0.630.7 lt()C no. 899 19G5 cop, 5 I';!!l-iil!!li:!,. ■ .r.l I'! I Ml Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2Q11 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/1965condensedins91965urba Ip/ } ^^M6S €ondensed Insecticide Recommendations ^ECEl VED lUY 18 '^^'^^^ nV?" 7 °' *° Of ft CIRCULATING COPY AGRICULTURE LIBRARY Insects and related pests play a major role in field crop production in Illinois. Although normal agro- nomic practices developed during the past century have reduced the importance of many insect pests, chinch bugs, grasshoppers, armyworms, aphids, white grubs, wireworms, cutworms, and many other native insects have continued to be threats to grain and forage production. These native pests have been joined by such aliens as the European corn borer, Japanese beetle, alfalfa weevil, spotted alfalfa aphid, southwestern corn borer, sweet clover weevil, and others. Without the use of the modern insecti- cides, these pests would seriously hamper economi- cal production by Illinois farmers and harvests would be much less bountiful. Weather variations from year to year greatly affect insect populations, but annually Illinois farmers reap more than 20 millions dollars profit from the use of insecticides to control field crop pests. Financial gain from use of insecticides has not been the only compensation. Use of modern insecti- cides reduces stalk breakage and lodging from insect damage. This possibly has reduced the incidence of clogged pickers and accidents. Proper use of insec- ticides has also greatly reduced the need for replant- ing. Thus proper use of insecticides is an integral part of our farming business. However, those using insecticides should apply all the scientific knowledge available to insure that there will be no illegal residue on the marketed crop. Such knowledge is condensed on the label. Read it carefully and follow the instructions. But the label should be recent and not from a container several years old. Do not exceed maximum rates recommended; observe carefully the interval be- tween application and harvest; and apply only to crops for which use has been approved. Make a record of the product used, the trade name, the per- centage content of the insecticide, dilution, rate of application per acre, and the date or dates of appli- cation. Some of the insecticides recommended in this publication can be poisonous to the applicator. The farmer is expected to protect himself, his workers, and his family from undue or needless exposure. The chemical names used in these tables may be unfamiliar to you. These names are the common coined chemical names and as such are not capital- ized. Trade names are capitalized. In the table of limitations the common names are listed first. Should the trade name be more commonly used, it is in parentheses following the common name. Throughout the tables of recommendations, how- ever, the common name is used if there is one. In case of question, refer to the table of limitations. Recommendations sometimes change during the growing season. These recommendations are printed only once each year and are therefore subject to change without notification. These recommendations were prepared by ento- mologists of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and the Illinois Natural History Sur- vey and replace mimeographs NHE 98 through 101. Descriptions of specific insects, their life history, biology, and cultural control methods are available. These are designated in the tables with NHE num- bers, and can be obtained from the county farm adviser or by writing to 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana, Illinois. Insecticide recommendations for vegetable crops (Circular 897), for livestock and livestock barns (Circular 898), and for the homeowner (Circular 900) can also be obtained from the above offices or from the College of Agriculture, Urbana. CIRCULAR 899 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE Urbana, Illinois, January, 1965 SPECIAL RECOMMENDATION CHANGES FOR 1965 We are recommending a conservative insecticide policy for Illinois dairy farmers. Certain chlorinated hydro- carbon insecticides are secreted in the butterfat when dairy cattle are exposed to minute amounts of them; fantastically small amounts of these insecticides can be chemically detected; the tolerance for insecticides in milk is zero. Therefore we recommend that the Illinois dairy farmer control insects with insecticides which, even though ingested in moderate amounts by dairy cows, are not secreted in the milk; we recommend that in 1965 he not use the chlorinated hydrocarbons, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor, lindane, or toxaphene except for corn seed treatment. If these insecticides are applied as foliage sprays or dusts immediately adjacent to dairy pasture or forage crops, those using them must exercise great care to avoid drift. Furthermore we urge each dairy farmer purchasing ensilage corn, other forage, or feed to determine whether an objectionable residue is present. Contaminated feed should not be fed to dairy cattle. In addition, dairymen should not apply chlorinated hydrocarbons in dairy build- ings or barns or on cattle. This step is not needed to protect public health nor to satisfy legal requirements, both of which are currently being met by Illinois dairymen. However, during the past two years occasional accidents, excessive drift, or misuse of these insecticides in other states has led to vol- untary dumping of milk which was followed by unwar- ranted and unfavorable publicity for the entire dairy industry. These accidents and much of this unfavorable publicity can be avoided by adopting a policy that will enable Illinois dairymen to continue to produce a whole- some, nutritious, and legal product. Dairy farmers should realize the impact these recom- mendations will have on their insect control practices. The insecticides recommended to replace the chlorinated hydrocarbons often may be more expensive, more dif- ficult to apply, and more dangerous to the applicator, and may provide less effective insect control. Even though these chlorinated hydrocarbons have label clearance for certain uses on dairy farms, we are currently recommend- ing their discontinuance by dairy farmers to prevent any accidental contamination of milk. Resistant northern corn rootworms have been present in Illinois for at least three years. However, we do not recommend that Illinois farmers change their soil insecti- cide practice because of them. If you have grown corn for 8 or 10 years in succession in a field, if you have used soil insecticides almost every year, if the corn lodged in August, and if there were lots of green beetles in the fresh silks, you may have resistant northern corn root- worm. In this case, plant some other crop in the field for two years. If this is not feasible and corn is to be planted, then use one of the recommended phosphates. For these fields we recommend that an application of II/2 pounds per acre of aldrin or heptachlor be broadcast and disked in before planting to control the entire complex of soil insects. However, only a very small percentage of Illinois farmers will find it necessary to make these two applica- tions. Most will find that only aldrin or heptachlor is necessary to control soil insects. This statement does not apply to the dairyman, as indicated above. DOSAGE RATES FOR SOME COMMON INSECTICIDE FORMULATIONS Insecticide Formulation Use following fraction of gallon or lb. of granules or powder per acre to get indicated pounds of active ingredient: (pounds of active ingredient) V2 H \V. 20% aldrin granules 2.5 lb. . 5 1b. 7.5 lb. 10 1b. 5% carbaryl If ... 20 30 40 5% DDT >« 10 ] [5 lb. 20 30 40 14% diazinon »» ... 7 10.5 14 10% dithiodemeton II 5 10 . . . 20% heptachlor It 2.5 5 7.5 10 10% parathion II 5 10 10% phorate II 5 10 80% carbaryl powder IMlb. IJ^lb. 2Hlb. 50% diazinon II 2 3 4 25% Guthion II 2 lb. 4 25% aldrin concentrate 34 gal. . ¥2 gal. Mgal. Igal. 46% carbophenothion II ... y% . . . 25%, DDT II M K % 1 26% derneton II Vn gal. y% gal. M . . . . . . . . . 18.6% dieldrin II ^4 gal. . % . . . 25% heptachlor II M Vi M 1 50-57% malathion 11 ... K . . . . . . 25% methoxychlor II M H % 1 25% naled II . . . y% H . . . . . . 25% parathion II .. 3^ M . . . . . . . 60% toxaphene II . . . M KEEP A RECORD OF WHAT YOU DO Crop and stage of growth Insecticide Trade name Active ingredient Total amount used Date of application Date of harvest Other information LIMITATIONS IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION OF THE INSECTICIDE AND HARVEST OF THE CROP AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF INSECTICIDES FOR FIELD CROP INSECT CONTROL (Blanks in the table denote that the material is not recommended for that specific use in Illinois) Field corn - Forage crops Seed and soil Grain Ensilage Stover Alfalfa Clover Pasture Seed aldrin A carbaryl (Sevin) • . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DDT . . . A D D . . . . . . demeton (Systox)^ . . . . . . . . 21,E 21, E 21,E 21,E diazinon A 0 10 10 10 10 2 10 dieldrin A 60 D D dithiodemeton (Di-Syston)' 100 . . . . . . , , . . . . . . Guthion^ . . . . . . . . 21,E 21,E . . . 21,E heptachlor A . . . . . . . . . . . . . ■ . malathion . . . 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 methoxychlor . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 7 7 naled (Dibrom) . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 4 4 parathion^ A 12 12 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . phorate (Thimet)^ A B B B . . . . . . . . . . . . toxaphene A C C D Barley Oats - Rye Wheal t Soybeans Grain Straw Grain Straw Grain Straw Grain Straw Forage Grain carbaryl (Sevin) F F F F F F F F 0 0 carbophenothion (Trithion)^ . . . . . . . . . D 7 demeton (Systox)* 45,G 21,G 45,G 21,G 45, G 21,G . dieldrin 7 D 7 D 7 D 7 D D 35,E dithiodemeton (Di-Syston)^ . . . . . . . . . . . . H . . . . . . parathion^ 15 15 15 15 . . . 15 15 . . . . . . phorate (Thimet)* . . . . . . . . . . . . H . toxaphene 14,E D 7,E D 7,E D 7,E D D A 1. Except as granules, to be applied only by experienced operators D. wearing proper protective clothing. A. No specific restriction when used as recommended. E. B. Do not apply if soil application was used. Otherwise apply be- F. fore tassel stage. G. C. Do not feed treated forage to dairy animals. Do not feed sprayed forage or granular-treated corn silage to livestock H, fattening for slaughter nor granular-treated stover within 28 days of slaughter. Do not feed treated forage to dairy animals or livestock fatten- ing for slaughter. Once per cutting. Not after boot stage. Apply no more than twice per season with at least 14 days be- tween applications. Do not graze treated wheat. FIELD CORN Insects Time of attack Insecticide Lb. active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Seed corn maggot Seed corn beetle (NHE-27) At germination dieldrin heptachlor Follow manu- facturer's directions On seed Protects seed only. Use with resistant rootworm soil treatment. Southern and June-August northern corn rootworm (NHE-26) aldrin^ heptachlor^ 1 in row 1}4 broadcast same as aldrin In soil In soil To control soil insect complex. If broad- cast, work into soil immediately. Resistant corn June-August rootworm' diazinon granules 1 dithiodemeton granules 1 parathion granules 1 phorate granules 1 Soil surface Apply as 7-inch band on soil immediately ahead of press wheel. VVireworm (NHE-43) White grub (NHE-23) May-July May-October heptachlor^ aldrin^ 1 in row In soil 1 14 broadcast or 3 on peat soils or if many large worms are present Same as aldrin In soil If broadcast, work into soil immediately. 1}4 lb. kills only small ones. Grape colaspis (NHE-25) May -July As for rootworm; broadcast preferred. Sod webworm (NHE-42) May-June carbaryl DDT' 1 At base of plant At time of initial attack. Cutworm May-June Broadcast preplant soil treatment of aldrin' or heptachlor' preferred as preventive. (NHE-38) carbaryl 2 -^t base When damage is first seen; use 50-100 dieldrin' \4 °^ plant gal. of finished spray per acre. toxaphene' 3 Grasshopper (NHE-74) June- September carbaryl diazinon dieldrin' malathion toxaphene' M. 1 1^ On entire As needed. For ensilage corn use diazi- plant non, malathion, or carbar>'l. Flea beetle (NHE-36) May- June carbaryl toxaphene' 1^ Over row When damage becomes apparent on small corn. Armyworm (NHE-21) May- June carbaryl toxaphene' 1^ Over row At first migration or when damage first becomes apparent. Fall armyworm (NHE-34) June; August- September carbaryl granules toxaphene' granules W2 In whorls Granules preferred for whorl. When silk- ing (see earworm). Chinch bug (NHE-35) June-August carbaryl dieldrin' 1 y2 At base of plant At beginning of migration. Also apply strip in adjacent grain. Thrips (NHE-39) June carbaryl 1 As foliage spray When severe wilting and discoloration are noticed. Corn leaf aphid (NHE-29) July- September malathion parathion' phorate granules 1 1 As foliage spray In whorl Pretassel when aphids are thick on occa- sional plants. Pretassel Corn borer, first generation June-July carbaryl granules DDT granules' diazinon granules W2 1 On upper 3^ of plant and into whorl When tassel ratio is 30 to 50, and 75% or more plants show recent borer feeding in whorl. Corn borer, second generation Mid-August carbaryl DDT' diazinon As for first generation From ear upward At first hatch when there are 1 or more egg masses per plant. Corn earworm (NHE-33) July-August carbaryl spray IK In ear zone, seed corn only 2 to 4 applications at 3- to 5-day intervals, starting at 10% silk. 25 gal. of finished spray per acre. * Not for use on dairy farms. If for foliage application adjacent to dairy pasture or hay crop, avoid drift. ' Dairy farmers should use these materials in 1965 for soil insect control although they are not as effective as aldrin or heptachlor. ' To be applied only by experienced operators or those wearing protective clothing. SOYBEANS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Bean leaf beetle (NHE-67) May-June, August carbaryl toxaphene^ 1 On foliage When leaf feeding becomes severe, but before plants killed and pods eaten. Clover root curculio adult (NHE-71) May- June carbaryl toxaphene^ 1 On marginal rows When clover is plowed up, beetles mi- grate to adjacent beans. Grasshopper (NHE-74) June- September carbaryl dieldrin^ toxaphene* Ms IK On foliage When migration from adjacent crops be- gins. Flea beetle May- June carbaryl toxaphene^ 1 IK On foliage Seedlings usually attacked. Treat when needed. Green clover worm (NHE-75) August carbaryl toxaphene^ 1 tK On foliage When damage appears and small worms are numerous. Webworm (NHE-42) June-August carbaryl toxaphene^ 1 IK On foliage When damage appears and small worms are numerous. Mites June-August carbophenothion^ % On foliage As needed on field margins and entire field. ' Not for use on dairy farms. If for foliage application to fields adjacent to dairy pasture or hay crop, avoid drift. ' To be applied only by experienced operators or those wearing protective clothing. STORED GRAIN (Com, Wheat, and Oats) Insect Time of attack Insecticide^ and dilution Dosage Placement Suggestions Angoumois grain moth (earcorn) (NHE-62) April-October (Southern K of Illinois) malathion 57% E.G., 3 oz. per gal. water Apply to runoff Spray surface and sides in April and August Plant tight husk varieties. Shelled corn is not affected by Angoumois moth. Meal moths and April-October surface infestations only (NHE-63) malathion 1.0% dust malathion 57% E.G., 3 oz. per gal. water 30 lb. per 1000 sq. ft. 2 gal. per 1000 sq. ft. Spray or dust Glean and spray bin before storage. Do on surface not harvest grain until moisture is safe for storage. General Internal and ex- ternal feeders (NHE-64, 65) Rice and granary weevils Flat grain beetle Saw-toothed grain beetle Rusty grain beetle Foreign grain beetle Gadelle beetle Flour beetle April-October malathion 1.0% 40-60 lb. per dust malathion 57% E.G., 1 pt. per 3-5 gal. water 1000 bu. 3-5 gal. per 1000 bu. Spray or dust uniformly as grain is binned Glean and spray bin before storage. Do not harvest grain until moisture is safe for storage. liquid fumigant 3-5 gal. per 1000 bu. On surface; Glean and spray bin before storage. Do repeat if nee- not harvest grain until moisture is safe essary for storage. Use surface treatment of malathion as recommended for meal moths. * Use only "premium grade" malathion on grain. Malathion vaporizes and is lost rapidly when grain is heat-dried. Note : E.C. = emulsion concentrate. SMALL GRAINS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Lb. active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Grasshopper (NHE-74) June-August carbaryl dieldrin* toxaphene^ On entire plant Control early while grasshoppers are small and before they scatter over a wide area. Chinch bug (NHE-35) June-July carbaryl dieldrin' H At ground and base of stalk Treat strip in grain to protect corn from migrating bugs. Armyworm (NHE-21) May- June carbarj'l toxaphene^ IH On foliage When worms are still small and before damage is done. Greenbug May-June demeton^ parathion^ On foliage When needed. Hessian fly Sept. -October; April-May dithiodemeton phorate ^ M In drill row 5 lb. of 10% granules at seeding with a grass-seeder attachment. For susceptible varieties seeded early in fall. ' Not for use on dairy farms. If for foliage application to fields adjacent to dairy pasture or hay crop, avoid drift. ' To be applied only by experienced operators or those wearing protective clothing. CLOVER AND ALFALFA Insect Time of attack Lb. active Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application On foliage When 50% of tips are being skeletonized second growth may need protection. Alfalfa weevil April-June diazinon 1 Guthion^ H malathion 1 methoxychlor IH Clover leaf weevil (NHE-12) March-April malathion 1 On foliage When larvae are numerous and damage is noticeable, usually early to mid-April. Spittlebug (NHE-13) Late April, early May methoxychlor 1 On foliage When bugs begin to hatch and tiny spit- tle masses are found in crowns of plants. Aphid (NHE-14 and 19) April-May demeton^ diazinon malathion 1 On foliage When aphids are becoming abundant. Leafhopper (NHE-22) Early July carbaryl methoxychlor 1 1 On foliage When second-growth alfalfa is 1 to 6 in- ches high, or as needed. Garden webworm (NHE-42) July-August carbaryl toxaphene^ 1 On foliage When first damage appears. Use toxa- phene only on new fall seedlings, not for hay or grazing. Cutworm (NHE-77) April-June carbaryl IK On foliage Cut, remove hay, and spray immediately. Armyworm (NHE-21) May- June, September carbaryl malathion 1 On foliage Only when grasses are abundant. Seed crop insects (NHE-68 and 73) July-August toxaphene' 13^ On foliage No later than 10% bloom. Grasshopper (NHE-74) June- September carbar>'l diazinon % Yi malathion 1 naled Vx On foliage When grasshoppers are small and before damage is severe. Sweet clover April-May toxaphene' weevil (NHE-15) \y2 On foliage When 50% of foliage has been eaten. New seedlings only. Observe small-grain re- strictions. ' Not for use on dairy farms. If for foliage application to fields adjacent to dairy pasture or hay crop, avoid drift. ' To be applied only by experienced operators or those wearing protective clothing. FOR YOUR PROTECTION: Always handle insecticides with respect. The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecticides are the applicator and his family. Ac- cidents and careless, needless overexposure can be avoided. Here are a few rules that if followed will prevent most insecticide accidents: 1. Wear rubber gloves when handling insecticide concentrates. 2. Do not smoke while handling or using insecticides. 3. Keep your face turned to one side when opening insecticide containers. 4. Leave unused insecticides in their original containers with the labels on them. 5. Store insecticides out of reach of children, irresponsible persons, or animals; store prefer- ably in a locked cabinet. 6. Wash out and bury or burn empty insecticide containers. 7. Do not put the water-supply hose directly into the spray tank. 8. Do not blow out clogged nozzles or spray lines with your mouth. 9. Wash with soap and water exposed parts of body and clothes contaminated with insecti- cide. 10. Do not leave puddles of spray on impervious surfaces. 11. Do not apply to fish-bearing or other water supplies. 12. Do not apply insecticides, except in an emergency, to areas with abundant wildlife. 13. Do not apply insecticides near dug wells or cisterns. 14. Do not spray when weather conditions favor drift. 15. Observe all precautions listed on the label. i Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics: University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. lOUIS B. HOWARD, Director. Act approved by Congress May 8 and June 30, 1914. f 22M—1-6S— 85031 SM— 3-65— 85994 I UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA Q.630.7IL6C COOS CIRCULAR URBANA. ILL. 899 REV. 1965 019541090