1919-TWELFTH ANNUAL EDITION-1919
000
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gh the mart of Canada
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THE
TOURIST ROUTE
OF CANADA
The Lovely Lake and River Region known as
The Highlands of Ontario
Affords ideal Summer Resorts for the camper, canoeist and fisherman. Game and Fish abound. Hotel accommodation is excellent. The district includes : —
Muskoka Lakes Georgian Bay
Algonquin Park Lake of Bays
GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM HOTELS
No finer Service on the Continent
THE CHATEAU LAURIER, Ottawa, Ontario
350 Rooms Rates S2.5O and up. THE FORT GARRY, Winnipeg, Manitoba
300 Rooms, Rates S2.5O and up.
THE MACDONALD, Edmonton, Alberta
2OO Rooms, Rates $2.5O and up.
THE NORTH AMERICAN ALPS
Canadian Rockies Mount Robson Route
Traversed by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway offers new wonders to the traveller and tourist and unsurpassed scenery. This newly developed and beautiful mountain country has an especial interest for the Alpinist and Big: Game Hunter.
NORTH PACIFIC COAST
The Grand Trunk Pacific Steamships are the finest in the North Pacific Coast Service, operating between Seattle, Wash., Vancouver, B.C., Victoria, B C., and Prince Rupert, B.C.
For full information, descriptive literature, etc., write any Agent of the Grand Trunk System, ot to
G. T. BELL, W. E. DUPEROW,
Passenger Traffic Manager, General Passenger Agent
Grand Trunk Railway Grand Trunk Pacific
System Railway
Montreal, Quo. Winnipeg, Man.
THE PROVINCE of QUEBEC
Canada's Largest Province
Area— over 700.000 square miles, or 18 per cent of all Canada
tj Rich in Natural Resources, Soil, Timber, Fisheries, Mines, Waterpower estimated at 6.000.000 h.p. of which 875.000 are developed at this present time.
<J Rich in Fish and Game and the best of sport for hunter and sportsman.
Q A Land of great Waterways, of mighty Rivers and Lakes, of extensive Forests.
<I A Land where Farming and Dairying is profitably pursued, with an annual production value exceeding $200,000,000.
Q A Province that leads all the provinces in the Pulpwood and Asbestos Industries.
<J A Provinc* that offers exceptionally favor- able terms to the settler.
Send for Booklets and Information to THE
DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS Quebec City, Quebec.
CANADIAN
RAIL.
OVI«T««'»
BY LAND
14000 Miles of Railway
Across Canada
from the
ATLANTIC to the PACIFIC
including
CANADIAN GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS CANADIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY
C. A. HAYES H. H. MELANSON
Vice-President Passenger Traffic M*r.
TORONTO, ONT., CANADA
NATIONAL
WAYS
BY WATER
The Government of Canada have under construction
48 Vessels
to be placed on the
ATLANTIC-PACIFIC
and the GREAT LAKES
With these ships in commission and working in con- junction with the vast railway system CANADA'S products of FIELD, FOREST, MINES and INDUS- TRIES will find ready markets in the ports of the world.
GEO. STEPHEN
Frelftht Traffic Manager
TORONTO, ONT.
W. J. CARTMEL
Act'ft European Traffic Mgr.
21 Charing Cross LONDON, S.W., ENG.
MISCELLANEOUS WAR FACTS.
London Express estimate of war casualties, 2.6,000,000, viz.: Germany, 6,900,0.00; Austria, 4,500,000; France, 4,000,000; Britain, 2,900,000; Turkey, 750,000; Belgium, 350,000; Rumania, 200,000; Bulgaria, 200>,000; Russia, etc., make up balance.
Total shipping losses in war, 15,053,786 tons. During same period, 10,849,527 tons built, and enemy tonnage cap- tured, 2,392,675 tons. Net loss, 1,811,584 tons.
During war, 2,475 British ships sunk with crews, and 3,147 sunk with crews left adrift. 670 fishing vessels lost. Merchant marine casualties, 15,000'. Britain salvaged 400 vessels. 517 ships added to the British Navy since Aug., 1914, including 7 battleships, 5 battle-cruisers, 20 light cruisers, 17 monitors, 230 destroyers, 23'2 mine- sweepers and special craft.
The armistice was signed on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of 1618'.
The armistice released 6,000,000 men in the Allied armies and navies, and 4,000,000 of the enemy.
Total number of men under arms during the war, 60,000,- 000.
2,000 Canadian Indians enlisted for the war. Contribu- tions to war funds, over $20,000:
Canada loaned $1,239,685 to soldiers under the Soldiers' Settlement Act — to end of October, 1918.
914 graduates and ex-graduates of the Royal Military Col- lege had served in the war up to October, D918. 127 were killed in action. 340' honors and decorations given.
36 generals engaged in the war are ex-cadets of Royal Mili- tary College of Canada. 337 ex-cadets won honors and awards.
Militia Department had (January, 1919), 65 military hospi- tals in Canada, with 11,786, beds, besides those in France and England. 16,001 members of Canadian Medi- cal Services went overseas during the war.
Canada has arranged for credits of $200,000,000 for recon- struction work — $50,000,000 to complete work of Imperial Munitions Board in Canada, $50,000,000 for purchase of 1918 crop, balance to purchase foodstuffs.
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Established 855.
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LEGAL INVESTMENT FOR TRUST FUNDS
1919 EDITION
5000 FACTS ABOUT CANADA
INDEX.
Agriculture 2
Annual Progress 3
Alberta 40
Area 5
Banking 6
Bund Issues 24
British Columbia 41
Canadian National Railways. 56*
Canadian Pacific 59
Cities 7-22
Companies Incorporated 22
Customs Reuenue 27
Dairying . . 4
Education 24
Electric Development 23
Electric Railways 24
Financial 25-26
Fisheries 27
Forestry 28
Grand Trunk 57-58
Homestead Facts 30
Immigration 30-31
Indians 31
Insurance 32
Irrigation 33
Labor 33
Live Stock 33-34
Manitoba 42
Manufacturing 34-35
Marine and Canals 36
Maritime Provinces 43
Methodist 62
Mining 37-38
Milling 37
Montreal 13
Mountains 60
Natural Wealth 26
Naturalization 38
New Brunswick 44
Nova Scotia 45
Ontario 45-49
Population 39
Post-Offlces 39
Presbyterian 61
Prince Edward Island 49
Provinces 40-52
Pulp and Paper 29
Quebec 50
Railways 54-60
' Religions 61-63
Roman Catholic 63
Saskatchewan 52
Shipbuilding 64
Telephones and Telegraphs. . . .62
Temperance 65-66
Timber 28
Toronto 18-19
Trade 66-68
Victory Loans 25
WAR FACTS 70-73
Water Powers, etc 69
Western Canada 73
Winnipeg 21
O CANADA !
O Canada, my country and
my love ! O Canada, with boundless
skies above ! Where'er I roam, where'er
my home,
My heart goes back to thee, Thy lakes and streams, thy
boundless dreams, Thy rivers running free. O Canada ! O Canada ! God pour his blessing on
thee from above, O ( 'a.nada, my country and
my love !
THE NAME "CANADA"
"Canada" is probably derived from the Huron word "Kanada" which means "a village or settle- ment." The early French writers used the term ' Canadien " to designate the Algonquin tribes on or near the St. Lawrence, as distinguished from the Algonkin and Micmac. Jacques Cartier applied the name Canada to the country adjacent to Stada- cona (Quebec), the chief of which he designated as " the King of Canada."
CANADA'S ANNUAL STORY OF GROWTH.
1917. 1918. Production (crops, forests,
mines, fisheries) $1,555,875,750 $1,653,424,881
Field crop value 1,144,636,450 1,235,000,000
Field crop yield (bush.) .... 736,972,020 S27,42:5,l><i0
Wheat crop (bush.) 233,742,850 L'l(i.;!l5,600
Railway net earnings $81,346,395 87,880,842
Railway mileage • 37,434 :;s.i5<>4
Electric R. R. mileage 2,192 2,277
Bank clearings $12,564,633,205 $l::,770,:::',2,72(5
Bank deposits (Oct.) . 1,480,849,299 1,720 ,7:55,0:2.1
Canada's borrowings 775,346,033 763,968,449
Net public debt 976,428,504 1,287,035,504
Fire insurance in force 3,714,888,865 3,986,1 97,51 4
Life insurance in force 1,311,616,677 1,585,042.503
Total trade 2,249,170,171 2,548,691,039
Imports 1,097,793,403 962,521 ,847
Exports 1,151,375,768 1,586,169,798
Immigration 75,395 79,074
Government revenue 232,701,294 261,125,459
Mfg. capital, 1911 & 1916. . 1,247,583,609 1,994,103,272
Mfg. exports 477,000,000 636,602,516
Employees, 1911 and 1916. 392,530 514,883
Agricultural exports 373,000,000 507,713,584
Animal products exports... 128,000,000 172,743,981
Mineral exports 85,000,000 73,760,502
Mineral production 177,201,534 189,646,821
Fishery products 39,208,378 52,352,044
Fisheries exports 24,889,25.'! 32,662,151
Forest products 172,830,000 173,090,000
Forest exports, 1915 & '16.. 56,000,000 51,899,704
Telephones 548,421 604,136
Building permits 29,591,676 35,000,000
Savings of people 1,726,196,173 1,81 1 ,001,61 6
Telephone Capital 76,920,31 4 79,121,702
Telegraph Capital . 75,000,000 75,000,000
Flour Exports 1 47,973,479 95,896,544
Live Stocks Exports 13,526,219 22,985,173
Org. Labor Members, '16 & '17 160,407 204,630 2
AGRICULTURAL FACTS.
CANADA'S FIELD CROPS, 1918.
(Per Dominion Bureau of Statistics (subject to revision.)
Grain. Yield, 1918. Yield, 1917.
Wheat, bush 210,315,600 233,742,850
Oats 456,733,900 403,009,800
Barley 83,262,500 5~>,Q~>7, 7f,<)
Eye 10,375,500 3,857,200
Peas 4,384,700 3,026,340
Beans 3,937,400 1,274,000
Buckwheat 11,469,600 7,149,400
Flax 7,695,000 5,934,900
Mixed grains 32,303,000 16,157,080
Corn (for husking) 6,946,200 7,76.2,700
827,5'23<,200 736,972,020
Canada is now a billion-dollar country in field crops value.
< :tu:ula's field crops value show steady increase (7-fold since 1901), viz., 1901, $195,000,000; 1916, $886,000,000; 1917, $1,144,636,450; 1918, estimated at $1,235,000,000.
Canada's field crops value doubled during the war from $63#,000,000 in 1914, to $1,235> 000,00 in 1918.
Canada's estimated gross total agricultural production, in- cluding field crops, live stock, dairying, wool, fruits, vege- tables, eggs, etc.: 1915, $1,118,694,000; 1916, $1,223,952,- 000; 1917, $1,621,028,000.
Over half of Canada's estimated invested capital was in farm values (census of 1911), viz., $4,231,000,000, out of $8,365,000,000; and more than half of Canada's popula- tion is engaged in the agricultural industry.
Canada's chief occupation is agriculture. Fifty per cent, of value of annual production (per 1911 census) was in field crops, farm animals, cheese, butter, fruits and vege- tables; 40 per cent, in form of manufactures, and 10 per cent from mines, forests and fisheries.
14.685 boys were enrolled in 1918 as "Soldiers of the Soil."
Earl of Dufferin: "Never has any people been endowed with a nobler birthright or blessed prospects of a fairer future than the Canadians. Whatever good gift God hiss given to man is to be found within the borders of Can- ada's ample territory."
Average grain yields per acre (in bushels) : Wheat (fall), 16yo in 1918; 21% in 1917; 23, 10-year average, 1908-17. Wheat (spring), 12% in 1918; 15% in 1917; 19, 1908-17. Oats, 33 in 1918; 30*4 in 1917; 35%, 1908-17. Barley, 25% in 1918; 23 in 1917; 27, 1908-17. Rye, 14% iu 1918; 16% in 1917; 18%, 1908-17.
Wheat area, 1918, 17,353><902 acres; total field crop area, 51,43(6,647 acres, increase of nearly 9,000,000 over 19J7.
Boot and fodder crops, 1918, valued at $337,364,425 ($268,- 310,300 in 1917), from 12,321,361 acres, 9,576,568 in 1917).
Of above, record yield of potatoes of 105,579,700 bushels, as against 79,892,000 in 1917. Turnips, 120,767,000 bushels. Hay and clover, 14,596,500 tons.
Canada's exports of foodstuffs to Europe, viz., fish, animal and agricultural products: 1914-15, $187,011,300; 1915- 16, $332,455,900; 1916-17, $482,619,400; 1917-18, $710,- 619,400. .
Canada leads all nations in production of food per capita of population. That is, she produces, per head, more food materials obtained from farm crops than any other of the principal countries of the world. Based on average crop acreages for pre-war years of 1911, 1912 and 1913.
Relative percentage of foodstuffs produced from farm crops runs from 100 per cent, per capita in Canada to 80 for Argentina, 64 for the United States, 35 for Australia, 30 for the German Empire, and so on down the list.
Canada 's wool production value estimated at $10,000,000.
The Commission of Conservation survey of 2,245 farms in Canada showed that they are less fertile than 40 years ago.
1,200 tractors were used, through the Canada Food Board, to speed up production.
DAIRYING.
Canada had 3,515 cheese and butter factories in 1918.
Cheese and butter production, 1917, nearly $100,000,000, increase of $13,000,000 in year. Made in 3,418 factories. Capital, $19,628,000.
Canada sold $40,000,000 worth of cheese in 1918 to the Allied Governments.
Canada's sales of cheese, butter, eggs and condensed milk- to the British Government totalled $50,000,000, 1917-18. 4
CANADA'S AREA.
Province. Total Acres. Square Miles.
Alberta 163,382,400 2.">,L'*.-,
British Columbia 227,747,200 355,855
Manitoba 161,172,298 251,832
New Brunswick 17,910,498 27,985
Nova Scotia 13,713,771 21,428
Prince Edward Island 1,397,991 2,184
Ontario 260,647,636 407,262
Quebec 452,373,601 706,834
Saskatchewan 161,088,000 251,700
North- West Territories 795,023,360 1,242,224
Yukon 132,528,640 207,076
Totals 2,386,985,395 3,729,665
<'an;nia is Britain's largest overseas Dominion.
Canada has enough land to make provinces more
Canada is 3,500 miles by 1,400 in area. The United States- Canada boundary line is 3,000 miles long; 1,600 by land, 1,400 through water.
Canada is bounded by three oceans; its 13,000 miles of coast line is nearly equal to half circumference of earth.
Canada has one-third of area of British Empire, and is as large as 30 United Kingdoms and 18 Germanys; twice the size of British India; almost as large as Europe; 18 times size of France; 33 of Italy.
Canada is larger in area than the United States, including Alaska, by 111,992 square miles (Canada, 3,729,665; United States and Alaska, 3,617,673).
Canada's land area, exclusive of the Territories and the Yukon, and excluding swamplands and forests, is 1,401,- 000,000 acres. Thirty-one per cent, or 440,000,000, is fit for cultivation, and of this acreage only 110,000,000 acres are occupied, and 34,000,000 acres under cultivation.
Canada's available arable land, 441,000,000 acres (within area of existing provinces). Only 110,000,000 acres occupied, and only 12 per cent, of the 441,000,000, or 50 per cent, of the 110,000,000, are under cultivation.
Stefausson has added 250,000 miles of territory to Canada by his Arctic explorations.
BANKING FACTS.
ASSETS. 31 Oct., 1918. 31 Oct., 1917.
Cash and bank balances $506,295,346 $415,973,866
Bank balances abroad 53,922,146 73,571,489
Call and* short loans 230,725,994 222,672,466
Securities 581,354,240 421,469,743
Loans in Canada 1,061,229,550 939,166,164
Loans abroad 112,869,399 93,821,865
Other assets 92,442,900 78,202,292
$2,638,839,575 $2,244,877,885 LIABILITIES.
Note Circulation $227,597,808 ' $189,852,907
Deposits —
Government 140,123,468 84,535,384
Public in Canada 1,720,735,625 1,480,849,299
Foreign 224,201,096 181,799,457
Bank balances —
Canadian 12,093,170 9,170,956
Foreign 32,762,554 23,856,027
Bills payable and acceptances. . 30,283,121 20,808,778
Other liabilities 5,322,681 - 4,076,070
Capital and rest 217,712,095 225,187,422
$2,610,831,618 $2,220,136,300 Canada's banks have never been in a stronger position nor
reflected greater national prosperity. " The termination of the war finds the banking situation
in Canada very strong." — General Manager, Dominion
Bank. Bank clearings, 1918, $13,776,332, 726; 1917, $12,564, 633,-
205. Canada has 19 banks, 3,217 branches, and 27 bank clearing
houses — one-third of branches in the West. 23 bank
amalgamations since 1868. 7 Canadian banks earned, 1918, $11,020,395, compared
with $9,134,290' in 1913. Canada's national wealth about equals deposits in 24 of
world's largest banks, or nearly $2,500 per capita. United
States Avealth, $254,600,000,000, about $2,400 per capita.
CANADA'S LEADING CITIES.
AMHEEST, N.S. — One of the livest towns in the Mari- times. Population, 12,000. Many big industries. The mother of the Canada Oar & Foundry Co. plants. Only one in America which makes all that enters into a freight or other car. Boot and shoe centre. Excellent churches, schools, stores and homes. Active Board of Trade.
BELLEVILLE, Ont. — Population, with suburbs, 15',000. Largest cheese exporting centre in Ontario. Centre of fruit, dairying and mining districts. Largest cement mills in Canada. Served by 3 railroads. Divisional point of G.T.E. New Government dock, making splendid ship- ping facilities both by rail and water. Boiling mills, engineering and lock works. One of the finest cold stor- age plants in Canada. Provincial School for the Deaf, Albert College, Ontario Business College, St. Agnes School for girls.
BORDER CITIES.— Ford, Walkerville, Windsor, Sandwich and Ojibway. Located at the most southern extremity of Canada, on the world's greatest waterways, just oppo- site the city of Detroit. Have 180 operating industries, supporting a total population exceeding 49,000. Is Can- ada's automobile, heavy drug and chemical and pharma- ceutical manufacturing centre. Good location for indus- tries, with unfailing labor supply. Beautiful home cities. Served by five trunk railways, all connected by a ter- minal line which absorbs switching charges. Electric power and natural gas. Exceptional educational facili- ties. Border Chamber of Commerce has 810 members.
BRANTFORD, Out. — Named after Joseph Brant. Popula tion, 28,7<25, increase of 1,061; within 70-mile radius, 700,000; one of Canada's leading manufacturing cities, with 73 industrial establishments, employing from 6.000 to 8,000; value of new factories built in year, $620,000. Centre of rich area. 7 public schools, 2 separate schools, collegiate institute, and 2 technical schools; average attendance in all, 4,000. Total civic revenue, $683,054 7
for 1917. Debenture debts, $3,454,170. Municipal util- ities: Waterworks, Hydro-Electric, street railway. City assets, $4,3*7,564. Assessment, $24,377,2-85. Increase since 1906 of $14,938,3i93, a record of steady progress. Increase last year, $1,973,690.
BKOCKVILLE, Ont. — Named after Sir Isaac Bro<-k. Population, 10,000. Assessment, nearly $6,000,000. Tax rate, 30'^ mills. Schools, 10', viz.: 6 public, 1 manual training, 1 domestic science, 1 collegiate institute, St. Alban's School for Boys, 1 separate. School population exceeds 1,100; 6 banks; 9 churches. Centre of dairy in-
Canada has more than billion dollars invested in factories, dustry; cheese sold by Dairymen's Boa,rd of Trade ex- ceeds $3,000,000 annually. Several large industries. Municipally owned: Gas, electric light, water and power plants.
CALGARY, Alta. — Population, 70,000. Assessment, over $80,000,000. Area, 40% sq, miles.
Waterworks: mains, 193' miles; hydrants, 1,079. Streets: paved, 62 miles; curb and gutter, 74; boulevard, 52; concrete walk, 160. Street lighting: lights, 1,300; also on subways and bridges, 523. Police, including officers, 68; police patrol system; 5 police sta- tions. Firemen: 7'5; public alarm boxes, 153; sema- phores for signalling, 7; fire stations!, 10. Parks: 10; area in acres, 577%; valuation, $2,ll93,028i. Sewers: miles, 200; connections, 9,031; manholes, "l,S9'6; catch basins, 1,400. Schools: public, 3-8; teachers, 226; pupils, 101,5661; separate, 6; teachers, 27; pupils^ 1,104. Colleges: 5>, and 3i business. Churches1, S3. Banks, including branches, 21. Hotels, 24. Bridges, 16'. Bank clearings, 191S, $331,334,577.
CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I.— Capital of Province. Civic receipts, 1917, $121,456.91. Assessment valuation, $4;90t3>,847; largest on record. Population, 12,000'. Char- lottetown has a spacious and safe harbor, ample water supply/ modern sewerage system, electric lighting, 15 miles of concrete sidewalks, 8 churches, 2 colleges, 4 public schools, 1 convent school, 2 business colleges.
8
CHATHAM.— Population, 15,000. Assessment, $S,S7Gi,000. huliistries: Sugar plant of the Dominion Sugar Co., Ltd, (Iruy-Dort auto factory, Win. Gray Sons, Campbell, Ltd., carriages; R. Milner, carriages; International Harvester Works; Brass Works; Nickel Works; Chatham Bent Goods Works; T. H. Taylor Company Woolen Works; t\vo large flour milling plants; Deep Well Works plant; large bridge plant; Spring & Axle Works; Novelty Steel & Iron Works; Cement Products works; Rennie Seed Company plaut; Pad and Textile works; three large planing and finishing works; tobacco and cigar plant; munitions plant, and other smaller industries; Natural Gas plant; Hydro-Electric plant; Chatham Gas & Elec- tric Co., Ltd.; Chatham Waterworks;' White Swan Steam Laundry.
EDMONTON.— Capital of Alberta. Situated on North Saskatchewan River about 70 miles south of the geo- graphical centre of the province. Wholesale, industrial, financial and educational centre for Central and North- ern Alberta. Centre of very fertile mixed farming coun- try. 5 railways with 13 radiating lines. Population (Vnsus 1916), 59,794. Assessment, 1918, $92,4S4,5ii5. I'aiversity, high schools, fine public schools, 50 churches, public golf links and playgrounds, modern hospitals. Great live stock centre; 3 meat packing plants; big pub- lic stock yards. Important dairy centre; 4 important creamery enterprises produce 5,000,000 Ibs. butter annu- ally. Centre of great coal field; 4 mines operating within city limits; 30 others in vicinity. 100 wholesale houses, 15 banks, flour mills, cereal mill, sawmill, planing mills, brick-yards, iron-works, clothing factories, cigar factory, brewery, bottling works, fish cannery, biscuit factory, candy factory, etc. Utilities: City owns and operates its electric light and power distribution system, street rail- way, water system, and telephone service.
FORT WILLIAM.— Founded as a trading post in 1669, to- day the headquarters of the grain business of Canada. All the grain harvested on the fertile plains of Western Canada passes through Fort William. The terminus of
9
all traffic westward, and the point of origin of all traffic eastward on the Great Lakes. Combined storage capac- ity of the grain elevators at head of lakes is the greatest in Canada and second largest in the world. Fort William has 23 grain elevators, with a storage capacity of 2l9,855i,000 bushels. Port Arthur, adjoining Fort William, has 9 grain elevators with a storage capacity of 22,51.1,- 000 bushels.
Population, 25,000; 15 churches, 10 schools, collegiate institute, 12 parks, City Hall, 3 fire halls, 2 hospitals, Court House, Public Library and Y.M.C.A.; 31 miles of electric street railway; telephone, light, water and sew- erage systems
Industries include flour mills, capacity 15,000 bbls. per day; car wheel, stove and general foundries; woodwork- ing plants; shipbuilding and car-building plants; starch plant (largest in Canada) ; plant for manufacturing cat- tle and hog feeds from grain refuse (only plant of its kind in Canada).
FREDERICTON, N.B.— "The prettiest city on the conti- nent," marked by industrial activity and picturesque beauty. A railway hub of 5 lines, as "well as divisional centre. Cheap coal and waterpower. Educational cen- tre; University of New Brunswick, Normal and High School, etc. Farming and fruit-raising centre. Pivot of lumbering industry.
GALT, ONT. — Gross assessment, $10,000',000; taxable as- sessment, $7,632,561; exempt, $1,488,910. Population, 12,465. Area, 1,600 acres. 100 acres of parks; 80 indus- tries, including large ma-chine shops, foundries, munition works, woollen factories, shoe factories, sash and door factories, brass foundries, planer knives, etc. 7 schools; 9 churches.
HALIFAX, N.S. — Canada's largest city east of Quebec. Founded in 1749; created a city in 1S42. Population, 1911, 46,000; now G2',000'. Canada's chief Atlantic port and chief British naval station in North America; 23 lines of steamships use it; 15 coastal boats; port tonnage, 1917, 17,0|92,911. Harbor is 6 miles long. Protected by 10
11 forts. Has one of largest dry-docks on Atlanntic.
;0,000 being spent on terminals and piers that will dock two-score of world's largest ships at one time. Ship- building plant now under construction at an outlay of $10,000,000. Oil refining works involving outlay $4,000,- 000 about completed.
.Manufactured products exceed $20,000,000 a year. ment valuation, nearly $50,000,000.
Bank clearings, 1918, $215,289,303. Established first bank clearing house, first public ferry, first newspaper, etc., in Canada.
10 public schools, 4 colleges and university; first technical college in Canada; 2 High Schools; 42 churches; finest public gardens in America.
The Halifax disaster of December ,1917, caused the death of 1,&50, the injury of 4,000, and a property loss of '0,000.
HAMILTON. — Assessment, $89,330,700; population, 110,- J:i7; population of tributary territory, 375,000; area, 7,143 acres; 22. parks, 543 streets, 22,797 houses, 4."0 manufacturing industries, 31 banks and branches, 7 :un and 4 electric railways, 2 public libraries, 83 churches, 33 public and separate schools, 10 private schools and business colleges, 1 normal school, 2 techni- cal schools, 1 collegiate institute, 110 police officers, 89 firemen, over 30 miles street railway, 168 miles of streets, ")."» miles permanently paved streets, 77 miles macadam streets, 138 miles sewers, 4 sewerage disposal works, 240 miles permanent sidewalks, 190 miles water mains, Bank clearings, 1918, $262,076,470. Customs collections, lit 17, $6,924,991.:', J.
KINGSTON.— Assessment, 191S, $13,780,245. Population,
:.::.7:;7; increase of 1,148 in 2 years. Water, light and pw\ver plants are municipally controlled. Leading educa- tional centre: Queen's University, Royal Military Col- li'ge, etc. Commercial advantages: Good water and rail connections. Served by 7 hanks. Centre cheese trade. Splendid harbor. Seats of two bishoprics. Large indus- tries and first class market. One of Canada's historic centres. Important lake port. 11
KITCHENER. — Population, 19,767. Assessment, $14.097,- 5o3; property taxable, $10>70i8,r59; school tax, $202,500; exempted property, $1,485,247; business assessment, $l,2i5'5,S'60; income assessment, $445,787. School popu- lation, 2,720; public schools, 5; separate (R.C.) schools, 2; collegiate, 1; churches, 22; mill rate, 26 mills. Impor- tant industrial centre. City of homes.
LETHBEIDGE, Alta. — Under straight commission govern- ment. Department of Public Utilities operates electric service and coal mine and street railway. Industrial and commercial centre of Southern Alberta. Gross es- sessment, 11918, $18,522,145; nett taxable assessment, 1918, $11,1630,910; 1918 population, 12«,50Q; according to City Directory, 14,476. Bank clearings, 1918, $41,901,114. Board of Trade membership, 217.
LONDON, Ont. — London is an important manufacturing city and the commercial, financial and educational cen- tre of the Western Ontario peninsula. Showa steady growth. Population, 58,0^55. Bank clearings, 1917, $112,664,207; 1918, $126,958,350.
Manufacturing output increased! 100 p.c. in 10 years. School attendance, 11,500'. Four trunk and seven branch railways'; many hydro-radial lines projected. City owned and operated railway to London's harbor on Lake Erie, Port Stanley. Assessment, 1917, $40',3<34,661.
MONCTON, N.B.— Situated on Petitcodiae Elver, noted for its wonderful Bore. Headquarters of Canadian Gov- ernment Eailways, and centre of all transportation facil- ities for the Maritime Provinces. Steadily growing in wealth. Population, near 17,000 (12,000 in 1911); sur- rounded by suburbs with a population of at least 5,000 more. Industries include manufacture of woolen goods, Underwear, hats and caps, bisicuits, linen, glass (bottles and chimneys), wire fencing, stoves, castings^ butter factory, woodworking factories, machine shops, etc. As- sessed value of property, $ll,CKM),OiOOi. Paved streets, concrete sidewalks and up-to-date methods in civil gov- ernment. Two large parks. Five large schools, which include domestic science and technical training. 12
MONTREAL FACTS.
Greater Montreal is fourth among American cities in popu- lation, exceeded only by New York, Chicago and Phila- delphia.
Once site of Indian village of Hochelaga, visited by ('artier in loSa. In 1611 Champlain established a trad- ing post — Place Royale. Founded by Maisonneuve, 1641.
Montreal is the leading city of Canada, with unique nat- ural advantages. It is the national seaport of Canada, the terminus of the great inland waterways which reach from the head of Lake Superior.
Montreal is the financial centre of Canada and the com- mercial metropolis. It is also the seat of hundreds of important industries.
Montreal's population growth: 1851, 57,716; 1S<61, 90,323; 1871, 107,225; 1881, 140,747; 1891, 211,302; 1901, 277,- 829; 1911, 522,?>77; 1916, €60^000; 1917, 670,000 without suburbs, or over 7160,000 including them. 75 per cent, of population of French-Canadian origin. Population increased 2% times since 1901.
Montreal's area, 3-2,1.15 acres, or 13x9 miles. Parks and squares, 66 in number, of 1,421 acres; 76S miles of streets; 262 miles of electric railway lines (single track).
Montreal's budget for 1918, $18,160,463, highest in Canada.
Montreal is the head of ocean navigation, nearly 1,000 miles from the open sea, the key to the great waterways of Canada, and its chief railway and shipping centre.
Montreal port is one of the best equipped in the world, with 8 miles of deep water in the harbor and wharfage room for 125 vessels. The big Atlantic liners and the freight carriers from the Great Lakes meet at Montreal.
Port traffic, 1917, 6,921 vessels arrived, viz.: 579 trans- atlantic; 68 Maritime Provinces; 6,274 inland. Tonnage, 5-,217,309. Decrease of 10* transatlantic vessels.
Montreal's assessed valuation, 1918, $853,173,2101. Exemp- tion, $22)6,332.,S8K
Montreal's estimated revenue, 1919, $19,000,000 — highest in Canada. Debt charges, $6,921,809.
Montreal's bank clearings, 1918, $4,833,924,288 (highest in Canada).
13
Montreal is Canada's leading city in the use of electrical
power industrially. Montreal is Canada's leading industrial city. Value of
manufactured products, 1017, $4-92,788,850. Now has
2,3*72 industries and 115,048 employees. Montreal Chambre de Commerce has 800 members. Montreal is the headquarters of the Canadian Pacific. Rail
way and the Grand Trunk, Grand Trunk Pacific iin.i
Canadian Northern Eailways.
MEDICINE HAT, Alta— Assessment, 1917, $13,o94,46o Population, 11,000'. Several large industries. Number of gas wells drilled by the city, 18; wells handed over to induetries, 3r; 15 operated by city; length of mains1, 48. miles; number of services, 2,513'. Bank clearings, li)l>, $24,0«8,,013;
MOOSE JAW, Sask., is " the buckle of tne greatest wheat belt in the world" — the place where the white-man- found-the-moose jaw. Population (estimated), 20,000; assessment, gross, $29,606,955; assessment, taxable, $24,- 462,055; school population, 4,292; building permits (10 months 1018), $516,495; bank clearings, 1918, $78,42.-,- 563. Important shipping centre.
NELSON, B.C. — Clearing-house of Crow's Nest Pass and the Kootenays. Population, 6,500. Several industries, including mining and lumbering. 100 sawmills in dis- trict. Municipally owned franchises. Public utilities valued at $576',280>. Earnings, 1917, $28,667. In heart of rich fruit area. Unlimited water-power. At con- vergence of three lake systems, with 8 rail and steamer routes.
NEW GLASGOW, N.S.— Population, including Stellarton, ^ Westville and Trenton,, 25,000. Assessment, $5,100,000. Birthplace of steel in Canada, great mining and indus- trial centre, including Stellarton, Westville and Tren- ton. One of the most active and progressive business and residence towns in Maritime Provinces. Annual coal production of district, 600,000 tons. 14
tion, 20,000. Situated on the bank of the Fraser Eiver, it is an important fresh-water port, and has many points of interest, including the million-dollar bridge, great lumber mills, one of them the largest in world; Provin- cial Asylum, Provincial Jail^ penitentiary, and salmon canneries.
NIAGARA FALLS.— Population, 12,434, increase of 6-66. Assessment, $9,621,000', increase of $600,000. Important industrial centre, with cheap power and fine shipping facilities. Home of great power plants. A city of homes, schools and churches.
OTTAWA. — The Capital of Canada. Civic waterworks and electric light systems; 20,000 houses, 84 public build- ings, 24 public schools, 9,000 pupils, and 33 separate schools with 10,000 pupils; 3 high schools, 1 university, and 10 colleges, National Museum, 67 churches, 13 con- vents, 22 charitable institutions, 24 hospitals and asy- lums 119 wholesale houses, 192 industries, 19 Govern- ment buildings, 13 parks, 9 steam railways entering the city, 8 water transport lines, 55^ miles of paved streets, 47 miles electric street railway, 38 banks and branches, 18,431 telephones in use, over 100 insurance companies represented, 161 miles of streets, 238 Board of Trade members, 62 policemen, 101 firemen, over 5,000 Govern- ment employees.
Population, 104,007; assessment, $153,390i,972; customs revenue, 1917-1&, $1,712,529.53. Bank clearings, H91'8, $3S7,g9#,7Sl.
PETERBOROUGH, Ont. — Assessment, $13,273,66*5; popu- lation, 21,000; with suburbs, 24,000; 10 public schools, Collegiate Institute, and Provincial Normal School; fine churches, 9 banks. City owns waterworks and hydro- electric power and light; large parks; complete fire pro- tection equipment; extensive sewer system; electric railway; 60 factories. Population increased by 63 per cent, during last census. Cheap hydro-electric power and excellent shipping facilities; attractive summer resorts. Board of Trade, 67 members. Has world's largest lift lock.
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POET ARTHUR, Ont. (see also Fort William).— Head of deep water lake navigation, with fine natural harbor. Assessment, over $30,18 6,iQli5. Population, 15,224. Good public, and separate schools, Model and collegiate World's record for elevators; 31 in the Twin Cities; capacity, 53^000,000 bushels. Big dry-dock and ship building plant, blast furnace, lumber mills, etc. Big pulp mill in operation, one other organizing. Unlimited w<aterpower; 50>000 h.p. developed, 130/000 under devel- opment. City owns and operates municipal franchises. Dominion signal and wireless station; largest fish hatch- ery in Canada; leads America in fish breeding. Ship- building centre.
QUEBEC. — The Gateway City of Canada. Population, 1918 (Directory estimate), 103,402. City valuation, $9Q,01i5,807. One of Canada's important sea and river ports. New Quebec Bridge now completed. City grow- ing steadily. Bank clearings, 1918, $23i8,906,800.
REOINA. — "The City of Certainties" and Provincial capi- tal. Incorporated as a town in 1883; as a city, 1903. Estimated population, 1917-1918, 40,000; in 1882, 200. Gross assessment, 1918, $42,478,300. Area of city, 8,427 acres; parks, 257 acres; cemetery, 75 acres; Exhibition Grounds, 7' acres, all inside city; 75 miles graded, 31 miles paved, and 1® miles boulevarded streets; 116 miles sidewalks. Building permits, 1917, $416,400'; 69 miles of sewers; water, 13> miles of supply mains and 59 miles in distributing system; 515 hydrants; trunk sewer sewage disposal works, and an incinerator plant for garbage; has municipal electric light and power plant, water- works, street railway with 33' miles of track. Bank clear- ings, 1918, $184y624,631.
ST. CATHARINES.— Population, 19,189; increase of 111 in year. Assessment, $16,512,000.; increase of $783,82-5 in year. Centre of Niagara fruit belt. Centre of Niag- ara power district, with 60,000 h.p. plant adjoining city limits and1 10,000 h.p. line connection with Niagara gen- erating plants. One of the most attractive cities in Can- ada, with high grade of Canadian labor. 16
ST. JOHN, N.B.— "Canada's Winter Shipping Port." Total trade, 19 17- IS, $'217,r>7QJV7. Exports, 1917-18, $300,783,- 07; increase in year of $14y5<24,546. Shipped H,3S8,898 bushels of grain in 1017-18; total value, $34,57fl,7-00. Total number of vessels entered port, 1917-18, -.77*; tonnage, .1,473,071. Deal and lumber shipments to Unit- ed Kingdom, Continent, Australia and South Africa, 1!M7, &S,749,.>7'6 feet spruce deals. Value of lumber ex- ports to United States, 19d>7, $2,426,365.69. Bank clear- ings, during 1918, $117,133,608; increase over like period 1917, $13,000,000. Customs receipts, 1917-18, $.V538,987. Census population, 1910-11, 42,511. Present population, estimated, 62,520. City growing rapidly; i>ew residential area being developed; shipbuilding pro- gressing. First city in Canada to adopt a town-planning law. Shipbuilding industry active. Holds second place among chief ocean ports of Canada for volume of trade.
SASKATOON, Sask.— Population, 25,411. Wholesale distributing, commercial, financial and educational centre for Central and Northern Saskatchewan, on 3 railways. Government elevator, capacity 3,500,000. 16% miles of municipal street railway. Municipal electric light, power and water system. University of Saskatchewan, Agricul- tural College and College Farm. Normal School. 2 plan- ing mills; iron foundry; bottling works; cold stare, butter and ice cream making and milk pasteurizing plant; poul- try killing station. Bank clearongs, 1918, $91,431,885. Public and High School attendance (1917), 4,545. Build- ing permits, January to September 30, 1918, $595,665. Customs revenue, 1917-1918, $1,167,377.
SAULT STE. MARIE. — Population, now including Steel- ton, 22,000. Assessment, $20,000,000. Centre of several great indutries, including the "Clergue" ones. Great inland port. Soo Canal lock one of largest in world. Soo canals have greater traffic three times over than Suez Canad. City is centre of rich mining, timber and farm region.
SHERBROOKE, Que.— Population, 23,224. Total valua- tion, $21,741,174 (i.e., doubled in 7 years). Assessable, 17
$12,192,274. Balance exempted and non-taxable. Assets, $2,046,207. Large industrial centre, with ample water- power. Educational centre. Chief city in Eastern Town- ships. Eevenue from municipal franchises, $384,000.
SYDNEY, C.B. — The Pittsburg of Canada. Census popu- lation, 1917, 25,000. Including North Sydney and Glac-c Bay, over 50,000. Centre of great coal, iron and steel industry. Several are enlarging, and new ones opening. Excellent schools. Market centre. Great shipping port and deep-sea harbor.
STRATFORD. Ont. — Population, 13,000. Important indus- trial and railway centre. Large Grand Trunk shops. Best of schools. Several fine churches. Important dairy- ing and farming centre.
TORONTO FACTS.
TORONTO (from an Indian word meaning "a place of meeting"), founded as a French trading post, 174*9, "Fort Rouille." Land on which it stands was seld by Missis- sauga Indians in 1787 to Crown for $85.00. Chosen as provincial capital, 17®2. Incorporated as city, 1834.
AREA: 32 square miles, or 7x10 miles at farthest points.
POPULATION has practically doubled every 15 years. In 1834, 9,2i54; 1844, 18,420; 1874, 67,005; 1884, 105,211; 1905, 238,642; 1910, 341,991; 101*, 480,681 (increase of lo,852 in year) (assessment).
Toronto ranks second industrially in Canada. Production value, 1910, $154,000,000; increase of 164 per cent, in ten years; 1,100 establishments then employed 65,000; 1,445 manufactures in 1916. Capital invested, $217,001,- 808; value of products, $219,143',7'2i8; 78,581 employees, $4-3,27<8,78iS in salaries amd wages. Toronto has over 100 branch U. S. factories.
Toronto has 125 industries' employing 150,000 or more.
Assessment: $624,207,889 (increase of $21,268,250 in year). Doubled in 8 years. Tax rate, SO1/!, mills (including provincial war tax). Taxes raised, H91&, $18,341,142. Exemptions, $<S9,102,7i60.
Bank clearings, 1018, $3,3?9>,864,506; 1917, $3,004,785,565. Doubled in 8 years.
18
Toronto's assessment, 1919, $624,207,889. Increase of 167 per cent, in 10 years. Population, 489,681. Increased by 202,480 in 10 years.
Toronto has nearly 100,000 buildings, 530 miles of streets and 140' of lanes, 71 parks and playgrounds', 81 homes and hospitals, 96 public schools, 10 high schools, 33 sep- arate schools, Technical and Commercial High School; value of school property, $15,089,725; 2,172 teachers in all schools; 84,708 registered pupils; 32 colleges, 13 libraries have SOOyOOO books; 8 public hospitals.
Toronto has the world's largest annual Exhibition, with attendance of nearly a million. Surplus1, $100,000.
Toronto is now Canada's greatest live stock market. Re- ceipts, 1918, cattle, 28,368; sheep, 21,433; hogs, 76,245; calves, 5,470:
Toronto's debt, $103,000,000.
Vital statistics, 1918: Births, 12,268; marriages, $5,048; deaths, 7,552.
Street Railway Co. net earnings, 1917, $l,004,80i9; passen- gers carried, 158,087,984.
Toronto Street Railway gross income, 1918, $6,618,000; city's share, $1,300,000. Carried 166,000,000 passengers.
Building statistics, 1917, $6,968,914; 1918, $8,13<9,999. Nearly 1,000 dwellings built.
Fire department, 342 officers and men; 574 of a police force.
Inland revenue, 1917-18, $1,948,621; customs returns, $218,- 145,«89; duty, $32,966,828.
Toronto gave $30,000,000 for all war purposes. Enlist- ments, over 55,000'. Casualties, over 25,000, including 5.044 killed and died of wounds. City insured 44,568 men; paid1 out for 3,537 claims $3,500,000; 600 pending. City 'has war debt of nearly $12,000',000. Toronto, with l-16th of Canada's population, gave almost one-third of Canada's voluntary war funds.
VANCOUVER, B.C. — Canada's portal city on the Pacific. Has 3 fine harbors; 80 miles of water frontage; 40 of anchorage. 82 churches and missions; schools enrolment, 15,3219; 400 teachers. Assessment, $224,202,883. Popu- lation, 102,550; with suburbs, ITOjOOO. Vancouver's
19
bank clearings, 1917, $419,610,898; manufacturing pro ducts, $33,871,044:; production value increase, 10 10-15, 125 per cent.; 1900-15; 579 per cent. 435 industries in Vancouver district; 28,800 employed.
Shipbuilding, 1918, 36 vessels under contract. Tonnage, 175,000; 4,911 employed.
Bank clearings, 1918, $545,368,714; 1917, $419,610,898.
The great Vancouver-Panama-Great Britain grain route was opened in November, 1917, by the sailing from Van- couver of a British steamer with lOOyOOO bushels of prairie-grown wheat destined for Great Britain. With the completion of the canal the distance of 15,000 miles formerly existing between Vancouver and Liverpool was cut 6,164 miles, or 23 days' steamer sailing.
Production value increase, 1)910- 15, 125 per cent.; 1900 15, 579 per cent.
Vancouver has 23 parks, of 1,415 acres, including Stanley
Park, of 1,000 acres; cost of parks, $1,5<50',2'60; land valua- tion, $2,5815,050.
VANCOUVER ISLAND. — The largest off America's Pa- cific coast, 300 miles long, 85 miles wide. "The Island of a Thousand Miles of Wonderland," with picturesque auto roads. Sportsman's paradise. Has one of the world's largest telescopes. Area of 10', 000', 000 acres, one- third practically unexplored. Eich in agricultural, fish- ing, mining and timber resources. Ideal for dairy and fruit farming. Good hunting and fishing. Centre of large industries. An island of great and diversified seen ery. Many natural' harbors. Strathcona Park, in centre of island, is 785 squares miles in area.
VICTORIA, B.C. — "The pivotal trade point of the Pacific" and the City of Sunshine. One of the healthiest cities in the world, and one of the most beautiful,' possessing- an unequalled temperate climate. Average temperature, 50.2. Average of 5% hours of bright sunshine for every day in year. Unique death rate of only 7.86 per 1,000. •Average rainfall only 27.01 irfches.
Victoria has more mileage of paved streets and boule- vards than any city of its size in Canada,
20
Second largest port in Canada, according to tonnage;
$<i,<HMi,lHl<). being spent in additions to its harbor and
docks; orders under way for 20> wooden and 4 steel ships. Estimated population (including suburbs), 55',000. A-
incut over $110,000,000. Bank clearings, 191S, $101,471,-
852. 30 schools and 173 teachers. New High School cost $426,-
L'l'SI.
Tlie King said (in 1901): "Victoria is the most beautiful city we have seen in our trip around the world.1' Popu- lation of Greater Victoria, 65,000. "The real outlet to the Orient," and the Pacific gateway to Canada.
The City of Sunshine and Health.
WELLAND, Ont.— Value of manufactured product,* 19 17, .•: 12,:KM>; payrool of $5,569,190; 5,305 industrial work-, ers; manufacturers spent over a million on equipment and enlargement in 1017. Population, 9,87'Q, gain in year of 1,053; 99 new houses in 1017. Shipbuilding now important industry. Wellaiwl is in the zone of the Wei- la nd Ship Canal, destined to be the workshop of the Dominion. Assesment, $7,63(8,110; increase of 897,120 in year.
Where rails and water meet. Important industrial centre. Abundant electrical energy and natural gas supply. 7 lines of railway. Centre of many branch American in- dustries, also steel plants. Has cheapest heat and light in Canada, on marine highway of Welland Canal. Sur- rounded by fine fruit district.
WINNIPEG FACTS.
Selkirk settlers occupied its site in 1812. Hudson Bay trading post of Fort Garry, in 1870, with popula- tion of 215; 1,869 when incorporated as city in 1874; ISMS, over 200,000. Third largest city in Canada.
Winnipeg is greatest grain centre in America; the financial, commercial and manufacturing centre of West.
City area, 23 sq. miles; 500 miles of streets.
Building permits,- 1917, $2,212,450; 1,268 buildings.
Schools, 45; 6,34 teachers; attendance, 29,310; value of buildings, sites, etc., $5,927,164. 21
31 parks of 674 acres; 227 firemen and officers.
City has playgrounds, free employment bureau and baths.
Net debenture debt, $6,596,568; assets, $58,520,349.
Municipal ownership of power-works, waterworks plant, street lighting, stone quarry, asphalt plant, etc.
Manufacturing output, 1905, 8^ millions; output, 1915, 47 millions; 1916, $94,000,000. 445 industrial plants in 1918, employing 23,000. Wages, $21,000,000; $72,000,000 invested. l,5iOO' retail establishments; 350 wholesale and jobbing houses.
Winnipeg has five railroad systems, 29 pair of railway tracks radiating from it; over 6,000 railway employees.
Winnipeg's commercial field, largest in Canada, covered by 15,000 miles of railways.
Winnipeg's bank clearings, 1918, $2,362,734,211; 1917, $2,622,024,702; third in Canada; $2,061,795,25'7 in 1916.
v Customs revenue, 1917-18, $11,062,430.
Winnipeg's assessment, 1918, $2©2,52i8;8'00i. Civic expendi- ture, 1916^17, $5,212,2.74. Taxes raised, $4,197,135.
Live stock receipts, 1917, 271,865 cattle, 350,247 hogs, 20,036 sheep.
WINDSOR. — (See under "Border Cities.")
WOODSTOCK, Ont.— Assessment, $5,365,191. City owns and operates waterworks and electric light and power plant, both utilities being well managed. Principal fac- tory of the Canada Furniture Manufacturers. Up-to-date schools and collegiate institute; Woodstock Baptist Col- lege. The cify is well drained and healthy. Eailway and shipping facilities unsurpassed. Population, 10,051. Dur- ing 1918 two new industries have been established, viz., "Hosiers Limited" for the manufacture of all kinds of hosiery; "Woodstock Worsted Spinning Co.,' Limited," for manufacture of all kinds of yarns, employing 125 hands.
COMPANIES INCORPORATED.
2,&56 companies incorporated during the war. Capitaliza- tion, $l,168,74'9,426i, indicating Canada's industrial ex- pansion.
The number of companies incorporated under the Companies Act during 1917-18 was 574, with a total capitalization of $335,982,400.
ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT.
[ See also chapter on "Water Powers." ]
Cheap electric power is the key to Canadian industrial de- velopment. She must take full advantage of this enormous resource to win a place in the field of international trade. — Sir Adam Beck.
Montreal leads the Canadian cities in the use of electricity industrially, from Shawinigan and Cedar Rapids powers.
Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission started in 1910 by selling 750 horse-power, and with contracts with 13 municipalities. Now, 200,000 horse-power to 225 munici- palities. .")50,000 additional h.p. is being developed.
Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission had, Oct. 31, 1917, completed and under construction 1,584 miles of transmission lines, viz., Niagara system, 983.5; St. Law- rence, 66.35; Severn, 117.69; WasdelFs, 65.85; Eugenia, 259.66; Muskoka, 26.32; Central Ontario, 64.94. Assets, $37,804,273.
Hydro-Electric power is developed at Kakabeka Falls; present development, 45,000 h.p.; still available for de- velopment, l'OO,0<X) li.p.
The Chippewa-Queenston power development plan will cost $.".0,000,000 and produce 300,000 h.p.
Winnipeg's water supply is being brought over 'a distance of 96 Vi> miles from Shoal Lake through a concrete acque- duct with capacity of 85,000,000 gallons per day. Is capable of supplying a population of 850,000. Cost, ex- clusive of land purchases and interest charges, over $13,000,000.
Winnipeg's municipal power plant, 75 miles away, is de- veloping 47,000 h.p., with capacity for additional 60.000 li p. Winnipeg Klectric Railway plant. 5S miles away, is developing I! •1,0(10 h.p.
It is feasible to develop 418,000 continuous twenty-four hour h.p. along the Winnipeg river and within 100 miles of Winnipeg.
The step-up transforming station at. Niagara Falls is the largest in the world.
EDUCATIONAL PACTS.
Canada has 21 universities.
School attendance, calendar year 1910, 1,124,800, or 52.51 per cent, of total.
Canadian educational increase, 1862-1917: Schools, from 10,000 to over 26,000; teachers, from 11,000 to over 39,000; pupils, from 664,000 to 1,327,000; spent on edu- cation, from $2,500,000 to approximately $56,000,000. .
First school opened in Canada at Quebec in 1632. Grammar Schools were founded in Upper Canada (now Ontario) in 1807, and common schools in 1816.
Persons who can read and write, of population of five years of age and over, 88.98 per cent, in 1911; 82.88 per cent. in 1901. Persons who can read only: One-half of one per cent, in 1911; 14.38 per cent, in 7901. Illiterates: 1050 per cent, in 1911; 14.38 per cent, in 1901.
Increase in population, five and over, 1901-11, 33.63 per cent. Number who can read and write increased by 43,48 per cent.; of those able to read only decreased by 74.64 per cent.
At census of 191, of 2,197,663 males of voting age, 90.57 per cent., or 1,990,341, could read in some language.
Carnegie Corporation has given over $3,000,000 for over 150 Canadian libraries.
FINANCIAL FACTS.
CANADA'S BORROWINGS.
Canadian borrowings since 1911 until war restrictions came into effect:
% of Canada 's % of Canada 's
Canada-'s total borrowing in Borrowing in
borrowing. United States. Great Britain.
1911 $266,812,988 6.5 76.56
1912 272,937,982 11.3 74.8
1913 373,795,275 13.5 74.2
1914 272,935,067 19.77 68.1
1915 341,892,871 72.11 14.1
1916 316,917,362 64.89 1.5
1917 7'5i6,346,033 24.06 .63
1918 763>,968,449 4.70 .43
24
CANADA'S REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.
Expenditure, Expenditure, Expenditure, Revenue. Consolidated Capital War
Fund. Account. Account.
1914-15 $133,073,481 $135,523,206 $41,447,320 $60,750,476 1915-16 172,147,838 130,350,726 38,566,950 166,197,755 1916-17 232,701,294 148,599,343 26,880,031 '306,488,814 1917-18 261,125,459 179,853,534 43,536,563 342,762,687
CANADA'S INVESTED BILLIONS.
Farm values (1911 census) .$4,231,000,000
Industrial Capital (191.5 census) 1,994,103,272
Railways, 1917 1,985,119,991
Fisheries Capital 30,000,000
Mines Plants Capital 108,000,000
Express Companies, Capital 4,500,000
Telegraphs, Capital 75,000,000
Telephone Capital 79,121,702
Pulp and Paper Industry 200,000,000
Lumber Industry 149,266,019
Canals, capital expenditure .' 107,000,000
Waterworks, value estimated 150,000,000
Estimated total $8,285,000,000
CANADA'S FIVE WAR LOANS.
Nov. 22, 1015. Sept. 12, 191*6.
Loan $50,000,000 $100,000,000
Subscribed 113,729,500 *195,371,000
Allotted 97/KM)>,000 tl03,07»,8CO
Subscribers 24,862 34,526
Average $4,574 $5,658
Subscriptions Per Capita $14 $24
Mar. 12, 1917. Nov. 12, 1917. Nov. 16, 1918.
Loan $150,000,000 $150i,000,000 $300,000,000
Subscribed *236,654,000 419,280,000 660,000,000
Allotted tl66,114,000 398,000,000
Subscribers 41,OOO 820,035 1,067,379
Average $5,772 $511 $645
Sub. Per Capita. . $29 $52 $86
"Including conversions. tNot including conversion*.
25
CANADA'S NATIONAL WEALTH.
(R. H. Coats, in Monetary Times.) Items. Present Value.
Agriculture — Improved lands $2,792,229,000
Buildings 927,548,000
t Implements 387,079,000
* Live stock 1,102,261,000
Fishirfg— Capital invested 47,143,125
Mines — Value of buildings and plant 140,000,000
Manufactures— Plant and working capital.. 2,000,000,000
Railways 2,000,000,000
Street Railways 160,000,000
Canals 123,000,000
Shipping 35,000,000
Telegraphs *> . . 10,000,000
Telephones 95,000,000
Real estate and buildings in 140 centres 3,500,000,000
Clothing, furniture and personal effects 800,000,000
Coin and Bullion 208,500,000
Imported Merchandise in store 250,000,000
Current production — Agriculture 1,621,028,000
Pishing 39,000,000
Forestry 175,000,000
Mining 190,000,000
Manufacturing 2,400,000,000
Total $19,002,788,125
FINANCIAL.
War taxes, 1917-18, $76,073,000. Canada largely financed herself in 1-917 and 1918. Canada's net debt on Oct. 31, 1918, $1,287,035,509. Canada's revenue, of nearly $300,000,000, has nearly doubled
during the war. Canada's interest bill will probably reach from $40,000,000
to $50,000,000 a year. Canada's per capita subscription to the Victory Loan, 1918,
$86; U.S. Liberty Loan, $6o.80.
Canada's pension bill has now reached $15,000,000 a year. Canada's provinces and municipalities need over $100,000,-
000 annually for public works. 26
CANADA'S REVENUE FROM CUSTOMS.
Fiscal year Fiscal year
1916-1917. 1917-1918.
Montreal $34,890,789 $36,459,792
Toronto 33,808,163 32,955,828
Winnipeg 9,511,451 11,062,430
Vancouver 6,318,474 7,566,178
Hamilton 5,970,359 6,691,982
Halifax 2,657,047 2,230,6-46
Windsor 5,653,945 7,216,984
Victoria 1,075,869 1,170,564
Calgary 1,338,016 2,189,207
Quebec 2,719,805 2,424,435
Fort William 973,223 1,670,737
Ottawa 2,323,224 2,071,454
St. John 3,242,097 3,323,857
Edmonton 816,012 1,086,787
London 1,670,259 1,628,858
"Population and financial resources considered, Canada's
Victory Loan achievement probably establishes a
record."— N. Y. Outlook. Canadian Royal Mint issued, Jan. 1, 1917, to Oct. 31, 1918,
48,494,825 moneys; value, $4,824,159.
FISHERIES FACTS.
Canada has the most extensive and best stocked commercial fishing waters in the world, including 5,000 miles of At- lantic and 7,000 miles of Pacific coast, and 220,000 square miles of fresh water.
Canada's territorial fishing grounds extend from the Bay of Fundy to Strait of Belle Isle, on the Atlantic coast, and from the Fraser Eiver to Prince Rupert on the Pacific, besides interior waters.
Fishery exports, 1917-18, $32,602,151; 1916-17, $24,99S,-253.
Canada's fishery production, 1917, $52,352,044 (sea fish- eries, $47,052,605; inland, $5,299,439); 1916-17, $35,860,- 708; 191S estimate, 60,000,000.
British Columbia comes first, 1917, with $21,558,595; Nova Scotia, $14,468,319; New Brunswick, $6,143,088; Quebec, $3,414,378; Ontario, $2,866,419; Prince Edward Island,
27
$1,786,310; Manitoba, $1,543,288; Saskatchewan, $320,- 238; Alberta, $184,009; Yukon, $67,400.
Salmon leads in value, $17,411,029; cod, $7,896,725; lob- sters, $5,654,265; herring, $3,733,688; halibut, $2,066,635; sardines, $1,910,705; mackerel, $1,333,354; whitefish, $1,248,006; smelts, $1,027,555.
Canada's fishery equipment is -worth $37,169,328, an increase in value of $8,440,466 in one year. Fishing fleet, 2,055 vessels, and 42,236 boats, manned by 71,646 men, in addi- tion to 22,808 employed on shore, and 744 men fishing without boats; a total of 95,198. The motor boat fieet consisted of 14,813 boats, an increase of 1,995.
Canada has 50 fish hatcheries, 11 subsidiary hatcheries, 6 salmon retaining ponds, and one lobster pound. During the year 1,499,482,660 fry were distributed. The Govern- ment spent $270,796.95 for fish culture.
Canada's fisheries rank among the greatest in the world. The annual value falls far short of the actual value.
Canada's fishery value, 1970-1918, over a billion.
Canada had a record whale catch in 1918, of over 1,000 in Pacific waters.
FORESTRY FACTS.
Forest exports, 1917-18, $51,899,704.
Canada's forest products value, 1916, $172,830,000,
Canada's timber lands are 95 per cent, publicly owned.
Canada is the chief forest resource of the British Empire.
Canada has 23,024,640 acres in Dominion forest reserves.
Canada's present supply of commercial timber estimated between 500 and 800 billion feet, b.m., covering area of approximately 250,000,000 acres. This refers only to tim- ber of commercial value.
Census of Canadian lumber industry, 1917, of 2,879 operat- ing concerns (52 Alberta, 251 B.C., 29 Manitoba, 255 N.B., 462 N.S., 603 Ontario, 60 P.E.I., 1,151 Quebec, 16 Saskatchewan).
Capital invested, $149,266,019; 54,336 employed; wagea, $34,412,411; aggregate value of production, $115,777,130, viz.: Lumber, $83,547,322; lath, $1,828,018; shingles, $8,431,215; pulpwood, $10,543,630; miscellaneous, $11,- 426,948.
Canada has sacrificed two-thirds of her original timber to
forest fires. C;mada had 891 forest fires in 1916; 1,455 in 1915; 1,986
in 1914.
PULP AND PAPER FACTS.
Canada is destined to become perhaps the leading country in the world in the manufacture of pulp and paper pro- ducts from wood, largely because of our extensive national resources of water-powers and suitable tree species.
Car-ada possesses the world's greatest spruce supply for pulpwood and paper.
Canada has 80 pulp, and, paper concerns; 31 pulp only, 26 paper only, 23 both. Ontario leads with 33; Quebec, 31; the West, 6; Maritimes, 10.
Capital of Canada's pulp and paper companies, $200,000,- 000. 25,000 employed. 3,000 served in the war. Annual payroll exceeds $15.000,000.
Exports, 1917-18, $71,825,500; increase of nearly $20,000,- 000 in year. Eapidly increasing; will probably reach $100,000,000 for 1918-19.
Canada is the second largest pulp and paper producing country in the world, and is rapidly overtaking the United States, which holds first place.
Proportion of pulpwood manufactured into pulp in Canada is steadily gaining over exported, in raw state. In 1916 62.3 per cent, for fhe former, and 37.7 per cent, for the latter.
Value of industry, 1917, $96,248,824; 36 products, chiefly pulp. Of this, newsprint value, $38,868,084. Capital in- vested, $186,374,905; 22,916 employees; wages and sal- aries, $20,344,286. Estimated production, 1918, $110,- 000,000 to $115,000,000.
Canada's forests embrace 350,000 square mile3 of pulpwood timber, estimated to yield 1,033,370,000 cords of pulp- wood.
Great Britain has placed a $40,000,000 order for Canadian timber.
Canada's building record, 1917, $35,019,318.
29
HOMESTEAD FACTS.
Homestead entries made: Fiscal year, 1914, 31,829; 1915, 24,088; 1916, 17,030; 1917, 11,199; 1918, 8,319.
If the average number of persons for each entry, 2.5, be approximately correct, then during the period of 1918, 19 per cent, of English, 16 per cent, of Scotch, 21 per cent, of Irish, 27 percent, of American, and 29 per cent, of Con- tinental immigrants made entry for homesteads in West- ern Canada.
IMMIGRATION FACTS.
From Other
Year.
Calendar year 1&97 1898
British. . 11,383* 11,173
18i99 10,660
Year end. Mar. 31, '01 120,182 " " 1902 17,259
" " 1903 41,792
" " 1904
" " 1905
" " 1906
9 mos. end. Mar. 31, '07 Fis. yr. end. Ma. 31, '08 120,182 " " 1909 52,901
" " 1910 59,790
" 1911 123,014 " " 1912 138,121
" 1913 150,542 " 1914 142,622 " 1915 43,276 " 1916 8,664
U.S.A. Countries. Total.
50,374 65,359 86,796 55,791
2,413 9,119 11,945 58,312 26,388 49,473 45,171 43,543 57,796 34,659 58,312 59,832 103,798 121,451 133,710 139,009 107,530 59,779 36,937
" 1917 8,282 61,389
" " 1918 3,178 71,314 4,582 79,074
During the above period 18 per cent. British, 27 per cent. American and 29 per cent, of immigrants from other countries made entry for homesteads in Western Canada, These figures do not account for the large number of farmers and farm laborers of the immigrant class who settled in all parts of the Dominion without homsteading.
30
7,921
11,608
21,938
83,975
23,732
37,099
34,786
37,364
44,472
34,217
83,975
34,175
45,206
66,620
82,406 354,237 112,881 402,432 384,878 144,789 48,537 75,374
21,716
31,900
44,543
262,469
67,379
128,364
130,331
146,266
189,084
124,667
262,469
145,908
208,794
311,084
134,726
41,734
2,936
5,703
4,582
Of total immigration, July 1, 1900, to March 31, 1918, of 3,253,796, 1,179,752 were British (viz., English 847,490, Welsh 13,640, Scotch 244,528, Irish 74,094); United States, 1,228,078; Continental, S45,9€<6.
Destination by provinces of above total of 3,253,796: Mari- time Provinces, 154,052; Quebec, 513,941; Ontario, 860,164; Manitoba, 466,735; Saskatchewan and Alberta, 886,072; British Columbia and Yukon, 359,621; not shown, 13,211.
Canada has 130>,000 Jews.
Japanese immigration to Canada, 11 years, 1908-1918, 13,673.
Canada's total immigration represents 53 nationalities.
United States immigration into Canada continued during the war, viz., 254.938 from March 31, 1914, to Oct. 30, 1918.
Chinese immigration to Canada, 13 years, 1905-06 to 1917-18, based on head tax, 29,667; exempt admissions, 4,401 — total of 34,068. Collections for head tax and other rev- enue, $14,916,654.
Canada has 53 nationalities, 79 religions, and 85 languages and dialects.
Immigration expenditure, 1897-1918 (approx.), $1,187,182. provincial war tax). Taxes raised, 1918, $18,341,142.
Canada had, 1916-17, 37 life-saving stations.
INDIAN FACTS.
Population, 1917, 105,998; increase of 437 in year.
70,688 acres of land under crop. Decreased production, but
increased value by $105,300. Grain and roots, 1,799,460
bushels; hay, 141,229 tons. Value per capita of real and personal property, $624.45.
Total income, $7,200,486, viz., crops, $2,351,308; beef
sold, $345,792; fishing, $721,988; hunting and trapping,
$908,216; other industries and occupations, $677,163.
Annuities and interest, $436,189, and balance in wages. 341 schools, viz., 265 day, 59 boarding, 17 industrial. Total
enrolment, 12,178. 2,000 Indians have enlisted out of 15,000 of military age.
Cash donations to war funds, $19,224. 1918 field crops: 1,350,324 bushels of grain harvested from
82,421 acres — increase of 76,665 bushels in year. Increase
in income of more than half a million.
31
INSURANCE FACTS.
1917 was Canada's record insurance year.
FIRE. — 96 companies (24 Canadian, 30 British, 42 foreign). Policies, new and renewed, taken in 1917, $4,049,059,999, viz.: Canadian Co.'s, $819,328,851; British, $1,914,891,- 756; foreign, $1,314,839,392. Net premiums, $31,246,530. Net losses paid, $16,379,102. Net amount at risk, Dec. 31, 1917, $3,986,197,514. Net premiums received, 1869- 1917, $481,986,090; losses paid, $288,621,047.
LIFE. — 5'7 companies (2,6 Canadian, 15 British and Co- lonial, 16 foreign). Policies taken in 1917, $282,120,430, viz.: Canadian, $172,703,621; British, $5,109,183; for- eign, $104,307,626. Net premiums, $54,843,609. Net claims paid, including matured endowments, $21,442,902. Net amount in force, Dee. 31, 1917, $1,585,042,563.
Estimated new life insurance business, 191<tt $320,000,0€0', increase of $37,000,000 in year.
MISCELLANEOUS. — Fraternal benefit insurance in force Dec. 31, 1917, $109,691,288. Casualty insurance: Premi- ums, $12,874,919; losses paid, $5,743,222. Accident insur- ance: Policies in force, $315,817,296. Automobile Insur- ance, $135,173,425. Guarantee insurance, $199,742,031.
War claims incurred by insurance companies in Canada, 1914-15-16-17, $13,560,490; and claims incurred under policies held by British and foreign p" licyholders, $818,- 709, or $14,379,199 in all.
FIRE FACTS.
Estimated losses by fire, 1918, $35,000',000.
Canada's estimated fire loss since 1867 (excluding forest fire loss), $700,000,000, viz.: $350,000,000 of direct fire losses, $150,000,000 fire protection service, and $197,000,000, in- surance premiums paid but not returned to policyholdera in compensation for losses.
10 per cent, of fires due to carelessness. Nearly 200 burned to death and 500 seriously injured by fires every year.
Canada's annual fire waste, 1912-15, of $2.73 per capita, larger than any other country; $2.26 in U.S.; 64 cents in England; 74 cents in France; 28 cents in Germany. Fur- ther great increase, 10 months of 1918', 45 per cent, greater than same period in 1917.
IRRIGATION FACTS.
Some 350 domestic, municipal and other water supply pro- jects have been constructed, or are now under construc- tion, with 400 industrial projects, chiefly railway water supplies. In all, there are over 1,200 irrigation and water supply projects, either completed and licensed or under construction in Canada.
C.P.B. irrigation system in Alberta is the largest individual project of the kind on the continent, containing 3,000',000 acres served by two systems, viz.: West part, 2,484 canal mileage; cost, $4,350,000; east part, 2,500 canal mileage; cost, $9,500,000. Total irrigable acreage, 623,000.
LABOR FACTS.
Organized labor in Canada had at end of 1917, 204,630 mem- bers, or 44,223 over 1916, when it was 160,401; 1915, 143,343; 1914, 166,163; 1913, 175,799; 1912, 160,120; 1911, 133,132. 25 per cent, of Canadian workingmen organized.
Canada had at end of 1917, 1,974 local union branches of all classes, 1,702 having international affiliation, with 16-1,896 members; 244 non-international, with 32,343 mem- bers; and 28 independent units, with 7,391 members.
Toronto's reported trades union membership, 15,546; Mont- real, 15,914; Winnipeg, 7,073; Vancouver, 9,604; Ottawa, 3,906.
LIVE STOCK FACTS.
Canada's farm live stock shows large increase in year, viz: —
1918. 1918.
Horses 3,412,749 3,608,315
Milch cows 3,202,283 3,542,429
ther cows 4,718,657 6,507,2<67
otal cattle .• 7,920,940 10,049,696
Sheep 2,369,358 3,037,480
Swine 3,619,383 4,289,682
17,322,429 22,985,173
Canada's poultry totals 34,146,690.
33
" Canada should^ in 5 years, be exporting $500,000,000 worth of animals and animal products." — Dominion Live Stock Commission.
The opening for the increased live stock business of Canada is enormous. Depletion of live stock in Europe since 1914: Cattle, 28,080,000; sheep, 54,500,000; swine, 32,425,000; total, 115,005,000. — H. B. Thompson, Food Controller.
Canada's live stock exports increased 470 per cent, in 4 years, 1013-1917^18.
Canada's live stock value increased nearly four times in 17 years, or from $268,000,000 in 1901 to 1,2315,000',000 in 1918. Highest live stock price levels were reached in 11918.
Exports of beef, $13,016,078 of dressed and cured meats, $79,899,705— increase of 78 per cent, over 1917.
Canada's bacon exports: 1916, 144,918,867 Ibs.; 1917. 207,- 213',2i6/7 Ibs.; 1918, 199,9.57,475, Ibs.
Canada imported, 1917-18, live stock, $2,764,371; seeds, $1,887,697; vegetables, $4,621,555; butter, $139,269; eggs, $1,504,234.
Canada exported (domestic animal and agricultural pro- ducts, $749,456,665.
Canada exported, 1"917-18, cattle (101,356) valued at $14,13>a,944; horses (16,4108), $13,450>,245; sheep (32,705), $l,706,0-li6; bacon and ham, $60,135,650; butter, $2,000,- 467; cheese $36,602,504; apples (103,636: bbls.), $40*8,029; grain, $415,013,268; flour, $95,925,002; eggs, $2,279,299.
MANUFACTURING FACTS.
INDUSTRIAL CENSUS, 19O5-1915.
1905. 1915. Inc. %
No. of establishments 15,796 21,306 34
Capitalization $846,585,023 1,994,103,272 135
Production $718,352,803 1,407,138,140 95
Employees 392,530 514,883 30
Wages paid $134,375,925 $229,456,210 75
Canada had, in 1018, 262,291 automobile registrations.
2,100 in 1907.
Canada 'has 11 automobile industries; 24 of accessories; 497 repair work. Capital, $35,784,677. Value of reduc- tion and repair works, $66,053,207.
34
CHIEF MANUFACTURING CENTRES.
1900.
Montreal $71,099,750
Toronto 60,366,837
Hamilton 17,122,346
Winnipeg 8,616,248
Vancouver 4,990,152
Ottawa 7,638,688
Quebec 12,779,546
London 8,122,185
Kitchener 3,307,613
Halifax 6,927,552
Value of Products.
1910. 1915.
$166,296,972 $243,237,575 154,306,948 210,143,728 55,125,946 32,699,359 15,070,105 19,877,233 17,149,385
16,273,999
9,266,188
12,140,409
66,063,339 47,686,070 33,871,044 18,947,325 18,933,227 18,885,212 16,408,401 15,119,527
Provinces.
Canada
Alberta
British Columbia. .
Manitoba
New Brunswick . .
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edw. Island
Quebec 7,158
Saskatchewan . 457
21,306 584 1,007 840 714 968 9,287 291
INDUSTRIAL CENSUS BY PROVINCES.
1915.
Establish- Value of
Capital. Products.
1,994,103,272 1,407,137,140 42,239,693 30,592,833 158,636,983 73,624,431 95,845,845 61,594,184 46,290,014 37,832,034 126,539,183 70,860,756 9361,883,423 727,923,274 1,906,564 2,646,469
548,972,575 387,900,585 16,788,992 14,162,574 Canada will assuredly occupy a leading position in the indus- trial development which will take place at the close of the war.
Manufacturing exports showed increased value of 644 per cent, in 1917-18 over 1914-15, and agricultural exports, 321 per cent.
Canada's manufactured food products value doubled in 3 years, viz., from $388,815,362 in 1915 to $755,245,185 in 1917, including butter and cheese, $75,397,751; bread, l.'.scuits, etc., $77,113,656; flour and grist mill products, $226,062, 410; meat packing and slaughtering, $153,- 563,318.
35
MARINE AND CANAL FACTS.
Canadian ships encircle the world.
Canada ranks 13th among maritime nations. Tonnage valued at $3Q,OQO:,000'; 45,280 men and boys employed in 1917.
Canada had, March 31, 1916, 8,559 vessels (4,264 steam, 4,29*5 sailing). Tonnage, 1,327,853 gross tons.
Tonnage of new vessels built and registered in Canada for the calendar years up to 1916, inclusive: 1875, 151,012; 1880, 65,441; 1890, 52,378; 1900, 22,326; 1910, 22,283; 1915, 18,832; 1916, 244 vessels, tonnage 28,303.
Canada had 230 marine casualties in 1917; 152 lives lost; damage, $4,8oO,14'5 to ships and $4,310,350 to cargo; 12 ships sunk by submarines.
Deep-sea vessels can travel right into the heart of Canada. From the point where the Gulf of St. Lawrence joins with the open sea, to Port Arthur, at head of Lake Superior, stretches a huge navigation system of gulf, river, canal and lake, of over two thousand miles.
Boats drawing 30 feet of water can cover the first 1,000 miles to Montreal, while those drawing 14 feet and not exceeding 255 feet in length can go for another 1,200 miles, to the very centre of il\e North American continent.
There are 8 canals, with 48 locks, between Montreal and Lake Superior.
Canada's 100 miles of canals cost a hundred million.
The combined annual traffic through the four canals at Sault Ste. Marie (1 Canadian, 3 American) represents a tonnage of over 90,000,000 — 5 times more than Suez Canal traffic in pre-war days. An average of 100 boats a day pass through the Soo canals during the season. Tonnage for 1918, 85,000',COO, decrease over 1917.
"The establishment of an ocean merchant marine is the most important domestic question before Canada to-day, for the continued prosperity of the Dominion will depend very largely upon our ability to ship our products to the markets of the world. This we cannot do unless we have the ships, and it would seem that the only way we can be assured of them is to build them ourselves." — J. W. Nor- cross, of Canada Steamships Co.
36
MILLING FACTS.
1918 was Canada's record milling year.
Daily capacity of flour and other mills, head of Lake Super- ior to Rockies, 59,393 barrels.
Canadian flour production, 1918, 18,000,000 barrels (10,000,- 000 exported).
Canada has 575 flour mills. Capacity, 115,000 bbls. a day, as against 85,000 bbls. 10 years ago.
Canadian Government trial shipment of 100,000 bushels of Alberta wheat to Liverpool from Vancouver via Panama Canal, was a decided success, with more following.
Flour exports, 1916-17, $17,473,474; 1917-18, $95,886,544; estimate for 1918-19, $120,000,000. Total exported during war, $250,000,000.
MINING FACTS.
CANADA'S MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1916 AND 1917. 1916. 1917.
TOTAL : $177,201,534 $189,646,821
Of above, metallic 106,319^365 106,455,147
Non-metallic, etc 70,882,169 83,191,674
Gold 19,234,976 15,272,992
Silver 16,7117,121 18,091,895
Copper 31,867,160 29,687,989
Nickel 29,035,498 35,732,112
Lead 3,532^692 3y628,020
Zinc 2,991,623 2,640',817
Coal 38,817,481 43,199,831
Natural gas 3,958,029 5,045,298
Asbestos 5,199,797 7,183,099
Portland cement 6,547,728 7,724,246
Mining exports, 1917-18, $73,760,502. Canada produces all minerals except tin. Estimated mining production, 1918, $220,000,OiOO. Canada's gold production, 1918 (est.), $14,750,000; silver,
$20,000,000. Iron ore shipments from Canadian mines, 1917, 215,242 short
tons; 1916, 275,176.
Canada will soon be able to refine her nickel, cobalt, cop- per and silver oree.
37
MINERAL PRODUCTION BY PROVINCES.
1916. 1917.
Value of %of Value of % of
Production. Total. Production. Total.
Nova Scotia $20,042,262 11.31 $25,333,643 13.13
New Brunswick... 1,118,187 0.63 1,372,620 0.71
Quebec 14,406,598 8.13 17,115,161 8.87
Ontario 80,461,323 45.41 88,821,815 46.02
Manitoba 1,823,576 1.03 2,539,393 1.32
Saskatchewan .... 590,473 0.33 832,335 0.43
Alberta 13,297,543 7.50 16,426,154 8.51
British Columbia . 39,969,962 22.56 36,161,528 18.74
Yukon 5,491,610 3.10 4,380,188 2.27
COAL PRODUCTION IN CANADA.
1017. 1918.
Nova Scotia (short tons) 6,3-27,091 5,990,000
New Brunswick 189,095 26-5,000
Saskatchewan 335,445 325,000
Alberta 4,736,368 6,000,000
British Columbia 2,433,888 2yGOO,000
Yukon 4,872
14,046,759 15,180,000
Canada produces 85 per cent, of the world's supply of
nickel. Pig iron production, in blast furnaces, 1917, 1,171,789 short
tons; 1916, 1,169,257. Steel ingot and castings production, 1917, 1,736,514 short
tons; 1916, 1,428,249. Canada's mining production, 1917, highest on record.
Doubled in 10 years. Increase of 1917 over 1916, 8.9 per
cent.; over 1915, 40.8 per cent.
NATURALIZATION FACTS.
Canada naturalized 15,758 aliens in 1915; 233,400 had previously been granted citizenship.
Among those naturalized in 1915 were 1,810 Austrians, 326 Germans, 183 Galicians, 119 Hungarians, 58 Bulgarians, 79 Turks, 105 Chinese, 1,598 Italians, 561 Japanese, 2,418 Eussians and 5,301 persons from the United States. Since then the Government had placed restrictions upon the naturalization of aliens of enemy nationality. 38
POPULATION FAOT8.
|
Alberta |
1911. . . 374,663 |
1901. 73,022 |
Increase. 301,641 |
sq.m. 1.47 |
|
British Columbia, Manitoba New Brunswick . Nova Scotia |
.. 392,480 . . 455,614 . . 351,889 . . 492,338 2 523 274 |
178,657 255,211 331,120 459,574 2 182 947 |
213,823 200,403 20,769 32,764 340,261 |
1.09 6.18 12.61 22.98 9.67 |
|
P. E. Island |
93,728 |
103,259 |
•9,531 |
42.91 |
|
Quebec Saskatchewan . . . Yukon |
. . 2,003,232 . . 492,432 8,512 |
1,548,898 91,279 27,219 |
353,814 401,153 *18,707 |
5.69 1.95 |
|
N. W. Territory. |
18,481 |
20,129 |
*3,178 |
Totals 7,20(6,643 5,371,315 l,835,32&(34.13p.c.)
Canadians in United States (1910), 2,754,615.
Three-fourths of Canada's population is British-born.
Population of British origin (1911), 3,896,985; French, 2,054,890.
Canada's estimated population for 1917, 8,361,000 (per Do- minion Bureau of Statistics).
Of total population of 7,206,643 in 1911, 3,821,995 are male, and 3,384,648 female.
Canada's population to sq. mile, over 2; Great Britain, 471; France, 190; United States, 33-.
POST-OFFICE FAOT8.
For year ending March 1, 1917. Canada has 12,772 post-offices; only 3,688 in 1867. Increase
of 1917 in 10 years— 1907-17. 229 new post-offices were opened and 514 closed, 1916-17,
owing to rural delivery extension. Postage stamps and cards sold, $23,174,601, an increase of
$1,719,425 over the previous twelve months. Sums sent by
money orders and postal notes, $131,639,395. Canada had 165,043 boxholders on its 3y5i86 rural free mail
delivery routes (up to June, 1917). Parcel post service inaugurated Feb. 10, 1914. Post-office savings banks: Number of offices, March 31,
1917, 1,312; of deposits, 205,050; deposits in year, $11,-
974,431; to credit of depositors, $42,582,478. 39
Canada's Nine Provinces.
(Arranged Alphabetically)
ALBERTA.
AGRICULTURE.— Estimated grain yield, 1918, 103,297,550 bushels, from 7,727,792 acres. Alberta holds the world record for wheat yield in 191'6 of 52 bushels per acre, on 1,000-acre farm. 90,000,000 acres of land available. Less than 10 per cent, under cultivation.
Agricultural products value, 1918, $214,170,000; coal, $18,- 750>,000i. Total, $232,920,,000i.
AREA. — 750 miles long, 400 miles at widest part; 253,540 square miles (7 per cent, of Canada's area). Twice as large as British Isles.
DAIRYING.— Products value, 1918, $27,500,000; 57 cream- eries and 16 cheese factories.
ELEVATORS. — 541 elevators and 38 grain warehouses in 1916. Capacity of all elevators, 27,587,000* bushels.
FINANCIAL.— Assets, Dec. 31, 1917, $13>1,113,733'. Net debt Dec. 31, 1917, $30,045,172j most of it in remuner- ative investments. $33,234,180 are revenue producing.
LIVE STOCK.— 3,417,141, including horses, 791,246; dairy
cows, 328,702; other cattle, 730,949; swine, 601,534; sheep, 332,17'9. Live stock revenue, $187,376,18:8. Animals slaughtered and sold, $50,000,000.
MANUFACTURING (1915).— 584 plants. Capital, $42,,- 239,693; value of products, $30,692,833.
MINING.— Coal and coke production, 1917, 4,988,862 tons, worth $16,254,826. For 9 months of 1918, 4,594,200 tons. Rieh natural gas deposits. Alberta has taken coal production leadership from Nova Scotia in 1918.
MUNICIPALITIES.—^ cities, 48 towns, 104 villages, 87 rural municipalities, 5,471 miles rural mail delivery.
POPULATION.— 374,663 in 1911; 540)000 in 191*.
RAILWAYS. — Mileage, 4,444 (increase of 3,500 miles since province was formed in 1905').
TELEPHONES. — Alberta Owns and operates its own tele- phone system!, with 50,000 mire miles of toll and rural lines, connecting '612 towns, villages and communities, and 11,000 farmers' homes; 125 exchanges are connected with the system, serving SOyOOO local subscribers. The system has accumulated a substanial surplus. 40
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
AGRICULTURE. — British Columbia estimated agricul- tural production, 1917, above $37,661,850; 1918, $42,- 000,000.
AREA. — 3i95,000 sq. miles; 10 per cent, of Canadian area; Tthree times size of United Kingdom, and larger than California, Oregon and Washington, combined, or of Italy, Switzerland and France; 7,000 miles of coast; 200,000 sq, miles of mountains (Switzerland, 16,000).
DAIRYING. — Production, 1917, $4,879,993.; 27 creameries.
EMPLOYMENT. — B. C. industries give employment to 88,000 men and women.
FISHERIES. — B.C. led Canada in fishery production in 1917, viz., $21,558,595.
FRUIT production increased 150 per cent, in 4 years. Estimate of crop for 1917: Apples, 52,312 tons; pears, 923 tons; plums and prunes, 2,225 tons; peaches, 866 tons; apricots, 230 tons; cherries, 33i(? tons; strawberries, 860 tons; raspberries, 615 tons; other bush fruits, 192. Total, 1917, 42,213. Fruit production increase, 60 per cent, since 1915.
HISTORY. — Vancouver Island made a British Colony in 1849. British Columbia formed by Imperial edict, in 1858; the two colonies united in 1866 as British Colum- bia, which became a province of the Dominion in 1871.
IMPORTS.— B. C. imported, in 3 years, 1915-16- 17, $8,013,- 608 worth of live stock; $10,691,973 of dairy products; $10,011,031 of meats.
LAND. — B. C. area of cultivable land, about 30,000,000 " acres, and of timber Crown lands, 250,000,000' acres.
LIVE STOCK. — 1917: Horses, 55,280; beef cattle, 153,524; sheep, 43,858; swine, 37,688; dairy cattle, 86,819.
MANUFACTURING (Centus 1916).— 1,007 establishments; capital, $15'8,e36,983; value of products, $73,624,431.
MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, 300 members.
MINING. — Annual production, 1917, $45,000,000i. showing steady rise. $17,784,494 of this was copper; $5,170,000 gold; $7,294,323 coal; $2,059,739 silver; $3,007,462 lead; $4,043,985 zinc. Estimated production for 1918, $37,000- 000.
41
Total mining production for all years, nearly $600,000,000. vessels are being built in B. C. Tonnage produced,
PRODUCTION. — Farming, lumbering, mining, fisheries, manufactures products value nearly $200,000,000.
RAILWAYS.— Mileage, 3,885; land grants, 8,119,221 acres.
SHIPBUILDING. — $20,000,000i worth of steel and wooden vessels are being built in B. C.
TIMBER. — 2 billion feet cut annually; 800- logging camps; British Columbia lumber cut, 1917, estimated at 1,636,- 000,000 board feet. Value, 48,OOOyOOO; $55,000,000 in 1018.
Estimated stand of saw timber and pulpwood material survey of Commission of Conservation), 366 billion board feet.
It .is planned to have fire rangers use hydroplanes for B. C. forest protection.
B. C. annual forest revenue of $2,500,000 from Crown tim- ber lands alone, is largest of any province. The value of manufactures of forest products now exceeds total out- put of B. C. mines.
MANITOBA.
AREA. — 251,83% square miles; approximate land area, 14 7,15 2,880 acres. Area of occupied land in 1911, of 12,367,355 acres (increase of 69 per cent, in last decade), represents 8.33 per cent, of present land area. 50,000 farmers.
ASSESSMENT.— $554,210,369. Debenture debt of munici- palities, $5'7,420>,912,
DAIRYING. — Manitoba has 61 creameries and cheese fac- tories. Dairy products value, over 5 millions.
EDUCATION. — Manitoba has over 106,000' enrolled in its public schools; teachers, 2,700.
FINANCIAL. — Manitoba's estimated cash surplus in 1918, k $120,193'; estimated revenue, $7,650',347; expenditure, $7,535i,155; estimated increase in expenditure over 1917 of $53i8,000. Revenue in 1918 will be increased over 1917 by $1,307,017. Estimated revenue from tax from all rate- able property is $750,000; from amusements tax, $255,- 000, and from uno&cupied land tax, $60',000.
42
FISHERIES.— Production, 1917, $1,543,288.
HISTORY. — Manitoba first settled in 1812 by 126 Scotch settlers, under Lord Selkirk, on grant of 116,000 square miles. Made a province in 1873. Famous as the home of world's standard wheat. Is oldest established of "West- ern provinces and is marked-centre for entire "West.
LAND PRICES. — Good land can still be bought in Mani- toba at from $12 1o $20 per acre, according to location and distance from railway. Cultivated land, from $27 to $30.
LIVE STOCK.— 1917, 419,006 horses, 669.,OS2 cattle, 146,- 7?G> sheep, 375,597 pigs.
MANUFACTURES. — Value of Manitoba's manufactures,
1900, $12.,927,439; 1916, $61,594,184, from 840 plants. MONEY FOR FARMERS.— The Manitoba Farm Loans
Association (government) loans money on farms on first mortgage, 30-year amortization plan, at 6 per cent. The Rural Credits Act provides for the organization of local rural credit societies under government supervision secure short term loans for members at 7 per cent. POPULATION.— 1840, 4,705; 1870, 12,228; 1891, 152,506;
1901, 255,211; 1909, 466,268; 1911, 4551,614; 1916, 553,860. Rural population fell from 72 per cent, in 1901, to 5S per
cent, in 1911. Eace origins: Manitoba, 57 per cent, of British origina; Saskatchewan, 54 per cent.; Alberta, 60 per cent.
TELEPHONES. — Government bought out telephones in 1908; now over 50i,000 business places and homes are con- nected with the Government system, which extends to every part of the province.
MARITIME PROVINCES.
(See Provinces separately.)
The three Maritime Provinces have the same geographical relationship to the American Continent that the British Isles have to Europe, with an area nearly as great, and almost as large as New England States.
The Maritime Provinces have great mineral resources, exten- sive forests, large areas of fertile lands and valuable fisheries.
Maritime Provinces area, 51,163 square miles. 43
Maritime Provinces have an advantageous geographical situation in relation to water routes to the leading mar- kets of the world.
Field crops, 1918 (Dominion consus estimate), 20,460,800 bushels, viz.: Wheat, • 1,626,400 ; oats, 20,465,300; barley, 701,000; rye, 17,400; peas, 117,300; beans, 291,800; buck- wheat, 2,343,300; mixed grains, 898,300.
Live Stock, viz.: Horses, 169,251; cattle, 804,519: sheep, 472,908; swine, 208,866; total, 1,655,534; and 2,136,061 poultry.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
COAL. — Estimated eoal resources, 151 million metric tons.
CROWN LANDS. — Eevenue from Crown lands, over $500,0I00 yearly. Crown lands area, over 12,000 square miles, or one-third of total area.
DAIRYING.— N. B. has, 1917, 25 cheese factories, 613 patrons. Value of production, $210,695.49; also 20 creameries.
FIELD CROPS.— 1918 (Dominion Census estimate), 11,189,- 700 bushels, viz.: Wheat, 1,050,000; oats, 7,855,500; bar- ley, 178,200; rye, 7,200; peas, 71,300-; beans, 126,300; buckwheat, 1,793,900; mixed grains, 107,300.
FISHERIES. — New Brunswick fishing grounds are among the richest in the world, employing over 22,000; annual value of production, 1917, $6,143,0®8.
INDUSTRIAL.— 1910, 1,158 industrial establishments. Capital, $3'6',12!5,012; employees, 24,755; wages, $8,314,- 212; value of products, $35,422,302 — increase of 68 per cent, in 10' years. 1915' Census, 714 establishments; capi- tal, $4'6,2,9€i,01'6; value of products, $37,832,034.
LIVE STOCK. — 407,992 head, viz., 65,169 horses, 189,677 •cowa, 103i,877; sheep, 69,269' swine.
LUMBERING. — Lumber production, 1915:, in 240 active mills, showed great increase, totalling $9,902,204 from 633,518,000 b. m.; $2,343,524 additional for lath, shingles and-pulpwood. The interior of N. B. is one vast forest.
POPULATION.— 341,880; rural, 252,342; urban, 99,547.
RAILWAYS.— Nearly 2,000 miles.
WATER POWERS. — N. B. is rich in water powers. De- veloped to date, 15^000 h.p. out of estimated 300,000'.
44
NOVA SCOTIA.
NOVA SCOTIA— Canada's Eastern gateway; one of the richest and oldest of its provinces.
ABBA.— 21,428 square miles— 21,068 land, 3.60 water.
DAIRYING.— Productive value, 1017, $8,860,000,000.
EDUCATIONAL. — Nova Scotia supports 5 universities and a larger proportion of other educational institution than any other province.
FIELD CROPS. — 1918 (Dominion Census estimate, 7,671,- 900 bushels, viz.: Wheat, 777,500; oats, 5,435,800; bar- ley, 335,600'; rye, 10V200; peas, 38y600; beans, 165,500; buckwheat, 411,000; mixed grains, 1-94,700.
FORESTS.— 1917 production value, $4,500,000.
FISHERIES.— Annual exports, $20,000,000; 30,000 em- ployed. Production value, 1917, $14,468,319.
FRUIT. — One of the great fruit provinces. Leads in apples.
LIVE STOCK.— 191&, 70^101 horses, 157,829 milch cows, 240,322 other cattle, 269,847 sheep, 68,,23S swine, 871,064 poultry.
Nova Scotia's annual wealth, 1917, $149,509,203.
LUMBER.— 1917 production value, $4,500,000.
MANUFACTURING.— (1915 Census), 968 establishments; capital, $126,539,173'; value of products, $70,860,7'56.
MINING.— Mineral production, 1917: Coal, 5,803,660 long tons; pig iron, 437,364 short tons; steel ingots, 515,538 short tons; limestone, 411,575 short tons; coke, 645,327 short tons; gypsum, 298,10$ short tons; building stone, 24,711 short tons; drain pipe, tile, 969,933 feet; gold, 2,296 ounces; bricks, 13,598,07i5; other minerals, about 100,000 tons. Coal production,, 1918, nearly half a million tons less than in 1917.
NATURAL WEALTH. — Nova Scotia is rich in natural resources. Its vast coal mines, its iron, gypum, clay deposits, its immense fisheries and forests, orchards and farms, provide the wealth. Estimated yield, 1917, $149,- 509,203. Increase in year, $15,272,291. Agricultural products, 1917, $36,117,203.
POPULATION.— 492,333; rural, 306,210; urban, 186,123.
RAILWAYS.— 19 H6>, 1,436 miles.
TOURIST.— Nova Scotia is an ideal tourist land, with myriad scenic attractions.
WATER-POWERS.— Estimated, 100,000 h.p. 45
ONTARIO.
In population, industry, education, agriculture, mining and other phases of development, Ontario is pre-eminent.
AGRICULTURE.— Ontario's agricultural production on average of several year's returns, approximate $365,- 000,000, or at rate of $1,000,000 a day, siz.: Fields crops, $21 0,000,000 (or 3<9 per cent, of all Canada's); dairy products, $40,000,000; fruit, $36,100,000; tobacco, $2,000,- 000; live stock, $93,000,000.
Field crops, 1918 (Dominion Census estimate),
bushels, viz.: Wheat, 6i98i,000; oats, 7,171,000; barley. 187,200; peas, 7,400; buckwheat, 13'8,400<; mixed grains 5%,300.
Ontario has 71 Boards of Agriculture. Also nearly 400 Farmers' Clubs,, with over 12,000 members.
United Farmers of Ontario has 25,000 members in 615 branches. Co-operative Co. has1 3i,500' shareholders. $ly"00,000 of business in 1918.
AREA. — Ontario's area: 407,262 square miles, or 260,000,- 000 acres. Disposed of over 26,000,000 acres. Let in Crown, about 100,000,000 acres. Only 13,500,000 acres under cultivation. Ontario is three times as large as United Kingdom, and larger than France or Germany.
BANKING. — Ontario has 1,135 of the 3,094 branch banks in Canada, and head offices of 9 of the chartered banks.
ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT.— Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission operates one of the longest transmission lines in the world.
FARMS. — Value, including lands, buildings, implements and live stock, estimated at $1,480,000,000.
FARM VALUES.— Increased from $970,927,035, in 1890, to over $1,700',000',000 in 1915, viz.: Land, $704,393,- 564; buildings, $352,628,031; implements, $95,049,350; live stock on hand, $254,9S2,33I2. Yield of annual gross return of 23 per cent, on this value.
Farm property values, 1917, $1,572,069,071, viz.: Land, $807,926,986; buildings, $370,384,0i55; implements, $104,- 581,053; live stock on hand, $2i89,676,977. Highest on record. Chattel mortgages steadily decreasing.
FINANCIAL STRENGTH.— Assets, 1917, $552,741,156;
In
direct liabilities, $61,795, 108; indirect, $19,064,317; annual revenue, $18,269,597. Assessed taxable property by municipalities, over $2,000,000,000'.
FEUIT. — 75 per cent, of all Canada's fruit is grown in Ontario. Value, $2.6,100,0000.
FISHERIES.— Ontario's annual value, 1917, $2,866,419.
LAND. — Ontario includes 230.000,000 acres; only 13,500,- 000 under cultivation.
LIBRARIES. — Ontario has nearly 400 libraries, leading all the provinces. -
LIVE STOCK (per Bureau of Industries). — On hand, July 1, 1917: Horses, 765,873; milch cows, 1,069,338; other cattle, 1,755,271; s-heep, 956,986; swine, 1,664,639; poul- try, 151,605,292. Total value, $2<S9,67'6i,977— highest on record. Value of live stock sold or killed, 1917, $114,- 740,881.
MANUFACTURING.— (1915 Census), 9,257 establish- ments; capital, $956,883,423; value of products, $727,- Dj:;j274— one-half of all Canada.
MINING. — Ontario's mineral resources cover practically the entire list of metallics and non-metallics, excepting coal and tin. Only 10 per cent, of mineral area has been prospected. 1917 was a record year in production, viz., $72,093,832; 1916, $65,303,822.
CHIEF METALLIC PRODUCTS.
Mineral. Value 1916. Value 1917.
Gold $10,339,259 $8,698,735
Silver 12,703,591 16,183,208
Nickel in matte 20,649,279 20,943,500
Copper, in matte 8,332,153 7,842,890
' Tig Iron 1,646,010 1,016,699
CHIEF NON-METALLIC PRODUCTS.
Product. Value 1916. Value 1917.
Brick $828,501 $1,275,597
Portland Cement 2,242,433 2,934,271
Natural Gas 2,404,499 3,220,123
Salt 700,515 1,047,707
Ontario's mineral production in 5-year periods: 1890, $4,705,673; 1895, $5,170,138; 1900, $8,789,901; 1905, $11,- 572,647; 1910, $32,981,375; 1915, $54,245^679. Ontario had, in 1917, 175 operating mines.
47
Ontario produced 46 per <^ent. of Canada's total mineral production in 1917.
Ontario has the world's richest nickel deposits, at Sudbury, yielding 85 per cent, of the world's supply. Ore reserves estimated at 140'yOOO/OOO tons of proven ore. Nickel pro- duction has almost doubled since 1914.
Ontario produced 15 mining substances in 1891; 32 now.
Cobalt silver production, since 19O4, $167,611,708.
Ontario's total metals production, over $400,000,000.
Cobalt is the richest silver camp in America.
Ontario's total dividend distributions by silverand gold companies made;, up to end of 1917, $82,663,283. For 1917 alone, $7,586,488.
Ontario's metalliferous production for first six months of 1918, $40,050,914.
Ontario's total productions up to end of 1917: Silver, $167,611,708; nickel, $110,170,120; pig iron, $77,561,181; gold, $42,3'62,3S3; copper, $41,414,290; cobalt, $4,303,769.
Cobalt total silver production, since discovery in 1903, $151,9!50>,561. Distributed in dividends and bonuses, $70,821,829.
Northern Ontario mining yield, 1918, $62,600,000, viz.: Sudbury, nickel, etc., $35,800,000; Cobalt, silver, etc., '$17,500,000; Porcupine (gold), $9,000,000. Nickel pro- duction has increased from 5,945 tons in 1902 to 44,600 in 1918.
MUNICIPAL STATISTICS.— Of 550 townships, 149 vil- lages, 137 towns, 23 cities and 28 counties. Population, 1017, 2,560,453'. Assessment, 10H5, $2,004,675,547. Area of same, 25,405,018 acres. Municipal taxes, 191i6:, $34,- 294,710; school taxes, 1916, $14,007,387.
NEW ONTARIO. — 85 per cent, of province — 20,000,000 acres of farm lands.
POPULATION.— Ontario first settled about 1784 by 10,000 United Empire Loyalists. Ontario's population: 1824, 1160,066; 1831, 23.6,702; 1841, 455,688; 1851, 952,004; 861, 1,396,091; 1871, l',620,8ol; 1881, 1,926,923; 1891, 2,114,321; 1001, 2,,188',947; 1914> 2,523,274; 1917, esti- mated at 2,7oO,000, one-third of all Canada.
48
PRODUCTION VALUES— Ontario. All Canada.
Farm products $450,000,000 $1,100,000,000
Mineral output 52,000,000 13S,500',000
Timber output 50,000,000 172,500,000
Manufactured products 715,000,000 1,390,000,000
Total $1,267,000,000 $2,801,000,000
TIMBER.— Ontario has 200,000 square miles of wood*ed land, and estimated 19,000,000,000 feet of available tim- ber and 300,000,000 cords of pulpwood.
TRANSPORTATION.— Ontario has one-third of Canada's railway mileage, or 11,049 miles. 772 miles of electric lines. 5 great canals. 50,000 miles of highways and 10,000 of colonization roads. T. & N. O. Railway, owned by Province, operates 330 miles.
WATER-POWERS.— Estimated, 5,800,000 h.p.; developed, 7>60,000.
WOMEN'S INSTITUTES.— Ontario has 850 Women's In- stitutes, with 30,000 members, who have raised $2,000,- 000 for war purposes in cash and kind.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
AGRICULTURE. — The field crops of 1918, of which oats, potatoes, turnips and roots were the larger items, made a total value of $13,600,000', the highest in its history.
P. E. I. has 14,369 farms, averaging about 90 acres each. Porduction in 1916 averaged $1,364 per farm.
FUR FARMING INDUSTRY.— P. E. I. has about 300 incorporated fox companies, and 3<>0' fox ranches. They contain about 6,000 silver foxes, besides about 500 others less valuable.
Farming, Fishing and Fox-breeding — the "Three F's," pro- duction in 1018: Field crops, $13,600,000; animals and their products, $6,000,000; fisheries, $1,200,000; young silver foxes, $60&,000. Total, $20,800,000.
Old and young silver black foxes in the ranches on 1st December, 1918, numbered 6,000.
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No part of P. E. I. is more than 10 miles from railway, and three-fourths of its area is within 5 miles of the rails.
The Canadian Government Railway ear ferry between Gape Traverse, P.E.I., and Cape Tormentine, N.B., has been in operation since 1017. It shortens the water route from 45 to 9 miles.
The gauge of the P. E. Island Railway is being broadened ,,to the continental standard.
Very extensive deposits of excellent brick and tile tiny exist in Prince County, P.E.I. A factory is in operation at Richmond, for the making of brick and tiles on an extensive scale.
P. E. I. has 95 lobster-canning establishments.
QUEBEC.
AREA. — Quebec is Canada's largest province — 706,834 square miles (445,078,602 acres of land and 7,295,158 of water); 18 per cent, of the whole Dominion; much larger than five United Kingdoms.
AGRICULTURE. — Crop area, 191-8, total of acres, 13,485,- 45l8, viz.: Wheat, 365,670 acres; oats, 1,923', 72-0 acres; barley, 189,200 acres; flax, 7,357 acres; rye, 29,OGO acres; peas, 107,3.86 acres; mixed grain, 194,288 acres; other grain, 12,260 acres; beans, 109,800 acres; buckwheat, 227,018 acres; corn for husking, 54,690 acres; hay, 4,533,266 acres; potatoes, 364,870 acres; turnips, beet- roots and swedes, 95,526 acres; green fodder, 60,780 acres; pastures, 4,845,0198 acres; alfalfa, 4,144 acres; other crops, 39,5'87 .acres; fallow lands, 192,060 acres; kitchen gardens, 133,720.
BANKING.— 1917, 820 banks and branches. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.— Hospitals,- maternities
and creches, 53; hospices, orphanages, asylums, etc., 10$;
sanatoria and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries, 6. COMMERCE.— KH7-1 8: Imports, $270,Ofi4,4rJO; exports.
•K^-L, 111,934. DAIRYING. — 1917: Number of butter factories, ."!»s;
cheese factories, 895; butter and cheese factories ,-oni
50
bined, 4S2; condensed milk factories, 1. Total, 1,876. Value of butter, cheese and condensed milk manufac- tured in 1917, $28,313,658.
DWELLINGS AND FACTORIES ERECTED.— 1917: Number, 3>,812; value, $11,071,660.
EMPLOYMENT BUREAUX.— 3;- placed 7,390v
FINANCE.— Year ending June 30, 1918: Total ordinary receipts, $13,SiO>6,391; total ordinary expenditure, $11,- 423,49(8.
FISHERIES.— Total value of fish sold (1)916-17): Exports and certain home markets, $2,991,624. Production, 1917, $3,414,378.
HISTORY. — Canada's history of four centuries is centred in the city of Quebec. It is the mother-town of the Dominion, the portal to the Canada that lies beyond, and the welcoming beacon to thousands of immigrants.
JOINT STOCK COMPANIES.— Incorporated in 1917, 281; total capital, $15,952,600.
LIVE STOCK.— July, 1918: 4,862,820, viz.: Horses, 496,811; sheep, 959,070; swine, 99*7,255; mileh cows, 1,163,855; other cattle, 1,245,819. Poultry, 5,363,903.
MANUFACTURES. — Number, 7,158; capital invested, $548,972,575; salaries and wages, $80,217,258; cost of material, $216,497,844; value of products — general trade, $346,371,813; war trade, $41,528,772. Total trade, $387,- 900,5185. Factories erected, 1916, 253; value, $6,327,1)80.
MINING INDUSTRY. — 1917, value: Asbestos and asbes- tic, $7,240'',697; 85 per cent, of the world's total produc- tion; gold, $22,720; silver, $7'8,880; copper, $1,205,242; ochre, mica, phosphate and graphite, $451,114; molyb- denum, $238,096; cement, $3,264,665; lime, $343,588; marble, stone and limestone, $749,592; granite, $167,659. These are only part of Quebec's mineral products.
PRODUCTION of grain, 1918, 72,344,200 bushels, oats leading with 56,7321,100 bushel*.
POPULATION.— 1901: 1,648,891; 1911 (male, 1,011,247) female, 991,465; total, 2,002,712); 1917, according to municipal statistics, 2,380,,042; rural, 1,145,646; urban, 1,234,396.
Population of principal cities, in 1917: Montreal, 700,000; 51
Quebec, 103,246; Maisonneuve, 3-7,247; Verdun, 23,000;
Hull, 25,422; Three Elvers, 21,000; Sherbrooke, 23,212;
Westmount, 18,500; Lachine, 15,550. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.— Government grant, $2,068,766;
contributions of independent institutions and taxpayers,
years; 137 plants, 3,680 employees, wages, $2,071,054. PULPWOOD. — Quebec leads the Canadian provinces in
pulp wood production, more than half of 'all-Canadian
total. Manufactured, 924,272 cords, worth $6,840,489;
exported unmanufactured, 786,879 cords, worth $5,197,-
114; total, $12,037,603.
Merchantable wood, 818,422,719 feet; value, $27.^500,492. RAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS.— 1917: Steam, 4,212
miles; electric, 229.30 miles; land grants, 1,568,553, acres;
provincial cash subsidies (since 1874), 426,814,078.
34,iQ24 miles of roads are under muncipal control; 2,294
miles macadamized, 1,461 graveled. TRADE UNIONS.— 1917: Number, 309; membership,
28,005. WATER-POWERS.— Total estimated hydraulic power,
7,000,00-0 h.p. Quebec Province war contributions, $1,876,994.
SASKATCHEWAN.
AGRICULTURE. — 80 per cent, engaged therein. Sas- katchewan is the largest wheat producing province in the world, producing between 700,000,0000 and 800,000,- 000 bushels in past 7 years. Average 6-year wheat yield, 18 bushels; U.S., same period, 16 bushels.
Grain acreage estimate for 1018: Wheat, 9,249,2-60; oats, 4,388,499; barley, 699,296; flax, 840,957.
Value of grain crop, 1918, $320,245,000, viz.: Wheat, $216,- 000,000; oats, $78,000,000; flax, $13,800,000; barley, $10,- 600,000; rye, $1,845,000.
Grain production, 1918, 205,125,000 bushels, viz.: Wheat, 90,000,000; oats, 100,000,000; flax, 4,000|,000; barley, 10,600,000; rye, 1,125,000.
Saskatchewan has won several International prizes for
best wheat and other grains.
AREA. — 251,700 square miles, equal to size of France,
Belgium ami Holland, larger than Germany, and twice that of the British Isles. Stretches 760 miles from south to north. One-half surveyed. Of total area, there is a land area of 243,382 sq. miles, or 155,764,000 acres. Area of arable land estimated at 57,884,160 acres. Acreage estimate, 1917, of arable area, only 23 per cent.
CITIES.— Population: Kegina, 26,127; Saskatoon, 21,008; :\[oo9e Jaw, 16,934; Prince Albert, 6,436; Weyburn, 3,050; Swift Current, 3,181; North Battleford, 3,145.
COAL. — Estimated areas of 7,500 square miles contain 20 billion tons of lignite.
CO-OPEEATIVE ASSOCIATIONS, 406. Turnover in 3 years, $7,247,98®.
ELEVATORS. — Saskatchewan leads the provinces in ele- vators and capacity, viz.: 1,947 elevators and 732 sta- tions; capacity, 58,625,000 bushels.
HISTORY. — Part of Northwest Territories until incorpor- ated as a province in ISO'S.
IMMIGRATION.— In 6 years, 138,422.
INDUSTRIAL (1916 census).— Capital invested, $16,788,- 992; products, $15,162,574; increase of 121 per cent.; 221 factories in 190.7.
LIVE STOCK.— 1918, 2,934,824, viz.: Horses and mules, 1,000,076; cows, 352,989; cattle, 926,342; sheep, 134,177; swine, 521,240; estimated value live stock and poultry, $271,327,044.
MINING. — 51 coal mines in operation. Produced 336,726 tons in 1917.
MUNICIPALITIES.— 7 cities, 75 towns, 313 villages, 300 rural municipalities and 4,145 school districts.
POPULATION.— 1901, 91,279; 1911, 492,431; 1916, 647,835.
PRODUCTION. — Total, 1917, agricultural and otherwise, $40,000,000. Per capita, population of 647,835, un- equalled in the world. Profits stand at $50,000,000, 5
RAILWAYS. — Saskatchewan has a larger reilway mileage than any Western province, and more than any Eastern one, except Ontario. Mileage, 1916, 6,108.
TELEPHONES. — Government System. Long distance lines: 158 exchanges, 17,501 subscribers; 17,962 wire mileage. Rural system: 95S rural companies, 35,555 subscribers, 35,865 pole mileage.
WATER-POWERS.— Estimated available h.p., 3,500,000. 53
RAILWAY FACTS.
(For year ending June 30, 1917.)
Canada's operating railway mileage, 38,604. Doubled in 6 years. Mileage in 1836, 16; 1867, 2,278; 1908, 22,966.
Ontario leads in mileage, with 11,049; Quebec, 4,734; Sas- katchewan, 6,124; Alberta, 4,444; Manitoba, 47194; Brit- ish Columbia, 3,885 ; New Brunswick, 1,959 ; Nova Scotia, 1,422; Prince Edward Island, 278; Yukon, 102. Canadian connecting links in U. S., 413..
Canada's railways have been given cash subsidies of $240,000,000, viz., $185,493,913 from Dominion, $37,437,- 895 from provinces, and $17,914,836 from municipalities. Governments have also guaranteed bonds.
Capitalization of railways in Canada in operation, $1,985,- 119,991, or $oO,000 per mile.
Canada's railways employed 146,175 in 1917; salaries and wages, $129,626,187; increase of $25,325,540 in year.
Gross earnings, 1917, $310,771,479; operating expenses, $222,&90>,637; net, $87,880,842.
Canadian railways carried, 1917, 53,749,680 passengers and 121,926,272 tons of freight — record figures.
Canada has given to transportation, through governments and municipalities, $800,000,000.
Canada has one mile of railways to every 200 people.
Canada's land grants to railways, 44,096,989 acres, vi/.: By Dominion, 31,864,075; Quebec, 1,681,690; British Co- lumbia, 8,119,221; New Brunswick, 1,647,772; Ontario, 624,232; Nova Scotia, 160,000.
Government guarantees of railway bonds, $407,092,064; earned, $352,392,681.
Canada stands fourth among people of world in railway mileage; first in proportion of mileage to population.
Eailways' tax bill, 1917, $4,354,172.
Only one country was able to maintain without interruption through the war an open highway across the western hemisphere — Canada, with her three transcontinental rail- ways.— The Canadian railway system stands to-day the most successful -from the point of view of public service and the most alert of all departments of Canadian indus- try to undertake a full share of responsibility in the period of reconstruction. — E. W. Beatty, President, C.P.B. 54
CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS.
Canadian National Railways comprises the lines of what were formerly known as Canadian Northern Railway Sys- tem, the Intercolonial Eailway, and National Transconti- nental Railway.
Canadian National Railways has a mileage of 14,000 miles, embracing nine provinces.
Canadian National Railways has building a fleet of 48 ves- sels to carry the products of Canada to all ports of the world, and bring back foreign products required for Cana- dian development.
Canadian National Railways lines serve the Sydneys, Hali- fax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Sud- bury, Port Arthur, Fort William, Duluth, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria.
The Canadian National Railways lines traverse the great grain-growing plains to the south in Manitoba, Sas- katchewan and Alberta, and the rolling, wooded, diversi- fied farming areas to the north in these three provinces.
Canadian National Railways lines serve the new north in Ontario and Quebec.
Canadian National Railways traverse from the Yellowhcad Pass the valleys of the North Thompson, the Thompson and the Fraser to Pacific navigation and the Pacific coast.
Canadian National Railways line to Port Nelson on Hudson Bay comprises the rail connection for the new short sea route to Europe.
Canadian National Railways has at Port Arthur, Out., the largest consolidated elevator plant in the world, capacity 10,000,000 bushels.
Canadian National Railways operates between Montreal, St. John and Halifax the famous "Ocean Limited" and ' ' Maritime Express. ' '
Canadian National Railways terminals at Montreal are elec- trified.
C.-inadian National Railways entrance to Montreal includes a 3 '/i -mile double-tracked tunnel through Mount Royal.
Canadian National Railways main line between Toronto and Montreal serves Ottawa en route.
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Canadian National Railways trains are operated electrically through its famous 3^ -mile-long-double-tracked tunnel through Mount Eoyal into Montreal.
Canadian National Eailways opened in October, 1918, direct scenic line between Ottawa and Montreal.
Canadian National Railways patrons have clear view for miles of Mount Edith Cavell and other famous and beauti- ful peaks in Jasper Park in Alberta, and of Mount Rob- son and other mighty mountains in Mount Robson Park in British Columbia.
Canadian National Railways has established a car ferry between Vancouver Island and teh mainland.
Canadian National Railways trains between Montreal and Quebec run along the shore of the St. Lawrence for nearly 40 miles into Quebec City.
Canadian National Railways operate the Quebec Bridge,
which spans the St. Lawrence above Quebec, and consti- tutes one of the engineering feats of the world, being :!,L!40 ft. in length, having a main span of 1,800 feet., a suspended span of 64!0F ft. the steel work being 1-10 ft. above high water.
Canadian National Railways operate the extensive Ocean Terminals at Halifax, having 27 berths for ocean steamers varying in length from 500 to 70 ft.
ELECTRIC RAILWAYS.
Operative mileage, on June, 1917, 2,277; computed as single track; 1,723 in 1912. Capitalization, $161,2.34,79.5. Fare passengers carried, 629,094,167, increase of 49,347,8"50 in year. Freight moved, 2,333,539 tons. Net income, ip 1,878,- 861; 11.696 employees. $11,8'S7,454; average cost of education per scholar, $25.30.
PRINCE RUPERT.
Prince Rupert is situated on one of the finest harbors in the world, on the shores of the Sunset Ocean, the North Pacific, five hundred miles nearer the Orient than any other port, developing rapidly in commerce, already great in its rich fisheries, and destined to become the greatest fishing centre in the world,
56
THE GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM.
The Grand Trunk System has a mileage of 8,107 miles.
The Grand Trunk is Canada's pioneer railway, the original incorporation being granted in 1852.
The Grand Trunk has the longest continuous double-track line in the world under one management.
It reaches all the principal agricultural and industrial districts of Canada, and serves with its own lines the important traffic centres of the United States.
The Grand Trunk serves more than 89 per cent, of Can ada's urban population, grouped in its principal cities.
In the Province of Ontario alone the Grand Trunk lias more than three thousand miles of railway.
The Grand Trunk owns more passenger and freight ear equipment, and also more locomotives per mile of road than any railway in Canada, except the Michigan Cen- tral.
The Grand Trunk carried in its last fiscal year more than twelve million passengers and more than twenty-five million tons of freight and live stock.
The Grand Trunk pays more than one million dollars a year in taxes.
The Grand Trunk line from Montreal to Brockville (123 miles) was completed in November, 1853. The section from Brockville to Toronto was completed in October, 1836. The first train from Montreal to Toronto \v;is operated October 27th, 1856.
The International Limited, running daily in each direction between Chicago, Toronto and Montreal, is famous the continent over as "Canada's train of Superior Service." seaboard, is famous the continent over as "Canada's train of Superior Service."
The lines of the System in Western Canada, known as the Grand Trunk Pacific, stretch throughout the rich prairie provinces, thread the Rockies by way of the famous Ycllowhead Pass, and reach the Pacific Ocean at Prince Rupert, British Columbia.
The Grand Triuik Pacific is the new short route to Alaska. Prince Rupert is the gateway to this northland, being only -40 miles from the Alaskan boundary.
67
The Grand Trunk Pacific Steamships operate between Anyox, Prince Rupert, Queen Charlotte Islands, Swanson Bay, Ocean Falls, Vancouver, Victoria, and Seattle.
The Grand Trunk Pacigc Steamships operate from Prince Rupert to Victoria, Vancouver and Seattle, southbound, and to Ketchikan, Wrangell, Juneau and Skagway, northbound.
The Rocky Mountain scenery on the route of the Grand Trunk Pacific is attracting travellers from all parts of the world. The points of interest include Jasper and Mount Robson Parks — territories of such scenic gran- deur that they have been set aside for all time as play- grounds.
Mount Edith Cavell, the beautiful peak named in 1916 in honor of Miss Edith Cavell, the martyred nurse, who was shot by the Germans in Belgium, can be seen from the Grand Trunk Pacific line. It is 11,200 feet high.
Mount Robson, Canada's highest peak (13,068 feet), is seen from the Grand Trunk Pacific line.
The first sod for the Grand Trunk Pacific was turned at Manitoba Sand Hill on August 28, 1905, and the laying of steel began at Portage la Prairie, September, 1906. The last spike was driven at Nechako Crossing, B.C., April 7, 1014.
The Grand Trunk Pacific was built to a higher standard of construction than any. other railway on the continent.
The Grand Trunk Pacific crosses the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 3,712 feet, with the lowest grade of any railway on the American Continent.
The Grand Trunk Pacific Steamships are known as the crack liners of the North Pacific Coast — speedy, com- plete and comfortable, and nothing in construction or equipment neglected to ensure full reliability and sure- ness in their course through the "Norway of America."
The Grand Trunk System, in addition to its elevators at Montreal, Fort William and other points, has 288 smaller ones located in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. The Fort William elevator is Canada's "largest single elevator. Capacity, 5,500,000 bushels.
CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY.
The Canadian Pacific Railway is the Empire's greatest railway, and one of the greatest corporations in the world.
Mileage, l'S,f>2'5.7, viz.: C.P.R. and lines worked, 1:5, 772.1; owned and controlled, including Soo Line, 4,85:!. (i. Length of Main Line, Montreal to Vancouver, 2,885.8.
(MOSS earnings for twelve months ending Dec. 31, 1917, $l")2,:W9,."-.".4; working expenses, $105,843,316; net t-aru- ings, $46,546,018.
Capital: Ordinary stock, $260,000,000; preference stock, $80,081,921.12; debenture stock, $216,284,882.10; mort- gage bonds (Algoma Branch), $3,650,000.
Employees, including subsidiary interests, nearly 8^,000.
Ivijiiipmeiit, 2,25*5 locomotives, 2,781 passenger cars, 87,301 freight cars, and 8,094 other cars. Railway and equip- ment valued at $538,510,563.
Passengers carried, 1917, 15,576,721; freight, 31,198,68;> tons.
Railway construction, rolling stock equipment, ocean, lake and river steamships, during year ending December, 1917, $14,008,580.23'.
< '. I'. R. fleet of 58 steamers: Great Lakes, 5; ferry ser- vice, 2; B. C. lake and river service, 24; B. C. coast ser- vice, 25; Bay of Fundy service, 2.
Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Ltd., includes Canadian Pacific trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific lines and Allan Line — 32 vessels in all, total tonnage 301,092.
C. P. R. Telegraph System— 15,000 pole miles; miles of wire, 115,000.
C. P. R. owns fifteen hotels of highest standard from Atlantic to Pacific. Contain 3,500 bedrooms.
C. P. R. owns its own sleeping, parlor and dining-car ser- vices.
As part of subsidy for construction of transcontinental line, Company received 25,000,000 acres of land in West- ern Canada. Still unsold, 6,894,913 acres. Part of de- velopment of these lands consisted of creation of three million acre irrigation tract in Alberta.
CANADIAN MOUNTAIN WORLD.
Canada has the largest and most beautiful Mountain Na- tional Parks in the world, thousands of square miles in extent, aptly termed "Sixty Switzerland in One," ex- ceeding in natural grandeur all other parks in the world. • Among them, Canada's Koeky Mountain Park has an area of 1,800 square miles; Yoho Park, an area of 560 square miles, and Glacier Park, area of 4'G8 square miles; Kevelstoke Park, 95 square miles.
The Canadian Government and the Canadian Pacific Kail- way are annually expending large sums of money open- ing up new roads, building trails, and making the attractions of the Eock Mountain Park easy of access.
Banff, the gateway to the Canadian National Park, is one of the most attractive spots in America.
Banff has hot sulphur springs, caves, waterfalls, aviary, museums, animal paddock with many buffalo, magnifi- cent drives, boating, fishing, golf links, and many other attractions.
Glacier Hotel, owned by the Canadian Pacific, is in the heart of the Selkirks, and is only a short walk from the Illecillewaet Glacier, with its nearly forty miles of ice.
Near Glacier also the Canadian Pacific has just completed the longest tunnel in America — 5 miles long — through Selkirk Mountains. It has been named the Connaught Tunnel, in honor of the Duke of Connaught, ex-Gover- nor-General of Canada.
Nakimu Caves are near Glacier. These immense caverns, formed by water erosion, are claimed by scientists to be 38,400 years old.
First C.P.R. steamer to reach Vancouver from Yokohama, June 14th, 1887.
The original main line of the C.P.R. was built in five years, instead of ten, as per contract. Cost over three hundred millions.
Lake Louise, one of the most beautiful lakes in the world, is 34 miles west of Banff.
Field — 55 miles west of Banff — is where the world-famous Canadian Pacific spiral tunnels have been constructed. It is also the centre of remarkable Alpine scenery.
RELIGIOUS FACTS (1911 Census.)
Seventy-nine specified religious for population of 7,173,513, as compared with 57 in 1901 for population of 5,327,224. Number without specified religion, 32,490.
Roman Catholics, 2,833,041, ten year increase of 27.06 per cent.; Presbyterians, 1,115,325 (increase of 32.39); Meth- odists, 1,079,892 (increase, 17.78); Anglicans, 1,043,017 (increase, 53.05) ; Baptists, 382,666 (increase, 20.33) ; Lutherans, 229,864 (increase, 148.43); Salvation Army, 18,834 (increase, 82.71); Congregationalists, 34,054 (in- crease, 20.36 ; Greek Church, 88,507 (increase, 466.26) ; Jews, 74,564 (increase, 354,63).
Proportion of denominations to total population in 1911: Eoman Catholic, 39.31 per cent.; Presbyterians, 15.48; Methodist, 14.98; Anglican, 14.47; Baptist, 5.31; Luth- eran, 3.19; Greek Church, 1.23; Jews, 1.03.
Canada had, in 1911, 1,111,250 church members in nearly ] 5,000 churches: Anglican, 2,500 churches; Baptist, 1,307; Christian, 74; Congregational, 199; Friends, 22; Lutheran, 500; Methodist, 5,600; Presbyterian, 4,422; other organ- izations (estimated), 250.
PRESBYTERIAN FACTS.
Presbyterian population in Canada (est.), 1,200,000. Number of communicants in churches and missions, 1917,
341,282; increase of 4,460; 185,663 families. Ministers, 1,984; elders, 11,533; sums raised for all pur
poses, $6,012,242. Of this, $4,943,551 for congregational
purposes and stipends; for schemes of the church, $1,068,-
691. Theological colleges had 103 students, 45 professors and
teachers in 1917-18. 299 missionaries in foreign fields. Congregations: Self-sustaining, 1,834; augmented, 587;
home missions, 1,956. Total, 4,377. Value of church property, $23,447,496. 3,636 Presbyterian Sabbath Schools, with 300,679 scholars,
and 31,026 teachers and officers.
61
Church and Manse Building Fund has helped nearly 1,000 churches.
A Forward Movement has been organized to cover a five- year period.
Budget for the schemes of the Church, $1,500,000.
Grants for Home Missions, $460,551; foreign, $352,249,
50 centres of work among foreigners; 20 among Indians, 12 school homes, 8 home mission hospitals, 7 redemptive homes, 4 social and evangelical institutions.
Women's Missionary Society: 1,454 auxiliaries, 54,900 members; 840 Mission Bands; receipts, $190,960. outposts; 20 schools, homes, etc.
METHODIST FACTS.
The Methodist Church in Canada has one General Confer- ence, 12 Conferences, 153 Districts, 2,122 'Circuits, 5,309 preaching appointments. Total membership, 388,210; in- crease of 5,168 in year. 201,685 Methodist families.
It lias 2,805 ministers and probationers; 2,450 local preach- ers; 1,043 exhorters; 3,117 class leaders and assistants, and 12,476 stewards.
It has 3,600 Sunday Schools, with a total force of 454,803. There are 96,985 pledged abstainers in Sunday Schools, of whom 10,559 signed the total abstinence pledge during the year. Sunday Schools raised for Missions during year $80,441, and for all purposes, $517,821.
Income of Missionary Society for year ending June 30, 191 8, was $791,220; 426 home missionaries, 50 missionaries among the Indians of Canada, 11 among Orientals in Can- ada, 21 in Japan, 83 in West China.
The Women's Missionary Society, organized in 1881. has 29 misionaries in West China, 34 in Japan, and 72 in Can- ada. Total membership 87,919; income for 1917-1S, 238,017.
The Church has 17 Colleges and Universities, with 1,:>..18 stu- dents. Income of the Educational Society was $70,079 for year ending May 31, 1916.
There are 3,745 churches, value $31,090,276; 1,562 parson- ages, value $5,013,563; College property, value $ 1, 391,881). Total value of all Church property, $40,765,700.
Methodist Church missionary budget for 1918-19, $1,000,000.
OTHER DENOMINATIONS
BAPTIST CHURCHES IN CANADA (From Baptist Year Book, 1917). — Churches, 1,337; ordained ministers, 905; baptisms, 4,891; membership, 138,291, viz.: 61,198 in Maritime Provinces, 59,517 in Ontario and Quebec,
. 17,576 in Western Provinces.
B. M. E. CHURCH. — 2,750 members and adherents, 21 churches.
CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF ONTARIO.— 1,200 members, 21 churches, 9 ordained ministers, 2 lay preachers, 4 licentiates.
CONGREGATIONAL.— 13,337 members, 32,820 under pas- toral care; value of Church property, $2,111,310. Total raised, $217,930.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND.— 1.634 clergy, 598 licensed lay readers, 651,801 members, 204,186 communicants. Con- tributions for parochial objects, $2,507,815; for Missions, $298,730.
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST.— 7,349 members, 102 Churches.
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.— 9,669 members, 111 churches. Amount raised for all purposes, $133,007.
FREE METHODIST.— 90 churches, 2,120 members.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.— 1 Cardinal, 11 Archbishops, 30 Bishops, 4,917 Priests, 3,Q&6 churches, 212 institutions of charity.
SALVATION ARMY.— Canada East, 71 staff and 690 field officers; 121 outposts; 282 corps; 40 homes and camps; 54 day schools. Canada West: 22.6 officers; 76 corps; 61
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.— 100 Asso- ciations in Canada, 40,000 members. Departments: War, boys, railway, students, industrial, rural, etc. Overseas: 700 employed at one time. Operated hundreds of centres in British Isles, France, etc.
YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.— Started in 1873. Now 79 branches (39 city, 40 student), with 20,000 members; 37 boarding homes have rooming capacity for 1,568; over 3,000 members in National Ser- vice Camps during the war; 7 Hostess Houses; 5 foreign
63
SHIPBUILDING.
Canada is spending over $60,000,000, 1918-19, on a national shipbuilding programme, of over 40 vessels, from 3,400 to 10,500 tons. Will form part of the national railway sys- tem. First one launched in Montreal, December, 1918. 43 under construction or contracted for, January, 1919. Value, $42;,000',000i. Ship plates will be supplied from Sydney.
Canada and Newfoundland have 200 firms building ships.
Canada will now make most of her ship plates at Sydney, N.S.
Canada's national ship-building industry is now a perma- nent one, as a result of the war, in both steel and wooden ships.
Canada built, in 1918, 460,000 tons dead-weight, with ton- nage value of $37,156,972, more than from 1902 to 1914.
Canada has received orders from French Government for 50 wooden ships, value $21,000,000.
Canada's Government merchant marine flag will fly on be- tween 30 and 40 steamers in 1919, on world-wide routes.
Imperial Munitions Board awarded contracts for 90 vessels, 46 wooden and 44 steel, with a dead-weight tonnage of 356,343 tons; value $69,675,235. 150 wooden ships under construction.
Only the capacity of the Canadian yards will be the limit of the 1919 operations.
TELEGRAPH FACTS.
Wire mileage, 1917, 210,885; 11,817,517 land messages and 1,084,956 cablegrams transmitted, compared with 9,952,- 135 and 977,389 in 1916.
Canada has 11 operating telegraph and cable companies, with 4,615 offices. Capital, $75,000,000.
Gross earnings of cable, telegroph, wireless and Government telegraph service, 1917, $7,272,756; net operating rev- enue, $2,81S',7£3; net income, $2,231,792.
Pacific cable traffic, between Canada and Australia and New Zealand, 1916-17, 1,069,897 words; increase of 33,308 words in year.
64
TELEPHONE FACTS.
Capitalization, $79,121,702; cost of phone interests, $94,-
The Chippawa-Quenston power development scheme, now under way, estimated to cost $25,000,000. 300,000 horse- power will be developed.
Telephone statistics, year ending June 30, 1917 : 1,695 com- panies (increase of 103 in year), viz.: 5 government, 73 municipal, 645 stock, 841 co-operative, 17 partnership, 114 private.
Saskatchewan leads with 727; Ontario, 528; Quebec, 173; Xova Scotia, 143, etc.
Capitalization, $79,121,70'2; cost of phone interests, $94,- 469,533; gross earnings, $20,122, 281; operating ex- penses, $12,095,425; net earnings, $8,026,855 ($7,447,066 in 1916).
Number of phones, 604,136; increase of 55,715 in year. Wire mileage, 1,708,202 ; 16,400 employees ; wages, $8,882,- 593.
Persons -per phone, 1917, 13.4; 1911, 23.8.
TEMPERANCE FACTS.
1'er capita consumption of liquor in Canada:
Tobacco. Lbs. ' 3.711 3.427 3.329 3.330 3.612
Inland Revenue, 1917-18, $29,962,366, chief ' items being $1. ".,358,495 from "spirits, malt liquors and malt, and $13,392,-
965 from tobacco and cigars.
Quantity of spirits produced, 1917-18, 3,566,955 proof gal- lons, as against 6,400,119 proof gallons in 1916-17. Ka\v materials used in the 3,566,955 proof gallons (Ibs.) : Malt, 5,292,991; Indian corn, 36,633,568* rye, 7,027,450; oats, 124,460; molasses, 18,171,440. Canada produced, 1917-18, 3,566,955 proof gallons of spirits,
compared with 6,400,119 in 1916-17.
Inland Revenue Department examined 5,121 food samples, 1917-18.
65
|
Spirits. |
Beer. |
Wine. |
Total |
|
|
Fisc. |
Yr. Gals. |
Gals. |
Gals. |
Gals. |
|
1914 |
..1,061 |
7.200 |
.124 |
8.385 |
|
L015 |
.. .872 |
6.071 |
.095 |
7.038 |
|
1910 |
.. .745 |
4.950 |
.062 |
5.757 |
|
1917 |
.. .698 |
4.188 |
.061 |
4.947 |
|
1918 |
Capital invested in brewing and distilling in Canada (1911 census), $43,237,757; persons employed, 4,688; wages paid annually, $2,649,284.
After May 1, 1919, it will be illegal to ship liquor for bever- age purposes anywhere in Canada. The whole nation will then be under the most complete system of prohibition that exists in the world.
Canada's drink bill, according to latest estimate, 1914-15, $103,049,128, viz.: Canadian spirits, $28,575,702; im- ported, $28,603,336; Canadian malt liquors, $39,242,592; imported, $6,067,384; imported wines, $560,115.
CIGARS AND CIGARETTES.
Cigarettes manufactured, 1917-18, 2,321,594,533; 1916-17, 1,698,815,380; increase of 622,779,153 in year.
Tobacco, cigarettes and snuff manufactured, 1917-18, 29,168,- 292 Ibs., as against 25,980,442 Ibs., 1916-17.
Cigars manufactured, 1917-18, 253,824,568, as against 237,- 647,769 in 1916-17.
CANADA'S TRADE FACTS.
VOLUME OF TRADE,
Exports. Imports1.
'11.$ 297,196,365$ 472,247,540$
315,317,250 559,320,544
393,232,057 692,032,392
478,997,928 650,746,797
490,808,877 629,444,894
882,872,502 564,505,796
'12. '13. '14. '15. '16. '17. '18.
1,151,375,768 1,097,793,403 1,586,169,792 962,521,847
1911-1918.
Total. Duty.
769,443,905 $ 73,312,368
874,637,794 87,567,037
1,085,264,449 115,063,088
1,129,744,725 107,180,578
1,120,253,771 79,205,910
1,447,378,298 103,940,101
2,249,170,171 134,000,000
2,548,691,639 161,588,465
TRADE OF CANADA'S CHIEF PORTS, 1917-1918.
|
Montreal . . . St. John . . . Halifax .... |
Exports. . . $524,365,343 . . 200,783,647 71,428,208 |
Imports. $204,818,415 16,787,150 13,150,766 |
Total. $729,183,758 217,570.797 84,578,974 |
|
Vancouver . . Quebec . . |
28,959,296 13,331,114 |
40,974,260 15,573,367 |
69,943,556 28,904,481 |
66
TRADE WITH UNITED KINGDOM, UNITED STATES AND BRITISH EMPIRE.
Imports of Canadian and foreign produce:
Fiscal Year. United Kingdom. United States. British Emp.
JHM-15 $90,157,161
Ii91o-l(> 77,404,361
JIMIH7 107,096;584
1!»17 IS Exports: J 9 14-ir,
1916-17 1017-18
81,324,283
211,757,718 4-63,081,241 756,071,059 S61,0'73>,399
$296,632,508' 370,496,574 664,219,653 791,906,12-5
186,342,856 2116,669,262 290,578,77» 441,390,920
$115,348,706
105,236,489 144,144,260 128,055,371
237,268,806 494,636,222 790,191,971 904,920,031
TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES.
I'.i If, 17: $1,1SO,231,775>, viz.: Exports, $389,019, 129; im- ports, $791,212,646. 1917-18: $1,515,738,136, viz.: Ex- ports, $681,249,761; imports, $834,488,375.
Canada carries on trade with nearly 100' countries.
Canada's trade, 8 months ending Nov. 30, 1918, $1,491,- 737,03'S-.
EXPORTS OF PRODUCTS OF CANADA.
Fiscal years 1916.
Mines $66,000,000
Fisheries 22,000,000
Forests 51,000,000
Animal Produce .. 103,000,000 Agl. Products ... 250,000,000 Manufactures .... 242,000,000
Miscellaneous 6,792,000
Foreign Produce
1917. 1918.
$85,000,000 $73,760,502
25,000,000 32,602. I'll
56,000,000 51,899,704
128,000,000 172,743,081
373,000,000 567,713,584
477,000,000 636,602,516
6,353,000 4,706,250
27,835,332 46,142,004
Total $742,000,000 $1,179,211,100 $1,586,169,793
i 'anaila now has a favorable balance of trade, exports
greatly exceeding imports. Overseas exports rose from about one million tons, in 11)!."), to
over five million tons in 1918. Canada's total trade, year ending November, 1918, $2,165,-
384,059, viz.: Imports, $895,238,297; exports, $1,270,11.",
762. Duty collected, $153,73'8,173.
UNITED TATE8 INVESTMENTS IN CANADA.
500 branch firms (average investment
$300,000) $1.30,000, 'HIO
Government, municipal and corporation bonds
(1906-13) 123,743,000
Government, municipal and corporation bonds
1913-17) 500<,306,000
Insurance company investments 94,276,000
British Columbia mills and timber 75,000,000
British Columbia mines 62,000>,000
British Columbia land transactions €0,000,000
Prairie Provinces land transactions 41,000,000
City and town properties 20,000<,000
Maritime Provinces investments 13,135^000
Industrial investments, miscellaneous 12,200,000
Prairie Provinces lumber and mines 10,500,000
Agricultural implement firms 9,2-30,000
Packing plants 6,7-30,000
Theatrical enterprises 3,500,000
Fox farms (Prince Edward Island) 1,000,000
$1,272:,S50',000
Canada's exports, 1917-18, rose to new high levels.
United States foreign trade, 1918: Exports, $6,094,878,538; imports, $3,070,754,531. Total, $9,165,633,069; increase of a billion in year. $87 per capita. Canada's foreign trade about $300 per capita.
Canada gets only 2 per cent, of the export trade of this continent. United States exports to Pacific countries of British India, Australia, New Zealand, China and Japan in one year, over $285,000,000; from Canada, $12,000,000.
Canada's foreign trade, 12 months ending October, 1918, $2,267,762,157.
Canada exported $1,874,710,900 worth of foodstuffs during first four years of the war.
"The decade following the bringing in of a world peace worthy of and commensurate with the heroic struggle and sacrifice of our gallant Canadian overseas forces, will be the most prosperous era in the development of our great Dominion." — Col. Thomas Cantley, Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co.
68
WATER POWER FACTS.
( 8*e also under " Electrical Development. " )
Total Possible Developed Province. H.P. H.P.
Ontario 5,800,000 760,000
Quebec 6,000,000 640,000
Nova Scotia 100,000 26,000
New Brunswick 300,000 15,000
Prince Edward Island 3,000 500
Prairie Provinces 3,500,000 91,000
British Columbia 3,000,000 250,000
Yukon 100,000 12,700
Total for Canada 18,803,000 1,825,200
Capital invested in electric power stations, $356,004,168. 90 per cent, of power is developed from water; 78 per cent, installed in commercial and 21 in municipal sta- tions. Annual revenue from sale of electrical energy, .t44,f>36,848.
Power produced on Canadian side of Niagara Falls totals about 400,000 horsepower, of which 125,000 is exported to the United States.
There is now developed on the Winnipeg River for trans- mission to' and use in Winnipeg, 60,000 h.p. There is possible of development within easy transmission distance of Winnipeg 500,000 h.p.
WAR FACTS.
CANADIAN CASUALTIES, DECEMBER 31, 1918.
Officers. Other Ranks. Total.
Killed in action 1,842 33,824 35,666
Died of wounds 614 11,806 12,420
Died of disease . . : 220 5,185 5,406
Wounded 7,130 148,669 156,799
•Prisoners of war ... ... 3,575
Presumed dead 142 4,529 4,<i7 ]
Missing 41 384 42.1
Deaths in Canada ... 2,221
Total 9,989 204,397 220,182
Total deaths 60,383
WAR FACTS, Con tinned.
THE COST OF WAR,
Napoleonic $6,2-10,000,000
Crimean War l,700,(Kn),(iiui
Civil War (U.S.) 8,000,000,000
Franco-Prussian War 3,500,000,000
South African War '. l,2oO,0(t'i.i! -n
Russo-Japanese 2,500,000,000
Great War, 1914-18 200,000,000,0110
WORLD WAR FINANCE.
Changes brought abouf in the world's financial position through the war is here shown:
Before the war. At present.
National debts of world. . $44,000,000,000 $204,000,000,000
Annual interest on debts .. 2,000,000,000 10,000,000,000
Paper moned ' ' uncovered ' ' 3,000,000,000 24,000,000,000
Average cost of living increased 100%
CANADA AND THE WAR.
Canada's cost of the war to Nov. 12, 1918, $1,046,894,000, viz., 1914-15, $60,730,000; 1915-16, $166,197,000; 1916-17, $306,488,000; 1917-18, $343,835,000; 7 months to Oct. :il, 191-8, $169,574,000. Total cost will probably reach $1,200,000,000 by March 31, 1919,
When Canada entered1 war, Aug. 4, 1014, she had only 31,000 in permanent force and 60i,000 in active militia. When it ceased, Nov. 11, 1918, Canada had sent overseas 418,980i men.
Nearly 15,0:00 of the Royal Air Force raised and trained in Canada (besides those who joined it overseas).
611,741 men passed through the hands of the Canadian military machine during the war, including 595,441 en- listments. Secured by voluntary enlistment, 4615,984; by Military Service Act, 83,305.
Canada's pension expenditures for 1918-10 estimated at $15,000',000, and of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, $1£,000,000. Pension bill will probably reach $30',000,- 000 a year. Involves actuarial sum of $440',000,000 on 3 per cent, basis.
Nearly 4,000 Canadian officers and men had received, up to Aug. 1, 1918, commissions as officers in the Imperial Army.
70
WAR FACTS, Continued.
( 'anadian war honors won included, up to November, 191S, in Victoria Crosses; D.S.O., 491; Military Crosses, 1,657; Military Medals, «,549; Distinguished Conduct Medals, 1,(>3S. Canadians mentioned in despatches, 3,3:*3, be sidi-s several foreign honors.
Canada's war contributions to Red Cross, Patriotic and other funds, total nearly $100,000,000.
Sir Arthur Currie, O.C.: ''In the last two years of. strenu- ous fighting the Canadian corps never lost a gun, has never failed to take an objective, and has never been driven from an inch of ground once eonsilidated, while its ca'sualty list among the rank and filo bears the small est percentage in proportion to its strength of all the British forces."
MUNITIONS FACTS.
The Imperial Munitions Board made contracts in Canada for war material, supplies, etc., of value of $1,200,000,- 000, with 1,000 manufacturers, employing between 350,000 and 300,000', besides 50,000 employed in handling supplies
Over 60 million shells were produced, 60 million copper liainltf, 45 million cartridge cases, 30 million fuses, 65 million pounds of powder, 50 million pounds of high explosives. Over 1,800,000 tons of steel were used in production of war material, and fully 1,450,000 tons of this was produced in Canada.
The Imperial Munitions Board built, equipped and oper- ated 7 national manufacturing plants, on which $16,000,- 000 were spent.
Canada produced, in 1917, 55 per cent, of all the shrapnel, 43 per cent, of all the 4.5's, 27 per cent, of all the 6 inch shells used by the British Army.
CANADA'S CHIEF VICTORIES.
The Canadian army won 20 major battles in the war, viz.: l»ir>, Second Battle of Ypres, in April and May (St. Julien
and Langemarck).
1916, Battle of St. Eloi, 3rd to 10th April. Battle of Sanctuary Wood and Hill 62, June 2nd, 3rd. Battle of Somme, October and November. 71
CANADA'S CHIEF VICTORIES.
The Canadian army won 20 major battles in the war, viz.: J915-, Second Battle of Ypres, in April ami May (St. .1 alien
and Langemarck).
19H5, Battle of St. Eloi, 3rd to 19th April. Battle of Sanctuary Wood and Hill 62, June -2nd, 3rd. Battle of Somme, October and November.
1917, Battle of Vimy Ridge, April 9th to 13th.
Battle of Arleux and Fresnoy, April 2Sth, 29th, May 3rd.
Battle of Hill 70, Aug. loth.
Battle of Passchendaele, Oct. 23th to Nov. loth.
1918, Battle of Amiens, Aug. 12th. Capture of Monchy-le-Preux, Aug. 26th, 28th. Capture of Boiry and Oherisy, Aug. 30th, Sept. 2. Breaking of Queant-Drocourt line, Sept. 3rd, 4th. Crossing Canal du Nordi, capture of Bourlon Wood, Sept.
27th, 29th.
Battle around Cambrai, Oct. 1st, 9th. Battle of Douai, Oct. 19th. Battle of Denain, Oct. 20th.
Battle leading to capture Valenciennes, Oct. 2."ith. Nov. 2nd. Canadian forces entered Mons, Nov. ]1, 1918.
BRITISH WAR FACTS.
Britain raised $45,000.000,000 during the war. Of this, $2,,840',000,000 to Russia; $2,125,000,000 to France; $1,825,000,000 to Italy; $636,000:, 000 to smaller states, and $1,090,0010,000 to the British oversea Dominions — a total of $8,5 15, 000, 000'.- Britain's borrowings abroad did not exceed $5,000,000,000.
British casualties (up to Nov. 19, 1918) in ail theatres of war, 3,049,991 (officers, 142,634; men, 2,907,357 ). Total deaths, 658,665; wounded, 2,032,122; missing and pris- oners, 369,145.
Of total British forces, United Kingdom gave 75 per cent.; overseas Dominions, 12 per cent.; India, 13 per cent. Leaving out India, the United Kingdom gave 85 per cent, of the English-speaking force of the British army, and sustained 8*6 per cent, of British casualties. Of the 75 per cent, of United Kingdom, England gave 60 per cent. The overseas Dominions gave 15 per cent, and sustained 14 per cent, of casualties. 72
MISCELLANEOUS FACTS.
Canada has 3,296 Eskimos.
Canada has 49,000 Chinese.
Canada has four Hindu temples.
Canada has 1,600 publications.
Canada's present Parliament is its 13th.
Canada has 300 Consuls and Vice-Consuls.
Canada has over 3,000 buffalo in Buffalo Park.
Canada has nearly 1,000 moving picture theatres.
Canada has 9,580 Mormons (in Southern Alberta).
Commercial Travellers' Association numbers 14,000.
Canada has 147 mountain peaks over 10,000 feet in height.
Canada's building permits, 1917, $29,291,676; 1916, $36.-
049,970. Canada's Topographical Surveys Branch surveyed 19,758
miles, 1916-17. Canada is establishing a new industry, near Vancouver, for
extracting nitrogen from the air. Canada has the longest press service in the world, of 5,000
miles — the Canadian Press Association. "Canada is due for a period of unbounded prosperity. "-
Secretary Canadian Credit Men 's Trust Association. Canada's Royal Northwest Mounted Police, strength of all
ranks (Aug., 1917), 742; will be brought up to 1,200. Canada has one of the world's biggest storage dams, the La Loutre, on the St. Maurice River. Built by Quebec Government for $1,500,000.
Loss from unnecessary deaths in Canada yearly is estimated
by Medical Health Officer of Nova Scotia at $150,000,000.
' $3,000,000 worth of used tin cans are, it is estimated, wasted
in Canada every year. A company has been formed to
use them.
Canada's business failures, estimated, in 1917, at 1,131. Assets, $5,967,175. Liabilities, $12,953,799. In 1916, 1,772; assets, $6,349,078; liabilities, $15,952,684. Canada's penitentiary population, year ending March 31st, 1917, was 1,694. (2,118 in 1916.) 714 between ages of 20 and 30; 141 under 20 years; 838 paroles granted; 94 out of every 100 paroled convicts have kept the honor of their parole.
WESTERN CANADA FACTS.
POPULATION GROWTH.
1901. 1906. 1911. 1916.
Manitoba 255,211 365,688 461,630 053,8(10
Saskatchewan .. 91,279 257,763 492,432 647,835
Alberta 73,022 185,412 374,663 496,525
FIELD CROPS, 1918
Bushels. Acres.
Wheat 186,176,500 16,125,451
Oats 261,114,800 9,354,941
Barley 54,60*7,900
Eye 7,651,100 411,sfij
Flax 7. Kin., 1,0-t
CENSUS (1916) OF PRAIRIE PROVINCES.
Of total population of prairie provinces, 57.2 per cent, (or 971,830) were of British races, viz., English, :>.:! 486,315); Irish, 12.0 (204,f>G4); Scotch, lo.'.i Welsh, .7 (11,124); French, 5.3 (89,987); Gorman, 8.1 (136,698); Austro-Hungariau, 8.0 (136,250 ); Russian, 3.7 (63,735); Norwegian, 2.8 (47,449); Lallan, 2.3 (39,147); Ukranian, 2.3 (36,103); Kwedisn, 2.2 (37,220) ; Jewish, 1.4 (23,381); Dutch, 1.3 (22,353).
Winnipeg had (1916) 13,473 Jews; Calgary. 1,211; K.lmon- ton, 707; Eegina, 498.
Of total population of prairie provinces of 1,098,220, ori- gins were: Canada, 92(>,42:! ; United States, 1!>7,X5.V. else- where, f>7::,942. :;4.f> per cent, o*' tot:\l were born within the ]>rairie provinces, as against 2S.5 per cent, in 1911.
Population of prairie provinces increased by :;<>."i per <vnt. in 15 years, 1901-16; by 1 HI per cent, in Id years, 1'tnii-Hi, and 28 per cent, in last 5 years.
Population per square mile of land: Manitoba, s.61 ; Sas- katchewan, 2.66; Alberta, 1.96.
Of total population of 1,2-10, :;74 in prairie provinces, Id years of age and over. ^.:'» per cent, are unable to - English.
Of foreign-born of 485,937 in prairie provinces, 302, :!.'»>, or 62.2 per cent., are naturalized.
WESTERN CANADA FACTS Continued.
\a of 1911 reported that 13.6 per cent, of pulation, 5 years and over, were unable to read or write, as against 11.9 per cent, in 1916.
72 religions were reported in the 1916 census of the prairie provinces.
Number of farms in 1916, 218,563; in 1911, 203,474. In- crease, 7.41 per cent. Increase of land in farms, 25.04 per cent., or from 58,623,117 acres in 1911 to 73,300,135 acres in 1916, out of total area of 358,805,198, or a little over 20 per cent, of the 73,3-00,135 acres, only 24,595,915 were sown to field crops in 1916.
Prairie provinces estimated average yields per acre for 1918 are as follows, the yields for 1917 and for the ten year period 1908-17 being placed within brackets: Manitoba: Wheat, 17 (lG:;i, 17:;i); oats, 38% (30%, 35%); barley, 2!>U (--%, --JVi); rye, 18% (17%, 18); flax, 11% (9, 11%). Saskatchewan: Wheat, 11% 11%, 18%); oats, 3iy2 (27%, 38%); barley, 22% (21, 26%); rye, 15 ,, 20%); flax S% (6%, 10%). Alberta: Wheat, 10 (18%, 22i/o); oats, 23% (34, 42); barley, 16% (22, 28%); rye, 15% (20%, 23%); flax, 5% (7, 10%).
Surveyed area of prairie provinces, 200,215,856 acres, viz.: Manitoba, 35,419,136; Saskatchewan, 78,774,995; Alberta, 86,021,725.
Grain Growers' Association of Western Canada has 60,000 farmer members.
'1 Grain Growers of Western Provinces handled MJO,000 bushels of grain in 1917, and 307,000,000 bushels in 12 years. Company operates 343 local ele- vators. Capita, $2,891,000; assets, $8,359,000; reserve and balance, nearly $2,000,000.
Prairie provinces fishery value, 1916-17, $1,390,022. 2,049 employed.
The Last Great West of Canada, viz., the Peace Eiver country, is approximately 275 by 300 miles, in Alberta and British Columbia. 14,000 surveyed homesteads are open for settlement, with an estimated arable area of 45,000,000 acres. Excellent No. 1 hard wheat is grown. It is the last of the best free land left to the Anglo- Saxon race in the world.
WESTERN CANADA FACTS -Continued.
•'Canada is in a better position than ever before to seek foreign trade and, having the men, money and confidence, it will be strange if our ambition permits us to slip bac instead of surging forward." — Senator Freden
Canadian West coal production in 1918 greatly exceed previous years, by 55 per cent.
Western Canada population increase ten years, 1901-11: 174 per cent.; Eastern Canada, 17 per cent. Provincial percentage growth, 1910-11: Alberta, 413; Saskatche- wan, 439; British Columbia, 119; Manitoba, 78; Quegec, 2>1; Ontario, 15; New Brunswick, 6; Nova Scotia, 7; P. E. L, decrease of 9 per cent.
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Canadian Almanac for 1919.
Seventy Second Year of Publication
Contains Full List of —
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LAST-MINUTE FACTS.
Canada granted 973 patents, J017-1S.
Canada's national income, l!Hs, $2,400, ,000.
Final estimate of Canadian field crops value, ISMS, $1.
:!Hl,S70. This takes the [dace of the tmrevised estimates on pages 2 and 3, of $l,2:;.j,000,000. Revised wheat yield, 189,301,350 bushels.
Canada's trade, calendar year. 11HS, $2.i::i;,l>(i:!,m, viz., exports, $l,±.':),7<is,:M.I: imports, $906,954,900; highest on record.
Latest estimalc of electrical energy in Canada is 2.Hi7,7l.'! horse-])o\ver from 5<i5 generating plants, in lien of mate on page 69.
Navy League in Canada has 52,000 members. $1,7< was raised in "Soldiers' Week."
Canada sold Great Britain 234,075 tons of food duriing war.
Canada has arranged a $50,000,000 credit for the pin of lumber for war reconstruction piirpo-
Canada's output of steel products more than doubled during the war.
prisoners have been repatriated, escaped or died prisoners of war.
Canada's fur trade increased during last three years. In 19] >6 furs valued at $5,072,587 were exported; in 1917 the export value, $6,520',993; 191S, $9,708,599.
National registration June 22, 1918, 5,044,034; 92 per cent. of population over 16 years.
Welland ship canal will now be completed, employing 4,000, in spring of 1919. Trent Canal will also be finished.
Canadian Government lias voted $25,000,000 for better hous- ing. Some of the provinces are also making grants for a similar purpose.
LI 05 industrial accidents in 1917; 950 in 1916.
Canada's trade and labor unions had 27,130 members overseas.
The hotels owned and operated by the Grand Trunk Sys- tem are known as "the hotels of the century," and in- clude the Chateau Laurier, Ottawa; the Fort C, Winnipeg; and the Macdonald, Kdmonton. In !!'• gonquin Park of Ontario the Grand Trunk owns and rates the Highland Inn and the log cabin camp hotel Camp Minnesing, and Nominigan Camp.
RENNIE'S
1919
S E E E> S FOR
- OUR CATALOGUE -
Is larger and better than ever. Several splendid new varieties. For 50 years the leading au- thority on Vegetable, Flower and Farm Seeds, Plants and Bulbs. You need it before you decide what kinds to plant. Send for your copy to-day.
WM-
Cor. King & Market, TORONTO
Also at Montreal, Winnipeg and Vancouver
The Bennett & Wright Co.
Limited
Contractors
For Plumbing, Heating, Electric Wiring, Ventilation and Vacuum Cleaners.
ESTIMATES FURNISHED
and WORK GUARANTEED
72 QUEEN ST. EAST Toronto - - Canada
New Canadian Books
THE ROMANCE OF WESTERN CANADA.
BY R. G MACBETH.
The story of the movements resulting in the growth of our great West. Cloth illustrated $ 7.50
CANADA'S DAY OF GLORY.
A series of brilliant verbal battle pictures by a famous correspondent, picturing the part taken by our Canadian army in victory. $/.^5
IN THE DAY OF BATTLE.
The best war verse from half a hundred writers, a third and enlarged edition. $/ 25
WILLIAM BRIGGS
PUBLISHER TORONTO - ONT.
THE BOOKSHOP OF
Upper Canada Tract Society
JAS. M. ROBERTSON, Depositary, 2 Richmond Street East, Toronto.
Gift Books Children's Books
Bibles Children s Bible Picture Books
Hymn Books Religious and Theological
Books
Devotional Books Sunday School Supplies
TELEPHONE MAIN 7952.
ESTABLISHED 1885.
A Monument of Style and Elegance
is one of the garments for making which we are famous.
There is an air of distinction about onr clothes that stamps them as the work of master hands.
In the choice of the material, the shade, the modeling, the strict adherance to style and the perfect finish, our products are the most satis- factory that particular men can wear, and the prices are moderate.
Your Order will be Appreciated.
Berkinsha w & Collier
316YongeSt. • Toronto.
T IS A FACT
that the Actual Results to Policyholders of
THE DOMINION LIFE
Assurance Company
(Established 1889)
are unsurpassed. In this Canadian Company you obtain the best insurance at lowest net cost
Head Office - Waterloo, Ontario
Our Splendid Equipment is at Your Service.
Send your orders to
P. R. Wilson Printing Co.
122 Richmond Street West TORONTO
for
FINE BOOKLETS AND MAGAZINES
and
COMMERCIAL PRINTING. ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
Telephones: A. Macoomb
Main 2377 Manager
Main 2378
tShe Bryant Press
LIMITED
Printers
Publishers I3J to J33 Jarvis St.
Bookbinders Toronto * Canada
ticket Depi.
EVERY PUBLICATION Is a Leader In Its Field*
The MacLean Publications hold the pulse of every Canadian activity ', pro- viding the public -with timely and reliablt neivs and information.
Every paper and magazine is an authority in its particular circle and has a steadily growing Canadian circulation resulting from the publica- tion of only live, interesting subjects by the best authorities and writers.
These are the MacLean Publications
Weekly— Canadian Grocer, Hardware and Metal, Financial Post, Canadian Machinery and Manufacturing News.
Semi-Monthly — Sanitary Engineer, Plumber and Steamfltter, Farmer's Magazine.
Monthly — Bookseller aud Stationer, Power House, Printer and Publisher, Dry Goods Review, Men's Wear Review, Marine Engineering, Canadian Foundryman, MacLean's Magazine.
Sample copies sent on request with sub- scription prices and advertising rates.
THE MACLEAN PUBLISHING CO.
Limited J43 University Avenue, Toronto
Five Fundamental Facts.
1. The Mutual Life of Canada began business in 1869 with a membership of five hundred. To-day it consists of about sixty thousand poiicyholders satisfied policyhold«rs.
MO aim of the Mutual it to furnish the largest amount of sound insurance at the lowest possible cost.
3. The Mutual Life of Canada considers first the security 'of it* investments and second the rate of interest earned.
4. There are no stockholders in the Mutual Life of Canada. The poiicyholders sire the sole owners and receive the benefit of all profits from whatever sources.
The Mutual of Canada is the only mutual company ef C
6.
Dominion
STRICTLY CANADIAN1
THE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE CO.
WATERLOO, OF CANADA. ONTARIO.
LOAN DEPARTMENT
MONEY LOANED AT LOWEST CURRENT RATES OF INTEREST
on Real Estate, Bonds and Stocks. MORTGAGES AND DEBENTURES PURCHASED.
THE LONDON AND CANADIAN LOAN and AGENCY CO. Limited
Head Offices No. 61 Yongo St., Toronto, Canada.
HafAorized Capital ........ $2,000,0(0
Subscribed C*pitai, fuf/r
paid. 1,250,000
te«r»e 900,000
itMfli M55.953
OFFICES IN CAN/104 Mead Office - . Toroito
Branch Otticu
Wliiiptg. Man. Cackifoen, Sask. • tjisi, Suk rorifcB. Stik.
Head Off/ct is Grtit Brittin 21 C«sf/« Sfreef - Edinburgh
V. B. Wtdsworth. Maoiftr Wm. Wedd. it. Seerefify
President Thomas Long
Vice-Pre.ident ..C. S. Giowski
DIRECTORS A. H. Campbell W. C. Noxon C. C. Dalton Goldwio Larratt Smith Colia M. BUck, W.S.
Edinburgh.
DEBENTURES of the Company, with half-yearly interest coupons tttached. are issued to investors in sums oi $100 and upwards, periods K trosn 1 to 5 y«ars bearing current rates «f merest
Tkisc fflvcsfrncofi afford •bso/tft Hcurity and i$*uttd fictoe.
H. H. WILLIAMS & CO.
Real Estate
38 KING STREET EAST TORONTO
The Imperial Guarantee & Accident Insurance Co*
OF CANADA Head Office -46 King St. West, Toronto
Authorized Capital - 81.OOO.OOO
•ubscribed Capital - 1,OOO,OOO
Paid Up Capital - SOO.OOO
Government Deposit 161.0OO
Givu IMPERIAL PROT1CTION IN THBIR
JSS2
Bondg
Plat* OU5« Burglary
„,
clil
HoU.eJ
BRANCH OFFICKS :
Canada Life BMg., Cramer & Co., Merdumto' Ba.k BU. Montreal Que Vancouver. B.C. Wioniper, M*
W Canada Life Bldr.. Cal»arr. AlU.
B. WILLAMS. Mmnafing Dirteter FRANK W. COX. 5««w«