RARITIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314 4 LILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3I1YVYGEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI’ NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NYINOSHIIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS n NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314 INSTITUTION INSTITUTION INSTITUTION ALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3ZIYVYUGIT LIBRARIES Nal ’ S S3INVYSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI NVINOSHLINS S31YVuUdIT_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN SMITHSONIAN OG ki NVINOSHLIW SMITHSONIAN RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS Sau ES LIBRARIES NLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3!1YVYdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI *. INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI S3IYVYEIT LIBRARIES S3IYVUEITLIBRAR! S31y¥VvVugit SARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314 NVINOSHLIWS ee NVINOSHLINS S3l1YVYaIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI} ? SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS Bde Bs -ARIES SMITHSONIAN z ‘9 ey 4 > ty - Yu —- Ywa NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS $314 oh uVUYGIT LIBRARIES uVUdIT LIBRARIES \rITUTION “ITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SalI? $ $ S RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION « ” Pd io2) < Te z < = + z \ a _Z = 4 D4 Oo - té O Be eA 8 Z wh 2 2 3 6 AS 2 EB NO’ 2, E 2/7 ee Cae ith.. >" ae > ts 2 ” pets z n 2 LALILSNI NWINOSHLINS S31YVYdIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTI Z a2 2 ni ) - . ” va n 77) = oc oe Hq : = S : WASR\Y O yk oo e) fe) Zz wk 2 4 RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS $3]. us a a =: = a wn é ” . & silent pr TIeVaalILLIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INST oes ; z gies — 11> NS —t = \ z = zw 2 zN 3 Dy 2 QW . & 2 < am CO: 4 Bm . O sr = 2 aN E | | ies 7 2 a 2 = SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31? v”) => ae é op) 7 Gi ua o NS 6 ay si & = a «cy = < = < . = rm a cn a Ye 9 = 9 a pa a | LALILSNI- NVINOSHLINS S3IYWVYdIT LIBRARIES mae z 2 Zz cS re ° a 4 oo > We 5 7. = 2 > WHE - = “3 oes - vi a ae m “wg m 2 m one wy ars RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SJIe NVINOSHLIWS NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN iy NVINOSHLNS ~ SMITHSONIAN LALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS sa1uvugi LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI on ws a us FA = pe ot me pe = WN om = =. O SN ia Oo w: o ro al a aa = RARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NWINOSHLINS S31 Pa .~ = eS ae a = — © LHD @ Ws = & na > > (9 od YAS > ‘e — - Ee i 3} = WS - 19 ; ene ets ahs t ~ ‘ | | . ~ is | ar : : | | se | 7 7 H ‘ z : = ‘ | ing = | 2 : | ene ial =) 4 : : x | : © | 7 nd te : : ; : : : oe ; . 4 ‘ ? . 5 . | ne : j : & A | — Ly i | | : . ‘ is + 3 | * " Pie ha | 4 | , » am : | | - : | - : ; | ri | . - a : ; | ty [ee ; a | | | 7 * ae : « ‘ ed a rart | rat | ~ | : | | ik, he | | ai Pe 3 « : 2 ea a a ae poe Sy oe + eet icrs no | PROCEEDINGS OF THE Biological Society of Washington VOLUME XIII 1899 - 1900 WASHINGTON “PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1901 | COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS , 1899 TT. S. PALMER, Chairman F. H. KNOWLTON O. F. COOK 1900 F. H. KNOWLTON, Chairman T. S. PALMER | | ©. L. POLLARD (ii) CONTENTS. Officers and committees for 1899 .... Officers and committees for 1900 RPOCGOU MMM aos ihc red cha alg ck anon nein yavanna Ap ed et oncrip ik Notes on the Naked-tailed Apmediice, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr...... A New. Pigmy Oryzomys from the Santa Marta Region of Colom- bia, by Outram Bangs Description of a New Vole from Eastern Siberia, by Gerrit S. Millon sJ Pies. aati. Stoo Buia A New Vole from Hall Island, Bering Sea, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. The Florida Puma, by Outram BONRU jis. Gace 24 bare als Descriptions of Six New Rodents of the Genera Aplodontia and Thomomys,. by: C. Hart: Merriam :., sci e le ide sech cain Notes on Three Genera of Dolphins, by T. S. Palmer............ ....... Descriptions of New Birds from Northwestern Mexico, by E. W. N @]80 oo. eis is ai rakes hans pA se Two New Glossophagine Bats from the West Indies, by Gerrit Bi Miller, O80. cia: aed maai ds ein ain Be ne A New Polar Hare from Labrador, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr... Chamea fasciata and its Subspecies, by Wilfred H. Osgood ......... Description of anew Lemming Mouse from the White Moun- tains, New Hampshire, by Edward A. Preble................00..........- The Eye of Byblis serrata, by Sylvester D. Judd... : A New Fossil Bear from Ohio, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr A New Moose from Alaska, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr Prigttad thee is 48 Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia, by William Palmer palmale Notes on Yatoua and Other Genera of Edentates, by T. S. Palmer in pstiveicapeitas 2 ee cai ae a es Mina A New Treefrog from the District of Columbia, by Gerrit S. BENS ae FGA ai eine WE aI MOL RAE GRUMAY tity np NOR Saco ea ete He The Dogbanes of the District of Columbia, by Gerrit S. Mil- eRe § Eanes. Aa aeev cen ae ROR Tee Oe BAN Se PGE REDE Gat CORE PNR.” Pe ag = On Some New or Rare Birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, by Outram Bangs ..0000. 20002... cececee eee cte eee eee : The Botanical Explorations of Thomas Nuttall in California, by Bremer ie Vi SV a oe sian se oo ee east esi cmc [eee Bats from the Island of Curacao, by Gerrit S. Mil- £1 Page” & oa RONMSRC PRS NST Sey UM ta etal react eat tidy hese STSISG UL CAA PCNA POON LS Aargau a a Eight New Species of North American Plants, by Charles Louis POMUGIO cn es fs Cee i eee a kee Some New or Noteworthy Louisiana Plants, by Charles Louis Pollatd ‘and: © PiOMmOSE ANG. BOX: <2 nk 5 tg aa % a s ot c8 sH Yen a) ay ae 5 © ee) © © @ |S o |= D L L D Greatest length............ eas ..| 615 | 6385 | 645 | 633 600 MAGE TONE oes eo es ee a 570 | 570 | 596 | 570 560 MOHIAE LONGUE fig vaca sw Bee Ds 9% 556 | 550} 574] 580 535 Tip of premaxilla to tip of nasal 275 | 280| 290] 285 268 Median palatal length................ 355 | 380] 390] 380 360 Tip of premaxilla to alveolus of first aL) 42 Meg te, UR Se ree eer ae ae 230 | 240} 236} 230 225 Greatest breadth including orbits. .... 218 | 234 | 245 | 245 221 Least breadth including orbits .......| 168 | 190 | 200} 206 180 Least width between antlers.... .....]}...... 190 | 170} 180 165 Least width of frontals between orbits Ben WTR a ee. 905.1 > 210° 1.. 225 195 Greatest antorbital breadth....... Secale dod Po Peete 108 1 172 127 Zygomatic breadth...... . by pte wanes 203 | 218 |. 223 | 228 203 DR MeIL DICAUUH.. = .aqcreos eis ek 147°} 165.) 272 168 170 Greatest width of palate including TODLUTOWE. eo ons bo hk ee a oo a 143 | 142 | 150] 186 142 Least width of palate including tooth- WOW hs be ea hae BE: 105} 110 |; 148) 110 98 Greatest width of palate between WOOLDTO WS | ots sek i ee eee 90 92 95 | 101 88 Least width of palate between tooth- WONG ere a Pie 68 69 67 70 58 Upper toothrow (crowns) .... .. .... 147 | 143} 150| 154 147 Distance between tips of paroccipital POOP OROM a oe 0a ci aes 85 92 100 95 80 Greatest width across paroccipital pro- CONOB een ae ead cfs pak emi ete casks 165 | 160 | 165 175 Distance from inion to lower lip of Farnell MagNNe ol oe ee ee ee 135 | 140 | 140 120 Depth between antlers............... 122 | 146} 155 | 148 132 Greatest expanse of antlers ..........) ..... 1530 | 1600 | 1580 | 1330 Expanse betweer. uppermost points...|...... 1200 | 1140 | 1120 760 MPU Gl DAINALION cues aa 5 65s 310 | 360 | 3860 380 Least diameter between burr and first We eee es a i's Nein ea ee ei gaa 175 | 210 | 200 172 Length of mandible. Bee on ice Be ATO ess 485 | 480 460 Depth of mandible at posterior end GE EO VOW cs aa ee eee et 59 62 58 65 59 Greatest depth of mandible..... .... 223; 230 | +235 |: 223 225 Least depth of mandible ............ 30 31 31 34 27 RMR FO a ew ec ee ee Fae eo 180} 180 | 182} 183 170 Mandibular toothrow (crowns). ...... 158 | 152 | 160 | 165 160 ied pel THe te Se VOL. XIII, pp..61-70 SEPTEMBER 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FERNS OF THE DISMAL SWAMP, VIRGINIA. BY WILLIAM PALMER. The ferns of the Dismal Swamp may be divided into three distinct groups according to their placeof growth: (1) arboreal species, (2) true swamp species, and (8) ground species. The first group may be divided into two subdivisions: (a) those growing on fallen mossy trunks, about the bases of living gum trees, on dead cypress knees, bent gum roots, and on decaying stumps; (b) those growing exclusively on trunks and branches of living trees. The first subdivision (a) comprises the following species: Dryopteris marginalis, D. spinulosa, D. goldieana celsa, Polystichum acrostichoides, Asplenium platyneuron, Struthopteris regalis, S. cinnamomea, Botrychium obliquum. The second subdivision (6) contains but one species, Polypodiwm poly- podioides, which grows exclusively on the trunks and larger branches of living trees, usually high up in the tops, and prob- ably on all the species. of deciduous trees. The true swamp ferns include but two species, Woadwardia virginica and W. areo- lata, which grow on the peaty remains of former vegetable life, always in wet places and often, especially the former, in water. The ground ferns occur, not in the true peaty swamp, but in the surrounding low sandy area, which nevertheless constitutes a very large portion of the DismalSwamp. These are Dryopteris noveboracensis, D. thelypteris, Asplenium filixfemina, Pteris aquilina, Onoclea sensibilis, Struthopteris regalis, S. cinnamomea. But one fern ally (Selaginella apus) has been found. A study of many forms of the life of this vast swamp reveals the interesting fact of the occurrence in abundance of many 16—Bror. Soc. Wasu., Von. XIIT, 1899 (61) 62 Palmer—Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. southern and northern types. It is a meeting ground where many Austroriparian forms reach their northern limit,while more northern forms either find their lowest or most southern habitat, or have variously changed representatives. The causes of this complex condition vary according to the requirements of the different species and the circumstances of their introduction into the area. Ina general way it may be stated that species requiring abundance of sunlight and living above the undergrowth are southern, while those intimately associated with the surface of the swamp are of more northern, or of higher-ground derivation. But there are many exceptions. The swamp undoubtedly has been slowly evolved from a salt-water lagoon to its present con- dition; hence all its present life has been introduced from sur- rounding regions. Of the ferns Polypodiwm pol spadioiden is distinctly Austrori pa- rian, here reaching almost its northern limit.* Dryopleris goldie- ana celsa, though related to an Alleghenian form, is quite distinct and is undoubtedly its representative. The woodwardias are coastal-swamp species, and though found well into New England do not occur at any great elevation. The two species of Struthop- teris are most abundant at higher altitudes and owe their presence here to their swamp habits and the ability of the plantlets to find a congenial home. They do not fruit abundantly and doubtless before man interfered with the forest were rare. Seven other species, Dryopteris marginalis, D. noveboracensis, D. thelypteris, Poly- slichum acrostichoides, Asplenium filixfemina, Pteris aquilina, Ono- clea sensibilis, are all higher-ground species. With the exception of D. marginalis they are abundant in the general region border- ing theswamp. Botrychium obliquum also belongs in the same category and may be common about the swamp. ‘I'wo other species usually found on higher and dryer ground, Dryopteris spinulosa and Asplenium platyneuron, are not abundant in the swamp, and the former was noticed but once elsewhere. Both are somewhat changed from the typical form, though perhaps hardly sufficiently to warrant separation. Thus the only species growing on living trees is truly Austro- riparian ; the next is D. goldieana celsa, which occupies a higher habitat in the swamp than any of the others except D. spinulosa, which occurs with it, though not so abundantly, and which *I have taken it near Cape Charles City, Northampton Co., Va. Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. 63 chas also undergone some change on account of its unusual environment. The flooded condition of the true peaty swamp floor for several months of the year prevents the growth of ground ferns, except the water-loving woodwardias; therefore all the species of the swamp proper which grow near‘the ground occur just above the high-water line and rarely more than three feet above it. A systematic examination of the whole swamp for ferns has not been possible, but enough has been learned to show that a number of species have adapted themselves to very unusual conditions, and that some have undergone changes from the normal type. The main factor in determining the character of the pteridophytic life is the flooded condition of the swamp floor for several months annually, but this is less potent now than formerly. LIST OF SPECIES. 1. Botrychium obliquum Muhl. Oblique Grape Fern. On June 10, 1899, I found four plants, growing with other species on logs, at the side of Washington ditch. They were sterile fronds of the previous year’s growth. The fronds are less ample and the divisions shorter, more rounded and more widely placed than in any specimens from about Wash- ington. The dried roots are stronger, blacker, and more abundant. 2. Struthopteris * regalis (Linn.) Bernh. Royal Fern. Osmunda regalis Linn., Sp. Pl. p. 1065, 1753. Abundant, usually in large clumps scattered throughout the swamp and always on dead stumps except in the sandy areas. : In many cases hundreds of dead persistent stipes testify to the great age of the clumps. Just above high-water mark mosses have established a foothold in a broad ring around the old knees of the cypresses, the bends of gum roots, and logs. Various plants, especially ferns, take root in this moss and often reach a largesize. The oddity and beauty of such growths are striking, especially on a well-preserved knee where the red- dish apex rises several inches above the surrounding moss. (See plate I, Fig. 7.) * The ferns usually placed in Osmunda evidently belong to Bernhardi’s genus Struthopteris (not Struthiopteris of authors). The essential features of Bernhardi’s description are as follows: 21. Struthopteris mihi. Spo- rangia subglobosa, bivalvia. E. g. Osmundaregalis. L.—— Cinnamomea. L. — — Claytoniana. L. * * *. Obs. 2. Caue ne Struthopteridem meam cum Struthiopteride Hall, confundas. (Journ. fur die Botanik, Band 2, 126, 1801.) 64 Palmer—Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. When little sunlight reaches these plants fruiting spikes are rarely seen,,. and usually but one ona plant. Along the outlet canal, where the trees have been thinned and drainage is complete, the dryer and more sunny conditions have affected the fruiting and many variations showing par- tial fertility were collected. 3. Struthopteris cinnamomea (Linn.) Bernh. Cinnamon Fern. Osmunda cinnamomea Linn., Sp. Pl., p. 1066, 1753. Abundant, usually with the preceding species, but not so partial to the cypress knees and the shadier situations. Both species, but more espe- cially S. cinnamomea, are evidently recent additions to the true swamp flora; far away from the ditches and bogie roads they are rarely seen. This species is usually very tall and luxuriant, but does not fruit as ex- tensively as in more open and higher places. On June 9, 1899, I found two plants near the head of Washington ditch in an open place. They . had all the pinnules much. reduced in size and many of the lower basal ones were greatly elongated and often pinnatifid. The plants were ex- posed to generous sunlight for part of the day, but owing to their situation on a decaying log were necessarily limited in root moisture. 4. Onoclea sensibilis Linn. Sensitive Fern. By no means common in the sandy area but found mainly in the streams and ditches bordering the swamp. 5. Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. On June 3, 1896, several hundred yards from the eastern end of Lake Drummond, I found several dwarfed plants on a small well-decayed log. The largest frond, a fertile one, measured 9} inches (235 mm.*) and 1% in. (44) wide, with a stipe 4§ (124) long. The longest pinna is } (21.5) long and } (5.5) wide. The largest sterile frond was shorter and barely wider. The edges of the pinnz were regular but very finely spinulose. No others were found, but the species is common in the ravines near Suffolk, about fourteen miles distant. 6. Dryopteris noveboracensis (Linn.) A. Gray. New York Fern. Where the sandy areas of the swamp blend with the true peaty swamp, and especially in the old bogie roads in these dryer portions of the swamp, this species is abundant. 7. Dryopteris thelypteris (Linn.) A. Gray. Marsh Fern. Found at but one place, above the head of Washington ditch. Its long spindling fronds were growing in the bushes on the bank, but the normal plant was not seen. *All measurements in parentheses are in millimeters. Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. 65 8. Dryopteris goldieana celsa subsp. nov. Log Fern. (Pl. I, Figs. 1-6, 8-12.) Structurally similar to Dryopteris goldieana goldieana (P1.1, Figs. 13, 14), but differing in its very erect habit, longer and narrower fronds with smaller and more widely separated pinnules and pinne, and with the apex regularly decreasing instead of crowded and suddenly shortened. Upper basal pinnules of lower pinnee either absent-or very much and usually unequally reduced. Fronds lanceolate or lanceolate oblong. Stipes at base densely covered with large and richly alutaceous scales with brown centers and transparent, sharply defined margins; upper scales paler and almost unicolor. Type No. 340,398 National Herbarium, Dismal Swamp, Norfolk County, Virginia, June 8, 1899, William Palmer (collec- or’s No. 247). Measurement of type, frond 224 inches (523); longest pinna, the 5th, 5$(136.5) ; stipe 12 (305). Fertile pinnze Jess than 1} (31.5) wide; sterile basal pair, greatest width 1} (44.5). Measurements of twenty paratypes: Fronds 10-24 inches (254-609), aver- age 19 (483). Stipes: 7-143 (178-368.5), average 1035 (267). Largest frond 24 (609.5); stipe 10} (261); longest pinna, the 8th, 4% (124; the lowest ~ pinna 4 (101.5). Sterile fronds few, much smaller and less elongate. Three lower pairs of pinnee of fertile fronds sterile or nearly so. In habit, situation, and aspect this fern is quite unlike typical D. golliewa. Itsuggests D: floridana* but differs in outline; its pinnules are not so widely separated, and the shape of the lower pinnee, especially the two lowest, are quite different, as shown in Figs. 6 and 9-12. Its relationship to goldieana is shown by the character of the scales at the base of the stipe (quite unlike the cristata group), by the reduced size of the basal pinnules on the lower pinne, the lower one being absent, by the broadest portion of the lower pinnze not occurring at the base, and by the peculiar stalked character of the rachides of the pinne, es- pecially the basal pair. Though occurring in a swamp it is practically a plant of dry habitat, as compared with the broad herbaceous D. goldicana, which grows on damp ground. ‘The difference is well shown by compar- ing the tall and narrow D. cristata, characteristic of dryer ground, with the large, coarse D. cristata clintoniana, which grows in wetter places. This apparent paradox is rendered plain by the statement that celsa does not grow on the ground of the swamp but in moss on stumps and logs where the supply of moisture is limited and where the plants are exposed to a fair, often abundant amount of light. D. goldieanw grows in damp, rich and well shaded situations. Both these plants are densely covered about the bases of the stipes with large dark brown centered scales. almost black in goldieana, most of which are bordered by a narrow, transparent’ ribbon, the contrast between the two portions being sharply defined. In celsa the rachis is grooved in front even to the apex, but in goldieana * Dryopteris floridana bears the same relation to D. cristata, or rather to D. c. clintoniana, that D. g. celsa does to D. goldieana. 66 Palmer—Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. it is stouter, more fleshy and grooved for only a short distance above the lower pinna, or faintly further. In D. cristata, floridana and in clintoniana the basal pinnules of all the pinne are largest and longest; in celsa and goldicana, some pinnee, especially the apical ones, are similar, but the lower pinne, especially the lowermost, have the pinnules, even for several pairs, very much reduced. In good fertile fronds of celsa and goldieana the lower basal pinnule of the lowest pair of pinne is always absent but sometimes present or appar- ently present in some undersized fronds. This is often the case in gol- dieana, but only occurs rarely in celsa. The basal pinnules of the upper pinnee of both these ferns are always opposite and very exactly so, but they begin to diverge at the centers of the pinne. On the lower pinne this p uring is rare and it is not easy to determine whether the opposite of the reduced upper basal pinnule has never been developed or whether it is represented by the one occupying the adjoining position. This latter view would seem to be correct, the lower pinnules having been gradually moved along the rachis toward the tip during the evolution of the form. In very young fronds (Figs. 5, 8) there is a wide space of the lower pinna beneath, the pinnule seems forced away from the rachis and the base of the midvein inclines toward the rachis of the pinna for some distance. The same result is shown in numerous young fronds of both forms. Fig. 14 represents the common type of goldieana, while Figs. 6 and 9-12 are from specimens of celsa. Dryopteris goldieana is extremely herbaceous and robust, its pinnules and pinnee being large and often overlapping. In celsa they are always widely separated ; both are much narrower, and there is no sudden change from the long. wide pinnee to the shorter, narrower one of a crowded apex as in goldieana. ‘The reduction or absence of the lower pinnules results in producing a stalk for the pinne, short in goldieana, longer in celsa. — The pinnee of celsa incline upwards very decidedly, whereas in goldieana they stand at a right angle to the rachis or are only slightly inclined up- wards. These differences between the very erect narrow celsa and the broad, drooping and herbaceous goldieana result from differences in hab- itat, the dryer and lighter situation of ce/sa contrasting in its results with the gloomy, damp habitat of goldieana. On July 30, 1899, I found two clumps of goldieana on the Virginia bluffs of the Potomac river opposite Cabin John Bridge. The first contained over fifty plants, all with well drooping fronds and nearly all the lower pin- nules of the lower pinnee normal. These plants were growing at the foot of the talus among the rocks, and the trees formed a dense canopy overhead. In the second clump a mile further down, in a precisely sim- ilar situation, were several dozen plants. But here the thinness of the foliage overhead permitted the sun to shine on the plants for several hours daily. The early fronds were drooping as in the first clump, but the later and mostly fertile fronds were more erect, and the divisions were less herbaceous and consequently less crowded, but in no case to the same extent as in celsa. : Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. 67 The differences in the character of the lower basal pinnules in these - two ferns is ecologically an interesting feature. The usual character of these pinnules in goldieana is shown in Fig. 14. In Fig. 13 is shown an- other, which was growing in bright sunlight, at Great Falls, Virginia ; the shortening of the lower pinnules is evident. The first style of frond grows in damp well-shaded situations and droops in such a way that a practically equal amount of light is received by all portions of its upper surface. But a difference occurs when the light is more abundant; then the frond becomes strengthened, that is, more erect, and consequently the upper and middle portions shade the lower pinne. A struggle thus en- sues between the pinne for light. The lowermost, owing to their position, are seriously handicapped, but instead of remaining in the same or nearly the same plane, as in the case of well-shaded fronds, these lower pinne turn more toward the light, so that their tips approach each other and their upper surfaces are turned nearly 90 degrees, so as to obtain the light as nearly as possible perpendicular to their plane. In pressing such specimens. the stalks of one or more pinne are necessarily frac- tured where they join thestipe. In thus bringing the lower pinne almost together in order to obtain the greatest amount of light the greater por- tion of each pinna is entirely successful, but at the expense of the lower pinnules; especially so on the lowest and less so toward the middle. These lower pinnules are shaded not only by their own overlapping when the pinne are flexed, but also by the stout stipe and the pin- nules above. Consequently they do not receive a normal amount of light and therefore during the growing period fail to develop perfectly, and are outstripped by the more fortunately placed middle pinnules. One extreme is shown in the usual frond of goldieana, the other in nearly every frond of celsa. Specimens of goldieana collected about Washington, an intermediate locality, altitudinally and geographically, have these basal pinnules in many cases much, and often unequally, reduced, but never to the extent of celsa. Similarity of general structure and the ecological character of the differences between these two ferns warrant the view that celsa is a true subspevies of goldieana, and therefore a geographical race or physiological subspecies. Our swamp plant therefore is a product of abundant light, limited root moisture, and the struggle for existence under peculiar conditions, which do not, or but very slightly, affect its relative. In June, 1896, near the head of Washington ditci, I found a few im- mature plants of ce/sa and considered them D. ¢. clintoniana. The follow- ing year, at the same place, I found some larger but imperfect fertile fronds. This year, while penetrating the swamp north of the outlet canal and about eight miles east of the other locality, I found numerous plants ranging, through all stages, from those with the first fronds and the remains of the prothalli, to plants over thirty inches high. It is possible that this fern occurs in other localities in the same general region. The log fern grows in severalsituations. About the base of alarge gum tree, where there was an accumulation of waste woody matter and an 68 Palmer—Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. entanglement of various shrubs and other plants, it was abundant and of all sizes. An odd location, and the most common, was along the curved lower side of a fallen mossy trunk where the plants occupied a line just above high-water mark. Usually such a log was exposed to a large amount of light and its upper surface was destitute of mosses and other plants. On other logs usually situated in a tangle and well shaded, the ferns grew in a line along the middle of the top, either with several plants of D. spinulosa, a few flowering plants, or more generally alone. Inevery instance the rhizome was imbedded in the moss and the plants were but loosely attached to the wood; a pull on a frond was generally sufficient to bring up the whole plant. 9. Dryopteris marginalis (Linn.) A. Gray. Marginal Fern. A most unexpected surprise was the discovery on June 10, 1899, of a single dwarfed plant of this rock-haunting fern. Four miles westward from Lake Drummond up Washington ditch, is a recently made plank road which runs a mile or more into the swamp. Some distance along this road a large tree had fallen years before, and on its broken and decaying stump I found the plant with five fronds, three of which were fertile. The largest measures 82 inches (219.5), and the stipe 5g (142.5). The sori are not abundant and are confined to the apex. There are 279 on the best fruiting frond. 10. Dryopteris spinulosa (Retz) Kuntze. Spinulose Fern. A few large plants were growing on logs with D. g. celsa and several im- mature plants were found near the head of Washington ditch on logs and stumps. They differ from specimens taken about Washington, D. C., in having all the divisions narrower and more widely separated and the apex lengthened. Thecolor isa darker green. The pinnules are more in- clined toward the rachis, and the pinne trend upward to a greater extent. Some specimens, both large and small, show a more triangular outline, with longer lower pinnz, and this is evidently the tendency in plants growing in deep shade. In June, 1896, the mouth of a well near Suffolk had many plants growing between the bricks. All were herbaceous and dwarfed, and the single fertile one found had very small sori near the margin. 11. Woodwardia virginica (Linn.) J. E. Smith. Virginia Chain-fern. Extremely abundant. Its natural habitat is in the pools which occur between the elevations made by the enlarged bases of the trees, and in the cane swamps; but wherever the swamp has been burnt out this fern occurs in greater luxuriance. Along the ten miles of Jericho ditch which has been dug from Lake Drummond through the northern part of the swamp, it is very abundant and large, and grows in the water in dense beds usually for many yards. The fronds are here quite erect and face the sun —i. e., the plane of the frond is at a right angle to the line of aver- Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. 69 age duration of direct sunlight received by the frond; so that the plants on the east side of the ditch face toward the southwest, while those on the west side approximate the southeast, often to the east, according to the amount of foliage about them. The largest frond collected measures 2 feet 104 inches (970), its jet black stipe is 2 feet 9} inches long (955) and greatly enlarged at the base. At the outlet canal at the east end of Lake Drummond, where the depth of the canal has drained the adjoining swamp, it is abundant but harsh and less herbaceous, and was found fruiting abundantly in early June. Plantlets were common. 12. Woodwardia areolata (Linn.) Moore. Narrow Chain-fern. Abundant and growing with its relative except in dryer situations. It is common in low places in the swamp, among the cane and other vege- tation and about the bases of the trees. Its delicate fronds grow best where well protected from the sun either by taller vegetation or in wet, densely crowded or well-shaded situations. Prothallium fronds and young plants are numerous on small decaying logs which are well shaded and constantly wet. 13. Asplenium platyneuron (Linn.) Oakes. Ebony Spleenwort. Near the western end of Washington ditch a dozen or so plants of vari- ous sizes were found growing on well-shaded stumps near the water and mixed with numerous other plants. The fronds are all much broader and longer than specimens of similar age from higher and dryer altitudes, and are more deeply and irregularly incised. The pinne are wider apart, broader, more blunt, and the basal portion overlaps the rachis. The largest frond measures 18} inches long (476), the longest pinna is 18 inches (41.5), and the stipe is 3;% inches (88). 14. Asplenium filixfoemina (Linn.) Bernh. Lady-fern. Common throughout the sandy woods but not seen in the peaty swamp. A green-stemmed form was the only one found. 15. Pteris aquilina Linn. Bracken. Seen but sparingly near the upper end of Jericho ditch, where the dredging has formed an embankment. 16. Polypodium polypodioides (Linn.) Hitchcock. Gray Polypody. Extremely abundant but usually high up in the tree tops. . It persists for several years on the fallen trees but finally succumbs. It is abundant on the cypresses standing in Lake Drummond, where its usually dry curled fronds may be reached from a boat. In the woods it is rarely found where it can be easily reached. In the streets of Suffolk it is abundant in wide bands on the trunks of the shade trees, usually grow- ing in dense masses, mostly on the northern sides and about ten feet from the pavement. 17—Bron, Soc. Wasu., Vor. X TIT, 1899 70 Palmer—Ferns of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fras. 1, 2, 3. Dryopteris goldieana celsa. First prothallium fronds, enlarged about twice. Fria. 4. Second frond of same, natural size. Fria. 5. Third frond of same, slightly enlarged. Fria. 8. Fourth frond of same, reduced one-third. Fras. 6, 9, 10, 11, 12. Lower basal pinnules of same, reduced one-third. Fic. 18. Dryopteris goldieana goldieana. Lower basal pinnules, from poorly shaded frond, reduced one-third. Fia. 14. The same, from an ordinary frond. Fic. 7. Plants growing in moss on a dead cypress knee above high- water mark. Fras. 1-5 were drawn from the fronds; Figs. 6 and 8-14 from tracings of photographs, the fronds being used as negatives. PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., XII, 1899 : PEs /0 FIGS. 1-6, 8-12. DRYOPTERIS GOLDIEANA CELSA FIGS. 13, 14. DRYOPTERIS GOLDIEANA GOLDIEANA em * VoL. XIll, pp. 71-73 SEPTEMBER 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON NOTES ON TATOUA AND OTHER GENERA OF EDENTATES. BY T. S. PALMER. Some months ago Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., published a paper entitled ‘ Notes on the Naked-tailed Armadillos,* in which he showed that three generic names had been proposed for the group: Xenurus by Wagler in 1830, Tatowa by Gray in 1865, and Lysiurus by Ameghino in 1891. These names were all based on Dasypus unicinclus Linneeus, and Xenurus being preoccupied in ornithology, Zatowa was adopted as the proper designation of the genus. Since the appearance of this paper [ have made a list of the genera of Edentates which has brought to light two additional names based on Dasypus wnicinclus, both earlier than Tatoua Gray. These names are Arizostus, proposed by Glogert in 1841, and Cabassous, published by McMurtrie{ in 1831, only one year after Wagler’s Xenurus. Cabassous (which is credited to Cuvier) is merely a Latinized form of a French term used by Cuvier and Buffon, and taken from a native name. McMurtrie frequently adopted such names in his translation of Cuvier’s‘ Régne Animal’ and not only transformed them into Latin, but accompanied them by generic diagnoses and brief descriptions of the species. His reasons for adopting this course are explained as follows: “ The absurdity of translating into English the technical portion, or the nomenclature, was too apparent to demand a moment’s * See antea, pp. 1-2. + Hand-u. Hilfsbuch d. Naturgeschichte, p. 114, 1841. t Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, Am. ed., I, p. 164, 1831. - 18—Bron. Soc. Wasu., Vor. XIII, 1899 (71) 72 Palmer—Notes on the Genera of Edentates. consideration—the genius of our language forbids it. To have left these terms in French would have been inexpedient for self- evident reasons; and the idea of giving a class in Latin, an order in French, &¢c., presented too revolting a medley. By giving them all in Latin, the common language of science, these objec- tions vanished.” (p. Iv.) Cabassous, instead of Tatowa, is therefore the earliest tenable name for the naked-tailed armadillos, and the species given by Trouessart, including the one added by Miller, will stand: Cabas- sous unicinctus (Linn.), C. loricatus (Natt.), C. hispidus (Burm.), C. (Ziphila) lugubris (Gray), and C. (Ziphila) centralis (Miller). Other French names used by Cuvier for armadillos, which McMurtrie’ endeavored to preserve by putting them in Latin form, are: Apara, based on Dasypustricinctus ; Cachicamus, includ-. ing D. novemcinctus and D. septemcinctus ; and Encoubertus, includ- ing D. sexcinctus and D. octodecimcinctus. These names, however, are untenable, as they were only common names prior to 1831, and other generic terms had previously come into use for the groups to which they were applied. Thus Aparais antedated by Tolypeutes Iliger, 1811, Cachicamus by Tatu Blumenbach, 1803, while Encoubertus is a synonym of Euphractus Wagler, 1830, and | Dasypus Linneeus, 1758. | Thomas* has already called attention to the fact that Cyclopes Gray, 1821, is the earliest tenable name for the two-toed anteater (Myrmecophaga didactyla Linn.), usually referred to Cyclothurus. But as he merely mentioned it in a discussion of the names in Gloger’s ‘ Handbuch,’ it has been apparently overlooked, and it may therefore be worth while to refer to it in this connection, as Cyclothurus still remains in use. Asa matter of fact, Cyclothurus, although usually quoted as dating from 1825,+ is merely a nomen nudum in this reference, and was first published as a valid genus in 1842, in Lesson’s ‘ Nouveau Tableau Régne Animal,, p. 152. There are at least three other genera based on Myrmecophaga didactyla: Eurypterna Gloger, 1841, Myrmydon t Wagler, 1830, and Didactyles§ F. Cuvier, 1829, which are actually earlier than Cyclothurus, so that the latter name is clearly untenable and should give way to Cyclopes. * Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XV, p. 191, Feb., 1895. t+Thomson’s Annals of Philos., XX VI, p. 3438, Nov., 1825, {iNat. Syst. d. Amphibien, p. 36, 1830. 2 Dict. Sci. Nat., LIX, p. 501, 1829. Notes on the Genera of Edentates. 73 Tamandua, like Cyclothurus, is usually quoted from Thomson’s Annals of Philosophy (1. ¢., p. 343). It was, however, merely published in a list of genera as ‘ Tamandua, Gray, M. R.,’ and the only pretense to a description consists of the letters ‘ M. R.,’ referring to Gray’s paper in the London Medical Repository. * This paper contains the following list of edentates : “Tamanoir, Myrmecophaga. Lin. M. jubata. Lin. Tamandua, Myrmecophaga tamandua. Cuv. Ant-eater, Cyclopes, G. Myrmecophaga didactyla. Lin. Pargolen [sic], Manis. Manis pentadactyla. Lin.” Here Tumandua is merely a common name and stands on an entirely different footing from Cyclopes. A careful examination of this paper will show (1) that the names in the first column of this list are intended as common names, those in the second as genera, and these are followed by the type or included species ; (2) that when the common name is adopted for the genus, it is usually repeated; and (5) that genera are usually (but not always) followed by the authority, e. g., Myrmecophaga Lin. and CyclopesG. Thus Tamanoir, Tamandua, Ant-eater, and Pangolin are common names, while Myrmecophaga, Cyclopes, and Manis are genera. The first unquestionable use of Tamandua as a genus is in Lesson’s ‘ Nouveau Tableau,’ p. 152, 1842, where it is based on Myrmecophaga tetradactyla Linn. But as in the case of Cyclothurus it is antedated, since Dryoryx Gloger, 1841, and Uroleptes+ Wagler, 1830, were also based on M. tetradactyla (of which M. tamandua is asynonym). U/roleptes has priority over Dryoryx, and is apparently the earliest tenable name for the genus. * Vol. XV, p. 305, Apr. 1, 1821. t Nat. System d. Amphibien, p. 36, 1830. aoa ie tities ae oe ey “it te ee ane feat ada VOL. XIII, PP. 75-78 . SEPTEMBER 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON A NEW TREEFROG FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.* BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. In June, 18938, Mr. W. P. Hay added to the known fauna of the District of Columbia f a treefrog which he found in consid- erable numbers in a marsh at Mount Vernon, Virginia. He pre- sented eighteen specimens of the animal, identified as Hyla cinerea (Daudin) (=H. ‘carolinensis’ ), to the United States National Museum. ‘Two years later Mr. Hay collected specimens at Little Hunting Creek, Va. Four of these are now in the National Mu- seum. ‘This frog was first brought to my notice early in June, 1898, when, in company with Mr. A. H. Howell, I heard its notes, strikingly different from those of the other batrachians of the region, at Four Mile Run, Va. A week later seven were captured here by Mr. Howell and Mr. E. A. Preble. Since then we have taken, in the marshes at Four Mile Run and Dyke, a locality between Alexandria and Mount Vernon, Virginia, about thirty individuals, some of which I have had in captivity for over a year. Comparison of these with living examples of Hyla cinerea from Bay St. Louis, Miss., shows that the northern and southern forms are readily distinguishable from each other by characters of both form and color. Most conspicuous among these is the normal absence in the northern animal of the stripes on sides * Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu - tion. : + The ‘ fauna of the District of Columbia’ is generally understood to in- elude that of the region within a radius of twenty miles from the Capitol, 19—Bror, Soc. WaAsH., Vou. XIII, 1899 (75) 76 Miller—A New Treefrog from the District of Columbia. and legs so conspicuous in Hyla cinerea. It may therefore be called : | Hyla evittata sp. nov. Type adult § (in alcohol) No. 26,291, United States National Museum, collected at Four Mile Run, Alexandria County, Virginia, July 15, 1898, by Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., and Edward A. Preble. Zonal position.—This frog is probably confined to the Upper Austral zone. Geographic distribution.—W hile the animal is at present known from the marshes of the Potomac River near Washington only, it is to be looked for near the coast from Chesapeake Bay to Long Island Sound. General characters.—Like Hyla cinerea (Daudin) but with broader, deeper muzzle and normally unstriped body and legs. Color.—Entire dorsal surface varying from olivaceous brown through deep myrtle-green to pale yellowish grass-green; ventral surface white, irregularly tinged with yellow, especially on chin and throat; colors of back and belly fading rather abruptly into each other on lower part of sides; skin of under surface of limbs unpigmented, transparent; legs and jaws slightly paler on sides than above; eye very bright and iridescent, the pupil black, the iris golden greenish yellow, thickly dotted with black ; back with a few—usually less than half a dozen—inconspicuous, minute, yellowish dots. . Measurements.—Type:* head and body, 48; hind leg, 69; femur, 20; tibia, 21; tarsus, 11; hind foot, 17; humerus, 8; forearm, 8; front foot, 10; greatest width of head, 14; eye to nostril, 3.5; distance between nostrils, 3.5. An adult ¢ from the type locality: head and body, 50; hind leg, 70; femur, 21; tibia, 21; tarsus, 11; hind foot, 17; humerus, 8; forearm, 8; front foot, 10; greatest width of head, 14; eye to nostril, 4; distance between nostrils, 3. Remarks.—Hyla evittata is at once distinguishable from H. cinerea, its only near ally, by the absence of the stripes on sides and legs, so con- spicuous in the latter. Except for the differences in the shape of the head, the two animals agree perfectly in form and dimensions. Hyla evittata, however, probably averages slightly larger than H.c.nerea. The peculiarities in the form of the head are more readily seen than described. In Ayla evittata the outline of the muzzle when viewed from above is dis- tinctly more bluntly rounded than in H. cinerea, and as a result the nos- trils are wider apart and less distant both from eyes and tip of muzzle. Viewed from the side, the depth from nostril to mouth is perceptibly greater in H. evittata than in H. cinerea. The granulation of the skin of belly and hind legs is identical in the two animals. These comparisons are entirely based on living individuals. *An adult ¢ H. cinerea from Bay St. Louis, Miss., measures: head and body, 48; hind leg, 68; femur, 20; tibia, 21; tarsus; 11; hind foot, 15; humerus, 9; forearm, 9; front foot, 10; greatest width of head, 13; eye to nostril, 4; distance between nostrils, 2.5. A New Treefrog from the District of Columbia. 17 Color variation in Hyla eviitata is very great, and as in other treefrogs chiefly dependent on the character of the surface on which the animal is resting. When searching for food among the leaves and stems of pickerel weed and pond-lilies, Hyla evittata assumes a yellowish grass-green tint, closely harmonizing with the color of the plants. In captivity the color is usually darker and duller, this tendency culminating in rich myrtle- green and dark olivaceous brown in individuals that have rested on brown bark or have remained long hidden in a dark corner. The color during hibernation under moss and sod is much paler than that assumed by the same individuals when hiding in similar places during the summer. However great the changes in color may be, at no time is there developed any trace of stripes. If rudiments of these are present they are always visible. Similarly in Hyla cinerea, which undergoes an exactly parallel series of color changes, the stripes are never affected in distinctness, though they are most conspicuous when the general color of the animal offers the greatest contrast. The stripes of Hyla cinerea vary in living in- dividuals from silvery white to metallic reddish gold. The body stripes are almost invariably bordered by a narrow black line. When the animal is in repose the body stripes are about 1.5 mm. in width, but when it is ut- tering its note the body becomes greatly swollen and the stripes broaden to three times their normal width, and at the same time assume their brightest colors. The leg stripes are narrower and less sharply defined than the body stripes, and their dark margins are less constant in devel- opment. As to the constancy of the color differences between the two forms: I have handled about two dozen living and freshly killed specimens of Hyla evittata, and have probably seen nearly as many more at a distance of only a few feet. Among these one had a faintly developed stripe at the angle of the jaw. Of the twenty-two alcoholic specimens collected by Mr. Hay and now in the National Museum, eight have traces of the body stripe, which, however, in no instance is margined with black, or as sharply defined as in those southern specimens in which the stripe is shortened and narrowed. Of sixty-one specimens of Hyla cinerea (seven received alive from H. H. & C.S. Brimley,* the others preserved in alco- hol in the U. S. National Museum ft) there is considerable variation in the leg stripes, but with only two exceptions the body stripe, though varying in length and breadth, is conspicuously developed, definite in outline, and usually margined with black. In the two abnormal indi- viduals (one from Bay St. Louis, Miss., the other from New Orleans, La.) the leg stripes are absent, and the body stripes reduced to mere traces near the angle of the jaw. When forwarding the unstriped specimen from Mississippi, the Messrs. Brimley wrote that it was the only one of the kind observed among the large number that have passed through *Taken at Bay St. Louis, Miss. + From the following localities: Texas, New Braunfels; Louisiana, New Orleans; Florida, Clear Water, Georgiana, Indian River, Lemon City, Marco Island, Pensacola; North Carolina, Beaufort. 78 Miller—A New Treefrog from the District of Columbia. their hands. Such individuals as these are readily distinguishable from the faintly striped specimens of Hyla evitiata by the form of the muzzle. Habits.—Very little is known about the habits of Hyla evittata. In June and July the animals are to be found in the rank vegetation of the tide marshes. Here they remain quiet during the day, but as evening ap- proaches they become active and noisy. Their food at this time consists chiefly of a small beetle that is found on the leaves of the pond-lilies. The note is like that of Hyla pickeringii in form, but in quality it is com- paratively harsh and reedy, with a suggestion of distant Guinea-fowl chatter, and scarcely a trace of the peculiar freshness so characteristic of the song of the smaller species. The song period continues through June and July. Later in the season the frogs leave the low marsh vegetation. As they are then perfectly silent they are difficult to find, though occa- sionally one may be seen in a bush or small tree, but never far from water. VOL. XIll, pp. 79-90 SEPTEMBER 28, 1899 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON THE DOGBANES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.* BY GERRIT S. MILLER, Jr. Two dogbanes, Apocynum cannabinum and A. androsemifolium, were recorded in the first detailed list of plants of the District of Columbia, published nearly seventy years ago.t In 1876 the same plants were included in the ‘ Flora Columbiana’ of the Po- tomac-Side Naturalists’ Club, without special comment.t Five years later Ward relegated the second species to the list of plants whose occurrence in the vicinity of Washington is doubtful.§ At the same time|| he recognized two forms of Apocynwm cannabinum, the typical A. cannabinum cannabinum, of general distribution, and A. cannabinum glaberrimum, found only on the flats of the Po- tomac River bottom at Little Falls. In 1886 Knowlton discovered a species which he recorded as Apocynum androsemifolium,4| and in 1892*** and 1856 +f Holm published further records of a plant that he supposed to be the same. In 1897 Greene raised the Apocynum cannabinum glaberrimum of Ward to specific rank under the name A. album, and at the same time described Holm’s A. * Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution. t Floree Columbianze Prodromus, p. 24, 1830. t Flora Columbiana, p. 16, 1876. ¢ Guide to the Flora of Washington and Vicinity (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 22), p. 12, 1881. | Ibid., p. 97. {| Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, III, p. 108. *Y Ibid VE, 7 8. tt Ibid., X, p. 36. 20—Bror. Soc. Wasn., Vor. XTIT, 1899 (79) 80 Miller—The Dogbanes of the District of Columbia. . androsemifolium as a new species, A. medium.* Thus Apocynwm androsemifolium was again eliminated from the District flora, unless Knowlton’s plant should prove to have been correctly identified. His specimens, however, cannot now be found. Up to the present time, therefore, three species have been positively recorded from the vicinity of the District of Columbia: + Apo- cynum cannabinum Linneeus, A. album Greene, and A. medium Greene. But this number must be more than doubled, as I find from an examination of about two thousand plants that Apocy- num androsemifolium is actually a member of the flora, while in addition there occur three hitherto undescribed species. NOMENCLATURE. Eight names have been based on dogbanes from eastern North Amer- ica. They are as follows: Album. Apocynum album Greene, Pittonia, III, p. 230, December, 1897, is based on the narrow-leaved, white-flowered plant of the canna- binum type common on the shores of the Potomac River near Washington, and throughout its range confined to similar situations. Dr. Greene in- forms me that the type was collected near Chain Bridge, Montgomery County, Maryland. Androsemifolium. [ Apocynum] androsemifolium Linneeus, Species Plantarum, p. 213, 1753, is the spreading, large-flowered dogbane of the Boreal and Transition zones. Eastern Canada is probably the type lo- cality of the species. Cannabinum. [ Apocynum] cannabinum Linneeus, Species Plantarum, p. 213, 1753, is an erect, green-flowered plant of eastern North America. The original description leaves no doubt that the name was used by Linnzeus in essentially the same sense that it is understood today. Glaberrimum, [Apocynum cannabinum] a glaberramum De Candolle, Prodr. Syst. Nat. Regn. Veg., pt. VIII, p. 439, 1844. The description of this plant (under Apocynum cannabinum) is as follows: ‘ @ glaberri- mum. Zs APR 21. pg Lational MusevS7 en VoL. XIII, PP. 137-150 APRIL 21, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON SEVEN NEW RATS COLLECTED BY DR. W. L. ABBOTT IN SIAM.* BY GERRIT 8S. MILLER, Jr. Among the mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott during a second expedition to Siam, and presented to the United States National Museum are seven large and medium sized species of Mus, all of which appear to be new. They were secured in the mountains of Trong, a small state subject to Siam and sit- uated on the west side of the Malay Peninsula about 500 miles north of Singapore. > KEY TO THE RATS OF TRONG.+ Hind foot about 50 mm.; skull about 55 mm, Tail much longer than head and body; back and sides MroOnsly 'GChPACeOUH A 20. Vi PSI 600) ADI IRs LORS b: Mus vociferans. Tail about equal to head and body; back and sides not ochraceous. Fur composed almost exclusively of fine, grooved bristles; ear longer than broad; general color above iron gray, beneath dull white......... Mus ferreocanus. Fur composed almost exclusively of coarse hairs, with a very few slender grooved bristles inter- mixed; ear as broad as long; general color grizzled brown above, pale buff below....... 2.2... 000.05 Mus validus. *Published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. +Exclusive of Mus ‘alexandrinus.’ 31—BIOL. Soc. WASH. VOL. XIII, 1900. (187) 138 Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. Hind foot less than 40 mm.; skull less than 45 mm. Tail much longer than head and body, dark brown THPOMMNOUG kok ba tale de datane de | koe oe oe Mus cremoriventer. Tail about equal to head and body, bicolor. Tail slightly shorter than head and body; hind foot less than 30 mm.; fur of belly dusky at base...... Mus asper. Tail equal to or slightly longer than head and body; hind foot more than 30 mm.; fur of belly not dusky at base. Nasals extending conspicuously behind nasal branches of premaxillaries; white of belly broadly continuous over lower leg with that — of foot; general color dull ochraceous......... Mus pellax. Nasals not extending behind nasal branches of premaxillaries; white of belly usually sepa- rated from that of foot by tawny inner sur- face of lower leg; general color bright ochra- DOORS SO SCL crea rene bebe bes Saas ee Senate es Mus surifer. Mus vociferans sp. nov. Type adult male (skin and skull) No. 86,736 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower lus tan at about 1000 ft. altitude, February 21, 1899. Characters.—Similar to Mus sabanus Thomas of Borneo, but genera- size slightly greater and color apparently paler and brighter. Antor- bital foramen less constricted below than in M. sabanus and with much wider outer wall. Region about posterior extremity of nasals less ele- vated. Molars relatively larger than in Mus sabanus. Fur.—The fur is composed of three elements: (a) fine, somewhat wooly underfur, plumbeous on the back, white on the belly, (b) coarse terete hairs, and (c) grooved hairs or slender bristles. These all pass by in sensible gradations from one kind to another. On back the hairs and bristles are about 15 mm. in length. Those of rump are not elongated. On belly they are much shorter, scarcely exceeding 6 mm. Inner sur- face of legs free from bristles. Color.—Back and sides ochraceous, everywhere sprinkled with black. The ground color is brightest on back and rump where it approaches orange ochraceous, and dullest on sides where it is very nearly raw sienna. The black is most conspicuous over lumbar region where it is somewhat in excess of the ochraceous. Further forward the two colors are about equally mixed. On sides the black is very inconspicuous. Top of head like back, but colors more finely mingled. Cheeks orange buff, very slightly sprinkled. with buff posteriorly. Muzzle dull hair brown. Whiskers black. Belly and inner side of legs dull yellowish white to base of hairs; elsewhere the underfur is slate gray. Feet white, irregularly clouded with hair brown. ‘Tail bicolor at base (dark brown above, whitish below) whitish throughout beyond middle. Tail,—The long slender tail of Mus vociferans is coarsely, conspicuous- ~ Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. 139 ly, and uniformly annulated. At middle there are only seven or eight rings to the centimeter. The rings are irregularly and inconspicuously marked by cross furrows dividing them into sharply rectangular scales longer than broad. Numerous stiff hairs spring from beneath the free edges of the rings, usually three to each scale.. In length they scarcely exceed width of the rings, except near tip where they become longer and less stiff. Skull.—The skull of Mus vociferans (Pls. III and IV, Fig. 3) is large, but in proportion to its size not very heavily built. In general appearance it differs only slightly from that of M. sabanus. On comparison it is seen to differ from that of the Bornean species in less robust rostrum, less elevated frontal region between roots of zygomata, and in the form of the antorbital foramen. This is smaller and more contracted, espec- ially below, and the maxillary plate forming the outer wall is wider and less concave. The front edge of this plate is nearly straight, though slightly convex above. ‘The audital bulle like those of Mus sabanus are relatively very small, scarcely more than half as large as in Mus decwm- anus. By this character alone the species may be distinguished from the other large rats of the Malay Peninsula. Teeth.—The teeth appear to agree in all respects with those of Mus sabanus, though I have seen none of the latter unworn. The.enamel pattern is like that of M. decumanus except that there is no trace of ru- dimentary anterior outer tubercle often present in the second upper molar of the houserat. As in this species the posterior upper molar consists of an anterior inner tubercle followed by a crescentic loop with concavity directed inward. In unworn teeth this loop is normally complete, though in some specimens the posterior limb is divided by a furrow. With abrasion the limbs of the crescent become separated. Front surface of incisors deep orange. Measurements, External measurements of type: total length, 611; head and body, 229; tail vertebra, 382; hind foot, 45 (43)*; ear from meatus, 24; ear from crown, 19; width of ear, 18. Seven specimens (including type): total length, 566 (545-611); head and body, 224 (216- 229); tail vertebrae, 342 (823-380); hind foot, 45 (42-48); hind foot without claw, 48 (40-46). - Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 56; basal length, — 47.6; basilar length, 44.6; palatal length, 25; least width of palate be- tween anterior molars, 5; diastema, 14.8; length of incisive foramen, 8; combined breadth of incisive foramina, 3.8; length of nasals, 21.4; com- bined breadth of nasals, 6.2; zygomatic breadth, 25.8; interorbital breadth, 9; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 20.4; mastoid breadth, 18.8; occipital depth at front of basioccipital, 14; frontopalatal — depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 13.6; least depth of rostrum im- mediately behind incisors, 11; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 11.8; width of front upper molar, 3; mandible, 30.6; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 10. *Measurement of hind foot in parenthesis is taken exclusive of claws. 140 Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. Specimens examined.—Hight, all taken at or near the type locality. Remarks.—Mus vociferans is the mainland representative of M. sabanus, a rat quite unlike any of the other species known to occur on the Malay Peninsula, and at present recorded from Borneo and the Natuna Islands only. It is a very noisy animal; when trapped its loud cries so quickly attract the smaller carnivores that perfect specimens are with difficulty obtained. Mus ferreocanus sp. nov. Type adult female (skin and skull) No. 86,737 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at about 3000 ft. altitude, January 15, 1899. Characters.—Size large (hind foot about 56; greatest length of skull, 53) tail slightly longer than head and body, dark brown at base, whitish at tip; ear long and narrow, its length greater than distance from eye to nostril; fur composed almost exclusively of fine grooved bristles; general color above bluish iron gray, beneath pure white; skull with slightly de- veloped supraorbital ridges. Fur.—Underfur rather scant, not at all woolly except on belly. The main body of the fur is composed of fine grooved bristles, those on mid- dle of back about 15 mm. in length. Interspersed with the bristles are a few terete black hairs, 25-30 mm. in length. These are practically confined to the back and rump, and are nowhere conspicuous. Color.—The color of this rat is difficult to describe with accuracy, as the tints cannot be matched in Ridgway’s Manual of Colors. The gen- eral effect is a lustrous bluish iron gray, darker along middle of back, paler and slightly drab-tinged on sides; everywhere frosted by the pale glistening tips of the bristles, which produce a sheen varying much with different exposures to light. Cheeks washed with drab gray, muzzle with seal brown. Underparts creamy white, this color extending down inner side of front legs to wrists, and on hind legs nearly to ankles. Fur of dorsal surface gray (Ridgway, Pl. II, No. 8) at base, that of under- parts white throughout. Ear dark brown; a small tuft of fine white hairs immediately beneath orifice. Tail dark brown, the terminal fourth dull white. Hind feet uniform sepia. Front feet sepia varied with dull white. Toil.—The moderately long tail of this species is finely, inconspicu- ously and somewhat irregularly annulated. At middle there are twelve rings to the centimeter. The rings are divided by cross furrows into scales longer than broad and with rounded corners. These scales, how- ever, are scarcely noticeable to the unaided eye. The fine stiff hairs that spring from the spaces between the rings are in length about one half greater than width of ring, and are apparently not definitely ar- ranged with regard to the scales. Near tip of tail the rings become nar- rower and more indefinite and the hairs longer and less stiff, though without forming any semblance of a pencil. Miller.—Seven New Rats collected in. Siam. 141 Skull.—The skull of Mus ferreocanus (Pls. III and IV, Fig. 2) though of the same general size as that of the other large rats of Trong, is easily recognizable by its shallow, weak rostrum and tapering form as well as by various details in structure. The zygomata are strongly convergent anteriorly, their anterior roots relatively light and little spreading. An- tiorbital foramina small, but less contracted below than in the other species. The plate forming its outer wall is faintly concave on the outer surface, its anterior border slightly convex from below middle, the straight portion at base sloping distinctly backward. Pterygoids long and straight to the extreme tip, the interpterygoid space narrowing gradually and continuously from behind forward. Audital bullae much larger than in Mus vociferans, but not peculiar in form. Interorbital region narrow. Supraorbital ridges low and little developed, much as in Mus bowersi, but traceable along sides of braincase to lambdoid ridge. Teeth.—Molars slightly narrower than in Mus vociferans, the enamel folds relatively broader, but not essentially different in form. The pos- terior limb of the terminal crescent in the third upper molar is normally divided from the anterior, even in unworn teeth. Lower molars differ- ing in much the same manner as the upper. Incisors relatively weak, their anterior face yellowish white. Measurements.—External measurements of type specimen: total length, 489; head and body, 238; tail vertebrae, 251; hind foot, 56 (58); ear from meatus, 27; ear from crown, 21; width of ear, 17. A second adult specimen: total length, 501; head and body, 241; tail vertebrae, 260; hind foot, 56 (58). Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 53.6; basal length 48; basilar length, 45; palatal length, 25; least width of palate between anterior molars, 5; diastema, 15.8; length of incisive foramen, 9.4; com- bined breadth of incisive foramina, 3.8; length of nasals, 22.6; combined breadth of nasals, 5.2; zygomatic breadth, 25.4; interorbital breadth, 8; mastoid breadth, 20.2; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 20; depth of braincase at anterior extremity of basioccipital, 14.6; fron- topalatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 12; least depth of ros- trum immediately behind incisors, 8; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 9.4; width of front upper molar, 2.8; mandible, 30; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 9. Specimens examined.—Three, all from the type locality. Remarks.—This species is not closely related to the other rats of the Malay Peninsula; and I am unable to find any description of an animal at all resembling it among the forms occurring in the East Indian Ar- chipelago. Mus validus sp. nov. Type adult male (skin and skull) No. 86,741 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at about 1000 ft. altitude, February 18, 1899. Characters.—A large robust animal in size and general appearance re- sembling Mus bowersi Anderson from Burmah. Fur coarse, but essen- 142 Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. tially spineless. Tail about as long as head and body, dark brown throughout, its annulation more coarse that in M. bowersi. Ear short and broad, its length less than distance from eye to nostril. Skull and teeth much heavier than in the Burmese species, the rostrum shorter, broader and deeper, and supraorbital ridges remarkably heavy. Enamel pattern of third upper molar essentially like that of second, and both with well developed an- tero-external tubercle. Fur.—Although the fur is composed of the usual three kinds of hair the bristles are so slender that to the unaided eye their true nature is not apparent. They average about 30 mm. in length on the back, while the terete hairs are little more than half as long. Color.—Back and sides a fine grizzle of black and dull buff (slightly browner than Ridgway, Pl. V, No. 13), the two colors nearly equally mixed on back, but the black hairs much less abundant on sides, where the buff is somewhat dulled by the irregular appearance at the surface of the gray (Ridgway, Pl. II, No. 7) underfur. Underparts cream buff to base of hairs, this color extending down inner surface of legs to wrists and nearly to ankles. Feet scantily clothed with short sepia hairs. Head like back, but the colors more closely blended. Cheeks like sides. Muzzle hair brown. Ears and tail dark brown, the latter without trace of paler tip. Tail —The moderately long tail is coarsely conspicuous and uniformly annulated. At middle there are about 94 rings to the centimeter. The rings are noticeably divided by cross furrows into scales slightly longer than broad, the distal edges of which are crenulate. Numerous stiff black hairs spring from beneath the free edges of the rings, usually three to each scale. In length the hairs about equal the width of the rings. At tip of tail the rings become closer and the hairs longer and less stiff but without forming a pencil. Skull.—The skull of Mus validus (Pls. III and IV, Fig. 1) differs more widely from that of WM. bowersi (Pls. HI and IV, Fig. 4) than could be an- ticipated from the external similarity of the two animals.* The latter in fact bears a superficial resemblance to the skull of Mus vociferans, dif- fering chiefly in its more slender rostrum, larger audital bulle, more convergent zygomata, and obsolete supraorbital ridges, characters all but one of which are directly the opposite to those of Mus validus. Supra- orbital ridges very prominent, and forming a distinct postorbital angle, behind which they are continued backward along sides of braincase to * extremities of interparietal. The lower portion of the antorbital fora- men, widely open in Mus bowersi, is here reduced to a mere slit, partly as the result of shortness of rostrum and consequent unusually close con- tiguity of root of incisor and anterior edge of outer wall of foramen. The plate forming this outer wall is broad, its outer surface distinctly concave. Anterior border strongly convex from a little below middle, *For the opportunity to examine a specimen of Mus bowersi collected by Fea at Yado, Burmah, I am indebted to Dr. R. Gestro, of the Genoa Museum, Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. 143 the basal straight portion directed slightly forward. Audita] bulle smaller than in Mus bowersi, though nearly double as large as in M. vociferans, subcircular in outline when viewed from the side. Teeth.—The teeth are broader than in the other large rats from Trong, but the toothrow as a whole is not correspondingly lengthened. Enamel pattern of first upper molar as in Mus decumanus. In the second tooth a small but distinct antero-external tubercle is added to the number nor- mally present.* Occasionally this tubercle is connected with that of op- posite side, so that the enamel pattern consists of three transverse folds as in the first tooth. Third molar like second, though smaller, and the elements of the tooth less distinct. This tooth is therefore of more com- plicated structure than that of Mus decumanus, owing to the addition of an anterior outer tubercle, and the normal division of the posterior cres- cent into two transverse loops. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 521; head and body, 254; tail vertebra, 267; hind foot, 49 (46); ear from meatus, 20.6; ear from crown, 16; width of ear, 16. Another specimen, also a male: total length, 515; head and body, 248; tail vertebra, 267; hind foot, 52 (49). Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 55; basal length, 48.6; basilar length, 45.6; palatal length, 26; least width of palate between anterior molars, 5; diastema, 14.6; length of incisive foramen, 9; com- bined breadth of incisive foramina, 3.6; length of nasals, 22.6; combined breadth of nasals, 6.2; zygomatic breadth, 28; interorbital breadth, 8; mastoid breadth, 19; breadth of braincase above roots of zygoma, 20; depth of braincase at anterior border of basioccipital, 15; fronto-palatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 13.4; least depth of rostrum im- mediately behind incisors, 10; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 11; width of front upper molars, 3; mandible, 31; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 10. Specimens examined. —T wo, both from the type locality. Remarks.—Though this rat bears a strong superficial resemblance to Mus bowersi its skull and teeth show that there is no very close relation- ship between the two animals. Probably the Siamese animal is more nearly related to the Bornean Mus infraluteus Thomas. This species, which is slightly larger than Mus validus, and with actually as well as relatively shorter tail, differs from it further in darker general color, and in the dark underfur of the ventral surface. The skull is shorter and apparently broader, and the incisive foramina do not extend back to line of front of molars. The palate is said to be 32 mm. in length, while in M. validus it is only 26 mm. In the original description of Mus infraluteus the enamel pattern is not mentioned. It is therefore presumably normal and quite different from that of M. validus. *A trace of this tubercle is usually visible close to the cingulum in Mus decumanus, but forming no part of the triturating surface of the crown. 144 Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. Mus cremoriventer sp. nov. Type adult male (skin and skull) No. 86,770 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at about 3000 ft. altitude, January 16, 1899. Characters.—A slender animal about the size of Mus jerdoni Blyth, from Mount Mooleyit, Burmah. ‘Tail much longer than head and body, dark brown throughout, thinly but distinctly penicillate. Fur very thickly spinous. General color dull ochraceous above, whitish cream buff beneath. Skull shorter and relatively broader than that of M. jerdoni. Fur.—As in Mus jerdoni the fur of the back and sides is composed of three kinds of hair, (a) soft fine underfur about 10 mm. in length, light gray at base and ochraceous at tip, (b) broad, grooved bristles slightly longer than the underfur, light horn color at base, those on back blackish at tip, those on sides uniform throughout, and (c) slender terete hairs 20 | mm. in length, blackish throughout, but darker at tip than at base. The long hairs are rather abundant on back, most numerous posteriorly. On sides they soon disappear. On belly the bristles and underfur alone are present, both much reduced in length, and without dark bases. Legs nearly free from bristles except on outer side. Color.—General color above dull ochraceous fading to ochraceous buff or dull buff yellow on sides, the sides nearly clear, but back, shoulders, neck and head uniformly sprinkled with black-tipped hairs and bristles which are nowhere in excess of the ochraceous. Cheeks clear ochrace- ous buff. Muzzle hair brown, paler at the sides. A narrow dark shade encircles each eye but without forming a distinct eyering. Underparts and inner surface of legs clear light cream buff to base of hairs, sharply defined and extending to wrists and ankles. Feet mixed whitish and sepia. ‘Tail and naked ears uniform dark brown throughout. Tail.—The slender tail is conspicuously and regularly annulated. At middle there are 11 or 12 rings to the centimeter. The rings are sharply marked off from each other, and so slightly divided by cross furrows that to the unaided eye they appear entire. With a lens they are seen to be made up of rectangular scales slightly longer than broad. The free edges of the rings are slightly crenulate and from beneath them spring stiff black hairs whose length slightly exceeds width of rings. There are usually three hairs to each division of the ring. Toward tip the rings become much narrower and the hairs longer, forming a thin but evident pencil. Skull.—The skull of Mus cremoriventer (Pl. V, Fig. 2) is shorter and broad- er than that of M, jerdom (Pl. V, Fig. 1). Its reduction in length is due more to shortening of the rostrum than of the braincase, so that the - form of the skull is sensibly altered. Incisive foramina shorter and re- latively broader than in Mus jerdoni, their posterior extremity on level with front of first molar. Antorbital foramen smaller than in Mus jer- doni but less contracted below. The maxillary plate forming its outer wall is narrow, the greatest width only 2.8 mm. Its anterior border is faintly concave below and faintly convex above, the general slope uni- Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. 145 formly backward. Zygomata light though less slender than in MW. jerdoni, not abruptly flaring anteriorly. Supraorbital ridges well developed and continued backward to interparietal, but not forming a distinct postorbi- tal angle. Teeth.—The teeth agree closely with those of Mus jerdoni. Arrange- ment of molar tubercules as in M. jerdoni and M, decumanus. Anterior face of incisors bright orange, the upper somewhat darker than the lower. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 317; head and body, 146; tail vertebra, 171; pencil, 8; hind foot, 30 (28.5)?;* ear from meatus, 17; ear from crown, 13; width of ear, 12. A second speci- men: total length, 305; head and body, 130; tail ver ebre, 175; hind foot, 30 (28.5) ?* Cranial measurements of type: greatest leng*h, 34; basal length, 28; basilar length, 25; palatal length, 13.4; least width of palate between anterior molars, 3.4; diastema, 8.2; length of incisive foramen, 5.6; com- bined breadth of incisive foramina, 2.6; length of nasals, 11.8; combined breadth of nasals, 4; zygomatic breadth, 15.4; interorbital breadth, 6; mastoid breadth, 12.8; breadth of braincase over roots of zygomata, 14.8; depth of braincase at front of basioccipital, 10; fronto-palatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 7; least depth of rostrum imme- diately behind incisors, 6; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 6; width of front upper molar, 1.6; mandible, 15.6; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 6. Specimens examined.—T wo, both from the type locality. Remarks.—Mus cremoriventer differs too widely from the other species known to occur on the Malay Peninsula to require any special compari- son. It is immediately recognizable by its moderate size, slender form, spiny fur, and long, unicolor, slightly penicillate tail. Mus asper sp. nov. Type adult female (skin and skull) No. 86,767 Uuited States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at an alti- tude of about 1000 ft., February 2, 1899. Characters.—Smaller than Mus jerdoni (hind foot about 28 mm). Tail shorter than head and body, bicolor, but not white at tip. Fur of back very densely set with stiff bristles. General color raw sienna above, dull buff beneath, the fur everywhere dusky at base; a tawny spot on chest. Skull relatively broader than in Mus jerdoni or M cremoriventer, the ante- rior portion of the zygomata more abruptly flaring and whole arch dispro- portionally heavy. Fur.—The fur is as in Mus jerdoni and M. cremoriventer, except that the spines are more abundant on back and less numerous on sides and belly. Back with very ‘few long terete hairs. Legs wholly free from bristles. Color.—General color above raw sienna (slightly paler than Ridgway, Pl. V, Fig. 2) fading to light ochraceous on sides, Back, shoulders, neck, and head uniformly clouded or speckled with bister; this and the raw *Distorted in preparation; measurement probably too long. 146 Miller.— Seven New Rats collected in Siam. sienna present in about equal quantities. Bister soon disappearing on sides and cheeks. Muzzle hair brown, grayish at sides. A dark shade about eye. Underparts dull buff, sharply defined, much darker and browner than in M. cremoriventer, fading to buffy gray on chin and inner side of legs, down which it extends to join dull white of feet. A small tawny spot on middle of chest. Fur of underparts everywhere conspicuously dusky at base. Tail.—Except for its shortness the tail is essentially like that of M. cremoriventer. The annulation, however, is a little less distinct, and the: rings are more noticeably divided by cross furrows. In none of the specimens is the tail perfect to extreme tip, but there is no apparent ten- dency to form a pencil. Skull.—The skull of Mus asper (Pl. V, Fig. 8) while of about the same length as that of Mus jerdoni (Pl. V, Fig..1) differs conspicuously in the deeper rostrum, strongly cuneate nasals, larger antorbital foramen, heavier, more abruptly flaring and more depressed zygomata, and larger, strongly angled supraorbital ridges. Incisive foramina short and broad, their outer margins convergent anteriorly. Interpterygoid space shorter and wider than in Mus jerdoni. Plate forming outer wall of antorbital foramen essentially as in Mus cremoriventer, and distinctly less convex above than in Mus jerdont. _ Teeth.—The teeth appear to be precisely like those of Mus eey, Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 254; head and body, 133; tail vertebree, 121; hind foot, 27 (25.5); ear from meatus, 18; ear from crown, 13; width of ear, 14. An adult male from the type locality: total length, 235; head and body, 121; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot, 28 (26.5). The hind foot in two specimens. in alcohol measures respectively, 28.6 (27.4) and 26 (25). Cranial measurements of type; greatest length, 34; basal length, 28; basilar length, 26; palatal length, 13.4; least width of palate between anterior molars, 3.6; diastema, 8.4; length of incisive foramen, 4.6; com- bined breadth of incisive foramina, 2.8; length of nasals, 11; combined breadth of nasals, 3.8; zygomatic breadth, 15.4; interorbital breadth, 5.8; mastoid breadth, 11.8; breadth of braincase above roots of zygo- mata, 13.6; depth of braincase at front of basioccipital, 9.8: frontopala- tal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 8; least depth immediately behind incisors, 6; maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 6; width of first upper molar, 1.4; mandible, 17.2; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 5.4. Specimens. examined.—Six (two in alcohol), all from the type locality. Remarks.—While Mus asper differs widely from the known mainland representatives of the genus it is probably rather closely related to the Bornean Mus whiteheadi Thomas, a species which I know by description only. Mus asper agrees with the Bornean animal in size, character of fur, color scheme, and general aspect of skull, but differs from it in its shorter tail, lighter color with stronger, contrast between sides and belly, less developed maxillary plate forming outer wall of antorbital foramen; relatively wider incisive foramina, and apparently longer molar row, Miller. — Seven New Rats collected in Siam. 147 <« Mus pellax sp. nov. Type adult female (skin and skull) No. 86,755 United States National Museum, collected in the mountains of Trong, Lower Siam, at an alti- tude of about 1000 ft., February 5, 1899. Characters.—Closely related to Mus jerdoni Blyth from Mount Mooleyit, Burmah, but with larger skull and teeth, much shorter incisive foramina and relatively smaller audital bulle. Nasals extending. conspicuously be- hind nasal branches of premaxillaries. White of inner side of thigh con- tinued along lower leg to join that of foot, as in Mus jerdont. Fur.—The fur is as in Mus jerdoni and M. cremortventer. Color.—Back and sides clay color tinged with ochraceous, particularly on shoulders and flanks, and everywhere darkened by mixture of Van- dyke brown, the latter in excess over middle of back, nearly disappear- ing on sides. Underparts white, sharply defined, this color extending down inner side of legs and covering dorsal surface of feet. Muzzle hair brown. Face and crown like back. An ill defined brown eyering. Between ears there is a conspicuous elongate white spot, ,possibly due to albinism. Earsdark brown. Tail bicolor, but not sharply so, light brown above, whitish below, the colors becoming indefinite near tip. Tatl.—The tail is indistinctly annulated; ten rings tothe centimeter at middle. The rings are not sharply defined. Each is divided into seg- ments distinctly broader than long. From beneath the free edges of the rings grows numerous hairs whose length about equals width of two rings. These hairs are not definitely arranged, and from one to four spring from each section. At tip the rings become very irregular, but the hairs, contrary to the general rule, are reduced in length. Skull.—Though noticeably larger than that of Mus jerdoni the skull of Mus pellax does not differ from it in general form. The audital bulle are a shade smaller than in .Wus jerdoni, therefore relatively of much less size. Incisive foramina short and broad, the outer margins converging anteriorly. Nasals extending nearly 3 mm. behind nasal branches of premaxillaries. At anterior extremity each nasal is emarginated on outer side so that the two together form a narrow median point. Other- wise the skull agrees with that of Mus jerdont. Teeth.—The teeth are much broader than those of Mus jerdont. Knam- el pattern as in VW. jerdont and M. decumanus except in the presence of a minute supplemental tubercle between first and second tubercles on in- ner side of second upper molar. Though present and perfectly symmet- rical in the tooth of each side it is probably not a normal character. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 317; head and body, 152; tail vertebra, 165; hind foot, 35 (83); ear from ~ meatus, 21; ear from crown, 16; width of ear, 17. Cranial measurements of type: greatest length, 41; basal length, 34; basilar length, 31; palatal length, 17; least width of palate between an- terior molars, 4; diastema,.11.5; length of incisive foramen, 6; combined breadth of incisive foramina, 3; length of nasals, 16; combined breadth of nasals, 4.8; zygomatic breadth, 18; interorbital breadth, 6,4; mastoid 148 Miller—Seven New Rats collected in Siam. breadth, 14; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 16; depth of braincase at front of basioccipital, 10.8; fronto-palatal depth at posterior extremity of nasals, 8.8; least depth immediately behind incisors, 7; maxillary toothrow (alveoi), 6.8; width of first upper molar, 2; mandi- ble, 21.5; mandibular toothrow (alveoli), 6.5. Specimens ecamined.—One, the type. Remarks.—While this species is very distinct from Mus jerdoni, its re- lationship to Mus surifer is questionable. Dr. Abbott writes that he ex- amined numerous individuals and that in the flesh they could be invaria- bly distinguished from the species with which they were associated. The white spot on the head he regards as a normal character. | Mus surifer sp. nov. Type adult male (skin and skull) No. 86,746 United States National Museum, collected in the mountain of Trong, Lower Siam, at an altitude of about 3,000 feet, January 14, 1899. Characters.—In general appearance much like Mus jerdoni and M. pellax, but larger and more robust than either. Fur thickly spiny. Tail about equal to head and body, though usually somewhat longer, bicolor with exception of terminal third or fourth, which is entirely dull white. Hind leg from knee to heel usually ochraceous on both sides thus separating white of inner side of thigh from that of foot. Skull much larger and more conspicuously ridged than that of Mus jerdont. Fur.—The fur is as in Ma@syjerdoni and M. cremorwenter. Color.—Upper parts uniform tawny ochraceous, heavily sprinkled with blackish brown on posterior half of back, less so on shoulders and head. Sides, flanks, cheeks and outer surface of legs clear tawny ochraceous. Underparts white to base of hairs. The white extends down inner sides of front legs to wrists, but on hind legs it normally reaches barely be- yond knee, below which the entire leg is ochraceous, though slightly dulled on inner side by the dusky bases of the hairs. Occasionaly, how- ever, the white extends in a narrow irregular line to heel. Feet dull white. Ears and dorsal surface of tail to terminal third or fourth dark brown. Underside of tail and whole of terminal third or fourth dull white. Tail.—The tail is distinctly annulated, thea less evenly than in Mus cremorwenter. There are about 12 rings to the centimeter at middle. The rings are indistinctly divided into sections slightly longer than broad, from the free edge of each of which spring 1-3 hairs equal in length to width of about one and one half rings. At tip the rings become nar- rower and less regular, the hairs at the same time increasing in abund- ance, but not in length, and not forming a pencil. Skull.—The skull of Mus surifer (Pl. V, Fig. 4) is eétisploadisly larger than that of M. jerdoni (Pl. V, Fig. 1), though not very different in form. Supraorbital ridges high and continued backward to interparietal, and in old individuals forming a strong postorbital angle. Incisive foramina relatively much shorter and wider than in Mus jerdont, distinctly wider | posteriorly than anteriorly. Miller—Seven New Rats collected in Siam. 149 Teeth.—The teeth are relatively broader than in Mus jerdmi, but in structure they show no peculiarities. Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 400; head and body, 197; tail, 203; hind foot, 38 (36); ear from meatus, 21:5; ear from crown, 18; width of ear, 15. Ten specimens (five of each sex) from the type locality average: total length, 372 (356-400); head and body, 187 (162-197); tail vertebrae, 185.5 (175-203); hind foot, 38.6 (86-40); hind foot without claws, 35.8 (34-39). Cranial measurments of type: greatest length 46 (36.6)*; basal length, 40 (80); basilar length, 37 (27.6); palatal length, 19’ (14.8); least width of palate between anterior molars, 4.6 (3.8); diastema, 18.4 (9.4); length of incisive foramen, 7.4 (6.6); combined breadth of incisive foramina, 4 (3); length of nasals, 18.6 (14); combined breadth of nasals, 5 (3.6); zygomatic breadth, 19.8 (15.4); interorbital breadth, 7.6 (6); mastoid breadth, 15 (13); breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 16 (15); depth of braincase at front of basioccipital, 12 (10.4); frontopalatal depth at pos- terior extremity of nasals, 9 (8); least depth of rostrum immediately be- hind incisors, 8 (6.8); maxillary toothrow (alveoli), 7 (6); width of front upper molar, 2 (1.6); mandible, 24.6 (18.6); mandibular molar series (alveoli), 7 (5.8). Specimens exramined.—Twenty-one, all from the type locality. Remarks.—Mus surifer is somewhat closely related to Mus jerdoni, though immediately distinguishable by its much greater size. Two adult specimens of the latter measure: total length, 325 and 322; head and body, 200 and 192; tail vertebrae, 125 and 130; hind foot, 31.5 (30.5) and 30.5 (29.5); ear from meatus, 19 and 19; ear from crown, 16 and 16; width of ear, 14 and 13. Externally Mus surifer is probably much like the Bornean Mus rajah Thomas; but the skull is considerably smaller. Some of the cranial measurements of the type of Mus rajah are: greatest length, 51; basilar length, 41; zygomatic breadth, 22; nasals, 19; dias- tema 14.5 *Measurements in parenthesis are those of an adult specimen of Mus jerdont from Mount Mooleyit, Burmah. 150 Re ee ee Miller—Seven New Rats collected in Stam. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (All figures slightly less than natural size.) Piatss III anp IV. . Mus validus. Type. Mus ferreocanus. Type. Mus vociferans. Type. Mus bowersi. Adult male, Yado, Burmah (Genoa Museum). PLATE V. . Mus jerdoni. Adult female No. 101,520, United States National Museum. Mount Mooleyit, Burmah. . Mus cremoriventer. Type. . Mus asper. Type. . Mus surifer. Topotype. No. 86,760, United States National Museum. (A much younger specimen than that of M. jerdont.) PL. til BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. XIII, 1900 PROC. 3. Mus vociferans. 4. Mus bowersi. 1. Mus validus. 2. Mus ferreocanus. “Id “ISMOMOQ SU] “Ff ‘SUBIOJIOOA SHIT ‘E (] Se Ki AA Sts <=>S5 2S ‘SNUBDODIIOJ SNL *Z ‘SMpI[BA SNL “T O06! ‘11IX “TOA ““HSVM ‘OOS “10OIE ‘OO'd PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH., VOL. XIII, 1900 PL. 1. Mus jerdoni. 3. Mus asper. 2. Mus cremoriventer. 4. Mus surifer. x 2 Ps Sabet Cea wt eters: «| on :VOL. XIII, PP. 151-152. | JUNE 13, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW MAMMALS FROM CALIFORNIA. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Sciuropterus oregonensis stephensi subsp. nov. CALIFORNIA COAST FLYING SQUIRREL. Type from Sherwood, Mendocino Co., Calif. (alt. 2500 ft.) No. 99,830 © yg. ad., U. S. Nat: Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected May 10, 1894, by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2307. Characters.—Similar to oregonensis but smaller and paler; underparts and underside of tail without trace of fulvous suffusion. Skull smaller; occipital region much more strongly decurved; frontals narrower inter- orbitally and broader posteriorly; nasals and premaxille narrower pos- teriorly. - Measurements.—Type specimen, Q ad: Total length 277; tail vertebree 131; hind foot 37. Remarks.—In coloration this subspecies resembles klamathensis much more closely than oregonensis, but it is slightly darker than klamathensis and has much smaller ears and audital bulle. Procyon pallidus sp. nov. DESERT RACCOON. Type from New River, Colorado Desert, Calif. No. 99,272 9 ad., U.S. _ Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected Oct. 16, 1899 by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2246. Characters.—Size medium; coloration uniform pale gray, very much paler and grayer than any other known form; head markings relatively narrow, the dark dividing the white bar between the eyes less distinctly black than in the other species. There is no yellowish suffusion in the pelage anywhere, not even on the tail. The tail rings may be traced all 32—BIoL. Soc. WASH. Vou. XITIT, 1900. -) \ 'e ee \ JUN 16 1900, : i 152 Merriam—New Harvest Mouse from Mexico. the way around although the basal ones on the underside are very in- distinct. ; Cranial characters.—Skull similar in general to that of psora, resem- bling it much more closely than that of hernandeai. It differs from psora, however, in having the jugal much narrower below the orbit, and in having the lower premolars larger and more crowded. The fourth lower premolar in particular is much more swollen than in psora, Measurements.—(Type specimen, @, in flesh:) Total length 855; tail vertebree 295; hind foot 128. > DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HARVEST MOUSE (REITHRODONTOMYS) FROM MEXICO. BY C. HART MERRIAM. Reithrodontomys chrysopsis sp. nov. Type from Mt. Popocatapet!, Mexico. No. 52,031 ¢% ad. U.S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected Feb. 25, 1893 by E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Orig. No. 4405. Characters.—Size small; ears large and moderately haired; tail very long, slender and well haired; fur long and very soft; color golden-yel- lowish. Color.—Upperparts from nose to tail rich bright golden-yellowish, somewhat darkened on back and rump by admixture of black hairs; underparts whitish suffused with pale salmon fulvous; ears and ankles dusky; fore and hind feet white; tail sharply bicolor: above dusky, be- low white. Cranial characters.—Skull small and frail; braincase papery, in- flated, subglobular posteriorly and everywhere well rounded; interorbital region narrow, without trace of supraorbital beads; zygomata slender but strongly notched by antorbital slits; rostrum small and very nar- row; audital bulle rather small; incisive foramina very long, cutting plane of first molars, and of even breadth throughout. Measurements.—Type specimen: Total length 194; tail vertebra 108; hind foot 21. Average of two specimens from type locality: Total length 185.5; tail vertebre 100; hind foot 20.5. VoL. XIII, PP. 153-158 e JUNE 13, 1900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW MAMMALS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. BY F. STEPHENS. Perognathus panamintinus arenicola subsp. nov. Type from San Felipe Narrows, San Diego Co., California. No. 99,828, d', U. S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected April 11, 1892 by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2056. Characters.—Similar to P. panamintinus bangst but paler and whiter; mastoids greatly swollen and projecting much further back than the occiput; interparietal very small. Measurements.—Total length, 141; tail vertebrae, 82; hind foot, 19. Myotis californicus pallidus subsp. nov. Type from Vallecito, San Diego Co., California. No. 99,829, ¢, U.S. Nat. Mus., Biological Survey Coll. Collected April 1, 1895 by F. Stephens. Orig. No. 2498. Characters.—Size small; wings short, wing membrane thin and light; ears small; general appearance delicate, color very pale: light ochraceous buff or brownish cream buff; below dull white; basal part of pelage above and below blackish. Measurements.—Total length, 80; expanse, 208; tail vertebre, 42; ear, 11; thumb, 4; forearm, 30; tibia, 15. 338—-BIoL. Soc. WASH. VOL, XIII, 1900. (158) TCA. Jason an Ins iS Mes Ut; \ JUN LG 190 i/ ae oo aN ~ ro 2 > ad “a si \* 724 154 _ General Notes. GENERAL NOTES. The Vespertilio concinnus of Harrison Allen, Through the kindness of Mr. Witmer Stone I have recently had the opportunity to examine the bats on which Harrison Allen based the name Vespertilio concinnus (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 280). The specimens, two in number, are in alcohol, and labeled ‘‘San Salvador, Dr. J. Leidy.’’ Though much faded in color they are clearly referable to Myotis nigricans (Maximilian), or at least to that form of the species occuring in Columbia and southern Mexico. The name concin- nus is therefore a synonym of nigricans unless the bat to which it was applied should eventually prove to be distinct from the true nigricans of Brazil, specimens of which I have not seen. In that case it would be tenable for the northern animal.— Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. The generic name Evotomys not invalidated by Anaptogonia. In a posthumous paper on the fauna of the Port Kennedy bone fissure (Journ. Acad, Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 2d Ser. XI, p. 201) Cope substi- tuted the name Anaptogonia Cope 1871 based on a fossil Microtine rodent for Hvotomys Coues 1874 originally applied to the Redbacked Mice. The change was made on account of the supposed generic identity of the fossil and living animals. Through the courtesy of Mr. Witmer Stone I have recently had an opportunity to examine two specimens of Anap- togonia from the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This material shows that Anaptogonia, although provided with rooted molars, is in no way closely related to Hvotomys. The teeth are as large as in Microtus (Neofiber) alleni, and the enamel pattern is characterized by acute angularity. The genus thus resembles the ‘‘Arcicola intermedius’’ of Newton and the Dolomys of Nehring. Therefore the name Hvotomys as applied to the Redbacked Mice is in no way invalidated by the pre- vious publication of Anaptogonia.—Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. Note on Micronycteris brachyotis (Dobson) and M. microtis Miller. In describing a bat from Greytown, Nicaragua, under the name J/- eronycterts microtis (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, p, 328), I overlooked the fact that Dobson had previously (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1878, p. 880) described a member of the same genus from Cayenne, French Guiana, as Schizostoma brachyote, a. name not cited in Troues- sart’s ‘Catalogus.’ The two animals are evidently much more distinct from each other than the similarity of their specific names would at first suggest. Micronycteris brachyotis is, with the exception of M. behnii, one of the largest species of the genus (forearm 40 mm.), while M. microtis is among the smallest (forearm 31). In MM. brachyotis the General Notes. 155 upright portion of the noseleaf is ‘‘much narrower than the horse- shoe,’’ and the prominences on the chin are of very peculiar form. In M. microtis the upright portion of the noseleaf is fully as wide as the ‘horse-shoe,’ and the prominences on the chin are exactly as in normal members of the genus.— Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. The systematic name of the Cuban red bat. In Ramon de la Sagra’s Historia Fisica Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba, III, p. 32, 1845, Gervais describes the cuban red bat as Vespertilio blossevillii. Publication of the name he attributes to Lesson and Garnot, “Bull. Se. Nat. VIII, p. 95.’’ This reference I have not been able to verify, but it unquestionably antedates the publication of Gundlach’s name Atalapha pfeiffert (1861) by sixteen years. The animal should therefore be known as Lasiurus blossevillit.— Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr. Note on the Vespertilio blythii of Tomes.* In 1857 Tomes published a description of the Indian representative of Myotis myotis under the name Vespertilio blythii (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- don, 1857, p. 53). Recent authors have without exception regarded the animal as identical with the European form. A specimen collected by Dr. W. LL. Abbott in Kashmir (2 adult No. 22542 United States National Museum) shows, however, that this view is not correct, and that Myotis blythii is a well characterized species, readily distinguishable from M. myotis by its shorter ears, much smaller audital bulle, and by a peculiar- ity in the form of the maxillary molars. In these teeth the protocone is lower and further removed from the paracone than in M. myotis, a character which is at once appreciable when the teeth of the two species are viewed in profile from the front. This peculiarity is evi- dently of considerable importance, as I can find no appreciable variation in the form of the molars among a large number of European speci- mens of M. myotis.—Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. The Scotophilus pachyomus of Tomes a valid species. Described in 1857 (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 50) from specimens taken in India the Seotophilus pachyomus of Tomes has of recent years been regarded as inseparable from the European Serotine Bat (see Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 191, and Blanford, Mamm. Brit. India, p. 303). Two individuals taken by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the Vale of Kashmir and now in the United States National Museum (Nos. 31884 and 21°83) agree in all respects with the characters given by Tomes and *This note and the four following are published here by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 156 General Notes. show that the animal differs widely from Vespertilio serotinus. It is slightly larger than the European species, (forearm 52, foot 12 (10.4), tibia 22.4), the skull is broader anteriorly, the crowns of the upper molars are less narrowed on the lingual side and the color is much paler. Fur very silky in texture, about 3 mm. in length at middle of back. Hairs of dorsal surface light broccolibrown from base nearly to tip, then dark sepia, followed by silvery gray at extremity. The colors blend insensibly into each other, and the whitish tips of the hairs pro- duce a frosted effect nearly as distinct as that in V. murinus. Fur of ven- tral surface very pale ecru drab at base, fading to whitish gray at tip; a fairly defined line of demarkation between colors of upper and lower surfaces. These characters are sufficient to distinguish Vespertilio pachyomus specifically from V. serotinus.—Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. A Bat of the genus Lichonycteris in South America. Eichonycteris obscurus, the only known representative of its genus, was described in 1895 from a single adult female taken at Managua, Nicaragua (Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XVI, pp. 55-57, July, 1895). While identifving some old skins in the United States National Museum I recently found a specimen of this species labeled ‘Surinam, Edw. Koebel.”’ It is without further history except that it was entered in the Museum register, as No. 14815 on March 6, 1885. The known range of the genus is thus greatly extended. In all respects the Surinam specimen exactly agrees with the GHAteCler given in the original description.—(Gerrit S. Miller, Jr. The systematic name of the large noctule bat of Europe. ’ The first notice of the Large Noctule of southern Europe appears to have been published in 1869 by Fatio in the first volume of the ‘‘Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse. Here specimens taken in the trunk of a tree near Amsteg, Canton of Uri, Switzerland, were recorded as [ Ves- perugo noctula| var. maxima (Mammifeéres, p. 57). More recently the animal has been considered identical with the Pterygistes lasiopterus of China and Japan (For references see Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium, I, p. 111). Two specimens from Pisa, Italy, recently obtained by the United States National Museum differ noticeably from a pair of P. last- opterus collected some years ago by Mr. P. L, Jouy at Fusan, Corea. They are distinctly larger (forearm, 176 CYytiSPOTa TUMUIOSA... 0.0 cscsscascrocecvsscace 181 Cytisporella Carnea...........ccccsccccses-eoe 181 D ‘Daniel, J. W., Jr.: Zoological col- lecting in Cuba............. a cartes seep xv Dall, W. H.: Honolulu and the Ha- WILT TSIBDOS ooo oars oiicleeceehen: xiii Exhibition of Borringtonia SHOCOCW ois eon. cersscv sites: nathan tesyedoe xiii _ Discovery of fossil coral reef INASGOTOIOY. fo. sur eit oak: xix Abnormal Chiton from Cali- POPWI Gia crlioa e xix Dasypus gymnurue............. Pottcswaay cots os EEN UQOB Iss catessnneartarses>sanycerseseok 5 novemcinctus.................., Leeal ae octodecimecinctus 72 SOPtOMCINCHUB. 35. cess ce 72 SORGINOUNE Clie eRe yee ek 72 EPIOMOCNA Ceca oe 72 RITE CIMGINN 3352, oN SCR esti she ccck oes 71 Deinandra fasciculata....................08 118 MelpHMAPvSr uss ks. aes. s ses ke icectoccoceaee 24 Delphinus bidentatus........... 24 GOSMALOSCHG oe lorie oesbescisoceee 24 DOPOD eyes eo Asoo eee 24 PUHOCACHOIACS Sree ie css ce 23 ast ec Ry eat mates aap CNRS Wee 24 Dendrocincla anguina............c..ccccceee 100 Dentaria integrifolia:.c.:.0..6eec ieee 114 De Schweinitz, E.. A.: Practical working of serum treatment of SWINGS. EES x Dewey, L. H.: Frost flowers............ xiv Some foreign varieties of cot- BOR cars Nese eet ese eis tke as xviii TIS WEY S GLO ULN ee ee evince 120 DiGHACSA TONSA oi io. Eeciccece cececcSacecesce 117 Dicranium drummondi...................06- 173 WRLC IOC Y ROS sec ras 05S eke to cece ak etniecc es 42 Dimerosporium collinsii................... 173 Dipetalia subulata.............0..ccccceeeceees 115 Diplodia paraphysata : 181 Dipodomys Glator............ccsccrseccosereees 167 PGT BS INIG Sock ss slo ovccesrcesinaanbcesccsns 167 Beara PERMA os 5s os vendo cnasuesevanen 166, 183 RCL T GW cls po iigs Gis kos bends cuca vctoawsis less bagnes 154 — Drepanolobus lanatusS..........cccceeeeeeeees 114 DryMophila Caudata............secccecseceees 100 Dryopteris celsa 65 clintoniana... : » 66 OPTRUMGA oe ithe sbeascsanes vas’ Oe OVA ei ois cite nadccness ewctacesecnes 65 PORN OBIT Eos cacherscoanvcsapeocnaece 65 TOV TTA ia os oer koe cos eschvnged oacepexae 68 NOVEDOLACENSIS. ........ccccecesereeeees 64 spinulosa.. 68 the ]LYPteris 2.2... ..cc0ciccccccevsvees ent Index. Page DPvOry Riisioosas teas "3 Dysmicodon californicum................. 117 E Echeveria lanceolata. ......c.css.ccsecseeces 119 PUIVErUlENtar....ccecccrcceccisdesccseess 119 Echinocactus viridescens.................. 120 POL Pie TUGOrAUS? sie cccec ce ticcicaces 115 Emballonura peninsularis................ 193 Encelia: Californica..........cc.c0.ccccecnsses 117 ESNCOU DOP CUS iiss ia cecsivadiscoscvsnsovcupcaceces 72 HMrigeron- fOlOSUS 6.2 ccccces..s.csecoseveccsese 117 A ORRGUAS oo ilcdas i vinbee ess ben senidgctiveces 117 hispidus.......... 117 Eriophyllum trifidum....................0.5 117 Erysimum grandiflorum.................... 114 Eupatorium purpureum...........6....... 180 Bap hraees hiaeias hi atisseed kcinves ese aay +! Burypsera LUCAS 25.0 iris, ccc edces 120 FER TON Bs acai es ee anaes Seats 42 Euscarthmus granadensis................ 96 Evans, Walter: Trifoliate and tri- partite grape leaves............. xiii, xiv Evermann, B. W.: Lake Maxinkuc- BOO 2. clits oe Ac sane ake iii Concerning species and sub- BPOCIOS: ir siceceessecctecedineesssesessteuteucvas xvi Papaw occurring in Porto PCOS: Salt Aes ee xvi Gcisred illustrations of fishes Of POMO RiCO i idasissia oe xvii POVOUOURY 5 iiiiscc sis chev ecthesak cnsv asap vete 154 F Fagus BMETIGAN A. «..cc5:eiensreasieusbeasan ae 175 WMAlGO. TUAGUIALIG i onic. ives: dncrssianmeayens 92 PELE . COMCOLO Gas. sic rcciescnkccdaperateedeacts 15 COIN asi sks bvcceusen sev sonarus ieaigeene 15 FUORI ON BiG scence a cy cvey Seber band) peas 15. WIPPOLOSCOS 6. vi csyesctscvcvevass scwasbenes 15 OFOLONED SIS. ..ciccscSicskschesssedvesense 16 Fisher, A. K.: The Great Dismal SWAMED iss cekinscancschecssokesatveursuassscning x Franseria Dumila..........ccsccceesseseeees 120 Fusarium aleurinum...............ccecsceess 181 OER POON oss cekeicinssvnqaerrnh aedees 181 Fusicoccum nervicolum.................6. 181 G Galeopithecus volans..............0:08e 193 Goa Et ee Hd oe oe ais cvcaveceaeaten ss 120 SWPTPIIEICO RUIN. vest di cccovenanceseee? 120 Gardner, F.G.: Soils of Dismal Dis- WAT SWI sso ocds on tsanctoosmsooesersentes = Exhibition of oolitic sand fPOm Sarre GEO tee ascs sees xvii Geaster hygrometricuS.................006 173 Gentiana eitrina........ Np ape REAR EE, 130 COMMECTHEMS...........0cccceceeceeceeees 131 OCU ES eetacer setae 131 SAR Le D9 pga banners tote Seah yippanesraat een! 131 WUE als sac ch cnscee aaeeaepicsaen dies 130 Geothlypis philadelphia.................... 105 Gerbillus arenicolor....................5 163 WBMES ILL «5 coins ss-cscavy tosesesesnte 163 CRORE RN oe ioe veoe cco cccubauavcacnpeeuae 178 Gifola germanica | Fa prep ETRE ORS TTT 180 Gilbert, G. K.: Submerged forests of Columbia River........cc.cccecseeee xiii New term for sum of local fauna and fliora..... xiv Glossophaga elongata............... 124, 159 LONPITOSGTI a ene 124, 159 Godetia epilobioides....... Wucteswuighiv seats 200 Gnaphalium erubescens ramosissimum.......... Grindelia Cuneifolia............cccseececeeeee robusta...... Gypagus papa H \ Hapalocercus equeprenis BEavcadeaannes - 96 Sora Eeeket ecu miceebe eschsvbantseqecna 96 POSURE 5 vac. soe ese oe veces eccveeescecceset Hasibenten mivicrio 102 unicolor. RachsvvacadteRvapseerdeas 102 UBL OPIS isin dies ccesevsassadaneees 103 Hartmannia glomerata............sccscer 118 Hay, O. P.: Census of fossil verte- DEAGCS iiss. si echeethsaasecess Chronologicai distribution ee H1laSMOdranchs. ........2..cscccscesssessee Hay, W. P.: Exhibition of wana” pus CT MIB gol a a xvii Heleodytes Zularis.............cccseseeceecees stridulus........ Helianthemum scoparium. puteanateetacse 114 Helianthus agrestis...................0666 184 POTIMON US os coceeceessevessceeascorseecvenss 184 Heliochera rubrocristata................+ 98 Helminthophila DUS ool iveccneaeevens 105 Helminthosporium fusiforme........... 181 Hetherotheca grandiflora.................. 118 Hieracium argutuM...............csesccseees 118 Hill, R. T.: Natural aspects of Porto RaGos cscs cess. sons de Saukenseberee Hosackia crassifolia..............ccccsecseees 116 i SIRE Lt SOP eNE PELE PR ME ey 116 maritima .. 116 TAICTANUDUS: ocisass ioe vol iksecethrcentetess 114 OGIEO] CUCB icin céceccsscexts sks tassedsbaces 116 prostratus. oe 116 PUDORCOD [isi ioavcsdeccet dsescasatesess 119 SESE TN afb: HEP BOE Py SEP PERPELEP HEE CER 116 QU EORR.:. iocchczbcatsctaksssuas 35 3 The malaria mosquitos. ....... xix Hyla Carolimenslsi isp .iskesccicstavcescersones 15 CINECTESR.........40 76 FoR LS.) ruben Caters 5 denen ape rt %6 THOPC Os oii cccesenbaebatanes coast iwes ce teaver %6 WICK GPIB GTR oss 3h ccistageece scons seee! toteen 78 Hylocichla swainsonl. .:...............0000. 107 - I TMPatiens AUCH. s. sercapseseceessesscas seek stoce 180 Tsocoma Vernonioides.............ceceseeeees 118 TSOMECTIS BPDOTEAs i... 5. ieccdeiessccyecsesssonus 119 ss James, Henry: Recent progress in FOTESEIY soo. oc sas. ccvadavecduacabaveurecteteces xix Judd, Sylvester D.: Birds killed by Washington monument May 12, gies) eed Sep ae xii Feeding experiments with captive: DITdS % :..3, cctg en cletiss xvii Eye of Byblis serratda............ 47-51 4 Bee babe eben mse 204 Page reas tO T. H.: Flora of D:smal Kneima ‘Tongipedivaiiate te waded a heaaias 182 ot LiGTVORDOSR WAG. oR cickkoi vai soe ckcs ee Lasiurus blossevillii uF WESIMOL ick Thesisiehas souks Risa, Lathyrus BEVIACU So ccdsss csakcemutane REA GIN oh oacossisoabihseinkaa ees EMI GOD ccs acceso vektecding pede Git: abt’ LSODS1A DIROLAs is cesiesosien oe iianacnds TIGIBUDOD. LUCOUS -- 5s npsnscecn oye cise tsar castte Lepidium lasiocarpum......... .......: 115 Fin OANA CTA Ss, hhc cise ivsehsosns shavayeceon 114 CRT CEUGD sy Te DOES ROM te MERON RN AIRE eet 115 Lepidum californicum.. 55 Gass a CHAR ESAS aes oe 114 Leptonycteris curasoae............ 126, 159 PAC RTISS. csi. cteanh oiavcio wakes dnieey eaaees 126 Leptosyne californica....................006 ‘121 GOURIBG esius: 9s csesnacisseeth maces ease 121 MTT AGATA os checucinscs bce g te baces eh eeaeks 121 Leptotaenia californica...... ieaiy ben eattvaes 117 Lepus EPOLIOUS: os ccens cadulscadaudy sink nai cee’ 39 DANQSI.........eecseseeeseesseseneeerseeeenes 39 EPA VAP EUG oy discs beoudss Wadden es iden sacar ee 166 ID INOO NSIS, 5.505 cdcaipiad env sbancnaseges oaks 157 WaDradorius.....2.a.....cccccceeeeeee 89 WHOGGIE «vc cvan te fivscu ces \arsveninatbasbens 166 WICRO US. s. is isc ebsons essays sans crteeas 184 WIBOBRCOLOD a caceinns Goto baa tan seee on ae 6 Leucorhamphu............ Leucoseris saxatilis GUILT oo ods sess kespstomaivedeoie Leucuria phalerata.................cce000 ens OO Lichonycteris ODSCULUS.............ceceeees 156 Lissodelphis peronii...............cesceseeeee 4 Lithophragma cymbalaria................ 115 Loeflingla SQUBLTOSS. 635.5. ii556 Ssnenee sess. 118 Loew, Oscar: Fermentation of to- Le) eh a 75 Rapin eL cae BUNDY NO BESS Svar i se HOe em xi Function of mineral sub- stances in organisSMS.................. xii Chemical and biological prop- erties of protoplasm....... aaveaweees xviii TMPULUTE SORT OUI Gos cx cecch sus devaharsredies ces *N 81 TaGGete OOD GEL <<<) oo osc cdcsvamvnes teasnepics 119 SP ERTION sc ohan cal «050 535s outer eases stay 116 TjOGUS SEADGINOLS.. 65 ocics <: cepewecaac¥esenss 116 Oak 4) 1 SRR eee pe AORN een a 114 PU TOL TIS | 50.550k san deaueenboscomia teens 114 TAVEUBUIBNGG disses. cei cxoecch ceseoseces . 116 ET SITT IRENE ceicuis soo ecices snueesves servis 116 BUPMIPORUAL 4.4). 0cs cersveuiiesi seek 114 BOTTI COMB | 3. i casincnse vied seues vaseynk 114 Lueas, F. A.: Mental traits of Fur BOG eo ys ans ans sos ops Shorea panne Letter on Concilium Bibli- ORTHDNICUIN | OUC ..fciass ce cey cor caer xiii ’ Blue fox trapping on ‘he Rg at Kal Git | Roney eee NEM poy Don yt RESP a eae Ee xiv Bifurcation of, fourth rib in MATIN ooo cksy sarap sai che senda occa avout XV Tusks of the mammoth......... xvii Buffalo fish with no mouth Teenie cetmhd ti savide Cias biden nen tiedeeaiese xviii, xix — Mastodon bones at Kimms- WIGK, SISBOUN .cscsls cova ecce ipa ends xix Exhibition of fractured skull OL COLOUR G «os sscse4 chess etrasbedskerekeas xz Lupinus psoraleoides.................... 129 ; truncatus......... bina cweudbieetdkeroeasstee 119 LstEGP DAG os okcssdecas bs coecesad eydatde wave 192 LYCOGAlA .CONICUM. 20... .c3sccceseesecesesesens 173 Lyon, M. W.: On Venezuelan zoolo- fica se bah esis bas cxphovhcschbte ol ovddps hagas g Cie ¢f 3 LYSIULUB....0000eeereeees divonapscdetevrina picss Pe | The Biological Society of Washington. M Page Macroxus neglectus..........cccscsscscereeces 16 Madaroglossa angustifolia................ 118 MN sere ater ac giibcs cotkasasssnesia GWTMIN Fs ci bracts iiiceei Ls ak cea NIFSUA dss ccske Magnolia fraseri BLANGIBOLS Fil scission x "RP RDA IR Aa nai ansis: thcbecuceaysies 177 Malacomeris incanus.............ccccseseeees 121 Malacothrix inOana.........-ccopesccesssrcceas 121 SB BOC IB rides ic ccnces PE ee Se 118 Tio si asNeisscnccakacdeavonsies 118 Mala. f8SGICUIATA,.....:0c00.cccesssvarssdescss 117 Malvastrum fasciculatam.................. 117 Manis pentadactyla........ccccciecececeeeeees 3 Marlatt, C. L.: New nomenclature of broods of periodical Cicada... ix Maxon, W.R.: Bifurcation in flight feather of peacock. ........,..scccses- XV Polypodium hesperium, a new TORI ii sO Si Giasds ahead 199 Mearns. EB. A.: Black rat in Boston 167 On Dipodomys MONTANUS...0.0000 167 On a large lobster..............0++- 168 Meehania Cordata..........ccccccesseveees 5..0- 182 M@IDODTISR: GINO R iiss ascsrccssecrsenanetes’s 178 POU PEL DIN LES iC Pome Oe oy tC aa a 178 Merriam, C. Hart: Fauna and flora of Mt. Shasta contrasted with that of Sierras and Cascades...... xii SIx new rodents............s060.: 9-21 Two new mammals from Cal- TEOT Bee PAs icc ob ncis ic chcainnscce 151-152 New harvest’ mouse from PARIS rosa cacedibes be avaarovereuedenss 152 Merula CAaCOZeCla: stein lectesseeescees 107 Loi) Pane eer ea eeiy gy) ote tse GIP aba amma eee incompta.......... SEASGLTIN.y WRG EUs ape vat PHT NUSCULB i soi 5s 6 ceed oecgits cave doebSecaee OU V WERE i ssccdacs cei ddseaeiin bite seosuvess Merulaxis: anelis: icohainaiiadi. Metallura districta............ smaragdinicollis PV VIAN BING ooo kei iecvsevtciecwoe se Micronycteris behnii...............ccceceeeee 154 PRBCD VOUS osk cei viciieseecasncviabesoesd 154 WICPORIB ess Beek 154 Micropus angustifolius.................00 118 PATE PO oii oxcoades cv cucabevereusess 118 Microseris lin@arifolia.............c.eceeee 121 WRYUOS OY Giikioan io bess icieadentce soe sibs tooves 121 Microcerculus marginatus. ..........000 107 Microtus abbreviatus.................... 13 RL EE EER i EE EGR 11, 13 PEDO UR CP IR goo oct rch dans cece coceveses li, 18 KAMUSCHALICUS <.. 5.52. 2cscccs kee coe ess 11, CATES TOCA Us Fcc sccay svecxassbeneess MOCO YS INUMUITUG ccc oss leccsassee Miller, G. 8S. Jr.: On the naked-tailed PVA Oe ries ccncs cena ease dacceeses 1-8 New vole from eastern Sibe- vy LSND a i aC TS dE Ati speek An ea 11-12 New vole from Hall Island..13-14 New bats from West Indies.33-37 New hare from Labrador.....39-40 New fossil bear from Ohio...53-56 New moose from Alaska...... 57-59 New tree frog from District OL OA aso 0 ica ahans Spisancdasns 5- Dogbanes of District of Co- PED PERS be cake rk oe ke Aa bodes onde Gh odo resents 79- New bats from Curacao....123-127 New rats from Siam......... 187-150 aur: Vespertilio concinnus of H. Al- e eee eee ECCS SCE C ETOP ee eee Index. Pa Micronycteris brachyotis and Ds SAPP OUR se ge ccag he ¥cok ihe take Gita cs sai 154 —— Name of Cuban red bat......... As —— On Vespertilio blythii.............. 155° —— On Scotophilus pachyomus...... 155 we Teena te in South Amer- ie eee eee eee eee ee ee ee eee rrr TODG oo yc e see ee New subgenus for Lepus ida- ROMNME. e i 157 Antennaria solitaria near ee trict: of Columbia... .:.......0..5.c0c0805 Bats from Curacao............ ‘so-160 New gerbille from Turkes- bit: 53 ESQRRER ED Py ry erry rye aT PCIE REE Fee 163-164 —— New mouse deer from Siam SAR eee te athe eee 185-186 —— Mammals from East Indies pasista piece erat cbnoseads tical sei se ee ek 187-198 Millspaugh, C. F.: Plants new ie West VIP iio. ee: 180-182 MOLOSSUS ODSCUTUS: 8 ee 162 CUO i 162 Mormoops pia VNE Sick. 160 imtermed@ia........:...0.cccccccsccee es 160 megalophy lla -.5 025 sce dis 160, 166 Morris, E. L.: Plants referred to Plantago patagonica ds Ualbgsce dow tedetncs XV —— Batrachium hederaceum in AMODICR Scans ee 157-158 Some plants of West Vir- BIN eH eae 171-180 Mus aloxandrinus....56006e Sk 137 NS Cs) NPP ERA oP Sar R AP Pee Pry eyes bry a 145 DOWOLSI isd WE Re ase des 141 Dutan@eMsis ..............cccccceee ee 190 cremoriventer................. 144, 191 GOGUMENUSS.F U5 a 139, 167 FEYTEOCAMNUG..............0.c.ccceceeee 140 Mlavidulds ..............cccc cece eece eee 189 Haviventer.. 2630. eas 191 infraluteus Tie eyecerens cs ceicoy Ohees ee 1438 TOPCO ee 144 TANCAVEMSIG...................ccc ecco 188 MOKVOPIOUNS: ee ee 167 PATMOBUG «60 iin oe odo. esas veeinss 190 PORMGR ela Soe 147 BRIO SS i 149 Bat 2 SR Rea gel ea ER seo ca OE UOT oie aes cack ek tee 1 SUTEIGE Ae a 148, 189 tampelanicusis seek VRMGUB oe ee. 141 Wociferams. ...............c.c..2e 188, 188 WHINCHEAGE 12500 a ase 146 Myadestes cimereus...................64 30 insularis..... DESC EWC EHL EES 5 decd Ow 30 O0CIGSHtANS oo aS: 30 POWHSONOIH Ae eG 31 Myiopatis montensis......... 97 BOM MUsGR sacs. Speer 97 Myiotheretes striaticollis bua oatioahts 96 Myospiza maninrbe. 005. 3s.0csck. cos 103 Myotis “Divina SAN ea ee 155 Csilfornicus. shai eae 124 PAVOUMS tisk ce ee 155 MeCSOPOIUS...............cc ee. 128, 159 TT ORNS iia Fea eacacs wos PR 128, 154 WIPE oo ois. cece euieees 153 Myrmecophaga afra.................cssecceeee 166 GIGAU UY TR. 53. ccieiscsskac tusesercoances a 2 jubata....:::: Seed. veseemtacset estes BEG 73 tamandua 73 - tetradactyla.................. ne DEYTIBPOOR: ais sakes sss syecosasnssecddciesss 72 205 N Page Natalus stramineus..........cccccscccccceecee 16 tumidirostris........................ 160 Nelson, E. W.: The Caribbean seal. xx —_—_— New birds from Mexico....... 25-31 — — Name for eastern fox squir- of SER enc DOSE ES oa Ran ERED ARE VC! OC OE a 169 Nomaciadus ramosissimusS................ 120 Nemoseris califormica..............c000c0066 121 NG OUI BP 1S oi ccs es a ees; 23 NCOPROCROIA...6:.......000scsesaseredetencdan 23 Nuttallornis borealis........... ..0..eccseee 98 oO Ochotona, exhibition of................. ... ix OGHOLONS GAVUTICUS. ...cccccckccecchec 166 Ochthodiaet: .umigatus.................... 95 TH SBOT UNIS e55s osh os cence eke bes 95 PUTS. osc. cece: ihe Re ING Skt Babee 95 LCS a 12 GRNRRR ay ie SHORE ES Ray 95 Ochthoeca poliogastra......... ee Musa AD eat 96 Oenothera bistorta..-..c.... ke 120 OMUODIOIOOBs oi. 03) scceee sles sine scsuskace 120 MOG isiek isos oi ccs tadads tes ote ee 114 Olds, H. W.: Form in songs of birds xvi Onoclea SGRAIDIIS oc 6500s s0n cnc ca 64 Opuntia californica serpeptina Ry i RRL LPS sy COR oasis Sen aces fccnunloven gear tet ccae tae 23 Grotitis OFee ie eee 24 Ornithogalum nutans............p.ccceceeeee 181 Orton, W. A.: Sap-flow of the maple xviii —— Wilt disease of cotton......... xviii OLrvOtercpus Bit i...c.-svsesks saraeechceoeenas 166 Oryzoborus funereus....:<,:..0..¢.s0ce0e50 102 OryZOMYS fulVESCEDS............cccccecossnse 9 gta nbc VUK pots ch acdetelenvumabee eeu 9 Gussea Wiltred Hi: Trip doug Yu- BON RVG cdi ss arian xvii —— Chamea fasciata and sub- BOCCIOS) oc. .sdesscicets coink ones ees ase 41-42 Osmadenia tONella.............c.scecesccevceees 121 Osmunda Cinnamomea............cccceeeeeee 64 VOMW1IS, ocecs capo). ong ccaaderasceasien 638 Pp Pronia californica. iw. watch. 15 Palmer, T. S.: Noxious animals and Binds scene ey eee ec xi On genera of dolphins......... 23-24 On TVatoua and other Eden- tates Palmer, * William: Fauna of Dismal — Swamp i docdntueserdasd sa vcbedgavdens Leek codk aces —— Evolution of a subspecies...... xii Exhibition of abnormal oe Valley Lalocsystean iad ba cave e aA eevee hes XV Ferns of Dismal Swamp...... 61-70 Panicum: barbulatwmiis. kak 175 COMM DEG EIN. Sa CON MAUI: 22555555 ea: BitiquM: 3. eA ae ale. POLVANTHES AUR AAR A ee Parus fasoiatusiaiik iene Paspalum PilOSUM..............ceecesseeceenes Pentacheta aurea.......... Penthorum sedoides Perichaena: flavidasi Aiea 206 Page Perognathus arenicola.................. 158 EE OR RE RE RS So SR 153 Peucedanum eCuryptera......c......ceeeeeee 120 PHACA CANESCEDG............cscsccevescesececees 116 tricopoda.. nf DEEP ORR AEP 116 PHatomyso.x.3..-ntes 14 Pharomachrus antisianus................. 92 GUPIGS DG is. Wis idasceensisnsionss “see, 92 Pu ALLL SERUE BIG HBA OSHUE RUT ER DEE Tete 92 Phyllonycteris bombifrons........... 36 PIANILLONS..............e cece eereees 34 WHE Soi ecddceatisnseapat ane teenine ss 33 sezekorni.. hing at Sebo re eah ccas ek deaake 33 Phyllosticta althaeina.....................6. 181 POI OR PUL DEORE Fos ios inc Wane nce cv os nheneae 182 Physalis intermedia...................0....0. 135 SOPRIEO TES is once cus sade ahgsancnansnstbosas 135 IPRs i sabaos cveviaaadinsenian sean neces 134 FAULT UA 2 OIG ao es ohacs eis ace chess asa ens 172 PHYSOCEL MIGLODS si ces ssyseasssccotenaecensosees 24 Pickéringia mMontana................ccseeee 116 Picolaptes lacryMiger .............-ss0+++ 100 PiHUS: BUCSU UNGAR cis pevsccsecasccnsctassess ress xiv Pine: BiDisa la. oie c i eomsssseecnessesess 27: intermedius .......................65 27 SIIEBOIBMGUR. css ota: ke crsiessanceontaten 27 SP IDIEDIA MORO HO. | cos aap ences secaana snees 98 Piranga faceta............. Re aes stats Sateen 104 PPTUR VLG UMIOSGs 5. Scuscbse diner sie costspenesecs: 119 Plantazo aristataiie 255k. cess .scssesessene 179 Patagoniey.<..5ci53.cs.ccc... Day ee xv Platycichla carbonaria...... roe ss loess 108 Platyrhynchus albogularis............... , 96 Podostemon cerutophyllum.............. 177 Poecilothraupis melanogeDys.......... 104 Pogonatum Drevicaule. ..........-.c.seeeees 173 Polioptila restricta. ...............:.eseeeseeee 25 Pollard, C. L.: Kxhibition of photo- graphs of buildings of New York, Botanical Gardens...........-..eeeeeees ix —— Species characters among ME TESEO GS oon oe) iodo ca cadeccexcatnentew teen es xii Eight new plants........-.:.... 129-132 New southern violet.............. 169 New. Plelianthus icin ccicie cs sostes 184 Pollard, C. L. and C. R. Ball: New or noteworthy Louisiana plants. 183-135 Newname for Baptisia texana es Poly carpon GepressumM.......--.--.+eseeees 11 Polygonum CristatumM..............sceeceeeee 176 PolypodiuM ACUtUM............-.cceseeteeees 174 BINOTICAMUM 2 0 -s ins ecdec pi tee odes 199 PDISGPVAUTIUE i ssi isn ss aes 174 TRI ODANITE Bisse iics, we eho naustsceens 174, 199 glycyrrhiza...... big Komeey visas aba Te Huson 199 hespPeriuM. .............c ees 200 GCCIOON CAG 55a esse nec reesaeieses 199 oreophilum...............-.00ee 174 POlypodioides. 2.0.0.5... ccseeacecsese 69 +i PCH ATAGA UD ETON 9 dis cx bods Asiy ccgdibve stl sass 200 GUAPO hese i i esta EVs Se eee sak 199 Pélystichum acrostichoides....... Be od: 64 Potamogeton pectinatus...... J spcahtess is 175 Poettilla-POOte . cisciicass. ies coaadiepedsy sess 181 Preble, E. A.: New lemming mouse from New Hampshire............... 438- Premnoplex brunnesScCeDs..............00+ 100 . Procyon hernandeZi...........:..ccscsseveees 152 Pe URW o.oo sen cs vsvesennosen tn cvape' 151 WEOLD ics scccc ts eiendcenvcsenubeb enue repens 152 Prunella seaberrima..................... 134 Psilocarphus globiferus.................64 118 TAG IAL ise 35. cessenscertacteass enasdaaws 118 Poittaculs DOM B.cvsc. cases sseescrcsrandevaase 25 Peri g: AVN as hiss bbe sesricravenptaernvs 69 Piorysioses 1AstOpterns Pprpet Sree pp 156 | SP GIPAAND oc fish sis snecuhsschesatassenrars 156 Ptilomeris anthemoides abhsyebcnweeeabaens 121 aris 121 Sidalcea californica The Biological Society of Washington. Page Ptilomeris coronaria mS 121 MUR UATSIOEN «sic Wes pine cabakaviin esc Ads ataeesen 121 Pygmornis aittinnlacth Meh eh bas sce pakashnins 93 Q KPO CTCOUS BEDE oo cies Aivvivehcasegevovsesscacesss cee 175 MEIER, irs Fewrck as Beas TAN Calvo betaine caveedaes 175 R Rafinesquia californica..................... 121 Ranunculus hyperboreus.................. 157 ee TEES | TT ee Bi te ean Se eer 158 Ratufa melanopepla...... Ri acdexiinatina viens 191 Rehn, James A. G.: Correction rel- ative to the Tarsier..............0c.000 166 Older name for Aard vark..... 166 —— Older name for Ogotona........ 166 —— Proper name for Viscacha.,... 166 Older name for Norway rat... 167 Reithrodontomys chrysopsis........ 152 Rhatminitis: californica. ....:-iiscsssccascce 114 GPO GOR as ec sac sik bs ee Aetaensdoceebeceen’ 114 TRU PIO PUR oy each dass oss deen ns 114 Rhamphomicron BOPEGIO Hassan: 94 Rhus integrifolia............... si bie cain 183 TROOVACIRD US 26. 5 cdccnadeencssasweasanens’ 169 PUTT EA Sakic cid danbssrieecacsn aie cvenecub ad 170 WAGE AN he ocak ace sasecocs ecdepasbacnes’ 170 Sclerurus canigularis.............cccccceeeee 99 NOLO RTT CAELES A voke) naan ete Stns Sasbs rap vase 99 Scotophilus pachyomue................0665 155 SOY CALODUN: GRAIG 0.5... 56s cenccczecccoasees 101 SRGEINT UNO Mii aby ie Se ius «wo capes erccesannss 101 INIOPOBGCTUB ss ap scdaresiv curses ceessiecce ~ 102 YL OCB ORIRG seep ayeoss hares becticksrCrecesseas 101 Seaman, W. H.: Bifurcation of the TOUTED TAD: TH TABU ss nes cose scesvncaapees XV The Great Dismal Swamp..... x AN EINED s CCLUR 1G ck faacae ss sacsccedpPaaveevieed onan 119 SOMIPUS MOEA DEL IGs dev cragest ssS svedivstoceseses 105 NOVEDOTACENSIS . ........0.0scsenseececes 105 SOIACINGSLIR. BOUGsccopchseses soornspsatdenreeess> Semnopithecus obscurus Senecio californicus............cssc0ceesceses GOPOUODUSG. ..bssiavscccsta cs casskcakieesses Sericocarpus linifolius,.............:0.000 Serpophaga Priseas..........1...c..ceeseevseeee BUGS. COUTORTIGA i iccssecastissencstigvevnsonves | delphinifolia COLD HIT ALOIS 5s sckssssavecesyronezapsteese Silene virginica : Index. 207 Page Page Siptornis antisiensis..............ceseeeees 99 Tragulus camescenms....................... 185 wyatti....... 99 javanicus 192 Smith, Erwin F.: Effect of acid me- AGAVE ns ca0005is cknwiea thaceeye ee roe aaie cineea 185 dia on growth of certain plant WRURR WANG ideo soec oescsatdcocesoudnce 191 PULTOSTUGS ooo ccc cocsesacneticnessessestiarenscee x Trifolium aciculare...............:ssssees 116 Biological characteristics as 1) of AY 01 RBABR Map Ree lar: ed teen Ar perth eS 180 means of species differentiation xi MAIUS....<665 40 116 Sugar beets in New York polyphyllum SB die daa cicucadsneinecighdes 116 ONG MiGhiISAw .. 55055 isc se concede codeswnes xix bog EF eee rs ae whee MER een nae Si yeamls 116 Solanum carolinense..............cc000: ED E Troglodytes brunneicollis Wstecksn make 106 Solidago californica..............cccceeceeces 118 BURORRGN CO EG. occiccescvkssecexncuas+sanees 106 WAGMOME=.. 5.300. vkeenus noe 132 PUEOCTUGS UNS osc cs scasciveacsenccenscashss 106 NC PICCHA. 66. oi cove cess sei ass crsdacvictintes 182 TYOLOD NETSON AGUS». xii Hybridization in eee of cultivated plants Compound leaves of “Sein sis tricuspidata Necessity for new term for varieties of cultivated plants..... xiv Bifurcation in trunk of Sa- DURE SHUTIIRBD IAD.» sh sapessncansksAncansnesperaceonas XV Exhibition of aerating roots GL VT TOUS UIA so pcens ocsa ase ncstesstns xvi Exhibition of photograph of tropical PAPAW.............ccerecereeeees xvi Migration of vegetative nu- cleusin the pollen tube of Zamia xvii Chemica] and biological prop- erties of protoplasm.................. xviii ——— Oncotton hybrids................. xviii White, David: Geology and seen raphy of Dismal Swampp............. a Renee ee tee e ween een nearness Spot disease of carnations... xiii Chemical and biological prop- erties of protoplasm.................. xviii Woodwardia areolata..............cccceeeeee 69 WARE IOD 5, 55 cde coded Cade kaswekvniiene hs 68 Worcester, DeanC.: Birds and mam- mals of Philippines............c..00000. xvii X SCRAPE sya so deve bei Tddvesks anne na asWidsivesese vel ' Xenurus GYMMNUuG..............65 ba ieetenance 4 MAISHIGNUG sic 5.seb5es spines Cr ttae ceeds 4 BRING BEI G ioc sesass ss icccdovesiplawesscess 6 KXVIOOOCCUS DICO OTs ....06s5 cssecee. cre essee. 115 Xylothermia mMontana.............cccceees 116 Z Ziphila lUGUVTIS..............seseeesseeeeetseee 6 Zygodesmus tiliaCeus............ccccceeseeee 180 - SP ried. tle eee ee Ie en ee eee ae Oe ae wd -4 a ae y LSNI NVINOSHLIWS S3JIYVYUSIT LIBRAR! ES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT a a . z . w a 0 = 0 aa — ~ a > i > 2 = 2 : 2 m - mi n° m1 w < w = wn IES SMITHSONIAN. INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS eddie ” w” a) = ‘ = i = — X a ae “4 WW Oo a LAYS OO ee fe) \ z SS z e z. > : > = > z “<7 Zz 77) = LSNI_ NVINOSHLINS S3ZIYVYGIT LIBRARIES een INSTITUT NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI * A SS . IN. NOILNLILSNI IES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS SA3ILYVY S3INVUGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION INSTITUTION INSTITUTION ISN] NWINOSHLINS S3I1YVYEIT Rie RON TES SMITHSONIAN NS TTS NVINOSHLINS S31YVvuydl LIBRARIES oe. SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS SiGe SMITHSONIAN -1ES SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI gs Aid Nahi a Saluva a. 2 oc ec ae oc <3; = < sot < oc ber a c o Pee} _ 0 a co cas oO ~ oO wa ae - od z mies ISNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT fa z Ee z - ; a =) A > a, id Vs a raf a W? ¥ o z ah Zz 2 IES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLIWS saiuva : 1SNI__NVINOSHLIWS bee NVINOSHLINS NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS a Saiuvugin LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUT Vin, RIES SMITHSONIAN 29 NG > at SLAW), pj @ LLSNI Z etry, RN n” ie RIES LLSNI ay: ATW: 2 SMITHSONIAN pee NVINOSHLIWS S3IYVYSIT LIBRARIES Lj LNLILSNI We SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S32 INSTITUTION N¢ INSTITUTION NC S3iu¥vugit $3 RARIES NY \ vs ee NVINOSHLIWS NVINOSHLINS S31y¥VuYUsiIT LI NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS ~~ saiuvyai LIBRARIES ubbieskeb lon INSTI LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSNI NOILNLILSNI (LIBRARIES RARIES SMITHSONIAN_ INSTITUTION NOI INSTITUTION ALILSNI NVING Pe _— ac Oo Ww is = = op) RARIES SMITH ERR: ul A Cs ) $ > € 20 Z mm Nein ~ a RARIES SMITH oS Ro vA 4 y, <1SON; S 44) S NVINOSHLIWS -ALILSNI NVING — VLILSNI ul 0 mci F iH |