\

THE UNIVERSITY
OF ILLINOIS
LIBRARY ^

658.06'
. IL

V.55-54
Cop 5

MiRICIILTBK

'<«

/^

STATE OF ILLINOIS
HENRY HORNER, Governor

THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS

OF THE

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS*
ASSOCIATION

1933-1934 ^
FORTY-FOURTH YEAR OF ASSOCIATION

Orsanized February 26, 1891, at
Sprinsfield, Illinois

Compiled by

E. F. PETERSON

1325 Pine St.,

Kewanee, Illinois

THE tiS^.i.:;! Gf THE

f t ^ '.

jut

r^ ''n'^C

[Printed by authority of the State of Illinois.]

(48117)

A^

e

-5?.^ e

'T

—

v

3-5-:3/

■■^

; 4- .

/

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. J

" . Office of the Secretary,

Kewanee, Illinois, December 31, 193J/-.
To His Excellency, Henry Horner, Governor of the State of Illinois: ■
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the Thirty-third and
Thirty-fourth Annual Reports for the forty-third and forty-fourth years
of the Illinois State Beekeepers^ Association.

E. F. Petersox, Secretary.

W Is: ; ..ii CF THE

JUL .o-;335'

.^

\M^L?,z:r: or i" ^"-■- ^

-•.'-,. I

. 9028 ! 4

^

A^^^

THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH
ANNUAL REPORTS

^ FOR THE FORTY-THIRD AND FORTY-FOURTH YEARS

OF THE

inois State Beekeepers^ Association

OFFICERS OF ILUNOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION FOR 1933.

C. A. Mackelden
EDWiiSr Peterson
Louie Vannis \
EoY Annear
BenjJ H. Fischer
A. Gr. Gill
Elmer Kommer

Jerseyville.

Kewanee.

Harrisburg,

Mulkeytown.

Eoanoke.

Chicago.

Woodhull.

E. J. McCORMICK - - - - -

.• . -6810 S. Winchester Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

President
Vice-President
Vice-President
Vice-President
Vice-President
Vice-President
Treasurer
Secretary

OFFICERS OF ILUNOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION FOR 1934.

C. A. Mackelden

Jerseyville.

President

H. W. Jones .

\ Gary.

Vice-President

C. L. DuAX

Chicago.

Vice-President

W. S. LOHNES -

Pekin.

Vice-President

A. G. Gill

.Chicago."

Vice-President

EoY Annear _ - \

Mulkeytown.

Vice-President

Elmer Kommer

Woodhull. ,

-. Treasurer

Edwin Peterson

_ - - -

- Secretary

1325 Pine St., Kewanee.

i

OFFICERS OF ILUNOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION FOR 1935.

V. G. MiLUM

Champaign.

President

W. S. LOHNES

Pekin.

Vice-President

Adam Bodekschatz

Lemont.

Vice-President

TT. W. Jones

Gary.

Vice-President

A. G. Gill

Chicago.

Vice-President

Egbert Gober

Oregon. ,.,

Vice-President

Wesley W. Osborn

J-
Hillsboro.

Treasurer

Edwin F. Peterson

1325 Pine St., Kewanee.

Secretary

V

Bpi«p^.:- .

MINUTES OF THE FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION

OF THE ILUNOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION,

SPRINGHELD, ILLINOIS, NOVEMBER 15-16, 1933.

The^ forty-third annual convention of the Illinois State Beekeepers'
Association held in the parlors of the St. Mcholas Hotel, Springfield,
Illinois, was called to order by the President, Mr: C. A. Mackelden, of
Jerseyville.

Edward Heldt was chosen by the Executive committee to act as
secretary during the meeting, on account of the sickness and absence
of the Secretary, E. J. McCormick. The minutes of the last meeting
were read and on motion of Mr. Tyler and Mrs. Kildow, were approved
as read.

. Mr. C. A. Mackelden, The President, then made the following C0131-
mittee appointments:

1. Auditing-<-Wesley Osborne, Eoss Morrill.

2. Eesolutions — J. H. McCIure, W. L. Eitter.

3. Banquet — Mr. Force, Bob Mathews. :

4. Executive —

The financial reports of the Treasurer and Secretary were read by
Elmer Komm'er and Acting Secretary Edward Heldt respectively and
referred to the Auditing Committee, who at the final business session
on Not ember 16 reported them correct, and on motion of Mr. Osborne
seconded by Mr. Heldt, the reports were unanimously accepted. These
reports showed total receipts of $362.53 and total expenditures of
$242.59, leaving a balance on hand for the year beginning November
17, 1932, and ending November 16, 1933 of $119.94 minus a federal
check tax on nine checks of 18 cents, leaving a total of $119.76 with
an unpaid bill of $100 to the Secretary Mr. E. J. McCormick as salary
for six months.

The President then gave an interesting talk on the efforts put
forth- by the executive committee in getting our reduced appropriation
through the General Assembly. We take this opportunity to express
our thanks to', Mr. Jackson and Mr. Wilson of the Assembly and the
Executive Committee for their effective efforts in the Association's be-
half.[ .

The Treasurer, Mr. Kommer, then explained to the members of
the association how its mone}'' was spent and the present disposition
of the association's balance. '

Postal money order, checks and cash $ 92.56

Funds tied up in Farmers National Bank 27.20

Total $119.76

The morning session of November 14 was adjourned at 12 :20 p. m.,
and was called to order for the afternoon session at 1:30 with the
President, Mr. Mackelden, Presiding.

10 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

A discussion followed on the rules and regulations of honey, and
on a motion by Mr. Briee, seconded by Mr. Harry Bryant, the Presi-
dent appointed the following committee : Mr. Bell, Mr. Smith and Mr.
Mathews, to get a ruling from the right authority of the State and
reportat to the Secretary to print it in the next report.

The next topic under discussion was the placing of honey in the
World's Fair next year. Three ways were brought out :

1. Buy a concession, e. g. Straub Laboratories (right to sell
honey.)

■ 2. As a Scientific display, e, g. display by A. I. Eoot Co.

3. As a Hall of States product, e. g. Florida.

Three association members of Chicago, Mr. Duax, Mr. Gill and
Mr. Woolridge, were appointed as a committee to get honey in the Chi-
cago World's Fair. Laurence Peterson of Kewanee, Adam Boden-
schatz of Lamont, and Hoyt Taylor of Pleasant Plains- were named as
a committee to make recommendations for exhibits at the State Fair
for next year.

Three ex-secretaries Mr. G. H. Cale, Mr. M. G. Dadant, and Mr.
Y. G. Milum were called upon.

Mr. G. H. Cale gave a very interesting talk on Mass Production .
of Honey, covering the cost of production, short cuts in production,
package bees versus wintered bees, central plant and out apiaries, and
the use of chemicals in beekeeping.

A telegram from Mr. Jackson announced his inabilitv to attend
the convention.

Mr. M. G. Dadant gave us an entertaining and instructive view of
the highlights of beekeeping from the past to the present.

Mr. Milum briefly extolled the virtues of the American Honey
Institute, showing that like all other businesses, advertising and re-
search are essential fundamentals to the success; of that business. Mr.
C. L. Duax made an interesting talk on Advertising and we hope to
have it listed in the report for the year.

The Chief Inspector, A. L. Kildow, then gave his report, which
was duly accepted by the association.

Dr. Stewart, member of the House, also gave a brief talk in which
he promised full co-operation with the association in its needs.

The meeting was then adjourned until 9 :00 o'clock Thursday
morning. The annual banquet of the association was held in the hotel
parlors at 6 :30 p. m., November 15, with eighty in attendance, and
Mr. Edwin Peterson as Toastmaster. Mr. M. G. Dadant, Mr. C. L.
Duax, Senator Cross, Mr. McLaughlin, Mr. G. H. Cale, Mr. Lloyd, Mr.
Milum, Mr. Kenneth Hawkins and Miss Brooks responded with brief
addresses when presented by the toastmaster. After the banquet Mr.
Duax gave an excellent number of imitations and Miss Brooks gave an
interesting evening in a review of Green Pastures.

President C. A. Mackelden called the last meeting to order on
November 16 at 9 :30 a. m. The Auditing Committee made its report.
This w^as followed by the reading of the resolutions as drawn up by
the Rosolutions Committee. A report of the resolutions are attached,

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION".

11

which were passed as read. J. K. Woolridge was made an honorary
member. ' ^

Mr. Kommer made a motion, duly seconded, that the Secretary's
salary be reduced to $100 for the next year. In the discussion Mr.
Osborne made an amendment to the motion that the salary be lowered
to $150 per year. This amendment was seconded and passed. The
amended motion was then passed. The election of ofl&cers was then
held: i

President — G. A. Maekelden, Jerseyrille.

Vice-President — A..G. Gill, Chicago. •

Second Vice-President — W. S. Lohnes, Pekin.

Third Vice-President — Eoy Annear, Mulkeytown.

Fourth Vice-President — H. W. Jones, Gary.

Fifth Vice-President — G. L. Duax, Ghicago.

Treasurer — Elmer Kommer.

Secretary — Edwin Peterson.

Mrs. Duax, Mrs. Simmer of Chicago and Mrs. King of Springfield
were appointed by the President to make recommendations concerning
the exhibit of honey cooking in the culinary department of the State
Fair.

A question was raised by A. L. Kildow as to how long an amateur
stayed an amateiy:". After discussion, the question was referred to the
Fair Committee headed by Mr. Peterson with power to act.

The meeting was adjourned at 12:45 p. m., November 16, 1933.

r/'

13 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

RESOLUTIONS APPROVED AND ADOPTED AT THE

FORTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION HELD

NOVEMBER 15-16, 1933.

Be It Resolved, That the Illinois State Beekeepers' Association in
its forty-third annual conve.ntion assembled at Springfield, Illinois, on
November 15th and 16th, 1933, hereby adopt the following resolutions —
Be it further resolved That a copy of same be spread upon the minutes
and copies sent to various parties coneerned-*-

1. Be it resolved That a vote of thanks be extended to the State
Agricultural Department, especially that State Fair Division, and to all
individuals contributing to the success of the exhibit at the State Fair.

2. Be it resolved That a vote of thanks be extended to the man-
: agement of the St. Nicholas Hotel for continued courtesies toward our

association. .

3. Be it resolved That a very sincere vote of thanks be extended
to the executive committee, individuals, and legislators who sacrificed
•time, effort and their own personal money to obtain our 'appropriations.

4. Be it resolved That we recognize our loss in those members
who have taken their departures since our last meeting, and extend
our sincere sympathies toward their families, also extend our sympathies
to the members -who have left sickness and distress in their homes' to
serve our association in any way at this convention.

5. Be it resolved That the association hereby express its apprecia-
tion of Mr. and Mrs. Kildow for their many services as chief inspector
and many other services toward the association.

, _ 6. Be it further resolved. That a copy of these resolutions be
placed before Governor Hon. Henry Horner thanking him for all favors
toward. the association.

\ 77'y.Se it finally resolved That a vote of thanks be extended to
all giving; services, money, honey, or time to the interest of Ainerican
Honey Institute. ' J

(These resolutions read at business meeting November 16, 1933,
by Mr. McClure, who moved their adoption, which motion was carried.)

Signed J. H. McClure,

W. L. KiTTER, '^

Resolutions Qommittee.

k

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION.

13

REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR 1933*

WooDHULL, Illinois, NoveTnber 15, 1933.
To the Illinois State Beekeepers' Association — Greetings:

I have the honor of making my eighth annual report as Treasurer of the
Illinois State Beekeepers' Association, subject to your approval:

Receipts.
No. . . ■ - ■

(1) Dec. 1, 1932— Rec'iS?) from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues $32.00

(2) Feb. 3, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 12.00

(3) Mar. 8, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 11.00

(4) Apr. 4, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 23.50

(5) May 10, 1933— Rec'd. from E, J. McCormick, Secy. Dues . 18.75

(6) July 8, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 21.50

(7) July 28, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 10.00

(8) Sept. 2, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 13.50

(9) Sept. 26, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 20.50

(10) Oct. 23, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues..... 17.00

(11) Nov. 9, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues 12.50

(12) Nov. 13, 1933— Rec'd. from E. J. McCormick, Secy. Dues .. .^ . 28.00

Total dues for year ...:-. .C $220.25

Balance from last convention .'. 142.28

Grand total $362.53

Expenditures.
Voucher
No. •

(1) V. G. Mllum — Expenses to annual convention, etc. (Dec. 28,

1933) $23.14

(2)' Dec. 3, 1932 — Expenses to annual convention, C. A. Mackel-

den 11.50

(3) Dec. 3,1932 — Expenses to annual convention, Elmer Kommer 18.89

(4) Dec, 13, 1932^Express on supplies to E. J. McCormick ... 5.47

(5) Feb. 8, 1933— -Stamps and express — E. J. McCormick 50.00

(6) Mar. 25, 1933 — Expense of Executive Committee on Mar. 15. . 50.00

(7) June 1, 1933— Salary of Sec'y. E. J. McCormick 50.00

(8) June 1, 1933— Expense to Springfield, C. A. Mackelden 6.70

(9) June 3, 1933 — Expense to Springfield, Elmei'-'Kommer -, 16.76

.(10) Aug. 8, 1933— Salary of Sec'y. E. J. McCormick .x 50.00

Tax on nine (9) checks at bank. ^ , , .18

Total expenditure $242.77

• ; Recapitulation.

Receipts during year and last balance .T^v^^^^ $362.53

Total expenditures on vouchers 1 to 10. ....... . .TTTT. 242.77

Balance on hand $119^76

14 THIKTY-THIED AND THIETY-FOUKTH ANNUAL EEPORTS OF THE

MR. ELMER KOMMER, WOODHULL-, ILLINOIS.

Treasurer of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association.
(1926-1934)

-/

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS^ ASSOCIATION. rho

• I have the funds in my possession as follows:

Funds tied up in Farmers' National Bank, Cambridge $27.20

Postal money orders, checks and cash 92.56

Total $119.76

By my report you will see that we have some more funds tied up in
another bank that has gone into the hand^s of the receivers.

If our funds deposited in same bank cannot be placed in the pre-
ferred class, then our total to do business with will have to start with
$92. 5G as per my cash and postoffice orders on hand today.

Our receipts during the year have fallen off, as we have actually
taken in $310.50 as compared with $266.78 last year for. dues: we will
have to_..either get busy and increase our membership or cut down on
expenses if we are going to exist as an association.

The Executive Committee expenses have been a little larger this"
year than usual, due to the necessity of the Executive Committee being
compelled to come to Springfield to explain the necessity of the appro-
priation for the State Association in order to-be able to issue our. annual
-report, as well as receive funds to hold our ann.ual convention. Had not.
these trips been made, I feel like we would have been without any report
this year, and possibly not being, able to have held this convention,
while we did not get the usual $2,400.00 appropriation, yet we did re-
ceive $1,500.00 and which was better than losing it entirely. What we
must do is to try to get our appropriation back to our former figure so
we can get our report issued annually.

Elmer Kommer,
: \ Treasurer of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association.

VTe, the Auditing Committee, have examined these records and find
them to be correct.

(Signed) Wesley W. Osborne,
Eoss E. Morrill,

Auditing Committee.

16 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

(Theatrical Studio).

MR. B. J. Mccormick.

Secretary of the Illinois Beekeepers' Association for 1933,
6810 S. Winchester Ave., Chicago, 111.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

17

1]

FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR PERIOD

BEGINNING NOVEMBER 17, 1932 AND ENDING

NOVEMBER 15, 1933.

i

Receipts.

Balance in treasury at last convention, November 17, 1932 $142.28

Received by Secretary and transmitted to Treasurer or received by Treas-
urer direct according to the following Membership Dues Receipt Numbers:

Receipt
number.

Date

received by

treasurer.

9

Description.

Amount

received by

secretary.

Remitted
for Bee
Journal.

Remitted

to
treasurer.

No. 1

Dec. 21

McLean County Assn

$ 3.00

4.00

7.00

1.00

.50

.50

16.00

$2.40

Feb. 5

Henry County Assn

Warren County Assn

McHenry County Assn

Morgan-Scott County Assn

Cook-DuPage County Assn

Members at large . . .

.^

Cook-DuPage County Assn

Morgan-Seott County Assn.....

Champaign County Assn

Stark County Assn

No. 2 .-

$32.00
2.50
1.00
1.50
2.50
1.50
3.00

$2.40

$32.00

Mar. 9

,

JoDaviess County Assn

Members at large

Cook-DuPage County Assn

Piatt Countv Assn

No. 3--

$12.00

4.50

3.00

.50

.50

.50

1.00

1.00

$1.00

12.00

Apr. 6

Will County Assn

*^

Ogle-Lee County Assn

Champaign County Assn

McLean County Assn

Members at large

Cook-DuPage County Assn

McHenry-Lake County Assn...

DeKalb-Kane County Assn

St . Clair County Assn

No. 4

$11.00
4.00
3.00
3.50
8.50
4.50

$1.00

11.00

May 12

Peoria County Assn

St. Clair Countv Assn

No. 5 .

$23.50
4.50

3.50
.50
.50

9.75

23.50

July 10

Saline and Gallatin County
Assn - ._

J

Cook-DuPage County Assn

Champaign County Assn .-

R eturning postage money loaned
from Association funds,
voucher No. 5 . ...

18.75

Jackson County Assn

No. 6

$ 1.00

1.50

.50

10.50

.50
7.50

$0.50

1

Lake County Assn

Peoria County Assn

Rock Island County Assff:-.---
Saline and Gallatin County
Assn.- J..

..-y

TazewfiU County Assn U\

„ $21.50

$0.50

21.50

— 2 B R

18 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REi'OBJS .OF THE

Receipt
number.

Date

received by

treasurer.

X

Description.

Amount

received by

secretary.

Remitted
forBee
Journal. ^

Remitted

to
treasurer.

No. 7

July 29

Cook-DuPage County Assn

Saline and Gallatin County
Assn.- '..

S5.00

3.00
V 2.00

,

Sept. 5- --.

Members at large

Cook-DuPage County Assn

St. Clair County Assn

No. S

$io;oo

8.00

3.00

2.00

.50

'-

$10.00

Sept. 26- -...-..-

DeKalb-Kaiie County Assn

Jersey County Assn

Cook-DuPage County Assn

Jersey County Assn

No. 9 -

$13.50
2.50

, 1.50
3.50
5.00
1.00
7.00

13.50

Oct. 24-. -

Woodford Coimty Assn .-

Henry County Assn

Champaign County Assn --

Tri-County .A.ssn . - --

Kook-DuPage County Assn

Winnebago County Assn

Shelby County -\ssn-. 1

No. 10

$20.50

> .50

10.00

3.50

1.00

2.00

-

20.50

Nov. 9 -

Henry County Assn

.

Members' at large .

No. Ij

Cook-DuPage County Assn--.-

JoDaviess County Assn

DeKalb-Kane County Assn- - -_
Henry County Assn

$17.00

.50

-[ 2.50

i 1.00

6.50

, 2.00

17.00

Nov. 11

Members at large -- .

Montgomery County Assn

Rock Island County Assn

Will County Assn

No. 12

$12.50

7.00

16.00

5.00

12.50

'

$28.00

28.00

$220.25

$3.90

$220.25

Total received by Secretary

Remitted by Secretary for Bee Journals.

$224.15
3.90

Total remitted to Treasurer $220.25

Balance on hand November 15, 1932 142.28

Total receipts for year ending November 16, 1933 '. $362.53

Expenditures. • ^

From November 17, 1932 to November 15, 1933 by vouchers as follows:
No. 1 — November 28, 1932 — V. G. Milum, expenses for 1932 annual

convention and banquet ticket • $23.14

No. . 2 — December 3, 1932 — C. A. Mackelden, expenses to 1932 annual

convention 11.50

No. 3 — November 18, 1932 — Elmer Kommer, expenses to 1932 annual

convention • ^ 18.89

No. 4 — December 13, 1932 — E. J. McCormick, express payment on as-

, sociation equipment shipped to new secretary 5.47

No. 5 — February 8, 1933 — E. J. McCormick, money borrowed for as-
sociation postage and express 10.13

No. 6 — Executive Committee meeting held in Springfield, March
15, 1933:

C. A. Mackelden $12.00

E. J. McCormick • 18.00

i Elmer Kommer ,■♦ 20.00

' ■ 50.00

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION.

19

No. 7 — June 1, 1933 — E. J. McCormick, three months salary 50.00

No. 8 — July 12, 1933 — C. A. Mackelden, expenses to Springfield rela- ,

tive to appropriation T. 6.70

No. 9 — September 11, 1933 — Elmer Kommer, expenses to Springfield

relative to appropriation 16.76

No. 10— August 11, 1933 — E. J. McCormick, three months salary 50.00

Total expenditures ■^. $242.59

Recapitulatiox. '

Total receipts, November 17, 1932 to November 15, 1933 $362.53

Total expenditures, November 17, 1932 to November 15, 1933 242.59

Balance on hand November 15, 1933 ' '. $119.94

Tax on nine checks at 2 cents .18

$119.76
Total bills unpaid:
E. J. McCormick, six months salary $100.00

We, the Auditing Committee, have examined these records and find
them correct. . ■ ,

Wesley W. Osborne,
Eoss E. Morrill,

Auditing CommiUee.

1933— registered ATTENDANCE! AT THE 'FORTY-THIRD CONVENTION, SPRING-

- FIELD, ILLINOIS.

'■J\

Name.

Lawrence Peterson

Archie V.Utt ---.

A.G.Gill

Mrs. Hoyt Raylor

Mrs. Irene Duax

Maude Mackelden

M. G. Dadant

W. W. Koritz

Mrs. Helen Lohnes- . .

Mrs. S.A.Tyler

Mrs. B.F.Bell

Laurence W. Fisher...

Helen Rea

Walter Scott Lohnes. .
Mrs. W. S. Lohnes...

C. J. Anderson

Elmer Kommer

Ed. Heldt.-..

C. A. Mackelden

Hoyt Taylor

Albert Davis

W. T. MofFett

B. L. Maricle

W.H. Force.

C. P. Jankowski

J. H. McClure

Joe Burdzilauskas

Joe Burdzila^iskas, Sr

Mike Zarasky

H. J.Bryan

Adam Bodenschatz...

S. W. Travis

Wm. Osborn.

Robert LaRosh. ^ . . . .
Olive D. Prives.— ■-.

Howard Osborn. J^

Wesley W. Osborn....

Address.

Kewanee .

Oak Lawn

Chicago..

Pleasant Plains.

Chicago

Jerseyville

Hamilton

Buckley

Pekin

San Jose

Kingston Mines .

Woodsen

Murray ville

Pekin

Pekin

Morris

Woodhull.......

Bloomington

Jerseyville

Pleasant Plains.

Kewanee

Athens

Brighton

Champaign..,..

Gurnee.

Manchester

Pana.._

Pana..

Springfield.

Normal

Lemont

Litchfield.

Morris..! :...

Pekin

Pekin.,

Butter.

Hillsboro

County.

Henry

Cook .-

Cook.

Sangamon

Cook

Jersey..-.

Hancock

Iroquois

Tazewell

Logan

Peoria, ...

Morgan-Scott-

Tazewell

Tazewell

Grundy

Henry

McLean

Jersey

Sangamon

Henry

Menard

Macoupin

Champaign..

Lake.

Morgan

Christian

Christian

Sangamon

McLean

Cook

Montgomery.

Grundy

Tazewell

Tazewell

Montgamery,
Montgomery.

Number

of
colonies.

250

30

1

400

25

1

160

75
125

20

70

8

50
62

60
11

180
18
50
6
29
1
10

Comb

or

extracted.

Both.
Both.

Extracted.
Comb.

Comb.

Comb.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Comb.

Both.

Both.

Extracted.

Extracted.

Both.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Comb.

Extracted.

Extracted.

\;

20

THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE,

Name.

Address.

•

County.

Number

of
colonies.

Comb

or

extracted.

CarlBendor.

Forrest -

Livingston

Ford -.

160

Both.

Lester Edwards

Piper City -

Comb.

Ralph Annear -.

Mulkeytown

Franklin.

Cook

50
200

Both.

J. R. Wooldridge

Chicago .

Both.

Rose R. Morrill

Geneva

Kane

Both.

W. L. Ritter -..

Hampshire ..

Kane

Both.

Miss Ann Krier . .

DesPlaines

Cook

John Skinner -

Albion -

Edwards

Woodford

Logan

Champaign

26

74

200

Comb.

Raymond H. Rocke «

Morton..

Both.

S.A.Tyler -

San Jose .

Both.

V, Miliim _-

Champaign ..

Both.

B.F.Bell

Kingston Mines .

Peoria

Sangamon

Henry ..

10

Both.

Harry L. King...

Springfield

Extracted.

E. F. Peterson

Kewanee ..

W.H. Stumm

Edinburg . -. ..

Christian

Cook

Cook

35
400

Both.

C. L. Duax ..:.

Chicago

Both.

Mrs. C. L. Duax

Chicago

Orville Smith

Greenville

Bond.....

Both.

S. A. Tyler

San Jose..;.

Logan

BirgilE. Rocke

Eureka .^ :

Woodford _.

J. H. Kontz ...

Buckley <

Iroquois

Franklin

Woodford

80
50

Both.

Roy Annear -- -.

Mulkeytown

Both.

Lawrence Rocke .

R oanoke .

O.R.Matthew

Virginia.- . -- .. .

Cass

200

Both.

--,, -r -'^^g

ILLINOIS STATE beekeepers' ASSOCIATION. 31

MINUTES OF THE FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONVENTION

OF THE ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION

HELD IN SPRINGHELD, ILLINOIS.

NOVEM^pi 1-2, 1934.

The Forty-fourth Convention of the Illinois State Beekeepers' Asso-
ciation held in the parlors of the St. Nicholas Hotel, Springfield,
Illinois, was called to order by the President, Mr. C. A. Mackelden, of
Jerseyville. ,

The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary, Mr.
E. F. Peterson, and were approved as read. Motion by Mr. W. Osborne,
Mr. Tyler, seconded.

Mr. C. A. Mackelden, the President, then made the following com-
mittee appointments:

1. Banquet ticket — Mr, F. W. Fredericks, Mr. Ben Miracle, Mrs.
Doc Simmer, Mr. John L. Skinner, Mrs. Hoyt Taylor.

2. Eesolution Committe'e — L. C. Dadant, Mr. Eawson, C. F. Earls. ■

3. Auditing Committee — Mr. Eoss Morrill, Geo. Hill, Lewis Dean.

4. 111. Honey Baking Display Committee — C. A. Mackelden, Elmer
Kommer, and J. E. Woolridge.

The financial reports of the treasurer and secretary were read by
Mr. Elmer Kommer and Mr. E. F. Peterson, respectively, and referred '
to the Auditing Committee, who at the final business session on Novem-
ber 2, reported them correct, and on motion were unanimously accepted.
These reports showed total receipts of $350.53, and total expenditures
of $192.54, leaving a balance on hand fdr 4he year beginning November
16, 1933 to October ai, 1934, of the $157.99 balance on hand, $27.20
are funds frozen in the Cambridge bank, leaving total usable funds of
$130.79.

Bills outstanding as follows :

E. J. McCormick $50.00 salary for 4 months

E. F. Peterson 75.00 salary for 6 months

Mr. C. L. Duax, Chief Apiary Inspector, made a report of the
activities in the department for 1934. Inspection started April 9, 1934.
During the year have inspected 89,115 colonies of bees. They destroyed
9,628 , some were shook and some burned. Most of disease was dis-
posed of.

' Mr. Grout was next on the program with a very interesting talk on
"Uses of Beeswax." The first reference to beeswax goes back to Greek
Mythology. It was used A, D. in artificial flowers, cold creams, and
other items similar to those made today. Wax figures have been found
in Europe. King Constantine ordered his entire city to be lighted by
candles; 100 per cent beeswax candles are used in the Catholic churches

22 THIRTY-THIRD. AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

for lighting purposes. More candles are used today than in the days
prior to the invention of lamps,

Eeports of representatives of local associations : Mr. Skimmer, Mr.
Bodenschatz and Mr. Eawson.

The morning session of November 1 was adjourned at 12 :30 p. m.
and was called to order for the afternoon session at 1:30, with the
President, Mr. Mackelden, presiding.

A discussion followed on the American Honey Institute, the manner
in which the Association got together with no salary for anyone except
two paid collectors at the institute; by Mr. K. Hawkins, of Watertown,
Wis.,, who introduced Miss Jensen, Secretary of the American Honey
Instiiute.

Miss Jensen gave an entertaining and instructive view of the insti-
tute which is seven years old. More requests from Illinois Homemakers
from first eight months of this year than ever before. There is a decided
trend toward honey and types of food we serve with honey.

Eecess — 2 :00 to 2 :45. Some plans for 1935. Hope to pass law
giving inspector power to condemn forest trees containing bees, and to
plug bee trees in cities. Another law which is beneficial is to give him
immediate power to destroy a colony being robbed. Vigilance Committee
intended to cover State with each beekeeping community to have a
member on the committee.

The Illinois Honey Institute — Mrs. I. Duax.

The institute during the past year was made up of contributing
members donating one dollar each, the manufacturers, ten dollars, and
supporting members $2.00. They desire ^to find a more appropriate
name than Illinois Honey Institute or Advertising Committee. It was
later decided to call it the "Illinois Honey Foundation."

W. S. Lohnes of Tazewell County gave a brief account of the Minier
meeting.

Mrs. Adam Bodenschatz donated a dresser scarf, and Miss Jensen
a honey fruit cake, which were raffled off at five cents each or six for a
quarter, making ten dollars and thir/ty cents on the drawings for the
"Illinois Honey Foundation" fund. W. C. Sommers, of Tazewell County
won the dresser scarf, and Ora Lee Funkhauser, of Saline County won
the fruit cake. l . .

Mr. A. L. Kildow, former Chief 'Inspector, wished Mr. Duax 'well
and bid us goodbye. He is off to Florii^a.

Fifteen minutgs recess before the banquet.

Annual banquet was held in the parl6rs of the St. Nicholas Hotel
on the evening of November 1, 1934. Nearly every dish served at the
banquet contained honey, thanks to Mrs. Duax. The' attendance at the
banquet was the largest since it became a feature of our conventions,
the total number of tickets sold was 102. Mr. McLaughlin, Mr. Lloyd,
Mr. Ryan, and their wives all were in attendance. Each gave a short
talk, including Mr. Dadant, Miss Jenseji, Mr. Gill, Miss VanGilder,
Eep. M. Bray. After a splendid program by the Duaxes, and the
Kewanee String Orchestra, Mr. Eoy Baxley, a beekeeper magician, gave
thirty minutes performance of excellent magic.

I

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION". , . 23

President G. A. Mackeldeii called the last meeting to order on
November 2, at 8:30 a. m. The election of officers was then held:

For President — Mr. V. G. Milum, 51; Elmer Kommer, 28.

For Treasurer — Mr. Wesley Osborne, 43; Adam Bodenschatz, 37.

For Secretary — Mr. Edwin Peterson, 50; Mrs. I. Duax, 32.

The following vice-presidents were elected bv acclamation: 1st,
AValter Scott Lohnes; 2nd, Adam Bodenschatz; 3rd, H. W. Jones; 4th,
A. G. Gill; 5th, R. Gobei-

The Illinois Honey E-^tension Service Committee consists of Mrs.
Duax, Mr. Milum and Mr. Osborne.

Mr. L. C. Dadant gave a very instructive talk on the origin and
use of the bee escape and the development of the removal of honey by
the carbolic acid method. In his speech, "Away With<the Bee Escape,"
he took, special pains to warn of the dangers to the operator while using
carbolic acid. Mr. Dadant then demonstrated and explained a much
talked of "feeder" developed by Brother Ad^m of England.

Report of the Fact Finding Committee of which Mr. Osborne was
chairmaki.

W. W. Osborne gave an interesting report of the 2,000 miles he
traveled through Michigan and Wisconsin, and his visits with fellow
beekeepers.

Y. G. Milum gave an instructive talk on "New Slants in Bee^
^ehavior." -

Noon-.

November 2, 1934, afternoon session. Called to order by the new
President, Mr. V. G. Milum.

The Auditing Committee report accepted as read with the sugges-
tion that the association secretary purchase the necessary books to estab-
lish a ledger system so that the expenditures, receipts, and balance shall
be apparent at all times. Since then the necessary items have ieen
purchased and are now in use.

The report of the Resolution Committee ^vas read by Mr. Rawson.
A motion was made to include a vote of thanks to the Apiary Inspection
Division for its work during the past year.

The five vice-presidents with Mr. Osborne as chairman on the Fact
Finding Committee.

The Fair Rules Revision Committee was appointed to hold over
from 1934 with Mr. Bodenschatz, Mr. Taylor, and Mr. L. Peterson,
chairman, as a committee with power to act.^

No more business appearing Mr. Milum adjourned the convention
in mid-afternoon, November 2,' 1934.

E. F. Peterson, Secretary.

H -

24 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

RESOLUTIONS APPROVED AND ADOPTED AT THE

FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONVENTION HELD

NOVEMBER 1-2, 1934.

Be it resolved. That the Illinois State Beekeepers' Association in
its Forty-four Aimual Convention assembled ,at Springfield, Illinois,
November 1st and 2nd, does hereby approve and adopt the following
resolutions, and

Be it further resolved, That a copy of same be spread upon the
minutes and copies sent to the various parties concerned.

I.

Be it resolved. That the Association extend its heartfelt sympathy
to the family of James A. Stone, much loved and esteemed former secre-
tary and charter member of this Association, whose loss is keenly felt
by every member of this Association.

.1 11.

Be it resolved, That the Association extend good wishes to Mr. and
Mrs. A. L. Kildow, with the hope that they enjoy a happy and com-
fortable winter in the Sunny South.

III.

Be it resolved, That the Association voice its appreciation of the
good work done by Mrs. Duax, Mrs. Bodenschatz, and other ladies, in
boosting Illinois Honey, and in broadcasting its uses to consumers
throughout our State.

IV.

Be it resolved, That the Association extend its thanks to Mrs.
Malitta Jensen for her presence at this meeting, and for the wonderful
message brought to us regarding the work done by the American Honey
Institute, and

Be it further resolved. That this Association pledge its utmost
support to the institute.

Be it resolved. That we extend our thanks to our retiring officers,
and especially to our President, Mr. Mackelden, and our Treasurer, Mr.
Kommer, who have devoted so much of their time in the past years in
the interests of our Association.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATIOIN'. 25

t ■

\ ■

VI.

Be it resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to the State
Agriculture Department, especially to the State Fair, and the Apiary
Inspection Division for their continued cooperation in promoting the
use of money through the inclusion of honey items in the premium list.

VII.

Be it resolved, That a vote of thanks be extended to the management
of the St. Nicholas Hotel, through whose courtesy we are permitted to
use their parlors and other facilities.

VIII. '

Be it resolved, That a copy of this resolution be placed before our
Governor Henry Horner, together with the annual report of this
Association. '

J

I.

26 THIKTY-THIED AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

JAMES A. STONE.

ILLINOIS STATE BfiEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 27

IN MEMORIAM.

Seven miles northwest of Springfield on Illinois Route 125, or the
old Waubaunca Trail, is a most beautiful place containing several hun-
dred acres. This being the home of James A. Stone, Pioneer Beekeeper.

He belonged to the class of genuine people, whose influence is far
reaching, and who, without ostentation, move the world upward to better
conditions in every way possible. Having a most genial personality, he
was loved bv all who knew him.

Mr. Stone was born May 6, 1842 and died October 29, 1934 at the
above mentioned place, having resided there his entire life of ninety-two
years. He leaves one living son, Percv, who resides at the old home.
; His forbears served under General Washington, and he himself
being very patriotic left high school and enlisted in the Union army
during the Civil War and served for some time. After his return from
the war, he busied himself about the farm and home. He was very
interested in every branch of scientific work and study, this combined
with his ability to learn served him well in making a success of life in
all its phases. The desire to learn of the mysteries within the hive led
him to keep bees about 1875.

Through his experiments in mastering bee culture, Mr. Stone found
that under proper care, bees were a profitable investment. He, gradually
expanded his yard to 150 colonies in 1900; introducing the Halian
Strain into his yard at an early date. As he became older he reduced
his apiary to ten colonies which he kept up to the time of his death.

Recognizing the value of sweet clover for bee pasture was one of
his earliest advocates. His neighbors demanded he eradicate it on his
farm where he had encouraged it to gi'ow along fences and waste ground
and later in his pastures. They stoutly supported that he be fined and
punished for the offense. With amusement he watched the same people
who were opposed to his sweet clover theory, s1:ruggle to get a stand in
later years.

Early recognizing the need for government aid in promoting the
general interests in the pursuit of bee culture, he became one of the
Charter Members which caused the State Association to be formed in
February 27, 1891, and served as its able secretary for twenty-nine years.
This made him one of the best known bee-keepers in the State of Hlinois.
With the aid of others he caused the State Foulbrood Laws and Inspec-
tion Service to be made possible. He also worked and succeeded in
getting the State Fair Board to include an apiary exhibit in its cata-
logues. There he exhibited his fine honey for many years. Being
extremely methodical he maintained a complete weather record diary
for more than seventy years.

Mr. Stone's passing leaves but one living Charter Member, Mr.
C. P. Dadant.

y

28 \ THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR 1934.

WooDHULL, Illinois, November 1, 1934-
To the Illinois State Beekeepers' Association — Greetings :

Herewith is my annual report as Treasurer of the Illinois State Bee-
keepers' Association, subject to your approval.

Receipts.

No. Balance on hand at last convention $92.56

(1) Nov. 15, 1933— Receipt No. 1 17.00

(2) Dec. 28, 1933— Receipt No. 2 4.50

(3) Jan. 1, 1934— Receipt No. 3 5.00

(4) Jan. 31, 1934— Receipt No. 4 6.50

(5) .. Mar. 22, 1934— Receipt No. 5 28.00

(6) Apr. .., 1934— Receipt No. 6 29.00

(7) Oct. 19, 1934— Receipt No. 7 45.50

(8) July 23, 1934— Receipt No. 8 15.77

(9) Oct. 19, 1934— Receipt No. 9 31.50

(10) Oct. 19. 1934— Receipt No. 10. 22.00

(11) Oct. 23, 1934— Receipt No. 11 9.00

(12) Nov. 1, 1934— Receipt No. 12 17.00

Total $323.33

Funds tied up in Cambridge Bank 27.20

$350.53

EXPENDITUBES.

Voucher
No.

(1) Nov. 16, 1933— C. A. Mackelden— Expense to convention $13.80

(2) Dec. 8, 1933 — Elmer Kommer — Expense to convention 17.76

(3) Mar. 15, 1934 — C. A. Mackelden — Expense to committee meet.. 10.60

(4) Mar. 16, 1934 — Elmer Kommer— Expense to committee meeting 12.83

(5) Mar. 16, 1934 — Edwin F. Peterson — Expense to committee meet-

ing 13.20

(6) Jan. 24, 1934 — Edwin F. Peterson — Salary for two months 25.00

(7) Apr. 12, 1934 — Edwin F. Peterson — Salary for two months 25.00

(8) June 18, 1934 — Edwin F. Peterson — Salary for two months 25.00

(9) Nov. 1, 1934— E. J. McCormick— Back salary 50.00

$192.19

Check tax (five checks) $0.10

Handling charges on M. 0 0.25

.35

Total expenditures $192.54

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATIOISr. 29

Recapitulation. ,

Total receipts $350.53

Total expenditures 192.54

$157.99
Deduct frozen funds in Cambridge Bank. 27.20

Total balance $130.79

Outstanding bills:

E. J. McCormick $50.00

E. F. Peterson 75.00

$125.00
(Signed) Elmer Kommer,
Treasurer, Illinois State Beekeepers' Association.

November 2, 1934.

We, the Auditing Committee, have examined these records and have

found them correct.

(Signed) L..A. Dean,

Geo. H. Hill,

Eoss E, Morrill, Chairman,

* Auditing Committee.

\

30

THIRTY-THIRD AKD THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

MR. E. F. PETERSON

1325 Pine Street, Kewanee, Illinois

Secretary of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association.

(1934-1935)

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION.

31

FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR PERIOD
BEGINNING NOVEMBER 16, 1933 AND ENDING

OCTOBER 31, 1934.

Balance in treasury at last convention, November 15, 1933 $92.56

Received by secretary and transmitted to Treasurer or received by Treas-
urer direct according to. the following membership dues Receipt Numbers:

Receipts.

Receipt.

No. 1.

'No. 2
No. 3
No. 4

No. 5

No. 6.

No. 7.

No. 8.
No. 9.

Date re
ceived by
treasurer

11/15/33

12/28/33

1/1/34

1/18/34

3/2/34

3/7/34

8/29/34

7/23/34
9/14/34

Descriptions.

Members at large -

Menard County

Morgan County

Champaign County !

Will County

Iroquois County .,

JoDaviess County

Macon County

Champaign County

Tazewell County

Woodford County

Will County

Members at large

Henry County

Woodford County .-v

Hancock County

Jersey County 1

Members at large

Cook-DuPage County

Peoria County

Montgomery County

Cook-DuPage County

Henry County

Cook-DuPage County

Morgan-Scott County

Will County

DeKalb-Kane County

St. Clair County.

Dividend from funds tied in Woodhull Bank.

Members at large

Piatt County

Champaign County

Cook-DuPage County

Henry County

Jersey County :

Montgomery County.

Morgan-Scott County

Saline and Gallatin County

Tri-County

Will County...

Amount

received by

secretary.

$4.00
2.00

.50
4.00
1.00
2.00
5.50

.50
3.00
2.00
7.00

Remitted

to
treasurer.

$12.00

4.00

1.00

$17.00

$4.50

$4.50

$5.00

$5.00

$6.50

$6.50

$ 3.50

11.00

.50

6.50

3.00

1.50

2.00

$28.00

$ 1.50

4.50

5.00

1.00

1.00

10.00

5.50

$29.00

$ 4.00

5.50

1.00

5.00

2.00

1.00

7.00

20.00

$45.50

$15.77

$15.77

$31.50

\ .

33 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Receipt.

No. 10-

No. 11.
No. 12.

Date re-
ceived by
treasurer

10/13/34

10/19/34
10/30/34

Descriptions.

Fulton County

JoDaviess County

Jefferson County

Lake-McHenry County.

Georgetown

Lake-McHenry County.
Jefferson County Ass'n..

Tri-County -...-.

Cook-DuPage Ass'n

Members at large

Montgomery County. .

Bureau County

Members at large

Tri-County

Cook-DuPage County.

Amount

received by

secretary

11.50
3.00
4.00
7.00
1.50
5.00
1.00
5.00
2.00
1.00

$3.50
4.50
2.00
5.00
2.00

Remitted

to
treasurer.

$22.00

$9.00

J17.00

Total received by Secretary $230.77

Total remitted to Treasurer 230.77

Balance on hand November 16, 1933 , 92.56

In Bank at Cambridge (Defunct) \ 27.20

Total receipts for year ending November 1, 1934 $350.53

Expenditures.

From November 16, 1933 to October 31, 1934, by vouchers as follows:
No.

(1) Nov. 16, 1933 — C. A. Mackelden, expenses to convention $13.80

(2) Dec. 8, 1933 — Elmer Kommer, expenses to convention 16.76

(3) Mar. 15, 1934 — C. A. Mackelden, expenses from Springfleld-

Jerseyville 10.60

(4) Mar. 16, 1934 — Elmer Kommer, expenses to Springfield.^ 12.83

(5) Mar. 15, 1934 — Edwin Peterson, expenses to Springfiel<| 12.20

(6) Jan. 24, 1934 — Edwin Peterson, salary two months (plus $1.00

balance) 26.00

(7) Apr. 12, 1934 — Edwin Peterson, salary two months 25.00

(8) June 18, 1934 — Edwin Peterson,- salary two months 25.00

(9) Oct. 30, 1934— E. J. McCormick, salary three months. 50.00

$192.11

Tax on five checks $0.10

Handling charge on M. O .25

— .35

Total expenditures $192.54

Recapitulation.

Total receipts, November 1, 1933 to October 31, 1934 $350.53

Total expenditures, November 16, 1933 to October 31, 1934 192.54

Balance on hand October 31, 1934 $157.99

Frozen funds in the Cambridge bank 27.20

$130.79

ILLIXOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION.

33

The recapitulation total expenditures also include a fifty dollar check to
Mr, E. J. McCormick as payment of half of his back salary, this check drawn
October 30, 1934.

Bills outstanding:

E. J. McCormick $50.00

E. F. Peterson 75.00

,. $125.00

(Signed) E. F. Peterson,
Secretary, Illinois State Beekeepers' Association.
November 2, 1934.

We, the Auditing Committee, upon examination of the books of the
secretary and the treasurer of the Illinois State Beekeepers^ Association
find them correct.

(Signed) Eoss E. Morkill, Chairman;
L. A. Dean,
r Geo. H. Hill,

Auditing Committee.

registered attendance at 44TH CONVENTION.

Name.

B. L. Mariele

Hoyt Taylor

0. Thompson

Herman Dunhart

Edward Adam

Harry Lefler

Sam Jacker

Harvey Foote-j.

R. E. RankinZ.

Theo. Wellnir

S. W. Trayls

Edwin KOmmer

S.A.Tyler

A. L. Holmes

Woodrow Koritz

Malitta Fischer Jensen

Wesley W. Osborn

Fred F. Bellatti J.--

Vincent Peif er \. - -

Dow Ripley

Elmer Kommer

B.F.Bell

Irene E. Wurts.-i. ,--

Mr. B.F.Bell.-.-

Mr. Floyd Strope

Mrs . Floyd Strope

Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Rocke

Benj. H. Fischer

Virgil E. Rocke

Adolph Bartruff

Mr. and Mrs. R. LaRosh--

Mrs. C. A. Mackelden

Mrs. A. L. Kildow

Mrs. T. J. Robins

Leonard J. Robins

1. A. Dean

Ross R. Morrill

J. E.Cullison

Laurence Peterson

Mrs. Hoyt Taylor —

John Skinner

W. G. Duckwall

Adam Bodenschatz

Mrs. Adam Bodenschatz..

Leroy Stockdale

Mrs. Leroy Stockdale

Eleanor Nelon Simmer

Irene W. Duax

C. L. Duax^

— 3 B R

Address.

Brighton

Pleasant Plains.

Springfield

St. Joseph

Strawn

Hamilton

Shelbyville

Green Valley

Payson

Joliet

Litchfield

Andover

San Jose

Jacksonville

Buckley

Madison, Wis

Hillsboro

Mt. Pulaski..-..

Lincoln

Taylor Ridge

WoodhuU....—
Kingston Mines .

Glasford

Kingston Mines.

Pekin

Pekin.

Morton

Roanoke

Eureka

Pekin

Pekin

Jersej^ille

Putnam

Ripley

Ripley.

Big Rock

Geneva..

Shelbyville

Kewanee

Pleasant Plains.

Albron

Jacksonville..-.

Lemont

Lemont

Palos Park

PalosPark

Chicago

Chicago

Chicago

County.

Sangamon...
Sangamon...
Champaign.

Hancock

Shelby

Tazewell

-^dams

Will

Macoupin

Henry

gan

Morgan

Iroquois

Dane

Montgomery.

Logan

Logan

Rock Island.

Henry..,

Peoria

Peoria

Tazewell . .
Tazewell..
Tazewell..
Woodford.
Woodford.
Tazewell . .
Tazewell-.

Jersey

Putnam— -

Brown

Brown-.-.

Kane

Kane

Shelby

Henry

Sangamon.
Edwards...

Morgan

Cook

Cook -

Cook

Cook

Cook

Cook

Cook

Number of
colonies.

14
20

57
210

60

10

8

7

196

17
200
250

85

15
40

75

338

38

103
60

100
10

6

70

50
150

33
250

28
100
180

60

.....

'356"

Comb or
extracted.

Both.
Both.

Comb.

Extracted.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Extracted.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Extracted.
Both.

Both.

Both.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Both.

20 comb 50
extracted.
Extracted.
Extracted.
Both.
Both.

Both.
Both.

Both.

Extracted.

Both.

■ *?.■» y^Tt--

34 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

I. l
REGISTERED ATTENDANCE AT 44TH CONVENTION— Concluded.

Name.

C. A. Mackelden

E. F. Peterson

J. N. Kortz-.

Wm. Osborn

I.N.Bailey

W. K. Brown

L.C. Dadant

C. W. Duerrstein

John Faist

Edward Adam

Hoyt Taylor

Virgil E. Rocke

Woodrow Koritz

A. J. Street

A.G.Gill

Harry L. King

W. E. Frierdich

Otto C. Meier....--.

Reginald Bean

Ora L. Funkhouser..

Harry Lefler

R. E.Rankin

Louise Stockdale

C. F. Earle

C. W. Mussulman...

John Skinner

Laurence W. Fischer

C. J. .\nderson

I. C. Evans

W. S. Lohnes

C. P. Jankowski

H. J. Bryan

A.J.Phillips

M. Doty

A. L. Kildow

Laurence Young

W. C. Sommer

Adolph Bartruff

Robert LaRosh

Robert M. Gober

V. G. Milum

S. S. Claussen

H.W.Jones.-.

Roy A. Grout

O. G. Rawson

Address.

Jerseyville

Kewanee

Buckley

Morris

Springfield

Springfield

Hamilton

Galena

Freeport

Strawn

Pleasant Plains

Eureka

Buckley

Waggoner

Chicago

Springfield

Belleville

Hoyleton

Mt. Vernon

Eldorado

Hamilton

Pavson

Pales Park

Dal ton City

Vammona

Albron

Woodson

Morris

Decatur

Pekin

Gurnee

Normal

Johnston City..

Decatur

Putnam

Richview

Pekin...

Pekin

Pekin..

Oregon

Champaign

Oregon

Cary

Hamilton

St. Louis 1..

County.

Jersey...

Henry.

Iroquois

Grundy

Sangamon

Sangamon

Hancock

JoDaviess

Steplienson..
Livings ton.. -

Sstogamon

Woodford

Iroquois

Montgomery.

Cook...

Sangamon

St. Clair

Washington..

Jefferson

Saline

Hancock

Adams..

Cook

Moultrie

Piatt

Edwards

Morgan

Grundy

Macon

Tazewell

Lake

McLean

Williamson...

Macon

Putnam

Washington. .

Tazewell

Tazewell

Tazewell

Ogle..

Champaign..

Ogle...

McHenry

Hancock

St. Clair

Number of
colonies.

37

100

40

11

2

350
60
12

210
20

100

14
1

50
22
21
68
60
7
40

360
8

28
65

150

260
29

175
45
13
48

200

8

6

10

6

18

60

60

140
50

Comb or
extracted.

Comb.

Both.

Comb.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Comb.
Comb.

Both.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Extracted.

Extracted.

Both.

Both.

Comb.

Comb.

Extracted.

Extracted.

Extracted.

Both.

Extracted.

Both.

Comb.

Comb.

Both.

Comb.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Both.

Both..

Extracted.

Both.

Extracted.

-?

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 35

A PAPER GIVEN ON THE FLOOR OF THE
CONVENTION BY M. G. DAD ANT.

"^ I think it is desirable occasionally to look back at the past. It gives
us a better perspective of the progress that has been made in our. line,
and also an idea of where we might best seek for further progress.

With your permission, I will do just that.

Sugar cane, to our knowledge, was first discovered in the 6th
century, sugar beets in the l9th century. Earlier than the 6th century,
therefore, people got their necessary sweets from the fruits, perhaps from
the maple trees, but largely from the bees.

The Indian civilization of the Orient was oiie of the oldest and
from its earliest recorded writings, we find the honey bee and honey
recorded in songs and in its law codes. The Indian Sun God "Vishnu"
was a blue bee in a lotus flower. The Indiana love god "Kama" carried
a bow, the string of which was made of bees. This represented that
sweet pains were caused by the arrow of love.

In Arabia the bee "N'ahlat" was a gift from the gods. Mohammed
in his Koran, with its million of Mohammedan followers, speaks of the
honeybee and honey as a medicine — a healing for bodily diseases. While
the Holy book the "Koran" is equally healing for the soul.

A little later in Egypt the "honey-fly" was supposed to originate
from the carcasses of decaying animals. So still there was only a very
limited amount known about the natural historj^ of the bee, even though
honey was the great ^eet, and symbolized to those ancient peoples
almost a divine origin.

But in the time of the Greeks and the Eomans, the sky began to
clear somewHat on the origin of the bee, as well as the place of honey in
the diet.

It is true that the queen was still called the king. But Aristotle,
Pliny and Virgil have handed down in their writings, observations on
bees which have remained as axioms to the present day. Aristotle was
really the father of Zoology. With the complete co-operation of Alex-
ander the Great, he made investigations into the animal and insect world
which are the basis for our modern knowledge on these subjects. He
mentions the wax moth, bee birds, the different kinds of bees within the
colony, and the different sized cells with their functions as holders of the
pollen, brood and honey.

Even in the lives of Stalwart Vikings of early Norse origin, some of
whom were supposed to be the first discoverers of the American con-
tinent, honey played a part. The Vikings went to war sure that in
Valhalla there would be honey mead for them to drink.

But through all these centuries, a major part of the life of the bee
remained a mystery, and beekeeping, of course never entered into chan-

36 THIRTY-THIED AXD THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

nels of commerce to a large extent. Mr. Geo. S. Demiith some years
ago in a series of articles in the American Bee Journal very aptly de-
'' scribed the eras of American beekeeping. I have been free to use some
of this material and give him credit. He calls this first era of American
Beekeeping, the box hive era, extending up to the time when the mov-
able comb hive was invented by Langstroth. And it had extended from
the remotest times with only occasionally a bright spot in the develop-
ment of beekeeping. Aristotle was one of these spots. Another Avas
Francois Huber of France, his work being done about the year 1800.
This great naturalist, although blind, through the help of his faithful
servant Burnens, performed wonderful and minute painstaking experi-
ments, having to do particularly with the interior of the colony. He
went to such lengths as to count one by one the inhabitants of several
colonies of bees, even into the tens of thousands, to imprison the queen
cells and young queens, to find if possible the function of the queen, the
drone and the worker. While Huber was far removed from the movable
comb, yet he did perfect a leaf hive, into which he fitted cut combs so
that they could be turned like the leaves of a book. A very crude affair,
not at all practical, but a great help to him in his entomological work.

So the box hive flourished in all parts of the world until the advent
of the Langstroth principle in 1853. Bear in mind I say the Langstroth
principle, since Langstroth is to be noted, not for the size of his frame,
or of his hive, but for the prin9iple of a hive with movable combs, with
top opening. He, himself, was not sure that he had selected the proper
size either for his hive or for his frame.

But yet, after the advent of the movable comb, the progress of bee-
keeping remained slow, since still there was no way in which to get honey
from the comb, except by pressing or mashing or squeezing it out. or
the alternative of selling it as box honey. I can well remember not so
many years ago, when the five-pound wood box with the glass top and
a slot in the bottom was sold in quantities for the production of box
honey, as I recall, about six of the boxes to the top of a box hive.

Quinby and many others, vrhile they accepted the movable comb
idea of Langstroth, argued that a deeper comb, being more like the
natural habitat of the bee in her hollow los; was best, and held to the
deeper comb and larger hive.

About that time, this country was deep in the Civil war with no
time for great changes or improvements. Although the honey extractor
was invented in Europe in 1865, it was two years later before the first
news of it came^ to America. Similarly comb foundation had been in-
vented 'in Europe in 1857, but delayed its arrival into this country till
after the war. Both of these laid their rapid adoption in this country to
the influence of Samuel Wagner, who had started the American Bee
Journal in 1861, dropped it during the war, and revived it immediately
afterwards.

Then came the rapid growth years of xA.merican beekeeping. Italian
queens were imported. Foundation mills were perfected by Dunham,
Vandervort, and Boot. Extractors rapidly improved. With comb
foundation came honey section, the shallow super. With the extractor
came the possibility for the first time of marketing large quantities of

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 37

clear pure honey. Quinby, Harbison, Adam Grimm, E. France and the
elder Dadant along with many others made the beekeepers hum with
their discussions, mostly good natured, but occasionally sharp in retort.

The comb honey era beginning about 1880 developed a system with
its main proponents in Michigan of contraction in size of brood chambers.
Best comb honey is produced by a quick honey flow, by a crowded brood
-chamber. The Michigan leaders soon learned this. Why not then in-
crease crops, improve your quality by contracting more and more? And
that is just what they did. The ten frame hive became an eight. If an
eight is good, then why not a six? If a Langstroth depth chamber is
good, then why not divide it in two. Then take off one of these for the
flow, thus contracting still more.

And the results were gratifying. But the fad soon died of its own
force. In a few years these same enthusiasts began to complain that
their section was no longer a good honey section. They were getting only
25 pounds a year where they had previously gotten 100, then it had
dwindled to 10 pounds.

All the while there was a distinct class who had done their own
experimenting and were not led aside by the rosy prospects of a pot of
gold at the end of the rainbow. They had held for deeper frames, or at
all odds larger hives.

In our own recollection we have seen the eight frame hive relegated
to the past. The ten frame hive in one story became the standard breed-
ing chamber. Then it was the shallow food chamber for winter and the
double ten frame brood chamber for the breeding season, and now the
double brood chamber for the whole vear, or a big brood chamber in one
story, following out the theory of Quinby and Dadant who had tried for
themselves and made their own decision in the eighties and stuck to it
through the years.

In the meantime, other developments had come. Perfection of
package shipping speeded up the opening of new areas to beekeeping.
Not only that but heavy winter losses could be recouped without a years
delay for making increase.

To my mind one of the chief factors in the recent development of
big beekeeping has been the automobile and truck.

We Ihad an interesting visit from a northern beekeeper the other day
who is running 1700 colonies of bees. They are scattered as far as forty
miles frQm the base. The honey comes in to two big radial machines, is
thrown out and the supers returned in trucks to that forty mile yard
in less time than it would have taken years ago, to make a one way trip
to a yard ten miles away with old Dobbin.

And his wintering problem. Some of the big potato cellars up
there are emptv. All 1700 colonies are safelv stored awav in' a corner
of one of these cellars, equipment all safely away in a warehouse, and
the owner can go ahead, market his crop or if that is done, play away
his time for the winter. Amuse himself in making plans for the coming
season. ■

We are no doubt in an age of mass production. As one beekeeper
said, "I can produce honey as cheaply as sugar is sold, and I will keep
on doing it at a proflt."

38 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOUETH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

All of this may not look rosy to the small Illinois beekeeper where
we have apiaries which seldom run to a hundred and none that run to
the 1700 of the Minnesota man. Are we then, to go out of business,
out of the bee business, I mean?

I think not. In the first place, we get a lot that the big mass
producer can never get. We get enjoyment out of a forenoon in the
beeyard, just puttering around with our bees. We get the happiness,
hunger, and health that pure fresh air, and moderate work give, without
overwork, overworry of the big man.

But there are restrictions that we will have to meet. We cannot any
more run fifty or a hundred colonies of bees and expect them to keep us.
In other words, we will have to put in a cost system and charge to our
bees only that part of our time that we spend on them. Even then our
costs of production will be higher than those of the big man. Then we
will have to sell higher. Either we will have to impress on our customers
that our honey is better, or else we will have to use better salesmanship.
The man I mentioned previously in my talk, the 1700 colony man, got
414 cents for his honey. I don't believe any of us want to sell for that.
Yet I wonder if the Illinois beekeeper isn't the Illinois beekeepers worst
enemy. .

Looking over the past, we have had some wonderful progress in
beekeeping in the past eighty years. The movable comb hive, the extrac-
tor, comb foundation, the section honey box, improved equipment of all
kinds, better means of transportation, the bee package, and queen in-
dustry development. One wonders what the future can bring in the way
of developments that will revitalize beekeeping as much as have these
inventions and improvements in the past. We would be an unprogressive
people were we to consider our work well done, with nothing for the
future.

But how will it come? Will we get that new f angled long-talked-
of hive where you hook up your hose like a vacuum sweeper and pump
the honey out without disturbing the bees? Perhaps. A beekeeper in
Spain thinks he has it already. I doubt this will come in my time. But
I would like to make a couple of suggestions.

We have progressed a long way in manipulation, and in instru-
ments for aiding manipulation. I think one of the next moves is to
emulate the improvement in other domesticated animals, and improve
the race of bees. Not that our breeders have not been doing this very
thing during the past three generations. But they haven't had the _ op-
portunity. We have it now. The Watson method of artificial queen
insemination is a fact. It hasn't been pushed forward. Why? Because
there has not been sufficient demand for it. Some day when honey
prices get better, and the urge comes on the part of the beekeepers, they
will demand the speeding up of this wonderful work, on the part of our
government agencies to their ultimate Conclusion.

As one beekeeping friend wrote the other day. The black bee was
the hustler, she wintered well, on small stores, she built up fast in spring,
she could defend herself. She was a product of the survival of the
fittest. The Italian bee is an artificial product of modern beekeeping,
but she is a good producer, she is nice looking, she is gentle, she does

*;5!Sf'y¥'K^-'•

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION". 39

not run over the combs, she swarms' less. Then why not take the good
qualities of these races, yes and of the Caucasians and Carniolans too,
and throw them all into one standard bee^that has all the qualities of
all of them, or let three or four breeds if you wish, though all of our
bees are for honey; not for different purposes like cream, milk and beef
production as are our cattle strains.

So I think we will go forward in the field of bee breeding.

But here is another field. And that is distribution.

For years, beekeepers everywhere have told of the wonderful there-
apeutic, value of honey. How it will kill ringworm, cure colds, help
the diabetic, reduce ulcers, make an ointment. In fact in past I don^t
doubt but that some time somewhere, some beekeeper has recommended
honey for every human ailment. But it has been a hit and miss proposi-
tion. Tried out on somebody and succeeded. Used by an isolated
physician here and there. No solid backing.

I look for the time to come, and very shortly when absolute and
thorough tests on the part of trained scientific men will tell us whether
honey is good and if so, just what for. We all know it has eminent
qualities, or think we know. It is only for the professional to pin down
these qualities and publish them. The market will take care of itself.
Just look what tomato juice, carrots, oranges, spinach, have done.

But I do think we can profit by a thorough marketing agency. "We
have too many honeys in this country, and they range too widely in their
elements. Some sort of an agency is going to have to get these results
of the professional men, classify them, and then start bottling or can-
ning a honey that will fit the needs for certain purposes. My ow^n phy-
sician would be glad to prescribe honey for sweetening of baby foods,
but is afraid to because of the variation in the honey offered. He recom-
mends instead a standard Karo.

Not his fault. Chiefly ours, because we have not standardized, be-
cause we have not encouraged someone to enter the field of dietetics
with a honey that will sell from the drug store and grocery just like
any other standard recommended food.

I say I hope that the coming day in beekeeping is the development
of the ideal bee and of the fixing of the ideal uses for honey.

In the meantime, let us not be ° idle. Let us use our best efforts to
help the cause of honey-distribution by supporting the work of the Honey
Institute, an institution, to my mind that has done more to develop the
market for honey, and the limited amount of funds it has had to do
with than any other organization ever has done for the beekeeping in-
dustry.

In the baking trade, honey is no longer an experiment. It is an
actual fact. Bakers know what they can do with it. They know that
week by week, they can save enough'^in stale bread to pay for the honey
they use. . The American Honey Institute put it over.

The flour people, the baking powder, the evaporated milk, the
cheese, and many otljer interests are glad and anxious to boost and
recommend honey, once they were sure in their own minds that it was
worthy. Many magazines ran feature recipe articles on honey. One

40 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

of them recently lias gone so far as to say that no American home should
ever be without a supply of honey all the year 'round. That is sound
building of the industry. We must support it. We cannot let it fail.

Honey is mentioned ten times today in advertising and magazine
literature, where it was mentioned once, before the American Honey
Institute became active.

We get what we pay for. Think of the results if all of the 800,000
American beekeepers supported the Institute financially as well as
morally.

ILLIXOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS^ ASSOCIATION". ' 41

A 2,000 MILE BEEKEEPING TOUR.

(By Wesley W. Osborn.)

As' I wrote you Jiily 13th, I made the Michigan! Demuth Memorial
Meetmgs, August 1, 2, 3 and 4.- With me were 0. W. Kennett. Ohhnan,
111., president of our county association. Walter 0. Frame, a Hillsboro
beekeeper, and his eleven 3^ear old son Kenneth, and my youngest son,
Howard, the same age as Kenneth. •

After a lot of getting ready, we finally got off the night of July
31st, leaving Hillsboro at 9 :15 p. m. in a downpour of rain, the first we
had seen for weeks, but we couM. not stay to enjoy it. Twenty miles to
Ohlman, and a stop to pick up Mr. Kennett, then east on route 16 to
Mattoon, and north on 45. Champaign at 12 :25 a. m. If we had
known where V. G. Milum lived, we would have gone by and waked him"
up. We got out of the rain at Paxton, and found the old familiar Illi-
nois dust. Kankakee and east to the State line. Indiana at sun-up. and
dry as dry ! 'Not a blade of green in the pastures. Route 2 through
Valparaiso, and a stop at LaPorte for breakfast. Howard suffering from
car-sickness ; no breakfast for him. The rest of them slept more or less,
but Howard was too excited for that. Kennett kept a lookout lor bee-
hives and "honey for sale" signs, failing which he would call "off the
"beer" signs, Avhich were plentiful enough. South Bend. Mishawaka.
Elkhart, and then Michigan, and a gradual improvement in the drought
situation. More beehives and "honey for sale" signs. Sturgis and
Coldwater and on doAvn 112 between majestic rows of shade. Ypsilanti
at last, noon by our time, and time for lunch; 517 miles of driving,
while the rest slept what they could. Howard still sick, so a trip to a
drug store to fix him up, and get some post cards (which we did not
mail till the next night at Portland).

Getting directions to the Markham apiary, we reached there and
cleaned up in time for the program. Dry there, but the alfalfa flow on.
Howard made up his bed in the shade of a tree, and caught up some
lost sleep. We found around 200 present, the meeting being held under
a tent, erected over "bleacher" seats, and a microphone. installed on the
speakers' platform. Mrs. Jensen. "Institute Lady", reported on the
progress oi~The American Honey Institute. I defy any one to listen to
the record she gaA^e us, and then tell me that he does not believe the
Institute is doing any good! Mr. H. F. Wilson (maybe I should call
him Professor), Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Institute,
spoke on its needs, and our need for it. E. R. Root spoke in his own
inimitable w^ay on the needs of our industry, Clare Blakeslee, of
Schmidt Bros.' Stores, Lansing, Mich., gave us the merchant's view-
point of honey selling, and several other interesting speakers appeared
before us. Several Illinois visitors were there. M. G. Dadant we found

42 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

"iipon arrival, with Mr. A. G. Woodman, who makes bee supplies over in
Grand Rapids, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Duax, and Mrs. Simmer,
were there from Chicago, and Mr. and Mrs. Walter Scott Lohnes, from
Pekin.

Mr. Markham kindly gave us permission to camp in his orchard,
which we did with a beekeeper and his family from Ohio for our over-
night neighbor. He had a pail of Ohio honey with him, which he kindly
divided with us, and was it good ! A trip to Ypsilanti provided eggs,
milk, and other eatables, and supper over, blankets were spread, and
soon it was morning. Old ground got pretty hard, though. Breakfast,
and on our way, a pair of Howard^s socks left hanging in an apple tree.

Ann Arbor, Jackson, Albion, and Battle Creek at 10 o'clock. A
trip of inspection through the Kellog plant, that part of it where corn
flakes are made. A dandy luncheon, compliments of the Kellog Co.,
and then the program in their hall. Mr. Kellog welcomed us to Battle
Creek, and Miss Barber, their Home Economics Director, told us of their
plans for National Honey Week. I wonder how many of us have plans
for that week? In addition to the speakers of the day before. Dr. E. F.
Phillips appeared on the program, with "Rural Russian Rambles, giving
us a true picture of Russia as he saw it first hand. A hail and rain
storm interferred with the program in the middle of the afternoon.
Leaving at 5 :00 o'clock, we started for Portland, driving for 15 miles
through a hard rain. In Portland we inspected the new honey house
built by Mr. Ralph Blackman. The good book says we shall not covet,
l)ut I coHld use a house like his. Supper at a restaurant, and bed in the
park. They put m.e across a wheel-track, so I did not sleep so good.
Forty-one miles to Grand Rapids took an hour out of the morning, ar-
riving at the Pantlind Hotel at 10, to find the tour of inspection can-
celled, so we got up one of our own. After an early lunch, we visited
the A. G. Woodman Co., took a picture or two, and beat it to the hotel
for the program. Milum was there, so it was just as well we did not
stop and wake him up. He might have "combed" us. Dr. Phillips
spoke on the "Life Work of George Demuth", whom we all knew as
editor of Gleanings for these many years, ^nd whom it was my pleasure
to meet at the 1933 meetings of The American Honey Producers League
and The American Honey Institute, at St. Louis. I wish every beekeep-
er could have heard this able tribute to the man, Demuth. Xext best
will be to read it in September Gleanings.

At the close of the program we left Grand Rapids and headed north,
towards Traverse City, camping for the night near Big Rapids at Rogers
Dam. We found here that the hail which touched us at Battle Creek,
had done real damage to the trees and crops. Crops - as a rule looked
better ihe farther north we traveled. The boys tried for a fish at this
cam.p, but no luck. The next morning we traveled through some
wonderful country, reaching Traverse City in time to get out to James
Hubert's at noon, where we had our lunch' under one of his apple trees,
in which was hanging a large bear-skin, recently parted company from
the original owner. We never did find out where they met this bear,
but some of those present were telling about a man having seven hives
torn up, presumably by a bear. Kennett told the boys that we would

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION". 43

have to sleep out that night near that place. (Actually it was miles east
of us.)

We were much interested in Mr. Hilbert's method of "cut-comb"
honey production. He puts out a wonderful product, and so simple the
way he does it. He had his helpers demonstrating for our benefit.
One of Mr, Hilbert's neighbors, Mr. Geo. H. Kirkpatrick, Kalkaska,
Mich., had his machine for "creaming'^ honey there, and a sample of it's
work. It is a novel product, resembling granulated honey with very fine
granules or crystals, will stay put when spread, and the flavor seems in-
tensified. I brought some of it home with me, and what there is left,
is still in its original condition, although not quite so stiff, due to our
warmer weather. Mr. Kirkpatrick says he has some at home which he
processed five years ago, and it still remains just as it came from his
machine. From the Hilbert honey house we went to the shore of Lake
Leelanau for the rest of the program, where Mrs. Jensen gave us a talk
on Institute products, backed up by actual samples. You know they
were good ! M. G. Dadant gave us a picture of the honey market over
the United States, advising us not to be too keen to dispose of our honey
at a low price. The outdoor supper was going down in great style to
conclude.^the day, when it started to rain, and although some of us had
to leave our ice cream, we were glad to see the rain.

Leaving Traverse City at dusk,, we headed towards Mackinaw. We
drove till late, and finally camped across the road from a thick woods,
near Atwood, out in the wilds, as we thought. In the morning, about
4:30, Kennett shook me awake, and "Hey, let's get out of here before
this feller sics his dog on us, we're right in his back yard." About a
quarter to the south was one farm house, and the same distance to the
east was another. We started out again, and ate breakfast at Harbor
Springs, reaching Mackinaw about ten, where we stopped over till noon.
The boys and I took a swim, but found the Avater too cold to stay in
long. After an enjoyable trip across the Straits via ferry, we headed
down the west shore of Lake Michigan, through woods so thick that
Dillinger could be hidden there yet, if he wouldn't come out to see his
"sweeties", down through Manistique and Escanaba, camping in the
park at Stephenson, (it felt like the north pole). Into Wisconsin via
Marinette, through Green Bay, Oshkosh, b'gosh, and just out of
Fond du Lac the head of No. 1 valve dropped off for no reason at all,
and went through the piston head. We limped on in, and six miles
farther, to Hamilton, Avhere we camped for the night and repairs. Kain
drove us to the car for a while, and after a '"hum" night, I rolled up my
sleeves, and with Frame's help, we got off again by 1 :30 p. m. Water-
town was the next stop, arriving at the Lewis factory just at closing
time. We went in to say hello to Kenneth Hawkins, gfnyway, but he was
in West Virginia. As we were leaving, Mr. Carriker, who was with
Hawkins at our 1933 meeting, recognized me, and kindly took us
through the plant, and while nothing was in operation, we came away
with a better understanding of how our beehives are made.

From Watertown we went south through Ft. Atkinson, then angled
over towards Kenosha, near which my sister lives, and we camped with
them that night. After a short visit, we left the next morning, coming

44 rHIETY-THIKD AND THIRTY-FOUETH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

down through Marengo for a sight of Dr. C. C. Miller's old home, which
I am glad to say appears to be well taken care of. Then down to
Ottawa, and over to Starved Rock. Just like driving in the mountains,
only it doesn't last long. The next stop was in Kewanee, where we
hunted up our secretary, Edwin Peterson, his father and brother. We
found them busy as bees, extracting honey, and other work incident to
the apiary, and after a pleasant, but alh too short visit, we headed for
home, via Peoria and Springfield. Time. Avould not permit a visit with
Lohnes at Pekin, or Bell, at Kingston Mines. After leaving Kennett at
Ohlman. and Frame and "Buddy" at their home, Howard and I arrived
home at midnight of August 8th. lacking nine miles of having covered
3,000 miles on our trip.

It was a wonderful trip, and we saw some wonderful country, but
old Illinois still looked the best, even if it was hot instead of pleasant,
and we had flies and mosquitoes. The best alfalfa we saw was between
Peoria and Springfield, likewise the best soy beans, The best corn was
between DeKalb and Ottawa. The best honey crop appeared to be a tie
betvv"een various locations. Nearly everywhere there was complaint of
a short crop, but many, many places had no crop, if the hives without
supers were any indication. When we get our production up to v.'here
we can contribute $100 to the American Honey Institute, as Oscar H.
Schmidt did for the 100 tons he produced last year, then vre can truth-
fully say we have had a good crop of honey.

{

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 45

POLLINATION OF FRUITS.

(R. L. McMuMM, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.)

Eegular and abundant crops of many of our temperate zone fruits
cannot be expected unless a proper selection of varieties is made to
insure pollination. The need for a proper choice of varieties has become
more necessary since fewer are set in our orchards, this being especially
so when large blocks are set. An outline of the processes that take
place in pollination and fertilization and some of the irregularities, will
bring out more clearly the reasons for many crop failures, even though
trees bloom and pollinating agents are present.

For an adequate understanding of pollination and fertilization it
is necessary to know something of the structure of the flovrer and the
part each structure plays in the processes. Such being the case it seems
advisable to describe briefly an open flower, so that all will be thinking
of the same parts, then go back and trace the development of this flower
from its initiation and point out some of the irregularities in develop-
ment that may later affect pollination and fertilization. Let us choose
for our floAver type the apj)le, since it is the most important tree fruit
in the State. It must be understood that what is said of this flower
will not necessarily fully describe the parts in flowers of different species,
but the general processes of pollination and fertilization are the same
in our fruits.

The Open Flower: Most prominent in the open blossom are the
petals, five in niunber in the apple. These structures play no direct
part in pollination or fertilization. Indirectly they may be responsible
for pollination, in that bees rarely visit flowers from which the petals are
removed. Outside the row of petals are the five green sepals. The sepals,
collectively known as the calyx, have no function in pollination or ferti-
lization. The sepals are attached to the upper part of the fleshy re-
ceptacle, which enlarges and becomes the edible part of the apple.
Botanically the receptacle is not a part of the flower proper. Located
about centrally in the receptacle are five carple cavities, in each of which
are normally two ovaries. The ovaries after (2ompleting their develop-
ment are the seed. Turning again to the exterior of the flower we find
the twenty stamens in a double row just inside the petals. Each stamen
has a long stock, the filament, and an enlarged anther on the free end.
It is within the four compartments, loculi, of each anther that pollen
is produced. Centrally in the- open flower are the five pistils. The upper
end of the pistil is much enlarged and rough over the surface. This
rough surface is the stigma, and it is on this surface that pollen grains
germinate. The stem of a pistil is known as the styles, and connects
directly with a carple cavity and its ovaries.

46 THIETY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPOETS OF THE

Development of the Floral Parts: Contrary to the thought of
many, the fruit buds of our tree fruits are developed during the late
spring, summer and fall of the year, preceding their opening into flowers.
In Illinois the initiation of the apple flower takes place from May to
July, depending on whether the trees are in northern or southern Illi-
nois. The first indication that a bud is going to develop into a fruit
bud and not a leaf bud is the widening of the crown within the bud
scales. From the outer part of this raised crown five -protuberances are
pushed out, these parts are the undeveloped sepals. Shortly after the
sepals are initiated, small out-growths from around the bases of the
sepals are formed. These are recognized as stamens. Soon after sepal
and stamen initiation; in the center of the crown a hollow depression
is formed by the pushing up of the surrounding cells. The hollow cavity
is the first stage in the carple cavity development and the cells which
are pushed upward will ultimately develop into the pistils. Last to be
formed are the petals. The above parts are well advanced by fall, none,
however, are mature. During warm periods in the winter and spring
there is further advancement and with the opening of spring very marked
advancement takes place. When the flower finally opens all parts are,
fully developed and the blossom is ready for pollination.

Formation of Pollen: Within the anthers and also the ovaries
cytological changes are taking place that should be briefly outlined.
When first formed the cells of the anther are much alike. Later the
innermost cells in each of the anthers, loculi are differentiated from
those outermost. These inner cells repeatedly divide, are split apart,
thus their numbers are increased. Late in the development of the un-
opened flower each of the cells in the anther loculi lays down a wall
making two halves of each cell, each of these halves lays down a wall
making four quarters to each cell. These four quarters mature rapidly
and Avhen about mature, the material holding the four quarters together
is dissolved out and the four new cells are free in the anther loculi.
These free cells are pollen grains. Within a single anther hundreds of
pollen grains are developed. Counts made by the anther of 61 varieties
of apples gave an average of 4,000 per anther or 120,000 per flower.
The lowest count was 662 per anther (13240 per flower). These num-
bers indicate that even in varieties of low abundance there is ample
pollen, provided it is distributed and is congenial with the variety on
which it is deposited.

Seed Development : Within the ovule in the carple cavity a large
cell is formed. This cell divides, giving rise to two, these two cells divide
giving rise to four. The cell at the lower end of the row of four in-
creases in size, while the three remaining cells disintegrate. Within the
single large cell other changes take place. The nucleus of this cell
makes three divisions, giving a total of eight nuclei. Three nuclei re-
main at either end of the cell, the other two migrate to the middle of
the cell. One of the three nuclei at the basal end of the cell enlarges.
This enlarged nucleus is the egg. This egg along with other parts of
the cell will develop into a seed, provided the egg receives through
fertilization a sperm from a pollen grain.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION". 47

Since it is necessary for two distinct parts to unite before a seed
can be developed and these parts are formed in different floral structures
we can think of the pollen grain as the male part of the plant, and the
egg, with its subtending parts, the ovary and pistil, as the female part
of the plant.

Pollen and Egg Abortion: From the above outline of pollen and
egg development it might be inferred that all pollen and eggs were good,
as it were, at the time of blossoming. Such is not the. case. "With all
varieties some pollen and also eggs can be found that have not developed
normally and thus are useless from the standpoint of fertilization. The
percentage of pollen and eggs that do not develop normally varies greatly,
some varieties showing a high percentage of abortion while others have
low abortion. In the apple, pollen is produced in such abundance that
even though there is a high percentage of aborted pollen there is always
ample good pollen provided it is distributed. In some fruit species
varieties are found in which practically all the pollen is aborted. The
J. H. Hale peach is in this class. Some few gi'ape varieties exhibit this
characteristic, and in such varieties the stamens instead of growing up-
right are reflexed.

Egg abortion is probably less frequent in the apple than is pollen -
abortion. Even though a few eggs in a single fruit of the apple are
aborted this would. not necessarily mean the fruit would not set. In
the apple, normally 10 ovaries, and eggs are developed, and this full
component of ovaries is not necessary for fruit set and development. It
is evident then that in tbe apple, abortion of the sex cells will rarely
cause a reduction in the crop, but with the drupe fruits a high per-
centage of egg abortion might reduce the set. On trees that are vegeta-
tively non-vigorous, fruit often fails to set, this is generally attributed
to lack of food and not to abortion. Abortion of the egg may, however,
be responsible, this being brought about by the weak tree condition.

Killing of Fruit Buds: In a preceding paragraph it has been
pointed out that the fruit bud is initiated during the year preceding
blossoming. Therefore the buds of our fruits are subjected to the vary-
ing changes in weather for a period of 8 to 9 months. Since the bud
is subjected to winter temperatures, bud killing can be expected. The
degree pf bud killing varies greatly depending on the kind of fruit, the
time the low temperature occurs, the !i?apidity of temperature drop, and.
several other factors. Of our temperate zone tree fruits the peach is
least hardy and the apple most hardy. Rarely are apple fruit buds killed
by low winter temperatures, but with 'the peach the entire crop of fruit
buds are generally killed by a temperature of -10 °F., with occasional
100 per cent kills at -5°F., and some killing even with the hardier
varieties can be found when the temperature drops to but zero. When
buds are killed by winter temperatures the blossom does not open, since
all the floral structures are destroyed.

Another type of killing Avhich' is of more interest from the stand-
point of pollination and fertilization might be termed "partial bud
killing." This type of killing occurs more commonly late in the spring,
generally as the buds are swelling or even when the floA\'ers have opened.
As the fruit bud approaches the blossoming period its resistance to low

48 . THIKTY-THIKD AND THIRTY-FOUETH ANNUAL EErORTS OF THE

temperatures decreases. Just before the petals expand, temperatures
often as high as 25 to 28 °F. will kill some of the floral parts of the
apple. The expanding peach flower, however, is somewhat more hardy
often resisting a temperature of 23 °F. The 3'oung peach fruit is more
tender than the flower and very slight freezing usually kills the un-
developed seed, resulting in the shedding of the fruit. In the flower,
the different structures exhibit different degrees of hardiness. The
calyx and petals are most resistant, the pistil and ovaries least resistant
and the stamen or pollen intermediate in resistance. With such a con-
dition existing it can be seen that when late spring frosts occur the
pistils and ovarie^might be killed and the remaining floral structures
uninjured. Such injury is much more common than is generally appre-
ciated, because such injured flowers open and appear normal unless care-
ful examination of the pistil is made.

Each year this type of injury is to be found in greater or lesser
degree depending on the advancement of the flower, and the tempera-
ture. In the plum variety orchard of the Horticultural Department,
Urbana, during most years a few varieties can be found that show 50
per cent or more such injury and occasionally varieties with 95 to 100
per cent frozen pistils have been observed. The same has been observed
with the sweet cherry. It should be apparent, that such ovaries could
not be fertilized, thus poor sets are realized.

Pollination: Let us now consider some of the different phases of
pollination. Under this heading we must keep in mind that pollination,
whether spoken of as cross-pollination, self-pollination, etc., refers to the
transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Commercial orchards,
however, use the term pollination, to include pollination and also fertili-
zation. Shortly after the flower opens, the anthers split along the two
edges, exposing the mature pollen. (The method of anther opening
varies in different species.) The transfer of pollen in different species
varies, thus with niany, wind is responsible for pollen distribution, while
vv'ith others insects are responsible for transferring the pollen from the
anthers to the stigmas. With some kinds of fruits only certain species
of insects are the pollinating agents. Our temperate zone horticultural
fruits are insect pollinated, excepting the nut fruits which are wind
pollinated. Pollen of the wind pollinated species is light and has no
tendency to stick together while with the insect pollinated species the
pollen grains are more or less sticky which aids in adhering to insects
when they come into contact with the pollen.

Although many species of insects- visit the open flower of our fruit
trees the honey bee is responsible for most of the pollination at least
with the tree fruit. In Illinois more than 50 different species of insects
ha.ve been observed visiting apple blossoms on a single day. Undoubtedly
this number would have been increased if night collections had been
made. Others have recorded even a greater number of species. The
question can be intelligently asked, if so many different species visit the
apple why is the honey bee more important than the others? This can
-be answered by visiting an apple tree on a warm day when it is in full
bloom. Such a visit will reveal that there are many species of insects
but the honey bee is by far in greatest numbers. This is due to the fact

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEErEKS' ASSOCIATION. 49

that the honey bee over-winters in large numbers in the adult stage,
while with many species the winter is passed in the pupal, larval or egg
stage and but few have transformed to the adult stage by fruit blossom-
ing time. Even those species hibernating as adults are few in numl)er
when compared to the honey bee. Your observation will also give you
another reason why the honey bee is most important. This insect
gathers nectar and pollen for storage, therefore the individuals work
as fast as possible. Wild species of bees, except wild honey' bees, also
gather nectar and pollen but their numbers are generally much less than
the honey bee, and they do not make as many visitations. This is also
true of other species, which feed only to satisfy their own appetites.
The honey bee goes about her work in systematic order, visiting flower
after flower in rapid succession, while with most other species the in-
dividuals are generally erratic in visitation, sometimes making rather
long flights froni tree to tree instead of to flowers on the same tree. This
seems to be especially so of the bumble bees.

When visiting the blossoms the insects come in contact with the
pollen, this adheres to their hairy bodies. Where another flower is
visited and the insect's body comes in contact with the stigma, some of
the pollen adheres to the sticky stigmatic fluid, thus pollination is
accomplished. JSTature has provided our different plant species with
many and varied shaped floral structures, so that pollination is assured.

Weather and Pollination: Even though the honey bee is the most
important insect from the standpoint of fruit pollination, many years the
temperature during the blossoming period of our. earlier blooming fruits
is too low for bee flight. Also, rainy, cloudy and windy days can be
expected. On such days, flight is restricted or even checked entirely. It
is under such adverse weather conditions that, the orchardist is most in
need of bees in the orchard, but under such conditions bees remain in
the hive. Such being the case, orchardists should provide enough stands
so that ample pollination can be secured in a relative short time if native
bees are not in abundance. Five or six hours of good pollinating weather
usually will insure a crop in orchards planted to varieties that are com-
patible, and ample pollinating agents (bees) are present. Investigations
have shown that one hive per acre is ample in most orchards.

Fertilization: Even though pollination has been accomplished,
this does not necessarily mean there will be a crop. An outline of the
processes taking place after the pollen is placed on the stigma will make
it more clear, why under many conditions crops are not produced.
Shortly after the flower opens, the stigmatic surface secretes a viscous
fluid which is known as the stio:matic fluid. It is in this fluid that the
pollen grains adhere. Providing the temperature is high enough for
germination and the pollen grains are good they will germinate. ])ushing
out a pollen tube in a few hours. The rapidity of germination and the
growth of the pollen tube varies with temperature changes. Very little
or no germination occurs at temperatures close to freezing. As the
temperature is increased up to about ?0°F. rapidity of geraiination in-
creases and the rapidity of pollen tube growth also increases. Temper-
atures above 70 °F. have an inhibiting effect, similar to lower temper-

— 4 B R

■~:^-fr¥^

50 THIETY-THIKD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

atures. When the temperature is close to 70 °F. pollen germinates within
a few hours and by the end of 24 hours the pollen tube has made con-
siderable growth, depending of course, on the variety. As soon as the
pollen tube is pushed out from the pollen grain it orients itself and
starts growing down the style towards the ovaries. When the tube
reaches the carpel cavity and comes in close contact with the ovary a
part of the contents of the pollen tube carr}dng the sperms migrates into
the ovary, one of the nuclei (sperm) from the pollen grain unites with
the egg, while another unites with one of the nuclei located in the center
of the embryo sac. The growth of the pollen tube and union of the two
nuclei is fertilization, and after this takes place the seed develops.

Self and Cross Pollination: The above is the typical process in
fertilization. A further study, with examples, will bring out clearly the
reason for the non-setting of some fruits even though they are pollinated.
In the above outline nothing was said relative to the rate of elongation
of the pollen tube, the time required to reach the egg or the time the egg
lives after the blossom opens. These processes will, of course, vary con-
siderably as stated above, depending on the temperature, but for an
illustration we will consider the temperature high enough for normal
plant activity to take place. Let us suppose that, pollen of the variety
Rome (Beauty) is placed on a receptive stigma of the same variety
(self -pollinated). The pollen grain will germinate, and the pollen tube
will grow down the style towards the ovary. Throughout the entire
length of the style the pollen tube grows at a very uniform rate, no
acceleration taking place. Before the pollen tube reaches the ovary the
egg has died, thus fertilization cannot take place, even though pollina-
tion has been accomplished, and the blossom will drop shortly after the
petals fall. Varieties responding thus are said to be self-unfniitful and
since they are self -unfruitful they should, not be planted alone or in
large blocks.

Consider now a variety at the other extreme. If Jonathan pollen
is placed on the stigma of the Jonathan (self -pollinated), the pollen will
germinate, and the pollen tube will grow down the style. Unlike the
Eome pollen tube in the Eome style, the Jonathan pollen tube in the
Jonathan style, has an accelerated rate of growth as it nears the ovary,
i. e. the closer it gets to the ovary the more rapidly it grows. Due to this
more rapid rate of growth the pollen tube reaches the ovary before the
egg dies, thus fertilization can take place which insures the fruit setting.
Varieties responding so are said to be self-fruitful and can be expected
to produce crops most years when planted alone or in large blocks.
Planting such varieties in large blocks is not advisable, however,' be-
cause occasionally the variety may, due to some physiological or weather
condition react as a self -unfruitful variety.

Between these two extremes are a group of varieties referred to as
partial self-fruitful or partial self -unfruitful, i. e. they can be expected
to produce a partial crop when pollinated with their own pollen. From
an economic standpoint, they should, however, be considered as self-
unfruitful.

In the above illustration, a variety was pollinated with its own
pollen, i. e. self -pollinated. Consider now cross-pollination, i. e. the

••^

^ V

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 51

pollen of one variety on another yariety. Illustrations using some of
the commercial varieties will bring out some of the problems that may be
involved when few varieties are planted.

Winesap is self -unfruitful and when self -pollinated will not pro-
duce fruit. If this variety is cross-pollinated with Stayman another
self -unfruitful variety, no appreciable crop can be expected because Stay-
man is a poor pollinator for the Winesap, and no fruit can be expected
from Stayman because Winesap pollen is not compatible with Stayman.
If Delicious, a self -unfruitful variety is planted with the above two vari-
eties, crops can be expected from Winesap and Stayman, because De-
licious is a good pollinator for both varieties. No appreciable crop can
be expected from Delicious, because it does not set when pollinated with
its own pollen, neither will it set when Winesap pollen is used but will
have a partial crop when pollinated with Stayman pollen. Using
Jonathan with the above three would insure a crop from each variety
since Jonathan is a good pollinator for Delicious.

The above paragraphs can be summarized as follows :

(1) A variety may be self -unfruitful, partial self -unfruitful or

self-f ruitful.

(2) A self -unfruitful variety may or may not be a good pollinator

for other varieties.

(3) A self -fruitful variety may or may not be a good pollinator

for other varieties.

Pistillate and Staminate Flowers: Some kinds of fruits produce
flowers of two distinct kinds ; the staminate flower bearing only stamens
and no pistils and the pistillate flower which has pistils and no stamens.
In the native persimmon the staminate and pistillate flowers are born on
different trees, thus to secure fruiting, trees of both kinds must be
present to secure pollination. Grape varieties which have reflexed
stamens can be considered from the pollinating standpoint as pistillate
plants. Some few strawberry varieties are pistillate and must be planted
with varieties having perfect flowers to secure fruiting. Some of our
native nut trees have both staminate and pistillate blossoms, on the
same trees. W^ith the pecan a problem is encountered which is not found
in our other fruits. With many pecan varieties the pollen is mature and
shed before the stigmas of the variety are receptive, while with others
the pollen is mature and shed after the stigmas are receptive. Different
varieties of this fruit must be planted together whose pollen is shed
when the stigmas are receptive.

It should be evident from the statements and illustrations that
pollination and fertilization of our fruits can be influenced by several
factors, many of which are beyond the control of the grower. The
grower can, however, aid materially in securing crops by^ the proper
selection of varieties that will pollinate one another.

Varietal Combinations for Pollination: Since the varietal com-
binations are almost unlimited, but a few of the more important vari-
eties will be given along with varieties that have proven to be good pol-
linators. Information on varieties not listed can be secured from your
State Agricultural Experiment Stations. In this list the variety is
given, followed by other varieties which are good pollinators.

52 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Apple: (Xote — The red sports respond like the parent variety and
from the pollination standpoint can be considered as such.)

Ben Davis — Mcintosh, Jonathan, Delicious.

Delicious — Mcintosh, Eome, Jonathan, Yellow Transparent,
Duchess.

Duchess — Mcintosh, Jonathan, Yellow Transparent.

Golden Delicious — Grimes, Delicious, Duchess, Eome.

Grimes — Jonathan, Delicious, Ben Davis.

Jonathan — Eome, "Wealthy, Ben Davis, Delicious, Duchess, Y'^ellow
Transparent.

Mcintosh — Eome, Wealthy, Delicious Jonathan. Duchess. Yellow
Transparent.

Eome — Mcintosh. Wealthy, Jonathan, Delicious, (Yellow Trans-
parent. Duchess, often bloom too late for pollination).

Stayman (Winesap) — Delicious, Grimes.

Wealthy — Mcintosh, Eome, Delicious, Yellow Transparent,
Duchess.

AVinesap— Ben Davis. Delicious, Jonathan.

Peach :

All commercial varieties except J. H. Hale and Halberta are self-
fertile.

J. H. Hale — Elberta, Slappy, Carman, Early Elberta.
Hall)erta — Probably same as for J. H. Hale.

Sou?' Cherry: Most varieties self-fertile, but advisal3le to ];)lant more
than one variety.

Japanese Plums: Only hardier varieties adapted in southern Illinois.
Plant Burbank and Abundance together for cropping.

Damson Plums: Common varieties self-fertile and fruit without cross
pollination.

European Plums: Most of varieties adapted in Illinois are partially
self-unfruitful or self-unfruitful. Plant two or more varieties to in-
sure cropping.

Hyhricl and American Plums: Consider every variety self-unfruitful.
Plant more than one variety of the same species. Hybrid and Amer-
ican varieties are not pollinated by European or Damson plums.

Pear: Most of the varieties are partially self-unfruitful or self- un-
fruitful.

Kieffer — Bartlett, Duchess, Flemish Beauty, Garber.

Ga rber— Kieffer.
' Flemish Beauty- — Kieffer, Duchess, Tyson.

Seckel — Kieffer, Duchess, Tyson.

Duchess — ( self -fruitful ) — Kieffer.

Grape: Varieties having reflexed stamens should be planted with vari-
eties having upright stamens.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION". 53

Strair-herries: Pistillate (imperfect) varieties should be planted with
perfect flowered varieties.

Bramhhs and Bush Fruits: Self -fruitful enough to give crops when
single varieties are planted.

There is a problem to consider, when self-unfruitful varieties have
been planted alone or in large "blocks or when varieties are planted to-
gether that are not compatible. In newly planted orchards the better
procedure is to dig up some of the trees and replant with good pollin-
ating varieties. With most planting arrangements if this s^'stem is fol-
lowed, every third or fourth tree in every third or fourth row will,
generally give good results if bees are used in the orchard.

In old orchards, top working a part of the trees with a compatible
pollinating variety can be done. Until the top worked scion wood comes
into flowering, bouqueting can be restored to. Bouqueting as the name
infers, means bringing large flo\ATring limbs of compatible varieties into
the orchard during the blooming season. These limbs should be placed
in buckets or barrels of water. If hives of bees are distributed in the
orcliard, barrels of the flowering branches should be placed about 40
to 50 feet in front of the hive. If no hives are placed in the orchard,
better results are secured if smaller branches are placed in buckets and
■Imng in tops of the trees.

If the following points are observed, when trees are ordered, pol-
lination need not be a problem in later years.

1. Provide for cross-pollination, even for varieties that are known

to be self -fruitful.

2. Have varieties that bloom at the same time.

3. Plant the varieties in rows four to six trees wide rather than in

large isolated blocks.

4. Plant so that no variety is not more than 200 feet from another

variety. _ i

5. Have two good pollinating varieties for each variety because

many varieties are biennial in bearing and blossom only every
other year.
In the bearing orchard crops can be further insured by

1. Keeping the trees in a. vigorous condition.

2. Maintaining stands of bees in the orchard during the blossom-

ing period.

■?' -v::- r" -^^?"^^^

54 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOUETH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

THE ANALYSIS OF 25 ILLINOIS HONEYS AND THE
QUANTITATIVE METHODS USED.^

(G. E. Lynn, V. G. Milum, and D. T. Englis.)

Preliminary to a study of the composition of samples of Illinois
honey^ it became necessary to formulate a scheme of analysis which
would make possible the completion of the work with the greatest ease
and rapidity. In the main, the plan of analysis is that specified for
honey in the methods of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists
(la).^^owever, certain deviations have been made. A brief discussion
of some of the factors involved in the selection of methods for the
individual constituents will be given before a detailed outline of the
actual procedure is presented.

Although the determination of water content by drying in vacuo at
low temperature is perhaps the most accurate for sugar sirups, it re-
quires considerable time and there is always the question as to whether
moisture is completely removed before thermal decomposition begins.
In the refractometric method no danger of thermal destruction of
levulose is possible and the estimation can be made very quickly. The
tables of Schonrock (1) designed for pure sucrose, have been shown to
give erroneous results when applied to honey (2) but correction figures
have been prepared by Marvin (3) which make possible the use of the
refractometric value for this product. These facts were responsible for
its adoption in the experimental work to be reported here.

For the estimation of total reducing sugars the volumetric method
of Lane and Eynon (4) was selected in preference to the official gravi-
metric methods. No loss in precision results (5) and the operations can
be performed much more quickly.

Evaluation of the amounts of the simple sugars, dextrose and
levulose is usually arrived at by a direct determination of one of these
and calculation of the other by difference from the total reducing sugar
expressed as apparent invert sugar. The direct estimation of levulose
by a double temperature polarization has not been found entirely satis-
factory. Temperature control is difficult and frequently trouble is ex-
perienced from leakage at the cover glasses. The selective oxidation
method of Nyns (6) has been examined and extended by Jackson and
Mathews (7) and has already assumed a place of importance in the ex-
amination of levulose products. It has been observed by Schuette and

1 This work was made possible by a portion of the funds aUotted by the Fed-
eral Emergency Relief Administration to the University of Illinois, the Departments
of Chemistry and Entomology cooperating.

^ Samples of honey used in this study were made available through the co-
operation of the following Illinois honey producers : L. Vannis, Harrisburg ; J.
Skinner, Albion ; E. J. Wagner, Mount Sterling ; L.. Peterson and Son, Kewanee ;
Ed. Kommer, Andover ; R. Morrill Batavia ; C. J. Anderson, Morris ; H. Denhart,
Saint Joseph ; C. L. Duax, Chicago ; and H. W. Jones, Cary.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEEEEPEES' ASSOCIATION". 55

Terrill (8) that under the conditions of reduction some cuprous oxide
is formed in a colloidal state and is frequently lost in the process of .
filtration. Jackson and Mathews (7) point out that the copper reagent
is slightly reduced by dextrose and correction can be made for its pres-
ence in the final calculation. Similarly, the use of alkaline iodine for
the selective oxidation of dextrose (9) has a number of limitations.
Chief among these is the fact that substance other than aldoe sugars are
oxidized. The extent and rate of reaction are functions of alkalinity,
time and other factors. Manv of these factors have been studied in
detail and many modifications of conditions for a more satisfactory con-
trol of the reaction have been proposed (5) (10 a, b, c, d). One of these
procedures (lOd) was adopted for use and it is believed that the results
are of the same order of precision as can be obtained by other existing
methods.

The determinations of direct and invert polarization, sucrose, ash,
free acid and dextrin were carried out by the tentative or ofiicial methods
of the A. 0. A. C. (la).

Quantitative Methods.

If the sample for analysis is granulated or in a separated state,
great care must be employed in the sampling. If it has granulated and
sugar has separated, place the container in a water bath at 50° Centi-
grade until it is again entirely liquid. Eemove any appreciable amount
of wax or other extraneous material by straining through a cloth or fine
sieve.

Preparation of the Sample for Sugar Analysis: Weigh out the
normal weight of the sample (26 grams), and transfer to a 100 c.c.
glass stoppered volumetric flask with the aid of water. The total volume
should not exceed 60 to 65 c.c. Dissolve by shaking, and add 5 cc.
of alumina cream, which is prepared in the following manner:

Prepare a cold saturated solution of alum in water. Add am-
monium hydroxide -wdth constant stirring until the solution is alkaline ■ , ■
to litmus. Allow the precipitate to settle, and wash by decantation ^^
with water until the wash water gives only a faint test for sulfates r
with barium chloride solution. Pour off the excess water and store the
residual cream in a stoppered bottle.

Allow the precipitate formed after the addition of the alumina
cream, to settle. Make up to volume using distilled water. If foam
obscures the meniscus, a drop or two of ether will remove it. Filter the
mixed solution through a dry filter, rejecting the first few c.c. of the
filtrate, and keeping the funnel covered with a watch glass to avoid
evaporation. In the following procedures this filtrate will be referred
to as the "clarified honey solution.^

}}

Water.

Connect the jacket around the prisms of a Abbe refractometer to
some suitable water supply, which is maintained at a temperature of
30° Centigrade. Place a drop of the honey on the lower prism and

56 THIETY-THIRD AXD THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL RERORTS OF THE '

swing it into position. After allowing a reasonable time for the honey-
to assume the temperature of the prisms (20° C), take the readings of
ten independent settings and calculate the average refractive index.
In the table previously mentioned (3) find the water percentage corre-
sponding to the refractive index found.

Reducing Sugars.

lane and eynon method (4)

Preparation of Fehling's Solutions: Solution A — Dissolve 34.639
grams of pure copper sulfate in a small amount of water containing
0.5 c.c. of concentrated sulfuric acid. Make up to 600 c.c.

Solution B — Dissolve 173 grams of Rochelle salts (sodium potas-
sium tartrate) and 50 grams of sodium hydroxide in water. Make
up to 500 c.c. Allow to stand for two days and filter through glass wool.

The two solutions are kept separate until needed and then mixed in
equal portions.

Procedure: Pipette 10 c.c. of the clarified honey solution into a
250 c.c. glass stoppered volumetric flask and make up to volume with
distilled water.

Pipette 25 c.c. of the mixed Fehling's solution into a Erlenmeyer
flask of 2-300 c.c. capacity. This is treated in the cold with 1 c.c. less
than the required amount of honey solution needed to reduce all of
the copper. This amount can be determined by increment. Heat the
flask on an electric flask heater, or over a well regulated gas flame using
an asbestos wire gauze. Bring to a boil in two minutes. While in the
state of mild ebuUution add 2 to 3 drops of 1 per cent aqueous methyene
blue solution. Titrate while boiling to a colorless endpoint within one
minute. Observe the titer, which must lie between 15 and 50 c.c, and
find the corresponding factor in the tables made up for 25 c.c. of the
mixed Fehling's solution (lb).

Calculation:
Factor

X 100 = milligrams of reducing sugar in 100 c.c. of

Titer the solution used in the titration.

Dextrose.

lODOMETEIC METHOD (10a).

Preparation of Solutions:

(a) 0.1 IS3" Sodium thiosulfate solution; weigh out 28.5 grams of
sodium thiosulfate and dilute to one liter. After mixing thoroughly
the solution is allowed to stand for two weeks. If free sulfur has
separated, the clear solution is siphoned off. The solution is then
standardized indirectly by titration with potassium dichromate.

(b) 0.5 N Sodium Hydroxide solution; weigh out 20 grams of
sodium hydroxide and dilute to one liter, using boiled distilled water in
the dilution.

(c) 25 per cent Disodium phosphate solution.

' ILLINOIS .STATE BEEKEErERS' ASSOCIATIOX. 67

(d) 0.1 N" Iodine solution; weigh out 12.7 grams of iodine and
50 grams of potassium iodide, make up to one liter, using distilled water.

(e) 0,5 N Sulfuric acid solution; dilute 15 c.c. of concentrated
sulfuric acid to one liter.

(f) Starch Solution; mix one gram of starch with a little water
to make a paste and dilute to 200 c.c, with boiling water.

Procedure: Pipette 10 c.c. of the clarified honey solution into
a 2oO c.c, glass stoppered volumetric flask and dilute to volume with
distilled water.

If'ipette 25 c.c. of the dilute honey solution into a glass stoppered
flask [of 2-300 c.c. capacity. Pipette in 25 c.c. of the 0.1 J^ iodine
solution and mix thoroughly. Add 10 c,c. of 25 per cent disodium
phosphate and 5 c.c. of 0.5 X sodium hydroxide. In a like manner
prepare a blank using distilled water in place of the honey solution.
Allow to stand in a dark place for one hour, considering the time when
made alkaline as the zero time. At the end of the allotted time acidify
with 0.5 X sulfuric acid, with care being taken to see that the solution
is distinctly acid. Titrate the excess iodine with the standard sodium
thiosulfate until a pale yellow color remains. Add 2 c.c. of the starch
solution and titrate to colorless. Repeat with the blank.

Calculation: Determine the difference in c.c, of iodine between the
blank and the solution containing the sample solution. This difference
is converted into milligrams of dextrose per aliquot used by multiplying
the c.c. of 0.1 IST iodine solution by 9.515.

SUCEOSE.
DOUBLE POLARIZATION ^METHOD (la).

Procedure: Direct polarization; polarize a portion of the clarified
honey solution in a 2 decimeter tube at 20° Centigrade. Take ten read-
ings and apply the zero correction to the average.

Invert polarization; measure a 50 c.c. portion of the clarified honey
solution into a glass stoppered 100 c.c. volumetric flask by use of a
pipette. Acidify with 38 per cent hydrochloric acid. Allow to stand
overnight and then make up to volume. Polarize in a 2 decimeter tube
at 20° Centigrade. Take ten readings and apply the zero correction
to the average.

Calculation .

100 (P-I) ^ *:

— j^-r^ — -3- =■ per cent sucrose

Where, ..

P = direct polarization ,

I = invert polarization

t = temperature of both polarizations

58

THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOUKTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Dextrin.

alcoholic precipitation method (la).
Procedure: Weigh out about 8 grams of honey (4 grams if honey-
dew honey) into a 100 c.c. glass stoppered volumetric flask. Add 25 c.c.
of warm ethyl alcohol and shake well until the honey is fully dispersed.
Make up to volume with 95 per cent alcohol and allow to stand for 24
hours. Decant off the clear liquid through a filter, and wash the flask
several times with alcohol, pouring the washings through the same filter.
Dissolve out the precipitate in the flask with boiling water and pour
through the filter. Catch the filtrate in a dry weighed dish (porcelain)
containing 30 grams of 40 mesh sand. Dry in vacuo at a temperature
below 70° centigrade and weigh the precipitate. The precipitate is then
dissolved in water and made up to a definite, volume according to the
following table.

Weight of ppt.

Volume

0.0 - 0.5 grams
0.5-1.0 grams
1.0-2.0 grams
2.0-3.0 grams

50 c.c.
100. c.c.
200 c.c.
250 c.c.

Determine the sugars present and subtract them from the weight
of the alcoholic precipitate, thus giving the true weight of the dextrin
precipitate.

Ash (la).

Procedure: Weigh out 5 to 10 grams of the sample in a platinum
dish of 50 c.c. capacity. The dish should be heated cautiously with a
low fiame until the material begins to char. Then by placing the
flame to the side and top it is possible to promote the charring without
excessive foaming. Ignite at a low red heat (600°C), place in a desic-
cator and weigh.

Free Acid (la).

Procedure: Weigh out 25 grams of honey, and place in an Erlen-
meyer flask of 2-300 c.c. capacity. Dilute to 100 c.c. with previously
boiled water and add 2 to 3 drops of phenolphthalein. Titrate to the
first pink with 0.1 N" sodium hydroxide. Express as formic acid.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATIOlSr.

59

.

s

r/)

o

W

^

hJ

M^

Plh

X.

S

o

<:

^

w.

SE

K"

s

W

O

Z

c

o

>>

tn

ft

r/1

oJ

p— 1

C

O

03

??;

ft

HH

??^,

hJ

>J

fl

hH

C

|SH

o

O

l>

b(l

C

C»

o

>^

-f^

a

12:

a.

<

a.

0

"3

2

K-<

TJ

o

1

H

1

crj

a

h-l

h

w

o

Z

-ufi

•X'^ipioY

•tisy

OOOOOOOOOC<l»-ilMOOOO<M^O^OiMOtMrt

•ninxaQ

■^.-<>ocooiMcoe^Ooooo>'^iooo<M'»i<ocoo5C«occoeco
iMOO'-'i-H,-HO©o»-i,-i,-iOOOe<ieo-Hcq.-i.-<r-cO(Mco

•asoiong

o<Mr-t^05coooo3kaT}<(M<M>-ii-i'>tit»,-)0»n'»'coO'-iTji

•aS0J:|.X8Q

CO CO CC CO CO CO-CO cccoc^cocococococccococococococococo

•asojTiAa^

icco-'j^oicccoi— tcq,— i^-co'^<»c<iTrcooiccckO»o-<j'Oocc^

t>-00OO0»00OO0st^'— 'OsOi— »C005C<»0^^00(MIOO:000
COC»5^^COeO'^^CO'»»'Tj<C«5'9<'^T)He<3'«S<'«l<T»<CO'«J<COCOCOT}t

■JBSns

:;J3AUI

•ja^BAi

r^OOOC<JCOCDOOOOOlO»«CD00500W50300CO*-HlCOl«C<IOS
ICC^COC<l':01000050»r^'^C^Tj<IOlOOOOTjiCQ05*OlCC*4COCD

t^<>4cOcO'^W5t^t-*cOcOt^O»0»CCOTtiiO'«S<OOe^<:COCOW^W5

coowsoocooocooococooocoot^cDcooo-^oo

lO»n;Cr^li3CD»ClCCOOi»OtOCDCDt^cOCC:t^OOOOC»C'^CCt^

•noT:j.'B^U'Bioj;

c^'^ioc^o»ooc<ic^oo50sccr^^HC<ioio<:ccoc^coocooas
cooocoo50'^r^t~oooseo'^-*'^»or-io»o>-iooio>noco5D

o

ft

■a

I'd

4J

1 t 1 1

1 1 t 1

t 1 1
1 1 t

1 1 1 1
till

o o

QJ O

o t»

I I I

-a 'TS

o ' o
oioxcoxoxooxxoxxoooxxoxox

03
a
o

►-1

3

o

c3

a

3

2;

0 s c s c

x: tiC bC bC bC bC

ft'S '5 'S 'S 'S, ^

c c c

bC bC bC ;^

ss|j^s.aftftagsaEft5og.sj
a^^-cl a a a a a II a a all I §-

. E'^ iS 03 (3 (3 13 ^"O 03 o3 o3'a^ f .-

C3

c3 fl
03 . . £■"= i3 03 (3 (3 13 gTS 03 03 o3'a"^ ?43 g §:o-" 03 Jj

^iiii o^j^x:j5^j= « ajsjsx a^ o o3 o^Sjs-c os

Si:
>^
^—

c^ CS

m hi IH . '

4> a> Si
Q-O > > ?

>T3«*- -tJ -W -ti

B c8 cj a> ©
-o5 ^ ^ ^

0) « o
>> >

-«^ -(^ -»d
« o m
<o <D s>

>^ ^
cocooc

„ :» hi hi

© ^ 03 CJ

>'Ti> >
ScSS

O 03 u u

© o © ©
© e © ©

CCODCOOC

© © ©"5

§§§!

© © O'g

hi hi hirK

03 cS c3 ©

© O © 3

.M .»^ .^ .^
o3 03 o3 ^
© © © ©

^^ ^ >

© u u ©
3 3 P 3

©.is
ftf^ _

t> hi'r^^ hi

© © 3 c ©
O Owg o
^^ ©^^
03 03 GO fl C93

^i ^< ^fl< "(J* '^ ^JH CO CO C*S !>■ ^* €"5 CO CO CO ^* '^ ^* ^* ''1* ^* ^* ^^ OO ^#

cocoeococoeocoeococ<ieocococoeoeoeocoeocoeoeoeoc^eo
03 O Oft Od O) Od OA 03 0> 03 03 0> 03 Oi Oi 03 O) OS 9 O) 03 Od o% O) o>

'-ie<ieo^»0 50t^ooo»0'-ic<ieo^i»sot~ooosO'-ie<icOTj<>o

60 thikty-thikd and thikty-foueth annual repokts of the

Additional History of the Honey Samples.

1. This sample taken from sections was evidently largely dandelion
with possibly a small amount of fruit bloom nectar. A colony on
scales in the University apiary at Champaign gained 43 pounds during
a 13 day period from April 28 to May 10, during which there was an
abundance of dandelion bloom with a continuous period of fair weather.
This honey granulated quickly in the combs and again after reheating.

2. This sample was reported as probably largely alfalfa with bees
working it feverishly. 1934 — a drouth year — apparently was favorable
for nectar secretion from alfalfa and seed production which is not com-
mon in Illinois except in drouth years.

3. From same apiary as Sample No. 2 at a later date and possibly
contained some alfalfa but predominately sweet clover.

4. Extracted honey gathered in July, granulated solid when re-
ceived in jSTovembei".

5. Sweet clover honey which possibly contained some Hubam.

6. Sweet clover comb honey.

7. Extracted from completely sealed combs of honey flow from
June 9 to July 1, 1933. and removed from bees before August 1,
without contamination with honey from fall flow. This is sample
D (7) of an accompanying article.

8. Comb honey gathered during same period as Sample Xo. 7.
Note : Similarity of chemical analysis.

9. Similar to Sample No. 7, except extracted from combs not
completely capped, thus being honey gathered during latter part of
summer honey flow, although check colony on scales showed no gain
after July 1st. This is Sample C (9).

10. Comb honey of 1927, a year of considerable flow from white
or Dutch clover as well as sweet clover. Honev considerablv darkened
in 1934.

11.' Sweet clover comb honey.

12. Probably sweet clover honey, with special heating to prevent
granulation, but with slight granulation, November, 1934.

13. Extracted from completely sealed combs filled from August
20 to September 13, 1933, removed from bees October 5-12, possibly some
late fall flower honey. This is sample B (13).

14. Comb honey gathered during same period as Sample No. 13.
Note the similarity of chemical analysis.

15. Similar to Sample No. 13, except extracted from combs not
completely capped, thus being honey gathered during latter part of fall
honey flow. This is sample A (15).

16. Estimated as containing approximately 80 per cent buckwheat,
some sweet clover and possibly some heartsease. Heated to 140° F.

17. Probably from two varieties of buckwheat.

18. Buckwheat comb honey.

19. Buckwheat comb honey.

20. Stored in September from buckwheat with some fall flowers.
Partially granulated.

ILLIJs'OIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION". 61

21. Probably largely heartsease with some golden rod and other
fall flowers.

22. Fall flowers not listed.

23. Squeezed from newly drawn combs before completely ripened.
Thought to be aster honey as there were no other plants in bloom.
Slightly granulated in N'ovember.

24. A dark thick 1928 fall honey of unknown source, not granu-
lated up to 1935,

25. Wild aster, Spanish needle, golden rod and other fall flowers.

Discussioisr.

Precision in the estimation of sucrose by double polarization may
suffer because of a number of possible errors. In general these are more
significant when the proportion of sucrose in the mixture is small ; which
unfortunately is the case in most samples of honey. Particular attention
must of course be taken in having the temperature of both direct and
invert readings the same since optical value at either time is greatly
altered by change in temperature of the solution. Because of the con-
venience of the method it is preferred to chemical methods.

The choice of a method for the determination of dextrin is limited.
The only 'one which seems generally applicable is the official alcoholic
precipitation method. It is recognized that tte dextrin precipitate con-
tains gums and allied substances which are likewise insoluble in alcohol.
Thus the apparent dextrin content of a certain sample may seem rather
high, whereas the whole of the alcoholic precipitate may not be due
entirely to dextrin.

The determination of free acidity offers no difficulty except in the
choice of an indicator. Some samples of the dark varieties are hard
to titrate because of the obscure endpoint. Of the various indicators
used, phenolphthalein has been found to be the most satisfactory.

Granulation was noted in samples numbered 1, -1. v, 9, 11, 13, 20
and 23. The dandelion sample (Xo. 1) had the greatest tendency
towards granulation even after heating. This was undoubtedly due to
the high dextrose content. All samples were levorotary. Sample Xo. 2
exhibited a high sucrose content which was due to the floral scource,
alfalfa, and not to cane sugar feeding as might be suspected. Because
of the drouth conditions, the water content for the 193-4 Illinois Honeys
was lower than would be expected in seasons of normal rainfall. The
excess of water in sample 23 was due to an unripe condition. This
excess no doubt caused a slight fermentation, which accounts in part
for the high acidity and unpleasant taste.

The undetermined matter (besides pollen grains and wax particles)
consists of albuminoids, fixed and volatile acids, coloring matter, aromatic
bodies (terpenes, etc), higher alcohols (mannitol, etc.) and various
other bodies of unknown character.

62 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIKTY-FOUETH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Literature Cited.

1. (a) Methods of Analysis, A. O. A. C, 1930, page 387. (b) page 527.

2. Fulmer, Park, Bosck and Buchanan, Amer. Bee. J,, 74:208 (1934).

3. Marvin, American Bee J., 74:212 (1934).

4. Lane and Eynon, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 42 T.: 32 (1923); J. A. 0. A. C,
12:38 (1929).

5. Lathrop and Holmes, Ind. and Eng. Chem.: Anal Ed., 3:334 (1931).

6. Nyns, Chemical Abstracts, 19:1236 (1925).

7. Jackson and Mathews, Bur. Std. J. Research, 8:403 (1932).

8. Schuette and Terrill, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 52:4960 (1930).

9. Romijn, Z. Anal. Chem., 36:349 (1897).

10. (a) Auerbach and Bodlander, Z. Angew Chem., 36:602,(1923);

(b) Hinton and Macara, Analyst, 49:2 (1924);

(c) Kline and Acree, Ind. and Eng. Chem.: Anal. Ed., 2:413 (1930);

(d) Dykins and Englis, Ind. and Eng. Chem.: Anal. Ed., 3:21 (1931).

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 63

THE EFFECT OF METHODS OF PROCESSING, HEATING

AND STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE CRYSTAL-

UZATION OF ILLINOIS HONEYS.^

V. G. MiLUM, G. E. Lynn, and K. T. Crum, University of Illinois.

In order to obtain some evidence of the influence of various factors
on the crystallization of Illinois honeys after preparation for market,
four different lots of honey were collected from the University of Illi-
nois Apiary in 1933. These were subjected to different methods of
treatment and then stored at various temperatures as indicated in the
following tables and descriptions.

History of Honey Samples:

Sample D (7) : Extracted from fully capped combs containing
honey, gathered from flow^ extending from June 9 to July 1, 1933,
removed from colonies previous to August 1. Predominately sweet
clover.

Sample C (9) : Extracted from partially capped combs of same
period as D (7). Probably contained additional small amount of
nectar of miscellaneous midsummer flowers.

Sample B (13) : Extracted from fully capped combs containing
honey gathered from fllow extending from August 20 to September 13,
removed from colonies October 5 to 12. Honey was predominately heart-
sease or smartweed with possibly slight amounts of summer honey
included.

Sample A (15) : Extracted from partially capped combs of same
period as B (13) : Honey was predominately heartsease with possibly
small amounts of late fall flower honey.

The supers containing the honey were stored in the honey house
after removal from the colonies on the dates as indicated until October
16-17 when separate extractions were made of the selected samples using
a steam heated power uncapping knife (water eliminated) and a rotary
extractor. Approximately 120 pound samples of each lot were strained
through ordinary wire screen cloth without heating and stored in five
gallon cans. Five pound samples of each were saved for the chemical
composition analysis as given in Table 1.

* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of
Illinois, No. 172.

=" The period of the honey flows was determined from records of a colony on
scales which indicated that the early summer honey flow ended on July 1st
with no further gains until August 20 to September 13 after which there were no
further gains.

64 thirty-third and thirty-fourth annual reports of the

Processing Procedure.

Heating Temperature :

Of each of the samples D (7), C (9), B (13) and A (15), four
lots of 20 pounds each (16 lots of 20 pounds each) were heated in
water baths to temperatures of 130°r, 145°F, 160°F and 180°F and
held at these points respectively for 30 minutes before straining.

Types of Strainers After Heating: Each of the sixteen diiferent
samples Avere then divided into three portions which were strained through
the different types of strainers as follows:

(F) strainer was silk bolting cloth of 86 mesh or strands to the
inch which is comparable to the requirements for U. S. Fancy grade
of extracted honey which is required to be as clean as if strained through
the same. It is to be noted that the individual threads of such cloth
are extremely fine and clear cut with no frayed fibers to impede the pro-
gress of the honey or particles that might be in suspension in the honey.

(S) strainer Avas an ordinary flour sack cloth of 48 mesh to the
inch which is commonly used by beekeepers in straining honey. Due
to the many loose fibers extending from the individual mesh this cloth
apparently has actual filter pores of less size than the preceding silk
bolting cloth of 86 mesh to the inch. Evidence in the tables of granu-
lation support this idea.

(M) strainer was a standard filter cloth for milk strainers or
outing flannel of 46 mesh to the inch which was supplied by the Dairy
Manufacturing Division, College of Agriculture, University of Illinois.
Due to the heavy nap on one surface of this cloth it naturally gives
filter pores of small sizes which impeded and prevented the passage of
honey as well as the suspended particles in the honey such as pollen,
flakes of wax and unmelted crystals, the latter of which serve as nuclei
for further granulation.

Temrerature of Storage.

Of each of the four different original samples of honey heated at
temperatures of 130, 145, 160 and 180°F. for 30 minutes and then
strained through the three diiferent types of strainers, ten samples of
each were placed in glass containers and stored at ten diiferent tem-
peratures from December 14. 1933, to December 31, 1934, when the
amount of granulation in per cent was recorded as given in Tables 2-5.
The storage temperatures recorded in the first left hand column of
the tables were practically constant except for the following:

Two sets of one pound samples were stored in an ordinary class
room in which the temperatures varied from near 70° F. to outside
summer temperatures as high as 106 °F. The second of the samples at
room temperatures (room) was covered to exclude the light while the
first stood on an exposed shelf. All other samples were stored in card-
board containers. Half pound samples were stored at all other tem-
peratures except test tubes samples at the three lower temperatures. ^

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION,

65

Samples stored at 77°F. and 59 °F. were constantly at. these tempera-
tures with variations of only a fraction of a degree while at the lower
temperatures the variation amounted to only a few degrees.

Samples listed at (32°F.) and (0°F.) storage temperature were
kept at these temperatures for approximately 6 months and then by
accident moved up to the 40 °F. storage temperature.

On account of the large number of samples to be prepared and
treated during the limited working hours available, the actual pro-
cessing extended from ISTovember 14 to December 14, 1933, at which
time the various samples were placed in their respective storage tem-
perature chambers.

Determination of Cjiystallization.

The percentage of crystallization of the honeys as reported in
Table 2 to 5 were read on December 31, 1934, slightly more than a year
after being placed at the various storage points. \

To determine the amount of crystallization in per cent a rule with
100 divisions equal to the column of honey in the jars was used as a
measuring guage. However, due to the fact that there was more or
less uneven settling of the crystals, estimates had to be made of the
approximate level if the crystals were settled out. Comparisons were
made with other samples in various groups from time to time so that
percentages even though not exact are relative as to the other samples.

For very slight amounts of crystallization the amount is recorded
as a trace (T) with the use of T^, Tg, Tg, T^, Tg representing increas-
ingly smaller amounts. All samples recorded as having a trace (T)
were not sufficiently granulated to be objectionable to the retail trade,
while Tg where listed represented only one or two small crystals.

table 1— chemical composition of honey samples.

Number.

D (7)
(8)
C (9)
B(13)
(14)
A (15)

Polar-
ization.

—17.0
—17.2
—18.2
—14.6
—14.7
—15.1

Water.

15.90
15.80
16.16
16.63
16.60
17.60

Invert
sugar.

77.88
77.90
76.98
75.40
75.59
73.58

Levu-

lose.

40.15
40.23
39.15
40.67
41.20
43.43

Dex-
trose.

37.53
37.67
37.83
34.73
34.39
30.15

Sucrose.

Dex-
trin.

0.33
0.34
0.04
0.42
0.53
0.88

Ash.

0.07
0.07
0.05
0.09
0.09
0.08

Acidity.

0.15
0.15
0.17
0.11
0.10
0.01

Un-
deter-
mined.

2.66
2.71
4.64
5.09
4.98
6.72

Note. — This table is condensed from a table by G. E. Lynn, V. G. Milum and D. T. Englis in "The
Analysis of 25 Illinois Honeys and the Quantitative Methods Used," appearing in the Annual Report of
the Illinois State Beekeepers' Association for 1933-1934.

Sanaples (8) and (14) were sections of comb honey gathered and stored during the same correspond-
ing periods as Samples D (7) and B (13) respectively. Note the similarity of chemical analysis or
composition.

-5 B R

66 THIETY-THIKD AXD THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPOETS OF THE

TABLE 2— PERCENTAGE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF HONEY SAMPLE D (7)
(1933 SWEET CLOVER FROM FULLY CAPPED COMBS.)

t

130° F.

145° F.

160° F.

180° F.

t

F

s

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

*9S° F..

Room -

13
11
7
35
50
60
80
20

6

2

2

10

30

15

2

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.6

20

25

4

T

T

4

1

0.5

4

4

10

0.5

T

0.2
0.2
T
2
5
7
T

T3

T
T

Ts
O.S
2
0.5
Ti

T4

(Room)

77° F

59° F

Ti

T2

50° F

T4

40° F

C32° F.)

(0° F.)

— 10°F

-

* See description in body of article for variations of storage temperatures listed in left hand column
of all tables.

+ Temperatures to which samples heated for 30 minutes.

t Strainers: F, silk bolting cloth; S, flour sack; M, milk strainer.

I

TABLE 3— PERCENTAGE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF HONEY SAMPLE C (9)
(1933 SWEET CLOVER PLUS SUMMER FLOWERS.)

+

+

130° F.

145° F.

160° F.

180° F.

t

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

»98° F

Room

18
15
10
45
65
60
45
20

10

9

3

30

40

30

15

8

3
1
1

15
50
45
20
0.3

1

1

0.5

5

30

6

1

T

0.3

0.2

Ti

2

10

5

T

T2

T
T

T3

3
2

1
To

Ts

T4

(Room) .

77° F

59° F -

50° F

Ti
T

T3

T2

T4

40° F

(32° F.)

To

T4

(0° F.)

—10° F

TABLE 4— PERCENTAGE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF HONEY SAMPLE B (13)
(1933 HEARTSEASE FROM FULLY CAPPED COMBS.)

+

130° F.

145° F.

160° F.

180° F

t

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

*9S° F

Room

T2

T
Ts
2.5

15
0.5

T

T3

T2

T

Ts

2

10

2

Ti

Ts

T3

T

T4

1.5

20

1

T

Ts

T2
T2
T4

0.5

5

0.5

T2
T3

To

T3
T4

0.5
4

1
Ts

T4

Ts
Ts

T4

T

1

0.5

T2
T4

(Room) .-

77° F

59°-F ..

50° F

Ti
0.3

T

T
T

40° F

(32° F.)

Ts

(0°F.)

— 10°F

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION.

67

TABLE 5— PERCENTAGE OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF HONEY SAMPLE A (15)
(1933 HEARTSEASE PLUS LATE FALL FLOWERS.)

t

130° F.

145° F.

160° F.

180° F.

t

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

F

S

M

*98°F :

Room

(Room)

77° F

59° F

6.2

1

2
Ti

T2

1.0

2

5

Ti

Ti

T

0.5

3

30

T

T

1
1

V

T4

T
0.5
0.3
Ta

T2

0.3
0.7
Ti

50° F -

40° F

(32° F.) -.

T

(0°F.)

—10° F

Discussion of Eesults.

Effect of Processing Temperature: A study of Tables 2-5 shows
that 130°F. for 30 minutes is not sufficient to prevent granulation at any
of the storage temperatures except the extremes of (98°F.) and (-10°r.)
which are impractical. At (98°F.) all samples were extremely dark in
color and would be considered unsalable.

A temperature of 145 °F. for 30 minutes is considered satisfactory
for heating of honey to kill yeast germs which may later cause fermenta-
tion after granulation. However, this temperature is not sufficient to
prevent granulation at all of the storage temperatures although nearly
satisfactory at 77°F. the temperature of storage which seems most nearly
ideal of those tested.

A heating temperature of 160°F. or 180°F. apparently was sufficient
to prevent all granulation except in a few cases. However, these sam-
ples were darkened somewhat by the higher temperature with still
further changes taking place during storage especially at the higher
temperatures of storage. Lack of sufficient observations at this time
prevents making any more definite statements. Further experiments
and observations are to be made along this line.

Type of Strainer: The type of strainer apparently produced a
marked effect for the honey strained through the 86 mesh bolting cloth
was granulated to a greater extent or equal to one of the others in all
but one of each set of 40 samples at each heating or processing tem-
peratures. The ordinary flour sack strainer of 48 mesh with smaller
pores due to loose strands of the fibers was far better while the outing
flannel except in a few cases at colder storage temperatures was better
than the milk strainer. This is apparently because of its finer pore or
filter size due to the nap of the cloth. However, it was found that it
was harder to get the honey strained through the milk strainer cloth
which would necessitate more frequent changing of the cloth if operating
on a larger scale.

At the higher temperature of processing the type of strainer ap-
parently was not so important, although evident, because of the crystals
which serve as seed for cr5^stallization had been melted and hence less

68 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

to strain out. The finer strainer would of course remove other particles
in suspension which would not likely be removed by the silk bolting
cloth even of finer mesh but of greater filter or pore size.

Effect of Storage Tempeorature: While there was no granulation
of any of the samples at the extremes of (98°F.) and (-10°F.) both of
these are impractical and besides the extreme discoloration at the higher
temperature renders it undesirable.

A glance at Tables 2-5 shows that if honeys subject to granulation
are not processed at sufiBciently high temperatures to prevent granula-
tion, then a storage temperature of 77 °r. proved to be the best in the
prevention of granulation of those tested. Eecommendations have been
made by others to store honey at temperature near 50 °F. to prevent fer-
mentation after granulation. However, the results here indicate the
combined total of granulation of the 48 samples stored at 50 °F. is greater
than the combined total of the 48 samples stored at any other tem-
perature.

The storage temperatures below (50°F.) shows increasing less granu-
lation with none at (-10°F.) which is apparently due to the viscosity or
thickness of the honey which prevents the formation of the crystals.
However, these lower temperatures are impractical because of the cost
of refrigeration.

Effect of Typei of Honey: It is generally true with honeys that
the higher the relative amount of levulose sugar in the honey as com-
pared to dextrose the less granulation will be present under the same
set of conditions and treatment. This is due to the fact that a part of
the greater dextrose content is unable to stay in solution at a given
temperature.

In this series of samples, the greatest amount of granulation
occurred in sample C (9) followed by D (7) with considerably less in
B (13) and A (15) in the order named. Consulting Table 1, we see
that C (9) has the smallest percentage of levulose and the greatest per-
centage of dextrose, the sugar that crystallizes out most easily. Sample
D (7) being higher in levulose and lower in dextrose shows less crystal-
lization while B (13) and A (15) showing increasing amounts of
levulose and decreasing amounts of dextrose which is evident from the
Table 1 and by the amount of crystallization. It is to be noted that
at (77°F.) and above, sample A (15) shows no evidence of granulation
even at processing temperatures of 130°F. which is entirely unsatisfac-
tory for samples D (7) and C (9). It is thus apparent that the pro-
cessing temperature necessary to prevent granulation is dependent not
only upon the storage temperature but upon the chemical composition
of the honey, especially, the relative amounts of levulose and dextrose.

Summary and Conclusion.

Judging from the results of these observations the procedure neces-
sary for the successful processing of honey to prevent granulation in
storage depends upon the types of honey to be processed and the tem-
perature at which it is to be stored.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 69

The smallest amount of granulation consideringvall the samples
and treatments occurred at the storage temperature of 77 °F. which is
probably somewhere near the ideal which further investigation should
discover.

At the best storage temperature studied of 77°F., heating to 145°F.
for processing and straining was almost satisfactory for 0.5 of a per
cent in only two samples was the greatest amount of granulation which
would not be objectionable to the retail trade. While 160°F. heating
prevented all granulation at 77 °F. storage temperature, with only a
trace at other temperatures, due to the slight discoloration when heated
to that temperature for 30 minutes a shorter period or lower tempera-
ture is apparently desirable. Possibly with further tests a temperature
to that temperature for 30 minutes a shorter period or Jower tempera-
near 150° F. for 30 minutes will be found to be desirable for the type
of honeys in question.

Except for removal of smaller particles in suspension the strainer
is not as important as the storage temperature except where the latter
cannot be controlled.

The amount of granulation as affected by the type of strainer
indicates that a cloth of the milk strainer or flour sack type is desirable
because of the decreased filter or pore size due to the nap of the cloth.
One should be selected that will allow the ready passage of the honey
when heated to the desired temperature.

Briefly summarizing from the above results honeys to be put up
in glass containers or even in tin containers for the retail trade should
be processed by heating to approximately 150°F. for 30 minutes in a
water bath, then strained through cloth of mesh and nap of ordinary
flour sacking or slightly finer and stored at constant temperatures
near 77°F.

70 THIRTY-THIRD AISTD THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

DISEASES OF ADULT BEES.^

(V. G. MiLUM AND B. D. Burks, University of Illinois.)

The following is an attempt to list the various adult bee diseases,,
their symptoms, occurrence, and suggestions for treatment where known.
Although only a few of the diseases herewith listed are definitely known
to be present in the State of Illinois, it is quite possible that several not
listed as such are prevalent within the State,

Paralysis. -^

The name paralysis has been applied to a quite vague condition of
sickness of adult bees, often noticed at various times of the year. The
symptoms are marked : the bees lose the ability to fly, but they quiver
the wings spasmodically, the abdomen becomes much distended, and the
body color becomes a shining black. The bees in this condition are
usually focibly ejected by the more healthy members of the colony (33).
Outside the hive, the bees often climb up grass stems or other like objects
and by their violent trembling and intermittent movements of the legs
and wings, are very conspicuous. Having died, the bodies of the affected
bees quickly decompose, giving off an odor which has been variously de-
scribed as like that of decaying fish, or like foul brood.

As to the cause for this ailment there is no general agi*eement.
Thuresson (34) attributes these symptoms to the attack of various kinds
of fungi ordinarily pathogenic to man and animals. These fungi
{Aspergillus Mucor, and various yeasts) are supposed to grow on the
combs and then be ingested by the bees. However, the disease has been
known to appear in hives where the equipment was all new and not
moulded. Bacteria have also been designated as the cause of paralysis,
but cultural experiments have not been very consistent (38). The
bacteria accused of causing this disease are, also, often to be found in
healthy bees.

Paralysis occurs spontaneously, often with no very probable pre-
disposing factor; the disease is encountered wherever honey bees are
kept. It is possible that this malady of bees is, in actuality, several
5.ifferent, obscure diseases, or it may be no disease at all, but simply
poisoning.

Burnside (16), whose conclusion that paralysis is a poorly-under-
stood disease is certainly justified, has performed some controlled experi-
ments with it. He transferred brood from healthy colonies to diseased
ones, and part of the bees developing from this brood became diseased.
On the other hand, brood from diseased colonies, when transferred to

* Contribution from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illi-
nois, No. 171.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 71

healthy colonies, developed without showing the disease. He, thus, in-
dicates that paralysis may be an infectious disease transferrable from
diseased to well bees.

The senior author has observed a form of paralysis similar to the
description given in the first paragraph excepting that the abdomens in-
stead of being swollen and distended were shrivelled. This condition
was noticed in colonies at Madison, Wisconsin, and at Carbondale, Cham-
paign and St. Joseph, 111. In colonies suffering from these symptoms
there seemed to be no evidence of transmission to nearby colonies. After
requeening the disease disappeared.

On two different occasions our attention has been called to appar-
ently paralysed bees in front of hives with the declaration that the bees
were infested with mites which upon examination proved to be nothing
more than milkweed pollen in which the bees legs were entangled. How-
ever, at first sight this appears to be a form of paralysis.

ISTosEMA Disease.

This is the most important disease of adult bees during the spring
and early summer, but it is not particularly malignant (28). The dis-
ease, caused by Nosema apis., a microsporidian protozoan, is infectious
and affects workers, queens, and drones, but does not affect the brood.
The protozoan attacks the walls of the midintestine and, occasionally,
the Malpighian tubules, and it can be produced artificially in adult bees
by feeding honey containing the spores of the parasite.

The parasite has a simple life history. The spores leave the body
of the host with the excrement and are ingested without change by the
adult bee. The digestive fluids in the midintestine of the new host aid
in dissolving the spore covering. The young protozoan emerges from
the spore and invades an epithelial cell of the midintestine. All parts
of the alimentary canal having a chitinous intima are impervious to
attack. Having invaded an epithelial cell, the protozoan grows and
multiplies, and soon again produces spores. These often completely fill
the epithelial cell. The diseased cells break away from the wall of the
midintestine and disintegrate, thus liberating the spores into the stomach
contents, allowing them to be carried out with the excreta.

In sections of the diseased epithelium, the glistening spores are
quite obvious, while the other stages of the parasite are obscure. The
spores are oval, deeply-staining, 4.2 x 2.5 microns.

The infection is spread by robbing and the water supply, if not
rapidly flowing. Flowers, wind, bee supplies, and the clothing and
hands of the beekeeper are not very likely to be instrumental in spread-
ing an infection of Nosema disease. Dead bees about the hive are not
dangerous unless they contaminate the water supply.

This disease occurs in most countries of Europe, England, Canada,
and the United States (28) ; in Germany, this disease has long been
known as Die Kuhr (32). White (39) reports that Nosema has been
found in 27 different states of the IJnited States, including the plains
of the Mississippi Valley.

72 THIETY-THIRD AND rHlllTY-FOUETH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Under date of March 13, 1935, we have been advised by the Bee
Culture Laboratory of the Bureau of Entomology at Washington, D. C.
that their records show that Nosema infected bees have been received
from the following Illinois counties in the years indicated: Adams —
1931; Carroll— 1921 ; Cook— 1920, 1923; DuPage— 1923 (3 cases from
the same apiary); Kankakee— 1931 ; Moultrie— 1922; Will— 1924;
Woodford — 1931; Vermilion — 1929. This would indicate that the dis-
ease is probably quite prevalent in Illinois.

Tests on virulence of the organism gave these results : Spores are
killed by being heated in water at 58°C. (136.4°F.), for 10 minutes,
and in honey 59 °C. is the lethal point. Spores dried at room tempera-
ture remained virulent 2 months, those dried at 37.5 °C. remained viru-
lent 3 weeks, and when dried at about 5°C. virulence was retained
nearly 8 months. When dry, the spores resisted direct sunlight from 15
to 32 hours, and in water, they resisted sunlight 37 to 50 hours. Spores
remained virulent in honey stored at room temperature for 2 to 4
months. The spores in the bodies of dead bees kept at room temperature
lost virulence in 4 weeks, but dead bees lying on soil did not cease to
be infective until 44 to 70 days. A 1% solution of carbolic acid killed
all spores in 10 minutes (39).

On the basis of symptoms, this disease is to be recognized by the
colony being weak in spring, especially if the brood is normal and suf-
ficient stores are present. If the bees are infected with Nosema apis,
the stomachs of field bees will appear swollen and light in color; in ad-
vanced stages of infection the stomach wall is chalky and is easily torn,
and the tissues appear milky when crushed (7). Microscopic examina-
tion is necessary to definitely diagnose the disease.

This disease usually disappears spontaneously as summer progresses,
as the weaker bees are eliminated. However, weak or failing colonies
should be united with strong colonies, or be re-queened.

t

Amoeba Disease.

The Amoeba disease is almost always found associated with the
Nosema disease. The causal organism, Malpighamoeha melUfica, is
found only in the Malpighian tuhules, where its multiplication event-
ually causes occlusion of the tubules. The ultimate effect is to seriously
impair the excretory functions of these organs (8). The disease appears
in colonies which appear to have wintered well, but lose numbers grad-
ually during April and May, despite normal production of eggs during
that time, and finally die out completely in early summer. The bees do
not appear in numbers dead around the hive, but their excrement will
be found soiling the hive and the surrounding ground, and from this
excrement the spores of the protozoan can be obtained.

This disease is quite rare in Europe, and has only once been reported
in America (14). In the diseased bees the spores of this protozoan
may be observed in the Malpighian tubules, but as a differential diag-
nosis based on symptoms, between this disease and Nosema is very hard
to make, it is very likely that this disease will not often be reported.
In any case, it may be the cause of some instances of so-called Spring
Dwindling.

illinois state beekeepeks' association. 73

. Infective Mycosis.

The term Mycosis includes all diseases due to fungi. Thus, it
may include Paralysis, and it does include May disease and the diseases
that have been ascribed to Aspergillus, Mucor, Pericystis, Clostridium,
and the yeasts.

In 1926, Lardinois (22) claimed to have found the causal organism
of May disease, one of the most destructive diseases of adult bees, in
Europe. His results have been discussed by Burnside (17) and especial-
ly by Angelloz-Nicaud. Lardinois, in studying bees diseased with May
sickness, claimed to have found Saccharomyce-s apiculatus constantly
associated with lesions in the wall of the intestine. He found some
pupae which had been thrown out from a hive infected with May disease,
and as the pupae were dead, Lardinois concluded that they had died of
that disease. He then made cultures in w^ater and honey froin some
of the tissues of the dead pupae; in all his cultures the characteristic
odor of hydromel was quickly produced. On the basis of this, Lardinois
came to the surprising conclusion that the May disease is caused by
the same organism that ferments mead. Obviously this is the paorest
kind of scientific proof, and his conclusions have no validity whatever.
Angelloz-Nicaud (5) attempted to obtain pure cultures of this yeast
in order to perform inoculation experiments with it on bees, but he
failed to obtain pure cultures of the yeast from bees.

However, various fungi are constantly associated with this disease,
so that it has become known in Germany as the Mucorine disease ( 32) . If
Thuresson (34) is correct in his conclusions. May disease will probably
prove to be identical with Paralysis. The s}Tiiptoms, at least in the
adult, are identical for each, but May disease attacks both brood and
adults. The abdomens of the affected bees become distended, the power
of flight is lost, and the bee takes on a shiny black appearance due to
the loss of its covering of hair.

Burnside (18) found that a fungus, Mucor Memilis, may infect
internally and kill young bees in the hive should they be exposed
to temperatures near 20°C. (68°F.). Under normal conditions the loss
of bees from this cause is of little importance since young bees usually
remain on the brood combs where the temperature is several degrees
above that at which the fungus can attack. When bees are old enough
to leave the hive they are no longer susceptible. Burnside states that
several Mucors commonly occur in bee hives as saprophytic organisms.

• Septicaemia.

In 1928 Burnside (15) described a new disease of honey bees, a
septicaemia caused by Bacillus apisepticus. This disease is highly fatal,
but has been encountered but once. The causal organisms were found
both in the blood of the bees and in the soil surrounding the hives.
Inoculations with the bacteria produced the disease in healthy bees;
queens were more resistant than workers and drones. The disease seems
to be favored by excessive moisture and shade around the hive. This
disease, is, as yet, of unknowm potentiality.

74 thirty-third and thirty-fourth annual reports of the

Myiasis.

In 1930 Angelloz-Mcaud (1), while studying some diseased adult
bees discovered them to be suffering from myiasis caused by an uniden-
tified fly. The fly larva could be induced to attack both living bees
and ones Just killed; they buried themselves in the tissues of the
thorax of the host. He was, however, not able to rear these flies to
maturity.

Curled-Wing Disease.

Angelloz-Nicaud (4) also describes a disease he calls the curled-
wing disease. In this rare disease, the costal margin of the wings
becomes perforated, and discolored. The condition is described as being
like tissue "eaten out by a cancer." The use of the wings is eventually
lost, and the bees perish. Needless to say, this disease does not occur
widely.

Paratyphosis.

Sturges (33) states that he has seen no cases of Paratyphosis in
England, although the disease is commonly encountered on the continent
of Europe. However, from Angelloz-Nicaud's account of the disease
(6), it appears doubtful that this is a distinct disease. In 1920, Bahr
examined some bees presenting the sjnnptoms of May disease, and
identified a bacterium from them. He designated this organism
Bacillus paratyphus alvei and presented it as the infective agent of
specific, contagious illness of honey bees. Later, other workers found
this same organism present in healthy bees, and it was not possible to
infect bees with disease with bacteria of this strain growing in culture.

AcARiNE Disease.

Although this disease does not occur in America, in England and
parts of Europe it is the most important of the diseases of adult bees
(33). The disease was first noticed in Derbyshire, England in 1902, but
its true cause was not discovered until 1920. At that time Eennie made
the announcement that the cause of the disease was a mite inhabiting the
tracheae or breathing tubes of the bees. He named the organism Tar-
sonemus woodi, but it has since been changed to Acarapis tvoodi
(Eennie).

The mites are transferred from diseased to healthy bees by contact,
the mites crawling from one to the other (31). As in most other bee
diseases, robbing is probably the most important factor in spreading the
infection within an apiary. The mites parasitize a very restricted area
in the tracheal system; only those tubes lying in direct connection with
the spiracle located in the membrane between the pro- and meso-thorax.
The female invades the spiracle and begins egg-laying almost im-
mediately in the trachea immediately adjoining the atrium. Mating
evidently occurs before the female invades the new host. The eggs
hatch to produce the six-legged larvae; on becoming mature, they pro-
duce adult males and females. Some of the females remain within the

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 75

bee, while others after mating, migrate to the outside of the body of the
host.

The one symptom most diagnostic of Acarine disease is crawling: the
adult bees, becoming grossly parasitized, lose their power of flight and
crawl in masses over the hive or the surrounding objects. This same
symptom may be exhibited by Paralyzed bees, but the latter have also
a characteristic shiny black appearance.

Within the prothoracic tracheae, the mites live, feed, and reproduce.
The food evidently consists in blood which oozes from punctures made
by the pair of sharp-pointed chelae of the mites. The female mites have
tracheal respiration, but the nymphs and adult males respire cutaneously
(8). The feeding of these mites and the irritation produced by their
presence probably accounts for the damage they do, although they may
inject some toxic substance into the body of the host (33). Their activi-
ties undoubtedly produce marked impairment of the respiratory functions
of the honey bee. The question of how well the bee has been able to ad-
just its physiological processes to the accumulated organic wastes pro-
duced by these parasites apparently has not been answered.

A number of fumigants have been tried against these mites. Weak
sulfur fumes and other mixtures have been used by Eennie. , In 1928,
Angelloz-Mcaud announced his discovery of the practicability of methyl
salicylate for the control of this mite (12), and most of the controlled
experiments made with it since have shown it to be quite successful
(2, 13). JSTeedless to say, one of the best preventives for this disease
is to exercise all possible means toward excluding infected bees from
the apiary. We in America are nominally protected by an embargo
against the importation of honey bees from the effected areas, but in
England it is almost impossible to obtain colonies of bees known to be
absolutely free from the parasite, so Avide-spread has the parasite become.
American beekeepers who desire to import queens from foreign countries
must first secure a permit from the Federal Government, after which the
queens upon arrival are sent to the Bureau of Entomology for examina-
tion for presence of the mites before being forwarded to the importer.

The presence in an isolated instance in Canada of a mite living
externally on the bee's body has been reported. Yery little has been
reported on its activity but it is not thought to infest the tracheal tubes
of the bee.

The Bee-Louse.

The presence of the bee-louse, Braula coeca^^n the United States
was announced by Philipps in 1923 and in 1925 its habits and activities
were described by him (27). At that time it was known only in the
state of Maryland, but Argo later reported it from Ohio and Alfonsus
reports specimens having been found in Wisconsin and in northern
Illinois. This would indicate rather wide distribution although it is
not commonly observed, ■*

The bee-louse is not a true parasite for in the adult stage it simply
sucks its food from the outstretched mouthparts of the worker bee upon
which it is found during the brood rearing season. At other times thev
may be found on the body of the queen. The real damage of the bee-

76 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

louse is due to the feeding habits of the larvae which make very minute
tunnels underneath the cappings of comb honey. Care should be taken
not to confuse this injury with that of the greater wax-moth larvae
whose tunnels contain fine silk-like webbings not present in Braula coeca
which is not a moth.

Dysentery.

Dysentery is without doubt a physiological disturbance, not invol-
viug pathogenic organisms. The bees, having been fed improper food,
or subjected to improper wintering conditions, find it necessary to deposit
the accumulated excrement contained in the rectum, but being prevented
from making a flight, by cold weather or other conditions, become
diseased due to the undue retention of these feces. Finally, many of
them die, some depositing their excrement inside the hive on the walls,
floor or combs. The feces are dark and muddy in appearance, and give
off a peculiarly offensive smell (20, 21). Angelloz-Mcaud (3) is of the
opinion that Dysentery is only a consequence of the Acarine or Nosema
disease, but his statement does not appear to be justified by the facts, at
least in America.

Fermented or unsealed stores for wintering, honey dew in the honey,
excessive moisture in the hives, and any factors which (like sudden
high temperatures) tend to cause the consumption of more food than
is necessary for normal wintering, will cause dysentery (26). If for any
of the above reasons, the colony is stimulated to the point of rearing
brood then the additional consumption of food only further aggravates
the condition which usually leads to the death of the colony unless oppor-
tunity for a good cleansing flight is possible. If the colony survives
the winter, it will recover after good flight weather returns, but the
colony will be badly weakened, and should be united with a strong
colony.

In cases where colonies in an apiary are definitely known to have
gathered considerable amounts of honey dew it is advisable where bees
are confined for long periods of time during the winter to feed such
colonies a liberal supply of sugar syrup for winter stores. Some bee-
keepers feed all colonies one or two ten-pound pails of syrup late in
the fall which serves as the early winter stores for the colony and delays
the time at which the colonies consume the dysentery producing honey
dew stores until there is greater opportunity for flight and elimination
of feces.

Diseased Conditions Due to Poisonous Plants.

The Buckeye (AescuJus) in California secretes a nectar which is
poisonous to all stages of the honey bee (37). This nectar is only col-
lected when other nectars are lacking, or when the honey flow is suddenly
interrupted. When this poisoned nectar is fed to the queen, she quickly
loses her egg-laying ability. It is suggested that the colonies be moved
away from the locality while the buckeye is in blossom. The gum
exuding from the feeding punctures of other insects is also collected

ILLINOIS STATE BEEIvEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 77

by the bees (in the absence of nectar) and probably contributes to the
poisoning" of the colonies.

Western False Hellebore (36) has been shown to be poisonous to
adult honey bees in California, and in the Western desert regions,
adult bees have been found dying on Spotted Loco weed (35). The
bees either die directly on the plant or on the way back to the hive.
The brood is, under these circumstances, to be found dying of starvation.

Arsenical Poisoning.

The much discussed question of poisoning of bees by arscnicals ap-
plied to plants as sprays or dusts has again been brought to the attention
of American apiculturists and especially those of the State of California
where large losses were incuiTed in certain areas in 193-1: due to the
activities of certain insecticide companies in dusting large areas by means
of airplanes with the result that the dust drifted to nearby fields where
the bees gathered the poisoned materials from flowers of other plants.

As a result of this experience, California beekeepers have been in-
strumental in having a law presented to their legislature limiting and
regulating the application of poisonous sprays and dusts by commercial
concerns, especially those who do not confine the spray or dust to the
fields being treated.

The conditions and the symptoms of the bees suffering from ar-
senical poisoning are well described by Eckert (19) in an article appear-
ing in the American Bee Journal for February 1935, which we suggest
be read by those not familiar with the symptoms of arsenical poisoning-
Conditions and symptoms similar to those described by Eckert
existed in several apiaries in Champaign, Illinois in 1933. In two in-
stances the cause could be traced to untimely spraying of fruit trees in
the immediate vicinity of the apiaries. Numerous complaints have been
received from other sections of Illinois regarding the poisoning of bees
due to sprays being applied while the fruit trees were in full bloom.
The most serious losses have occurred during j'^ears with wet cold weather
during the spring blooming period which has not been explained satis-
factorily.

Eeports by the senior author (24, 25) of the findings in some of
these cases showed that the fatal dosage of arsenic was apparently much
less than that reported by previous authors (23, 30). Milum also found
that when analysis was made of the dead and crawling bees in front of
the poisoned colonies, those bees with distended abdomens showed the
presence of arsenic while those with normal abdomens indicated ab-
sence of arenic possibly due to elimination before death or previous to
time of collection.

Further observations made by Milum in 1931, not previously re-
ported, showed the presence of .01 milligrams of arsenic trioxide
(AsgOg) per 200 bees in two samples each of sick bees. Similar results
were obtained upon analyzing the alimentary tracts of two samples of
200 bees each, while no arsenic was found when the remaining por-
tions of the bodies were analyzed. Likewise no arsenic was found in
a check sample of 200 bees gathered from an apiary about one mile
distant where no evidence of apparent spray poisoning was visible. The

78 THIETY-THIED AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

amounts herewith reported suggest that .0000-)-38 milligrams of arsenic
(As) is sufficient to cause death to an individual bee which is approxi-
mately one tenth of the previously suggested minimum fatal dosage
of .0004 milligrams of arsenic (As).

Conclusion.

In America the diseases of brood are much more important than
are the diseases of adults, but in Europe the reverse is generally true
(33). The gTeatest losses of adult bees occurring in Illinois as a result
of any of the diseases and conditions listed herewith are probably due
to arsenical poisoning, dysentery, ISTosema and paralysis although it
must be remembered, however, that there are always a number of
diseased adult bees submitted for analysis and diagnosis which cannot
be successfully diagnosed. As Phillips (28) has stated, "This is due
partly to the fact that certain diseases of adult bees exist for which
the cause has not been determined." The problem is further complicated
by the fact that as soon as death occurs, the bodies of the bees are in-
variably invaded by secondary, saprophytic organisms which make diag-
nosis either very questionable or impossible.

Bibliography.

1. Angelloz-Nicaud, E., "Une Nouvelle Maladie de I'Abeille Adults, I'Api-

myiasis ou Maladie de la Mouche," UApiculteur, vol. 74:14-19, 1930.

2. "L'Acariose est Vaincue," I.e., p. 10-14.

3. "La Dysenterie," U Apiculture Francaise, vol. 35:206-208, 1927.

4. "Mai Des Allies Frlsees," I.e., p. 208-209.

5. "Mai de Mai," i.e., p. 263-267, 292-295, 317-321; vol. 36:15-17, 41-42,

1928.

6. "Paratyphose," vol. 36: p. 42-43.

7. "La Nosemose," I.e., p. 152-159.

8. "L'Amibiose," I.e., p. 179-180.

9. "L'Aeariouse,'' I.e., p. 180-185.

10. "Parasitologle de I'Abeille Adulte," I.e., p. 266-270.

11. "Baeteriologie de I'Abeille Adulte," I.e., p. 270-274.

12. "Experienee de Traitement eontre I'Aeariose," I.e., p. 289-295.

13. "Le Traitement de I'Aeariose par le Salicylate de Methyle,"

UApiculteur, vol. 40:41-43, 1932.

14. Bulger, J. W., "Bee Diseases of Minor Importanee," Journal of Eco-

nomic Entomology, vol. 21:376-379, 1928.

15. Burnside, C. E. "A Septieemie Condition of Adult Bees," Journal of Eco-

nomic Entomology, vol. 21:379-386, 1928.

16. "Preliminary Observations on 'Paralysis' of Honey Bees," I.e., vol.

26:162-168, 1933.

17. "Fungus Diseases of the Honey Bee," U. S. D. A., Technical Bul-
letin 149, 1930.

18. "A Disease of Young Bees Caused by a Mueor. American Bee

Journal, vol. 75:75-76, 1935.

19. Eekert, J. E. Airplane Dusting and its Relation to Beekeeping. Ameri-

can Bee Journal, vol. 75:59-61, 1935.

20. Kelty, R. H., "Diseases of Bees in Miehigan," Michigan Agricultural Ex-

periment Station, Special Bulletin 107, 1921.

21. Lance, H. Willoughby, "Bee Diseases, Prevention and Cure," Western

Australia Department of Agriculture, Leaflet 152.

22. Lardinois, Dr., "Le Mai de Mai," Le Rucher Beige, vol. 33:102-107, 1926.

23. Me Indoo, N. E., Effect on Honeybees of Spraying Fruit Trees with

Arsenieals. U. S. D. A. Dept. Bui. 1364, 1926.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION. 79

24. Milum, V. G., "Death of Bees from Spray Poisoning Not Yet Sufficiently

Proven." American Bee Journal, vol. 68:179-180. 1928.

25. "Further Notes on Spray Poisoning" I.e., vol. 70:176-178, 1930.

26. Phillips, E. F., "The Treatment of Bee Diseases," U. S. D. A., Farmers'

Bulletin 442, 1911.

27. "The Bee-Louse, Branla coeca, in the United States," U. S. D. A.,

Department Circular 344, 1925.

28. "The Occurrence of Diseases of Adult Bees," U. S. D. A., Depart-
ment Circular 218, 1922.

29. "The Occurrence of Diseases of Adult Be(es, II," U. S. D. A., De-
partment Circular 287, 1923. "^^

30. Price, W. A., "Bees and Their Relation to Arsenical Sprays at Blossom-

ing Time," Purdue University, Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 247, 1920.

31. Rennie, John, "Acarine Disease of Hive Bees: its Cause, Nature, and

Control," North of Scotland College of Agriculture, Bulletin 33, 1927.

32. Schussler, J., Roth-Schiisslers Imkerschule, J. J. Reiff, Karlsruhe, fifth

edition, 1920.

33. Sturges, A. M., Practical Beekeeping, Cassell and Co., London, 1924.

34. Thuresson, G., "On the Toxicity of Moulds to the Honey Bee and the

Cause of Bee Paralysis," Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, vol. 11:33-38, 1917.

35. Vansell, G. H., "Adult Bees Found Dying on Spotted Loco," Journal of

Economic Entomology, vol. 27:635-637, 1934.

36. and Watkins, W. G., "A Plant Poisonous to Adult Bees," I.e., vol.

26:168-170, 1933.

37. "Buckeye Poisoning of the Honey Bee," University of California,

Agriculture Experiment Station, Circular 301, 1926.

38. White, G. F., "The Bacteria of the Apiary," U. S. D. A., Bureau of

Entomology, Technical Series 14, 1906.

39. "Nosema Disease," U. S. D. A., Department Bulletin 780, 1919.

80 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPOETS OF THE

WHAT MOTHS INFEST BEE COMBS IN ILLINOIS?^

(V. G. MiLUM AND H. W. Geuthee, University of Illinois.)

Due to the fact that there seems to be some misunderstanding
regarding the habits and activities of the greater wax worth, Galleria
mellonella h., and some apparent confusion in idefntification from the
lesser wax worth Achroia grisella Fabr., the author^ offer the following
observations in an attempt to add to the general kno\'^dge of the former
and to clear up the confusion regarding the latter. \

The numbers of eggs laid by individual females of the greater wax
moth, Galleria mellonella L., varied from 400 to 839 in a group of 12
females, the average being 754 per individual. Eggs were deposited
singly to as many as 127 in one group. The proportion of sexes in one
group of 323 adults was 172 males to 151 females.

Unmated and separately confined females began to oviposit within
36 hours after emergence but the eggs never hatched although subjected
to the same condttions as normal eggs which hatched.

To test the preference of the females for egg laying positions, a
number of pieces of brood comb were suspended on the points of six-
penny nails projecting through pieces of comb honey sections which were
in turn laid on other pieces of section and fastened in place by glue at
one end. The nail head prevented full contact of the two pieces of
section at the opposite end. Several moths were released in the container
and after 24 hours the combs and supports were examined for the
presence of eggs. While the moths frequented the combs in great num-
bers, no eggs were found upon the pieces of brood comb except those
laid in tiny crevices where the cocoons were pulled away from the waxen
cell walls. On the other hand, the vast majority of the eggs deposited
were found between the closely attached ends of the two sections and
where the sections rested upon the underl3dng support thus indicating
that the moths preferred to lay their eggs in cracks and crevices which
barely admitted the ovipositor. In nature, this apparently serves as a
means of protection for the eggs. It would also indicate that in the case
of comb honey, especially, where moths have not had access to the inner
hive parts and combs that excessive damage could be prevented by de-
stroying by some means the eggs around the edges of the hive body or
by removing the sections from the comb honey super immediately after
removal from the colony or else follow ordinary fumigation methods to
prevent all damage to the combs.

^ Centribution from the Entomolog'ical Laboratories of the University of Illinois,
No. 17 a

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION. 81

In warm weather, the eggs may be hatching over a prolonged
interval which means that the tiny larvae may be constantly entering the
hive through the cracks and unsealed crevices. These tiny larvae may
gain access to the combs but vvould soon be detected and removed by
the bees whereas when removed from the bees serious damage results
if the combs are not fumigated properly. Extreme care should be
exercised in storing the comb honey as well as other combs in a moth
proof room where a reinfestation may be established by moths emerging
from unfumigated combs and then laying their eggs in the cracks and
crevices of the section containers or supers. The female adult moths
must be kept away — they do not need to get inside to cause further
trouble.

Certain observations on the larval habits of G. mellonella, the
greater wax moth, under restricted food conditions lead us to suspect
that the injury of the latter on comb honey is often incorrectly laid to
the lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella Fabr. In fact, we have had various
individuals indicate that the tunnelling in cappings of comb honey under
Illinois conditions was that of the lesser wax moth but we believe that in
practically all cases, these larvae would prove to be the young of the
greater wax moth if they were located and transferred to a diet of brood
combs. We recently examined several dozen unfumigated tunnel-
damaged sections of comb honey without finding a single living larvae
and no adults within the containers. In support of our theory we offer
the following information, the obtaining of which was stimulated by
casual observations of two larvae approximately % inch in length, sup-
plied by an Illinois beekeeper who found them tunnelling in comb honey.
One of these larvae was placed on brood comb and developed into a full
sized adult male greater wax moth. The other larva was placed on a
section of comb honey and although it lived for several weeks, grew
smaller and smaller, apparently with each succeeding molt, and event-
ually died, no doubt, because of the lack of proper food elements in comb
honey which are ordinarily in brood combs.

Other normal larvae taken from brood combs were placed upon comb
honey as their sole diet. Only the larger larvae pupated and emerged
as adults, while the smaller ones grew smaller and* eventually died.
Insufficient observations do not permit us to indicate whether such
larvae, having reached a certain instar are able to continue their
development but such seems to be the case.

On the other hand it is quite a common observation that when a
certain group of greater wax moth larvae are allowed to feed upon a
limited supply of brood combs, the first one or more generations of
adults will be of normal size, but as the supply of available food
diminishes, the succeeding generations of adults become smaller and
smaller. Under such conditions adults varied in size from 17 to 5
millimeters in length. The difference in size, no doubt, is due to the
lack of sufiicient food supply for growth of the larger individuals yet
allowing for completion of the life cycle, the adults of which seem to
be able to reproduce normal offspring if a new food supply is given.

— 6 B R

82 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

AVhile the authors have not been able to secure any specimens of
the lesser wax moth in Illinois, we have been assured by various indi-
viduals that it is actually here. However, we believe that if present at
all, it is indeed very rare. The senior author recently received larval
specimens from North Carolina which developed into adult lesser wax
moths but specimens from two other states proved to be the greater wax
moth. Eeports from California, Colorado, Ohio, Texas and other states
would indicate that it might be rather generally distributed, but more
observations are needed to establish its general prevalence. We are
indebted to Dr. Carl Heinrich of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology for
the info;rmation that the U. S. National Museum has specimens of the
lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella Fabr. from Washington, D. C. ;
Somerset, Berwyn and Plummer's Island in Maryland; Fairfax Co.,
Virginia; Chicopee and Amherst, Massachusetts, and Jefferson, Ohio,
as well as several foreign countries.

Besides the greater wax moth, the authors have also found that in
Illinois dry brood combs when stored at room temperatures may com-
monly be infested with the larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia
interpunctella Hubner, especially if a few dead bees are in the combs.
However, we have found no serious damage as a result of such infestation.

The larvae of the bee-louse, Braula coeca also causes damages to
comb honey by its tunneling beneath the cappings. However, the bee-
louse is not a moth. The tunnels of the louse are much finer and do
not have silken threads in them as in the case of the greater wax moth.
The surface of the comb is punctured and broken in the case of the moth
with particles of frass scattered over the surface. The bee-louse was
first reported to be present in the State of Maryland but has been
reported from Ohio, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois. which would indi-
cate rather wide distribution although not commonly observed. The
adult louse may be found on the adult workers during the brood rearing
season where they obtain food from the outstretched mouthparts of the
workers. At other times they may be found on the body of the queen
but appear to do no damage to either.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION". 83

COUNTY ASSOCIATION ACTIVITIES FOR 1933-1934.

Annual. Meeting — Cook-DuPage County Association.

President — Mr. E. J. McCk)rniick. Third A^icePres. — Dr. W. C. Ladwig.
First A^ice Pres. — Wm. C. Young. Fourth Vice Pres.- — Adam Boden-
Second Vice Pres. — Mrs. Frank schatz.

Hofman. Fifth Vice Pres. — Edw. W. I^owack.

Secretary and Treasurer — Leroy Stockdale.
Hostess— Mrs. Adam Bodenschatz.

The fourteenth annual meeting of the Cook-DuPage Beekeepers'
Association was held Saturday, February 24, 1934, at the Bismarck
Hotel, from 2 p. m. until 10 p. m., with a banquet at 6 p. ni. The
above officers being elected for the year 1934.

The attendance at this meeting was very encouraging for the first
meeting of the year, with forty-four attending the banquet.

The secretary's report for the year 1933 was read and accepted.
The treasurer's report for the year 1933 was read and accepted, with
the approval of the Auditing Committee, consisting of Mr. Adam Boden-
schatz, Mr. Gun Mozee and Mr. M. Guthrie.

Under new business it was' moved by Mr. A. Bodenschatz and
seconded that the offices of secretary and treasurer be held by one officer
as in the past.

Motion made by Mrs. C. L. Duax and seconded that the office of
hostess be an elected office.

The following members have consented to serve on the refreshment
committee: Mrs. A. G. Gill, Mrs. W. C. Ladwign and Mrs. C. L. Duax.

The first speaker was Mr. H. W. Jones, President of our adjoining
counties Lake-McHenry, who presented many interesting facts about
honey production and marketing, all of which he handles himself. Mr.
Jones winters his bees very successfully in a cellar and sells more honey
than he can produce by his own method of roadside selling. Following
are prices he was able to maintain through the season of 1933 : 1-lb.
jars, 20 cents; 2-lb. jars, 35 cents; 3-lb. jars, 50 cents; 5-lb. pails, 75 cents;
10-lb. pails, $1.35; comb honey, 20 cents a comb or three for 50 cents.

Mr. H. W. Jones has maintained a standard for his honey with the
result that he finds that many orders for honey are mailed to him
during the winter months.

Mr. Walter Scott Lohnes, Secretary of Tazewell County, gave us a
very interesting and peppy talk on "Organization and What it Has Done
for the Comb Honey Producers of Tazewell County." Tazewell County,
being located in the clover belt, has found it more profitable to produce
comb honey instead of extracted honey, and have adopted a uniform
label to be used on all comb honey produced by its membership; each

84 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOUKTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

member's pack being identified by a different letter of the alphabet.
Only the best comb honey is marketed, the balance being melted. If
any comb honey is not wrapped neat and is not up to standard, any
member may purchase same from storekeeper at retail price to take it
off the shelf, forward it to secretary, who in turn will return it to the
original member as identified from label stamp, and this member must
buy his own honey back at the retail price. This method has worked
out well and has increased the price of honey considerably and also
helped to eliminate competition with honey produced elsewhere and
shipped in.

Mr. C. L. Duax gave a very interesting talk on "Inspection Work"
relative to plans adopted for handling inspection work by the Department
of Agriculture. It is planned to cover the entire State with twenty-seven
inspectors. The fact that the force of inspectors was to be cut in two
as the old force had approximately fifty inspectors, brought forth some
discussion. Inspection work in Illinois was far from adequate with
fifty or more inspectors on the old force and now, with only a neucleus
of force for inspection work, fear was expressed that the beekeepers of
Illinois are to lose considerably through increase of American foul brood.

With the reduced number of x^nspectors, who will draw less salary
and expense money per day for traveling, and the appropriation for this
work being cut but little over the previous two years, it seems as though
the Department of Agriculture is planning to have each inspector work
the entire year. Inspection work is seasonable and to be done to best
advantage must be performed in approximately ten weeks' time, starting
just after all danger of chilling brood is past and ending before supers
are put on for surplus honey.

Entertainment was furnished by Lulu Belle of the WLS Barn
Dance, and the two Gill boys, accompanied by Mrs. A. G. Gill.

June 16, WSJf.

At our outdoor meeting of the Cook-DuPage Beekeepers' Associa-
tion on June 16 we had a table full of honey cookies, cake and candy.
Mrs. Irene W. Duax gave two pairs of Beeswax candles and a jar of
Beeswax face cream for the best candy and cookies. Mrs. Chas. Siegel
won first in the candy and Mrs. Frank Hofman won second. Mrs. Siegel
also captured the prize for the best honey cookies. The judges were
Mrs. Malitta Jensen of the American Honey Institute, Miss Anna
McCormick, sister of the President- of our Association, and Mrs. Vera
Winkler of Joliet. We plan to have a hostess of the honey table.

Mrs. Adam Bodenschatz, Hostess.

July 21, 193Jf.

The second outdoor meeting of the Cook-DuPage Beekeepers' Asso-
ciation was held at Brother Frederick's apiary, Techny, 111., on the
grounds of the St. Mary's Mission House, July 21, 1934.

The meeting was called to order by the president, Mr. E. J. Mc-
Cormick, at 2 :45 o'clock p. m.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS* ASSOCIATION. 85

A committee was appointed by Mr. E. J. McCormick for the pur-
pose of going back 100 years and telling us about how beekeeping was
done then and on up to the present time. This is to be given at
one of our winter meetings.

Mr. Duax made a motion to hold our next meeting at Palos Park,
Illinois, August 11, 1934. It was seconded by Mr. Charles Siegle.
Carried. Meeting adjourned and all partook of the picnic supper.

After, the picnic supper Brother Frederick asked the beekeepers
that wished to go and see his honey house and the ones that wished
to go through the printing shop to form in two different groups, and
then one of the other brothers conducted us through the printing shop,
museum and chapel, and over the beautiful grounds, while Brother
Frederick took the other group through his honey house and apiary.

There were sixty-five present.

August 11, 193Jf.

Our meeting of August 11, 1934 was held at the home of George
Stebbings, Palos Park, Illinois. We had a. table of honey bakings
donated for the publicity department for the State Fair at Springfield,
for display in the information booth and also given out as samples
showing what delicious food can be made with Illinois Honey.

Another meeting was held at the home of Eichard Meyers, South
Holland, Illinois, on September 15, 1934. We had a very good lunch,
some of the food being honey baked beans, honey fruit salad, honey
macaroni, honey coffee cake, honey loaf cake, honey devils' food cake
and honey apple pie.

Our next meeting will be held at the home of Chas. Siegle, Ever-
green Park, Illinois, on October 27, 1934. All are asked to come in
costume, as it is to be in the form of a hallowe'en party.

Mrs. Adam Bodenschatz, Hostess.

February 23, 1935.

The Cook-DuPage Beekeepers Association held their fifteenth An-
nual Business Meeting and Banquet at the Bismarck Hotel, located at
Wells and Eandolph Streets, Chicago, Illinois on Februarv 23, 1935.
2:30 P. M.— Call to order.

Eeading of minutes of last meeting.

Address by President, Mr. E. J. McCormick.

Appointment of Auditing Committee.

Secretary's report — Leroy Stockdale.

Treasurer's report — Leroy Stockdale.

Eeport from the five Vice Presidents.
3:30 P. M. — Advertising Committee report — Mrs. Irene Duax.
3 :45 P. M. — Does the Honey Table Pay ? — Mrs. Adam Bodenschatz.
4:00 P. M.— Beekeeping Fables Eetold— Mr. C. W. Aeppler of

Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.
5:00 P. M. — Beekeeping in Austria Hungary — Mr. A. Hrankay.
5 :45 P. M. — Inspection for 1935 — Mr. C. L. Duax.
6:00 P. M.— Banquet.

86 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPORTS OF THE

7:30 P. M. — Election of officers, and report of the Auditing Com-
mittee.
8 :30 P. M. — To someone with something to say.
9 :00 P. M. — Social side of beekeeping — Clara Siegel.
There was also a short musical program.

Henry County Beekeepers Association.
(Willis W. Drehmer.)

The annual meeting for 1933 was held in Cambridge on October
5, 1933 with nineteen persons present. Officers for 1931 then elected
were : President, W. W. Drehmer ; Vice President, Ed. Kommer ;
Secretar}^, Albert Knack and Ed. Van DeVoord. 370 pounds of wax
was listed. The membership list was twenty. A field meeting was
held September 12th, 1933 in Chautauqua Park, Kewanee, 60 present.
The picture is shown herewith.

The annual meeting for 1934 was held in Cambridge on October
4, 1934 with twenty-one persons present. Mr. and Mrs. Duax were
present and addressed the gathering. Officers elected: Ed. Kommer,
President; Vice President Ed. Peterson; Secretary, Willis W. Drehmer;
Treasurer, P. A. Carlson. Directors, Lawrence Peterson, Fred Ball
and Elmer Kommer. Membership at this writing was twenty-five.

The County vigilance committee is : Jacob Wirth, Prophetstown ;
Ed. Kommer, Andover; Ed. Van DeVoord, Atkinson; Fred Ball, Ke-
wanee; P. A. Carlson, Galva; Alfred Goedke, Kewanee; Geo. Florine,
Bishop Hill; Elmer Kommer, Woodhull; Ed. Boberg, Cambridge; W.
W. Drehmer, Osco; Pay Ott, Geneseo.

Logan County.
November 20, 193 Jf.

A reorganization meeting was called for all Beekeepers in Logan,
Mason and Menard Counties on November 20, 1934 for two purposes:
to organize an association, and secondly to appoint on this date a
vigilance under the supervision of C. L. Duax, chief apiary inspector.

The Beekeepers voted at this meeting that S. A. Tyler would serve
as President and Vincent Peifer, Secretary and Treasurer for the
coming year. After the election of officers, C. L. Duax gave the appoint-
ment on the vigilance committee; also Mr. Eoche gave a talk on cut
comb honey.

The second meeting was called on January 5, 1935. The business
meeting was conducted in the usual manner, and new members were
taken in.

LaSalle-Bureau.

Between October 11, 1934 and the end of the year the LaSalle
and Bureau County Beekeepers^ Association held three meetings, two
at LaSalle and one at Ottawa, that latter being attended by Chief In-
spector C. L. Duax, The first meeting netted nine members to the
State Association. This number has been increased to seventeen. The.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION". 87

first meeting (October 11) was an afternoon session with exhibition
hives on display. The second meeting was a late afternoon and early
evening meeting. Lunches were served at both meetings. The meeting
Mr. Duax attended was an afternoon meeting. At this meeting Mr. ■
Duax announced that Putnam County would also be included in our
association and Mr. Sylvester Legat of Spring A'alley was named as
candidate for bee inspection in the' three counties. The appointment
was confirmed December 1, 1934.

We feel that the latter part of 1934 saw our Association rise from
a rather tottering, seemingly indifferent stage to an enthusiastic, pro-
gressive one. By frequent meetings and bulletins we are keeping our
members Bee Association conscious and membership conscious. Our
increased membership is an indication of the new life in the organiza-
tion.

At a meeting January 5, 1935 we mapped out a program for 1935
that we feel we shall be proud to report at the end of the year.

Miss Eollean Enteistle, Sec.-Treas.
LaSalle — Bureau County
Beekeepers Association.
109 Fourth St. LaSalle, 111.

Jo Daviess County Meeting.

A very interesting meeting of the beekeepers of Jo Daviess, Stephen-
son, Carroll and Whiteside counties was held at the apiarv^ of Chas.
Handel in Savanna, Illinois, on September 30. A picnic dinner was
served at noon, followed by a program consisting of talks, contests and
other entertainment. The speakers included Chief Inspector Duax of
Chicago, S. S. Claussen of Oregon, George Hartman of Freeport and
also the chairman of the Ogle County Beekeepers' Association. Mrs.
Irene Duax spoke to the women concerning the Honey Foods demon-
stration at the State Fair. She also judged the honey pumpkin pie
contest, the prize being a\varded to Mrs. Joseph Geiger, of Hanover.
Mr. Eli Elieff of Galena won the smoker in the smoker contest, and
Mr. Chas. Handel produced the best comb of honey and was therefore
entitled to the Italian queen bee.

Four of the oldest beekeepers in this section of the State were
present at this meeting. They were Lee Horning, Morrison; Herman
Mehnleip, Warren; George Weed, Lanark, and Edward Jeffrey, Galena.
Three of these men have kept bees over forty-five years and all are past
the age of sevent}'-.

The music for the program was furnished by Martha and Carlene
Duerrstein. j.

At the close of the program refreshments consisting of honey pump-
kin pie and honey cookies were served. :

McHenry — Lake County Association Meeting.

The McHenry-Lake County Beekeepers' Association held their first
meeting of the year Saturda3^ March 31, 1934, at Woodstock, Illinois

88 THIRTY-THIKD AND THIRTY-FCURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

in the Farm Bureau office just north of the Court House, from 1 p. m.,
to 5 p. m.

Mr. J. R. Wooldridge, past assistant chief inspector of Cook County,
talked on the subjects. "Beekeeping of the Past and Its Future Pros-
pects," also "Lowering the Cost of Honey Production."

Some of the topics discussed were : Code and Package Bees, Market-
ing Association, Dues, Meeting, (how often). Contest for Eeporting
Neglected Apiaries and Prices.

The McHenry-Lake County Beekeepers' Association held a meeting
on June 1, 1934, in the village hall at Mundelein, Illinois.

Mr. Duax, the Chief Inspector, gave a very interesting talk on
inspection work and State Fair exhibits, and a short history of his
start in beekeeping.

Prof. Bruce Lineburg of Lake Forest College showed a number of
lantern slides he had photographed at the Experiment Station in Wash-
ington, D. C, while he was employed there a few years ago. They
certainly were interesting and very educational.

The McHenry-Lake County Beekeepers' Association held a meeting
on September 8, 1934, at Mr. Jones' residence in Gary, Illinois. Elec-
tion of officers was held and the following were elected :

Mr. H. W. Jones, President; Mr. G. W. Mason, Vice President;
C. P. Jankowski, Secretary-Treasurer.

After the business was carried out, the ladies served ice cream and
cake.

Montgomery County.
(Bond and Fayette.)

Our first meeting this year was held March S9th, in the Circuit
Court Eoom, at Hillsboro, 111., from 7 :30 to 9 :30 p. m. Our president
' 0. W. Kennett, of Ohlman, presided, and gave us a practical talk on
A. F. B. and control measures. Mr. Kennett is particularly qualified
to speak on this subject, as he had to combat it in his own apiary years
ago, and won out. Having served as deputy inspector in our county
since 1925, he is also thoroughly acquainted with our situation and needs.
W. W. 0 shorn. Secretary, spoke on the American Honey Institute and
its work, and the need for its support by all beekeepers, large and small.
Last, and perhaps best of all, were honey-made refreshments, mince pie
and cookies made with honey, and honey-lemonade, contributed by Mrs.
Kennett and Mrs. Osborn. These were all "sunk without a trace".

Mr. Kennett called a meeting of Fayette County beekeepers May
26th, 2 :00 p. m., at the apiary of Chas. Hage, in Vandalia, where an in-
terested audience heard Mr. Kennett explain inspection work, with par-
ticular reference to eradication of A. F. B., W. W. Osborn again spoke
on the need for the American Honey Institute and its work, after which
we adjourned to the apiary for a practical demonstration of Mr. Ken-
nett's apiary inspection.

A meeting for Bond County was called for June 15th, 7 :30 p. m., in
the Circuit Court Eoom, Greenville. In the absence of Mr. Kennett,
W. W. Osborn presided, and led in the discussion of inspection work.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS* ASSOCIATION, 89

modern methods, and outlook for the future. The American Honey In-
stitute was again discussed by Mr. Osborn. The absence of Mr. Kennett
while regretted gave a chance for those present to speak their minds con-
cerning his work as deputy inspector of apiaries, and it would have
been fine if he could have been a little bird, and heard the nice things
said about him. Not one single complaint !

Morgan-Scott County Meeting.

The business meeting of the Morgan-Scott Association was held the
second week in January with a good attendance. Election of officers
leaves the roster: Mr. T. B. Eeese, President; Mr. W. G. Duckwall,
Vice-President; Mr. Lawrence W. Fisher, Secretary-Treasurer.

Rock Island County Meeting.

The annual meeting of the Eock Island County Beekeepers Associa-
tion was held at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Mohr and Mike Mohr,
September 27, 1934, with a potluck dinner to sixty members.

The following officers were elected: John Gasnow, Moline, Presi-
dent; Eev. C. K. Dean of Cordova, Vice-President; S. P. Peterson, E.
Moline, Secretary; H. A. Wickersham of East Moline, Treasurer.

Directors : Fred Hof er of Taylor Eidge^ Chas. King of Moline, and
Clarence Schave of E. Moline.

C. L. Duax of Chicago, Inspector for Illinois, spoke about disease.
Pierce Mohr of Bettendorf, Iowa, gave a very interesting talk on bee-
keeping from his boyhood to the present date.

S. F. Peterson,

2326 3rd Ave.,
E. Moline, 111.

St. Clair Beekeepers' Association — 1933.

The St. Clair Beekeepers' Association was organized in Januarv.
1933, with the following officers : 0. G. Eawson, 3208 Forest, East St.
Louis, President; W. E. Frierdich, 1105 Bristow, Belleville, Illinois,
Vice-President; Geo. Hankammer, Belleville, Illinois, Secretary and
F. W. Peters, 727 Lebanon, Belleville, Illinois, Treasurer, with fifteen
charter members.

The aims were to advance beekeeping and to help in every way pos-
sible the eradication of foul brood in this part of the State.

They recommended and were instrumental in having Mr. W. E.
Frierdich, Belleville, Illinois, appointed a deputy bee inspector, the first
one ever in this, St. Clair County.

It is incorporated in the rules and by-laws that there will be in each
year, an automobile tour of beekeepers to the leading beekeepers of the
territory. A fall picnic at some central point, easily reached by all in-
terested and a honey exhibit and honey cooking school.

90 THIETY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPOETS OF THE

i

The 1933 tour, was held June 17, there being seventy-five beekeepers
present and visited Wm. Hubert, Belleville; J. W. Klein, Freeburg;
Jas. A. Farmer, Freeburg; Hy J. Hummert, Fayetteville ; Philip Krebs,
Marissa; J. H. Keiner, New Athens; Earl Schlisinger, Belleville.

The picnic was held at the summer home of Jas. A. Farmer at
Freeburg. One hundred beekeepers and their friends attended. After
the lunch and walks around the hills, thpre was a very interesting talk,
by Mr, C. A. Mackelden, State President on the need for more stringent
laws governing bee diseases; also a talk by Mr. G-. H. Gale, Hamilton,
Illinois on the use carbolic acid in driving bees from the super.

In cooperation with National Honey Week the Annual Honey Ex-
hibit was held, also cooking school, and the demonstration of the use of
honey in cooking and baking. There were twelve hundred visitors.

At the December meeting there was a membership drive, at which
time the motion picture "The Eealm of the Honeybee" was shown to two
hundred beekeepers and friends, and the year ended with thirty-five
members.

0. G. Eav^^son, President.

St. Clair Beekeepers' Association — 1934.

Officers for the year, 0. G. Eawson, East St. Louis, Illinois, Presi-
dent; W. E. Frierdich, Vice-President; Geo. Hankammer, Secretary;
F. AY. Peters, Belleville, Illinois, Treasurer.

January meeting, motion pictures were shown on beekeeping and
equipment manufacture. At this meeting it was decided by the associa-
tion that we concentrate more on advertising of honey, and also try to
establish a uniform price for honey.

February meeting there was shown motion pictures of bee diseases
and their modern treatment.

From April 14th to 17th in cooperation with the Belleville Advo-
cate, the Association held a cooking school in the leading theatre build-
ing, in which the uses of honey in cooking was demonstrated and honey
advertising matter, also honey receipts were handed out. There was an
average of 1,500 visitors daily. There was a decided greater demand for
honey after this meeting.

In June the regular yearly tour was held. Visiting Wm. Hubert,
Belleville, where there was a demonstration of modern queen rearing
and introducing. Next J. W. Klein, Freeburg, for a demonstration of
transferring bees from a decoy hive to a modern one. Mr. Jas. A.
Farmer, Freeburg, where we had the proper manipulation of modern
bee equipment. Philip Krebs, Marissa for honey extracting, and wax
rendering. Next Val Heil, Marissa, for a demonstration of driving bees
from diseased combs by the carbolic acid method and then to Hy. J.
Hummert, Fayetteville, to inspect bees after having been treated for
foul brood.

The regular picnic was held on September 18th, at the home of F. G.
Oexner, Waterloo, Illinois. The speakers for the day were M. G. Dadant,
on Honey Markets; L. C. Dadant, on Bee Feeding; F. C. Pellett, on the
Place to Keep Bees; Mr. C. D. Duax, on Bee Inspection; Mrs. Irene

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATIOlSr. 91

Dua:j^ on Advertising ; C. A. Mackeldon, on Beekeepers Associations, and
several deputy inspectors on Condition of Bees Throughout the State.

The regular annual cooking school and honey exhibit was held in
cooperation with National Honey Week, in the show rooms of the Illinois
Light and Power Company. Mrs. Emma Peters acting as honey hostess.
During the week 12,000 Kellog leaflets and 1,000 leaflets of the Illinois
Honey Foundation were given out. A honey baking contest and
sale was held, which netted the Association a substantial sum. The
Association is affiliated with The American Honey Institute, and the
Illinois Beekeepers Association.

The St. Clair Association meets every third Friday of the month in
the Highway Building, Belleville, Illinois, and all beekeepers and friends
are welcome. The year ended with fifty-five members.

Saline and Gallatin Meeting — 1933.

The first bee meeting was held at Harrisburg, April 1, 1933, with
10 present. A meeting was also held at the home of Eay Micks, Eldo-
rado, Illinois. On June 17, 1933, we met again at Louis Vannis' Apiary,
Harrisburg, Illinois. Three more meetings were held at the homes of
Ellis Harper in July, Alvin BelFs in August, and Victor Lamandin,
Eldorado, in September. For the year 1933 we had fourteen members in
our association.

April 14, 1934, we met at George Lusk's home. We had a large
crowd present, and received some interesting information from Mr.
Duax, chief inspector. The officers elected were : President Louis Vannis,
Vice-President Eex Stricklin, Secretary Alvin Bell, Eidgway, Illinois.

A motion was made that we send five dollars ($5.00) to the Ameri-
can Honey Institute. f

Mr. John Schmitt of Eidg^vay, Illinois, was the host to a meeting
held there on May 19th, with ten preseht. Inspector Duax examined
his hives, and found only one case of foulbrood.

For the year 1934 we had seven members in our Association. Bees
did fine in early spring and summer. However, the bees did not do
much after the. first of September, and we had no late honey flow at all.

Stark County Meeting.

A meeting of the Stark County Beekeepers was held at Elmira,
Illinois, on December 28, 1933, with Mr. C. N". Gerard of Elmira, presi-
dent presiding.

Elmer Kommer, inspector was present and gave a talk on Bee Dis-
eases Wintering and Honey Production.

Everett Price, Toulon, Illinois, secretary of the Association gave a
very interesting report of the activities of the Association and the co-
operation given the inspector so that a complete report on all beekeepers
in Stark County could be had.

Another meeting is planned in the near future when officers will be
elected and the contribution to the State Honey Advertising Committee
will be considered.

92 thirty-third and thirty-fourth annual reports of the

Tri-County Beekeepers Association.
(Elizabeth Ordnung, Secretary.)

The Tri-County Beekeepers Association held only one meeting in
1933, and that was the annual meeting which is always held on the third
AVednesday in September. We had two meetings in 1934; a field meet-
ing on May 28th at Geo. Sauers' Apiary in Polo, and an all day indoor
meeting September 19th at the Oregon Coliseum. Chief Inspector C. L.
Duax attended both meetings in 1934. Robert Gober of Oregon is our
president.

Will-Grundy-Kendall Counties.
April 2, 1933.

President — George W. Lynn.

Vice-President — Axel Johnson.

Secretary and Treasurer — Theo. Wellner.

On April 2, 1933, a meeting was held at the home of Mr. T.
Wellner at Joliet, which was well attended. It was decided that each
member should write to the senators: Mr. Michael Hennebry of Wil-
mington, John L. Walker of Joliet, Lottie Holman O^Neil of Downers
Grove, and Eichard J. Barr of Joliet, their object to get a better appro-
priation for the inspector of bees.

It was also decided that each member should inspect his own bees
very carefully, and to help his neighbor beekeeper.

On July 16, 1933, a picnic and meeting was held at the home of
Frank Zupancic at Sherwood Beach. Mr. Duax from Chicago gave an
instructive talk of the bee industry. A good time was had by all.

November 1933, a meeting was held at the home of Mr. Wellner of
Joliet, only members attended. Talks were given and it was decided
that the price on honey should be held more uniform.

Mr. Duax gave a talk on inspection work, and the State convention
at Springfield, November 16-17. 1933 was a poor honey year for the bee-
keepers of Will county.

Will-Grundy-Kendall County Association — 1934.
(Elmer Luebeck, Elwood, Illinois — Secretary.)

On April 8, 1934, a meeting for the election of officers was held
at the home of Mr. Lynn at Lockport. President Geo. Lynn, Lock-
port, Illinois; First Vice-President Axell Johnson, Will County; First
Vice-President Wm. Osborn, Grundy County; Secretary and Treasurer
Elmer Luebeck, Elwood.

A fine lunch was served by Mrs. Lynn.

On May 27, 1934, a picnic and meeting was held on the Island
at Wilmington. The name of the Association was changed from Will
County Beekeepers Association to Will-Grundy-Kendall County Associa-
tion, by the majority of votes. A, cookie contest was held.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION". 93

July 15, a picnic and meeting was held at Gould Park, Morris,
Illinois. Prizes were given for the best honey spice cake. Lunch and
the prize cakes were served. Some of the beekeepers visited Mr. Ander-
son's apiary. He showed how he cleans hives and frames.

Mr. Anderson had a nice display of relics and many things of in-
terest. This meeting was well attended and all had a good time. It
was agreed to have our annual meeting at the home of Mr. Lynn at
Lockport, September 15th, which was postponed due to the sickness of
Mrs. Lynn. *

1934 was a fair honey year. Beekeepers are more cheerful and hope-
ful for a better price for honey in 1935.

February 3, 1934, Will County Association held a splendid meeting
with dandy attendance and best of all a good "pass the hat" contribution
to the State advertising fund.

Chief Inspector Duax was the principal speaker, and after the meet-
ing everyone enjoyed coifee and food and lots of discussion.

The monthly meeting of the Winn County Beekeepers Association
was held December 19, 1934, in the auditorium of the Gas Electric
building. The meeting was called to order by the Vice President, Mr.
Eay Husen, who presented Jack Eaymond's orchestra of 12 pieces pla}dng
three numbers. Mr. Gober of Oregon then gave a report on the State
meeting. Mr. Claussen, Deputy Inspector, then spoke on "Winter
Packing'"', Mrs. Alma Hunt of Radio Station WROK was then called
upon and she in turn introduced the principle speaker of the evening,
her chief, Mr. Lloyd Thomas owner of the Station. Mr. Thomas gave
a very interesting talk on Radio and its Relation to Advertising. Mr.
Thomas had been with !N"BC for ten years before coming to Rockford
and is surely well informed and well qualified to speak on such a sub-
ject.

The wives of the members were present and sen-ed a dainty
lunch consisting of Honey Gingerbread with whipped cream and coffee.
Mr. Raymond's players then entertained again followed by the "Hill
Billies" who made things lively until a late hour. On adjournment
every one departed with pleasant memories of an enjoyable as well as
a profitable evening.

Will County Meeting.

The Will County Beekeepers' Association and their families met
at the home of B. E. Beach on Sunday, August 5, for an all day
meeting. After a social session and potluck dinner speeches were
given by Mrs. C. L. Duax, Mr. Duax, Mr. A. C. ISTorris and Mr. S.
S. Claussen.

Mrs. Duax tested foodstuffs made by the ladies containing honey
and awarded the prize — Mrs. C. L. Ripple winning the prize with a
pumpkin pie.

A demonstration of the use of the Carbolic Screen was given by
Mr. Beach, who also invited all to inspect his honey house where he
gave a demonstration of uncapping and extracting honey.

94 THIKTY-THIED AIS^D THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Mr. Art Green received the Caucasian Queen, the prize for the
best comb of honey.

Steps were taken for a woman's auxiliary and the following ladies
were appointed to further the cause: Honey Hostess — Mrs. L. M.
Stutsman; Eefreshment Committee — Mrs. B. E. Beach, Mrs. Eay
Husen, Mrs. Clara Wolford.

We are doing all we can to strengthen our Association and by
getting the women interested hope to do still more.

Yours sincerely,

B. E. Beach.

Meeting of Vermilion County Beekeepers Association.

A meeting was held for the purpose of electing a new president
as Mr. Eichards, the former president is moving out of the county. Mr.
Alfred P. Johnson was elected President and Mr. W. E. Shure Vice
President, Mr. F. W. Morrison remaining as Secretary and Treasurer.
It was an open meeting and eleven new members were taken in.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 95

STATE INSPECTOR OF APIARIES.

An Act to prevent the introduction and spread in Illinois of fonlbrood
among bees, providing for the appointment of a State inspector of
apiaries and prescribing his powers and duties. (Approved June 7,
1911. L. 1911, p. 4.)

123. 1. Eepealed. Act approved July 8, 1931. L. 1931. p. 1.

134. FOULBEOOD AMONG BEES A NUISANCE INSPECTION ABATE-
MENT OF.] 2, It shall be the duty of every person maintaining or
keeping any colony or colonies of bees to keep the same free from the
disease known as foulbrood and from every contagious and infectious
disease among bees. All bee-hives, bee fixtures or appurtenances where
foulbrood or other contagious or infectious diseases among bees exists,
are hereby declared to be nuisances to be abated as hereinafter pre-
scribed. If the inspector of apiaries* shall have reason to believe that
any apariary is infected by foulbrood or other contagious disease, he
shall have power to inspect, or cause to be inspected, from time to time,
such apiary, and for the purpose of such inspection he, or his assistants,
are authorized during reasonable business hours to enter into or upon
any farm or premises, or other building or place used for the purpose of
propagating or nurturing bees. If said inspector of apiaries, or his as-
sistants, shall find by inspection that any person, firm or corporation is
maintaining a nuisance as described in this section, he shall notify in
writing the owner or occupant of the premises containing the nuisance
so disclosed of the fact that such nuisance exists. He shall include in
such notice a statement of the conditions constituting such nuisance,
and order that the same be abated within a specified time and a direc-
tion, written or. printed, pointing out the methods, which shall be taken
to abate the same. Such notice and order may be served personally or
by depositing the same in the postoffice properly stamped, addressed to
the owner or occupant of the land or premises upon which such nuisance
exists, and the direction for treatment may consist of a printed circular,
bulletin or report of the inspector of apiaries, or an extract from same.

If the person so notified shall refuse or fail to abate said nuisance in
the manner and in the time prescribed in said notice, the inspector of
apiaries may cause such nuisance to be abated, and he shall certify to
the owner or person in charge of the premises the cost of the abatement
and if not paid to him within sixty days thereafter the same may be
recovered, together with the cost of action, before any court in the State
having competent jurisdiction.

In case notice and order served as aforesaid shall direct that any
bees, hives, bee fixtures or appurtenances shall be destroyed and the

* Office of State Inspector of Apiaries is abolished and powers of and duties
transferred to Department of Agriculture. Chap. 127, Pr. ,35, 40.

''"?«''?I?

96 THIKTY-THIKD AXD THIRTY-FOUPtTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

owner of such bees, hives, bee fixtures or appurtenances shall consider
himself aggrieved by said order, he shall have the privilege of appealing
within three days of the receipt of the notice to the County Court of
the county in which such property is situated. The appeal shall be
made in like manner as appeals are taken to the County Court from
judgments of justices of the peace. Written notice of said appeal served
by mail upon the inspector of apiaries shall operate to stay all proceed-
ings until the decision of the County Court, which may, after investi-
gating the matter, reverse, modify or affirm the order of the inspector of
apiaries. Such decision shall then become the order of the inspector of
apiaries, who shall serve the same as hereinbefore set forth and shall fix
a time within which such decision must be carried out.

124:0.. Transportation of bees from one county to another.]
Pr. 2a. ISTo person shall transport a colony of bees or used bee equip-
ment, except a live queen and her attendant bees in a cage without comb
or brood, from one county of this State to another county in this State,
without a certificate from the Department of Agriculture, stating that it
has, within sixty days before the date of shipment, inspected the colony
or equipment and found it to be free from foulbrood. (Added by Act
approved July 8, 1927. L. 1927, p. 34.)

124b. Transportation of bees into this State.] Pr. 2b. No
person shall transport a colon}^ of bees or used bee equipment except a
live queen and her attendant bees in a cage without comb or brood,
into this State from a state or country having an inspector of apiaries or
other officer charged with similar duties, without a certificate stating
that the ofiicer has, within sixty days before the date of shipment, in-
spected the colony or equipment and found it to be free from foulbrood.

No person shall transport a colony of bees or used bee equipment,
except a live queen and her attendant bees in a cage without comb or
brood into this State from a state not having an inspector of apiaries
or other officer charged with similar duties, unless the shipper or con-
signee has obtained from the Department of Agriculture, upon making
a sufficient showing that the colony or equipment is free from foulbrood,
a permit for the shipment into the State. (Added by Act approved
July 8. 1927. L. 1927, p. 34.)

125. Eeport.] Pr. 3. The inspector of apiaries shall, on or be-
fore the second Monday in December of each calendar year, make a
report to the Governor and also the Illinois State Bee Keepers^ Associa-
tion, stating the number of apiaries visited, the number of those diseased
and treated, the number of colonies of bees destroyed and the expense
incurred in the performance of his duties.

126. Penalty for selling diseased apiary.] Pr. 4. Any
owner of a diseased apiary or appliances taken therefrom, who shall
sell, barter or give away any such apiary, appliance, queens or bees from
such apiary, expose other bees to the danger of contracting such dis-
ease, or refuse to allow the Department of Agriculture to inspect such
apiary or appliances, and any person who shall violate the provisions
of Section 2a or Section 2b of this Act, shall be fined not more than
$100.00. (As amended by Act approved July 8, 1927, L. 1927, p. 34.)

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS* ASSOCIATION. 97

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF INSPECTOR OF APIARIES

FOR THE BEEKEEPING YEAR STARTING APRIL 1,

AND ENDING OCTOBER 20, 1934.

(C. L. Duax, 3414 S. Western Ave., Chicago.)

Hon. Governor Henry Homer, State of Illinois:

Dear Sir: It is with pleasure I submit the following report for
the work completed by the inspection force :

In order to have inspection in each county with a few^er number
of inspectors, it was decided to unite the 102 counties of the State into
28 districts. In each district there are from two to nine counties. There
was appointed a deputy inspector in each district and instructions were
given him to do an equal amount of work in each county provided there
was about the same number of bees in each of these counties.

During the past season the deputy inspectors were required to turn
in weekly reports instead of monthly reports. This was an advantage
because I was able to get my reports out on time, and enabled me to keep
a closer cheek on the deputy inspector's work.

Instructions for the coming year Avill be that the inspector make a
lagiole mark on the hive, putting down the letters 0. K. if the colony
is healthy and if disused naming the disease : A. F. B., E. F. B., Sac
or Pickle Brood, also the date when inspected.

Another important plan that I am following out is the appointing of
a Vigilance Committee in each of the twenty-eight districts. Each dis-
trict is allowed 15 or more men on the committee. They will be selected
from the men who have helped the deputy inspector during the past
season. By this plan I hope to get in closer contact with the beekeepers.
Some of the appointments on the Vigilance Committee have been made
in Districts 1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 19, 28.

This plan has the approval of the Department of Agriculture and
the State Beekeepers' Association and so far the beekeepers are accepting
it with great favor. During the next few months I hope that I can make
the rest of the appointments in the State.

Conforming to a budget the appropriation funds were divided
equally among the districts of the State, allowing each deputy inspector
a definite number of days work for the season. This method was greatly
appreciated by the deputy inspectors and they arranged their work so
that most of them worked all of the days allotted them.

The following are the totals for the amount of work done in each
district during the season:

— 7 B R

98 THIETY-THIKD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

C. L. DUAX,
Chief Inspector of Apiaries.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION".

99

No. of

No.

District

coloiiies

Examined

Diseased

Destroyed

Treated

1

5,004

4,204

397

320

77

2

4,578

4,578

561

553

8

3

5,000

3,560

752

337

415

4

3,391

2,423

151

122

29

5

5,970

5,970

382

52

267

6

6,720

5,670

678

282

396

7

3,267

3,267

1,105

• ■ •

■ ■ >

8

1,943

1,943

167

85

82

9

2,535

. 2,096

335

205

130

10

3,441

3,441

857

451

- 406

11

363

363

72

54

18

12

2,141

2,019

267

• •• •

267

13

1,506

1,506

252

71

181

14

4,788

4,354

475

212

263

15

3,358

2,978

498

244

254

16

3,962

3,077

873

571

302

17

3,097

2,577

419

112

307

18 .

4,124

4,017

264

• • •

264

19

3,975

3,813

316

185

131

20

1.038

617

302

• ■• •

• • •

21

4,706

4,706

81

70

11

22

2,165

1,764

553

24

8

23

3,481

2,896

331

155

• 176

24

3,936

3,333

219

81

138

25

4,656

4,150

307

56

60

26

4,096

3.764

695

650

45

27

5,136

5.136

163

163

• • •

28

2,796

2,796

104

24

42

Follov

.'ing are the

reports of

the Inspectors

from the tw

enty-eight

districts :

C. L.

DUAX.

Annual Report of District 1.
(Composed of Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Carroll, and Whiteside Counties.)

During the inspection season of 1934, beginning April 9th and
ending October 20th, I visited 348 apiaries with a total of 5004 colonies
in the four counties. I examined 4204 colonies and have found 397
colonies to be diseased with American foul brood, of these, 77 colonies
were treated and 320 colonies burned either by owner or myself.

Two meetings of the beekeepers of this district were held this sum-
m*er. The first meeting was held on June 4th at the home of Levi
Moirssee at Stockton. At this time a new association was organized
and much interest was shown in regard to the new program for in-
spection explained by Chief Inspector C. L. Duax. The areas of infec-
tion in this district were discussed and maps were shown of these areas.

Another meeting was held at the apiary of Charles Handel in
Savanna on September 30th. This was a most successful meeting, the
attendance being much larger than that of the first meeting. Interesting
talks were given by S. S. Claussen, Deputy Inspector from Oregon ;
C. L. Duax, and Mrs. Irene Duax of Chicago; Mr. Geo. Hartman of
Freeport brought a comb of American foul brood and this was shown
to the beekeepers.

C. W. DuERRSTEiN, Galena.

100 thiety-third and thirty-fourth annual reports of the

Annual Report District 2.
(Composed of Ogle, Lee and Winnebago Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 4,578

Total number of colonies diseased 561

Total number of colonies burned ^ 535

Total number of colonies treated 8

Total number of beekeepers meetings attended 6

Talks were given at all meetings attended on disease control. How
to Detect American Foul Brood, and How to Produce the most Honey.

Most of the inspection work was done in the small bee yards.

S. S. Claussen^ Oregon.

District No. 3.
(Lake-McHenry-Boone Counties.)

During the year of 1934, I commenced working on the 29th of
April and closing my work on the 20th of October. I have the following
report to offer :

There are approximately 350 apiaries in my district which consist
of about 5,000 colonies. Due to the insufficient time that was allotted
to me, I was able to visit only 310 apiaries. In these 310 apiaries, I
examined 3,560 colonies of which 752 were affected with American
foulbrood.

Of these 752 diseased colonies, I burned 337 myself and the remain-
ing 415 were either burned by the owners or treated by the shaking
method.

Due to the drought this year, the bees were more susceptible to con-
tract the disease since they consumed most of the honey that was stored
for a long number of years and which might have been contaminated.

In attending the three beekeepers' meetings in the past summer, I
have found them to be very educational to myself and especially to the
beekeepers. If a difficult problem confronts the beekeeper, he can bring
it to one of these meetings where it will be solved for him. The inspec-
tors are always busy at these meetings giving detailed information in
regard to treating or shaking diseased colonies and to other disorders
that may arise.

One of the greatest problems that the inspectors have to confront is
the bees in the houses, trees and old barns.

What can be done, with bees that can not be examined ?

C. P. Jankowski.

District No. 4.
(Kane and DeKalb Counties.)

Total number of colonies 3,391

Total number of colonies examined 2,423

Total number of colonies diseased 151

Total number of colonies treated 29

Total number of colonies burned 122

Ross R. Morrill, Inspector.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 101

I attended four Cook-DuPage Beekeepers' Association meetings dur-
ing the season, which brought me in contact with a number of new bee-
keepers seeking help and also offering their assistance in locating all
bees in their territory.

The meetings were also a benefit through the efforts of our adver-
tising chairman. Mrs. Duax, in stabilizing the prices of hone}' and the
many new uses of honey brought before the public.

Chicago, III., Odoher 20, 193Jf.
Mr. C. L. Duax, Chief Inspector of Apiaries, Chicago, 111.

Dear Mr. Duax : Reviewing the last years work of inspection in
Cook County, the work began May 1st, continuing until October 20th,
1934. During this time I visited 286 apiaries containing 2,883 colonies
of which 135 colonies were found to be diseased with A. F. B. ; 15
colonies were treated successfully, 120 being disposed of by the owner or
myself by fire.

This caused a loss of approximately 1.800 frames as many colonies
had one or more supers that were all destroyed.

We have something to look forward to in the future, relative to the
spread of the disease as all old honey in the hives was almost completely
exhausted and if diseased, it showed in the brood of the colony soon
after and detected by the beekeeper or inspector before getting much of
a start and taken care of promptly, preventing the danger of spreading.

With the cooperation of the beekeepers which seems to be increasing
each year. Cook County should be made clean of A. F. B. in the near
future.

Yours truly,

J. R. WOOLDRIDGE.

1021 AVest 70th St., Chicago, 111.

YEARLY REPORT OF DEPUTY WM. J. WALLANCHES OF

DOWNERS GROVE.

District No. 5.
(Composed of two counties, DuPage and Cook.)

Total number of colonies examined 1,766

Total number of diseased colonies 219

Total number of colonies treated 48

Total number of colonies burned - 115

I have attended two of the beekeepers' association meetings, and
found them very interesting and educational regarding inspection work.
I learned a bit myself, through the different discussions taking place,
and by getting acquainted with other inspectors and exchanging differ-
ent ideas. I also think these meetings are of a special value to the new
and also old beekeepers who always learn something new about beekeep-
ing and the different diseases especially American Foulbrood and learn
how to check the disease. The new beekeepers also get to know who
their inspector is and he in turn learns of their whereabouts, etc.
Yours very truly,

William J. Wallaxches.

■'.'-WW'^V

102 thikty-third and thirty-foueth aistnual reports of the

Annual Report of District No. 6.
(Composed of Will, Kendall and Grundy Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 5,670

Total number of colonies diseased 678

Total number of colonies burned 282

Total number of colonies treated 396

I attended four meetings of the association at which time inspec-
tion was a topic. The first, about closing up dead colonies, and if found
to be diseased, disposal of the same to prevent robbing, which is the
principle cause of spreading American foulbrood.

Theodore Wellner, Joliet.

Annual Eeport of District No. 8.
(Composed of Henry, Knox and Stark Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 1,943

Total number of colonies diseased 167

Total number of colonies burned 85

Total number of colonies treated 82

Elmer Kommer, Woodhull.

Annual Report of District No. 9.
(Composed of Rock Island, Mercer, Henderson and Wai'ren Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 2,096

Total number of colonies diseased 335

Total number of colonies burned 205

Total number of colonies treated 130

Attended three county meetings, one each in Mercer, Rock Island
and Henry Counties.

Dow Ripley, Taylor Ridge.

Hamilton, III., October 16, lOSJ/..
C. L. Duax, Chief Inspector, SJf-lJ/. S. Western Ave., Chicago, III.

Dear Sir : Herewith is the report for District No. 10, Hancock,
Adams and McDonough counties :

Number of colonies in District No. 10 3,441

Number of diseased colonies in District No. 10 857

Number of colonies treated in District No. 10 406

Number of colonies burned in District No. 10 451

The majority of colonies were inspected twice during the season. I
found many beekeepers antagonistic toward inspectors, and I have at-
tempted first of all, to gain the good will of the majority of them. In
so doing, perhaps I have been too lenient with some. I also considered
finances and crop conditions when dealing with them, by extending time
until they were able to purchase new material.

I mailed- out t\vo circular letters to the beekeepers of my district
during the season, urging them to keep their bees clean, and to learn
more about bee diseases. I also had government bulletins on bee dis-

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 103

eases and other bee subjects, mailed to 285 of the beekeepexs of my
district.

Two meetings were held in this district during the season, the first
one being a meeting of the Hancock County Association, which was
poorly attended. The second meeting was a district meeting, and was
attended by forty-five beekeepers. Instructive talks were given by Chief
Duax, C. P. Dadant and others. I believe that the chief benefit of these
meetings is in getting the support of those attending in inspection work.
Many who attended these meetings were a great help to me in the field.
The ones who need instructioiNao not attend meetings.

This being my first season at State inspection work, I am con-
science of many mistakes that only experience can correct.
Very truly yours,

Harry F. Leplar, Deputy District No. 10.

Annual Eeport of District No. 12.
(Composed of three counties, namely, Logan, Mason and Menard.)

Total number of colonies in District No. 12 1,740

Total number of colonies examined in District No. 12 1,618

Total number of diseased colonies in District No. 12 105

Total number of colonies treated in District No. 12 105

Total number of colonies burned in District No. 12 48

Yours very truly,

Vincent Peifer.

EoANOKE, III., October 19, 193Jf.

District No. 13 is composed of Woodford, Livingston and McLean
counties.

There probably are approximately four or five thousand colonies in
this district.

Number examined 1,506

Number diseased 252

Number treated 181

Number burned 36

EespectfuUy yours,

Benj. H. Fischer.

Annual Eeport of District No. 14.
(Composed of Iroquois, Kankakee and Ford Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 4,354

Total number of colonies diseased 475

Total number of colonies burned 212

Total number of colonies treated 263

Attended one association meeting of Iroquois, Ford and Kankakee
counties.

J. N. KoRiTZ, Buckley.

104 thiety-third and thirty-foukth annual reports of the

Annual Eefort of District No. 15.
(Composed of Champaign^, Douglas and Vermilion Counties.)

This is my report for the year 1934, beginning work the 11th day
of July, working 34 days, visited 244 apiaries, examined 1,445 colonies,
finding 355 diseased, 351 American foulbrood and 4 European foulbrood
and some sac brood; 244 were burned, and 111 were treated. Most of
my work was in territory that had never been inspected. There has
never been a beekeepers^ meeting in my district since I have been in-
spector, but I think there should be.

Herman Denhart, St. Joseph.

Annual Report of District ISTo. 16.
(Composed of DeWitt, Macon, Piatt and Moultrie Counties.)

Following is my report for District No. 16 :

Total number of colonies examined 3,962

Total number of colonies diseased 873

Total number of colonies burned 571

Total number of colonies treated 302

Special meetings were called in Macon, Piatt and Moultrie counties
for the purpose of instructing the beekeepers in recognizing and treat-
ing A. F. B. The associations of both Macon and Piatt counties were a
great help to me by giving me names of beekeepers and helping in every
way possible to locate diseased colonies.

C. W. Mussulman, Hammond.

x\nnual Report of District No. 17.
(Composed of Brown, Schuyler, Cass, Morgan and Scott Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 2,577

Total number of colonies diseased 419

Total number of colonies burned 112

Total number of colonies treated 307

I have attended about four or five meetings and found them quite a
help in finding the diseased areas.

Leonard Robins, Ripley.

Annual Report of District No. 18.
(Composed of Jersey, Greene, Pike, Macoupin atid Calhoun Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined ' 4,017

Total number of colonies diseased 264

Total number of colonies treated 264

C. A. Mackelden, Jerse}^ille.

illij^'ois state beekeepees' association. 105

Annual Eepokt of Disteict N"o. 19.
(Composed of Christian and Shelby Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 3,813

Total number of colonies diseased 316

Total number of colonies burned 185

Total number of colonies treated 131

Haeey King, Springfield.

Annual Eepoet op Disteict No. 21.

(Composed of Crawford, Jasper, Effingham, Clay, Wayne, Edwards,

Wabash, Lawrence and Richland Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 4,706

Total number of colonies diseased 81

Total number of colonies burned 70

Total number of colonies treated 11

I attended five county fairs with a bee exhibit. The exhibits re-
ceived much favorable comment.

John Skinnee, Assistant Chief Inspector, Albion.

Annual Repoet of Disteict No. 22.
(Composed of Montgomery, Bond and Fayette Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 325

Total number of colonies diseased : 27

Total number of colonies burned 24

Total number of colonies treated 3

I found nearly all the places visited that the folks were glad to have
their apiaries inspected and tried to cooperate in every way possible.

Geo. H, Hill, Hillsboro.

Annual Repoet of Disteict No. 23.
(Composed of Madison, St. Clair and Monroe Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 2,896

Total number of colonies diseased 331

Total number of colonies burned 155

Total number of colonies treated 176

The season was very unfavorable for inspection work, the fore part
was cold and the latter part hot and dry, causing the bees to rob five
months out of the six. The disease is well under control and with a lit-
tle more cooperation it can be kept that way.

Disteict No. 24.

lJf.09 Forest Ave., Mt. Vernon, III.
Deae Me. Duax : The following is my years report :
District No. 24 is composed of four counties, namely, Jefferson,
Marion, Clinton and Washington counties.

■.jyaj»?53^?

106 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Total number of colonies in District No. 24 3,936

Total number of colonies examined in District N'o. 24 3,333

Total number of colonies diseased in District No. 24 219

Total number of colonies treated in District No. 24 81

Total number of colonies burned in District No. 24 138

I attended four meetings in District No. 24 and one in District No.
23. I am sure that the beekeeping industry has been benefited from
them. They have encouraged both experienced and inexperienced bee-
keepers.

We must have the association meetings as closely connected as pos-
sible with the inspection work of the State. An inspector cannot do a
good work unless he has cooperation from all the beekeepers. The meet-
ings give the inspector a chance to secure this cooperation and secure
the help of enthusiastic beekeepers in finding the uninterested and care-
less beekeepers.

Yours truly,

Eeginald Bean.

Annual Report of District No. 25.
(Composed of Franklin, Jackson, Randolph and Perry Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 4,150

Total number of colonies diseased 307

Total number of colonies burned 56

Total number of colonies treated 60

Total number of box hives 1,282

I attended the beekeepers' meetings and I think they are very valu-
able as they educate the beekeepers as to the danger of American foul-
brood.

EoY Baxley, Christopher.

Annual Report of District No. 26.

(Composed of Hamilton, White, Gallatin, Saline, Pope and Hardin

Counties.)

Total number of colonies examined 3,764

Total number of colonies diseased 695

Total number of colonies burned . . . 650

Total number of colonies treated 45

Total number of box hives ; 2,825

Ora Lee Funkhouser, Eldorado.

Inspector's Report, District No. 27.

District No. 27, consisting of Williamson, Union, Johnston,
Massac, Pulaski and Alexander counties.

Number of colonies examined 5,136

Number of colonies diseased 163

Number of colonies burned 163

We did not treat any colonies since burning is the surest way of
getting rid of the disease.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 107

Two meetings were held, but they were not associational meetings
since we were unorganized. These meetings were well attended. At
them there was much discussion concerning the profits derived from
standard equipment and inspection. This was a fair year for honey in
these sections.

A. J. Phillips, Deputy Inspector,
1203 Borham Avenue, Johnston City, Illinois.

District No. 28.

Pekin, III., October 16, 1934-
C. L. Duax, Chief Inspector.

Dear Sir: I herewith hand you a report of which I am person-
ally proud of and feel that the 476 beekeepers I had the pleasure of
meeting and going through their 2,796 hives of which I found 104 dis-
eased as follows: 28 European foulbrood, 76 American foulbrood, 24
were burned by myself, the balance were taken care or by the owners.
Are well pleased also.

I wish to state I was in localities where they had never heard of
inspection, and found American foulbrood in the apiaries of two former
inspectors who complied with my request to burn.

In McLean County I find most of the American foulbrood and some
careless beekeepers.

Their county association is not or was not going so good while I
was in this territory.

I gave a lecture on American and European foulbrood and fur-
nished film strip Avhich was shown at Green Valley, 111., Pekin, 111., and
at the Pekin High School agricultural class.

I attended 25 association meetings and also the Demouth Memorial
meeting for four days. I find these meetings helpful to all who attend
and gives the inspector a chance to locate new beekeepers.

The Tazewell County Association held a July 4 open air meeting at
Hopedale. 111., at which our chief inspector attended. It was largely at-
tended by beekeepers from everywhere and the association has had
numerous requests for more of these meetings. The above report is from
District No. 12, composed of Tazewell County and McLean County.

Summary: 2,796 colonies examined; 104 diseased; 24 burned; 42
treated; 101 box-keg-washing machine-butter church hives.

Walter Scott Lohnes.

\

108 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

AMERICAN HONEY INSTITUTE.

Mrs. Jensen in her talk at the Mid- West Horticultural Exposition
presented the following analyses of the work of the American Honey
Institute.

What Is American Honey Institute?

It is an educational trade association organized for the purpose of
improving the beekeeping industry by creating a Greater Demand
For Honey.

It operates through a ntional and local good-will contact program.
Such a program develops interest in honey to the extent that
increased consumption results. The Institute sends to food
specialists facts concerning the nutritional value of honey as
well as practical recipes for its use. There specialists, who are
influencing the daily eating habits of the American people, incor-
porate in their food releases, advertising, and radio programs
these honey facts.

In addition, suggestions for club programs, school projects, demon-
stration outlines, marketing ideas, home and quantitative re-
cipes are furnished to teachers, institutions, homemakers and
producers everywhere.

Because of this new interest in honey, American Honey Institute
is rapidly becoming a clearing house for all information on honey.
Further research in uses for honey has also been. stimulated.

Does The Institute Buy or Sell Honey?

It does not ! It does, however, advertise its own members by includ-
ing a copy of the Honor Eoll in every set of material sent out.

How Is Memhership Determined?

There is no set membership fee. One Dollar per ton for each ton of
honey produced is suggested as the determining basis for mem-
bership. One may send money direct to the Institute or honey
to his nearest Receiver. The Receiver sends the money from the
sale of the honey direct to the Institute and the individual is
given membership credit.

That practice is not entirely satisfactory. Express charges have to
be deducted from the sale price which materially reduces the
membership. Prices of honey differ in various localities. Many
times the listing of a beekeeper's name on the Honor Eoll is
delayed because the Receiver cannot dispose of the honey im-
mediately. Unless the beekeeper understands these difl&culties,
there may be a misunderstanding.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION". 109

" ■ " i

What Is Ifs Service To Members?

The Institute is contacting the public every day in ^e wslj or
another. The printed evidence of the honey publicity secured
the past three years indicates that for every dollar allowed for
Institute operation, $40 of honey publicity was received. The
Institute has rediscovered the consumer for the beekeeper.
Through the Institute's influence, a code of ethics has gradually
crept into the entire beekeeping industry.
Fn addition to its promotional activities, the Institute offers the
following personal service to its members :

1. Honor Roll Listing.

Every member is listed on the Honor Eoll. This is printed
annually. It is included in every set of Institute material
sent to consumers, specialists and institutions; thus
giving each member personal advertising,

2. Contributor's Seal.

Every member may use the contributor's seal which sells
for $1 and may be secured from the Institute oflBce. It
may be used on labels, letterheads and literature. By
means of a mortise, the digits representing the year of
membership can be changed and the seals used as long as
the person is a member,

3, Institute Honey Helpings.

Honey Helpings are recipe leaflets. They are available to
members at cost. The literature is also furnished to non-
members but their prices are higher. Distributing recipe
leaflets to customers results in repeat orders for honey;
giving them to others creates a new market. Sample
copies wdth prices are available upon request,

4, Miscellaneous Service.

A member may send in the names and addresses of his local
home economics teachers, dietitians, doctors, cooking
school directors, editors, homemakers and the Institute
will mail a suitable set of material to the individual or
organization.

Special consultant service is available to members who wish
help with marketing ideas, labels, recipe leaflets, demon-
strations, etc,

American Honey Institute does not furnish literature in
quantity gratis. 4

All members who cooperate with the Institute may capitalize
on the following two programs :

NATIONAL HONEY WEEK— November 10-16. 1935,
(Suggested program is available upon request.) .

NATIONAL HONEY COOKEEY CONTEST.
(Kules and entry blank available upon request.)

110 thikty-thikd and thirty-fourth annual reports of the

List of Material Available.
To help you get the material you wish, a brief listing follows :
Consumers Service.

10 Cent Consumer Set. 1% Cent Consumer Set.

The person wishing this set must This set is sent free upon receipt of

send 10 cents in stamps or coin. It con- request. It contains:
tains: 30 Seasonal Honey Recipes.

Using Honey* Basic Rules for Using Honey.

Honor Roll. ' Honor Roll.

Salad Recipes.

Chemical Composition Chart.
New Uses For Our Oldest Sweet.
A Hundred Honey Helpings*.

Specialists Service.

Infant Bibliography — 2 pages of references on the use of honey for

babies.
Honey Bibliography — 8 pages of references on honey.
Chemical Composition Chart, Honor Roll, Using Honey and current

releases. ^

Institutional Service.

Quantitative Eecipes are available to :
Bakers —

Honey in the Bakeshop (24 page booklet).

Honey Recipes by Camille Den Dooven.

Honey Helpings for Bakers (4 page mimeographed set).

Honey Can Be Used in Baked Goods (4 page, illustrated).
Hospitals —

Honey Dishes For The Convalescent.
Hotels and Restaurants —

Special Suggestions for hotel and restaurant service.
Basic rules for using honey, chemical composition chart. Honor
Roll.

Producers Service.

National Honey Week Program —

Lists exhibit suggestions for all types of stores, continuity for
honey broadcasts, bee and honey talks, newspaper and
magazine articles and miscellaneous ideas.
Recipe Leaflets —

Sold at cost to members ; sold at a higher price to non-members.
Samples of leaflets with prices available upon request.
Annual Report for 1934 — per copy 6 cents.

* Using Honey — Carries the Seal of Acceptance of Foods Committee of Ameri-
can Medical Association. It gives fundamental rules for replacing sugar with
honey, defines liquid, solid and comb honey, outlines various flavors of honey,
and gives the latest information on chemical composition of honey.

*A Hundred Honey Helpings — Illustrated booklet containing 100 popular honey
recipes and winning recipes of the 1934 Honey Cookery Contest.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS^ ASSOCIATION. Ill

Is THE Institute Growing.

No. of Amt. of Aver.

Members. Member- per mo.
ship.
The first Honor Roll covering- April 1, 1930

to March 31, 1931 listed 289 $5,660.28 $471.69

The second Honor Roll covering April 1, 1931

to March 31, 1932 listed 297 5,770.88 480.07

The third Honor Roll covering April 1, 1932

to March 31, 1933 listed 473 5,718.94 476.58

The fourth Honor Roll covering April 1, 1933

to March 31, 1934 listed 800 6,483.54 540.28

The fifth Honor Roll covering April 1, 1934 to

December 31, 1934* listed 830 4,480.96 497.88

*Only a 9-month period whereas others are for 12-months.

American Honey Institute — Illinois Memberships Since January 1, 1934.

Holm, C Genoa $28.00

Evans, Richard K Hoopeston 1.00

Meineke, Ellsworth A Arlington Heights 5.00

Augenstein, A. A Dakota 1.00

McCormick, E. J Chicago, 6810 S. Winchester 1.00

Young, W. C Chicago, 8514 S. Elizabeth 1.00

Olson, C. A LaGrange, Edgeworth and 47th St .50

Lynn, Geo Lockport 2.00

Rife, C. A Naperville, 810 Chicago Ave 1.50

Rector, L. W Blue Island, 12944 S. California .50

Bodenschatz, Adam Lemont, 610 Porter 1.00

Gill, A. G Evanston, 2240 Ashbury 5.00

Blake, M. F Mt. Morris 1.00

Hassler, Wm. M Princeton 1.00

Taylor, Curtis Mounds 1.00

Page, Roy McHenry 1.00

Schultz, J. C Chicago, 2045 W. Madison 1.00

Strope, J. Floyd Pekin, 301 Caroline 1.00

Johnson, Alfred P Rankin 1.00

Bigler, George Clarendon Hills, ^21 Ogden 1.00

Woody. E. C Chicago, 1314 W. 31st St 1.00

Wicklein, F. A Percy 1.00

Burdzilanskas, Joe Pana, 505 N. Walnut 1.00

Hassler, Pearl Princeton, Route 6 1.00

Reid, George H Carlinville 1.00

Rogers, H. S Chicago, 8952 Blackstone Ave 2.00

Dean, L. A Big Rock 2.00

Greenwood, Donald W W^heaton 1.00

Donnell, Carson Donnellson 1.00

Laughlin, Harold W Butler 2.00

Krebs, Phillip Marissa 1.00

Doerman, A. W. T Blue Mounds 1.00

Jonkman & Costing Evergreen Park 1.00

Weed, Geo. H Lanark 1.00

Whiting, Ivan Roscoe 1.00

Anderson, C. J Morris 12.15

Fisher, Lawrence W Woodson 2.49

Ness, L. L Morris 11.00

Milum, V. G Champaign 5.00

Hollowell, J. J Farmer City , 2.54

Stanton, Edwin M., Jr Aurora, 1030 Chas. St 1.00

Holmes, A. L Jacksonville 3.35

112 THIETY-THIED AISTD THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Duckwell, W. G Jacksonville 3.34

Rocke, Lawrence Roanoke 2.00

Rocke, Raymond Morton 2.00

St. Clair Bee Association 719 W. Monroe St 5.00

Anonymous Chicago 20.00

Duax, C. L Chicago, 3414 Western Ave 1.00

Retzinger, Leo Northbrook 1.00

Kennett, O. W Ohlman 2.00

Graham, Grant Hillsboro, 1110 Marshall Ave 1.00

Zadel, Frank Witt 1.00

Nord, A Libertyville ;. . . 1.00

Osborn, Wesley W Hillsboro 1.00

Kirlin, Elva Warsaw 5.00

Gober, R. M Oregon .50

Smith's Apiary Greenville 1.00

Saline-Gallatin Co. Bee Ass'n . Ridgeway 5.00

Oltmans, Oltman Baileyville 1.00

LaSalle-Bureau Co. Bee Ass'n.LaSalle 2.00

Baab, John Chicago 1.00

Strieder, Mr. and Mrs. C. G. . . Brimfleld 1.50

Retzinger, Leo Northbrook 1.00

Foots, Harvey Green Valley 1.00

Rocke, R. H Morton 5.00

Claussen, S. S Oregon 1.00

LaRosh, Robert Pekin 1.00

Bartruff, Adolph Pekin ■,: 1.00

Belloth, Fred F Mt. Pulaski , . l.OO

Gill, A. G Chicago ". 5.00

Lohnes, Walter Scott Pekin 1.00

Tyler, S. A. San Jose 1.00

Rankin, R. E Payson 1.00

Vargo, J. J Granite City 3.60

Skinner, John Albion . , 1.00

Total $19L97

Total members — 75.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEIvEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 113

REPORT OF ADVERTISING COMMITTEE.

Funds for the Advertising Committee were received from following
sources — Beekeeping Associations, Bee Supply Houses, and Beekeepers:

Associations at $5.00 were as follows :
Cook-DuPage Rock Island Montgomery

Woodford Peoria Henry

Lake-McHenry JoDaviess

Morgan-Scott $3.00

Will 4.50

Total $47.50

/ Bee Supply Houses:

A. G. Gill (A. I. Root Co.), Chicago $ 5.00

Dadant Company, Hamilton 10.00

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis 5.00

Total $20.00

Beekeepers:

Reginald Bean $1.00 Peter Vree 50

C. J. Anderson 2.50 Frank Hoffman 1.00

L. L. Ness 2.50 C. L. Duax 2.00

Ed. Hendrickson 1.00 Herman Weipert 50

Gun Mosee 50 Richard Kriz 25

Bro. Frederick 1.00 Elmer Lubeck 50

L. Peterson 2.00 V. G. Milum 1.00

Total $16.25

Grand total $83.75

Expenditures.

Illinois Folders $55.00

Incidentals (Ham, Plates, etc.) 3.35

University of Illinois Printing 4.87

Illinois Posters 13.00

Service Charges 1.50

Checks (Tax) 08

Two Color Luncheon Menus 3.00

Total $80.80

Total Receipts $83.75

Final balance turned over to new Treasurer 2.95

Irene W, Duax, Chairman.
Edwin F. Peterson, Treasurer.

— 8 B R

S.tfi^^SS'!

114 thirty-third and thirty-fourth annual reports of the

Publicity Accomplished by the Advertising Committee During

THE Year of 1934. Z'

Out of 25,000 leaflets printed, 9,600 went to county association;
1,400 were left over and are being used as samples to give out to county
association members who are interested in the activities of the Advertis-
ing Committee. That leaves 14,000 given out at the fair, 6,000 Honey
Beauty, 10,000 leaflets from the University of Illinois.

The 6,000 Honey Beauty Hints and the 10.000 leaflets were in
addition to the 25,000 printed leaflets, making 41,000 pieces in all —
some record for the first year of an association !

\^

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION.

115

WINNING RECEIPTS IN HONEY CULINARY AT THE

1934 STATE FAIR.

(Mrs. Bertha E. King, Superintendent.)

Plain Honey Bread.

First Prize.

31/i cups flour
1/4 yeast cake
1 tsp. salt
1 small potato

Proceed as for any other bread.

1 cup liquid

% tbsp. shortening

2 tbsp. honey

Work extra well.

Plain Honey Bread.
Second Prize.

2 small potatoes

1 cake compressed yeast

4 cups warm watey .
1 tbsp. salt
3 tbsp. honey 3 tbsp. shortening

Run potatoes through a sieve into warm potato water. Add yeast, honey,
salt and shortening and about 13 cups flour, which has been warmed. When
adding first half of flour, beat hard. Proceed as for other bread.

Plain Honey Bread.
Third Prize.

4 cups lukewarm water
i cake compressed yeast, dissolved in
warm water
tbsp. honey

13% cups flour
3 tbsp. shortening
1 tbsp. salt
(Yields 4 loaves)

Proceed as for any other bread. Work extra well

l"
1

2
1

9

Ginger Bread.
Fii'st Prize.

cup sugar
cup butter
cup sour milk
tsp. soda (level)
tsp. cinnamon
tsps. ginger

V2. cup honey
1 cup molasses
3 cups flour
3 eggs
1 tsp. cloves
Pinch of salt

Cream sugar, honey, molasses and fat. Add well beaten eggs and sour
milk, beat well, add sifted dry ingredients. Beat well. Bake in moderate
oven.

Ginger Bread.

IV2 cups flour

1/4 cup brown

sugar

% cup honey

% tsp. ginger

Vs tsp. cloves

V2 cup fat

Second Prize.

1/2

cup

sour milk

1

tsp. 1

baking pov

V2

tsp.

soda

, . 1/2

tsp.

cinnamon

1/2

tsp.

salt

1 (

egg

Cream sugar and honey, add well beaten egg and milk alternately with
sifted dry Ingredients. Bake in moderate oven.

116 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Honey Muffins.
First Prize.

2% cups flour 1 tsp. salt

3 tbsp. honey 1 cup sweet milk
4% tsp. baking powder 1 egg

4 tbsp. fat

Mix well and bake in muffin tins. Serve with butter and honey.

Honey Muffins.

• Second Prize.

Vz cup honey % tsp. salt

1 cup flour 1 tbsp. melted butter

1/4 tsp. soda iy2 cups milk

Mix well and beat thoroughly. Bake in gem pans. Serve with honey.

Honey Muffins.

Third Prize.

1 cup white flour 3 tbsp. honey

1 cup whole wheat flour 1 egg

4 tsp. baking powder 1 cup sweet milk

V2 tsp. salt 3 tbsp. melted butter

Beat all together thoroughly. Bake in quick oven 15 to 20 minutes in
muflin pans.

Honey Hermits.

First Prize.

V2 cup honey % cup candied pineapple (chopped)

V2 cup sugar i/^ tsp. cinnamon

% cup butter i^ tsp. ginger

2 eggs iy2 tsp. soda

% cups dates (chopped) 2 cups flour

Cream butter, sugar and honey. Beat eggs. Have dates and pineapple
chopped. Mix and sift dry ingredients three times. Add eggs to creamed
mixture, then dates and pineapple, then dry ingredients. Bake 20 to 25
minutes in moderate oven.

Honey Hermits.

Second Prize.

% cup butter 1 cup currants

% each honey and brown sugar y^ cup nuts

2 tsp. sour milk Vz tsp. nutmeg

2 eggs 1 tsp. cinnamon

3 cups flour Other dried or candied fruits may be
1 cup raisins added if desired

Cream butter, sugar and honey. Beat eggs. Sift all dry ingredients
three times. Add milk, soda, raisins, currants, and nuts. Mix rest of in-
gredients in this and bake 20 to 25 minutes in moderate oven.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 117

Honey Hermits.

Third Prize.

4 tbsp. fat Yi tsp. salt

% cup brown sugar % tsp. cloves

^ cup honey 1 tsp. allspice

i egg 1 tsp. cinnamon

% cup milk Vi tsp. ginger

1% cups flour % cup nuts and raisins

2 tsp. baking powder

Cream butter, sugar, and honey. Beat egg. Mix and sift dry ingredi-
ents three times. Add milk to creamed ingredients, also the eggs, nuts and
raisins. Then add slowly, stirring in, all dry ingredients.

Honey Crisp Wafers.

First Prize.

1% cups flour 1/4 cup sugar

1 tsp. baking powder 1 egg, well beaten

% cup butter Vs tsp. soda

lA cup honey

Mix and beat extra well. Roll thin and bake in quick oven.

Honey Crisp Wafers.

Second Prize.

V2 cup butter 2i/^ cups flour

Vs cup sugar S^/^ tsp. baking powder

1 tbsp. lemon juice % tsp. salt

1 cup honey ' 1 egg

This must be thoroughly mixed, cream, butter, and sugar. Add un-
beaten egg, beat well. Add honey and lemon juice. Then flour mixed and
sifted with baking powder and salt. Roll dough thin, cut. Bake in mod-
erate (350°F.) oven until nicely browned.

Honey Crisp Wafers.
Third Prize.

1^ cups sugar 1 tsp. cloves

1 cup lard 1 tsp. cinnamon

2 eggs 1 tsp. ginger

1 cup honey 1 tsp. salt

2 tsp. soda Flour

3 tbsp. cold water ■

Mix and beat well using enough flour to make dough handle well. Roll
thin, cut and bake until brown — 10 to 15 minutes in moderate oven.

Honey Ginger Snaps.

First Prize.

V% cup honey % tsp. soda

% cup sugar % tsp. ginger

1/4 cup butter I14 cups flour

Mix well. Roll thin, cut and bake in moderate oven 15 to 20 minutes.

118 THIETY-THIRD AND THIKTY-FOUKTH ANNUAL RErORTS OF THE

Honey Ginger Snaps.

Second Prize.

y2 cup molasses 1 tsp. soda

V2 cup dark honey 1 tbsp. ginger

V2 cup butter

Mix molasses, honey and butter. Add ginger, and set over fire and stir
until butter is melted. Then stir in 4 cups flour in which the soda has been
sifted. Knead the dough until it becomes smooth. Set on ice over night.
Then roll as thin as possible. Bake in hot oven. (These look like store
snaps. )

Honey Ginger Snaps.

Third Prize.

Boil 1 cup lard, 1 cup sugar and 1 cup honey together. When almost
cool add 2 well beaten eggs. Have flour sifted in pan. Add 1 tsp. ginger,
1 tsp. cinnamon, and pinch of salt. Pour boiled mixture into this and add 1
heaping tsp. soda, dissolved in 1 tbsp. vinegar. Make a soft dough, roll thin,
bake in moderate oven.

Oatmeal Cookies.

First Prize.

V2 cup butter creamed with % cup sugar and % cup honey. Add 1 egg
well beaten, then 1 cup flour in which % tsp. soda and % tsp. cinnamon
have been sifted. Lastly add 1 cup oats and 1 cup raisins. Drop by spoonsful
on buttered pan. Bake in quick oven 10 to 15 minutes.

Oatmeal Cookies.

Second Prize.

V2 cup sugar 2 cups flour (sifted)

V2 cup dark honey Pinch of salt

1 cup butter 1 tsp. vanilla

2 cups oatmeal 1 cup ground raisins

1 scant tsp. soda in 4 tbsp. sour milk 1 tsp. cinnamon

2 eggs (well beaten)

Mix well and make in greased pans dropped by spoonful.

Honey Oatmeal Cookies.

TMrd Prize.

1/2 cup sugar 1 tsp. soda

1/^ cup honey 1 tsp. cinnamon

114 cups flour % tsp. cloves

1% cups rolled oats Pinch of salt
1^/4 cups raisins

Mix well and drop on greased pan by spoonful. Bake in hot oven
10 to 15 minutes.

Honey Divinity.
First Prize.

2 cups sugar 2 egg whites

Vs cup water Pinch of salt

Vs cup (light) honey

Boil together sugar, honey, and water until syrup spins a thread when
dropped from spoon (about 250 °F.). Pour syrup over well beaten whites of
eggs, beating all the time until mixture crystalizes. Drop in small pieces
on wax paper or buttered marble. Place i/^ nut meat on each piece if you like.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 119

Honey Divinity.

Second Prize.

3 cups sugar 2 egg whites

1/^ cup honey 1 cup nut meats

1 cup water

Place sugar, water and honey in pan and cook together to 250° F. Pour
over the well beaten egg whites. Beat until it stiffens. Add nut meats. Drop
by spoonfuls on butter paper or pour in well buttered pan and cut into
squares.

Honey Divinity.
Third Prize.

Vs. cup honey 2 Qgg whites

2 ciips sugar Pinch of salt
% cup water ^

Boil sugar, honey and water together until syrup spins a thread when
dropped from a spoon. Pour syrup over well beaten egg whites, beating
continuously and until the mixture crystalizes. Drop in small pieces on
wax paper.

Honey Devil's Food Cake.

Sweepstakes over all cakes at State Fair, 1934.
(This is an institute recipe.)

First Prize.

% cup honey i^ cup fat

Vi cup sugar 1 egg

% cup milk 2 squares bitter chocolate

2 Yz cups cake flour Vz teaspoon salt

Vz tsp. soda 2 tsps. baking powder

Cream sugar, fat, and honey thoroughly, add egg-yolk well beaten, then
melted chocolate, add sifted dry ingredients alternately with liquid. Fold
in egg white beaten until stiff. Bake in moderate oven (350 degrees F.) for
forty-five to fifty minutes.

Honey Devil's Food Cake.
Second Prize.

2y2 cups cake flour 2 eggs

% cup honey 1 tsp. baking powder

% cup butter 1 tsp. soda

% cup sugar 1 cup sour milk

4 squares chocolate

Cream butter, honey, and sugar, add melted chocolate and egg yolks,
add dry ingredients alternately with liquid. Lastly fold in stiffly beaten egg
whites. Bake in moderate oven.

120 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPOETS OF THE

Honey Devil's Food Cake.
Third Prize.

% cup Kellogg's Kaffee Hag coffee
(cold)

cinnamon

Vz tsp,
Vz cup sugar
3 eggs separated
1 tsp. vanilla

% cup butter

% cup strained honey

V2 tsp. salt

Vz cup cocoa

1% cup flour

'Vz tsp. soda

^2 cup walnut meats (chopped)

Cream butter, add honey, sugar, and egg yolks, beat until mixture is
light. Stir in nut meats and vanilla. Sift dry ingredients together and beat
egg whites. To the creamed . mixture add the dry ingredients alternately
with coffee, stirring batter till smooth. Fold in egg whites and pour into
buttered pans. Bake at 375 °F. for twenty minutes, then down to 350 °F.
for fifteen minutes (2 layers).

Yellow Honey Cake.
First Prize.

2 cups flour

V2 tsp. baking powder

1 tsp. soda

Then honey. Its better than honey

1 cup honey (scant)
y^ cup butter

2 eggs, well beaten
1 cup sour milk

Cream butter, add milk and flour,
added to butter. Pint of flour if desired for right consistancy.

Yellow Honey Cake.
Second, Prize.
I'M cups sugar

% cup honey

^2 cup shortening

3 whole eggs

3 cups flour

4 tsp. baking powder
1 cup milk

Cream shortening, sugar and honey. Add milk and eggs well beaten.
Then flour in which baking powder has been sifted. Beat, beat, beat. Pour
in well greased pans and bake in moderate oven.

Yellow Honey Cake.
Third Prize.

2 tsp. baking powder
% tsp. soda

3 egg yolks and 1 egg white
1 tsp. vanilla

% cup butter

liyi cup sugar

1 cup, less 11/^ tbsp. of water

% cup honey

3 cups Swansdown cake flour

Cream butter, sugar and honey well. Sift flour, and measure, add baking
powder and soda; sift together. Add water and flour alternately. Add
flavoring. Fold in stiffly beaten eggs and beat vigorously. Bake in a
moderate oven.

Honey Nougat.

First Prize.

5 tbsp. nougat cream
^2 cup water

2 cups sugar
'V2 cup honey
1 cup syrup

Cook sugar, syrup, and honey together to 270 °F. Remove 'from fire and
stir in nougat cream. Add fruit and nuts. Mould in buttered pans. Cut
and wrap.

ILLINOIS STATE BEElvEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 121

Honey Nougat.

Second Prize.

% cup honey V2 cup brown sugar

1 lb. almonds 2 egg whites (well beaten)

Cook honey and brown sugar until it spins a thread when tried. Pour
over well beaten egg whites and beat well. Add. almonds and pour into well
greased pan. Cut and wrap.

Honey Nougat.
Third Prize.

3 lbs. sugar 3 lbs. glucose

1 lb. honey 1 pt. water

Cook to 248 °F. whites of 4 eggs beaten stiff, then add tsp. vanilla.
Add one-half above batch to eggs, beating constantly. Cook remainder to
256 °F. Pour one-half batch into kettle. Beat until quitfe stiff. Add I14
lbs.' nutmeats. Pour into well buttered pan. Cut and wrap.

Honey Fudge.
First Prize.

2 cups sugar 1 cup milk or cream
2 tbsp. honey Pinch salt

Cook until soft ball is formed when dropped in cold water. Then beat
well and pour in mold and cut in squares.

Honey Fudge.

Second Prize.

% cup honey 1^ tsp. salt

2 cups sugar 1 square chocolate (cut fine)

1 cup evaporated milk 1 cup nutmeats

Boil sugar, chocolate, salt and milk for five minutes. Add honey and
cook to soft ball stage (235°F.). Add butter, let stand until lukewarm. Beat
until creamy. Add nuts. Pour on butter pan, when cold cut into squares.

Honey Fudge.
Third Prize.

2 cups sugar 1 cup coffee cream
5 tbsp. grated chocolate Pinch of salt

1 cup honey

Cook until soft ball forms when dropped in cold water. Pour in well
buttered pan. When cold cut into squares.

\

122 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

WINNING RECIPES OF THE PLEASANT PLAINS
FARMERS INSTITUTE.

HONEY FUDGE— First— Mrs. Wm. Goff— New Berlin.
Second — Mrs. Hoyt Taylor — Pleasant Plains.
Third — Mrs. Carrie Rimmerman — Pleasant Plains.

HONEY OATMEAL COOKIES.

First — Ruth Widdows — Springfield.

Second — Mrs. Irwin Whitcomb — Pleasant Plains.

Third — Mrs. Wm. GofE — New Berlin.

HONEY MUFFINS.

First — Mrs. Wm. Goff— NeW Berlin.
Second — Mrs. John Shutt — Chatham.

HONEY DEVILS FOOD CAKE.

First — Mrs. Hoyt Taylor — Pleasant Plains.
Second — Mrs. Irwin Whitcomb — Pleasant Plains.
Third — Mrs. John Shutt — Chatham.

WINNING RECIPES OF THE STATE FAIR— (WITH HONEY).

First Prize — Honey Whole Wheat Bread (Four Loaves).
4 cups warm water 4% cups flour, 9 cups whole wheat

1 cake compressed yeast dissolved in flour

warm water

3 tablespoons honey, 3 tablespoons

fat, 1 tablespoon salt
Proceed as for any bread.

Second Prize — Honey Whole Wheat Bread (One Loaf).

1 cup potato yeast 1% cup white flour r

1 tablespoon salt 2 tablespoons honey ' •

2 cups graham or whole wheat flour 1 tablespoon lard-

Proceed as for any potato yeast bread.

Third Prize — Honey Whole Wheat Bread.

2 small potatoes 1 tablespoon salt

1 cake compressed yeast 3 tablespoons honey

2 tablespoons honey 3 tablespoons fat

4 cups warm water

Run potatoes through sieve into warm potato water, add yeast, honey,
salt and fat, and about 9 cups whole wheat flour, beat hard, then add 4 cups
white flour. Proceed for other bread.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 123

- > ■ -

First Prize — Honey Oatmeal Gems. -^ ' ■

3 cups flour 1/^ cup shortening

3 cups oatmeal 1% cup. sweet milk

1 cup seedless raisins i/^ tablespoon soda

1 cup honey • 2 level tablespoons soda

Yz cup sugar 2 level tablespoons baking powder

1 tablespoon vanilla , 1 cup nut meats

Cream butter, honey and sugar thoroughly, then add milk, mix well,
sift flour once before measuring, then add flour sifted at least three times,
with baking powder, soda and salt, add next oats and nuts mixed. Chopped
raisins add lastly the vanilla. Pour in well greased muffin tins and bake in
hot oven, for 20 minutes.

Second Prize — Honey Oatmeal Gevis.

1/4 cup honey 1 cup oatmeal

Y2 cup brown sugar 1V4 cup flour

1 egg 2 tablespoons baking powder

.1 cup cold water 1 tablespoon lemon extract

Add Y2 cup of raisins last — No Method given.

Third Prize — Honey Oatmeal Gems.

Yz cup sugar 1 tablespoon soda, 2 eggs, 2 cups oat-

1/2 cup honey . meal

1 cup fat 2 cups flour, 1 cup raisins and nuts

1 tablespoon cinnamon Yz ta,blespoon each of hutmeg and

1 cup sour milk ginger

Cream sugar, fat and honey, add milk, then dry ingredients, add raisins
and nuts, add eggs, mix well. Bake in Gem pans in moderate oven. 25
minutes. Level measures.

First Prize — Honey Date Bars.

% cup flour Yz pound dates

% cup nuts % tablespoon salt

^2 tablespoon baking powder 14 cup honey

2 eggs 14 cup sugar

No method given.

Second and third prizes were Kellogs Honey Date Bars. ,

124 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

LIST QF AWARDS AT THE ILLINOIS STATE FAIR— 1933.

Class J.

C. L. Duax, Superintendent; Judge. A. A. Leibold.

LOT 111— BEES AND HONEY.

Case of white comb honey, 24 sections — 6 entries, 6 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois. $7.00

2nd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 5.00

3rd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 3.00

4th7— L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois 2.00

5th — ^Walter I. Wright, R. 3, Tiskilwa, Illinois 1.00 »

Case of amber comb honey, 24 sections — 6 entries, 4 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois $7.00

2nd — Peterson & Son, L., Kewanee, Illinois 5.00

3rd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 3.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 2.00

Frame of comb honey for extracting — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — ^Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois $6.00

2nd — Edwin Kommer, R. R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 4.00

3rd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 2.00

4th — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois 1.00

Collection of labeled cases each containing 12 or more sections of white

and amber — 5 entries, 4 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois $10.00

2nd — ^Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 7.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 4.00

4th — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois 2.00

Display of comb honey, not less than 250 sections — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois $50.00

2nd — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 35.00

3rd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 25.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 20.00

5th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois ; 15.00

Display of light extracted honey, 40 to 60 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois $10.00

2nd — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois. 5.00

3rd — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 2.00

5th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 1.00

Display of amber extracted honey, 40 to 60 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois. . .' $10.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 5.00

3rd— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 3.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 2.00

5th — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois. . . ? 1.00

ILLINOIS STATE 'BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 125

Display of extracted honey, not less than 250 pounds — 5 entities, 5 shown:

1st— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois \ $40.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois \ 30.00

3rd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois .(! 25.00

4th — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois 20.00

5th — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 15.00

Display of candied honey, not less than 150 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois. $35.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W: 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 25.00

3rd — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois 20.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 15.00

5th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 10.00

Display of designs in comb honey executed by the bees under the con-
trol of the apiarist-^5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois : $20.00

2nd — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 15.00

3rd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 10.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 5.00

One frame observation hive, three banded Italian bees with queen — 5
entries, 5 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois $8.00

2nd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 6.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 4.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 2.00

One frame observation hive, Golden Italian bees with queen — 6 entries,
6 shown:

1st— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois $8.00

2nd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 6.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 4.00

4th— Walter I. Wright, R. 3, Tiskilwa, Illinois 2.00

One frame observation hive, any other race except hybrids, three-banded
and Golden Italian bees with queen, correctly named — 5 entries, 4 shown:

1st— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois $8.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 6.00

3rd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 4.00

4th — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 2.00

Display of beeswax, not less than 25 pounds of wax moulded by the
apiarist — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois $25.00

2nd — ^Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 15.00

3rd — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 12.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, .Pleasant Plains, Illinois 9.00

5th — L. Peterson &" Son, Kewanee, Illinois 6.00

Art designs in beeswax, not less than 5 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois $15.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 10.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 8.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 6.00

5th Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois 4.00

Honey vinegar, one half gallon, with recipe for making — 5 entries, 4
shown:

1st — L. Peterson & Son, Kewanee, Illinois $4.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 3.00

3rd — Edwin Kommer, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois ^ 2.00

4th— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois < 1.00

126 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Sweepstakes — 5 entries, 5 shown.

1st — Edwin Komnier, R. 4, Cambridge, Illinois Ribbon

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W 70th St., Chicago, Illinois Ribbon

3rd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois Ribbon

LOT 112— BEES AND HONEY— (AMATEURS).

Case of white comb honey, 24 sections — 2 entries, 2 shown:

1st — Albert Davis, Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois ?5.00

2nd^— Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois 3.00

Case of amber comb honey, 24 sections — 2 entries, 2 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois $5.00

2nd — Albert Davis, Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

Light extracted honey, 24 l-poimd labelled jars — 2 entries, 2 shown:

1st — Albert Davis, Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois $5.00

2nd— Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois 3.00

Amber extracted honey, 24 1-pound labelled jars — 2 entries, 2 shown:

1st — Albert Davis, Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois $5.00

2nd — Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois 3.00

One frame Observation hive, three banded Italian bees with queen — 2
entries, 2 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois $5.00

2nd — Albert Davis, Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

One frame Observation hive, Golden Italian bees with queen — 2 entries,
none shown.

Display molded beeswax, not less than 10 pounds — 2 entries, 2 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois $7.00

2nd — Albert Davis, Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois 5.00

Best arrangement of the above entries and additional materials for an
attractive display — 2 entries, 2 shown:

1st— Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois $12.00

2nd — Albert Davis, Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois 8.00

Amateur Sweepstakes — 2 entries, 2 shown.

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois Ribbon

2nd — Albert Davis, Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois Ribbon

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION. 127

LIST OF AWARDS AT THE ILUNOIS STATE FAIR— 1934.

Class J.

Superintendent, C. L. Duax; Judge, Harry A. Luer.

LOT 109— BEES AND HONEY.

Case of white comb honey, 24 sections — 9 entries, 9 shown:

1st— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois $7.00

2nd — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 5.00

3rd — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois . . ; 3.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 2.00

5th — O. R. Matthew, Virginia, Illinois 1.00

Case of amber comb honey, 24 sections — 7 entries, 4 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $7.00

2nd — ^Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 5.00

3rd— L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 N. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois. 2.00

Frames of comb honey for extracting — 9 entries, 8 shown:

1st — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois $6.00

2nd — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois 4.00

3rd — D. J. Blocher, Pearl City, Illinois 2.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 1.00

Collection of labeled cases, each containing 12 or more sections of white
and amber honey — 6 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $10.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 7.00

3rd— L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois. 4.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 2.00

5th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 1.00

Display of comb honey, not less than 250 sections — 8 entries, 8 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $50.00

2nd — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 35.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 25.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 20.00

5th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 15.00

Display of light extracted honey, 40 to 60 pounds — 6 entries, 6 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $10.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 5.00

3rd — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

4th — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 2.00

5th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 1.00

Display of amber extracted honey, 40 to 60 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $10.00

2nd — ^Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 5.00

3rd — ^Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 3.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 2.00

5th — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 1.00

128 THIETY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Display of extracted honey, not less than 250 pounds — 8 entries, 8 shown:

1st — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois $40.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 30.00

3rd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 25.00

4th — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 20.00

5th — Tazewell County Beekeepers' Assn., Pekin, Illinois 15.00

Display of candied honey, not less than 150 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois |35.00

2nd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 25.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 20.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 15.00

5th — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 10.00

Display of design in comb honey executed by the bees under the control
of the apiarist — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st — D. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois $20.00

2nd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 15.00

3rd — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois 10.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 5.00

One frame observation hive, three-banded Italian bees with queen — 6
entries, 6 shown:

1st — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois $8.00

2nd— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois '. . . 6.00

3rd — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois 4.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 2.00

One frame observation hive. Golden Italian bees with queen — 8 entries,
7 shown:

1st— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois $8.00

2nd— O. R. Matthew, Virginia, Illinois 6.00

3rd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 4.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter Street, Lemont, Illinois 2.00

One frame observation hive, any other race except hybrids, three-banded
and Golden Italian bees, with queen, correctly named — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois $8.00

2nd — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois 6.00

3rd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 4.00

4th— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 2.00

Display of beeswax, not less than 25 pounds of wax moulded by the
apiarist — 6 entries, 6 shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $25.00

2nd — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 15.00

3rd — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 12.00

4th— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 9.00

5th — D. H., Blocher, Pearl City, Illinois 6.00

Art designs in beeswax not less than 5 pounds — 5 entries, 5 shown:

1st— Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois $15.00

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 10.00

3rd — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 8.00

4th — Adam Bodenschatz, 610 Porter St., Lemont, Illinois 6.00

5th — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois 4.00

Honey vinegar, one-half gallon, with recipe for making — 6 entries, 6
shown:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois $4.00

2nd — Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, Illinois 3.00

3rd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois 2.00

4th — Tazewell County Beekeepers' Association, Pekin, Illinois 1.00

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 129

Sweepstakes:

1st — Edwin Kommer, Andover, Illinois • Ribbon

2nd— J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St., Chicago, Illinois Ribbon

3rd — L. Peterson & Son, 1325 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois Ribbon

LOT 110— BEES AND HONEY— (AMATEURS).

Case of white comb honey, 24 sections — 6 entries, 5 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, Princeton, Illinois, R. F. D. No. 6 $5.00

2nd — Albert Davis, 1206 Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

3rd — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 2.00

Case of amber comb honey, 24 sections — 5 entries, 4 shown:

1st — ^Albert Davis, 1206 Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois $5.00

2nd— Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois 3.00

3rd — C. C. Howser, Atlanta, Illinois 2.00

Light extracted honey, 24 1-pound labeled jars — 4 entries, 3 shown:

1st — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois $5.00

2nd — Albert Davis, 1206 Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

3rd— Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois 2.00

Amber extracted honey, 24 1-pound labeled jars — 4 entries, 4 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois $5.00

2nd— S. A. Tyler, San Jose, Illinois 3.00

3rd — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine Street, Kewanee, Illinois 2.00

One frame observation hive, three banded Italian bees with queen — 4
entries, 4 shown:

1st — Albert Davis, 1206 Roseview Ave., Kewanee, Illinois $5.00

2nd — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine St., Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

3rd — Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois 2.00

One frame observation hive, three banded Italian bees with queen — 3
entries, 1 shown:
1st— Wm.. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois. $5.00

Display molded beeswax, not less than 10 pounds — 5 entries, 4 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois $7.00

2nd — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine Street, Kewanee, Illinois 5.00

3rd — Albert Davis, 1206 Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois 3.00

Best arrangement of the above entries and additional materials for an
attractive display — 3 entries, 3 shown:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois... .. $12.00

2nd — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine Street, Kewanee, Illinois 8.00

3rd — Albert Davis, 1206 Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois 5.00

Amateur Sweepstakes:

1st — Wm. M. Hassler, R. F. D. No. 6, Princeton, Illinois Ribbon

2nd — ^Albert Da.vis, 1206 Roseview Avenue, Kewanee, Illinois Ribbon

3rd — Lawrence Cook, 1218 Pine Street, Kewanee, Illinois Ribbon

r

-9 B R

130 THIETY-THIRD AXD THIIJTY-FOURTH AXXUAL REPORTS OF THE

NATIONAL HONEY COOKERY CONTEST.

RULES. . 1

1. Contest is open to everyone.

2. All entries must reach Detroit, Michigan, by October 1, 1935. .

3. Address entries to: ' .- ' .

American Honey Institute ■

Detroit, Michigan. Attention: Cookery Contest.

4. An individual entry blank must accompany each entry. These may be
obtained by writing American Honey Institute, Madison, Wisconsin. Be
sure to state the number of blanks desired.

5. Entries in all classes may be made by an individual.

6. In mailing the package, be sure that:

a. It is legibly and properly addressed. .

b. It contains your return address.

c. It carries entry blank to assure proper identification. This may
be done by pasting the envelope containing the blank on the
outside of the package. The envelope requires a 3c stamp.

Class A.

FRUIT CAKE.

Entries in this class
must use all honey as a
source of sweetening.

There will be two sec-
tions in this class:

1. Baked.

2. Unbaked.

Suggestions:

1. To prevent drying,
wrap in waxed paper
or cellophane.

2. Pack in corrugated
paper for shipping.

3. Weight should aver-
age 114 pounds.

4. Do not ice. Fruit
decorations are de^
sirable.

CLASSES.

Class B.

chocolate cooky.-

Entries in this class

must use at least fifty

per cent honey as a

source of sweetening.

Suggestions:

1. Pack in glass jar or
tin can to prevent
breaking.

2. At least one dozen
cookies should be
entered.

3. Cookies should not
be iced.

JUDGING.

Judging will be based on the following points:

Appearance 10

Texture 20

Flavor 30

Eating Qualities 20

Baking 10

Age 10

Appearance 10

Texture 15

Flavor 40

Eating Qualities 35

Baking 10

Class C.

caramel candy.

Entries in this class
must use thirty-three
and one-third per cent
or more honey as a
source of sweetening.

Suggestions:

1. Wrap pieces indi-
vidually in wax pa-
per or cellophane.

2. Enter at least one-
half pound of candy.

Appearance 10

Texture 15

Flavor 40

Eating qualities ....35

Age

.10

PRIZES.

List of prizes available upon request.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION. 131

CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE ILLINOIS
STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

- CONSTITUTION.

* Adopted Febeuary 26, 1891.

• ARTICLE I.

Iv This organization shall be known as The Illinois State Beekeepers' As-

sociation, and its principal place of business shall be at Springfield, Illinois.

' ARTICLE II— Object.

Its object shall be to promote the general interests of the pursuit of bee-
culture. 1

' • :[ ARTICLE III — Membership.

Section 1. Any person interested in apiculture may become a member
upon the payment to the Secretary of an annual fee of one dollar and fifty
cents ($1.50). (Amended to $1.75, 1919; amended to $1.00 at annual meeting
December, 1928.) And any afiiliating association, as a body may become
members on payment of an aggregate fee of fifty cents (50c) per member, as
amended, 'November, 1910. (Associations must have affiliated 10 or more
members in one of two previous years.)

Sec. 2. Any person may become honorary members by receiving a
majority vote at any regular meeting.

,■■-■■ _ /. .

ARTICLE IV— Officers.

■ Section 1. The officers of this association shall be, President, Vice-
President, Secretary and Treasurer. (Since amended to include 5 regional
Vice-Presidents.) Their terms of office shall be for one year, or until their
successors are elected and qualified.

Sec 2. The President, Secretary and Tieasurer shall constitute the
Executive Committee.

Sec 3. Vacancies in office — by death, resignation and otherwise — shall
be filed by the Executive Committee until the next annual meeting.

ARTICLE V — Amendments. ' -

This Constitution shall be amended at any annual meeting by a two-
thirds vote of all the members, present — thirty days' notice having been given
. to each member of the association. " .

BY-LAWS. -
, ARTICLE L

■ «

The officers of the association shall be elected by ballot jand by a majority
■ vote. /, ^

; ARTICLE IL , •

It shall be the duty of the President to call and preserve order at all
meetings of this association; to call for all reports of officers and commit-
tees; to put "to vote all motions regularly seconded; to count the vote at all
elections, and declare the results; to decide upoii all questions of order, and
to deliver an address at each annual meeting.

132 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

ARTICLE III. ^

The Vice President shall be numbered, respectively, First, Second,' Third,
Fourth, and Fifth, and it shall be the duty of one of them, in his respective
order, to preside In the absence of the President.

ARTICLE IV.

Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Secretary to report all proceed-
ings of the association, and to , record the same, when approved, in the
Secretary's book; to conduct all correspondence of the association, and to
file and preserve all papers belonging to the same; to receive the annual dues
and pay them over to the Treasurer, taking his receipt for the same; to
take and record the name and address of every member of the association;
to cause the Constitution and By-Laws to be printed in appropriate form
and in such quantities as may be directed by the Executive Committee from
time to time, and see that each member is provided with a copy thereof; to
make out and publish annually, as far as practicable, statistical tables show-
ing the number of colonies owned in the spring and fall, and the amount
of honey and wax produced by each member, together with such other in-
formation as may be deemed important, or be directed by the Executive
Committee; and to give notice of all meetings of the association in the
leading papers of the State, and in the bee journals at least four weeks prior
to the time of such meeting.

Sec. 2. The Secretary shall be allowed a resonable compensation for
his services, and to appoint an assistant Secretary if deemed necessary.

ARTICLE V.

It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to take charge of all funds of the
association, and to pay them out upon the order of the Executive Committee,
taking a receipt for the same; and to render a report of all receipts and
expenditures at each annual meeting.

ARTICLE VI.

It shall be the duty of the Executive Committee to select subjects for
discussion and appoint members to deliver addresses or read essays, and to
transact Till interim business.

ARTICLE VII.

The meeting of the association shall be, as far as pi-acticable, governed
by the following order of business:
Call to order.

Reading minutes of last meeting.
President's address.
Secretary's report.
Treasurer's report.
Reports of committees.
Unfinished business.
Reception of members and collection.
Miscellaneous business.
Election and installation of officers.
Discussion.
Adjournment.

ARTICLE VIII.

The By-Laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of all the mem-
bers present at any annual meeting.

C. E. YocuM,
, Aaron Coppin,

Gex). F. Robbins.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION". 133

CHARTER MEMBERS.

Col. Charles F. MUls, Springfield. Geo. F. Robbins, Mechanicsburg.

Hon. J. M. Hambaugh, Spring. J. W. Yocum, Williamsville.

Hon. J. S. Lyman, ' Farmingdale. Thos. S. "Wallace, Clayton.

C. P. Dadant, Hamilton. A. J. England, Fancy Prairie.

Chas. Dadant, Hamilton. P. J. England, Fancy Prairie.

A. N. Draper, Upper Alton. C. E. Yocum, Sherman.

S. N. Black, Clayton. Jas. A. Stone, Bradfordton.
Aaron Coppin, Wenona.

HONORARY MEMBERS. ^

1891 — Thos. G. Newman, Editor American Bee Journal, Chicago.
1892 — Frank Benton, Agricultural Dept., Washington, D. C. ]

Rev. W. F, Clarke, Guelph, Ontario.
1893— Rev. A. H. Bates, Springfield.

Col. Chas. F. Mills, Springfield.
18p4— Geo. W. York, Chicago.

(Now Editor Bees and Honey, Alhambra, California.)
A. I. Root, Medina, Ohio.
"W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Michigan.
E. R. Root, Medina, Ohio.
C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Illinois.
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, Illinois.
E. D. Townsend, Altamont, Michigan.
1911— Dr. E. F. Phillips, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
Dr. G. Bohrer.
Miss Lillian M. Stewart.
1919 — Jas. A. Stone, Farmingdale, Illinois.

Aaron Coppin, Wenona, Illinois.
1928— Dr. A. C. Baxter, Springfield.

A. L. Kildow, Putnam.
1934 — Adam Bodenschatz, Lemont, Illinois.
Charter members deceased 1931-1934 —
Jas. A. Stone, Springfield, Illinois.
A. N. Draper, Upper Alton.
Charter member living 1935 —

C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, Illinois.

134 THIETY-THIRD AND THIETY-POUETH ANNUAL REPOETS OF THE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
. Washington, D. C.

Information About Bee Culture.

There are many persons in the United States who own bees, but
there are not enough who keep bees efficiently or who make beekeeping
a speciality. Efficiency in beekeeping is based upon a thorough knowl-
edge of the life and behavior of bees, upon foresight and lack of pro-
crastination, the proper use of equipment, and careful attention to mar-
keting problems.

This circular is prepared to present -in brief form certain informa-
tion not included in the following bulletins. If your beekeeping
questions are not answered in the department publications, the Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine will be glad to render any fur-
ther assistance possible.

Jas. I. Hambleton,

Senior Apiculturist.

Publications for Sale.

The following publications may be purchased from the Superin-
tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
by postal money order, express order, or i^ew York draft. If currency
is sent, it will be at sender's risk. Postage stamps, defaced or worn
coins, foreign coins and uncertified checks will not be accepted :

Farmers' Bulletin 653 — Honey and Its Uses in the Home 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 695 — Outdoor Wintering of Bees 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 961 — Transferring Bees to Modern Hives 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 975 — Control of European Foulbrood 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1012 — Preparation of Bees for Outdoor Wintering. 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1014 — Wintering Bees in Cellars 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1039 — Commercial Comb Honey Production 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1198^Swarm Control 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1215— beekeeping in the Clover Region 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1216 — fieekeeping in the Buckwheat Region 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1222 — Beekeeping in the Tulip-tree Region 5 cents

Farmers' Bulletin 1713 — Treatment of American Foulbrood 5 cents

Department Giro. 284 — Sterilization of American Foulbrood Combs.. 5 cents
Department Circ. 287 — Occurrence of Diseases of Adult Bees, II.... 5 cents
Circular 24 — United States Grades, Color Standards and Packing Re-
quirements for Honey. A chart showing requirements-^^for grades

of honey is Included V-Tan^ 5 cents

Technical Bulletin 149 — Fungous Diseases of the Honeybe^.N.^. . . .10 cents
Technical Bulletin 309 — The Development of Package-Bee Colonies.. 10 cents

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. 135

Dept. Bulletin 810 — European Foulbrood 10 cents

Dept. Bulletin 1339— Effect of Weather Upon tlie Change in Weight

of a Colony of Bees During the Honeyflow 10 cents

Dept. Bulletin 1349 — Brood-rearing Cycle of the Honeybee 10 cents

Dept. Bulletin 1364 — Effects on Honeybees of Spraying Fruit Trees

with Arsenicals 5 cents

Honey Poster ais'^d Comb Honey Grading Chart.

It's All Good Honey — an educational poster 21" x 30" printed in four
colors, designed to acquaint the public with honey 15 cents

Comb Honey Grading Chart — showing U. S. standard color require-
ments for comb honey 5 cents

Papers Appearing in the Journal of Agricultural Research.

Reactions of the Honeybee to Light, by L. M. Bertholf, Vol. 42, No. 7,

April, 1931 20 cents

Some of the Characteristics of Yeasts Found in Fermenting Honey,
by G. E. Marvin and others. Vol. 43, No. 2,; July, 1931 20 cents

The Distribution of Stimulative Efficiency 'in the Ultra-Violet
Spectrum for the Honeybee, by L. M. Bertholf, Vol. 43, No. 8,
October, 1931 20 cents

Relation of Commercial Honey to the Spread of American Foulbrood,
by A. P. Sturtevant. Vol. 45, No. 5, September, 1932 (Reprint
K-228) 5 cents

The Flight Range of the Honeybee, by J. E. Eckert, Vol. 47, No. 5,

September, 1933 (Reprint K-242) 5 cents

Some Physiological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Honeybees,
by L. M. Bertholf, Vol. 47, No. 6, September, 1933 (Reprint K-243) . 5 cents

Changes in Total Nitrogen Content During the Life of the Imago of
the Worker Honeybee, by M. H. Haydak, Vol. 49, No. 1, July, 1934
(Reprint K-250) 5 cents

Cooperative Publications.
Honey MarTceting in California. Bulletin 554.

Economic Aspects of the Bee Industry. Bulletin 555.

Both by E. C. Voorhies, F. E. Todd, and J. K. Galbraith. Available from
the University of California, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, Berkeley, California.

Cost of Producing Honey in Oregon. Progress RepoH No. 1, Circular No. 83.

Cost of Producing Honey in Oregon. Progress RepoH No. 2, Circular No. 100.
Both by A. S. Burrier, F. E. Todd, and H. A. Scullen. Available from the
Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State Agricultural College,
Corvallis, Oregon.

MULTIGRAPHED AND MIMEOGRAPHED CIRCULARS.

(Obtainable from the Bee Culture Laboratory, Bureau of Entomology

and Plant Quarantine, Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.)

Preliminary Report on Apiary Organization and Honey Production in
the Intermountain States in 1928.

Recommendations for Shipping Cages for Bees (E-287).

List of Dealers in Beekeeping Supplies, Package Bees, and Queens
(E-297).

136 THIRllf-THIRD AND THIETY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

U. S. Grades for Honey.

The design of a stamp authorized for

use with all United States grades of honey

is shown at the left. The use of the TJ. S.

Grade stamp on retail packages of honey

will give customers a greater confidence

in the quality and purity of the product. Circular 24, United States

Grades, etc., (see page 1) descriloes the United States grades on all

classes of honey.

Quotations giving the record of actual sales of honey on the lead-
ing markets of the country are given in the MARKET NEWS SER-
VICE issued semi-monthly by the Bureau of Agricultural Economics,
United States Department of Agriculture, and will be sent free upon
request.

Field Stations.

Federal experimental field laboratories where apicultural research
is conducted are maintained at the following places :

Intermountain Bee Culture Field Laboratory, Laramie, Wyoming;
Southern States Bee Culture Field Laboratory, Baton Rouge, La. ;
Pacific Coast Bee Culture Field Laboratory, Davis, California.

Film and Lantern Slides.

Two moving picture films on bees are lent without charge by the
Office of Motion Pictures, Extension Service, United States Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, the borrower having to pay only the
transportation to and from Washington. Copies of these films may be
purchased (either in 35 or 16 millimeter width) at approximately the
cost of printing.

The Realm of the Iloneyhee — A new four-reel film showing interest-
ing phases of the life and habits of the honeybee. The film is replete
with closeups of bees gathering nectar and pollen, performing the "food
dance", feeding one another, and driving out drones and robber bees.
It shows how bees sting. A fatal encounter between two rival queens is
also recorded, as well as an interesting picture of a swarm issuing from
a hive and clustering on a nearby branch. The film closes with scenes
of how honey is removed from the hive and prepared for sale, and shows
a few of the ways in which honey can be used.

How Bees Live and Work — ^A one-reel film showing a queen laying
eggs, the development of worker bees from the Qgg to the adult, and
some of the duties performed by the worker bees. The bottling and
labeling of extracted honey by machinery is briefly shown, as well as
some of the phases in the production of comb honey.

The following series are available as lantern slides and film strips
from the Extension Service, Office of Cooperative Extension Work,
United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, both for
loan and by purchase.

... /

:^.\rjfi-r.:^

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEKS' ASSOCIATION. ' 137

The Anatomy of the Honey Bee — Series 151 (lantern slide only).
Transferring Bees to Modern Hives — Series 167.
Handling Bees for Successful Beekeeping — Series 172.
Diagnosis of Bee Diseases in the Apiary — Series 171.
First Lessons in Beekeeping — Series 346.

Books on Beekeeping.

Books for sale by bee supply houses and book dealers. Prices are

approximate and subject to change. For list of supply houses see last

page.

ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture Root $2.00

American Honey Plants Pellett 3.00

Anatomy and Physiology of the Honeybee Snodgrass "(3.50

Beekeeping Phillips . . . , V4.00

Beekeeping in the South Hawkins 1.00

Dadant System of Beekeeping Dadant 1.00

Honey Bees and Fairy Dust (for children) ,Mary Phillips 2.00

Honey Plants of North America Lovell 2.00

How to Succeed With Bees Atkins & Hawkins. . .59

The Honeybee (23rd edition revised bj-- Dadant) . .Langstroth 2.50

Law of the Honey Bee Campbell 1.00

Life of the Bee Maeterlinck ... 2.25

The Mystery of the Hive Eyrard 2.50

Practical Queen Rearing Pellett 1.00

Productive Beekeeping . . . .- Pellett 3.00

Queen Rearing Simplified Smith ■ 1.25

Romance of the Hive Pellett .' 2.00

Scientific Queen Rearing Doolittle 50

Spirit of the Hive Sharpe 2.50

Starting Right With Bees Rov/e ......../ .50

Bee Journals.

American Bee Journal, Hamilton, Illinois, monthly ..$1.00 per year

Beekeepers' Item, Box 838, San Antonio, Texas, Monthly 1.00 per year

Bees and Honey, 236 West Valley Blvd., Alhambra, California,

monthly - 1.00 per year

Gleanings in Bee Culture, Medina, Ohio, monthly $1.00 per 2 years

The Bee World (official organ of the Apis Club), Brockhill, ./

London Road, Camberleye Surrey, England, monthly 1.84 per year

Beekeepees' ojigaxizatioxs.

American Honey Instituie — An organisation sponsored and sup-
ported by the Bee Industries Association, beekeepers organizations and
individuals. Its purpose is to give wide publicity t<3 the uses of honey
through demonstrations, lectures, radio talks, and the dissemination of'
recipies and other literature. Malitta F. Jensen, Secretary, Eoom 310,
Commercial State Bank Building, Madison, Wisconsin.

American Honey Producers' League — Ah educational organization
of beekeepers representing State and national marketing and educational
beekeepers^ organizations, as well as individual beekeepers, in the United
States and Canada. Annual membership dues of $1.00 include sub-
scription to the Aiim>fil Eeport of the League. Kemittance should be
made to V. G. Milum, Secretary-Treasurer, Vivarium Building, Cham-
paign, 111. ^ I

138 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOUKTH AXNUAL REPORTS OF THE

Apis Club — Membership in the Apis Club is open to any person or
society interested in the honeybee. Annual dues (this includes The Bee
World) for an individual member are 10/6d ($1.84). Members of
associations, clubs, and other bodies affiliated with the Apis Club can
obtain the Bee World and membership through their organization for
7/6d ($1.31). Membership in the Apis Club will be accepted at the
office of the Secretary. Brockhill, London Ed., Camberley, Surrey, Eng-
land.

Southern Conference — Kn organization of southern honey pro-
ducers, package bee producers, and queen breeders devoted to the interest
of beekeeping in the southern states. G. Gr. Puett, Secretary, Hahira,
Georgia.

State Beekeepers' Organizations — A Beekeepers' Association exists
in practically every state. Information about the State Association can
usually be obtained through your State Department of AgTiculture.

Cardinal Points to be Observed in Keeping Bees.

(1) Bees need in the spring — plenty of stores, plenty of room for brood

rearing, and plenty of protection.

(2) Swarming is undesirable at all times and should be strictly con-

trolled. See Farmers' Bulletin 1198 for methods of control.

(3) During a honey flow, bees should be given plenty of storage room.

Failure to do this will cause the loss of the crop.
(4)- Bees need protection from cold and wind wherever the winter
temperatures fall as low as freezing. See Farmers' Bulletin
1012 and 1014.

(5) It is unprofitable and in many states illegal to keep bees in box

hives or "gums.'V

(6) It does not pay to cultivate any plant for bees alone. Nectar re-

sources may be improved by planting such plants as sweet clover
on waste lands.

(7) If the bees are short of stores, feed a sirup of equal parts of clean

granulated sugar and water.

Diseases of Bees.

■In many parts of the country beekeepers are suffering losses from
American and European foulbrood, the two most serious brood diseases.
European foulbrood can be controlled by proper corrective measures, but
American foulbrood, the more serious of the two, requires a more
drastic treatment. The bees and combs of American foulbrood infected
colonies should be burned. A system of apiary inspection is maintained
in most states, to which should be referred questions concerning the
identity of the disease and proper methods of control. Samples of brood
and adult bees which are difficult to diagnose may be sent to the Bureau
of Entomolog}', Bee Culture Laboratory, for determination.

Bee Supply Houses.

Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois ; Diamond Match Co., Chico and
Los Angeles, California ; W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co., Falconer,

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION. 139

New York; G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wisconsin; Fred W. Muth
Co., Pearl & Walnut Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio; A. I. Eoot Co., Medina,
Ohio; Superior Honey Co., Ogden, Utah; A. G, Woodman, Grand
Rapids, Michigan.

Beekeeping Localities.

Information relative to beekeeping conditions in specific localities
can usually be obtained from the State Department of Agriculture.
Most of the State Universities, Colleges and Experiment Stations have
also issued special bulletins on the subject of beekeeping.

140 THIETY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

CODE OF RULES AND STANDARDS FOR JUDGING BEE AND

HONEY EXHIBITS AT FAIRS AS ADOPTED

BY ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS*

ASSOCIATION.

General rule for quantity on all items listed in Premium List unless
otherwise stated: Full score will be given for amounts on open display
called for under premium numbers in Fair Catalogue. Greater quantities
will receive no preference.

Variation of these rules to apply to amateur divisions will be permitted
at the discretion of the judge.

COMB HONEY.

Comb honey will be judged on a scale of 100 points as follows:
A— Quantity— 20. B— Quality— 40. C— Style of Display— 40.

B — Quality — 40 — Distribution of points will be as follows:

(a) Variety — 5: Five different kinds only with regard to floral source
are necessary to score full points. In judging single cases of comb honey
no notice is given variety, and five points on variety shall be given to that
case which conforms most closely to color called for in premium list. This
rule will apply both to single cases in amateur and professional divisions.

(b) Whiteness of cappings — 10: Capping color to be consistent to
variety, with freedom from travel stain and water soaked appearance. Clover
and Basswood honey should be white; Heartsease, a dull white, tinged with
yellow; Spanish Needle, a bright yellow.

(c) Completeness of attachment — 10: Freedom from uncapped cells
and bee-way holes with comb drawn and filled clear to the wood of section.

(d) Straightness of combs and similarity of section — 5: Freedom from
drone comb, wavy comb and sagging cell structure. No comb shall project
beyond wood of section.

(e) Cleanliness of section — 10: Freedom from finger prints, propolis,
dirt, shavings, wax or any foreign substance.

C — Style of Display — 40 — Distribution of points shall be as follows:

1. For display of comb honey not in cases.

(a) Attractiveness in the manner of display — 15: Design in which
the comb honey is set up, relative to the power to attract attention.

(b) Neatness of wrapping — 10: Freedom from wrinkles, looseness,
unglued flaps, crooked wrappers, finger prints and superfiuous glue.

(c) Visibility of sections through wrappers front and back — 10: Clarity
of cellophance, with all-cellophane being given preference over combination
cellophance-glasine wrappers and window cartons.

(d) Uniformity of design of wrappers — 5: Similarity of wrappers used
in display and color scheme.

2. For display of comb honey in cases.

(a) Cleanliness of case, wood and glass — 10: Freedom from finger
marks, grease, dirt, fly specks, leaking honey, water marked wood or rusty
nails.

(b) Visibility of sections — 10: Double tier will be given preference
over single; glass front over plain.

(c) Manner of packing, cleanliness, safeness of shipping — 10: Sufficient
clean corrugated packing to hold sections firmly in shipment.

(d) Arrangement of cases in display — 10: Placement to the best ad-
vantage for the general harmony of the exhibit.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES' ASSOCIATION, t 141

EXTRACTED HONEY. c

Extracted honey will be judged on a scale of 100 as follows:
A— Quantity— 25; B— Quality— 45 ; C— Style of Display— 30.
B — Quality — 45. Distribution of points will be as follows:

(a) Variety and color — 5: Five varieties with regard to floral source
only are necessary to score full points. Color must be in accordance with
variety. Cloudiness will detract strongly from this score. In judging forty
to sixty pound groups of extracted honey no notice is given variety. The
five points on variety will be given to that forty to sixty pound exhibit which
conforms most closely to color called for in premium list. This rule will
apply also to the extracted honey in the amateur divisions.

(b) Freedom from contamination — 6: Absence of wax particles, pollen,
propolis, parts of bees, lint, paper particles or any other undesirable visible
substance. Particles adhering to inside of lid shall be considered as being
contained in the honey.

(c) Body — 6: Honey of sufficient thickness to pick up well on a knife
blade, yet not so thick as to be objectionably gummy, conforming as closely
as possible to the government standard of eleven and three-quarters pounds
(11%) per gallon.

(d) Flavor — 8: Corresponding to floral source. Freedom from any
deleterious qualities such as pollen, fermentation, carmelization due to over-
heating or improper flavor due to exposed metallic surfaces.

(e) Style of package — 7: Packages which show natural beauty of the
honey to best advantage without darkening shadows. Glass packages will be
given preference over tin, flint glass over green, and smaller vessels over
larger, provided the large vessels contain over (3) pounds.

(f) Variety of package — 5: Different sizes consistent with a good
retailing property. Six poular sizes in glass and/or tin, on open display, only
necessary to score full points. In addition, cans or kegs for wholesaling
may be considered.

(g) Finish — 8: Capping, labeling and bottle polish. Lug, screw or
anchor caps shall rate equally. Caps sealing top edge of jar shall be given
preference. Beauty of honey must not be obscured by excessive label. Color
of label should harmonize. Label must be printed with net weight in legal
size type. The wording "extracted honey" or "pure honey" shall be consid-
ered equal. Unifoi-mity of labeling, freedom from excessive paste and high
polish of glass will be rated.

C — Style of Display — 30: Attractiveness of arrangement and general
impression with regard to neatness and general harmony. Artistic arrange-
ment will receive preference. '

CRYSTALLIZED OR GRANULATED HONEY.

Granulated honey will be judged on a scale of 100 points as follows:
A— Quantity— 25; B— Quality— 45; Style of Display— 30.
B — Quality — 45. Distribution of points will be as follows:

(a) Variety and color — 5: Five varieties with regard to floral source
only are necessary to score full points. Color must be in accordance with
variety to receive full score.

(b) Freedom of contamination — 6: (See B — (b) under Extracted
Honey). Also freedom from bubbles due to fermenting honey or of watery
nature due to separation of crystals.

(c) Fineness of grain — 9: Smoothness of texture, freedom from large
hard crystals, eveness of color and freedom of streaks or odd crystal
formation.

(d) Flavor — 6: (See B — (d) under Extracted Honey.)

(e) Style of package — 7: Package v/hich will show natural beauty of
the honey to best advantage with regard to sales stimulation which is held
above other considerations in the retail trade. Glass packages will be given
preference over tin, flint glass over green and smaller vessels over larger,
provided the larger vessels contain over 3 pounds.

143 THIETY-THIRD AND THIKTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

(f) Variety of package — 5: See B — (f) under Extracted Honey.

(g) Finish — 7: See B — (g) under Extracted Honey.
C— Style of Display — 35: See C under Extracted Honey.

BEESWAX.

Beeswax will be judged on a scale of 100 points as follows:
A— Quantity— 30 ; B— Quality— 40 ; C— Style of Display— 30.
B — Quantity — 40. Distribution of points will be as follows:

(a) Aroma — 10: A sweet pleasant bouquet such as exists in virgin
wax, without being tainted from any source such as scorching, propolis, soap
or other foreign odors.

(b) Color — 15: A clear bright yellow, although some slight attention
may be given to novel color. A preponderance of color other than light
yellow shall detract.

(c) Freedom from Contamination — 15: Absence of dirt, propolis,
honey or any other deleterious material other than pure beeswax.

C — Style of Display — 30. Distribution of points will be as follows:
1. — For Moulded Wax.

(a) Novelty of Mould — 15: Chiefly the attractiveness of the design.

(b) Workmanship — 15: Excellence of the finished product, with free-
dom from shrink cracks, bubbles on surface. Consideration will be given
difficult molds over those of less difficulty.

2. — For Art Designs in Beeswax.

(a) Workmanship — 15: That piece or pieces most carefully, neatly and
skillfully done shall score highest.

(b) Artistic Appeal — 15: Attractive appearance with attention draw-
ing qualities and showing the most beautiful and interesting design.

ART DESIGNS IN COMB HONEY.

Art designs in comb honey will be judged on a scale of 100 points as
follows :

A— Quantity— 20; B— Quality— 40 ; C— Style of Display— 40.

A — Quantity — 20: Will be judged by relation of one exhibitor's amount
to that of the others, the greatest quantity scoring highest.

B — Quality — 40: Distribution of points will be as follows:

(a) Variety— 10.

(b) Whiteness of cappings — 10.

(c) Completeness of cappings — 10.

(d) Completeness of filling — 10.

C — Style of Display — 40: Distribution of points will be as follows:

(a) Novelty of Design — 15: Originality, beauty and attractiveness be-
ing the prime considerations.

(b) Neatness of Workmanship — 15: General cleanliness and excellence
of construction of pieces.

(c) Manner of Exhibition — 10: Beauty given to pieces by the manner
of exhibition.

NUCLEI OF BEES.

Bees in Observation Hives will be marked on a scale of 100 points as
follows:

(a) Style of Hive — 10: Bees must be shown only in the form of single
frame nuclei or hives with glass sides. That hive which is neatest and best
made and shows the bees and contents to the best of advantage w^ill score
the highest on this point.

(b) Color markings and size of bees — 40: Color must be uniform for
the individuals of the nucleus, corresponding to those claimed for the races
in their purity, as given in ABC and XYZ in Bee Culture. Large sized bees
will be preferred.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPEES" ASSOCIATION. 143

(c) Brood — 15: The largest quantity of brood in all stages or nearest
to that will score highest.

(d) Queen — 10: Queen must be present in order that a nucleus may
qualify for judging. Queens must be true to color for the race. Larger
queens will be given preference. Crippled or sluggish queens will detract
from score on queen.

(e) Quietness — 10: Freedom from running or other nervous action,
consistent with the general conditions under which exhibited.

(f) Comb Perfection — 15: Freedom from/ drone comb, sagging cell
structure, holes, bridge comb marks or bridge combs. Combs capable of rear-
ing brood over the greatest surface will be preferred, with sufficient honey
stored to carry the bees well during fair week.

FRAME OF COMB HONEY FOR EXTRACTING.

Frame of Honey for extracting shall be judged on a score of 100 as
follows :

A — Quantity— 20; B — Quality — 45; C — Style of Display— 35.

A — Quantity — 20: Points of quantity must be only frames of regulation
Langstroth full depth size shall score full points on quantity more frames
than called for in Fair catalogue shall receive no preference. Smaller
frames must score less.

B — Quality — 45: Points of quality will be judged as follows:

(a) Whiteness of capping — 10: Freedom from travel stain or water
soaked appearance, capping color to be consistent to variety, the lightest
variety and capping to score highest.

(b) Completeness of capping and attachment — 10: Freedom from un-
capped cells, freedom from bee-ways and holes between comb and frame.

(c) Straightness of comb — 10: Freedom from drone comb, sagging cell
structure and wavy with indentations.

(d) Adaptability to uncapping — 5: That comb which is thick enough
to use the uncapping knife on to best and most rapid advantage.

(e) Cleanliness — 10: Freedom from finger prints, propolis, dirt, or
other foreign discoloration of wood or comb.

(a) Manner of piotection from elements (dust, flies, etc.) — 15: Pro-
tection which protects the frame most securely yet affords the best unob-
structed view of the contents, (a clear cellophane wrapper securely fastened
shall score highest).

(b) Attractiveness in decorating and arranging comb to best advantage
— 15: Additional woik and material in preparing comb together with the
way it is supported and placed in the exhibit that the public may see where
extracted honey comes from.

(c) Neatness of wrapping and decorating — 5: Smoothness of covering
security of its fastening, attractiveness of decorating and harmony of colors
used with regard to rest of exhibit.

144 THIRTY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

MEMBERS OF ILUNOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSOCIATION

FOR 1933-34.

V. B. Adams, Sheldon, 111.

C. W. Aeppler & Co., Oconomowoc,

Wis.
Elmer Aavang, Route 3, Woodstock,

111.

E. W. Adcock, Assumption, 111.
Edward Adam, Strawn, 111.
James Allen, Kirtland, 111.

F. O. Allen, Stockland, 111.
Henry Ammon, Galena, 111.

Frank Amos, 1328 E. Main, Decatur,

111.
C-. J. Anderson, Route 2, Box 102,

Morris, 111.

C. F. Anderson, Route 5, Mt. Vernon,
111.

James Andrews, Cherry Valley, 111.
Ralph Annear, Mulkeytown, 111.
Roy Annear, Mulkeytown, 111.
John Ammann, R. R. 2, Deland, 111.
Chas. Aten, Jr., Arenyville, 111.
Ro^rJ R. Atkinson, Port Byron, 111.
FreoAttig, Ashton, 111.

A. A. Augenstein, Route 2, Dakota,
111.

D. C. Bacon, Crystal Lake, 111.

R. Badie, 3710 W. 67th PI., Chicago,

111.
M. D. Bailey, R. R. 2, Hanover, 111.
J. W. Bailey, Coal Valley, 111.
T. Baker, Genoa, 111.

E. H. Bangs, 168 Addison Road, Riv-
erside, 111.

Earl Baker, Genoa, 111.

D. M. Barcus, Genoa, 111.

R. J. Barthoff, Richmond, 111.

Oscar Barton, 254 Lebanon, Belle-
ville, 111. ,

Fred Ball, 112 Willard St., Kewanee,
111.

Roy Baxley, Christopher, 111.

Dr. A. C. Baxter, Myers Office Bldg.,
Springfield, 111.

B. E. Beach, 126 Clifford Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

Reginald Bean, 1409 Forest Ave., Mt.
Vernon, 111.

Arthur Bechtold, 731 Virginia, Belle-
ville, 111.

Tom Beddoes, 318 Marion Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

Henry Beechman, Mackinaw, 111.
H. D. Bearman, Mt. Morris, 111.
Robert Beer, Roanoke, 111.
Alving Bell, Ridgway, 111.

B. F. Bell, Box 56, Kingston Mines,
111.

Mrs. Paradine Bell, Box 56, Kingston
Mines, 111.

W. C. Beese, 211 Ellis St., Peoria, 111.

A. Berthold, 5733 N. Cicero Ave.,
Chicago, 111. •

William Biegel, Route 3, Barrington,
111.

L. F. Binder, Harvard, 111.

Wm. Bloner, Cary, 111.

M. E. Blake, Mt. Morris, 111.

G. J. Boehland, Corey's Bluff, Rock-
ford, 111.

A. C. Boettcher, R. R. 1, O'Fallon, 111:

Adam J. Bodenschatz, Box 272, Le-
mont, 111.

Ed. Boberg, Cambridge, 111.

■Jas. A. Bonebrake, R. R. 2, George-
town, 111.

Henry Bowman, Rockford, 111.

Joe Burdzilduskas, Sr., N. 4 Johns
St., Pana, 111.

Joe Burdzilduskas, Jr., Pana, 111.

Wayne Burrows, 725 Island Ave.,
Rockford, 111.

Albert I. Brennemann, R. F. D. 2,
Pekin, 111.

Wm. B. Brigham, 1301 N. East St.,
Bloomington, 111.

L. H. Brockman, Jerseyville, 111.

Wm. Brosius, Galva, 111.

W. K. Brown, R. R. 4, Box 94,
Springfield, 111.

E. B. Brown, Nashville, 111.

John Brodeski, 1310 N. Center St.,
Joliet, 111.

C. W. Brown, Route 2, Shelbyville,
111.

E. W. Brown, Box 117, Willow

Springs, 111.
Brown, Lynch, Scott Co., Monmouth,

111.
E. H. Bruner, 3836 N. Kostner Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Bruns Seed Store, Davenport, Iowa.
H. J. Bryan, Market St., Normal, 111.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION".

145

Fred Bulterman, Michigan City Rd.,
South Holland, 111.

D. H. Bunker, La Fox, 111.
Kenneth Burch, R. R. 3, Rockford,

111.
A. L. Burnett, 1428 31st St., Rock

Island, 111.
Carl E. Byers, Cissna Park, 111.
Geo. W. Byers, Cissna Park, 111.
Geo. S. Cable, El Paso, 111.
Chas. Campbell, 7019 S. Stewart Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Hez Carnahan, R. R. 4, Harrisburg,

111.
F. B. Carey, 2807 Summerdale Ave.,

Rockford, 111.
Ed. Carlson, 1921 6th St., Rockford,

111.
P. A. Carlson, Galva, 111.
W. J. Caughey, Orion, 111.
Geo. S. Cable, El Paso, 111.
Clarence Cecil, Atkinson, 111.
Ray I. Clapp, R. R. 2, Hinsdale, 111.
L. H. Clark, 1003 N. Second St.,

Rockford, 111.
W. S. Clark, 1352 N. Broadway, De-
catur, 111.
J. Claude, Route 1, Sandwich, 111.
R. Clausen, Lake Forest, 111.
S. S. Claussen, 1005 S. 5th St.,

Oregon, 111.
Aurthur Clough, Donnellson, 111.
George Chapman, Green Valley, 111.
Fred Cole, Hillsdale, 111.
Roy Concidine, DeKalb, P. O. Elva,

111.
Elmer Conklin, R. R. 2, Box 140,

O'Fallon, 111.

E. T. Cook, Mundelein, 111.
Cook Bros., Pecatonica, 111.
A. C. Cooper, Wyoming, 111.
Mrs. Wm. Cooper, Butler, 111.

T. A. Cotta, 211 Webster Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

J. E. Cullison, Shelbyville, 111.

W. Craske, 2148 W. 107th PL, Chi-
cago, 111.

Theo. Cyarnecki, R. R. 2, Belleville,
111.

C. P. Dadant, Hamilton, 111.

E. J. Dahlquist, 4636 N. Kenneth
Ave., Chicago, 111.

Geo. Dail, Marissa, 111.

Albert Davis, Roseview Ave., Ke-
wanee. 111.

J. B. Davis, 1210 E. Main St., Ur-
banav 111.

Palmer Davis, Homer, 111.

Peter De Crane, Atkinson, 111.

Rev. Dean, Cordova, 111.

L, A. Dean, R. R. 1, Big Rock, 111.

A. Dengler, 916 N. Illinois, Belleville,

111.
Herman Denhart, R. R. 3, St. Joseph,

111.
Ed Dennis, Casner, 111.
Frank Desort, Lincoln, 111.
J. Devitt, Sparta, 111.
Geo. Diel, Box 16, Marissa, 111.
A. W. T. Doermann, 2554 W. Grove

St., Blue Island, 111.
Carson Donnell, Donnellson, 111.
E. J. Dorais, 510 N. Ardmore Ave.,

Villa Park, 111. )

Oamer M. Doty, R. R. 6, Decatur, 111. -|
Willis Drehmer, Osco, 111. j

Wm. Duax, 3414 S. Western Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
C. L. Duax, 3414 S. Western Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
W. G. Duckwall, R. R. 2, Jacksonville,

111.
C. W. Duerrstein, Route 1, Galena,

111.
Hugh A. Duffy, R. F. D. 1, Serena,

111.
H. L. Dunn, Onarga, 111.
Frank R. Durkee, Route 6, Ottawa,

111.
Ethel H. Earl, Dalton City, 111.
C. F. Earle, Dalton City, 111.
W. Eckert, R. R. 2, Millstadt, 111.-
Frank Eckhardt, Dalton City, 111.
Chas. Ecklund, 10316 Spaulding Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Lester Edwards, Piper City, 111.
Miss Rolean Entwistle, 109 Fourth

St., LaSalle, 111.
E. Elliff, R. R. No. 4, Galena, 111.
Geo. Eich, 7111/2 N. Broadway St.,

Joliet, 111.
A. Erst, Algonquin, 111.
Otto M. Essig, 1825 30th St., Moline,

111.
H. N. Evans, 521 Homestead Ave.,

Peoria, 111.
L C. Evans, 1037 W. Marietta, De-
catur, 111.
Richard K. Evans, R. R. No. 1,

Hoopeston, 111.
Geo. Eykamp, Maryland, 111.
J. A. Farmer, 326 Portland Ave.,

Belleville. 111.
Ernest Fehr, Eureka, 111.
Joe Fellner, R. R. No. 2, Belleville,

111.
L. W. Fisher, Woodson, 111.
Benj. H. Fischer, Roanoke, 111.
A. R. Flink, Streator, 111.
Chas. T. Flota, 207 Dayton Ave., Har-
risburg, 111.

14:6 THIETY-THIRD AND THIRTY-FOUETH ANNUAL RErORTS OF THE

F. A. Folk, Polo, 111.

Frank Folmer, R. R. No. 1, E. Caron-
delet. 111.

Harvey Foote, Green Valley, 111.

W. H. Force, 1714 W. Church St.,
Champaign, 111.

H. Franek, Box 246, Algonquin, 111.

Brother Frederick, Techny, 111.

W. E. Frierdich, 1105 Briston St.,
Belleville, Jll.

Herman Froelke, Palos Park, 111.

Forbes Fuller, 5147 Warwick Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Ora Funkhouser, 724 Big 4th St.,
Eldorado, 111.

H. G. Frymier, Carbon Cliff, 111.

R. M. Gober, Oregon, 111.

Nelson Gache, Clifton, 111.

John A. Gage, 612 N. 12th St., Mt.
Vernon, 111.

Neil Gale, Pecatonica, 111.

W. B. Gardner, Solon Mills, 111.

A. G. Gill, 2240 Asbury Ave., Evans-
ton, 111.

J. M. Gard, 1007 W. Beardsley,
Champaign, 111.

John L. Gasnow, 1020 12th Ave., Mo-
line, 111.

W. Gauch, Box 26, Freeburg, 111.

Geo. B. Gillett, Hanna City, 111.

E. M. Glascock, R. R. 2, Eldorado,
111.

Edward Gnitzinger, R. R. No. 2, Box
431, DesPlaines, 111.

R. M. Gober, Route No. 1, Oregon,
111.

John Godfrey, R. R. No. 5, Jackson-
ville, 111.

Alfred Godke, 1121 June Street, Ke-
wanee. 111.

C W. Goodwin, 2400 E. North St.,
Decatur, 111.

J. S. Gordon, R. R. No. 1, Lincoln,
111.

W. W. Harris, Box 565, Malta, 111.
Joseph M. Hart, 303 E. Church St.,

Harrisburg, 111.
T. W. Harris, 401 N. 59th, E. St.

Louis, 111.
Ben Hartke,y1Buckley, 111.
Wm. Hassler, R. R. No. 4, Princeton,

111.
H. L. Haslip, 4022 Lincoln St., E. St.

Louis, 111.
Thos. J. Hayes, R. R. No. 2, Taylor

Ridge, 111.
L. T. Hayworth, South Pekin, 111.
A. C. Heflin, Greenview, 111.
Jerome Heger, City Hall, Decatur,

111.
Val. Heil, Box 142, Marissa, 111.
Ellis Henderson, 414 N. Fayette St.,

Jacksonville, 111.
Edney Hendrickson, 1316 Lisbon St.,

Morris, 111.
Geo. Hennes, 3343 S. Western Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
A. W. Hickey, Egan, 111.
Curtis Highsmith, 2615 Cherry St.,

Mt. Vernon, 111.
Edward Hilquest, Donivan, 111.
H. F. Hilquest, Donivan, 111.

A. P. Hill, 15939 Carse Ave., Harvey,
111.

C. E. Hill, Windsor, 111.
Geo. H. Hill, 425 Crittenden, Hills-
boro. 111.

B. W. Hillner, 209 S. Highland Ave.,
Rockford, 111.

Peter Hinsberger, R. R. No. 1, E.

Moline, 111.
Paul Hobart, Roscoe, 111.
Jacob Hoerr, South Pekin, 111.
F. C. Hofer, R. R. No. 2, Taylor

Ridge, 111.
Frank Hoffman, 39th and Stanley

Ave., Riverside, 111.
Chris. Holm, Box 381, Genoa, 111.

Grant Graham, -'p.lO Marshall St., ' A. L. Holmes, R. R. No. 5, Jackson
Hillsboro, 111. *" "'

Theo. Graham, 523 E. Tremont St.,
Hillsboro, 111.

Chas. Grimm, St. Jacob, 111.

Edwin Gutherz, Millstadt, 111.

Melville M. Guthrie, 4845 N. Meade
Ave., Chicago, 111.

Edwin C. Hacker, R. R. No. 3, Dan-
ville, 111.

Chas. Hage, Vandalia, 111.

John Haizman, Fox River Grove, 111.

Nicholas Hamer, Rartsburg, 111.

G. L. Hankammer, 719 W. Monroe,
Belleville. 111.

Phil C. Hankammer, R. R. No. 5,
Belleville, 111.

Geo. P. Harding, Monticello, 111.

EHis Harper, R. R. 1, Eldorado, 111.

ville, 111.

Wm. Howard, Worth, 111.

Albert Hrankay, Rand Rd., R. R. No.
. 1, Box 6, DesPlaines, 111.

W. Hubert, Jr., 1801 E. C. St., Belle-
ville, 111.

R. W. Hudspeth, Hillsboro, 111.

Hy J. Hummert, Mascoutah P. O.,
111.

Ray Husen, 223 Beltrberg Rd., Rock-
ford, 111.

Jackson Wesley, LeRoy, 111.

W. H. Jackson, Toulon, 111.

J. J^obson, Spring Grove, 111.

C. P^ Jankowski, Gurnee, 111.

Edward Jeffrey, Galena, 111.

Malitta F. Jensen, 310 Commercial
Natl. Bank Bldg., Madison, Wis.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION,

147

Alfred P. Johnson, Rankin, 111.

Alex Johnson, 512 Hibbard St., Joliet,
111.

Carl A. Johnson, 417 S. Vine St.,
Kewanee, 111.

Frank Johnson, Toulon, 111.

John F. Johnson, R. R. No. 1, Box
99, E. Moline, 111.

Mary F. Johnson, 418 S. Adams St.,
Peoria, 111.

Norman Johnson, R. R. No. 3, Ke-
wanee, 111.

Pardon Johnson, R. R., Taylor Ridge,
111.

H. W. Jones, Gary, 111.

L. A. Junod, 421 S. 2nd St., Green-
ville, 111.

John Kadel, Taylor Ridge, 111.

C. F. Kannenberg, 1114 Augusta St.,
Oak Park, 111.

Xanier Kiefer, Belle Rive, 111.

Andy Keag, Geneseo, 111.

J. H. Keiher, New Athens, 111.

L. R. Keith, Earlville, 111.

Philip Keller, R. R. No. 1, New
Athens, 111.

P. G. Keller, 2105 W. Gedar Rd.,
Homewood, 111.

O. W. Kennett, Ohlman, 111.

Mrs. O. W. Kennett, Ohlman, 111.

Emery Kerher, 222 N. High, Belle-
ville, 111.

Jesse L. Kidd, R. R. No. 1, Cham-
paign, 111.

Conrad Kiefner, R. R. No. 2, Joliet,
111.

A. L. Kildow, Putnam, 111.

Chas. King, Molijie, 111., R. R. 1.

Harry L. King, R. R. No. 5, Spring-
field, 111.

F. M. Kirby, 113 E. White, Cham-
paign, 111.

Wm. S. Kirk, Farmersville, 111.

Ed. Klein, 317 Garbough Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

Edward M. Klein, Gurnee, 111.

Joseph Klein, Swanwick, 111.

J.^\ Klein, Freeburg, 111.

Albert Knack, Geneseo, 111.

GhasA.Knantz, Galena, 111.

H. B.Wapp, R. R. No. 4, Rockford,
111. \
/ H. C. Knoeppel, Bluffs, 111.

Gus Koderhaudt, R. R. No. 2, Leb-
anon, 111.

Ed. E. Koerner, 210 S. Center St.,
Geneseo, 111.

Chas. Kohr, 9245 S. Western Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Edward Kohbold, 9th and Peoria St.,
Peru, 111.

Ed. Kommer, R. R. No. 4, Andover,

111.
Elmer Kommer, Woodhull, 111.
J. N. Koritz, R. R. No. 3, Buckley,

111.
Woodrow Koritz, Buckley, 111.
Wm. Kormelink, 134 Fremont St.,

Ottawa, 111.
Joseph Kosar, 22 N. 78th. Belleville,

111.
F. Kottrash, R. R. No. 1, Deerfleld,

111.
Philip Krebs, R. R. No. 1, Marissa,

111.
E. Kreher, 222 N. High, Belleville,

lU.
Henry Krieppel, Bluffs, 111.
Richard Kriz, Palos Park, 111.
Anna Krier, Dee Rd. and Touhy Ave.,

DesPlaines, 111.
Geo. Kroeper, R. R. No. 2, Henry,

111.
Adolph Knimmow, R. R. No. 2, Box

29, Galva, 111.
Kruse & Killian, Paris, 111.
Bob Kuchne, Lake Forest, 111.
Jacob Kunz, 714 Iowa St.. Urbana,

111.
H. L^Sell, 609 S. Wright St., Cham-
paign, 111.
Dr. W. C. Ladwig, 249 Geneva Ave.,

Elmhurst, 111.
John L. Laird, Opdyke, 111.
Guy C. Lakin, R. R. No. 1, Joliet, 111.
Victor Lamandin, R. R. No. 2, El-
dorado, 111.
James Lamb, 446 W. Locust St.,

Canton, 111.
Ben Lamfeir, Forreston, 111.
H. R. Lamont, Apple River, 111. ^
Mrs. R. P. Landers, 10857 S. Whipple

St., Chicago, 111. ' >

Robert Larosh, R. R. No. 1, Pekin,

111.
Harold Laughlin, Butler, 111.
M. E. Larby, 1761 N. 40th, E. St.

Louis, 111.
Mrs. M. Larson & Son, Gardner, 111.
Walter Layton, Royal, 111.
Robert Lee, R. R. No. 1, E. .Moline,

111.
A. Leinback, Waterloo, 111. ,, .■<■
E. G. LeStourgeon, The Beekeepers

Item, San Antonio, Texas.
Elmer Leubeck, Route 1, Elwood,

111.
Fred Lingner, R. R. No. 1, E. Moline,

111.
J. Levey, 1806 S. 61st Ave., Cicero,

111.
Walter Scott Lohnes, Pekin, 111.

1 '■

148 THIKTY-THIRD AND THIETY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE

V

H. A. Luer, Jerseyville, 111.
Wm. N. Luft, South Pekin, 111.
Robert Lynn, 5th and Madison St.,
Lockport, 111.

C. A. Mackelden, Jerseyville, 111.
Harry Mackey, Box ,27, Winnebago,

111.

J. A. MacNeill, 11339 S. Irving Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

M. C. Madison, Clifton, 111.

L Madsen, Gardner, 111.

M. Halz, 21 Hunt Ave., Ingleside, 111.

John Marsh, Midoaks, Box 54,
Ritchie, 111.

Wm. Marshall, 1015 Pleasant St., De-
Kalb, 111.

Herbert J. Martin, R. R. No. 6, De-
catur, 111.

Gerald W. Mason, Zion, 111.

O. R. Matthew, Virginia, 111.

Lincoln McCaully, R. R. No. 2, Or-
land Park, 111.

G. W. McClain, Port Byron, 111.

J. H. McClure, Manchester, 111.

Herman McConnell, Robinson, 111.

E. J. McCormick, 6810 S. Winches-
ter Ave., Chicago, 111.

John McDonals, Jr., Richmond, 111.

E. L. McDowell, Galena, 111.

Mrs. Louise McEwen, Mansfield, 111.
Geo. McGee, Winnebago, Hi.
Clark McGrady, Mackinaw, 111.

F. A. McGrew, 201 E. Penn Ave.,
Hoopeston, 111.

Ralph Mclnnes, Signey, 111.
J. W. McKenrick, Silvis, 111.
Roy McKen#ick, Silvis, 111.

D. F. McNeely, Rankin, 111.
Edward Mader, 112 Gilbert St., Belle-
ville. 111. -X

August Meenen, R. R.jNo. 6, Rock-
ford, 111. r^

Fred Meinen, BaileyYille, 111.

Dr. R. C. J. Meyer, 1815 3rd Ave.,
Moline, 111.

Richard Meyers, R. R. No. 1, South
Holland, 111.

Leone Michelangeli, 2311 E. South
Grand, Springfield, 111.

R. R. Mick, R. R. No. 2, Eldorado,
111.

Jasper A. Middleton, Gardner, 111.

Edward Mier, Bluffs, 111.

F. H. Miller, Wilson, 111.

H. E. Miller, Aledo, 111.

V. G. Milum, Vivarium Bldg., Cham-
paign, 111.

Chas. A. Minkler, 645 E. Pearl St.,
Ottawa, 111.

Chas. Newman, R. R. No. 3, Clearing
Station, 111.

B. L. Miracle, Brighton, 111.

W. T. Moffet, Oakford, 111.

Jocob N. Mohr, R. R. No. 1, Box 75,
East Moline, 111.

Chas. Mon, Polo, 111.

L. J. Monti, 1432 Benton St., Rock-
ford, 111.

S. B. Moon, 505 Machin Ave., Peoria,
111.

F. W. Morrison, 117 N. Seminary St.,
Georgetown, 111.

Ross R. Morrill, R. R. No. 1, Geneva,
111.

Gun Mozee, 1017 Dakin St., Chicago,
111.

John Mueller, Bluffs, 111.

C. H. Murrary, Mackinaw, 111.

C. W. Mussulman, Hammond, 111.

J. W. Myrtle, 443 Jilson Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

W^m. Myers, Kankakee, 111.

H. H. Nance, Windsor, 111.

L. L. Ness, Morris, 111.

A. C. Norris, 241 Rockton Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

Henry J. Nowlan, 510 E. College St.,
Greenville, 111.

Edward W. Nowack, 5613 Dunham
Rd., Downers Grove, 111.

Chas. R. Nussell, Villa Grove, 111.

John O'Brien, Newark, 111.

F. G. Oexner, R. R. No. 4, Waterloo,
111.

Mr. C. A. Olson, Edgeworth and 47th
St., LaGrange, 111.

Harry Oosting, Evergreen Park, 111.

J. Ortscheid, Seward, 111.

David Osborn, Butler, 111.

Howard Osborn, Butler, 111.

W^esley W. Osborn, Hillsboro, 111.

Raymond Ott, Geneseo, 111.

F. G. Oxner, R. R. No. 4, Waterloo,
111.

A. Paddock, Round Lake, 111.

Ray Page, McHenry, 111.

Emil J. Palmer, Oregon, 111.

J. B. Payne, R. R. No. 2, George-
town, 111.

R. Parks, 310 N. Independence Ave.,
Rockford, 111.

Vincent Peifer, R. R. No. 8, Lincoln,
111.

Frank Peifer, R. R. No. 1, Lincoln,
111.

F. W. Peters, 727 Lebanon Ave.,
Belleville, 111.

Alfred Peterson, 658 Roscoe, Chicago,
111.

Elmer Peterson, Sandwich, 111.

Edwin Peterson, 1325 Pine St.,- Ke-
wanee. 111.

Lawrence Peterson, 1325 Pine St.,
Kewanee, 111.

S. F. Peterson, 2326 Third Ave., East
Moline,' 111.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION.

149

Lee. Pfaff, Box 201, Rockton, 111.

Dr. E. F. Phillips, Dept. of Entomol-
ogy, Cornell University, Ithaca,
New York.

Lewis Binnow, Crystal Lake, 111.

M. J. Pitzen, McHenry, 111.

Al. Pond, Cordova, 111.

A. L. Pool, Latham, 111.

Marion J. Porter, Pittsfield, 111.

Austin Powers, Sterling, 111.

Lanson Pratt, 1244 S. 4th, Pekin, 111.

Everett Price, Toulon, 111.

Henry Price, Elizabeth, 111.

Marion Price, R. R. No. 1, Pekin, 111.

Oliver Price, R. R. No. 1, Pekin, 111.

John Passfleld, McHenry, 111.

Louis Rabideau, Clifton, 111.

R. E. Rankin, Payson, 111.

P. Rasmussen, Monroe Center, 111.

O. G. Rawson, 3208 Forest PI., East
St. Louis, 111.

Wm. Rebbe, Bluffs, 111.

Joseph Reber, R. R. No. 5, Shelby-
ville. 111.

L. W. Rector, 12944 S. California
Ave., Blue Island, 111.

E. J. Rees, R. R. No. 5, Urbana, 111.

T. A. Reeve, Auburn, Calif.

Wm. Reid, Box 85, Andalusia, 111.

L. F. Reisinger, 1024 S. Water St.,
Decatur, 111.

Edgar W. Rench, N. Elm St., Green-
ville, 111.

Otto J. Rezek, Box 100, Fox River
Grove, 111.

A. W. Reznicek, 600 S. 19th, Belle-
ville, 111.

Mr. Richardson, 9510 S. Peoria St.,
Chicago, 111.

C. F. Rife, R. R. No. 1, Naperville,
111.

JohnRigan, 1349 W. Wood St., De-
catur, 111.
Geo. W. Rigler, Prophetstown, 111.
Dow Ripley, Taylor Ridge, 111.

E. G. Rippie, 1431 Jackson St., Be-
loit. Wis.

Henry Ritter, Pennsylvania Ave.,

Rockford, 111.
Leo Ritzinger, Northbrook, 111.
W. L. Ritter, R. R. No. 1, Hampshire,

111.
A. Rybikowski, North Chicago, 111.

F. A. Rumery, LaSalle, 111.

D. Rosso, R. R. No. 2, Centerville
Sta., 111.

E. R. Root, Editor Gleanings in Bee
Culture, Medina, Ohio.

Lewis F. Roller, Lincoln, 111.
Virgil E. Rocke, Eureka, 111.
Raymond H. Rocke, Box 34, Morton,

111.
Lawrence Rocke, Roanoke, 111.

Mrs. Lillian Robinson, Midlothian,

111.
Leonard Robbins, Mt. Sterling, 111.
Lawrence Robins, Mt. Sterling, 111.
Geo. Robbins, Box 323, Edgemont

Sta., E. St. Louis, 111.
Geo. L. Sauer, Polo, 111.
Pearly Sang, Roberts, 111.
Clarence Salmons, R. R. No. 3,

Brownstown, 111.

F. Sack, R. R. No. 1, Deerfield, 111.
John J. Schafer, R. R. .No. 2, Port

Byron, 111.
Clarence Schave, E. Moline, 111.

G. Schemmer, Dupo, 111.
J. P. Scheid, Eureka, 111.

E. Schlesinger, 1031 S. Chas., Belle-
ville, 111.
J. B. Schlosser, Wadsworth, 111.

0. A. Schrieber, German Valley, 111.
Mathias Schmidt, 105 Summit St.,

Joliet, 111.

A. B. Schofield, Paxton, 111.

Gilbert Schwark, Geneseo, 111.

C. T. Scott, R. R. No. 5, Harrisburg,
111.

W, D. Scott, Bowdich Ave., Aurora,
111.

August Siegle, 9705 S. Kedzie Ave.,
Evergreen Park, 111.

Chas. Seigel, 3000 W. 95th St., Ever-
green Park, 111.

G. F. Seitz, Taylor Ridge, 111.

Henry C. Seitz, Reynolds, 111.

Wilbert Seiving, Chapin, 111.

Joseph Seyka, 252 111. Ave., Elgin,
111.

E. Shad, Clifton, 111.

W. L. Shafer, 314 York Rd., Hins-
dale, 111.

Shallenberger, 7058 Parnell Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

August Siegle, 9705 S. Kedzie Ave.,
Evergreen Park, 111.

Chas. A. Siegle, 3000 W. 95th St.,
Evergreen Park, 111.

G. F. Seitz, Taylor Ridge, 111.

Mrs. Eleanor N. Simmer, 9607 Bever-
ly Ave., Chicago, 111.

Albert Simmons, R. R. No. 1, Milan,
111.

Ralph D. Simms, Rankin, 111 .

Ralph D. Slmms, Rankin, 111.
111.

F. J. Simons, 120 Willard Ave., Rock-
ford, 111.

W. E. Sincock, R. R. 1, Scales Mound,

111.
J. M. Singer, 1619 East St., Ottawa,

111.

1. W. Sisk, 3024 Regent, East St
Louis, 111.

S. S. Slater, Genoa, 111.

150 THIKTY-THIRD AXD THIETY-FOUETH ANNUAL EEPORTS OF THE

Bill Sleaford, Atkinson, 111.
W. H. Small, Hopedale, 111.
Floyd Smart, 455 E. Division, Deca-
tur, 111.
Chas. G. Smith, Hoopeston, 111.

D. Smith, 614 22nd St., Moline, 111.
Ernest Smith, R. R. No. 2, Aurora,

111.
Donald Smith, Gilman, 111.
M. E. Smith, Mahomet, 111.
Orville Smith, Greenville, 111.
Willard Smith, Deland, 111.
Sanford Smith, 614 22nd St., Moline,

111.
Wm. M. Snider, R. R. No. 4, Earl-

ville. 111.
Ed Sohner, R. R. No. 8, Rockford,

111.
Wm. C. Sommers, R. R. No. 2, Pekin,

111.
A. J. Spaulding, R. R. No. 2, Ottawa,

111.
A. Sporer, 1308 Madison St., Ottawa,

111.

E. M. Stanton, 1030 Chas. St., Au-
rora, 111.

R. C. Stambaugh, Astoria, 111.

E. C. Standish, R. R. No. 3, Marengo,
111.

Ulysses G. Stanley, Mountain View
Apiary, Nisbet, Pa.

Thos. Stark, R. R. No. 2, George-
town, 111.

Geo. Stebbins, 90th Ave. and 133rd
St., Palos Park, 111.

James Steiner, Geneseo, 111.

D. R. Stephens, 6613 Normal Blvd.,
Chicago, 111.

Dr. H. S. Stimson, 6820 Windsor

Ave., Berwyn, 111.
Mrs. Leroy Stockdale, Palos Park,

111. /

Leroy Stockdale, R. R. No. 1, Palos

Park, 111.
Jas. A. Stone, Farmingdale, 111.
O. L. Stone, 345 W. Cerro Gordo St.,

Decatur, 111.

E. Stoneman, R. R. No. 2, Freeburg,
111.

Qeo. Strango, R. R. No. 1, Maple
Park, 111.

Rex Stricklin, 1207 Trolley St., Eldo-
rado, 111.

A. J. Street, Waggoner, 111.

C. G. Strieder, Brinfield, 111.

Floyd J. Strope, 301 Caroline, Pekin,
111.

Mrs. Floyd J. Strope, 301 .Caroline

,^ St., Pekin, 111.

A. Studebaker, Seward, 111.

W. H. Stumm, R. R. No. 3, Edin-
burg. 111.

W. R. Suhre, R. R. No. 1, Hoopes-
ton, 111.

H. L. Summers, Gen. Del., Mt. Ver-
non, 111.

Frank Supancic, 313 Smith St., Jo-
liet, 111.

Harry M. Sulzberger, Ransom, 111.

F. L. Swanland, Dixon, 111.

E. W. Switzer, Weldon, IHT^^^

Chris Tarran, Jr., Irving, 111.

Hoyt Taylor, Pleasant Plains, 111.

Alfred E. Thomas, R. R. No. 3, Roa-
noke, 111.

Roy Thompson, R. R. No. 2, Syca-
more, 111.

Geo. Thomson, 336 Normal Pkwy.,
Chicago, 111.

Ralph Tienstra, Homewood, III.

L. Toepke, R. R. No. 5, Blooming-
ton, 111.

John Tomastic, 1302 Woodruff Rd.,
Joliet, 111.

Sam E. Totel, R. R. No. 2, Ottawa,
111.

S. W. Travis, 804 Locust St., Litch-
field, 111.

O. A. Tryon, 6530 Oliphant Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Carl H. Tudor, R. R. No. 2, Syca-
more, 111.

N. M. Turner, R. R. No. 4, Edgemont
Station, East St. Louis, 111.

B. A. Tyler, Mt. Pulaski, 111.

S. A. Tyler, San Jose, 111.

John Urda, Panama, 111.

Archie V. Utt, Oak Lawn, 111.

W. H. Valentine, Mackinaw, 111.

Chas. Valerius, Elkville, 111.

Ed Van DeVorde, Atkinson. 111.

Louie Vannis, ^ Harrisburg, III.

Mrs. Filomene Vasumpaur, R. R. No.
2, Spring Rd., Hinsdale, 111.

Fred Vogel, R. R. No. 1, Millstadt,
111.

Irwin Vogel, R. R. No. 1, Millstadt,
111.

Wm. H. Voight, Monee, 111.

John Voorhees, Eureka, 111.

Peter Vree, 229 W. 11th PI., Chicago,
111.

Clarence Wager, Genoa, 111.

L. F. Wagner, Millstadt, 111.

Edwin Walen, R. R. No. 1. Ransom,
111.

Wm. J. Wall, Windsor, 111.

Lee Waller, Durand, 111.
"^m. Wallanches, 2715 Dunham Rd.,
Downers Grove, 111.

John D. Walter, R. R. 1, Box 56,
Congerville, 111.

Rev. Geo. A. AValters, Ashton, 111.

Emory Warner, Monticello, 111.

ILLINOIS STATE BEEKEEPERS ASSOCIATION".

151

Raymond Weavei-, R. R. 3, Pittsfield,

111.
Geo. H. Weed, Lanark, 111.
Lawrence M. Weiss, R. R. 1, Taylor

Ridge, 111.
Albert C. Welge, Butler, 111.
B. Welliever, 1764 N. 42nd St., E.

St. Louis, 111.
Theo. Wellner, 109 Walsh St., Joliet,

111.
H. P. Westerman, Oreana, 111.
Joseph Westlake, Elburn, 111.
Wesley Jackson, Leroy, 111.
B. F. Wheeler, Milan, 111.
Frank A. Whelan, 7402 Stewart Ave.,

Chicago, 111.
Milton Whiteford, Manito, 111.
-^an Whiting, Roscoe, 111.
Hal Whitlock, R. R. 1, Eldorado, 111.
H. A. Wickersham, E. Moline, 111.
F. A. Wicklein, Percy, 111.
Daniel Widicus, St. Jacob, 111.
Earnest Wikcwsky, Cisco, 111.
Clyde Wilde, Oregon, 111.
LeRoy Wilkins, Cropsey, 111.
Frank Wilner, 1020 E. LaFayette

Ave., Jacksonville, 111.

H. W. Wilson, Smyth St., Eldorado,
111.

W. L. Wimberly, Texico, 111.

Edward Winkler, 925 Plainfleld Ave.,
Joliet, 111.

Mrs. Edw. Winkler, R. R. 1, Joliet,
111.

John Wiscorski, 912 Lincoln St.,
Waukegan, 111.

Phobe Withrow, Geneseo, 111.

Ray Wood, R. R. No. 2, Taylor Ridge,
IlL

J. R. Wooldridge, 2021 W. 70th St.,
Chicago, 111.

S. W. Wrigley, 123 W. Walnut St.,
Sycamore, 111.

Christian J. Wuetig, 2609 W. Ver-
mont St., Blue Island, 111.

E. C. Wyne, Hammond, 111.

W. C. Young, 8514 S. Elizabeth St.,
Chicago, 111.

Frank Zadel, Witt, 111.

Theo. Zarnicki, R. R. 3, Belleville,
111.

Warren Zeigler, 1410 27th Ave., Mo-
line.

r

152 INDEX.

m Mi'.Mir OF THE

UNIVCri.TV er !!.L!.V0!3
INDEX.

PAGE

American Honey Institute 107-110

American Honey Institute Illinois Membership 111-112

Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Apiaries for the Beekeeping Year
Starting April 1, and ending October 20, 1934— C. L. Duax 97-107

Analysis of Twenty-five Illinois Honeys and the Quantitive Methods
Used— G. E. Lynn, V. G. Milum, D. T. Englis (University of Illinois) . .54-62

Attendance at Forty-fourth Annual Convention 33-34

Attendance at Forty-third Annual Convention 19-20

Charter Members 133

Code of Rules and Standards for Judging Bee and Honey Exhibits at
Fairs as Adopted by Illinois State Beekeepers' Association. 140-143

Constitution and By-Laws of the Illinois State Beekeepers' Associa-
tion 131-132

County Association Activities for 1933 and 1934 83-94

Diseases of Adult Bees — V. G. Milum, B. D. Burkes 70-79

Honorary Members 133

Intormadon About Bee Culture — U. S. £>^artment of Agriculture. .. .134-139

James A. Stone \-^ 26-27

Letter of Transmittal 3

List of Awards of the Illinois State Fair 123-129

Members of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association for 1933-1934 144-151

Minutes of the Forty-third Annual Convention 9-11

Minutes of the Forty-fourth Annual Convention 21-23

Officers of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association for 1933 6

Officers of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association for 1934 7

Officers of Illinois State Beekeepers' Association for 1935 8

Paper Given on Floor of the Convention — M. G. Dant 35-40

Pollination of Fruits — R. L. McMum 45-53

Report of the Treasurer for 1933 13-15

Report of the Treasurer for 1934 28-29

Report of the Secretary for 1933 and 1934 31-33

Report of the Advertising Committee 113-114

Resolution Adopted at the Forty-third Annual Convention 12

R-esolutions Adopted at the Forty-fourth Annual Convention 24-25

2,000 Mile Beekeeping Tour — Wesley W. Osborn .41-44

State Inspector of Apiaries 95-96

The Effect of Methods of Processing, Heating and Storage Temperature
of the Crystallization of Illinois Honeys — V. G. Milum, G. E. Lynn,

K. T. Crum, (University of Illinois) 63-69

Winning Recipes in Honey Culinary at the 1934 State Fair 115-121

Winning Recipes of the Pleasant Plains Farmers' Institute 122-123

s