ANNUAL REPORT CANADIAN CLUB

WINNIPEG

I9O9-191O

SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF

THE CANADIAN CLUB

OF WINNIPEG

WINNIPEG ORGANIZED 1904

SEASON OF 1909-10

OFFICERS

CANADIAN CLUB, WINNIPEG

1909-1910

President 1st Vice-President 2nd Vice-President Literary Secretary Honorary Secretary Honorary Treasurer

REV. C. W. GORDON, D.D., LL.D.

MR. A. B. STOVEL

MR. THEO. A. HUNT

MR. EDWARD W. DuVAL

MR. R. H. SMITH

MR. A. L. CROSSIN

Executive Committee

ARTHUR CONGDON F. W. DREWRY D. M. DUNCAN

A. R. FORD DR. J. A. MACARTHUR

R. H. SHANKS J. J. VOPNI

J. B. MITCHELL

ISAAC PITBLADO, K.C.

President, 1910-191 1

Honorary Members of the Canadian Club of Winnipeg

WILLIAM HENRY DRUMMOND (DECEASED) His EXCELLENCY EARL GREY, G.C.M.G.

GENERAL WILLIAM BOOTH FIELD MARSHAL EARL ROBERTS, V.C

LORD MILNER, G.C.B.

LORD STRATHCONA, G.C.M.G.

SIR ERNEST SHACKLETON, K.C.V.O.

LIEUT. GENERAL SIR ROBERT BADEN POWELL, K.C.B., F.R.G.S.

PAST PRESIDENTS

OF

THE CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG Organized 1904

1904-5 . . J. S. EWART, K.C.

1905-6 . . J. A. M. AIKINS, K.C.

1906-7 . . G. R. CROWE

1907-8 . . WILLIAM WHYTE

1908-9 . . J. B. MITCHELL

1909-10 REV. C. W. GORDON, D.D.

W. SANFORD EVANS

Winnipeg President Association of Canadian Clubs, 1910-1911

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

Minutes of the 7th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Club,

of Winnipeg, held on November 5th, 1910, Rev. C.

W. Gordon, D.D., President, in the Chair.

Immediately following the luncheon, Mr. J. A. M. Aikins, K.C., drew attention to the fact that the meeting of the first parliament of the South African Union was being convened on this day, and moved, seconded by Col. S. B. Steele, C. B., that the following cable be sent to the ' Right Honorable Louis Botha, Capetown: "The Canadian Club of Winnipeg, now assembled, appreciating the benefits of Confederation, congratulates the South African Union on the opening of its first parliament, wish it great success, and hopes the North and South Dominions, as well as the East and West, may continue united in the British Empire for mutual good and world peace." The resolution was carried unanimously.

The President referred to the very successful year the Club had enjoyed, and made special reference to the honor conferred upon the Club by the election to the positions on the Executive of the Association of Canadian Clubs of two members of the Winnipeg Club ; His Worship Mayor W. Sanford Evans, being elected President, and Mr. Theo. A. Hunt, Vice-President for Manitoba, The Presi- dent extended to these gentlemen the congratulaitons of the Club upon their election to such important offices in the Association.

On motion of Mr. R. H. Smith, seconded by Mr. R. A. Rumse}^, the minutes of the last annual meeting were approved.

The report of the Honorary-Secretary for year 1909-10, was then submitted as follows:

Winnipeg, Nov. 2nd, 1910.

To the President and Members of Winnipeg Canadian Club : Gentlemen :

I have the honor of submitting herewith the sixth annual report of the Canadian Club of Winnipeg, dealing with its operations during the year ending with the first Tuesday in November, 1910.

CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

The number of meetings held by the Club were some- what less than in previous years, the condition of politics in the Mother Country having considerable effect in pre- venting many of the prominent men from visiting Canada. Some thirteen luncheons, however, were held and on each occasion the members had the pleasure of hearing an interesting and valuable address on some topic of local or national concern.

The event of the year, that in its national import overshadowed all others was the death of our beloved sovereign, King Edward the Seventh. The Club expressed its sympathy with the members of the Royal Family and loyalty to the new Sovereign in a suitable resolution. At a luncheon held a few days after the lamented event, a grace- ful tribute was paid to the memory of the late King in Mr. Spurgeon's eloquent address on "King Edward the Peace- maker."

Among those who were the guests of the Club, it will not be invidious to mention men of such world wide reputa- tion as Lt. -General Sir Baden-Powell and Sir Ernest Shackleton, both of w^hom honored the Club by accepting the position of Honorary Life members. Very valuable addresses were also delivered by Dr. Falconer, President of Toronto University, and Henry Vivian, M.P., (England), on important matters of local interest.

The range and variety of interests that occupied the attention of the Club is shown by the list of addresses given below:

Nov. 10, 1909— Annual Meeting, E. D. Martin, (City), "Conditions in Australia and Atti- tude of Sister Commonwealth To- wards Canada."

Jan. 15, 1910— Mr. E. G. H. H. Hay (Lockport), "Reminis- cences of Early Winnipeg."

Feb. 15, 1910— Dr. R. A. King, (Indore College, India), "Britain's Work in India — Problems Unsolved."

March 30, 1910— Mr. J. G. Colmer, C. M. G., (London, Eng- land), "How Canadian Interests Have Developed in Great Britain."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

April 20, 1910— Dr. Robert Falconer, (Toronto), "Univer- sity Organization in Toronto. ' '

May 16, 1910 — Mr. Arthur Spurgeon, (London, England), "King Edward the Peacemaker,"

May 21, 1910— Lt. Sir Ernest Shackleton, (London, Eng- land), "The British South Pole Ex- pedition/'

June 13, 1910 — Commissioner Coombes, (Toronto), "Canada in the Making,"

June 29, 1910— Col. George T. Dension, (Toronto), "Im- perial Unity."

Aug. 26, 1910— Lt.-Gen. Sir Baden-Powell, K.C.B., (London, England), "The Boy Scout Move- ment."

Sept. 5, 1910— Mr. Henry Vivian, M. P., (Birkenhead, Eng- land), "Ideal Sanitary Housing of the Masses."

Sept. 13, 1910— Sir George Doughty, (Grimsby, England), "The Future of Greater Britain."

Oct. 14, 1910 — Sir Henry Spencer Berkeley, (Hong Kong), "British Influence in the Orient."

Following the suggestion made in a previous report of the Honorary Secretary that the Club should endeavor to stimulate and encourage the study of Canadian History, your Executive Committee early in the year offered cash scholarships to the students taking the highest per cent- age of marks in the subject of Canadian history in con- nection with the University and Teachers Examinations, two scholarships of $30 each and two of $20 each, being given by the Club. This matter was so well received by the University and Educational authorities, that it is pro- posed to continue these scholarships and through this means to stimulate the study of Canadian history through- out the Province.

One of the interesting incidents of the year was the part taken by the Club in the celebration of Empire Day, when some thirty speakers, all members of the Club, delivered patriotic addresses in the various public schools,

CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

and the readiness with which the members of the Club responded to the invitation that they give a patriotic address on that day was very greatly appreciated' by your Executive.

The effect of the efforts of the Club during the past two years, looking towards the more general celebration of Canada's National Holiday, "Dominion Day," was quite noticeable, the merchants of the city decorating their win- dows with the Canadian Ensign and flags were displayed on all buildings. Your Club also distributed among the school children of the City on Dominion Day, some 12,000 miniature silk flags, each flag being accompanied by a card with patriotic greetings from the Club. These sou- venirs going practically into every home in the city, had, in opinion of your Executive, considerable to do with the increased interest with which the day was celebrated.

The second annual conference of the Association of Canadian Clubs was held in Toronto during September last, the Winnipeg Club being represented by its Secre- tary, when matters of interest concerning the Canadian Club movement were discussed, and measures taken cal- culated to bring the various Clubs into closer affiliation. Your Club was especially honored in having two of its members elected to prominent positions in the Association, Hns Worship, Mayor Evans, being selected as President, and Theo. A. Hunt, as Vice-President for Manitoba. The Association also decided to hold its conference next year at Winnipeg.

The membership of the Club at the close of the year stands at 1,048. The finances of the Club will also be found in good shape, as evidenced by the report of the Honorary Treasurer, which will be submitted at this meeting.

Respectfully submitted,

R. H. SMITH,

Honorary Secretary.

On motion of the Secretary, seconded by Mr. J. B. Mitchell, the report was adopted.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

The report of the Treasurer, Mr. A. L. Crossin, was submitted as follows :

Receipts.

Balance on hand, November 1st, 1909 .$1,159.27

Membership fees — 1,048 members 2,096.00

Luncheon tickets sold 917.75

Bank interest . 20.00

$4,193.02 Disbursements.

Postage $ 270.20

Printing and stationery 511.10

Membership card cases 239.20

Telegrams 70.00

Stenographer 130.00

Verbatim reports of addresses 126.50

Cab hire 19.00

Expenses of guests of Club 110.75

Music at luncheons, etc 57.00

Expenses of Secretary attending Convention

Canadian Clubs— Toronto 125.00

Sundry expenses 47.85

Luncheons 1,061.00

Subscription to Captain Kennedy Memorial 100.00

Canadian flags for distribution to schools on

Dominion Day 50.96

Prizes to Pubic Schools for essays on

Canadian History 100.00

Balance in Molsons Bank 1,174.46

$4,193.02 A. L. CROSSIN, Hon.-Treasurer.

We have examined the Books and Vouchers of the Canadian Club of Winnipeg for year ending 31st October, 1910, and hereby certify the above to be a true and correct statement of the Receipts and Disbursements for that period.

H. C. THOMPSON, )

R. H. MAINER, j Auditors

Winnipeg, November, 3rd, 1910.

10 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

On motion of Mr. Theo. A. Hunt, seconded by Mr. James Stuart, the report was adopted.

Mr. R. A. Rumsey, Chairman of the Nominating Com- mittee, submitted the report of that Committee, recommend- ing the following officers for year 1910-11 :

President : Isaac Pitblado, K.C.

First Vice-President : A. A. Gilroy.

Second Vice-President: Major A. C. Macdonell, D.S.O.

Literary Secretary: Robert Fletcher, B. A.

Hon. Secretary: R. H. Smith.

Hon. Treasurer : R. A. Rumsey.

Executive Committee:

Geo. H. Greig George Fisher S. L. Barrowclough

F. H. Stewart Dr. J. S. Gray Dr. C. W. Gordon

Theo. A. Hunt F. H. Schofield, B.A.

•

The report of the Nominating Committee was unani- mously adopted.

Dr. James W. Robertson, Chairman of the Royal Com- mission on Industrial Training and Technial Education, then delivered an eloquent address dealing with the work of the Commission, after which the meeting adjourned.

Addresses of the Year.

Following the custom established in previous annual reports, abstracts of the several addresses delivered before the Club during the year 1909-10, appear in this report. The official reporter of the Club has supplied a verbatim report of every address delivered before the Club during the past year, which may be perused upon application to the Honorary Secretary.

Christmas Greetings.

Greetings from the President, Officers and members of the Club, were, at the Christmas Season, extended to the Honorary Members of the Club, the Presidents of all Canadian Clubs throughout Canada and to the speakers who have from time to time addressed the Club. The

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 11

greeting card issued by the Club was rather unique, con- sisting of a folder, the inner pages containing selections of patriotic verse and prose, and a list of the officers of the Club. A head of wheat, "Manitoba No. 1, Hard," was attached to cover with ribbon, the cover bearing the crest of the Club and the inscription "Greetings from the World's Wheat Centre."

I see to every wind unfurled

The flag that bears the Maple - Wreath ; Thy swift keels furrow round the world,

Its blood-red folds beneath.

Thy swift keels cleave the furthest seas;

Thy white sails swell with alien gales; To stream on each remotest breeze

The black smoke of thy pipes exhales.

O Falterer, let thy past convince

Thy future — all the growth, the gain,

The fame since Cartier knew thee, since Thy shores beheld Champlain!

Montcalm and Wolfe ! Wolfe and Montcalm !

Quebec, thy storied citadel Attest in burning song and psalm

How here thy heroes fell !

Charles G. D. Roberts.

12 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

THE CONGRESS OF THE CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE OF THE EMPIRE.

November 10th, 1909.

Mr. E. D. Martin, President of the Winnipeg Board of Trade.

After expressing his pleasure at appearing before the Canadian Club, Mr. Martin described briefly the journey to Sydney, the entertainment provided for the delegates at Honolulu, Brisbane and other points en route and pro- ceeded in part as follows : —

"The public buildings of Sydney are very fine indeed, the town hall especially ; and I would like to say that the town halls and all the buildings we went to were fine. I think we are behind the times in that respect, not only in Winnipeg, but in all Canada.

"A very large proportion of the population of Austra- lia seems to have concentrated in Sydney and in Melbourne, a much larger proportion being found in the cities than here in Canada. There is a general feeling that it would be very much better to get these people out on to the lands. Their farm lands are productive and easy to farm. They have grass for their cattle all the year round and do not need to house them. One of the managers of a government farm told me the great difficulty in getting people on the land was that it was too easy to make a living in Australia, and I think this fact, coupled with the very warm climate, tends to make the people indolent.

"The constitution of the Commonwealth differs from that of Canada. Here certain things are given to the Province to do, the balance being retained by the Dominion. There the states have handed certain things over to the federal government and retained the balance. They were very strong, and did not wish to give up any more than was absolutely necessary. It was thought that gradually the states would give up some of the powers granted to them and hand these over to the Federal Government, but I think the longer they go on the more tenaciously will they cling to the powers given them and the less inclined they will be to give to the Federal Government any more than it

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 13

has at present. This will have the effect of continuing the difficulties met with in the past, and these appear to be great in reference to the railways, which are theoretically under the Federal Government, but practically owned by the states and built on different gauges. The question of getting these under the same gauge is a live one now.

"The Australians adhere very strongly to English practice in managing their affairs. They have recently passed an act under which they are going to coin their own money and they are to retain pounds, shillings and pence, instead of adopting the decimal system. Their railways and tramways, too, are managed on the same lines as in England. In the matter of roadways and bridges they are better off than we in Canada.

' ' They claim that their tariff is about on the same basis as ours, but the preference to Great Britain is not so great. I believe if the proper course were taken it would be possi- ble for our government to come to an arrangement whereby we in Canada would have the same preferential duties as Great Britain. Nearly all whom I consulted on this ques- tion favored it.

"The principal resolution at the Congress was that of preference, and while some voted against it and some abstained from voting, I believe that practically all present had the same sentiments. The difficulty with those who voted against it seemed to me to be, in the first place, that they were pledged by 'heir Chambers of Commerce to vote for free trade, and for free trade only. A large number of men there were looking at this question, not altogether as a question of preference, but from the standpoint of bringing the different portions of the Empire closer together. The feeling of every portion of the Empire represented there was that we must draw closer together and that the best way in which that may be done is to make the trade rela- tions between the different portions of the Empire some- thing different from those between the Empire and the outside world/'

14 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

REMINISCENCES OF EARLY WINNIPEG.

January 19th, 1910. E. G. H. H. Hay, Esq., Lockport, Man.

In introducing the speaker Rev. C. W. Gordon (Ralph Connor), the newly-elected President of the Club, said : " My first word must be an expression of my personal sense of the importance of the distinction that I appear as your Presi- dent and of gratitude to you for conferring this honor upon me. I have had some satisfactions in life of different kinds, but, not many that are greater than the satisfaction of having been elected by my own fellow-townsmen to this honorable position.

"The work of the Canadian Club is growing in import- ance, and its scope is widening every day and never did the Canadian Clubs of Canada have so wide an outlook and so fruitful a scope of activity as at the present time. For never was national life so much in evidence and our con- sciousness of it so keen in Canada as this very year. And certainly if we only feel the touch of the imperial con- sciousness upon us, as we do even these very days, then the work before us as clubs throughout Canada is only just beginning.

"Now, it is always a sign of a great nation to remember its past and be instructed by its past not to forget those who have played their part in the day when the nation was being formed. And this Canadian Club is, I think, doing good work in calling attention to, and in emphasizing the deeds of the past and giving an opportunity to men who have played an important part in the making of our history to appear before the members of the Club. You will agree with me that the Club has done a very wise thing in asking one of the old pioneers of this country, perhaps one of the very oldest, to appear before us today and give us the pleasure of an address. We are to have Mr. Hay, who has been here, I don't know, fifty years, or more, and knows all about the early history of this country, to tell us something about his reminiscences in those days, and we shall offer Mr. Hay a very warm welcome.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 15

''Just before Mr. Hay speaks I might ask your indul- gence for a minute or so to read telegrams received from three of our honorary members. I might say that at the New Year the executive sent a greeting to the honorary members of the Winnipeg Canadian Club, who are at present, some of them in England and some in Canada. A message was sent to Lord Strathcona, Lord Roberts, Lord Milner, and Earl Grey. The following replies were re- ceived :

"From Lord Strathcona — 'Greatly appreciate and cor- dially reciprocate for yourself and all members Winnipeg Canadian Club kind New Year's greetings conveyed in your cablegram. ' '

* ' Lord Milner — * Thanks for kind message ; heartily reciprocate good wishes yourself and fellow members. Delighted that New Year opens so brightly for Canada."

"Earl Grey — 'Many thanks for Club's kind greetings, which are heartily reciprocated.' :

Mr. Hay said:

"I will try to describe things about the Fort in 1871. At that time the nearest railway was 700 miles south of us. Communication was by ox-cart and steamboat. Popu- lation was sparsely distributed, embracing an area extend- ing fifty miles west, twenty miles north and sixty miles south with a settlement at Pointe du Chene, forty miles east. A lone steamer, the Northrup, brought from the Minnesota River, was the pioneer of navigation on the Red, That was the year of the great flood in the Red River Valley, the waters stretching from the Minnesota River to Lake Winnipeg.

"A buffalo hunt was one of the things really enjoyed by the people of the country. Imagine 1,600 carts, perhaps, on the prairie in search of food, with from 200 to 250 riders. The moment a herd was sighted the outrun- ners came in and camp was struck, everything becoming practically dead, as silence was essential to the success of the hunt. In the morning the riders proceeded leisurely towards the buffalo until the latter began to show excite- ment, when a dash was made for the herd, and the old flint- lock guns did the work. The women and children follow- ing cut up the buffalo and dried the meat.

16 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

References were made to Governor McTavish, Capt. Kennedy, James Ross, Mr. Isbister, Henry McKinney, who erected the first building, of what is now the City of Win- nipeg, at the corner of Partage avenue and Main street, in

1862, and others ; also to the coming of the Sioux after the massacre and the grasshopper plague, "which lasted from

1863, more or less to 1875."

Mr. Hay went on to deal with the part Donald A. Smith played as Commissioner of Canada in dealing with Kiel, the work of Bishop Tache, Bishop Machray and others, and wound up with an account of the first legislature in which he had the honor to move, "That the reply to the address be not now passed but that it be amended by adding the words, 'that the murderers of Thos. Scott be brought to justice.' "

I hear the tread of pioneers,

Of nations yet to be ; The first low wash of waves where soon

Shall roll a human sea.

The rudiments of empire here

Are plastic yet and warm ; The chaos of a mighty world

Is rounding into form.

Each rude and jostling fragment soon

Its fitting place shall find, — The raw material of a state,

Its muscle and its mind!

And, westering still, the star which leads

The New World in its train Has tipped with fire the icy spears

Of many a mountain chain.

Whittier.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 17

BRITAIN'S WORK IN INDIA— Problems Unsolved.

February 15th, 1910. Dr. R. A. King, Indore, India.

"In addressing you this afternoon there is one thing that I think I can take for granted and that is this — that we are interested in the British Empire ; and we feel that any reflection upon any part of that Empire is in a measure a reflection upon ourselves.

"Our administration in India has been frequently criticized of late, and even maligned, and my task this after- noon is to lay before you some of the facts with reference to that situation and leave you to judge for yourselves the worth of our administration in that country.

"We are told that before the invader came to India there was a golden age there, a time of peace and prosperity. That is a myth, and reading between the lines of the legends and myths we see wars, famines and pestilences from the beginning of time. We have some historical records of the Mohammetan period and these show that even during the rule of Akbar, who is accounted the most lenient of all the Mohammetan rulers, there was collected a larger land revenue than ever we collected, and that, too, from a smaller territority and from a population less than one-fifth of the present. The land revenue collected from one part of India during the whole of the Mogul period was five times that collected by the British authorities from the whole of the Empire. And they collected forty imposts in addition to the land tax.

"About one hundred years ago there was a strip of land south of the Himalayas, 150 miles long by from thirty to fifty miles wide, without an inhabitant owing to the raids of the hills people. There was the same thing in the east over at Assam and in the northwest. One of the first things to do as administrators was to drive back the invaders and persuade them to stay in the hills. Today there are millions of inhabitants in that territory and the Punjab is supplying more wheat to Great Britain than Canada is.

18 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

"Famine with them was a visitation of Providence and they simply bowed their heads and waited until it passed over. Now they are beginning to be more civilized and instead of blaming Providence they are blaming the govern- ment (prolonged laughter) . . . Wherever you have agricultural people and where that agriculture is dependent on a rainfall, a failure of that rainfall in any district means scarcity ; and where you have a people who are proverbially improvident, and have laid up nothing for a rainy, or rather a dry day, you have the possibility of famine, and that possibility has always been in India. It was only during our administration that steps have been taken by the gov- ernment, as such, to see that one district in time of need is helped by other districts. I believe what the British authorities have done in India in this regard is one of the finest pieces of administration the world has ever known.

"I may mention, perhaps, some of the results. During the last forty years the death rate has not amounted to more than two per thousand. Then, again, after the recent great famine in British India we find that the same amount of grain has been cultivated and that means that the people were there and more than that, it means that they got there to plough the land. When I left India they were closing up a famine in the United Provinces of which you read nothing in the newspapers because there is nothing sen- sational in a famine which affected a million and a half of people. The death rate during that time of scarcity was even less than during the two preceding years, so well was the matter looked into and the people relieved. But, remember, that has reference to British India, and the famines you do read about have begun in the native states, and that is another matter.

"Of main canals there are 1,500 miles and of distribut- ing canals 30,000 miles, which cost the government $165,000,- 000. Today they are bringing in a revenue of eight per cent. There are some 30,000 miles of railway which cost $1,330,000,000, mostly state-owned or state-endowed and bringing in a net revenue of 5.77% during the year before last. In 1906 India raised 318,000,000 bushels of wheat. The cotton and jute trade sprung up during the reign of Queen Victoria from nothing to an export of some 3,500,000 bales of 400 pounds each. The tea trade in 1908 amounted

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 19

to 230,000,000 pounds, while the coal business has risen from nothing to 11,000,000 tons, petroleum from nothing to 132,- 000,0000 gallons, and so on. Does that show that India is becoming impoverished?

"I might go on and mention what India has done along educational lines, how she spent $19,000,000 every year in her schools and colleges. I might show how she has covered that country with roads and courts, postage and telegraph systems, all of which have been brought about by our administration out there.

"But I shall not deny that there is another side to the picture, for, after all, India is a poor country and has still problems before her which will call out all the ability of her ablest men to solve. I only wish these problems could be solved by legislation, but the longer I live and face them, the more I am convinced that they are beyond the reach of the legislature, and that the solution lies very largely with the people themselves. During our regime they have had peace with less famine, and population has largely increased, with the result that large districts in Bengal have over 650 people to the square mile. The government encourages them to open factories in order to withdraw some from agricultural pursuits, but when I left India there was not more than two factories in Bengal under the control of natives, and run by native capital, whereas in Bombay there are plenty of factories run by Indians them- selves. It is not in Bombay that you find sedition talked.

"We made a promise after the meeting that we would give into the hands of the natives, of those that were able to bear it, a larger share of the government of their own coun- try. Have we kept that promise? There has been an increased amount of liberty given to them. They fill all the subordinate offices and, I venture to say, ninety per cent, of the superior offices. The Superintendent of Education for India says there are some 60,000 natives in the govern- ment of India receiving a salary of over 1,000 rupees a year. All the governors of the lower courts are natives and these judges are eligible for positions in the higher courts and hold them today."

"These native officials have from time immemorial been drawn very largely from the Brahmin caste, and the whole trend of the religious teaching of the Brahmins carries us

20 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

to this conclusion, that they have no regard for the inter- est of the masses ; that the masses are simply made to be servants of theirs, and until they are taught a true patriotism and some true ideas of brotherhood; until their ideals are raised so that they will look not only for them- selves, but also for their poorer and more unfortunate fellow-countrymen ; until that day comes I do not think it would be wise to hand over entirely to them the adminis- tration of India. And I am quite sure of this, that the masses are safer in the hands of the English administra- tion."

Take up the White Man's burden,

And reap his old reward — The blame of those ye better,

The hate of those ye guard— The cry of hosts ye humor

(Ah, slowly!) towards the light — "Why brought ye us from bondage,

Our loved Egyptian night?"

Take up the White Man's burden—

Ye dare not stoop to less — Nor call too loud on Freedom

To cloak your weariness, By all ye will or whisper,

By all ye leave or do, The silent, sullen peoples

Shall weigh your God and you.

Kipling.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 21

HOW CANADIAN INTERESTS HAVE DEVELOPED IN GREAT BRITAIN.

March 30th, 1910. Mr. J. G. Colmer, C.M.G., London, England.

"I promised to say a few words today on the subject of the position of the development of Canada which is enter- tained in the old country. The basis on which this position has been built up is, of course, the wonderful progress which Canada has shown in its development in the last twenty or thirty years. Canada has attracted the attention of the entire world and the energy and pertinacity which Canad- ians have shown, and the cheerful patriotism and enthus- iasm to which they always give expression has infected their fellow subjects everywhere, and especially in the old country.

"Personally I am inclined to look upon the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway as the foundation upon which the brilliant successes which have attended Confed- eration has been built. It practically consolidated what were the scattered provinces of the Dominion into one strong and united whole. It has caused the people to sink their local designations. We know in the old days that people called themselves Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers and that sort of thing. Now they are all proud to call themselves Canadians from the Atlantic to the Pacific. There can be no doubt that the opening up of this prairie country and the West generally, to which immigrants from all parts of the world look with longing eyes has helped largely to give Canada as a whole the important position which it occupies today.

"It is recognized everywhere that Canada has emerged from the colony stage. It has arrived at that epoch in the life of a nation when its people realize that they are not only Canadians, but citizens of a great Empire ; and they have on many occasions shown themselves prepared to accept their share of its burden and responsibility. Canada was the first part of the Empire practically to show that scattered provinces could be federated whilst preserving their local autonomy and act together for the good of the entire community. Canadians have built railways to

22 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

unite these provinces and to acquire a new Imperial high- way between Europe and the East, and they appreciated this before the people in the old country. It was the action of Canada that brought about Imperial penny postage. It was Canada that inaugurated preferential trade.

"All that has been done in recent years by Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and by South Africa is bringing within the region of practical discussion the part which these dominions beyond the seas are to take in the future in the conduct of affairs of the Empire. There are now periodical Imperial conferences between the governments of these dominions and the government of the United King- dom, at which opinions are interchanged on matters of Imperial importance. It is very certain, however, that things cannot go on for very long or any advance be made as they are. And if the Empire is to be maintained and handed down intact to those who come after us, something will have to be done in the direction of giving the outside dominions a larger voice than they have hitherto taken in the formulation of Imperial policy.

"The feeling is growing, in England especially, and I think here, that Imperial trade is a matter which should be considered one of domestic policy, not of foreign policy, and one which has nothing whatever to do with foreign countries. It is the custom for members of a family to treat each other on better terms in matters of business than outsiders. Surely the different parts of our Empire repre- sent one great family, and it seems only reasonable that they should regard each other in that light and endeavor to so arrange their commercial affairs as to give them a prefer- ence in trade within the Empire. A policy of that kind will, many people believe, enable us to arrange our business affairs with other countries on a better basis than at pres- ent. There is no part of the world where trade is going to develop in the near future to the extent to which it must develop in the region of the British Empire ; for the British Empire practically controls almost the whole of the avail- able world which is most suitable for the settlement of white people. At the same time, there is nothing incon- sistent with a policy of this kind in providing for favorable arrangements consistent with the conditions which may

ADDRESSES OF THE YKAR. 23

prevail at the time, for the interchange, on the best possible terms, of our commerce with foreign countries.

''It is, perhaps, in matters of finance that Canada has gained most from its wonderful development in recent years. It will have to rely on borrowed money for many years to come to enable the great expansion which is going on to be continued. I have no hesitation in saying in this connection that Canada is now regarded with more favor in London's financial circles than any other country in the world/'

Strong is the flag, 0 Children,

Whereunder your breed are born, Strong is the love of the dwelling-place,

And sweet is the homelight's morn:

But stronger far yet is the race-tie,

The kinships that kindle and bind, And evermore true to the breed and the thew,

Are the sons of the world-old kind.

Yea, back to the ancient mother

The earth-wide children yearn, Who fared to achieve, to dream, to glean,

To wrestle, to build, to learn.

The hearts of the far-swept children

To the ancient mother turn, When the day breaks, when the hour comes,

The world will waken and learn.

Not the one flag, not the two flags,

But the blood that wakens and stirs; The world may claim them, the world may name them,

But the hearts of the race are Hers.

Wilfred Campbell.

24 CANAIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

UNIVERSITY ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

April 20th, 1910. Dr. Robert Falconer, President of the University of Toronto,

Dr. Falconer said: "In accepting the invitation of the Canadian Club of Winnipeg to come and address you upon the subject of "University Organization and Administra- tion" I am thoroughly sensible to the compliment you have paid me, while at the same time I realize the delicacy of the situation. It will be impertinent for me as an outsider to come to Winnipeg and persume to tell you how to solve your own problems. But in coming at the urgent request of this club I believe that my only method of procedure must be to set before you some of the principles, which, during my short tenure of the position I now occupy, and other long experiences in other universities, I have come to regard as valid.

"In Manitoba you have a situation that has grown with the history of the province. You have now had for nearly a generation the benefits of work done for higher education by a variety of denominational colleges. This work should, I believe, be recognized. Your situation today is not one in which you can start absolutely afresh. On the other hand I have had experience of university life in another province than Ontario, which has, I believe, suffered grievously from the perpetuation of small colleges, most of them denominational, which, having been kept apart do not co-operate in the furtherance of university education.

"The essential character of a university is determined in the character of its staff, the quality of its students and the material resources which make possible the influence of teacher upon student. Buildings and equipment of laboratories are essential and are very expensive, though extravagance in these must be avoided, because far more important than external equipment is the staff. A univer- sity will become great if you have great teachers. For the selection of such teachers the machinery must be very carefully adjusted. Disturbing elements must be eliminat- ed. In some universities the choice is left to the vote of the faculty, which is unsatisfactory, as it allows too large a scope for the formation of cliques and for wire pulling.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR 25

In most of the newer universities on this side of the water the appointment is made by a Board of Governors or regents, who are guided by the nomination of the president. I believe this Board of Governors or regents should be chosen without reference to any party or any denomination, and its members drawn from the most high-minded men, whose single purpose is to serve the state in its intellectual development, Members of such a Board should, I belive have more or less permanent positions. At any rate their appointment should be made for a term of years in such a way that the majority of the Board may take long views and pursue plans which have been carefully thought out for the future.

"Next I wish to speak of the function of the president, A modern university is so complex that there is need of a co-ordinating centre. Each department sees its own needs very strongly. It presses for enlarged equipment and for increased facilities in teaching. With regard to the amount of teaching, that is the hours devoted to any subject on the curriculum, the determination may well be left to the departments in council. In a general way justice will be done to each department through the time-table. But the proportionate outlay in money for equipment can only be decided satisfactorily by one who is able to take a view of the whole situation. Furthermore, only one who has this conjunct view should be able to give most balanced judg- ment as to the direction which, .from time to time, the expansion should take. The president has to become the advisor for the Board of Governors, who as busy men are only able in a general way to direct the larger plans of a university. He must give them advice as to the manning of the staff and as to a multitude of details. It will thus be seen that his value to the university depends upon the experience that he accumulates through years as he watches carefully each day the developing necessities.

"So far I have dealt mainly with what we call the ex- ternal side of university organization. There is also an internal side. The professors have been chosen, the staff is manned and the equipment is provided. These professors are educational experts. Each man must be assumed to know his own subject, and he must be trusted in the main as an expert. He should know, otherwise who can? how the best educational ideal is to be derived from his subject. Therefore in the main his judgment as to what course of

26 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

study his subject admits of must be followed. Associated with him must be professors of cognate subjects, and together they will outline the courses of study that will best prepare a student for the practical discipline of these sub- jects. These subjects then are grouped into larger wholes, either for undergraduate courses in arts or for professional degrees. Thus we get different groups culminating in faculty councils, the main business of which concerns the outlining of courses of study, of methods of teaching and examinations. This side of university life finds its com- pletest expansion in a highest council representative of all the faculties. In Toronto this highest council is designated the senate."

Dr. Falconer then outlined the constitution under which the federated colleges work in the University of London, and expressed the opinion that there is a place within the Provincial University for the denominational colleges, especially where they were in existence before the state institution, where place must be determined by history and local conditions.

In concluding he said: "A well equipped university costs a great deal of money. There is an ever increasing demand for its advantages, as may be proved by the rapid increase in the numbers of students seeking a university training. The intelligence of a state or province will be determined in the long run by the efficiency of its higher education. Out of self-respect it must see that its sons and daughters have equal privileges with those of other states. And this can be done only by private, municipal or govern- ment liberality, or by a combination of all three. Above all there should be no waste of resources either by antagonism or by useless reduplications.

"The sources of wealth, the state, the municipality and private benefaction require cultivation so as to produce the greatest possible liberality. Intelligent citizens know that the future depends in large measures upon your university education. Our civilization is no new thing. The multitudes who make up these new provinces come from an old world. Old problems have to be adjusted to new environments, old ideas adapted to new conditions. Univer- sities are the line between the old and the new; they are the mothers of intellectual children who understand old problems and old ideas and by their mastery of old and new methods help to solve the problems that confront us."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR.

KING EDWARD THE PEACEMAKER.

May 16th, 1910. Mr. Arthur Spurgeon, London, England.

Vice-President A. B. Stovel introduced Mr. Spurgeon as follows :

"When your executive made arrangements for Mr. Spur- geon to address us, we had thought entirely of a different subject from that of today, but upon wiring him of the situation he immediately consented to change his subject and is to speak to us today on "King Edward the Peace- maker." No doubt you will listen with wrapt attention to what he has to say to us, because he has been one of the foremost men in journalistic enterprise in the mother- land, and he is quite capable of addressing us on this important subject. I introduce to you Mr. Arthur Spur- geon, of London, England. ' '

Mr. Spurgeon said: "A task has been thrust upon me which I very gratefully and cheerfully accepted of speaking to you a few words today about Edward the Peacemaker. The suggestion, so kindly made by your secretary, demon- strates that there is an exception to the world-wide rule that a King cannot be subject. You have had guests at this Club far more distinguished than he now addressing you, but not one of them has had a greater topic than the one upon which it is my privilege to address you today.

"It seems a short while since I heard the King pro- claimed in the streets of London in succession to his beloved mother, Victoria, the Good, followed next year by his coronation. The day of the coronation was a day of thrilling emotion never to be forgotten by those who took part in it in the march of years. And as the shouting died away and quietude prevailed in the cloistered Abbey, one could not help asking the question: 'What will the King's reign bring forth?' 'What will be the writing on the parchment scroll?'

"Today we are able to give answers to these questions. The King's reign has been marked by all the best features of a limited monarchy and there has been no writing in red on the roll of history. Other Edwards are remembered in

28 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

the nation's story by reason of their prowess in the field, but Edward the Seventh will go down to posterity as the King who gloried in the blessings of peace.

"Gentlemen, I consider that the four most beautiful words in the English language are: 'Mother,' 'Home,' 'Liberty,' and 'Peace,' and the greatest of these is 'Peace/ because without it the others are apt to be a mockery, a de- lusion and sometimes a snare. From that night, when in a blaze of glory over the plains of Bethlehem, the angelic choir sang the first peace anthem in the world, the aim of all good men has been to maintain peace and bring about the reign of peace. Sometimes it has been hard to believe that the angelic phophecy would ever come true, but we still hold with our great Victorian poet that the day will dawn when, ' The war drum throbs no longer and the battle flag is furled, 'In the Parliament of Man, the Federation of the World.'

"The pages of history would be monotonous reading, I admit if there had been no strife between individuals and nations. But war means suffering and sorrow for count- less millions and that is why we say 'Happy is the nation that has no history.' There may not be much in the last nine years that will appeal to the picturesque pen of the historian or novelist in search of copy, but who will say that these years have not been beneficial in a hundred ways and have brought much happiness into the lives of the people. No one quality is the alpha and omega of statecraft, but the preservation of peace is the greatest and that is why I declare today that King Edward is the noblest king who ever sat upon the British throne.

"Ten years ago it seemed that Europe was a vast powder magazine, and men grimly asked each other, 'AVho will apply the match?' The great peacemaker waved his hand, and Fashoda developed into the 'Entente Cordiale.' Who can recall those days of 1900, those dark days when no one knew what the morrow would bring forth without a shudder? But the King, supported by responsible states- men of all parties, tactfully intervened and today France and England are living in complete amity. As with France so it will be with Germany if the scaremongers don't undo the work of their King. But I want to emphasize this, if you talk about the inevitability of war, that is to make war inevitable. Gentlemen, I don't believe in predestination in

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 29

theology, and I don't believe it in statecraft. The late King saw that unless these unfounded suspicions between England and Germany were removed, peace was in jeopardy. The task was a stupendous one, but undeterred by the difficulties of the situation, King Edward faced it with rare courage and skill.

"Let me tell you of a very significant thing that happened last June. A deputation of the British churches —I was on it being a member of the deputation — at the invitation of the German churches, visited Germany. The deputation consisted of men of all sects and creeds. Epis- copalians, Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists, Independents, Quakers and Unitarians and was received with the greatest cordiality by the leading states- men of Germany and by the ecclesiastical dignitaries in all the churches. When we visited Potsdam to present our address to the Emperor, he welcomed and entertained us right royally. A reply couched in gracious terms had been drawn up and was handed to the Emperor by an officer of the court to read. The document, as drafted, began, * Gentlemen,' but when the Emperor read it by a happy inspiration he added the words, 'And Brethren.' You can imagine the effect it had on those present, 'Gentlemen and Brethren/ The Kaiser went on to say that it was his supreme desire that friendly relations should be maintained between the two nations and when he made that declaration I believed him. The utterance of the sentiment was a credit to the Kaiser's heart, but it was also a tribute to the wisdom and courage of our dead King.

' ' Then, again, in these days when we hear so much about class war, it is well to remember that the King's sympathies were always on the side of those whose life is often one long struggle with carking care. My friend, Mr. Will Crooks, who passed through Canada a few months ago, is one of the most able and trusted labor leaders of England. When the King was stricken with his mortal illness Mr. Crooks said that if the King were to die the workers of the country would lose their best friend. That meant much, coming from such a man, but it was true, literally true. The people knew it and they loved their King with a deep and abiding love, and what higher glory can any monarch desire?

' ' The flying of the Union Jack at half mast, the draping of the buildings — and may I say parenthetically that no city

30 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

in the Empire could be more beautifully clothed in mourn- ing than this fair capital of the prairies — the rolling of muffled drums next Friday, the dirge of sorrow which wails through the Empire, all indicate that the people everywhere realize that the King has gone who labored unceasingly for the weal of the commonwealth and for the happiness of his subjects. As one touch of nature makes the whole world kin, so this touch of sorrow makes the Empire one. Senti- ment is a lever which moves people and nations more than anything else in the wide world and the scarlet thread of sentiment which runs through the British Empire binds it together with a unity that nothing can ever destroy. No man did more to cultivate this sentiment than Edward the Peacemaker and the world is immeasurably poorer because he has passed into the Great Beyond."

The following resolution was then moved by Mr. I. Pitblado and seconded by Mr. T. A. Hunt : —

"The Canadian Club of Winnipeg hereby records its profound regret and deep sorrow at the death of our late Soverign, King Edward the Seventh. His beneficient rule and great personal influence did much to knit more closely together the great Dominions beyond the seas comprised in the British Empire, and won for him the personal love and loyalty of his subjects. In addition he showed such true qualities of kingship and diplomancy as tended to bring closer together in the bonds of friendship the great nations of the world, and thus justly earned for himself the title of 'The Peacemaker.' "

As more than King we mourn him. Grief girdles half mankind,

In brotherhood of sorrow with those he leaves behind. God, if our best Thou takest, As anguished hearts Thou breakest Knit close the bonds Thou makest.

Da pacem Domine.

D. H. Moutray Read,

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 31

THE BRITISH SOUTH POLE EXPEDITION.

Lieutenant Sir Ernest Shackleton, K. C. V. 0. May 21st, 1910.

After recounting a number of humorous experiences, in his career as explorer and as lecturer, Sir Ernest said: —

"The Antartic region is a very different place from the Arctic region. It is a very much colder place and the wind blows north for three or four days out of every week. The mean temperature is something like 18 degrees below the mean temperature of the northern region of the same lati- tude. There is no animal life down there at all beyond the sea coast. Once you leave the sea coast you have got to drag all your food and the nearest approach any one can make to the South Pole by ship is 730 miles. Within 500 miles of the North Pole there are 133 different kinds of flowering plants.

"As I said, when you go south from the sea coast you have to drag every ounce of your food. We used ponies and we were away for a long, long time. At one time we thought that we should get the pole, but when we had gone about 300 miles we came to a range of mountains, some of which went to a height of 14,000 feet. We had eventually to climb and climb till we got to a plateau of 10,000 feet above the sea. When we got up there we had the wind dead in our faces and though it was in the height of summer the temperature never once rose above zero. Frequently it was 49 degrees below. We were very comfortable in many ways. For one thing our boots gave out and we got frost- bitten through the holes. Then as we walked the wounds opened and shut like concertinas with almost the same painful effect. We were reduced to 18 ounces of food per man per day and that was not sufficient to keep up our body heat let alone supply muscle wastage.

' ' We were very hungry, in fact we had been hungry for over three months, or at least we had only had one full meal in three months, on Christmas Day, and the effect of that only lasted for about a quarter of an hour. Our mind was always turning on food, we dreamed of food and talked of food all day long.

32 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

1 i There we were ; four serious men marching along. We never thought of all the grandeur or the glory of the moun- tains themselves ; we only thought of what we should eat and as we sat in our tent at night we would nibble round a biscuit to make it last longer. Our return to the 'Nimrod' was rather peculiar ; we started on a Friday at four o 'clock in the morning and picked up the shore again on Sunday. They had given us up for lost, for we were supposed to be back by the tenth of February and now it was the first of March, the day the ship was to sail. They had ordered a relief party to go down to satisfy our people that we were dead. This party was just coming down to meet us when we picked up the ship. That was on a Tuesday night and from Friday morning at four o'clock until Wednesday at four o'clock we had done 123 miles with eight hours sleep. That shows how you can do a good long march in that climate. That was the end of 1,700 miles of march, the length of our journey. We all returned without a scratch, yet the next day Wild slipped on board ship and sprained his ankle.

"We men down there came to realize when we saw our depot spring up in front of us just in time for us to pick up with weather clouds; and when we landed at the only spot where ice had drifted in, that there was a greater and higher leadership than our own, looking over us in times of strain and stress.

' * You must realize, as well as I realize, that unless I had with me a group of men who were keen for the work of the expedition, regardless of themselves, disregarding any thought of themselves, we could not have carried through the expedition. Everyone, from the youngest man on the ship to the oldest man in the shore party, worked for the good of the expedition.

"I cannot express in my own words what is the magnetic force, the lure that calls one out again to untrodden spaces, but my men feel it and I feel it, though my lines may be laid in other places. I would only quote in finishing a sketch by one of our wonderful poets : — Yonder the long horizon lies, and there by night and day, The old ships draw to port again, the young ships sail away. And come I may, but go I must, and if men ask you why, You must lay the blame on the sun and the stars, and the

white road and the sky."

ADDRESSES OF THK YEAR. 33

CANADA IN THE MAKING.

Commissioner Coombes, of the Salvation Army. June 13th, 1910.

Commissioner Coombes said : —

"We must realize that a country, however good its climate, however wronderful the possibilities of its soil, however marvellous the arrangements made for the people who live in it, we must realize that without people the country is very little use. But if you have people and they are put to work developing the country, the whole country must develop. So situated are we in respect to the great centres of population, so near are we to that great nation over the border, so great and wonderful are the possibilities of Canada that it seems to me as if no power could keep her from marching on to be a great and mighty nation."

"General Booth realized that there must be provided an outlet for the crowded conditions in the old land, the pres- sure of which could not be relieved continually by wars since men are living and learning that there is a better way to settle difficulties of congestion than by the sword, so the Salvation Army has had a great deal to do with the awakening of public opinion in the direction of immigration. We have made men feel that in the rush for wealth it is of the greatest possible importance to give a thought to the people who produce the wealth. It has sometimes been questioned why a religious organization should have any- thing to do with something that would appear to be purely secular. But General Booth long ago conceived the idea that we would be better fitted to help a man think about those things pertaining to another world if we gave some thought about how reasonably and rightly to do the things that are good for him here. So we set to work to deal with immigra- tion. First, to deal with it in a common sense manner at the seat and source of supply; second, to deal with the stream as it runs ; third, to give our attention to the proper guidance of the stream of human life when it should get to this side of the ocean.

"There should be a proper and wise selection of the people that are coming to this country. General Booth has striven with all the powers he possesses to direct the peoples

34 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

of the United Kingdom to other parts of the great British Empire. He has a decided preference for the peoples of the United Kingdom; and, while the heart of the Salvation Army is big enough to take in the world and we stand as a world-wide organization, we think that in matters of this, sort, we should use our common sense to see that we bring to this country people who will assimilate with those who are here. We are developing along the line of wise and careful distribution. "We are trying as far as possible to be ready with situations for the people. We have already transported train loads of people from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Every day of the journey to their destination we are never far away from them. We stay with each until he is at work and on his feet.

"We have brought to this country during the last four or five years 60,000 people and I am almost afraid to tell you, for fear you can scarcely credit it; from sickness, failure of character and other causes the percentage of loss has been less than half of one per cent. And I would say in passing, please do not think that all the people we bring are members or even adherents of the Salvation Army. Less than seven per cent, of the people we have brought to- this country belong to the S. A. Our joy is to help the man who needs help. It is the man who makes the appeal to us rather than his creed; and as far as the people we bring to this country are concerned, we are most careful as to a man's character and moral standing.

"It is said that a prosperous yeomanry is the backbone of a nation. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are essentially agricultural countries and must be filled up with an honest and industrial farming population. Such a population would be, too, one of the greatest guarantees on the side of peace. Canada, standing as it is between the great populations of the east and the west must, as the days go by, gain increasing weight as a voice in the affairs of the nation, in the affairs of the Empire and in the affairs of the world. God grant that we may do our part in help- ing the growth of this great nation. Then, when the Salvation Army's record is written, you will be ready to admit that it takes a not inconsiderable place in the record of those who have helped to build up this great and wonder- ful Canada."

ADDRESSES OF THE YKAR. 35

IMPERIAL UNITY.

Colonel Geo. T. Denison, Toronto. June 24th, 1910.

Colonel Denison began by reviewing conditions in Canada in his boyhood when "Nova Scotia, as far as facility of travel was concerned, was farther from Toronto than Japan is from Winnipeg today," and when "Canada con- sisted of four little provinces with no Canadian national sentiment as attached to the soil." When confederation was carried, however, .young men began to think of the country, and the "Canada First" party was formed, the Colonel being a member.

He then spoke as follows: — "When we came to get the North West Territories into Canada we found a number of the most serious difficulties in our way. The Hudson's Bay company did not want to give up their position. The province of Quebec did not want to get the western country into our Dominion. The Provinces down by the sea did not care, and a great many in Ontario felt exactly the same way. They had read the writings of men in the interests of the Hudson's Bay company to show that the west was of no service whatever, that this great half-continent was a waste place, only useful for growing fur-bearing animals.

"Then came the rebellion, agitated and fostered for the purpose of preventing our getting this western country. All over Eastern places it was said $1,500,000 was too much to spend on a country that would be useless; but the crisis <»ame when Kiel put to death Thos. Scott, as then we were able to rouse the feelings of the people. And I say this — that it should not be many years before the people of the West put up a monument to that young man who gave his life for Canada.

"Having got this country we thought the next thing to do was to form a federation of the British Empire, and that in time to come Canada would be the most influential province of all that great confederation. Within the last few years we have put one railroad across this continent and another will soon be completed. We are spreading a layer of people over this continent. We have found out

36 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

the agricultural and other possibilities of Western Canada, and our national resources have been measured enough to excite the cupidity of all the nations upon earth. There- fore, I say, the best thing for our future is the unification of our great Empire, with its 450 millions of people and its eleven million square miles of territory. We can get this when we have a system of interprovincial tariffs around our Empire, by which we may feel we have a market for our own products that the outsider cannot interfere with. If we make too many reciprocity treaties with other nations, we are going to tie our hands.

"I want to say one or two words to you as a Canadian Club. I understand the Canadian Club does not belong to any political party. I hope its members will try to spread that idea through the country. Why should the farmer or artisan, say: 'I am pledge to vote for one party or the other.' Put your country first, beyond everything. What does it matter to the Canadian people which political party has the distribution of patronage? What difference does it make to us who gets the contracts and the rake-offs ? We are going to support whichever party is going to work the most and the best for Canada."

Sharers of our glorious past, Brothers, must we part at last? Shall we not thro' good and ill Cleave to one another still? Britain's myriad voices call, "Sons, be wedded each and all, Into one imperial whole, One with Britain, heart and soul ! One life, one flag, one fleet, one throne ! Britains, hold your own ! ' '

Tennyson.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 37

THE BOY SCOUTS.

Lieut.-Gen. Sir Robert Baden-Powell, K.C.B., F.R.G.S. August 26th, 1910.

Lieut.-Gen. Baden-Powell said: —

"This scheme for boys is probably what you have heard a great deal about, and probably know very little about. Here the North-West Mounted Police come in because the kind of scouting we adopted is not that of soldiering. There is such a thing as Peace Scouting; that is the work carried out by experienced hunters, by lumber- men, and by frontiersmen all over the Empire in the furthest extremes of civilization. Those are the men who are paving the way for civilization. They are away from all help and have to rely on their own resources day by day, meeting dangers of both flood and field. They have to be trusted to do their duty because there are no people there to super- vise them at that distance. They are far away from the praise of newspapers and are simply carrying out their duty because it is their duty. They are not only self-reliant but they are helpful to others. They have to practice a true spirit of comradeship and it developes into a real chivalrous feeling of helping each other, even by making sacrifices. The consequence is that when they come back into civiliza- tion at rare intervals they are found to be natural, chivalr- ous and patriotic gentlemen. These are the best we have of our race.

' ' In building up a new great nation as you are now doing you must necessarily include in it a great many elements of different creeds and different nationalities which will re- quire binding together to make one strong whole. In this scheme of ours among the boys scouts we instill into them the great idea of comradeship and brotherhood without regard to class, creed, color or nationality, and the curious point is that they accept it. There is no snobbishness amongst the boys. In England the slum boys are as much attracted by our movement as are the boys from the public schools and they meet together on absolutely equal terms. That is the possibility about this movement if you adopt it in this country. It may be the means of bringing together the numerous elements of class, creed and specially nationality. That is why I ask your consideration of it from your own point of view.

38 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

"The methods we adopt are those of making the whole scheme as attractive as possible to the boys. We look at the matter from the boys point of view rather than our own. We make it attractive to them by teaching them backwood- smanship and then we introduce gently the different points we want them to learn and to carry into practice. The boy learns to cook for himself, to make his own shack, to put up his own tent, to make his own bed. These are the preliminary trainings of a boy scout and teach him readiness in using his own hands and head. We then go on to teach the chivalry of backwoodsmen. The boy must develop his own resources and extend the good work to those around him. Eventually we teach him that self-sacrifice is the highest point. He learns to save life and this is often carried into practice. Finally he is taught patriotism and how it is his duty to sacrifice himself should it be required of him in the cause of his country.

' ' I want you to understand that soldiering forms no part of our policy. We are only trying to make the boys into good citizens which is something more than trying to make them into good soldiers. We want to develop the individual character and soldiering does the contrary as soldiers are made part of a machine. There are many parents too who object to their children being taught what they call militar- ism. These parents can have no objection to our scheme because we rather deprecate military training.

' * We have also been asked about our religious principles ; as a matter of fact we have no religious principles. We do not want to take the place of pastors or parents in the matter of instruction or religion, but we expect the boys to have some form of religion and not merely to profess it but to carry it into practice. We have our morning service and our divine service on Sunday, and Nature Study on Sunday afternoon. Our form of service is of the simplest nature and has been arranged by our council, which includes heads of the different churches It is not obligatory. There is only one principal we insist upon, viz, — that every day each boy must do at least one good act to some one. They are put on their honor to do this, and I firmly believe that every single one of them carry it out religiously because I have received quite a number of letters from complete strangers in every corner of the world informing me of little acts which have been done for them."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 39

TOWN PLANNING AND HOUSING.

September 5th, 1910. Henry Vivian, M. P., for Birkenhead, England.

"During the last ten years public opinion has been greatly aroused upon this question by a series of reports bearing on the physical and moral health of our people, and action is now being taken in most of. our important towns. In different parts of the country enquiries were held by committees interested in this question,, with a view to show- ing what was the relation between the physical deteriora- tion of a large mass of the people and their home conditions and their housing, and a close relation has certainly been established between the demoralization of the individual and the house in which he lives, the conditions of his home, the air space, the surrounding of his dwelling and so forth. Some of the facts brought out by these enquiries were indeed startling.

"In Liverpool an inquiry was made by, I think, the Medical Health Officer, who divided the schools into three grades. The first grade represented schools of the fairly well to do; the second represented the fairly well paid or moderately well paid artisan ; the third included the schools of the badly housed working population of Liverpool. He examined these children, noting their height, chest meas- urement and so on. A comparison was afterwards made between the facts brought out by this enquiry and the con- dition of the children in the schools of the famous industrial village of Port Sunlight. There you have children of men employed in the great soap works, ordinary working men, laborers and mechanics. Three thousand odd are employed and they are not over paid. The children are not the children of the luxurious, but just the ordinary children of ordinary working parents. Port Sunlight is only three or four miles from Liverpool and the people are in the main drawn from Liverpool, so that you are dealing in the main with the same class of people transferred to healthy con- ditions. The ages taken were 7, 11, and 14 years, and the comparison shows that at the age of 14 the children in the Port Sunlight schools were five inches higher than the

40 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

children who resided in the badly housed districts of Liver- pool. It is further found that on the average they were thirty pounds heavier.

"The Medical Health Officer for Finsbury, one of the boroughs of London, with a population of 110,000, held an inquiry which showed that the death rate in the one-roomed house was 40 per thousand; in the two-roomed home 20 per thousand; in the three-roomed home 15 per thousand. In regard to the infantile death rate the report showed that in the one-roomed homes the innocents were slaughtered at the rate of 219 or 220 per thousand, and the number was brought down to nearly 90 in the three-roomed home, and even in these cases the three-roomed homes were not boauti- fully situated.

' ' When we realized the havoc wrought on the life of the individual by the one-roomed home, and when we realized the proportion of our population who lived under these conditions, we saw that we had to act promptly if we were to continue to hold our own in the struggle with the other nations of the world.

"A company has been formed in England to build a model city for 30,000 people about 40 miles north of London. There, of course, we are not dealing with an expanding city population, but we are building it on a systematic plan with main roads where the traffic is heavy and minor roads lead- ing to the residential property. There is adequate provision in advance for playing sites for the children and larger areas of commons and parks. This city is advanc- ing steadily and although good in itself I think its best feature will be its educational value to the public men of England.

"The co-partnership tenants' movement, of which I am chairman, has also taken in hand the development of a number of suburbs in different parts of England with a view to demonstrating proper examples of how these suburbs should be laid out so as to provide the conditions I have referred to. We have purchased a tract of some three hundred acres, and we are laying it out for a population of 15,000, providing about eight houses to the acre. I have seen as many as 59 working class dwellings to the acre, so that when you realize that we have dropped out the odd 50 you will form some opinion of the increased breathing space

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 41

for the people. On that estate we are now buying another 400 acres, and when it is fully developed we expect to have a population of 30,000 as a suburb just on the edge of Lon- don. There, in Hampstead, we are not merely providing for the working man. Our intention is to get a complete community, as far as possible. I personally do not like the tendency to segregate the different classes of the com- munity and pin them off as it were, and say these are the laborers' quarters, these are the skilled workmen's quarters, and this is where the millionaire lives. That sort of thing does not make for the healthiest kind of social life in a town. The possibility of connection should be created in your great cities so that class wars might be softened. You soften this feeling by getting a constant contact between the different classes, and by letting them get each other's point of view you get a higher standard of civilization. Our experience in London leads us to believe in this ideal. We find that in our Hampstead suburb the different classes are rendering considerable assistance to each other. Of course the man who pays $200 a year gets a different house to the man who pays only $1.50 a week, but we have not fenced them in in the way which is common in our big cities. We stimulate love of gardening with the result that this suburb certainly provides an excellent example of how to develop in the best sense of the word, not only the physical health and well being of the people, but a spirit of neighborliness between all the Various classes which go to make up the community."

Summing up Mr. Vivian continued: "In Canada here you have got a cleaner slate than we have in England. Your towns are younger, newer and so on. Ours, although growing in many cases, have covered a great deal of ground, and we have to remove many obstacles before we can carry out our complete plan. But here you have a comparatively free hand, and you have the necessary machinery for developing your towns on more rational and scientific lines. I do not believe that the possession of forethought necessar- ily means that you shall fix your ideas to that you are incapable of changing them. I must say here that since my visit to Canada I have seen one or two districts where there already exists a state of affairs which, I am confident, would not be tolerated in London for 24 hours. You already have your slums, and the people of the particular city I am speaking of are very much alive to it. I have

42 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

been to a number of your suburbs and found that side by side with a modern civilization centres are springing up which must be slum areas within a very few years. I think I may fairly say that by acting along these lines you will not only be rendering service to Canada, but you will be rendering service to the race itself. I am most anxious that the Anglo-Saxon and British race should keep its end up in this struggle between the nations. We can only keep our end up by steadily providing, in the furthering of industrial life, for those conditions that will enable the individual unit to develop the greatest efficiency. If we are not careful we shall think too much in lumps and speak too much in millions, and so on, and after all the efficiency of the army does not merely, and scarcely ever, depend upon the number of heads in the army, but depends upon the efficiency of each unit. How often we have seen that in our inspection of English victories on the battlefield, and after all we are only continuing the form of battle. The struggle still goes on. I believe we are having a higher form of struggle and I think the industrial struggle is far higher than the struggle on the battlefield, but it is none the less a struggle. So I say that, today in our great struggle for the leadership of the civilized world, our victory to a great extent depends upon the way our towns are built up, and in the substitution of rural for town life. I admit that the problem of housing and town planning is the most important single factor. You can spend millions of money, as we are doing in England, to educate our children, but when they have to go from the schools to homes that are scarcely fit for cattle, they lose to a very large measure the benefit they have received from our expenditure on their education. It should be remem- bered, too, that so many people take to drink in consequence of the awful conditions under which they live. How can you condemn a man for going to the public house when he has only a one-roomed tenement which is a hell on earth. The wonder is not that so many of them go for the drink, as that any of them remain sober under these conditions. You can only expect a barbarous character from barbar- ous conditions of home life, and I say, therefore, that wrapt up in this question is, to a large extent, the whole future of our race, and I trust that Canada, with its glorious opportunities, may be found leading in the van of this movement."

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 43

THE FUTURE OF GREATER BRITAIN.

September 13th, 1910.

Sir George Doughty, Grimsby, England, ex-M. P., of the British House of Commons.

Sir George Doughty said: "I desire to thank you in the first place for your kindness in giving me an opportunity to say a few words to you upon a question I am perfectly sure lies as near your heart as it does mine. I know the invitation is not a personal one. It arises very much, I have no doubt, from the fact that for many years I have endeavored to make a study of that which I believe would be the best, not only for Britishers living in the various parts of the kingdom today, but for those Britishers who have to follow us, carry our responsibilities and, I hope, enjoy the advantages of the great security which our throne and our government give to men.

"Sometimes persons who travel across countries and continents may be struck with other matters or with things making against their great future, even those who are living amongst the work and life of the different peoples. Now one thing I am very much impressed and pleased with is this : That the government of the great continent is modelled upon lines of freedom, the principles which have made Britain the greatest country in the world, if I may say that without egotism, and which ensure to her citizens the greatest amount of liberty. These great principles are at the foundations of the various governments you have upon the Canadian continent.

"I have heard a number of expressions of opinion from various classes of men since I have been here. I do not know how many there are in this room who think that Canada some day may walk alone. I hope if she does ever try to do so she will walk warily and that that time will not be yet. Because, however much the Canadians may think they will get on very well together, I would suggest to you that the more important you become, the more your various countries are known throughout the world for rich- ness and the blessings of wealth, the more certainly will foreign nations jealously look upon you and covet what you have got. And as soon as they begin to covet your

44 CANADIAN CLI B OF WINNIPEG.

goods or lands your trouble and anxiety commences. You will begin to feel that it is not at all an easy thing to found a nation and make it secure in a single generation. But I do not believe the time will ever dawn when Canada will desire to separate herself from her sister nations in the British Crown, and attempt in any way to walk alone. For, you know, I was struck with another thing, and that is the spirit of patriotism which 1 observe everywhere throughout the whole of this Dominion. I do not say it is in every case a spirit of patriotism or even affection for England, but there is an inner, deeper, stronger patriotism, which means much to the men living on this side of the world, viz., their patriotism and affection for the British Empire.

"Now the trend of everything is towards empires. We have seen, many of us here, the creation of the German Empire. It was the great statesman Prince Bismark, that created the German Empire, when he brought the German and Prussian states together under one great government and authority and power. The German Empire is a great power in the world today and I hope will continue to be in the future. You have, in the recollection of many men here, the case of the great Empire of the United States, the foundation of which was laid when all the different states were federated under what I venture to call the splendid government of today. We have in the world also the great empires of China and Russia which presently may become a great force and power among the peoples of the earth. And so I say of Japan and other peoples, who by their power and co-hesion are becoming great peoples and governed by world-desires for fame, and probably in the long run for territory. Now, what are we going to become as British- ers? Are we to become a proud body of nations, proud of our past, or are we to become federated and consolidated into one great government that shall wield its influence for good much more in the future than we have had the privilege and opportunity of doing in the past.

"I hope as years go on we may be able to evolve such a condition of government for our people that there shall be, in the House of Commons, if you like, or in some other great place in some portions of the Empire, from time to time, a government which shall meet for purely Imperial purposes, that shall have a right to govern the British people in all great Imperial questions and subjects, and that

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 4.")

shall secure for them that protection which they need, through their navy and through their army; and that there shall be such unison of action and thought arising in every part of the British Dominions that the people of the world shall know that in the future as in the past Britishers mean to be supreme throughout the earth."

' ' It will not be easy to evolve that federal parliament to which I have referred. Difficulties will arise, but from every part of the British world are coming that influence and power which mean in the end the accomplishment of the great federal ideal for which Mr. Chamberlain and many fought throughout Greater Britain and for which they have been earnestly working and anxiously hoping. I believe we can do our own business with our own people better than we can do it with foreigners, our present or future potential enemies.

"It is wiser and better to have commercial bonds operating and working through all the British peoples for mutual advantage. It is better for them and for us than any other trade existing with any other people, wherever they may be found.

"May I tell you that I am a free trader, but I will tell you what sort of free trade I believe in. I believe in free trade if the people with whom I deal are free traders. I say that the man who believes in free trade for himself and protection for the gentleman on the other side he has to do with, is fighting a battle with one hand tied behind him. It must follow from the study of Canadian history that a very large proportion of your industrial success is due to the common sense you have applied in having a tariff and in seeing that your small industries had a right to live amongst you. I would like to see all the world exchanging goods freely, as that would be the best thing for everybody. But if you cannot sell your goods in a foreign market because they put on a duty of forty per cent, and still let the foreigner into your market, let him sell his goods without charging him anything at all, how do you expect to prosper? That is the condition of things in England and I hope the day is not far off when the question of a federal parliament, with representation from every part of the British Empire, shall be a matter not only discussed amongst our people throughout the world, but be a fact

46 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

and realized in all its great advantages to every part of the British Empire."

Short addresses were also made by Mr. Chas. M. Hays,. President of the Grand Trunk Railway, and Mr. Alan Smithers, chairman of the Board of Directors of the Grand Trunk Railway.

Where is the true man's fatherland?

Is it where he by chance is born?

Doth not the yearning spirit scorn , In such scant borders to be spanned?

0, yes, his fatherland must be

As the blue heaven wide and free !

Is it alone where freedom is,

Where God is God and man is man? Doth he not claim a broader span

For the soul's love of home than this? 0, yes, his fatherland must be As the blue heaven wide and free !

Where'er a human heart doth wear Joy's myrtle-wreath or sorrow's gyves, Where'er a human spirit strives

After a life more true and fair,

There is the true man's birthplace grand, His is a world-wide fatherland !

LowelL

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 47

October 14th, 1910.

Address by Sir Henry Spencer Berkeley, Attorney-General of the Crown Colony of Hong Kong.

The speaker, after a brief description of Hong Kong and its capital Victoria, went on to speak of the com- mercial importance of the colony. "British trade in the East," he said, "was gigantic. His hearers might gain some idea of the volume of the trade if he were to tell them that the returns of the harbor master for the last year amounted to 25,000,000 tons. They could not take that in right off, but if they looked up their books of reference they would iind that it exceeded the trade of New York and approached that of London. In the harbor of Hong Kong, one might often see eighty ships — and by that he meant eighty steam- ers— including great ocean-going steamers. One might see vessels from the American liner "Minnesota," of 27,000 tons, down to steamers of a few tons, all carrying cargo to be distributed to the millions of China.

"Hong Kong was a great clearing-house for mercantile shipping in the far East. The great steamers unloaded their goods in go-downs. The expression "go-down" was a very curious one. Originally the Chinese had been very hostile to the British, for the place had been acquired by force of arms, and at a great sacrifice of blood and money. In the early days the factories and warehouses had been "built with walls around them and the merchants 'had always been ready and prepared to defend them. Thus it had come about that the merchants had lived on the ground floor and had done their business in the cellars for the greater protection of their wares. The expression "go-down" had persisted to the present time, the word "warehouse" never being used. Cargoes amounting to hundreds of thousands of tons were stowed away in the go- downs and gradually distributed from Hong Kong along the Chinese coast towns and cities, and even to the Philippine Islands with the exception of Manilla. Ships also sailed from Hong Kong to Borneo, Celebes, and through the Straits of Malacca, all along the Malay peninsula. Hong Kong still had nearly all the coast trade to the south of €hina and Siam down to Saigon and then up to Amoy, Swatow, etc.

48 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

"In physical formation Hong Kong was admirably adapted for the purpose for which the British required it. Nature must have known that the British required a place of that sort. There was along the coast for about twelve miles an enormous volume of easy water always available for safe and secure anchorage. Opposite the business portion of Victoria the harbor was about one mile across to the Chinese mainland; in other parts it was three miles across, and altogether there were some hundreds of square miles of water affording: safe anchorage.

"Up till 1898 the British had only that part of the mainland immediately opposite Hong Kong, perhaps two miles along the peninsula of Kowloon. At the back of that lay a magnificent range of mountains from 4,000 to 5,000 feet high, from which Hong Kong was liable to be shelled at any time by an enemy. In such circumstances Hong Kong could not have been held for a day. For- tunately, by a diplomatic arrangement obtained in .1898 a frontier was secured twenty miles back beyond the hills. With adjacent islands which also became British, the new territory comprised about 600 square miles.

"The population of Hong Kong was something like 400,000, including the- new territory, but there were only from 10,000 to 16,000 English-speaking people. The British were the guiding power there. The mass of the Chinese, some of them wealthy merchants, were all imbued with a feeling of loyalty to Britain. The Chinese appre- ciated the condition of law and order maintained by the British, and also the British administration of justice. Good administration of justice was the one thing that has made the British pre-eminently the rulers of what were 9alled "native races."

"The land which the British had acquired back of the hills had a considerable population, amounting to about 100,000. The result of acquiring that territory had been to enable them to extend out of the island of Hong Kong across to the Kowloon peninsula. The place was thus spreading back and back and was becoming very large. In fact it was going to be the "Winnipeg of that part of the world. They did not speak about real estate agents there, but they had the same thing, land investment com- panies, people who knew when to buy and where to get off at and that sort of thing.

ADDRESSES OF THE YEAR. 49

' 'At the present time a railway was being constructed which would give direct connection with Pekin, and thence by the main line with Vladivostok. Irkutsk, Moscow and Berlin/'

In regard to the food supply of China, the speaker said that there had been of late years an enormous increase in the consumption of flour. Until quite recently the Chinese had been entirely a rice-eating people, but now they used flour quite extensively. Hundrds and thousands, probably millions of bags of flour were now imported every year into China. Principally this flour came from Portland, Oregon, but to his knowledge there was a large import of wheat from Vancouver. He supposed the day was coming when Canada would think it worth while to cultivate the Chinese market for flour, and when Canada wanted the trade she could have it.

After referring to Canton and the enormous and wealthy territory of which it is the capital, Sir Henry proceeded to describe somewhat the journey to Seattle and across the continent. Speaking of Winnipeg, he said :

"I came on here through all the western towns nnd do not for a moment wish to be thought insincere or flattering, but I am bound to say that you are to be congratulated on the excellent city you have built here in Winnipeg. It is noble in its proportions and its streets are magnificent. Streets like Broadway, Portage avenue and Main street are as fine as those of most cities in Europe. I think the idea of planning central avenues quite a good one. One thing in which I think you are making a mistake is not having squares in the towns. Perhaps these great avenues of yours like Broadway may supply the place of squares, but I doubt it very much. It may not be too late in the day now to lay out something like the good old parks in London. London is a city of the woods you know. You cannot turn around in London, or go very far, without coming to one of these beautiful squares such as Regent's Park or Kensington Gardens. These squares have made London the healthy place which it is. Even down in the poorer quarters there are these fine gardens and open spaces. They are a great asset and it is a great thing to have a city laid out in parks for those who like to go into them. . . . Naturally you won't have many roads yet,

50 CANADIAN CLUB OF WINNIPEG.

but you have got great railroads at any rate. There is an old saying : ' Show me the roads of a country and I will tell you the character of its people,' and I have no doubt that Canadians come up in character to their great streets and railroads."

Sons in my gates of the West,

Where the long tides foam in the dark of the pine, And the cornlands crowd to the dim sky-line, And wide as the air are the meadows of kine,

What cheer from my gates of the West?

"Peace in thy gates of the West,

England, our mother, and rest, In our sounding channels and headlands frore The hot Norse blood of the northern hoar Is lord of the wave as the lords of yore,

Guarding thy gates of the West.

But thou, 0 mother, be strong,

In thy seas for a girdle of towers, Holding thine own from wrong,

Thine own that is ours, Till the sons that are bone of thy bone Till the brood of the lion upgrown

In a day not long, Shall war for our England's own, For the pride of the ocean throne,

Be strong, 0 mother, be strong!"

John Huntley Skrine.

OFFICERS

ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN CLUBS, 1910-1911

President . . . . W. SANFORD EVANS, Winnipeg Vice-President . . MRS. R. WILSON REFORD, Montreal

Provincial Vice-Presidents

NOVA SCOTIA . . . . M. GUMMING, B.A., B.S.A., Truro

NEW BRUNSWICK . . R. A. BORDEN, K.C., St. John

QUEBEC E. F. SURVEYOR, K.C., Montreal

ONTARIO RHYS D. FAIRBAIRN, Toronto

MANITOBA . . . . THEO. A. HUNT, WINNIPEG

SASKATCHEWAN . . WILLIAM TRANT, REGINA

ALBERTA C. W. ROWLEY, CALGARY

BRITISH COLUMBIA . . J. N. ELLIS, Vancouver

Honorary Secretary-Treasurer R. H. SMITH, Winnipeg

List of Canadian Clubs of Canada, with names of President and Secretary, and date of organization of each Club.

Compiled June 1st, 1911.

ONTARIO

PRESIDENT SECRETARY ORGANIZED Hamilton C. R. McCullough Chas. E. Kelly 1892-3

— ° '• *•• «*•* tekSW «<»

London .S. F. Glass F. N. C. McCutchc-on 1907

Guelph J. J. Drew, K.C R. Harcourt 1907

St. Mary's L. A. Eddy, B.A W. M. Dickson, U.A 1907

Brockville II. A. Stewart A. M. Patterson 1909

Peterborough Dr. G. Stewart Cameron. .W. R. Morris 1907

Collingwood Dr. G. M. Aylesworth.... A. H. Cuttle 1907

Perth J. A. Stewart Wm. P. McEwan 1906

Port Arthur A. J. McComber J. F. H?witson 1907

Brantford Geo. M. Muirhead Arch. M. Harley 1907

St. Catherines Dr. E. M. Hooper D. Muir 1904

Ottawa Gerald H. Brown Herbert I. Thomas 1904

Kenora Allan McLellan M. McCullough 1910

Fort William Dr. C. C. McCullough. ...A. A. Wilson 1907

Huntsville J . W. Hart, M.I) E:. C. Wainwright 191O

Bowmanville J. H. J. Jury Dr. Bonnycastle

Woodstock Rev. C. S. Pedley M. J. Brophy 1907

Barrie Daniel Quinlan S. McAdam

Berlin v Richard Reid t'Mndlay I. Weaver 1908

Belleville C. M. Reid I. L. Hess

Cornwall J. A. Chisholm J. G. ilarkness

Kingston O. D. Skelton L. W. Gill 1910

Orilla John C. Miller T. C. Doidge 1905

St. Thomas E. A. Horton ,C. B. Taylor 1907

Sarnia F. F. Pardee, M.I' W. A. Dent 1910

Chatham Col. F. Stone Will Forman .....1910

NEW BRUNSWICK

St. John George A. Henderson II. A. Porter 1907

Moncton C. F. Burns E. J. Payson 1907

Frederic-ton .C. Fred Chestnut Arthur R. Slipp, M.P.P

NOVA SCOTIA

Parrsboro' Hugh McKenzie, K.C C. S. McArthur 1908

Kentville Geo. E. Faulkner I). McGillivray 1907

Amherst Dr. F. G. McDougall E. E. Hewson

Halifax P. Innis F. C. Rand 1910

Truro ('apt. Johnson Spicer W. H. HHding I'.UO

QUEBKC

Quebec Geo. F, Vandry {

Montreal Geo. Lyman Royal L. H. Ewing 1905

Hull

MANITOBA PRESIDENT SECRETARY ORGANIZED

Portage la Prairie.Xt. Col. H. J. Cowan.. ..E. K. Marshall 1906

Winnipeg Isaac Pitblado, K.C R. H. Smith 1904

Brandon J. D. Kilgour W. J. Green

SASKATCHEWAN

Yorkton Rev. F. C. Cornish Dr. McDonald 1910

Regina T. K. Perrett J. E. Doerr 1907

Moosejaw J. W. Sifton Geo. El. Meldruin

Saskatoon H. L. Jordan, B.A J. D. Gunn 1907

Weyburn Frank Moffatt .S. D. Boylan 1910

ALBERTA

Carnrose J. K. Burgess .Tames Pike 1907

Calgary C. W. Rowley John W. Hugill 1907

Daysland E. W. Day S. E. James

Edmonton W. A. Greisbach John Blue 1906

Lethbridge W. A. Buchannan, M. L.A

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Vancouver .Ewing Bucan J. R. V. Dunlop 1905

Victoria Lindley Crease Frank S. Clark

Prince Rupert Judge F. McB. Young.. .Dr. W. Barratt Clayton 1910

Nelson Dr. Arthur Geo. H. Playle

WOMEN'S CANADIAN CLUBS

Fort William, OntMrs. Peter McKellar ..Mrs. Arthur F. Crowe 1909

Toronto, Ont Miss Constance R. Boulton'.Mrs. J. B. Tyrrell 1908

Berlin, Ont Mrs. R. Wood Miss M. Dunham 1910

London, Ont Lady Gibbons .Mrs. C. W. Belton 1910

North Bay Mrs. Lotta Gould Mrs. Mary C. Shepherd

Ottawa Mrs. Clifford Sifton Mrs. P. D. Ross 1910

St. John, N. B...Mrs. E. A. Smith Mrs. G. M. Campbell 1909

Halifax, N. S

Montreal, P. Q Mrs. R. Wilson Reford...Mrs. Graham Drinkwater 1907

Quebec, P. Q Madam Grondirx JMlfe MfLwis™ }Joint 1909

Winnipeg Miss E. L. Jones Mrs. Francis Graham 190/7

Calgary ...Mrs. C. A. Stuart Mrs. A. M. Moore 1910

Vancouver Mrs. R. MacKay-Fripp Mrs. R. C. Boyle 1909

Victoria.... ....Mrs. F. B. Pemberton Mrs. Francis Hallam 1909

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