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JOHN JOHNSTON, LL. D.
Died June 3, 11104. President of the Society, January 2, ISltO-Deeeniber 12, 1901.
PROCEEDINGS
State Historical Society of Wisconsin
AT ITS
FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING Held October 2?, 1904
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MADISON
PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
1905
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1,200 COPIES PRINTBD
DEMOCRAT PRINTING CO., MADISON, STATE PRINTER
Contents
OiTiOERS, 1904-05 . . .
committbes ..... Library Service ....
Proceedings of Fifty-second Annual Meeting Executive Committee Meeting
Page 5 6 7 9 15
Appendix
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A. Beport of Executive Committee: |
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Summary ..... |
18 |
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Death of John Johnston . . |
19 |
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Death of Breese J. Stevens . |
., 19 |
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Death of James T. Lewis |
21 |
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Financial condition: |
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State appropriations |
22 |
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Binding fund . . . |
24 |
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Antiquarian fund |
24 |
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Draper fund .... |
24 |
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Mary M. Adams art fund . |
25 |
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Library accessions: |
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Statistical . . . . |
25 |
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Important accessions |
27 |
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Library: |
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Legislative reference library |
28 |
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Quartering the Library Commission |
. 28 |
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The new wing needed |
29 |
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Binding ..... |
29 |
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Publications: |
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Reprint of CoUec'tions |
. 30 |
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Index to Proceedings |
30 |
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Bulletins of Information |
31 |
Contents
A. Report of Executive Committee — continued
OflSce work:
Professional conventions ....
Other Wisconsin libraries
Historical names for school buildings
The landmarks movement Museum:
Colonial kitchen .....
Nicolet's landfall in Wisconsin .
Art exhibits .....
Maintenance of the building .... More funds imperatively needed
B. Report op Finance Committee ....
C. Report of Treasurer (with report of Auditing Committee)
D. Fiscal Report of Secretary ....
E. Report of Green Bay Historical Society
F. Report of Ripon Historical Society .
G. Report of Walworth County Historical Society . H. Givers of Books and Pamphlets
I. Miscellaneous Gifts .....
J. Periodicals and Newspapers Currently Received . K. Wisconsin Necrology, Year Ending Sept. 30, 1904 . L. Historical Papers —
John Johnston: a Memoir, by William Ward Wight Some Pioneering Experiences in Jefferson County, by El
bridge G. Fifield ..... Indian Agriculture in Southern Wisconsin, by Benjamin
Horace Hibbard, Ph. D. . Early Times in the Old Northwest, by Ira B. Brunson Recollections of Antoine Grignon, by Eben D. Pierce
Page
31 33 35 35
37
39 39 40 41 43 44 48 55 58 61 63 86 92
no
118
134
145 156 173
Illustrations
Page Portrait of John Johnston, LL. D. . . . . Frontispiece
Colonial kitchen, south entrance . . . . .18
Colonial kitchen, looking north , . . -36
Colonial kitchen, looking south . . , .90
Officers of the Society, 1904-05
President HON. WILLIAM WAKD WIGHT .
Vice Presidents
HON. JOHN B. CASSODAY HON. EMIL BAENSCH HON. LUCIUS C. COLMAN HON. JOHN LUCHSINGER HON. JAMES SUTHERLAND WILLIAM F. VILAS, LL. D.
MtLWAUKBB
Madison
Manitowoc
La Crosse
Monroe
Janesvillb
Madison
Secretary and Superintendent
REUBEN G. THWAITES, LL. D. .
Madison
Treasurer
HON. LUCIEN S. HANKS
Madison
Librarian and Asst. Superintendent
ISAAC S. BRADLEY, B. S.
Madison
Curators, Ex=Officio HON. ROBERT M. LaFOLLETTE, LL. D. . HON. WALTER L. HOUSER HON. THOMAS M. PURTELL (1904) HON. JOHN J. KEMPF (1905)
Governor
Secretary of Statb
State Trbasurkb
State Treasurer
Curators, Elective
Term expires at annual meeting in 1905
RASMUS B. ANDERSON, LL. D. BURR W. JONES, A. M. HON. EMIL BAENSCH HON. JOHN LUCHSINGER CHARLES N. BROWN, LL. B. MOST REV. S. G. MESSMER HON. GEORGE B. BURROWS J. HOWARD PALMER, Esq. FREDERIC K. CONOVER, LL. B. JOHN B. PARKINSON, A. M. HON. ALFRED A. JACKSON HON. N. B. VAN SLYKE
2 [5]
officers of the Society, 1904-05
Term expires at annual meeting in 1906
HENRY C. CAMPBELL, Esq. ARTHUR L. SANBORN, LL. B.
WILLIAM K. COFFIN, Esq. HON. HALLE STEENSLAND
HON. LUCIEN S. HANKS E. RAY STEVENS, LL. B.
REV. PATRICK B. KNOX HON, JAMES SUTHERLAND
HON. ROBERT L. McCORMICK WILLIAM F. VILAS, LL. D.
GEORGE RAYMER, M. L, HON. WILLIAM W. WIGHT
Term expires at annual meeting in 1907
ROBERT M. BASHFORD, A. M. DANA C. MUNRO, A. M. HON. JOHN B. CASSODAY WILLIAM A. P. MORRIS, A. B.
JAIRUS H. CARPENTER, LL. D. ROBERT G. SIEBBCKER, LL. B. HON. LUCIUS C. COLMAN HERBERT B. TANNER, M. D.
HON. HElVRY E. LEGLER FREDERICK J. TURNER, Ph. D.
HON. B. F. McMillan charles r, van hise, ll. d.
Executive Committee
The thirty-six curators, the secretary, the Hbrarian, the gov- ernor, the secretary of state, and the state treasurer, constitute the executive committee.
Standing committees (of executive committee) Library —Turner (chairman), Raymer, Munro, Campbell, and the Secre- tary (ex-officio). Art Gallery and Museum — Conover (chairman), Knox, Hanks, and the
Secretary (ex-officio). Printing and Publication— liegler {cha.irma.n),T\irner, Munro, Stevens,
and the Secretary (ex-officio). Finance — Van Slyke (chairman), Morris, Burrows, Palmer, and Steens-
land. Advisory Committee (ex-officio) — Turner, Conover, Legler, and Van
Slyke.
Special committees (of the society) Auditing— C. N. Brown (chairman), A. B. Morris, and E. B. Steensland. Biennial Address, 1905— Thwaite^ (chairman). Turner, Munro, Legler,
and Parkinson. Relation'^ with State University— Thwa,ites (chairman). Burrows, Morris,
Raymer, and Brown.
[6]
Library Service
Secretary and Superintendent
Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D.
Librarian and Assistant Superintendent
Isaac Samuel Bradley, B. S.
Assistant Librarian
Minnie Myrtle Oakley
(Chief Cataloguer)
Library Assistants
[In order of seniority of service]
Emma Alethea Hawley —Public Documents Division
Annie Amelia Nunns, A. B. — Superintendent'' s Secretary
Mary Stuart Foster, B. L. —Beading Boom and Stack
IvA Alice Welsh, B. L. — Accession Divisi n
Clarence Scott Hean —Newspaper Division
Eve Parkinson, A. B. —Shelf Division
Louise Phelps Kellogg, Ph. D. —Editorial Assistant
Anna Jacobsen, B. L. —Catalogue Division
Leora Esther Mabbett, B. S. —Periodical Division
Edna Couper Adams, B. L. —Beading Boom and Stack
Daisy Girdham Beecroft —Superintendenfs Clerk
Elizabeth Gopfe Ticknor, A. B. — Maps and MSS. Division
Elizabeth Bennett Mills, B. S. —Periodical Division
Martha Edith Moles, A. B. — Catalogue Division
Student Assistants
[In alphabetical order]
Frances S. C. James, A. B. — Catalogue Division
Park Kelley , —Beading Boom and Stack
Roy Bassett Shoop — Beading Boom and Stack
Library Service
Care Takers
Everett Westbury — Engineer and Head Janitor
Magnus Nelson — Asst. Engineer and Janitor
Ceylon Childs Lincoln —Museum Attendant and Jan.
Bbnnie Butts — Messenger and Office Janitor
Emma Lbdwith —Housekeeper TiLLiE Gunkel, Alma Keuling, Minna Luedtke, Caroline Sather, Edna
Teude — Housemaids
Charles Kehoe —Night Engineer ( Winter)
Donley Davenport —Elevator Attendant
Library Opem — Daily, except Saturdays, Sundays, holidays, University vacations, and summer months: 8 a. m. to 10 P. m.
Saturdays: 8 A. M. to 9 P. M.
Holidays, University vacations, and summer months, as per special announcements .
Museum Open — Daily except Sundays and holidays: 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Holidays, as per special announcements.
[8]
Fifty-Second Annual Meeting^
The fifty-second annual meeting of The State Historical Sot- ciety of Wisconsin was held in the lecture room of the State Historical Library Building, at Madison, upon Thursday even- ing, October 27,^ 1904. Several letters were presented froml absent members.
In the absence of President McCormick, Vice President Wight occupied the chair.
President McCormick's Farewell
The chair read the following letter from the President:
Fellow members of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin: — It is with very great regret that at the last momeiit I find myself unable to attend the forthcoming fifty-second annual meeting of the society, which is called for the 27th inst. Business engagements which I can- not forego, keep me here; but my heart will be in Madison on Thurs- day next. I regret the circumstances of my enforced absence the more, because at the forthcoming meeting my term of office as president will expire. As it is impracticable for me to serve another term, owing to the removal of my residence from Wisconsin to the state of Washing- ton, I had wished personally to thank you for the very great honor which you conferred upon me three years ago, and to bid you one and all good bye.
1 The report of the proceedings here published, is condensed from the official MS. records of the society. — Sec.
2 The regular time for holding the annual meeting was October 20; but owing to the enforced absence of the secretary and others of the staff at the contemporaneously-held conference of the American Library- Association at St. Louis (October 17-22), the president and secretary, acting pursuant to the provisions of section 1 of the by-laws, changed the time of meeting to one week later. — Sec.
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Wisconsin Historical Society
Acting for several years as one of the curators of the society, previ- ous to my election to the presidency, I became much interested in its work, and did what little lay in my power to foster its interests in the northern part of the state. Upon accepting the presidency, I was nat- urally thrown more intimately into connection with the administration of the institution, and now retire with the most unbounded respect and love for the venerable society which has played so important a part in the intellectual development of Wisconsin, ever since its organ- ization, now nearly fifty-six years ago. In my extensive travels through- out our country I have had occasion to notice what a strong hold this Institution has upon the educational forces of the Union; everywhere, between the two oceans, men and women engaged in educational or literary work appear to be well informed concerning our library, our beautiful building, and the character and extent of the work which is done here. This has been, I confess, a source of the greatest satisfac- tion to me.
My relations with the oflBcial staff of the society have been of the pleasantest possible character, and I sever them with very much regret. It has been with keen pleasure that I have watched the careful and thorough manner in which the business of this institution is conducted. The manifold demands made upon a great library at the seat of so large a university as that of Wisconsin, and upon a society with such widespread interests in investigation and publication as ours, are sur- prising to one unfamiliar with them. Tact, diplomacy, breadth of scholarship, and wide personal acquaintance throughout the state and nation are quite as essential in the administrative oflBce of our society as are business ability and executive skill. All of these qualities and attainments I have found actively in practice at our official headquar- ters, and have felt proud of them.
During my term it has been a great pleasure to make a few gifts to our museum, which I hope may prove lasting memorials of my con- nection with the society. In their selection and preparation, I have had the active advice and assistance of our secretary. Dr. Thwaites. As he seems to be pleased with the result, that is reward enough for me; for I am sure if he is satisfied, others will also approve.
In retiring from the presidency, I beg to state that I am by no means surrendering my interest in the State Historical Society of Wis- consin. It has been among the most pleasant of my experiences to serve it in this capacity; it will be among my pleasant duties in the future to do whatever in me lies to further its interests.
Fellow workers in the society: Waiving further formality in this
[ 10 ]
Fifty-second Annual Meeting
my last oflScial message, I wish also to express to you in tenderer mood a personal farewell tinged with a touch of sentiment and a reference to my new home which I trust does not need an apology. In severing the ties that have developed during nearly a quarter of a century's res- idence in Wisconsin I am impressed with the thought that while new business locations do not necessarily change the personnel of business associates, yet new personal acquaintances lack the delicate flavor of old wood, old wine, and old friends.
The State Historical Society of Wisconsin is unique; I can take with me to my new home only the memory of its far-seeing originators, its efllcient working force, its courteous custodians, its capable administra- tive management, its extensive museum, its unequalled original library, and the scholarly atmosphere which pervades the magnificent building provided for its home by an appreciative state. I leave these all be- hind— yet, strange paradox, I take them with me.
I find others have preceded me to the Pacific Coast; many whose pulses beat quicker and whose eyes flash sympathy at mention of their old Wisconsin home. I find them in politics and pulpit, law and litera- ture, mining and manufacturing, toilers in humble vocations, instruc- tors in higher universities, discharging responsibilites in every field of effort; all beckoned to the setting sun by promising hope, allured by ambition, and attracted by the natural resources of this undeveloped empire where rolls the Oregon and whose ocean shores are washed by waves that cross the broad Pacific, laden with the problems of the Orient.
The state of Washington is only fifteen years old. Few of its history makers have yet been called to tread the silent halls of shade. The Lewis and Clark overland exploration which originated in the fertile brain of Thomas Jefferson, will be celebrated next year by a centennial exposition at Portland, Oregon. Forty years later, when Daniel Web- ster, basing his opinion on the systematically-misleading reports of the Hudson's Bay Company, said that the whole Pacific Coast was not worth a load of hay, Thomas H. Benton stood almost alone, as he had for a score of years, the advocate of the rights of the struggling pio- neers who laid the foundations of future empire and saved the Oregon country to the American union.
Fellow members of the society, as I write this word of parting I can close my eyes and see you in your seats before me; I can call by name a score or more present at the annual meeting — men who cherish the Wisconsin Historical Society as the ripe fruitage of their unswerving devotion to a wise field of educational development. You have earned
[11]
Wisconsin Historical Society
your laurels; they crown your silvered heads; they are among the choicest adornments of your successful lives, and afford you the genu- ine satisfaction of work well done. Yet I misjudge your quality if your thoughts are not with me, and temporarily look with longing on my new opportunities to make history and be a factor in establishing the means to preserve the story of this coast — almost Spanish, almost Russian, almost British, yet by peaceful occupation and arbitration now recognized as an integral part of the greatest republic in the world's annals.
The few contributions I have been able to add to the museum and art gallery have returned their value in many ways, and made me the recipient of many flattering attentions. In my new home the name and fame of Wisconsin historians has opened the portals of every society and institution where lovers of history, literature, and science congregate. Wherever it may be my privilege to broaden intellectual thought, I will cheerfully recognize the inspiration developed and sus- tained by personal relationship with the curators and active officers of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin — brainy men of affairs and cultivated scholars, who bearing the laurels of unquestioned suc- cess in so-called practical business life, have yet had ample leisure to cultivate the richer graces of a broad education.
I congratulate my successor as president of this great society, and freely say to him that however capable, he will doubtless, like myself, find his honors easily won and his burdens and responsibilities nomi- nal, while Dr. Thwaites continues the intelligent and able administra- tion of the office of secretary — manager, in fact — of this incomparable educational trust of the state.
Wishing the society the greatest possible success in its splendid work, which is of undoubted national importance in furthering the cause of American history, I am, gentlemen.
Yours very cordially,
R. L. McCOBMICK,
Tacoma, Wash., October 21, 1904. President
Executive Committee's Report
The secretary, on behalf of tlie executive committee, submit- ted its annual report, which was adopted. [See Appendix A.]
Financial Reports
In the absence of Chairman X. B. Van Slyke, of the commit- tee on finance, M!r. W. A. P'. Morris of that committee presented
[12]
Fifty-second Annual Meeting
its report, approving the report of Treasurer Hanks for the year ending June 30, 1904, and read the report of the auditing cotdt mittee (Chairman C. iN". Brown) upon the treasurer's accounts. These reports were adopted. [See Appendixes B and C]
The secretary presented his fiscal report for the year ending June 30, 1904, the same having been audited by the secretary of state and warrants paid by the state treasurer. [See Ap- pendix D.]
Curators Elected
Messrs. George Eayiner, John Luehsinger, Frederic K. Oonr over, J. M. Winterbotham, and Nils Haugen were appointed a committee on the nomination of curators — one to fill a vacancy, and twelve to serve for the ensuing term of three years — and re- ported in favor of the following, who were unanimously elected :
For term ending at annual meeting in 1906
To succeed Hon. John Johnston (deceased), Henry Colin Campbell, Esq., of Milwaukee.
For term ending at annual meeting in 1907
Hon. Robert M. Bashford, Hon. John B. Cassoday, Hon. Jairus H. Carpenter, Hon. Henry E. Legler, Prof. Dana C. Munro, W. A. P. Morris, Esq., Hon. Robert G. Siebecker, Dr. Frederick J. Turner, Dr. Charles R. Van Hise, of Madison; Hon. Lucius C. Coleman, of La Crosse; B. F. McMillan, Esq., of McMillan; Herbert B. Tanner, M. D., of Kaukauna.
Reports of Auxiliaries
Reports were presented by the secretary from the society's auxiliaries, the local historical societies of Green Bay, Ripon, and Walworth County. [See Appendixes E^ F, and G.]
Historical Papers
Vice President Wight read a biographical sketch of the late Hon. John Johnston, long the president of the society. [See Appendix L.J
. [ 13 ]
Wisconsin Historical Society
The following historical papers were read .by title :
Some Pioneering Etxperiences in Jefferson Conntj, by El- bridge G. Fifield, of Janesville.
Indian AgTiculture in Southern Wisconsin, by Prof. Ben- jamin Horace Hibbard, of Iowa state college.
Early Times in 'the Old Northwest, by Ira B. Brunson, of Prairie du Chien.
Recollections of Antoine Grignon, by Bben D. Pierce, of Trempealeau. ^
The meeting thereupon stood adjourned.
r 14 1
Executive Committee Meeting
Executive Committee Meeting
TIhe annual meeting of the executive committee was held at the close of the society's meeting, October 27, 1904. Vice President Wight took the chair.
Election of Officers
Messrs. W. A. P. Morris, F. J. Turner, Halle Steensland, H. C Campbell, and D. O. Munro were appointed a committee on the nomination of officers for the ensuing triennial term. Thej reported in favor of the following, who were unanimously elected :
President — Hon. William W. Wight, Milwaukee.
Vice Presidents — Hon. John B. Cassoday, Madison; Hon. Lucius C. Colman, La Crosse; Hon. Emil Baensch, Manitowoc; Hon. John Luch- singer, Monroe; Hon. James Sutherland, Janesville; Hon. William F. Vilas, Madison.
Treasurer — Lucien S. Hanks, Madison.
Election of New Members
The following new members were unanimously elected :
Life
Madison — A. B. Morris, A. A. Pardee, Paul S. Reinsch. Manitowoc — H. George Schuette.
Milwaukee — August S. Lindemann, B. K. Miller, Frederick C. Thwaits.
Annual
Antigo — ^Myron E. Keats.
Ashland — J. F. Hooper.
Grand Rapids — H. S. Youker.
Janesville — F. L. demons, Samuel G. Huey.
[15]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Kenosha — Norman L. Baker, Francis H. Lyman. Kilbourn — Chester W, Smith.
Madison — Victor D. Cronk, J. H. Hutchison, Vroman Mason. Marinette — Charles E. Cullen. Menasha — William Dekelver.
Milwaukee — Edwin S. Mack, John M. W. Pratt, Warren D. Tarrant, A. Woodard. Neenah — E. M. Beeman, Robert Shiells. Oconomowoc — William Kittle. Oshkosh—R. H. Halsey, A. B. O'Neil. Plymouth — Otto Gaffron. Bipon — S. M. Pedrick. Sheboygan — Winfred C. Howe. Superior — B. B. Jackson, I. C. McNeill. Wausau — Claire B. Bird. Winneconne — Henry P. Severson. Polo, Illinois — J. W. Clinton.
Corresponding
Chicago — Eugene Fairfield McPike.
Halifax, N. S.—Tfr. J. W. Longley, Dr. A. H. McKay, F. Blake Crof- ton, Esq. Los Angeles, Calif. — ^Herbert C. Andrews. Northampton, Mass. — Prof. W. F. Ganong. Ottawa, Canada — Dr. Arthur G. Doughty. St. John, N. B. — Rev. W. C. Gaynor. Tlie meeting thereupon stood adjourned.
[16]
Appendix
A . Report of Executive Committee
B. Repoet of FiifANCE Committee C Report of Treasurer
D. Fiscal Report of Secretary
E. Report of Green Bay Historical Society (auxiliary)
F. Report of Ripon Historical Society (auxiliary)
G. Report of Walworth County Historical Society
(auxiliary) H. Givers of Books and Pamphlets I. Miscellaneous Gifts
J. Periodicals and Newspapers Currently Received K. Wisconsin Necrology^ year ending September 30,
1904 L. Historical Papers
John Johnston : a Memoir, by William Ward Wight
Some Pioneering Experiences in Jefferson Coimty, by Elbridge G. Fifield
Indian Agriculture in Southern Wisconsin, by Ben- jamin Horace Hibbard, Ph. D.
Early Times in the Old Northwest, by Ira B. Brun- son
Recollections of Antoine Grignon, by Eben D. Pierce
[IT]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Executive Committee's Report
[Submitted to the society at the fifty-second annual meetings October 27, 1904]
Summary
T!he year has been one of steady progress, but without inci- dent of especial note — save in tbe great loss sustained by the death of two eminent friends of the society, ex-Presideoit John Johnston and Curator B. J. Stevens. The society's various private funds are in a healthful condition. The Draper fund will probably reach $10,000 within the year, the mini- mum limit decided upon, before the income can be made avail- able. The library has been enriched by about the customary number of titles; the quality of the accessions being, haw- ever, somewhat above the average. Volumes i and ii o£ Wisconsin Historical Collections have been, reprinted withini the year, under the provisions of chapter 96, laws of 1903, and iii and iv will probably soon follow. An Index ik) Pro- ceedings, covering the years 1874-1901, has recently been pub- lished, and there has also been issued a bulletin upon the li- brary's collection of English history sources. The historical land- marks movement has made considerable progress within the state. The museumi has been enriched with the installation, of a colonial kitchen, patterned after a seventeenth-centuTy house in Ipswich, Mass. ; and another important historical can- vas, painted for the society by Edwin; Willard Doming, has been presented by President McCormick. The increased cost of maintaining the building, chiefly caused by repairs and
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Executive Committee's Report
the growing charge of equipment, together with expenses incident to the growth of and deniiands upon the institution^ necessitate an increase in the state appropriation.
Death of John Johnston
At half after twelve on the morning of June 1, 1904, there passed from our midst the Hon. John Johnston', of ISTilwaukee, who for twelve years (January 2, ISOO-December 12, 1901) served this society as its president, and thereafter until his death as on© of its curators. Vice President Wight will, at the present meeting, by our invitation, present a memoir upon the life and character of Dr. Johnston, which will express the high estimation in which he is held in the councils of this institution. Ini the half century of the society's existence, no memiber of this committee has more deeply than Dr. John- ston intrenched himself in the affections of his fellow curators and of the working staff of the library. His presence at our annual meetings was an inspiration, his advice and assist- ance throughout the year were of great value, and at all times the cause of the society found in his name and character a tower of strength. We gTeatly miss the presence of our old friend and adviser.
Death of Breese J. Stevens
In the death of the Hon. Breese J. Stevens, which occurred at Madison on the morning of October 28, 1903, the society also suffered the loss of one who had long served as a curator, and whose high character and wise counsel for many years profoundly affected the policy and conduct of this institution as well as of our neighbor the state university.
Mr. Stevens was bom at S<Jonondoa, Oneida County, New York, on the twenty-second of March, 1834, the second son! of Augustus 0. and Elizabeth Breese Stevens. His earlier years were spent in Buffalo, but later tbe family removeid to Flint, Michigan, his father being one of the founders of
[ 19 ]
Wisconsin Historical Society
that town. The death of the fatter having occurred in 1845, the family returned to Sconondoa, whence Breese was sent successively to Oneida, Whiteboro, and Cazenovia academies, at the latter being prepared for Hamilton College, from whichi he graduated in 1853. After studying law at Syracuse, he moved to Madison in 1857 to attend to the landed interests here of the estate of his uncle, Sidney Breese, who had recently deceased. First married to Emma Curtis Fuller, who died a year later, he was in 1876 united to Mary Elizabeth Farmer, who survives him, together with a daughter by each marriage.
From the first Mr. Stevens took prominent position among ihe lawyers of Wisconsin, and became one of Madison's most eminent citizens. 'Never aspiring to public office, he had thrust upon him several positions of honor and trust. In 1869 he was chosen a curator of this society, and served ad such until his death, actively participating in the work of some of its most important committees, and allowing nothing but absence from the city to interfere with his presence at its meetings. In 1884 his fellow citizens chose him as mayor of Madison, the only elective office which he ever held ; for twenty- eight years he was a vestryman and a liberal patron of Grace (Episcopal) church; from its organization he was a director of the First ^Rational Bank ; was a member of several literary, social, and political reform clubs; and during the last twelve years of his life served with great efficiency and distinction as a regent of the state university, most of the time in the highly responsible position of chairman of the executive com- mittee of the board.
Himself a man of broad, general culture, in educational matters he never ignored the necessities of the scientific or ''practical^' courses; but in the exercise of his great influence in moulding university ideals, he stood stoutly for the cultiva- tion of the humanities, and Would permit no weakening in the opportunities for securing at Wisconsin a conservative classical education of the highest type. His death was in many directions a distinct loss to the university.
[ 20 ]
Executive Committee's Report
On© who, like Mr. Stevens, stood in liis commimity for the higher things of life, whose character was irreproachable, who was loved as a friend, and was one of the most charming of hosts, and who unostentatiously and with marked eflSciencj served his fellow men in high public positions which brought no other compensation than the satisfaction of serving, can ill be spared from our midst. To say that Kve miss him, is but to confess that language is in such a case inadequate to expresa our sense of loss.
Death of James T. Lewis
Ex-Govemor James T. Lewis, who served as a vice president of this society from January 2, 1863, to December 8, 1898, passed from this life at Colimibus on the fourth of August last. Bom in Clarendon, Orleans C5ounty, 'N. Y., in 1819, he was educated in local academies, and after teaching a country school — the customary preparation in his day for a professional life — became a lawyer. First' visiting Wisconsin in 1840, in the capacity of tourist, he settled here five years later and opened a law oflfice in Columbus, where he resided until his death. To him is "credited the naming of Columbia County, of ^vhich he was elected the first probate judge; later he was appointed district attorney, and represented his county in the second state constitutional convention (1847- 48). In 1852 he was in the state assembly, the year follow- ing in the senate, and the succeeding year (was elected lieu- tenant governor; in 1862 he became secretary of state, and in IN'ovember, 1863, was elected governor by the largest major- ity then kno^ATi in the state. In this last capacity he was highly efficient and won a national reputation; but, pursuant to his declaration when taking the office, he declined renom- ination, and was tendered by the republican state convention a vote of regTet, added to cordial praise for his "fidelity, zeal, economy and untiring watchfulness in protecting the interests of the state . . . [and] cordial approbation of his administra- tion of the executive office." During his career Mr. Lewis was 3 [21]
Wisconsin Historical Society
frequently tendered other positions of high public trust — among the offices suggested to him being a foreign ministry at the hands of President Lincoln; but he declined all such over- tures, and spent the remaining years of his life at Columbus — for a long period in the quiet^ dignified pursuit of his law practise, and later in extensive travel and well-earned' leisure. He was a man of much public spirit, especially in forwarding the interests of his neighborhood, and the centre of a large group of warm and admiring friends. Early becoming asso^- ciated with this society, he was at all times its cordial supporter and one of its most' honored members.
Financial Condition State Appropriations
The society's accountii based upon state appropriations are now regularly auditcid by the secretary of state, and claims thereon, certified to by the secretary and superintendent, are paid by the state treasurer, in the same manner as with other state departments.
The state now directly appropriates to tlie society $20,000 annually— $15,000 under chapter 296, laws of 1899, for the miscellaneous expenses of the society ; and $5,000 under chapter 155, laws of 1901, exclusively for books, maps, manuscripts, etc., for the library. The condition of these two funds upon the thirtieth of June, 1904, was as follows :
Chapter 296, Laws of 1899
Receipts
Unexpended balance in state treasury, July 1, 1903 . . $8,855 03 State appropriation for six months ending June 30, 1904i 7,500 00
Total 116,355 03
1 Previous to Jan. 1, 1904, appropriations were apportioned by the secretary of state for the calendar year, and the above balance on July 1, 1903, included the amount allowed for the second half of 1903; but appropriations are now apportioned for the fiscal year only, ending June 30.
' [ 22 ]
Executive Committee's Report
Disbursements, Year Ending June 30, 1904 Administration of the Society
Services .... Supplies and equipment . Freight and drayage Travel ....
$8,928 70
65 81
236 30
278 02
9,508 83
Administration of the Building
Services . Supplies . Light and power Telephones Equipment Repairs
$4,043 64 588 46 697 65 92 15 241 74 758 '44
Unexpended balance in state treasury, July 1, 1904 .
6,422 08
$15,930 91 424 12
$16,355 03
|
Chafi'eb 155, Laws of 1901 |
|
|
Receipts |
|
|
Unexpended balance, July 1, 1903 |
$4,837 83 |
|
State appropriation for six months ending June 30, 1904 |
2,500 00 |
|
Total |
$7,337 83 |
|
Disbursements ! |
|
|
Books and periodicals ..... $6,172 58 |
|
|
Maps and MSS. 62 00 |
|
|
Pictures 26 00 |
|
|
6,260 58 1,077 25 |
|
|
Unexpended balance in state treasury, July 1, 1904 |
|
|
$7,337 83 |
[23]
Wisconsin Historical Society
T!he fiscal report of the secretary and superintendent gives the details of the foregoing expenditures, which have in due course been audited and allowed by the secretary of state.
It will be seen that the necessary annual expenditure for mis- cellaneous purposes (under chapter 296) is now about $1,000 greater than the appropriation of $15,000. Instead of curtail- ing our expenses, we need greatly to increase them, as will be discussed later. A larger appropriation, of at least $5,000 per annum, is essential to the proper maintenance of our work.
The Binding Fund
consisting upon the first of last July of $27,802.60 in cash and securities, is the product of special gifts, onen-half of the mem- bership dues and receipts from' the sale of duplicates, and the interest on loans. Owing to the demands upon this fund, for helping out the income of the society, there was no increase within the year.
The Antiquarian Fund
is the product of interest on loans, onerhalf of the membership dues and receipts from the sale of duplicates, and special gifts. The treasurer's report for July first shows that it then consisted of $6,126.68, a net gain during the year of $552.48. The in- come of this fund will in due time, when it becomes larger (say $10,000), be expended in "prosecuting historical investi- gations, and procuring desirable objects of historic or ethnologi- cal interest" for the museum.
The Draper Fund
now amounts to $9,214.90, an increase during the year of $689.58, obtained largely from the sales of duplicates from Dr. Draper's private library. It is hoped that this source may yet yield enough more to make the fund about $10,000. Upon reaching that figure, its income should thenceforth be available for the purposes set forth in the by-laws establishing the same — ^'indexing the Draper collection of manuscripts, and purchasing
[24]
Executive Committee's Report
or otherwise securing for the society's library, additional manu- scripts and printed material touching upon the history of the settlement of the Middle West"
The Mary M. Adar.is Art Fund
now amounts to $4,614.51, an increase "within the year of $317.15. The interest accruina: from the fund is to be ex- pended by the society for the purchase of art books for the library or objects of art for the museum, as may from time to time be tbought desirable. iN'o portion of the income has been expended mthin the year, the few museum purchases of this character having been carried by the state appropriation ; the finance committee have, however, authorized the expenditure of a small portion of the income during the coming year.
Library Accessions Statistical
Following is a summary of library accessions during the year ending September 30, 1904:
Books purchased (including exchanges) . . . 2,286 Books by gift . 2,920
Total books 5,206
Pamphlets by gift 5,656
Pamphlets on exchange and by purchase . . . 1,077 Pamphlets made from newspaper clippings ... 51
Total pamphlets 6,784
Total accessions of titles 11,990
Present (estimated) strength of the library:
Books 131,773
Pamphlets 128,257
Total 260,030
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Wisconsin Historical Society
The year's book accessions are classified as follows :
Cyclopaedias 19
Newspapers and periodicals ;...... 659
Philosophy and religion ........ 241
Biography and genealogy ....... 278
History — ^general ......... 115
History — foreign ......... 394
History — American ........ 193
History— local (U. S.) 258
Geography and travel 399
Political and social science 158
Legislation 2,026
Natural science ......... 51
Useful arts 80
British Patent Office Reports 138
Fine arts .......... 45
Language and literature ........ 54
Bibliography 97
|
1903 |
190J^ |
|
10,584 |
11,990 |
|
60 |
72 |
Total 5,206
Tihe following are comparative statistics of gifts and pur- chases :
Total accessions of titles ....
Percentage of gifts, in accessions .
Percentage of purchases (including exchanges), in
accessions . . . Total gifts (including duplicates, which are not ac
accessioned- ......
Books given . . . . . . .
Pamphlets given ......
Percentage of gifts that were duplicates . Percentage of gifts that were accessions .
40 28
|
9,752 |
13,602 |
|
3,632 |
5,554 |
|
6,120 |
8,048 |
|
33 |
37 |
|
67 |
63 |
Following are the accessions for the past ten years: 1895, 6,975; 1896, 9,002; 1897, 8,663; 1898, 6,960; 1899, 7,727; 1900, 8,983; 1901, 11,340; 1902, 10,510; 1903, 10,584; 1904, 11,990.
[26] ■
Executive Committee's Report
Important Accessions
Some of the most important books received during the year,
were:
Archaeologia Cambrensis. London, series 4, 5, 1870-1900. 17v.
Ayrshire and Galloway Archaeological Publications. Edinburgh, 1878- 90. 18v.
Great Britain — House of Commons: Accounts and Papers, 1873-1901, 109v; Public Bills, 1884-87, 19v; Reports of Committees, 1884-87, 12v; Reports from Commissioners, 1884-87, 62v.
Hampshire Record Society, Publications. London, 1889-99. 13v.
Henry Bradshaw Society, Publications. London, 1891-1903. 24v.
Howard and Crisp. Visitation of England and Wales. N. p., 1893-1901. 9v.
JefEerys, Thomas. Voyages from Asia to America. London, 1761.
Juan de la Concepcion. Historia General de Philipinas. Manila, 1788- 92. 14v.
LeMascrier, J. B. Memoires h.istorique sur la Louisiane. Paris, 1853. 2v.
Manx Society, Publications. Douglas, 1868-82. 18v.
Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica. London, 1896-1904. 8v.
New Spaulding Club, Publications. Aberdeen, 1887-98. 21v.
Ontario — Sessional Papers." Toronto, 1888-1902. 144v.
Scotland— Exchequer Rolls. Edinburgh, 1883-99, 15v; Register of the Privy Council. Edinburgh, 1877-1901. 17v.
Scottish History Society, Publications. Edinburgh, 1887-1903. 42v.
Society of Antiquaries of London, Publications. London, 1876-1901. 18v.
Sussex Archaeological Collections. Lewis, 1894-1903. 8v.
Taylor, G. Voyages to North America. Nottingham, 1768-69.
Worcestershire Historical Society, Publications. Oxford, 1893-1900. 12v.
Die weldkarten Waldseemullers, 1507 and 1516. Portfolio containing: (1) Descriptive text entitled, "Oldest map with the name of Amer- ica of the year 1507 and the Carte Marina of the year 1516 by M. Waldseemiiller;" (2) Facsimiles of the two foregoing maps. Lon- don, 1903.
Weimar-Spanish map, 1527; Ribero, 1529; and Verrazano, 1529. Being Nos. 9, 112, and 12, respectively, in the series of photographic re- productions of maps illustrating early discovery and exploitation in America, 1502-1530, issued under the direction of Edward Lu- ther Stevenson. Brunswick, N. J., 1903.
[27]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Several files of periodicals and newspapers have been added during the same period, the following being the most important : Interocean (Chicago), 1873-94. 31v. Leader (New York), 1857-1861. 4v. Republican Star (Easton, Md.), 1802-32. 7v.
The Library Legislative Reference Librarj'
The fire which upon the twenty-seventh of February last de- stroyed a large part of the interior of the capitol completely demolished the property of the Wisconsin free library commis- sion, including the legislative reference library, which is con.- ducted by the commission in co-operation mth this institution. Fortunately very fe^V books belonging to our library chanced at the time to be at the capitol branch ; although some of our volumes which were destroyed, were documentary material of considerable rarity and value. Since the fire, the director of the legislative reference library, Dr. Charles McCarthy, has with much energ}' accumulated a new collection, miany of the duplicates in our own and the state university's library being contributed to this end. There was considerable difiiculty in obtaining quarters for this collection in the repaired capitol, but it is now fairly well housed and will be in good condition by the opening of the legislature.
Quartering tfie Library Commission
Immediately after the fire, the superintendent invited the state free library commission to quarters within our library building. Through the courtesy of the librarian of the state university, Mr. Walter M. Smith, two of the rooms assigned to the use of that library upon the first floor were surrendered to the use of the eomimission, while we provided them with space in the basement for storage and shipping. In the reshifting of departments rendered essential by this arrangement, the memr bers of our library staif generously tendered their rest and luncheon room to the use of the mjathematios seminary. The
[ 28 ]
Executive Committee's Report
summer school of the library conunission was also aceommo- rlatecl throughout June and July in a suite of our rooms upon the third floor. As our building was already crowded at all points, this arrangement has not been without some embarrass- ment on our part^ — but the need was urgent, and we were glad to be of service in this emergency to the officers of the commis- sion, who Avith rare energy and enterprise have( at last quite re- covered from their losses and are probably in a stronger condi- tion than before the fire. During the past few days, a room having been opened in the capitol for the use of iJie business department of the commission, the secretary and most of the clerical force have removed thither, leaving only the department of instruction in our building, where it is possible that it may remain until a new oapitol can be constructed.
The New Wing Needed
"We can but repeat, and with still more urgency, our state- ment of a year ago, that the limitations of the new building have early been realized. It will be remembered that the northwest Aving was an integral part of the original plans, and that its abandonment because of lack of sufficient funds, was at the time a matter of keen disappointment. Hope had originally been entertained that the legislature of 1908 would provide for its construction; but the pressure for special appropriations to other state institutions appeared to render it undesirable to make application to that body. It is most sincerely to be hoped that nothing may stand in the patb of an appeal to the next ses- sion. Were the northwest wing constructed, it is probable that the relief thus obtained M-ould last for another ten years, at the close of which period we should doubtless have to take under serious advisement the project of constructing the transverse wing abutting on Park street, for which the commission wisely provided when placing our building upon the present site.
Binding
There have been boimd within the year 1,508 volumes of books and periodicals, and 463 volumes of newspapers — a total
[29]
Wisconsin Historical Society
of 1,971. The preparation of all these articles for the bindery has in itself l)een a work of considerable proportions.
Publications Reprint of Collections
Under the provisions of chapter 96, laws of 1903, there have been reprinted during the year volunies i and ii of Wisconsin Historical Collections; volume iii.and iv are now in press, and will probably appesar during the coming winter, unless crowded out in the state printing office by a ©tress of legislative work. The reprint volumes have been bound in a handsome blue cloth, quite similar in appearance to the publications of the American Historical Association ; and future volumes, both of reprint and new issues, will be similarly bound — a distinct improvement over the dull black of earlier years.
Volume xvii is now in press, nearly two-thirds of the matter having thus far appeared in galley form. This will wholly be occupied with documentary material for the study of the French regime. Volume xvi contained documents between 1634 and 1727 ; in xvii will be presented documents iranging froml 1727 until about 1749, leaving the few remaining papers of the period to constitute the opening feature of volume xviii. These docu- ments now being published throw so much new light upon the French regime in the region of the Upper Lakes — for, not re- stricting our range to Wisconsin, we include all matters bearing on the fortunes of the dependencies of Detroit and Mackinac — that its history will need to be entirely re-written, ^ot until now have we appreciated the full significance of the protracted Fox War, which played so important a part in the disint^ra- tion and ultimate downfall of I^ew France.
j-H
Index to Proceedings
The long-delayed Index to Proceedings has but recently is- sued from the press. It is a book of 399 pages, with page-wide lines, and furnishes a close analysis of every name and fact in all of the society's Proceedings, from the year when they were
[ 30 ]
Executive Committee's Report
first separately published (1874) up to and including 1901. It is proposed to publish a supplementary index similarly de- tailed, every five years.
Bulletins of Information
Two bulletins Have been published during the year — !N"o. 20, "Periodicals and N^ewspapers Currently Received at the Li- brary;" and I^o. 21, "A Descriptive List of the Works on Eng^ lish History in the Library of the Society." The last named was prepared for us by Dr. Asa. Currier Tilton, of the depart- ment of history in the state university. In this widely-circu- lated and favorably-received bulletin, Dr. Tilton pointed out that although of course small in comparison with, our collection of American history, the library's English history collection, heretofore relatively unknown, "numbers about 15,000 volumes, a figure exceeded by few' libraries in the United States" — ^ while in quality "its rank is even higher than the number of volumes would indicate."
Bulletins upon other special features of the library — for in- stance, the large manuscript and genealogical collections — will follow during the coming year. There is a great demand for these bulletins on the part of scholars and libraries throughout the country, and 'the result is evident in a constant widening of our circle of users.
Office Work
Professional Conventions
Keeping in constant touch with our contemporaries in the fields of historical research and library activity is one of the best means of securing to our institution the application of progres- sive ideals and methods. Actuated by this conviction, the seo- retarv^ has sought to be present at and take part in the most iiri>- portant historical and library conventions of the year ; and when not able to attend in person, to assign this duty to others of his staff.
[31]
Wisconsin Historical Society
At the meeting' of tlie American Historical Association, held at JS'ew Orleans during Christmas week of 190B, this society was represented by the secretary. The next meeting of the association, which is doing a work of great importance in the cause of historical research throughout the United States, will he held during the Christmas holidays at 'Chicago. It is a miat- ter for congratulation that one of the members of our library staff, the secretary's editorial assistant, Louise Phelps Kellogg, Ph. D., was at this meeting awarded the Winsor prize, given by the association for the best historical monograph of the year, by a writer who had not already won recognition. Misis Kel- logg's essay Avas entitled "The American Colonial Charter."
The fourteenth annual meeting of the Wisconsin Library Association, at which the librarian represented (the society, waa held at Milwaukee, Februaiy 22 sjid 23. The principal topics discussed were co-operation l>etween libraries and schools, and library extension.
The secretary was present at the meeting in Chicago, last March, of the ISTorth Central History Teachers' Association. This organization is chiefly concerned with the betterment of methods in historical instruction^ in colleges and secondary schools, but at many pointsi in its work comes into intimate relar tions with libraries such as ours.
The tercentenary celebration of the discovery of Annapolis Basin by De Monts, Champlain, and Poutrincourt occurred at Annapolis Royal, N. S., June 21 and 22, under the auspices of the !N'ova Scotia Historical Society. Eepresentatives were pres- ent from, the governments, navies, and leading historical soci- eties of Great Britain, France, Canada, and the United States. Similar celebrations followed on the twenty-third and twenty- fourth at St. John, conducted by the New Brunswick His- torical Society ; and on the twenty-fifth at Calais, Me., and on St. Croix Island, under the joint management of tihe llTew Brunswick and Maine societies. The secretary of our society was present at these several celebrations, which were conducted with great ceremony, and were eminently successful in point
[32]
Executive Committee's Report
of well-considered preparations, dignity and pictiiresqueness of procedure, and popular interest The secretary also repre- sented on these occasions the American Historical Association, and at Annapolis formally tendered the congratulations of that body to the Nova Scotia society.
Another meeting of imiportance in our work was a conference of historical societies in the Mississippi valley and the region of the Louisiana Purchase, called by the Missouri Historical Society to mieet in St, Louis on the sixteenth of September. A general discussion was had of the possibilities of oo-operation between the societies, especially in the matter of publication of historical materials, and it appears likely that an organization will be perfected, a conmiittee having been appointed to that end.
The annual conference of the American Library Association was held at St, Louis, October 17-22, It was attended by the usual large number of library workers, coming from nearly every state in the Union, and from Canada, while several emi- nent librarians were also presenit from Europe, Asia, Mexico, and South America, for the meeting assumed the character of an international gathering. The secretary, librarian, assistant librarian, and several of our library assistants were in attend- ance.
In connection with the general conference were held import- ant meetings of the National Association of State Libraries, which our assistant librarian has for two years past served as secretary.
There was also organized at St. Louis during the week the Bibliographical Society of America, which has before it a brilliant future ; in the inauguration of this movement our society was represented by Curator Legler and the secretary.
Other Wisconsin Libraries
The fact that the secretary and superintendent of the society is ex-officio a member of the Wisconsin free library commission,
[33]
Wisconsin Historical Society
renders some notice of the work of the commission in library propaganda appropriate in this connection:.
Gifts accepted from Andrew Carnegie by public libraries in Wisconsin since the last report are : Darlington, $10,000 ; Hayward, $10,000; Rice Lake, $10,000; Richland Center, $10,000 : Viroqua, $10,000 ; and Waupun, $10,000. The offer to Monroe of $12,500 was withdrawn in consideration of the subsequent gift of the same amount, made by Messrs. N. E. and W. Ludlow, of Monroe. The acceptance of Mr. Canine's offer of $10,000 tO' New London was submitted to the vote of the people at the last spring election, with the result that the proposed gift w'as rejected. The offers to Ripon and Wausau reported last year as refused, ha.ve also beeni referred to the peo- ple, but the adverse decisions were reversed. Columbus has re- jected an offer of $10,000, and Mineral Point is still consider- ing one of the same amount. Mr. Carnegie has also made the following additional gifts: Green Bay, $5,000, making a total of $25,000; Hudson, $2,000, making a total of $12,000; Rhinelander, $2,500, making a total of $15,000 ; and Stevens Point, $1,858, which together with local gifts increases the building fund to $22,000.
At Kilbourn and Tomah the city councils have purchased properties which have been remodeled and adapted to library purposes. During the year buildings have been comptleted and occupied in. Berlin, Chippewa Falls, E'au Claire, Fond 'du Lao, Hudson, Manitowoc, Marinette, !Neenah, Racine, Rihinelander, Sheboygan, Stevens Point, Waukesha, and Whitewater. Free public libraries have been organized at Mount Horeb, Peshtigo, and Pewaukee, and free association libraries at Hartford, La Valle, and Platteville. The subscription library at Footville has been reorganized and made a free association library. Libraries have been reorganized at Bayfield, Berlin, Durand, Fort Atkinson, Hayward, Hillsboro, Kilbourn, Reedsburg, and Waupun. ^
iFor the information contained in the two foregoing paragraphs, we are indebted to Secretary Henry E. Legler, of the Wisconsin free li- brary commission.
[34]
Executive Committee's Report
Historical Names for School Buildings
Members of the society will be pleased to learn that tlie Madison city board of education has, in the recent renaming of its public schools, honored tbe first two secretaries of our institution, both of whom performed distinguished services in the early educational development 'of the commonwealth — Dt. Increase A. Lapham, who served under our original organiza- tion from January 30, 1849 to January 18, 1854, and in memoiy of whom the Seventh Ward School has now been entitled Lapham School; and Dr. Lyman C, Draper, whose term of service extended from^ January 18, 1854 until Janu- ary 6, 1887, and for whom the name of the school inl the Fifth Ward (that in which our present building is located) has been changed to Draper School. Concurrent with this action, the Fourth Ward building was rechristened Doty School and the Sixth Ward building Marquette School. The names of dis- tinguished statesmen and literary men were bestowed upon the other schools of the city. It is hoped that this policy of hon- oring distinguished Wisconsin explorere, pioneers, and Imen of learning by naming for them the public school buildings, may be recognized as a happy precedent for other communities in the state.
The Landmarks Movement
During the past year, a movement of much interest to the local history of the state has been inaugurated by the Wis- consin State Federation of Women's Clubs. This organiza- tion^ meeting in annual ieonvention during the present week at Marinette, has among its committees one devoted to urging upon local clubs the preservation and proper tableting of his- torical landmarks in the several communities; the committee will make report, upon its work during lie year, and probably outline some plan of action.
Throughout this agitation, the secretary of our society has been in frequent correspondence with the ladies concerned!, offering such advice and aid as seemed appropriate. Were
[35]
Wisconsin Historical Society
it not for our present meeting, he would have accepted the invitation to address the convention at Marinette upon this subject; unable to do so, Mr. Legler, one of our curators, has kindly consented to represent the society in behalf of the movement.
If we hark back to the cominfic of Jean Nicolet in 1635, Wisconsin is an old state. During the century and a half of the French Regime, it was prominent as the seat of perhaps the most available trade route between, the drainage systems of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi — the Fox-Wisconsin waterAvay. Through Wisconsin came necessarily a large share of the exploration and trade of the French, in their exploita- tion of the continental interior; it was, in a measure, the key- stone of the arch of French occupiation, between. Canada and Louisiana. Relics of the French regime are to be found in the region of Green Bay, on the banks of the Fox and Wiscon- sin, the ishores of Lakes Michigan and Superior, and along the Mississippi, the Sit. Croix, and the Bois Brule. The Ameri- can Fur Company left traces of tJieir occupation at various points upon our waterways. The lead region of the south- west has a picturesque histO'ry. But, naturally, the majority of the Wisconsin towns of today can boast of no earlier his- torical memories than the establishment of waterpowers, or the coming of agricultural settlers fromi New England, "New York, or Europe; but there are not altogether lacking scenes and events Avorthy of attention- fromi landmarks committees.
Such of the Indian mounds of the state as are still intact^ should be preserved, and where possible made the centre of piiblio parks; the sites of old Indian villages and planting grounds, in the neighborhood of white settlements, should be preserved, where practicable ; the positions of fur-trading posts, the first house built in each city or village, and other memor- able sites around which historic memories cling, should be marked by tablets; new streets as well as school-houses, bridges, and parks may appropriately be named after old settlers or other historical characters of the region; and school children
[36]
Executive Committee's Report
and others may be encouraged in annually making historical pilgrimages to interesting objects selected as landmarks, with such popular lectures and exercises as shall be of educative value. By a variety of some such methods, the landmarks move- ment may, propei^ly guided, be made of much value in increasr mg popular interest in local history.
The Museum Colonial Kitchen
Im February last, there was completed within our museum a room fitted up, externally and internally, as a colonial kitchen. It has since its inauguration been a feature adding greatly to the attractiveness of our collection.
We had long possessed numerous articles which have come down from colonial times — such as warming pans, foot-stoves, pewter plates, kettles, etc. But somewhat over a year ago we obtained from Miss Ellen A. Stone of East Lexington, Mass., nearly two hundred articles w^hich had been used chiefly as kitchen furnishings in the homestead of Stephen Bobbins of Lexington, a great-grandfather of Miss Stone. This home- stead was built in 1720.
Desiring to display these colonial relics in their proper set- ting, we arranged for the construction within the long east hall of the museum, of a veritable colonial kitchen. After a visit of inspection early in jSTovember last to several ancient houses in the neighborhood of Boston, w^hich are now main- tained as museums, the superintendent decided to take as a model the kitchen of the Wliipple homestead in the quaint and beautiful old town of Ipswich, this carefully-restored building being now the property of the Ipswich Historical Society. Ideas were also obtained at other old houses, particularly the famous Hancock-Clark House at Lexington, and the much- visited Antiquarian House at Concord; and numerous photo- graphs were obtained of all of these. 4 [37]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Tte attempt to pcroduce in our museum the general effect of the Ipswich kitchen has been eminently successful. Prof. Joseph Jastrow, then president of the Madison Art Associa- tion, early became interested in the project, and from beginr ning to end devoted to it much time and thought. To him is due a large share of the credit attaching to the artistic result. The old oak beams of the original, now blackened with age (for the Whipple house was built in 1650) have been carefully reproduced; the spacious fireplace, constructed of blackened brick obtained from Indiana, looks as though it had seen centuries of service; and the walls and shelves are hung with just such articles of the olden time as would have daily been needed in a kitdien of our forefathers in colonial days. Interesting, also, are the two fagades, front and rear — the former being fitted with a two-seated porch ; while opening through the latter is the sort of battened door used in ancient days, and fastened by a wooden latch with the latch-string hanqring without.
It would be a long catalogue, to list the two hundred articles and more, which are on display. There is practically every- thing there, that a colonial housewife could have known in her kitchen, from a cradle for the baby to an ear trumpet for the gTandfather — pots and kettles depending from the crane and hanger in the fireplace ; gridirons, frying ipans, Dutch bake- ovens, foot-stoves, bed warmers, fiat (or "sad") irons, brooms, hearth Fhovels, tongs, balances, nutmeg graters, skimmers, spits, noggins, lanterns, candle moulds and sticks, pottery, pewter, wall baskets, wool carders, spinning wheel, reel, sam- ples of cloths, shoes, woodenware, etc. In this large and varied collection is also included a dozen, or more farm tools — forks, shovels, fiail, etc. The colonial kitchen is an object lesson in history, which is well worth seeing. It is bound to be, for a long time to come, the most attractive popular feat- ure in our rapidly-developing museum..
The kitchen has proved so successful that we have under contemplation the establishment within our rooms of a typical
. [38]
Executive Committee's Report
Wisconsin log cabin of pioneer days, for the fitting of which! enough articles of interest have already been collected.
Nicolet's Landfall in Wisconsin
With continued generosity, President McCormick has again made arrangements for the presentation to the society's mu- seuin of a large oil painting from the studio of Edwin Willard Deming of 'New York. The caavas of a year ago, depicting Charles Langlade, the Wisconsin fur-trader and partisan leader, heading the Indian attack at Braddock's Defeat (July 9, 1755), has attracted wide attention as a spirited and im^- pressive study. His present subject is the landing of Jean !Ricolet, the exploring agent of Governor Champlain of New France, upon Wisconsin soil in 1634. Mr. Deming had hoped to complete the picture in time for formal presentation to the society at the present meeting; but he has unavoidably been delayed in his study of the subject, and furthermore desires first to hang the canvas at the forthcoming exhibition of the !N^ational Academy of Design:. The artist expresses his opinioni that it is the most successful picture he Ihas yet painted, which encourages us to hope that it will at least be as interesting as the Braddock's Defeat. Mr. McCormick^s great interest in the society, during the three years of his presidency, has visibly borne fruit in several important addi- tions to the museum.
Art Exhibits
The hospitalities of the building were again tendered to the Madison Art Association, which during the winter of 1903- 04 gave within the museum a highly creditable free exhibi- tion, accompanied by lectures. Another series will be pre- sented during the forthcoming winter. It is probable that upon the completion of the projected new city library build- ing in Madison, the association will remove its activities thereto.
The interest awakened by these exhibitions has led to liie a<;quisition by the society of several additions to its growing
[39]
Wisconsin Historical Society
coUectiom of Anindel prints. Other color prints and engrav- ings of high artistic value will from time to time be added, afi our means warrant.
Maintenance of the Building
The state having entrusted to us the care of a costly and beautiful building, it has been our aim throughout four years of occupancy to keep it constantly in a condition of perfect cleanliness and repair. We believe that we have succeeded in aecomplishing this desired result, and for as small an expen- diture as the quality of the service will permit. The cost of repairs has much increased during the past year, and the pro- bability is that this will continue to be a serious and growing drain upon our resources.
The care of the masonry has proved the largest source of expense. Excessive dampness has given us much trouble, in niany directions. The inner walls of the basement kave been re-cemented almost throug'hout ; the floors of the outer win- dow areas have been bricked and cemented anew, ini or'der that rainwater pouring into them may be carried away from' the walls rather than towards the building; considerable por- tions of the basement floor have been re-cememted ; the tile work in the east loggia of the second floor has been relaid, in better cement; the task of repairing' the mosaic pavements, a constant charge in all large public buildings of this char- acter, has entailed a considerable expenditure; while the work of repairing the pointing on the outer walls of the building and on the terrace rails and steps, requires semi-annual atten- tion, owing to the excessive frosts of this climate.
In order to allow the heavy stone w^alls to become thoroughly dry, the board of building commissioners postponed the work of applying color to the plaster work, and for this purpose reserved a sum amounting to about $10,000. That the finish of the woodwork might accord with the color scheme ultL- mlately to be adopted for the plaster, the commissioners de- ferred the application of the two final coats of paint, with
[40]
Executive Committee's Report
the resiilt that the paint in the building has always been of insufficient thickness. For various reasons the board has de^ ferred the work of decoration, with the result that the paint upon the woodwork is nearly everywhere in need of ifeplen- ishing, to say nothing of the dinginess of the white plaster at all points w'here it can be reached by hand. It has already become neeesv^ary to re-paint many of the window-sashes and doors, the cost of which has been a charge upon the current funds of the society. The building commissioners will doubt- less conclude to color the plaster and finish tbe painting of the woodwork during the summer' of 1905.
More Funds Imperatively Needed
During the year ending June 30, 1904, the administration of the building (heat, light, power, care-takers, repairs, cleaur ing supplies, and necessary equipment) cost $14,130.24. Of this sum the society paid out $6,748.24 in cash; while the cost of heat, light, and power furnished by the state univer- sity was $7,382. Under the agreement between the two in- stitutions, each to meet one-half of this cost, the society paid to the university the balance, $316.88. The increasing cost of maintenance is a heavy drain upon the resources of the society, and greatly cramps its efficiency in other directions. From the state iapptropriation of ($15^000 for miisoeUaiieoua purposes, but $8,000 is lleft for library salaries, travellinig expenses, freight and drayage, and library supplies and equip- ment, a sum quite insufficient for our needs. The steady growth of the library necessitates a corresponding increase in staff, as well as a gradual improvement in the salaries of those who enter our service as novices but are now trained to a condition of efficiency. The salaries of the best of our library assistants are much below those given in similar institutions elsewhere. Our practice in this regard has always been ex- tremely conservative, and our staff is composed of persona thoroughly loyal to the service; we must be prepared, howi- ever, to pay somewhat higher compensation than we have
[41]
Wisconsin Historical Society
heretofore awarded our people, if we would retain our best w'orkers at a time when there is a sti'ong and growing demand for trained librarians. Moreover, the growth and spread of the society's activities entail other expenditures which should be met if the institution is to maintain its relative efficiency. A slight increase of appropriation from: the state — say $5,000 per annum — would probably tide us over our difficulties for a few years to come.
On behalf of the executive committee,
Reuben G. Thwaites, Secretary and Superintendent.
[42]
Finance Committee's Report
Report of Finance Committee
To the Executive Committee, State Historical Society of Wisconsin: Your committee on finance has respectfully to make its annual report for the current year ending June 30th last, and submit the same, together with the treasurer's accountr ing and report which liave been examined, the vouchers com,- pared, and found correct. The several funds at the date named are as follows, in
Mortgage loans on real estate . $47,300 00
The lots in St. Paul stand unchanged ($580.54 and $1,184.86
respectively) 1,765 40
Cash on hand with the treasurer ..... 1,691 08
Binding fund income overdrawn ..... 86 94
|
Total |
$50,843 42 |
|
Which has been appropriated as follows : |
|
|
To the binding fund .... $27,802,60 |
|
|
To the antiqiiarian fund .... 6,126 68 |
|
|
To- the Draper fund 9.214 90 |
|
|
To the Mary M. Adams art fund . . 4,614 51 |
|
|
Balance in the general fund . . . 3,084 73 |
|
|
$50,843 42 |
Respectfully submitted in, connection with the treasurer's detailed report in corroboration hereof.
X. B. Va^- St.yke Halle Steensland
W. A. P. Morris
Madisox. October 27, 1904.
[43]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Treasurer' s Report
Report of the treasurer for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904:
Binding Fund Income Account
The Treasurer, Dr.
1903.
Aug. 20. To gift to Binding Fund, E. G. Paul,
Milwaukee $5 00
1904.
June 30. To 14 annual dues (for year)
To y2 life membership fees
To y2 sale of duplicates .
To interest apportioned
To balance overdrawn
|
. $163 00 |
|
|
60 00 |
|
|
46 65 |
|
|
. 1,406 40 |
|
|
86 94 |
|
|
11,767 99 |
|
|
?177 61 |
|
|
40 38 |
The Treasurer, Cr.
1903.
July 1. By balance overdrawn
1904.
May 8. By taxes, St. Paul property
June 30. R. G. Thwaites, salary as superintend- ent 1,000 00
I. S. Bradley, salary as assistant su- perintendent .... 400 00 L. S. Hanks, salary as treasurer . 150 00
|
July 1. By balance overdrawn |
11,767 99 86 94 |
|
Binding Fund |
|
|
The Treasurer, Dr. |
|
|
1903. |
|
|
July 1. To balance ..... |
. 127,802 60 |
[44]
Treasurer's Report
Antiquarian Fund
|
The Treasurer, Dr. |
|||||
|
1903. |
|||||
|
July 1. |
To balance .... |
. $5,574 20 |
|||
|
1904. |
|||||
|
June 30. |
To 14 annual dues (year) To % life membership fees To Ys sale of duplicates . To interest apportioned |
163 00 60 00 46 68 282 80 |
|||
|
$6, |
,126 |
68 |
|||
|
1904. |
|||||
|
July 1. |
To balance .... |
$6, |
126 |
68 |
|
|
The Treasurer, Cr. |
|||||
|
1904. |
|||||
|
June 30. |
By balance .... |
?6, |
126 |
68 |
Draper Fund
|
The Treasurer, Dr. |
||||
|
1903. |
||||
|
July 1. |
To balance .... |
. 18,525 32 |
||
|
1904. |
||||
|
June 30. |
To sale of duplicates (for year) To interest apportioned . |
260 33 429 25 |
?9, |
,214 90 |
|
1904. |
||||
|
July 1. |
To balance .... |
?9, |
,214 90 |
|
|
The Treasurer, Cr. |
||||
|
1904. |
||||
|
June 30. |
By balance |
19. |
,214 90 |
Mary M. Adams Art Fund
The Treasurer, Dr. 1903.
July 1. To balance $4,297 36
Dec. 3. To C. A. Barnes, sale of two family
portraits 100 00
1904.
June 30. To interest apportioned . . , 217 15
. [45]
$4,614 51
Wisconsin Historical Society
1904.
July 1. To balance $4,614 51
The Treasurer, Cr.
1904.
June 30. By balance $4,614 51
General Fund
The Treasurer, Dr. 1903.
July 1. To balance $3,640 13
1904.
July 1. To balance , . $3,084 73
The Treasurer, Cr. 1903.
Aug. 25. By R. G. Thwaltes, official disburse- ments ......
Oct. 6. By J. C. A. Wingate, newspapers, Ely rebate . . . . .
By C. C. Saffell, newspapers, Ely re- bate ......
Oct. 10. By R. G. Thwaites, official disburse- ments ......
Nov. 25. By H. C. Schulrud, Philippine relics By R. G. Thwaites, official disburse- ments ......
Dec. 28. By R. G. Thwaites, official disburse- ments . . . .
1904.
Jan. 16. By John Borhmt, repairs to building By Deborah Martin, museum articles By R. G. Thwaites, official disburse- ments 19 17
Mch. 7. By R. G. Thwaites, official disburse- , ments ......
Mch. 18. By R. T. Ely, newspapers, Ely rebate Mch. 29. By R. G. Thwaites, official disburse- ments ......
By balance .....
[46] .
|
$55 |
31 |
|
21 |
00 |
|
36 |
00 |
|
23 |
30 |
|
25 |
00 |
|
20 |
74 |
|
14 |
43 |
|
53 |
80 |
|
9 |
50 |
|
17 02 |
|
|
250 00 |
|
|
10 13 |
|
|
3,084 73 |
|
|
$3,640 1? |
Treasurer's Report
|
Inventory 1904. |
||
|
July 1. |
||
|
Mortgages |
147.300 00 |
|
|
Real estate owned: |
||
|
Lot 1, blk. 2, Bryant's Randolph St. add., St. Paul |
580 54 |
|
|
Lots 6 and 7, blk. 35, Summit Park add., St. Paul . |
1,184 86 |
|
|
Binding Fund income, overdrawn |
. |
86 94 |
|
Cash in bank ....... |
1.691 08 |
|
|
Belonging as follows: |
150.843 42 |
|
|
To binding fund .... $27,802 |
60 |
|
|
To antiquarian fund .... 6,126 |
68 |
|
|
To general fund .... 3,084 |
73 |
|
|
To Draper fund . . . . 9,214 |
90 |
|
|
To Mary M. Adams art fund . . 4.614 |
51 |
$50,843 42 |
Eespectfully submitted,
L. S. Hanks, Treasurer.
The undersigned auditing committee certify that we have examined the books and vouchers of the treasurer of the society so far as the same relates to the disbursements from the gen- eral fund and the binding fund, and find that all the vouchers are properly certified by the secretary and that the books show that the sums have been properly entered, and that the aggregate of the disbursements from: the funds are correctly entered in the within report.
Charles !N^. Bkown E. B. Steexslaistd
A. B. MoKRis October 21, 1904.
We, the undersigned, members of the fiuiance committee,
hereby certify that we have examined the within report of the
treasurer, compared the securities and found the same correct.
l!sr. B. Van Sltke
Halle Steensland Dated October 22, 1904.
. [47]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Secretary's Fiscal Report
To the Executive Commjittee, State Historical Society of Wis- consin:— The state now appiropriates to the society directly, $20,000 annually— $15,000 under sec. 3, chap. 296, laws of 1899, and $5,000 under sec. 1, chap. 155, laws of 1901. IHa- burseonients fromi these appropriations are made upon warrant of the undersigned, audited by the secretary of state, and paid by the state treasurer. According to the books of the secretary of state, verified by our own, the society's account with the state stood as follows upon July 1, 1904:^
Chapter 296, Laws of 1899
1903.
July 1. Unexpended balance of appropriation . . |8,855 03 Appropriation for six months ending June 30, 19041 7,500 00
$16,355 03
Disbursements during year ending June 30,
1904, as per appended list .... $15,93091
1904. .
July 1. Unexpended balance in state treasury . . $424 12
Chapter 155, Laws of 1901
1903.
July 1. Unexpended balance of appropriation . . $4,837 83
Appropriation for six months ending June 30,
1904^ 2,500 00
$7,337 83
iSee pp. 22, 23, ante, for classification of expenditures. 2 See p. 22, note 1.
[48] .
Secretary's Fiscal Report
Disbursements during year ending June 30,
1904, as per appended list . . . . 6,260 58
1904.
July 1. Unexpended balance in state treasury . . ?1,077 25
Orders d^a^v^^ against state treasui^r, in accordance with sec. 3,, chap. 296, laws of 1899:
Edna C. Adams, reading room assistant
Josephine Alsheimer, extra house cleaning .
Julius Andrae & Sons Co., Milwaukee, electrical supplies
Florence E. Baker, reading room attendant .
Amelia Bauer, washing towels .....
Daisy G. Beecroft, superintendent's clerk . John Borhmt, Madison, masonry repairs I. S. Bradley, librarian and assistant superintendent, travel ling expenses ........
F. B. Breitwisch, Milwaukee, painting signs
Bunde & Upmeyer, Milwaukee, engraved silver plate .
Bennie Butts, messenger ......
C. & N. W. R. R. Co., Madison, freight charges C, M. & St. P. R. R. Co., Madison, freight charges City of Madison, water rate .....
Arthur J. Clark, student assistant ....
Conklin & Sons, Madison, ice and cement
Continental Brush Co., Sullivan, Ind., supplies .
C. F. Cooley, Madison, brick, etc. ....
Katharine Cramer, student assistant
Allic Daggett, Madison, drayage . . . .
Dane County Telephone Co., Madison, telephone service Donley Davenport, elevator attendant ....
Dennison Manufacturing Co., Chicago, stationery supplies
F. R. Eastman, Madison, repairing elevator
Electrical Supply Co., Madison, supplies
Alice Fay, Madison, extra house cleaning .
E. S. Ferris, Madison, drayage .....
J. H. Findorff, Madison, lumber and repairs
Mary S. Foster, reading room attendant
W. J. Gamm, Madison, repairing and care of electric clocks
Henry C. Gerling, Madison, drayage ....
[49]
|
. $465 |
00 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
9 |
00 |
|
60 |
00 |
|
45 |
56 |
|
650 |
00 |
|
454 |
64 |
|
58 |
87 |
|
3 |
35 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
558 |
00 |
|
41 |
61 |
|
147 |
92 |
|
60 |
24 |
|
3 |
60 |
|
135 |
50 |
|
6 |
00 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
350 |
50 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
80 |
15 |
|
380 |
30 |
|
3 |
50 |
|
6 |
00 |
|
4 |
62 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
21 |
25 |
|
137 |
73 |
|
720 |
00 |
|
s 41 |
50 |
|
1 |
50 |
Wisconsin Historical Society
Gibson Soap Co., Omaha, Nebr., supplies Gimbel Brothers, Milwaukee, rubber carpeting . Mattie Goodwin, housemaid ....
Philip Gross Hardware Co., Milwaukee, supplies . William E. Grove, student assistant
Tillie Gunkel, housemaid
Mary E. Haines, indexing .....
Huldah B. Hainke, student assistant D. O. Hallstrom, Lexington, Mass., crating furniture for N. E kitchen, etc. .......
P. F. Harloff, Madison, electrical supplies and repairs Emma A. Hawley, document room attendant Clarence S. Hean, newspaper room attendant Mary Hintzen, housemaid .....
Illinois Central R. R. Co., freight charges . Anna Jacobsen, cataloguer .....
Frances S. C. James, cataloguer . . . ,
Marjorie D. Johnson, student assistant
Johnson Service Co., Milwaukee, electrical supplies
Charles Kehoe, night watchman (winter)
Park Kelley, student assistant ....
Louise P. Kellogg, editorial assistant .
Alma Keuling, housemaid .....
William Keyes, Madison, sand, etc.
King & Walker, Madison, chains for terrace
Emma Ledwith, housekeeper ....
Library Bureau, Chicago, furniture equipment
Ceylon C. Lincoln, museum attendant
Locke Manufacturing Co., Kensett, Iowa, adding machine
Minna Luedtke, housemaid ....
Leora E. Mabbett, periodical room assistant A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, stationery supplies W. T. McConnell & Son, Madison, cleaners' supplies Lena Memhard, extra house cleaning . Elizabeth B. Mills, periodical room attendant Magnus Nelson, assistant engineer New York Store, Madison, cleaners' supplies Richard C. Norton, Madison, clock repairs . Northern Tissue Paper Mills, Milwaukee, supplies Annie A. Nunns, secretary to superintendent Oakey & Morgan, Madison, mason work and supplies Minnie M. Oakley, assistant librarian, travelling expenses
[50]
|
24 |
0© |
|
48 |
34 |
|
6 |
48 |
|
38 |
20 |
|
258 |
47 |
|
340 |
10 |
|
100 |
00 |
|
13 |
05 |
|
18 |
oa |
|
158 |
53 |
|
720 |
00 |
|
480 |
00 |
|
185 |
50 |
|
6 |
02 |
|
415 |
36 |
|
403 |
35 |
|
26 |
85 |
|
8 |
10 |
|
239 |
76 |
|
25 |
00 |
|
28 |
00 |
|
92 |
00 |
|
17 |
00 |
|
33 |
68 |
|
437 |
21 |
|
32 |
50 |
|
599 |
04 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
138 |
00 |
|
480 |
00 |
|
6 |
35 |
|
73 |
92 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
383 |
10 |
|
600 |
00 |
|
6 |
17 |
|
1 |
75 |
|
53 |
90 |
|
825 |
00 |
|
60 |
83 |
|
46 |
64 |
Secretary's Fiscal Report
Otis Elevator Co., Chicago, supplies ....
William Owens, Madison, plumbing repairs
Oxley Enos Co., New York City, lamp globes, etc.
Eve Parkinson, general assistant, services .
Pollard-Taber Co., Madison, painters' supplies and services
Ricketson & Schwartz, Milwaukee, brick for N. E. kitchen
SafEord Stamp Works, Chicago, rubber stamps
Caroline Sather, housemaid .....
Augusta Schupple, extra house cleaning
Mae Scofield, housemaid ......
Clara Springman, housemaid .....
William Springman, elevator attendant
Standard Oil Co., Madison, supplies ....
Stephenson & Studemann, Madison, tinsmithing and hard
ware supplies ........
Sumner & Morris, Madison, hardware supplies
Helen Teisburg, housemaid ......
Edna Teude, housemaid ......
Anna Thompson, housemaid .....
R. G. Thwaites, sec. and supt., official disbursements for labor
supplies, etc. (small accounts), and travelling expenses Elizabeth G. Ticknor, manuscript room attendant University of Wisconsin, Regents, balance on joint account
for maintenance of building ..... Montgomery Ward & Co., Chicago, hardware supplies
Iva Welsh, classifier
Everett Westbury, engineer .....
Everett Westbury, Jr., elevator attendant . Wisconsin Telephone Co., Madison, telephone service .
|
4 90 |
|
|
41 |
84 |
|
19 |
40 |
|
507 |
25 |
|
35 |
05 |
|
L 9 |
50 |
|
13 |
86 |
|
196 |
56 |
|
5 |
00 |
|
172 |
84 |
|
20 |
30 |
|
20 |
00 |
|
51 |
50 |
|
25 |
13 |
|
3 |
08 |
|
6 |
00 |
|
294 |
44 |
|
9 00 |
|
|
290 |
55 |
|
357 |
13 |
|
697 |
65 |
|
4 |
50 |
|
500 |
00 |
|
718 |
89 |
|
3 |
00 |
|
12 |
00 |
$15,930 91
Orders drawn against state treasurer, in accordance with sec 1, chap. 155, laws of 1901 :
William Abbatt, New York City, books . .
W. F. Adams, Springfield, Mass., books
American Economic Association, publications
American Library Association, publications
American Library Association, Publishing Board, Boston, cat
alogue cards and publications ....
American Historical Association, publications H. F. Andrews, Exira, Iowa, books ....
[51]
|
?6 75 |
|
3 33 |
|
3 00 |
|
4 00 |
|
11 92 |
|
3 00 |
|
9 00 |
Wisconsin Historical Society
C. W. Bardeen, Syracuse, N. Y., books
J. H. Beers, Chicago, books ....
Boston Book Co., Boston, books
Selwyn A. Brant, Madison, books
H. W. Bryant, Portland, Maine, books
George Brumder Book Dept., Milwaukee, binding
W. W. Calkins, Chicago, books ....
William J. Campbell, Philadelphia, books .
Century History Company, New York City, books
The A. H. Clark Co., Cleveland, Ohio, books
A. S. Clark, New York City, books
Club for Colonial Reprints, Providence, R. I., publications
S. D. Cone, Hamilton, Ohio, books
William W. Cone, Brandsville, Mo., books
E. R. Curtiss, Madison, photographs for museum
Dodd, Mead & Co., New York City, drafting book plate
E. P. Dutton & Co., New York City, books . Barnett A. Elzas, Charleston, S. C, books . Charles Evans, Chicago, books Peter Fagg, Madison, books .... Federal Book Company, Boston, Mass., books Lewis Foss, Merrill, Wis., books The Fourth Estate, New York City, publications Regina Freundfelter, Madison, books . Garrett Book Shoppe, Hartford, Conn., books Granite Monthly Co., Concord, N. H., books Francis P. Harper, New. York City, books Blanchard Harper, Madison, photographs Charles Henry Hart, Philadelphia, books
F. B. Hartranft, Hartford, Conn., books J. L. Hazen, Chicago, books History Commission, Concord, N. H., books George B. Howard, Hartford, Conn., books The Hub Magazine Co., Boston, books Hunter & Van Valkenburgh, Rockford, 111., map Huston's Book Store, Rockland, Me., books Herbert F. John, New York City, books Kimball Brothers, Albany, N. Y., books Publius V. Lawson, Menasha, Wis., books C. LeBrun, Quebec, books Ralph LeFevre, New Paltz, N. Y., books C. F. Libbie & Co., Boston, books
5 00 22 50 24 50 32 20
4 00
5 00
4 00
10 00 35 00
249 53
8 50 3 00
5 00
6 00 5 00
7 50 16 00
3 00 15 00
7 50 21 00
5 00
4 50
11 25 11 40 13 25
9 65 52 45
3 00 n 50 35 00
5 00 5 00
2 80
3 00 5 00
8 00 10 50
3 50 8 61 5 00 7 50
[52]
Secretary's Fiscal Report
Crawford Lindsay, Quebec, translation of documents
George E. Littlefield, Boston, books
A, Longley, St. Louis, books
MacCalla & Co., Philadelphia, books
A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, books .
Spencer P. Mead, New York City, books
Frederick H. Meserve, New York City, books
Military History Society of Massachusetts, Boston, books
H. L. Moore, Lawrence, Kansas, books
W. H, Moore, Brockport, N. Y., periodicals
Noah F. Morrison, Elizabeth, N. J., books
Munsell Publishing Co., Chicago, books
Joel Munsell's Sons, Albany, N. Y., books
Martinus Nijhoff, New York City, books
T. K. Oglesby, Columbia, Georgia, books
Pandex of the Press, New York City, books
Mrs. Edward McClure Peters, New York City, books
Preston & Rounds, Providence, R. I., books
The Prince Society, Boston, publications
Publishing Society of Connecticut, Boston, books
Raymer's Old Book Store, Denver, Colo., books
Raoul Renault. Quebec, books
Research Publication Co., Boston, books
George H. Rigby, Philadelphia, books
C. C. Saffell, Baltimore, books
John E. Scopes, Albany, N. Y., books .
L D. Seabrook, Charleston, S. C, books
Roger A. Simonson Co., Chicago, books
Mrs. M. L. C. Smith, Hartford, Conn., books
H. Sotheran & Co., London, books
Southern Historical Society, Richmond, Va., publications
Southern History Assoc, Washington, D. C, publications
James Stacey, Newman, Georgia, books
Statute Law Book Co., Washington, D. C, books
S. P. Stebbins, Edgerton, Wis., books
G. E. Stechert, New York City, books
Henry Stevens, Son & Stiles, London, books
E. L. Stevenson, New Brunswick, N. J., books and maps
Stevenson-Smith Co., Washington, D. C, books
James H. Thomas, Boston, books
Tice & Lynch, New York City, books ....
Nelson O. Tiffany, Buffalo, N. Y., books
5 [ 53 ]
18 31 166 74
5 80
6 00 702 75
9 00
3 00 5 00 5 00
296 86 54 90
7 50
24 30 10 37
25 00
10 00
11 25 7 50
4 30
7 50
4 00 15 22
5 10
8 50 99 25 25 75 86 75 11 25
3 26
1,896 80
3 00
6 00 3 50
384 66
8 00
1,186 38
93 75
117 50
5 00
10 00
84 65
10 00
Wisconsin Historical Society
R. G. Thwaites, sec. and supt., official disbursements for books (small amounts under $3, for which affidavits for state au- diting could not well be obtained) ....
Ellis B. Usher, La Crosse, Wis., book
George E. Warner, Minneapolis, books
H. W. Wilson Co., Minneapolis, books
$6,260 58 E. G. Thwaites, Secretary and Superintendent. Madison, July 1, 1904.
|
46 |
19 |
|
3 |
00 |
|
3 |
00 |
|
6 |
00 |
[54]
Reports of Local Societies
Report of the Green Bay His- torical Society
The Green Bay Historical Society made all arrangements for a pilgrimage in 1903 to Little Sturgeon Bay, where the year previous the society had located a very interesting and extensive Indian village and planting ground. This ancient site is situated on the northeast and southeast sides of the entrance to Little Sturgeon.
From investigations made by the president of the society, he concludes that the little lake behind the bluff at Lattle Sturgeon is the one spoken of by Spoon Decorah, in his inter- view with Dt. R. G. Thwaites/ as the first location of the Winnebago. From there they moved to Red Banks, where they met the first Frenchman, presumably Jean Nicolet. The society had visited this place in 1902, and found there many evidences of Indian occupation — mounds, skeletons, wampum, beads, bone needles, and bits of clay pottery. Mr. Riley has, at this place, quite an extensive and unusually interesting collection. TTiree different dates were fixed for the pilgrim- age of 1903, but the excursion was finally abandoned on account of inclement v/eather, and the long trip involved on the then rough waters of Green Bay.
The annual -v^nnter meeting was held on December 8, 1903, at the parish hall, at which time Mr. John M. Schumacher exhibited tlie kettle found by him at Riviere Rouge — an excep- tionally fine example of prehistoric pottery. It is made of the
iWts. Hist. Colls., xiii, p. 457.
[55]
Wisconsin Historical Society
clay found in that vicinity, and measures 22 inches at largest diameter, and 26 inches in height. Around the top edge is tooling which much resembles the Norman herring-bone orna- ment. Found shattered in many pieces, it has been, beauti- fully and accurately restored by Mr. Schumacher. An in- teresting paper was also read by that gentleman on copper implements, illustrated by a number of fine specimens from his personal collection of copper implements found in the vicinity of Green Bay.
Mr. Schumacher's talk was followed by an extremely inter- esting address by Dr. Eeuben Gold Thwaites, secretary of the Wisconsin Historical Society, on the famous overland expe- dition of Lewis and Clark to the Pacific in 1803-04. Dr. Thwaites is always an inspiration in matters historical, and his lecture was thoroughly enjoyed by a large and appreci- ative audience. At the conclusion of the meeting an informal reception was held, and all voted it a most profitable and inter- esting occasion.
A business meeting was held in February, 1904. Several new members were enrolled, and the former officers continued in offi.Gie.
Tile executive board decided that the pilgrimage in 1904 should be made to Little Rapids, where Messrs. I^eville and Schumacher had located the remains of large Indian villages. Its proximity to the site of the Eleazer Williams home, added to the general interest. This expedition was to have been made by trolley; but heavy rains damaged the track to such an extent that the expedition was considered dangerous, and once more the society felt obliged to postpone its annual pilgrimr age until another year.
During the past year the president has given much time to visiting and locating early Jesuit missions and^ Indian villages around the head of Green Bay, and as a result feels that this vicinity is much richer in historical associations than has been supposed. The three different sites occupied at succes- sive periods by the mission of St. Francis Xavier have been
[56]
Reports of Local Societies
traced and identified; the location of the Sauk village where De Lignery was murdered has been found; and miany other Indian village and camp sites, whose existence has hitherto been unsuspected, have been brought to light.
For the December meeting the programme committee have arranged for several interesting papers on early Green Bay history and the homes of early settlers.
Aethtje C. !N"EvrLLB,
President.
[57]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Report of the Ripon Historical
Society
In iSTovemiber, 1899, through tlie efforts of Prof. A. W. Tressler, then principal and superintendent of the Ripon pub- lic schools, and Mr. John S. Rountree, a lawyer then resid- ing here, a society was organized consisting of a few mien who pledged themselves to the general purpose of the society as active workers. It was the plan then, as it still is, to have a few who would actively endeavor to preserve kistorical material relating to Ripon and vicinity, rather than to include a large number. It was thought best to form a corporation under the state law, as an auxiliary to the State Historical Society, and this was done under the direction of Mr. Roun- tree.
The members upon the commencement of the society were Messrs. George L. Field, president of tlie First ISTational Bank, W. S. Crowther a local miller, Mr. Tressler, Mr. Rountree, Dr. El. H. Merrell and Prof. O. Dwight Marsh of Ripon Col- lege, Dr. S. T. Kidder, pastor of the Ripon Congregational Church, O. H. Ellsworth, editor of the Ripon. Commonwealth, and George W. Carter and S. M. Pedrick of the law firm of Carter & Pedrick. Subsequently, Mr. O. J. Clark, a retired business man of this city^ Mr. G. F. Homer, lumber and coal dealer, Mr. A. Eu Schaub, now principal of schools at West AUis, Rev. B. F. Sanford of the Methodist Church, Prof. O. C. Marston, professor of political science and history at Ripon College, Superintendent E. L. Luther of the Ripon
[58]
Reports of Local Societies
■ Is, Prof. H. G. Shearin, of the department of English in Ripon College, and Mr. Gate Mitchell, a local antiquarian of reputation, have been added to the society. The society has lost by removal from the city, Messrs. Tressler, Rountree, Marsh, and Schaub. The present officers are : Rev. Samuel T. K-idder, president ; W. S. CroAvther, vice president ; C. H. Ellsworth, treasurer ; and Samuel M. Pedrick, secretary.
The pui-pose of the society, as stated in the articles of asso- ciation, is as follows: "'Said corporation is formed for histor- ical and literary purposes, and the particular objects and business thereof shall be the discovery, collection, preiserva- tion, and publication of historical records and data relating to the city of Ripon, in the state of Wisconsin, particularly the collection and preservation, for itself and for the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, of books, pamphlets, maps, genealogies, portraits, paintings, relics, manuscripts, letters, journals, surveys, field-books, and any and all articles and ma- terials which may establish or illustrate such history, or the growth and progTess of iwpulation, wealth, education, arts, science, agriculture, manufactures,- trade, and commerce in said city, or in other portions of Wisconsin or adjoining states."
The society has had meetings from time to time, at which some few papers have been read, including one on the "Booth War in Ripon," by Col. George W. Carter; a biographical sketch of Jehdeiah Bowen, one of Ripon's pioneers, by Dr. E. HI Merrell ; "The Birth of the Republican Party in Ripon," by Dr. S. T. Kidder- and "Wisconsin Phalanx," by S. M. Pedrick. Some of these have been used by the State Histor- ical Society in its publiciations, and all of themi have been pub- lished in the Ripon CommonireaUh. Other topics have been assigned for special investigation, and it is understood that members are at work on them, so that during the coming win- ter several more papers are expected, among them being: "The Xew Building Era in Ripon," by O. J. Oark; ^'Bio- graphical Sketch of Ex-Governor Homer," by Dr. Merrell; "Ripon Mills, Millers, Water Rights, and Privileges," by Mr:
[59]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Crowther; "Early Roads and Trails passing through Ripon," by Dr. Kidder; "The M. B. Church and its Buildings in Ripon," by Rev. Mr. Sanford; "Ripon, Railways and Rail- way Promotion," by Mr. Pedrick; "The Press in Ripon History," by Mr. Ellsworth ; "Municipal Govemment Before and After the Origin,al Charter," by Colonel Garter; and "Ripon Banks and Bankers," by Mr. Field.
The principal work of the society has been in the collec- tion of materials. This work has not been extensive; but theire is being aroused in the community a considerable inter- est, and the society publishes frequent communications to the general public in the local press, asking for diligent search among books, papers, and other matter in garrets and else^ where. The result has been, that contributions are oon- gtantly coming in, which are acknowledged weekly in the Ripon Commonwealth. Files of newspapersi are being col- lected, so far as possible, also old maps and documents, booka and pamphlets of local interest — in fact, everything is asked for, and much is being obtained. By a continuous use of this method it is believed that the society will become po^essed of much that is valuable historically. As yet the society has had no place where its material as collected could be placed and l>e available for reference. It was for a time kept in ihe vault of one of the local banks, and then was mioved to the vault in the City Hall building, which is very inaccessible for gen- eral use. It suflfices, however, to give safety to all material that comes into the hands of the society, and that is much. The new Cam^ie Library will, it is believed, be ready for occupancy next summer, amd the library board has kindly granted an alcove therein for the use of this society.
The results already accomplished have not been many; but there is a feeling here that what has been done was mfudi needed, and that this little society is likely to grow and do
much in the future.
Samuel M. Pedrick,
Secretary. Ripox, Sept. 27, 1904.
[ 60 ]
Reports of Local Societies
Report of Walworth County Historical Society
This society, incorporated August 29, 1904, has as yet no completed work, no imposing collection to display in shelf- arrangement or in official report. Its work, although well he- gun, is like its corporate organization, yet to be fully developed. It works with a base of operation little better than its faith that there is work at hand to do, and that it is now time to do it. Its plan is not narrower than that laid down by its sympathetic and helpful godfather, the state society.
Thus far, the greatest progress has been made in its division of vital records; this work has already been pushed to the ac- cumulation of about 35,000 names and as many dates. These are yet to be greatly increased, and to be arranged in their final form for public use and permanent care.
In the society's formative stage, its existence will best be justified by its performance of that work which is pecuniarily least burdensome — since that is not of minor importance — and of such there is at our elbows a monstrous arrear. When this is practically done, we may ask the confidence of our fellow- citizens in the larger undertakings.
A. O. Beckwith,
President.
Report of Secretary
The officers of tljis society are: President — Albert C. Beckwith. Vice president — Jay P. Lyon.
[61]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Secretary — John H. Snyder, Jr.
Corresponding secretary — Dr. Edward Kinne.
Librarian — Francis H. Eames.
Treasurer — Orland Carswell.
Board of directors — Fred W. Isham, Jay W. Page, Edward H. Sprague
The list of members is as follows :
Henry De Lafayette Adkins Theron Rufus Morgan
Albert Clayton Beckwith Jay Wright Page
Edward Seymour Beckwith George Edmund Pierce
Orland Carswell Benjamin Franklin Skiff
Miss Edna Lorene Derthick Mrs. Iris Emeline (Stowe) Skiff
Francis Havilah Eames John Henry Snyder, Jr.
Fred Willard Isham Edward Harvey Sprague
Mrs. Ruth (Wales) Isham Miss Katherine Wentworth Dr. Edward Kinne Thomas
Jay Forest Lyon Charles Marshall Wales Walter Aaron West — Total, 20.
Tlhe society lias oolleoted 30 bouiiKi books, 193 pamphlets (in- cluding duplicates), and 24 newspaper files.
John H. Snydee,, Jk.^
Secretary.
[62]
Gifts to Lib
rary
Givers of Books and Pamphlets
[Including duplicates]
Givers
Pam- phlets
Abbott, Ellis P., Madison
Adams, H. C, Madison .
Adams, Mary M., estate, Madison
Akers, Charles N., St. Paul .
Akron (O.) mayor
Alabama history and archives department, Mont gomery .....
geological survey, Montgomery secretary of state, Montgomery
Alameda (Cal.) board of education
Alaska packers' association, San Francisco .
Allen, F. W., Greenville, Me
American antiquarian society, Worcester, Mass anti-vivisection society, Philadelphia board of commissioners for foreign mis
sions, Boston book CO., N. Y.
congregational association, Boston federation of labor, Washington, D. C historical association, Washington protective tariff league, N. Y. railway guide co., Chicago
Amherst (Mass.) college
Anderson, William J., Madison
Andover (Mass.) mayor
Amory, Frederic, Boston
Andrews, Byron, Washington, D. C
Angell & CO., R. G., Madison
Appleton school board .
Arizona governor's office. Phoenix
Arkansas secretary of state. Little Rock
Armstrong, Perry A., Morris, 111.
Asiatic society of Japan, Toklo
Association of officials of bureaus of labor statis tics, Washington, D. C.
AthSnee Louisianais, New Orleans
Atkinson, W. W., New York
Atwood, Miss Mary L., Madison
Australia mines department, Perth
[63]
1 1 1
44 1 2
48 2
34
4
Wisconsin Historical Society
Givers
Baird, J. H., Nashville, Tenn. Baker, Henry M., Concord, N. H. . Balch, E. S., Philadelphia Baraboo superintendent of schools Barnes, John, Rhinelander Barron county board of supervisors Bashford, Robert M., Madison Bassett, F. G., Seymour, Conn. Bayfield county board of supervisors Beane, S. C, Newburyport, Mass. . Beckwith, A. C. & E. S., Elkhorn . Beer, William, New Orleans Belgium academic royale d'archSologie, Brussels chemins de fer, postes et telegraphes, BruS' sels .... Bell, S. R., Milwaukee . Beloit college ....
Benevolent and protective order of elks, Wiscon
sin division, Waukesha Bennett, Louis V., Anaconda, Mont. Berlin friends in council Berliner gesellschaft fur anthropologic, ethnologiC;
und urgeschichte Beule, Ervin J., Madison Beveridge, Albert J., Indianapolis . Beverley (Mass.) city clerk . Bird, Mrs. George W.,* Madison Bishop, William W., Princeton, N. J. Blackman, L. H., Madison Blair, Miss E. H., Madison Blanco, Jacobo, El Paso, Texas Blood, William H., Boston Blue, Frank D., Terre Haute, Ind. Bolton (Mass.) mayor . Boscobel public schools Boston associated charities
athenaeum
chamber of commerce
children's institutions department
city auditor
city hospital
city registry department
mayor ....
overseers of the poor .
public library
statistics department
transit commission
treasurer and receiver general Bostonian society Bowdoin college, Brunswick, Me. .
15
12 3 1
Pam- phlets
1
1
1 1 1
a
17
1
1
1
Z
1
94»
♦Also unbound serials.
[64]
Gifts to Library
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
Bradford (Pa.) mayor |
1 |
|
|
Bradley, Isaac S., Madison |
* 14 |
146 |
|
Brandt printing co., Manitowoc .... |
1 |
1 |
|
Brazilian legation, Washington, D. C. . |
. |
1 |
|
Bridge, J. H., New York |
1 |
. |
|
Bridgman, E. P., Madison ..... |
1 |
2 |
|
Bridgman, H. L., Brooklyn |
3 |
|
|
Brigham, Clarence S., Providence, R. I. |
2 |
|
|
Brockton (Mass.) public library* .... |
1 |
|
|
Brookfleld (Mass.) mayor ..... |
1 |
|
|
Brookline (Mass.) public library* |
1 |
|
|
Brooklyn public library ..... |
5 |
|
|
Brown, C. N.,* Madison ..... |
4 |
50 |
|
Brown, Henry, London ...... |
1 |
. |
|
Brown, Julius E., Atlanta |
1 |
. |
|
Brown university. Providence, R. I. |
1 |
|
|
Bruncken, Ernest, Milwaukee .... |
1 |
|
|
Brussels soci6t6 d'arch^ologie .... |
. |
1 |
|
Buenos Ayres direccion general de statistique mu- |
||
|
nicipale ........ |
1 |
. |
|
Buffalo chamber of commerce .... |
. |
1 |
|
historical society ..... |
1 |
|
|
mayor ....... |
3 |
i |
|
public library ...... |
1 |
|
|
Buffalo county board of supervisors |
1 |
|
|
Bunker hill monument association, Boston |
i |
. |
|
Burke, Laurance C, Madison .... |
1 |
|
|
Burlington (la.) city clerk |
10 |
|
|
Burlington (Vt.) mayor ..... |
14 |
|
|
Burpee, Lawrence J., Ottawa ..... |
1 |
|
|
Burton, C. M., Detroit |
3 |
|
|
Butler, James D., Madison |
3 |
|
|
Butterfield, Mrs. Daniel, New York |
i |
• • |
|
Cadle, Cornelius, Cincinnati .... |
1 |
|
|
Caine, Albert H., Cincinnati ..... |
, , |
2 |
|
Calhoun (Ala.) colored school .... |
. |
1 |
|
California controller's department, Sacramento |
, |
1 |
|
historical society of southern California, |
||
|
Los Angeles ..... |
1 |
, |
|
promotion committee, San Francisco |
1 |
|
|
state library, Sacramento |
92 |
59 |
|
state treasurer, Sacremento . |
. . |
2 |
|
university, San Francisco |
2 |
. |
|
Call, Homer D.,* New York |
1 |
8 |
|
Cambridge (Mass.) city messenger |
13 |
. |
|
public library ..... |
. |
1 |
|
superintendent of schools |
. |
1 |
|
Canada agriculture department, Ottawa |
3 |
7 |
|
auditor general, Ottawa .... |
2 |
. |
|
education department, Toronto . |
. • |
2 |
• Also unbound serials.
[65]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Givers
t Also maps.
Books
Pam- phlets
|
Canada geological survey, t Ottawa |
1 |
|
|
immigration department, Ottawa |
1 |
. |
|
insurance department, Ottawa . |
1 |
1 |
|
interior department, Ottawa |
1 |
1 |
|
labour department, Ottawa |
4 |
17 |
|
railroads and canals department, Ottawa . |
3 |
12 |
|
royal society, Ottawa .... |
2 |
|
|
Carleton college, Northfield, Minn. .... |
1 |
|
|
Carnegie free library, Allegheny, Pa. |
2 |
|
|
free library, Atlanta .... |
2 |
|
|
free library, Braddock, Pa. |
3 |
|
|
free library, Pittsburg .... |
1 |
|
|
institution, Washington, D. C. |
2 |
, |
|
Cary, Henry C, Winthrop, Mass. .... |
1 |
. |
|
Casgrain, P. B., Quebec ..... |
. |
2 |
|
Caverno, Charles, Lombard, 111. .... |
. |
1 |
|
Cedar Rapids (la.) free public library |
. |
1 |
|
Chamberlain, George W., Weymouth, Mass. |
. |
2 |
|
Channing home, Boston ..... |
3 |
|
|
Charleston (S. C.) mayor ..... |
1 |
. |
|
Chase, Russell, Madison ..... |
47 |
4 |
|
Chase, W. E., Madison |
1 |
. |
|
Chicago & Northwestern r. r. co., Chicago |
. |
12 |
|
board of trade |
2 |
. |
|
city clerk ...... |
4 |
. |
|
city railway co. ..... |
. |
3 |
|
fire patrol commission .... |
2 |
|
|
historical society ..... |
2 |
5 |
|
Milwaukee & St. Paul r. r. co., Milwaukee . |
20 |
|
|
municipal library & bureau of statistics . |
i |
2 |
|
public library |
. |
7 |
|
trustees of sanitary district board |
2 |
. |
|
university ...... |
3 |
. |
|
Chicopee (Mass.) city clerk . . ' . |
1 |
. |
|
Chippewa Falls superintendent of schools |
. |
1 |
|
Chynoweth, H. W., Madison ..... |
. |
2 |
|
Cincinnati chamber of commerce .... |
1 |
. |
|
city auditor . . . . . |
13 |
. ■. |
|
museum association .... |
. |
1 |
|
public library |
. |
7 |
|
Cleveland chamber of commerce .... |
1 |
. |
|
city clerk ...... |
10 |
. |
|
public library ..... |
1 |
2 |
|
Cole, E. B., Indianapolis ..... |
1 |
. |
|
Colorado agricultural college. Ft. Collins |
. |
2 |
|
college, Colorado Springs .... |
. |
4 |
|
equalization board, Denver |
1 |
|
|
state library, Denver .... |
' 21 |
59 |
|
university, Boulder ..... |
2 |
2 |
|
Columbia university library. New York |
1 |
13 |
|
Columbus (0.) public school library . . |
. . |
1 |
[66]
Gifts to Library
Givers
Pam- phlets
Commission on international exchanges, Washington
Commons, John R., Madison .
Concordia college, Milwaukee
Congdon, G. E., Sac City, la. .
Connecticut historical society, Hartford .
railroad commission, Hartford secretary of state, Hartford state library, Hartford
Conover, Allan D., Madison .
Conover, Sarah F.,* Madison .
Cook county board of education, district 97, Chicago
Costa Rica instituto fisico-geografico, San Jos6
Cox, John E., Harwich, Mass.
Crooker, J. H., Ann Arbor
Crosby, Mrs. William L., La Crosse
Curtis, Charles A., Madison .
Curtis, Wardon A., Madison .
Daniells, Mrs. W. W.,* Madison
Danvers (Mass.) Peabody institute library
Dartmouth college, Hanover, N. H. .
Daughters of the American revolution, Chicago chapter
Warren and Prescott chapter, Berkshire, Mass. ....
Davenport (la.) free public library
Davis, Andrew M., Cambridge, Mass.
Davis, Henry L., Sterling, 111.
Dayton (O.) public library and museum
Delaney, Mrs. Hannah C, Oshkosh
Delaware historical society, Wilmington
Democrat printing co., Madison
Democratic national committee, New York
Derrick publishing co.. Oil City, Pa.
Detroit city clerk mayor public library
Deury, W. T., Montpelier, Vt.
Deutsche gesellschaft, Milwaukee
District of Columbia, charities board, Washington collector of the taxes, Washington commissioners, Washington education board, Washington engineer department, Washington health department, Washington medical supervisors board, Washington
Dom^estic and foreign missionary society. New York
Dorr, Mrs. Julia C. R., Rutland, Vt.
Dorrance, A. A., Coldwater, Mich. .
Douglas county board of supervisors
2
1
30
145
23
1 1
505
i
3
35
11 1
38
12 2
1
1 3 1 2 1 3 139 54
* Also unbound serials.
[67]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Givers
Pam- phlets
Dover (N. H.) public library .
Draper library, Madison
Drew theological seminary, Madison, N. J.
Drexel institute library school, Philadelphia
Dunn county board of supervisors .
school of agriculture, Menomonie
Easthampton (Mass.) selectmen Eau Claire public library public schools Edmonds, R, H., Baltimore Edmunds, A. J., Philadelphia Edmunds, E. B., Beaver Dam Egypt exploration fund, London Ela, Miss Ida, Rochester Elizabeth (N. J.) mayor Elles, W. A., Northfield, Vt. . Ely, Richard T., Madison Elzas, Barnett A., Charleston, S. C. Engelmann, Otto, South Kaukauna Engle, Francis E., Indianapolis Enoch Pratt free library, Baltimore Erichson, John, Superior Essex institute, Salem, Mass. Evanston public library* Everett (Mass.) city clerk
Fall River (Mass.) mayor Field Columbian museum, Chicago Filson club, Louisville Fitchburg (Mass.) city clerk
public library* Fleming, Walter I., Morgantown, W. Va. Flower, Frank A., Washington, D. C. Fond du Lac superintendent of schools Fort Wayne (Ind.) mayor Foster, Miss Mary S.,* Madison Fox, Irving P., Lexington, Mass.
Gamble, Thomas, jr.. Savannah . . . .
Gardner, Dr. Miriam,* Clifton Springs, New York
Gates county board of supervisors .
Georgia state treasurer, Atlanta
Gerard, William R., New York
GifEord, F. H., Fall River, Mass.
Girard estate, Philadelphia
Goodell, R. A., Washington, D. C. .
Gorham manufacturing co.. New York
21
57
10
1 1 2 3 2 3 1
3 1 249 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 8
4
12
1
3
1
30 56
* Also unbound serials.
[68]
Gifts to Library
|
. Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
Grand Rapids (Mich.) city clerk .... |
4 |
|
|
public library .... |
i |
|
|
superintendent of schools |
16 |
|
|
Great Britain labour department, London |
4 |
|
|
patent office, London |
'l38 |
, |
|
Green, Samuel A., Boston |
20 |
129 |
|
Green, Samuel S., Worcester, Mass. |
2 |
|
|
Greene, Fairchild, North & Parker, Green Bay |
1 |
|
|
Grinton, William, Joiiet, 111. ..... |
i |
1 |
|
Grove, William,* Madison ..... |
, |
|
|
Groves, Joseph, Selma, Ala |
1 |
|
|
Grumm, George, Jefferson |
i |
. |
|
Guilford battle ground co., Greensboro, N. C. |
2 |
|
|
Gwynne temporary home for children, Boston |
3 |
|
|
Hale house, Boston ...... |
2 |
|
|
Halifax (N. S.), mayor |
11 |
|
|
Harbert, A. N., Cedar Rapids, la |
1 |
|
|
Harrisburg (Pa.) city clerk ..... |
3 |
. |
|
Hartford (Conn.) board of trade .... |
1 |
|
|
city clerk ...... |
i |
. |
|
public library* ..... |
. |
|
|
theological seminary |
1 |
|
|
Harvard university, Cambridge, Mass. . |
2 |
3 |
|
Haverhill (Mass.) city clerk .... |
1 |
. |
|
public library ..... |
3 |
|
|
Hawaii governor, Honolulu ..... |
. |
1 |
|
secretary, Honolulu ..... |
4 |
1 |
|
Hawley, Miss Emma A., Madison |
1 |
|
|
Hayden, Horace E., Wilkes Barre, Pa. |
1 |
|
|
Hayes, C. W., Geneva, N. Y. .... |
i |
. |
|
Hays, Mrs. J. A.,* Boise, Idaho .... |
2 |
1 |
|
Hemingway, E. E., Brookings, S. Dak. |
2 |
. |
|
Hepburn, A. P., New York ..... |
1 |
. |
|
Higbee, Chester G., St. Paul .... |
2 |
. |
|
Hills, William S., Boston |
11 |
|
|
Hinkley, L. D., Waupun |
. |
1 |
|
Hobbs, William H., Madison |
, |
2 |
|
Hoo-Hoo, concatenated order of, Nashville, Tenn. . |
2 |
|
|
Howard association, London .... |
1 |
|
|
Hoyt, Mrs. F. W.,* Madison |
155 |
35 |
|
Hudson, Thomas J., Indianapolis |
. |
1 |
|
Hughes, Harold D., Madison ..... |
. |
2 |
|
Hughes, William H., Madison .... |
1 |
. |
|
Hyde Park (Mass.) historical society |
• • |
1 |
|
Idaho auditor, Boise |
1 |
|
|
immigration, labor & statistics bureau, Boise |
• |
16 |
|
state mine inspector, Boise .... |
1 |
•Also unbound serials.
6 [69]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Givers
Illinois auditor of public accounts, Springfield insurance department, Springfield labor statistics bureau, Springfield railroad & warehouse com., Springfield secretary of state, Springfield state bar association, Springfield state historical society, Springfield university, Urbana .... Immigration restriction league, Boston Independent order of odd fellows, grand lodge of
Wisconsin, Milwaukee ....
Indian rights association, Philadelphia . Indiana charities board, Indianapolis health board, Indianapolis inspection department, Indianapolis secretary of state, Indianapolis state library, Indianapolis tax commissioners board, Indianapolis Indianapolis board of trade .... city comptroller
public library .... Interstate commerce commission, Washington, D. C. Iowa auditor of state, Des Moines
labor statistics bureau, Des Moines library commission, Des Moines railroad commission, Des Moines . secretary of state, Des Moines state historical society, Iowa City Iowa county board of supervisors Ipswich (Mass.) historical society
J. Herman Bosler memorial library, Carlisle, Pa.
Janesville superintendent of schools
Japan bureau de la statistique g6n6rale, Tokio
Jersey City (N. J.) free public library
John Crerar library, Chicago
Johns Hopkins university, Baltimore
Jones, Mrs. Burr, Madison
Jones, S. M., Toledo, O. ...
Jones, T. J., Elkhorn ....
Juneau county circuit court .
Kansas bank commissioner, Topeka bank examiner, Topeka labor and industry bureau, Topeka university library, Lawrence City (Mo.) city comptroller
education board
public library
Pam- phlets
Gifts to Library
Givers
Books
Pam- phlets
Kellogg, Miss Louise P., Madison . Kennicott, W. F.,* Madison .... Kentucky agriculture, labor and statistics commis- sion, Frankfort .... state historical society, Frankfort . Kerr, Alexander, Madison .... Kewaunee county board of supervisors King, Horatio C, Brooklyn .... Kingsley house association, Pittsburgh . Kosanke, Fred E.,* Watertown Kremers, Edward, Madison ....
25
1
i
1
34 3 3 1
La Boule, J. S., Watertown .... La Crosse board of trade .... Lafayette county board of supervisors . Lake Mohonk conference on international arbitra
tion, Mohonk Lake, N. Y. ...
Lamb, Fred W., Manchester, N. H. Lancaster county (Pa.) historical society Lapham, Miss Julia A., Oconomowoc Latham & co., Alexander, New York Laval university, Quebec .... Lawrence (Mass.) public library* Lawrence university, Appleton Lawson, P. V., Menasha ....
Le Brun, P., Quebec ..... Legal intelligencer, Philadelphia Legler, George E., Madison .... Legler, Henry E.,* Madison .... Lenher, Victor, Madison ....
Leonard, B. W.,* De Pere .... Lewis, H. M., Madison ..... Lewis institute, Chicago ....
Lewis & Clark centennial exposition co., Portland
Ore.
Libby, O. G., Grand Forks, N. Dak.
Lincoln county board of supervisors
Lindsay, Crawford, Quebec ....
Little Rock (Ark.) mayor ....
Livingston county historical society, Geneseo, N. Y,
Lloyd, Mrs. Henry D., Winnetka, HI.
Los Angeles (Cal.) board of trade . public library* .
Loubat, Due de, Paris .....
Louisiana adjutant general's office. Baton Rouge historical society, New Orleans purchase exposition co., St. Louis .
Lowell (Mass.) mayor .....
old residents' historical association
104
*Also unbound serials.
5 2
i
189 4 9 1
1
1 1 S 1 7 2 46 1
[71]
Wisconsin Historical Society
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
Lowry, Miss Blanche,* Hurley .... |
||
|
Lunn, J. C, Racine |
^ ^ |
' 20 |
|
Lynn (Mass.) city clerk |
24 |
• • |
|
McAleer, George, Worcester, Mass. |
1 |
|
|
McCleary, J. T., Washington, D. C. |
. |
1 |
|
McCormick, R. L., Hayward ..... |
1 |
. |
|
McCullock, Mrs. Delia A., Charleston, W. Va. |
. , |
1 |
|
McGaffrey, Ernest, Wausau ..... |
1 |
, , |
|
Mcllvaine, Miss C. M., Chicago .... |
. |
1 |
|
McLachlan, R. W., Montreal |
. |
1 |
|
McLean, J. P., Franklin, 0 |
, , |
2 |
|
McLennan, William, Montreal .... |
, |
1 |
|
Madison board of education .... |
. |
1 |
|
city clerk ...... |
3 |
. |
|
free library* ...... |
1 |
40 |
|
general hospital association |
1 |
|
|
literary club ...... |
5 |
|
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park & pleasure drive association |
1 |
|
|
superintendent of schools |
2 |
|
|
water department ..... |
1 |
|
|
Maine general hospital, Portland |
1 |
|
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industrial and labor statistics commission, |
||
|
Augusta |
1 |
. |
|
state library, Augusta .... |
7 |
. |
|
state treasurer, Augusta .... |
2 |
|
|
Maiden (Mass.) mayor ...... |
1 |
. |
|
Manitoba king's printer, Winnipeg . . . |
4 |
2 |
|
provincial library,! Winnipeg |
. |
. |
|
public works department, Winnipeg |
1 |
|
|
Manitowoc public library |
i |
1 |
|
county board of supervisors |
. |
1 |
|
Marathon county board of supervisors . |
. |
3 |
|
Marquette college, Milwaukee .... |
2 |
|
|
Marvin, Miss Cornelia, Madison .... |
. |
1 |
|
Maryland historical society, Baltimore |
2 |
1 |
|
statistics and information bureau. Bait. |
2 |
. |
|
Mason, Mrs. B. C.,* Madison .... |
||
|
Massachusetts auditor of accounts, Boston |
i |
|
|
chief of district police, Boston |
1 |
|
|
civil service commission, Boston |
. |
i |
|
conciliation and arbitration board, |
||
|
Boston ..... |
1 |
. |
|
gas and electric light commission. |
||
|
Boston ..... |
1 |
. |
|
general hospital, Boston . |
. |
1 |
|
highway commission, Boston . |
1 |
. |
|
historical society, Boston |
1 |
1 |
|
humane society, Boston . |
. • |
1 |
* Also unbound serials. fAlso maps.
[T2]
Gifts to Library
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
|
Massachusetts insane hospital, Northampton . |
1 |
||
|
insane hospital, Taunton |
. |
1 |
|
|
insurance department, Boston |
2 |
, |
|
|
labor statistics bureau, Boston |
4 |
5 |
|
|
metropolitan park commission, Bos- |
|||
|
ton .... . . |
1 |
, , |
|
|
metropolitan water and sewerage |
|||
|
board, Boston .... |
1 |
. |
|
|
public records commission, Boston . |
1 . |
||
|
railroad commission, Boston . |
i |
||
|
savings bank commission, Boston |
2 |
||
|
secretary of the commonw^ealth, Bos- |
|||
|
ton ...... |
8 |
4 |
|
|
state board of health, Boston . |
1 |
, ^ |
|
|
state board of charity, Boston |
1 |
. |
|
|
total abstinence society, Boston |
. |
1 |
|
|
Matthews, Albert, Boston |
, |
2 |
|
|
Mayfield, R. N., New York |
1 |
||
|
Messmer, S. J., Milwaukee ..... |
4 |
, |
|
|
Methodist church, "West Wisconsin conference, Lan- |
|||
|
caster |
. |
1 |
|
|
Mexico direccion general de estadistica, Mexico . |
4 |
1 |
|
|
secretary de fomento, Mexico |
2 |
||
|
Michigan auditor general's department, Lansing . |
1 |
. |
|
|
agriculture board, Lansing |
1 |
. |
|
|
banking department, Lansing |
1 |
1 |
|
|
dairy and food department, Lansing |
. |
1 |
|
|
labor and industrial statistics bureau, Lan- |
|||
|
sing |
1 |
. |
|
|
railroad commission, Lansing |
1 |
. |
|
|
state department, Lansing |
1 |
. |
|
|
state board of health, Lansing |
2 |
31 |
|
|
state library, Lansing .... |
35 |
55 |
|
|
state treasurer, Lansing |
1 |
||
|
university, Ann Arbor . ... |
. |
5 |
|
|
Military Order Loyal Legion U. S.: |
|||
|
California commandery, San Francisco . |
41 |
||
|
Colorado commandery, Denver |
3 |
||
|
Iowa commandery, Des Moines |
17 |
||
|
Minnesota commandery, St. Paul |
2 |
2 |
|
|
Missouri commandery, St. Louis |
9 |
||
|
Ohio commandery, Columbus . |
43 |
||
|
Wisconsin commandery, Milwaukee |
16 |
||
|
Millicent library,* Fairhaven, Mass. |
2 |
||
|
Milwaukee associated charities .... |
2 |
||
|
chamber of commerce .... |
i |
. |
|
|
city engineer ..... |
6 |
||
|
city service commission |
1 |
||
|
common council ..... |
1 |
||
|
comptroller ..... |
1 |
• Also unbound serials.
[73]
Wisconsin Historical Society
|
Givers |
Books Pf-^ |
||
|
Milwaukee East division high school* . |
1 |
||
|
fire department ..... |
15 |
||
|
health department |
2 |
||
|
1 high school . |
1 |
||
|
J house of correction |
11 |
||
|
■ house of mercy |
3 |
||
|
insane asylum |
. |
2 |
|
|
[^ Journal |
73 |
||
|
orphan asylum |
2 |
||
|
•■ public library |
25 |
||
|
public museum |
1 |
||
|
public works board |
' |
2 |
|
|
school board |
L ' li |
||
|
county board of supervisors . |
\ |
J |
|
|
home for dependent children, Wauwa- |
|||
|
tosa |
1 |
||
|
hospital, Wauwatosa .... |
, |
1 |
|
|
Republican county committee, Milwau- |
|||
|
kee ....... |
. |
1 |
|
|
Minneapolis chamber of commerce |
L . . |
||
|
city clerk ...... |
< |
2 . . |
|
|
Minnesota adjutant general, St. Paul |
! |
2 . . |
|
|
chief fire warden, St. Paul . |
1 |
||
|
historical society, St. Paul . |
8( |
3 93 |
|
|
labor bureau, St. Paul .... |
L . . |
||
|
public examiner, St. Paul |
, |
2 5 |
|
|
railroad and warehouse commission, |
|||
|
St. Paul |
L . . |
||
|
Mississippi historical society. University |
L 2 |
||
|
railroad commission, Jackson |
] |
L . . |
|
|
Missouri agriculture board, Columbia |
. |
2 |
|
|
auditor. Jefferson City .... |
3 |
||
|
botanical garden, St. Louis |
I 2 |
||
|
insurance department, Jefferson City |
I 1 |
||
|
labor statistics bureau, Jefferson City |
2 . . |
||
|
railroad and warehouse commission, Jef |
|||
|
ferson City |
1 . . |
||
|
secretary of state, Jefferson City |
3 . . |
||
|
university library, Columbia |
9 |
||
|
Monroe county board of supervisors |
. 2 |
||
|
Montana historical library, Helena |
1 |
7 12 |
|
|
Morris, Mrs. Charles S., Berlin . . . . |
1 |
||
|
Morris, W. A. P., Madison ..... |
3 . . |
||
|
Morris, Mrs. W. A. P.,* Madison .... |
20 |
||
|
Moseley, C. W., Boston ...... |
1 . . |
||
|
Mount Holyoke college. South Hadley, Mass. |
1 |
||
|
Mowry, Duane,* Milwaukee ..... |
2 |
0 89 |
|
|
Mumm, H. L., Wausau ...... |
1 . |
||
|
Munro, Dana C, Madison |
. |
2 |
2 13 |
♦Also unbound serials.
[74]
Gifts to Library
Givers
National association of manufactures, Indianapolis association of wool manufacturers, Boston education association, Winona, Minn, home for disabled soldiers, Milwaukee league for the protection of the family, Au
burndale, Mass.
municipal league, Philadelphia
Nantucket (Mass.) historical association
Nebraska agricultural experiment station, Lincoln
banking department, Lincoln
public instruction department, Lincoln
university, Lincoln
Nelson, William, Peterson, N.J.
Netherwood, H. C.,* Madison
New Bedford (Mass.) free public library
New England historic genealogical society, Boston
New Hampshire bank commission, Concord .
historical society, Concord
insurance commission, Concord
railroad commission, Concord
state library. Concord .
state library commission. Concord
New Haven (Conn.) orphan asylum
colony historical society, New Haven New Jersey adjutant general's office, Trenton
banking and insurance department
Trenton ....
children's guardians board, Trenton comptroller's department, Trenton public roads commission, Trenton sewerage commission, Jersey City state board of assessors, Trenton statistics bureau, Trenton . treasurer's office, Trenton New Orleans city comptroller's office New South Wales government statistician's office
Sydney . . .
New York, city, American female guardian society
and home for the friendless
association for improving the condition
of the poor board of trustees of the Bellevue and
allied hospitals buildings bureau charity organization society children's aid society city magistrates board colored mission comptroller's office education department .
|
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
6 |
|
|
, ^ |
3 |
|
2 |
, |
|
1 |
• • |
|
1 |
|
|
3 |
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5 |
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5 |
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6 |
. |
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8 |
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6 |
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1 |
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|
i |
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4 |
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2 |
2 |
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1 |
|
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1 |
, |
|
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. |
|
5 |
, |
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. |
|
, , |
1 |
|
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1 |
|
1 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
, |
1 |
|
2 |
6 |
4 15
*Also unbound serials.
[TS]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Givers
New York City fire department healtti department highway commission home for old men and aged couples . ladies association of the sheltering arms .....
mercantile library
municipal accounts and statistics bureau
provident loan society
public charities department
public library ....
St. Luke's home for aged women . St. Mary's free hospital for children society for the prevention of crime society for the reformation of juvenile delinquents ....
society for the suppression of vice society library ....
taxes and assessment department water supply department state, banking department, Albany catholic protectory. New York chamber of commerce, New York . charities board, Albany christian home for intemperate men, Mt, Vernon . . . . .
commissioners of state reservation at Niagara, Niagara Falls equalization board, Albany . health department, Albany . state historical society. New York home for incurables, Fordham hospital for crippled and deformed chil
dren, Tarrytown institution for the instruction of the deaf
and dumb. New York labor department, Albany library, Albany . . . prisons commission, Albany railroad commission, Albany society for the prevention of cruelty to children. New York treasury, Albany New Zealand registrar-general, Wellington Newark (N. J.) city clerk ....
free public library ....
mayor ......
Newherry library, Chicago ....
Newspapers and periodicals received from publishers Niagara (Can.) historical society, Ontario Niagara Falls (N. Y.) public library Nicholson, John P., Philadelphia . ...
14 3
1 361
7
1
3 1 2 4 10 1
1 2 1 12 6 5 1
i
7
6 2 2 1 2
3
1
18
[Te]
Gifts to Library
Givers
Nicholson, K. M., Hurley ....
Norlie, O. M., Stoughton ....
North Adams (Mass.) public library- North Carolina corporation commission, Raleigh
university. Chapel Hill .
North Dakota agricultural experiment station, Ag
ricultural College
railroad commission, Bismarck
state department, Bismarck
state examiner, Bismarck
Northern Pacific r. r. co., St. Paul
Northrup, A. J., Syracuse, N. Y. .
Northwest territories agriculture department. Re
gina
education department, Regina government printing office, Regina territorial secretary, Regina Northwestern university, Evanston, 111. Nunns, Miss Annie A., Madison
Oakley, Miss Minnie M., Madison .
Oberlin (O.) college library ....
Ohio archseological and historical society, Columbus auditor of state, Columbus historical and philosophical society, Cincinnati labor statistics bureau, Columbus . railroads and telegraphs commission, Columbus society of New York, New York state bar association, Toledo . state library, Columbus workshops and factories inspection department Columbus ......
Oklahoma bank commissioner, Guthrie .
historical society, Oklahoma City . Olin, John M., Madison . . . .
O'Neill, James, Neillsville ....
Ontario agriculture department, Toronto government, Toronto historical society, Toronto mines bureau, Toronto superintendent of neglected & dependent children, Toronto ....
Oregon historical society, Salem . secretary of state, Salem . superintendent public instruction, Salem university library, Eugene Orr, Charles, Cleveland ....
Oshkosh board of education ....
Times ......
Ostrander fire brick co., Troy, N. Y.
Pam- phlets
|
1 |
, . |
|
2 |
. |
|
1 |
, |
|
6 |
|
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|
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1 |
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, , |
|
1 |
, , |
|
32 |
|
|
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3 |
|
. |
2 |
[T7]
Wisconsin Historical Society
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|||
|
Paltsits, Victor H., New York |
1 |
||||
|
Parkinson, Miss Eve, Madison |
i |
^ , |
|||
|
Parlin library, Everett, Wash. |
7 |
^ , |
|||
|
Pasadena (Cal.) public library* . |
. |
, |
|||
|
Patchin, H. E., New London . |
93 |
, , |
|||
|
Patek, Arthur J.,* Milwaukee |
> • • |
, , |
|||
|
Paterson (N. J.) free public library |
. |
2 |
|||
|
mayor .... |
1 |
. |
|||
|
Patrick, Lewis S.,t Marinette |
» • |
||||
|
Pawtucket (R. L) city clerk |
2 |
||||
|
Peabody institute, Baltimore |
, |
1 |
|||
|
Pease, Vernon J., Pullman, 111. |
1 |
, |
|||
|
Peck, George R., Chicago |
. |
12 |
|||
|
Pennsylvania banking department, Harrisburg |
3 |
. |
|||
|
factory inspector's department, Har |
|||||
|
risburg |
2 |
. |
|||
|
German society, Lancaster |
2 |
, , |
|||
|
internal affairs department. |
Harris |
||||
|
burg .... |
. |
2 |
. |
||
|
library department, Harrisburg |
1 |
. |
|||
|
railways bureau, Harrisburg |
2 |
, |
|||
|
Scotch-Irish society, Philadelphia |
1 |
||||
|
society of New York, New York |
i |
. |
|||
|
university, Philadelphia |
1 |
||||
|
Pentecost, H. W., Guthrie, Okla. |
. |
2 |
|||
|
Peoria (111.) public library |
1 |
||||
|
Perry, W. W., Milwaukee |
, , |
3 |
|||
|
Philadelphia board of trade . |
1 |
1 |
|||
|
children's country week association . |
. |
2 |
|||
|
children's hospital |
, |
1 |
|||
|
college of pharmacy, alumni |
associa |
||||
|
tion .... |
, , |
1 |
|||
|
commercial exchange |
11 |
1 |
|||
|
controller .... |
1 |
. , |
|||
|
electrical bureau |
9 |
, , |
|||
|
health board |
10 |
. |
|||
|
mayor .... |
3 |
22 |
|||
|
prison society . |
14 |
||||
|
public education board |
i |
8 |
|||
|
public health and charities |
depart |
• |
|||
|
ment .... |
22 |
||||
|
public works department . |
8 |
. |
|||
|
select council |
11 |
||||
|
society for organizing charity |
4 |
||||
|
union traction co. |
, , |
3 |
|||
|
Philippi & CO., L. P., La Crosse |
1 |
||||
|
Philippine Islands commission, Manila |
3 |
||||
|
executive bureau, Manila |
3 |
2 |
|||
|
finance and justice department. |
Manila |
1 |
*Also unbound serials. fAlso maps.
r'TS]
Gifts to Library
Givers
Books
Pam- phlets
Philippine Islands government laboratories bu reau, Manila
mining bureau, Manila
museum of ethnology, natural history and commerce, Manila Phillips, F. L.,* Madison Phillips, U. B., Madison Pittsburgh city controller
health bureau
& w^estern r. r. co. Pittsfield (Mass.) city clerk Plummer, Alvin, San Francisco Pond, James C, Milwaukee Portage county board of supervisors Portland (Me.h benevolent society city clerk
(Ore.) commercial club . superintendent of schools . Porto Rico secretary, San Juan Potsdam (N. Y.) school of technology Powers, Samuel L., Washington, D. C Pratt institute free library, Brooklyn Presbyterian church, general assembly, Philadelphia Price, Clinton G., Milwaukee . Price county board of supervisors . Princeton university, Princeton, N. J Protestant episcopal church in the United States
diocese of Albany
diocese of California
diocese of central Pennsylvania
diocese of Connecticut
diocese of Fond du Lac
diocese of Louisiana .
diocese of Massachusetts
diocese of Minnesota
diocese of New Hampshire
diocese of Rhode Island
diocese of West Virginia
diocese of western Michigan Providence (R. I.) athenaeum
Butler hospital
overseer of the poor
public library
public school department Prudential insurance co., Newark, N. J
Racine county board of supervisors
public schools Randolph-Macon college, Ashland, Va. Raven, I. J., Harleston, Norfolk, England Raymer, George, Madison Reeve, J. T., Appleton
13 1
2
479 2
|
1 1 |
1 |
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1 |
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8 |
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4 |
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1 |
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2 |
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130 |
1 |
|
463 |
490 |
* Also unbound serials.
[T9]
Wisconsin Historical Society
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
Reynolds library, Rochester, N. Y |
1 |
|
|
Rhode Island factory inspector. Providence |
i |
. |
|
historical society. Providence |
2 |
. |
|
industrial statistics bureau, Providence |
2 |
. |
|
public school commission. Providence |
2 |
. |
|
secretary of state. Providence |
, , |
23 |
|
Richardson, E. C, Princeton, N. J. . . . |
1 |
. |
|
Rigby, William T.,t Vicksburg, Miss. |
. |
1 |
|
Riley, Franklin H., University, Miss. |
. |
2 |
|
Ripon college |
2 |
|
|
Roberts, E. D., Janesville |
i |
, |
|
Robinson, Adelaide A. N., Raynham, Mass. |
. |
1 |
|
Robinson, Mrs. Sara T. D., Lawrence, Kans. |
1 |
. |
|
Rochester (N. Y.) university .... |
. |
1 |
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Rogers, Mrs. Fairman, Philadelphia |
1 |
. |
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Rood, H. W., Madison |
1 |
3 |
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Rosengarten, Joseph G., Philadelphia |
. |
1 |
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Rowland, Dunbar, Jackson, Miss |
, |
5 |
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Ruggles, Henry S., Wakefield, Mass. |
• • |
1 |
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St. Croix county board of supervisors . |
1 |
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St. Louis city register's ofiBce .... |
i |
. |
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mercantile library ..... |
. |
2 |
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merchants' exchange .... |
1 |
. |
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public library* ..... |
. |
3 |
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self-culture hall association* |
. |
3 |
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superintendent of instruction . |
4 |
14 |
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St. Luke's hospital, Chicago |
. |
2 |
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St. Olaf college, Northfield, Minn |
. |
1 |
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St. Paul associated charities |
. |
5 |
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city clerk ....... |
1 |
. |
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city comptroller ..... |
1 |
. |
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Salem (Mass.) mayor . . . . . . |
15 |
1 |
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public library ...... |
. |
3 |
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Salisbury, Mrs. Edward E., New Haven, Conn. |
1 |
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Salter, William, Burlington, la. . . . . |
. |
1 |
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Sanborn, F. B.. Concord, Mass. .... |
7 |
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Sanborn, John B., Madison . . ... |
. |
4 |
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San Francisco board of supervisors . . |
2 |
. " |
|
chamber of commerce |
. |
2 |
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public library ..... |
2 |
1 |
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superintendent common schools |
. |
4 |
|
Schafer, Joseph, Eugene, Ore |
. |
1 |
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Schroeder, A. F., Milwaukee . . . . |
. |
24 |
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Scott, William A., Madison |
17 |
25 |
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Scott, W. D., Ottawa |
1 |
. |
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Scranton (Pa.) public library* .... |
1 |
|
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Sellers, Edwin J., Philadelphia .... |
1 |
. |
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Seymour, Miss Lavernia,* Madison |
2 |
. |
|
Sheboygan board of education .... |
• • |
2 |
♦Also unbound serials. tAlso maps.
[80]
Gifts to Library
Givers
Pam- phlets
Shepard, James, New Britain, Conn.
Sherman, Roger, Chicago
Shillaber, W. G., Boston
Shipman, S. V., Chicago
Sioux City (la.) superintendent of schools
Smith, Elizabeth H., Cambridge, Mass.
Smith, Mrs. J. L.,* Madison .
Smith, Joshua, Chicago . .
Smith, William E., Madison .
Smithsonian institution, Washington, D. C.
Smyth, Albert H., Philadelphia
Society of the army of the Cumberland, Cincinnati of the army of the Tennessee, Cincinnati of colonial wars. New York District of Columbia, Washington
Solberg, Thorvald, Washington, D. C.
Somerville (Mass.) city clerk public library*
Sons of the revolution, Missouri society, Bethany New York society. New York Pennsylvania society, Philadelphia
South Carolina state treasurer, Columbia
South Dakota food and dairy commission, Aber deen .... public examiner, Brookings public instruction department, Pierre secretary of state, Pierre state department, Pierre state historical society, Pierre
Sparling, S. E., Madison
Speed, Thomas, Louisville, Ky.
Spooner, John C, Madison
Spooner, P. L., Madison
Springfield (Mass.) city clerk school department
Stafford, A. O., Cheyney, Pa. .
Stark, Mrs. Charles G.,* Milwaukee
Stebbins, Calvin, Framingham, Mass.
Sterling, Miss Susan, Madison
Stevens, Mrs. B. J., Madison .
Stewart, Etherbert, Chicago
Stewart, I. N., Milwaukee
Stone, William L., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.
Stoner, Miss Mary, Madison .
Strong, W. W., Kenosha .
Suite, Benjamin, Ottawa
Sutherland, James, Janesville
Sweden kongl. universitets-biblioteket, Upsala
Syracuse (N. Y.) society for prevention of cruelty to children ........
1
1
26
i
6
2
17
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1 1 |
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1 |
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32 |
57 |
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10 |
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1 |
, |
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, |
9 |
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1 |
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4 |
54 |
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. |
2 |
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8 |
, , |
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77 |
434 |
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3 |
110 |
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, |
2 |
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1 |
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1^6 |
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1 |
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. |
3 |
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1 |
♦Also unbound serials.
[SI]
Wisconsin Historical Society
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
Tacoma (Wash.) board of education |
2 |
|
|
Tanaka, Hideo, Madison |
i |
. |
|
Tennessee mining department, Nashville |
1 |
|
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university, Knoxville .... |
2 |
• |
|
Texas agriculture, insurance, statistics & history |
||
|
commission, Austin ..... |
1 |
|
|
railroad commission, Austin |
i |
1 |
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state department, Austin .... |
7 |
23 |
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Thompson, T. P., New Orleans .... |
1 |
|
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Thwaites, Reuben G.,t Madison .... |
25 |
72 |
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Ticknor, Miss E. G.,* Madison .... |
, ^ |
, , |
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Tilton, Asa C, Madison |
35 |
1 |
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Tingley, Frank F., Providence, R. I. . |
1 |
. |
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Toledo (0.) board of education .... |
1 |
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mayor ....... |
4 |
, , |
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Toronto public library |
, , |
1 |
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Trask, William B., Boston |
, |
1 |
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Tuckerman, Frederick, Amherst, Mass. . |
^ |
3 |
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Tufts college library, Medford, Mass. |
1 |
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Turner, A. J., Portage |
i |
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Turner, F. J., Madison |
5 |
5 |
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Turville, Mrs. Henry, Madison .... |
1 |
• • |
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United States agriculture department |
6 |
128 |
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American republics bureau |
1 |
1 |
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catholic historical society, N. Y. |
1 |
, , |
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census bureau ..... |
2 |
14 |
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civil service commission |
1 |
2 |
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coast & geodetic survey |
1 |
. |
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commerce and labor department |
19 |
33 |
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copyright office ..... |
1 |
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education bureau .... |
3 |
1 |
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engraving and printing bureau . |
. |
1 |
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ethnology bureau .... |
1 |
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geological survey f .... |
29 |
28 |
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government printing office |
1 |
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Indian affairs office .... |
1 |
, , |
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insular affairs bureau |
2 |
1 |
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interior department . . . |
16 |
37 |
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internal revenue commission |
1 |
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justice department .... |
1 |
. |
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land office ..... |
2 |
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library of congress .... |
5 |
2 |
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light house board .... |
2 |
. . |
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military academy, West Point |
2 |
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naval academy, Annapolis . |
. |
2 |
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navigation bureau .... |
2 |
. |
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navy department .... |
1 |
1 |
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patent office ..... |
18 |
1 |
* Also unbound serials. t Also maps.
[82]
Gifts to Library
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
||
|
United States pension bureau .... |
1 |
|||
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post office department |
. |
1 |
||
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public health & marine hospital servic< |
. |
2 |
||
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railroad commission |
2 |
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state department |
17 |
8 |
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statistics bureau |
8 |
|||
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superintendent documents! |
327 |
272 |
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treasury department |
11 |
39 |
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war department |
21 |
12 |
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weather bureau |
3 |
. |
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Unknown ....... |
, |
5 |
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Upton (Mass.) selectmen .... |
10 |
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Usher, Ellis B.,* La Crosse .... |
2 |
465 |
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Utah agricultural college, Logan |
. |
8 |
||
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Utica (N. Y.) mayor |
5 |
19 |
||
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Van Hagen, L. J., & Mara, E. H., Madison |
13 |
12 |
||
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Van Hise, Charles R., Madison |
1 |
|||
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Vermont finance inspector, Montpelier |
i |
, |
||
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insurance department. White River Jet. |
, |
2 |
||
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state library, Montpelier . |
3 |
. |
||
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Vernon county board of supervisors |
4 |
|||
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Vilas, C. H., Chicago |
8 |
, |
||
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Vilas, Mrs. Levi. Madison ..... |
2 |
, |
||
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Vilas, William F., Madison .... |
5 |
, , |
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Vincent, Samuel H., North Weymouth, Mass. . |
1 |
|||
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Vineland (N. J.) historical & antiquarian society |
. |
4 |
||
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Virginia historical society, Richmond |
3 |
|||
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labor & industrial statistics bureau. Rich |
||||
|
mond ...... |
2 |
, |
||
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state corporation commission, Richmond |
10 |
• • |
||
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Waldschaky, E. S., Madison .... |
14 |
. |
||
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Walker, Edwin S., Springfield, 111. . |
2 |
|||
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Walker, J. B., Concord, N. H. |
7 |
|||
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Waltham (Mass.) city clerk . |
10 |
|||
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public library* |
^ |
. |
||
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Walworth county board of supervisors . |
1 |
|||
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Ward, Mrs. A. J.,* Madison |
, |
|||
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Warner, G. E., Minneapolis |
1 |
|||
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Warvelle, George W., Chicago |
. , |
3 |
||
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Washingrton dairy and food commission, Seattle |
1 |
|||
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statistics, agriculture and immigration |
||||
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bureau, Olympia .... |
3 |
. |
||
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Watkins, W. K., Maiden, Mass. |
^ , |
1 |
||
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Wausau superintendent of schools . |
1 |
|||
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Wellesley (Mass.) college |
1 |
|||
|
Welton, Mrs. W. H., Madison . |
2 |
|||
|
Wentworth historical society, Hamilton, Ont. |
. • |
3 |
Also unbound serials.
[83]
Wisconsin Historical Society
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
|
Wesleyan university, Middletown, Conn. |
1 |
2 |
|
|
West Virginia banlcing commission, Ctiarleston |
1 |
, |
|
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labor bureau. Wheeling |
1 |
, |
|
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university, Morgantown . |
. |
1 |
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Western Australia government statistician's |
otiice |
||
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Perth |
1 |
1 |
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Western Reserve university, Cleveland . |
1 |
3 |
|
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Wheeler, H. L., Boston .... |
, , |
1 |
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Wheeler, Miss Harriet, Beloit |
1 |
. , |
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White, H., New York .... |
1 |
, |
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Whitney, C. W., Upton, Mass. . |
. |
1 |
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Wight, William W., Milwaukee |
4 |
4 |
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|
Wiley, Samuel T., Uniontown, Pa. . |
. |
1 |
|
|
Wilkes Barre (Pa.) Osterhout free library |
. |
1 |
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Williams, Charles H., Baraboo |
, |
S |
|
|
Williams college, Williamstown, Mass. . |
1 |
. |
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Williamson, William C, Boston |
. |
1 |
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Wilmington (Del.) institute free library |
. |
1 |
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Wing, George W., Kewaunee . |
. |
1 |
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Winnebago county board of supervisors |
. |
1 |
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Winnipeg mayor |
10 |
3 |
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Wisconsin agriculture board |
1 |
. |
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bankers' association, Milwaukee |
. |
1 |
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banking department |
2 |
1 |
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bar association |
1 |
. . |
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capitol improvement commission |
1 |
. |
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central r. r. co., Milwaukee |
, |
. |
3 |
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cheesemakers' association |
4 |
3 |
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cranberry growers' association, Cranmoo |
r |
1 |
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democratic state headquarters, Milwauke( |
3 1.. |
10 |
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farmers' institutes office |
1 |
. |
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fidelity trust & safe deposit co., Milwauke( |
3 |
1 |
|
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firemen's association, Jefferson |
, |
1 |
|
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free library commission'* |
84 |
185 |
|
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geological & natural history survey |
4 |
. |
|
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health board, Milwaukee |
2 |
. |
|
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horticultural society |
2 |
. |
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humane society, Milwaukee |
1 |
||
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industrial school for girls, Milwaukee |
. |
1 |
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insurance commission |
6 |
. |
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labor statistics bureau |
8 |
14 |
|
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medical society .... |
1 |
. |
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national guard .... |
. |
4 |
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pharmaceutical association, Chilton |
. |
2 |
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pharmacy board .... |
1 |
. |
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quartermaster general |
. |
2 |
|
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state ...... |
,12 |
. |
|
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state board of dental examiners |
> . . |
1 |
|
|
state board of control |
1 |
. |
|
|
state library* |
. |
397 |
168 |
♦Also unbound serials.
[84]
Gifts to Library
|
Givers |
Books |
Pam- phlets |
|
Wisconsin state normal school, Milwaukee |
3 |
|
|
state normal school, Oshkosh |
3 |
|
|
state normal school, River Falls |
1 |
|
|
state normal school, Stevens Point |
2 |
|
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state normal school, Superior |
5 |
|
|
state normal school, Whitewater |
1 |
|
|
state superintendent of public instruction |
14 |
|
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supervisor of inspectors of illuminating |
||
|
oils, Burlington ..... |
. |
1 |
|
university ...... |
2 |
. |
|
agricultural experiment station |
2 |
30 |
|
young men's christian association, Mil- |
||
|
waukee ...... |
, , |
1 |
|
Woburn (Mass.) city clerk .... |
1 |
. |
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Woman's christian temperance union, Evanston, 111. |
2 |
|
|
Woodburn, James A., Madison .... |
1 |
|
|
Worcester (Mass.) city clerk .... |
2 |
|
|
Worcester county (Mass.) law library |
. |
i |
|
Wright, A. G., Milwaukee |
195 |
. |
|
Wright, C. B. B., Milwaukee |
. |
1 |
|
Wright, David H., Madison |
. |
1 |
|
Wiirtemberg kommission fiir landesgeschichte |
1 |
|
|
Wyman, W. H., Omaha |
1 |
2 |
|
Wyoming agricultural experiment station, Laramie |
, |
4 |
|
Wyoming university, Laramie .... |
. |
1 |
|
Wyoming commemorative association, Wilkes Barre, |
||
|
Pa |
. |
1 |
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(Pa.) historical & geological society. |
||
|
Wilkes Barre |
1 |
• • |
|
Yale university. New Haven, Conn. |
1 |
3 |
|
Yonkers (N. Y.) mayor . . . . . |
1 |
. |
|
Young, Miss Amy,* Madison ..... |
2 |
4 |
|
Young churchman co., Milwaukee |
1 |
* Also unbound serials.
[85]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Miscellaneous Gifts
Bronze Bust
Mrs. John W. Cary, Neio York City. — Bronze bust by the sculptor Parks, of the late John W. Cary, early member of Wisconsin bar and general counsel of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co.
Manuscripts
Mrs. Mary D. Surge, Providence, R. I. — Original commission to James R. Doolittle, of Racine, as one of the revisers of the general laws of Wisconsin, issued by Gov. Coles Bashford, dated April 1, 1856; orig- inal petition to William H. Seward, secretary of state, of citizens of Milwaukee, Racine, and Kenosha, recommending George W. Barter, Esq., of First congressional district for appointment as consul to San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua, dated July, 1866; letter of George W. Barter and other data addressed to U. S. Senator James R. Doolittle, relating to the same matter, dated July 2, 1866; certified copy of petition to President Johnson, dated District of Nebraska, December, 1865, asking for the promotion of Maj. George M. O'Brien, of the Seventh Iowa cav- alry, by brevet, to the grades of lieutenant-colonel and brigadier-gen- eral; petition to the president, dated May 31, 1866, of state oflScers of Wisconsin and prominent citizens of Madison, asking that Frederick B. Huchting, of Madison, be appointed to consulship at Rotterdam or some other foreign position; action of common council of Madison, recommending Huchting to the president; certificate of Huchting's physician. Dr. S. Kramer; letter of Hon. Horace Rublee to Doolittle, recommending Huchting for appointment to position of consul in Ger- many or Holland, dated May 31, 1866; letter of George W. Barter, dated July 1, 1866, to Secretary Seward, making application for appointment as consul to San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua, with newspaper clippings and reports pasted thereon, and endorsed by Congressmen H. E. Paine, and Amasa Cobb, of Wisconisn; original letter from war department, dated February 13, 1866, to Doolittle, informing him of the nomination
[86]
Miscellaneous Gifts
of Maj. George M. O'Brien for brevet brigadier-general of volunteers, signed by James A. Hardie, inspector-general, U. S. A.
Miss Mary L. Cobb, Dorchester, Mass. — ^Letter written from Fort Craig, N. Mex., April 29, 1862, by A. S. Cobb, First lieutenant in Co. C, Colorado volunteers.
Dwight H. Kelton, Des Moines, Iowa. — Muster roll of troops serving at Fort Mackinac, Mich., June 30, 1812. As the fort was surrendered to the British July 17, 1812, this muster roll probably gives a correct list of the prisoners.
John T. Lee, Madison. — Autographs of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Gen. Henry Dearborn.
Miss Annie S. McLenegan, Beloit. — Parchment deed, dated September 25, 1761, whereby James Hamilton, lieutenant-governor of province of Pennsylvania, acting for Thomas and Richard Penn, proprietors thereof, conveys to Frederick Roughtson 175% acres of land in manor of Cones- toga, county of Lancaster, for the consideration of £24,7.
Charles M. Morris, Milwaukee. — One police pass, and two railway passes granted to Royal Phelps, August-September, 1862.
Duane Mowry, Milwaukee. — Biography of G«n. Eldwin E. Bryant, by donor.
Thomas Forsyth Nelson, Washington, D. C. — Prospectus of Madison Reporter, a Whig newspaper to be established at Madison, Wis., by George S. Meredith and H. O. Sholes; no date given, but circulated pos- sibly about 1840. The accompanying list of subscribers contains the signatures of many then prominent citizens of Wisconsin Territory.
Percival C. Peterson, Milwaukee. — Thirty-seven manuscript docu- ments dated from 1813-60, bearing upon the early history of the lower Fox River valley — among them, letters of and to Peter B. Grignon, Thomas L. Franks, John Lane, M. J. Meade, J. I. Mead, and Ramsay Crooks; seventeen manuscript documents relating to the military career of Charles Langlade, jr., 1763-1800; four pamphlets, three cir- culars, and two manuscript memoranda relating to the organization of a Union League council at Butte des Morts, in 1863; commission of Peter C. Peterson as postmaster at Butte des Morts, Wis., May 11, 1861, signed by Montgomery Blair, postmaster-general.
Frederick J. Turner, Madison. — Four letters collected by W. C. Bol- ton, a senior in the U. W. school of history, concerning the history of certain plank-roads in Wisconsin.
William F. Vilas. Madison. — The original manuscript letters of Grov- er Cleveland and T. A. Hendricks addressed to William F. Vilas, chair- man of notification committee, August, 1884, accepting the nominations respectively for president and vice president of tne United States, ten- dered by the national democratic convention, July, 1884.
-^ [ 87 ]
Wisconsin Historical Society
»
Purchased. — Transcripts of several letters of Col. John Hathorn to Gen. George Clinton, and other documents in the Emmet collection of manuscripts in the New York Public Library (Lenox Branch).
Photographs
Miss E. H. Blair, Madison. — Thirty-four of instructors, students, and buildings of Ripon College, 1871-74; of Blair homestead, Westfield, Mass.; of Marshall Fairservice, 1867; of home of Curtis Reed, Menasha, 1867.
Isaac 8. Bradley, Madison. — Of L. C. Draper.
W. 8. Crowther, Ripon. — Of building known as birthplace of Republi- can party, Ripon, taken about 1903.
Mrs. Mark, Curtis, Whitewater. — Enlarged photograph (framed), of her father, the late Jonas Foltz, member of Wisconsin state constitu- tional convention of 1847.
Mrs. Laura E. Howey, Helena, Mont. — Eleven views of interior of Montana Historical Library, Helena.
Elisha W. Keyes, Madison. — ^Enlarged photograph, treated with India ink, of Jehu H. Lewis, who was born in Ohio in 1809 and died at Madison, Wis., 1875; was U. S. marshal of Wisconsin during Buchan- an's administration, and took the federal census of Wisconsin in 1860.
Edward Kremers, Madison. — Two photographs of Baltimore, taken after the fire of February 8 and 9, 1904, by Prof. William Simon.
Duane Mowry, Milwaukee. — Of map showing Tampa and termini of the Plant system, taken in 1898; also partial view of West Tampa, Flor- ida, 1896.
J. P. Schumacher, Oreen Bay. — Of Indian earthenware kettle, found by donor on lot 2, sec. 13, range 22, town 25, Brown County. The open- ing is 15 in. across, the widest portion at centre 22 in., depth 20 in. and capacity two bushel ; it was in about 450 pieces when found.
R. G. Thwaites, Madison. — Of old scales in society's colonial kitchen; views of kitchen of John Hancock House, Lexington, Mass., two rooms in house of Concord Antiquarian Society, exterior and kitchen of Whip- ple House, Ipswich, Mass., built in 1650, restored and now (1903) used as a museum by Ipswich Historical Society; also seven photographs of Western scenery.
A. B. Weymouth, Lahaina, Hawaiian Islands. — Of village church of Cockington, Devonshire, England.
Oeorge Wilson, Washington, D. C. — Photograph of original miniature of Gen. Thomas Posey, lieutenant-governor of Kentucky, governor of Indiana, and U. S. senator from Louisiana, presented by his great* grandson, George Wilson.
[88]
Miscellaneous Gifts
Purchased. — Two of Lieutenant Albert M. Lea; of Jonathan Carver; of buckskin pouch, ornamented with porcupine quills, used by Charles Langlade in carrying his fur-trade papers; of silver-mounted pistols once owned by Charles Langlade, now in our museum; of page of Green Bay Intelligencer, vol. 1, no. 1, Dec. 11, 1833; three of colonial kitchen In our museum; of St. Croix Island, Passamaquoddy Bay, where Cham- plain, De Monts, etc., spent the winter of 1604-05, taken in 1904; of oil painting of "Braddock's Defeat," by Edwin Willard Deming, presented to the society by President McCormick; of George E. Bryant, Charles Harris, Charles H. Larrabee, L. P. Harvey, A. W. Randall, and T. O. Howe, all taken during the War of Secession.
Engravings, Lithographs, and Other Printed Matter
Miss E. H. Blair, Madison. — ^Woodcut of Molasses, an Abenaki woman.
Franklin Couch, Peekskill, N. T. — Old woodcuts of Southport and Mil- waukee.
Samuel A. Green, Boston. — Engraving of Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass.
Mrs. James A. Hays, Boise, Idaho. — Seventy-five mounted prints of various subjects.
A. E. Jones, 8. J., Montreal, Canada. — Half-tone print of relic (either an ostensorium or candle) from the ruins of Mission St. Louis, in Hu- ronia, from photograph of water-color sketch by Rev. F. Martin, S. J.; half-tone of silver bust of Father Br6beuf, Jesuit martyr in Huronia; also half-tone view of Ihonatiria, seat of Jesuit mission in Huronia, from recent photograph.
Henry E. Legler, Madison. — Colored lithograph of W. T. Harris.
Miss Cornelia Marvin, Madison. — New York Herald for April 15, 1865 (facsimile), containing account of President Lincoln's assassination.
Charles M. Morris, Milwaukee. — Letter of Invitation and platform ticket to public meeting to be addressed by Charles Sumner in New York City, November 27, 1861; also circular relative to testing of the Stevens Battery, dated Hoboken, N. J., December 19, 1861.
Oeorge B. Nicholson, Covington, Ky. — ^Three blue-print reproductions of maps of Lewis and Clark's trail over the Bitter Root Mountains, made by Mr. Nicholson, chief engineer of Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Railway.
Hideo Tanaka (U. W. student). — English spelling-book printed In Japan about 1850.
Miss Elizabeth Ticknor, Madison. — Copies of Massachusetts Spy, 1788, 11 nos.; 1789, 6 nos.; 1790, 1 no.; 1793, 24 nos.; 1794, 1 no.; and 1800, 1 no.
. [ S9 ]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Medals, Badges, Currency, etc.
Frederic K. Conover, Madison. — Facsimile of medal struck off by the Netherlands in commemoration of the recognition of the Independence of the United States by the province of Friesland, February 26, 1782.
M. E. Farrington, Watertown. — Badge of Wisconsin Agricultural So- ciety, 1851.
W. Frederick, National Military Home, Kansas. — Confederate $100 bill.
Percival C. Peterson, Milwaukee. — Three certificates of shares in Ne- vada Quartz Mill Company, 1864.
University of Wisconsin. — Bronze medal commemorating jubilee of the University of Wisconsin, June 5-9, 1904.
Ethnology and History
Mrs. Margaret A. Allen, Madison. — Old carpet bag.
Mrs. George 0. Carpenter, St. Louis. — Bayberry wax candle, made in Hingham, Mass.
Mrs. Frank W. Hoyt, Madison. — Keyboard of old American House, formerly occupying site of First National Bank, Madison. This hotel (erected in summer of 1838) was the scene of many important political events in our territorial history; and here, January 29, 1849, was held a meeting of several distinguished citizens of the new commonwealth "for the purpose of taking into consideration measures for forming a State Historical Society."
r. Koda, Madison. — Japanese flute (tanjaku).
Thomas B. Mills, Superior. — Mackintosh taken from person of Philip- pine leader, Aguinaldo, at the time of his capture, about 3 p. m. of March 23, 1901, in town of Palanan, Province of Isabella. In a letter transmitting the garment to Mr. Mills, Capt. Harry Newton, Thirty- fourth U. S. volunteer infantry, says: "Aguinaldo had it rolled and on him in the same manner that our soldiers carry their blanket rolls, as if he had hurriedly picked it up when the idea of escape came to him, after the fight began.
D. W. Osborn, Oshkosh. — Two copper bracelets exhumed by donor in 1903 from gravel pit on south shore of Lake Butte des Morts, some seven miles above Oshkosh, in connection with Indian remains.
J. C. Widstead, Alaska. — An Eskimo fish dish; commercial whalebone; a Lapp woman's needle bag and belt; an Eskimo's fishing rod; an Es- kimo drum; an Eskimo commercial bag. The foregoing articles came from Cape Prince of Wales.
[90]
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Miscellaneous Gifts
W. H. Young, Reedsburg. — Gun carried in Revolutionary War.
Purchased. — Malay hat, obtained at Misamis, Island of Mindanao, af- ter a skirmish (July 31, 1900), by H. C. Schulrud, Co. D, Fortieth U. S. volunteers; tobacco bolo, picked up on battlefield at Misamis, Island of Mindanao, July 31, 1900; Malay creese picked up on battlefield at Mt. Babatobato, Island of Luzon, February 27, 1900; straight bolo, picked up on battlefield of Jimenez, Island of Mindanao, May 2, 1900.
Curio
A. R. Hall, Knapp. — Curious growth of an elm tree, found by a wood- chopper near town of Knapp, January, 1904.
[91]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Periodicals and Newspapers cur- rently received at the Library
[Corrected to October 15, 1894]
Periodicals
Academy (w). London. Acadiensis (q). St. John, N. B. Advance Advocate (m). St. Louis. Alphi-Phi Quarterly. Syracuse, N. Y. American Anthropologist (q). New York.
Antiquarian (bi-m). Chicago.
Antiquarian Society Proceedings, Worcester, Mass.
Catholic Historical Researches (q). Philadelphia.
Catholic Historical Society Record (q). Philadelphia.
Catholic Quarterly Review. Philadelphia.
Economic Association, Publications (q). New York.
Economist (w). New York.
Federationist (m.) Washington.
Geographical Society, Bulletin (bi-m). New York.
Historical Magazine (q). Nashville.
Historical Review (q). New York,
Industries (m). New York.
Issue (m). Columbus.
Journal of Theology (q). Chicago.
Lumberman (w). Chicago.
Missionary (m). New York.
Monthly Magazine. Washington.
Philosophical Society. Proceedings. Philadelphia.
Pressman (m). St. Louis.
School Board Journal (m). Milwaukee.
Statistical Association, Publications (q). Boston.
Thresherman (m). Madison.
[92]
Periodicals Received
Annals of Iowa (q). Des Moines.
of St. Joseph (m). West De Pere.
Antiquary (m). London.
Arena (m). Boston.
Athenaeum (w). London'.
Atlanta (Ga.) Carnegie Library Bulletin (m).
Atlantic Monthly. Boston.
Baltimore & Ohio Ry., Relief Dept. Statement of Disbursements (m).
Berkshire Athenaeum, Quarterly Bulletin. Pittsfield, Mass.
Bible Society Record (m). New York.
Biblia (m). Meriden, Conn.
Bibliotheca Sacra (q). Oberlin.
Black and Red (m). Watertown.
Blacksmith's Journal (m). Chicago.
Blackwood's Magazine (m). Edinburgh.
Board of Trade Journal (m). Portland, Maine.
Bookman (m). New York.
Bookseller (m). Chicago.
Boston Ideas (w).
Public Library, Monthly Bulletin.
Brockton (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (q). Brookline (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (bi-m). Brooklyn (N. Y.) Public Library, Co-operative Bulletin (m). Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Journal (m). Cleveland. Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen's Magazine (m). Indianapolis. Browning's Magazine (m). Milwaukee.
Buenos Ayres (S. A.) Monthly Bulletin of Municipal Statistics. Bulletin (bi-m). Evansville.
(m). Nashville.
of Bibliography (q). Boston.
of National Metal Trades Association (m). Cincinnati.
Bureau of American Republics, Monthly Bulletin. Washington. By the Wayside (m). Milwaukee.
California State Library, Quarterly Bulletin. Sacramento.
Cambridge (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (m).
Camp Cleghorn Assembly Herald ( m ) . Waupaca.
Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic Journal (irreg). Montreal.
Bookseller (m). Toronto.
Magazine (m). Toronto.
Patent Office Record (m). Ottawa.
Car Worker (m). Chicago.
Carlisle (Pa.), J. Herman Bosler Memorial Library Bulletin (m).
193]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Carpenter (m), Indianapolis.
Catholic World (m). New York.
Century (m). New York.
Chamber's Journal (m). Edinburgh.
Charities (w). New York.
Chautauquan (m). Springfield, Ohio.
Chicago, Statistics of City of (bi-m).
Christian Register (w). Boston.
Church Building Quarterly. New York.
News (m). St. Louis.
Times (m). Milwaukee.
Cigarmakers' Ofiicial Journal (m). Chicago.
Cincinnati Public Library, Quarterly Bulletin.
Citizen (m). Harriman, Tenn.
Cleveland Terminal & Valley Ry. Co., Relief Dept. Statement of Re- ceipts and Disbursements (m),
Clinique (m). Chicago.
Coast Seamen's Journal (w). San Francisco.
College Chips (m). Decorah, Iowa.
College Days (m). Ripon.
Columbia University Quarterly. New York.
, Studies in Political Science. New York.
Commons (m). Chicago.
Comptes-Rendus de I'Athenee Louisianais (m). New Orleans.
Connecticut Magazine (m). Hartford.
Contemporary Review (m). London.
Co-operator (m). Burley, Washington.
Cosmopolitan (m). New York.
Country Life in America (m). New York.
Craftsman (m). New York.
Critic (m). New York.
Current Literature (m). New York.
Delta Upsilon Quarterly. New York.
Deutsch-Amerikanische Buchdrucker-Zeitung (si-m). Indianapolis.
Geschichtsblatter (q). Chicago.
Dial (si-m). Chicago.
Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette (m). New York.
Directory Bulletin (q). Milwaukee.
Dover (N. H.) Public Library Bulletin (tri-y).
Dublin Review (q). *
Dunn County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy Bulletin (q). Menomonie.
[94]
Periodicals Received
Eclectic Magazine (m). Boston.
Edinburgh Review (q),
Enoch Pratt Free Library Bulletin (q). Baltimore.
English Historical Review (q). London.
Era (m). Philadelphia.
Essex Antiquarian (q). Salem, Mass.
Institute Historical Collections (q). Salem, Mass.
Evangelical Episcopalian (m). Chicago. Evangeliets Sendebud (m). College View, Nebr. Evangelisk Luthersk Kirketidende (w). Decorah, Iowa. Evanston Public Library Bulletin (q).
Fairhaven, Mass., Millicent Library Bulletin (bi-m).
Fame (m). New York.
Fitchburg (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (bi-m).
Flaming Sword (w). Estero, Fla.
Forestry and Irrigation (m). Washington.
Fortnightly Review (m). London.
Forum (q). New York.
Free Russia (m). London.
Society (w). New York.
Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (w). Philadelphia.
Fruitman and Garden Guest (m). Mount Vernon, Iowa.
Genealogical Quarterly Magazine. Burlington, Vermont.
Gentleman's Magazine (m). London.
Gideon Quarterly. Madison.
Good Government (m). New York.
Granite Cutter's Journal (m). Quincy, Mass.
Monthly. Concord, Mass.
Grant Family Magazine (bi-m). Montclair, N. J.
Gulf States Historical Magazine (bi-m). Montgomery, Ala.
Hackensack, N. J., Johnson Public Library Bulletin (q).
Hammer and Pen (m). New York.
Harper's Magazine (m). New York.
Weekly. New York.
Hartford (Conn.) Seminary Record (q).
Harvard University Calendar (w). Cambridge, Mass.
Haverhill (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (q).
Helena (Mont.) Public Library Bulletin (si-y).
Helping Hand (m). Ashland.
Herald of Gospel Liberty (w). Dayton, O.
Hiram House Life (bi-m). Cleveland.
Historic Quarterly. Manchester, N. H.
[95]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Hoard's Dairyman (w). Fort Atkinson. Home Missionary (q). New York. — — Visitor (m). Chicago. House Beautiful (m). Cliicago. Hull House Bulletin, Chicago. Illustrated Events (m). Kilbourn, Wis. Illustrated London News (w). London.
Official Journal (Patents) (w). London,
Illustreret Familie- Journal (w). Minneapolis. Improvement Era (m). Salt Lake. Independept (w). New York.
Index Library (q). Birmingham, Eng.
Indiana Bulletin of Charities and Correction (q). Indianapolis.
International Good Templar (m). Milwaukee.
Quarterly. Burlington, Vermont.
Socialist Review (m). Chicago.
Wood-Worker (m). Chicago.
Iowa Journal of History and Politics (q). Iowa City.
Masonic Library, Quarterly Bulletin. Cedar Rapids.
Iron Molders' Journal (m). Cincinnati.
Irrigation Age (m). Chicago.
Jerseyman (q). Flemington, N. J.
Johns Hopkins University Circulars (m). Baltimore.
Journal of American Folk-Lore (q). Boston.
of Cincinnati Society of Natural History (q). Cincinnati.
of the Franklin Institute (m). Philadelphia.
of Political Economy (q). Chicago.
of Switchmen's Union (m). Buffalo.
of Zoophily (m). Philadelphia.
Kansas City (Mo.) Public Library Quarterly.
University Science Bulletin (bi-m). Lawrence.
Kentucky State Historical Society Register (q). Frankfort. Kingsley House Record (m). Pittsburg.
Knox Student (w). Galesburg, 111.
Kristelige Jalsmand (w). Chicago.
Lake Breeze (m). Sheboygan.
Lamp (m). New York.
Lancaster County (Pa.) Historical Society Papers (m). Lancaster.
Letters on Brewing (q). Milwaukee.
Lewis and Clark Journal (m). Portland, Ore.
Lewisiana (m). Guilford, Conn.
Liberia (bi-y). Washington.
[96]
Periodicals Received
Xiibrary (q). London.
Journal (m). New York.
Leaflet, Cincinnati Public LiDrary (m).
Record, Bulletin of Jersey City (N. J.) Public Library (bi-m).
Light (bi-m). La Crosse.
Literary Digest (w). New York.
News (m). New York.
Littell's Living Age (w). Boston.
Little Chronicle (w). Chicago.
Living Church (w). Milwaukee.
Los Angeles Saturday Post (m).
Lower Norfolk County Virginia Antiquary. Richmond.
Lucifer (w). Chicago.
Xiuther League Review (m). New York.
Lutheraneren (w). Minneapolis.
McClure's Magazine (m). New York.
Machinists' Monthly Journal. Washington, D. C.
Macmillan's Magazine (m). London.
Manchester (Eng.) Literary and Philosophical Society. Memoirs and Proceedings.
Manitoba Gazette (w). Winnipeg.
Marathon County, School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy. Bul- letin (q). Wausau.
Masonic Tidings (m). Milwaukee.
Mayflower Descendant (q). Boston.
Medford (Mass.) Historical Register (q).
Mercury (m). East Division High School, Milwaukee.
Methodist Review (bi-m). New York.
Michigan Dairy and Food Dept., Bulletin (m). Lansing.
Milton (Wis.) College Review (m).
Milwaukee Health Department Monthly Report.
Medical Journal (m).
Public Library, Quarterly Index of Additions.
Missionary Herald (m). Boston.
Monona Lake Quarterly. Madison.
Motor (m). Madison. '
Motorman and Conductor (m). Detroit.
Municipality (m). Madison.
Munsey's Magazine (m). New York. .
Mystic Worker (m). Piano, 111.
Nashua (N. H.) Public Library Quarterly , Bulletin.
Nation (w). New York.
[9n
Wisconsin Historical Society
National Assoc, of Wool Manufacturers, Bulletin (q). Boston.
Bulletin of Charities and Correction (q). Chicago.
Glass Budget (w). Pittsburg.
Review (m). London.
Nature Study (m). Manchester, N. H.
Nebraska Bulletin of Labor. Lincoln.
New Bedford (Mass.) Free Public Library, Monthly Bulletin.
New Century Path (w). Point Loma, Cal.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register (q). Boston.
Magazine (m). Boston.
New Hampshire Genealogical Record (q). Dover.
New Jersey Historical Society, Proceedings. Paterson.
New Philosophy (q). Lancaster, Pa.
New Shakespeareana (q). Westfield, N. J.
New York Dept. of Labor, Bulletin (q). New York.
Genealogical and Biographical Record (q). New York.
Public Library Bulletin (m). New York.
State, Department of Health, Bulletin (m). Albany.
■ Times Saturday Review (.w). New York,
Nineteenth Century (m). London.
Normal Advance (m). Oshkosh.
Pointer (m). Stevens Point.
North American Review (m). New York. North Carolina Booklet (m). Raleigh. Northwestern Miller (w). Minneapolis. Notes and Queries (m). London.
(m). Manchester, N. H.
Notre Dame Scholastic (w). Notre Dame, Ind. Nouvelle-France (m). Quebec.
Ohio Archasological and Historical Quarterly. Columbus. Ohio Bulletin of Charities and Corrections (q). Columbus.
Farmer (w). Cleveland.
Old Continental (bi-m). Des Moines.
"Old Northwest" Genealogical Quarterly. Columbus.
Open Court (m). Chicago.
Open Shelf. Cleveland Public Library (q).
Oregon Historical Society, Quarterly. Portland.
Osteopathic World (m). Minneapolis.
Osterhout Free Library Bulletin (m). Wilkes Barre, Pa.
Ottawa Campus (m). Ottawa.
Our Church Life (m). Madison.
Day (m). Chicago.
[ 5)8 ]
Periodicals Received
Our Young People (m). Milwaukee.
Out West (m). San Francisco.
Outing (m). New York.
Outlook (w). New York.
Overland Monthly. San Francisco.
Owl (q). Kewaunee.
Pattern Makers' Journal (m). New York.
Pasadena (Gal.) Public Library Bulletin (m).
Peabody Institute Library, Bulletin (q). Danvers, Mass.
Pennsylvania Magazine of History (q). Philadelphia.
Philadelphia Library Company, Quarterly Bulletin.
Philippine Islands, Official Gazette (m). Manila.
Philosopher (m). Wausau.
Pilgrim (m). Battle Creek, Mich.
Pittsburgh & Western Ry. Co., Relief Dept. Statement of Receipts and
Disbursements (m). Pittsburgh, Carnegie Library, Monthly Bulletin. Political Science Quarterly. Boston. Postal Record Monthly. Washington, D. C. Pratt Institute Free Library, Co-operative Bulletin (m). Brooklyn,
N. Y. Princeton Theological Review (q). Philadelphia. Providence (R. I.) Public Library, Quarterly Bulletin. Public (w). Chicago. Public Libraries (m). Chicago.
Opinion (w). New York.
Publishers' Circular and Booksellers' Record (w). London.
Weekly. New York.
Purdue Exponent (w). La Fayette, Ind.
Quarterly Review. New York.
Queen's Quarterly. Kingston, Ont.
Railroad Telegrapher (m). St. Louis.
Railway Conductor (m). Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature and Cumulative Index (m).
Minneapolis. R6cherches Historiques, Bulletin (m). Lgvis, Que. Record and Guide (w). New York. Records of the Past (m). Washington. Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist (q). London. Review of Reviews (m). New York. R6vue Canadienne (m). Montreal. Round Table (m). Beloit.
[99]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Royal Purple (m). Whitewater,
Ryerson Public Library Bulletin (q). Grand Rapids, Mich.
St. Andrew's Cross (m). Pittsburgh.
St. Louis Public Library Bulletin (m).
Salem (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (m).
San Francisco Public Library Bulletin (m).
School Bell Echoes (m,). Merrill.
Scottish Record Society (q). Edinburgh.
Scranton (Pa.) Public Library Bulletin (q).
Scribner's Magazine (m). New York.
Sewanee Review (q). Sewanee, Tenn.
Signs of the Times (w). Oakland, Cal.
Single Tax Review (q). New York.
Skandinavisk Farmer- Journal (m). Minneapolis.
Somerville (Mass.) Public Library Bulletin (m).
Sound Currency (q). New York.
South Atlantic Quarterly. Durham, N. C.
South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine (q). Charleston.
South Dakotan (m). Mitchell.
Southern History Association, Publications (bi-m). Washington.
Letter (m). Tuskegee.
• Missioner (m). Lawrenceville, Va.
Spirit of Missions (m). New York. Standard (w). Chicago. Stone-cutters' Journal (m). Washington. Sunset (m). San Francisco. Tailor (m). Bloomington, HI. Temperance Cause (m). Boston. Texas State Historical Association Quarterly. Austin. Times (w). London. Trade Union Chronicle (w). New York. Tradesman (si-m). Chattanooga, Tenn. Travellers' Railway Guide (m). New York. Trident (q). Baltimore. Typographical Journal (m). Indianapolis. Union Labor Advocate (m). Harvey, 111. Unionist (m). Green Bay.
U. S. Agriculture, Dept. of Climate and Crop Service. Wisconsin Sec- tion (w and m).
Crop Reporter (m).
Experiment Station, Record (m). '
Library Bulletin (m).
[ 100 ]
Periodicals Received
XJ. S. Monthly Weather Review.
Commerce and Labor, Dept. of. Monthly Summary of Commerce
and Finance.
Congressional Record.
Insular Affairs, Bureau of, Monthly Summary of Commerce of
the Philippine Islands.
Labor Dept. Bulletin (m).
Patent Office, Official Gazette (w),
State Dept. Consular Reports (m).
Supt. of Documents. Catalogue of U. S. Documents (m).
Treasury Dept. Public Health Reports (w).
University of Nebraska Studies (q)., Lincoln.
of Tennessee Record (q). Knoxville.
Vaccination (m). Terre Haute, Ind. Vanguard (m). Green Bay.
Vermont Antiquarian (q). Burlington.
Views (m). Washington.
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (q). Richmond.
Wage Earners' Self-Culture Clubs (m). St. Louis.
Worker (m). Detroit.
Weekly Bulletin of the Clothing Trade. New York.
Market Letter. New York.
West Virginia Historical Magazine (q). Charleston. Westminster Review (m). London. White Family Quarterly. Haverhill, Mass.
William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine. Williams- burg, Va. Wilmington Institute Free Library Bulletin (m). Wilson Bulletin (q). Oberlin. Wisconsin Alumni Magazine (m). Madison.
Archaeologist (q). Milwaukee.
Citizen (m). Brodhead.
Journal of Education (m). Madison.
Medical Journal (m). Milwaukee.
Medical Recorder (m). Janesville.
Natural History Society Bulletin (q). Milwaukee,
Presbyterian Review (bi-m). Appleton.
Woman's Tribune (si-m). Washington. World's Fair Bulletin (m). St. Louis.
Work (m). New York.
Yahara (m). Stoughton.
Young Churchman (w). Milwaukee.
8 [ 101 ]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Young Eagle (m). Sinsinawa. Zeitschrift fur Ethnology (si-m). Berlin.
Wisconsin Papers
Albany — Albany Vindicator.
Algoma — Algoma Record.
Alma — Buffalo County Journal.
Antigo — Antigo Herald; Antigo Republican; Weekly News Item.
Appleton — Appleton Crescent (d and w) ; Appleton Volksfreund; Appleton Weekly Post; Gegenwart; Montags-Blatt.
Arcadia — Arcadian; Leader.
Ashland — Ashland Press (d and w); Ashland News (d).
Augusta — Eagle.
Baldwin — Baldwin Bulletin.
Baraboo — Baraboo Republic; Sauk County Democrat.
Barron — Barron County Shield,
Bayfield — Bayfield County Press.
Beaver Dam — Beaver Dam Argus; Dodge County Citizen.
Belleville — Belleville Recorder.
Beloit — Beloit Free Press (d).
Benton — Benton Advocate.
Berlin — Berlin Weekly Journal.
Black Creek — Black Creek Times.
Black River Falls — Badger State Banner; Jackson County Journal.
Bloomer — Bloomer Advance.
Bloomington — Bloomington Record.
Boscobel — Boscobel Sentinel; Dial-Enterprise.
Brandon — Brandon Times.
Brodhead — ^Brodhead Independent; Brodhead Register; Wisconsin Citizen (m).
Brooklyn — Brooklyn News.
Burlington — Standard Democrat (German and English editions).
Cambria — Cambria News.
Cashton — Cashton Record.
Cassville — Cassville Index.
Cedarburg — Cedarburg News.
Centuria — Centuria Outlook.
Chetek — Chetek Alert.
Chilton — Chilton Times.
Chippewa Falls — Catholic Sentinel; Chippewa Times; Weekly Her- ald.
Clinton — Clinton Herald ; Rock County Banner.
[ 102 ]
Newspapers Received
Colby — Phonograph. ' '
Crandon — Forest Republican.
Cranmoor — Cranberry Grower (m).
Cumberland — Cumberland Advocate.
Dale — Dale Recorder.
Darli.xgton — Darlington Democrat; Republican- Journal.
De Forest — De Forest Times.
Delavan — Delavan Enterprise; Delavan Republican; Wisconsin Times.
De Pere — Brown County Democrat; De Pere News.
Dodgeville — Dodgeville Chronicle; Dodgeville Sun; Iowa County Re- public.
Durand — Entering Wedge; Pepin County Courier; Pepin County News and Pepin Star.
Eagle River — Vilas County News. ;
Eau Claire — Telegram (d and w) ; Weekly Leader. .'
Edgerton — Wisconsin Tobacco Reporter. J
Elkhorn — Blade; Elkhorn Independent. *
Ellsworth — Pierce County Herald.
Elroy — Elroy Tribune.
Evansville — Badger; Enterprise; Evansville Review; Tribune.
Fennimore — Fennimore Times. ,
Florence — Florence Mining News. ,
Fond du Lac — Commonwealth (d and s-w) ; Daily Reporter.
Fort Atkinson — Jefferson County Union.
Fountain City — Alma Blaetter; Buffalo County Republikaner.
Frederic — Frederic Star.
Friendship — Adams County Press.
Glenwood — Glenwood Tribune.
Cfrand Rapids — Wood County Reporter.
Orantsburg — Burnett County Sentinel; Journal of Burnett County.
Oreen Bay — Green Bay Advocate (d and w) ; Green Bay Review; Green Bay Semi-Weekly Gazette.
Greenwood — Greenwood Gleaner.
Hancock — ^Hancock News.
Hartford — Hartford Press.
Hudson — Hudson Star-Times; True Republican.
Hurley — ^Montreal River Miner.
iTKZependence-^Independence News Wave.
Janesville — Janesville Daily Gazette; Recorder and Times.
Jefferson — Jefferson Banner.
Juneau — Independent; Juneau Telephone.
Kaukauna — Kaukauna Sun; Kaukauna Times.
[ 103 ]
Wisconsin Historical Society
^ewos/ia— Kenosha Evening News (d); Kenosha Union; Telegraph- Courier.
Kewaunee — Kewaunee Enterprise; Kewaunsk§ Listy.
Ki Ibourn — M i rror-Gazette.
Knapp — Knapp News.
La Crosse — La Crosse Argus; La Crosse Chronicle (d and w) ; Her- old and Volksfreund; Nord-Stern; Nord-Stern Blatter; Volks-Post.
Ladysmith — Gates County Journal.
Lake Geneva — Herald.
Lake Mills — Lake Mills Leader.
Lake Nehagamon — ^Nebagamon Enterprise.
Lancaster — Grant County Herald; Weekly Teller.
Linden — Southwest Wisconsin.
Lodi — Lodi Valley News.
Madison — Amerika; Daily Cardinal; Madison Democrat (d); North- western Mail; Scandinavian American; State; Weekly Madisonian; Wisconsin Botschafter; Wisconsin Farmer; Wisconsin Staats-Zeitung; Wisconsin State Journal (d and w).
Manitowoc — Manitowoc Citizen; Manitowoc Daily Herald; Manito- woc Pilot; Manitowoc Post; Nord-Westen; Wahrheit.
Marinette — Forposten; Eagle-Star (d and w).
Marshfield — Marshfield Times.
Mauston — Juneau County Chronicle; Mauston Star.
Medford — Taylor County Star-News; Waldbote.
Menomonie — Dunn County News; Menomonie Times.
Merrill — Merrill Advocate; Wisconsin Thalbote.
Merrillan — ^Wisconsin Leader.
Middleton — Middleton Times-Herald.
Milton — Weekly Telephone.
Milwaukee — Acker und Gartenbau Zeitung (w); Catholic Citizen; Columbia; Evangelisch-Lutherische Gemeinde-Blatt (s-m); Evening Wisconsin (d); Excelsior; Germania (s-w); Germania und Abend Post (d); Kuryer Polski (d); Milwaukee Daily News; Milwaukee Free Press (d) ; Milwaukee Herald (s-w and d); Milwaukee Journal (d); Milwaukee Sentinel (d); Seebote (s-w); Social Democratic Herald; Vorwarts; Wahrheit; Wisconsin Banner und Volksfreund (s-w); Wis- consin Weekly Advocate.
Mineral Point — Iowa County Democrat; Mineral Point Tribune.
Minoqua — Minoqua Times.
Mondavi — Mondovi Herald.
Monroe — Journal-Gazette; Monroe Daily Journal; Monroe Evening Times; Monroe Sentinel.
[ 104 ]
Newspapers Received
Montello — Montello Express.
Mount Horeb — Mount Horeb Times.
Necedah — Necedah Republican.
Neenah — Friend and Guide.
Neillsville — Neillsville Times; Republican and Press.
New Lisbon — New Lisbon Times.
New London — Press; New London Republican.
New Richmond — Republican- Voice (s-w).
Oconomowoc — Oconomowoc Enterprise; Wisconsin Free Press.
Oconto — Oconto County Reporter.
Oconto Falls — Oconto Falls Herald.
t Omro — Omro Herald; Omro Journal.
Oregon — Oregon Observer.
Osceola — Osceola Sun.
Oshkosh — Daily Northwestern; Weekly Times; Wisconsin Telegraph.
Palmyra — Palmyra Enterprise.
Peshtigo — Peshtigo Times.
Phillips— Bee; Phillips TimeS.
Pittsville — Pittsville Times.
Plainfield — Sun.
Platteville — Grant County News; Grant County Witness.
Plymouth — Plymouth Reporter; Plymouth Review.
Portage — Portage Weekly Democrat ; Wisconsin State Register.
Port Washington — Port Washington Star; Port Washington Zeitung.
Poynette — Poynette Press.
Prairie du Chien — Courier; Crawford County Press; Prairie du Chien Union.
Prentice — Prentice Calumet.
Prescott — Prescott Tribune.
Princeton — Princeton Republic; Princeton Star.
Racine — Racine Correspondent; Racine Journal; Racine Daily Times; Slavic (s-w); Wisconsin Agriculturist.
Reedsburg — Reedsburg Free Press.
Rhinelander — ^Rhinelander Herald; Vindicator.
Rice Lake — Rice Lake Chronotype ; Rice Lake Leader.
Richland Center — Republican Observer; Richland Rustic.
Rio — Badger Blade; Columbia County Reporter.
Ripon — Ripon Commonwealth; Ripon Press.
River Falls — River Falls Journal.
8t. Croix Falls — Polk County Press; St. Croix Valley Standard.
Shawano — Volksbote-Wochenblatt.
Sheboygan — National Demokrat; Sheboygan Herald; Sheboygan Tel- egram (d); Sheboygan Zeitung.
[105]
Wisconsin Historical Society
Sheboygan Falls — Sheboygan County News.
Shell Lake — Shell Lake Watchman; Washburn County Register.
Shiocton — Shiocton News.
8hullsl>urg — Pick and Gad.
Soldiers Orove — Kickapoo Valley Journal.
Sparta — Monroe County Democrat; Sparta Herald.
Spring Green — Weekly Home News.
Stanley — Stanley Republican.
Stevens Point — Gazette; Stevens Point Journal.
Stoughton — Stoughton Courier; Stoughton Hub.
Sturgeon Bay — Advocate; Door County Democrat.
Sun Prairie — Sun Prairie Countryman; Weekly News.
Superior — Evening Telegram (d); Leader-Clarion; Superior Tidende.
Thorp — Thorp Courier.
Tomah — Tomah Journal.
Tomahawk — Tomahawk.
Trempealeau — Trempealeau Gazette; Trempealeau Herald*.
Two Rivers — Chronicle.
Union Grove — ^Union Grove Enterprise.
Yiola — Intelligencer.
Yiroqua — Vernon County Censor; Viroqua Republican.
'Washl)urn — Washburn Times.
Waterford — Waterford Post.
Waterloo — Waterloo Journal.
Watertown — Watertown Gazette; Watertown Republican; Watertown Weltbiirger.
Waukesha — Waukesha Dispatch; Waukesha Freeman; Waukesha Weekly Press.
Waupaca — ^Waupaca Post; Waupaca Record; Waupaca Republican.
Waupun — ^Waupun Leader.
Wausau — Central Wisconsin; Deutsche Pioneer; Wausau Pilot; Wau- sau Record (d and w).
Wautoma — Waushara Argus.
West Bend — Washington County Pilot ; West Bend News.
Weyauwega — Deutsche Chronik; Weyauwega Chronicle.
Whitevmter — ^Whitewater Gazette; Whitewater Register.
Wilmot — Agitator.
Wonewoc — Wonewoc Reporter.
Other Newspapers
Alabama. Birmingham — Labor Advocate.
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Alaska. Sitka — Alaskan.
Calitobnia.
Los Angeles — Common Sense; Los Angeles Socialist.
San Francisco — San Francisco Chronicle (d); San Francisco Tage- blatt.
COLOBADO.
Denver — Alliance; "Weekly Rocky Mountain News.
District of Columbia.
Washington — Washington Post (d).
Georgia. Atlanta — Atlanta Constitution.
Illinois.
Chicago — American Labor Union Journal (m); American Lumber- man; Bakers' Journal; Chicago-Posten ; Chicago Record-Herald (d); Chicago Socialist; Chicago Tribune (d) ; Chicagoer Arbeiter-Zeitung (d); Courrier-Canadien; Fackel; Folke-Vennen; Hemlandet; Peoples' Press; Skandinaven (d and s-w) ; Svenska Amerikanaren ; Vorbote.
Cfaleshurg — Galesburg Labor News.
Quincy — Quincy Labor News.
Indiana.
Indianapolis — Union; United Mine Workers Journal.
Iowa. Cedar Falls — Dannevirke. Decorah — Decorah-Posten ( s-w ) .
Kansas. Independence — Star and Kansan.
LoinsiANA. New Orleans — Times-Democrat (d).
Massachusetts.
Boston — Boston Transcript (d). Chroton — Groton Landmark. HolyoTce — Biene.
Michigan. Detroit — Herold. Marquette — Mining Journal.
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MmNESOTA.
Duluth — Labor World.
Minneapolis — Folkebladet; Minneapolis Journal (d); Minneapolis Tl- dende; Politiken; Ugebladet.
St. Paul — Minnesota Stats Tidning; Nordvesten; Pioneer Press (d); Twin City Guardian.
Winona — Westlicher Herold; Sonntags-Winona.
MiSSOUBI. I
8t. Louis — Arbeiter Zeltung; Labor; St. Louis Globe-Democrat (d).
Nebraska. Lincoln — Independent. Omaha — Danske Pioneer.
New York.
Buffalo — Arbeiter Zeitung.
New York — Arbetaren; Freiheit; Irish World; New York Tribune (d); New Yorker Volkszeitung (d); Vorwarts; Weekly People; Worker.
North Dakota. Orand Forks — Normanden.
Ohio. Cincinnati — Amer. Grange Bulletin; Brauer-Zeitung. Cleveland — Socialistische Arbeiter Zeitung; Cleveland Citizen.
Pennsylvania. Lancaster — Labor Leader Pittsburg — National Labor Tribune.
South Carolina. Charleston — Weekly News and Courier.
South Dakota. Sioux Falls — Fremad; Syd Dakota Ekko.
Utah.
Salt Lake City — Salt Lake Semi-Weekly Tribune; Deseret Evening News.
Washington. Home — Demonstrator. Parkland — Pacific Herold. Spokane — New Time; Spokane Record.
Canada. Montreal — Cultivateur; Gazette (d).
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Newspapers Received
Toronto — Daily Mail and Empire. Victoria — Semi-Weekly Colonist.
E??GLAND.
London — Labour Leader; Times (w).
Gebmany.
Frankfort — "Wochenblatt der Frankfurter Zeitung.
Tabular Summary of Foregoing Lists
Periodicals 39f
Wisconsin newspapers ........ 322
Other newspapers ......... 88
Total . • . . . .80*
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Wisconsin Necrology, 1904'
By Mary Stuart Foster, Library Assistant
Michael Adams, born at Western, New York, October 28, 1831; died at Columbus, "Wisconsin, December 24, 1903. Mr. Adams came to Wis- consin with his parents in 1840, first settling in Jefferson County. In 1845 they removed to Elba, Dodge County, where Mr. Adams lived until 1874, when he opened a real estate and insurance office in Columbus. He has filled many local public offices. In 1872, and again in 1883, he was elected a member of the assembly.
James Bennett, born August 26, 1829; died at Madison, Wisconsin, June 3, 1904. Captain Bennett came to Madison in 1848, and at the breaking out of the War of Secession he enlisted in Company A, Twenty- third Wisconsin infantry. He was wounded in 1863 and again in 1864, these wounds being ultimately the cause of his death. He was senior past-post-commander of the Lucius Fairchild post, said to be the oldest G. A. R. post in the United States. He was employed in the state capitol for several years, but later became crier of the United States court.
Michael J. Cantwell, born in Ireland in 1837; died at Madison, Wis- consin, December 1, 1903. Mr. Cantwell came to the United States in 1849, settling in Madison that same year, where he entered the print- ing office of Atwood & Buck, publishers of the Wisconsin Express. He remained with that firm until the establishment of the Wisconsin State Journal, in 1852, by Gen. David Atwood, in whose employ he continued until the outbreak of the War of Secession in 1861. Mr. Cantwell was one of the members of the military company known as the "Madison Guards," which organized in 1858, and was Madison's first military organization. The company tendered its services to Governor Randall on January 9, 1861, being the first organization whose services were accepted by the governor. Mr. Cantwell held the rank of first lieuten-
iFor the twelve months ending September 30, 1904.
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ant, when mustered out in 1864. On his return to Madison he estab- lished the present Cantwell printing house. He held many city ofllces, and was elected a member of the state assembly in 1886. He was iden- tified with several of the most important enterprises of the capital city.
Mrs. Jeanne C. (Smith) Carr, died at Templeton, California, Decem- ber 14, 1903. Mrs. Carr spent the early years of her life in Castleton, Vermont, and after her marriage with Ezra S. Carr, moved to Albany, New York, her husband holding the professorship of chemistry and pharmacy in the Albany Medical College. In 1855 Dr. and Mrs. Carr "moved to Wisconsin, the former being tendered a professorship in our State University. In 1866 they removed to California, and were among the earliest settlers at Pasadena. Mrs. Carr was interested in early California history and wrote extensively on the subject. Her home was an intellectual centre in southern California, and it was by her fireside that Helen Hunt Jackson wrote many pages of her masterpiece, Ramona.
Joseph Collie, born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, November 4, 1824; died at Williams Bay, Wisconsin, July 8, 1904. Dr. Collie came to America with his mother in 1836, locating in Kane County, Illinois, where they remained six years, and then removed to the lead region of Wisconsin, near Platteville. In 1845 he attended the Mineral Point Academy, and the following year entered Beloit Seminary, graduating from the regular college in 1851. Later he spent three years as a student in Andover Theological Seminary. In October, 1854, he became pastor of the Congregational church at Delavan, filling that position until his resignation in 1895. Dr. Collie was superintendent of schools in Delavan township for several years, and served as a member of the board of education until his removal to Williams Bay. He was one of the trustees of Beloit College, and always active in the religious interests of the community.
Charles De Groat, bom in Courtland, New York, April 3, 1838; died at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, August 15, 1904. Colonel De Groat came West in 1852, locating in Fond du Lac. At the outbreak of the War of Secession he enlisted in Company K of the First Wisconsin volunteer infantry, and at the end of the year returned to Fond du Lac, where he raised Company A of the Thirty-second Wisconsin, and was elected its captain. He served throughout the war, and before its close was made colonel of his regiment and brevetted brigadier-general for gal- lant and meritorious conduct. In 1890 Colonel De Groat moved to Salt Lake City, returning four years later to enter a manufacturing com-
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pany in Fond du Lac. He was a member of the Milwaukee com- mandery of the Loyal Legion.
Joseph Thompson Dodge, born at Barre, Vermont, May 16, 1823; died at Madison, Wisconsin, February 6, 1904. Mr. Dodge was edu- cated at the university of Vermont, and on taking his degree (1845), began work as a civil engineer on the Vermont Central Railway. From 1849 to 1852 he practiced his profession in and near St. Louis, in 1853 coming to Wisconsin, where he had charge of the construction of the railway from Stoughton to Madison; he also located and built the line from Janesville to Monroe. During 1867-68 he surveyed for the war department the battlefields of the Atlanta campaign. Mr. Dodge lo- cated and built many miles of railway in the Northwest, attaining high rank among the engineers of the country. He superintended the build- ing of the Yellowstone & Rocky Mountain division of the Northern Pacific, the Montana Central Railway, and many others. Retiring from professional work in 1887, he thereafter devoted his time to the com- piling and publishing of a genealogy of the Dodge family. Mr. Dodge obtained the degrees of master of arts and doctor of philosophy from Vermont University, was a member of the American Society of Civil •Engineers, and served as the first president and an honorary member of the Montana Society of Civil Engineers.
Edward W. Dwight, born at Catskill, New York, April 8, 1827; died in Oregon, Wisconsin, March 6, 1904. At the age of eighteen, Mr. Dwight went on a whaling cruise of a year's duration, and in 1847 came West and settled on a farm in Spring Prairie, Walworth County, Wisconsin. Some eight or nine years later he moved to the farm in the town of Oregon where he thereafter resided. In 1861 he was elected a member of the assembly, and took an active part in that his- toric session. After the War of Secession Mr. Dwight spent much of his time studying the questions of finance, and took a stand which re- sulted in his nomination as a federal elector from Wisconsin, on the Greenback ticket of 1880.
Elisha W. Edgerton, born at South Coventry, Connecticut, June 26, 1815; died at Milwaukee, April 15, 1904. Mr. Edgerton's early life was spent In Taburg, New York, as a farmer. In 1835 he came to Chicago, moving later in the year to Milwaukee, where he secured employment in Solomon Juneau's store. Shortly afterward he settled on a farm west of Milwaukee, living there, until in 1864, he returned to Milwau- kee and engaged in the grain commission business. This venture prov- ing unsuccessful, he accepted the position of superintendent of the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul stock yards, but at the end of ten years, re-
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signed to devote his time to the livestock commission business, which he carried on until he reached his eighty-fourth year. During his last remaining years he lived in the Protestant Home for the Aged. Much of Mr. Edgerton's life was spent among pioneers. He helped to sur- vey the Blue Mound road, under the direction of a commission of which Solomon Juneau was president; and in 1836 he, with Juneau and several others, made a trip of exploration along the Rock River valley for the purpose of locating and taking up town sites. Mr. Edger- ton was a member of the first constitutional convention of Wisconsin, and in 1863 served a term in the legislature.
John M. Ewing, born in Ohio, April 19, 1844; died at Sheboygan, Wisconsin, November 27, 1903. Mr. Ewing served in the navy during the War of Secession. Coming to Wisconsin in 1866, he at once entered actively into public life. He was assistant secretary of the Repub- lican state central committee under H. A. Taylor, in the Blaine cam- paign of 1884, and under Chairman H. C. Payne during the Harrison campaign of 1888, being made secretary in 1890. In 1894 he was again made secretary of the state central committee under H. C. Thom, when the state gave the largest Republican plurality in its history. Mr. Ewing was the chief special agent of the United States Department of the Interior for the World's Columbian Exposition, and had charge of the magnificent display made by that department. In this latter posi- tion he acquired a national reputation. Mr. Ewing was appointed chief clerk of the land office in Wisconsin, and later was made assistant sec- retary of state under Henry Casson. He served as sergeant-at-arms at several sessions of the Wisconsin legislature. In 1897 he was ap- pointed deputy auditor for the Navy Department and thenceforward made his residence in Washington.
Samuel C. Johnson, born in Kingston, Georgia, in 1842; died at Hudson, Wisconsin, October 16, 1903. Dr. Johnson received much of his early training as a physician in Kingston. He enlisted as a private soldier in the War of Secession in 1862, in Company I, Sixteenth Wis- consin infantry, and was made orderly, taking part in the battle of Shiloh, being immediately afterward promoted to the rank of sec- ond lieutenant. The following July he was appointed acting assist- ant adjutant general of his brigade, and later served with General Rosecrans's staff. He resigned, and after hastily completing his medical studies, was commissioned assistant surgeon in the United States navy, where he served until the close of the war. In 1865 Dr. Johnson settled in Hudson ^and began his life work as general practitioner; as the head of a sanitorium, his success was noteworthy. Dr. Johnson
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had been school commissioner, mayor, twice Democratic nominee for congress, president of the state board of health, and surgeon-general of the state.
Frederick Kraus, bom in Newhaus, Germany, December 23, 1843; died at Milwaukee, October 27, 1904. Mr. Kraus came to Wisconsin in 1849, locating in Jefferson County, where he received his early educa- tion. In 1858 he moved to Milwaukee, and became identified with the malting and milling interests of that city. He brought to this country the first pneumatic malting drums used in the United States, and organized a company for their manufacture. Mr. Kraus was associated with the largest grain firm in Milwaukee, and was an active member of the chamber of commerce. He served on the city council from 1872 to 1875, and was school commissioner from 1875 to 1877.
Delos S. Mills, born in the state of New York in 1817; died at Racine, May 1, 1004. Mr. Mills came to Wisconsin in 1840, taking up a claim in Yv'^alworth County. Later he was engaged as travelling sales- man by a manufacturer of fanning mills at Rochester, Wisconsin. In 1859 he opened a shoe store at Ripon, remaining there until 1863, when he went to Chicago. After the fire of 1871 he settled at Racine, and became state agent for the Case plow works. Mr. Mills was one of the citizens of Racine who in 1854 chartered a lake boat and went to Mil- waukee to demand the return of the kidnapped negro. Glover; after bringing Glover back to Racine, the rescuers furnished him with enough money to enable him to escape into Canada. After this inci- dent, Racine became one of the stations of the "Underground Railway."
Samuel Elbert Miner, born about 1815; died at Ridgeway, Missouri, June 26, 1904. Mr. Miner and his wife were among the early mission- aries sent to Wisconsin by the American Home Missionary Society. They reached Madison in 1844, where Mr. Miner was ordained as min- ister of the Congregational church. He began preaching in the old capitol, and led in the founding of the first church edifice in Madison, how occupied by the German Presbyterians on Webster street. Mr. Miner was chosen chaplain of the territorial convention ot 1844-45, which drafted the first state constitution. In 1846 he preached in Elk- horn, and eight years later removed to Wyocena. In 1858 became pastor of the First Congregational church in Monroe, where he later engaged in the lumber trade. He spent some years in Kansas, before moving to Missouri, where he died. Mr. Miner was early identified with the anti-slavery cause, and became an apostle of abolition, thus alienating many of his supporters.
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John L. Mitchell, born at Milwaukee, October 19, 1842; died at North Greenfield, Wisconsin, June 29, 1904. He acquired his early education in the public schools of Milwaukee, following this by a course in a military school at Hampton, Connecticut. He then went abroad, spending six years studying iu the universities at Geneva, Dresden, and Munich. On his return to America at the breaking out of the War of Secession, Mr. Mitchell at first entered the Twenty-fourth Wis- consin volunteer infantry, but in 1863 was detailed to the staff of General Rousseau. On his return to private life he took up the vocation of a farmer, and being a lover of horses, became one of the most promi- nent breeders of trotting stock in Wisconsin. It was not until 1872 that Mr. Mitchell became interested in politics, receiving the election that year, as a Democrat, to the state senate; he was re-elected in 1875, but refused the nomination for a third term. In 1888 he was selected as the Wisconsin member of the Democratic national committee, and in 1890 was elected as congressman from the Fourth district. While serv- ing his first term in the house of representatives he was made chairman of the democratic congressional committee, and conducted the cam- paign of 1892. In 1893 Mr. Mitchell was elected to the senate of the United States, and in 1896 was mentioned for vice president, receiving the support of the Wisconsin delegation. Upon retiring from the sen- ate in 1899, he went to Europe with his family, perfecting himself in French language and literature by a course at the University of Greno- ble. Returning in the autumn of 1902, Senator Mitchell took up his residence on his farm in North Greenfield. He was highly educated, fond of the arts, and while in public life was a man of wide influence. He undertook to awaken interest in scientific farming, and to that end established a short course in agriculture at the State University. He was a man of great wealth, and a patron of many public institutions of benevolence and learning.
Charles E. Morgan, born at New Haven, Connecticut, May 19, 1816; died at Madison May 20, 1904. He was engaged in the mercantile busi- ness in New York City and in western New York until 1854, when he came to Dane County, Wisconsin, travelling most of the distance by wagon. He settled on a farm west of Madison, and built on the shore of Lake Wingra what was known for years as the Spring Hotel. A brick yard was also established, being the first to be located near Mad- ison. In 1860, Mr. Morgan moved into Madison, where he re-entered the mercantile business, conducting a store until 1882. Being a pio- neer he was closely identified with the early development of the capital.
Frederick Pabst, born in Thuringen, Germany, March 28, 1836; died at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, January 1, 1904. Captain Pabst came to Mil-
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waukee, with his parents in 1848. Obtaining a place as cabin boy on one of the Goodrich steamers, he won his way by promotion, until at the age of twenty-one he was made captain of one of the lake boats. In 1862 he transferred all his interests to the brewing business, and built up the Pabst Brewing Company until it became probably the largest plant of its kind in the world. Captain Pabst was closely iden- tified with the business interests of Milwaukee, erected many fine build- ings there, chief among them being the Pabst theatre, and was noted for his generosity in public affairs.
James E. Patten, born at AUenville, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1832; died at Milwaukee, February 4, 1904. In 1846, Mr. Patton moved to Cincinnati with his parents, and after his graduation from the Herron Seminary in 1849, took a business course in a leading commercial col- lege in Cincinnati and engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1855, when he removed to Milwaukee, where he dealt in paints. Some years later the manufacture of paints was added to the business and the plant is now one of the largest in the country. Mr. Patton was much inter- ested in the betterment of the condition of his employees, and to this end established a number of clubs for their entertainment.
David S. Ordway, born at Parishville, New York, August 16, 1826; died at Milwaukee, September 20, 1904. Mr. Ordway came West with his parents in 1838, settling in Waukesha. After receiving a common school education he prepared for and was admitted to the bar, and for a time resided in Beaver Dam, practicing law in Dodge County. During the War of Secession he served as quartermaster of the Fifty-first Wis- consin volunteer infantry. In 1865 Mr. Ordway moved to Milwaukee, where he continued the practice of his profession. He was also inter- ested in the flour milling business, and took an active part in Wiscon- sin politics.
James W. Seaton, born at New Hartford, New York, May 24, 1824, died at Potosi, Wisconsin, February 11, 1904. Mr. Seaton studied law at Rome, New York, and came to Wisconsin in 1847, settling at Potosi, where he practiced his profession. In 1851-52 he published the Potosi Republican, and taking an active part in public affairs, was elected a member of the state senate in 1853. He was a member of the assem- bly for two terms (1859-60).
Henry W. Tenney, born on Grande Isle, in Lake Champlain, Ver- mont, January 2, 1822; died at Appleton, Wisconsin, October 26, 1904. In 1835, Mr. Tenney moved with his parents to La Porte, Ohio, and entered a printing office at Elyria. He prepared himself for college
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gy
without aid or instruction, and entered Burlington College, Vermont, in 1840. In 1845, with his brother, Horace A. Tenney, he removed to Galena, Illinois, where they commenced the publication of the Jeffer- aonian. Owing to a severe epidemic of fever and ague, the publication of the paper was suspended, and in 1847 Mr. Tenney removed to Madi- son, where he reported the proceedings of the constitutional conven- tion. He was for a short time connected with the Argus, his brother, Maj. H. A. Tenney, being one of the proprietors. He then removed to Milwaukee, and studied law with the late Judge Levi Hubbell, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. In 1854 he moved to Portage, in 1860 re- turning to Madison, where he entered into partnership with his brother under the firm name of H. W. and D. K. Tenney. In the spring of 1870 he v/ent to Chicago with his brother, D. K. Tenney, and remained in active practice of his profession until 1879, when he retired, and located at Appleton.
Joseph H. Turner, born at Scriba, Oswego County, New York; died at Berlin, Wisconsin, May 22, 1904. At the age of twenty-one, Dr. Tur- ner commenced the study of medicine, receiving his diploma (1845) from the Albany Medical College. He then came West, settling in Wau- kesha, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in his profession until failing health forced him to abandon his practice. He moved to Berlin in 1854, where he resided until his death. In the summer of 1863 he was ajH pointed assistant surgeon of the First Wisconsin cavalry, but was obliged to resign his commission, owing to illness, and thereafter was in the insurance business, representing the same company for forty-one years.
Otto Zwietusch, bom in Germany in 1832; died at Milwaukee, Octo- ber 27, 1904. He came to Milwaukee in 1856, and two years later estab- lished what is now the Otto Zwietusch Company, manufacturers of soda water apparatus. He had a decided genius for invention and turned it to practical account in devising much machinery for facilitating his work. At the time of his death L.e had sixty patents on machinery used in his business. Mr. Zwietusch was a prominent member of the Turnverein.
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John Johnston
By William Ward Wight^
The farm known as Mill of Fortrie, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, is of peculiar interest to the membership of this so- ciety. Ilere lived, early in the last century, John Mitchell and Margaret Lendrum his wife, the ancestors of two men who for a total of almost eighteen years were presidents of the State His- torical Society of Wisconsin, Of the elder and earlier of these two, Alexander Mitchell, a vigorous and facile pen has already preserved the record.^ Of the younger and later, his nephew, John Johnston,, with loving willingness T speak.
The eldest of the thirteen children of John and Margaret Was also named Margaret. By the death of her mother, while several of the brood were young, the daughter Margaret be- came the foster parent of the infant offspring, including Alexander. However, when. Margaret Mitchell Was about thirty years of age, she married George Johnston of the neigh- boring farm of Overton (or Overtown).
Overton had been held since 1749 by George Johnston, his father Williara,, and the latter's father John, as tenants under
1 Address delivered before the society at 52nd annual meeting, Octo- ber 27, 1904.
2 Butler, "Alexander Mitchell, the financier," Wis. Hist. Soc. Proceed- ings, 35? p. 45.
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the earls of Aherdeor). Overton, when onr president T\'as bom, was a farmi of a hundred and sixty acres, some twenty miles almost north of the city of Aberdeen. The post office for this fanni was at a hamlet two miles removed, named Auchnagatt. The farm and hamlet werfe situated in the parish or township of i^ew Deei', a portion of the district of Bnchan, which forms the central area of the roomy shire of Aberdeen.
Upon this farm our friend John Johnston was bom on the eighth day of June, 1836. The entry of his baptism in the register of the parish of ^ew Deer, now to be seen in the Reg- i<ter House, Edinburgh, runs thus:
1836 19th June Greorge Johnston in Overtown of Auchnagatt had a son brought forth 8th curt, by his wife Margaret Mitchel baptized named John. Wit- nesses John Mitchel and Mr. James Mair.i
' the day after John became six years of age, June 9, 1842, his education began under his uncle, the Kev. James Mair, in the parochial school at Savoch, also a hamlet in Xew Deer, about a mile from his home. During the pauses of acquiring knowledge he herded cattle on the ancestral fann — a .weary task to this ambitious boy, whose only com- panion to share his busy thoughts was his steadfast friend, his dog. Yet tlie ideas and reflections of those budding days never deserted this herd-laddie, and they have burst forth into instructive expression before many a Wisconsin audience.^ When he was twelve years of age he was placed in the old gramni'ar school in Aberdeen, founded in 1418. In 1851,
iJohn Mitchel was the child's maternal grandfather; James Mair was the Rev. James Mair, M. A., the husband of George Johnston's sis- ter. Christian Johnston. These last were the parents of the very Rev. William Mair, moderator in 1897 of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and author, among other works, of Digest of Church Laws.
2 Among other addresses, see "Farming in Scotland, in the days of our grandfathers," read before the Wisconsin farmers' institute held in Janesville, March 8-10, 1898, and printed in Bulletin No. 12, p. 194.
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when fifteen years of age, he won the bursary or scholarship of £15 per year, in the open competition in Latin, Greek, and Mathomaties, which formed the examination for admission into Marischal College. From this institution he giraduated with, honors and with the de^ee of master of arts, in 1855. That his college did not consider him an im.worthy son is evident from the fact that its successor, the University of Aberdeen,^ accredited him as its representative at the celebra- tion, in 1904, of the jubilee of the University o.f Wisconsin..
For a few months after graduation Mr. Johnston read law in the office of Sir Alexander Anderson, in Aberdeen. But an invitation to remove to the United States soon reached him from his uncle Alexander Mitchell, who bad removed to Mil- waulcee in 1839, and who in 1856 was president of the Wis- consin Marine and Fire Insurance Company Bank in that city.^ This invitation involving as it did the assistance and care of his prosperous uncle, he decided to ax3cepit But his first essay to migrate was a failure. The vessel upon which he intended to embark he missed — a fortunate miss for him and for us, for this vessel foundered off the coast of l!^ew- foundland, and all on board were lost.
He arrived in Milwaukee on the tenth of March, 1856. On the next day he became a clerk and accountant in his uncle's bank, who^se office then was, as its successor's is now, at the southeast corner of East Water and Michigan Streets. Mr. Johnston resided at first at his uncle's home, which was then, and continued to be until his death, on the west side of l^inth street, between Spring and Wells streets.^ As clerk and acoountanit, as book-keeper, as assistant cashier, as cashier, and as vice-president, Mr. Johnston remained in the service of this
iln 1855 there were two colleges in Aberdeen, Marischal and King's. These, soon after, united as the University of Aberdeen.
2 See, concerning this bank, Butler, "Alexander Mitchell, the finan- cier," ut supra: "Wight, "Early legislation concerning Wisconsin banks," 'Wis. Hist. Soc. Proceedings. 43, p. 145.
3 Spring street became Grand avenue about 1877.
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bank continuously for forty-eight years, until his death. When he first entered Milwaukee it had a population of fewer than forty thousand souls ; he saw it grow, he grew with it, nay more he materially assisted it to grow until, a bustling metropolis of more than three hundred thousand people, it paused a moment to mourn his death.
After an absence of five years from his native land, IVfr. Johnston returned thither for his wife. In 1861 he was mar- ried by the Rev. John Hunter, the minister of the United Presbyterian Church at Savoch, to the latter's daughter, Mar- garet Clapperton Hunter. Of several children of this mar- riage but one, a daughter, Edith, reached maturity. She is the wife of Alexander Cruicksbank of Lochengair, Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, Scotland, and is the mother of tWo children. Mrs. Johnston died in Milwaukee June 16, 1880.
S^'O-on after his return to Milwaukee vnth his bride, Mr. Johnston took up his residence in the Second Ward, at the northeast comer of Twelfth and Tamarack streets.^ Here the family lived until, in the spring of 1873, Mr. Johnston re- moved to his spacious home in the Fourth ward, at Xo. 1130 Spring street.
The War of Secession, which was beginning as Mr. John- ftoTi was returning from Scotland, found him a Republican in politics, and a staunch supporter of the federal government;. He had voted for Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860, he voted for him again in 1864. Bui he opposed the policy of reconstruction advocated by his party at the close of the war, dissenting in company with William H. Seward, William P. Fessenden, Lyman Trumbull, Charles Francis Adams, and other such ,men. He became and continued a Democrat, but bore the party yoke loosely. Opposed to the financial policy of the Democrats in 1896, he voted in that year for William McKinley for president, and repeated his condemnation of un- sound money in 1900.
1 Tamarack street became State street about 1868.
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His own experience in elective political positions was not extensive. He served as alderman from the Second ward, in the common council of Milwaukee for one term, beginning April 16, 1867. Upon removal into the Fourth ward, he was ureed to become a Reform candidate for alderm'an, but de- clined to be considered unless the Republicans would nominate his friend Henrj H. West, a public-spirited citizen. This being done^ Mr. Johnston stood for the office. Both w^ere elected, Mr, Johnston receiving every vote cast in the ward, 1168. He served for one term, beginning April 28, 1874. In 1879 he was a (candidate on the Democratic ticket for the senate of Wisconsin, but the district was Republican, and his opponent of exceptional popularity, and Mr. Johnston went down with his ticket. He was never again in the field for a political office. Yet he was always interested in public ques- tions, formed enlightened opinions, and expressed them, Avith freedom and intelligence. During the "Greenback craze," so called, in and about 1878, he delivered an address fupon the currency before the w^orking-men of Bay View, Milwaukee, wiiich the Honest Money League of Wisconsin printed, and of which they distributed two hundred thousand copies.
Mr. Johnston brought with him from Scotland, a strong infusion of John Knox; it had been born with hinii. He be- came, soon !after his arrival, a member of the l^orth Presby- terian church, which until abc^ut 1870 was situated |on the nortliwest comer of Milwaukee and Martin streets. Hb was elected a trustee and secretary of tliis congregation in May, 1858 and held both positions until he resigned them April 29, 1869. He participated (March 30, 1869) in the establish- ment of Calvary Presbyterian church, the edifice of which was buill', and still stands, on the southwest corner of Spring and Tenth streets. He was the first ruling elder of that church, elected by ballot December 4, 1869, and served until he de- clined further election (December 8, 1875). He Was a trustee of the same church from its first meeting (March 30, 1869) until his death.
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Mr. Johnston became a member of the Young Men's Christ- v?n Association of Milwaukee in 1858, continued with it tl-rfViifrh its many vicissitudes, and liberally assisted with his money and brain in the construction (about 1886) of its pres- ent commodious building, Xos. 145-149 Fourth street.
In addition to being a constant attendant upon church ser- vices, Mr. Johnston was a diligent student of the scriptures — not alone as a guide of life, or as a history of primitive ages, but also because his refined taste rejoiced in the dignity and eloquence of biblical expression. How often., as I have walked •with him to and from business, have I heard him break forth into the l^eauties of a Davidic psalm or into the sonorous periods of Malachi or Isaiah! In 189 G he delivered "before the class in biblical literature of the Milwaukee College Endow- ment Association, an address upon a subject very congenial to his mind, ^'Sublimity of language as illustrated in the Bible."
But a creed was not all that John Johnston imported with him from Scotland. He brought ae^ well an ardent love for ath- letic sports, and a tender memory of his native land. Quoit- ing, bowling, curling, and rifle shooting were his favorite amusements, and he was very forward in popularizing them in Wisconsin. He was always ready at picnics of the Saint Andrew's Society to contest at quoits with his countrymen. He did more, doubtless, than any person in Milwaukee for the propagation of ten-pins. At liis house on Grand Avenue were fully-equipped alleys where frequent bowling occurred, where the rigour of the game was obsen^ed and where scores were carefully and systematically calculated. Mr. Johnston was one of the foimders (about 1860) of the Milwaukee Curl- ing Club. He was for three terms president of this club, for two terms president of the Northwestern Curling Association, and from 1877 to 1879 president of the Grand National Curl- ing Club of America. He was one of the four players to win (February 19, 1881) for the Milwaukee club, the curl- ing championship of America. No player ever skipped his rink with more skill and zeal than John; and as the cunning
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blocks skimmed along the ice, the old Scotch words leaped to his lips, his broom flew into the air, his bonnet followed after — his enthusiasmi brought his team the frequent victory. He was three times president of the Milwaukee Rifle Club, and in the sport of that club his reputation became intematianal. While visiting Scotland in June, 1878, he won the champion- ship in long-range rifle shooting at the Wapinschaw at Aber- deen, defeating all comers at 800, 900, and 1000 yards. During the following July he gained several prizes at the Wimbledon ranges, in England. Activities such as these filled his hours of recreation until he was long past sixty years of age. It was sad toi see him- lop off his amusements, to ob- serve himi chafe at the limitations that confined him to \he carriage and the easy chair; it was pathetic to hear him ex- claim, "I'm an old man now I"
He brought with him from Scotland, I have said, a tender memory of his native land. l\o compliment pleased him more than to be told that his accent betrayed the Scotchman* He kept closely in touch with the homeland. Papers fromi Scotland lay about his desk. He read at a supper of the Saint Andrew's Society in 1886 a paper on "Our QMither tongue," which was printed and widely read. Of the Slaint Andrew's Society, devoted to the memories of the home land, he was one of the original members (January 1859). Ho was frequently an officer of this body, was three times its pres- ident, and held that office when, the society was incorporated (March 23, 1871).^ He never omitted the picnics of that society; more than, once in the earlier days> when his limibe were supple, have I seen him dance the ghille callum^ to the delight of his applauding countrymen. His ear was always open to the tale of distress fromi any Scot) and substantial aid was never withheld.
1 Private and local laws of Wisconsin, 1871, chapter 439. The origin of the Society grew out of the celebration of the centenary of the birth of Robert Burns, which centenary was on January 25, 1859.
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Mr. Johnston's interest in education and in literature was the necessary result of his own cultivated mind. When he was a resident of the Second ward of Milwaukee he was a member of the Committee appointed by the mayor under the provisions of chapter 252 of the private and local laws of 1867, to visit, inspect, and report upon the high school. In 1883 he represented the Fourth ward upon the school board. Hje was a trustee of Carroll College, Waukesha, from 1875 to 1879 and from 1890 until his death. He was a trustee of Milwaukee College and of its successor, Milwaukee- Downer College, from February 1874 until his death, and during almost the entire thirty years he was either the treas- urer or the president. One of its dormitories, now named Johnston Hall, will perpetuate — if this be necessary — 'his name. He was a mem;ber of the board of regents of the Uni- versity of Wisconsin from' 1892 until 1900, and president of the board from 1897 until 1899. The university honored him with the degree of doctor of laws, at the commencement of 1903.
In the early years he was a supporter and officer of the Young Men's Association, which in 1878 blossomed into the Milwaukee Public Library. Of the latter he was a trustee from its organization (May 12, 1878) until 1881 and from 1891 until 1898. He was the chairman of its board of trustees during the period while its new magnificent building was construct- ing, and in 1897 was chairman of the joint board of the library and Public Museum. He was one of the earliest members of the Fortnightly Club in Milwaukee, and attended a meeting of that society held June 15, 1875, when Elisha Gray first experimented with the telephone in Wisconsin. Mr. John- ston was a corresponding member of the Parkman Club of Milwaukee, and was an interested listener to the papers read by its members. He belonged to the Milwaukee Literary School, before which he delivered the address on August 23, 1886. He was an organizing member in 1893 of the Phan- tom Club, at whose annual outings on the edge of one of Wau-
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kesha's lakes he renewed his youth with congenial friends in lighter literary treats. He recalled the days of his boyhood by becoming a life meraber of the State Agricultural Society of Wisconsin, and to the advancement of its interests his pen was always devoted. He was the president of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin from January 2, 1890 until its meeting on December 12, 1901 when he declined re-eleo- tion ; he was a curator until his death. During his pofesi- dency this stately building arose, and his address at its dedi- cation ehxibits the pride he felt in the completed structure.
!N^or should it be for a luoment supposed that these matters compassed John Johnston's activities. The versatility of his talents, the confidence reposed in him by his fellows, are evident from other positifms occupied by him. He was one of the men. who discovered and developed the immense and now famous beds of cement adjoining the city of Milwaukee, and he was treasurer of the Milwaukee Cement Company from the spring of 1875 until his death. Hje was a member of the Chamber of Commerce of Milwaukee from 1865 until his death, was elected its vice-president in April 1873, April 1883, and April 1884, and its president in 1885 and with- out opposition in 1886. Upon his installation, as president he delivered addresses which are preserved in print. At several sessions of the jS'ational Board of Trade, and at other gatherings of Milwaukee's business men, Mr. Johnston, repre- sented the Chamber of Commerce, always with marked ability and to the credit of the chamber. He was president for sev- eral terms of the Bankers' Club of Milwaukee, vice-president of the Wisconsin Bankers' Association from July, 1897 to October, 1898, and from August, 1900 to August, 1902, and was elected in October, 1900 for tw'o years a member of the executive council of the American Bankers' association. By appointment of the mayor of Milwaukee he served as commis- sioner of the public debt of Milwaukee from May 23, 1887 until his voluntary resignation August 21, 1893 ; he was a director of the Milwaukee City Riailway Company [until Octo-
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ber, 1887 ; was a director in. 1882 of the Milwaukee Indus- trial Exposition Association; was a director of the Xorthwest- em Xational.Fire Insurance Company froni July 3, 1893 to July 6, 1896 and from July 6, 1908 until his death; he was elected a trustee of the Xorthwestem Mutual Life Insurance Company June 15, 1891, resigned in 1893, was re-elected April 21, 1897 and served until his death. He was placed upon the executive and finance committees of this Company, July 21, 1897. What his fellow trustees of this company state, concerning his services to it, in their resolutions at his death, all who knew Mr. Johnston will endorse: ''He ren- dered these services walh the energy-, devotion, and high intell- igence which he was wont to give to levery duty tliat fell to his hands." And to this it may be added, that whenever the services of Mr. Johnston for any enterprise ended, it was not because his fellows were weary of him or desired his removal, but because there was a limit to the time, energy and endur- ance of even John. Johnston.
That he was a man of kindly disposition appears from this, il'fit when there was danger of the City Emergency Hospital being discontinued, he donated a valuable and very central site for hospital purposes at Xos. 318, 320 Sycamore street, the building being thenceforth known as Johnston Emergency Hospital. Morer>ver, he was vice-president of the Wisconsin Himiane Society, was auditor for seven, years and until its dissolution in 1902 of the Wisconsin Training School for jSTurses; and after the disastrous fire October 28, 1892, in the Third ward of Milwaukee, he was one of the committee appointed to provide quarters for homeless families. Upon his last visit to Scotland in 1903 Mr. Johnston was the almoner of his deceased friend, Robert. Allan of Milwaukee in, convey- ing a legacy of about eleven thousand dollars to the poor of Mr. Allan's native parish of Dundonald, in Ayrshire.
If to all these activities, many of them contemporaneous, there is added that Mr. Johnston became a free mason about 1866, and had reached the thirty-second degree, a fairly com-
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plete map has been prepared of a very bustling and "useful life.
Some miore explicit references to his relations with the Wis- consin Marine and Fire Insurance Company Bank are nec- essary. About the year 1866 he became assistant cashier of that institution and he was so acting in 1880, David Fergu- son^ being the cashier. Early in 1880 Alexander Mitchell, who was virtually if not actually the owner of the entire bank, determined that its credit should be strengthened by ih& legal infusion into it of his entire personal credit and respon- sibility. He therefore sought from the legislature of Wiscon- sin the enactment of a law theni in force in Siootland, and which had been of salutary service to the depositors of the then recently collapsed City of Glasgow Bank. This law'^ was passed by the legislature of Wisconsin and went into effect March 10, 1880. It provides for the individual responsibil- ity of stockholders in a bank for all its debts, demands, and liabilities, present and future, upon their filing with the state treasurer a declaration consenting to be thus holden. Such responsibility continues even after transfer of their entire stock, unless a memorandum of such transfer is also filed; and event then, such responsibility holds good for all debts and demands created or incurred during six months after the filing of the transfer memorandumi.
Soon after the passage of this law the Wisconsin Marin© and Fire Insurance Company Bank was re-organized under the provisions of chapter 94 of the Revised Statutes of 1878; this was on July 1, 1880. The capital stock was fij^ed at a hundred thousand dollars, divided into a thousand shares of one hundred dollars each. The new corporation was to begin July 5, 1880 and continue until July 6, 1900. Mr. Mitchell had nine hundred and ninety-eight shares and Mr. Ferguson and Mr. Johnston one share each. It appears, how'ever, that
1 David Ferguson died in Milwaukee, December 1, 1904. He was born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, February 26, 1821, settling in Milwaukee in 1842.
2 Chapter 223, laws of 1880; Revised Statutes of 1898, sections 2023o, 2023&. . [ 128 ]
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even these two shares came into the ownership of Mr. Mitchell, for bj the terms of his will made N^ovember 20, 1886, he be- queathed three hundred and thirty-three shares of the stock of the bank to each of three persons — David Ferguson, John Johnh ston, and John L. Mitchell his son, and one share to all three of them jointly. At the death of Alexander Mitchell (April 19, 1887), the declarations lof all Ibese stockholders consenting to be individually liable as set forth in above named law, were on file with the state treasurer.
By the changes that followed the death of Alexander" ^Mitchell, John L. Mitchell became president, David Ferguson vice-presi- dent, and John Johnston cashier, on June 27, 1887. Mr. Johnston continued as cashier until, early in January 1893, having acquired a competence and desiring rest, he arranged for the sale of his stock. On January 10, 1893, he resigned aa cashier, having sold or contracted to sell, his stock to John L. Mitchell. Yet it was stipulated that Mr. Johnston should re- main in the bank until the ensuing LCsTovember — he, however, not ]X)Ssessing the authority to direct or control, which pertains to actual official position.
Meanwhile (July 25, 1893), the bank, with its assets de- pressed and temporarily immarketable, closed its doors. The declaration of Mr. Johnston being on file as above stated, and his wholesale liability thus fixed, he made an assignment on August 8, 1893, of all his estate, some six hundred thousand dollars in amount, to Irving M. Bean, of Milwaukee, to the end that even justice might be done to all his creditors and that his property m.iglit not be dissipated in litigation. After much ne- gotiation among the stockholders, ninning over many months, an arrangement was iperfected by which the bank was to re- sume, to pay all its debts in installments running through one, two, and three years and to release the stockholders who had filed declarations. But this release, so far as Mr. Johnston was concerned, was purchased by the surrender of probably five-sixths of his entire estate, while Mr, Mitchell made even greater sacrifice from his private fortune.
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Tlie arrangement was satisfactory upon all sides, Mr. Johnr ston's assignee was discharged and thei remainder of M!r. Johnr ston's estate restored to him on January 13, 1894 ; tlie bank re- sunned operations two days later and, as the event showed, an- ticipated the payment of its liabilities.
But the ease which Mr. Johnston coveted was not to be hia Again he put himself iiito the harness to recover the ground ihfi had lost. The former stockholders, and the new ones who joined it upon its reliabilitation, summoned him again to the cashiership. He continued in this office until on June 2, 1900, the twenty years of its life having expired, the old bank became the Marine ^National Bank. Of this he was vice-president until his death.
Yet with all his activities Mr. Johnston was a domiestio miaiL He was fond of his home. He was proud of his library. Oin September 1, 1881, he married Ethelinda Marie Thorsen, and they had two children, Hilda and John Thorsen Johnston. In August, 1895, the premises at No. 648 Franklin Place, famil- iarly known as the Lion .House, were purchased by the John- stons. Here Mr. Johnston, surrounded by his books^ devoted to his family, with a soul given to hospitality, passed the peac5e- fnl twilight of his days until his death, June 1, 1904.
These pages have ill performed their duty if, in portraying the salient events of Mr. Johnston's life, they have left need for elaborate analysis of his character. This paper has shown him a generous friend, an, ardent scholar, thrifty and diligent in business, a useful citizen, a cultured author, an honorable gen- tleman, a Christian man. And such, in truth he was.
Dr. Johnston's Maternal Ancestry and Connections
William Dickson of the parish of Daviot in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, had a son Adam Dickson who married Janet Murray. These were the parents of twelve children, of whom the eldest, Margaret Dick- son, was born: October 2, 17153. She married (December 15, 1775) John Lendrum, and had a daughter, Margaret Lendrum,
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bom June 4, 1778. This last married John Mitchell, of Mill of Fortrie, parish of Ellon, Aberdeenshire, and died October 17, 1827. Among the thirteen children of John and Margaret (Lendrum) Mitchell were these four:
1. Margaret Mitchell, the eldest, wife of George Johnston. Her son.
Dr. John Johnston, never ceased until the end of his life to praise her executive ability and noble character. Of her four children none survives; and John alone left descendants, as hereinbefore mentioned.
2. John Mitchell, removed to Canada.
3. Alexander Mitchell, born October 18, 1817, died April 19, 1887. He
was representative in congress from Wisconsin from 1871 to 1875, and president of this society from 1872 to 1878. He married October 7, 1841, Martha,, daughter of Seth Reed, of Summit, Wisconsin, and sister of Curtis, George, Harrison, and Orson Reed, of Julia A., wife of Dr. Thomas A. Noyes of Milwaukee, and bf Augusta, wife of Judge Abram D. Smith of the supreme court of Wisconsin.i The son of Alexander and Martha (Reed) Mitchell, John Lendrum Mitchell, was born in Milwaukee October 19, 1842 and died at his home in Green- field, near Milwaukee, June 29, 1904. He was senator in congress for six years, from March 4, 1893.
4. George Mitchell, father of Isabella, wife of William Mackie, M. D.,
of Milwaukee.
Bibliography
The following list of Dr. Johnston's principal waitings is not complete, but is offered for the use of more persistent searchers hereafter. Much of his news])aper writing is signed "Scrutator," or "Wisconsin Scot."
iThe Reed brothers were all prominent in early Wisconsin history. See in the publications of this society: For Curtis Reed, Collections i, p. 131; xi, p. 410; Proceedings 43, p. 37; 47, p. 189. For George Reed, Collections i, p. 131; xi, p. 245; Proceedings 45, pp. 129, 154. For Har- rison Reed, Collections iv, p. 266; Proceedings 45, p. 158; 46, pp. 24, 120, 127; 47, p. 97. For Orson Reed, Collections i, p. 131. George Reed was chairman of the committee to form a constitution for this society, ap- pointed at the preliminary meeting held January 29, 1849; Collections i (reprint), p. xxx.
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1. The Bible the source of civilization. Address delivered March 12,
1871, before the Milwaukee County Bible Society, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Printed in the Northwestern Advance, immedi- ately upon its delivery.
2. Speech upon his installation as director of the Milwaukee Chamber
of Commerce, April 8, 1872. Printed in the fourteenth annual Report of tlie Trade and Commerce of Milwaukee for the year ending December 31, 1871, pp. 147-149. Milwaukee, 1872.
3. Speech upon his election as vice-president of the Milwaukee Cham-
ber of Commerce, April 14, 1873. Printed in the Fifteenth annual Report of the Trade and Commerce of Milwaukee for the year ending December 31, 1872, pp. 156-158. Milwaukee, 1873.
4. Lecture upon banking read before the St. Andrew's Society, Mil-
waukee, April 7, 1874. Printed in the Milwaukee Journal of Commerce, April 8, 1874.
5. Science and religion. Paper read before the Fortnightly Club,
Milwaukee, April 22, 1875. Printed in the Daily Commercial Times, Milwaukee, April 24, 1875.
6. Address on the currency. Delivered before The Literary Society
and citizens of Bay View, January 7, 1878. 35 pages, 8vo 1878.
7. Address on banking in Wisconsin, before American Bankers' Asso-
ciation, at Saratoga, New York, August 11, 1880. Printed in the Chicago Times, August 12, 1880.
8. Milwaukee. Article in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th edition. New
York, 1883, volume xvi, pp. 340, 341. Signed "J. J."
9. Scotland. Article in Lalor's Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Po-
litical Economy, and of the Political History of the United States. New York, 1884, volume iii, pp. 685-692. Signed "John Johnston."
10. Material progress of Milwaukee. Address delivered before the
Chamber of Commerce of Milwaukee, April 13, 1885. Printed in the twenty-seventh annual Report of the Trade and Com- merce of Milwaukee for the year ending December 31, 1884. Milwaukee, 1885, pp. 25-27.
11. Address delivered before the Chamber of Commerce of Milwaukee,
April 12, 1886. Printed in the twenty-eighth annual Report of the Trade and Commerce of Milwaukee for the year end- ing December 31, 1885. Milwaukee, 1886, pp. 25-29.
12. Address of welcome at the opening of the Milwaukee Literary
School, August 23, 1886. Printed in Poetry and Philosophy of Goethe. Chicago, 1887, pp. 1-11- [182]
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13. Our mither tongue. Address at the banquet of the St. Andrew's
Society, Milwaukee, November 30, 1886. Printed in Yenowine's News. Milwaukee, December 5, 1886.
14. Banking. Address at the ninth annual meeting of the Business
Educators' Association of America held in Milwaukee, July 9-23, 1887. 8vo, 16 p.
15. Banks and banking. By William W. Wight and John Johnston.
Chapter in History of Milwaukee, vol. i, pp, 258-279, 3 vols., Milwaukee, 1895.
16. Sublimity of language as illustrated in the Bible. Address de-
livered before the class of biblical literature of the Milwaukee College Endowment Association, December 4, 1896, Milwau- kee, 1896, 12vo, pp. 30.
17. Farming in Scotland in the days of our grandfathers. Paper read
at Janesville, Wisconsin, March 10, 1898, at the Twelfth An- nual Closing Farmers' Institute held at Janesville, March 8- 10, 1898. Printed in Bulletin No. 12, Proceedings of said Insti- tute, pp. 194-201.
18. President's addresses before the State Historical Society of Wiscon-
sin at the annual meetings held January 15, 1891; December 10, 1891; December 8, 1892; December 12, 1895; December 9, 1897; December 8, 1898; December 13, 1900; December 12, 1901. Printed in the Proceedings of the society for those years.
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Some Pioneering Experiences in Jefferson County
By Elbridge G. Filield^
On the fineenth, of May, 1837, when I was twenty years of a^e, I joined in the State of Vermont, a party of eleven persons, men, ^^lomeni and children, bound for the Hock River valley, in Wisconsin Territory.
We travelled by stage to Burlington, Vermont; thence by steamer to Whitehall, 'New York; by line-boat on the North- em Canal to Troy and on the Erie Canal to Buffalo; thence by steamboat to Detroit. There, we discovered that but one vessel was going to Chicago, for several days; this was a sail- boat, and lay out in tlie river waiting for favorable winds, but it was so heavily laden that not another passenger, no* pound of freight, could be taken aboard. E. E. Sawyer, who had charge of the women and children of the party, hired a common lumber-wagon and teajn, to make the trip across Michigan to St. Joseph, a distance of one hundred and eighty miles. We young men. made the trip on. foot, keeping up with the team.
At St. Joseph, we all embarked on a small sailing vessel for Chicago, where we spent one night at the best hotel we could find. The women and children were provided with rooms
1 Of Janesville. Written for the society in February, 1891.
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and beds, while the men slept on the floor, on Indian blankets. At Chicago, we took a schooner for Milwaukee, arriving there June 11, having been twentj-six days on our journey from Vermont. We Avere landed near a hotel on the beach; in its bar-room, H. X, Wells, a prominent lawyer of the village, was pleading a case.
In strolling about the village. Sawyer was offered a build- ing lot and small frame house on East Water street, for $450, opposite Ludington's old comer — old settlers will remember the location. He thought the price too high and did not buy, although he had the money to invest.
Mrs. Brown, of our party, expected to have met her son, E. G. Darling, in Milwaukee, but on arriving there learned that 'he was fifty miles away in the coim,try, at Bark River, now Hebron, Jefferson County, building a saw-mill for the Milwaukee & Rock Riiver Land Company. I Avas deputed to walk out and notify Darling of the arrival of the party, being directed to follow the blazed line and wagon tracks, through the Milwaulcee woods to Prairie Village (afterwards Prairie- ville, now Wauiesha), and then inquire for the Bark River trail. I followed directions, and in due time came in sight of a small prairie, and a double house, built of tamarack logs. Enquiring of a man the distance to Prairie Village, he said I was already there. Then I enquired for the Bark River trail, and a good place to stay over night. The next house, he said, was about a mile farther on, and there was none other short of Bark River, a distance of thirty miles.
I passed the night at that next house, and started the fol- lowing morning on my thirty-mile tramp. After a few miles, I was much alarmed at seeing in the distance behind, a man on an Indian pony, apparently hurrying to overtake me. It proved to be, not a pursuing Indian, but Sheriff Aid- rich, of ]\Iilwaukee County, going to Bark River on business — Malwautee County then extended to Rock River. Hb had been told that a yoimg man was on the same trail, and he was hurrying to overtake me, so that he might have company. It
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occurred to me a novel idea, for a man on horseback to seek the company of a man on foot for a twenty-five-mile tramp. As- he seemed to be a jolly good fellow, and I had nothing to lose, I awaited results. After chatting awhile, my new ac- quaintance said, "Now we will try the game called 'ride- and-tie.' You take the pony, and put him through on a can- ter for a mile or so, then tie, and walk on. I will do the same, overtaking and passing you." I liked the idea, and we practiced it during the remainder of the journey, arriving at the mill about three o'clock. We spent the rest of the after- noon angling below the dam, where thousands of fish were vainly seeking to ascend. My new friend returned to Mil- waukee the following morning, and I have not seen him since.
I now found myself, a green Vermont boy, a thousanxi miles from home and relatives, with $2.50 in my pocket; owing $42 in Vermont, which I had borrowed in order to go West. It cost a dollar a day to live on bread and pork. I applied to Darling for work, and he said he lacked a teamster to drive a four-ox team, to stock his mill with logs, and offered me the job. I accepted it, and drove the team for about ten months.
This was the first sawmill built in the Upper Rock River valley. There was not a frame house in the valley, unless possibly at Beloit; there Were no bridges across Rock River, north of the Illinois line, and I think not a ferry established. Out of the first lumber sawed, a house was built for Darling's family and his mall hands, who up to this time, had lived in a small log shanty, the hands sleeping under a shed built of split logs.
A scow was next built by Darling, and loaded with lumber, which was floated down Bark River, and up the Rock to Jef- ferson, to be used in building a house for the company, on their claim. Soon after this, I think in June or July of 1837, Henry F. Janes, founder of Janesville, came up and bought 6000 feet of lumber, for which he paid $20 per thousand. The lumber being green and heavy, one crib was sunk and
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nearly lost. He ran the rest down to Teboe's Point, on tlie east side of Lake Koshkonon^, took it out of the water, drew it to Janesville, and there pnt np a building on South Main street.
About the same time, Dr. Edward Brewer, and Charles Hamilton, fi'om Whitewater prairie, bought lumber to take down there. They put it in cribs, offering $10 to get it floated down to the junction of the Bark and Whitewater rivers. A mill hand, by the name of Brayman, who was going- to Jefferson to work on a claim, proposed to take the job witib me, and I consented, Avith the provision that, by being out one- night, it fwouid keep me but a single day from my work. We found the river very crooked and sluggish, but by working until after midnight found ourselves about a mile above our landing place. We there w^ent ashore and stayed until day- light. As evervihing was wet from the rains which fell in the afternoon and evening, we were unable to kindle a fire, but finding a large, leaning tree, we protected ourselves some- what from the rain. 1 proposed trying to get some sleep, but Brayman said the wolves might attack us. At daylight we ran the lumber down, and hitched up, as agreed upon.
Indian Hill, where Black Hawk and his tribe had a village during the Black Hawk War, was near our landing. There was an army trail west to Fort Atkinson, and an Indian trail running nearly south. Brayman and I separated here, after taking a scanty meal of bread and pork ; he to go to his claim alx)ve Jefferson, and I to return to the mill. He took the wrong trail which cost him about ten miles extra travel. I landed to rest, after rowing my boat several miles up the river, and drew the bow a little out of the water, there being no way of tying it. After walking about a few minutes I returned to my landing, to find that the wind had rocked and loosened the craft, and sent it ten or twelve rods across the channel into the wild rice, leaving me boatless on the opposite side from home. The w^ater was ten feet deep, and being unable to swim, I concluded to try and strike south to Whitewater
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prairie some six miles distant^ wkere the meni wlio owned the lumber were shantying. It was a cloudy, rainy day, and I was in what is called the Bark River marsh, without compass or guide. Wandering about, I struck some pony tracks, which I thought might lead m© out of the swamp. Following them some distance I came to a pond of water. The tracks went to the left of the pond, apparently out of my direction, so I turned to the right. After traveling some time in the marsh, I again struck pony tracks and soon after saw a man's footprint in the mud. This was encouraging, as it clearly was not an Indian's track. But I soon discovered that it was my own, and that the same pond of water was before me. I now realized that I was lost, and had been travelling in a cir- cle, but determined to follow the pony tracks until I ' found the Indian riders, or came to a white settlement. It was gTowing dark when I left the marsh and struck a native trail in the Palmyra Bluffs, but no trace of white men could be seen. Gatihering the leaves from a white oak tree which the wind had blown down, I made a bed and stopped for the night. A few crab-apples, wliich I had in my pocket, were all the food I had. Warm from the severe exercise of travelling, my clothing wet from the showers which had fallen 'during the day, I soon be- came chilled, and suffered greatly, both physically and men- tally.
At daylight I started on m,y trail, and in about two hours, came to Elagle Prairie, where I found an inhabited log- house, and obtained breakfast I was informed that the best way to Iget home was to cross the prairie to a certain house, then cross itforth Prairie, thence west to the Bark River trail, which would be a distance of thirty miles. Following direc- tions, I reached Curtis and Cushman's sihanty, five miles from home, about two hours after dark. Heavy rains during the afternoon had soaked my clothing, but I was obliged to take my chances with four others, sleeping on marsh hay, with two Indian blankets for covering. The next morning it took me three hours to drag myself over the five miles which inter-
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vened between this lodging place and my home. I can truly say that I experienced more real suffering on that trip, than at any other lime in my pioneer life.
During the season of 1837, lumber was taken to Fort Atkin- son ; a scow v.-as built for ferrying across the river, and another at Janesville, I believe the same season. Our nearest post oflSice was Milwaukee and all provisions had to come either from there or the south. Pork at Milwaukee was worth from $30 to $34 a barrel; flour $16 a barrel, and it cost $2 a hun- dredweigjit to get it draA\Ti to the mill. Pork and bread, with coffee, constituted our principal living, although occa- sionally ^ve had doughnuts.
Both large gray and prairie wolves were plenty. A small one was in the habit of sticking his foot through, a crack in the cook room at night, and stealing the pork rinds that had been saved for soap greese; but a trap was set, and he paid the death penalty. During that year, I several times drove an ox-team to Milwaukee to get provisions. Large gray wolves followed on the trail, and howled after me ; but I had no fear, as they were very shy.
It was reported, in the fall of 1837, that the Indians threat- ened to sweep down Rock River valley and kill all the whites ; that large numbers were congrega.ted above Watertown, hold- ing war dances, trading ponies for rifles, and fui"s and skins for powder and lead; and that the squaws were running lead into balls. We did not believe the reports, and on the day of the threatened attack I was at work at some distance from the mill, when I heard such a yellinsr as none save Indians eould make, and looking towards the house saw three tribesmen on ponies, riding towards it at full speed. Their faces were painted, their heads ornamented with feathers, and they looked warlike. I called some men who were working near by, and we ran to the house, finding the Indians quietly pre- paring to cook some game that they had shot. They were on their way to Milwaukee to buy whiskey, and meant no harm to us.
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During the season of 1837, there was but one family in tJie Bark River settlement, although several mien were keep- ing bachelor's hall. The nearest settlement was at Fort Atkin- son, eight miles distant, and during the season a young man and I walked to and from there to attend the funeral of lone, Foster, who died tliere. During the same season, a sawmill was completed by George Goodhue, at Johnson's Rapids, now Watertown.
In the summer of 1837 I made a claim on the bank of Elock Eiver, three miles above Jefferson. In December following, I took an ax, a ham of pork, and a blanket, walked down to Jefferson, bought from. Darling a few loaves of bread, bor- rowed a boat of him, and changing Kvork with my old friend E. F. Sawyer, went up to my claim to make the improvements necessary to hold it until spring. Previous to this, Darling had rented his mill at Bark River to Churchill and CoUum, and moved to Jefferson to start a village.
I worked upon my claim throughout four weeks, chopping timber, splitting rails, building fences, etc. Having made the necessary improvements, I returned to Bark River to work until spring. Anson and Virgil Pope, from Pope's Rapids, near Janesville, were shantying near by, getting out rail tim- ber.
During the winter I picked enough cattail flags to make a bed, caught and salted a keg of fish, bought a yoke of oxen, and prepared to work my claim in the spring. In April, 1838, borrowing the hind wheels of a wagon, I put in a tem- porary tongue and box, loaded up my shanty outfit, drove to Fort Atkinson, crossed the river on the ferry, journeyed thence to Jefferson, again ferried across, cut my own three-mile road through the timber, and reached my clairal. The following day I took the wagon in a boat which had been borrowed of Darling, rowing the distance of twenty miles, returned it, and came back to my claim the next day, ready for farming. I cleared about two acres, made a harrow with wooden teeth, and planted the land with corn and potatoes, buying the lat-
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ter of Samuel St. Jolin, near Janesville, and boating them up the river. I paid- $4 a bushel for seed corn to plant; and the com not coming up the first time, replanted June 3, paying six-pence an ear for the seed. The result was a splendid crop both of corn, and potatoes.
That same spring, my brother came out from the East, and I divided my claim with him. We built a comfortable log house, covering the structure with boards and slabs bought at Goodhue's mill, Johnson's Rapids, and shantied together.
During this season large quantities of lumber were floated down the river, both from the Groodhue and Bark River mills, and as far below as Dixon's ferry, Illinois. Tbe nearest grist-mill was at Beloit, and several Jefferson County people carried their corn there to grind; but one of our neighbors, Samuel Britton, dug a hole in an oak stump for a mortar, and pounded his com to supply a large family. Having built comfortable houses and raised something to live on, we all turned our attention to opening roads through the timber, building bridges and causeways across marshes, to enable peo- ple to come in and settle with their families. We opened a highway from Jefferson to Bark River, a distance of ten miles ; and from Jefferson to Golden Lake, fifteen miles ; there ^ye met the Prairie Village people, who were opening the road to meet us. With the help of the Watertown folk, we opened a road on the east side of the river to Watertown, and one on the west side, six miles noi'th, and another to Aztalan.
The United States government opened a territorial road from ]!Jilwaukee to Madison, crossing Rock River near Belle- ville, or Johnson's Creek. My brother and I worked on this road from Aztalan to three miles east of Rock River, under Chester Bushnell, the contractor. I drove the first team (an ox-team) tliat ever passed over the road from Riock River to Milwaukee. The sub-contractors were to have completed their work at a certain date, and at that time I went to Mil- waukee for a load of provisions, but found that several parties had not fulfilled their contracts, and we were obliged to cut
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roads through the woods. On my return, after purchasing my load of the Ludingtons, I found the timber cleared, and the roads com,pleted the entire distance. That season a ferry was established across Eock River. By this time, we had ferries at Watertown, Jefferson, Aztalan, Fort Atkinson, and Janes- ville, and roads cut and bridges built in different directions through Jefferson County. All this was done by volunteer work, except the territorial road.
On the eighth of Januarv', 1839, a ball was given at Bark River, attended by people from Jefferson, Fort. Atkinson, and Whitewater. There being no printing press except in Mil- waukee, the ball tickets were written by James M. Cushman. There being but one team to carry the women, the men walked ten miles to attend this affair.
By treaty concluded in 1840, the Winnebago Indians weire to remove west of the Mississippi River; but tihey refused to go, and threatened to resist the United States forces if they undertook to compel them. Governor Dodge issued a procla- mation, calling for volunteer companies of mounted riflemen, to assist, if necessary, in removing them. A company was raised at Jefferson, which I joined, being appointed second lieutenant, with a commission, signed by Governor Dodge and William B. Slaughter, secretary of the Territory. !N"o resist- ance being made by the redskins we were not called upon to fight. ^
Previous to 1840, Capt. Joseph Keyes built a small grist- mill and a sawmill at Lake Mills. ^ The Indians being re- moved west of the Mississippi, mills having been built, roads opened, bridges constructed, marshes covered Avith causeways, post offices established on Rock River, and wagons put on the road to carry mail ~and passengers, we began to feel that we were working into civilization.
1 The treaty was signed in 1838, but the removal was not attempted until 1840. See Wis. Hist. Colls., xi, pp. 430, 431.— Ed.
2 Spring of 1838. See Keyes, "Early Days in Jefferson County," iUd., pp. 419, 420.— Ed.
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From 1837 to 1840 we saw; some hard times. Once (July, 1837) while the team was in Milwaukee for provisions, we got entirely out of !foo<i at the mill and had to catch suckers and red-horse in Bark Rdver, which by boiling into a sort of porridge, we ate with nothing but salt, I have eaten meals of nothing but boiled beans, or potatoes sweetened with maple molasses.
During the ^vinter of 1841-42, I had a little experience which may be worth relating. Having neither a team nor money with which to buy one, I went to Janesville and bought a pair of oxen of W. H. H. Bailey, giving my note for $75, payable on or before June first, with twelve per cent interest; the note being payable in lumber at Janesville, at the market price. I agreed with a neighbor to go np the Ora"\vfish River, about ten miles above Milford, and cut logs. These we were to run down to J^ute's mill at Milford, have them sawed, and then I was to rum the lumber to Janesville to pay for the oxen. It did not snow until February, and the neighbor re- fused to fulfill his part of the arrangement. Obliged to pro- vide for the payment of the oxen, I hired two young men^, and breaking a road into tlie woods, built a shanty and stable. The cold was intense, and at the end of the first week, one man went back to Jefferson to get warmer clothing. He froze his feet on the way and could not return. After work- ing another week, the second man had the ague so badly that I took him on the ox-sled, and carried him six miles down the river to the first house, which happened to bet his uncle's. I then worked alone for about a week, and during that time was awakei\ed one night by a terrible yelling of Indians. They had been down the river to the first house, and having traded furs for whiskey, were going back on the ice, partly drunk. Fearing they would attack me, I tried to think of the best means of defense, and decided that if they left the river and ap- proached the shanty, it would be safer for me to take to the woods and endeavor to reach the settlement. They did not molest me, however, and I saw daylight with a thankful heart.
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With great trouble I succeeded in getting out logs for enough lumber to pay for the oxen, but there was still more trouble. Part of the dam at ISTute's mill went out, and I was delayed about the sawing; this again caused delay in the delivery of the lumber at Janesville, and my note became due. I had no money to pay it, but settled the matter by giving $10 boraus for being behind time.
I will name a few of the very early settlers of the Rook Rliver valley, who were there as early as 1837 : at Water- town (called Johnson's Rapids), were Timothy Johnson, Jameis Rogan, George Goodhue, John C. Gilman, the Boomers, and others; at Jefferson, E. G. Darling, William Woolcock, Daniel Lansing, R. J. Currier, Peter Rogan, Robert Masters and family, and William Burton; at Fort Atkinson, Milo Jones, the Posters, Dodge, Barry, David Sargent, West, and others; at Koshlvonong, the Pinches, Binghams, Grahams, Aliens, and others; at Otter Creek, the Smiths. In and around Janes- ville were Robert and Daniel Stone, the Spauldings, George HI Williston, John James, the Pope Brothers, Judge Holmes and family. Dr. Heath, George Pulmer, the St. Johns, W. H. H. Bailey, John P. Dickson, P. A. Pierce, and others; and at Beloit, Caleb Blodget and family, the Cheneys, Fisher and others.
I remained in Jefferson County until May, 1846, when I re- moved to Janesville and opened a lumber yard, dealing mostly in basswood and hardwood lumber, floated down the river from Jefferson County.
During my nine years of pioneer life many things occurred that might be interesting if accurately stated, but I kept no diary, and writing from memory long after the events took place, I have attempted to mention only a few leading inci- dents.
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Indian Agriculture in Southern Wisconsin
By Benjamin Horace Hibbard, Ph. D}
Early writers and travellers were lamentably negligent in recording many phases of Indian life which it would be desir- able to know, especially those related to the economic activities of these primitive people. An undue amount of '^historical divination" is required in arriving at satisfactory or even plaus- ible conclusions concerning some of these matters. The real influence which aboriginal agriculture exercised upon the ex- ploration, settlement, and development of the Western lands, is w^ll worth our study. The new comer often received therefrom suggestions as to what crops would most likely flourish on the various soils and in the different rain-belts; not to mention the direct effect upon lines of supplies bought or stolen from the retreating tribes — these are interesting questions, but we must not expect much specific information concerning them. The methods of hunting and fighting; of making weapons, utensils, and implements; of dancing, singing, wooing, are all told -by early chroniclers with painstaking minuteness and detail, but the products of the soil are noticed by them only in paren- thetical phrases or general observations. There is hardly a line yet found, relating to the agricultural tools used, or the
1 Professor of economics in Iowa state college.
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sort of ground chosen for fields — absolutely nothing as to yield^ and next to nothing concerning the importance of these crops to the Indians themselves.
For a long time the Sauk and Foxes had their principal villages near the Wisconsin liiver, at the east end of Sauk Prairie, just opposite the northwest corner of Dane County. These Indians were somewhat above the average of the tribes of this region in civilization ; they lived in more compact and larger settlements, hence naturally depended more on their corn- fields than did their more nomadic neighbors to the west. Their a^m was planted along the edge of the woods which fringe the Wisconsin, and this belt is choice corn-land today. Some small parts of it have been kept in grass fromi the time of the earlier white settlement, and in those places old Indian corn-hills may still be seen, the sod holding themi in shape. The Indian cultivated the growing com by hoeing toward the h ill j and as this became the mellowest spot, the corn vfAs planted each succeeding year in the same little mound, which grew to be a foot or more in height.
"There was a large settlement of Sauk at the lower end of Sauk Prairie. I have often examined the remains of their tillage there, and should suppose they raised comi in one lot of at least four hundred acres ^' * * the four hundred acres is covered with well formed, regular corn-hills."^ Just what this writer means by "regular" is not quite clear — prob- ably that the hills were of uniform size, and approximately the same distance apart, for it does not appear that the Indians often planted corn in rows, there being, with their mode of culture, very little occasion for such methods." The Indians of northern Michigan at the present day generally care for their com much as did their ancestors of a century ago ; and the fevfi
1 Wisconsin State Agricultural Society Transactions^ i, p. 125.
2 "At every step they dig a round hole in which they sow nine or ten grains of maize which they have first carefully selected and soaked for some days in water." — Carr, Indian Mounds of the Missis- sippi Valley, p. 15.
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who attempt its cultivation with a horse cultivator do not take the precaution, to plant the corn in rows, but run here and there wherever there happens to be sufficient room between the hills.
Whether or not the Wisconsin Indians, like those of Ohio or Isew England, girdled trees so as to rid the land of them, and leave it in a suitable condition for cultivation by their rude and ineffective tools, is not stated; but the probability is that little of such Avork was new^sary/ The field at Sauk Prairie just mentioned, lay along the border of the woodland ; and as the prairie was burned off nearly every year, it is reasonable to suppose that the fire crept into the woods for a greater or less distance, killing the trees and leaving a consid- erable belt neither distinctively prairie nor woods. Naturally this would become overgrown with weeds and saplings, which could be much more easily eradicated than the heavy growth of trees or grass. The prairie sod was altogether too tough to be subdued by the Indians, and nowhere do we find them tilling any considerable area of genuine prairie soil.
There are one or two direct references to Indian fields within Dane County. While stationed at Fort Crawford, Jefferson Davis visited this section and left in his journal some remarks pertinent to our subject: "While oni detached service in the summer of 1829, I think I encamped one night about the site of Madison. The nearest Indian village was on the opposite side of the lake. * * * The Indians subsisted largely on Indian corn and wild rice.''^ Probably he referred to the place now known as Winnequah, on the eastern shore of Lake Monona, where a few Indian corn-hills are still dis- cemable. The nature of the land here at the time of the
1 "In the fall of 1814 the late Col. Dickson was stopped here [Lake Winnebago] by the ice and compelled to remain during the Winter. * * * He cleared the land, now cultivated by the Indians." — Jour- nal of Mrs. James D. Doty, in Wis. Hist. Colls., x, p. 114.
2 Wis. Hist. Colls., X, p. 75.
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Indian occupancy, cannot now be estimated with the same accuracy as in the case of the Sauk district. It is not on the edge of a prairie; hut from the condition of the present woods about Winnequah, and the sandy nature of the soil, it is alto- gether likely that there were sufficient open spots for all the corn-fields which the small villages of Indians would be likely to cultivate.
Capt. Jonathan Carver, who made a trip through the north- west in 1766, in speaking of the Winnebago Indians remarks: "The land adjacent to the lake [Winnebago] is very fertile, abounding with grapes, plums, and other fruits, which grow spontaneously. The Winnebagoes raise on it a great quan- tity of Indian corn, beans, pumpkins, squashes, and watermel- ons, with some tobacco."^ Carver also gives an interesting de- scription of the kind of com grown by the Indians. We 'should infer from what little he says that it is very similar, although not identical, with the com raised by the New England Indians in the seventeenth century: "One spike generally consists of about six hundred grains which are placed closely together in rows to tJie number of eight or ten, and sometimes twelve."* He does not tell us whether or not it is dented; but since he finds it maturing as far north as Lake Winnebago, and espec- ially as the ears are long and slender, it is safe to infer that it was the hard flint variety known as "Yankee com." In case the four hundred acres near Sauk Prairie produced such remarkably large ears — averaging, we should judge, at least a foot in length, the aggi'egate yield must have been very great. Reasoning from this, it is easy to believe the various reports of discoveries of fifty thousand bushels of corn in cache by armies in the Ohio Valley, and to the southward.. However, the element of uncertainty is by no means a negligible quantity, and the reader must draw his own conclusions as to the prob- able amount of farm, produce raised by the Wisconsin Indian.
1 Travels t» North America, p. 37. 2lMd., p. 521.
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For the most part, the practices and methods of these Indians resembled those of the tribea farther east The Sauk and Fox^ were scattered up and down the Wisconsin and Fox rivers; wherever found, they depended for a living, in part, on the cultivated product of the soil. ^ In raising a crop of com, or other field products, the Indians had many difficulties with which to contend, even m.ore perplexing than those ooni- nected with subduing the native soil. Perhaps the depreda- tions of blackbirds and crows wei'e the worst; for as soon aa other food began to fail them in the fall, they pounced upon the corn, usually when it was about in the milk or "roasting ear," and ^vrought sad havoc. The Indians were always inordinately fond of the tender, greem com, and this fact, together \vith the danger of loss by birds or frost fromi leav- ing it out until maturity, induced them' to gather it early. They were familiar with the fact that com may be cured jvhile yet in the green st^ite, and still be desirable food; this fact, as well as the method of storing, appears in the following quo- tation:^ "I observed several women with bags on their heads and shoulders, appearing heavily laden, bent down and not raising their faces from the path they were upon. I ne«ver saw individuals contend more with a load that almost mastered them, than did some of these females. Following them a short distance to a place where they stopped, I found they were making a caclie of the ripe maize of the season. A sort of cave had been hollowed out in the side of the hill, about eight feet in diameter at the bottom, and not more than two or three at the top. To this cache the women were bringing the com, a distance of about three miles, and some very young girls were in the cave storing it away. * * * The ears of maize are gathered and cured whilst the com is in the milk, and the bags when filled with it are laid in the cave upon layers of dry grass, one layer above another. When the cave is full,
iSee Coues, Pike's Expeditions (N. Y., 1895), pp. 294-303; also brief mention in the Reedsburg Free Press, July 23, 1874. 2 G. W. Featherstonhaugh, Canoe Voyage up the Minnay Sotor, p. 350.
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straw is put in and covered over with dry earth. They cure the corn in the milk, because the blackbirds are numei^us enough to devour it all if it were left to ripen in the field." ^ From this it is seen that the agricultural methods of Wis-- consin Indians were not different from those farther east and south — the women do the work; the corn is gathered before fully ripe, and put in caches for safe keeping.
It would bo hazardous to attempt any estimate of the quantity of corn raised, (even by any one tribe. The Sauk and Foxes appear to have depended more on products of the soil than did their neighbors. The four hundred acres raised near where Sauk City now stands, is good evidence of a; total pro- duct of no slight proportions, for thesei Indians had many other villages scattered ?Jong the line of the Fox anid Wis- consin rivers. Speaking of these tribes as a whole, Worden remarks: "The Sacs and Foxes raise corn, beans and melons, and derive a great part of their subsistence from agriculture and gardening."^
Indian improvidence is usually spoken of as though the red man had no regard whatever for the morrow; but Pike credits the Osage with tihe virtue of rigid economy in saving their corn and beans for seasons when the chase is likely to fail in supplying the larder. "^ The same author mentions the dry- ing of pumpkins, for winter use, by the Indians of the plains. In the same strain Father Allouez, who visited the Western Indians in the early part of 1670, says of the Outagami: "These savages * * * are settled in an excellent country, — the soil, which is black there, yielding them Indian com in abundance. Thej live by hunting during the winter return- ing to their cabins towards its close, and living there on Indian
1 In Chas. W. Burkett, History of Ohio Agriculture (Concord, 1900), the point is made that the Indians unconsciously practiced a careful system of selection by taking the best and earliest corn each year for seed. This seems reasonable, but Professor Burkett does not give his authority for the statement.
2Worden, Unite'd States, ii, p. 539.
3 Coues, Pike's Expeditions, p. 532.
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com that they had hidden away the previous Autumn; they season it with fish."^ Again, in speaking of tlie Oumiamis, [Miami], he mentions the fact that on the first of May they still had com which they offered him to eat; and of the Pota- watomi, that their land is "very good for Indian com, of which they plant fields, and to which they very willingly retire to avoid the famines that are too common in these quar- ters." These famines were usually the result of drouth which, by drying up the forage plants, drove the big g'ame away to other sections,^ leaving the poor Indians dependent on fish and the grain in stock — the latter being, unhappily,, seldom or never {found in quantities sufficient to tide over a famine of any consequence.^
A traveller in 1669 makes this record on his visit to Green Bay: "I found here only one village of different nations — Ousaki, Pouteouatami, Outagami, Orenibigoutz (i. e. Ouini- pegouk) — about six hundred souls. * * * ^\ these ISTations have their fields of Indian com, squashes, beans, and tobacco."*
In 1793, Robert Dickson wrote of- the Indians near Port- age: "At the Falls of the Fox River there is a portage of three-quarters of a mile. The Indians here raise Indian oom, squash, potatoes, melons, and cucumbers in great abundance, and good tobacco. On the low lands by the river great quan- tities of wild oats [rice] grow."^
As a rule the Indian depended on com and beans to support him during his long excursions, whether in peace or war. In the account of the capture of the Hall girls, which occurred
1 Thwaites, Jesuit Relations (Cleveland, 1896-1901), llv, p. 223.
2 Wis. Hist. Colls., xii, p. 139.
3 Many incidental references to the sorry plight of the Wisconsin Indians in times when game was scarce may be found in the Wis. Hist. Colls., especially in the Grignon and Dickson papers, xi, pp. 27i- 315.
* Jesuit Relations, liv, pp. 205, 207. 5 Wis. Hist. Colls., xii, pp. 134, 135.
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about May, 1832, there is a good side-liglit on the Indian commissariat: "When we halted, Ithe Indians having scalded some beans, and roasted some acorns, desired we should eat. * * * On our arrival several squaws came to our assist- ance * * * prepared a place for us to sit down, and pre- sented us some parched com, some meal, and maple sugar, mixed, and desired us to eat. * * * Jn the evening we were presented with a supper consisting of coffee, fried cakes, boiled corn, and fried vension, with fried leeks. * * * When our flour was exhausted we had coffee, meat, and pounded corn made into soup.'" Later, it is mentioned that the Indi- ans carried pork and potatoes while on the march. The pork as well as the coffee was, of course, ^obtained ftomi the whites, but the potatoes, so-called, were probably wild artichokes which Lapham found in use as food among the Indians in what is now Brown County. In 1844 he found them using *'& very good kind of potato * * * the mode of preserv- ing which was entirely new ^o us. The potatoes, which are of an oblong shape, and not longer than a man's thumb are partially boiled, and carefully peeled while hot, without breaking the pulp, and strung like so many beads upon a twine or tough thread of bark and then hung in festoons on the ridge pole of the wigwam, over the smoke of the fire, where they became thoroughly dry. This proCc?ss renders the pota- toes fit for transportation and use during the severest frosts without injury. The squaws take great interest in prepar- ing this article of food which is about the only vegetable they cultivate."" However, the Indians around Green Bay were by no means restricted to one agricultural product, although contact with the white men tended to make them more and more dependent, since they found it easier to barter furs for food than to raise grain.
1 Smith, Wisconsin, iii, pp. 189-195.
2 Lapham, Wisconsin, p. 116. Although Lapham was a scientist he does not venture to give the botanical name of this plant, which was ■evidently a puzzle to him.
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From the above citations, it appears that the cultivated fields of the Indians occupied a diagonal line across the state, fol- lowing the courses of tlie Fox and Wisconsin rivers and Green Bay ; and that the Sauk, Foxes, and Winnebago were the most inclined, in the struggle for existence, to make use of their agricultural knowledge and opportunies. It may also be shown that there were some important cultivated areas along the Mississippi and Rock rivers, and some insignificant patches near Lake Michigan. The settlement of Black Hawk's followers on the lower part of the Rock, on the point between that river and the Mississippi is of interest, and these were Wisconsin Indians, who had resumed their agricultural labors in a new home.
Something of the skill of these people in choosing land ob which to grow corn, also an idea of the quantity grown, are furnished by Black Hawk in his Autobiography: "In the front a prairie extended to the Mississippi, and in our rear a continued bluff gently ascended from the prairie. * * * On the side of this bluff we had our com fields, extending about two miles up parallel iwith the larger river, where they adjoined those of tbe Foxes, whose village was on the same stream opposite the lower end of Rock Island and three miles distant from ours. We had eight hundred acres in cultiva- tion, including what we had on the islands in Rock River. The land arouhd our village which remained unbroken, was covered with blue-grass which fumisbed excellent pasture for our horses. * * * The land being very fertile never failed to produce good crops of corn, beans, pumpkins, and squashes.''^
Black Hawk then goes on to state that, owing to encroach- ments of the white settlers, his people had bard work to find sufficient land on which to plant com, and gives a sorrowful account of the distress caused by the confiscation of their crops
i Autobiography of Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, or Black Hawk (St. Louis, 1882), pp. 57, 58.
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by the whites. Black Hawk does not give any estimiate of the area cultivated by the Foxes, but Col. John Shaw, in speaking of both settlements, estimates the fields at five thou- sand acres. ^ This is probably an exaggeration, but it serves its purpose in giving somie notion of the importanice of agri- cultural industry to the Indians themselves, and surely it wiaa not inconsiderable. Anyone wishing to estimate the amount of these products by the various tribes, v^dll find some data in the Emigrant's and Traveller's Guide, where a fairly good eaiti- niate of the numbers of the several Indian tribes in 1834: appears.^
A great many more references could be given, emphasizing the reliance of the red man on his rude husbandry; but per- haps enough has already been said to make it plain that someK thing is due him for taking the initial step in the develop- ment of the great grain regions of the upper Mississippi valley. Neither are we left wholly to deduce our conclusions from circumstantial evidence. The early military expeditions of the West and l^^orthwest were for the most part dependent on supplies obtained from the Indians.^ The accounts of the Lewis and Clark expedition tell of the dependence of the party on provisions furnished by the Indians, and even so far north as the Mandan village they traded for Indian com.* At Mackinac Island, a point hardly within the present com belt,
iTTis. Hist. Colls., x, p. 220. . 2 Tanner, Yiew of the Valley of the Mississippi or the Emigrants and Traveller's Guide to the West (Philadelphia, 1834).
3 In a letter to Brehm, Governor Sinclair speaks of sending a sloop through the lake region in the fall of 1779 to collect all the grain and other provisions available, to be used in the campaign against St. Louis the following spring. In others of the Haldimand papers are direct statements to the effect that the provisions for the St. Louis expedition were to be gathered principally from the Indians along Wisconsin River, where corn was said to be abundant, and as a matter of fact this plan apears to have been carried out. — Wis. Hist. Colls., xi, pp. 141-184.
4Thwaites, Original Journal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition; Gass's Journal, p. 99.
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the Indians raised a sufficient quantity of that cereal to attract the attention of the British garrison as well as of various travellers. As early as 1766 Jonathan Carver saW the import- ance of the agricultural products of the Wisconsin Indians, and after enumerating the crops grown, by the "Saukies" before mentioned, speaks thus of the Sauk village: "This place is esteemed the best market for traders to furnish them- selves with provisions, of any Avithin eight hundred miles of
Thus it is seen that the Indians, on their own account, furnished provisions for their oa\ti war parties; for the Eng- lish forays against Americans and Spanish.; for explorers like Marquette, Carver, and Lewis and Clark, and the long list of later adventurers who came to spy out the land and event- ually to expel the tribesmen from their fields. The traders who ranged the woods and rivers for a century before civiliza- tion ruined their traffic, depended in a large measure on the meagre stores of Indian com and beans ; while even the troops which finally hunted the natives from their homes, filled their camp kettles either from the caches or the com fields of the fugitives. 'Nor was this all. The earliest settlers seized upon the little cultivated plots as the most desirable ground for their own first plantings, and utilized the native-grown seed, since it was known to be adapted to the soil and climate. It is interesting to (note (that the tWo crops which the Indians prized most highly, corn and tobacco, are at present two of the foremost products of Wisconsin."
1 Carver, Travels, p. 47.
2 For an excellent statement of the diflSculties of treating the ques- tion of Indian agriculture, and some general remarks on Indian land tenure, see bureau of Amer. Ethnology Report, 1885-86, p. 40 ff. — Ed.
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Early Times in Old Northwest
By Ira B. Brunson^
The first white settlers of the Old 'JSTorthwest were the factors, clerks, and emiployees of the ISTorth West Fur Company, char- tered, under the iBritish government. Their sway was similar in character to a military despotism. All inferiors yielded un- qualified obedience to their superiors; the larger number were in a species of servitude. All disputes arising between the men were referred to, and promptly settled, by the nearest clerk or factor of the compan3\
Soon after the War of 1812-15, the American Fur Coni)- pany occupied the Old IsTorthwest. Their system of govern- ment was similar to the one preceding, but in many respects less vigorous.
After the establishment of military posts on the frontier, the people in their vicinity were compelled to submit to mil- itary dictation, and to refer all disputes to the commanding ofi3.oer for adjustment, either by himself or by referees of hia appointment. If the party at fault failed ox refused to com- ply with the judgment rendered, he was confined in the guard house, tied up by the thumbs and whipped or made to leave the country.
1 Son of Rev. Alfred Brunson, of Prairie du Chien, who was one of the earliest Methodist missionaries in the Northwest, and a frequent contributor to early volumes of Wisconsin Historical Collections. — Ed.
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As late as 1840, all the settlers in the vicinity of Fort Snel- ling, for the offence by some of selling whiskey to the soldiers, were ordered to remove, and their houses were torn down; many of them settled where now is the city of St. Paul.
When people began to settle in small communities, as in the lead mines, outside of any legal jurisdiction, they were of necessity a law unto themselves, and disputes had to be settled by a reference to their neighbors, from whose decision there was no appeal. When the highest crime of murder vraa committed, as at Dubuque in 1834, the people proceeded summarily to organize a tribunal for the trial of the murderer, by choosing a judge, clerk and sheriff, who called a jury and conducted the trial with all the forms and solemnity of a leg- ally constituted court; the prisoner was allowed his challenges, and counsel to defend him, and process for his witnesses; if he was found gTiilty, as was the case at Dubuque, he was exe- cuted, and was as well satisfied as he possibly could have been had he been put through the same ordeal under a legal tri- bunal. Justice, under the early legal tribunals in the West, seems often to have been tempered with mercy, and a spirit of accommodation, as was manifested by the judge in Illinois, who, when the prisoner was brought up for sentence, kindly inquired of him, "when it would be convenient for him to be hung."
Charles Kcaume, at Green Bay, was appointed justice of the peace by Gov. William Henry Harrison of Indiana (1809), and continued to discharge his judicial functions during life or until superseded by officers appointed under Michigan Territory. He charged twice the fee for divorcing, that ha did for marrying a couple. Judge James H. Lockwood, in the Wisconsin Historical Collections, says that at Prairie du Chien a justice of the peace charged a sack of flour for marry- ing a couple; but if they wished divorce he would grant it for two sacks.
The county of Crawford, comprising the west half of the present state of Wisconsin, and a large part of Minnesota, was
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organized in 1818, but no record was kept until 1821. For three years the county had a full complement of oflScers who seem to have kept their reckoning on shingles, or slips of paper, or in their heads. 'No record is found of any election, or qualification of officers; but tradition informs us of their existence and of some of their transactions.
The first recorded proceedings of the county authorities consisted in providing a book for the court of probate, two pair of hand-cuffs and a jail, and calling on the counity officers for a statement of their financial transactions. They ordered the assessor to take as rateable property most things w'hich were to be found and many things which they did not have for twenty years later, such as gigs, carryalls, calashes, and pleas- ure wagons.
In 1824, the board ordered the lead mine leases, issued by the United States to be assessed, and paid the assessor twenty dollars to go to Fever River (Galena) for that purpose, but the miners refused to pay the tax. On examimation of the sheriff's securities, they were both found "incompetent," "being considered insolvent."
In 1826 the troops left for Fort Snelling, leaving Fort Crawford vacant; the Winnebago then became insolent; they killed a family residing where ^N^orth McGregor now is. Murders were frequent and the settlers took refuge in the fort. A family by the name of Gagnier, living on the lower end of Prairie du Chien, was murdered ; a child about nine months old was scalped and thrown under the bed where she wlaa afterwards found.
In 1822 the legislative power was vested in the governor and judges of the, Territory of Michigan; they enacted tiiat the citizens of Prairie du Oiien be "ordained, constituted and declared to be from time to time, forever hereafter one body corporate and politic, by the name of the wardens, bur- gesses and freemen of the Borough of Prairie du Chien." The election of officers was to be by ballot ; when the freemen present should have had a reasonable time to give in their
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ballots, the box was to be opened and the ballots sorted and <»unted.
Under the powers granted by this charter they proceeded to assess a fine of $2 for allowing a chimney to blaze out at the top; $1 for hitching a horse to a fence; $2' for selling flour without inspection ; $2 fine for white persons to be seen "skulk- ing or sneaking about after 10 o'clock at night;" $2 to $5 fine for charivaries. They provided that no house should be covered with straw. That all teams should keep the middle of the street. That loaves of bread should weigh 1^ or 3 pounds. That the price of flour should be r^ulated by a <iomimittee. The inspector was to certify it as superfine, fine, or shorts, and was to receive as his fee 6^4 cents per pound. They adopted as a seal the eagle on the fifty-cent pieces of United States coin. ISTo stable was allowed within six hun- dred feet of Main street. The owner of each dog to pay 25c — such as had no visible owner to be killed by the marshal ; f$2 fine for riding or driving faster than a trot, pace or canter, such as could be kept up all day. The borough passed and repealed by-laws for three years, and stopped business in 1825.
In 1822 one of the few American citizens of Prairie du Chien started to visit his friends in tflie east, and wrote back from St. Louis the next spring that he had been sick all win- ter, but expected to be back early in the summer. N"othing having been heard from him ini the fall, the belief became general that he was dead. The facts and belief were duly present^ to the probate court, and upon a full consideration of all the circumstances of his absence and ihe length of time since he expected to return, the cxDurt held that it was fair to presume that he was dead, and appointed an administrator who proceeded to sell his property to pay his debts. In his administration account is a charge for II/2 gallons of whisky drunk at the sale of his personal property. The probate notices were published in the St. Louis Inquirer. His land was sold without license, and the probate judge became tha purchaser of his fann. It subsequently transp'ired that the
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presumption of death after a year's absence was not well founded, for in 1846 application was again made for admiiih istration on his estate, which was granted by the same judge who had done the same thing fifteen years before, and fifteen months before the man was dead.
In 1826, when United States Judge James Dnane Doty arrived at Prairie du Chien to hold court, he found the main village entirely under v/ater, the people living in the lofts of their houses, or encamped on the high ground to the east A bam on dry land was selected as a court house, the court occu- pying the threshing floor, and the jurors the hay and grain mows on either side; when the jury retired to consider their verdict they were conducted to another bam or stable.
The first settlers or traders lived chiefly upon wild meat, such as buffalo, elk, deer, ducks, muskrats and maize or Indian com ; all of which was easily procured in great abund- ance from' the Indians in exchange for traps, guns, powder^ blankets, knives, etc. The sheet-iron camp kettle was the prin- cipal article used in cooking; everything was boiled or stewed^ making a thick soup or boayou. Ini the absence of the metallic, wooden forks and spoons were used — bowls made of knots or knurly wood by the Indians were used until iron ware was introduced. My father has a bowl of this kind presented to him in Detroit in 1823. On voyages overland,, the coureur de hois would cook his meat by holding it near the fire on the point of a stick — a fish wrapped in wet leaves or grass, and cooked in hot ashes and coals, is not to be despised. Wild rice, or crazy oats, was much in use by the Indians and early settlers, boiled with meat, and parched for use on a joximey. Beans and watermelons were found among the Indi- ans by the first settlers. Pemican, made by boiling the buf- falo meat, cutting or pounding it to small pieces, and whan dried, thoroughly saturated with hot grease or tallow from the same animal, was much used upon long journeys. The buffalo tongue was of too much value to be eaten, and was generally sold with the furs and robes. Potatoes were brought
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in by tbe early settlers, but from poor cultivation soon became of an inferior quality.
The clotEing of the early settlers was made chiefly of cloth and blankets brought in from Canada. The coats for winter were roughly made of Ifackinac blankets, with, a hood that would cover tbe head, or when not so used would hang down on the back as a cape; their coats were without buttons, and were lapped in front, being held in place by a sash or belt tied or buckled around the waist. Attached to the belt waa a sheath of rawhide, in which to carry the knife, which was something smaller than our butcher knife, but of similar shape.
The pelt of a mink, marten or muskrat, open at the throat, with the head and tail entire, contained their material for smoking, consisting of a mixture of tobacco and kinnikinac, the latter made of the under-bark of the red willow. With tbis mixture were carried their flint, steel, and spunk, their sole dependence for making fire. The head of the skin bag or poudi was passed under the belt, so as to hang down over the mouth or opening, making it proof against rain or moisture.
The female attire partook somewhat of the "bloomer," and consisted of a short frock or coat and leggins, with a blanket over the shoulders, in Indian style. The wealthier women soon fell into tbe aristocratic use of calico, putting never more than seven yards into a dress, whereas fashion has since made this article to consume from twelve to twenty.
Whisky was unknown for many years in the early settle- ments; as a oonsequeuice drunkenness was scarcely known. With the soldiers stationed at the frontier posts, came whisky, rations of which were dealt out daily. But the government ration was only an aggravation to such men as had been floated into the aimy by indulging too freely in the ardent at home, and thus been transferred from homes of comfort and affluence to the gutter, where they were picked up by the recniiting sergeants. To such the ration only imparted a desire for more; and the expedients resorted to for its pro- curement were ingenious and amusing. The sentinels not
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allowing' it to be brought in at the gate, a soldier out on pa^ would tie his bottle of whisky to the end of a cord, reach- ing out from a Avindow in the fort, w'hich was drawn, in by his bunkraate. A citizen was allowed to pass ini to sell milk, whidh made a satisfactory showing in a false top of the bucket, while the bulk of the contents below was whisky. Men engaged at the wash house near the river, among other wet clothes would carry in a blanket soaked with whisky, which was wrung out and the remaining fumes extracted by snuff- ing. The imbibing was frequently attended with so much indiscretion that the participants became hilarious, which resulted in a sobering off in the guard house, and a stoppage of a month's pay.
While serving out their enlistments in tlie army, men of energy and foresight iselected eligible sitnation® for homes oni the public lands, upon Avhich they settled at the expiration of their time. Hereon making valuable improvemlenits, they thus often became the first settlers of the country who made any material advancement in the cultivation of the soil. IN'early all of the early locations outside of the old French settlements were made by men who had served their time in the army. They were entitled to, and received much aid and encourage- ment from the officers in the forts, who knew them to have served their country Avith zeal and fidelity.
Some of the soldiers found at Fort Crawford in 1836 were of aristocratic families in the east; but falling into habits of intemperance and wandering from home, they enlisted under assumed names and ooiTcsponded with their friends at home over their proper names, professing to be settlers on the fron- tier or in some trade or traffic. They did this to save their friends the mortification of discovering that they were soldiers.
Tradition gives us some idea of what the early settlers knew of farming. Their rude plow, constructed chiefly of wood Avith an iron share or point, Avas draAvn by forming a connec- tion between it and two or more horses or oxen, by means of ropes or thongs made of rawhide, which would be long or short as the weather happened to be wet or dry.
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Their harrow was constructed entirely of wood, and it is sa-id to have done its work fully as well or better than the rough plow.
Their vehicle for smamer was a cart made entirely 'of wood, with felloes so large and well pinned together, that they served a good purpose, and could be easily repaired.
Carts of this construction have until comparatively recent years been used in transporting furs and supplies between Pembina and St. Paul.
Por snow, the Prenehi train or sled was used. This eon^ sisted of two runners about a foot wide, with cross-pieces near the top, under which were fastened thin boards split and shaved, bent up in front. The shafts were heavy poles, with a crook outward near the hind legs of the horse, with holes at the girt of the horse, into which the draft pins, attached by thongs to the hames, were inserted. In deep snow the bottom boards rested on it.
The train was six to eight feet long, two and a half wide, with stakes four feet high; and raves running lengthwise fitted on them near tlie top. Thongs or withes were placed across the top to prevent the stakes spreading with a load. They were capable of carrying about half a ton of freights The driver usually stood on the rear end, from which he could readily step to the ground and steady his load, when in dan- ger of upsetting. It was well adapted to travelling in a new and roadless country ; being narrow it could pass wherever the horse and shafts could squeeze between trees, logs, or stones.
The train is still in use on the far northern frontier. The dog train was a smooth, limber board, fifteen or twenty inches wide and nine to twelve feet long, turned up in front, drawn by dogs harnessed in front of each other; the loading was tied on with cords or thongs passing through holes in cleats fastened on the upper side of the runner, and had to be well wrapped in deer skin in the hair, to prevent damage in passing among trees and brush. This train was used in transporting furs and Indian goods through wild and rough country, where a horse could not travel, and in deep snow.
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T'hree well-trained dogs with a good train and harness would take six hundred to eight hundred pounds of loading from thirty to sixty miles in a day, the driver riding a portion of the time. These dogs were fed only at night on dried meat or fish ; and being tired they would not leave the camp, but lie by the fire all night.
The sickle \Va& used in cutting grain, which was bound with small willows brought into the field iu bundles, which custom prevails to some extent at the present time among the French Creole farmers. The pitchfork was made of a forked stick pressed into proper shape ; the prongs were ]x>inted and slightly burned or charred, making them hard and durable; rakes were seldom iif ever used.
Grain was threshed with flails which now are nearly obso- lete, except in the buckwheat harvest. Machinery has so nearly supplanted the old flail, tliat it is today looked uponi as a relic of barbarism'.
They cleaned their grain by shaking it in a fan or flat box, by which the chaff would rise to the surface, and was removed by hand ; or the wind would serve to blow the chaff out, as the grain, was poured from a height in a small stream.
The first attempt at grinding grain was by large-sized cof- fee mills. Previous to the erection of water mills, horse mills had been in operation from about the year 1785, and were capable of grinding from ten to twelve bushels per day only, with a two-horse team. A large upright shaft with an arm projecting, to which the horses were attached, with a large drum which revolved above and with the horses, constituted the horse power. A belt of rawhide passed around the drum and off around the spinille shaft, to which the upper millstone was attached. The flour and bran were separated by a sift- ing process, propelled by hand.
Com was for many years of the early settlements the -dhief substitute for bread. The hull or glazing was removed by boiling in lye or with ashes, then rinsed and boiled again in clear water to remove all taste of the lye, and cooked with
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meat or fish. It was made into hominy by the use of the mortar and pestle.
Sweet com w^as made by boiling the ears when in the milk, and shelling by passing a pointed stick between the rows; it was preserved for future use by drying in. the sun. They had none of ihe present varieties of sweet com.
Swane M'ero introduced here previous to 1800, tlie precise date being unknown. They were of, or soon deteriorated to the gray-hound species; the neck, head, and snout comprising about a third of the animal. During the simuner they were self-sustaining, living upon grass, roots, crawfish, and clams in the islands and bayous. The wolves sooni acqviired' a taste for young pork, and made frequent raids upon herds which ventured too faj- from, home, which were generally frustrated by a rally cf all the old porkers into a warlike circle around the youngsters, presenting to the enemy a solid phalanx of snarling, bristling snouts, through which no judicious wolf w^ould attempt to force a passage.
When the inhabitants became sufficiently numerous to form a French-four, dancing was foremost in the list of amusements. Tradition tells us that a ball could be inaugurated on short notice, by the contributioni of a few ounces of tea by one, sugar, hulled corn, etc., by others; these requisites left at a private house, and notice circulated, would draw the entire neighborhood together as "vnth a magnetic power. The music cost little or nothing, for a goodly portion of the primeval settlers were fiddlers, and would take turns at practicing their art At the danc^, style was not expected or required. Society had no grades. White, red, and black mingled in the merry dance with the utmost hannony. The thirteenth amend- ment was in full and practical operation long before its legal enactment was dreamed of. After dancing through the cata- logue of figures, consisting of reels, country dances, and minu- ets, a jig was usually started, in which the greatest dexterity was displayed; the music quick and inspiriner, hurried the dancer through all the variations of the pigeon-vnng, and single 12 [ 165 ]
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and double shuffle, until a failure of muscle was perceptible, when his or her place was taken by another who fancied he or she could improve upon the exploits of the predecessor. "Hoe corn and dig potatoes" w'as one of the frontier names for the jig dance. The dance generally continued until morning, and not infrequently until the next morning. Foot racing, wrest- ling, jumping, base ball and the game of la crosse, were much, practiced.
But the most exciting outrdoor sport was the running, trot- ting, and pacing of horses. The ice was mostly used for trot- ting and pacing. When the judges were in position, at each end of the track, the horses attached to sleighs or trains, were started, the drivers hallooing and applying the whip — the spec- tators occupying the space on each side of the track, hurrying along to see the outcome, each making as much noise as he chose, cheering on his favorite horse. The fastest horse in the Old Il^orthwest was tlie celebrated Black H]awk, owned by the late Col. Hercules Dousman of Prairie du Chien. The horse, which was owned by Pierre Paquette at the Portage during the Black Hawk War — ^being purchased by Dousmian soon after Paquette's death in 1835 — was (of a dark brown color, high in front, and large size, had no gait except a rack or pace, and would go a mile in 2 :40. He lived to near the age of thirty years, and died about 1858. •
For nearly a century the early settlers were without the re- straining influences of law or gospel. It is not strange that they gave a loose rein to their instincts and passions. In their mari- tal relations they patterned after the savages who surrounded them,, and with whom alone they had social intercourse. Their morals and virtues were of a very low standard, compared witH that in the land of steady habits.
The most virtuous Christian and upright men who emigrated to the frontier, often soon laid aside their morals, but seldom their honor and self respect. Their word must be as good as their bond, or disgrace was sure to be the penalty. He who wil- fully neglected or failed to meet his engagements, or falsified
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his word, would find it necessary to seek a new location, the lease of which he knew woxdd depend upon his good behavior.
Grambling: seems to have prevailed in all frontier society, in all countries and in all ages. From this evil practice the early settlers in the ISTorthwest were not exempt. Nights, rainy days, and much of their unoccupied time were spent frequently in playing loo, four-seven, piquet, vingt-un, and whist; poker and bragg were introduced by the officers and soldiers at the military posts.
At balls, those who from age or inclination did not participate in the dance, were supplied with a table and cards in a separate room or comer. The women sometimes joined in, the gambling. Lotteries, roulette, faro, and the higher order of gaming are of modem introduction, always accompanying the more advanced stages of civilization.
Many of the unmarried officers stationed on the frontier, who were quite proficient in the dead languages, for the purpose of facilitating their intercourse with the Indians, frequently un- dertook the study of the languages of the contiguous Indian tribes. For this purpose it was necessary to employ an inter- preter; and it was observed by all, and remarked upon by Col. Zachar)^ Ta^^lor, that they uniformly employed in that capacity, young and handsome Indian girls who were generally called walking dictionaries.
Previous to the running of steamboats on the upper Missis- sippi, which commenced in 1824, all merchandise and freights were transported in keel boats, Mackinac boats, perogues, skifEi^ or canoey.
The keels were ]3Topelled chiefly by long poles and human muscle. On each side of the deck was a gangway or walk for the boatmen, who were divided, an equal number on each side. The captain, who was generally pilot, took his position at the helm or steering-oar, on the stem. The boatmen in position near the bow set their poles, placed their shoulders to the upper ends and pushed as they walked to the stem, which moved the boat its length, with a headway which was not lost until the men had again taken their position at the bow for another piush.
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When the bank was suitable for cordelling, the men were put ashore like horses on a tow path, at the end of a long rope, by which the boat was drawn. They were supplied with a mast and sail, for use in favorable winds. Oars were seldom used on the large class of keel boats, except in deep water and in de- scending the river.
Tlie construction of the Mackinac boat was similar to that of our skiffs, except that the craft terminated in a sharp point at both ends. They were of various lengths, from twenty to fifty or more feet, and from five to seven feet Broad on the bottom, and two and one-half to three and one-half high ; they were pro- pelled b)' oars, and the sail was sometimes used.
The tedium' of lonely voyages was frequently relieved, and drooping spirits revived, by all hands joining in Canadian boat songs, to the musio of which their oars were made to keep time, with as much exactness as the step of the soldier conforms to the notes of the drum and fife. Their songs were loudest on their near approach to the end of their voyage. I^othing could be more toiichingj to the sympathetic lieart than to witness the joy and delight of the wives and children of a crew of boatmen, as- sembled on the margin of the river, listening to the homeward- bound songs of the husbands and fathers, as they returned from a long absence. ISTo sooner did the boat touch the home landing than the men would bound ashore, to be received with open arms and heartfelt greetings by wives and little ones. The next busi- ness in order was a dance, at which the boatmen met and re- ceived the congTatulations of friends and neighbors.
These voyages were attended with many hardships; never stopping for foul weather, the men were obliged to camp wher- ever night overtook them. After eating their supper and smok- ing their pipes they would wrap themselves in blankets and lie down to sleep in the boat, or near a fire kindled on shore.
Voyages for supplies for the Indian trade were made once or twice a year to St. Louis and Green Bay ; these were transported to the trading posts on the upper Mississippi River and its trib- utaries, upon all of which, above and below Prairie du Chien,
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the fur company establislied trading posts at an early period. The sub-traders at the outposts were furnished with outfits for the winter trade, and ,v.'ere required to respond in the spring Avith a corre "iV.iidin;;' amonnt of fnrs or account for the remain- der.
The first settlers of tlie Northwest were necessarily con- structed of bones of brass and sinews of iron. Those who weire •no' of this build, had either to acquire a capacity for endurai- e or renin.in ai l.oTiie. A? the man of superior intellect soon bo- comes known and looked up to as such, so in those primitive days the strong man soon became the well-knowli and acknowl- edged bully or champion in his community. The man who en^ tertained doubts on the subject, had but to express ihein in such a public manner as to attract the notice of the strong man ; the time was appointed, the ring formed, and the question settled by taking the conceit out of the unbeliever.
The strong man of Prairie du Chien was visited some sixty years since by the bully of Green Bay, for the purpose of testing their physical prowess. He found the man of the Prairie in the field following his plow. The visitor introduced himself and announced, the object of his visit, at the same time extending his hand, which was taken by the man at the plow, and held so tightly and so long as to squeeze all the self-suificiencj^ out of the wanderer, who returned home as well satisfied as if he had been pounded to a jelly.
The total absence of sawed timber, as well as the scarcity of tools to work in wood, forced the early settlers into a style of building which was both novel and useful. The upright timj- bers for a building — except three or four feet of the end to be set in the gTound — were roughly hewn on all sides, in two op- posite sides of which, except the corner posts, a large groove was made. After placing the uprights firmly in the ground from four to eight feet apart, timbers with flattened ends were placed in the grooves so as to rest upon each other, the crevices being danbed or plastered with a mixture of clay and water. The building was shingled with bark, straw, or long grass, thatched
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thickly. These buildings, when well daubed or plastered, an operation needed every fall, were far more comfortable than the frame buildings of today, and when well whitewashed looked quite respectable, especially at a distance. The floors were made of puncheons, or split logs notched do\Vn on the sleepers.
Although the early settlers enjoyed few religious privileges, and were negligent in their devotions, yet when death had laid his cold hand upon one of a family, much anxiety was felt foi" the sufferer's welfare in the future. This was manifested by a woman living on the upper Mississippi, who was about to lose her babe, which had not been baptized. There being no priest in the country, she sent for Joseph R. Brown, a justice of the peace, who at her earnest solicitation, with swelling heart and tearful eyes, read the baptismal service and christened the babe. The mother's heart was made glad, but no one was more spirit- ually benefitted than the justice, to whom the recurrence of the occasion always brought serious thoughts in regard to the spirit land, to which he too was called a few years later.
The game of la crosse, an Indian game, was played by divid- ing the players into two equal parties, amounting frequently to a hundred on a side. The ground was an open prairie, on which the two bases were from a half to a mile or more apart. The starting point was central between them ; near this were depos- ited the stakes or wagers, consisting of ponies, guns, blankets, wampum, and other valuables furnished in equal quantity by eaeih party. Each party had a crosse, a stick about four and one-half feet in length, bent to a circle on one end, across which leather strings were passed and tied in the centre, so as to sag sufficiently to hold the ball.
The game is commenced by throwing up the ball at the staler ing point; the effort being to catch it within the net, and throw it towards the base of the catcher. The best players follow the ball — all others are auxiliaries. !No one is allowed to touch the ball ^vith hand or foot; it must be caught in its flight, or be picked from the ground by the crosse. Several in each party are in a continual scramble around the ball, and in the wild
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excitement many injuries are inflicted. A contest occupied many hours, and was attended by all in the neighborhood. The party to whose base the ball is ifirst brought, are the winners, and the stakes are divided among them.
Coiuuel Brisbois witnessed a game at Prairie du Chien, in which several different tribes were participants, and the prop- erty at stake amounted to (several hundred dollars in value. The adaptability of Prairie La Crosse, and the frequent games played there, gave it its name.
The want of small change was a serious inconvenience; to remedy this, a fractional currency was coined without a mint, by cutting a dollar into eight or ten pieces and making each a legal tender for twelve and one-half cents. Picayunes, or six and one-fourth cents, were furnished by dividing the aforesaid parts into pieces, l^o copper coin was used until about 1850.
Some sixty years ago, and a few years subsequent to the Black Hawk War, in observance of the adage that peace is the time wherein to prepare for war, a thorough organization of the Territorial militia was provided for by law.
The governor was authorized to and did appoint a full com- plement of major and brigadier-generals and their usual subor- dinates, and the law provided for the appointment of sergeant- majors, quartermaster-sergeants, sergeant standard bearers, drum-majors and tnimpet-majors, and for the enrollment bf all citizens between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years.
In compliance with this programme the staff officers of Craw- ford County convened at the old court house and prepared a list of all subject to duty, the privates slightly outnumbering the commanding ofEcers. The latter, being ignorant of military tactics, were under the necessity of devolving the duties of drill- sergeant upon Benjamin Bowles, a veteran of the regular army.
Achilles was vulnerable only in the heel : not so with Bowles. On the day appointed for martial exercise, six men appeared for duty. Although destitute of uniforms, or any manner of mili- tary accoutrements, they mianifested a commendable willingness to face the enemy's cannon provided they were charged with
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nol'hing more destnictive than whisky. Drill-master Bowles, being one of the few mortals who could not stand prosperity, beoaniie p'uffed up with military dignity. Proud in advance of the grand display he was about to' achieve, he commenced early in his wonted applications to his true inwardness, so that when roused by the drum-major with his tin pan, he, upon whom all reliance was placed — 'was found totally hors de combat.
Thus the martial spirit of our early inhabitants was extin- guished for tlie time being by a wave of forty-rod whisky, and slumbered until aroused by tlie tocsin of the Mexican War. Then, military ardor again blazed forth in the rally of ninety men, under command of Capt. Wyram Knowlton, who bravely occupied Fort Crawford in the capacity of home guards. For this service, in addition to their regular pay, they all received land warrants, as soldiers in tbe Mexican War.
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Recollections of Antoine Grignon
The Recollections of Antoine Grignon
By Eben D. Pierce
Antoine Grignon was bora at old Fort Crawford, Prairie du Ohien, in 1828. His father was French and Winnebago, and his mother French and Sioux. His father, Amable, was for many years employed by the American Fnr Company, and at different) times rendered valuable service to the federal govern- ment as interpreter for Indian n^otiations. During the Black Hawk War he had charge of a keel boat, which he navigated from Prairie du Chien to the Bad Axe.
Through the kindness of Col. Zachary Taylor, yoimg Grignon was given an education in the common branches, and while yet a youth went with his father to Dakota, Minn., and began work for the American Fur Company. In 1845 he moved to Trempealeau, where he still continued in the employ of the oomr pany. Four years later he secured a position as storekeeper for A. T. Bailey at Wabasha, Minn., and carried on an extensive trade with the Sioux Indians, and the hunters and trappers of that vicinity. During the winter of 1849 he took a large sup- ply of goods to Holmes's Landing (now Fountain City, Wis.) and traded with the Sioux in that locality. When spring came, he loaded his goods in canoes and moved down the Mississippi, and through lakes and sloughs, to the place where Marshland now stands. Here he spent several months trading his goods
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for furs, paxticularly for beaver, simoe a numlber of Sioux had been trapping up the Trempealeau valley and w^re camped near Marshland. After securing a supply of furs, Grignon returned to Wabasha and gave up his position.
When the government removed the Winnebago to the Min- nesota reservation, Grignon was employed to locate camps along the Mississippi and explain to the Indianis the proposed removal. He located several camps and induced the tribes- men tlo assemble at La Ctosse, where they were placed aboard a boat and taken to St. Paul, thence proceeding overland to Long Prairie.
Soon after the removal of the Winnebago, Grignon secured a position at Long Prairie as storekeeper for the Hudson's Bay Company. Here he had to deal with traders, trappers, and Indians belonging to the Winnebago, Sioux, and Chippewa tribes. This gave him an excellent opportunity for studying Indian nature in its wildest moods.
The following incident related by Grignon, is a good illus- tration of the barbarous and revengeful spirit of the savage. There was bad feeling between the Sioux and Chippewa; |in fact, in those days, there was most always war between these tribes. A number of Chippewa warriors had been killed, and three of that tribe set out on the war-path to avenge the death of their departed brothers. They returned in the course of a week with (five Sioux scalps. One was that of a woman, with long black hair ; the ears were adherent to it, and dangling from them were ear-rings. These bloody trophies the warriors displayed with great delight, and while the throng were gloatr ing over the scalps in hilarious savage ecstacy, a heart and strip of flesh from the side of a Sioux warrior were produced. The flesh was stuck on a muskrat spear, and the Indians flocked around it with fiendish joy. An old squaw who had lost a relative at the hands of the iSioux, emerged from the throng and, taking a knife, cut a piece of flesh from the spear and ate it. Then f ollow'ed others, whose barbaric demands for trevenge were satisfied by eating the flesh of their enemy.
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Not long after this the Winnebago had trouble jwith the Chippewa. The son of a Winnebago chief who was, one cold winter day, taJring a journey on horseback, stopped at a Chip- pewa's wigwam' to wami. He entered the tepee, and seated himself near the fire. Suspecting no harm, he did not iwatch the inmates, and Iw'as quietly gazing into the fire. A Chippewa warrior arose, and without the slightest warning snatched a tomahawk from the ground and struck the young Winnebago dead. When Chief Little Priest heard of the outrage he demanded revenge, land sent some of his warriors in quest of the murderer. They returned with the chief and three Chip- pewa scalps. Feeling that justice had now been done, they were willing to drop the matter. The Chippewa, however, were inclined to take the war-path and sent word to Little Priest that they were coming with a war-party. Little Priest returned word that he would be ready at any time they (wished to come ; this, however, they did not do, and so the trouble ended.
Dissatisfied with the wild rough life of the woods, Grignon returned to Trempealeau, and in 1856 accepted a position as storekeeper for James Beatty, at the Blue Earth agency near Mankato, Minn. But after working six months he again returned to Trempealeau, and there has lived ever since.
Speaking of his experience, he says: "In all my dealings with the Indians I never had a single thing stolen and never lost a cent. Whenever they agreed to pay me either in furs or money, the promise was always fulfilled."
Grignon told a story of a Sioux's experience in trying to catch a pig, which shows the humorous side of Indian nature. A party of Sioux, in several canoes, were returning from Prairie du Chien where they had been trading. In their voyage up the Mississippi they passed several farms. In a riverside pasture were seen several pigs, some of which were about large enough for roasting. Old Kokshun hp,d a long- ing for roast pig, and told his fellow braves that if they would wait he would step ashore and catch one of the gnmters. They accordingly beached their canoes, and Kokshun proceeded
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to his task. He succeeded in catching a small pig, and started toward his canoe on the run — hut difficulties' arose ; for when the young porker began to squeal the old sow" gave chase, and headed off the retreating Indian. He shouted to his waiting comrades for help, but they only laughed and jeered at him, and immensely ienjoyed the ridiculous situation. Finally one of the party cried to Kokshun to run into the water, where upon he instantly plunged in, to be followed, to his dismay, by the old sow. The other savages were now roaring ^vitll laughter, and Kokshun, seeing escape impossible, threw the young pig to its mother and hurried as fast as possible to his canoe. When the sow saw that her suckling was safe, she quietly withdrew; bvit the old Indian's troubles did not cease, for from that day, he became the laughing stock of his village, and over and over again the tribesmen would tell each other the story of old Kokshim and the pig.
Grignon took a deep interest in Indians, and was a keen observer of their customs. His honest, straight-forward man- ner, and his cool, deliberate judgment made him a great fav- orite among the tribesmen!, by whom he was often called upon to settle difficulties that arose among them. Familiar with French and E^nglish, and able, also, to speak both the Sioux and Winnebago dialects, he was a useful interpreter, and ren- dered much valuable service as an adviser both tO' the Indians; and the federal government. Even to this day, the Winne- bago, when difficulties arise, come to him for consultation, and many of the older members of the tribe come to visit with him and talk over bygone days.
He tells me that he has been acquainted with some very intelligent Indians, among them, Winoshiek and Big Fire. The latter was noted in his tribe as an astronomer, and had studied the heavens, being familiar with the prominent groups of stars. According to him the old-time Indians studied the stars with much interest, naming the various constellations and dividing the firmament into different sections, in order more conveniently to study and map the stars.
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G
I have talked with Grignon about the early settlement of Trempealeau Coiintj, and discussed the s\;bject o£ French forts located along the Mississippi River. He is familiar with the site of Perrot's old wintering post^ al)Ove the village of Trempealeau, and has made some interesting excavations among the ruins. At one time he dug out a gun-barrel and several scraps of iron and pieces of coal. Only a few months ago one of the Grignon boys exhumed a large copper ncodle from the ruins of the old fort, also unearthed a peculiar stone with grooved depressions encircling it, of the shaj^e and size of a cigar, pointed at both ends. When Reed, Grignon's step- father, came to T'rempealeau in 1840, he found several eleva- tions where the foundation of the old post once stood. Possibly this indicates that there were several buildings erected by Perrot, or that other forts were placed in this vicinity during the French occupation.
Thus with the passing years evidence accumulates which points with increasing surety to the old French ,post of Perrot upon the banks of the Mississippi, where the Trempealeau bluffs lend a charm to the scenery of the grand old river.
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576 W75 1904
Wisconsin. State Historical Society- Proceedings
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