worke, Looking-Glaf-
fess bordered with broad Borders of {mall Cryfall, and great Counterfeit
Previous Stones, of all Colours, that are moft Glorious and Pleafant to be-
hold Efpecially in the Night. The Piétures of Indian Feathers, are likes
wife Comfortable, and Pleafantto behold, So alfo Faire and Cleare
Pooles doe greatly comfort the Eyes, and Spirits; Efpecially when the
Suane is not Glaring, but Oxerca/t ; Oc when the Moone fhineth.

There be diuers Sorts of Bracelets fit to Comfort the Spirits; And they
be of Three Jatentions : Refrigerant, Corroborant; and Aperiest, Por Re-
igerant, 1 with them to be of Pearle, or of Corall,asis vied: And it hath
beene noted that Corall, if the Party that weareth it beill difpofed, will
wax Pale: VVhich I beleeue to be true, becaufe otherwife Diffemper of
Heat willmake Coralllofe Colour. I Commend alfo Beads, or little Plates
of Lapis Lazuli; And Beads of Nitre, cither alone, orwith fome Cordiall
Mixture.

For Corroboration and Confortation, take fuch Bodies as are of Affrin-

| gent Quality, without Manifeft Cold. 1 commend Bead-Amber ; which is

full of 4 friction, but yet is Vud#wons, and not Cold; And isconceiued to
Impinguate thofe that weare {uch Beads: I commend alfo, Beads of Harts-
Herne, and Ivory, which are of the like Nature; Alfo Orenge-Beads ; Alfo
Beads of Lignum Aloés, Macerated fick in Rofe-Water, and Dryed.

For Opening, 1 Commend Beads, or Peeces of the Roots of Cardums Be-
nedicéns : Alfo of the Roots of Piomy the Male; And of Orris; And of Cala-
mus Avomaticus;; And of Rew,

The Crampe, (no doubt,) commeth of Contraction of Sinmewes;
Which is Manifeft, in thatit cammeth either by Co/d, or Drineffe; As af-
ter Cow/umptions, and Long Agues: For Coldand Drinefedoe (both of
them) Contrac#, and Corragate, VWe feealfo, that Chafing a little aboue
the Place in paine, eafeth the Cramspe; VWhich is wrought by the Dilatati-
on, of the Contracted Sinwewes, by Heat. There are in vie, for the Preuenti-
on of the Crampe, two Things ; Theone Rimes of Sea-Horfe Teeth, worne
vpon the Ringers; The other Bands of Greene Periwinckle,(the Herbe,)tied
about the Calfeaf the Leg, or the Thigh, &c, where the Crampe vfeth to
come. I doe finde this rhe more ftrange, becaufe Neither of thefe haue
any Relaxing Vertwe,but rather the Contrary.]iudge therefore, that their
Working, is rather vpon theSpirits, within the Nerwes, to make them ftriue
leffe; Than vpon the Bodily Sub/fance ofthe Nerues.

I would haue Tréal/ made of two other Kindes of Bracelets, for Comfor-
ting the Heart, and Spirits ; The one of the Trechi/ch of Vipers, made into
little Peeces of Beads ; For {ince they doe great Good Inwards, (efpecially
for Peffilent Agues,) itis like they will be Effectuall Outwards; Where
| they may be applied in greater Qaantity.T heremould be Zrechifb ge
é = made

-

)

(Century. X. 259

made of Saskes ; Whote Fle/h dried, is thought to haue a very Opening, |
land Cordsall Vertwe. The other is, of Beads made of the Scarlet Powder, |
i which they ca!l Xermes; Which is the Principal! /ngredient ia their Cor-|
| diall Confeition Alkermes ; The Beads would be made vp with Amdber-|
| tal Confec € Vp WIT Zander
! Grice, and fome Pomander. ;
| Tehathbeene long received, and confirmed by diners Trialls;That) 966
the Roorof the Aale- Piony, dried, tied to the Necke, doth helpe the Fal-
ing-Sickneffe; And likewife the Incubus, which wee call the Mare, The
| Caufe of both thefe Difeafes, and c{pecially of the Epélepfie from the Sto- :
mach, is the Groffene(fe of the Vapours, which rife and enter into the Cells
ofthe Braéne : And therfore the Working is,by Extreme,and Subtill atte.
vwssation \Vhich that Simple hath, I iudge the liketo be in Cafloreum.,
Muske, Rew-Seed, Agnus Caffus Seed, &c.
There isa Stone, which they call the Bloud-Stone, which worne is | 967
thought to be good for them that Bleed at the Nefe: Which (no doubr)
is by A/Préction, and Cooling of the Spirits. Quare, if the Stope taken out
ofthe Tosds Sead, be not of the like Vertue? For the Toade loueth Shade,
‘and Coolineffe,
_ Light may be taken from the Experiment of the Horfe-Tooth-Ring,| 968
and the Garland of Periwinckle, how that thofe things, which affwage
| che Strife of the Spirits, doe helpe difeafes, contrary to the Jatention de-
fived : For in the Curing of the Crampe, the Intention is to relax the Sia-
,mewes; Bucthe Contraction of the Spirits,that they ftriuc leffe,is the beft
: Helpe: So to procure eafie Trassiles of Women,the Intention is to bring
downe the Childe ; But the beft Helpe is, to ftay the Comming downe too
Fai: Whereunto they fay, the Toad Stone likewife helpeth. So in Pe-
frilent Feaners, the Intention is to expell the Jnfection by Sweat, and Ena-
poration; But the belt Meanes to doc it, is by Nitre,Diafcordium, and o-
' ther Coole Things, which doe for a time arreft the Expulfion, till Natures
can doc itmore quietly, For as one faith prettily; Jn she Quenching of
the Elameof a Peitilent Ague, Natureis like People, that come to quench the |
ye
' Fire of a Honfe ; which are fo bufie, as one of them letteth another. Surely, it
is an Excellent Axiome,and of Manifold We, that whatfoeuer appeafeth
| the Contention of the Spirits, furthereth their Action.

‘

ofa Snake, for Preferwing of Health, I doubt it is but a Comceit ; For that

the Snake is thought to renuc her Yosth, by Cafting her spotle. They

‘might as well cakethe Beake of an Eagle, or a Peece of a Harts-Horne, be-

: caufe thofe Renue,

Ithathbeene Anciently Receiwed, (For Pericles the Athenian v{cdit,)| 970
and it is yet in vfe, to weare little Bladders of Quick-Siluer, or Tablets of

Arfenicke,as Prefermatines againit the Plague: Notas they conceiue,for

, any Comfort they yeeld to the Spirits, butfor that being Poy/oms them-

felues,they draw the Vewome to them, from the Spirits. '

| Vide the Experiments 95.96,and 97. touching the Seweral Symps-| 971

| thies,and Antipathies, for Medicinal V[e. i

a ain

———

—— id —_
—

The Writers of Naturall Magick,commend the Wearing of the Spoile| 96 9 |

Pr US,

973

O74

975

976

O17,

Natural Aiftory:

It is faid, that the Guts or Skin of a Wolfe being applyed to the Belly,
doecurethe Cholicke, Itis true, thatthe Wolfe isa Bea/t of preat Eda-
city, and Difgestion; And fo, it may be, the Parts of him comfort the

|Bowels, - 4

Welce Scare- Crowes,are fet vp to keep Birds from Coyne, and Freit;
It is reported by fome, that the Head of a Wolfe, whole, dried, and han-
ed vp ina Dowe-Honfe, will {care away Vermine;Such as are Weafils, Pol-

\cats,and thelike, Itmay be, the Head of a Deg will doeas much; For
thofle Vermine with vs, know Dogs better thanWolazes.

The Braines of fome Creatares,(when their Heads are roafted) taken
in Wine, are {aid to ftrengthen the Memory: As the Braines of Hares ;
Braines of Hens; Braines of Deeres,&c. And it feemeth, tobe incident
to the Braines of thofe Creatures, that are Fearefull,

The Ointment, that Witches vie, is reported to be made, of the Fat of
children, digged out of their Grawes; Of the Jayces of Smallage, Welfe-
bane, and Cinquefoile ; Mingled with the Meale of fine Wheat, But I fup-

pofe that the Seporiferous Medicines are likeft to doe it; Which are Hen-|
| bane, Hemlocke, Mandrake, Moone-Shade, Tobacco, Opium, Saffron, Poplar

Leawes, &c. ;
It is reported by fome, that the Affec#ions of Bea/ts, when they are
in Strength, doc adde fome Vertue, vnto Imamimate Things ; As that the

Skin of a Sheepe, deudoured by a Wolfe, moueth Itching ; ThataStone,bit-}

ten’by a Dog in Anger, being throwne at him, drunke in Powder, pro-
uoketh Choler.

It hath beene obferued, that the Diet of Women with.childe, doth
worke much vpon the Jmfast; As ifthe Mother cat Qwinces much, and
Coriander. Seed,(the Nature of both which is to repreffe and {tay Vapours,
that afcend to the Braine,) it will make the Childe Ingenious: Andon

the contrary fide, ifthe Mother eat (much) Opions, or Beanes, or fuch Ya-|

ponrous Food, Or dtinke Wine, or Strong Drinke, immoderately ; Or Fait
much ; Orbe giuen to much Mufixg ; (All which fend, or draw Vapoars
to the Head, ) It endangereth the Childeto become Lwmaticke, or of Im-
perfect Memory: AndI make the fame Iudgement of Tobacco, often taken

'| by the Mother,

978

ThePriters of Natarall Magicke report,that the Heart of an Ape,worne

| neare the Heart, comforteth the Heart, and increafeth Audacity, It is

979

~ EE

“true, thatthe Ape is a Merry and Bold Beaft, And that the fame Heart
likewife ofan Ape, applied to the Wecke, or Head, helpeth the Wit; And
is good for the Falling-Sickneffe: The Apealfo isa Witty Bea/?,and hath
a Dry Braine s Which may be fomeCaw/e of Attenuation of Vapoursin the
| Head, Yet it is faid to moue Dreames alfo, Itmay be, the Heart of a Man
| would doe more, but that it is more againft Mens Mindes to vie it; Ex-

cept it be in fuch as weare the Reliques of Saints. “a Ws .
The Fle/h of a Hedge-Hog,Drefled,& Eaten, is faid to be a great Drier:
Iris true, that the Jayce of a Hedge-Hog,mutt needs be Harfh,and Dry,be-
caufe it putteth forth fo many Prickles : For Plants alfo, that are ee of
Prickles,

(Century. X. 261

Prickles, are generally Dry : As Briars, Thornes, Berberries : And there-
os the Ajbes of a Hedge-Hog arc {aid tobe agreat Deficcatine of Fj-
alas.
Mammy hath great force in Stanching of Bloud; which, asitmay be} 980
aferibed to the Wixture of Balmes, that are Glutinous ; So it may alfo par-
take of a Secret Propriety ; In that the Bloud draweth Mans Fle/b, And it
is approued, that the Me//é, which groweth vpon the Skwll of a Dead
an, ynburied, will ftanch Blewd potently, And fo doe the Dregs, or
Powder of Blowd, feuered from the Water, and Dried, _ . ;
Ithath beene practifed, to make White Swrallowes, by Amnointing of| St
the gs with Orde, Which Effec# may be produced, by the Stopping of the
Pores of the Shel, and making the Jayce, that putteth forth the Feathers
afterwards, more Penurious, And it may be, the Ammointing of the Egs,
will be as Effectuall, as the Amnointing of the Body; Of which Fide the
me SNe
It is reported, that the White of an Egge, or Blond, mingled with| 982

Salt-Waser,doth gather the Saltneffé,and’maketh the Water {weeter.This
may be by Adbefion; As in the 6. Experiment of Clarification : It may be
alfo, that Blowd, and the White of an Egge, (whichis the Matter of a Lé-
wing Creature,) have fome Sympathy with Salt: For all Life lath a Sympa-
thy with Salt. We fee that Salt, laid toa Cut Finger, healeth it; Soasit
feemeth Sale draweth Blowd, as wellas Blowd draweth Sale,
Ithath beene anciently receiued, that the Sea-Hare, hath an Apti-| 83
with the Zangs,(ifit commeth neare the Body,)and erodeth them.
Whereof the Cafe is conceiued tobe, a Quality it hath of Heatmg the
Breath, and Spirits; As Cantharides hauevpon the Watry Parts of the Bo-
ay; As ¥rine and Hydropicall Water, And it is a good Rale, that'whatfo-
euer hath an Operation vpon certaine Kindes of Matters,that, in Mans Bo-
dy, worketh moft vpon thofe Parts, wherein that Kinde of Matter a-
boundeth,

Generally, that which is Dead, or Corrupted, or Excerned, hath An-| 984
ipathy with the fame Thing, when it is Awe, and when it is Sownd; And
with thofe Parts which doe Excerne: As aCarkaffe of Man is moft Jnfe-
Fiows, and Odious to Man; A Carrion of an Horfe to an Horfe, &c. Purse-

Matter of Wounds, and Pleers, Carbuncles, Pockes, Scabs, Lepronfie, to
Sound Fle/b, And the Excrement of eucry Species to that Creswre that
Excerneth them, But the Excrements are lefle Pernicious than the Cor-

~

It isa Common Experience, that Dogs know the Dog-Killer; When| 985
as in times of Infection, fome Petty Fellow is fent outto kill the Dagges ;
And that, though they have neuer fecne him before, yet they will all
come forth, and barke,and fly athim, |
The Relations touching the Force of Imsagination, and the Secret In-| 986
finé#s of Nature, are fo vncertaine, as they require a great deale of Exa-
mination, ere wee conclude vpon them. 1 would have tt firft throughly
inquired, whether there be any Secret Paflages of Sympathy, betweene

etl ; Perfons i

i 62) - Naturall Hiftory :

587

988

Perfons of neare Blond ; As Parents, Children, Brothers, Sifters, Nur[e-
Children, Hu:bands, Wines, &c, There be many Reports in Aifforie, that
'wpon the Death of Perfens of {uch Nearenefle, Men hauehad aninward
| Feeling of it, Imy Selferemember, that being in Parés, and my Father
pine in London, two or three dayes before my Fathers death, I hada
Dreame, which IJ told to diuers Exglifh Gentlemen 5 That my Fathers
| Houfe, inthe Countrey, was Plaffered all over with Blacke Mortar, There
isan Opinion abroad, (whether Idle orno I, cannot fay,) That louing
cid kinde Hucbands, haue a Sen/eof their Wines Breeding Childe, byfome
Accident in theit owne Body,

Next to thofechat are 2eare in Bloud, there may bethe like Paffage,
and /nflincts of Nature, betweene great Friends, and Enemies : And
fometimes the Reucaling is vnto Another Per/on, and not tothe Party
Himfelfe. I remember. Philipps Commineus, (a graue Writer,) repor-
teth ; Tharthe Arch-Bifhop ot Vienna, (a Rewerend Prelate,) {aid (one
day) after Afa//e, to King Lewés the eleuenth of France 5 Sir, your Mortal
Enemie is dead ; What time Duke Charles of Burgundie was Slaine, atthe
Batte!l of Granfon, againkt the Swszers, Some triall alfo would be made,
whether Pac? or Agreement doe-any thing ; As if two Fréends fhould
agree, that fuch a Day ineuery Weeke, they being in farre Diftant Places,
| fhould Pray one for Another ; Ox fhould puton a Reng, or Tablet, one
for anothers Sake; Whether if one of them fhould breake their Yow and
Promife, the other {hould haue any Feeling of it, in Ab/ence:

It there be any Force in Jenaginations and Affections of Singular Per-
ans 5 Itis Probable che Force is much more in the Joyut Jmaginations and
Affectsons of Mulsitudes : Asif a Piczorie fhould be won, or loft, in Re-
mote Parts, whether is there not fome Sen/e thereof, inthe People whom
itconcerneth ; Becaufe of the great Joy, or Griefe, that many Mem are
poileft with, atonce ? Pis Qwin/ws, at the very time, when that Me-
morable Picterie was won, by the Chriffians, againft the Turks, at the
Nawall Batted of Lepante, being then hearing of Cawfes in Confiftorie,
brake off fuddenly, and faid tothofe about him 5 J+ # sow more time, we
fhould gine thanks to God, for the great Victorie he bath granted vs, againft
the Turks. Itis true, that Vidforte had a Sympathie with his Spirit ; For
it was meerely his Worke, to conclude that League. It may be, that
Rewelation was Divine ; But what fhall wee fay then, toa Number of
Examples, amongft the Grecians, and Romaws ? Where the People, being
in Theaters at Playes, haue had Newes of Victories,and Ouerthrowes,fome
few dayes, before any Meffenger couldcome. .

Iris truc, that that may hold in thefe Things, which is

the generall Root of Superffition : Namely, that Mes obferuc|

when Things Hit; and not when they Mife : And commit

| to Memory the one, And forget and pafle ouer the other.
Buttouching Ditinatien, and the Mi/giuing of Mindes, wee
: oo - thal

| Century RX ~
{hall {peake'more, when wee handle in 'gererall tlie Nartre
of Mindes, and Soules, and Spirits.

Wee haue given formerly fome Rules of Imeination ; And touching
the Fortifjine ofthe Same. Wee haue fetdownealfo fome few Jnftances,

and Directions, of the Force of Imagination, vpon Bea/ts, Birds, &c.vpon}
| Plants; And vpon Jwanimate Bodies :'‘Wherein you muft fill obferue, |

that your Trials be vpon Swétill and Light Motions, and not'the con-
trary 5 For you will fooner, by Jmagination, binde a Bird from ‘Sing-
|ing, than from Eating, or Flying : And I leaueit to euery Azan, to
‘choofe Experiments, which himfelfethinketh moft Commodious ; Gi-
ning now but a few Examples of euery of the Three Kindes,

Vie fome Jmaginant, (obferuing the Rules formerly prefcribed,) for

' Binding of a Bird from Siaging ; Andthelike of a Degge from: Barking, |
| Trice alfo the Zmagination of fome, whom you fhall accommodate with}

things to fortilie it, in Cacke-Fights, to make one Cocke more Hardy, and
the other more Cowardly. It would be tricd alfo, in Flying of Hawkes;

Or in Cour fing of a Deere, or Hare,with Grey-bounds; Or in Horfe- Races; |

And the like Comparative Motions : For you may foonet by magixation,

quicken or flacke a Motion, than raife or ceafe ic; As it is eafier to make}!

a Dogge goe flower, than to make him ftand ftill chat he may not run.

In Plants allo, you may trie the Force of /magination, ypon the

Lighter Sort of Motions : As vpon the Sudden Fading,or Liuely Comensing
‘op of Herbs ; Or vpon their Bending one way, or other ; Or vpon their
Clofing, and Opening ; &c.

For Jnanimate Things, you may trie the Force of Imagination, vpon

Staying the Working ot Beere, whenthe Barme is put in ; Or vpon the
Comming of Butter, or Chee/e, after the Cherming, or the Renwet bec
ut in. |

Iris an Ancient Tradition, enery where alleaged, for Example of Se-
cret Propricties and Influxes, that the Torpedo Marina, if it be touched
with along Sticke, doth ftupefie the Hand of him that touchcthie, ‘Ie is
one degree of Working at Déffance, to worke by the Continuarice of a
Fit Medium ; As Sound will be conueyed to the Eare, by ftriking vpona
Bow-String, if the Horne of the Bow be heldto the Zare,

| The Writers of Natarall Magicke, doe attribute much to the’ Yertues,
that come from the Parts of Liwing Creatures ; So asthey betaken from
them, the Creatures remaining ftill alive : As if the Creature ftill living
did infufe fome /msmsateriate Vertue, and Vigour, into the Part Sewered. So
much may be trues that any Part, taken from a Liwing Creature, newly
Slaine, may be of greater force, than if it were taken from the like Crea-
ture, dying of it Selfe, becaule itis fuller of Spirit. © fedy?

' Triall would be made, of the like Parts of Indintdwalls, in Playts, and
Lining Creatures; Astocutofta Stocke ofa Tree ;And to lay that,which
you cut off, to Putrifie, to fee whether it ‘will: Decay the Reft of the
Stocke : Or if you fhould cut offpart ofthe Taile, or Legee of a Degge,|

| or;

Rt ents

ee

989

999

99f
99%

993

994

I9$

997

998

Neaturall Fisftory:

oraCat, andlay it to Patrifie, and fo fee whether it will Fefter, or keepe
from Healing, the Part which‘cemaineth, “a

Itis receiued, thatithelpeth to Continue Lone, if one weare a Ring,
ora Bracelet, of the Haire of the Party Belowed, But that may be by the
Exciting of the Imagination : And perhaps a Glowe, or other like Faxonr,
may as well doe it.

The Syanpathie of Indiwiduals, that haue beene Entire, or haue Tos-
ched, is of all others the moft Jmcredéble : Yet according vnto our faith-
full Manner ot Examination of Nature, wee will make fome little mention
of it. The Takéng away of Warts, by Rubbing them with Somewhat chat
afterwards is put to walte, and coniume, isa Common Experiment : And
I doe apprehend it the rather, becaufe of mine owne Experience. I had,
from my Childhoed, a Wart vpon one of my Fingers : Atterwards when
I was about Sixteene Yeeres old, beingthen at Pars, there grew vpon
both my Hands a Number of Warts, (at the leaft an hundred, ) in a
Moneths Space, The Ewgls/h Emsbaf/adours Lady, who was a Woman farre
from Ssper/istion, toldme, one day ; She would helpe me away with
my Warts: Whereupon (he gota Peece of Lard, with the Skison, and
rubbed the Wartsall over, with the Fat Side ; And amongit che reft that
Wart, which | had had from my Childhood ; Then the nailed the Peece o
Lard, with the Fat towards the Sanne, vpon a Poaft of her Chamber Win-
dow, which was tothe South, The Succeffe was,that within fiue weekes
fpace, all the Warts went quite away : And that Wart, which I had fo
long endured, for Company. Butat the reftI did lictle maruell,becaule
they cameina Short time, and might goe away ina Short Time againe:
Butthe Going away of that, which had ftaid fo long, doth yet fticke
with mee, They fay the like is done, by the Rubbing of Warts with a
Greene Elder Sticke, and then Burying the Sticke to Ret in Muacke. It
would be tried, with Cornes, and Wenns, and fuch other Excre/cences.
I would haueit alfo tried, with fome Parts of Laing Creatures, that are
neareftthe Nature of Excre(cences 3 Asthe Combes of Cocks, the Spurres
of Cocks, the Hornes of Beafis, &c. And I would haue it tried both
wayes ; Both by Rwbbing thofe Parts with Lard, or Elder, as before 5
And by Cutting off (ome Peece of thofe Parts, and laying it to Con/wme ;
To fee whether it will Worke any Effe&t, towards the Con/amption of
that Pare, which was once Joyned with it,

It is conftantly Receiued, and Auouched, that the 4seinting of the
beaven, that maketh the Woued,will heale the Hound it felte, In this Ex-
periment, wpon the Relation of Aves of Credit, (though my (elfe, as yet,
am not fully inclined to beleeue it,) you fhallnote the Points following.
Fit, che Ointment, wherewith this is done, is made of Diuers Jugredt-
ents; whereof the Strangeft and Hardeft to come by, are the Mef/e vpon
the Skull ofa dead Man, Knburied ; Andthe Fats ofa Boare, anda Beare,
killed in the 4é of Gexeration. Thefetwo laft I could eafily fulpea tobe
prefcribed as aStarting Hole 5 That if the Experiment proucd not, it
mought be pretended, thatthe Bea/?s were not killed in che due Tess

or

J | CCenturg. X. 265
EE = a
Foras for the Moje, itis certaine, therags creat Quantitie of it in Zreland, |
vpon S/aine Bodtes, laid on Heaps, Vnburied. Theother Ingredients are, |

ithe Bload-Stone in Powder,-and {ome other T+éngs, which feemeto have
a Vertue to Sianch Blond , As alfothe Mojfe hath, And the Defeription |

lof the whole Oimtment is to be found in the Chymicall Difpenfatorie of |
\crollins, Secondly, the fame Kinde of Ointment, applied to the Hurt it
‘Rife, worketh not the Effect ; but only applied to the 4apon, Thirdly,
| which I like well) they doe not obferue the Con/eitine of the Ointment;
\vnder any ccrtaine Confrellation ; which commonly is the Excufe of Afs= |”
gical Medicines, when they faile, that they were not made vnder a fic
Figureot Heawen. Fourthly, it may be applied tothe Weapon, though
the Party Hurt béat great Diffance. Fifthly, 1 feemeth the Zmagivation of
the Party, to be Cured, is not needfull to Coneurre ; For it may be)
done, without the Knowledge, of the Party Wounded ; Andthus much
hath beene tried, that the Ormstment (for Exveriments fake,) hath beene

_| wiped off thé #¢apon, without the'knowledge of che Party Hurt, and

.| prefently the Party Hurt, hath beene in great Rage of Paiue, till the Wea-

pon was Reannoiated, Sixthly, it is affirmed, thatifyoucannot get the

| Weapon, yetif you putan Inftrument Of Iron, or Wood, refembling the

Weapon, into the (Voand, whereby it-bleedeth, the Amnointing of that

Inflrument will ferue, and wotke the EfecF. This I doubt fhould be a

Deuice, to keepe this {trange Forme of-Cure, in Requeft, and Vie ; Be-

caufe many times you cannot coméby the Weapon it felfe. Seuenthly,

the Wound mutt beat firtt Wafbedcleane; with White Wine, or the Parties

owne Water ; Andthen bound vp Cfofe in Fine Linnen, and no more

DrefSing renewed, till it be whole, Eighthly, the Sword it felfe mut be

Wrapped vp Clofe, as farre as the Ointment goeth, that it taketh no Wind, ||

Ninthly; the Oswtment, if you wipe it off from the Sword, and keepe it,

will Serue againe ; and rather Jncrea/e in Vertue, than Diminifb. Tenthly,

ic will Care in fatré Shorter Time, thati Ointments of Wounds common!
oe. Laftly, it will Cure a Bea/?, as wellasa Man ; which I likebelt of
all the reft, becaufe it fubiecteth the Matter, to an Eafie Trial, '

Payer

» Iwould haue ven know, that though I reprehend, the Eafie Pa/- Experiment
ing ouer, of the Caufes of Things, by Afcribing them to Secret and Hid- | Hemathe
Vertues, and Proprieties ; (For this hath arreited, and laid afleepe, all | Proprictics.
true Enquiry, and Indications; ) yet [doenot vnderftand, but that in the | 999
Praéticall Part of Knowledge, much will be left to Experieuce,and Proba- |;

tion, whereunto-sndicationcannot fo fully reach: And this not onely in |,

Specie, but in Indiniduo, So in Phyficke, if you will cure the Jaundies, it is
not enough to fay,that the Medicine muft not be Cooling; For that will
hinder the Opening which the Diféafe requireth: That it muft not be Hoe;
For that will cxafperate Choler : That it muft goe to the Gall ; For there }
is the Ob/truction which caufeth the Difeafe, &c. But you muft receiuc |)
from Experience, that Powder of Chamepyt:s,or the like,drunke in Beere,

is good for the Joundies : So againe, a wife Phyfitian doth not continue |,
ee fill

> ae, Naturall Hiflory:

{till the fame Medicine, to a Patient ; Buthe will vary, ifthe firk Medicine
doth not apparently fucceed: For of thofe Remedies, that are good for
the Jaandies, Stone, Agues, &c, that will doe good in one Body, which
will not doc good in Another; According to the Correfpondence the
Medicine hath to the Jsdinidaall Body.

epchimenr The Delight which 2em hance in Popularity, Fame, Honour ,Submifiion,
Solitary, tous |and Swbiection of otlier Mems Minaes,Wills,or Affections, (although thefe
aemaeyel Things may be defired for other Ewds,) {eemeth to be a Thing, in it felfe,
MensSpirits. | without Contemplation of Confequence, Grateful & agreeable to the
1000__| Natureof Man, This Thing (furely) isnot without fome Signification,
asif all spiritsand Soules of Men, came forth out of one Diwsne Limbes 5
Elfe why fhould Aten be fo much affected with that, which others
thinke, or fay? The beft Temper of Mémdes defireth Good
Name, and Trae Hononr: The Lighter, Popularity, and
Applanfe, The more depraued, Subiection, and Tj-
ranny, Asis {eene in great Congucrours, and
Troublers of the World: And yet more in
Arch-Heretickes ; for the Introdu-
cing of new Doctrines, islike-
wile an Affectation of Ty-
ranny, ouer the Vader-
frandings, and
Beleefes of
Alen,

>

aN FF is >
ae s EX me

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c

SCG N a BIR KaGe
Re ga keat SS)

y>

naka
oe

CUES :

Mae nee

Century. I.

‘of she Appetite of Continuation in Liquids, Exper, 1. -
‘Of Artificiall Springs. Expert. 1.
Of the Vememous Quality of Mans flefb. Exp. t,

Of Turning Aire intoWater. Exp. 1

Of Helping or Altering the Shape of the Body, Exp. 1.
Of Coudenfing of Aire, to yeeld Weight, or Nourifbment, Exp. 1,
Of Flame and Aire Commixed. Exp, :

Of the Secret Nature of Flame, Exp.

Of Flame, in the Midit,and on the Sides, Exp. I.
Of Motion of Grawity, Exp. 1.
Of Contraction of Bodies in Bulke. Exp. 1.
Of making Vines more fruitfull. Exp. 1.

Of the Senerall Operations of Purging Medicines. Exp. 9.

Of Meats and Drinkes moft Noxrifhing. Exp. 15-
_| Of Medicines appliedin Order, Exp.t.

Of Cure by Caftome, Exp.t.

Of Cure by Exceffé, Exp.t.

Of Cure by Motion of Confent, Exp.1.

Of Cure of Difeafes contrary to Predi(pofition, Exp. \.

Of. Preparation before and after Purging. Exp.t.

| Of Stanching Bloud. E

Of Change of Aliments and Medicines, Exp: t.

Exp. 1.

m 3

COIS Sy,

the Experiments.

} FiStrayming or Percolation, Outwardand inward : : Experi-
ments 8,
‘ of Motionupon Preffure. Experiments 5.
AG Of Separations of Bodies Liquid by weight Exper.3. pag.4
“Of Infufions, in Water and Aire, Exper.7.

page 1
PAE\G

pag.5
pag.é
pag.
ibid,
ag, 8
Peg.
—Pag.9
pag.10
ibid.
pag.tl
ibid,
pag.12
ibid,
ibid.
pag.I5
pag.19
pag.20
ibid.
ibid.

The Table.

| Diets, Exp. 1. ibid,
Of Production of Cold, Exp.7. ibid.
Of Tarning Aire into water, Exp.7. Page24
Of induration of Bodies, Exp.8. pag.26
Of Preying of Airevpon Water, Exp. 1. pag.23
Of she Force of Vuien. Exp. 1. pag.29
Of Making Feathers and Haires of diners Colours. Exp.t. ibid.
Of Noursfhment of young Creatures ,in the Eege, or Wombe, Exp. 1. pag.30
Of Sympathy,and Antipathy, Exp. 3. ibid,
Of the Spirits, or Pneumaticalls in Bodies, Exp. 1. pag.31
Of the Power of Heat. Exp. i. pag.32

Of Impofsibility of Anmibilation. Exp, 1. pag.33

Century. IT.

—

F Muficke. Exp.14. pag.35
Oz the Nallity and Entity of Sounds, Exp.9. pag.39

Of Production,Conferuation,and Delation of Sounds.Exp.14. p.4.1
Of Magnitude, Exility,and Damps of Sounds, Exp. 25, pag.45
Of Loudneffe,and Softneffe of Sounds, Exp. 3. pag.49
Of Communication of Sounds. Exp, 3. ibid.
Of Equality and Inequality of Sounds, Exp. 9. pag.50
Of mare Treble and Bafe Tones. Exp. 6. pag-52
Of Proportion of Treble and Bafe, Exp. 4. pag.53
Of Exteriour, and Interiour Sounds, Exp, 4. pag.54
Of Articulation of Sounds, Exp.9. ibid,

Century. III.

E the Lines in which Sounds mone, Exp.6. pag.57
QO? the Lafling or Perifbing of Sounds, Exp. 5. pag.58
Of the Paffage or Interception of Sounds, Exp. 5. pag-59

Of the Medium of Sounds. Exp. 4. pag.60
Of the Figures of Bodies yeelding Sounds. Exp.3. ' pag.61
Of Mixture of Sounds. Exp. 5. pag.62
Of Meliorationof Sounds. Exp. 7. pag.63
Of Imitation of Sounds. Exp. 6. pag.64
Of Reflexion of Sounds, Exp. 13. pag.65
Of Confent and Diffent betweene Audibles, and Vifibles. Exp. 23. iY

The Table.

Of Sympathie and Antipathie of Sounds, Exp. 5. pag.72
Of Hindring er Helping of Hearing, Exp. 4. P2g.73
Of the Spirituall and Fine Nature of Sounds, Exp. 4, ibid.
Of Orient Colours im Diffolutions of Metalls, Exp., pag.74
Of Prolongation of Life. Exp. x. pag.75
Of the Appetite of Vutonin Bodies, Exp. 1. ibid.
| Of the like Operations of Heat and Time. Exp. 1. pag.76
| Of the Differing Operations of Fire and Time. Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Motions by Imitation, Exp.1. ibid.

Of Infectious Difeafes, Exp.t. ibid,
Of the Incorporation of Pewders and Liquoars, Exp. 1. pag.77
| Of Exercife of the Bedy 5 And the Benefits, or Enils thereof. Exp.1. ibid.
If Meats foone Glutting, or Not Glutting. Exp. 1. ibid.

Century. IV.

()' Clarification of Liquours, ana the Accelerating thereof. Exp. tt.

pag.8r |
Of Matarstion, and the Accelerating thereof ; And of the Matura-
sion of Drinks, and Breit. Exp.15, pag.33,

| Of Making Gold. Exp. t. (ais

Of the Senerall Natures of Gold, Exp.t.

Of Inducing and Accelerating Putrefaction. Exp. 12.

Of Probibiting and Preuenting Putrefaction, Exp.11.
Rotten Wood Shining. Exp. 1.

Of Acceleration of Birth, Exp. 1.

Of Acceleration of Growth and Stature, Exp. 1.

Of Bodies Sulphureousand Mercurial, Exp.5.

Of the Chameleon, Exp.t.

Of Subterrany Fires. Exp. 1.

Of Nitrous Water. Exp, 1.

Of Congealing of Aire, Exp. 1.

Of Congealing Water into Cry/tait.. Exp. 1.

Of Preferuing the Smell, and Colour, is Refe-Leanes. Exp. 1,
Of the Laffing of Flame. Exp.to.

Of Infufions or Burials of diuers Bodiesia Earth, Exp. 5.
Of the Affects of Mens Bodies from (enerall Winds, Exp. 1.
Of Winter and Summer Sickneffes, Exp. 1.

Of Pefislential Teares. Exp. 1,

Of Epidemiucall Difeafes. Exp.t.

Of Preferuation of Liquours in Wells, or deepe Vaults, Exp. 1.

The Table.

Of Stutting. Exp. 1. .10
ae Chel Exp. 4. Pe id
Of the Goodueffe, and Choice of Waters, Exp.7. pag.104
Of Temperate Heats under the quinoctiall, Exp. 1. pag. 105
| Of the Colouration of Blacke and Tawney Moores, Exp.t. ibid.
Of Métion after the Infiant of Death. Exp.t, pag.196

Century. V.

(@) Accelerating or Haftening forward Germination. Expet. 12.

; pag:109
Of Retarding or patting backe Germination, Exp.9. pag.112
Of Meltorating, or making better, Fruits, amd Plawts. Exp.55. pag.114

| Of Compound Fruits, and Flowers. Bxp. 3. pag.122
Of Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants, Exp. 19. pag.123

Of Making Herbs and Fruits Medicinable, Exp, 2. pag.i23

Century. VI.

F Curiofities about Fruits, and Plants. Exp. 17. pag.131
of the Degenerating of Plants ; And of their Tran[mutation one

into another, Exp. 14. — -pag-135

Of the Proceritie and Lowne/je of Plants , And of Artificial Dwarfing
them. Exp. 5. pag.133
Of the Rudiments of Plants 3 And of the Excréfcemces of Plasts, or Super-
Plants, Exp.26. ibid.
Of producing Perfect Plants without Seed, Exp, 11. p3g-143
Of Forraine Plants, Exp. 3. pag.144.
Of the Seafoms of fenerall Plants, Exp. 6. pag.145
Of the Lafting of Plants, Exp. 5. pag.146
Of feuerall Figures of Plants, Exp. 3. pag.147
Of ome principal Differences in Plants, Exp. 4. ~pag.148

Of all Manne? of Compofts and Helps for Ground, Exp. 6. pag.149
ba Ee
Century.

The Table.

Century. VII.

F the Affinities and Differences berweene Plants, asd Bodies Inani-
Q) mate, Exp.6. pag-153
NF of Affinities and Differences betmeene Plants, and Living Crea-

tures 5 And of the Confinersand Participles of Beth, Exp. 3. pag.ts4
Of Plants Experiments Promifcnous. Exp. 67. pag.155
Of Healing of Wounds, Exp.t. pag.169
Of Fat diffufedin Flefh. Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Ripening Drinke jpeedily. Exp.t. ~ * pag.170
Of Pilofitie and Plumage, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of the Ouickne/fe of Motion in Birds. Exp.1. ibid.
Of the Clearne(fe of the Sea, the North Wind blowing. Exp. 1. ibid,
Of the Different Heats of Fire and Boyling Water. Exp, 1. ibid.
Of the eee of Heat by Moifture, Exp. 1. pag.171

ye. Exp.t. ibid,

Of the Piccones- Exp. 1. ibid,
Sneezing. Exp. 1. 173 |:

“Aye Tenderneffe of the Teeth, Exp, 1. Ped,
Of the Tongue, Exp. 1. ibid,
Of the Mouth out of Taffe, Exp. 1. | ibid,
Of fome Prognofticks of Peftilensial Seafows. Exp. 1. ibid,
Of Special Simples for Medicines. Exp, 1. ibid.

Of Venus, Exp. 3. pag.173
Of the Infecta, or Creatures bred of Putrefattion, Exp. 3. pag.174
Of Leaping, Exp. 1. pag.177
of ‘ad Pleafures and Difpleafures of Hearing, and of she other Senfes.

xp. 1. ; ibid.

Century. VIII.

: F Veines of Earth Medicinal. Exp.t. pag.181
Of Sponges, Exp. 1. 3 ibid.
_ Of Sea-Fifh in Frefh Waters, Exp.t. pag.182
Of Attraction by Similitude of Sabftawce, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Certaine Drinks in Turkey. Exp... ibid.
Of Sweat. Exp. 6. pag.183
Of the Glo-Worme, Exp.t. pag.184
Pr i 0

\

The Table.
Of the ImprefSions upon the Body, from feserall Pafisons ofthe Mind Ex P.O.

ibid.
Of Drunkenneffe. Exp ag.i8
he ee te taken moderately. PSP. I. pag. 188
of Catterpillers. Exp. 1. ibid.}
of the Flyes Canthartdes, Exp.t. -pag.
Of Lafitude, Exp.2. ibic
Of Cafting the she. and Shell, in fome Creatwres. Exp. 1. ibid.
Of the Poftures of the Body. Exp. 3. pag.190
Of Peftélentiall Yeares, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of fome Prognofticks of Hard Winters. Exp.1. ibid,

Of certaine Medicines that condenfe and releewe the spirits, aa pag.19r
Of pacutings of the Body, Exp. I. i
Of the vfe of Bathing, and Annointing, Exp.1,

Of Chamoletting 4 Me Exp. 1, _ pag.192
of Cuttle-Inke, ibid,
Of Earth inesfng in weak. Exp.I. ibid.
Of Sleepe. Exp.3 ibid.

Of Tecth,and Dad s nbftances in the Bodies of Lining Creamres. Exp. 11.

2-1
Of the Generation, and Bearing of tape Creatures in the Wombe. = ies
. ag.195
Of Species Vifible, Exp. 2. . eas
Of Impulfion, and Pereufi on. Exp. 3. pag.19
Of Titillation, Exp. L. pag.19
Of Scarcity of Raine in Aeypt, Exp.1. _ ibid.
Of Clarification. Exp. 1. ibid,
Of Plants without Leanes. Exp. I. pag. 199
Of the Materials of Gla/fe. Exp.1. |» vp dbid,
of Prohibition of Patrefaction, oe the long costani of Bodies, Ex ke
ibid,
of Abundance of Nitre in certaine Sea-Shoares, Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Bodzes Lorne up by Water. Exp. 1. ibid.
Of Fuell confuminglistle or nothing, Exp. 1. ibid,
Of Cheape Fuell, Exp. 1. pag.20r
Of Gathering of Wind ar Fre(bnelfé. Exp. 1. ibid.

Of Trials of Aires, Exp.1.

Of Increafing Milkein Milch-Beafts. Exp. 1. ibid,
Of Sand of she Nature of Glaffe, Exp.1. pag.202
Of the Growth of Corall, Exp.t. ate py ibid.
(Of the Gathering of Manna. Exp. i, q2 On ibid,
Of Correcting of Wines. Exp, Tous! sanyo Abid.
Of Bitumen, one of the Materialls of Wilde-Fire. aR Te e\ an PAga2o
Of Plafter growing as hard as Marble. pugs 1 att Swanl’t ‘bid, |
Of the Cure of fome Vicers and Hurts. Ex ibid. |

ue the Healthfulne(fe or Peeciaaeel of ba sonsherne Wind.Exp.t sathid. |

‘oe.

ha Wounds made with B Braff. and with Trop, Expy’ t. ibid,
(Of Mortification by Cold, Exp. Tei. - pag.204
(Of Wright, Exp.1. - : ibid.
‘of Riser. Natation of Bodies, Exp.1. : ibid
Of the Flying of esa Bodtes iw the Aire, Ep: i. ibid.

| Of Viater that it may be the Medinm of Sounds, Exp, 1. Pagi205
Of the Blight of the Spirits vpon odious Objects, Exp. 1, ibid
Of the Super- Reflexion of Etchd's, Exp. 1, ibid.
Of the Force of Imagination i imitating that of the a Exp.1. pag.206
if Preferwation of Bodies, Exp.1, ibid,
Growth, or Multiplying of Metalls, Exp, 3} ibid.

Of the Drowning the more bafe Mesall deshe more Previous, Expr, ibid,
ixation of Bodies, Exposes yiowds pag.207
te ReftlefJe Nature of Things in Them /olves and their Defireto oo.
Exp. I, ibid,

Tea as?

~ om
a) —_—_ — —— — —— — eestor ie

Century. I x. | e :

F Perceptionin Bodies cae tending +0 Navoral Disinton ond
©) Subtill Trials, Exp. 20," % "pag.21t

Of the Cafes ef. ein the Stomath, Esp) I a
OF Swmeetne([e of Odour fromth Rai Bow, =. oo tex

‘Sweet Smells, Exp. 1 19 pap a8
‘be Corporcall Sabjtance of Smells Exp. 1. if savarhiraies ot
"Petide and Fragrant Odours. Exp. 1. Ee wt SA, |
the Canfes of Putrefaition, Exp.t. 9 ©) GD “2Pag:220
Arena ote Y Mixt, a8 I, oP GS |. NID,

Crudity: EXD sie a tee dha » ibid,
: aa which may ‘eeeas ‘hai 2 Bap, os \"pdg.2 at

If Bodies Liquefiable, and Not Liquefuable, Exp, MENS i 1 wha a9

Bodies Fragile and Tough. Exp. PL ANA RS TH LONG Fe,
foe SS Ai ae Expr’ i. pag.223
‘Comcretion and Diffolution of Bodies, Exp. 1, ibid,
Of Bodies Hard and Soft. Exp. 1, ibid,

Of Bodies Duttite,and Ten file Sy 4 pag.224

Of Senerall Paffions of Mat sal Charttersof Bodies, Exp.1. ibid,
of nlarain ly Soma Bxp. i ass ah 5
ibid,

Of the Biner fort 0 Bafe Metalls, Exp. 1. ee ibid,
ting fe i Waies! Expir. "> ssiates\ent? 9s 1 ibid.
ie Altering OF Colours ia Waives and Peaster’. Epi To pag.226
Be Di ifferences of Liwing Creatures, Male and Female. Exp.1. “ibid.
¢ Comparatine Magnitude of Lining Creatares! Exp.r, aa

No )

| The Table, hal

The Table.

| of the Salamander. Exp. 1-

| |
ea ig ee
| of Producing Frait without Coare or Stone. Exp. I. aid.
Of she Melioration of Tobacco. Exp. !. ed
| Of Senerall Heats working she fame Effects. Exp. T- pag.228
| Of Swelling and Dilatation in Botling. EXP. Ie.) Ax
Of the Dalcoration of Fruits. Exp, ' ibid,
| Of Flefh Edible, ana not Edible. Exp.t. pag.229
ibid,
|

of the Contrary Operations of Time, Upem Fruits and Liquowrs. Exp.

Of the Scarlet Dye. Exp.1.
Of Maleficiating. Exp. 1.

Of the Influences of the Moone. Exp. 8.

Of Vinegar. Exp. 1. li <4
Of Creatures that fleepe all Winter. Exp. 1. |
Of the Generating of Creatwres by Copulation,

j F the Tran[mifion and Ieflux of Imenaseriate Yertaes, and shee
Force of Imagination ; whereof shere be Experiments Montter)

| i three ; In all, Exp it.
Of Emifion of Spirits in Vaponr,or Exbslatte

| pag.230
of Blowes and Bruifes. Exp. t. ibid.
Of the Orris Root, Exp. ta ibid.
of the Cmprefsion of Liquours, Exp. ibid.

of the working of Water upon Aire Contigwonte Exp.3. pag-235

Of the Nature of Aire. Exp. I- ’ ibid,

Of the Eyes and fight. Exp.7. ibid.

Of the Colour of the Sea,or other Water. Exp. ts pag.233

Of Shill-filo. Exp. t. ibid.

Of the Right Side, and the Left. Exp. 1. ibid.

Of Frictions. Exp.1. © t* 04 | ibid.

Of Globes appearing flat at diftamce, EXP. I. pag.234

Of Shadowes. Exp. 1. ; ibid.

Of the Rowling, and Breaking of the Segs. Exp. I. ranean) pibid.

Of the Dulcoration of Salt Water. Exp.t- : ibid,

Of the Retarneof Saline(fe in Pits by. the Sea-Shoare, Exp. Kal ibid,

Of Attraction by Similitude of Swefiance. EXPe ks .. Page 235

1 Of Attraction, Exper. 1 2 AY ibid,
\ Of Heat under Earth. Exp. Be «5 ibid.
| Of Flying in the Aire. Exp.1, ot
ibid.

o soo PAB238

|
|

Of the Rife of Liquours, or Powders, by mcanes of Flame, Exp. i oPaB2 36 |

and by Pusrefattion. Exp. 1.
sire peices: 2

p2g.241

Odour-like Exp.26.pag.246
,Odour-like.Lxp.26.pag of

PU Ri cape

| The Table.
| Of EmifSions of Spiritual Species, which affect the Senfes.Exp. 1. pag.250 .
Of Emi/iion of Immateriate Vertwes, from the Mindes, and Spirits of Mem, by

A fections, Imagination, or other Imprefiions, Exp. at. ibid.
Of the Secret Vertue of Sympathy,and Antipathy, Exp, 39. pag.257
Of Secret Vertues and Propricties, EXp.t. pag.265

Of the Gemerall Sympathy of Mens Spirits, Exp. 1. _ pag.266

FINIS.

Faults cfeaped in she Printing,

pie 6. ue 28. lancer, reade lacer. p. 28.1. 20. Quilt, y. Quilts. p 33.1.39. Amalgama, r. Ama-
lagma. p. 93. /. 35 lofe,r.loft. p,122.1 3. Ceppies, r. Coppice. 139. on the Zep of the Leafe,
woanteth part of theTirle; Rudiments of Plants, ang of the Exere{cencesof Plants, or Super Plants,
| p-222, 1.5. inredandat.

|

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IATLANTIS
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VVritten by the Right Honourable,Frawets
Lord Verulam, Vifcount St. Alban.

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NEVV ATLANTIS.

26) EE fayled from Peru, (wher wee had con-
“f= tinued by the {pace of one whole yeare,)
‘fo for China and Iapan, by the South Sea; ta-
£68 king with vs Victuals for twelue Mo-
Tea neths; And had good Windes from the
B Eaft,chough foft and weake, for fue Mo-
neths {pace,and more. But then the Winde
came about, and fetledin the Weft for many dayes, fo as we
could make little or no way, and were fometimes in pur-
poferoturne back. Butthen againe ther arofe Strong and
Great Windes from the South, with a Point Eaft; which
carried vs vp, (for all that we could doe)towards the North:
By which time our Viétualls failed vs, though we had made
good fpare of them. So that finding our felues, in the
Midft of the greateft Wildernefle of Waters in the World,
without Victuall, we gaue our Selues for loft Men, and
prepared for Death. Yet we did lift vp our Harts and
Voices to Gop aboue, who /heweth his Wonders in the
Deepe;, Befeeching him ofhis Mercy, that asin the Begin-
ning He difcouered the Face of the Deepe, and brought forth
Dry-Land , Sohe would now difcouer Land to ys, that we
mought not perifh. And it came to pafle,that the next Day
about Evening, we faw withina Kenning before vs, to-
wards the North, as it were thick Cloudes, which did put
vsin fome hope of Land, Knowing how that part of the
South Sea was veterly vyaknowne; And might haue Iflands,
| or Continents, that hithertoo were not come to lighr.
a3 Where-

~~ |
: |

New eA tlantis.

Wherefore we bent our Courfe thither, wher we {aw the
Appearance of Land,all that night, And inthe Dawning of |
the next Day,we might plainly difcerne that it was a Land ,
Flatt to our fight, and full of Bofcage, which madeit fhew
the more Darke. And after an Houre and a half Sayling,we
entred into agood Haven, being the Port of a faire Citty ;
Not greatindeed, but well built, and that gaue a pleafant
view from the Sea : And we thinking cuery Minute long, till
we were on Land, came clofe to the Shore, and offed to
land. But ftraightwayes we faw diuers of the People, with
Baftons in their Hands, (as it'were) forbidding vs to land;
Yet without any Cries or F iercenefle, but onel y as warning
vs off, by Signes that they made. Wherevpon being not alit.
le difcomforted, we were aduifing with our felues, what
we fhould doe. During which time, ther made forth to ys
a{mall Boate, with about eight Perfons in it ; wherofOne
of them had in his Hand a Tipftaffe ofa yellow Cane,tipped
at both ends with Blew, who carne aboard our Shipp,
without any fhew of Diftruft arall. And when he faw one
of our Number, prefent himfelfe fomewhat afore the reft,
he drew fortha little Scroule of Parchment, (fomewhat
yellower then our Parchment, and fhini ng like the Leaues
of Writing Tables, but otherwife foftand Hexible,) and de-
liuered it to our foremoft Man.In which Scroule were writ-
tenin Ancient Hebrew, and in Ancient Greeke, and in good
Latine of the Schoole,and in Spani(h, thefe wordes. Land yee
not none of you; And pronide to be gone, from this Coaf?, within fix-
tcene dates except you haue further time finen youn. Meanewhile, if
Jouwant Frejh Water, or Viétuall, or belpe for your Sick, or that |
your Ship needeth repaire, write downe your wants, and you [hall
bane that which belongeth to Mercy. This Sctoule was Signed
with a Stampe of (herubins Wings, not {pred, but hanging
downwards; And by thema Croffe. ‘This being deliueted, |
the Officer returned, and left onely a Seruant with vsto te.
ceyue our Anfweare. Confilting hereupon amoneft our
Selues,we were much perplexed. The Deniall of Landing,
& Hafty Warning vs away,troubled ys mutch; On the other

SS fide
aaa ee

New Atlant.

fide, to finde thatthe People had Languages, and were fo
fall of Humanicy, did comfort vsnot alittle. And aboue all,
the Signe of the (roe to that Inftrument, was to vs agreat
Reioycing, and as it werea certaine Prefage of Good. Our
_Aaiwer was in the Spani/h tongue ; That for our Shipp, it
| was well, For we had rather mett with Calmes, and contrary
Win les, then any Tempe/ts . For our Sick, they were many, ana in
every tll Cafe, So that if they were not permitted to Land, they ran
danger of their Lines. Our other Wants we lett downe in
particular, adding’, That we had fome little ftore of Merchandize,
Which if it pleafed them todeale for, it might fupply our Wants,
without being chargeable unto them. We offted fome Reward
in Piftoletts vnto the Seruant, anda peece of Crimfon Vel-
_uett tobe preteated tothe Officer: But the Seruant tooke
them nor, norwould{carce looke vpon them, And fo left
_ vs, and weat back in another little Boate, which was{ent
for him.

About three Houres after we had difpatched our An-
| fwear, ther came towards vs, aPerfon (asit feemed) of
_ place. Hehadon himaGowne with wide Sleeues, ofa

kinde of Water Chamolett, ofan excellent Azure Colour,
farre more glofly then ours : His ynder Apparell was Green;
And fo was his Hatt, being in the forme of a Turban, dain-
tely made, and not fo huge as the Turki/h Turbans, And
the Lockes of his Haire came downe below the Brimms
of it. A Reuerend Man washe to behold. Hee came in a
Boate,gilcin fome part of it, with foure Perfons more one-
lyin that Boate; And was followed by another Boate,
wherein were fome Twenty. When he was come withia
aFlight-fhott of our Shipp, Signes were made to. ys, that
we fhould fend forth fometo meet him vpon the Water ,
which we prefently did in our Shipp-Boate, fending the
principall Man amongftvs faue one, and foure of our Num-
ber with him. When we were come within fixe yards of
their Boate, th¢y calledtovstoftay, and not to approach
further , which we did. And therupon the Man, whom!
before defcribed, ftood vp, and witha loud voice, in Spa-

nifh,

| we

New Aslantes.

nifh, asked , Are yee (hristians ? We anlwered ; We were ; fea-

ring the lefle, becaule of the (roffe we had {een in the Sub-
feription. At which Anfwear the faid Perfon lift vp his
Right Hand towards Heauen, and*drew it foftly to his
Mouth, (which is the Gefture they vfe, when they thank
Gop.) And then faid: If yce will fweare,(all of you, ) by the Me=
ritts of the Saviove, that yee are no Pirates ; Nor bane fhed
bloud, lawfully nor vnlawfully, within fourtie daies paft . you may
| bane Licenfe tocome on Land. Wee taid ; Wee were all ready to
take that Oath. Wherupon one of thofe that were with him,
being (as it feemed) a Notary, made an Entry of this A&.
Which done, another of the Attendants of the Great Perfon,
which was evith him inthe fame Boate, after his Lord
had fpoken a little to him, {aid aloud; My Lord would hane

you know, thatat ts not of Pride, or Greatnes, that he commeth noc

aboard your Shipp , But for that, in your Anfwear, you declare,
that you haue many Sick among/t you, be was warned by the Con-
fernatour of Health, of the Citey, that he fhould keepe a diftance.
We bowed our felues towards him, and anfwered, Wee
were hts humble Seruants ; And accounted for great Honour, and
fingular Humanity towards vs, that which was allready done ,

But hoped well, that the Nature,of the Sicknes, of our Men, was |

not infeétious. »Sohe returned , And a while after came the
Notary.to vs aboard our Ship , Holding in his hand a Fruit
of that Cuntry, like an Orenge, but of colour between
Orenge-tawney and Scarlett; which cafta moft excellent
Odour. He vfed it (as it feemeth) for a Preferuatiue againft
Infection. He gaue vs our Oath ; By the Name of Ie/us, and his
Merits: And after told vs, that the next day, by fixe of the
Clockeyin the Morning, we fhould be fent to, and brought
tothe Strangers Fonfe, (f0 he called it,) wher we fhould be
accommodated of things, both for our VVhole, and forour
Sick. Sohe lefe vs, And when we offted him fome Pifto-
letts|he fmiling laid, He mujt not be twice paid, forone Labour:
‘Meaning. (asTtake it) that he had Salary fufficient ofthe
‘State for his Seruice. For (as I after learned) they call an Offi
cer, that raketh Rewards, Tivice-paid. lob s10790

ee ree,

The}

"

*
Fae pale

—

New eA tlantis.

The next Morning earely, ther cameto vs the fame Offi-
cer, that came to vs at firft with his Cane, and told vs, He
came to condutt vs to the Strangers Houle ; And that hee had
prenented the Houre, becanfe we wight haue the whole day before
ops, for our Bufineffe. For ({aidhe) If you will follow my Ad-
nice, ther [hall firft goe with me fome few of you, and fee the
place, and how it may be made conuenient fer you ; And then you
may fend for your Sick, and the reft of your Number, which yee
will bring on Land. We thanked him, and faid, That this
Care, which he tooke of defolate Strangers, GoD would reward.
And {0 fixe of vs went on Land with him : And when we
were on Land, he wentbefore vs, and turned to vs, and
faid , He was but our Seruant, and our Guide, Hee ledd ys
through three faire Streets ; And allthe way we went,
ther were gathered fome People on both fides, ftanding in
2Rowe ; But in fo ciuilla fafhion, as if it had beene, not
to wonder at vs, but to welcome vs : And diuers of them,
as we pafled by them, put their Armesa little abroad ;
which is their Gefture, when they bid any welcome. The
Strangers Houfe isa faire and {pacious Houfe, built of Brick,
of fjomewhat a blewer Colour then our Brick, And with
handfome windowes, fome of Glafle, fome of a kinde of
Cambrick oylfd. He brought vs firft into a faire Parlour
aboue ftaires, andthen asked vs ; What Number of Perfons
we were 2 And how many fick ?We anfwered, We were in all,
( fick and whole ,) one and fifty Perfons, whereof our fick were
Jexenteene. He defired vs to haue patience a little, andto ftay
till he came back to vs; which was about an Houre after,
Andthen hee led vs to fee the Chambers, which were
prouided for vs, being in number nineteene. They hauing
caft it (as it feemeth ) that foure of thofe Chambers, which
were betterthen the re{t, might receiue foure of the princi-
pall Men of our Company ; And lodge them alone by
themfelues; And the other 1 5.Chambers were to lodge vs
twoandtwo together. The Chambers were handfome
and cheerefull Chambers, and furnifhed ciuilly:; Then
heleddvs to a long Gallery, like a Dorture, where hee

bi fhewed

Oaey ig New Atlantis.

| fhewed vs all along the one fide (for the other fide was
but VVall and VVindow,) feuenteene Cells , Very neat
ones, hauing partitions of Cedar wood. VVhich Gallery,
and Cells, being in all fourty (many more then we needed,)
| were inftituted as an Infirmary for fick Perfons. And he
told vs withall,that as any of our Sick waxed well,he might
be remoued from his Cell, toa Chamber : For which pur.
pole, there were {ett forth ten fpare Chambers, befides the
Number we {pake of before. “This done, he brought vs
back to the Parlour, and lifting vp his Cane alittle, (as they
doe when they giue any Charge or Commaund) {aid to vs ;
Yee are toknow, that the Cuftome of the Land requireth, that after
this day, and too morrow, (which we Line you for remouing of your
| people from your Ship,) you are to Keepe within dores for three daies.

|
But lett it not trouble you, nor doe not think your Jelues reftrained,

butrather left to your Reft and Eafe. You fhall want nothing, and
there are fixe of our People appointed to attend you, for any Bufines
youmay bane abroad. VVeegaue him thankes, with all Af.
fection and Refpect, and faid ; Gon furely is manifefted in
this Land. VYVeeoftred him alfo twenty Pi ftoletrs , But he
{miled, and onely faide, What? twic e paid! And foheleft ys.
Soone after our Dinner was ferued in; VVhich was right
good Viands, both for Bread, and Meate: Better then any
Collegiate Diett,that I haue knowne in Europe. VV chad alfo
Drinke of three forts, all wholefome and good. VVine of
theGrape ; A Drink of Graine, {uch asis with ys our Ale,
but more cleare: And a kinde of Sider made of a Fruit of
that Cuntry . A wonderfull pleafing and Refrefhing Drink,
Befides, ther were brought in to vs,great ftore of thofe Scar-
lett Orenges,for our Sick , which(they faid) were an aflured
Remedy forficknes taken at Sea. Ther wasgiuen vs allo, a
Boxe of {mall gray, or whitith Pills, which they wifhed
our Sicke {hould take, one of the Pills, euery night before
fleepe, which (they faid) would haften their Recoucry.
The next day, after that our Trouble of Carriage, and Re-
mouing of our Men, and Goods, out of our Shipp, was
fomewhat fetled and quiete, I thought good to call our

i oood) Company '

New eA tlantt.

Company together, and when they were aflembled, {aid
vnto them ; My deare Frends ; Let vs know our felues, and
how it ftandeth withvs. We are Men ca/ton Land, as lonas
was, out of the Whales Belly , when we were as buried in the
Deepe : And now Wwe areon Land, wee are but between Death
and Life; Forte are beyond, both the Old World, and the New,
And Whether ever Wee {hall fee Europe, Go D onely knoweth,
Ic is akinde of Miracle hath brought vs bither : And it muf? bee
little leffe, that fhall bring vs hence. Therefore in regard of
our Delinerance pa/?, and our danger prefent, and to come, let
ws looke vp to Gon, andenery man reforme his owne Wayes.
Befides we are come here among? a Chriftian People, full of
Piety and Humanity: Let vs not bring that Confusion of face
upon our felues, as to fhewour vices, or Unworthineffe before
them. Yet there is more. For they haue by Conmandement,
(though in forme of Courtefie) Cloiftered vs within thefe Walls,for
three dayes : Whoknoweth, whether it be not, to take fome taf?
of our manners and conditions ¢ And if they finde them bad, to
banifh vs ftraight-wayes , If good togine ys further time. For
thefe Men, that they haue ginen vs for Attendance, may with-
all haue an eye upon vs. Therefore forGo vs lone, and as we
lowe the weale of our Soules and Bodies, let vs fo behane our felues,
as Wee may be at peace with Gon, and may finde grace in the
Byes of this People. Our Company with one voice thanked
mefor mygood Admonition, and promifed me to htue fo-
berly and ciuilly, and without giuing any the leaft occafion
of Offence. So we {pent our three dayes ioyfully, and with-
out care, in expectation what would be done with ys,
when they were expired. During which time, we had eue-
ry houre ioy ofthe Amendment of our Sick; who thought
themfelues caft into fome Diuine Poole of Healing, They
mended fo kindely, and fo faft.

The Morrow after our three dayes were paft, ther came
to vs anew Man, that we had not feen before, clothedin
Blew as the former was, faue that his Turban was white,
with a {mall red Crofle on the Topp. He had alfoa Tippet
offineLinnen. Athis Comming in, he did bend to vsa

b 2 little,}

ee Noew Atlantis.

little; and put his Armes abroad. Wee of our parts faluted

him ina very lowly and fabmifsiue manner, As lookin

that from him, wee fhould receyue Sentence of Life, or
| Death. He defired to {peak with fome few of vs: Wher-
upon fixe of ys onely ftaied , and the reft auoyded the
'Rootne. He hid ; Lam by Office Gouerner of this Houfe of
| Strangers, and by Vocation Lam a Chriftian Prieft ; And there
_ fore amcome to you,to offer you my feruice, both as Stran gers, and
chiefly as Chriftians. Some things I may tell Jou, which I
| thinke you will not be vawilling to heare. The State hath ginen
| ou Licence to ftayon Land, for the fpace of fixe weekes : And

| let it not trouble you, if your occafions aske further time, for the
| Law in this point is not precife; And I doe not doubt, but my Jelfe
| fhall be able, to obtaine for you, fach further time, as may be con-
| uentent. Yee fhall alfocunderftand, that the Strangers Houfe,
| ts at this time Rich, and much aforehand ; For it hath layd vp
—Renenew thefe 37. yeares: For fo long it is, fince any Stran-
ger arriued in this part : And therfore take yee no care . The
| State willdefray you all the time you flay: Neither fhall you
| Jtay one day the leffe for that. As for any Merchandize yee haue
brought, yee {hall be well vfed, and hane Jour returne, either in
Merchandize, or in Gold and Siluer : For tovs it is all one. And
if you haue any other Requeft to make, hide it not. For yee
fhall finde, Wwe will not make your Countenance to fall, by the
| Aafwer ye fhall veceine. Onely this I muft tell you, that none of
you mujt goe aboue a4 Karan, (that is with them a Mileand
anhalfe) from the walles of the Citty, without efpeciall leaue.
We anfwered , after we had looked awhile one vpon an-
other, admiring this gracious and parent-like viage , That
we could not tell what to fay : For wee wanted words to expreffe
aur Ihankes ; nd his Noble free Offers left vs nothing to aske.
It feemed to vs, that we had before vs a piture of our Salua-
tion it Heauen : For wee that were a while fince in the Iawes of
| Death, were now brought intoa place, where we found nothing “but
-Confolations. For the Commandement laid vpon ws, We Would not
faile to obey it, though it was impo/sible, but our Hearts fhould be
enflamed to tread further upon this Happy and Holy Ground.

Wee

A 8 ER I ee!
——————————

SE a

nS = me

a - ==

New Atlantw.

Wee added ; That our Tongues fhould firft cleaue to the Roofes
of our Monthes, ere we fhould forget, either bis Renerend Perf n,
or this whole Nation, in our Prayers. Wee allo moft humbly
befought him, to accept of vs as his true feruants, by-as iuft
a Right, as euer Men on Earth were bounden, laying and
prelenting, both our Perfons, and allwe had, at his feete.
He faid; He was a Prieft, and looked for a Priefts reward ;
which was our Brotherly loue, and the Good of our Soules and Bo-
dies. So he went fromvs, not without teares of Ten-
derneffe in his Eyes ; And left vs alfo confufed with Toy
and Kindnefle, {aying amongft our felues , That wee were
come intoa Land of Angells, which did appeare to vs dayly, and
preuent vs with Comforts, which we thought not of, much leffe ex-
peéted.

The next day about 10. of the Clocke, the Gouernour
came to vs againe,, and after Salutations, {aid familiarly ;
That he was come tovifitus; And called for a Chaire , and
fact him downe ; And we being fome 10. of ys, (the reft
were of the meaner Sort; or elfe gone abroad; ) fate down
withhim. And when we w&e lect, he beganthus. Wee
of chis Ifland of Benfalem (for fo they call it in their Lan-
guage) have this ; That by meanes of our folitdry Situation ,
and of the Lawes of Secrecy, which we haue for our Trauellers .
and our rare AdmifSion of Strangers, we know well moft part of the
Habitable World,and are our felues unknowne. Therefore becaufe

he that knoweth leaft, is fitte/t to aske Queftions, it is more Rea-
Jon, for the Entertainement of the tine, that yee aske mee Quefti-
ons, then that I aske yor We an{wered; That wee humbly
thanked him, that he would giue vs leaue fotodoe : And that wee
conceiued by the taf? wee had already , that ther was no wordly
thing on Earth, more worthy to be knowne, then the State of that
happy Land. But aboue all (we laid) fince that wee were mett
from the feuerall Ends of the World, and boped affuredly, that
we fhould meete one day in the Kingdome of Heauen (fer that
we were both parts Chriftians) wee defiredto know (in refpect
that Land was fo remote, and fo dinided by va/t and cunknowne
Seas, from the Land, wher our SaAV1OVR walked on Earth)

Lor Mise Shy who

| t0 the Generations of Men) Between Diuine Mi-

New Atlanty.

who was the Apoftle of that Nation, and howit was conuerted to
the Faith? It appeared in his face, that he tooke great Con-
tentment in this our Queftion : Hee faid ; Ye knit my Heart
to, you, by asking this Queftion in the firft place ; For it fheweth
that you Firlt feeke the Kingdome of Heauen ; And I phall
gladly, and briefly, fatis fie your demaund. |
About twenty Yeares after the Afcenfion of oar S AVLOWR, it
| came to paffe, that ther was feen by the People of Renfala, (a (ite
ty vponthe Eafterne Coaft of our I/land,) within Night,(the Night
was Cloudy, and (alme,) as it might be fome mile into the Sea, a
great Pillar of Light, Not harp, butin forme of a Columne, or
Cylinder, rifing fromthe Sea, a great way up towards Fleayen,
and on the topp of it was feene a large (roffe of Light, more bright
_and refplendent then the Body of the Pillar, Vpon which fo
Jtrange a Spectacle, the People of the Citty gathered apace toges
ther vponthe Sands, to wonder ; And fo after put themfelues ins
toa number of {mall Boates, to goe nearer to this Maruetlous fight.
But when the Boates were come within (about) 60. yeards of
the Pillar, they found themfelues all bound, and could goe no fure
| ther; yet fo as they might moieto Loe about, but might not ap-
| proach nearer: Soas the Boates ftood allas ina Theater , behol-
| ding this Light, as an Heauenly Signe. It fo fell out, that ther was
| inone of the Boates, one of our Wife Men, of the Society of Salo-
| mons Houfe, which Houle, or Colledge (my good Brethren)
| is the very Eye of this Kingdome ; Who haning a while attentiuely
land deuoutly Viewed, and contemplated this Pillar, and Croffe, fell
downe upon his face ; And thenrayfed himfelfe opon his knees,
| and lifting vp his Hands to Heauen, made his prayers in this
| manner. :

|

Ord God of Heauen and Earth ; thou haft
vouch/afed of thy Grace,totho/e of our Order,
| to know thy Workes of Creation, and the Secretts of
| them ; And to difcerne Cas farre as appertaineth

racles,

New Atlantu.

racles, Workes of Nature, Works of Art, and Fm-

postures and FAupions of all forts. [doe bere acknow-
ledge and testifie before this People, that the T hing
which we now fee before our eyes, ws thy Finger,
and atrue Miracle. And for-as-much, as we learne
in our Bookes, that thou nener workeft «Miracles,
but toa Diuine and Excellent End, (forthe Lawes
of Nature are thine owne Lawes, and thou ex-
ceedeft them not but upon great caufe) wee most
humbly befeech thee, to profper thi great Signe .

And to giue vs the Fnterpretation and v/e of it in

Mercy ; Which thou daest in fome part Jecretly
promife, by fending 1t vnto vs.

VV ben he had made his Prayer, hee prefently found the Boate
he was in, meneable and cunbounda whereas all the reft remained
Rill faft , And taking that for an affurance of Leaue to approach,
hecaufed the Boate to be foftly, and with filence, rowed towards
the Pillar. Butere he came neere it, the Pillar and Crofle of
Light brake up, and caft it felfe abroad, as it Were, into a Fire
mament of many Starres , which alfo vanifhed foone after, and
there was nothing left to be feen, but a fnall Arke, or Cheft of
Cedar, dry, and not wett at all with water, though it fwam, And
in the Fore-end of it, which was towards him, grew a finall greene
Branch of Palme , And when the wife Man had taken it, with
all reverence, into his Boate, it opzned of it felfe, and there were
found init, a Booke, and a Letter ; Both written in fine Parch-
ment, and Wrapped in Sindons of Linnen, The Booke conteined
all the Canonicall Bookes of the Old and New Teftament,
according as youhauethem ; (For we know well what the Chur-
ches with you receiue,) And the Apocalyple it felfe ; And
fome other Bookes of the New Teftament, which were not at
that time written, were neuertheleffe in the Booke. And for the
‘Letter, it 4s in the/e words. |
I Bartholomew

New Atlanta.

Apoftle of lzsvs Curis, was warned by
an Angell, that appeared to me, in avifion of Glo-
ry, that # fhould commit ths Arke to the flouds of
the Sea. Therefore, I doe testifie and declare, ynto
that People, where Gon /fhall ordaine ths Ark
tocome to Land, that inthe fame day, ts come unto
them Saluation and Peace, and Good Will, from

the Father, and fromthe Lorv Lesvs.

There was alfo in both thefe writings, as well the Booke, as
the Letter, wrought 4 great Miracle, Conforme to that of the A-

that time, in this Land, Hebrewes,Perfians, and Indians, bes
fides the Natines, enery one redd vponthe Booke, and Letter, as
if they had been written in his dwne Language. And thus was
this Land faued from Infidelity, (as the Remaine of the Old World
was from Water) by an Atk, through the Apoftolicall and Mira-
culous Euangelifme of Saint Bartholomew. And here hee
paufed, anda Meffenger came, and called him from ys. So
this was all that paffed in that Conference.

The next Day, the {ame Gouernour came againe to vs,
immediately after Dinner, and excufed himfelfe, faying.
That the Day before, he was called from vs, fomewhat abruptly,
but now he would make vs amends, and [pend time with vs ; if We
held his Company, and (Conference agreeable. Wee aniwered ;
That wee held it fo agreeable and pleafing tous, as wee forgot both
Dangers paft, and Feares to come, for the time wee heard him
fpeake , And that wee thought, an Houre [pent with him, Wwas
worth Yeares of our former life. He bowed himfelfe alittle
to vs, and after we were fetagaine, he faid, Well, the Quefti-
ons are on your part. One of our Number faid, after a little
Paule, That there was a Matter , Wee were no leffe defirous to
know, then fearefull to aske, leaft wee might pre/ume too ie

ut

pegs oe a Seruant of the Higheft, and |

poftles, inthe Originall Gift of Tongues. For there being at |

New eA tlantts.

But encouraged by his rare Humanity towards vs, (that could
[carce thinke our félues Strangers, being bis vowed and profeffed
Seruants, ) Wwe would take the Flardines to propound it > Humbly
befeeching him, if hee thought it not fit tobee anfwered, that hee
would pardonit, though he retetted it. Weeflaid, VVce well ob-
ferued thofe bis words, which hee formerly /pake, that this bappy
Ifland, wher we now fioed, was knowne to few, and yet knew miuft
of the Nations of the World ; which we found to be true confidering
they had the Languages of Europe,and knew much of our State
andBufine [Je ; And yet we in Europe, (notwith/tanding all the
\ Yemote Difcoueries , and Nauigations of this laft Age) neuer
heard any of the leaf? Inkling or Glinfe of this Ifland. This we
found wonderfull flrange ; For that all Nations hane Enterknow.-
ledge one of another, either by Voyage into Forraigne Parts, or
by Strangers that come to them : And though the Trauailer in-
to a Forreine (ountrey, doth commonly know more by the Eye,
then he that flayeth at home can by relation of the Tranailer ,
Yet both wayes fuffice to make a mutuall Knowledge, in fome de-
gree, on both parts. But for this Ifland, wee neuer heard tell of
any Shipp of theirs, that had been feene to arrine opin any fhore
of Europe ; No, nur of either the Ealt or Welt Indies, nor yet
of any Shipp of any other part of the World, that had made re-
turne from them, And yet the Maruell refted not in this , For the
Situation of it (as his Lord(hip faid,) in the fecret Conclaue of
Such a vaft Sea mought caufe it. But then, that they fhould
haue Knowledge of the Languages, Bookes, Affaires, of thofe
that lye fuch a difance from them, it was a thing wee could
not tell what to make of ; For that it feemed to vs a condi«
tion and Proprietie of Dinine Powers and Beings , to be hid.
den and -unfeene to others, and yet tobaue others open, and as
in 4 light to them. At this {peach the Gouernour gaue 2
gracious fmile, and fayd ; That we did well to aske pardon
for. this QueStion we now asked ; For that it imported, as if Wwe
thought this Land,a Land of Magicians, that fent forth Spirit:
of the Ayre into all parts, to bring them Newes and Intelligence of
other Countries.It was anfwered by vs all,in all pofible hum-

blenes,but yet with a Countenance taking knowledge,that |

Cc wee

13

’
]

) Yeares * Eknow it well, And yet Lfay, greater then, than noi

New Atlantss.

we knead he fpakei it burmertily , That we were apt enough te
think ther was fome what fapemnatarall inthis I/land,but yet rather
as Angelicall, then Magicall. But to let bis Lord/hip know truely,
| what it it Was, that made vs tenderand doubtful-to aske this Que ueftion,
| it was not any fuch conceit, but becaufe we remembred,he had given
a Louch in bis formenS sich; shanithissDandlbadelsiaba of Secrecy
touching S brangers. To this he faid ; You remember it ar ight :
| And therefore t in that I hall fay to you, i miift referue fome particus
' lars, which it is not lawfull for:mee to reneale, but there will vet
ahodbb left; to gine you fatisfattion. !
i You wall cdndenfiand (that which perhaps you SiN re shink
i credible) that about three thoufand Yeares agoe, or fomewhat more,
| the Nauigation of the World { {pecially for remote Voyages) was
| greater then at this Day. Doenot thinke with your felues, that 1
| know nothow much it is encreafed: with you, within thefe fixefcore

| Whetherit was that the Example of the Atk, that Jaued the Rem-
| nant of Men, from thevniuerlall Deluge, gaue Men confidence to
_aduenture copon the Waters, Or what it was; but fuch ws the
Truth. The Pheeniceans, and fpectally the Tyrians, had great
Rlecten. ,29osBiddotbe “Catch aginians their Colony, which is yet
fur ther W eft. Toward the EaSt the Shipping of Eg gypt, and of Pa-
leflina was Likewife great. China alfo, and the great Atlantis,
(that you call America) which hane now but Iunks and Canoa’s, a-
bounded then in tall Ships. Ibis Ifland, (as appeareth by faithfull
Revifters of thofe times) had then fifteene hundred ftrong Ships,
of greatcontent. Ofall this, there is withyoufparing Memory, or
none, But ie haue lar “we Knowledge thereof.
vel dt tbat time , thi is Land was knowne and frequented by
the. Shipps and Veffell of all. the Nations before named,
And( asat commeth to paffe) they had many times Men of
other (ountries , that were no Saylers, that came with them,
4s Perfians, Chaldeans, Arabians; So as almoft all Natis |
ons af Might and Fame. rofor ted hither Of whom we haue fome
Sturps, and litele Tribes with vs, at his day, And for our owne }
Ships,they went fundry Voyages «. ws well to your Streights, which |
) jou icalbotbe. Pillars of Hercules’; As to other parts. imithe }
soy, ; Adantique!

New eA tlantts.

Atlantique and Mediterrane Seas , 4s to Paguin, (which és the
fame with Cambaline) azd Quinzy, vpon the Orsentall Seas,
as farre as to the Borders of the Eaft Tartary .
| At the fame time, and an Age after, or more, the Inhabitants of
| the great Atlantis did flouri(h. For though the Narration and De-
feription, which is made by a great Man with you; that the Defcen-
| dents of Neptune planted there; and of the Magnificent Temple,
| Pallace,Citie,and Hill, And the manifold flreames of goody Nani
gable Riuers, (which as fo many Chaines enuironed the fame Site,
and Temple.) And the feuerall Degrees of Afcent, wherby Men did
climb yp tothe fame,as if it had bina Scala Czeli;be all Poetical ex
Fabulous: Yet fo much is true,that the faid Country of Atlantis; As
well that of Peru then called Coya, as thatof Mexico then named
Tyrambel were mighty éo proud Kingdomes in Armes, Shipping,
and Riches: SoMighty,as at one time, (or at leaft within the fpace
of 10.Yeares,) they both made two great Expeditions ; They of
Tirambel through the Atlantique to the Mediterrane Sea, and
they of Coya through the South Sea opon this our Ifland: And
for the former of thefe, which was into Europe, the fame Aus
chour among? you, ( as it feemeth,} had fome relation fromthe E.
gyptian Prielt, whom he citeth. For affuredly fuch a thing ther
was. But whether it were the Ancient Athenians, that had the
Slory of the Repulfe, and Refiftance of thofe Forces, I can fay
nothing : But certaine it is, there neuer came backe, either Ship,
or Man, from that Voyage. Neither had the other Voyage of thofe
of Coya cuponevs, bad better fortune, if they had not met with
Enemies of greater clemency. For the King of this Ifland, (by
name Altabin,) 4 wife Man, anda great Warrier ; Knowing
well both his owne ftrength, and that of bis Enemies ; bandled
the matter fo, as he cut off their Land-Forces, from their Ships ;
and entoyled both their Nauy, and their Campe, with a greater
Power then theirs, both by Seaand Land: And compelled them
to render them/felues without ftriking ftroke : And after they were
athis Mercy, contenting himfelfe onely with their Oath, that they
ould no more beare Armes againft him, difmiffed them all in
fafety. But the Diuine Reuenge onertooke not long after thofe
proud Enterprifes. For within leffe then the [pace of one Finndred
Cc 2

Yeares

New Atlanits.

Yeares, the Great Atlantis was vtterly loft and deftroyed: Not
by a great Earthquake, as your Man faith , (For that whole Tra
islittle fubiect to Earthquakes ;) But by a particular Deluge or
Inundation ; Thofe Countries hauing,at this Day, farr greater Ri-
ners, and farr higher Mountaines, to poure downe waters, then as
ny part of the Old World. But it ts true, that the fame Inundation
was not deepe ; Not pajt fourty foote, in moft places, from the
Ground ; So that, although it deftroyed Man and Beaft generally,
yet fome few wild Inhabitants of the Wood efcaped. Birds alfowere
faued by flying tothe high Trees and Woods. For as for Men, al-
though they had Buildings in many places, bigher then the Depth of
the Water , Yet that Inundation, though it were fhallow, had a long
(continuance , whereby they of the Vale, that were not drow-
ned, perifhed for want of Food, and other things neceffary. So
as maruaile you not at the thin Population of America, nor at
the Rudeneffe and Ignorance of the People ; For you muj? ac-
count your Inhabitants of America as a young People ; Younger
a thoufand yeares, at the leaft, then the reft of the World: For
that ther was fo much time, betweene the Vniuerfall Floud,
and their Particular Inundation. For the poore Remnant of
Humane Seed , which remained in their Mountaines , Peopled
the Countrey againe flowly, by little and little ; And being
fimple and fauage People, (Not like Noah and his Sonnes,
which was the chiefe Family of the Earth) they were not able
ta leaue Letters, Arts, and Ciuillity, to their Pofterity , And
hauing likewife in their Monntanous Habitations beene fed,
(in refbeét of the Extreame Cold of thofe Regions, ) to cloath
themfelues with the Skinns of Tygers, Beares, and great Hats
ry Goates, that they haue in thofe Parts ; When after they
came downe into the Valley, and found the Intolerable Heates
which are there, and knew no meanes of lighter Apparell ; they
were forced to beginn the (uftome of Going Naked, which con.
tinueth at this day. Onely they take great pride.and delight,
in the Feathers of Birds . And this alfothey tooke. from thofe their
Aunceftours of the Mountaines., who were inuited unto it, by

| the infinite Flights of Birdes,that came vp tothe bigh Grounds,

while the Waters ftood below. So you-fee, by this mame Acct-
. dent

——~ ao

New ed tlantts.

dent of Time, wee loft our Traffique with the Americans, with
whom, of all others, in regard they lay nearef? to Vs, Wee had
maf? Commerce. “ds for the other Parts of the World, it is
moft manife/t, that in the Ages following, (whether it were in
refpe tt of Warres, or by anaturall Renolution of Time,) Na:
uigation did ewery wher greatly decay; And ppecially,, farre
Voyages, (the rather by the vfe of Gallies, and fuch Fe effells
as could hardly brooke the Ocean,) were altogether left and omite
ted. So then, that part of Entercourfe, which could bee from
other Nations, to Sayle to vs, you fee how it hath long fince
ceafed, Except it were by fome rare Accident, as this of yours.
But now of the (effationof that other Part of Biitercoutfe, which
mought be by our Sayling to other ao I muft yeeld you
fome other Caufe. For I cannot fay, ik I fhall fay truely,)
but our Shipping, for Number, Strength, Marriners, Pylots,
and-all things that appertaine to Nunigation, is as great as ener ;
And therefore why we fhould fit at home, I hall now giue you an ace
count by it felfe, And it will draw nearer,to gine you doar) to
your principal Que/tion.

There raigned in this Ifland, about 1900. Seiints agoe, a
King, whofe memory of all others we moft adore 3 Not Su-
perftitioufly, but as a Dinine Inftrument, though a Mortall Man:
His Name was Solamona : And we efteeme him as the Law-gi-
uer of our Nation. ‘This King had a large heart, inferuta:
ble for gid ; And was wholly bent to make bis Kingdome
and People Happy. He therefore taking into (on/ideration,
how fufficient and fubftantine this Land was, to maintaine it felf,
Without any ayd ( at all) of the Forrainer ; Being 5600.
Mites in circuit, and of rave Fertility of Soyle, in the greateft
part thereof, And finding alfo the Shipping of this Country
mought bee plentifully fet on worke, both by Fifhing, and by
Tranfportations from Port to Port , and likewife by Sayling
vnto fome {mall Iflands that are not farre from vs , and are yn-
der the Crowne and Lawes of this State ; And “recalling into
his Memory, the bapp yand flourifhing Eftate, wherein this Land
then was ; So as it mought bee a thoufand Wwayes altered to the
i but fcarfe any one Way to the better , thought nothing

Cc 3 Wane}

ty

PTS | New Atlantis.

i
} ee eS ee 8 — 0 SSS
i ‘panted to his Noble and Heroicall Intentions, but onely (as farr
as Humane forefight mought reach) to gine perpetustie to that,
which was in his time fo happily eftablifhed. “Therefore among ft
his other Fundamentall Lawes of this Kingdome, he did ordaing
the Interdiéts and Prohibitions , which wee haue touching En-
trance of Strangers ; which at that time ( though it was after
the Calamity of America) was frequent ; Doubting Nouelties,
and (ommixture of Manners. It % true, the like Law, as
gainft the Admifsion of Strangers without Licenfe, is an Anci.
| ent Law y inthe Kingdeme of China, and yet continued in vfe.
But ther it is a poore Thing ; And hath made them a curious, tg-
norant, fearefull, foolifh Nation. But our Law-giuer made
his Law of another temper. For firft,. bee hath preferued all
points of Humanity, in taking Order, and making Prouifion for
the Reliefe of Strangers diftreffed ; whereof you baue tafted.
At which Speach (as realon was ) wee all rofé vp, and
bowed our {elues. Hee wene on. Thai King alfo till dee
firing to ioyne Humanity and Pollicy together ; And thinking it
againft Humanity, to detaine Strangers here againf? their wills,
Ard agcinft Pallicy, that they fhould returne, and difcouer their
Knowledge of this Eftate, hz tooke this Courfe : He did ordaine,
that of the Strangers, that fhould be permitted to Land, as ma-
ny (at all times) mought depart as would ; But as many as
would flay, fhould haue very good Conditions, and Meanes to
line, from the State. Wherein hee faw fo farre, that nowin
fo many Ages fince the Prohibition, Wee baue memory not of
one Shipp that euer returned, and but of thirteene Perfons on:
ly, at feuerall times, that chofe to returne in our Bottomes.
What thofe few that returned may-haue reported abroad Iknow
not. But you muft thinke , Whatfoener they haue faid, could
bee taken where they came, but for a Dreame. Now for our
Tranelling from hence into Parts abroad, our Law-giuer
thought fit altogether to reftraine it. So is it not in China. For
the Chineles fayle where they will, or can; which fheweth,that
thier Law of Keeping out: Strangers, is « Law of Pujillants
mity,and feare, But this refiraint of ours , bath one onely Ex-
ception, Which is admirable. Preferuing the good which com.
“meth !

ee

New eA tlantts.

meth by communicating with Strangers, and auoyding the Hurt ;
And. I will now open it toyou. And here 1 fhall feeme'a little to
digreffe, but you will by and by finde it pertinent. Yeevfball yn.
derftand, (my deare Friends, ) that among/t the Excellent Aéts
of that King, one abone all hath thepreheminence. It mas the Eres
ion, and Inftitution of an Order,or Society, which wee call Sa-
lomons Houle ; The Noble/t Foundation, (as wee thinke, ) that
ener was Upon the Earth ; And thé Lanthorne of this Kanedome.
It ts dedicated to the Study of the Works ,and Creatures of Gov.
Some thinke it beareth the Founders Name a little corrupted, as
if it fhould be Solamona’s Houle. But the Records write ityas it
us fpoken. Sows Itake it to bee denominate of the King of the He-
brewes, which is famous with you, and no Stranger to vs.
For wee haue Jome Parts: of his works, which with you are lof.
Namely that Naturall Hiftory, which hee wrote of all Plants,

from the Cedar of Libanus , to the Moflethat groweth out

of the Wall, And of all things thathaue Life and Motion.
This maketh me thinke, that our King finding himfelfe ta Sym-
bolize, in many things with that King of the Hebrewes (which
lined many yeares before him ) honoured him with the Title of
this Foundation. And I am the rather induced to be of this Opi-
nion, for that I finde in ancient Records, this Order or Societie
is fometimes called Salomons Houle ,; And fometimes the
Colledge of the fixe Daies Workes : wherby I am fatisfi-
ed; That our Excellent King bad learned fromthe Hebrewes,
That Gov had created the World, and all that therin is; within
fixe Dayes ; And therefore hee inftituting that Houle, for the
finding out of the true Nature of all Things, (wherby Gov
mought bane the more Glory in the Workemanfhip of them, and
Men the more fruit in the fe of them, ) did gine it alfo that
[econd Name. But now to come to our prefent purpofe. “When
the King had forbidden, to all his People, Nauigation into a
ny Part, that was not under bis Crowne, he made nenertheleffe
this Ordinance , That euery twelue yeares ther fhould be fet forch,
out of this Kingdome, two Ships, appointed to fenerall Voya
ges. That ineither of thefe Shipps, ther [hould be a Mifsion of

three of the Fellowes, or Brethren of Salomons Houle: |

Ihofe

> ees

ig

|

{
|

1
|
|
}

New Atlantis.

whofe Errand was onely to gine us Knowledge of the Affaires
and State of thofe Countries, to which they were defigned , And
efpecially of the Sciences, Arts, Manufactures, and Inuentions of
all the World ; And withall to bring unto vs, Bookes, Inftru
ments, and Patternes, in euery kinde: That the Ships, after they
had landed the Brethren, fhould returne , And that the Bre-
thren fhould ftay abroad till the new Mi/sion. Thefe Ships are
not otherwife fraught, then with Store of Viélualls, and good
Quantitie of Treafure to remaine with the Brethren, for the
buying of Juch Things, and rewarding of fuch Perfons, as they
frould thirke fit. Now for meto tell you, how the Vulgar fore
of Marriners are contained from being difcouered at Land ; And
how they that muft be put on fhore for any time , colour them/elues
cunder the Names of other Nations ; And to what places thefe
Voyages haue beene dejigned ; And what places of Rendez-
Vous are appoimed fer the new Mifsions ; And the like Cire
cumflances of the Practique ; I may not doe it, Neither is it
much to your defire. But thus you fee, wee maintaine a Trade,
not for Gold, Siluer,or Iewels , Nor for Silkes, Nor for Spi-
ces; Nor any other Commodity of Matter; But onely for Govs
firft Creature, which was Light : To hane Light ( 1 fay) of the
Growth of all Parts of the World. And when hee had faid
this, he was filent ; And fo were weeall. For indeed
wee were all aftonifhed , to heare fo ftrange things
fo probably told. And hee perceiuing, that wee were
willing to fay fomewhat, but had it not ready, in
great Courtefic tooke vs off, and defcended to aske vs Que-
{tions of our Voyage and Fortunes, and in the end concluy-
ded, that we mought doe well, to thinke with gar felues,
what Time of [tay wee would demand of the State, And
bad vsnotto fcantour felues ; For he would procure fuch
time as wee defired. Wherevpon wee all rofe vp, and pre-
fented our {elues to kiffe the skirt of his Tippet ; But hee
would not {offer vs; and fo tooke his leaue. But when it
came once amongft our People, that the Stateyyfed to offer
Conditions to Strangers, that would ftay, wee had Worke |.
enough to get any of our Men to looke to our Shipp; And }
to

a ee

New Atlantss.

to keepe them from going prefently 'to'the Gouernour,
| to ccraue Conditions. But with much adoe wee ‘rcfrained
them, till we mought agree wharCourfe to take. :

Wetook our {clues now for freemen, {eeing ther wasino
danger of our veter Perdition;And lived mo tioyfully going
abroad,and feeing what was tobe feen,in the Citty,and pla-.

ces adiacent, within our Tedder ; Andobtaining Acquain-
tancewicth many of the Citcy, ‘not of theimeaneft Quallity
At whofe hands we found fiich Humanity, and fuch a Free-
domeand detire,to take Strangers, as it were,into their Bo-
fome,as was enough co make vsforget all chat was deare to
vs;in our owne Countries: And'continually we mete with
many things,right worthy of Obferuation, & Relation : As
indeed, if ther be a Mirrourin the World, worthy to hold
Mens Eyes,itisthatCountrey. Oneday there were two of
our Company bidden to a Fea/t of the Family, as they call it.
Aunoft Naturail Pious,& Reuerend Caftome it is,fhewing
that Nation tobe compounded ofall Goodnes. This is the |
manner of it. Itis granted toany Man, that fhallliueto fee |
thirty Perfons,defcended of his Body, aliue together, and all
aboue 2.yeares old, to make this Fea/?,which is done at the |
Coftof the State. The Father of the Family, whom they call.
the Tivfan,two dayes before the Fea/?,taketh to him three of
fuch Friends as he liketh to chufe, And is afsifted alfo by the
Gouernout of the Citty,or Place, where the Fea/tis celebra-
ted; And all the Per/ons of the Family,of both Sexes,are fum-
moned to attend him. Thefe two dayes the Tirfan fitteth in,
Confultation,cocerning the good Eftate of the Family. Ther,
if ther be any Difcord or {utes betweene any of the Family,
they are compounded and appealéd. Ther, if any of the
Family bee Diftreffed or Decayed, order is taken for their
Reltefe, and competent meanes toliue. Ther, if any bee
fubiect to vice, or take ill Courfes, they are reproued and
Cenfured. So likewife, Direction is giuen touching Mar-
riages, and the Courfes of life, which any of them fhould
take,with diuers other the like Orders and Aduifes. The
Gouernour afsifteth, to the end, to put in Execution, by his
d Publicke

New Atlantis.

Publicke Authority, the Decrees and Orders of the Tirfan,
if they fhould. bee difobeyed ; Though that feldomenee-
deth ; Such Reuerence and Obedience they giue, to the
Order of Nature. The Tirfan doth alfo then, euer chufe
one Man from amongft his Sonnes, to liue in Houfe with
him, Whois called,cuer after, the Sonne of the Vine. The
Reafon will hereafter appeare. On the Feaft day, the Fa-
ther or Tirfancommeth forth after Diuine Seruice, into a
| large Roome, where the Fea/? is celebrated , Which Roome
hath an Halfe-Pace at the vpper end. Againft the wall,
| in the middle of the halfe-pace, isa Chaire placed for him,
with a Table and Carpet before it. . Quer the Chaire is
a State, made Round or Ouall, and itis of Tuy ; An Iuy
fomewhat whiter then ours, like the Leafe of a Siluer
Aspe, but more {hining ; For it is greene all Winter. And
the State is curioufly wrought with Siluer and Silke of di-
uers Colours, broyding or binding in the Iuy ; And is ever
of the worke, of fome of the Daughters of the Family,
| And vailed ouer at the Topp, witha fine Nett of Silke
| and Siluer. But the Subftance of it, is true luy; wherof,
| after it is taken downe, the Friends of the Family, are
| defirous to have fome Leafe or Sprigg to keepe. The Tire
fan commeth forth with all his Generation or Linage, the
Males before him, and the Females following him ; And
ifthere be a Mother, from whofe Body the whole Linage
is defcended, there is a Trauerfe placed in a Loft aboue,
onthe right hand of the Chaire, with a priuy Dore, anda

Wher fhee fitteth, but is not feene. When the Tirfan is
come forth, hefitteth downe in the Chaire ; And all the
Linage place themfelues againft the wall, both at his back,
and vpon the Returne of the Halfe-pace, in Order of their
yeares, without difference of Sexe, and ftand ypon their
Feete. When hee is fect, the Roome being alwaies full of |
Company , but well kept and without Diforder, after }
fome paufe, there commeth in from the lower endeof

the Roome, a Taratan, (which is as muchas an Herald; )
. And

carued Window of Glafle, leaded with Gold and blew, }

New eA tlaniy.

And on either fide of him two young’ Lads ; Wherof one
cartieth a Scrowle of their fhinisg yellow Parchment,
And the other a Clufter of Grapes of Gold, with a long
Foote or Stalke. The Herald, and Children, are cloathed
with Mantles of Sea-water greene Sattin ; But the He-
ralds Mantle is ftreamed with Gold, and hatha Traine.
Then the Herald with three Curtefies, or rather Inclinati-
ons, commeth yp as farre as the Halfe-pace ; And ther
firfttaketh into his Hand the Scrowle. This Scrowle is
the Kemgs (barter, containing Guift of Reuenew, and ma-
nany Priuiledges, Exemptions, and Points of Honour ,
granted to the Father of the Family, And it is euer-ftiled
and directed ; To /uch an one, Our welbeloned Friend and
Credstour : Which is a’Title proper onely to this Cafe. For
they fay, the King is Debter tono Man, but for Propaga-
tion of his Subieéts,, The Seale fet to the Kings Charter,
isthe Kings Image, Imboffed or moulded in Gold ; And
though fuch (Charters bee expedited of Courfe, aad as of
Right, yet they are varied by difcretion, according to the
Number and Dignicie of the Family. This Charter the
Herald teadeth aloud ; And while’ it is read, the Father
or, Tyrfan, ftandeth vp, lupported by two of his Sonnes,
-{uchias hee chooleth. Then th: Herald mountech the Half.
Pace; and deliueveth the Charter into hisHand , And-with
that, there is an Acclamation, by all thac are ‘prefent,
intherr Language, which isthus much, Happy are the peo-
ple of Benfalon:. Then the Herald taketh into his' Hand
from the ocher Child, the Clufter of Grapes, which is of
Gold ; Both the Stalke, andthe Grapes. But the Grapes
_aredaintely enamelled , And if the Males of the Family be
the greater number, the Grapes are enamelled Purple, with
a-litde Sunne fete on the Topp ; If the Females, then
they are enamelled into a greenifh yellow, with a Cref.
) fant-onthe Topp. The Grapes are in number as many
_as:there are Defcendents of the Family. ©\This Golden
Clafter, the Herald deliuereth alfo to the Tirfan, Who pre-
‘fently deliuereth it ouer, tothat Sonne, that hee had for-

Ay ri 2 _merly

+

24 Neew Atlantis.

merly chofen, tobee in Houfe with him; Who bea-
reth it before his Father, as an Enfigne of Honour, when
he goeth in publicke ever after ; And is thereupon called
the Sonne of the Vine. After this Ceremony ended, the
Father or Tirfan retireth , And after fome time commeth
| forth againe to Dinner, where he fitteth alone vnder the
| State, as before ; And none of his Defcendants fic with
him, of what Degree or Dignitie foeuer, exccpt he hap
| to be of Salomons Fionf2. Hee is ferued onely by hisowne
Children, fuch as are Male ; who performe vnto him all
feruice of the Table yponthe knee, And the Women on-
ily ftand about him, leaning againft the wall. The
| Roome belowe the Halfe-pace, hath Tables on the fides
| for the Ghefts that are bidden ; Who are ferued with
| great and comely order ; And towards the end of Din-
| ner (which in the greateft Feafts with them, lafteth neuer
aboue an Houreand an halfe) thereis an Aiymne lung, Vva-
ried according to the Inuention of him that compoieth ic,
(for they haue excellent Poefie, ) But the Subieét of it is,
(alwayes, ) the prayfes of Adam, ard Nosh, and Abraham.
Wherof the former two Peopled the World, and the laft
was the Father of the Faithfull : Concluding euer with a
Thankelgiuing for the Natinitie of our Saniour, in whofe
Birth, the Births of all are onely Blefled. Dinner being
done, the Tir/an retireth againe ; And hauing withdrawne
himfelfe alone into aplace, where hee maketh fome pri-
uate Prayers, hee commeth foorth the third time, to giue
the Blefsing ; withall his Defcendants, who ftand about
him, asat the firft. Then he calleth them forth by one
and by one, byname, as he pleafeth, though feldome the
Order of Age bee inuerted. The perfon that is called,
(the Table being before remoued,) kneeleth downe be.
fore the Chaire, and the Father Jayeth his Hand, vpon
his Head, orherHead, and giueth the Blefsingin thefe
Wordes ; Sonne of Benfalem, (or Daughter of Benfalem,)thy
Father faith it s The Man by whom thou haft Breath and Life
[peaketh the word . The Blefsing of the Enerlafting Father,

: the
ee 7

New Atlant.

the Princeof Peace, and the Holy Done, bee upon thee, and
make the dayes of thy Pilgrimage, good, and many. Thishe
faith toeuery of them ; And that done, if there be any of
his Sonnes, of eminent Meritt and Vertue, (fo they be not
abouetwo,) hee calleth for them againe ; And faith, lay-
ing his Arme ouer their fhoulders, they ttanding ; Sonnes,
it # Well yee are borne, gine God the prayfe, and perfeuere to
the end. And withall deliuereth to either of them a lewel,
made in the Figure of an Eare of Wheat, which they euer af-
ter weare in the front of their Turban ,orHac. This done,
they fall to Mulick and dances, And other Recreations, af.
ter their manner, forthe reftofthe day. This is the full or.
der of that Fea/?,

By that time, fixe or feuen Dayes were {pent,I was fallen
into ftraight Acquaintance, witha Merchant of that Citty,
whofe Name was Joabin Hee was a lew and Circumcie
Jed : For they haue fome few Stirps of Jewes, yet remai-
ning amongit them, whom they leaue to their owne Re-
ligion. Which they may the better doe, becaufe they are
of a farre differing Difpofition from the ewes in other
Parts. For whereas they hatethe Name of Curist 3 And
hauea fecret inbred Rancour againft the People amongtt
whom they liue ; Thefé (contrariwifé) giuevato our Sa-

vrovr many high Attributes, and loue the Nation of Ben. }
falem, extreamely. Surely this Man, of whom I {peake, }

would euet acknowledge, that Curisr was borne of a
Virgin ; Andthat hee was more then a Man; And hee
would tell how Gop madehim Ruler of the Seraphims,
which guard his Throane ; And they call him allo the
Milken Way, and the Eliah of the MefSiah ; And many o-
ther High Names ; which though they be inferiour to his
Diuine Maicftie, Yer they are farce from the Language of
other Jewes. And for the Countrey of Benfalem, this Man
would make no end of commending its Being defirous
by Tradition amongft the Iewes there, to haucit beleeued,
that the People thereof were of the Generations of Abra»
ham, by another Sonne, whom they call Nachorans And

d that

25

ee

| 3 3 >
ee

EB ive) | Neew Atlantis.
| that Mofes by afecret Cabalaordainedthe Lawes of Ben/a- |
lem which they now. vfe.;,And thet when the Me/Siab
fhould come, and.fit in his Throne at Hierufalem, the}
King of Benfalem, fhould fit at his feete, whereas other |
Kings thould keepe a great diftance. But yet fetting a-
fide thefe Iewi/h Dreames, the Man wasa wife Man, and
learned, and of great Pollicy, and excellently feene in the
_LawesandCuftomes of that Nation. Amongft other
| Dilcourfes, one day, Itoldhim, I was much affected with
| the Relation I had, from fome of the Company, of their
Cuftome, in holding the Fea/t of the Family; Forthat (me
thought) I had neuer heard of a Solemnity, wherein Na-
ture did {o much prefide. And becaule Propagation of Fa-
mnilies, proceedeth fromthe Nuptiall Copulation, Idefired
toknow,of him, what Lawes and Cuftomes they had
concerning Marriage ; And whether they kept Marriage
well ; And whether they were tyed toone Wife; Forthat
wher Population. is fo much affected , and fich as with
then ir feemed to be, ther is commonly Permifsion of Plu-
rality of Wines. Tothishe laid; You haue Rea/on for to com:
mend that excellent Inftitution of the Fealt of the Family. And
indeed wee hane Experience, that thofe Families, that are partakers:
of the Blefsing of that Feafly doe flourifh and proper ener after,
in anextrandinary, manner, But beare mee now, and I will
telly you What I know. You.fhall conderfland, that there i not
wnder. the, Fleauens, fochaft q Nation, as this of Benfalem, |
Nor fo.free from all Pollution, oy fouleneffe, . It is the Virgin of,
the World I remember, Ihane reddin one of your Europzan

sf idea

nes of a faire beautifull Cherubig, .For there is nothing,among/t. |
Mortall Men, more faire.and admirable, then the Chaft. Mindes |
of this People. Kaow therefore, that with them ther are na)
Stewes, no diffolute. Houfes, no,Curtifans, nor any thing of that.
kind, Nay they woniler (tvith dete/lation) at you in Europe, which}
permit +

New eA tlantu.

permit Juch things. They fay ye bane put Marriage out of office:
For Marriage is ordained a Remedy for unlawfull Concupi/cence .
And Natural (oncupifcence feemeth as a [burr to Marriage. But
when Men baue at hand 2 Remedy, more agreeable to their core
rupt will, Marriage is almoft expulfed. And therefore ther are
With you feene infinite Men, that marry not, but chufe rather a
libertine and impure fingle Life, then to be yoaked in Marriage ,
And many that dee marry, marry late, when the Prime and
Stength of their Yeares ispaft. And When they doe marry,what
is Marriage to them, but a very Bargaine ; Wherin is fought
Alliance, or Portion, or Reputation, with fome defire (almof? ine
different) of Iffue ; And not the faithfull Nuptiall Vnion of Man
and Wife, that was firft inftituted. Neither % it pofSible, that
thofe that haue caftaway fo bafely, fo much of their Strength,
fhould greatly efteeme Children, (being of the fame Matter,) as
| Chaft Men doe. So Ltkewi/e during Marriage is the Cafe much
| amended, as it ought to bee if thofe things were tolerated onely
| for nece/Sitie ? No, but they remaine till as avery Affront to
Marriage. The Haunting of thofe diffolute places, or refort to
Curtixans, are no more punifhed in Married Men, then in Bats
chellers. And the depraued (uftome of change, and the Delight in

Meretricious Embracements, ( wher finne 1s turned into Art, )-

maketh Marriage a dullthing, and akinde of Impofition, or Taxe.
They heare you defend the/e things, as done to auoyd greater Eyills
As Aduoutries, Deflouring of Virgins , Vanaturallluft , and the
like. But they fay,this is a prepofterous Wifdome . And they call it
Lot's offer , whoto fane his Guefts from abufing, Offered his
Daughters : Nay they fay further, That thers little gained in this;
For that the fame Vices and Appetites , doe fill remayne and as
bound ; Vulawfull Luft being like aFurnace , that if you fropp
the Flames altogether , it will quench ; But if you' gine it
any vent, itWillrage. As for Mafculine Loue , they haue no
touch of it, And yet ther are not, fo faithfull and inuiolate Freind.
Phipps, ithe world againe, as are ther: And to fpeake gene-

rally, (as I faid before,) I bane not read of any _fuch Chaftity,

in any People, as theirs: And their vfuall faying is, That who-

focuer is ynchaft cannot reverence himfelfe : And they [ay ; |
wae That!

ay

Noew Atlante.
Thatthe Reuerence of a Mansfelfe, is, next Religion, the
chiefeft Bridle of all Vices. And when hee had {aid
this, the good Je® pauled alittle; Whereupon, I farr mote

| willing to beare him {peake on, themto {peake my felfe ;yer
thinking it decent, that ypon his paule. of Speech, I fhould

| not bealrogether filent, {aid oncly this, That I would fay-to
him, as the Widow of Sarepta faid to Elias; that he was come
tobring to Memory onr Sinnes ; And that I. confeffe the Righte-
oufneffe of Benlalem, was greater then the Rightcoutnefle of
Evrope. At which f{peech hee bowed his Head, and
| went oninthismanner. They haue alfo many wife andexcels
lent Lawes touching Marriage. They allow no Polygamy.

They hane ordained that none doe intermarry or contrast, untill.a

Moneth bee pa/t from their firft Inter-viewe. Marriage with.

ont confent of Parents they doe not make uoid, but they mul st |

in the Inberitours : For the Children of {uch Marriages, are nat’
admitted toinherit, aboue a third Part of their Parents Inheri-

‘tance. I haue read in a Booke of one of your Men, of a
Faigned Common-wealth , wher the Married Couple are

permitted, before they Contraét, to fee one another Naked. This

they diflixe: For they thinke it 4 Scorne, to ginea Refufall af-
ter fo Familiar Knowledge : But becanfe of many hidden De-
feétsin Men and Womens Bodies, they haue amore cinill Way:

For they haue neare euery Towne, a Couple of Pooles, ( which |

they call Adom and Eues Pooles,) wher itis permitted to one

of the Friexds of the Man, and another of the friends of the

Woman, to fee them fenerally both Naked.

Andas wee were thus in Conference, ther came one
that feemed tobe a Meflenger, in a rich Huke, thatfpake
with the Iew : Whereupon hee turned to mee, and faid,

You will pardon mee, for I am commanded away in haft. The

next Morning he came to me againe, ioyfull as it {eemed,

and faid ; There ss toord come to the Gouernour of the. (itty,
that one of the Fathersof Salomons Houle, will be bere this
day Senen-night : Wee haue feene none of them this Dozen

Yeares. Fits Comming is in State , But the Caufe of bis come

ming is fecret. I will pronide you, and yaur Fellowes, of a good

| Standing

New eA tlantis.

Standing, to fee his Entry. 1 thanked him, and told him, I

was moft glad of the Newes. The Day being comehe made
his Entry. He was a Man of middle Stature, and Age,
comely of Perfon, and had an Afpectas if he pittied Men.
He was cloathed ina Roabe of fine black Cloath , with
wide Sleeues , and a Cape. His vader Garment was
of excellent white Linnen , downe to the Foote , girt
with a Girdle of the fame ; And a Sindon or Tip-
pett’ of the fame about his Neck. He had Gloues,
that were curious , and fett with Stone ; And Shoes of
Peach-coloured Veluet. His Neck was bare to the Shoul-.
ders. His Hate was like a Helmett, or Spanifh Moutera, And
his Locks curled below it decently : They were of Colour
browne. His Beard was cutt round, and of the fameco.
lour with his Haire, fornewhar lighter. He was carried in
arich Chariott, without Wheeles, Litter-wife; With two
Horfes ac either end, richly trapped in blew Veluetc Em-
broydered ; and two Footmen on each fide in the like At:
tire. The Chariott was all of Cedar, gilt, and adorned
with Cryftall , Sauethat the Fore-end had Pannells of Sap-
hires , fet in Borders of Gold, And the Hinder-end the
ike of Emerauds of the Peru Colour. Ther was alfoa Sunn
of Gold Radiant, vpon the Topp, inthe Midft ; And on the
Topp before,a {mall Cherub of Gold, wich Wings difplayed.
The Chariott was couered with Cloath of Gold tiflued vp-
on Blew. Hehad before him fifty Attendants, young Men
all in white Satten loofe Coates to the Mid Legg. And Stoc-
kins of white Silk; And Shoes of blew Veluet; And Hatts of
blew Veluett; with fine Plumes of diuerfe Colours , fett
round like Hat-bands. Next before the Chariott, went two
Men, bare headed , in Linnen Garments downe to the
Foote, girt, and Shoes of blew Veluett,; Who carried, the

hooke: Neither of them of Mettall , but the Crofier of

hehad none, neitherbefore, nor behinde his Chariotc : As

OT I

One’a Crofier , the other a Paftorall Staffe like a Sheep- }

Balme-wood , the Paftorall Staffe of Cedar. Horfe-Men »

it feemeth to auoyd all Tumult and Trouble. Behinde }
ase e his!

29 |

40

New Ailantis.

his Chariote, went all the Officers and Principalls of the
Companies of the Citty.. He fate alone, vpon Cufhions, |
| of a kinde of excellent Pinfh, blew . And vnder.his Footg
curious Carpetts of Silk of diuerle Colours , like the Per,
| fian, but farr finer. He held vp his bare Hand, as he
| went, as blelsing the People, butin Silence. ‘The Street
yas wonderfully well kept ; Sothat ther was neuer any,
| Army had their Men ftand in better Battell-Array , then
the People ftood. The Windowes likewife were not
crouded, bureuery one ftood in them, as if they had been
laced. Whenthe fhew was paft , the Jew faid to me;
L fhall not be able to attend you as I would , in regard of fome
charge the Citty hath lay'd upon me , forthe Entertaining of this
Great Perfon. Three dayes after the Jew came to me
| againe, and{aid, Ye are happy Men; for the Father of Salo:
mons Houle taketh knowledge of your Being here, and comman:
ded me to tell you, that he will admitt all your Company. to bis pres
| fence, and haue prinate Conference with one of you, that ye fhall
| choofe: And for this bath appointed the next day after too More
row. And becaufe he meancth ro.gine you bis Ble/Sing, he hath aps
| pointed it.in the Forensone, Wecame at our Day,; and Houre,
‘and Iwas cholen by my Fellowes forthe priuate Accefle,
We foundhim ina faire Chamber, richly hanged, and car-
petted vnder Foote , without any Degrees tothe State.
He was fett vpona Low Throne richly adorned , anda
| rich Cloath of State ouer his Head , of blew Sattin Em.
_broidered. He was alone , faue that he had two Pages of
Honour , on either Hand one , finely attired in, White.
"His Vnder Garments were the like that we faw him weare
| in the Chariott ; but in ftead of his Gowne , he had on
| hima Mantle with a Cape, of the fame fine Black, faftned
abouthim. When we came ia, as we were taught, we
| bowed Lowe at our firft Entrance; And when.we were
come neare his Chaire, he ftood vp , holding-forth his
Hand vngloued , and in Pofture of Blefsing, And weeues
ry one of ys ftooped downe, and killed the Hemme of his
Tippett, Thatdone, the reft departed , and I remayned. |
| Then!

New eA tlantis.

Then hee warned the Pages forth of the Roome, and
caufed mee to fic downe befide him, and {pake to me thus
inthe Spanih Tongue.

| OD bleffe thee, my Sonne ; Iwill gine
thee the greateft fewell F haue : For F will
impart ‘vnto thee, for the Loue of Gov and
Men, a. ‘Relation of the true State of Salomons
Houfe. Sonne, to make you know the true flate
of Salomons Houfe, / mill keepe this order.
Firft F will fet forth vnto you the End of our
Foundation. Secondly, the Preparations and
Inftruments we bane for our Workes. Thirdly,
the feuerall Employments and Functions wher-
to our Fellowes are afigned. And fourthly, the
Ordinances and Rites which we obferue.

The End of our Foundation is the Know-
ledge of Caules, and Secrett Mations of Things;
Aud the Enlarging of the bounds of Humane Em-
pire, to the Effecting of all Things pofsible.

The Preparations and Inftruments are thefe.
We haue largeand deepe Caues of feucrall Depths:
The deepest are_ /unke 600. Fathome: eA nd fome
of them are digged and made vnder great Hills
and Mountaines: So that if you reckon together
the Depth of the Hill, and the. Depth of th
Caue, they are Cfome of them) aboue threc|

\) yy Naas NE ew Atlantis.
| |

é
i

| Miles decpes: ‘Kor weespinde ,, that the Depth
vs a Fill, and ‘the Depth of aCaue: from the
Plat, is the fame Thing ; Both remote alike
from the Suan and Heauens Beames, and. from \
‘the Open: Aire... Lhefe Caues we call the Lowe |
Ver. Region; And wee ve them for all Coagu-
lations, Indurations, Refrigerauons, and Con. |
'{eruations of Bodies. We ufe them likewife for |
the Imitation of Naturall Mines, And the Pro-
ducing al/oof New Artificiall Mettalls,4y Com-
|pofitions and Materialls which we vfe, and lay
ther for many yeares. Wee vfe them alfo. fome-
| times , which may Jeeme flrange,) for Curing of
| fome Duleales, and for Prolongation of Life, in
fome Hermits that choofe to line ther, well accom-
modated of all things neceffarie, and indeed line
very long ; By whom alfo we learne many things.
We haue Burtalls in fenerall Earths, wher we
put diner[e Cements, asthe Chinefes doe their
Porcellane, . , But we haue them in greater Uari-
etic, and fome of them more fine. We haue alfo
great variety of Compotts, and Soiles , for the
Making of the Earth Fruitfull. ) |
Wehaue High Towers ; The Higheft about
halfe a Mile in Heigth , And fome of them like-
wife fet vpon High Mountaines: So that the Van- |
tage of the Hill with the Tower, #s in the bigh- |
oft of them three Miles at leaft. cAnd thefe
Places wee call the Vpper Region ;. Accoun-
ting the Aire -betweene the High Places, and the
aN Lowe,!

it

|

N ew Atlant.

Towers, according to their feuerall Heights, and
Situations, for Infolauon, Refrigeration, Gon-
feruation ; Aid for the Viewoof diners Meteors;
4s WVindes, Raine, Snow, Haile; And fome
of the Fiery Meteors al/o. And upon them, in
fome Places, are Dwellings, of Hermits , whom
wee vifit fometimes, and inftrutt what to ob-
Jerue. |

We have great Lakes, both Salt, and Freth ;
wherof we haue v/e for the Fith, and Fowle. We
vfe them alfo for Burialls of fone Naturall Bo-
dies: For we finde a Difference in Things buri-
ed inEarth, or in Aire below the Earth ; and things
buried in WV ater. VVe hane alo Pooles,of which
Jome doe firaine Freth Water out of Sale, And
others by Art doe turne Freth Water into Salt.
VV e bane alfo fome Rocks in the Midft of the Sea ;
And fome Bayes ypon the Shore for fome Works,
wherin 13 required the Ayre and Vapour of the
Sea. VVe haue likewife Violent Streames and
Cataracts, which ferue vs for many Motions:
And hkewife Engines for Multiplying and En-
forcing of VVindes, to fet alfo on going diner/e
Motions.

VVebaue alfo a Number of Artificiall V Vels,
and Fountaines, made in Fmitation of the Na-
turall Sources and Baths ; 4; tinéted vpon Vi-
trioll, Sulphur, Steele, Braffe, Lead, Nitre,and
other Muineralls. . Aad againe wee haue little

Lowe, as a Middle Region. VVee v/e thefe

e 3 VVells |

New Atlantis.

VVells for Infufions of many Things, wher the
V Vaters take the Vertue quicker and better, then
in Vellells, or Bafins. And amongft them we hane
a VVater, which wee call VWVater of Paradife,
being, by thatwe doe to it, made very Soueraigne
for Health, and Prolongation of Lite. Qi Ag

Vie haue alfo Great and Spatious Houfes wher
we imitate and demonftrate Meteors ; As Snow,
Haile, Raine, fome Artificiall Raines of Bodies,
and not of V Vater, Thunders, Lightnings; AL
fo Generations of Bodies in Aire ; As Froggs,
Flies, and dinerfe Others.

We haue alfo certaine Chambers, which wee
call Chambers of Health, wher see qualifie the
Aire as we thinke good and proper for the Cure of
diuerfe Difeafes, and Preferuation of Health:

Wee haue alfo faire and large Baths, of fene-
yall Mixtures, for the Cure of Difeafes, and the
Reitoring of Mans Body from Arefaction: And
Others for the Confirming of it in Strength of
Sinnewes, Vitall Parts, and the very luyce -and
Subftance of the Body. ie |

We haue alfo large and various Orchards, and
Gardens ; Vherin we do not fomuch refpett Beauty,
as Variety of Ground and Soyle, proper Jor dinerfe
Trees, and Herbs : And fome very fpatious, wher
Trees, and Berries are fet, wherof we make dinerfe
Kinds of Drinks, befides thes Vine-yards. fn
thefe wee prathife likewise all (onclufions of Grat-
ting, and Inoculating, aswell of V Vilde-Trees,

as

—

New Atlantes. 35

as Fruit-Trees, which produceth many Effetts: And |
we make (hy eArt) in the fame Orchards, and |
Gardens, Trees and Flowers, to come earlier; or
later, then their Seafons ; And to come up| and
beare more fbeedily then by their Naturall Courfe |
they doe. We make them alfo by Art greater much
then their Nature; And their Fruit greater, and
fweeter, and of differing Tait, Smell, Colour,
and Figure, from their Nature. And many of
them we fo Order as they become of Medicinall
Vie.

| Wee haue alfo Meanes to make diuerfePlants,
rife by Mixtures of Earths without Seedes «And
likewife to make dinerfe. New Plants, differing
from the‘Oulgar ; and to make one Treeor Plant
turne into another. : ‘

We haue alfo Parks, andEnclofures of all Sorts,
of Bealts, and Birds; which weev/e not onely for
View or Rareneffe, but likewife for Diflections,
and Trialls ; That therby we may take light, what
may be wrought upon the Body of Man. Wher-
in we finde many flrange Effetts . As Continu-
ing Lifeim them, though diuerfe Parts, which jou |
acount Vitall, be perifhed, and taken forth »Re-
fufsitating of fome that feeme Dead in Appea-
rance ; And thehke. We try alfo-all Poytons,
and other Medicines vpon them, as well of Chy-
rurgery, as Phificke. By Art hikewi/e, we make
them Greater, or Taller, then their Kinde tr And
contrary-wife Dwarte them and flay theiy Grouth: |
put Wee

Re

New Atlantis.

Wee make them more Fruitfull, and Bearing then

their Kind w ; And contrary-wife Barrenand not |
~Generatiue. A//o we make them differ in Colour,
‘Shape, Actiuity, many wayes. We finde Meanes

tomake Commuixtures and Copulations of dinerfe

_Kindes ; which baue procuced many New Kindes,

and them not Barren, as the generall Opinion us.

We make a Number of Kindes, of Serpents,

| Wormes, Flies, Fifhes,of Putrefaction ; Wherof

Jome are aduanced (ineffett ) to be Perfect Crea-
tures, /ike Beaftes, or Birds . And hane Sexes, and
doe Propagate. Neither doe we this by Chance,
but wee know before hand, of what Matter and
Commixture, what Kinde of thofe Creatures
willarife.

Wee haue alfo Particular Pooles, wher we make

- Trialls ypon Fifhes,as we haue faid before of Beatts,

and Birds.

Wee haue alfo Places for Breed and Generati-
on of thofe Kindes of Wormes, and Flies, which
are of Speciall Vie ; Such as are with youyour Silk-
wormes, and Bees.

F will not hold you long with recounting of our
Brew-Howles, Bake-Howles, and Kaitchins,
wher are made diuerfe Drinks, Breads, and Meats,
‘Rare, and of fpeciall Effects. Wines we haue of
Grapes ; And Drinkes of other luyce, of Fruits,
of Graines, and of Rootes ; And of Mixtures
with Honey, Sugar, Manna, and Fruits dryed,
and decocted : Alfo of the Teares or VWVoun-

dings

New Atlant.

dings, of Trees ; And of the Pulp of Canes. dnd
thefe Drinkes are of fenerall Ages, fomes to the
Age or Laft of fourtie yeares. Jie haue Drinks
alfo brewed with feuerall Herbs, and Roots, and
Spices ; Yea with feuerall Flethes, and VV hite-
Meates ; Wherof fome of the Diinkes are fuch,
| asthey are in effect Meat and Drinke ‘both: So
that Dinerfe, efpectally in Age, doe defire to line
with them, with little or no Meate, or Bread. And
aboue all wee flrine to haue Drinks of Extreame
Thin Parts, to infmuate into the Body, and yet
without all Biting,Sharpenelle, or Fretting ; Finfo-
much as fome of them, put vpon the Back of your
Hand, will, mith a little ftay, paffe through tothe
Palme, and yet tafte Milde tothe Mouth. IVce
haue alfo VV aters, which we ripen in that fafhicn,
| as they become Nourifhing ; So that they are in-
| deed excellent Crinke; And Many will vfe no
other. Breadswe haue of fenerall Graines,Rooty,
and Kernells; Yea and fome of Fleth, and
Fith, Dryed; With dinerfe kindes of Leaae-
nings, and Seafonings: So that fome doe ex-
treamely moue Appetites ; Some doe Nourifh [o,
as dinerfe does hive of them, without any other
Meate ; Who line very long. So for Meates,
wee calc of them. fo beaten, and made ten-
der, and mortified; yet without all Corrupting,

asa VVeake Heate of the Stomach will turire

thems into good Chylus . 4s well as a Strong

oO

Heate would Meate atherwife prepared. We bane
f

[ome

ey

| uch Variety of Plants, and Liuing

New Atlanta.

Jome Meatesalfo, and Breads, and Drinks, which
taken by Men, enable them to Fatt long after .
And fome other, that vfed make the very Fleth of
Mens Bodies, /enftbly, more Hard and Tough,
And their Strength farre greater, then otherwife
it would bee. |
Wee haue Difpenfatories, or Shops of Medi-
cines. IVherin you may ea/ely ine haue
reatures,
more then you bane in Europe, ( forwe know what
you haue,) the Simples, Druggs, and Ingredi-
ents of Medicines, mu/ft likewife be in fomuch the
greater Variety. Wee haue them likewife of di-
uerfe Ages, and long Fermentations. And for
their Preparations, wee haue not onely all Manner
of Exquifite Dittillations, and Separations, and
efpectally by Gentle Heates, and Percolations
through diuerfe Swainers, yea and Sublitances ;
But alfo exatt Formes of Compofition, wherby
they incorporate allmoft, as they were Natural]
Sumples. |
Wee haue alfo diuerfe Mechanical Arts, which
you haue not ; And Stuttes made by them; eAs
Papers, Linnen, Silks, Tiffues; dainty V Vorks
of Feathers of wonderfull Lujtre ; excellent Dies,
and many others : And Shops likewi/e , as well
Sor fuch as are not brought into Uulgar vfe ameng/t
vs, as for thofe that are, For you muft know, that
of the Things before recited , many of them are
gromne into ufe throughout the Kingdome ; But
yet,

Neew Atlantts.

yet, if they did flow from cur Ynuention, wee

haue of them alfo for Patternes and Principalls.
Wee haue alfo Fournaces of grest Viuerfi-
ties, and that keepe great Diuertitie of Heates:
Fierce and Quicke ; Strong and Contiant
Softand Milde ; Blowne, Quiet, Dry, AZout,
And the like. But aboue all we haue Heates, in
Fmitation of the Sunnes and Heauenly Bodies
Heates, that pajfe diuerfe Inequalities, and (asit
were) Orbs, Progrefles, and Returnes, wherby
we produce admirable effeits. Befides wee haue
Fleates of Dungs; and of Bellics and Mawes of
Liuing Creatures, and of their Blouds, and Bo-
dies; and of Hayes and Herbs layd vp moift: of
Lime vnguenched; and fuch like. Inttruments
alfo which generate Heate onely by Motion. And
further, Places for Strong Infolations ; And a-
aine Places vader the Earth, which by Nature,
or Art, yeeld Heate. The/e diuerfe Heates wee
vfe, Aithe Nature of the Operation, which wee

intend, requireth. |

Wee haue alfo Perfpectiue-Houles , wher wee
make Demonttrations of all Lights, and Radiati-
ons: And of all Colours: And out of Things
vncoloured aad Tranfparent, wee canreprefent
ato you all feuerall Colours ; DACot in Raine-
Bowes, (as it xin Gemms, aid Prifmes,) but of
themfelues Single. Vee reprefent alfo all Mulu-
plicationsof Light, which wee carry to great D-
ftance, and make fo Sharp, as to difcerne Jinall
| 2 Points

a

—$—$$—

hs

New Atlantis. )
Points and Lines. Alfo all Colowuations of}
Light, Al/Delufions and Deceits of the Sighs, mm |
| Figures, Magnitudes, Motions, Colours: All
| Demonftrations of Shadowes. WW’ee jade alfo |
-dinerfe Meanes yet unknowne to you, of Producing
| of Light, originally , from dinerfe Bodies, Wee |
procure meanes of Seeing Obiects a-farr off; Ari |
the Heauen, and Remote Places: end reprefent |
Things Neare as A-farr off ; And Things A-farr
oftas Neare; Making Faigned Diftances. Wee |
| baue alfo Helps for the Sight, farr aboue Specacles |
and Glafles in vfe. Wee haue alfo Glafles amd |
Meanes, to/eeSmall and Minute Bodies, per- |
feétly and diftinétly ; As the Shapes andColours |
of Small Flies and VV ormes, Graines and Flawes |
in Gemmes which cannot otherwife be fen, Obler- |
uations in Vrine ¢> Bloud not otherwife tobe feem. |
Wee make Artificiall Raine-Bowes , Hale's , amd !
Circles about Light. Wee reprefent alfo all watine
ner of Reflextons, Refractions, and Muluiplicay-
ons of Vifuall Beames of Obiects. —

Wee haue alfo Prettous Stones of all kindes, mea- :
ny of them of great Beauty, and to you yakmomme :
Cryftalls kewife ; And Glafles of dinenfe kindes |
And amongt them fome.of Metals Vitrificated and |
other Materialls, befides thofe of which you make |

|Glaffe. Al/oa Number of Foffiles, and Tonper- |
fect Mineralls, which you baue not. Lakemife|
Loadttones of Prodigious Vertue: And otherrare |
Stones, both Naturall, and Arvificiall.
7 VV ee

|

|

New Atlanty.

Wee haue alfo Sound-Houles, awherwee prath/e
| aad demonftrate allSounds, and their Generation.
Wee haue Harmonies which you bane not, of Quar-
ter-Sounds, and leffér Slides of Sounds, Diuerfe
Inftruments of Mutfick Likewi/e to you unknowne,
fome Lweeter then any you haue; Together with
Bells and Rings that are dainty and _fweet.
Wee reprefent Small Sounds as Great andDeepe ;
| Likemife Great Sounds, Extenuate and Sharpe;

Sounds, which in their Originall are Entire. Hee
reprefent and imitate all Aruculate Sounds and
Letters, and the Voices and Notes of Beatts and
Birds. Wee have certaine Helps, which Jett to the
| Eare doe further the Hearing greatly. Wee haue
| alfo diuerfe Strange and Artificiall Eccho’s, Re-
| lecting the Voice many times, and as it were Tol-
fing it: And fome that gine back the Voice Low-
| der then it came, fomeShriller , and fome Deec-
per; Yea fome rendring the Voice , Diftering in
the Letters or Articulate Sound , from that they
| receyue. Wee haue alfo meanes to conuey Sounds
| a Trunks and Pipes , in ftrange Lines , and
| Diftances.

| Weebaue alfo Perfume-Houles; _ wherwith we
| toyne alfo Pracules of Taft. Vice Multiply
| Smells , which may feeme ftrange. VVee \mitate
| Smells, making all Smells to breath out of other
| Mixtures then thofe that gine them. VVee make

Wee make diuerfe Tremblings and VVarblings of

| diuerfe Imitations of Taft likewife , fo that they |
ak {3 | will | |

42 | al New Atlantis.
| will deceyne any Mans Vatt. And in this Houle
wee containe alfo a Confiture-Houle, wher wee
make. all Sweet-Meats, Dry and Moift; And |
| dinerfe pleafant VVines, Milks, Broaths, and
| Sallets, farr in greater variety, then you hane.
| Wee baue alfo Engine-Houles, wher are pre-
pared Engines and \nttruments for all Sorts o
| Motions. Ther we imitate and practife to make
Swifter Motions, then any you haue, either
out of your Musketts, or any Engine that you
haue : And to Make them., and Multiply
| thems more Ealily, and with Small Force, by
VVheeles , and other Meanes : And to make
them Stronger, and more Violent, then yours are ;
Exceeding your greateft Cannons, and Bafilisks.
Wee veprefent alfo Ordnance and Inftruments
of VVarr, and Engines of all Kindes: And
| Likewife New Mixtures and Compofitions of
Gun-Powder, Wilde-Fires burning in Water,
and Nnquenchable. Alfo Fire-workes of all
Variety, both for Pleafure, and Vie. Wee imi-
tate alfo Flights of Birds ; Wee bane fome De-
grees of Flying in the Ayre. Wee bane Shipps
and Boates for Going vnder Water, and Broo-
king of Seas; Aifo Swimming-Girdles and Sup-
porters. Wee bane diners curious Clocks ; And
other like Motions of Returne : And fome Per-
petuall Motions. Wee imitate alfo Motions of
| Liuing Creatures, by Images, of Men, Beatts,
Birds, Fifhes, and Serpents. Wee haue alfo a
great

New eA tlant.

great Number of other Vartous Mouons, firange
for Equality, Finenefle, and Subtlty.

Wee haue alfo a Mathematicall Houle, wher
are reprefented all \nftruments, as well of Geo-
metry, as Aftronomy, exqui/itely made.

Wee haue alfo Houfes of Deceits of the Sen-
fes ; wher we repre/ent allmanner of Feates of lug-}
ling, Falfe Apparitions, Impoftures, and Illuti-}
ons ; And their Fallaces. eAnd furely you will
eafily beleeue, wee, that haue fo many Things
truely Naturalf) which induce Admuration, could
ina World of Particulars decetue the Senfes, if |
wee would difguife thofe Things, and labour to|
make them feemes more Miraculous. Bus wee
doe hate all {mpottures, and Lies : Infomuch as |
wee haue feuerely forbidden it to all our Fellowes,
under paine of Ignominy and Fines, that they doc |
not fhew any Naturall worke or Thing, Ador-
ned or Swelling ; but onely Pure as it 4, and |
without all Attectauon of Strangeneffe.

Lheje are ( my Sonne) the Riches of Salo-

mons Houfe.

For ihe fererall Employments and Offices |
of our Fellowes . Wee haue Twelue that Sayle |
into Forraine Countries, under the Names of |
other Nations, (for our owne wee conceale . ) |
Who bring vs the Bookes, and Abftrads, and |
Patternes of Experiments of all other Parts. |

T hefe

ema

Nn AIT

4A. ota NOew Atlantis.

| | Thefe v wee call Merchants of Light.

Wee hane Three that Collect ib ve Experiments
which are in allBookes. Thefe wee call Depre- |

| datours.

Wee bane Three that Colle& the Expert
| ments of all eALechanicall Arts ; And alfo of
Liberall Sciences ; And alfo of Practiles which
are not Brought i into Arts, 2 ‘hefe we call My-
| ftery-iMen.

Weehaue Three that try New, Experiments,
| uch as themfelues thinke g Sse Thefe wee call
| Pioners or Ziners.

Wee bane T bree that pews the Experiments

of the Former Foure into Titles, and Lables, to
gine the better light, for the drawing of Obferua-
tions and Axioms’ out of them. Thefe wee call
Compulers.

Wee haneLhree that bend themfelues, fei:
king into the Experiments of their Fellowes,
es caft about how to draw out of them Things
of Vic, and Practife for Mans life, and Know-
ledge, as well for VVorkes, as for Plaine De-
montmion of Caufes, Meanes of Naturall
Diuinations, and the eafte and cleare Dilcouery,
of the Vertues and Parts of Bodies. The/e wee
call Dowry-men or Benefactours.

Then after dinerfe Meetings and Gouden
our whole Number, to confider of the former La- |
bours and Collections, wee haue Three that take
care,out of them,to Direct New Experiments, ofa

Higher

oe

- New Atlanta:

Higher Light, more Penetrating into Nature
then the Former. The/e wee call Lamps.

Wee haue Three others that doe Execute the
Experiments /o Directed, and Report them.
Thee wee call Inoculatours.

Laftly, wee haue Three that raife the former }
Difcoueries by Experiments, into Greater Ob-
feruations, Axiomes, and Aphorifmes. Thefe
wee call Interpreters of Nature.

Wee haue alfo, as you muft thinke, Nouices
and Apprentices, that the Succefton of the for-
mer Employed ~4en doe not faile. Befides, a
great Number of Seruants and Attendants,
Men and VVomen. And this we doe alfo : We
hane Confultations, which of the Inuentions and
Experiences, which wee hane difcouered, hall
be Publifhed, and which not : And take all an
Oath of Secrecy, for the Concealing of thofe
which wee thinke fitt to keepe Secret : Though
Jome of thofe we doe reueale Jometimes to the State,
and fome not. 30) 198

\ For our Ordinances and Rites’: Wee hane
two very Long, and Faire'Galleries : Fn one of
thefe wee place Patterneso and Samples of all
manner of the more Rare and Excellent Inuen: |
tions: Fn the other wee ‘place the Statua’s ofall |
Principall Inuentours.. Phere wee haue theSta- |
tua of your Columbus, that difconered. the_

g Wett

New Atlantis.

Weft-Indies : Alfo the Inuentour of Shipps:
Your Monke that was the Inuentour of Ordnance,
and of Gunpowder : The Inuentour of Mu-
ficke :. The Inuentour of Letters: The Inuen-
tour of Printing: The Inuentour of Obferua-
tions of Aftronomy : Lhe Inuentour of Works
in Mettall : Zhe Inuentour of Glafle: The In-
uentour of Silke of the VVorme : The Inien-
tour of VVine: Lhe Inuentour of Corne znd
Bread : Lhe Inuentour of Sugars: And all
thefe, by more certaine Tradition, then you bane.
Then haue we dinerfe Inuentouts of our Owne,
of Excellent VVorkes ; Which fince you bane
not feene, it were too long.to make Defcriptions of
them ; And befides, tn the right Underftanding
of thofe Defcriptions, you might eafily erre. For
upon every Inuention of Ualew, wee erett a Sta-
tuatothe Inuentour, wad give him a Liberall and
Honourable Reward. \Thefe Statua’s are, fome |
of Brafle ; fome of Marble and Touchttone;
Jome of Cedar and other fpeciall VVoods guilt
and adorned; fome of Iron; fome of Siluer ; /ome
of Gold. |

Wee haue certaine Hymnes and Seruices, which
wee [ay dayly; of Laud and Thanksto Gon, for
his Marneillous VV orks: And Formes of Pray-
ers, imploring bis Aide and Blefsing, for the lL
lumination of our Labours, and the Turning of
them into Good and ‘Holy Vies. 9
—. Laftly, wee hane Circuites or Vitits, of divers
io W : Principal

New Atlantw.

commeth to pajje, we doe publi/h [uch New Profi-

‘table Inuentions, as wee thinke good. And wee
doe alfo declare Naturall Diuinations of Difea-
fes, Plagues, Swarmes of Hurtfull Creatures,
Scarcety, Tempefts, Earthquakes, Great laun-
dations, Cometts, Temperature of the Yeare,
and diuerfe other Things . And wee gine Coun-
fell thereupon, what the People fhall doe, for the
Preuention and Remedy of them.

And whenHee had fayd this, Hee ftood vp : And I,
asI had beene taught, kneeled downe,’ and He layd his
Right Hand vpon my Head, and {aid ; GOD bleffe thee,
my Sonne , And GOD bleffe this Relation, which 1 hane
made. I gine thee leaue to Publifh it, for the Good of other
Nations , For wee here arein GODS Bofome, a Land yn-
knowne. And {o hee left mee , Hauing afsigned a Va-
lew of about two Thouland Duckets, for a Bounty to
mee and my Fellowes. For they giue great Largefles
where they come, vpon all occafions, :

The reft was not Perfected.

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M

Anes S He Prolongation of Life.
= WT he Rettitution of Youth iy ‘fome_

<S Degree.

S297 he Retardation of Age.

SEONG AT be Curing of Dileales counted
Incurable.

The Mitigation of Paine.

eM ore afie and leffe Loathfome Purgings.

The Encreafing of Strength and Acttuity.

Lhe Encreafing of Ability to fuffer Tortare or
Paine. ,

The Altering of Complexions : And Fatneffe,
and Leannefle.

The Altering of Statures.

The Altering of Features.

ae! Encreafing and Exalting of the Intellectual!

arts,

Verfions of Bodies into other Bodies.

Making of New Species.

Tran{planting of one Species into another.

Inftruments of Deftruction, as of VVarre, and

Poyfon. 234 Ex-|.

Pa

aes Te ‘ Esti ration of A Spirits aid ae Fi. in

|} © gpd Dilpofition. er 1

| Foree of the Imagination, ihe rother

| | poe or vpon the Body tt fe elfe. - Soyer ee

Acceleration of Time in Maturation. ‘|

“Accdération of Time in Clarifiéatiops.) AV M |

Acceleration of Putrefaction: ) K G4

Accelerationof, Decogtion.,

Acceleration of Germination. »

Making Rich Compofts fon ‘the Earth =.

[mprefsions of the Arre,and Railing Teipelts,

Great Alteration , As in Indéiztina pee
on, &eéx f

Turning Criide and Wary Sabilancs into
Oyly and Vnctious Subftances.> |: at

Drawing of New Foodes out\ of Subuae not
nowin Vie.

Making New Thredsfor.A npscelle “And New

Stuties: Such as are Paper, Glafle, eo

Naturall Diuinations.

Deceptions of the Senfes.

Greater Pleafures of the Senfes.

Artificiall Mineralls avd Cements.

PYRE See

\8 Off 6d) A

In the New Atlantis Pag. 28. ro 27: for both read bah. Pag. 36.
lin.6.for procnced read produced. <° oui

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