1 1S.Sk.

5000

CHNHDH

50

* 30

535

Further Facts About Canada

Particularly about the wonderful opportunities for settlers on cheap, fertile Canadian farm lands, may be had from any of the following Canadian Govern- ments Agents:

In the United States

Boston, Mass., Max. A. Bowlby, 73 Tremont St. Chicago, 111., C. J. Broughton, Boom 412, 112 W.

Adams St.

Columbus, Ohio, W. S. Netherey, 82 E. Rich St. Des Moines, Iowa, A. E. Pilkie, 202 W 5th St. Detroit, Mich., J. M. MacLachlan, 10 Jefferson

Ave. E. Fargo, X.D., W. E. Black, Equity Bldg., 117 Eobert

St. Great Falls, Mont.. Knute Haddeland, 104 Central

Ave., Park Hotel.

Harrisburg, Pa., F. A. Harrison, 308 North 2nd St. Indianapolis, Ind., M. J. Johnstone, 215 Traction

Terminal Bldg.

T\an?as City, Mo., Frank H. Hewitt, 2012 Main St. Manchester, N.H., C. A. Laurier, 43 Manchester St. Milwaukee, Wis., Geo. A. Hall, 123 Second St. Omaha, Neb., W. V. Bennett, 300 Peter's Trust Bldg. Peoria, 111., Manitoba Govt. Agency, 422 Libertv St. San Francisco, Cal., Gilbert Roche,' 3 and 5 First St. Spokane, Wash., J. L. Porte, cor. 1st and Post Sts. St. Paul, Minn., R. A. Garrett, 311 Jackson St. Syracuse, N.Y.. O. G. Rutledge, 301 E. Genesee St. Watertown, S.D., Geo. A. Cook, Drawer 197.

In Great Britain

J. Obed. Smith, Superintendent of Emigration for Canada in London, 1 Regent St., S.W. 1, London, England.

— or—

Department of Immigration and Colonization, Ottawa, Canada

3

4

o

o

and the

INVESTMENT GUARANTEED

Invest your surplus funds in the

GUARANTEED INVESTMENT RECEIPTS

of this Corporation, beating interest at 5|% per annum payable by cheque half yearly. "Trustee Securites" as authorized by law held in trust by in a separate account for each investor, and our written guarantee as to payment of interest and payment of the amount invested makes these Receipts a safe and sound investment for your funds.

Sums of $500 and upwards received for investment for three or five years. For further particulars regarding these Receipts send for our booklet :

The Sale Investment of Funds.

The

Toronto General Trusts Corporation

Head Office : 83 Bay Street, Toronto

BRANCHES Ottawa, - Winnipeg, - Saskatoon, - Vancouver.

NORTHERN ONTARIO

This section of the Province of Ontario stretches from the Province of Quebec on the east to Manitoba on the west, and extends north from Southern Ontario 700 miles to Hudson Bay, covering an area of 330S000 square miles. This territory is largely covered with valuable forests; is rich in minerals; especially gold, silver, nickel, copper, and iron; is abundantly watered with lakes and rivers, and has great spaces of fertile soil, especially that known as THE GREAT CLAY BELT, which contains some 20 million acres of good agricultural land The trees are principally spruce, tamarac, cedar, pine, popular and birch, with undergrowth of hemlock, maple, ash and alder.

What settlers say of the soil, climate, farming and forest life of Northern Ontario is told in a most attractive illustrated booklet issued under the direction, of the Honourable Manning Doherty, Minister, of Agriculture for Ontario. Facts in regard to Colonization, roads and railways are exceedingly interesting, as is the information in regard to lumbering and mining, the markets, hunting and fishing, education and various other subjects. Full instruction in regard to acquiring a title to these rich agricultural lands are given, including information relating to the Free Grants to Returned Soldiers and Sailors.

For free copies write

H. A. MACDOINELL, Director of Colonization,

Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario.

THE PROVINCE of QUEBEC

Population 2,350,000

Canada's Largest Province

18 per cent of all Canada with Area of over 700.000 square miles.

A land of untold Natural Resources, with water- power estimated at over 6,000,000 H.P., of which nearly 1,000,000 H.P. are already developed.

A land of great Waterways, mighty Rivers and Lakes, extensive Forests, rich in Pish and Game.

An ideal country for Farming, Dairying and Stock Raising, with a field production of over $300,000,000 per year, while Dairy Products bring in over $36,000,000, and Live Stock $200,000,000 in normal years.

A Province that leads all other Provinces in the Asbestos and Pulpwood industries. ' A Province offering exceptionally favourable terms to settlers.

A Province which had in" 1921 a Mining record of $28,392,939.

A Province with an annual Industrial production of $988,000,000 (1919).

A Province where relations between Capital and Labour are better than anywhere else, and in which Capital can secure the safest and most profitable investments.

A Province with the highest birth rate in Canada.

Send for Booklets and Information to THE

BUREAU OF STATISTICS Quebec.

All Publications sent free, except the YEAR BOOK, SI. SO.

NOVA SCOTIA

The Portal to Opportunity Canada's Eastern Gateway

NOVA. SCOTIA is playing a leading part in extending Canada's Commei ce. Her position on the Atlantic seaboard, near the great Inter- national trade routes, is a strategic one. Each year sees new lines leading^ from her shores to far away lands.

NOVA SCOTIA'S natural resources are so rich and varied as to surely destine the Province becoming one of the great work shops of Canada. All her basic industries have pro-pered steadily , and despite a share of the enormous post-war problems, the business outlook is steady and promising.

NOVA SCOTIA has a wonderful variety of farms, rich in Pastures and Orchards, and renowned for their Dairy Produce and Fruit.

NOVA SCOTIA is a land of beautiful lakes, rivers, and forests. The appeal of the primeval foreststill exists for the Tourist and Sportsman.

Look Over Nova Scotia's Facts

For Particulars Write To

JOHN HOWARD, ESQ., Agent General, 57 Pall Mall, London, England.

W. B. MacCOY, K.C., Secretary,

Department of Industries and Immigration.

Halifax, N.S.

New Brunswick

The Largest of the Three Maritime Prov- inces, surrounded on three sides by 600 miles of ocean coasct line. As large as Scotland, without its islands. New Brunswick has rich mineral resources,

extensive forests, potential water power

development, productive agricultural areas,

valuable fishing grounds, and famous game

preserves. New Brunswick has over 12,00 square miles

of crown lands, or one-third of its total

area. New Brunswick is growing industrially, with

1,425 establishments, with production

value, 1917, of $62,000,000. New Brunswick's annual lumber production

totals nearly $15,000,000 from 255 mills. New Brunswick is a successful agricultural

province, with splendid field crops yield

for 1921. New Brunswick offers many attractions to

the tourist, settler, hunter and fisherman.

For booklet Tourist Information, apply to Tourist Association, St. John or Fredericton. For booklets re Hunting and Fishing, apply to Department of Lands and Mines, Fderic- ton. For information regarding Resources and Opportunities in New Brunswick, apply to King's Printer, Fredericton.

SASKATCHEWAN

Located in the centre of the Western Canada prairies and embracing the lion's share of their choicest land, Saskatchewan is not only the great wheat province of Canada but is rapidly coming to the front as a live stock centre, with vast potential possibilities in industrial development as well, when the natural re- sources of this province in minerals and forests begin to be utilized.

Saskatchewan now produces more than half the wheat crop of Canada and has won the world's prize for the best wheat grown, eight times in the past nine years. The world's championship for the best Clydesdale stallion and many other championships and prizes were won by the Saskatchewan live stock exhibit at Chicago International Exhibition in 1920 and 1921.

Saskatchewan has more automobiles per capita than any country in the world except the United States and has the same number per capita as that country. Saskatchewan has more telephones per capita than any other country in the world except Sweden. The province has billions of tons of coal ; enough sodium sulphate already in sight to supply the world's market for a hundred years; forests and minerals : but its greatest source of wealth is its remarkably fertile soil, nearly one hurf&red million acres of arable land, less than one-third as yet under cultivation.

For full information about opportunities in this new province write

THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, REGINA, SASK

The

Sign of the Line of Service.

You will find the Maximum of Travel

Comfort on the Splendid

Trains of the

Grand Trunk Railway System

Reaching all Important Centres

between Atlantic Seaboard

and Chicago.

Also

Beautiful Vacation Regions

Algonquin Park, Muskoka Lakes

Lake of Bays Georgian Bay

Kawartha Lakes Timatfami

Descriptive Booklets on Request

Whether it be a business or vacation trip, the Grand Trunk Agents will help you to prepare.

Q. T. BELL, Passenger Traffic Manager,

Montreal, Quebec.

r

Canadian National Railways

THE LAND OF OPPORTUNITY

No other Country offers the in- ducements that Canada does to-day.

KNOWLEDGE IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS

Do you want to know about opportunities in Canada ?

About : Manufacturing and Business Farming opportunities

The wealth of hidden mineral treasure Forest resources Cheap power How to secure Information.

The Industrial and Resources Department of the Canadian National Railways has available to the public, the widest range of information on Canada.

Correspondence is invited from manufacturers, mining men, trade representatives, chemical engineers and others desiring information on Canadian conditions, resources, and industrial opportunities.

C. PRICE GREEN.

CommUsioner. itrial and Resources Dept. TORONTO

The!

aliona]

Canadian National Railuiaijs

ENTAL LIMITED

Montreal and Toronto to Vancouver & Pacific Coast Points The NATIONAL Toronto-Winnipeg:

Compartment— Observation— Library Cars,

Standard and Tourist Sleeping and Dining Cars,

Colonist Cars and Coaches.

. HOTELS

Winnipeg: The Fort Garry

Edmonton : The Macdonald Port Arthur : The Prince Arthur Brandon : The Prince Edward

CANADIAN NATIONAL EXPRESS CANADIAN NATIONAL TELEGRAPHS

Canadian Government Merchant

Marine, Limited* REGULAR FREIGHT SERVICES

From Montreal, in Summer; Halifax, N. S. and St. John N. B., in Winter, to St. Johns, Nfld., Liverpool, London, Glavgow, Cardiff and Swansea ; Brazil and River Plate; Barbados, Trinidad and Demerara; Bahamas, Jamaica and British Honduras; India, Australia and New Zealand.

From Vancouver, B. C., to Australia and New Zealand ; China and Japan ; Straits Settlements, Java and India.

Some of the Year's Opportunities!

De la Roche— Explorers of the Dawn— $2.50.

Louise Morey Bowman — Moonlight and Common May — $1.50.

Blake-Hemon — Maria Chapdelaine — cloth $1.50, de luxe leather $3.00.

E. K. Broadus — A Century of Canadian Prose and Verse — $2.50.

Agnes Laut — Canada at the Cross Roads — $2.00.

Viscount Bryce — Canada an Actual Democ- racy—$1.00.

Domino (?)— The Masques of Ottawa— $2.00.

V. Stefansson— The Friendly Arctic— $6.50.

Charles G. D. Roberts— THE POPULAR ANIMAL SERIES. A new and cheaper edition retaining the original illustrations. Price per volume $1.10.

TITLES OF THE STORIES Each, illustrated, $1.10.

The Feet of the Furtive. Neighbors Unknown. Children of the Wild.

The Backwoodsmen.

Jim : The Story of a Backwoods Police Dog.

The Secret Trails. Kings in Exile.

Hoof and Claw.

THE BETTER BOOKLIST IN CANADA

The Macmillan Company of Canada,

Limited. Toronto.

THE NEW

CANADIAN BOOKS

Barriers ........................... By Lady Byng

Anne of the Marshland .............. By Lady Byng

To Him That Hath ............... By Ealph Connor

Rilla of Ingleside ........... By L. M. Montgomery

Jess of the Rebel Trail .......... . . .By H. A. Cody

Ked Meekins ..................... By \V. A. Fraser

The Quest of Alistair ............... By E. A. Hood

The Hickory Stick ........ By Xina Moore Jamieson

Little Miss Melody ............... By Marian Keith

The Window Gazer ........... By Isabel K. Mac Kay

Miriam of Queen's ........ By Lilian Y. MacKinnon

The Lone Trail .................... By Luke Allan

The Spoilers of the Valley ....... By Robert Watson

Are All Men Alike? ............ By Arthur Stringer

Brother Eskimo .................. By Alan Sullivan

Success ..................... By Lord Beaverbrook

The Victorious Banner ...... By Rev. A. R. Gordon

Later Poems ..................... By Bliss Carman

Beauty and Life ........ By Duncan Campbell Scott

My Pocket Beryl ........ By Mary Josephine Benson

A Garden by the Sea ............. By L. A. Lefevre

MCCLELLAND & STEWART, Limited

215-219 Victoria Street Toronto, Canada

Publishers of the Livest Book List in Canada.

The "Right1 Book for your Boy or Girl Ten to Eighteen.

Young Canada Series

The Four Standard Canadian Juveniles.

Each Volume illustrated. Cloth $125, postage 12c. ABOUND THE CAMPFIRE.. By Charles G. D. Roberts.

This is a fascinating book of wonder-tales. It is laiil T;I the region Lake Temiscouto and the Squatooks, but its scope covers almost all fields >of romance in the world, for . evening as the six canoeists (all old scouts and hunters) about whom the book is written, settle down for the night. e<aeh member of the party is called upon to recount some

thrilling experience as they sit about the campflre, and the bining the chronicle of an outdoor expedition side by side with the most exciting stories of

result is a book combining the chro

mad stallions, grey wolves, Indian devils, pearl divers> wild pigs, hounds of the sea — in fact, 350 pages of hair-breadth adventures by land and water.

THE GIRLS OF MISS CLEVELAND'S. By Beatrice Embree.

A picture of one of the happiest times in the life of the average girl. The book is a glimpse into 'a typically Cana- dian boarding-school, the very subject to interest your girl aged twelve and over. It is written in easy conversational style, telling of the good times, friendships, problems and memorable experiences of the student at boarding-school for the first time. %In the fine wholesome ideas it will bring home to its young readers, it is an invaluable book.

THE WILDERNESS CAMPERS. By James C. Hodgins.

What sort of delightful adventures would two boys and a girl from Kingston, Jamaica, have in a summer trip through that boundless region of lakes and rivers, bears, porcupines and maskolonge, north and east of Georgian Bay ? That is the theme of this refreshing out-of-door story. It will teach your boy or girl real Indian woodlore, as well as please his imagination with the finding of buried treasure.

THE BOY TRAMPS, OR ACROSS CANADA. By MacDonald . Oxley.

Boy readers will follow the progress of these two lads across the Dominion, with unflagging interest. Bruce Bar- clay and Arthur, Bowe are sons of Shanghai merchants, who. after matriculating at school in Scotland, are summoned home. They decide to enjoy the long trip back, and so return by way of Canada. On their ocean voyage they become friends with a wealthy Montrealer, who use's his influence to secure "stop-over" privileges for them on the transcontinental railroad trip, and thus they are enabled to drop off the train at various points and meet almost every day with some interesting or thrilling experience.

THE MUSSON BOOK CO., LIMITED PUBLISHERS - TORONTO.

MISCELLANEOUS FAOTS.

CENSUS STAFF, 1921: 13,000 enumerators, 247 com- missioners, 400 compiling clerks at Ottawa.

UNITED GEAIN GROWERS, LIMITED— Profits, 192 1 , $233,743 (1920, $467,675). Shareholders' capital and sur- plus, $5,196,553; paid-up capital, $2,765,685.

GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1921— Total vote, 3,121,844 out of 4,726,722 on electoral lists, or 65 per cent. (Total vote, 1917 elections, 1,885,329 out of 2,093,799 on lists.) Liberals polled, 1921, 1,296,723; Progressives, 769,387; Conservatives, 971,502; Independents, 84,232. 192 -candi- dates lost their deposits.

GROWTH OF LIFE INSURANCE— In 1869 there were , $35,000,000 life insurance in Canada, or $11 per head; in 1879, $86,000,000, or $21 a head; in 1909, $780,000,000, or $116; in 1914, $1,200,000,000, and in 1921, $3,000,000,000, or $335 a head. "The people of Canada laid away in 1921 life insurance equal to the bonded indebtedness of the country, and more is possible in the next ten years than in the past." — John A. Tory.

TRADE, CALENDAR YEAR, 1921— Total, $1,602,094,- 418, viz.: Imports for consumption, $799,394,598; exports (Canadian), $802,699,820. Canada had, 192J, three times as much of total foreign trade, twice as large an export trade and four times as large an import trade per capita as the United States,

/TUNIQUE FACT

About Insurance

"5C'00 Facts About Canada" would not be complete unless it recorded this unique fact about insurance:— The Mutual Life of Canada is the only Canadian life insur- ance company operating on the principle of absolute

mutuality.

The Mutual Life is conducted for the benefit of its policy- holders, there being no stockholders.

This plan has proven a great success. The Mutual Life has policies in full force amounting to two hundred and twenty- eight million dollars, and is one of the strongest financial institutions in Canada.

The Mutual Life

Assurance Company of Canada

Waterloo, Ontario &vw^r*/«i*^^9'^«s«i

CANADA PERMANENT Mortgage Corporation

Toronto Street - Toronto

Established 1855.

President W. G. GOODEEHAM

Vice-President ..R. S. HUDSON

Joint General Managers:

E. S. HUDSON JOHN MASSEY

Assistant General Manager, GEORGE H. SMITH

Paid-up Capital $7,000,000.00

Reserve Fund (earned) 7,000,000^00

Investments Exceed 39,000,000.00

THE CORPORATION IS A LEGAL DEPOSITORY FOR TRUST FUNDS

Every Facility is afforded Depositors. Deposits of one. dollar and upwards are welcomed.

INTEREST AT THREE AND ONE-HALF PER CENT.

per annum is credited and compounded twice a year.

DEBENTURES

For sums of one hundred dollars and upwards we issue Debentures bearing a special rate of interest for which coupons payable half-yearly are attached. They may be made payable in one or more years as desired.

ACCUMULATIVE DEBENTURES

We also issue Accumulative Debentures for $100. or any multiple thereof, the interest being com- pounded half-yearly. They are a particularly attrac- tive investment for those not in need of an immedi- ate return on their funds.

The Corporation's Debentures are a LEGAL INVESTMENT FOR TRUST FUNDS

Full information will be cheerfully furnished to anyone whose address we receive.

5000 FACTS ABOUT CANADA

Key to Contents: — Following general tables on pages 2-5, chapter subjects come in ^alphabetical order. The leading Canadian cities also come alphabetically under general head of '"Cities," and the nine provinces under "Provinces." Many city and provincial facts are also found in the general chapters. Latest new Census Facts follow page 72.

CANADA'S PROGRESS (From London Times )

In recent years no part of the British Empire has made greater strides in industrial development than Canada. The war induced a more rapid growth in industrial produc- tion than could have been reasonably expected in normal tiTiies. To-day Canada reaps the reward of its whole- hearted effort to assist the cause of the Allies; trans- formation from the activities of war to those of peace has been successfully accomplished, and speaking gener- ally, industry in the Dominion is in a flourishing condition. Canadian education is also awake to new ideas, and young Canada need no longer cross the fronteir to secure the advantages offered by a modern university.

CANADA'S PROGRESS SINCE CONFEDERATION.

1867. Age 55 Years. 1921.

3,000,000 Population 8,746,872

14,666 Immigration 148,477

L',288 Miles of Eailways 39,196

123 Branches of Banks 4,923

100,000 Farms under Cultivation 700,000

10,000,000. . . . Acreage under Cultivation 59,643,794

3,800,000... Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Swine... 20,115,193 $78,000,000. . . Invested in Manufactures . . .$3,230,686,368

$19,336,000' Public Eevenue 451,336,000

$52,701,000 Exports 1,189,163,701

$67,090,000 w.... Imports 1,240,158,882

$14,129,955 Customs Duties $179,658,474

ANNUAL NATURAL PRODUCTION.

Field Crops, 1921 $931,863,670

Dairying, 1920 ' 260,336,633

Fisheries, 1920 49,241,335

Forests, 1919 222,618,790

Mines, 1920 217,775,080

Furs, 1919-1920 20,000,000

Farm animals, 1920 140,083,000

Fruits and Vegetables, 1920 40,000,000

Poultry and Eggs, 1920 50,000,000

1

CANADA'S ADVANTAGES.

All kinds of field crops.

All kinds of mineral riches.

All kinds of natural resources.

Religious and political liberty.

Untold wealth in water powers.

A vast series of inland waterways.

An inspiring historical background.

British connection and Imperial unity.

A nine-link chain of united provinces.

Industrial and commercial opportunities.

All kinds of raw material for manufacturing.

A noble national ancestry: English and French.

Free speech, free schools, a free press, free worship.

All kinds of climate between lat. 49 and the Arctic.

Bounded by three oceans, holding vast fishery wealth.

NEW THINGS SINCE CONFEDERATION

Telephones, wireless telephony and telegraphy, airships, automobiles, traction engines, gasoline engines, electricity, baseball leagues, fireless cookers, departmental stores, motor boats, sulky plows, transcontinental railways, oil- propelled locomotives and vessels, electric street cars, natural gas, parcel post, rural mail delivery, technical and consolidated schools, civic playgrounds, consumptive hos- pitals, organized children's aid work, Y.M.C.A., trans- mission power lines, typewriters, color photography, moving pictures, X-rays, breakfast foods, etc.

CANADA'S INVESTED BILLIONS.

Agriculture and live stock, 1920 $7,612,151,000

Manufactures (1919) 3,230,686,368

Railways (steam) 2,088,222,267

Railways (electric) 170,826,404

U. S. Investments in Canada 1,27^,850,000

Banks 323,617,120

Telegraph Companies 85,000,000

Telephone Companies 100,587,833

Electrical Development 416,572,000

Pulp and Paper Industry 347,553,333

Mines plants 100,000,000

Lumbering 231,000,000

Canals (capital) 107,000,000

Flour milling 76,000,000

Fisheries 50,405,478

Trust Companies 47,000,000

Pulp and Paper Mills 347,553,333

2

CANADA'S FIVE-YEAR PROGRESS.

Items.	1916-17.
Immigration	75,374
Population	8,361,000
Agriculture :
Wheat, acres	14,755,850
Oats, acres	13,313,400
Barley, acres	2,392,200
liny and Clover. . .	8,225,034
Ttl. field crops area	42,602,288
Wheat, bush	233,742,850
Oats, bush	403,009,800
Barley, bush	55,057,750
Corn, bush	7,762,700
Potatoes, bush. . . .	79,892,200
Ha}' & Clover, tons	13,684,700
Wheat $	453,038,600
Oats $	277,065,300
Barley $	59,654,400
Corn $	14,307,200
Potatoes $	80,804,400
Hay & Clover $	141,376,700
Ttl. fid crops val.$l	,144,636,450
Fisheries, value .... $	39,208,378
Forest prods., value . $	173,000,000
Minerals, value .... $	192,982,837

Manufactures: Establishments

Capital . . ' $1 ,95S,705,230

Products $1,381,547,225

Employ, on wages. 601,305

Salaries & wages. $ 283,311,505

Trade:

Total $2,025,661,978

Exports $1,179,211,100

Imports $ 846,450,878

Customs Duties ..$ 147,631,455

Railways:

Mileage 38,604

Capital $1,985,119,991

Net Earnings $ 310,771,479

Elec. lines, mil'ge. Elec., capital .... $ Elec. earnings . . .$

Marine :

No. of vessel^. . . . Tonnage

1,744 161,2&,739

.•;n.L>:;7,664

1920-21.

148,447 8,746,872

23,261,224

16,949,029

2,795,663

10,614,951

59,643,704

329,835,300

510,093,000

64,252,800

14,220,000

110,895,000

12,234,200

$ 242,936,000

$ 146,395,300

$ 28,254,150

$ 12,317,000

$ 82,147,600

$ 267,764,200

$ 931,863,670

$ 49,241,339

$ 222,618,790

$ 217,775,080

38,344

$3,230,686,368

$3,520,724,039

593,184

$ 689,434,419

$2,450,587,001 $1,240,158,882 $1,210,428,119 $ 179,667,683

39,196

$2,088,222,267

$ 491,938,857

1,669

$ 170,826,401 $ 47,047,246

8,573 1,498,431

CANADA'S FiVE-YEAR PROGRESS— Cont'd.

Telegraphs:

Wire Mileage Telephones :

Number

Wire Mileage Financial :

Revenue

1916-17. 1,600,564

604,136 206,575

.$ 232,701,294

Exp. (Cons. Fd.)-$ 148,599.343

Surplus $ 84,101,950

Net Debt $ 879,186,298

Banks :

No. Char, branches 3,306

Total Deposits ...$1,480,849,000

Clearings 12,552,822,000

Capital $ 111,637,755

Sav. Bk. Deposits. $ 42,583,479 Sav. Govt. banks.. $ 13,633,610

1920-21. 2,105,240

856,266 238,866

$ 451,366,029

$ 357,515,278

$ 93,790,751

(Dec. 31) $2,366,861,252

4,923

(Oct.,21) $1,816,974,475

(1921) $17,443,431,704

$ 129,468,700

$ 29,010,619

$ 10,150,353

CANADA'S SAVINGS.

Deposits in chartered banks (Oct., 1921) $1,816,974,475

In Postoffice savings banks (March 31, 1921) . 29,010,619

In Govt. savings banks (Mar. 31, 1921) 10,150,353

In Loan and Mortgage Co 's (est.) 28,000,000

$1,883,135,447

CUSTOMS RE Port. Halifax, N.S St. John, N.B Montreal, P.Q Quebec, P.Q Hamilton, Ont.	VENUE OF CHIEF 1 Fiscal Year 1920. $3,504,205 5,308,914 47,921,847 3,053,788 6 114 469	CITIES. Fiscal Year 1921. $3,221,248 4,358,175 47,102,590 4,772,693 6,506,815
London, Ont Ottawa, Ont	1,896,481 2,632 206	1,905,464 2,307,204
Toronto, Ont Windsor, Ont.	42,949,764 10 663 617	38.626,922 8,774,953
Winnipeg, Man Regina, Sask Calgary, Alta Edmonton, Alta	11,565,329 1,274,543 1,847,582 1 292 956	10,792,181 2,186,999 2,039,224 1,487.865
Vancouver, B.C Victoria. B.C. .	9,202,940 1,181,901	9,558,083 1,202,808

CANADA'S BIG TOTALS, 1921.

Field Crops value $ 931,863,670

Field Crops production (bush.) 1,269,737,041

Live Stock value 1,041,246,000

Live Stock (No.) 20,000,000

Wheat Crop, value 242,936,000

Exports— Vegetable Products 482,924,672

Exports— Animal Products 188,359,937

Dairy production 260,336,633

Automobiles (Number) 467,496

Motor Vehicles, values 500,000,000

Telephones (Number) 778,758

Vessels (Number) 8,573

Field Crop area, 1921 (acres) 59,643,704

Government revenue $ 451,366,029

Government estimates 604,983,050

Bank deposits (Oct., 1921) 1,798,071,304

Bank capital 129,468,700

Bank assets 2,806,827,591

Bank Branches (Number) 4,923

Savings of the people $1,883,135,447

Manufacture production $3,520,724,039

Mineral production 217,775,080

Fishery production 49,241,339

Forest production 222,618,700

Railway earnings 491,938,857

Mileage 39,196

Total Trade $2,450,587,000

Trade with United Kingdom 526,818,433

Trade with United States 1,398,499,787

Customs receipts 179,667,683

Immigration 148,447

Life Insurance effected, 1920 630,110,900

Fire Insurance at Risk 5,971,330,272

Water Power Resources (h.p.) 18,255,316

Water Power Development (h.p.) 2,470,580

Milling Plants production 262,000,000

Flour production (15 million bbls.) 105,000,000

Capacity of 3,855 elevators (bush.) 231,213,620

Tax Exemptions (nearly) $1,000,000,000

Coal Production (tons) 16,623,598

Fur Trade value 20,000,000

Fur Farms (value of animals) 4,722,905

Total Investments from Un. Kingdom(est.) $3,000,000,000

Total Investments from United States (est.) 500,000,000

Hydro-Eloctric dev. investment 475,000,000

Postal Revenue 24,449,910

Bond Issues 400,184,818

5

Canada, bushels'). 1921. ' 300,858,100 426 232 900	United States. 1921. 740,655,000 1 078 519 000
59,709,100 t 8,230,100	163,399,000 14,894 000
14,904,000 107,246,000	3,151,698,000 356 076 000
ts (tons) 268,000 ) .. 11,366,100	7,480,000 94,619,000

AGRICULTURE.

FIELD CEOPS YIELDS, 1921, CANADA AND U.S.

Grain

Wheat Oats . . Barley Buckwheat Corn . . . Potatoes Sugar Be Hay (tons)

PROGRESS SINCE 1867 — While Canada's population has trebled since Confederation, her field crops value has multiplied twelve times, and the annual wheat crop nearly twenty times.

CROP ACREAGE, 1921.— Total, 58,626,171, including: Wheat, 23,261,224; oats, 16,949,029; barley, 2,795,66.1; ry«, 1,842,498; hay and clover, 10,614,951.

FIELD CROPS VALUE.— 1921 (preliminary estimate'), $1,017,675,400; 1920, $1,455,244,050; 1919, $1,537,170,100. 1921 total includes: Wheat, $283,234,000; oats., $188,051,- 000; barley, $30,282,000; rye, $22,084,900; peas, $6,206,500; mixed grains, $11,263,000; corn, husking, $10,266,000; potatoes, $84,616,000; turnips, etc., $27,379,000; hay and clover, $269,457,000; fodder corn, $40,199,000; alfalfa, $12,866,000. 1921 shrinkage owing to low prices. 1921 production in bushels, 1,499,834,800; 1920, 1,250,468,850.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION.— 1920, $1,946,648,- 000, made up of field crops, $1,455,244,000; farm animals, $140,083,000; wool $5,321,000; dairy products, $256,000,- 000; fruits and vegetables, $40,000,000, and poultry and eggs, $50,000,000. Eggs exported, 1919-20, 6,000,528 doz., mostly to United Kingdom; imported, 5,977,480 dozen.

AGRICULTURAL WEALTH— Estimated at $7,379,- 299,000, in 1919, made up as follows: Agricultural pro- duction, $1,975,841,000 ; value of farm land, $2 792,299,000 ; buildings, $927,548,000; implements, $387,079,000; farm live stock, $1,296,602,000.

FARMS AND FARM VALUES— Canada had (1911 cen- sus), 711,681 farms. Average capital per farm, $9,356. in 1917, or $6,830,145,000. Average production value, $3,000. Canadian farms rose in value from $35 in 1915 to $48 in 1920. This accretion of $13 per acre in capital value in 5 years represents a substantial gain in assets. Farms report- ing in 1921,

AGRlCULTURE-Oontinued.

FIELD CROP AVEAEGES.— Wheat, 1921, 13.00 bush. per acre; 1920, 14.50. Oats, 1921, 25; 1920, 33.50. Barley, 1921, 21.25; 1920, 24.75. Eye, 1921, 11.75; 1920, 17.50.

AGRICULTUEAL IMPLEMENT INDUSTRY had, in 1918, 84 plants, 'employing 10,000. Capital invested, $74,- 410,603; production value, $34,853,673.

AREAS FIT FOR SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURE.— :S04,200,000 acres, viz.: P. E. I., 1,200,000; N. S., 5,000,000; N. B., 10,000,000; Que., 40,000,000; Out., 55,000,000; Man., 25,000,000; Sask., 72,000,000; Alta., 81,000,000; B. C., 1-V 000,000. Total, 304,200,000 acres.

CANADA'S FARM LANDS.— Of the 300 million acres fit for farming in Canada, one-third is in farm holdings; only 60,000,000 under crop; 240 million acres await the tractor and the man. Of the 178 million acres fit to farm in the 454,789,678 acres forming the land area of the Prairie Provinces, only 35,847,000 acres, or less than S per cent., were under cultivation in 1921.

PRIZE-WINNING— Western Canada holds all the world's records in wheat and oats for both quantity and quality. As high as 79 bushels of wheat and 120 of oats per acre have been grown. Canada has won most of first honors in these at international exhibitions. Canada won first apple prizes, London, Eng., in 1921, and also for Colonial Cheddar cheese in British Exhibition, 1921.

APPLES— Production, 1920, 3,404,340 barrels, worth $29,849,149, Nova Scotia leading with 1.160.000 barrels. Over 1,250,000 barrels of apples were exported in 1921 from Canada. 1921 production, V^.L'OO I''1'*-

FLOUR MILLING INDUSTRY.— Canada has 1,200 flour mills, with aggregate capacity of 300,000,000 bbls. a year. Home market of 8,000,000 bushels; capital invested, '$76,- 000,000 (seventh in Canada) ; production, 1920, $262,000,- 000; 1921 production, grain, year ending Aug. 31; 15,000,000 bbls., worth about $105,000,000 (half exported, half home consumption).

EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.— 20, viz., 1 each in P.E.I., X.B., and Ontario; 2 in N.S.; 4 in Que.; 2 in Man.; :t in Sask.; 2 in Alta.; 4 in B.C., in addition to 5 sub-stations and 2 tobacco stations.

LOSS BY INSECTS— Canada 's estimated annual loss, by Dominion Entomologist, to field, orchard and garden crops by destructive insects is estimated at $200,000,000. To this is to be added losses by forest insects, stored pro- duce insects, etc.

7

AGRICULTURE— WHEAT FAOTS.

WHEAT CROP VALUE.— 1921, final estimate, $242,936,000; with average price of 81 cents per bush.; 1920, $280,115,400, with average price of $1.62 per bush.;

1919, $457,722,000, with average price of $2.37 per bush. WHEAT EXPORTS— Crop year, 1920-21, 136,173,785

bushels (double that of 1919-20) ; also 6,866,560 barrels of wheat flour, representing total of wheat and flour of 167,163,305 bushels.

WHEAT OUR MOST IMPORTANT CEREAL CROP— It covers 36 per cent, of land in crops and 25 per cent, of value of all crops. Saskatchewan alone has more than half wheat acreage of Canada's, and Manitoba and Alberta three-fourths of balance.

WORLD WHEAT PRODUCTION— (Per U. S. Bureau of Markets): 20 countries, 1921, 2,787,000,000 bushels;

1920, 2,614,000,000 bush.; 5-year average, 1909-13, 2,791,- 000,000 bush. Of 1921 yield, U.S. led with 754,000,000 bush; France second, 322,000,000 bush; Canada third, 329,000,000; India, fourth, 250,000,000 bush.

WHEAT FACTS. — Canada has risen to second place among the wheat-growing countries of the world, and ' ' Cana- dian wheat leads the world. ' ' Nine-tenths of Canada 's wheat is grown in the North-west, Saskatchewan leading; not one-tenth of Canada's wheat lands are under -cultivation. Canada presents a higher average of wheat yield than the U. S., taken as a whole. Canada, 1921, 13.00 bush, per acre; U.S., 1919, 12.8. Canada's wheat crop, if placed in sacks, laid end to end, would form a line twice around the eartli at the equator. Canada, with a thirteenth of the population of the United States, grows a fourth as much as the U. S. wheat production. Canada's spring wheat crop is greater than that of the U. S.

AERONAUTICS.

AERONAUTICS IN CANADA.— The development of aerial transport means much to Canada, as this country is particularly adapted to the use of aircraft. Our vast undeveloped territory can be made easily accessible through the use of aircraft. As efficient commercial machines are developed, air routes will provide quick, safe and reliable means of rapid transport as an auxiliary to our great rail and waterway systems.

CANADA AIR BOARD.— Established in 1919; has three main functions: control of commercial aviation, civil government operations, and organization and admin- istration of the air defences of the country. It licenses aerodromes, machines and flying personnel.

Aeronautics.— Continued.

CANADIAN AIR FORCE.— Training done at Camp Borden, Ont. For year ending Sept. 30, 1921, 407 officers and 8.40 men received training there under the Air Board.

CIVIL GOVERNMENT FLYING.— 398 nights were made in fall of 1920, covering 33,612 miles, in conjunc- tion with forestry and fishery services. Air stations at Vancouver, Kamloops, B.C.( High River, Alta., Victoria Beach, Man., Sioux Lookout, Ont., Roberval, Que., and Dartmouth, N.S. During six months of 1921, 1,011 flights were made, covering 157,000 miles.

COMMERCIAL AVIATION has made considerable pro- gress. During 1920, 18,671 flights were made, and 6,505 machine-hours flown; 15,265 passengers and 6,740 pounds of freight were carried. In 1921, 22 commercial firms were operating over 60 machines. In addition to passen- ger-carrying and exhibition work a number of the indus- trial firms in the country are operating aircraft as auxiliaries to their normal work.

AREAS.

Canada is Britain's largest overseas Dominion — the Britain of the West.

Canada is bounded by three oceans; its 13,000 miles of coast line is nearly equal half circumference of earth.

Canada is 3,500 miles by 1,400 in area. The United States-Canada boundary line is 3,000 miles long; 1,600 by land, 1,400 through water.

Canada is larger in area than the United States, in- cluding Alaska, by 111,992 square miles (Canada, 3,729, 665; United States and Alaska, 3,617,673).

Canada has one-third of area of British Empire, and is as large as 30 United Kingdoms and 18 Germanys; twice the size of British India; almost as large as Europe; 18 times size of France; 33 of Italy.

In 1868, area of the 4 provinces forming Confedera- tion was 662,148 square miles; now Parliament exercises jurisdiction over 3,729,665 square miles in nine provinces and three territories.

Canada's land area (exclusive of Territories and Yukon, and excluding swamplands and forests) is 1,401,100,000 acres. Thirty-one per cent., or 440,000,000 is fit for culti- vation. Only 110,000,000 acres are occupied, and 60,000,- 000 acres, or less than 15 per cent., under cultivation.

Canada has continuous railway connection (excepting ferry across Canso Strait) from Sydney to Vancouver for 3,883 miles. Distance from Sydney to Dawson City, 5,383 miles.

AUTOMOBILES.

AUTOMOBILES.— Registration, 1907, 2,100; 1920, 402,029; 1921, 467,496, nearly doubled in 4 years. Canada's motor vehicles valued at $500,000,000. Canada holds second place in world in per capita possession of auto- mobiles, about one car to every 18 of population. 90,000 motor cars came from the U.S. into Canada in 1920.

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY.— Capital invested, 1919, $57,000,000 in 1,289 plants, mostly for repairs. 12,139 em- ployees; wages and salaries, $15,389,000; production value, $101,196,000; No. of cars turned out, 68,000. Exports of 21,128 cars and parts, 1920-21, $19,628,000.

CHARTERED BANKS.

Changes from Oct., 1921. Oct., 1920.

Reserve fund $ 135,067,554 $ +4,654,224

Note circulation 193,650,636 — 55,619,344

Demand deposits 565,650,636 —122,001,145

Notice deposits 1,251,323,839 -10,953,057

Total deposits in Canada 1,816,974,475 —141,953,057

Deposits outside CaJiada.... 284,254,860 — 55,700,373

Current coin '. 77,932,332 —1,891,144

Dominion notes 166,958,268 —11,963,623

Deposits central gold res 69,402,533 —49,800,000

Call loans in Canada 105,362,186 —7.773,716

Call loans outside 172,013,135 — 16^354,324

Current loans in Canada 1,243,748,818 — 161,652,409

Current loans outside 156,518,933 —27,230,724

Total liabilities 2,519,098,671 —349,417,519

Total assets 2,806,827,597 —348,773,971

CANADIAN CHARTERED BANKS.— Total of 4,923 branches, of which 4,720 are located in the Dominion. In Manitoba there are 334, Alberta 409, Saskatchewan 577, and British Columbia 249. Ontario 1,577, Quebec 1,240, X.S. 167, N.B. 125, P.E.I. 39. Total nearly doubled in 10 years. Bank clearings, 1921, $17,443,431,702; bank profits, $24,399,389. One bank branch for every 1,800 people.

BANK BRANCH INCREASES— Since the signing of the Armistice, 1,742 new branch offices have been opened by Canadian banks, and 214 closed, leaving the net increase 1,528. Canadian banks have over 4,700 branches at home,

Census.

(See pages following page 72 for new census facts.) 10

LEADING CANADIAN CITIES.

Main Facts re Chief Cities arranged alphabetically.)

AMHERST, N.S. — One of the chief towns in the Mari- times. Population, 12,000. Many big industries. The mother of the Canada Car & Foundry Co. plants. Only one in America which makes all that enters into a freight or other car. Excellent churches, schools, stores and homes. Active Board of Trade. Centre of agricultural area. Other important industries comprise boots and shoes, engines and boilers, tractors, enamelware, pianos, trunks and boxes.

BELLEVILLE, Ont.— Population over 12,000. Lar^ost cheese exporting centre in Ontario. Total imports, 1919-2!), $1,381,597. Osntre of fruit, dairying and mining districts. Served by 3 railroads. Divisional point of G.T.E. Govern- ment dock, splendid shipping facilities both by rail and water. Rolling mills, engineering and lock works. One of the finest cold storage plants in Canada. Provincial School for the Deaf, Albert College, Ontario Business College, St. Agnes School for girls.

BORDER CITIES.— Ford, Walkerville, Windsor, Sand- wich and Ojibway. Located at the most southern extremity of Canada ,on the world's greatest waterways, opposite Detroit. Have 160 operating industries, supporting a total population exceeding 65,000. Is Canada's automobile, heavy drug and chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing centre. Good location for industries, with unfailing labor supply. Beautiful home cities. Served by five trunk rail- ways, all connected by a terminal line which absorbs switching charges. Electric power and natural gas. Excep- tional educational facilities. Border Chamber of Commerce has over 1,000 members. Windsor bank clearings nearly doubled in a year. Assessment (Windsor), $56,692,- 150; population, 38,530; customs receipts, 1921, $8,774,95.°..

BROOKVILLE, Ont. — Named after Sir Isaac Brock. Population, 10,000. Assessment, over $6,000,000. Schools, 10, viz. : 6 public, 1 manual training, 1 domestic science, 1 collegiate institute, St. Alban 's School for Boys, 1 separate. School population exceeds 1,100; 6 banks; 9 churches. Centre of dairy industry; cheese sold by Dairymen's Board of Trade exceeds $3,000,000 annually. Several large indus- tries. Municipally owned: Gas, electric light, water and power plants.

BRANTFORD, Ont.— Named after Joseph Brant. Popu- lation, 31,362; 37,000 including suburbs; within 70-mile radius, 1,000,000; one of Canada's leading manufacturing cities. Fifth in importance among Canada's industrial centres. Fourth city exporting manufactured goods; 181

manufactories (in 1919), employing 8,115 persons. Annual wages, $8,222,896. Raw materials cost, $19,168,364. Value of products, $.-{5,163,913. Capital invested, $41,619,630. 75 lines of manufacture.

Agricultural implement centre of British Empire. Centre of rich area. 10 public schools, 2 separate schools, collegiate institute, and 2 technical schools; average attendance in all, 6,000. 46 churches and missions. Municipal utilities: Waterworks, Hydro-Electric, street railway (20 miles). Assessment, $26,342,000. A record of steady progress. Bank clearings, 1£20, $76,113,949; 18 branch banks. Two steam and three electric railways.

CALGARY, Alta. — Population, census 1921, 63,117. As- sessment, $73,978,589. Area, 401/. sq. miles. Waterworks: Mains, 207 miles; hydrants, 1,086. Streets: Paved, 62 miles; boulevards, 52. Police, 86. Firemen, 106; fire sta- tions, 9. Parks, 10; area, 577 acres; valuation, $2,193,028. Sewers: Miles, 207; connections, 9,231.

Schools: Public, 52; teachers, 319; pupils, 10,483; separ- ate, 8; teachers, 39; pupils, 1,109; 4 colleges and 3 business colleges; churches, and places of worship, 96; banks, in- cluding branches, 23; hotels, 27; bridges, 18; bank clear- ings, 1920, $433,073,277; customs receipts, 1921, $2,039,224; building permits, 1920, nearly $2,806,100; 296 industrial establishments in 1919; production value, $34,002,257.

CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I.— Capital of Province. As- sessment valuation, over $5,000,000. Population, 12,000. Spacious and safe harbor, ample water supply, modern side- walks, 8 chruches, 2 colleges, 4 public schools; 1 convent school, 2 business colleges.

CHATHAM, Ont. — Farming and fruitgrowing tr:He centre; county seat; on navigable Thames River, 45 miles east of Detroit; population, 16,000. Centre for sugar beet, growing and manufacturing, canned goods, automobiles, automotive products, machinery, pork packing, pickling; centre of Western Ontario gas fields. Assessment, $10,081,- 000. 104 industries, employing 2,624. Industries include flour mills, capacity 15,000 bbls. per day; car wheel, stove general foundries; woodworking plants; shipbuilding and and car-building plants; starch plant (largest in Canada),

EDMONTON. — Started in 1795 as a Hudson's Bay post; now Capital of Alberta; gateway to the Peace River coun- try; the City of Opportunity. Situated on North Saskatche- wan River. Wholesale, industrial, financial and educational centre for Central and Northern Alberta. Centre of fertile mixed farming country; f> railways with 13 radiating lines. Census population, 1921, 58,627, or 68,000 with surround- 12

ings. Board of Trade, 754 members. Assessment, $80,213,- 985. Assets, $32,000,000. Value of buildings in city, $50,000,000. University, high schools, 48 city schools, 50 churches, public golf links and playgrounds, modern hospi- tals, live stock centre; 3 meat packing plants; public stock- yards. Important dairy centre. Centre of great coal field; 4 mines operating within city limits; 30 others in vicinity. 100 wholesale houses, 23 banks, 291 industrial plants. City owns and operates its electric light and power distribution system, street railway, water system ,and telephone service. Bank clearings, 1920, $294,873,301. Customs receipts, 1921, $1,487,865. Live stock handled by packing plants and stock yards, 1920, 92,533 cattle, 133,800 hogs, 35,000 sheep. Manufacturing production, 1919, $31,419,757.

FORT WILLIAM.— (See also Port Arthur).— Founded as a trading post in 1669 ; to-day headquarters of the Board of Grain Commissioners for Canada and of the grain business of Canada. All grain harvested in Western Canada passes through it. Terminus of all traffic westward; point of origin of all traffic eastward on Great Lakes. Combined storage capacity of grain elevators at head of lakes greatest in Can- ada, second largest in world. Fort William has 23 grain elevators, with a storage capacity of 29,855,000 bushels; Port Arthur has 8, storage capacity 22,515,000 bushels. 137,000,000 bushels of wheat passed through them in 1920. Population, 20,000; 15 churches, 10 schools, collegiate in- stitute, 12 parks, City Hall, 3 fire halls, 2 hospitals, Court House, Public Library and Y.M.C.A.; 31 miles of street railway; telephone, light, water, sewage systems. Indus- tries include flour mills, capacity 15,000 bbls. per day; car wheel, stove and general foundries; woodworking plants, shipbuilding and car-building plants; starch plant (largest in Canada). Bank clearings, $48,000,000; manufacturing production, 1918, $23,487,689.

GALT, Ont. — Gross assessment, $12,811.615; taxable assessment, $10,759,285; exempt, $2,052,330. Population, 13,332. Area, 1,600 acres. 100 acres of parks, 80 indus- tries, including large machine shops, foundries, woollen fac- tories, shoe factories, sash and door factories, brass foun- dries, planer knives, etc. 7 schools, Collegiate Institute, Y.M.C.A., 9 churches. A city of homes and of long-estab- lished prosperity, in the centre of rich farming area. Im- ports, 1919-20, $6,842,599.

GUELPH. — The "Eoyal City of Canada," founded by the Canada Co. in 1827; created a city in 1879; population 20,500; has 129 manufacturing establishments, including 27 that came from U.S. Is a noted centre for gray iron cast- ings. Has 8 public schools; 3 separate schools; Collegiate 13

Institute; Loretto Acadaray and Ontario Agricultural Col- lege, maintained by the Ontario Government, with 2,500 students. Guelph owns its public utilities, including Elec- tric Light, Gas, Waterworks, Radial Eailway, and Guelph Junction Eailway; 1918 total net receipts from all these were $82,655.87. It is served by the Grand Trunk, Cana- dian Pacific Railways, 7 branch lines radiating from the city; and the Toronto Suburban Railway runs to Toronto. Assessment, 1920, $13,330,675. The Ontario Provincial Winter Pair is held annually in Guelph, the largest sheep and poultry show in Canada. The Ontario Sheep Breeders' Association gather the wool of the Province in Guelph every year, over one million pounds being received in 1920. City is the centre of one of the finest agricultural sections.

HALIFAX, N.S. — Largest city east of Quebec. Founded in 1749; incorporated 1842. Population, 1911, 46,000; now 75,000, including 10,000 in Dartmouth. Canada's chief Atlantic port and chief British naval station in North America. Protected by 11 forts. Has one of the largest dry-docks on Atlantic. Harbor ranks third in world for size, safety and beauty; covers area of 10 square miles, and deep water anchorage for 23 miles. $30,000,000 being spent on terminals and piers that will dock two-score of world s largest ships at one time. Transit sheds will be the largest in Canada. Port tonnage, 1920, 8,953,803. Manufactured products exceed $20,000,000 a year. Assessment valuation, nearly $50,000,000. Bank clearings, 1920, $254,677,402. Customs receipts, 1921, $3,221,248. Established first bank clearing house, first public ferry, first newspaper, etc., in Canada. 19 public schools, 4 colleges and university; first free technical college in Canada; 2 High Schools; 42 churches; finest public gardens in America. 1,000 new homes built for the Halifax (1917) disaster survivors.

HAMILTON.— The City Beautiful. A natural manu- facturing centre by reason of its peographical posi- tion at the head of Lake Ontario, its unexcelled shipping facilities by rail and water, cheap power, a woll- supplied labor market, two sources of electric power supply and competitive rates. Assessment, (128,480,960; population, 117,700; population of tributary terri- tory, 375,000; area, 7,143 acres; 22 parks; 543 streets; 23,500 houses. Assessment over $100,000,000. 33 banks; 8 steam and 4 electric railways; 3 public lib- raries; 83 churches; 53 public and separate schools; over 20,000 pupils; 1 normal school; 2 technical schools; 1 col- legiate institute; 33 banks; 113 police officers; 125 firemen; over 30 miles street railway; 168 miles of streets. Bank 14

clearings, 1920, $380,733,960. Customs receipts, 1921, $6,506,815.

Hamilton had, 1919, 740 industries; capital, $lt>5,300,:!99, employing 30,000; production value, $149,767,630, annu- ally. Chamber of Commerce has 1,160 members. More American capital invested in manufacturing than in any other Canadian city. 27 new industries secured in 1920 alone, represented capital of $7,000,000. 100 U. S. branches in all, with capital of $66,000,000, employing 12,000 ; wages, $16,500,1)00; production, $61,000,000. Hamilton has the largest Plow Works, Wire Fence Works, Agricultural Im- plement Works, manufacturers of Washing Machines and Wringers in the Britsh Empire, and among the largest Blast Furnaces, Steel Plants and Coke Oven Plants

Financial — Assessed value for taxation, $125,855,190; total debenture debt, $15,641,698; net, $8,698,632. Total assets, 23,621,502. Tax rate, 33y2 mills.

KINGSTON.— Assessment, over $16,000,000. Popula- tion, over 24,000. Water, light and power plants are municipally controlled. Leading educational centre: Queen's University, with largest enrolment in its history; Royal Military College, etc. Commercial advantages. Good water and rail connections. 7 banks. Centre cheese trade. Splendid harbor. Seats of two bishoprics. Large industries and first-class market. One of Canada's historic centres. Important lake port. Occupies site of Fort Frontenac built in 1673.

KITCHENER. — The city of homes. Population, 21,052. Assessment, $16,309,814; property taxable, $12,166,665; business tax, $2,076,213; income, $545,029; exempted properties, $1,502,532. School population, 3,099; public schools, 5; separate (E.G.) schools, 2; collegiate, 1; churches, 22; mill rate, 29% mills. Important industrial centre. Bank clearings, 1920, $61,600,500, increase of $13,- 000,000 in year.

LETHBRIDGE, A1U.— Gross assessment, 1920, $17,679,- ' 565; net taxable assessment, $12,468,930; census population, 1921, 11,055. Bank clearings, 1920, $45,989,987; Board of Trade members, 226. City conducted under commission gov- ernment, operating electric service and coal mine and street railway. Industrial, mining and commercial centre of Southern Alberta. Centre also of important irrigation schemes; 85 industrial establishments, 1919; production, $:i, 729.267.

LONDON. — Fourth city in Ontario; also, leading manu- facturing city, and commercial, financial, educational and ecclesiastical centre of Western Ontario. Shows steady 15

growth. Population, 65,685. Bank clearings, $192,157,969. 1,190 building permits, 1920, value, $2,146,305. 28 bank branches. Manufacturing output increased over 100 per cent, in ten years. 10,254 employed in 380 industries ; manu- facture over 70 distinct lines; production value, 1918, $39,- 104,056. School attendance, 11,500 in 25 public schools; 56 churches. City owned and operated railway to London's harbor on Lake Erie, Port Stanley. Assessment, $52,451,551 ; Census population, 1921, 9,575. Several large industries, exemptions, only $7,153,075. Assets, $10,114,494; net de- benture debt, $4,156,086. Chamber of Commerce member- ship, 825.

MEDICINE HAT, Alta.— Assessment, 1920, $11,646,270. Number of gas wells drilled by the city, 18; wells handed over to industries, 3 ; 18 ; wells handed over to industries, 3 ; 18 operated by city; length of mains, 22 miles; number of services, 2,535. Bank clearings, 1920, $21,927,687. 71 indus- trial establishments, 1919, production, $13,127,755.

MONTREAL.

METROPOLIS OF CANADA.— Fifth largest city iu America. Nearly 30 per cent, of Canada's export trade goes out from port of Montreal. Is the greatest distributing centre for nationally advertised goods in Canada, and for the largest output of manufactured products. Population of local trading area is 1,100,000.

AREA. — 32,155 acres; 10 x 9 miles; parks and squares, 56 in number, of 1,421 acres; 836 miles of streets; 267 miles of electric railway lines ( single track).

ASSESSMENT— Valuation, 1920, $890,969,143; exemp- tions, $227,436,969 (or $317 per capita). This latter sum includes $118,061,880 of Government property.

CIVIC REVENUE.— Available, 1922, $23,803,598.

CUSTOMS RECEIPTS, 1921, $47,102,590— highest in Canada. Bank clearings, 1921, $5,720,000,000.

HISTORY.— Once site of Indian village of Hochelaga, visited by Cartier in 1535. In 1611 Champlain established a trading-post — Place Royale. Founded by Maisonneuvc, 1641. Has three-quarters of total capital of all chartered banks in Canada.

INDUSTRIAL.— 1918, 2,375 establishments; capital, $468,401,481; employees, 157,878; wages, $110,196,219; production value, $552,114,605. Centre of boot and shoe, pulp and paper, textile, sugar refining, electrical appliance, clothing, paint, tobacco and cement industries in Canada.

POPULATION GROWTH: 1851, 57,715; 1861, 90,323; 1871, 107,225; 1881, 140,747; 1891, 211,302; 1901, 277,829; 1911, 523,377; 1916, 650,000; 1919, 700,000, without suburbs, 16

or nearly 775,000, including them; 1920, 840,000 (assess- ment estimate). Census estimate, 1920, of city, 607,063; of Montreal Island, 712,909. 75 per cent, of population of French-Canadian origin. Population increased three times since 1901.

SHIPPING. — During navigation season of 1921, 981 ves- sels docked, 564 in 1920. Increase of nearly 100 per cent, in ocean tonnage. 106,310 passengers carried from the port. Nearly twice as miu-h grain exported in 1921 (120 million bushels), as in best previous year, and more than total shipped from all Atlantic ports combined.

CANADA'S NATIONAL SEAPOET.— Head of inland waterways to Lake Superior, a distance of over 1,000 miles. Second largest port in North America, seventh in the world, and largest inland port in the world, on which $30,000,000 has been spent. Wharfage for 125 vessels. 1921 was greatest export season of port, including 35,000 head of cattle.

MOOSE JAW, Sa.sk.— The buckle of the greatest wheat belt in the world; '"the place where the white man found the Moose Jaw." Population (estimated), 22,000; assess- ment, gross, $26,216,295; assessment, taxable, $21,394,238; school population, 5.266; building permits, 10 months, 1919, .795; bank clearings, 1919, $86,447,626. Important shipping centre. 101 industries produced $18,000,000.

NELSON, B.C.— The City of Roses; in the heart of the Kootenay country; the clearing-house of Crow's Nest Pass and the Kootenays. Population, 6,500. Several industries, including mining and lumbering. 100 sawmills in district. Municipally owned franchises and revenue-producing utili- ties. In heart of rich agricultural and fruit area. Unlim- ited water-power. At convergence of three lake systems, with 8 rail and steamer routes; 130 Bd. of Trade members.

NIAGARA FALLS— Population, nearly 15,000. Assess- ment, 12,500,000. Important industrial centre, with cheap power and fine shipping facilities. Manufacturing produc- ! tion, 1918, $18,406,805; 3,048 employees. Home of great powvr plants. A city of homes, schools and churches. His- toric centre of the Niagara peninsula. A million visitors a year.

OTTAWA. — The Capital of Canada, ''The Washington of the North." Civic waterworks and electric light and power systems; 26.000 houses, 84 public buildings, 24 public schools, 9.700 pupils, and :::', separate schools with 9,000 pupils: 3 high schools, 1 university, and 10 colleges, Na- tional Museum, 67 churches, 13 convents, 22 charitable institutions, 24 hospitals and asylums, 119 wholesale houses, 192 industries, 20 Government buildings, 13 parks, 9 steam 17

railways entering the city, 8 water transport lines, 59 miles of paved streets, 47 miles electric street railway, 38 banks and branches, 22,000 telephones in use; over 100 insurance companies represented; 161 miles of streets; 238 Board of Trade members; 90 policemen; 147 firemen; over 12,000 Government employees.

Population, 110,708; city directory population, with sub- urbs, 143,402; Hull, 23,867. Assessment, $164,707,177; customs revenue, 1921, $2,307,204. Bank clearings, 1920, $515,006,228.

OWEN SOUND, Out. — Canada's newest city. Popula- tion, 12,218. Property values and taxable incomes in- creased more than 20 per cent, in year. Important port on Lake Huron; fine churches, schools, library, market, etc.; surrounded by rich farming country. Many successful industries.

PETERBOROUGH, Ont. — Assessment, $19,299,565; popu- lation, 22,000 ; with suburbs, 26,000 ; 10 public schools. Col- legiate Institute, and Provincial Normal School, Public Library, Conservatory of Music, Business College; fine churches, 9 banks. Bank clearings, 1920, $50,639,788. Im- ports, 1919-20, $8,868,845. City owns waterworks, and hydro-electric power and light developed within the city; large park; complete fire protection equipment; extensive sewer system; electric railway; 60 factories. Population increased by 63 per cent, per the last census. Cheap hydro- electric power and excellent shipping facilities; attractive summer resorts and sporting facilities. Board of Trade, 340 members. Has world's highest hydraulic lift lock. Manufacturing production, 1918, $27,504,683.

PORT ARTHUR, Ont. — (See also Fort William.) — One of the "Twin Cities" at the head of deep water lake navi- gation, with fine natural harbor. Assessment over $27,000,- 000. Population, 16,000. Good public and separate schools. Model and Collegiate. World's capacity for elevators; 31 in the Twin Cities; capacity, 52,000,000 bushels, 370,000,000 bushels of grain have passed through the Twin Cities ele- vators in one year. Big Dry Dock and Ship Building plant; blast furnace; lumber mills, etc. Two pulp mills in opera- tion, one other organizing. Unlimited water-power; 75,000 h.p. developed; 30,000 h.p. in machinery installed. City owns and operates municipal franchises. Dominion Signal and Wireless Station. Shipbuilding, fine fishing and hunt- ing. Dominion and Ontario Government each maintain a fish hatchery. Judicial centre for Thunder Bay District. Connected with Duluth and points in U. S. by one of finest scenic highways in Canada. No hay fever. 18

PRINCE RUPERT. — 436 miles nearer Orient than any other Pacific port. Population, 8,000. Assessment (1922), $17,138,492. Single Tax. City owns telephone, water, and electric light systems. Five schools, including High School, with accommodation for 1,100. Greatest fishing port on Pacific Coast. 20,000-ton drydock; largest cold storage plant on Pacific Coast, with magnificent harbor, ranking third in world harbors. Natural distributing point for Northern British Columbia and Alaska. G.T.P. terminus.

QUEBEC. — One of Canada's important sea and river ports, and the cradle of Canadian history; founded in 1608 by Champlain. Population, 110,500; or tributary territory, 155,000. City valuation, $116,045,071 for 1921. Quebec Bridge, now completed, largest of its type in the world. City growing steadily; 3 transcontinental railway lines. 10,212 buildings. Bank clearings, 1920, $367,195,501. Cus- toms receipts, 1921, $4,772,693. City surplus, $20,459. Manufacturing production, 1918, $38,265,277. 83o indus- tries and workships, employing 18,500. 96 miles of streets. 9 steam railways, 26 miles of street railway; 47 banks, 41 churches, 26 hospitals and refuges; 66 public schools, 21 private schools and business colleges; 19,019 pupils. Harbor has 30 miles frontage, accommodating 22 ocean vessels.

REGINA, Sask. — The Capital and largest city in Prov- ince; founded in 1882; incorporated in 1903. 357 miles west of Winnipeg. Divisional point on main railway, with 12 radiating lines; principal distributing point for Middle West. Largest distribution of farm implements fronr this centre, $25,000,000 in a year. 146 industries, 1919 ; value of products, $12,651,063. Plants include flour mills, sashes and doors and soap factories, foundries, machine shops, cement blocks and pressed brick works, elevators, wire and steel works, tanneries, aearted waters, cigars. 114 whole- sale houses; 360 retail; 15 manufacturing plants. Popula- tion, 1903, 3,00; 1921, 40,000; 14th city in Dominion. Building permits, 1920, $2,597,920. Bank clearings, 1920, $231,070,268, nearly doubled in 5 years. 13 public schools; 7,000 pupils; 28 churches. City operates light and water system, street railway and stock yards. Complete sewerage system. Best paved city in Canada for its size. 257 acres in parks. Has model industrial and warehouse area, served with pavements, sewers, water, electric power lines, strret railway and spur track system.

SASKATOON, Sask.— Population, 30,000. Wholesale

distributing, commercial, financial and educational centre

for Central and Northern Saskatchewan, on 3 railways.

Government elevator, capacity 3,500,000. 16' miles of

19

municipal street railway. Municipal electric light, power and water system. University of Saskatchewan, Agricul- tural College and College Farm; Presbyterian TliQological College ; Normal School ; 2 planing mills ; iron foundry ; bottling works; cold storage; butter and ice cream making and milk pasteurizing plant; poultry killing station. Bank clearings, 1921, $100,523,291. 1,200 university students. Public and High School attendance, 1921, 5,380. Customs revenue, over a million. 157 industries, 1919; value of products, $10,812,765.

SAUI/T STE. MARIE. — Population, now including Steel- ton, 22,000. Assessment, $20,000,000. Centre of several great industries (steel, pulp and paper, etc.), including the "Clergue" ones. Great inland port. Soo Canal lock one of the largest in world. Soo canals 'have greater traffic three times over than Suez Canal. City is centre of rich mining, timber and farm region. Manufacturing production, 1918, $44,556,426, employing 4,154. On the great water- way to Lake Superior and center of fishing and hunting.

SHERBROOKE, Que.— The Electric City of the East. Population, 25,000; total valuation, $25,132,824 (trebled in 7 years) ; assessable, $19,091,574; non-assessable, $6,041,250. Assets: Municipal waterworks, $714,434; gas plant, $342,- 031; electricity plants, $1,789,462; city real estate, $3,032,- 250 ; sinking funds, $573,088. Total, $6,451,266. . Revenue from municipal public utilities, $421,824,22. Large educa- tional and industrial centre. More water-power than any city in the world, with 8 hydro-electric powers. Chief city in Eastern Townships. Bank clearings, 1920, $64,046,860. 600 members of Board of Trade. 16 schools, 5 hospitals, 14 banks, 60 industries, with annual production value of over $.30,000,000.

ST. JOHN, N.B. — Canada's chief winter shipping port. Total trade, 1920-21, $113,995,039, viz.: Exports, $81,138,- ()(Ki; imports, $32,857,033. Grain exports, 1920-21, 10,638,- 339 bushels; worth $19,347,117.

Vessels entering port, 1920-21, 2,594; tonnage, 1,436,927. 15 ocean berths; 28,000 passengers entered port, Nov., 1920— March, 1921. Lumber exports, 1920, to U.S., $4,- 861,220. Bank clearings, 1920, $176,293,846; customs re- ceipts, 1920-21, $5,358,175; manufacturing production, 1918, $28,247,037.

Census population, 1911, 42,511; now estimated, 60,000; 44 churches, 780 acres of parks, 18 public schools; assess- ment, $1,613,545. City growing rapidly; new residential areas being developed. New dry-dock, 1,150 feet long, under construction, largest in world. 20

SYDNEY, N.S.— The Pittsburg of Canada. Population, 1921, 22,527. Including 12-mile radius, and tows of Glace Bay, New Waterford, Dominion, North Sydney and Sydney Mines, over 75,000. Centre of Canada's greatest iron ami steel and most important coal mining industries. Estab- lished coal companies enlarging and number of new ones opening. "Finest harbor in the world." — Robert Dollar. Largest shipping tonnage of the Dominion's Atlantic sea- ports. Government ocean terminals and dry-docking plant projected for 1921, involving outlay of over $3,500,000. Best market centre of Eastern Canada. Excellent educa- tional facilities. Industrial and mining outlay in prospect for 1921-1922, $20,000,000 to $30,000,000. General predic- tion that within comparatively few years Sydney will be the biggest east of Montreal.

STRATFORD, Ont.— Industrial centre of 18,871; beauti- fully situated on the River Avon and Provincial Highway. Divisional R. R. point. 16 churches, collegiate institute, Provincial Normal School, two business colleges, 6 public and 1 Separate school, manual training, social science school, a public library, Chamber of Commerce, Y.M.C.A., Y.W.C.A., 125 acres of park, and all civic utilities. Industries in- clude locomotive repair shops (about 1,200 employees), 8 furniture factories, woolen mill, 3 knitting factories, thresh- ing machines, pork packing, clothing, brass goods, art calendars, felt goods, flax mills, electric appliances and flour mill machinery, brooms and brushes, etc. 99 per cent, of labor is British; 85 per cent, of families are home-owners. Assessment, $15,941,518; manufactured products in 1920, over $13,000,000. Hydro-electric power is extensively used; water supply is purest in the province. Motor equipped fire department. Imports, 1919-20, $3,410,333.

SIT. CATHARINES. — Population, 21,000. Assessment, $19,481,885. Centre of finest fruit land in Ontario; 60,000 h.p. plant adjoining city limits; power from Niagara Falls, 12 miles distant; 28 miles of paved streets, and nearly every street has sidewalks and sewers; 3 miles from Lake Ontario; good street car service to any point in the Niagara District; 148 industrial establishments, 1918; production, $22,610,388.

TORONTO.

TORONTO (from an Indian word meaning "a place of meeting"), founded as a French trading post, 1749, "Fort Rouille. ' ' Land on which it stands was sold by Mississauga Indians in 1787 to Crown for $85. Chosen as provincial Capital by Simcoe in 1792. Incorporated as city, 1834, with 9,000 population.

21

TORONTO.-Continued

Assessment for 1922, $723,696,521; 1921, $697,418,435. In 1901 only $128,271,583; 1911, $306,751,673— increase of 483 per cent, in 20 years, and 121 per cent, in 10- years. Doubled since 1912; trebled since 1909; quadrupled since 1906. Exemptions, $98,271,202. Tax rate, 33 mills. Esti- mated revenue from taxes, 1921, $32,690,040.

Area, 32 square miles, or 7 x 10 miles at farthest points.

Toronto has the world's largest annual Exhibition, with attendance now of well over a million.

Fire department, 634 officers and men; police force, 750.

Board of Trade has 2,687 members.

Bank clearings (2nd in Dominion), 1921, $5,104,000,000.

Building permits, 1920, $25,784,732, in 7,378 permits; 8,574 new buildings. Promise of big increase in 1922. A city of homes — 88,488 in 1920, 54 per cent, owner-occupied.

100,000 telephones, or one to every five of population, 800,000 calls on a busy day.

Customs revenue, 1921, $38,626,922.

Civic gross budget, 1920, $53,602,525 ; gross funded debt, $103,000,000; $202 per capita; net, $75,452,881, $147 per capita. Assets over $150,000,000. Value of city property, $50,108,661.

Toronto is Canada's greatest live stock market. Turn- over of $70,000,000 in 1920.

Harbor Development Scheme. — Will cost $37,000,000 (including Dom. Govt. work). Toronto will then have finest harbor on the Great Lakes. 900 acres of new park property is being made.

Manufacturing Statistics. — No. of establishments, 1919, 3,200; capital invested, $412,449,242; number of employees, 98,945; salaries and wages (annual), $55,000,000; value of products, $511,648,448.

Toronto has 531 miles of streets and 140 of lanes, 709 of sidewalks, 70 parks and playgrounds, 81 Homes and hos- pitals, over 100 public schools, 10 high schools, 34 separate schools, Technical and Commercial High School; nearly 2,500 teachers in all schools; 100,000 pupils in public and separate schools, and High, Technical and Commerce Schools ; 32 colleges, 13 libraries, 8 public hospitals.

Population has practically doubled every 15 years since incorporation. In 1834, 9,254; 1844, 18,420; 1874, 67,995; 1384, 105,211; 1905, 238,642; 1910, 325,302; 1919, 499,278; 1921, assessment estimate, 522,666. Now 12th city on con- tinent in population; 61st among world cities.

Vital Statistics, 1920, 15,020 births (1919, 11,684); 7,632 deaths (1919, 5,694); marriages, 1920, 8,000 (1919, 7,264). Excess of births over deaths in 5 years, 31,796. 22

VANCOUVER, B.C.— Canada's portal city; the gateway to the Orient, and the chief deep-sea all-the-year port on the Pacific. Second finest harbor in the world; 80 miles of water frontage; .40 of anchorage; two new piers being built at cost of $6,000,000 each; 85 churches and missions; school enrolment, 18,966; 554 teachers. Assessment, $210,- 593,965. Population, 124,734, with suburbs 220,000 (15,000 Orientals). Bank clearings, 1920, $867,901,614 —increase of $213,000,000 in year. Receipts from customs, inland revenue, 1921, $12,137,032; increase of over a million in a year. Building permits, 1920, $3,709,873.

23 parks, of 1,415 acres, including Stanley Park, of 1,000. Average rainfall, 60 inches. Death rate, 10 years, only 10.65.

A'ancouver is in an enviable position with a future of commercial and national importance in her many natural advantages, and at the hands of her progressive people. With the expansion of the Canadian west, she should ex- perience a corresponding development as their port of out- let, a growth the extent of which is shown in her history.

826 industrial establishments in 1919; capital, $68,784,- 691; 18,161 employees; value of products, $88,104,138.

VICTORIA, B.C. — The City of Sunshine and "the pivotal trade point of the Pacific." One of the healthiest cities in the world, and one of the most beautiful, possessing an unequalled temperate climate. Average temperature, 50.2. Average of 6.2 hours of bright sunshine for every day in year. Death rate 13.5 per 1,000. Birth rate 33.3" per 1,000. Average rainfall only 27.01 inches.

Victoria has more mileage of paved streets and boule- vards than any city of its size in Canada. Second largest port In Canada, according to tonnage; $4,300,000 being spent on great dry-dock.

Intimated population, 55,000. Assessment, $83,59.",,:.:M. Bank clearings, 1920, $145,707,146. Building permits, 1920, $1,277,277, more than doubled in year; 270 industries; value of products, $23,286,473; customs receipts, 1921, $1,202,808.

Canada's great 72-inch reflecting telescope, near Victoria, B.C., is the second largest in the world.

WELLAND, Ont. — Claims largest per capita growth in past 19 years. Population, 10,000. Welland is in the zone of the Welland Ship Canal, destined to be the workshop of the Dominion. Assessment, nearly $8,000,000. Important industrial centre. Abundant electrical energy and natural gas supply. 7 lines of railway. Centre of many branch Am- erican industries — 13 out of 18. 23

WINNIPEG

The name Winnipeg has its origin in the Indian Cree name given to the lake 40 miles north, meaning "Win," muddy, "nipee," water.

Third largest city in Canada. Holding the keys to Can- ada's western trade. America's greatest primary grain centre and the financial, commercial and manufacturing city of the West. Selkirk settlers occupied its site in 1812. Hudson Bay trading post of Fort Garry, in 1870, with population of 215; 1,869 when incorporated as city in 1873; 1921 census, 178,364; Greater Winnipeg, 282,000.

Schools, 63; 772 teachers; attendance, 33,924; value of buildings, sites, etc., $7,200,000.

31 parks of 674 acres; 120 miles of boulevards. City has playgrounds, baths, and comfort stations; 112 miles of street railway. Passengers carried, 1920, 65,750,000.

Municipal Ownership — Of power-works, waterworks plant, street lighting, stone quarry, asphalt plant, etc. Cheapest power and electric light in America. 500,000 continuous hydro-electric horsepower on Winnipeg Iliver assures supply for all time to come. A $16,000,000 aque- duct, with daily capacity of 100,000,000 gallons, brings water from 100 miles.

Winnipeg has five railroad systems and 27 branches. First railway in 1878. C.P.R. yard, largest in the world belonging to one corporation. Over 7,000 railway em- ployees.

Winnipeg Manufacturers' Association third largest in Canada. Board of Trade membership, 1,560.

Winnipeg is an important manufacturing centre. 870 industries in 1919, employing 23,175; value of products, $119,836,108. 71 different enterprises started in 1921, with capital of $1,000,000.

Customs receipts — 1920-21, $10,792,181, third in Canada.

WOODSTOCK, Ont. — Assessment, $6,359,243. City owns and operates waterworks and electric light and power plant, both utilities being well managed. Principal factory of Canada Furniture Manufacturers. Up-to-date schools and collegiate institute; Woodstock Baptist College. City is well drained and healthy. Railway and shipping facilities unsurpassed. Population, 10,333. Two industries bcinjr established. City is putting down new intrrcnpting sewer and installing a sewage disposal plant at a cost of $150,000. Kennedy Car Liner and Bag Company started business here in 1920.

24

CLIMATE.

	Min. Max.	Mean Sunshine
	(1918)	(loyrs.) (Mean)
B. C. (Victoria)	23.2 82.8	50.3 1822
Alberta (Edmonton)..	43.0 94.0	36.7 2081
Sask. (Battleford) . . .	46.0 98.0	34.4 2101
Man. (Winnipeg) ....	36.9 94.1	34.9 2178
Ontario (Toronto)....	20.2 102.2	45.5 2048
Quo. (Montreal)	24.5 91.6	38.7 1762
N.B. (Fredericton) . .	28.0 92.0	40.5 1978
N.S. (Halifax)	12.6 86.7	44.3
P.E.I. (Charlottetown)	16.0 84.0	42.0 1896

COMPANIES INCORPORATED.

COMPANIES INCORPOEATED.— Under Dominion char- ters, fiscal year ending March 31, 1920, 991, with total capi- talization, $603,210,850, mostly representing foreign capital, as against 512 companies and capital of $214,326,000 in 1919. 88 companies increased capital stock by $85,187,750. Above figures do not include provincial company incorpora- tions. Capital of new companies incorporated, all Canada, 11 mos., 1921, $778,173,149.

CRIMINAL STATISTICS.

CONVICTIONS— Year ending Sept. 30. 1920, 162,708, increase of 25 per cent, over 1919, 5% per cent, in 1919 over 1918; 1920 increase mostly non-indictable minor offences.

CRIMINAL CASES— 23,213 charges, 18,443 corfvictions ; decrease of 2.3 per cent, in juvenile crime.

DAIRYING.

PRODUCTION — Canada is steadily increasing as a dairy- ing country. Production value, 1920, $260,336,633, of which $146,336,491 came from factories (a new record), including $56,250,000 of dairy butter, and $57,750,142 milk apart from deliveries to factories, condensed milk $17,160,111.

FACTORIES— 1920, 3,161, viz., 1,045 creameries, 1,683 cheese, 405 butter and cheese, 28 condenseries. Production, $145,336,491 came from factories (a new record).

CHEESE — Canada ranks fourth in world production,

CREAMERY BUTTER— Production, 111,691,718 Ibs.; value, $63,625,203. Condenseries production, 53,980,993 Ibs.; value, $10,217,803.

COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSES— Canada has 322 (for dairy products, meat and fish). Capacity, 33,247,774 cubic feet. Railways have 6,022 refrigerator cars. 25

HISTORICAL — First Canadian cheese factory, in 1864, in Ontario; first creamery for buttermaking, 1873, in. Quebec; first milk condensing plant, 1883, in Nova Scotia.

IMPOETS AND EXPORTS OF DAIRY PRODUCTS.— For 12 months ended December 31, 1920, quantity of but- ter exported, 13,361,020 pounds; of cheese, 142,767,545 pounds; of milk and cream prepared, 52,035,783 pounds; of milk, fresh, 1,689,377 gallons; and of fresh cream, 1,276, 792 gallons. Total values of exports, $58,345,022. Quan- tities of butter imported, 1,104,625 pounds, and of cheese, 479,934 pounds. Heavy increase, 1921, in exports of dairy produce from Montreal, including 1,441,779 boxes cheese.

EDUCATIONAL.

HISTORICAL. — First Canadian school opened at Quebec in 1632. Grammar schools founded in Upper Canada in 1807, common schools in 1816.

UNIVERSITIES.— 22 in 1919; teaching staff, 2,&98; stu- dents, 28,486; value of endowments, $20,712,171; of land and buildings, $26,086,358; assets, $56,830,727; income, $7,039,089; expenditures, $6,542, 212. Toronto University enrolment, 1921-2, over 5,000; MeGill, over 3,000; Queen's, 1,800 ; Alberta and Saskatchewan, nearly 3,000.

COLLEGES.— 40 in 1919; teaching staff, 584; students, 10,902.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION.— 60 000 pupils, June 30, 1920. .

EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE.— 1919: on public schools, $72,992,667 ($64,100,556 by ratepayers, $8,595.111 by governments). Increase of over 500 per cent, in 10 years. Average annual cost of enrolled pupil, $35.06.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 1919.— Pupils attend- ing, 1,873,899, including 1,689,590 in public schools, 57,424 in technical and vocational public schools; 5,901 in normal schools, 7,711 in Quebec classical colleges; 9,141 in affiliated and professional colleges; 22,187 in universities; 1,344 blind and deaf mutes; 23,649 in private business colleges, and 51,743 in private schools.

PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS.— 1919: 53,456 (45,249 female, 8,043 male) ; percentage of enrolment of pupils in attendance, 67.83.

CARNEGIE CORPORATION has given over $3,000,000 in aid of over 150 Canadian public libraries.

BUSINESS COLLEGES.— 1919-20: 103; pupils, 23.649; instructors, 512.

ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT. WATER POWER (Available and Developed).

Available 24-hr, power

at 80% efficiency. Province. At ordinary At est. flow for Turbine

British Columbia . . . Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba	min. flow n h.p. 1,931,142 475,281 513,481 3,270,491 4 950 300	lax. dev. (De- ] pendable for 6 mos) h.p. 5,103,460 1,137,505 1,087,756 5,769,444 6 808 190	[installation h.p. 304,535 32,492 83,447 1 052 048
Quebec	6,915,244	11,640,052	925,972
New Brunswick .... Nova Scotia Prince Ed'd Island. Yukon and N.W. Ter.	50,406 20,751 3,000 125,220	120,807 128,264 5,270 275,250	21,180 35,774 1,933 13,199

18,255,316 32,075,998 2,470,580

Canada has the greatest per capita water power develop- ment of any country in the world (0.26 h.p.), excepting Norway (0.54 h.p.); U.S. (0.07 h.p.).

HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN 1920.— Represented 500,000 h.p. of installed capacity, based on their initial installation and not their ultimate designed capacity.

CANADA'S WATER POWER RESOURCES— Canada has developed only 13 per cent, of her available water- power of nearly 20,000,000. Iler water-power resources are one of her richest assets, and the high tension trans- mission of electric energy is one of the most important factors in her present day development. Only surpassed by Norway m h.p. development per 1,000 of population.

ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY.— No country in the world excels Canada in its electrical development opportunities, or in the potential wealth of its undeveloped water powers, less than 13 per cent, of which has been harnessed for industrial use. From the Chippewa and St. Lawrence projects an addi- tional 2,000,000 h.p. may be drawn. To-day in proportion to population Canada ranks first among the countries of the world in having adapted electricity to commercial and indus- trial uses. It is estimated that the development of the elec- trical industry throughout its several branches will result in the expenditure of not less than $100,0^0,000 per year for the next three years.

27

ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT Con

PROJECTS UNDER WAY.— Practically every great Canadian industrial centre is served with hydro-electrical energy. Canada has hydro-eleetrie projects under way for ultimate development of 3,000,000 horse-power. 2,470,580 horse-power is at present installed, of which Ontario and Quebec have 81 per cent.

St. LAWRENCE DEEP WATERWAYS SYSTEMS.— (a) Single power development plan, submitted by Cana- dian and United States Government engineers, provides for dams and powerhouses at the Long Sault, estimated to produce 1,500,000 h.p. at $159,000,000. (b) Double power development plan, including two series of dams and power- houses at Long Sault and lesser concentration at Morris- burg, estimated to produce 100,000 h.p. in excess of Gov- ernment plan. Length of canalization, 33 miles, of water- way (Prescott to Montreal), 120 miles. Estimated total cost, $252.000,000.

HYDRO DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT.— Water- power now developed in Canada represents investment of $475,000,000. In 1940, should the rate of growth in instal- lation during the past 15 years be continued, this invest- ment will have grown to over $1,000,000,000. The present development represents an annual equivalent of 18,500,000 tons of coal, which, valued at $8 per ton, represents $148,- 000,000. In the year 1940 these annual figures will, with the foregoing assumption, have become 42,000,000 tons and $336,000,000.

CANADIAN ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT— as at January 1st, 1920, 805 central electric stations! 44.5% com- mercial, 55.5% municipal. Horse-power developed, 1,907,- 135; 9,656 employed; capital invested, $416,512,010. Total revenue from sale of power, $57,858,392; total operating expenses, $34,341,923.

QUEENSTON-CHIPPAWA DEVELOPMENT of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission utilizes almost entire drop between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario of 305 feet. Water is conveyed by a canal over 12 miles long from Niagara river at Chippawa to Queenston, at foot of rapids. Power house will contain the largest turbines and generators in the world, each of former of 55,000 h.p. capacity, coupled to generator of equivalent size. Five of these units are being installed and provision made for final installation of 10, providing ultimate capacity of from 500,000 to 600,000 h.p. more than that of existing plants at Falls. First power developed December 28, 1921. Total cost estimated at $85,000,000.

ELECTRICAL DEVELOPMENT -Cor».

ONTARIO HYDRO-ELECTRIC SYSTEM— A co-oper- ative municipal plant for supplying light and energy to consumers at cost. Largest public ownership undertaking in the world, with over 200 municipalities co-operating. Value of 10 systems and 21 hydraulic plants operated by the Commission, together with transforming stations and transmission lines, $56,000,000. Value of distribution plants, $27,000,000. Land, buildings and all assets repre- sent total investment of about $200,000.000. 1920 earn- ings of about $9,707,000 provided for operation and main- tenance and left surplus of $703,000. Present output of system about 400,000 h.p., equal to annual coal value in steam plants of average efficiency of $35,000,000.

NIAGARA FALLS FACTS.— Available electrical power based on total consumption of water at Falls, 10,700,000 h.p. Cost of development on Canadian side, $25,000,000. Cubic feet of water per second, 280,000. Proportion of this in Horseshoe Fall, 90 per cent. Total cubic feet auth- orized for use to date, 78,000. International Treaty allows to Canada diversion of 36,000 cubic feet of water per second; 30,000 used at present, leaving 6,000 available at Queenston. That is, 180,000 h.p. can be generated at Queen- ston without reducing by 1 h.p. the production of exist- ing plants at the Falls.

FINANCIAL.

DOMINION REVENUE— 1920-21 (ordinary), $434,386,- 536; expenditure (ordinary, $361,118,145.

WAR LOANS. — Canada"'s war loan subscriptions totalled $3,017,292,069.

NATIONAL WEALTH.— 1918, $17,000,000,000, or about $2,000 per capita. National income, 1918, $2,500,000,000, or about $295 per capita.

DOMINION ESTIMATES, 1921-22.— Consolidated fund, $358,225,256; on capital account, $246,758,394. Total, $604,983,650. Chief items are: interest on public debt, $140,613,163; investments, $210,487,633; pensions, $31,817,624; post-office, $29,294,911; soldiers' civil re- establishment, $20,533,000; public works, $13,209,806; subsidies to provinces, $11,490,860; civil government, $10,901,474.

CANADA'S LIABILITIES.— Canada's federal liabili- ties, or net debt, estimated by Census Bureau at $2.273.- 881,806, and Provincial debts $323,025,054 (outside of indirect liabilities and guarantees). Debts of municipali- ties to be added. Net public debt, $2,366,861,252. 29

FINANOIAI — Continued.

THE WORLD'S RICHEST MAN is the Canadian, with nearly 2 billions on deposit in banks and loan companies, or $225 per capita; only $55 before the War.

BOND SALES.— 1921, $400,184,818. Canada took half; U.S. $182,056,559; U.K. $16,581,320. 1920, $318,832,081; 32.82 per cent, placed in Canada; 67.18 per cent, in U. S.

BUSINESS FAILURES— 1921, 2,348; 1920, 998; 1919, '626. 1921 liabilities, $49,999,321.

INCREASE OF GOVERNMENT EXPENSES— Domin- ion Government expenses, 1920-21, for ordinary purposes, were 181 per cent, more than in 1914, and Provincial Gov- ernment expenditures, in fiscal years ending in 1920, 56 per cent, more than in 1919.

U. S. INVESTMENTS IN CANADA— Estimated, in 1920, at $1,272,850,000; chief items being branch indus- tries, $150,000,000; bonds, $714,000,000; insurance co. in- vestments, $94,276.000; in British Columbia mills and mines, $197,000,000; prairie provinces land, $41,000,000, etc.

U. S. INVESTMENTS IN CANADA.— Estimated value during 1920, $320,000,000. Total yields annual interest return of $90,000,000. U.S. bond sales, 1921, $182,056,559.

WORLD'S NATIONAL DEBTS— In 1921 were nearly ten times as much as at the beginning of the war, viz., 382,634 millions in 1921, 43,362 millions in 1913. Canada rose from $483,000,000 to $2, 345,000,000.

GOLD EXPORTS. — Canada's gold exports to United States, 1915-1921, $1,523,400,000.

TRUST COMPANIES.— Canada has 60. Assets, $750,- 000,000, including capital of $47,000,000. ' CANADA'S INTEREST BILL.— Estimated at $180,000,- 000 annually on money borrowed in other countries.

DOMINION INCOME TAX.— Collections, 1920-21, $46,- 381,806 (based on assessments 1917-1920), from 194,257. 24,483 merchants paid $7,689,521; 2,377 manufacturers, $8,217,730; 19,366 professionals, $2,642,585; 16,652 farmers, $611,735; 111,621 employees, $11,301,805. Rest of tax- payers, 18,858, $11,823,563.

TAX EXEMPTIONS— $995,534,588 for all Canada, in- cluding $285,012,422 in Ontario and $460,249,686 in Quebec.

EXPRESS STATISTICS.— 1920 : Capital of 5 companies, $4,918,800; gross receipts, $30,512,504; operating expenses, $16,120,880; express privileges, $16,009,460; net operating revenue (Dr.), $5,617,836. Salaries and wages, $11,772,206. Operating mileage, 60,912. 3.694 express offices. 30

FISHERIES.

CANADA 'S SEA FISHERIES are among the greatest in the world, comprising 12,500 miles of indented coastline on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans prolific with edible fish, and also 200,000 square miles of interior fresh waters, or more than half of the fresh water of the globe. The fertility of Canadian waters is indicated by the fact that the entire catch of salmon, lobsters, herring, mackerel, and sardines, nearly all the haddock, and many of the cod, hake, and pollock landed are taken within ten or twelve miles from shore.

PRODUCTION.— 1920, $49,241,339 (decrease of $7,267,- 140 in year, owing to decline in prices). In 1879, only $13,529,254. British Columbia came first, 1920, $22,329,161 ; Maritime Provinces, $18,881,067. Salmon leads in value, $15,595,970; lobsters, $7,152,455; cod, $6,270,171; halibut, $4,535,188; herring, $3,337,738; whitefish, nearly $2,000,000.

EMPLOYEES.— 1920: 75,646, viz., 57,197 in primary operations and 18,449 in fish canning and curing establish- ments.

FISH CANNING.— Canada has 940 fish canning and curing establishments, fish hatcheries and ponds. Dominion hatcheries distribute annually over a billion eggs and fry, placing back in the water the equivalent of 985,024,250 fish.

CAPITAL.— Total, 1920, $50,405,478, viz., $29,893,213 in primary operations, and $20,512,265 in fish canning and curing. ^

WHALING.— 1920 eatch, 430, at 3 Vancouver Island whaling stations, by 10 vessels. Aggregate revenue, nearly $1,000 each.

FORESTRY (Including Pulp and Paper.)

FORESTS — Canada has the third largest forest re- sources in the world, with approximate area of 900,000 sq. miles; Russia first; United States second.

PRODUCTION— Canada ranks second in list of world's lumber producing countries, about 4 billion feet b.m. annually. Value, 1919, from 3,410 plants, $222,648,790, including sawn lumber, $129,041,688; shingles, $13,524,346; lath, $2,157,758; pulpwood, $14,085,376.

CAPITAL— Invested, 1919, $231,203,247; 73,480 employed in mills and woods; salaries and wages, $60,999,020.

ESTIMATED SUPPLY — Of commercial timber, between 500 and 800 billion feet, b.m., and from 8 million to 1 billion tons of pulpwood. 45 principal commercial woods. 31

FORESTRY-Con.

FOEEST FIEES — Canada has sacrificed two-thirds of her original timber to forest fires. Annual timber wastage, from fire, decay, windfalls and floods, estimated at nearly 2% billion cubic feet, or 5 per cent, of standing merchantable saw timber.

FOEEST EESEEVES — Canada's 39 Dominion Forest re- serves, with an area of 34,644 square miles in the four West- ern provinces, are among the largest in the world, includ- ing practically the entire eastern slopes of the Eockies. Manitoba has 3,729 sq. m.; Saskatchewan, 9,302 sq.m.; Al- berta, 18,929 sq. m., and British Columbia, 2,683 sq. m.

TIMBEE PEODUCTION BY PEOVINCES— Quebec, $61,493,919; Ontario, $60,565,554; B.C., $60,440,773; N.B., $26,713,403; N.S., $8,331,824; Sask., $1,913,847; Manitoba, $1,497,486; Alberta, $1,393,183; P.E.I., $286,121. PULP AMD PAPBR.

HISTOEICAL — Paper-making began in Canada in 180:1 at St. Andrew's, Que.; wood pulp first used for paper- making, 1867; first sulphate pulp produced on American continent, East Angus, Que., 1907.

PEODUCTION.— Canada is the second largest pro- ducer of pulp and paper products in the world. Produc- tion, 1920, $163,127,988, viz., wood-pulp, $76,383,978; paper, $86,744,010. 31,298 employed. Salaries and wages, $45,253,892.

SUPEEMACY — Canada excels in possession of extensive pulpwood reserves, capable, by reasonable exploitation, of being made inexhaustible; largest and most economically convertable water-powers; largest ground-wood mill, lo- cated at Three Eivers, Que.; largest single newsprint mill, operating world's largest paper machines (232-inch width), located at Iroquois Falls, Ont.; fastest running newsprint machines (1,050 feet a minute), located at Grand Mere, Que.; widest tissue paper machine, located at Merritton, Ont.

PULPWOOD EESOUECES — (Government estimate) — Quebec, 155,000,000 cords; New Brunswick, 26,000,000 cords; Ontario, 100,000,000 cords; Nova Scotia, 25,000,000 cords; British Columbia, 255,000,000 cords; Prairie Prov- inces, 85,000,000 cords. Total, 646,000,000 cords. Canada consumes, approximately, 3,000,000 cords of pulpwood wood yearly, and exports 1,000,000 cords additional to the United States.

EXPOETS (1920-21)— Paper, $92,103,307; chemical pulp, $55,060,219; mechanically ground pulp, $16,491,818. 32

PULP AND PAPER -Continued

Total, $163,655,344. Imports — Paper (other than books and printed matter), $13,636,399; pulp, $3,148,046.

PBODUCTION (1919 census)— Pulp: Ground-wood, 300,- 205 tons, $8.976,579; sulphite fibre, 124,550 tons, $9,839,172. Totals, 788,753 tons, $48,127,177. Paper: Newsprint, 794,- 561 tons, $54,427,879; book and writing paper, 58,228 tons, $12,571,000; wrapping, 58,697, $7,979,418; other paper products, 40,065 tons,. $3,882,500; other products, $3,610,- 070; totals, 951,557 tons, $82,470,867.

Wood pulp produced, 1920, 1,960,102 tons, valued at $141,552,862; 2,777,422 cords of pulpwood used, at cost of $45,404,889.

MAXIMUM PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY— Wood pulp— Ground-wood, 407,300 tons; sulphite, all grades, 469,096 tons; kraft, 148,400 tons; total, 1,024,796 tons. Paper- Newsprint, 1,000,000 tons; fine papers, 58,228 tons; wrap- pings, 58,697 tons; boards, 137,678 tons; other papers, 40,- 065 tons; total, 1,294,668. Total annual maximum tonnage capacity, 2,319,464 tons.

MILLS IN OPERATION— 1920 : 100, comprising 40 pulp mills, 27 pulp and paper mills and 33 paper mills, distributed as follows: British Columbia — 4 pulp mills, 2 pulp and paper mills; total, 6. Ontario — 7 pulp mills, 1-1 pulp and paper mills, 17 paper mills; total, 37. Quebec — LS pulp mills, 12 pulp and paper mills, 16 paper mills; total 46. New Brunswick — 5 pulp mills. Nova Scotia — 6 pulp mills. CAPITAL INVESTED— $347,553,333 ; distributed by provinces as follows: British Columbia, $36,782,030; On- tr rio, $109,169,591; Quebec, $176,347,349; New Brunswick, il 9,306,351; Nova Scotia, $5,948,012.

FUR INDUSTRY.

FUR TRADE — Canada's resource in fur-bearing animals is becoming increasingly important — 3,000,000 pelts, worth over $20,000,000, were taken in 1919-20.

FUR FARMS.— One of the most recent of Canadian indus- tries, carried on in every province. Canada had, 1920, 587 fur farms, mostly fox, more than half in P.E.I. Value of land and buildings, $1,202,591; value of 16,527 fur-bearing animals, $4,722,905. First fur auction, in Montreal, 1920, realized over $1,000,000. Fur exports increased from $1,800,000 in 1915 to $13,800,000 in 1919. "Persian" lamb fur is now produced in Canada, from Karakul sheep.

Canada's first reindeer ranch has been started on Baffin Island under directorship of V. Stefannson. Lapps will be used.

39

IMMIGRATION.

ARRIVALS, 1913-1921.

Fiscal Year Ending March 31,

British. '13-. 150,542

From Other U.S.A. Countries. Total 112,881 402,432

139,009

1914 142,622 107,530 134,726 384,878

1915 43,276 59,779 41,734 144,789

1916 8,664 36,937 2,936 48,537

61,389 71,314 40,715 49,656 48,059

1917 1918 1919 1920 1921

5,703 4,582 7,073 8,377 26,156

75,374

79,074

57,702

117,336

148,477

8,282 3,178 9,194 59,603

74,262

ESTIMATED IMMIGRATION — 1921-22, 100,000.

TOTAL IMMIGRATION, 1900 to 1921, 3,576,311, viz., 1,323,531 were British; United States, 1,366,508; Conti- nental, 887,272; 57 countries represented.

DISTRIBUTION, 1920-21: To Ontario, 61,963; to Que- bec, 19,813 ; to Manitoba, 13,013 ; to Saskatchewan, 13,643 ; to Alberta, 18,484; to British Columbia, 14,136; to Mari- time Provinces, 6,315; to Yukon, 105. They came from 64 different countries. 98,636 of the total entered by way of ocean ports.

U. S. IMMIGRATION INTO CANADA— In last 25 years, 1,398,527 entered Canada from U. S. 16,177 of 1920 U. S. immigrants declared intention of going on the land. They brought with them an average of $372, or total of nearly $6,000,000.

REJECTIONS.— In 10-year period, 1911-21, of total of 1,064,738 immigrants of all nationalities entering Canada via ocean ports, only one-half of one per cent., or 6,646, were rejected. Of the 638,464 British arrivals, only 1,115 were rejected, or 17-100ths of one per cent. — a striking tribute to the high quality attracted to Canada. Rejec- tions at ocean ports, 1920, 21,953; deportations after hav- ing been admitted, 1,044.

NATURALIZATION— 1920-21: 10,507, representing 42 nationalities, including 3,953 Americans, 1,697 Poles, 1,505 Russians, 577 Roumanians, 443 Swedes, 357 Norwegians, 214 Germans, 213 Italians, 212 Greeks, and smaller num- bers "from 33 other countries.

JUVENILE IMMIGRATION— 1920-21, 1,426, viz.: 1,080 boys, 346 girls, from 11 British societies or agencies. 19,841 applications were received for them. The Depart- 34

ment of Immigration and Colonization has 1,665 under inspection in Canada.

BAENAEDO BOYS.— 25,000 have been sent to Canada from England, worth $125,000,000 on a valuation of $5,000 each. 6,000 of them enlisted in the war; 531 killed.

ORIENTALS.— 2,435 Chinese entered Canada 1920-21 885 paying head tax of $500 and 1,550 exempt. Total entered, in 9 years, 1912-13 to 1920-21, 22,777 ; 19,763 pay- ing head tax of $10,361,072; 3,014 exempt. Estimated Chinese in Canada, 40,000.

Japanese arrivals, 1920-21, 532 ; average for 10 years pre- ceding, 719. 107 Hindoos arrived in 10 years.

INDIANS.

INDIAN FACTS.— Indian population, 105,998, on 1,625 reserves; 38,101 buildings on same. More than 4,000 enlisted in the War out of 15,000 of military age. Indian donations in cash to war funds, $44,545. 339 Indian schools have enrolment of 12,196 pupils. Eskimos, 3,296.

LANDS UNDEK CROP.— 221,800 acres by Indians. Pro- duced, 1920-21, over two million bushels of grain and roots. Production value, $3,577,000. Indian reserve lands worth $52,000,000) buildings, $5,100,000. Value per capita of Indians' real and persoiial property, $682. Indian trust fund, $11,458,660.

INSURANCE.

The following figures late to the insurance business of companies licensed by the Dominion Government:

PIEE — 152 companies (43 Canadian, 46 British, 63 for- eign). Policies, new and renewed, taken in 1920, $6,790,- 670,610, viz.: Canadian companies, $1,500,412,316; British, $2,991,753,701; foreign, $2;298,504,593. Net premiums, $50,527,937. Let losses paid, $21,935,387. Net amount at risk, 1920, $5,969.872,278. Net premiums received (1869- 1920), $608,488,906. Losses paid, $346,595,041.

LIFE — 56 cofpanies (25 Canadian, 15 British and Colon- ial, 16 foreign). Policies taken in 1920 made a record, $630,110,900, viz.: Canadian, $387,519,766; British, $14,976,038; foreign, $227,615,096. Net claims paid, $25,718,078.

Total life insurance in effect, $2,657,025,493, viz.: Cana- dian companies, $1,664,348,605; foreign, $915,793.,798; Brit- ish, $76,883,090. Premium income: Canadian, $57,205,082; foreign, $30,236,866; British, $2,776,099.

Insurance other than fire and life: Premiums, $22,927,- 620.

35

INSURANCE-Con

The total assets of Canadian Life Insurance Companies amounted at Dec. 31, 1920, to $420,018,399, and the assets in Canada of British and Colonial and Foreign Insurance Companies to $166,593,889. Fraternal Benefit Societies have assets amounting to $57,052,508.

FRATERNAL BENEFIT SOCIETIES— Canadian Soci- eties— Premiums paid by members, $2,691,826. Death benefits paid, $1,847,591; matured endowments, old age and other benefits paid, $876,134. Amount in force at Dec. 31, 1920, $137,057,828. Sickness and funeral premiums, $467,410. Claims paid, $450,349.

Foreign Societies — Premiums paid by members, $1,044,- 996. Death benefits paid, $900,493; matured endowments, old age and other benefits paid, $28,606. Amount in force Dec. 31, 1920, $65,700,477. Sickness and funeral premiums, $39,317. Claims paid, $37,867.

FIRE LOSSES— In the year 1921 there were 19/473 fires reported to the Department of Insurance, with a total loss of approximately $31,480,570. On the basis of an estimated population of 9,000,000 persons, this amounts to $3.50 per capita, or nearly $14 per family. In Great Britain, fire losses in 1921 amounted to $37,000,000, or 74c per capita.

IRRIGATION.

WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS— 325 domestic, municipal and other water supply projects have been constructed, or are now under construction, with 350 industrial projects, chiefly railway water supplies. In addition, 650 small irri- gation projects have been constructed, irrigating 105,388 acrer

C. P. R. SYSTEMS— 4,200 miles of irrigation ditches; irrigated area of 743,520 acres, developed at cost of over $17,000,000, subdivided as follows: Western section: Area irrigated, 223526 acres; miles of ditches, 1,500; cost, $4,- 599,209.00. Eastern Section: Area irrigated, 400,000 acres; ditches, 2,500 miles, cost, $10,092,500.00. Lethbridge Sec- tion: Area irrigated, 130,000 acres; ditches, 200 miles; cost, $1,754,150.00.

LABOR.

ORGANIZED LABOR in Canada had, at end of 1920, 373,842 members, out of 600,000 Canadian workers, 267,247 being affiliated with international organizations.

TRADES AND LABOR CONGRESS membership, as reported at the close of the fiscal year 1920, stood at 173,463, comprised in 1,939 local branch unions. Of the total mem-

LABOR-Con.

bership, 150,318 were derived from 56 international organ- izations, which had affiliated their total Canadian member- ship, comprised in 1,669 local branches.

GOVEENMENT EMPLOYMENT OFFICES made 420,036 placements, fiscal year 1920-21 (340,297 to perma- - nent positions), at cost of $467,000.

BEANCH UNIONS.— Canada had at end of 1920, 2,918 branch unions of all classes, increase of 71 in year, 2,455 having international affiliation, with 267,247 members; 259 non-international, with 25,406 members; 30 independent units, with 31,189 members; National and Catholic, 124 branches, with 45,000 members; and One Big Union units, 50, with 5,000 members.

STRIKES AND SETTLEMENTS.— Canada had, during the calendar year 1920, 285 strikes and lockouts. These dis- putes involved approximately 1,272 employers and 52,150 employees, resulting in time less of 886,754 working days. Of total of 285, 66 were settled in favor of employees, 125 in favor of employers, 69 were compromise settlements, 25 were indefinite or unterminated at end of fiscal year.

LIVE STOCK.

1918. 1919. 1920. 1921.

Horses 3,609,257 3,667,369 3,400,352 3,813,921

Milch cows 3,538,600 3,548,437 3,504,692 3,736,832

Other cattle . . . 6,507,267 6,536,574 6,067,504 6,469,373

Sheep 3,052,748 3,421,958 3,720,783 3,675,860

Swine 4,289,682 4,040,070 3,516,678 3,904,895

NUMBEE AND VALUE.— Total live stock, as on June 15, 1920, 20,210,009, worth $1,041.246,000, viz., 3,400,352 horses, worth $361,328,000; 9,572,196 cattle, worth $561,- 500,000; 3,720,783 sheep, worth $37,263,000; 3,516,678 swine, $30,683,000. Poultry, 1921, 37,182,117.

EXPOETS. — Animals and their products, 1920-1, $266,- 037,489.

LIVE CATTLE SHIPMENTS.— 1919, 546,490; 1920, 315,179, chiefly to U.S.

DEAD MEAT INDUSTEY.— Canada had, 1919, 82 meat- packing plants and abattoirs. Capital, $93,363,791 ; em- ployees, 13,222; production value, $229,231,000.

FAEM POULTEY.— 1920 : worth $37,016,000, viz., turkeys, $3,225,000; geese, $2,131,100; ducks, $976,900; other fowls, worth $81,155,000.

37

MANUFACTURING : CHIEF INDUSTRIES.

Industry.

Establish- ments. No.

Flour & grst mill protlus. 1,255 Slaughtering & meat pkg. 82

Log products 3,410

Pulp and paper 99

Butter and cheese 3,258

Sugar, refined 8

Building & construction. 1,475

Capital.

76,411,423 93,363,791 231,203,247 275,767,364 21,959,213 38,725,542 45,011,116

Eoll'g mills & steel furn's 41 88,106,635 Shipbuilding and repairs 78 70,854,028

Cottons 27 58,732,941

Fdry. & mach. shop prod. 731 100,606,542

Automobiles 11 34,949,739

Boots and shoes 161 38,680,581

Cars and car works 10 59,070,604

Electric light and power 805 416,512,010 Bubber gds., inch fottw'r 32 42,787,594

Car repair shops 152

Bread & oth. bak'ry prod. 1,690 22,558,093 Biscuits and confection'y 325 28,908,317

Smelting 14 66,038,681

Clothing, men's factory. 145 27,293,401 Plumb'g, heat'g, tinsmth. 1,963 31,258,215 Leather, tanned, etc. ... 113 34,623,567 Tobacco, cigars, cig'ttes 114 24,749,250 Hosiery and knit goods. . 114 34,149,593 Clothing, wom's factory. 231 23,343,671

Petroleum 10 43,158,655

Printing and publishing. 858 35,886,918 Agricultural implements. 88 84.331,715

Lumber products ". 733 39,144,039

Electrical apparatus 95 45,956,399

Fish, preserved 928 23,200,874

Woolen goods 77 21,717,226.

Printing and bookbinding 640 22,099,455 Furniture & uphol'd gods. 270 24,400,099

Pig iron 9 35,766,836

Boilers and engines 64 31,277,375

Clothing, men's custom.. 1,523 11,335,745 Furnishing goods, men's. 88 15,087,269 Hats, caps and furs 208 14,553,814

Products.

$

262,786,759 233,936,913 222,652,070 139,986,457 119,316,569 102,630,086 94,495,222 89,229,144 86,489,715 82,642,949 81,710.215 80,619,846 63,579,035 59,962,319 57,486,458 56,003,434 52,245,570 52,318,484 52,238,131 51,626,816 47,780,306 47,009,238 46,925,933 46,133,303 45,207,292 44,381.117 43,256',317 40,153,814 37,715.331 37,074,414 34,187,658 32,172.753 28,082,977 26,176,133 25,16^.305 24,965,092 24,708,143 22,718,620 21,236,715 20,790,334

Totals for 40 industries. 21,935 2,433,581,577 2,737,797,985

Totals for all industries. 38,344 3,230,686,368 3,520,724,039

38

MANUFACTURING.

PEINCIPAL STATISTICS OF INDUSTEY.

1919 1918 Increase or

Statistics. (Preliminary) Decrease.

Establish., No... 38,344 35,915 2,547

Capital invested.$3,230,686,368 $3,034,301,915 $196,384,453 Emp. on Sal., No. 88,316 75,221 13,095

Salaries paid 130,855,202 107,573,074 23,282,128

Emp. on wgs.,No. 593,184 603,116 9,932

Wages paid .... 558,579,217 522,287,570 36,291,647 Cost of M'tls... 1,875,577,799 1,900,252,314 24,674,515 Value of prod's. 3,520,724,039 3,458,036,975 62,687,064

CAPITAL AND PRODUCTS BY PEOVINCES, J918.

Establish

Provinces. ments.

CANADA 38,344

Capital. $3,230,686,368 66,673,667 268,419,281 111,535,665 89,958,882 131,914,231 1,583,161,271 2,867,035 936,712,125 35,869,588 3,574,623

Value of Products. $3,520,724,039 94,855,759 243,060,276 153,003,614 100,005,605 140,125,095 1,737,536,546 6,869,584 988,574,723 59,752,486 189,144

Alberta 1,379

British Columbia . . 2,064

Manitoba 1,622

Neww Brunswick . . 1,439 Nova Scotia ..I... 2,249

Ontario 16,438

Prince Edw. Isld.. . 539

Quebec 11,061

Saskatchewan .... 1,534 Yukon 19

CANADIAN MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION has 4,252 members; 740 west of the Great Lakes. Ontario leads with 2,256, or more than half; Quebec, 980; Maritimes, 276.

AMERICAN BEANCH FACTORIES IN CANADA— Estimated at 550, employing 90,000; invested capital, $400,000,000. Originally their number was between 650 and 700, but many are now controlled by Canadians, and represent only Canadian capital.

MARINE AND CANAL.

CANADA AS A MAEITIME NATION— Canada ranks seventh among maritime nations; thirteenth in 1916; third 70 years ago. Employs over 44,000 men and boys.

CANADIAN GOVERNMENT MEECHANT MAEINE— 66 ships in the service, operating between Canada and all the great world ports.

CANAL SYSTEMS— Canada has 17 canal systems of 458 miles, with 158 locks. The 100 miles of actual canals cost over 100 millions.

CANAL TEAFFIC, 1920.— 8,735,383 tons of freight (de- crease of 1,259,883 over 1919). 46.87 per cent, was of Canadian origin ; 53.13 United States.

MARINE AND OANAL— Con.

CANADA'S FLEET— 8,573 vessels; part steam, part sailing. Tonnage, 1,498,431 gross. New tonnage built in 1919, 127,938.

WELLAND CANAL— New Welland Ship Canal (third con- necting Lakes Erie and Ontario) will be 25 milesjong, with 7 locks, for vessels 800 feet long, and 80 feet wide, and carrying 30 feet of water — an undertaking second only to the Panama Canal. 1921 tonnage, 3,076,906 in 3,750 boats.

WATEB TRANSPORTATION— Deep-sea vessels can travel into the heart of Canada for over 2,000 miles from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the head of Lake Superior. Boats drawing 30 feet of water can cover the first 1,000 miles to Montreal, while those drawing 14 feet and not" ex- ceeding 255 feet in length can go for another 1,200 miles.

SAULT STE. MAEIE CANAL LOCK is one of the great canal locks in the world, being 800 feet long, 60, feet wide, depth of water 21 feet. Tonnage passed through all Sault canal locks, 1919, was four times greater than Suez.

CANADA'S NEW NAVY— Presented by Great Britain, consists of the cruiser Aurora, and two destroyers, the Patriot and Patricia.

SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING INDUSTRY, 1919—78 shipbuilding plants ; capital, $70,854,028 ; employees, 25,429 ; wages and salaries, $29,836,848. Production value, $86,- 489,713; 229 vessels completed or in course of construction, gross tonnage, 236,034. 99 boat-building plants; capital, $1,260,663; employees, 834; wages and salaries, $920,441. Production value, $1,964,423.

NEW TONNAGE IN 1920— Gross tonnage built in 1920 was 204,635 tons, representing 351 vessels of one kind and another. Vessels built and registered in Canada during 1920 numbered 329, of which 121 were sailing vessels, 53 wooden steam vessels, 119 wooden gas vessels, 35 steam metal vessels and one gas metal vessel. Steam metal vessels accounted for 120,127 tons; wooden sailing vessels, 22,758; steam wooden vessels, 12,829 tons; gas wooden vessels, 3,495 tons; gas metal vessels, 116 tons — a total of 159,325 gas tons.

NAVY SCHOOL.— Canada has established "His Ma- jesty's Canadian Youths' Training Establishment" for tha training of boys for rating in the Canadian Navy — the first school of its kind in Canada. 40

QUANTITIES AN] DUCED IN CAN./ 1920. Description. Chief Metallic. Cobalt, Ib Copper, Ib	MININC D VALUES LDA, CALEN 1919. Value. $ 1,325,928 14,028,265 15,850,423 899,406 3,053,037 17,817,953 17,802,474 2,362,448	3. OF MINEEALS PBO- DAE YEAES 1919 AND 1920. Quantity. Value. 593,920 $ 1,484,800 81,155,360 14,166,479 766,912 15,853,478 75,869 2,066,997 33,985,974 3,803,346' 61,136,493 24,454,597 12,793,541 12,908,683 40,166,200 3,081,149
Gold, fine, oz Iron, pig, from Can. ore, ton Lead, Ib
Nickel Ib
Silver, fine Zinc
Total . . ./.... Chief Non-Metallic Arsenic, tons Asbestos, tons
73,262,793 509,924 10,909,452 • 65,917 54,413,349 86,231 97,837 100 221 60,516 1,215,287 328,465 273,788 4,176,037 6,561 736,324 522,704 527,635 1,397,929	2,408 167,731 20,956 16,623,598 36,856 11,229 2,227 2,319 429,144 13,378 2,150 16,961,284 3,900 196,937 174,744 127,995 210,211	77,236,370 313,575 13,677,841 57,601 76,32«,853 274,075 260,4-46 173,537 78,136 1,876,595 512,756 368,297 4,225,887 15,600 821,545 751,009 466,621 1,547,879
Asbestic, tons
Coal
Feldspar, tons Fluorspar, tons Graphite, tons Grindstones, tons . . Gypsum, tons Magnesite, ton.- Mica, tons
Nat. Gas, M. cu. ft. Peat, tons
Petroleum, brl Pyrites, ton
Quart/, ton Salt, ton
Total value Structural Materials Clay Products . ...
$76,002,087 and 27,421,570		$102,353,862 38,184,848

Grand Total $176,686,390 $217,775,080

CANADA'S MINEEAL WEALTH.— Canada is one of the richest countries in the world in her latent mineral wealth, nature having with bountiful hand made these gifts of a wide diversity, only as yet slightly explored, compris- ing almost all known minerals. 41

MINING-Con.

EECOED YEAR. — 1920 production was highest on re- cord— 23.3 per cent, over 1919 — was due to non-metallic development.

GENERAL MINING FACTS.— Canada produces 85 per cent, of the world's nickel requirements; 30 per cent, of output refined in Canada. The Kimberley, B.C., zinc-lead mine is one of most important in world. Canada possesses the only commercial source of helium in the Empire. Per capita mining production, 1888, $2.67; 1918, $24.59.

MINERAL PRODUCTION BY PROVINCES, 1920.— Ontario, $78,749,178 (36.16 per cent.); British Columbia, $38,044,916 (17.41 p.c.) ; Alberta, $33,721,898 (15.49 p.c.) ; Nova Scotia, $30,187,533 (13.86 p.e.) ; Quebec, $27,722,502 (12.73 p.m.); Manitoba, $3,900,207; New Brunswick, $2,225,261; Saskatchewan, $1,711,580; Yukon, $1,512,006.

CANADA PRODUCES, with only 5 per cent, of the world's population, 90 per cent, of its cobalt; 88 per cent. of its asbestos; 85 per cent, of its nickel; 32 per cent, of its pulpwood; 20 per cent, of its lumber; 20 per cent, of its cured fish; 18 per cent, of its oats; 15 per cent, of its potatoes; 12 per cent, of its silver; 11% per cent of its wheat; 11 per cent, of its barley; 4 per cent, of its gold; 4. per cent, of its copper.

COAL FACTS. — Canada has vast coal reserves of 1,360,- 535,000,000 tons (1910 estimate)— second country in point of supply. Canada has the only two coal regions on sea coasts of North America. The bituminous coal of Nova Scotia is estimated to last 700 years; that of Vancouver Island has been successfully operated since 1860. Canada's coal production, 1920, highest on record. Coal constitutes the greater portion of mineral production of Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Canada imported 14,481,844 tons of bituminous coal from U. S. in 1920.

COAL PRODUCTION, 1920, 19 per cent, increase over

1919. Alberta led with 6,700,000 tons (64 p.c.); Nova Scotia, second, with 6,500,000 tons (37.8 p.c.) Imports,

1920, 20,000,000 tons, worth $83,000,00; exports, 2,670,000 tons, worth $18,800,000. Total coal consumption, 1920, 33,807,966 tons.

PETROLEUM.— 10 refineries in Canada, 1918. Capital, $35,745,410. Wage-earners, 2,938. Production value, $37,- 866,907. Used 262,641,149 gallons crude oil; 250,882,965 imported; 12,258,184 from Canadian wells — all worth $2o,- 708,658. Extensive oil drilling, in the Arctic region, gives promise of a future important development. World pro- duction, 1920, 694,850,000 bbls., 197,000 in Canada. 42

NATIONAL PARKS.

AREA. — Canada lias 15 national parks, with area of 9,099 sq. miles, or nearly 6,000,000 acres, including some of the largest in the world.

ALBERTA.— Rocky Mountains Park, 2,751 sq. miles; Jasper Park, 4,400 sq. miles; Buffalo Park, 158 sq. miles; Waterton Lakes Park, 129 sq. miles; Elk Island Park, 16 sq. miles; Foremost Antelope Park, 9 sq. miles.

BRITISH COLUMBIA. — Yoho Park, 476 sq. miles; Glac- ier Park, 468 sq. miles; Revelstoke Park, 100 sq. miles; Koo- tenay Park, 587 sq. miles.

NEW BRUNSWICK.— Fort Howe, 19 acres. NOVA SCOTIA.— Fort Anne, 30 acres.

ONTARIO. — St. Lawrence Islands Parks, 140 acres; Point Pelee Park, 4 sq. miles; Border Park, 17.

There are in addition several Provincial Parks, and 35,000 square miles of Dominion Forest Reserves.

POST OFFICES.

NUMBER.— Canada had 12,251 post offices on Manch 31, 1920; only 3,638 in 1867. 187 new post offices were opened in 1920, and 226 closed owing to rural delivery extension.

FINANCIAL. — Postage stamps and cards sold, 1920, $26,317,194; 5,106 money order offices issued $159.224,936 in 9,947,017 orders; 5,830,118 postal notes paid of $12,122,720.

RURAL MAIL DELIVERY.— Canada had, end of 1920, 3,737 rural mail delivery routes, serving 189,081 rural mail boxes.

REVENUE.— Revenue (including war tax), 1919-20, $24,449,916; expenditure, $20,774,385.

P.O. SAVINGS BANKS.— Balance at credit of depositor*, March 31, 1921, $29,010,610; in government savings banks, $10,150,353.

ANNUITIES.— Number in force, Dec., 1921, 5,203; total receipts, $5,332,031.

ELEOTRIO RAILWAYS.

ELECTRIC RAILWAYS— 1920, 66 lines reported 1,669 miles of road. Capitalization, $170,826,404. 17341 em- ployees; wages, $24,235,932. Fare passengers carried, 804,711,333; 2,691,150 tons of freight carried. Operating revenue, $47,047,246; operating expenses, $37,242,483; net surplus, $9,804,762. After paying taxes, interest, divi- dends, etc., deficit of $2,421,286. 41 railways showed deficits, and 25 surpluses.

43

CANADA'S NINE PROVINCES

ALBERTA.

AGRICULTURE FACTS— Alberta has 1 college of agri- culture, 9 provincial demonstration farms, 104 fairs and exhibitions held, 1920; 271 schools competed in school fairs; 290 Women's Institutes have 14,500 members. More than 200 exhibits of grain, grasses, clovers and alfalfa from Alberta, from, seed grown from the International boundaries as far north as the Peace River country, sent to the International Grain and Hay Show at Chicago.

AREA — "Three provinces in one," Southern, Central and Northern. 255,584 square miles, or 7 per cent, of Canada's area. Double the size of the British Isles; larger than Germany or France, and as large as Montana, N. Dakota and Minnesota. 82,000,000 acres can be converted to profitable agriculture.

BANKING— Only 5 banks in 1891; 431 in 1920.

BUFFALO — Alberta has the world's largest herd, over 5,000 in Government Park.

CLIMATE — 1918, min., 43.0; max., 9-1.0; mean sunshine, 15 years, 36.7.

COAL — Alberta is the "Coal Bin of Canada," containing 14 per cent, of all the coal reserves of the world, and about 87 per cent, of the coal deposits of Canada. Total reserve estimated at 1,059,9*0,000,000 tons. Alberta's coal pro- duction, 1920, 6,908,923 tons, or 41 per cent, of total out- put, leading all provinces. Value, from 288 mines, $27,000,- 000. 12,000 employed.

DIARYING — Total value of products, over $30,000,000. including 55 dairy factories; capital, $2,425,047; value of products, $8,838,298; butter, $6,555,509.

DOMINION PARKS— Alberta has 7 of the Dominion Parks, with 4,358,940 acres — largest in the world. 4 Do- minion Forest Reserves of 18,929 sq. m.

EDUCATION— 1919, 4,902 elementary and secondary school teachers, 121,567 pupils.

ELEVATORS— 900; capacity, nearly 40,000,000 bush.

FIELD CROP YIELD— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), 140,750,000 bush. (215,437,000 in 1919), viz., wheat, 53,044,000; oats, 64,192,000; barley, 11.057,000; rye, 1.999,000; flaxseed, 171,000. 1921 wheat never graded'so high. 10-year average yields: Spring wheat, 20.34 bush.; winter wheat, 22,61; oats, 37.65; barley, 26,81; rye, 24.48.

FIELD CROP VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), 44

ALBERTA— Con.

$82,781,000, chief items being wheat, $40,756,000; oats, $15,406,000; grain hay, $11,335,000; hay and clover, $4,549,000; potatoes, $4,072,000; barley, $3,730,000. 1920 value, $204,291,500; 1919, $158,044,400.

FINANCIAL— Provincial receipts (1920), $10,919,776; expenditures, $10,423,356; assets, $165,415,377; net debt, $34,375,205.

INDUSTRIES— 1919 (preliminary survey), 1,379 estab- lishments; capital, $66,673,667; employees on wages. 10,755; wages, $11,765,069; value of products, $94,855,759.'

IRRIGATION — Stfe under "Irrigation."

MINERAL PRODUCTION— 1920 (census), $33,721,898 (15.49 per cent, of all Canada).

LAND— Only 12,964,729 acres of the 82,810,400 arable land under cultivation.

LIVE STOCK— On June 15, 1921, 916,110 horses, 1,859,- 202 cattle, 523,599 sheep, 574,318 swine. Every animal sent to the Chicago Live Stock Show, 1921, wont a prize.

LUMBER INDUSTRY— 1919, capital, $649,064; 34 plants; value of products, $1,393,183.

MUNICIPALITIES— CITIES— Calgary, 63,117; Ed- monton, 58,247; Lethbridge, 11,055; Medicine Hat, 9,575; Red Deer, 2,323; Wetaskiwin, 2,156. 51 towns, 108 villages, 168 municipal districts.

NATURAL RESOURCES— Gold, Iron, gypsum, salt, sul- phur, tar sands and petroleum are found in Northern Alberta and the Peace River country.

POPULATION— 1911, 374,663; 1916, 496,525; 1921, 581,915; increase of 55 p.c. in 10 vears.

RAILWAYS— Mileage, 4,273. Increase of 3,500 since 1905. R.R. guarantees, $45,000,000.

TELEPHONES — 31 companies; wire mileage, 176,323; 49,338 phones (1920 census).

TRADE— Imports, 1920-21, $24,227,312. Exports, $1,223,- 257; duties, $4,146,991.

WATER-POWERS — 475,281 estimated horse-power; only 32,492 installed.

The Last Great West of Canada, viz., the Peace River country, is being rapidly opened up. It is approximately 274 by 300 miles, in Alberta and British Columbia. Thou- sands of homesteads are open for settlement. It has 45,- 000,000 acres of arable land, and 35 per cent, of it is ready for the plow. Excellent hard wheat is grown. It is the last of the best free land left to the Anglo-Saxon race in the world.

45

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

AREA — 395,000 square miles, or 10 per cent, of all Can- ada. Equal in area to three United Kingdoms; larger than Italy, Switzerland and France; larger than Washington, Oregon and California combined. Mountain region equal to 25 Switzerlands.

COAL — Estimated resources, 73,894,942,000 metric tons. Production, 1919, 2,408,948 long tons. Vancouver Island share, 1,699,348 tons. Production, 1920, 2,5,50,000 tons, or 18 p.c. of all Canada.

DAIRYING — 25 creameries; capital, $219,403. Products of dairy factories, 1920, $5,549,245.

EDUCATION— 71,955 school pupils, 1919; 2,332 teachers.

FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), $20,447,600; chief items being hay and clover, $7,478,000; grain hay, $3,141,000; potatoes, $2,646,000; turnips, etc., $1,670,000; wheat, $1,435,000; oats, $1.571,000. 1920 value, $27,017,500; 1919, $24,603,000.

FISHERIES— 1920, value, $22,329,161, or nearly half of Canada's total. Plants valued at $15,000,000; *20,000 employed, 62 saluion canneries. 1921 salmon pack, 603,548 cases, worth $6,000,000.

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS.— U. S. more than $200,000,- 000; British capital more; 722 new companies incorporated in 1920.

FRUIT-GROWING— 4,000 growers have $35,000,000 in- vested. 1921 output largest on record. Apple yield, 1,009,000 bush., second in Canada. 45 fruit and vegetable canning and packing plants.

HISTORY — Vancouver Island made a British Colony in 1849. British Columbia formed by Imperial edict, in 1858; the two colonies united in 1866 as British Columbia, which became a province of the Dominion in 1871.

INDUSTRIES— 1919 preliminary survey: 2,064 estab- lishments; capital, $268,419,281; employees on wages, 44,387; wages, $52,089,792; value of products, $243,060,276.

LAND — 15,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.

LIVE STOCK— 44,070 horses, 249,588 cattle, 46,473 sheep, 44,101 swine, 1,340,082 poultry.

LUMBER INDUSTRY— 1919, capital, 258 plants, $59,341,040; value of products, $60,440,775; 567 logging companies employ 11,250.

MINING— 1920 production, $38,044,915 (17.41 p.c.).

TRADE— 1920-21 imports, $81,615,288; exports $112,- 685,111; duties $11,941,004.

46

MANITOBA.

ABE A — 251,832 square miles. Larger than Holland, Bel gium and Germany combined. Assessment, $554,000,000.

BANKING — 334 branches. Increasingnearly 100 a year.

DAIRYING — Productive value, 1920, $15,939,846. Over 53 creameries and cheese factories.

EDUCATION — 129,015 pupils enrolled in public schools; 3,700 teachers. 30,000 members Boys' and Girls' Clubs.

FIELD CEOPS VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), $72,135,500, chief items being: Wheat, $35,539,000; oats, $14,833,000; barley, $8,463,000; hay and clover, $4,921,000; rye, $2,816,000; potatoes, $2,636,000; 55,000 farms.

FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (preliminary estimate) — $93,128,000, chief items, being: Wheat, $48,142,000; oats, $19,837,000; barley, $9,983,000; hay and clover, $5,090,000; rye, $3,713,000; potatoes, $2,853,000; 55,000 farms.

ELEVATORS— 700; capacity, 25,224,500 bushels.

GOOD ROADS — 4 years' programme of $4,000,000, Do- minion contributing $1,000,000; $1,750,000 spent in 1921.

HISTORY— Manitoba first settled in 1812 by 125 Scotch settlers, under Lord Selkirk, on grant of 116,000 square miles. First province in the West; set up in 1870. First of western provinces to join Confederation. Famous as the home of world's standard wheat.

LAND — 25,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.

LIVE STOCK— 419,789 horses, 817,759 cattle, 131,361 sheep, 224,704 swine, 3,449,598 poultry.

FARMS— 55,184 in 1921; increase of 18 per cent, in 5 years. Total acreage, 1921, 7,463,735, 3,501,217 being in wheat and 2,226,376 in oats.

INDUSTRIES— 1919 preliminary survey, 1,622 establish- ments; capital, $111,535,665; employees on wages, 23,315; wages, $24,311,147; value of products, $153,003,614.

POPULATION — Manitoba's population has increased from 461,190 in 1911 to 613.008 in 1921, an increase of 32,92 per cent., according to the census figures just issued. The City of Winnipeg's population is now 178,364, 'compared with 136,035 in 19ll, an increase of 31.12 p.c. The City of St. Boniface increased from 7,843 in 1911, to 12,816 in 1921, an increase of 71.20 p.c. Brandon increased from 13,839 in 1911 to 15,359 in 1921, an increase of 10.99 p.c. Portage la Prairie increased from 5,892 in 1011 to 6,748 in 1921, an increase of 14.60 p.c.

RAILWAYS— 3,221 miles in 1916; 4,500 now.

TRADE— $148,000,000; duty. $11,395,328.

WATER-POWERS— Estimated at 3,270,491 horse-power; only 83,447 installed.

47

MAR1TINE PROVINCES— NEW BRUNSWICK.

LAND — 10,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.

TIMBER PRODUCTION.— 1920, $26,713,403.

FIELD CROP VALUE.— 1921 (preliminary estimate), $88,574,400; 1920, $112,733,850; 1919, $138,858,800.

MANUFACTURING — 1919, 4,227 establishments; capi- tal, $224,740,148; employees on wages, 49,465; value of products, $246,081,885.

POPULATION.— 1921 census: N.B., 388,092; N.S., 524,579; P.E.I., 88,536; total of 1,002,207.

TELEPHONES.— 60,651 in Maritime Provinces; wire mileage, 95,133; companies, 243.

INTRODUCTORY— New Brunswick is one of Canada's oldest and richest provinces, famous for its lumber, fishing, shipbuilding, coal mining, agriculture, hunting, etc.

AGRICULTURE — Production value of live stock pro- ducts (including replacement of farm live stock, field crops, vegetables, fruit and apiary products), exceeds $60,000,000.

AREA— 27,985 square miles; 17,190,910,498 acres; 600 miles of coast line. Almost as large as Ireland.

CROWN LANDS — 12,000 square miles still in the Crown.

DAIRYING — 40 cheese factories and creameries. Pro- duction value, nearly $1,000,000.

EDUCATION— 1,978 schools; 2,113 teachers; 72,988 pupils.

FIELD CROPS — Acreage sown to field crops, 1921: Wheat, 28,028; oats, 284,728; potatoes, 74,875; hay, 694,497. Total yields: Wheat, 441,400; oats, 6,905,400; potatoes, 16,192,000; hay, 625,000 tons. Value of field crops, $38,051,400.

N.B. TOWNS.— Census figures, 1921: Bathurst, 3,311; Campbellton, 5,569; Chatham, 4,489; Edmundston, 4,033; Newcastle, 3,510; St. Stephen, 3,449; Sussex, 2,198; Wood- stock, 3,377.

FINANCIAL— Assessed value all property, $130,000,000; net funded debt, $20,683,236.

LIVE STOCK— (June, 1921), 69,958 horses; 295,446 cattle; 236,951 sheep; 89,837 swine; 943,405 poultry.

FISHERIES — Production, 1919, nearly $5,000,000.

LUMBERING— 250 mills. Invested capital of over $25,000,000. Annual production, over $15,000,000. Crown timber limits worth $50,000,000.

MANUFACTURING— 1919, 1,439 establishments: capi- tal, $89,958,882; employees on wages, $15,877,355; value of products, $100,005,605.

48

NOVA SCOTIA.

CANADA'S EASTERN GATEWAY. One of the oldest provinces, rich in natural resources, yielding approximately $200,000,000 a year.

AREA— 21,428 square miles— 21,068 land, 360 water. 5,000,000 acres :at for successful agriculture.

AREA UNDER CROP— 1921, 807,858 acres. Yield of crops, 18,844,141 bushels.

COAL SUPPLY— Sufficient to last about 200 years. At the present time the Dominion Coal Company of Nova Scotia mines about 4,500,000 tons a year, of which 3,000,000 tons are consumed by the Dominion Steel Corporation, a part of the same company. The company contemplates in- creasing its output to 10,000,000 tons.

DAIRYING— Productive value, 1921, $10,727,708.

EDUCATIONAL— Nova Scotia supports 5 Universities and a larger proportion of other educational institutions than any other Province.

FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Census final estimate), $29,556,400; chief terns being hay and clover, $17,749,000; potatoes, $6,093,000; oats, $2,897,300. 1920 value, $47,- 846,550; 1919, $63,357,000.

FISHERIES— 1921 production value, $12,600,000.

FORESTS— 1921 production value, $10,325,000.

FRUIT— N. S. apple crop, 1921, 1,800,000 barrels— large increase over 1920 crop.

INTERNATIONAL FISHING BOAT RACE— Won by N. S. in 1921 in "The Bluenose".

LIVE STOCK— 1921, horses, 61,321; milch cows, 143,780; other cattle, 78,230; sheep and lambs, 324,260; swine, 52,064; poultry, 740,744.

MANUFACTURING — 1919, 2,249 establishments; capi- tal, $131,914,231; employees on wages, 25,800; value of products, $139,206,696.

MINERAL PRODUCTION— 1920 value, $30,187,533; in- crease of nearly $7,000,000 in year.

MINING— Mineral production, 1921: Coal, $31,200,000; coke and by-products, $3,400,000; gold and other minerals, $226,400; gypsum, limestone, etc., $2,500,000; building ma- terials and clay products, $2,000,000; iron and steel pro- ducts, $10,100,000. ,

NATURAL WEALTH — Nova Scotia is rich in natural resources, its vast coal mines, its iron, gypsum, clay de- posits, its immense fisheries and forests, orchards and farms provide the wealth. Estimated yield 1921, $165,409,700.

RAILWAYS— 1,436 miles.

49

NOVA SCOTIA— Con.

POPULATION— 1921 census, 524,579, increase of 6.55 per cent, over 1911.

REVENUE— Estimated for fiscal year 1920-21, $4,529,- 058; expenditure, $4,521,654 — largest figures on record.

TOWNS — Population, census of 1921: Bridgewater 3,152 ; Dartmouth 7,904 ; Dominion 2,390 ; Glace Bay 16,992 ; Inverness 2,952; Kentville 2,717; Liverpool 2,263; Lunen- burg 2,786; New Waterford 5,613; Parrsboro 2,745; Pictou 3,112; Springhill 4,955; Stellarton 3,362; Trenton 2,837; Westville 4,547; Windsor 3,589; Sydney City 22,527.

TOURIST — Nova Scotia is an ideal tourist laud, with myriad scenic attractions.

WATEE-POWERS— Estimated, 300,000 h.p.

ONTARIO.

ANNUAL PRODUCT— (Ont. Govt. estimate, 1921), $2,013,000,000, including value of farm products, minerals, timber and manufactures.

AREA — 407,262 square miles. Three times as large as British Isles, larger than France and one and a half times as large as Texas; 1,000 miles east to west, 1,075 from north to south. Over 230,000,000 acres of land, of which only 13,500,000 acres are under cultivation; 20,000,000 acres of farm lands in New Ontario.

ACREAGE OF LAND— Over 230,000,000 acres; 55,000,- 000 acres fit for successful agriculture; only 15,000,000 cleared.

AUTOMOBILES— License fees, 1920, $1,990,933 ; $7,132,- 787 in 17 years. $48,801,000 invested, 1919, in manufactur- ing autos.

BANKING— 1,412 branches; one-third of all Canada.

BUILDING— 1920, $108,120,000; 1921, estimated, $120,- 000,000 (40 per cent, of Canada's total. Building and gen- eral construction, 1919, valued at $42,221,209; capital, $22,357,947.

DAIRYING— 1,037 butter and cheese factories, 1920. Total production, $75,926,248.

EDUCATION— 564,655 school pupils, 1919; teachers, 14,801 (male, 1,965; female, 12,836).

FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Census final estimate), $256,003,400, chief items being hay and clover, $84,027,000; oats, $33,774,000; fodder corn, $32,598,000; potatoes, $15,- 400,000; wheat, $16376,000. 1920 value $375,746,900; 1919, $383,573,900.

50

ONTARIO-Oon.

FARMS AND VALUE— 175,000 farms in Ontario. Value of farm lands, buildings, improvements and live stock, $1,700,000,000.

FINANCIAL — Assessed value of taxable property, $2,- 054,212,000; gross funded debt, $165,186,900. Assets (cash, sinking funds, buildings, Crown lands, water-powers, etc.), $645,983,604.

"The credit of Ontario was never higher in the money markets than at the present moment." — The Provincial Treasurer.

FRUIT-GROWING— Annual production about $20,000,- 000. Ontario grows 75 per cent, of Canada's fruit.

HISTORY— First settled about 1784 by 10,000 United Empire Loyalists! Ontario set apart, as the Province of Upper Canada, in 1701, with Sir J. G. Simcoe as the first Lieutenant-Governor. First Legislature in 1792.

HYDRO-ELECTRIC SYSTEM— (See under "Electrical Development.")

LIVE STOCK— 1921, 6,229,985, viz.: Horses, 694,237; cattle, 2,890,113; sheep, 1,081,828; swine 1,563,807; poultry, 11,458,206.

LUMBER INDUSTRY— 1919, capital, $59,199,886; 852 plants; employees, 73,111; wages, $60,999,020. Production, $60,565,554.

ONTARIO'S WEALTH— Ontario is the wealthiest and most populous Province in the Dominion of Canada. An aboundance of water-powers, far-reaching transportation facilities and a plentiful supply of raw materials have fos- tered a steady expansion both industrially and commer- cially. The value of the production of Ontario's farms, mines, forests, fisheries and industries is over $2,000,000,000 annually, representing more than half the manufactured products of the Dominion, 75 p.c. of the fruit and 39 p.c. of Canada's field crops. 45 p.c. of mineral production and half of cheese produced.

PULP AND PAPER— Invested, 1920, in 37 mills, $109,169,591.

INDUSTRIAL— 1919 statistics: 16,438 establishments; capital, $1,583,161,271; employees, 278,814; value of products, $1,737,543,996.

MUNICIPAL STATISTICS— 903 municipalities and 10 districts; 553 townships, 150 villages, 139 towns, 23 cities, 38 counties.

51

Mines.

ONTARIO -Oon.

MINING — 1920. Preliminary report, Bureau of Total production value, $68,456,781; increase of nearly $10,- 000,000 over 1919. Highest on record. Metallic, $46,228,827. Chief Metals: Gold, $11,665,735; silver, $10,819,678; cop- per in matte, $2,928,750; copper, $1,041,994; nickel, metal- lic, $3,852,141; nickel oxide, $1,151,490; cobalt, metallic, $392,926; cobalt oxide, $1.210,810: nickel in matte, $10,685,- 500.

Non-metallic, $22,227,954, including cement, Portia ml, $4,377,814; natural gas, $3,450,000; clay products, $4,343,- 475; lime, $1,532,627; stone, $2,074,944; salt, $1,544,867.

GOLD MINING — Ontario mined more gold in 1920 than ever in its history, viz.: $11,665,735. Its gold output is increasing more rapidly than in any other part of the Empire. Hollinger mine has produced over $40,000,000; another $40,000,000 is in sight, with a third $40,000,000 probably in untouched ore bodies.

Ontario is the premier gold-producing province of Can- ada, producing more than 75 p.c. of 1921. "The production of gold in Ontario may be advanced to such a figure that the performance of 1921 will look in retrospect like a small beginning. — A. F. Bingham, Manager Hollinger Gold Mine . Production now $11,000,000 a year.

POPULATION— Now one-third of all Canada. 1,620,851 in 1871. 1921, 2,929,034; 1911, 2,523,274; 1901, 2,182,947; 1891, 2,114,321. 1921 estimate, 2,929,054.

EAILW AYS— 11,000 miles, 767 electric. T. & N. O. Eailway, owned by Province, 300 miles.

TELEPHONES — 1919, 599 companies; wire mileage, 747,893; No. of phones, 332,272, out of total of 778,758 in all Canada.

TOBACCO — 1921 crop, 6,500,000 Ibs. in South-western Ontario, Essex leading.

United Farmers of Ontario has 40,000 members in 1,318 clubs. Cash on hand, $28,652.

WATEE-POWEES— Estimated available, 4,950,300 h.p.; installed, 1,052,048 h.p.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

INTEODUCTOEY — Canada's smallest but richest prov- ince, the Garden of the Gulf. Every acre tillable.

AEEA — 2,184 square miles, 1,397,991 acres. Twice as many to the square mile as any other province.

EDUCATION — 476 public schools — more in relation to size than any other province, one to every 4.6 square miles. 52

FRINGE EDWARD ISLAND-Oon.

FIELD CROP VALUE — 1921 (preliminary estimate), $16,530,500; chief items being potatoes, $3,352,000; hay and clover, $8,799,000; oats, $2,414,000. 1920 total value, $18,530,400; 1919, $22,367,400. P. E. I. has over 14,000 farms.

FISHERIES— Production, 1919: Lobsters, $1,406,000; other fish, $369,000. 181 lobster-canning establishments.

FOX INDUSTRY — P. E. I. Avon many prizes at the first international live silver fox exhibition, Montreal, Nov., 1920. P.E.I, has nearly 325 fox ranches (more than half in all Canada) and 10,000 silver and black foxes. Value of fur- bearing animals, $3,018,870. More than $1,000,000 worth of silver fox pelts were exported in 1920, and $500,000 worth of breeding stock.

LIVE STOCK— (Dominion Estimate) .—Horses, 35,567; milch cows, 49,932; other cattle, 19,815; all cattle, 139,143; sheep, 72,552; swine, 49,510; poultry, 624,713.

MANUFACTURING (1918)— 484 establishments. Capi- tal, $2,886,662. Employees, 1,467. Salaries and wages, $776,067. Value of products, $5,693,878.

POPULATION.— 1921 (census), 88,536; decrease of 5,192 in 10 years.

RAILWAYS— No part of P.E.I. is more than 10 miles from railway, and three-fourths of its area is within 5 miles of the rails. New car ferry shortens route from 45 to 9 miles.

QUEBEC

AGRICULTURE— Field crops, value, 1920, $330,251,000, from 87,335,000 bushels of grain. Cultivated area is 15,- 081,057 acres, in 1921.

AREA — Canada's largest province, 706,834 square miles, 18 per cent, of Dominion; larger than 5 United Kingdoms.

BANKING— Quebec has 921 of the 4,050 bank branches in Canada.

BIRTH RATE— Highest in Canada— 36.25 per 1,000 living.

BUILDINGS ERECTED— 5,823 in 1920, value $39,661,- 697.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS— 56 hospitals, materni- ties and creches; 113 hospices, orphanages and asylums; 6 sanatoria and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries.

DAIRYING, 1920— Production value, $36,953,192; 634 butter factories, 813 cheese factories and 361 combined — 1,808 in all.

53

QUEBEC-Con

FIELD CROPS VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final esti-mate), $219,054,000; chief items being: Hay and clover, $121,945,000; potatoes, .$28,871,000; oats, $30,355,000; tur- nips, etc., $6,774,000; fodder corn, $7,657,000. 1920 value, $330,251,000; 1919, $309,963,000.

FINANCE— Ordinary receipts, 1920-21, $15,914,521; expenditure, $14,684,088.

FISHERIES— Value of fish sold, 1919, $4,258,731.

FOEESTEY — Lands and forests revenue, 1920-21, $3,567,188.

LIVE STOCK— Total, 1921, 4,350,003, viz., 406,959 horses; 2,052,504 cattle; 1,006,620 sheep; 883,920 swine.

MANUFACTUEING — 1919, 11,061 establishments; capi- tal, $986,712,125; employees, 26,088; salaries and wages, $189,732,521; value of products, $988,433,364.

MINING— 1920 production, $28,392,939, highest on record, including asbestos and asbestic, $14,792,607 — 85 per cent, of the world's total production; gold, $19,346; silver, $58,032; copper, $98,854; cement, $6,545,053; gran- ite, $494,372.

MpTOBS— Quebec had, 1920, 47,730 registered auto- mobiles and motor trucks. •

POPULATION— 1901, 1,648,898; 1911, 2,003,232; 1920, 2,503,548; 1921 (census), 2,929,054.

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION— Government grant, $2,334,- 109; contributions of independent institutions and tax- payers, $16,867,297. Together, $19,201,406. 7,859 schools, 1919-20, 18,504 teachers, 516,918 pupils. 6,772 Catholic and 817 Protestant schools.

PULPWOOD — Quebec leads provinces in pulpwood pro- duction, more than half of all-Canadian total. Manufac- tured 1,176,134 cords, worth $13,830,734; exported unmanu- factured, 698,839 cords, worth $5,603,894. Total, $15,155,- 326. Lumber cut, 1918, $20,916,604.

EAILWAYS AND HIGHWAYS— 1920 : Steam, 5,011.89 miles; electric, 254.70 miles; land grants, 1,735,690 acres; provincial cash subsidies (since 1874), $26,816,328. 35,939 miles of roads are under municipal control; 2,456 miles macadamized, 2,847 graveled.

TEADE UNIONS— 1920, 442; membership, 58,947.

TEADE— 1920-21, $823,992,159, viz.: Imports, $362,495,- 158; exports, $461,497,001. Duties, $56,154,821.

TIMBEE PEODUCTION— 1920 (census), $61,493,919. 54

SASKATCHEWAN.

AREA — 251,700 sq. miles, or 161,088,000 acres. Twice as large as the British Islands. As large in area as the whole of France, Belgium and Holland -combined, or larger than Germany, Denmark and Belgium.

AGRICULTURAL.— Saskatchewan is Canada's greatest wheat-producing province. Wheat yield, 1921, 173,580,000 bush. (Prov. est.). In 1921, 57 per cent, of area sown to spring wheat was on the fertile plains of Saskatchewan. Oats leads Canadian production with 32 per cent., and flax, 72 per cent. Approximate total value of agricultural pro- ducts, 1921, $416,471,194, viz.: Field crops, $250,965,379; live stock, $131,365,815; dairy products, $20,000,000; wool clip, $140,000; garden products, $2,000,000; game and furs, $2,000,000; poultry and products, $10,000,000.

350 Agricultural Co-operative Associations in 1920, and 18,894 members. Turnover, $7,314,695.

AUTOMOBILES— 1920, 60,325, compared with 55,010 in 1919, and 46,880 in 1918. Number of motor vehicles in 1908 only 74.

BANKING— 597 branches in 1920; only a few in 1891. BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION UNDERTAKEN in 1920, $11,224,826.

DAIRYING— Dairy production, 1920, $23,455,774; in- crease of $412,725 in year. Value of dairy cattle over $40,000,000. 48 creameries in operation, represent invest- ment of $2,175,000. 1921 total production, $18,234,617.

EDUCATION.— 4,460 Public Schools, 25 High Schools and Collegiate Institutes. University of Saskatchewan with an enrolment of 1,487 students.

ELEVATORS.— 2,186 at 769 stations; capacity, 75,- 867,000 bushels.

HISTORY— Part of North-West Territories until created a province in 1905.

INCORPORATED COMPANIES— 280 in 1920; capital- ization, $13,172,830.

LIVE STOCK— 948,280 horses and mules, 1,324,062 cattle, 160,918 sheep, 321,900 swine, 6,607,140 poultry. Saskatche- wan leads Canada in horses.

MUNICIPALITIES — 302 organized municipalities. 245 vilages, 79 towns, 7 cities.

POPULATION— In 1905, 257,763; 1921 (eat.), 745,000. RAILWAYS— 1,522 miles in 1905; 6,268 in 1920. FIELD CROPS— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), 401,056,500 bush. (273,425,500 in 1920), viz.: wheat, 188,000,000; oats, 55

SASKATOHEWAN-Oon.

170,513,000; barley, 13,343,000; rye, 13,546,000; flaxseed, 3,230,000.

FIELD CROP 'VALUE— 1921 (Dom. final estimate), $215,635,000, chief items being, wheat, $142,880,000; oats, $40,372,000; rye, $9,080,000; flax, $4,443,000; potatoes,- $5,172,000; hay and clover, $5,015,000. 1920 value,- $271,- 213,000; 1919, $340,029,800.

GROWTH — Saskatchewan's growth since becoming a province in 1905 is illustrated in recently published figures. In 1905 there were only three cities in the province, now seven. Towns have increased from 16 to 78, organized vil- lages from 68 to 337. Two municipalities have grown to 301.

INDUSTRIES— 1919 preliminary survey, 1,534 establish- ments; capital, $35,869,588; employees on wages, 7,95;?; wages, $9,226,936; value of products, $59,752,486.

AREA SOWN TO GRAIN— 1921, 21,57;;. <>8r, acres, viz.: Wheat, 13,556,708 acres; oats, 5,681,522 acres; barley, 497,730 acres; flax, 426,849 acres. Total land under culti- vation, 25,481,037 acres. 72,000,000 acres fit for successful agriculture.

LUMBER INDUSTRY.— Capital invested, 1920, $1, 766,672.

MINING. — Clay: Total value of brick and tile manufac- tured in 1920 was $300,000. Coal: 45 mines produced

MUNICIPALITIES. — 301 organized rural municipali- .ties, 245 villages, 79 towns, 7 cities, in 1920.

TELEPHONES. — Government owns and operated 5,842 long-distance pole miles. 1,169 government aided rural companies, having 58,265 subscribers and 53,702 miles of lines.

VITAL STATISTICS 1919.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS.— Births, 247,219 ; marriages, 80,472; deaths, 73,563.

PERCENTAGES, PER 1,000.— Dominion birth rate, 27.47; marriage rate, 8,94; death rate, 8.17. Quebec had the highest birth rate, viz., 35.76. Excluding Quebec, New Brunswick came next in birth rate. Ontario had highest marriage rate, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia highest death rates. British Columbia had lowest birth rate. Death rates of B.C. and prairie provinces much lower than eastern provinces.

56

RAILWAYS (All Lines, 192O.)

UAJLWAY STATISTICS, 1868-1920:

1868. 1920.

Mileage 2,188 39,196

Capitalization $136,763,218 $2,088,222,267

Receipts $11,108,882 $491,938,857

Passengers 2,564,485 51,306,074

Freight, tons 2,087,878 127,388,45:'.

_fer cars \ . . . 536 6,512

Freight cars 6,182 217,258

GENERAL — Canada stands fourth among people of the world in railway mileage and first in proportion of mileage to population. Canada has one mile of railway to every 21ii people. Capital averages $50,000 a mile.

SUBSIDIES— Cash subsidies of $275,163,228 have been given, viz., $218,714,318 from the Dominion; $38,171,229 from Provinces, and $17,914,836 from municipalities.

LAND GRANTS— 44,648,123 acres (Dominion, 31,361,- nuebec, 1,735,690; British Columbia, 8,119,221; New Brunswick, 1,647,772; Ontario, 624,232; Nova Scotia, 160,000).

EMPLOYEES— 1920, 184,934; compensation, during year, $290,431,221; increase of 24 per cent, over 1919. Increases granted, May 1, 1920, was approximately 21 p.c.

EXPENSES AND DEFICITS— Of 56 railways report- ing, •'!! paid operating expenses; 25 had a deficit. Of these ::i roads, after paying taxes, interest, rents, etc., 19 had a corporate income of $36,581,437; corporate loss of other 79,669,825, larger items being: Canadian Northern Svstcni, $40,501,705; Canadian Government Lines, $9,432,054; Grand Trunk, $4,519,809; Grand Trunk Pacific, $17,456,359.

DIVIDENDS— 7 roads declared dividends, viz., c-hiefly: Canadian Pacific, $L'9,227,1>7.'»; Canada Southern, $450,000; Quebec Central, $lfi9,080.

EARNINGS — Roads earned total revenue from opera- tions of $491,938,857; increase of $83,340,496 over 1919. Operating expenses increased from $376,789,093 to $478,- ::, or by $101,213,730. Net operating revenue was $13,936,003,( decrease, of $17,873,265.

For every dollar earned. 1920, by Canadian National Railways 7~> cents was paid in wages and 5 cents in fuel.

Only one passenger on Canadian railroads killed in 1919 to 1. -452, 000 carried. :'>;"> passengers killed and 372 injured; If _ employees killed and 1,904 injured. 57

CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS.

Canadian National Bailways comprises the lines of the Canadian Northern Railway System, the Intercolonial Railway and National Transcontinental Railway and Grand Trunk Pacific.

The operation of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway is vested in the Canadian National Railways Management, who act for the Minister of Railways Receiver.

Canadian National Railway lines serve the Sydneys, Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Port Arthur, Fort William, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Prince Albert, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria and Prince Rupert.

The Canadian National Railway lines traverse the great grain-growing plains to the south in Manitoba, Saskatche- wan and Alberta, and the rolling, wooded, diversified farming areas to the north in these three provinces, and also serve the new north in Ontario and Quebec, as well as traversing the older settled districts with trunk lines.

The Canadian National Railways operates its own Sleeping, Dining and Parlor Cars and News Services.

Canadian National Railways has at Port Arthur, Ont., the largest consolidated elevator plant in the world, capacity 10,000,000 bushels. New electrically-operated unloaders installed there make it possible to unload a single carload of grain in 3^ minutes.

The Canadian National Railways has the only line which crosss the Rocky Mountain divide with a maximum gradient of 7/10 of one per cent.

Canadian National Railways operates between Mont- real, St. John and Halifax the famous "Ocean Limited" and "Maritime Express"; between Montreal and Van- couver "The Continental Limited," and between Toronto and Winnipeg the "National."

Canadian National Railways terminals (tunnel) at Montreal are electrified. The entrance includes a S1^- mile double-tracked tunnel through Mount Royal.

Canadian National Railways patrons have clear view for miles of Mount Edith Cavell and other famous and beautiful peaks in Jasper Park, Alberta, and of Mount Robson Park.

At the end of October 1921, the mileage of the Cana- dian National Railways System, including the lines of the Grand Trunk Pacific, and with all duplicate mileage elim- inated, was 17,319. The System, with the lines of the Grand Trunk Railway added, would be 22,636. 58

CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS— Oon.

Canadian National Railways operate the Quebec Bridge, which spans the St. Lawrence above Quebec, and consti- tutes one of the engineering feats of the world, being 3,240 ft. in length, having a main span of 1,800 feet, a suspended span of 640 feet, the steel work being 150 feet above high water.

Canadian National-Grand Trunk Railways operate the following hotels: Chateau Laurier, Ottawa; Prince Ar- thur, Port Arthur; Fort Garry, Winnipeg; Prince Edward, Brandon; Macdonald, Edmonton; Highland Inn, Algon- quin Park, Ont.; Minaki, Minaki, Ont.

Canadian National-Grand Trunk Railways operate via some of the most famous bridges in the world: The Que- bec Bridge, across the St. Lawrence near Quebec; the Victoria Jubilee Bridge, across the St. Lawrence at Mont- real, and the single-span bridge across the Niagara Gorge. Famous trains of Canadian National Railways are "The Ocean Limited," ''Maritime Express," "The Continental Limited," and "The National".

The Canadian National Railways crosses the Rockies at the lowest altitude, the easiest gradients, and in view of Canada's highest peaks.

The Canadian National Railways, through a Board of Directors, operates the vessels of the Canadian Govern- ment Merchant Marine. This ally of the Canadian Na- tional Railway has 66 vessels in operation, with an aggre gate deadweight tonnage of 390,000 tons.

The manufacturers in Canada are finding outlets for exports to the West Indies, Cuba and South America, Aus- tralasia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Mediterranean ports, India, Straits Settlements, Java and Europe, from the operation of the vessels of the Canadian Government Mer- chant Marine fleet, in conjunction with C. N. Railways.

The vessels of the Canadian Government Merchant Marine, Ltd., fleet will carry products of Canada to ports (in all the seven seas and bring back to the Dominion the products Canadians buy abroad.

The Canadian National Telegraphs is the title under which the Canadian Northern, Great North-Western and Grand Trunk Pacific Telegraph Companies are operated. The System has 102,000 miles of wire and direct exclusive connection with the Western Union Telegraph Company, reaching 75,000 points in Canada, United States and Mexico. It has cable service to all parts of the world, and transfers money by cable and telegraph. 59

GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY

The Grand Trunk is Canada's pioneer railway, the original incorporation being granted in 1852.

It reaches all the principal agricultural and industrial districts of Eastern Canada, and serves with its own lines the important traffic centres of the United States.

In the Province of Ontario alone the Grand Trunk has more than three thousand miles of railway.

The Grand Trunk carried in its last fiscal year 11,620,- 590 passengers and 23,292,706 tons of freight and live stock.

There are about one hundred and twenty-five com panies having original statutory existence which have been merged into the Grand Trunk System.

The Grand Trunk pays more than one million dollars a year in taxes.

The International Limited, running daily in each direc- tion between Chicago, Toronto, and Montreal, is famous the continent over as "Canada's train of Superior Service."

The Grand Trunk was called upon to handle more than one million troops during the war and demobilization periods, and this work was performed safely and expedi- tiously.

The Grand Trunk owns more passenger and freight car equipment, and also more locomotives per mile of road than any railway in Canada, except the Michigan Central.

The Grand Trunk has opened up to travellers many «f the Dominion's beautiful resort regions, including the Muskoka Lakes, the Algonquin Park of Ontario, and the Lake of Bays.

The Grand Trunk line from Montreal to Brockville (125 miles) was completed in November, 1855. The sec- tion from Brockville to Toronto was completed in October, 1856. The first train from Montreal to Toronto was operated October 27th, 1856.

The Grand Trunk has on its Canadian payrolls more than 30,000 employees, who receive in wages more than $53,000,000 per year.

Summary of operations of passenger trains on Grand Trunk showed 92 per cent, of trains arriving at terminals on time.

The gross revenues of the Grand Trunk Railway Sys- tem for 1920 were approximately $122,000,000.

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY.

The Canadian Pacific Railway is the Empire's greatest railway and one of the greatest corporations in the world.

Mileage, 19,662.7, viz.: C.P.R. and lines worked, 14,341.9; under construction, 356.9} owned and controlled, includ- ing Soo Line, 4,963.9. Length of Main Line, Montreal to Vancouver, 2,885.8.

Gross earnings for twelve months ending Dec. 31, 1920, $216,641,349; working expenses, $183,488,304; net earn- ings, $33,153,045.

Capital: Ordinary stock, $260,000,000; preference stock, $80,681,921.12; debenture stock, $216,284,882.10; mort- gage bonds (Algoma Branch), $3,650,000.

Employees, excluding subsidiary interests, nearly 75,000.

Equipment, 2,255 locomotives, 2,778 passenger cars, 88,057 freight cars, and 7,966 other cars. Railway and equipment valued at $567,283,037.

Passengers carried, 1920, 16,925,049; freight, 30,160,134 tons.

Railway construction, rolling stock equipment, ocean, lake and river steamships, during year ending December, 1920, $32,625,753.67.

C.P.R. fleet of 59 steamers: Great Lakes, 5; ferry ser- vice, 2; B. C. lake and river service, 16; B. C. coast ser- vice, 25; Bay of Fundy service, 1.

Canadian Pacific Ocean Steamships, Ltd., includes Can- adian Pacific trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific lines, 30 vessels in all, total tonnage, including those under con- struction, of 400,000 gross tons.

C.P.R. Telegraph System — 15,000 pole miles; miles of wire, 115,000.

C.P.R. owns fifteen hotels of highest standard from At- lantic to Pacific. Contain 3,500 bedrooms.

As part of subsidy for construction of transcontinental line, Company received 25,000,000 acres of land in West- ern Canada. Still unsold of this and subsequent grants, 5,611,563 acres. Part of development of these lands con- sisted of creation of three million-acre irrigation tracts in Alberta.

SHIPPING, YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1921— Ton- nage entering and leaving Canadian ports (exclusive of coastwise trade), 54,648,630, increase of 5,155,000 tons in year. Tonnage engaged in coastwise trade entering and leaving Canadian ports, 56,225,509 tons. 61

CANADA'S MOUNTAIN WORLD.

Canada has the largest and most beautiful of Moun- tain National Parks in the world, thousands of square miles in extent, aptly termed "Sixty Switzerlands in One," exceeding in natural grandeur all other parks in the world. Among them, Eocky Mountains Park has an area of 2,750 square miles; Kootenay Park, 650 square miles; Yoho Park, an area of 476 square miles; Glacier Park, aiea of 469 square miles; Revelstoke Park, 100 sq. miles.

The Canadian Government is annually expending large sums of money opening up new roads, building trails, and making the Eocky Mountain Park easy of access.

Banff, the gateway to the Eocky Mountains Park, is one of the most attractive spots in America.

Banff has hot sulphur springs, caves, waterfalls, aviary, museums, animal paddock with many buffalo, magnifi- cent drives, boating, fishing, golf links, etc.

Lake Louise, one of the most beautiful lakes in the world, is 34 miles west of Banff. The Chateau Lake Louise is one of the C.P.E.'s finest hotels.

Field — 55 miles west of Banff — is where the world- famous spiral tunnels have been constructed.

Glacier Hotel, owned by the Canadian Pacific, is in the heart of the Selkirks, and is only a short walk from the Illecillewaet Glacier, with its nearly forty miles of ice.

Near Glacier also the Canadian Pacific has completed the longest tunnel in America — 5 miles long — through Selkirk Mountains. It has been named the Connaught Tunnel, in honor of the Duke of Connaught.

Nakimu Caves are near Glacier. These immense cav- erns, formed by water erosion, are claimed by scientists to be 38,400 years old.

First C.P.E. steamer to reach Vancouver from Yoko- hama, June 14th, 1887.

The original main line of the C.P.E. was built in five years, instead of ten, as per contract. Cost over three hundred millions.

BUILDING PERMITS.— 1919, $189,821,300; 1920, $255,- 605,500; 1921, $240,133,300.

BUILDING AND GENEEAL CONSTRUCTION, 1919.— By 1,475 individual operators: Capital invested, $45,011,- 116, employing 30,013; salaries and wages, $33,519,839. Value of work, $94,495,222.

62

RELIGIOUS.

79 specified religions, compared with 57 in 1901.

Canada had, in 1911, 1,111,250 church members in nearly 15,000 churches.

Proportion of denominations to total population in T911: Roman Catholic, 39.31 per cent.; Presbyterians, J5.48; Methodist, 14.98; Anglican, 14.47; Baptist/5.31 ; Lutheran, 3.19; Greek Church, 1.23; Jews, 1.03.

PRESBYTERIAN AND METHODIST FACTS.

Presbyterians. Methodists.

Property value $26,334,828 $44,178,371

Annual givings 9,554,503 11,311,259

Number of members 350,674 400,789

Ministers 1,606 1,820

S. s. scholars 286,889 427,000

S. S. teachers 31,930 43,399

Ministers' stipends 2,513,993 2,711,077

•HIS and social service 1,274,510 1,160,563

Women 's Miss. Sec 401,543 476,103

Education 119,183 103,181

IVnsion schemes 132,474 425,628

S. S. and Y. People 39,832 39,553

ADDITIONAL PRESBYTERIAN FACTS

Presbyterian population, 1,200,000; 8 synods; 79 Presbyteries; 199,242 families; 12,111 elders; 169 theologi- cal students in 8 colleges; 325 foreign missionaries; 1,848 self-sustaining congregations; 1,076 augmented ones; 1,155 home mission ones. Forward Movement peace thank-offer- ing, $5,262.000; Women's Missionary Society, W.S., has 1,700 branches and 80,000 members.

ADDITIONAL METHODIST FACTS

Methodist Church in Canada has 1 General Conference, 12 conferences, 153 districts, 2,122 circuits, 4,749 preaching appointments, 210,155 families, 3,400 Sunday schools, nearly 2,000 local preachers, 2,000 class leaders and 12,000 stewards.

Nearly 400 home missionaries. 42 among Canadian Indi- ;m«, 13 among Orientals in Canada, 19 in Japan, 86 in West China.

The Church has 17 colleges and universities, representing in buildings and endowment assets of $7,000,000. Registra- tion of students, approximately 6,000. Income of Educa- tional Society, 1920, $128,545.

OTHER DENOMINATIONS.

BAPTIST— 1920: Churches, 1,340; ministers, 783; bap- tisms, 4,568; membership, 142,527. World total: 65,347 churches, 49,674 ministers, 8,643,814 members.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF ONTARIO— 1,200 mem- bers, 21 churches, 9 ordained ministers. 63

RELIGIOUS— Con.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND— 1920 : 1,635 clergy, 598 licensed lay readers, 677,228 members, 216,026 communi- cants. Subscriptions to Forward Movement, $3,471,613 — - nearly a million over the objective. Givings to missions, $496,121; total contributions, $4,262,630.

CONGEEGATIONAL— 12,660 members, 31,963 under pastoral care; value of Church property, $2,284,000. Total raised for all purposes, $373,479, 100 pastoral charges in Canada. Foreign missions in west coast of Africa.

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST— 14,554 members, 110 churches.

EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION— 9,978 members, 119 churches.

ROMAN CATHOLIC— 1 Cardinal, 11 Archbishops, 30 Bishops, 4,917 priests, 3,056 churches, 212 institutions of charity. Catholic women's League of Canada has 50,000 members.

.SALVATION ARMY— CANADA EAST— 93 staff and 767 field officers; 124 cadets in training; 121 outposts; 280 corps; 43 homes and camps; 69 day schools. CANADA WEST — 457 field and staff officers, 125 corps and circles, 24 societies and outposts ; 1 school, 25 social institutions.

VARIOUS RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS— Lord 's Day Alliance of Canada; 40,000 members; 9 provincial organizations ; local branches in chief centres. Young Men 's Christian Association; 126 associations in Canada, with 50,000 members. Young Womens Association: 40 associa- tions in Canada, with 30,000 members. 6 foreign work secretaries. Canadian Bible Society distributes Scriptures in 110 languages and dialects in Canada.

NATIONAL BOYS' WORK BOARD— 1,800 groups of 25,000 Canadian boys are taking the Canadian Standard Efficiency Training Course in Protestant Churches and Y.M.C.A. Also hundreds of girls under National Girl's Work Board.

TELEPHONES.

(Year ending Dec. 31, 1919.)

COMPANIES — 2,219, viz.: 5 Government, 89 municipal, 666 stock, 1,346 co-operative, 18 partnership, 95 private.

CAPITAL AND EARNINGS— $100,587,833; cost of phone interests, $125,017,222; gross earnings, $29,401,000; operating expenses, $20,081,436; net earnings, $9,319,570.

MILEAGE, ETC.— Wire mileage, 2,105,240; 20,491 em- ployees; salaries and wages, $15,774,586.

NUMBER OF PHONES— 778,758, increase of 54,258 in year. Increase of 18 per cent, in 18 months. Ontario 64

leads with 332.272: Que., 127,028; Sask., 78,861; B.C., 67,449; Man., 62,969; Alta., 49,338; N.S., 30,653; N.B., 26,760; P.E.I., 3,238; Yukon, 190. 11.3 persons per phone; 23.8 in 1911. Telephones per 100 of population: Canada, 8.8; Great Britain, 2; U.S., 13.6.

TELEGRAPHS.

(Year ending Dec. 31. 1920.)

MESSAGES— 1920 : Land, 15,589,711; cablegrams, 1,162,204, including 161,101 marconigrams. $7,045,661 trans- ferred.

COMPANIES — Canada had 10 operating telegraph and cable companies, with 4,825 offices, 7,508 operators. Capi- tal, $85,000,000.

EARNINGS— Gross, of cable, telegraph and wireless raid Government services, $11,337,428, operating expenses, $9,589,982; net operating revenue, $1,747,447.

WIRE MILEAGE— 238,866 miles of telegraph wire and 52,393 of pole line; only 7,227 wire mileage in 1867.

WIRELESS — Canada has wireless stations from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the head of Lake Superior. Mar- coni Co. plans a string of wireless plants across Canada to form part of a chain encircling the Empire.

GOVERNMENT TELEGRAPHS— Canada owns and operates one of the greatest telegraph systems in the world of 1,500 offices, 31,000 miles of poles,* and 114,000 miles of wire.

WIRELESS SERVICE — Canada ranks second to none in the world, covering the Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Gulf and on Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and including the Cana- dian trans-Atlantic wireless service. 563 stations in opera- tion on land and ships; 341,333 messages transmitted in 1920 ; revenue, $50,322. Marconi Co. plans a string of wire- less plants across Canada to form part of a chain encircling the Empire.

PACIFIC CABLE— Traffic between Canada and Aus- tralia, 1919-20, 443,600 words.

IMPERIAL CABLE— Is being established. First link will include India, Singapore, Hong Kong and Australia. Already operating from London to Halifax.

COAL RESERVES. — Canada has some of the world's most promising coal fields. Nova Scotia has over 2 billion metric tons of actual reserves; British Columbia, more than 23 billion tons. Alberta coal estimated to form 15 per cent, of worlds supply.

65

TEMPERANCE.

Per capita consumption of liquor in Canada.

Spirits. Beer. Wine. Total.

Gals. Gals. Gals. Gals.

1915 872 6,071 .095 7.038

1916 745 4.950 .062 5.757

1917 698 4.188 .061 4.947

1918 699 3.414 .061 4.174

1919 ,391 2.948 .025 3.364

1920 624 4.100 .078 4.802

1921 857 3.954 .077 4.888

PROHIBITION IN CANADA— 7 out of 9 provinces are "bone dry". Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick are now all under the one Dominion law, prohibiting importation, which in Ontario is enforced by the Sandy Act (provincial), for- bidding the delivery of liquor within the province (short- circuiting). British Columbia and Quebec have govern- ment sale systems, with a few Quebec municipalities under the Scott Act.

CANADA'S "DRY" AREA— Area of 1,187,506 square miles and population of 337,272, under prohibition but not "bone-dry" laws. 5,300,433 are under "bone-dry" pro- hibition laws, leaving only 234,253 square miles and popula- tion of 377,272.

CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNESS— 1914, 60,067; 1915, 41,161; 1916, 32,730; 1917, 27,882; 1918, 21,026; 1919, 24,217.

DISTILLERIES — Canada had six in 1918; production value, $2,834,797; capital, $10,018,168; malt liquors, 63 plants; production, $16,223,080.

TRADE.

TRADE EXPANSION.— Canada's total trade has multi- plied 20 times since Confederation; exports 23-fold; im- ports nearly 20-fold.

AD VALOREM RATE OF DUTY— Average rate, 1920-21, on dutiable imports, 23.3 per cent. ; on total imports, 15.7 p.c.

Canada's debit balance of trade of $4,000,000 in 1901, was changed to credit of $600,000,000 in ,1918— the war- time peak year of production.

Trade percentage increase in 20 years totalled 623 p.c., including: Mines, 154 p.c.; fisheries, 279 p.c.; forests 252 p.c.; animals, 364 p.c.; agriculture, 861 p.c.; mamifac- tures, 2,700 p.c.

66

TRADE WITH PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES.

Countries. Imports for Consumption. Exports (Can.)

1920. 1921.

United Kingdom . .$213,973,562 $312,844,871

United States 856,176,820 542,322,967

Australia 791,980 18,112,861

Belgium 4,693,368 40,252,487

British Africa 262,782 15,556,593

Br. East Indies 14,307,404 6,388,898

Br. West Indies 14,910,705 14,554,217

China 1,897,349 4,906,570

Cuba 30,743,239 6,573,768

France 19,1 38,062 27,428,308

C!erniany 1,547,685 8,215,337

Greece 817,157 20,834,577

Italy 1,745,330 57,758,343

Japan 11,360,821 6,414,920

Netherlands 4,237,791 20,208,418

Newfoundland 2,886,203 16,676,728

.\\-\v Zealand 4.219,965 11,873,000

South America 19,356,073 18,073,772

IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION BY MAIN GROUPS

1920. 1921.

Vr-geinble products $242,075,389 $261,081,364

Animal products 95,098,743 61,722,390

Fibre-* and textile products... 231,559,877 243,608,342

Wood, wood prod'ts and paper 43,183,267 57,449,384

Iron and its products 186,319,876 245,625,703

Non-ferrous metal products... 52,103,913 55.553,902

Non-metallic mineral products. 121,956,176 206.095,113

Chemicals and allied products. 29,886,102 36,334,612

All other commodities 62,344,780 72,688,072

TOTALS $1,064,528,123 $1,240,158,882

CANADIAN PRODUCE EXPORTED BY MAIN GROUPS.

1920. 1921.

Vegetable products $416.122,771 $482.924 672

Animal products 314,017,944 188,359,937

Fibres and textile products... 34.028.314 . 18,7.83. ss4

Wood, wood prod'ts and paper 213,913,944 284.561. 47S

Iron and its products 81,785,829 76.500,741

Non-ferrous metal products. .. 54.976,413 45,939,377

Non-metallic mineral products. 30.342,926 40,121.892

Chemicals and allied products. 22.581,049 19.582,051

All other commodities 71,722,408 32,389,669

TOTALS $1,239,492,098 $1,189,163,701

67

PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES EXPORTED.

(Canadian Produce.)

Commodity. Wheat $	Value. 310,952,138 86,151,853 78,922,137 71,552,037 66,520,490 56,680,626 37,146,722 33,130,003 31,492.407 22,099,553 21,513,594 19,905,020 19,582,051 17,349,135 16,501,478 15,136,525 14,152033 13,314,089 13,181,170 12.633,389 12,299.478 11,731.061 11,469 050 10,841,366 10,839,528 10,320,878	Commodity. Nickel	Value. $9,405*,291 9,257,188 8,331,298 8,187,437 7,081,369 6,277,211 6,231,170 5,226,890 5,128,831 4,732,207 4,677,815 4,646,819 4,425,850 4,210,594 3,905.570 3,848.102 :•:. 192. 174 3,038,779 2,343,965 2,108256 2,107,180 1,481 d!»7 1,350,201 1,115,251
Lumber Newsprt' paper. Wood pulp .... Wheat flour . . . Iron and Steel. Cheese Fish ....	Silver bullion.. . Beef, fresh Condensed milk. Leath. & mf s. of Oth. metals,n.o.p. Eye
Wear'g apparel. Butter
Bacon and hams Cattle .
Hides and skins. Oth. meats, n.o.p. Aluminum Eggs Hay
Pulpwood Vehicles Chem. & prods.. Vessels Coal Sugar & molasses Oats Copper
Woollens Flaxseed Hinder twine . . Spirits Gold bullion . . . Oatmeal. Wool, raw Cement
Oth. paper, n.o.p Asbestos, raw. . . Oth. wood, n.o.p. Furs, undressed. Barley . .
Clover seed .... Bran Malt Cotton goods . .
Vegetables Gutta percha . . Fruits .

TRADE WITH GROUPS OF COUNTRIES.

Imports for Consumption from

Fiscal	British	Foreign	United	United
Years.	Empire.	Countries.	Kingdom.	States,
1916	$105,2-36,489	$402,964,645	$ 77,404,361	$370,880,549
1917	144,134 385	702,310,493	107,090,735	665,312,759
1918	128,055,371	835,477,207	81,324,28.°,	792,894,1)57
1919	123,671,540	796,040,165	73,035,118	750,203,024
1920	174,351,659	890,176,464	126,302,fi:;i	801. 097, .".is
1921	266,002,688	974,155,194	213,973,502	856,170.820.
Exports (Canadian) to
1916	$482,529,733	$259,080,905	$451,852,398	$201,106,488
1917	775,740,446	375,635,322	742,147,537	280,616.330
1918	888,895,275	651,132,513	845,480,069	4i7.L':',::,i',s7
1919	605,159,789	611,284,017	540,750,977	454,873,170
1920	561,788,003	677,704,095	489,152,637	464,028,183
1921	403,452,219	785,711,482	312,844,871	542,322,967

IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND DUTY

Fiscal.

Years.

1912

1913

1914

191«">

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1821

Fiscal

Years.

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

(Merchandise only.)

Dutiable Free Total

Imports. Imports. Imports.

$335,304,060 $187,100,615 $522,404,675

441,606,885 229,600,349 671,207,234

410,258,744 208,935,254 619,193,998

279,792,195 176,163,713 .455,955,908

289,366,527 218,834,607 508,201,134

461,733,609 384,717,269 846,450.878

542,341,522 421,191,056 963,532,578

526,494,658 393,217,047 919,711,705

693,655,165 370,872,958 1,064,528,123

847,561,406 392,597,476 1,240,158,882

Duty Collected. & 87,576,037 115,063,688 107,180,578 79,205,910 103,940,101 147,631,455 161,595,629 158,046,334 187,524,182 179,667,683

EXPORTS AND TOTAL TRADE

Canadian

Exports.

$290,223,857

355,754600

431,588,439

409,418,836

741,610,638

1,151,375,768

1,540,027,788

1,216,443,806

1,239,492,098

1,189,163,701

Total Trade.

Province.

Ontario

Quebec

Nova Scotia . . . . New Brunswick .

P. K. Island

Manitoba

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan . . .

Yukon

Prep. P.O. pkgs..

Foreign Total

Exports. Exports. $17,492,294 $307,716,151 $830,120,826 21,313,755 377,068,355 1,048,275,589 23,848,785 455,437,224 1,074,631,222 52,023,673 461,442',509 917,398,417 37.689,432 779,300,070 1,287,501,204 27,835,332 1,170,211,100 2,025,661,978 46,142,004 1,586,169,792 2,549,702,370 52,321,479 1,268,765,285 2,188,476,990 47,166,611 1,286,658,709 2,351,186,832 21,264,418 1,210,428,119 2,450,587,001 TRADE BY PROVINCES. Imports for Exports of Can. Produce. $418,196,047 $ 461,497,001 64,531,716 467,655 24,537,315 83,558,649 112,685,111 1,223,258 22,293,583 173,366

Consumption.

.$602,737,014

. 362,495,158

. 38,823,401

. 41,939,560

1,248,526

. . 64,823,482

. 81,615,288

. 24,227,312

. 21,716,892

498,423

33,826

Duty Collected. 82,532,697 56,154,821 4,373,169 5,377,429 198,203 11,395,328 11,941,004 4,146,991 3,478,836 59,927 9,278

TOTALS $1,240,158,822 $1,189,163,701 $179,667,683

BALANCE OP TRADE.

Years. Total Imports. Total Exports.. Balance.

1912-1916 $2,776,962,949 $2,380,964,309 $395,998,640

1917-1921 5,034,382,166 6,531,233,005 . 1,496,850,839

WAR FACTS.

CANADIANS ENLISTED IN THE WAR— Total enlist- ments into Canadian Expeditionary Force, 590,572, viz.: Ontario, 245,677; Quebec, 82,793; New Brunswick, 25,864; Nova Scotia and P.E.I., 33,342; Manitoba, 66,319; Sas- katchewan, 37,666; Alberta, 45,146; British Columbia, 51,438; Yukon, 2,327. .418,052 proceeded overseas. 80 per cent, of total enlisted voluntarily.

CASUALTIES— 215,185— 9,656 officers, 205,529 other ranks. Killed in action and died of wounds, 56,763; died from other causes, 4,960; wounded, 149,732; prisoners of war, 3,729. 3,087 died in Canada; 18 in Siberia; 1,540 on strength of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment.

10,000 military tubercular patients in Canadian sana- toriums, 1921.

RETURNED SOLDIERS PLACED ON LAND— 27,033 up to September 30, 1921. Of these 6,089 are on free lands without loans, while 20,914 are settled on purchased and free lands with loans amounting to §86,933,012.60. The loans were granted for the following purposes: To purchase land, $47,457,393.14; to remove encumbrances, $2,019,836.77 ; for permanent improvements, $9,921,591.55; for stock and equipment, $26,534,191.14. Total, $85,933,012.60. So far, 415 returned men have repaid their loans in full.

WAR PENSIONS.— Annual list, payable to 50,287 dis- abled soldiers and 19,411 dependents, $30,802,607, includ- ing 25,413 wives, 34,721 children and 178 parents of dis- ability pensioners, and 16,142 children of dependent pensioners. Total paid out, up to Aug. 31, 1921, $101,- 414,216.

GREAT WAR" VETERANS' ASSOCIATION.— 849 branches, increase of 200 in years, viz. : Out., 247 : Sask., 162; Alta., 113; Man., 110; B.C., 99; N. S., 47; Que., 37; N. B., 23; P. E. I., 9.

CANADA'S ACTIVE MILITIA.— Strength, as at Nov. 30, 1921, 4,059, viz.: 441 officers, 3,648 other ranks.

WAR CLAIMS — 659 received by government from Canadian citizens from losses through German submarine, totalling $22,494,979 (up to Dec. 1, 1921).

WAR COST— Estimated to cost Canada, $2,000,000,000. Of this cost in 1921, $226,757,087, viz., interest, $140,613,- 163; pensions, $31,816,923; soldiers' land settlement, $35,017,000; soldiers' civil re-establishment, $19,310,000.

WAR REPARATIONS— Canada's share estimated at $300,000,000, or 45 per cent, of British total, based on casualties, pensions, shipping losses, etc. 70

WAR FACTS Con.

CANADIAN WAR EXPENDITURE — 1920-1, on home defence, $2.15 per capita (lowest of any civilized country) ; U.S., $13.13; Australia, $6.13; New Zealand, $5.05; Great Britain, $22.36.

WAR GRAVES— Of Canadians, 56,000, viz.: 48,000 on the battlefields of Europe; about 2,000 In Great Britain; almost 6,000 in Canada. Imperial War Graves Commis- sion will mark every grave. 500 cemeteries in France and Belgium had been planted, in 1921, with trees and flowers; a thousand others await their turn.

WESTERN CANADA.

AGRICULTURAL WEALTH— Increased from $4,761,- H39 in 1880 to $636,501,900 in 1920.

AREA. — The Western Provinces of Canada are equal in to the 9 North Atlantic States, the 9 South Atlantic s, the 8 South Central States, and the States of of North Dakota and Delaware, with 790 square miles to . Less than 14 per cent, of the available agricul- tural land is yet cultivated. .

ARABLE AREA — Prairie provinces have 270,000,000 acres of arable land; only 26,000,000, or less than 10 per c<Mit.. under cultivation. 53,913,300 acres under homesteads.

ELEVATORS— Western Canada has over 3,600 ele- vators; capacity, 110,000,000 bushels.

FARMS.— Number in prairie provinces, 1916, 218,563; the Western Provinces.

PRAIRIE FIELD CROP YIELDS— Fnal estimate, 1921, <i(;4,909,.°.90 bushels, viz.: Manitoba, 123,090,000; Sas- katchewan, 401,065,700; Alberta, 140,753,600. tnl. $224,740,148; employees on wages, 49,465; value of ju-oiliicts, $246,081,885.

FIELD CROP VALUE— 1921 (final estimate), of four m provinces, $393,818,000 out of all-Canada total of •>t»3,670, or nearly half. Of this, wheat represents •DO.OOO out of all-Canada total of $242,936,000.

HOMESTEAD ENTRIES— 500,000 entries were made, in prpiprie provinces, from 1900 to 1920, involving 8.0,000,000 acres of land.

INDIAN LANDS CEDED TO THE CROWN.— As a result of the work of the Government treaty party, which \\as in the North during summer of 1921, 372,000 square miles of territory has been ceded by the various Indian tribes to the Crown and about 1,900 Indians, who hitherto 1ml not been reached, have signified their willingness to accept the Government bounty. 71

WESTERN CANADA Con.

GRAIN AWARDS— 18 of 21 awards were captured by Alberta and Saskatchewan farmers at International Grain and Hay Show at Chicago, Nov., 1921. Saskatchewan car- ried off the second award for wheat, whilst the Grand Championship for oats was again secured by John \V. Lucas, of Cayley, Alberta, whose newr variety, ''Victory," weighed 46.4 pounds to the bushel.

HOMESTEADING— From 1900 to 1920, more than 500,000 homestead /entries were made in the prairie prov- inces, representing settlement and fencing off of 80.000,- 000 acres. 140,000 U.S. settlers made 40 per cent, of the 500,000 entries; British Isles, 91,000; Continental Europe, nearly 100,000.

INDUSTRIES— Western Canada, 1919 (preliminary cen- sus): Establishments, 6,599; capital, $482,498,201; em- ployees on wages, 86,410; wages, $97,392,944; value of products, $550,672,135.

OIL CLAIMS- -Staked along Mackenzie River for 150 miles to Arctic Circle, starting at Fort Norman, 1,500 miles north of Edmonton.

RAILWAYS,— Nearly 20,000 miles.

WHEAT. — The Northwest produces nine-tenths of the Canadian wheat crop, but not one-tenth of the good wheat land is under cultivation.

RECORD WHEAT TRAIN.— A new record for a grain moving train was created in fall of 1921, when a C.P.R. engine pulled 110 fully loaded cars of wheat, comprising 165,000 bushels, eastwards towards the Great Lakes, making train nine-tenths of a mile long.

MISCELLANEOUS.

AGRICULTURE is Canada's first industry. Canada consumes 80 per cent, of her farm production.

COST OF LIVING— Estimated for average family of •",, July, 1920 (peak), $26.91; November, 1921, $21.56.

ELEVATORS.— Canada has 3,855, with capacity of 231,213,620 bushels, compared with 2,319 in 1912, with capacity of 127,224,550 bushels. Elevators at Fort William and Port Arthur alone hold 54,685,000 bushels.

LAKES-TO-OCEAN PROJECT.— Estimate of U.S. engi- neers for dredging in the St. Lawrence and making of canals so goods can be shipped without rehandling across the ocean to any port on the Great Lakes, $250,000,000. 72

Preliminary Census Data, 1921.

[Comprising the figures released by Dominion Census Bureau up to February 10, 1922. Subject to final revision. A supplement with final and full figures will be issued later, and will be sent free on application to Canadian Facts Pub. Co.]

AREA AND POPULATION, 1911-1921.

Province. Alberta British Columbia .... Manitoba New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island	Area. Sq. Miles. 255,285 355,855 251,700 27,985 21,428 407,262 2,184 690 865	1921. Population. 581,995 523,369 613,008 388,092 524,579 2,929,054 88,536 2 349 067	1911. Pop. 374,663 392,480 461,394 351,889 492,338 2,527,292 93,728 2 005 77(5
	251,700	745,010	492,432
Yukon Northwest Territories 1	207,076 ,242,224	4,162	8,512

The Dominion 3,603,900 8,746,872 7,200,504

MARITIME PROV1 Province, Popu Citv or Town. 1921. NKW BKTXSWICK 388,092 NOVA SCOTIA 524,579 P. E. ISLAND 88,536 CJiarlottetown 12329	[NOES. lation. 1911. 351,889 492,338 93,728 11,203 2,678	Increase 1921 over 1911. No. P.C. 36,203 10.29 32,241 6.55 —5,192 —9.23 1,126 10.0 550 20.54
Summerside	3,228
CHIEF NOVA Halifax	SCOTIA CITIES AND .37.1374 46.619	TOWNS. 11,055 23.7 4,804 97.10 ' 430 2..-.0 1,002 ll.Ki 2,576 40.35 858 11.48 2,846 56.26 1,544 25.25 462 7.0 1,165 21.f.0 —758—13:27 130 2.94 377 13.59 —67 —2.11
Sydney Glace Bay Amherst New Glasgow Sydney Mines Dartmouth Truro	22,527 16,992 ' 9,975 8,959 8,328 7,904 7,651 7,062	17,723 16,562 8,973 6,383 7,470 5,058 6,107 6,600 5,418 4*417 2,775 3,179
Yarmouth
North Sydney New Waterford . . . Springhill Wostville Bridgewater Pictou	6,583 5,613 4,955 4,547 3,152 3,112

-

PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921— Con.

Chief Nova Scotia Cities and Towns-Con.

Increase 1921

Stellarton Windsor	Popu 192L 5,186 3,589 2952	lation. 1911. . 3,910 3,452 2,719 1,749 2,681 2,856 2,304 2,589 2,109	over!911. No. P.O. 1,276 32.63 137 3.97 233 8.57 1,088 62.21 105 3.92 —111 —3.89 413 17.93 —199 —7.69 154 7.30
Trenton	2,837 2 786
Parrsboro Kentville Dominion	2,745 2,717 2,390
Liverpool	2,263

CHIEF NEW BRUNSWICK CITIES AND TOWNS.

Moneton	17,396 8 081	11,345 7 208	6,051 53.4 873 12 11
Sackville Campbellton Chatham Edmundston	6,625 5,569 4,489 4 033	2,039 3,817 4,666 1 821	4,586 22.5 1,752 45.90 —177 —3.79 2 212 "121 47
Newcastle St. Stephen Bathurst Woodstock Sussex	3,510 3,449 3,311 3,377 2,198	2,945 2,836 960 3,856 1.906	565 19.19 613 21.61 2,351 244.90 _479_-j2.42 292 15.32

MONTREAL ISLAND.

MONTREAL ISLAND. . .712,909 554,761158,148 28.51

Chief Centres:

Montreal City 607,063 498,880117,183 23.92

Verdun 24,888 11,629 13,259 114.02

Westmount 16,711 14,579 2,132 14.62

Lachine 15,448 11,688 3,760 32.16

Outremont 12,997 4,820 8,177 167.65

CHIEF QUEBEC CITIES AND TOWNS.

Hull 23,867

Three Rivers 22,317

Sherbrooke 22,097

Shawinigan Falls 10,606

St. Hyacinthe 10,852

Levis 10,479

18,222 5,645 31.0 13,691 8,626 63.05 16,405 5,692 34.7 6,341 148.67 1,055 10.7

4,265 9,797

7,452 3,027 40.62

PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921 -Con.

Chief Quebec Cities and Towns-Con.

Increase 1921 Population. over 1 9 1 1 .

Valleyfield .Joliette Grand Mere La Tuque St. Jerome .Joiujiiieres Montmagny Buckingham f]ast Angus	1921. . . . . 9,180 9,036 7,637 5,603 r,,4Hi 4,851 4,125 3,827 3,802	1911. 9,449 6,346 4,783 2,934 3,473 2,354 2,617 3,854	Xo. P.G. —269 —2.84 —2,690—42.38 2,854 59.67 2,669 70.95 2,018 58.10 2,497 106.07 1,508 57.62 _27 —0.70
	3,602	3 097	505 1630
Coatieook	3,554 3 308	3,165 3 560	389 12.29 — 252 — 7 07
Drummondvilh Black Lake Bromptonvillc	2,851 2,623 2,595 2330	1,725 2,645 1,239 1 402	1,126 65.27 —22 —0.83 1,356 109.44 928 6619
Baie St. Paul	2,296 2 248	1,857 2 105	430 143 6 79
Bagotville Berthier	2,204 2,184	1,011 1,335	1,193 118.00 849 63.59
CHIEF Toronto Hamilton Ottawa	ONTARIO 519,290 113,894 107,137	CITIES. 381,900 81,969 87,062	137,390 o3.71 31,925 38.94 20,075 23.1
London	60,685 38541	46,300 17 S"!>	14,385 31.1 20 712 116 17
Brant ford	29,395 23 954	23,132 20 660	6,263 27.07 3294 1.1'M
Kitchener Sault Ste Marie »	21,605 21 228	15,196 10984	6,409 42.17 10,244 93.2*}
Peterboro Fort William	20,989 20521	18,360 16499	2,627 14.31 4,022 24 :-'-7
St. Catharines Guelph	19,664 18 019	12,484 1.1 17.1	7,180 57.51 2,844 18.74
Port Arthur Stratford	16,134 16,064	11,220 12;946	4,914 43.79 3,118 24.0
St. Thomas Niagara Falls City	.... 15,924 14,695	14,054 9,248	1,870 13.30 '•.447 58.90
Sarnia Gait .	14,637 . 13,210	9,947 10,299	4,690 47.15 2,911

PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921 -Con.

Chief Ontario Cities and Towns- Con.

Chatham Belleville	12,301 12,163	10,770 9 876	1,531 14.21 2 287 23 16
Owen Sound Oshawa	12,174 11,552	12,558 7,436	—384 —3.05 4,116 55.3
Woodstock Brockville Welland Orillia	9,659 9,057 8,677 8,910	9,320 9,374 5,318 6,828	339 3.6 —37 —3.4 3,359 63.16 2,082 34.9
Pembroke Lindsay	7,871 7,542	5,626 6,964	2,245 39.90 578 8.30
Walkerville	7,040	3,302	3,738 113.20

POPULATION OF CHIEF ONTARIO TOWNS OF 2,500 AND OVER.

North Bay	Populi 1921. . . 10,629 . . 8,572 . . 7,382 . . 5,869 . . 5,886 . . 5,407 . . 5,330 . . 4,976	ition. 1911. 7,737 4,150 6,598 7,000 4,359 6,158 5,074 4,299 3,846 3,412 5,092 2,199 5,638 4,405 4,522 3,568	Ins. 1921 over 1911. 2,892 4,422 784 —3,131 1,527 —751 256 677 1,054 1,102 —634 2,252 —1,198 —352 —423 436
Cornwall Collingwood Waterloo Kenora Cobourg Dundas
Renfrew Brampton	. . 4,900 . . 4,514 . . 4,458 . . 4,451 . . 4,440 . . 4,053 . . 4,099 . . 4,004
Poxt Hope Sturgeon Falls Cobalt Arnprior
Penetanguishene .... 4 ...

CHIEF ONTARIO TOWNS, POPULATION 500 TO 2,500.

Listowel 2,473

Bracebridge 2,423

Almonte 2,413

Bridgeburg 2,401

New Liskeard 2,254

Aurora 2,296

Alexandria 2,195

Orangeville 2,184

Aylmer, Ont 2,193

Huntsville 2,236

Kincardine 2,074

Clinton 3,016

2,289	184 8.03
2,7.76	—353—12.71
2,452	—39 —1.59
1,770	631 35.64
2,108	146 6.92
1,901	395 20.77
2,323	—128 —5.51
2,340	—156 —6.66
2,102	91 4.32
2,358	—122 —5.17
1,956	118 • 6.03
2,254	_238— 10.55

PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921 Con. MANITOBA.

Increase 1921

Population. over!911.

1921. 1911. No. P.O.

PROVINCE . . . Cities:	613,008 461,190 151,818 32.92 178364 136035 42329 3112
St. Bonifac-f . Brandon .... Portage la Prai Chief Towns: Dauphin	12,816 7,483 5,333 71.20 15,359 13,839 1,520 10.99 He...". 6,748 5,892 856 14.60 , 3,862 2,815 1,047 37.19 4 180
Selkirk Yeepawa	3,722 2,977 745 25.03 1,887 1 864 23 1 23
The Pas	1,859
Souris • man	1,710 1,859 —144 —7.77 1,585 1,271 314 27.70
CHIEF Moose Jaw Swift Current	SASKATCHEWAN CITIES. 19,175 13,823 5,352 38.72 3,492 1 852 1 640 88 55
Yorkton	5,153 2,309 2,844 123.17
ALBERTA . . . Cities: Calgary Edmonton . . . Lcthbridge Medicine Hat	ALBERTA. 581,995 374,6633*7,332 55.34 63,117 43,704 19,413 44.42 58,627 31,064 27,563 88.73 11,055 8,050 3,005 37.3 9 575 5 608 3 967 70 74
If.'.l Deer Wetaskiwin . . . Chief Towns: Drumheller	2,323 2,118 205 9.68 2,056 2,411 —355—14.72 Increase 1921 Population. over!911. 1921. 1911. No. P.O. 2 504 . . .
('amrose Macleod Taber Coleman Cardston Blairmore .... Yegreville . . . •tier	1,895 1,586 309 210.42 1,707 1,844 —137 —7.43 1,668 1,400 268 19.14 1,582 1,557 25 1.61 1,593 1,207 386 31.98 1,550 1,137 413 36.32 1,475 1,029 446 43.34 1,416 1,444 —28 —1.94

PRELIMINARY CENSUS DATA, 1921— Con.

CHIEF BRITISH COLUMBIA CITIES AND TOWNS.

-

Victoria South Vancouver	. . . 38,775 32 182	31,660 16 126	7,115 16 056	22.05 99 56
New. Westminster North Vancouver Nanaimo and Suburbs . Nelson . . . . : Prince Kupert Kamloops Revelstoke Fernie	. . . 14,440 . . . 9,987 . . . 9,025 . . . 5,236 . . . 6,376 . . . 4,487 . . . 4,350 . . . 4,343	13,199 8,196 8,306 4,476 4,184 3,772 3,017 3,146	1,241 1,791 719 760 2,192 715 1,333 1,197	9.40 21.08 8.65 16.97 52.39 18.95 44.18 38.04

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Canada has 3,296 Eskimos and 105,998 Indians.

Canada's natural wealth equals $2,000 per capita.

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Nearly half of Canada's manufactures are in Ontario.

42 extradition treaties of Gt. Britain apply to Canada.

5,228 died from tuberculosis in 8 provinces in 1920.

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40,000 United Empire Loyalists entered Canada after 1784.

Canada has 174 steam and 64 electric railway companies.

Foreign countries have 300 consuls and vice-consuls Canada.

1,250 flour mills have aggregate annual capacity o 300,000,000 bbls.

Canada has 8,000 doctors, one to 1,050 of population. U.S. one to 720.

3,594 are registered with the Canadian National Institute for the Blind.

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The Bible is issued, in whole or in part, in over 100 lan- guages and dialects in Canada.

Ontario has 8 racing associations; $56,778,596 wagered, 1921. Gate receipts, $1,895,099.

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Canada's percentage of population. 1911: Eural, 55 urban, 45. United States, 21 and 79.

Canada has 2 leper hospitals: at D'Arcy Island, B.C., and Tracadie, N.B., with 13 patients on March 31, 1920.

Canada has created an antelope preserve, in Alberta, with. 100 animals of the total existing, 800-900.

Canada's new farthest north Royal Canadian Mounted Police post has been set up at extreme north of Baffin 's Land.

Canada has 400,000 miles of roads. Canadian Government voted $20,000,000 for good roads, divided among provinces on basis of population. 17,000 miles are comprised in the system.

Canada has five women members of Provincial Legislatures viz: Mrs. Ralph Smith, B.C.; Mrs. L. C. McKinney, Alta.; Miss R. C. McAdams, Alta.; Mrs. Rodgers, Man.; Mrs. Nellie McClung, Alta,

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