UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AGRICULTURE LIBRARY

1988 Insect Pest Management Guide COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE CROPS

Restricted-use insecticides are identified with an asterisk (*).

You must be certified as a pesticide applicator to use restricted-use pesticides.

See your county Extension adviser in agriculture for information.

Commercial vegetable gardeners find it impossible to produce vegetables profitably unless they can control insects at maximum efficiency and minimum cost. To- day's cook will not accept unsightly or wormy vegetables; not only are wormy fruits and vegetables unappetizing but the waste from trimming increases food costs. Thus the commercial grower must produce a quality product that is acceptable and safe to the consumer. Careful use of the right insecticides will make this possible.

Insect pest-management programs, which include the wise selection of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, are suggested for the major insect pests of vegetable crops. Insecticides, though, are still the most efficient means of managing most insects.

This suggested insecticide guide has been prepared for use by Illinois commercial vegetable farmers; it is not for home gardeners, who should use only those insecticides that are extremely safe to handle, apply, and store. Furthermore, the commercial vegetable grower must use a wider variety of insecticides than the home gardener in order to obtain maximum insect control at the least cost.

In using insecticides, always read the label and care- fully follow the instructions. Do not exceed maximum rates suggested; observe the interval between application and harvest, and apply the product only to crops for which use has been approved. Make a record of the product used, the trade name, the percentage content of the insecticide, the dilution, the rate of application per acre, and the dates of application.

Some of the insecticides suggested here can be poi- sonous to the applicator. In using them, the commercial grower is expected to use precautions to protect himself or herself, all workers, and any family members from undue or needless exposure.

In using this guide, always refer to the table on the next page, which lists the limitations and restrictions on use. These limitations apply to the vegetables as human

food. If you use any portion of a vegetable for livestock food (tops, stalks, etc.), refer to product labels for instructions on the intervals required between applica- tion and feeding.

The chemical names used in these tables may be unfamiliar to you. These names are the common chem- ical names and as such are not capitalized. Trade names are capitalized. In the table of limitations the common names are listed first and trade names are listed in parentheses following the common name. Throughout the tables of suggestions, however, trade names are usually used. In case you have a question, refer to the table of limitations.

These suggestions are subject to change without notification during the growing season.

Check with your county Extension adviser if you are in doubt about the insecticide you plan to use. We will make announcements of label changes through news- letters and the news media to keep you up to date.

Requested label clearances for a few uses of insec- ticides, carriers, and solvents are uncertain for 1988, since many requests have not been officially cleared. Anticipating needed changes in labeling, we began mod- ifying these suggested uses a few years ago.

Insecticides are being classified for general use or restricted use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Anyone who wishes to use an insecticide clas- sified for restricted use must be certified as a private or commercial pesticide applicator by the Illinois Depart- ment of Agriculture. Contact your county Extension adviser in agriculture for details on this program.

A few insecticides have been classified at this time. More will be classified later.

Suggestions for the effective use of insecticides from a practical standpoint are based on available data. Soil textures, pH of the soil, rainfall, slope of the field, wind velocity at planting, method and accuracy of application, and other unpredictable factors affect efficient \

Prepared by Roscoe Randell, Extension Entomologist

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 897 (revised annually) November, 1987

AUG

Insecticide

LIMITATIONS FOR FIELD VEGETABLES IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION AND HARVEST

AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INSECTICIDES IN ILLINOIS (Blank spaces indicate that the material is not suggested for the specific use in Illinois)

Broc- Brussels Cab- Cauli- Horse- Rad- Tur- Egg- Pep- Toma-

Beans Peas coli sprouts bage flower radish ish nip Onions plant pers toes

acephate (Orthene)

*Asana

Bacillus thuringiensisi . . .

carbaryl (Sevin)

*carbofuran (Furadan).,

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) .

diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon). . . ,

*fonofos (Dyfonate)

*ethion

*fenvalerate (Pydrin)3. . .

malathion

*methomyl (Lannate,

Nudrin)

*mevinphos (Phosdrin) . ♦Monitor

naled (Dibrom)

*permethrin (Ambush,

Pounce)

*phorate (Thimet)

rotenone

trichlorfon (Dylox)

3,A,B

3A,C

1, 5F

0 3

7 H

3 3

3C 0 3

0 3

1 1

35 1

3C 0 3

H 5 7

3 3, 14F

H 10

10 14

3 4

28A

H, 1 10

H,I H

7 7D

0 21G

0 0

IE 1

1 21

Insecticide

Pota- Col- Let- Spin- Swiss Sweet Cucum- Mel- Pump- Squash1

toes lards Kale tuce ach chard corn bers' ons' kins' Winter Summer

* Asana

Bacillus thuringiensis2

carbaryl (Sevin)

*carbofuran (Furadan)

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)

diazinon

dimethoate (Cygon)

*fonofos (Dyfonate)

*fenvalerate (Pydrin)3

malathion

*methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) . .

*mevinphos (Phosdrin)

*Mocap

naled (Dibrom)

*permethrin (Ambush, Pounce)

*phorate (Thimet)

*terbufos (Counter)

trichlorfon (Dylox)

0 C

3K 3K

0 C

3 3

3 1 3

0 C

u 1J

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

1 Apply insecticides late in the day after the blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill.

2 The trade names are Bactur, Dipel, Thuricide, and Sok Bt.

3 Only root crops indicated on label can be planted following appli- cation. For all other root crops, wait 12 months before planting.

REENTRY INTERVALS FOR WORKER PROTECTION

Insecticide

Hours

azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 24

demeton (Systox) 48

ethion 24

parathion 48

Workers must wear protective clothing if they enter treated fields before the time intervals shown at the left. They must also wear protective clothing for all other insecticides applied if the spray has not dried or the dust has not settled.

A. Do not use tops for feed or food.

B. Do not exceea 0.1 lb. a.i. per acre.

C. Do not exceed 0.4 lb. a.i. acre.

D. Do not exceed 0.35 lb. a.i. per acre.

E. Do not exceed 2 lb. a.i. per acre.

F. If tops or stover are to be used for feed.

G. Not more than twice per season..

H. Soil applications at planting time only.

1. Do not use on green onion crop.

J. Not more than 8 times per season.

K. Do not exceed 0.25 lb. a.i. per acre.

L. Not more than 4 applications per season.

M. Not more than once per season.

N. Not more than 6 applications per season.

P. Not after edible portions or heads begin to form.

Q. Not more than 3 times per season.

			ASPARAGUS
Insect		Time of attack Insecticide	Pounds of active ingredient per acre	Placement	Timing of application
Asparagus (NHE-49)	beetles	Early and mid- Sevin1 season on spears malathion' and ferns	1	Spears and ferns	As needed, not more often than every 3 days.
Cutworms (NHE-38)		Early and *Ambush, mid-season Pounce	0.01-0.02	Spears	As needed.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' One-day restriction between last application and harvest.

BEANS

Insect	Time of attack	Insecticide	Pounds of active ingredient per acre	Placement	Timing of application
Seed maggots (NHE-27)	All season	diazinon 50% W.P1 Lorsban 25% W.P'	3/5 oz./bu. 2 oz./bu.	Seed Seed	Treat seed no longer than 3 months before planting.
	*Thimet G		I/2	Soilband	Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed.
Bean leaf beetles (NHE-67)	Early and late season	Sevin malathion		1 1	Foilage	When feeding first appears and weekly for 2 or 3 applications as needed.
Leafhoppers (NHE-22) and Plant bugs (NHE-68)	All season	Sevin Cygon malathion *Lannate, Nudrin		1 0.3 1 0.45	Foliage	Before plants become yellow and stunted. Repeat applications at weekly intervals as necessary.
	*Thimet G		1/2	Soilband	As for seed maggot.
Mexican bean beetles	Midseason and late season	Sevin malathion		/2 1	Foliage	When occasional leaves show lacework feeding.
	*Thimet G		1/2	Soilband	As for seed maggot.
Aphids (NHE-47)	All season	Cygon malathion		0.3 1	Foliage	Usually applied when a few aphids can be found on each plant, but before leaves begin to curl and deform.
	*Thimet G		l'/2	Soilband	As for seed maggot.
Blister beetles (NHE-72)	Midseason and late season	Sevin		1/2	Foliage	As needed.
Corn earworms (NHE-33) Corn borers	Late season	Orthene Sevin *Lannate, Nudrin		2/s 1/2 0.45	Foliage	As needed, but usually after August 20. Worms may be present before bloom.
Mites	Midseason and late season	Cygon		0.3	Foliage	As needed, but especially during drouthy periods particularly if carbaryl has been used on crops.
	*Thimet G		1/2	Soilband	As for seed maggot.

Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' No restrictions when used as recommended.

PEAS

Insect

Time Pounds of active

of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement

Timing of application

Caterpillars, June	*Lannate,
including loopers	Nudrin	/2-1
	*Asana	0.025-0.05
	*Pydrin	0.1

Foliage

Before harvest if worms are present.

Aphids

May-June

Cygon

Foliage

As needed.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only-

CABBAGE AND RELATED COLE CROPS

Insect

Time of attack

Insecticide

Pounds of active ingredient per acre

Placement

Timing of application

Cabbage maggots' All season (NHE-44)

diazinon Dyfonate

Broadcast Disk in just before planting. Use only

for cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli.

diazinon G

Furrow At time of planting; on turnips a

drenching spray of 1 lb. diazinon should be applied 30 days following treatment.

diazinon Lorsban Lorsban

4 oz. per 50 gal. transplant water

3 oz. 4E per 1 ,000 ft. of row

1 oz. 4E per 1,000 ft. of row

Furrow 6 fl. oz. transplant water per plant.

Transplant drench to cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. Radishes only.

Aphids (NHE-47) Thrips (NHE-48)

All season

Cygon

malathion *phosdrin *Monitor

0.3 1

Va 1

Foliage When aphids appear, but before leaves

begin to curl.

Cabbage loopers (NHE-45); dia- mond-back moth larvae; imported cabbage worms

All season

Bacillus

thuringiensis *Pydrin *Asana *Lannate, Nudrin *Monitor *Ambush,

See rates on label

0.1-0.2

0.025-0.05

0.45-0.9

Foliage When small worms first appear, and

about every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Thorough spray coverage of foliage is important.

Pounce

0.1-0.2

Cutworms

At planting

*Asana

*Pydrin

Dylox

0.025-0.05

0.1-0.2

Base of plants As needed.

Flea beetles and leafhoppers

All season

Sevin *Asana *Pydrin

1V6

0.025-0.05 0.1-0.2

Foliage As needed.

E.C. = Emulsion concentrate; W.P. = wettable powder.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only. 'Maggots are resistant to diazinon in some areas of Illinois.

COLLARDS, KALE, LETTUCE, SPINACH, SWISS CHARD

Insect

Time of attack

Pounds of active Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement

Timing of application

Aphids (NHE-47) All season

diazinon	V4
Cygon	0.3
*Phosdrin	%
Dibrom	1

Foliage As needed.

Cutworms

On seedling plants

Dylox'

Base of plant When first damage appears, and soil

Leafhoppers

All season

Sevin

Cygon

malathion

0.3

Foliage When first leafhoppers appear, and as

needed.

Caterpillars	All season	Bacillus	See rates
(NHE-45)		thuringiensis *Lannate,	on label
		Nudrin2	0.45
		Dibrom	1

Foliage When small worms first appear and

every 5 to 7 days thereafter.

Leaf miners

All season

diazinon Cygon

0.3

Foliage When first miners are observed.

Flea beetles

All season

Sevin

Foliage As needed.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

' Do not use on 2 Use limited to

spinach or Swiss chard, lettuce and spinach only.

CUCUMBERS AND OTHER VINE CROPS1

Insect	Time of attack	Insecticide	Pounds of active ingredient per acre	Placement	Timing of application
Striped and spotted cucumber beetles (NHE-46)	Seedling to mature plants	Sevin *Furadan G		1 2		Foliage Soil	When beetles first appear; as often as necessary thereafter. Apply Furadan at planting or transplanting.
Aphids (NHE-47)	All season	diazinon Cygon2 malathion		Vi 0.3 1		Foliage	When aphids become noticeable.
Squash bugs (NHE-51)	All season	*Ambush, Pounce'1 Dylox3		0.2 1		Foliage	Do not appy until first eggs are found hatching (about June 15 to July 15); controls only nymphs.

Leafhoppers

July-August

*Asana *Pydrin

malathion

Cygon2 *Ambush,

0.025-0.05 Foliage

0.1-0.2

0.3

As needed.

		Pounce4	0.1-0.2
Squash vine borers	June- September	Sevin Pydrin Asana	1 0.1-0.2 0.025-0.05	Base of stem for 3 ft.	Weekly applications when vines begin to run — usually 5 applications.
Pickle worms	August- September	Sevin Pydrin Asana	1 0.1-0.2 0.025-0.05	Foliage	Weekly applications, beginning in late August.
Mites	July- September	Cygon	0.3	Foliage	As needed.

Cutworms (NHE-77)

April-June

Sevin	2
*Asana	0.05
*Pydrin	0.2
*Ambush,
Pounce4	0.1-C

Base of plants As needed.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

1 Spray vine crops with insecticide only late in the day after blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. 2 Do not use Cygon on cucumbers.

3 Pumpkin is the only vine crop for which Dylox can be used for squash bug control. 4 Pumpkin and cantaloupes only.

ONIONS

Insect

Time Pounds of active

of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement

Timing of application

Onion maggots (NHE-50)

All season

diazinon W.P. !/2-l for 40-50 lb. Seed of seed *ethion W.P. 1 for 40-50 lb. of seed

diazinon

diazinon malathion

Seed treatment for set onions only. Use lighter dosage of diazinon on sandy, highly mineral soils.

diazinon G	I/2-I
*Dyfonate	1
*ethion G	V2-2
Lorsban G	1

Furrow Use 1 lb. active ingredient per acre for

rows 12" apart; V* lb. for rows 18" apart; V2 lb. for rows 24" apart. Up to twice these amounts are needed for ethion on muck soils. Do not use Dyfonate, or Lorsban on green onions.

Broadcast Preplanting; disk into upper 1 to 2

inches of soil. Supplement with foliage spray below.

Vi Foliage

Supplemental to soil treatment. Make first application when first adult flies are seen; make another 1 week later. From then on only as necessary.

Thrips (NHE-48) Midseason and diazinon late season malathion

Foliage When injury first appears and every 10

days as necessary.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

Insect

Time of attack

Insecticide

PEPPERS

Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement

Timing of application

Aphids (NHE-47) May-July

Cygon *Lannate, Nudrin Orthene

0.3 0.45

Foliage Only when aphids are present. Add to

borer spray when it is being used.

Corn borers Late season

Sevin Orthene

*Furadan

Foliage and When fruit is present on plant. Apply fruit every 5 days when borers are present.

2-3

Soilband to Make 2 applications; first, 3 weeks after transplant transplant, second, 5 weeks later.

Flea beetles Early season *Asana

Orthene

0.025-0.05

Foliage When shiny, jumping beetles are pres-

ent.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

POTATOES

	Time		Pounds of active
Insect	of attack	Insecticide	ingred	ient per acre	Placement	Timing of application
Flea beetles	May-July	Sevin *Furadan G		1 3	Foliage In furrow	When damage first appears on leaves. Repeat as needed. Planting time.	the
		*Furadan F		1	Foliage	As needed.
		*Asana		0.025-0.05	Foliage	As needed.
		*Pydrin		0.1	Foliage	As needed.
		*Lannate,
		* Nudrin		0.45	Foliage	As needed.
		Ambush,
		* Pounce		0.1	Foliage	As needed.
Colorado potato beetles; cutworms;	May-July	Sevin *Furadan G		2 3	Foliage In furrow	As needed. Planting time.
potato leafhoppers (NHE-22)		Furadan F Cygon Asana		1 0.3 0.025-0.05	Foliage Foliage Foliage	As needed. As needed. As needed.
		*Pydrin		0.1	Foliage	As needed.
		*Ambush,
		Pounce		0.1	Foliage	As needed.

*Thimet G

2-3

Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at

planting, but not in contact with seed. Use the lower rate on sandy soils, the heavier rate on heavy soils. Do not use on muck soils.

Aphids (NHE-47) All season

Cygon	0.3
*Lannate,
Nudrin	0.45

Foliage

As needed.

*Thimet G

2-3

Soilband

Same as for leafhoppers.

Blister beetles (NHE-72)

All season

Sevin

l'/2

Foliage

As needed.

Wireworms (NHE-43) White grubs (NHE-23)

All season

*Thimet G

2-3

Soil

Preplanting, disk in; or use as soilband at planting.

Grasshoppers (NHE-74)

July- September

Sevin Cygon

3/4

0.3

Foliage As needed, control in fence rows, road-

sides, ditch banks, etc., before migra- tion.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

SWEET CORN

Insect

Time Pounds of active

of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement

Timing of application

Corn

rootworm

(NHE-26)

June-July

""Counter G	1	Furrow
*Dyfonate G	1	Row
*Furadan G	1	Furrow
Lorsban G	1	Row
*Mocap G	1	Row
*Thimet G	1	Row

Rootworm control may be needed if the field was in corn the previous year and was not sprayed.

Cutworms (NHE-38)	April-June	*Asana Lorsban 4E	0.025-0.05 l'/2	Base of plants Broadcast	When first damage appears.
Flea beetles (NHE-36)	April-July	Sevin1 *Furadan G	I'/s 1	Foliage Furrow	As necessary. At planting.
Japanese beetles (NHE-32)	July- September	Sevin'	1	Ear zone	As necessary.
First-generation corn borers	May-June	Sevin' *Pounce, Ambush	2 0.1-0.2	Foliage	If needed make first application in late whorl stage. Repeat in 5 to 7 days.

Second-	July-	*Ambush,
generation	September	Pounce	0.1-0.2	Tassel
corn borers		*Furadan2	0.5	Ear zone

Processing corn: Observe light traps for borer adults. When there are 50 or more trapped per night and 1500 or more heat units (base 50) have accu- mulated, spray at row tassel and every 5 to 7 days until 10 to 12 days of harvest. Fresh market corn: Apply first spray at row tassel and additional corn earworm treatments will control corn borers.

Corn earworm

June- September

*Lannate Nudrin

*Ambush, Pounce

*Pydrin

*Asana

Fresh market corn: Treat at first silk and 0.45 Ear zone every 2 to 4 days for 4 to 6 applications.

Processing corn: Observe pheromone 0.1-0.2 traps, if more than 10 moths per night,

0.1-0.2 aPP'v a borer spray during early silking

0.025-0.05 period and repeat if necessary.

Sap beetles (NHE-10) Picnic beetles

July- September

Sevin'

diazinon

malathion

1 1

Foliage

When adults first appear in field; usually between pollen-shedding and silk- drying.

Corn leaf aphids (NHE-29)

July- September

malathion

Foliage

As needed to produce attractive ears for fresh market.

Fall armyworms

July- September

*Lannate, Nudrin

0.45

Foliage

Apply to ear zone when whorl feeding is evident.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only.

' During pollen shed, apply Sevin as late in the day as possible (preferably after 4 p.m.) to reduce bee kill. 2 Corn borer control only.

TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT

Insect

Time

of attack

Insecticide

Pounds of active ingredient per acre

Placement

Timing of application

Cutworms

Early and

Sevin

(NHE-77)

midseason

*Asana

*Pydrin

Dylox

2 Base of plants As needed.

0.025-0.05 or foliage

0.1-0.2

Flea beetles

May-June

Sevin *Asana

2 Foliage

0.025-0.05

Apply every week as long as needed,

Aphids (NHE-47) May-July

diazinon

Cygon1

malathion

0.3

Foliage

As needed, but before leaves curl.

Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' Use cleared only on tomatoes.

TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT, continued

Insect

Time Pounds of active

of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement

Timing of application

Cabbage loopers

July- September

Bacillus

thuringiensis *Asana *Pydrin *Lannate, Nudrin

See rates on label

0.025-0.05

0.1-0.2

0.45-0.9

Foliage

When loopers are present.

Corn earworms Corn borers Hornworms

July- September

Sevin *Asana *Pydrin *Lannate,

2 Foliage

0.025-0.05

0.1-0.2

Add to weekly applications of fungicide sprays beginning at first fruit set when first small worms appear.

		Nudrin	0.45-0.9
Mites	July- September	Cygon1	0.3	Foliage	As needed.
Blister beetles (NHE-72)	June- September	Sevin	VA	Foliage	As needed.
Fruit flies and picnic beetles	August- October	Sevin diazinon	2 '/a	Foliage	When flies or beetles first appear.

* Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' Use cleared only on tomatoes.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

You can obtain the following circulars on insect control from the Office of Agricultural Publications, University of Illinois, 54 Mumford Hall, 1301 W. Greg- ory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Circular 899, 1988 Insect Pest Management Guide — Field

and Forage Crops Circular 900, 1988 Insect Pest Management Guide — Home,

Yard, and Garden Circular 1076, 1988 Turfgrass Pest Control

Leaflets describing the life history, biology, and habits of some of the insects mentioned can be obtained from the offices of county Extension advisers or by writing to Entomology Extension, 172 Natural Resources Build- ing, 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820. These are indicated by an NHE number in the tables.

FOR YOUR PROTECTION

Always handle insecticides with respect. The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecticides are the applicator and his family. Accidents and careless, need- less overexposure can be avoided. Here are a few easy rules that, if followed, will prevent most insecticide accidents:

1 . Wear rubber gloves when handling insecticide concentrates.

2. Do not smoke while handling or using insecticides.

3. Keep your face turned to one side when opening insecticide containers.

4. Leave unused insecticides in their original con- tainers with the labels on them.

5. Store insecticides out of reach of children, irre- sponsible persons, or animals — preferably in a locked cabinet.

6. Triple-rinse and bury or burn all empty insecti- cide containers or take them to an approved sanitary landfill.

7. Do not put the water-supply hose directly into the spray tank.

8. Do not blow out clogged nozzles or spray lines with your mouth.

9. Wash with soap and water exposed parts of body and clothes contaminated with insecticide.

10. Do not leave puddles of spray on impervious surfaces.

1 1 . Do not apply insecticides to fish-bearing or other water supplies.

12. Do not apply insecticides, except in an emer- gency, to areas with abundant wildlife or to blossoming crops visited by bees. Avoid drift onto blossoming crops or onto bee hives.

13. Do not apply insecticides near dug wells or cisterns.

14. Do not spray when weather conditions favor drift.

15. Observe all precautions listed on the label.

16. To avoid bee kill, apply insecticides after bee activity has been completed for the day; use the least toxic materials. Warn beekeepers that you are appying in- secticides.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. WILLIAM R. OSCHWALD, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Coopeative Extension Service provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. 4500 — 10-87 — 68362 — ESL