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The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material.
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Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be ^^used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of 31^^^^^^K ^ Yair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
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: FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
(Illinois)
THE CHICAGO FOREIGN LANGUAGE
PRESS SURVEY
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Translated and Compiled
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Chicago Public Library Oninibiis Project
O.P. No. 65-1-54-273 (3)
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FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION (lUinois) '
Charles P. Casey, State Administratoi;
SERVICE DIVISION ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^t
Evelyn S. Byron, State Director Kathleen Ford, District Director
Research and Records Programs Section
Frank J. Morris, State Chief William C. Harder, District Chief
CfflCAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY OMNIBUS PROJECT
Alex Ladenson, Project Supervisor Claire B. Benepe, Project Techniciaii Greoi^e Anagnos, Unit Supervisor
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CfflCAGO PUBUC LIBRARY ~ SPONSOR
Carl B. Roden, Librarian Nathan R. Levin, Assistant
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History of the Survey
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In the autumn of 1936 the Chicago Foreign Language Press Survey w£us organized as a worl: project under the then Works Progress i
Administration of Illinois. Its purpose was to translate and classify selected news articles appearing in the foreign language press of the city during the past century. The Survey was officially sponsored by the Chicago Public Library, with the cojmplete backing of f Carl B. Roden, Librarian, and Nathan R. Levin, Assistant Librarian.
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^ Before the project had been in existence very long, it won the support of other ; agencies. The Newberry Library, the Chicago Historical Society, and the John Crerar Library extended it their facilities immediately . The history departments of the University of Chicago and Northwestem University endorsed the work, and through Professors Bessie L. Pierce, Isaac J. Cox, and Tracy E. Strevey gave valuable advice and direction. The name of Professor Pierce should be singled out particularly for her
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The work of the Survey was also received with a lively interest by the newspapers, organizations, and leaders of the foreign language communities of the city. Not a few of them acted as co-sponsors. In fact it is no exaggeration to state that the success of the project is due in no small measure to this cooperation. Among the many newspapers and organizations ^at have participated, mention should be made of the following: The Abendpost, the Danish National Committee, the Danish Times, the Denni Hlasatel, the Dziennik Chicagoski, the Greek Press, the Greek Star, the Jewish Daily Courier, the Jewish Daily Forward, the Jewish People's Institute, the Narod, the Naujienos, the Polish National Alliance, the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, the Rassviet, the Skandinaven, the Svomost, the Saloniki, and the Zgoda.
Because of a curtailment in the WPA program, the Survey was terminated in October 1941. Although it was not possible to examine all of the newspapers originally planned, the bulk of the work was completed.
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The Survey was supervised at various periods by James Monaghan, Dr. Thomas R. Hall, Jane L. Cates, and George Anagnos. The gigantic task of arranging the material for microfilming was performed under the direction of George Ana^os and Oscar W. ^
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Description of the Files
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The files of the Survey consist of some 120,000 sheets (5"x8") of type written matter translated from newspapers of twenty-two different foreign language conraiunities of Chicago. Represented in the Survey are the following groups:
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Albanian ( |
{■ 91) |
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Bohemian ( |
:i5,811) |
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Chinese { |
[ 398) |
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Croatian ( |
: 1,321) |
|
Danish { |
: 3,847) |
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Dutch ^^1 ^ |
[ 795) |
|
Filipino ^ { |
: 588) |
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German ( |
:i8,448) |
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Greek ^ - ( |
:i0,706) |
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Hungarian ( |
: 2,688) |
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" Italian:-:;.: vr.- -•■;—( |
[ 2,950) |
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'S Jewish ^^■-''''<--'''^-'^ ■'':■:''■:,. { |
[16,298) |
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Lithuanian r^ ( |
[ 5,950) |
|
Norwegian ( |
[ 7,654) |
|
Polish: 1 |
[16,368) |
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Russian * ( |
[ 5,963) |
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Serbian j |
[ 124) |
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Slovak i |
[ 509) |
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Slovene i |
[- 197) |
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Spanish ( |
[ 1,909) |
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Swedish ( |
[ 6,780) |
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Ukrainian -M |
^ 997) |
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The figure appearing in parenthesis indicates the number of sheets in the files pertaining to the respective group.
For the benefit of research students, the names and dates of coverage of the principal newspapers and periodicals included in the Survey are listed below: *
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ALBANIAN
Albanian Journal (Monthly) 1922-23. , Albanian Messenger (Monthly) 1927-1935
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BOHEMIAN
Czechoslovak Review (Monthly) 1918-24.
Denni Hlasatel (Daily) 1901-18, 1920-22.
Svomost (Daily) Apr 1878-Sep 1885, 1890-92, 1896-1900.
CHINESE _
Chinese Centralist Daily News 1928. San Min Morning Paper 1936-38.
CROATIAN
HrvatskaZastava (Daily) 1915-17. ■
Hrvatski Glasnik (Weekly) 1923, 1928, 1930. Jugoslavia (Weekly) 1921-23. Jugoslovenska Zastava (Weekly) 1918. . Novi Svijet (Weekly) 1924-34, 1936. ; RadniCka Straza (Weekly) 1907-17. Radnik (Weekly) 1923-Sep 1929. Syjetlo (Monthly) 1911. ?-
Znanje (Weekly) 1918-Feb 1922, 1935-36. „
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DANISH .
Dansk Tidende (Weekly) May-Jun 1919, 1921, 1932-36. Dansk Tidende Og Revyen (Weekly) 1922-Nov 1931. Hejmdal (Weekly) Oct 1874-Jan 1878. Revyen (Weekly) Apr 1895-Jun 1921.
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DUTCH
Onze Toekomst (Weekly) 1906-13, 1919-27.
GERMAN
Abendpost (Daily) 1889-Sep 1911, Aug 1914-Feb 1916,
July 1918-19, 1923-35. Atlantis (Monthly) 1855-Apr 1858. Chicagoer Arbeiter Zeitung (Daily) 1879-89. Illinois Staats-Zeitung (Daily) 1861-81, 1885-1893,
1899-1901,1914-18.
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GREEK
American Hellenic Worid (Monthly) Aug 1926-Oct 1928
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GREEK (Cont'd.) ^ r
Chicago Greek Daily 1921-32, 1934- Jan 1935.
Democrat (Monthly) 1927-Apr 193 U Greek American News (Weekly) 1936. Greek News (Weekly) 1935. Greek Press (Weekly) Jun 1929-Mar 1934. ' Greek Star (Weekly) Jan 1908-Apr 1910. Loxias (Weekly) Jun 1908-Nov 1918. Proodos (Irregular) Apr 193 1-Oct 1934. Saloniki (Weekly) Aug 1913-1931. Saloniki-Greek Press (Weekly) Mar 1934-36. Star (Weekly) Jan 1904-Jan 1908. .£
HUNGARIAN S *r
Interest (Weekly) Nov 1933, 1934-36.
Magyar Tribune (Weekly) Mar 1917-21, Jul 1924-1931,
Jan-Sepl933. s r^f < Otthon (Weekly) 192i2-|6.
ITALIAN . ■■■" „.„.„.;■: .>■-_.-,:■, t-vj""
BoUettino Delia Camera Di Commercio Italiana
(Irregular) 1911-Oct 1926, Apr 1928-33, 1935-36.
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ITALIAN
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Bollettino Italo- American NationalUnion
(Monthly) Mar 1924-36. II Bollettino Sociale (Monthly) Nov 1928-Mar 1931. Bulletin of Illinois Grand Lxxlge Order of Sons of Italy in America
,, (Monthly) 1927, 1930, 1932-36. L'ltalia (Daily) Oct 1886-1920. Mens Italica (Monthly) 1928-29, 1936. La Parola del Popolo (Monthly) Sep 1921-Nov 1924. La Parola dei Socialisti (Weekly) 1908-May 1916. La Parola Prolestaria (Weekly) 1916.
La Tribuna Italiana Transatlantica (Weekly) Jun 1904- Apr 1908. Vita Nuova (Monthly) 1925-3 L
JEWISH
Jewish Advance (Weekfy) 1881.
Jewish Daily Courier 1906-28.
Jewish Daily Forward 1919-32. m
Jewish Labor World (Weekly) 1908, 1916-19.
Jewish Standard (Weekly) Apr 1908-July 1909.
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Jaunimas (Semi-Monthly) 1926, 1930, 1936. Katalikas (Weekly) 1899-1903. C "
Lietuva (Weekly) Dec 1892-1918.^^ Naujienos (Daily) Feb 1914-16. Sandara (Weekly) 1930.^ Vilnis (Daily) 1925-27.
NORWEGIAN
Skandia (Daily) Jun 1899-1902, 1904-08, 1910-35. Skandinaven (Weekly) 1871-72, 1876-87, 1889-94, 1896-1921.
POUSH
Dziennik Chicagoski (Daily) 1890-97, 1903-08, 1921-22. Dziennik Ludowy (Daily) Mar 1907-08. s? Dziennik Zjednoczenia (Daily) 1921-23, 1926-30. Dziennik Zwiazkowy Zgoda (Daily) 1908-18. Nar6d Polski (Weekly) 1897-1902, 1904-21. Polonia (Weekly) 1916-25, 19364^" Przebudzenie (Weekly) Nov 1927-31. Zgoda (\yeekly) 1887-94, 1897-1903. ;
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Domashni Vrach (Monthly) 1916-18^ %i - Moskva (Monthly) 1929-30. S "^ ' I Rassviet (Daily) May 1926-36. Russkaya Pochta (Weekly) 1917-18. Russkii Viestnik (Daily) Nov 1923- Apr 1926. Russkoe Obozrenie (Monthly) 1927-30. Svobodnaya Rossiya 1917-23.
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SERBIAN ^
Balkan (Weekly) 1909. Soko (Monthly) 1912-13. Ujednijeno Sipstvo (Weekly) 1922-23, 1934, 1936.
SLOVAK :""..-• \^5-^--"'^^-^^^^
Osadn6 Hlasy (Weekly) Sep-Oct 1928, Mar 1929-June 1933,
Jan 1934-Mar 1935;
Rovnost Ludu (Weekly) Oct 1906-Maf 1913.
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SLOVENE ■■'%'/',.'.- '' §-m-^^^^^^^^^^ ;..^^' ■:■..■ Amerikanski Slovenec (Weeldy) 1925-26, 1928. , Proletarec (Weekly) 1906, 1908-13, 1915-19, 1927-1930, 1932.
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SPANISH ..-'-:■''■ ' 'W^^''' ■-: ;,y : .;; y- L'Alianza (Monthly) 1936. '
El Buen Samaritano (Monthly) 1924. La Defensa (Weekly) 1935-36. Evolucion (Semi-Monthly) 1937. El Heraldo (Weekly) 1935-1937. Ideal (Semi-Monthly) 1929-1930. El Ideal Catolico Mexicano (Weekly) 1935-1937. El Indicador (Weekly) 1903. El Liberal (Bi-Monthly) 1933. La Lucha (Semi-Monthly) 1932-1934. El Mexicano (Weekly) 1 928- 1 930. Mexico (Tri- Weekly) 1928-1930. El Nacional (Weekly) 1930-1935. La Voz de Mexico (Monthly) 1935-1936.
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SWEDISH
Svenska Anierikanaren (Weekly) 1907-1909.
Svenska Kuriren (Weekly) 1907-08, 1911-20, 1925-Sep 1929.
Svenska Nyheter (Weekly) 1903.
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SWEDISH (Cont'd) ^
Svenska Nyheter-Humoristen (Weekly) Oct 1903- July 1906. Svenska Tribunen (Weekly) 1878-Mar 1904, 1905-June 1906. Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter (Weekly) July 1906-Dec 1906, 1909-1910, 1915-16, 1919-24, 1927, 1929-33.
UKRAINIAN
Nash Styah (Weekly) Dec 1933-July 1936. Ranna Zorya (Monthly) 1919. Sichovi Visty (Semi-Monthly) 1920-24. Sitch (Semi-Monthly) 1924-29. Ukraina (Weekly) May 1917-20. Ukraina (Weekly) 1930-31.
In selecting the newspaper to be translated, availability was the chief determining factor. Since the publication dates of no one newspaper coincided with the life of a particular foreign language community, it was necessary to use several papere to obtain complete coverage. In several instances, however, two papers with widely divergent views covering the same period were examined.
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The material for each foreign language group is arranged separately. Within each group the sheets are filed in reverse chronology with the most recent date first, and under the following code outline: J:}fC:'%-^:::'-^-m-.' \^
ATTITUDES A. Education % 1;. Secular
a. Elementary, Higher (High School and College)
b. Foreign Languages ,
c. Taxation for Public Schools ^
d. Special Endowments 2* Parochial .
a. Elementary, Higher (High School and College)
b. Foreign Languages
c. Contributions
d. Special Endowments
3. Adult Education f /
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Jti. Temperance
2p Blue Laws
3; Family Organization
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c. Family Economic Organization #5 Religious Customs and Practices
C. Own and Other National or Language Groups
D. Economic Organization
1. Capitalistic Enterprise
a. Big Business
b. Small Business
2. Labor Organization and Activities
a. Unions
(1) Company
(2) Craft V
(3) Industrial '
(4) Strikes J \
b. Cooperative
c. Unemployment
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E. Social Organization ■: F. Politics -:-: 'nM/.'": '"..^
L Voting as Blocs
2. Part Played by Social and Political Societies 3* Progranis and Purposes
4. Extent of Influence
5. Political Leadership
6. Graft and Corruption G. War
H. Social Problems and Social Legislation
K. Position of Women and Feminism L. Agriculture in the United States M. Health and Sanitation IL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACTIVITIES A. Vocational
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% Industrial and Comniercial
3. Aesthetic ^^J
a. Arts and Handicrafts
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d. Theatrical
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(2) Dancing • B. Avocational and Intellectual
ii Aesthetic
a. Music
b. Painting and Sculpture ^^ Theatrical
(1) Drama
(2) Dancing
(3) Festivals, Pageants, Fairs and Expositions
d. Literary Societies "
e. Literature v^ /^ 2. Intellectual ^ *
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b. Museums '' :■-,-'::'.■;••'■■"> , j:w,:^ .'v-
c. Scientific and Historical Societies
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(1) Newspapers
(2) Periodicals
(3) Books
e. Radio Programs and Cinema
f. Special Schools and Classes
g. Forums, Discussion Groups and Lectures 3. Athletics and Sports
C. Permanent Memorials
D. Benevolent and Protective Institutions
% Benevolent Societies % Insurance Companies f^ ^ Hospitals, Clinics and Medical Aid " I. Orphanages and Churches ^^■.M..: Homes for the Aged m Settlement Houses and Community Centers 7. Organizations for Legal Assistance . 8. Employment Agencies
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10. Foreign and Domestic Relief E. Crime and Delinquency #i Organized Crime f . Individual Crime Si Crime Prevention
Real Estate Transfers and Building Activities ffl. ASSIMILATION
A. Segration ^
B . Nationalistic Societies and Influences
1. Effect upon United States Govemment and State Policies
2. Activities of Nationalistic Societies
3. Commemoration of Holidays
a. National
b. Religious '^^^k.^^^-'^y ^ Conventions and Conferences
C. National Churches and Sects
D. Participation in United States Service fi. Youth Organizations _
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IV. REPRESENTATIVE INDIVIDUALS
V. MISCELLANEOUS CHARACTERISTICS
A. Foreign Origins "
v^ Geographical ; 2. Social and Occupational
B. Picturesque Miscellanies
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It was not intended that this outline be a rigid classification scheme. The headings were made sufficiently general so that large varieties of material could be easily grouped together. At the same time the outline follows what is considered a logical development ''W'''^-^--:^::'-^'-''--'\-^-- /-r-'^^^^^^
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from the point of view of subject content. It is hoped that this arrangement will facilitate the use of the files.
Alex Ladenson
Project Supervisor
The Chicago Public Library Omnibus Project Work Projects Administration 1400 W Washington Blvd. Chicago, 111. ^ ^
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET
OCLC: 17634209 Entered: 19880316
Used: 20030218
Type: a BLvl : s S/L: 0 Desc : a
►040
►007
►043
►090
►090
►049
|
Ctrl: |
Lang : eng |
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Ctry: ilu |
|
ISSN: |
Alph: |
Dates: 1942,1942
Rec Stat: c Replaced: 19990611 ELvl: I Srce: d GPub: £ Form: a Conf: 0 Freq: u Orig: a EntW: Regl: u SrTp: Cont: DtSt: d JNA *c JNA *d CX:L
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n-us-il ^ F548.9.A1 *b U547 *b
PRIA
►245 00 Chicago foreign language press survey / ^c translated and compiled by the Chicago Public Library Omnibus Project. ►260 Chicago, 111. : *b The Project, *c 1942-1942. ►300 V.
►533 Microfilm, ^b Chicago : ^c University of Chicago Libraries, D^pt. of Photographic Reproduction, >^d [1942?] ^e reels ; 35 mm. ►500 At head of title: Federal Works Agency, Works Project Administration (Illinois)
►500 "The Chicago foreign language press survey was organized as a work project under the then Works Project Administration of Illinois ... to translate and classify selected news articles appearing in the foreign language press of the city during the past century." — Introd. ►651 0 Chicago (111.) ♦x History *y 1875-
►650 0 American newspapers *z Illinois *z Chicago "^x Foreign language press. ►650 0 American newspapers ^z Illinois *z Chicago ^v Bibliography. ►710 2 Chicago Public Library Omnibus Project. ►710 1 United States, ^b Work Projects Administration, ^b Illinois.
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-s<i<.-
■"•* ^^yvi.'
Guide to Contents :
CGP 2004.001.1: Albanian, I Ala - IV
CGP 2004.001.2: Bohemian,! Ala- 1 F2
CGP 2004.001.3: Bohemian, I F2 (March 6, 1884) - II Al
CGP 2004.001.4: Bohemian, H A2 -
n Blc (3) (December 7, 1903)
CGP 2004.001.5: Bohemian, H Blc (3) (June 15, 1903) -
n Dl (June 8, 1922)
CGP 2004.001.6: Bohemian, II Dl (May 26, 1922) -
II DIO (March 20, 1920)
CGP 2004.001 .7: Bohemian, II DIO (March 19, 1920) -
HI B3a (July 2, 1918)
CGP 2004.001.8: Bohemian, ffl B3a (June 30, 1918) -
m G (August 27, 1913)
CGP 2004.001.9: Bohemian, ffl G (February 19, 1913) - V B
CGP 2004.001.10: Chinese, I Ala - V B
CGP 2004.001.11: Croatian, I Ala - 1 E (October 22, 1909)
CGP 2004.001.12: Croatian, I E (August 13, 1909) - IV
CGP 2004.001.13: Danish, I Ala - 1 G (March 8, 1919)
CGP 2004.001.14: Danish, I G (June 8, 1918) -
n DIO (April 12, 1913)
i. JJt, ICTf"— -■?•?■
CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00 CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00
CGP 2004.00
.15: Danish, H DIO (February 24, 1912) - V B
.16: Dutch, I Ala - n D5
.17: Dutch, n D8 - V Al
.18: Filipino, I Ala - V B
.19: German, I Ala - 1 Bl (April 16, 1881)
.20: German, I Bl (April 2, 1881) - I D2a (2) (December 14, 1891)
.21: German, I D2a (2) (December 14, 1891) - IFl (October 4, 1872)
.22: German, I Fl (August 7, 1872) - 1 F6
.23: German, I G - 1 H (February 17, 1919)
.24: German, I H (February 13, 1919) - H A3c
.25: German, U A3d (1) - ,, -«*
n Blc (3) (September 13, 1880)
.26: German, U Blc (3) (September 5, 1880) - n Dl aanuary 9, 1901) , ,,
.27: German, n Dl (December 17, 1897) - in A (October 22, 1915)
.28: German, III A (September 6, 1915) - ffl C (September 26, 1 879)
.29: German, m C (June 11, 1879) - IV (January 29, 1892)
.30: German, IV (January 8, 1892) - V B
CGP 2004.001 .3 1 : Greek, I Ala - 1 E (July 4, 193 1)
COP 2004.001.32: Greek, I E (April 16, 1931) -
n A2 (September 1, 1923)
CGP 2004.001.33: Greek, H A2 (August 1 1, 1923) -
n Dl (November 8, 1924)
CGP 2004.001.34:
Greek, H Dl (October 25, 1924) - m C (November 16, 1933)
CGP 2004.001.35: Greek, HI C (November 12, 1933) - '
III H (April 30, 1931) *
CGP 2004.001.36: Greek, IE H (April 28, 1931) - V B >
I CGP 2004.001.37: Hungarian, I Ala - H Al (July 22, 1934)
CGP 2004.001.38: Hungarian, H Al (October 30, 1931) -
m H (February 4, 1921) -uxm---- 'M
#•;
CGP 2004.001.39 CGP 2004.001.40 CGP 2004.001.41 CGP 2004.001.42 CGP 2004.001.43 CGP 2004.001.44 CGP 2004.001.45 CGP 2004.001.46 CGP 2004.001. 47
Hungarian, ffl H (February 4, 1921) - V B | Italian, I Ala -HDIO (February 9, 1913) ) Italian, H DIO (February 2, 1913) - V A2 Jewish, I Ala - 1 B3a (March 19, 1923) '
■■ , ■ V ■■■■
Jewish, I B3a (August 18, 1921) - 1 D2a (1)
Jewish, I D2a (2) - 1 Fl (April 3, 1910) :
Jewish, I Fl (April 1, 1910) - H A3b
Jewish, n A3c - n B2f (May 20, 1913)
Jewish, n B2f (April 14, 1913) - II D5 (January 23, 1922)
■* -.
■«v,-
V- ■/. .. fi#
B'M-
.■■»-r/'T,';r;-i^r -r-»
CGP 2004.001.48: Jewish, H D5 (January 17, 1919) -
n DIO (December 25, 1 897)
CGP 2004.001 .49: Jewish, H DIO (February 22, 1 894) -
raB4 (August 31, 1919)
CGP 2004.001.50: Jewish, ffl B4 (August 17, 1919) -
in G (December 1, 1917)
CGP 2004.001.51: Jewish, ffl G (1916/1917) -
IV (December 2, 1893)
CGP 2004.001.52: Jewish, IV (November 18, 1893) - V B
CGP 2004.001.53: Lithuanian, I Ala- nA2
CGP 2004.001.54: Lithuanian, II A2 (October 27, 1916) - II Dl
CGP 2004.001.55: Lithuanian, H Dl [n.d.] -
ffl C (October 28, 1898)
CGP 2004.001.56: Lithuanian, ffl C (September 23, 1898) - V B
CGP 2004.001.57: Norwegian, I Ala - 1 F4 (May 12, 1900)
CGP 2004.001.58: Norwegian, I F4 (May 6, 1900) -
HBla (October 28, 1901)
CGP 2004.001.59: Norwegian, II Bla (October 26, 1901) -
II D5 (January 23, 1910)
CGP 2004.001.60: Norwegian, II D5 (January 4, 1910) - ffl B2
CGP 2004.001.61: Norwegian, ffl B3a - V B
CGP 2004.001.62: Polish, I Ala - 1 A2a (December 12, 191 1)
CGP 2004.001.63: Polish, I A2a (December 1 1, 191 1) -
I D2a (4) (December 6, 1921)
CGP 2004.001.64: PoUsh, I D2a (4) (December 5, 1921) -
I F6 (September 9, 1914)
CGP 2004.001.65: Polish, I F6 (December 15, 1913) -
n A2 (July 25, 1917)
CGP 2004.001.66: Polish, H A2 (July 21, 1917) -
n Bid (November 13, 191 1)
CGP 2004.001.67: Polish, H Bid (November 8, 1911) -
n C (December 15, 1892)
CGP 2004.001.68: Polish, H C (December 14, 1892) - H El
CGP 2004.001.69: PoUsh, H E2 - m B2 (May 16, 1894)
CGP 2004.001.70: Polish, HI B2 (May 15, 1894) -
HI C (December 12, 1921)
CGP 2004.001.71: Polish, HI C (December 10, 1921) -
m G (February 2, 1912)
CGP 2004.001.72: Polish, m G (December 18, 191 1) - V 8
CGP 2004.001.73: Russian, I Ala - 1 E (May 1, 1935)
CGP 2004.001.74: Russian, I E (April 27, 1935) -
II B2d (1) (April 3, 1924)
CGP 2004.001.75: Russian, H B2d (1) (March 4, 1924) -
nDl(1931)
CGP 2004.001.76: Russain, H Dl (December 1929) - V B
CGP 2004.001.77: Serbian, I Ala - HI H
CGP 2004.001.78: Slovak, I Ala - V Al
CGP 2004.001.79: Slovene, I A2a - IV
CGP 2004.001.80: Spanish, I Ala - H E3
CGP 2004.001.81: Spanish, ffl A - IV
CGP 2004.001.82: Swedish, I Ala - 1 F5 (May 1, 1906)
CGP 2004.001 .83 : Swedish, I F5 (April 24, 1 906) -
n Bla (June 23, 1903)
CGP 2004.001 .84: Swedish, H B 1 a (June 9, 1 903) -
II D3 (December 16, 1909)
CGP 2004.001.85: Swedish, II D3 (May 20, 1909) -
ni G (January 10, 1923)
CGP 2004.001.86: Swedish, HI G (November 22, 1922) - V B
CGP 2004.001.87: Ukranian, I Ala - V B
'■>,..
'^
THIS REEL CONTAINS
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■laHBHHHaHHHHHHH^^
CGP 2004-001.35
Greek
111 C — 111 H.
November 12, 1933
April 30, 1931
List of Irregularities :
-Image quality in original uneven throughout
-Index of topics are found in the upper left comer of frame
-Some titles appear in microfilm but were not included in INDEX of titles
»f»^3<fr,-i^. - rffffffflgtr . ^^^^^^^^^^^l|PPlP«!Pi
Revision Statement
The original film was made from the holdings of the Chicago Public Library by the University of Chicago Libraries, Department of Photographic Reproductions. In 2004 it was reorganized and direct duplicated by OCLC Preservation Service Center to better meet current preservation standards and to better assist patrons in their research.
Ill c
GRZSK
Stt Constantlne * s Parish News, Nov. 12, 1933.
*
CLERICiiL NOT.^LSS PARTICIPATE m GREAT VESPER
On Friday November 3, Bishop Callistos officiated in the Great Vesper at our church. He was assisted by our pastor, Rev. Mark E. Petrakis, and about twenty other priests who had gathered here that evening. The church chdir aided in the ceremony, and did extremely well with Mrs. Ann Siavelis at the organ. Among the pisalms were **Phos Hilaron** and **Svlogetos E ; Ghiste".
'4
m C GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct, 31, 1933»
GENERAL MEETING OF 1HE MEMBERS OF ASSUMPTION OF THE VIRGIN PARISH Incidents and Disagre^nents Attacks on the Pastor of the Church
Ibe last general meeting of the members of Assumption of the Virgin parish fras very turbulent and astonishing because of the revelation that conditions in the parish were not iriiat they had seemed to he. Right after the meeting had been ^ called to order by the president, Mr, Andritsopoulos, a motion was made to elect ^ two representatiyes of the parish to the convention of clergy and laity, and o because the president was nominated as candidate, he withdrew from the chair » D^ and then it was revealed that the vice-president and six more members of the board had resigned a few days before, and the treasurer likewise^
So Mr* Lymperes, the secretary, took the chair as temporary presiding officer during the election of the representatives, and after the election of the presi- dent, he again took the chair to preside over the meeting* !I9ie venerable
"D
- 2 - GREEK .
1.^-
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933. \o^'' ^'
Mr. George Bellas declined to be a candidate for representative^
The president thanked the members for his election and asked the co-operation ^ of all and especially that of his opponent, Mr* John Kolliopoulos, who declined ^ to accord it, saying that their views were at variance on many subjects, and r that there was no chance for co-operation on the matter of their stand at the <- convention. After this somebody took the floor and asked the president to 3 declare openly that after the convention a general meeting would be called to vote on the constitution of the Archdiocese, since conditions at present are doubtful and vague; some want ^^e Archdiocesey^f end some do not, for it has not been voted on by any general meeting.
Mr. Geo. Manos....took the floor and asked for an explanation of the resigna- tion of the vice-president, the treasurer, and the other members of the board; /these resignations, said he^/ were a surprise to the members of the meeting, who wished to know idiat was going on behind the scenes of the adminstration of the church.
o
* CO
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- 3 - GRSEK
r
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r.
\
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933.
The president said that they were present and might speak for themselves; so he asked the ex-vice-president to report to the meeting on the reasons for "Dhe resignations*
The ex- vice-president said that all the ex-members of the board had authorized the treasiirer to be their spokesr:ian, and that they would abide by his statements*
ro
The floor was then given xo Vx. Soteras, the ex-treasurer, v7ho stated to the '^ members that he and his colleagues had resigned because they did not agree with the other members of the board about ccciplying v/ith the decisions taken by the former board; that they had signed /their promise7 to carry out ^hese provi- sions/ and were bound zo do so, but the others did not want to comply with them.
The most important decision is xhat about -che priest, over which the dis- agreement among "che members occurred. It was decided a long time ago to dis- miss the pastor, the Reverend C. Papanikolaou, and for this purpose a special
. 4 - GRgSK
Proodos (Progress), Oct. 31, 1933.
committee was formed to see him and persuade him to submit his resignation ^ rather than to let him be dismissed. 5
This decision, however, was not carried out because the pastor had succeeded p at the last election in having his own partisans chosen, among them his brother, ^ and thereafter had obtained a leave of absence for four months, going to the g old country and leaving his successor to await his return.
For these reasons, that is to say, because the priest has had his own way and ^i has not paid any attention to the board, doing as he pleases, especially since the last convention of clergy and laity, because he cares only for himself and not for the church, and because the other members of the board take sides with the priest, all who disagreed with these policies had resigned.
TJhe president then stated that the decision to dismiss the pastor had been adopted by a vote of 8 to 7, and... .somebody shouted:
- 5 - GHEEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933.
♦Tou are a liart**
The former president, Mr. John Kollopoxilos, asked to see the minutes and said ^
that he remembered that the vote was 9 to 7, and that after the arrival of 5
Mr* Art Papantoniou from Cicero the vote was 10 to 7 • <::^
In looking over the minutes he discovered that the ink /used to writj^ the ^
figures was different from that used for the rest of the record, and /this dis- §
ooYevyT forced the secretary to state that there was not any forgery or altera- ^
tion, but that he wrote the figures in after writing the minutest g
Mr* Geo* Koletes took the floor to explain irtiy their decision was not complied with and said that in order to dismiss the priest, the Archdiocese must have a written complaint signed by one of the members of the board, and since nobody was willing to sign it, this decision was not carried out; that was why the former president, Mr* John Koliopoulos, had resigned*
Mr* Koliopoulos asked that all the minutes of the various sessions which
cr
- 6 - QRirgK -" '-,
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933» * "^^ /f
concerned the priest might be read«
The president after this reading asked that all the minutes be read, and the ^ correspondence with the Archdiocese concerning this matter, so that the members ^ mi^t form a clear opinion. <r^
Then Mr* Tyrovolas, one of the ex-members of the board, took the floor and said: -^
o
**Gentlemen, we came here to investigate the condition of our parish. Tou see co that the parish is divided on account of the priest. If that priest had had a C::^ sense of honor, a sense of responsibility, ^e would have realized that/ his duty was to get away and let us alone and not to do everything to stay in spite of those irtio do not like him. A priest who has not the respect and esteem of one hundred per cent of his parishioners has no place in that parish. Here we have the example of a priest who, when almost half his parishioners like him, and the other half do not, tries to remain; this shows that he has no sense of
honor, duty, or responsibility**^
cr
- 7 - GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933*
ISr. Plkras, another ex-member of the board, took the floor and said that since he had come to this parish, /the pries^ had not added a single nail to the church but had always looked out for his pocketbook, and that so he had succeeded in dividing the parish.
••Look liiat he did; he went away and concealed the covers of the Holy Alter in- stead of surrendering them to the board or to the caretaker. *•
CO
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At this point an old woman, Mrs. Konkles, shouted: «»
••They are inside the church, and nobody took them, neither the priest nor any- body else.^^
••How do you know it?** shouted another old woman behind her, and we almost had a fi^t among the few women who were present at this surprisingly turbulent meeting.
- 8 - GRE3K:
Proodos (Progress), Oct. 31, 1933. Somebody else took the floor and said, ""
•T[,ook, gentlemen, where we have arrived on account of the priest. Mr. Lymperes and Mr. John Koliopoulos were the best of friends. Look at them now; and the same thing has happened to quite a few. Is it ri^t that the whole parish should suffer because of that priest? The people of Cicero do not attend this church because they dislike the priest •**
O
After many similar revelations and attacks against one another, with remarks *^ and explanations added, the priest* s brother tried to justify their absent pastor, but the president closed the meeting with the statement that after the convention of clergy and laity a general meeting would be called to decide these important questions, and that he would not again be a candidate for any office in the parish*
This was the result of the friction between the members of the parish and the
■>
- 9 - C5RS1K v' j
Proodos (Progress) , Oct. 31, 1933.
priest which began after the first convention of clergy and laity. The con- ^
ditions pictured in this parish meeting are similar to those in most Greek 5
communities because of the fact that since this first convention the parishes <=^
cannot dismiss or suspend the priest without the consent of the Archbishop. r^
-o
It seems that according to the charter of the Greek Archdiocese the various o boards have been reduced to collectors of money for the priests, who do every- '^ thing lAiich th^ choose without any fear of punishment from those who pay them. S
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■ t
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III C nryv.^
Proodos (Progress), Oct, 31, 1933.
SBSSI013S OF THE CLERGY-IAITY COIWENTICN STARTED YESTERDAY
244 Communities are Represented
The Church of ♦^Evangelismos,*' Annunciation of the Virgin, has been a busy- place since last Sunday, when Archbishop Athenegoras held Llass there.
The Clergy-Laity Convention is being held there. From early yesterday, all comers iwr© bothered with the distribution of various publications and pamphlets and especially the irksome insistence of the representatives of the coflffliunistic paper, Empros.
It seems that all the representatives are sensitive and very active, and there is plenty of dynamite ready for explosion at this convention.
Long before the beginning of the sessions, a priest and a lawyer almost exchanged blows for some misunderstanding regarding the attitude of the
- 2 -
GREEK
Proodos (Progress) , Oct. 31, 1933.
Bolsheviki, and two other clergymen started a dispute in an angry way exchanging words, insults and threats, unbecoming to clergymen^
All this occurred before the sessions started* They delayed the open- ing a little in order to register all the representatives*
The office reported yesterday, that 244 Greek Coiimiunities have sent representatives* About 3 o'clock in the afternoon the registration was- complete and the first session started with convocation and mass by Archbishop Athenagoras*
After the announcement of the beginning of the sessions, by the Pres- ident-Archbishop Athenagoras, a motion was made to elect four secretaries- of the convention, two from the clergy and two from the laity^ And right then and there we have the first incident of disturbance in the conven- tion which seems likely/ to be a very turbulent one* When Mr* G. ^fTiekopoulos, a lawyer, moved to nominate Mr* G. Drossos as one of the secretaries, Mr*
J
- 3 -
GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933.
Heliopoulos, the teacher, objected with such impropriety and shameless expressions, that the convention unanimously shouted ♦♦Put him out - put him out,** and a few rushed to attack him*
The presiding Archbishop scolded the offender and called him from the floor. The election of Mr. Drossos was offered by acclamation, as no- body supported the malevolent objection.
It is a pity for the class of the Greek teachers to have among them such shameless individuals. Only a shameless and malevolent type would make such an objection and express disrespectful statements in a conven- tion, using profanity and indecency, involving the nomination of a fellow teacher.
We can imagine in what kind of persons we entrust the education of the little Greek childrenl
- 4 -
GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933.
After the election of the Rev. Erinaeos Tsourounake, and Rev.
l^sil Loke from the clergy and Mr. Drossos,and l^ir. Anastasiades from the laity, Bi-shop Kallistos welcomed the members of the convention and wished felicitations for them and the convention's work.
Mr. John Drit^as, the attorney of the Greek Consulate of Chicago, also welcomed the members of the convention. He represented Consul De Pastas who is ill* The Greek minister Hon. SimopoulOs, congratulated the representatives and the work of the convention.
After this the presiding Archbishop read* the rules and regulations to be followed during the sessions.
This was an opportunity for a few to show off rather than to say anything of importance, and others to object or make motions. Someone even got excited because his motion was referred to a committee for considerationl
- 5 -
GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933.
Mr. Apostolos Demos, the lawyer, also known as Paul Demos, took the floor and read before the convention a tiresome and incoherent speech with plenty of grammatical errors and other mistakes - unbecoming a lawyer* The poor fellow had not read the manuscript before, which caused him to stumble*
We cannot heip but report some of his grammatical pearls as for instance^ •*the \msurpassed divinity" and otheis as humorous in his portrayal- of his ignorance of his subject, and many more perfectly irrelevant.
Homer says^ **clad in much of impudence.** If that statement can be attri- buted to someone, certainly in this ovation it has a perfect application. Neither the request of the retiring members to smoke, the pounding of the gavel of the presiding Archbishop, who tried to stop the noise of the conversation^ or the perfect indifference of the convention to his readingSf moved this fool to stop wasting his time and that of the conven-
- 6 -
GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Oct* 31, 1933.
tion with his foolishness, so he continued to the end of his f oliy« "
After this tiresome reading, Dr» Salopoulos welcomed the members of the convention with an inspired hymn to Crreece, the Greek language and recommended we preserve our national and religious traditions •
llr. Adamantios Polyzoides, took the floor and with his natural eloquence and wealth of knowledge, as for years he has been editor-in-chief of Atlantis, the oldest Greek newsi:aper of America, thanked our country- men of Chicago, for their hospitality and by his splendid oratory en- thused all the members of the convention.
After him a young Greek from Des Lloines, Iowa was invited to speak* He was^ Llr. Zafiropoulos, and representing the new generation he spoke in perfect Greek, even though he studied the Greek language in this
- 7 - GRSSK
Proodos (Progress), Oct. 31, 1933.
country. After a flattering reference to the foniier progress \^;
of the Greeks here, he said the new generation is going at the rate of fifty miles per hour while the old timers are going like the tor- toise.
His speech was the last for the day and the session adjourned to organize and form various committees.
Ill C GRSEK
Greek Press, Oct, 26, 1933 •
TEIE DEBT OF TH2 CLERIC CONVENTION TO THE GRSSl^ B; AM3RICA
(Editorial)
The representatives to the convention of clerics and laymen are pouring into ^
the city from every state in the country. The convention will open next ^
Monday morning. His Holiness, Archbishop ^Athinagoras, will arrive Saturday, .-^
and Sunday he will conduct the Liturgy in the Evangelismos Church. No doubt P the Church will be packed to overflov/ing, for the Archbishop is knov/n to have a beautiful voice.
C7
The Greeks of iimerica are vitally interested in the plans, proposals, and decisions of this gathering of priests and laymen. This can be proved by the tremendous amount of space devoted to the subject by all the Greek papers printed in America. The Greek press seems to be in agreement as to the mea- sures and means that should be examined and discussed by the convention. Of particular interest is the fact that they all want a decentralization of
V. '
Ill C - 2 - aHEEK
Greek Press, Oct. 26, 1S33.
power in the future system of Church government.
This idea has been presented through this column many times. It is generally accepted as true that centralization of power in one individual or even in one restricted group cannot serve the needs of and work to the advantage of a large number of governed groups. This is not necessarily due to egoistic or selfish tendencies on the part of the leaders. Natural handicaps which are hard to remove enter into the situation. V/e are quite sure that the ^^rchbishop will eigree on this point. Past events prove it beyond a doubt.
The foregoing statement does not signify that we believe His Holiness, the Archbishop, has dictatorial intentions as far as the government of the Greek Church in America is concerned. The Archbishop is known to be one of those rare individuals who has an open mind. He is not at all stubborn or prejudiced, and he does not believe that everyone is wrong except himself. He readily accepts any suggestion that may tend to serve the general interests. For these reasons we dare to print our opinion as to the social needs and improvements
"C?
Ill C - 3 - GRFm
Greek Press > Oct, 26, 1933.
of our Church. We feel that they will be given sincere amd serious attention by the convention presided over by the Archbishop.
Matters pertaining to the regulation of government of the churches, rather than religious matters, will receive the most attention. After all, the religious needs are no greater and no different than before, so that they are not of primary importance to this convention. Furthermore, there has been no p controversy regarding the religious aspect of the Greek Church; therefore the <r representatives will be able to devote all their tiiae and energy to settling ^ disputes pertaining to methods of church government. £
As we have repeatedly stated, a division must be made in the duties and obli- gations of the clerics and the laymen. It must be made in such a way that one cannot become the organ, the vassal, or the dictator of the other. If, up to now, the clerics have been viewed a little doubtfully by the laymen, it is mainly due to the former *s lack of tact and understanding at crucial moments. In no way do we wish to seem in agreement with those who brand the clergy as
!X7
CO
Ill G - 4 - GBEBK
Greek Press, Oct. 26, 1933.
selfish, mercenary, and unpatriotic. The Greek clerics in iimerica are as patriotic, and as ideedistic as other Greeks.
Forced as he is to have the co-operation of a Board of Directors — which nine- tenths of the time is worse than incompetent — a priest, desiring to protect the parish entrusted to him, very often assumes full responsibility and ^ leadership. This is exactly the ^bone of contention" which is causing so much ^ division and hatred in our Greek churches. This condition must be bettered or ^ eliminated if the Church is to survive for long. New systems must be worked ^ out that will not give rise to such situations nor cause friction. The future ^ of the Greek Ohurch in America depends upon the action of the convention — ^which will be gi^atly influenced by whatever attitude Archbishop Athinagoras takes. We hope that His Holiness and the entire giroup of representatives will keep this continuously in mind.
o
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Ill C GHEBK
The greek Pre.s, Oct. 9, 1929.
WPA Cl^.\ ^' R,
COLflvEMORATION
v7e are announcing to the Greek people of Chicago that on Sunday, the 13th, the Kimisis Tis Theotuko Church v;ill hold a cornnomoration of the soul of Oikoxunenikou Patriarch Basiliou the Third*
The Board of Directors*
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Ill G |
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II A 3 II A 3 III E TV |
d |
(1) GHEEK
Froodos (Progress), Sept, 30, 1933#
DANCE OF 1HE BROTHERHOOD OF YOUNG MEN AND LADIES OF ST. VASILIOS CHURCH
The spacious hall of the St. Vasilios Church was the scene of a dance given by the recently formed social society of the young girls and boys of the St. Vasilios Church on September 30# The affair was the first of its kind given by this organization and was a great success*
The artistic and musical program arranged by Mr. George Grechis, the well-known musician and Mr. John Athanasopoulos, classical dance instructor, pleased the audience very much.
The aesthetic dance of the girls; the violin solo of the young John Anastasopoulos ; the monologue of Miss Christina Georgoulakes ;
- 2 -
GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933.
the act of Miss Anna Agriostathes and Mr* Miltiades Bulukos; the recitation "Helikon'* by Mr* Avlahos, and musical selections by- Mr* Grechis were surprising performances.
A general dance followed with gayety and joy until the late hours when all departed with the best of memories of this unusual artistic entertainment.
Mr. George Laskaris acted as announcer at the affair.
This organization is preparing to give a show on October 29 for the benefit of the parochial school.
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Proodos . (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933.
GREEK
REV. JOHN MESSARH/IKES AT THE ASSDMPTION OF THE VIRGIN CHURCH
Last Sunday Reverend John Messarhakes was appointed to officiate temporarily at the churoh of the Assumption of the Virgin, as the regular pastor Reverend Papanicolaou left for Greece on a vacation trip.
We hope that the parish will keep this very well educated and eloquent pastor even after the return of their pastor as he will prove a very beneficial and able assistant.
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Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933 »
WPA{UL)PR0j.,3027.^
HAS THE SALT LOST ITS SAVCR?
p.2.— Somewhere in the Holy Scriptures is written,
"If the salt has lost its savor, wherewithal shall it be salted?**
And this salt was and is the officials of the Church who represent it*
And now let us examine what is going on among the clergy, in particular among the clergy of our great city of Chicago, where Greeks abound •
Let us begin with the head of our Church, the Right Reverend Bishop Kallistos of San Francisco, who ought by this time to have been named Bishop of Chicago.
• 2 - GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Sept, 30, 1933*
WPA (iLL) PROI 30275
In these times of dreadful depression all that he does is to teike care of him- self and his subordinates, the priests. Now when all are afflicted with finan- cial difficulties and terrible sufferings, he is interested in his own comfort and in that of his priests and tries cruelly and inhumanly to tax his pious and faithful flock under the pretext of saving the churches and the schools and to promote the infetmous Union of Priests with all the ruthlessness that people will endure.
We wonder why the mystery of the priesthood and the discipline of the ecclesias- tical hierarchy are not ties sufficiently strong to maintain the unity of the clergy.
Has not the Church sufficient authority to impose discipline on its priests in their relations with their flocks? Must they form a distinct Union, an authority within authority?
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Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933 •
GREEK
WPA (ILL/PROJJ027i>
Is not the result of a similar union among Boston policemen still fresh in our memory, that is to say, their strike?
Has Bishop Kallistos tried to care for the numerous victims of this depression among his pious flock? Has he organized any agency to relieve these persons who are now the pariahs of his society?
In the Greek center on the West Side where two of his churches are located are two apostates, Greeks, who are scorned for their apostasy, and who daily vociferate there. But these heretics distribute food to the destitute Greeks of that neighborhood, and the Greeks go to listen to them and get a few bits of food donated by other Greeks from whom the apostates collect it in their rounds.
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*
Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933 •
WPA (iLL) PRO] JC27b
All other Churches and various social orga^nizations have established centers for the care and relief of the poor; only our glorious Orthodoxy sleeps under the mandrake and satisfies itself with a few appeals and pompous pretensions.
And what shall we say when, as we are told, clergymen are engaging in profitable enterprises, neglecting their high calling to become real-estate dealers and stock-market manipulators, frankly admitting that they care only for the few who can pay regularly (so we are informed), and that they are indifferent to all others? That shows their mentality and their sense of duty#
But the matter which is most talked about, most scandalous, and the greatest
source of temptation among Orthodox Christians is the fact that the Diocese
here has for years kept as its secretary a former apostate, W. Alexander,
who may be a man of ability, a man in every way qualified for this position,
but who nevertheless repudiated his faith some years ago and now has returned and receives a salary!
• 5 • GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933 •
WPA (ILL.) PRO.; 3027^
We do not know how to define or to characterize this, but if it is not commercializing our holy faith, we cannot distinguish light from darkness.
And this is not all. This gentleman some time ago undertook to organize catechetical Sunday schools for children; he is considered a specialist in this field because the sect to which he adhered before his reconversion to Orthodoxy, or rather the sect to which he probably still adheres, has an excellent system of proselyting, and so he was the one to whom this task was entrusted.
But to accomplish this, he appointed young ladies to teach the children of Greek Orthodox parents the system of the sect with which he had been affiliated, and to teach them in English from the books printed for that sectl He himself devoted only five or ten minutes of the time to teaching them in Greek, and all the remaining time was applied by his instructors to teaching in English!
■"^'^••■w «• ; !•.—»• I •'
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Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933*
V^•P^ (ILL) PRO^ 302/^
This secretary has become so powerful that he directs the office-work of the Diocese here as he pleases, and he wields an intolerable influence over the Blthop, who is probably unconscious of what is really going on*
Besides these and other minor indications that the proselytizing influence of this propaganda has been steadily crawling to the very doorstep of the head of our Church, we have lately been informed that the club of girls and boys i^ich he organized some time ago in St. Demetry's Church was disbainded because this gentleman began to preach to the youth things which he wanted zo be kept secret from their parents, a rumor which our judgment of the man and of his ability leads us to discredit*
Not wishing to continue at length on this subject nor to add more details, we cannot avoid expressing our astonishment that no able Orthodox Greek among the
ifler^ or the laity could be found to fill the office of secretary of the i^ioceSe except this reconverted apostate!
• 7 -^ GREEK
Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933* v.'PA O^U PRO^'^^^"^^
Why cannot people realize the injurious effect upon this flock and upon Greek Orthodoxy in general of this gentleman's 8C€U!idalous propaganda?
Are there not Orthodox Greeks to transact the business of that office? And will not the iir?)ression prevail that in order to be promoted, one must first be an apostate to the Greek Orthodox Church?
And in conclusion, observing the various strange and paradoxical actions of the present organization of the Greek Orthodox Church here, we cannot help expressing our astonishment and asking whether the salt has not lost its savor
Ill c -»-I B 1 a
GREEK
Proodos (Progress) , Sept* 30, 1933»
REMARKS ABOUT THE MUSIC OF THE ST. OEORaS CHURCH
Every effort to modernize our ecclesiastical music is a good effort towards its progress and perfection; as, at present we endeavor to suppresa, and if possible cling to the nasal tunes of the Byzantine music*
But there are some songs and services of the mass which cannot
very well be changed, altered or replaced by modernistic exjpressions,
and some of them are the songs of the funeral services*
Attending the funeral services of the late John Gavaris, we: 'noticed that the effort to change the tune of that music vras a failure, and resulted in confusion and discord, with a strange and bad effect on the audience, like the omission of some one at the funeral.
What does the pastor of St* George have to say about it?
Ill c
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GKHSK '-'^
Proodoa (Progress), Sept, 30, 1933.
THE STRANGE CCITOUCT OF THE GRSEK P/iRIoHl^S 0? TH2 \JS3T SIDE
The readers of Proodos have doubtless read statements and perhaps have heard rumors about uniting the tv/o Greek schools on the vilest Side, those of Holy Trinity and St. Basil Churches, But even after these publications and reports the union of the two schools has not materialized, although the administrative councilrj of the two schools arrived at an agreement after prolonged negotiations.
Because we hope that reason and a spirit of conciliation will prevail, we refrain from publishing;; an account of the petty spite by which certain persons are actu- ated. V/e wish to avoid arousing any more jealousy and animosity, emotions which are out of place in the consideration of this problem of the Greek schools. To the members of the administrative councils and to all those v/ho have anything to say in promoting the general welfare we recommend that they maintain their dignity and avoid lowering themselves by adopting contemptible methods of attain- ing their ends, the deceitful devices of people too mean and worthless to direct public affairs. V/e hope that their sense of responsibility will lead them to
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Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933» 'v^>;^ (^
perform their duty and to put an end to this shameful exploitation of every- thing which- is held sacred among Greeks* Individuals v/ho in public affairs act to gratify their personal animosities or to promote their personal interests not only undermine public institutions but dig the graves of their public careers by arousing the indignation of the people • ^
Unfortunately, for the present at least, the reorganization of the Socrates >j^
School and the resuiription of its activities as a day school have been prevented p
by the personal caprices of certain people. We refrain from exposing them by ^
printing their names, although we have been authorized to do so, for we believe ^ that they are the victims of excessive zeal and of errors in judgment in their attempts to serve the public.
As for our other problem, the question as to v/hether the Church of St. Basil shall be the meeting place of the convention of clergy and laity soon to be held in Chicago, we think that the policies of certain people who took part in the meeting which discussed the matter, and the tactics used by some of them, especially by Mr. Kotakis, were inexcusable. Mr. Kbtakis is always
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Proodos (Progress), Sept. 30, 1933.
ready to filibuster and object, but when the matter of selecting a church in which to hold the convention v/as up for discussion he changed his stand and left the field to others who did not want St» Basil's to be chosen. The plan was therefore abandoned, and St. Basil's lost its opportunity to be seen and admired 'by the delegates and other visitors and to afford to them its advantage of proximity to Greek centers.
Is it possible that even in this case low personal passions influenced the actions of those who put through this scheme, by which the Greek center lost the benefits of the convention, and the Loop received them, although it had already been so much benefited by the Vforld's Fair?
At present v;e do not choose to proceed further in our discussion of this strange manner of handling the public affairs of the Greek parishes of our great Greek coraraunity in Chicago and of directing other important social and national matters. This unsatisfactory state of affairs has been achieved by individuals of dubious reputation and by tactics which were uncovered in the
Ca3
en
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Froodos (Progress) , Sept* 30, 1933.
genei^l meeting of the members of Holy Trinity Parish. This meeting was re- ported in a recent issue of Proodos.
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i^roodos (Pro^i'ess), Sept, 30, 1935.
P:iC7_i]ST 0? m. A. B. E.1GOUL..T03
llr. A. B« Pagoulatos, one o_"' the resif^ned nenbers of the board of the Holy Trinity Church, sent us a protest a2:ainst v;hat ^vas published in a fonner issue of the Proodos, concernin:;; the resigned nenbers as was stated by Ivj7. I'araflos, the president of the board
^ ♦
Vx. I'ZaraflQs said that those v/ho resigned v;ere neddlers and troubleriakers, and for this statement I.Jr. Pa^r^oulatos protests and states th -.t all those vjho resi,^ned v;ere above reproach, because all had the int^^rest of tiie co-jinunity at heart and that all, except one, v;3re serving the parish for the first time, so there are no precedents about their servin;:^ the cliurch, but all v;ere doin^ their dut^?*, as they sav/ it, for the public interest.
P. S. I.!r. Pagoulatos is novr an': has been for the last ten years, the Secretary of 5:ev9n Islands Association*
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Proodos-Procress > Sept. 30, 193o. CIIIG..GC»S SOCL^ COLUJ;
The decision of the Diocese or /archdiocese to exclude the macnif icent Church of St. Yarilios from being the place of tlie coraing convention of clergy and laity very much chagrined the parishioners. The parishioners of this church think, and very rightly too, that -ohe location of i^he church and the acconnao- dations and the coniforts found in it are unequalled by any other Greek church of Chicago, and it is more convenient than any other for the delegates of the convention, on account of its proximity to the Greeks of the ;yest Side.
CO
But if the Church in general ignored x,his magnificent edifice for its conven- cr tion, the Arcadians, as llr. ICyriakopoulos v/rites, shov/ed a practical spirit and decided to hold the convention of the Pan-Arcadians there because of the many conveniences v/hich St. Tarilios^s provides. The Arcadians are to be praised for their choice.
On another page of this iscue v;e publish a splendid and enlightening article
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Froodog-ProgiTess , Sept. 30, 1935 •
about the education of the Greeks, not only of the yoiingsters but also of the adults. ^
Vie believe that the activities of our various organizations could be made more ^^^
beneficial and enlightening if they tried by lectures and other instruction to r-
continue the education of the grownups, so keeping the fire burning for edu- ^
cation and the development of the adult Greek immigrant. o
We intend to v/rite about various foolish and siiiart exploiters who are intruding S in churches and in other organizations to show off, to exploit, or "co graft, and ^ we shall be merciless with them.
You may be sure that in the columns of Proodos you v/ill learn all about the shameful conduct of those who trade in everything held holy and sacred among Greeks — about all who have been involved or are no^jr messing around in the churches and their treasuries.
ir.xi 7. .'-?"■ .'^i'^' ..■■'*!i. >"-- »»'i-'r-'''^r "..c-»r* v.;v-^"^"'^<>, >>';'5?:'^.-.'^ "'?^/.v^ ■?*;.?? J''
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The extortioners ufao plunder the dead, who exact fares for crossing the styx, and the various exploiters of the public, such as buyers of churches at auction after bemkruptcy proceedings , and all fdiO| according to our information, partici- pate in any socicil or cosmunity racket will be reported throu^ these columns as news of interest to the public. All these plundering gangs who prey on Greek organizations must be uncovered and exposed so that everybody may know who is who*
GO
Now, when people are suffering, those lightheaded fools ought to try to take !^ care of the poor and destitute instead of inventing ways to extort money from the public.
Some time ago Mr. Constantino Paleologos Hanonas tried to organize a committee for the poor in the Logan Square Ahepa chapter, to be incorporated with other similar organisations under the name United Greek COiarities of Chicago. When such an organization is an absolute necessity to help poor starving Greeks, these various societies care only for the election of their foolish and grafting officials; What have they to say?
':fl?7''3^^T^»1!7TfT^^»^TT^^T7'^'"Pl!liMiPi^?--^ •■■"- •i'*-'^'^- ~'^- ■ ,-"•■■". -— ;- £,;■ vt*— .---■..-:%-p --.---, ■^-j-^^.-y^'-j'-— r ; -■ W^fij'jr?.;-
Gies
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I B 4 Greek Press, Sept. 28, 193S.
I C
T.'mYFf "FTJE THOUSAITO GREEKS THAT liATE ACC0LIPLI3HED
PRACTia\LLY NOTHING
(Sditorial)
The general condition of the Greek churches and parishes in America is deplorable* l.othing but complaints and fears are heard from their leaders, v/ho seem to think that our people will soon be assimilated to the point of obliteration in this country. Naturally the financial situation in the entire country had to be felt by the churches as well as by other institu- tions, llany tovms were almost depopulated, due to the lack of industry, and the Greek churches there v/ere also forced to close their doors because ri? of lack of fiinds and parishioners. Churches in small tov/ns also s\iffered, because their parishioners moved away to more active centers to seek a livelihood. The fev/ families v/hich usually remained were unable to support a church and a T)riest.
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■Hie natural result will be the same as it has been in Europe: the only communities v/hich v;ill survive — or, at least, postpone assimila- tion and obliteration — ^will be the ones located in the large cities of the nation. Therefore, all our efforts should be directed tov/ard making our ^ parishes strong and paverful, in order that they may hold us together. g The existence and maintenance of schools, churches, and other national <2i organizations in the large cities v;ill be possible as long as we unite p ourselves and hang together. ^
TO
The main problem confronting us is hovi to put into practice a system of co- ^ operative and unified effort among our various parishes. At present, they S are individually governed, and at times they seek to destroy ^ach other cJi because of jealousy or selfishness. This fact is admitted by a majority of our clerics and our leading laymen. The problem which baffles us is how to organize our beliefs and forces so that the danger v/hich threatens the future of our people v/ill not be allov/ed to persist.
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I B 4 Greek Press, Sept, 28, 1933.
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The condition of the Chicago Greek comiiiunity is in especial need of immediate attention. Our editorials have alv/ays been ivritten in a rather conservative vein, and never have been given to enthusiasms, or false and impossible aims. V/e merely have contended repeatedly that there is no justification for the lack of social unity which prevails in o\ir community. Accepting the fact that there are over twenty-five thousand Greeks in Chica-o, we have examined our record of achievement to note the accomplishments of so many thousands of people. Vie see that we have nine churches that are still open, due to the generosity of certain v/ell-to-do S^ individuals. rl
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ITot one step fonvardl A school v/orthy of the name has never been established! Our churches are mortgaged or rented buildings. Lany congregations struggle ^ along in constant fear of foreclosure. Of hospitals, orphanages, or old people's homes there has never been a thought. Tlierefore all v/e can look at are our churches and schools — such as they are. And we are forced to
t—
w^ir.--^,'%j^TKip^r i„i,?JI»H»Jl'_1l5!(lSJ«'"'''»''' ;'-tV'»*' y •' ' "•""'•?-H!*t^.'*«!W'lr '■'^ '
I A 2 a
I B 4 Greek Press, Sept, 28, 1933.
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ask: Is it impossible for tv/enty-five thousand people, v/ho pride themselves upon being Greeks, to be in a position to have one well- organized parish? ilre v;e to believe that the spirit of indifference pre- vails to the extent that vie are helpless in the face of the danger of losing oxir "national ego"? Such a conclusion is not only impossible to accept; it is also disgraceful to consider*
H
CO
7/e, toe, can achieve, if v/e oast aside our outmoded beliefs and methods and acquire the modern progressive system of planned action • . Let us limit the number of our church parishes, and then work to better the ones vie have ^ left, so that vie can be proud of them. Let us establish at least three oi Greek day schools, and insure them fine leadership and sufficient funds for the school year. 2his is the only road to racial permanency.
'^tg^pi'^'^-^''''-- ■fr^ ■^^T^7^^'*'^'y7«PP^p^•>^?T^^
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IV
Greek Press, Aug. 31, 1933.
MEKTING OF CLERICS AND LASMSN
Last Monday night a meeting was held in the Bishop's offices. In attendance ^ were the priests. Church presidents, and the community representatives, ^ Mr. James Mihalopoulos and Paul Javaras. '^
The purpose of this meeting, which was presided over by Bishop Callistos, was ^ to elect committees for the purpose of investigating certain matters to be
presented before the Clerical and Laymen's Convention which is to take place :^
October 30 • J
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Greek Press, Aug. 17, 1933*
A JUDCaiEI^
It is obvious that this modern age is a period of disagreement and of petty bickering; in fact, it has all the characteristics of a discontented, fear- ridden society..... This modern spirit is well exemplified in the condition of the Greek churches of Chicago: it is doubtful if they have taken one step forward in the forty years that have passed since the opening of the first Greek church in Chicago.
We have multiplied in numbers and have organized an active social life; but in ^ matters requiring co-operation or unity we have retrogressed rather than pro- gressed. If, in the past, we could not display any such achievements as new, beautiful church buildings, we could at least be proud of our zeal and enthusiasm in coping with all our social problems. Today, it seems that our carefully-built social structure is doomed to destruction. Vfliy? Because no one has injected a creative or progressive element into it. Meaningless structures have been
^^i^'-?.ri.-v ff ■»:>f3niWU.^^.ir.;'r^ » '' ■"'^ ** . ^«^-^^';.T'33ra5raT5E':- i.'^ J«.^fif^'- * • -^
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Greek Press > Aug. 17, 1933.
erected to satisfy our love for glory of form* But where is the spirit of our social structure?
We still reuiain little men with a thin veneer of civilization and culture. A ^ characteristic of little men is that they do not see any further than their 5 noses, and so they are incapable of creating things which pulsate with life, or 'p that adequately represent the spirit of their group. In other words, we Greeks ^ of Chicago are not being true to our heritage. V/e number at least fifty thousand, and yet our potential strength has never been used. _
CO
If we keep on this downward path, it is to be feared that all too soon our in- nj glorious epitaph will be written. The world and our people will not have been ^^ benefited by our existence and our accomplishments.
r- - ."V^^^SfjSff T3J.*\yTC '^y^^T^^^^^-y -7;«T^(**^IIL^1 P^»»W*^-*K-«*^v, y V *■«! ' -'■-
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II D 10 Proodos (Progress), Aug. 1933
GSffiEK
VfflAT IS TEE Cn^SGSMEN'S TOIION OF CHICAGO?
Before v;e express our opinion about tlie unexpected and astonishing action *
taken by the Union of the Greek Clergymen of Chicago, we consider it timely ^ to publish the announcoiient promulgated by Bishop Kallistos in the form of p
a circular letter and the announcement issued by our pastors as advice to their ^ parishioners. g
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America — Circular Letter 'A
"My beloved children I The grace of the Almighty be with you. . jjj
^It is very well knovm to all that in order to continue witliout interruption the operation of our religious institutions and to enable them to perform their functions succesr,fiaiy, it is imperative to have the complete support, both moral and material, of all who profess to be members of these institutions and rightfiaiy claim benef it.s from them.
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug. 1933«
••The financial statements of the last fiscal year of all the Greek parishes
of Chicago reveal that not one of them has met its expenses— that all are
operating with deficits. We feel that it is indispensable that all the
Greeks of our Diocese shall know this and shall realize the responsibility
?iiich every one of them bears for these conditions and the duty imposed
upon each to register as a member of the church nearest to him and pay his dues
regularly. From this obligation to register in their parishes the poor are
not ezeiqpty althou^ they have been exeiQ>ted from the x>ayinent of dues* The ^
recognition of this obligation by all and their acceptance of it by registering 3
and regularly paying their dues are the only means of securing for our churches ^
and our schools the funds necessary to preserve them and to operate them;
otherwise they will inevitably sooner or later be confronted with the necessity
of closing their doors» a disastrous event for our national and ireligious
existence here*
•7or these reasons we appeal to the devout and religious sentimeats of you
. :^X.''^-^"5^ri**i^^»^^^V^"'^W^^'^^t^' -^ "•
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug* 19S3»
all that you shall not neglect your duty to help your institutions financially if you desire them to remain open and to operate for yo\ir benefit* In case some of you disregard these urgent recommendations » this will be proof that these persons^ by refusing to register and to help^ voluntarily sever practically every tie and connection with the Church and prefer to stay outside its fold. All those who neglect to comply with these exhortations within two months from this date will lose their rig}it to be served by the Church in their religious needs except that of the Holy Communion* **An order to this effect has been £ given to the trustees and the administrative councils of the churches of the :^ Chicago district, and after two months from date they are to offer their ^ services only to those who have paid their dues. From this requirement only C the approved needy will be ezexiipt, and these must be properly registered in ^ their parishes as indigent persons. The Church adopts these measures with S great sorrow and anguish because it perceives that only the co-operation of ^ all who are interested and the contributions of all who have the means to 3 alleviate the financial distress of our institutions here will make possible their operation in the future.
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug. 19153.
»Tioping that no one will fail to perform his duty, and that our Church will not find itself in the difficult position of havinG to enforce tjie above measures, we remain with felicitations and love, "Bishop Kallistos of San Francisco,"
Pastors' Union of Chicago (An Announcement)
"Dear Brethren,
"The Pastors' Union of the City of Chicago in its desire and its efforts to effect the uninterrupted operation of our in^^titutions and to promote our spiritual life observes and recognizes that the financial problem is more iiT5)ortant than anything else in the successful accomplishiaent of this purpose,
"Our churches and schools are our national and religious centers in this country* Under their shelter we assemble in all the most iii5)ortant hours of our joys and our sorrows* From these sacred institutions we and our
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug. 1933.
children receive spiritual comfort and courage, and by means of tiiem we
preserve v/hatever we have in connnon as Qreeks and Christians that is sacred ^
and precious • :>
^Je your pastors, your spiritual leaders, hereby recorrjuend and urge that C
you all as heads of families and as individuals read this very carefully, :^
think about the purpose of its appeal to you and what it asks you to do, 2
and hasten to register as members of the uhurch which serves you, v/hich "^
you need, and to which you will sooner or later go for assistance and C^ consolation. The inexcusable indifference of man^'' of our brethren exposes our institutions and our mission to grave danger.
**As 3''our pastors who are directly responsible for the preservation of these sacred institutions, we will not allow them to incur danger of dissolution. As administrators of the authority of the Church and the nation, as guardians of your spiritual welfare, and above all as the shepherds of your youth, we will not hereafter permit neglect, indifference, and malevolence to plot
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ProodoB (Progress) 9 Aag« 1933»
against the very substance of the churches and scnools of our city, thereby withering the faith, the love, and the ideals without which Greek Orthodox Christians cannot preserve their religion.
TEherefore, our beloved, coiqply with this urgent appeal which is addressed to you by the Church through its pastors. Come and register as regular members in o\ir chxirches and schools, take an active interest in them, and demonstrate your loTe for them* Ajiy evasion or neglect on your part will result in moral and material injury to our community's life. It will also personally injure every one idio does not cosily promptly with this appeal^ which is addressed to you in your own interest •
"Confident that all you Greek brethren who constitute the Greek community of Chicago will find proper and ri^t these recommendations of your spiritual leaders, we remain with love, invoking for you the grace of the Almighty and of
i^j-i-Tr*^-'. ■
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug. 1933.
Jesus Christ our Lord,
"Eirenaeos Tsourounakos, Eustathios Georgiades, Averkios Demakopoulos, Daniel Giolenies, aiid Daniel <3ainvriles, arcliimandritea; Markos Petrakes, Constant inos Papanikolaou^ aid Niketas Kesses, priests.^'
These Are Our Comments
And now we ask our pastors, the spiritual leaders and representatives of Jesus Christ and the Greek Orthodox Church, whether they are pleased and satisfied v/ith their accomplishment when they read what they have v/ritten. Are these the shepherds whom vie might have asked to lay do\m their lives for their flocks? V/hat has the poor Greek iiimiigrant laborer to expect after this statement by God*s functionaries here? VJhat comfort, consolation, or encouragement, moral or spiritual, is he likely to receive from these guardians of the Holy Scriptures and of the cannons of Orthodoxs^? »1fhere
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug. 1933.
could one find a worse exanrple of extortion by a gang? Is it possible that institutions founded on love and charity should be preserved by threats and by insidious coercion which operates in times of calainity?
Ylhat is the difference betv/een a racketeer or a bandit with a gun in his
liand and a clergyiiian (unfortunately an Orthodox Clergyjoan) who lies in wait
to get your riioney, even thouf;h he knows that you are destitute, when one of
your near ones and dear ones lies dead, and the question arises whom you shall ^
pay, the undertaker, the cei.ietery, the institutions, or the pastor? C^
And we have the example of a bishop v/ho threatens to deny religious services to his flock and of pastors who proceed like collectors or gendarmes to get money in time of disaster, at a time when they ouglit to be organising the community to suppl3r food and shelter to the needy and the suffering among the Oreek population as the tv/o Greek apostates , so called, do in the Greek colony! i\nd the pious pastors are doing all this under the pretext of
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Proodos (Progress) , Aug. 1933 • preserving the Greek churches and schools of Chicago J
In Chicago, as we have written in another article, the strangest and Boost incredible things exist, and so we have this paradox, this threatening Union, that is to say, this gang, this racket of our clergyineni
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Greek Press. May 11, 1933.
REVEREND CONSTANTINE HARVAUS DIES
Following a few days of illness, the highly respected and much- loved Reverend Harvalis died last Simday morning* !Die news of his death has saddened the entire dreek conminity of Chicago* Although he was a recent addition to ^ the clerical group of Chicago, he was greatly loved by all the Greek Orthodox 5 of the city* <ri
His body, clothed in his finest priestly robes, was placed in St* James ^
Church* All day and all night, while he lay in state, members of the o
Orthodox clergy took turns reading the Bible and chanting over his coffin* ^
This old custom is still being practiced* S
The church nas continuously full of people who came to say a prayer for the soul of their former leader, who had interceded for them so many times in his prayers* The funeral services were held on Wednesday, and Bishop Callistos, assisted by all the priests of the Greek community, read the ceremony* The
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Greek Press. May 11, 1933.
magnificent sorrow expressed in the Byzantine funeral music cast its spell over the entire congregation and moved many people to tears*
The Bishop gave a brief resume of the life and training of the deceased. Many notables spoke a few words, and then offered wreathes in behalf of the organizations they represented**.*.
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Greek Press, l^eb. :33, 1933.
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'.JZ FIGIIT ZOR IV.RISH UIIIFIC/lTIGN
(iiiaitorial)
j]ver since the i^irst ic^ue of the Greek Press, its editors have :\T?itten articles and editorials urcinr the unific tion of the Greek churches of Ghicaco. '.'e have -nointed out the i.iany advantages of a central ^OYernlnc body. Such a board v/ould ell":iinate all the evils that are nox7 undeiY.iininG our strength.
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This belief of ours is based upon the success of the Greek churches in o
llrypt and Purkey. .*o know that .dth the passing years the need for unity ^
will r::ake itself apparent. Iherefore, v;e again seek for action in this S
direction on the part of the church governors so that it v/ill becone a c}^ fact no^7 — v/hen our race is at its zenith.
The Greek community of Chicago is heartily in agreement v;ith our suggestion.
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Greek Press, Feb. :J3, 1935.
The only e:::ceptions are the priests 'nd the ecclesiastical leaders. This division of opinion is rapidly causing trouble and anta^^onism in the community. Ilov/ever, our Bishop seems to have suddenly become av/are of the danf^ers confronting us; and some steps have been taken tov/ard our f;oal,
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7Je have been informed that the f ive-:>iember comraittee has had tv/o conferences 5 v:ith the Bishop; but, as yet, no inforniation has been '::iven to the public -ci concerning the discussions. Resentment is felt because of this unnecessary r- silence. The public has the rir:,ht to Icnoxv exactly v;hat has been said and done at these meetings. It also has a richt to knov; the naiaes of the individutils composinc the comr-iittee. '.!e knov/ that L.r. iji^imanuel Ghirinos, v:ho '.'as one of the five orif^.intilly chosen, did not accept, and that some- ^< one else v;as put in his place. This v;as done v/ithout the consent of any o^' of the churches. *.7e are av/are that "oersons iDass on, but situations and problems persist for a lone time. It is also knovm to all that persons influence situations. For this reason, also, it is necessary that vie knov; the persons v/ho are involved in this union of the church and the
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Greek Press, Feb. 25, 19o3.
conmunity.
Public opinion clamors for Icnov/ledce concerninc the plans for centralization^ The public knov/s that such an action is of lasting iriportance and should be constunnated by capable, educated, experienced individuals. Onl^;" such a ^roup can form a union :/hich v/ill safeguard the interests of both the church ^ and the community. The problem is purely'- a local one, and can be settled by -^ ourselves v/ithout assistance from the church heads, './e say this because the. * \ "oroblem does not concern the s-oiritual and reli^'-'-ious aspects of our churches; it deals merely v/ith their financial and material problems. Tlierefore, lay- men are more capable of dealing v;it2i the situation than are the clergy*
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Ref^ardless of v;ho is at the head of this movement, the cause must be furthered, j^; The public is convinced that such a move is imperative; it demands that its voice be heard in this jiattor. The comi.aunity also demands that it be kept informed on r:.rvj action that is taken, so th-^t it may form an opinion and pass judc^Tont .
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I A 1 a I H I C
Greek Press > Feb. 16, 1933
WEEKLY CHATS
By Nick John Matsoukas
p« 4«- On the shadow of the Chicago loop skyscrapers. Just a stone's throw from Goddess Demeter's super-imposed throne on La Salle Street, in the heart of Greek town, on the West side, rises a small Church spire, anachronous to the spirit of the Church edifice, "but sufficiently Christian to embody all the human qualities of early Christiandom, the days when people actually practiced Christianity and Church leaders were Just mere servauits for the good of the sheepfold.
At some time or other you all have visited the Chiirch of the Holy Trinity. Chicago Greeks may come and Chicago Greeks may go. They may rise and they may fall. They may condemn and they may praise; but their debt to that little Church on the near liTest Side will never be repaid*
The Church of the Holy Trinity is the mother Church of Chicago Greeks. It is the Church of the early settlers. The first home for Chicago's Greek Orthodoxy.
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Greek Press, Feb. 16, 1933
Immaterially how high hrcw our North siders get to be, with the coming of the years, the Church of the West side will still forecast its shadow and read their fingerprints. We all came from there.
Its school, "Socrates", thought many of us who, today, try to assert ourselves within the paralyzed tissues of the local Greek social structiire
Last Sunday this Chtirch gave a dance. The purpose was to raise money for payment of debts. Their Church stands today in a better financial position than any other Greek Church in this city. But some debts must be paid* It seems that jealousy of other directors, not all, but pri- marily those of the North Side Commxanity, made it a point to be absent in a body.
These gentlemen have, for some reason or other, taken it upon themselves to convince their meagre selves that they are somebodies and they do not have to attend any of the functions of the "low down West Siders."
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Greek Press, Feb* 16, 1933
Furthermore, they have been flattered by various types of exploiting individuals that they are progressive and so, they attend special functions at the Church of Anntinciation with tuxedos.
Poor Emily Post; and she spent a lifetime writing a book of etiquette. Poor style experts; your dictates do not include these "Giants."
Gentlemen, you may feel the way you do. You mi^t hope and cherish the notion that someday the Bishop will close the other churches so that you may flourish and pay the debts. Before you will accomplish any of yo\ir hopes and aspirations you should prove yourselves worthy Greeks and good Christians. You should attenqpt to help yo\ir brother Greeks. In body you should attend the ftinctions of other Churches. Instead you were absent in body. Do you expect then the younger generation to follow any respectable road? They, too, know the Greek proverb, "To psari apo to kefali vromal". ("The Fish smells from the head.")
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Greek Press, Feb. 16, 1933
Furthermore, they have been flattered by various types of exploiting individuals that they are progressive and so, they attend special functions at the Church of Annunciation with tuxedos*
Poor Emily Post; and she spent a lifetime writing a book of etiquette. Poor style experts; your dictates do not include these "Griants."
G-entlemen, you may feel the way you do. You mi^t hope and cherish the notion that someday the Bishop will close the other churches so that you may flourish and pay the debts. Before you will accomplish any of your hopes and aspirations you should prove yotirselves worthy Greeks and good Christians. You should attempt to help your brother Greeks. In body you should attend the functions of other Churches. Instead you were absent in body. Do you expect then the younger generation to follow any respectable road? They, too, know the Greek
proverb, "To psari apo to kefali vromal". ("The Pish smells from the head.")
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Proodos, Dec. 21, 1932.
A PITIFDL FAILURE
(Editorial)
We deeply regret that we are compelled to criticize the policies of our arch- -^ bishop; we regret it still more deeply because it is not in haimony with the ^ spirit of the holidays which we are about to celebrate* Nevertheless we shall i— not hesitate to voice our opinion of the work and the mission of Archbishop Athenagoras in America.
Prom our observations, the policies and the tactics of the archbishop since his arrival, and their effects upon our ecclesiastieal institutions, clearly Justify all the fears and the prophecies of those who, from the beginning, have criticized the methods and the policies of this high official of orthodoxy, whom we all were to accept as a messiah*
TBhat do we see now after three years of Archbishop Athenagoras* operations here? If we are to Judge him by the incident which we describe in another column,
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Proodos, Dec. 21, 1932 •
that is, by his conduct in the meeting at St. Demetry^s Church, and by the general conditions of our ecclesiastical affairs, this prelate, who has been so much advertised as the only one able to reorganize and direct our church affairs in America, is far from fulfilling the hopes and the expectations of his flock. Instead of correcting things he has made the confusion worse.
Our new director of religion, iiflio was thrust upon us with so many promises when he was sent over to reorganize and renovate orthodoxy in America, has shown himself not only incompetent to perfoim this heavy task but actually dangerous and harmful, because his attitude withers the religious sentiment of his 2 followers, if they have any religious sentiment left, and causes Orthodox Greeks oo to lose hope that anybody will ever be found capable of saving our national and [ij religious institutions. This man on whom all Hellenism based its hopes, and ^ whom it received with so many honoro, has proven after three years* trial that he does not at all measure up to our expectations, and that he does not justify the expense which Greeks have incurred on his account. In other words the Right Reverend Archbishop Athenagoras does not rise to the height of his mission.
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Proodos , Dec* 21, 1932.
the purpose of which is to reorganize and govern the Greek Orthodox church in America.
In order that we may not be vague and indefinite in our criticisms as to the ^ incapability of our new eccelesiastical chief, we will publish some well- 2^ known facts relative to his activities during the time he has been among us. --^
It is well known that the much-advertised assembly of clergymen and lay repre- -o sentatives, under the influence of tliis leader, adopted the new church constitu- o tion in the last minutes of its session. VJhat is the result of this assembly's '^ work? The total paralysis of our church organization is the result, a condition S worse than its former state of discord and dissension • Why? Mainly, in our ^ opinion, on account of the inability of the chief to decide impartially and definitely the various problems presented to him. This same assembly created a mixed council of clergy and laity, to which was entrusted the management of the property of the archdiocese. '^Vhat happened to this mixed council?
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Proodos, Dec. 21, 1932.
A letter, published in these columns some time ago, from Mr. Canoutas to the board of trustees of the church, threw light on the policies and the tactics of the new leader of the Greek Orthodox Church in America. The lack of real administrative ability, the application of dictatorial methods, the reach- ing of decisions in secret, many of them so ridiculous that they have had to be reversed in a short time — these things have resulted in loss of confidence ^ in the Archbishop's judgiaents. Nobody knows what may be done in important matters, :~ and nobody has any more confidence in him. Appointments and transfers of priests, ^ in spite of threats and fines, have been disregarded because of the unstable character of the archbishop. Lack of confidence in him and lack of respect for
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him have resulted in acts of disobedience. .^
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Another sad result of the inherent incapability of our new administrator is that in New York and elsewhere many churches, like the priests, do not pay any attention to this chief of ours. They have lost faith in him and are so badly disappointed in his policies and his tactics that they prefer to be apostates rather than to submit to him*
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F2X)odos, Dec, 21, 1932.
V/e do not know what is going on in the lobbies and in different departments of the church because of the despotic attitude of our archbishop* The only thing which can be observed is that a clique of flatterers is directing the performance from the wings, and that the government of the church suffers greatly through the influence of these courtesans.
For all these reasons the administration of our nev; chief is a pitiful failure. In our opinion further direction of affairs by Archbishop Athenagoras, and his continued residence here, will be disastrous for Hellenism and orthodoxy; there- fore, we humbly suggest that this learned, versatile, affable, and riipressive ^ chief of ours take the road back to his native land, retiring as an incompetent leader from activities v/hich have been detrimental to the progress of liellenism in America.
Prop do s , as we said in the beginning, regrets that it has been obliged to change its policy in religious matters, but in the face of facts and information received concerning the policies of our leader -ilrchbishop Athenagoras and the clique
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Prop do 3. Dec. 21, 1932.
around him we find ourselves in the difficult position of having to chaiige our vows and our attitude. But we are convinced that the longer our Archbishop remains the worse the results will be for Hellenism, orthodoxy, and the Chris- ^ tian faith of the Greeks in America. ^^
On this subject the columns of Proodos are open for free discussion, and we will P publish opinions and information in a sincere endeavor to help in the reorganiza- ^^ tion of our church. V/e wish to publish a true account of things, as well as g sincere opinions expressed in dignified style on this, the most vital problem of Hellenism in America, the matter of the government and the reorganization of the Greek Orthodox church.
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Proodos (Progress), Oct. 26, 1932*
OUR CHDRCH
yVhat Is V^rong //ith The Archdiocese And The Mixed Board of
Trustees?
A Revealing Letter by Mr. S. Kanoutas
New York, Oct. 7, 1932.
To The Honorable Boards of Trustees of the Greek Communities of America.
Gentlemen :
I, the imdersigned, having been elected by the Fourth General Assembly as a member of the Mixed Board of Trustees of the Greek Archdiocese of North and South America, and having accepted this elected trust with the sincere desire said intention of performing my duties conscientiously and faithfully, consider it my duty and obligation to report to you, with regret and bitter disappointment, the following:
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Proodos (Progress), Oct. 26, 1932.
First, that although it is almost a year now since the election of the S Mixed Board of Trustees took place, this body has not as yet been installed ^^^ officially in its duties, nor has the property of the organization been de- livered over to it, except for a small amount of cash delivered by the ,^'\ former treasurer to the new one. /^ u/
Second, that in compliance with, ray duties, I repeatedly pointed out to the Archbishop as president, both verbally and in writing, that it was the obligation of the new Mixed Board of Trustees to take over the property of the organization, including receipts and minutes of the meetings of previous boards, titles, contracts, money, and all documents of the organization, so that they might get acquainted with the condition of the organization, its property rights and social obligations and be able to apply a proper economic system suited to present co^^ditions and the critical circumstances we are going through, but he paid no attention to my suggestions.
jThird, that to my conception although the Board of Trustees, according
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Eroodos (Progress), Oct* 2 5, 1932. ^
o to law, is responsible for handling the affairs of the Archdiocese, it is [^ ignored almost entirely by the Archbishop in all important problems of the ro organization, and it is only a formality, not the governing body the com- ^ munity think it is. For these reasons Ii!Ir. Eliaskos, a member, has resigned and I myself am thinking of resigning so that I v/ill not have such respon- sibilities any longer.
Fourth, that, and this is more specific: (a) The Board of Trustees does not receive any monthly report, nor has it any knowledge of the con- dition or the expenses of the organizcition, as Article 18 of its rules specifies, and it has not received any such report in at least two or three months; (b) The bills to be paid are not submitted to the Board for ex- amination and approval, as Articles 6 and 19 specify; (c) The Board of Trustees does not handle 'the whole property, real and personal, • of the Archdiocese, nor * inspects and examines the government and administration of the estates of the monasteries, philanthropic institutions, etc.,' as
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Proodos (Progress), Oct. 26, 1932.
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or:
paragraphs a, b, e, and f of Article 10 of the rules specify, nor was it ever given the opportunity to ascertain with exactness the condition or ^ financial status of the organization, so that it could put them in order ^ - on decrease expenses, as paragraphs g, h, j, f, and k, of Article 10 ^ specify, and also the latter part of Article 15; (d) The minutes of the ?- formal meetings of the Board for unimportant matters are kept by the ac- co\mtant, read by the Archbishop, and later copied in a book kept by the Archbishop, which book has never been touched by the secretary or einy of the other members of the Board; up to this day they have not even been signed, as Articles 4 and 6 specify, so there are no valid minutes, and the decisions of the Board, if any, usually are not e;cecuted.
Fifth, that the Mixed Council, or Board of Trustees, v/as never noti- fied about the hiring and firing of the personnel of the Archdiocese, as Article 10 specifies; in consequence, the Board does not know any more than you do of what is going on there in the Archdiocese. There was never any discussion about or serious consideration of the orphans and the poor,
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Proodos (Progress), Oct. 26, 1932.
although it is v/ritten dov/n on the rules concerning the rules of the 2 Board (Article 10, Par. e) thit »it is the duty of the Board to super- 3. vise the philanthropic societies, etc.* rj
Sixth, thdt various encyclical letters of the Archdiocese to the o coimnunities and the priests, or published in the press, never were sub- ^ mitted to the Board, and they unfortunately contain inaccuracies and S contradictions on matters never decided or approved by the Board, as well as unprepared and exaggerated statements impossible of performance, as for example, the subject of contributions, or the statement of getting together all the Greek orphans three years old or over and sending them to an orphanage which does not exist; also about a committee of Laivyers; about a decision to buy a new building; about cutting down the salaries . • of the personnel, etc.
Seventh, that in general, this organization (a corporation) is governed in a peculiar dud singular way, not in conformity with either the
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Froodos (Progress), Oct, 25, 1932.
laws of the State of its oxvn constitution, but by one individual, the Archbishop, who in spite of his v^ood intentions is not well familiarized with everything that goes on, on account of his many trips and his in- sufficient knowledge of the lav;s, customs and conditions. Consequently, he makes mistakes and contradictory statements that reflect upon the whole Board, which as I said before, has no knowledge of his actions, his promises, or expenses.
-Eighth, that because of this lack of system, order and sincere cooperation, the v/hole service is crippled, and financial conditions of the organization is in a state of chaos, no matter hov; nuch money be collected. The building of the Archdiocese is mortgaged for double its value. Various suits against the organization, the largest of which is that of former Bishop Philaretos of Chicago, for $19,000, never were discussed or examined. No thought was siven or suggestion made for their pajrment or to cut them down. This terrible financial condition of the organization, as I learned unofficially, is admitted by the Archbishop
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Froodos (Prosress), Oct. 26, 1932.
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himself in a letter sent to the communities three or four months ago, ^ undersigned by him, the secretary, and the treasurer. S
Ninth, that from the above and other indications, which I cannot ^
report in this open letter, I am convinced that the Archbishop does not want to cooperate with advisers who have an independent opinion. Not- withstemding his official and open declaration at the General Assembly last year that he would not accept to rule as a dictator even if it were offered to him, the fact is that he now is ruling as one v/ith private counsels who are ignorant or seek personal profits. As a result if he ever pays attention to the rules it is to interpret them as he likes.
I thought. Honorable Presidents and members of the Board, that I would fail in my duty and obligation if I did not report to you the above men- tioned facts. I know that in reporting these facts I am probably dis- pleasing many, even ray ovvH friends, but I thought of my responsibilities before you and before the law, if I were to keep silent forever.
•Tr--
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Proodos (Progress), Oct. 26, 1932.
Finally, I wish to declare that I am not in favor or against the dictatorial system, as it Is the right and privilege of the Greek com- munity to decide on the system they prefer.
If it is good, beneficial and not in violation of the laws of the country to adopt a dictatorial system, if the various communities want it, if the Archbishop desires to accept all alone such responsibility, I think that inust be declared openly and sincerely. In thxt case then the organization now in existence since 1921 must be disolved. The religious corporation now under the name Greek Archdiocese of North and South .iimerica, incorporated, which according to the law must be governed by a responsible Board of Trustees, must cease to exist officially and the Board also, instead of being in existence only as a formality, but bearing full responsibility for whatever its president does.
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I remain
Respectfully yours, S. A* Kanoutas
Ill c Iw
Proodos (?rop:re3s), Oct. 26, 1933.
GdlllilAL LZSETH^G OF THE LSOjIHS OF HOLY TRINITY GlIUROK
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On October 16, a week ago last Sunday, the nerabers of the oldest G-reek Ciurc:i of Chicago, Holy Trinity, held a general Lieeting in the hall of the G-reek school to discuss the recently formulated constitution of the G-reek Archdiocese and to elect a coi.i.iittee of supervisors for the parish elections.
In discu.ssin -; the subject of the constitution of the Archdiocese the v/hole body agreed to the recorrjr.endations of the special co:rr.ittee previously appointed to exaiiiine the said constitution.
The recoirjinendation vjas , to postpone the adoption of the said constitr.tion, until after the Meeting of the assembly of the representatives of the laity and the clergy, to be held in Chicago the following year.
After a long discussion of the coininittee's report on revision of the
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Proodos (Progress), Oct* 26, 1932#
constitution of the commiuiity parish, the whole body of the members adopted the report and the reserved recommendations of the committee that in revising the constitution care must be taken not to copy that of the Archdiocese in anyway*
After the necessary voting to revise the constitution of the conmunity and the postponement of the adoption of that of the archdiocese after the Assembly meeting, the following year, the members of the congregation adopted a resolution to recognize the Archbishop as the head of the church, and to contribute annually a proper sum for the support of the Archdiocese*
In discussing the subject of elections, someone arose and mentioned coalitions at the elections; Mr* Geo* Loumos objected and termed this a devilish scheme* The president, Mr* N* Palyvos, not \inder standing the meaning of the expression arose to admonish Mr* Loumos, so giving way to a series of exciting scenes that followedf *
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Proodos (Progress), Oct» 26, 1932.
Mr. Kominakis moved that certain members be appointed as a supervisor's
committee for the elections and quite a wrangle followed as to why this gentleman should insist in picking the committee.
After this incident tir. Kbkines asked to have the minutes of the previous general meeting read when it was decided to have the Auditing Committee give its report because the treasurer was absent.
Mr. ZacharisLS Baldas, a member of that committee speaking for it, declared
that everything was in good order and that the parish owes at all times some money to the treasurer as he always pays the bills of the parish out of his own money due to lack of money on the part of the community to meet its obligations.
Then Mr. Kbkines inquired if the parish has a bank account, and also hov/ it pays its bills. To this Mr. Baldas replied, that the parish has no bank account and that the payments are done by personal checks of the treasurer, because there are many Judgments against the coraraunity and if
judgment holders find community funds, they will be attached.
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On hearing these remarks, the president, Mr» N* Palyvos who got wild because this deplorable condition of the conmiTinity was revealed, arose and protested to the meeting for these absurd questions of ¥x. Kokines and said if that condition exists today it is Mr* Kokines himself who is responsible, for as president of the community he squandered about $30,000 to buy the church of St* Nicholas and the Cemetery, leaving the treasury emptyand not even paying the personnel of the church, leaving his successor in this present predicament* Addressing Mr* Kokines, he s€d.d, '^we, Mr* Kokines, tried to cover you up, and did not want to reveal your doings, and now you come here and ask questions to make trouble*" To this Mr* Kokines replied, "If you gentlemen, thought it was advisable to cover me up, that is no reason for me to cover you up*"
I'lr* Komlnakis made a motion to expel Mr* Kokines from the membership of the parish as an embezzler, to which Mr* Kokines replied by making
GRS3K - 5 - Proodos (Progress ) , Oct . 26, 1932«
a motion to audit the books and find out the real embezzlers •
Mr. Loumos moved to terminate this discussion and set aside Mr* Kominakis* motion, because he had already brought embezzlement charges against l!r« Kokines through court action* Llr# Kokines v/as exonerated at the trial because the books and the accounts were found to be in perfect order, which showed that this motion of Mr* Kominakis was untimely and injurious*
Mr* Spiros Kotakis anending the former motion, said that he favored the expulsion of Mr* Kokines as a troublemaker who is alv/ays working against the interests of the community, thus insisting on an expulsion*
Then Mr* Panteles Rhangos arose, and instead of speaking on the subject he addressed Mr* Kotakis thus: "^Vhen I take the floor, I do not allow anybody to make faces at me*" L!r* Kotakis arose with threatening intentions and when Mr. Rhangos stepped forward towards the latter ready for a combat, the ones nearby hastened to grab them both and a fight between them was prevented*
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Proodos (Progress) , Oct* 26, 1932.
The yoiing lavyer, Mr. Dem. Papis, took the floor and explcdned that this meeting cannot expel any member nor discuss such a thing, because it Is against the constitution. In order to do that, certain formalities are required firsts
Mr. Kotakis with all his oratory, was unable to eradicate the deep im- pression of the clear arguments of the young lawyer upon the members and when Mr« Kokines said that somebody must undertake the responsibilities of such a motion, Mr« Komiiiakis withdrew his motion at the request of Dr« Greo« Karaflos«
After this, a motion was passed to have the books audited from 1922 to the present time, and this was adopted unanimously*
A characteristic episode was created when Mr, Basil Georgoules arose dxiring the controversy of Palyvos-Kotakis-Kokines, and accuBed the
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GR3EK
president, Mr« Palyvos, of incompetency, as unable to conduct a meeting, and of no ability to hold office of the president, which he debases with his evident inability to direct the meeting by himself as he had to depend on those aroxind him*
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Froodos- (Progress) , Sept. 14, 1932.
WY SO MANY DISTURBANCES IN THE GREEK RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS?
Although the Greek community of Detroit cannot be considered as an example for judging the existing conditions in the Greek religious institutions, nevertheless, the fact that in a month's time the members of two churches closed the doors of the institutions in the face of a priest, and forbade him to enter and perform Mass, is an indication of the existing conditions in our churches and commimities.
It is not only that, but in two general meetings of the two parishes in Detroit, the priest, not only was called down, but in both of them disrespectful remarks were uttered against the head of the Greek religious institutions in America, the Archbishop, Even though the Greek community of Detroit holds the record for ecclesiastical and community disturbances and discord, we think that these horrible and unbecoming acts toward the discipline of the church could have .been avoided had the priests used careful tactics.
In the short time of three weeks, Rev. Alex Papastephanou was expelled from two churches through the locking of the doors by the members of the
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Proodos-( Progress) , Sept. 14, 1932.
GRS2K
churches, because they disliked his vulgar manners, Vw^ays of expression, and general treatment of the parishioners.
Reverend Papastephanou, a former resident of Chicago, and very well-knovm here, was dismissed by the church of the 3ast Side for economic reasons, but the priest disregarded the decision, and v/ent to the church on Sunday, held Mass and took collections. On the following Sunday, the members v/ent to church and stood as guards to prevent the entrance of the priest to the church. (Look at the level Orthodoxy has fallen!)
After his dismissal from one church. Reverend Papastephanou was sent, appointed, or ordered, nobody knows V7hich, to hold Masses in the other Church on the V7est Side.^ VJlien this became known, the members locked the door, and the women who gataered there to prevent his entrance, forbade him to enter, even though he was accompanied by officers of the law for support. Did you ever hear of a priest going to his Mass escorted by policemen, and being locked out of the church by action of women? And tais is what happened in Detroit, on September 11, at the
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Proodos-( Progress) . Sept. 14, 1932,
I
Church of Saints Constant ine and Helene.
It is a well-known fact that the Greek coinmunity of Detroit presents the unique phenomenon of swindling and plundering of the church and community revenues by those who have stuck to the church as its officials for years, and who do not hesitate to exploit everything holy and sacred. But the attention and importance given to them by the officials of the church is the cause that brought on this condition.
It is a pity that a gang of exploiters of our religious sentiments for their personal profit, for years have now stuck to the church of the West Side and v/ho by various .promises, convinced Reverend Tsapatsaris to disobey the orders of the Archbishop, and be idle now» But it is equally pitiful that the same confidence was placed in a similar gang that has stuck to the central church, Evangelismos.
V/ith these two acts in the two Parishes of Detroit, v/e have the open reaction against the head of our church,- the Archdiocese. Probably, this may have been the result of the resistance against the Arch- bishop* s represent£.tive tTiere, who was fooled by the gang of exploiters,
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Pro odos-( Progress) > Sept. 14, 1932.
who have stuck for many years to the central community, and do not differ from those of the East or West side^ But where do we go?
We are very sorry to publish such a report which we did not expect to take place, especially now, since the reorganization of the Greek Orthodox Church in America. Let us hope that all these differences will be ironed out in a Christian spirit of charity and appreciation, and that vie shall npt have a recurrence of such scenes as those re- ported here. All this will be corrected when the clergymen learn - to conduct themselves as clergymen, and not as policemen, and xvhen the communities expel from their boards, all those that have previously done some dirty v/ork^ And, unfortunately, most of the old timers have done in someway, sometime, some dirty v/orki
; . m.
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Rpoodoa- (Progress), Aug. 3, 1932.
PICNIC AT PDIIMAN
On last Sunday, the Greek oommunity of Fullmany held Its annual picnic at the beautiful park where they usually hold all their picnics •
Among the many who spent an enjoyable day on this outing v;ere the priests of the community, Rev« Arsenics Palicares, and Rev» George Sakelariou, the family of Doctor Andrew Petrakos, Doctor Baxevanes, Doctor Zeff , Ufr. and Mrs. Pof antes, Mr» George Klouras, Mr. George Drossos, Mr. K. Antonopoulos , from Gary, Indiana, Mr* George Giannopoulos with his wife Maria, who did not bring enoxigh Dolmades to satisfy all of the company, Mr« Megaris, Mr« Bourmas, Mr« Kolovos and many others*
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Proodoe (Prograes)^ July 27, 1932 • THE CONSTITUTION OF THE CHURCH BRINGS PEACE
(Editorial)
s^PAO^wntCJ. 30275
P. 1«— It is about a year since the new constitution of the Greek Orthodox Church in America was drawn up and ratified by the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This constitution has now been printed cmd sent bakk to the Greek e<»mmuiitie8 to be put in effect.
By applying this new conetitution we shall end the chaotic condition of the Greek Orthodox Church in America, which was created by the dissension of political factions in the churches.
Ihese factions turned religious organixations ifttH battlefields of political antagoni«ji«
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III H
Proodoe. (Progress). July 27, 1932. y^'PA (iLL.) PRCJ
•A-U.
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The new constitution has been mado as nearly perfect as possible in its detcdJLs cmd in its regulation of the various activities of the Church. It provides the first sound and stable iMtsis for this venerable institution and guarantees a united, well-governed, and well-disciplined Greek Qrthodes Church. It is hoped that the constitution will be the shining lighthouse of wbich the beam will save us from religious shipwreck*
The adoption of this new constiifition by every Greek community and by the Greek Orthodox Church will teviaate that anarchy which has now prevailed for years t and which has been eipikited by every profit-seeker*
Ihe Rig^t Reverend Archbishop AUMmagoras the task has been assigned of applying this new constitution. Archbishop Athenagoras, in the short time of his admin- istration here, has shown ability, tolerance, and charity worthy of the confidence €uid trust irtiich the Hellenism of America, has placed in him*
ULS. «• 3 •» GREEK III H
Proodog. (Profyss). July 27, 1932. y^p^ ^j^r ^ pp
^^^/:>
ThB comnunities one after another are meeting and adopting this new fundamental law which was worked out aliaoet to perfection by the Church's representatives in the assembly of the clergy and the laity to fit the unique conditions of the Orthodox Church in fcerica. All that the communities have to do is to ratify formally the constitution drawn up by their own representatives.
It is about time to end partisanship and discord in Creech churches and to
surrender the government of the Church to those who are entitled to govern it
the clergy. Too much meddling of the laity in church affairs is what caused the recent disorders in the Churoh. Now let us allow the clergy to govern the Church and see whether they will measure up to their task euid take good care of their flocks!
The adoption of this new constitution^ besides curbing the interference of the laity in church affairs, will concentrate the govemmsnt of the Church in one leader who will be responsible for his acts to the Ib^tion, the Church, and to history, cmd we are sure that no one will dare to put any obstacles in the way
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Proodo». (Protg'«8»)t July 27, 1932.
ViPA (111-) ^''•'-
J i ^'
of 8uch a leader •
The time has come for the Greeks and the Orthodoxy of America to take thought of what impression they make on their enrironment and to prove that the race and the language which received Christianity and spread it all over the former world of barbarians are still the salt of the earth » and that they can again make practical application of the ideals, and the hi{^ teachings of Christianity of its virtues and its principles, in this country at the present time*
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Proodos (Progress) « July 20, 1932.
CHOIR SOCIETY FOUNDED
GREEK
m (lit) p^-' ''"^
p«3— ^OBMtlme ago the choirs of the Greek churches of Chicago held a meeting and decided to form a society of their own in order to improve religious mu- sic and to develop a better understanding among themselves*
In this noble movement the Greek community » we cure sure 9 will support the choirs 9 for the public holds them in h±^ esteem*
f
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Proodos (Progr»8» ) ^ li&roh 27, 1932 #
WEEK %
5..
NBffS FRGU THE OFFICE OF THE GREEK DIOCESE OF CHICAGO. ^
»-.„-
00 '^^
p,2«->-^ine6 his arriTal in Chicago the Ri^t Reverend Bishop KBtllietos, ^ formerly Bishop of San Franeisco, has established the office of the diocese here and has given his attention to the most iinportant matters.
Bishop Kallistos first studied the financial condition of the communities of Chicago and tlum formed a plan for their reorganization, the final success of which he hat made dependent on the councils of the churches*
Besides this work Bishop Kallistos has received the consittees of various organizations and cooperated with them. He has also visited the communities of Hegewisch and East St. Louis in Illinois and Mason City, Iowa, where he held masses and preached and gave advice for the improvement of the comounities.
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ProodostCProtoress) March 27, 1932.
Bishop Kalllstos on the 10th of Ifairch wont to New York emd had a conference with Archbishop ithenagoras. On Trldajf liarch 18, the Bishop celebrated masses in the church of St« Nickolas and preached there. He has also visited and preached in other Greek churches of Chicago*
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I B 4 Proodoe (Progress), Mar. 27, 1932»
17 — — ^ ^
6R£EK
THE GBRAND VESPERS IN CHICAGO.
p« !•— ^It is a pleasant surprise for one who has been absent from the large cities of Greece for a long time to attend the inopressive ceremony and tear the liturgy of grand vespers in Chicago, celebrated by a bishop assisted by BRny priests. It brings back pleasant memories of the good old days and of the times when Orthodoxy exerted its influence all over the Christian world with its magnificent ceremonies*
This was one of the occasions which brings together large crowds of Greeks of Chicago and its vicinity,-- the celebration of the Annunciation of the Virgin.
The ecurly arrival of some of the faithful at Evangelismos Church, mostly women, reminded one of a mass in Passion week, when Greeks usually crowd their churches.
II3L£ - 2 • GREEK
I B 4
Proodoe (Progress), Mar* 27, 1932*
The magnificence of the Ri^t Reverend Bishop Kallistos, followed by the eight priests of the other eig^t Greek churches of Chicago, among them the Reverend Fathers Marlou Petrake, Daniel Gamvrile, Const. Papanicolaou, Dion. Sakelariou, Averkios Demakopoulos , and Constas. H. Demetry, added to the effect of the iaqpressive religious ceremony.
Beautiful sacred music, a mixture of old Byxantine and modernistic European sung by the church choir directed by Ur. J. Papageorge cmd led by Uessrs. John Xeros, Theo. Spyrcpoulos, and Geo. Demopoulos, experienced singers of By«antine chcmts, lent a unique charm to the ceremony for those whose ears were attentive to the canticles*
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Qroodos (Progress), Mar. 27, 1932.
The mlodious **l8akou0<m liou Kyrie," (Lord, hear ■•{) vae eplandidly sung by the choir, and the ^'Ghaite Nyiqdie Anynpheute'* (Hail, Virgin Bride!) as weU as the "^ousioi Iptoeheusan Kai Epinasan** (And the Rich Are Turned Empty AMmy)f were perfectly rendered in Byxantine music with variations which gave the inpression of an oriental celebration*
The timely preaching of the Bishop, the impressive and magnificent ceremony, and the large crowd showed the difference in such celebrations between large and small centers of population and the influence of Greek Orthodoxy in com- parison with other denominations.
After the vespers the Bishop, the priests, and all the mentbers of the councils of the other churches were invited to the hall in the basement of the church, where a light supper was served*
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FroodQg (Progresa), Ifcur. 27, 1932. y/pA (Hi ) prQj 3C2?b ▲ NBV 80CIITY OF YOUNS FEOPI£ AT ST. DDOSTRY'S CHURCH*
p.2«— Oil last Wednesday Mr* Alexander i the secretary of the Diocese of Chicago t after some preparatory work among the parishioners, invited the boys and girls of the parish of St* Demetry with their parents to the hall of the church and • formed a new organization of the youth between the ages of sixteen and twenty* two.
Ihe prevalent spirit of mysticism was manifested even in this new society, for the only thing that Ur, Alexander gave out for publication was the pass-word, **Tuesday a date!** That was all« More about this later*
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greek Press, March 17, 1932.
ANNUNCIATION
p. 5«- On Thursday evening, March 24th, Bishop Callistos will officiate in a special service at Annunciation Church. All the local priests of Chicago will also take part* The Greeks of Chicago are invited to attend* Service will start at 7 P# M# and will last for over an hour.
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The Greek Press:. Mar. 17, 1932.
REEK
ST. AKDRSlV'S DANCE
The deince given last Thursday by the Ladies' Society of St* Andrews was a hu^:e suc- cess. It took place in the hall of St- Andrews. A ten-piece orchestra played for the dancers. Due to the untiring efforts of tae committee a good time was had by all.
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The Greek Press, Mar. 17» 1932*
ST* ItUixOL^S
GREiiiK
Members of the St# Nicholas South Side Church are informed that on Friday, March 18, at 7;00 P#M.f Bishop Callistos will officiate at the "Heretisraoi Tis Pana^ias,»»
Ill C GREEK
WPA (ill.) FROJ. 30275
Greek Press, March 17 » 19o2.
ST* ANDREWS
p. 4.- Starting this coming Friday* St. Andrews Church will hold the special mass of Heretismoi lis iheotokou every Friday until one week before Easter.
Mass will start promptly at 7 ?• M« All North Siders should be present at such an important service.
G-BEiEK
III C I A 2 a
The Greek Press, March 3, 1932
1
ST. JAMXS CHURCH
pe 4*«- Last Stmday's mass at St. James Church is not one that will be easily forgotten by those present* On this day the famous Xikon of St* Spiridon was dedicated to the church* Pupils of the school under Mrs. Contos* the teacher, recited various poems*
The priest of the church spoke on the life of St. Spiridon and two youth* ful students said the "Pater Imon" and the "Pisteyo" (I believe)* The choir sang two Byzantine hymns under the leadership of N. Tombrak* The Ilkon was donated to the church by P* Orologas of the Pheonix Candy Shop on Halsted street.
( Summary)
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The Greak Press, Teb« 25, 1932
THE CHURCH QUESTION
p. !•-> Last Tuesday, the meeting of the Bishop and the Greek professionals was held* Althou^ nothing definite has been disclosed, eyerybody appeared satisfied and It Is rumored that many excellent suggestions were submitted* We are sure that all Is not hopeless when the Greeks unite to save our churches*
( Summary)
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OBSBE
The Greek Pra8>> Feb. 25, 1932
ST. JAMZS CHURCH
p* 4«- On Sunday, February 2l8t, a special mass ivas said at St. James Church. P. Orologas, of the Phoenix Candy Shop donated a huge Xikon of St. Spiridon to the church. Oreeks from all over the city were present at the Liturgy.
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The Greek Preae, Pel). 18, 1932
OUR CHURCHES
p* 2«* Well aware of oiir Journalistic duties, and o\ir great respect and love for our countrymen, we are once again px^ooxpted to bring up this church matter* For thirty-two months the Oreek Press has been trying to make a better future for the Greek people of America and for their children. Raising a 8C6uidal or indignant response by this article we are now writing is the farthest thing from our minds.
From ffloch study and observation we feel that we know quite a bit about this church matter and are in a position to speak our minds. We are not speaking against any individual or any group of individuals. We are thinkl|ig of Hellenism in Chicago as a whole* We want to add our advice and suggestions, because we feel that the problem has gotten beyondthe few who have tried to solve it*
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II B 2 d (1)
The greek Press, Feb. 18, 1932
The Greeks in Chicago are free to go their own way, doing as they please, xinder obligation to no one; hut there comes a crisis when they xmist "stick'' together. Such a crisis is before us now. Nothing can be done without the wholehearted support of every Greek in the city. The chtxrch plays an important j>art in everyone's life and must not be taken lightly.
It is known to all, that for the last three years some of our churches have been on the brink of closing, and we have done nothing about it. What can we do? They say it is a great crime and a great shame if we are forced to close our churches. But how C6Ln we prevent this? The Bishop's plans have not worked. They have helped, but we still have a debt of $475,000. The presidents of the churches are on the verge of despair; the priests are afraid to lose their Jobs; the people, their religion. All is chaosl And the solution is so simple. Why not close two or three of the churches smd concentrate on saving the others? It can easily be done. It is better to have a few strong churches than none at all* We can afford to keep all o\ir priests, but not all our churches. Think over this suggestion stnd act upon it sooh«
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The Greek Press t Feb, 18, 1932
THE CHURCH QPHSTION
p* 5*- His Holiness, Bishop Calllstost In his endeavor to solve the chux^ch problem, is calling a meeting of all professional Greeks* This meeting will take place Tuesday, Febnoary 23, 8 o* clock at the Sherman Hotel* All professional men are invited to hear the plans of Bishop Callistos*
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The Greek Press, Feb. 11. 1932
ST. OEORGE
p* 1«- Bishop Callistos will say special inass on Simday at St. G^eorge Church. Archreverend G-olerais and other priests will be there. All members of the parish as well as other Greeks should be present on this xDomentous occasion.
As the new rules are now in effect, church will end promptly at 12 o'clock*
UBdMBii^^dl
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The Greek Presr>, Feb. 4, 1932
CHURCH qUESTION
p. 3.- The officers of Anniinciation and St. James churches, Eev. Kesses, P. Sikokis, A. Peponis, J. Broxm, and P. Trougas have gathered another $383.00 to make a total of $2,100 to go towards saving these institutions.
All members of the two churches and many other Greeks are doing all in their power to avert another possible crisis.
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The Greek Press, Feb. 4, 1932
Archbishopric 19 S. La Salle Room 919
ANNOUNCMMT
p. 6.- Last Wednesday. February 3, an important meeting of the priests and presidents of all the Greek churches in Chicago was held. Bishop Callistos presided. The following rules and regulations were passed:
1- The annual dues to the churches will be $10 in advance, $12 in install- ment 3 •
2- Prices will be fixed as follows: baptism, $15; weddings. $40; funerals, $25, and commemorations, $15,
3- On Sundays mass will be said from 9 to 12. In the sunmer months it is to be changed to 8:30 to 11:30.
4- The Zyrigma of the church will only last 20 minutes.
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The Greek Press. F^b. 4, 1932
ST. ANDREWS
p. 5.- At St. Andrew's Chxirch the women are giving an afternoon affair on Wednesday, Febniary 10. Many Greek ladies are always present at these entertainments. A musical program has been arranged and a good time is sure to be enjoyed by all.
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The Greek Press, Feb. 4, 1932
HOLY TRINITY CHUHCH
p. 5.- Since the usual general meetin^^ was not held on Januar^^ 24th, the members of Holy Trinity Church are asked to meet at Socrates school, 742 Sibley St., on February 14, 1932. Finances and the progress of the school will be discussed.
N. Palivos President.
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The greek Press, Jan. 29, 1932
ST- A^rDRr;/S CHURCH
p. 3.- As all Greeks know, Saturday, Jan- 30th is the holiday of the Three-Hierarchs, who are Basil the Great, Gregory the Divine, and John the Golden-voiced. As in all other Greek churches, special mass will be held at 10:00 A.M. in St. Andrew Church.
Archrev. Tsourounakis of this church will give a lecture on Sunday evening in connection with this holiday. His theme will be "Greek Letters and the Three Heirarchs.'* It will be very interesting and many should be present*
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The Greek Press, Jan. 29, 1932
THE CHURCH CRISIS
p. 5.- After p. final threat from receivers that the tv/o churches of Annunciation and St. James will close immediately unless "oaid for, the officers got together and held a meeting :.it Solon school. Bishop Callistos was "oresent.
Various plans for raising the nessary money were discussed. By donations and other means $1,555.00 were raised and the churches are once more saved. They are not out of danger yet, but are safe at the present tiae. Another sum of $503,000 has Just been added to the first amount.
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GICE'^'
The Oreek Press, Jan. 29. 1932
ELECTIONS
p. 1.- Last Sunday, at Solon School, 2727 V/inona St., elections of officers of St. James and Annunciation churches were held.
'3-reat interest was shown in the selection of officers due to the economic crisis the churches are going through.
The voters were wise and careful in their selection of officers and only the best have been elected. Theseraen are as follows:
John Alex, George Aliferis, John Asko^inis, I.:. Zookides, P. Daulantes, P. Karambelas, J. Kouracos, George Coorlas, T. Coorlas, J. Lirabero- poulos, ?. I.latsoul-zas, N. Ivlantis, ?:. Paleologos, A. Peponis, N. Prokos, J. Haklios, P. Sikokis, and P. Trougas.
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GREEK
The . Greek Fres s » Jan. 29, 1932
!iCTHERS CLUB OF HCLY TRINITY CHURCH
p. 2.- On Siinday, Janiiary 31, the holiday of the Three Hierarchs special mass, will be said at Holy Trinity Chiirch. Bishop Callistos will be present.
In the evening of the same day, the I.'o therms club of the church and the Socretes school is giving a dance at 742 Sibley Street. At that time a Greek T)rogram will be presented by the pupils of Socrates school. A whole turnout of West Siders is predicted as well as many Greeks from other parts of the city.
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The Greek Press ^ dan, 21, 1932, p. 5
AI^i^OUNCjLlLiN^i'
All members of the parish are invited to come to the Church oi the Virgin i^ry, 5559 u. iiarrison Sxreet on bundc.y, January 24,1932, at 3 o'clock to hear the financial report for the fiscal year of 1931 •
President Secretary
1m i^oliopoulos. I\» i^imperis.
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The Greek tress ^ cJan, 21, 1932, p.<5
GoR Ci4UA(JHjS
'«7e journalists are making*; an appeal to tlie people of the Greek Community of Chicago , to the coinmittee hands of the various churchs and even to the highest executive Archishop Athengoras, to save the two churches which are in peril of closing. I'he psychology of our countrymen we know very well once they are aroused they will do all in their pov/er to save these two establishments. After these appeals, we are sure the Greek people will gather together hold an ecclesiastical meeting, and solve xhe problem, xhe Greek I'ress is looking forward to this.
vie are not trying to prove thut we are saintly people nor is it in our right to dictate or map out a program for the hellenism of uhicago concerning tuis matter. Je are also taking into consideration the great economic crisis we are no;; going tiirough. .;e wrote v/hat .^e wrote because what is needed c\n be clearly seen, v;e want to make the wav easy for the two churches to open the road for them, enlist the help of all Greeks,
. Vm4i iifaiJfciiiV^ifcKyff h^ii«tt..'>l».*»t^ -^V.^ .-■*-: -
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G'zilh^K
The Greek i^ress, Jan*21, 1932.
'Whatever iiis noliness, Archbishop Athenagores does no matter how little, will be a great blessing, We have reirainea from mentioning the names of the two churches because it would be a.Jding an insult to injury- so to speak. The only reason v.e . ave made this situation public is because the churches are being confronted with a problem too big to cope with alone.
ue don't won*t this matter to be taken lightly. If 5g85,000 are not forthcoming immediately, the two Greek Orthodox (Jhurches v/ill go in- to the hands of receivers. A meeting was called last week and new officers of the churches were elected. V/e hope they are capable, ihey have made a good beginning so our faith is in them to save the buildings.
lou cannot afford to ignore this plan because every one of you will be directly or indirectly affected by what happens. The Greek Orthodox religion is at stake. He must have it at any cost.
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Tlie Greek ^ress^ «Jan. 21, 1932, p. 5
(JOlJiiCLICRATION
The Greeks of Chicago had a duty to perform and St. i^icholas Church has decided to do it. Next Sunday, January 24, the Bishop of bt, i^'rancisco, California, His .lOliness Callistos, will hold comiieL.oration services for t}:e heroic Kiprians who died under xJnglish tyranny. All Greeks v/hould attend this affair at ^t. i>iicholas Church.
Ill c Gii-ijiac
The Greek Press, Jan 14, 1932, p. 5
LITURGY
The Greeks of the North bide are to have a liturgy by bishop, oaliistos of ban i?'ranc-Lsco, Ualil'omia, on iDunday, January 17, 1932, at 6t«James uhurch. i5oth priest and th^ choir from the Annunciation uhurch will join those of the lit. James. Thousands of good Orthodox Uhristians are expected*
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Utt:iiJi;K
The Cxreek Press, Jan. 14, 1932, p. 3
ST. JAIiIiilS UhuRGh i>. bukellariou, the priest of bt. James Church is one of those few people that believe tliat the poor must eat. And so he has gathered together various foods and brought them to the church, he quietly summoned several of the poor families in the neighborhood and gave them enou.^h food for several days. That is a good christian deed.
Saloniki, Dec. 26, 1931.
THE TRAIN SPER OF THE A^JNUNCIATION CHUkCH
By Dr. John Voliccs
T). '6." In my previous article I wrote .aoout the establishment of the . lirst Greek church in Chicago, the Annunciation.
This church building was used as a temporary meeting place. Neither the building nor its location was suitaole for a temple of Ood. Because of the urgent need the church was established, with the thought in mind, that it should be transfered at the first opr)ortijnity to a better building and location.
The transfer took place at the close of the Century of Progress and during a period of depression which shook: the foundation ot many a Dusiness house in Chicago. All nationalities in Chicago felt the adverse conditions and most of them applied for relief. The Greeks were an exception. I can verify this statement. The American press commented on the fact that not a single Greek or a single Greek family had asked for help.
- 2 - GHEEK
Saloniki, Dec* 26, 1931.
In spite of the devastating effects of the depression, they managed, through mutual assistance to weather the storm.
The prominent Greeks of the Lycurgus Society, after a general consultation of all the Greeks, trans fered their church to a beautiful hall of the Masonic Lodge at Kinzie and Claric Streets, paying $50 per montn rent.
A great aeal of money was required for the establishment of the new church as well as for a substantial salary for the priest because of his large family. The Lycurgus Society, on my initiative, decided to give the first Greek theatrical performance titled, "Babylonia." When circulars of the forthcoming comedy were distributed, the Greeks flocked to Turner Hall, notwithstanding their financial stress. The proceeds were more than expected. The money having been raised^ the decoration of the churcn was comoleted, icons, a huge chanaelier, seats, linoleum and other necessary ecclesiastical furnishings were bought, and the hall was ready to be consecrated for church services.
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GREEK
Saloniki, Dec. 26, 1931.
The appointed committee of the Lycurgus Society headed Dy the Kev. Piampolis, invited the Russian Archoishop to officiate at the dedica- tion, i'he Archbishop, accompanied by his archdea.con and the Rev. Vrettas, Pastor of the Slavs » was received by the G-reeic priest and the committee at the new church, 320 Kinzie Street, ihe liturgy, con- ducted jointly Dy the Russian and the Greek clergy, was deeply affecting. TWO Greeks and two Russians sang alternately the holy hymns.
After the ligurgy. Archbishop Antonius, delivered in Russian, translated by Rev. Vrettas into Greek, a eulogy for the Greeks ot Chicatgo. He said that as true sons of the Mother Greek church they should never fail to perpetuate her traditions. He congratulated the Greeks in general as true Apostles of Christ's church.
A symposium took place afterwards, in which many participated. The Archbishop with his assistants, discovered before departing that the Greeks harbored no ill will towards the Hussiain Church because of the attempts of the Russians to proselyte the Greeks while they were attending the uussian Church.
- 4 - GREEK v^Y-
.^ fV
--- — >i'
Saloniki, Dec. 26, 1931.
It would be a great rai stake not to mention the good work done by our Greek ladies. Of course there were not many, Dut nevertheless they were ready and willing to contribute their services to the weliare of the community. Some ot the names I recall are: Mrs. A, Manousos, Mrs* John Palamaris, Mrs. Spyroa Poulis, Mrs. Kerkiraios, Mrs. li. Kavouras, Mrs. N. Michalopoulos, Mrs. Koumounaouros, Mrs. C. Michalistis, Mrs# Thomas, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. James Mazarakos, ana Mrs. Poriotis.
GREEK
III C
I A 2 a Chicago Greek Daily, Dec- 23, 1931.
Ill H
APPROVAL OF THE RULES OP THE ARCHDIOCESE
T). 1- According to telegraphic coramoinications from Constantinople the Synod has approved of the rules as laid dowm and voted upon by the Congress of the Greek Communities of America.
What remains now is the applici^tion of the rules, and the first one is the Common Constitution of Communities, which is to be the fo\mdation of all other rules.
We have no doubt that all communities of America will adopt the new constitution promptly, Judging by the impatience with which they are waiting for it.
But this is not enough. The most important of all is the application of the rules for school and education, which are the most urgently needed, since it is known that all communities have been delinquent in establishing and operating schools.
To the speedy application of these rules for education we call the attention of the Archdiocese.
'o-^
m c
III H 17
Sr.loniki , Lee. 19, 1931
I'Hi: CIRISTIAi: SPIRIT - -Editorial j3y Dr» IL Saloooulos
o. 1.- I'ext Friday the bells of the Christian churches v/ill joyfully herrld the birth of the Savior, and tlie S'.lendor of the celebr-^tion.
At the birth of Christ, hone niled the v/orld. She had thrown together barbarian and civilized oeoole. She held together raoral anc imraoral meoole, the normal and the degenerate. Out of this blending, she pro- duced a mixture, that contaiainated the hiuocaii race.
Rome was buying slaves to be throv.^n into fish oont-s. Roman em-)erors Y/ere burninc; slaves alive for the amusement of the celebrants, 'i'he v;orld was nauseated, v/it":. the sight of roped men and women following the chariots of Caesars, Fompeys, and Sullas.
GRESIC -^ >
Saloni::i, Dec. 19, 1931
The v/orld was satiated with the "bestiality of r;orp-ed Hoi^ie and the tribute paid to emperors, ^he conaition of the hujm-in rrce reached such a ooint thc't neither philosoohy nor change of gov'-rnraent coald save it from des- truction. The Creator of the universe savtd the world hy the Dirth of Christ.
The grt:at ancient oViilosopher, oocrates, snea^cing to Phaedon, said, "Divine lievelatioxi, is necessiry, to untangle things, v/hich -.hiloso-ohy is unable to do." The ingenious G-reek mind with its lofty sentiments, created the -ohiloso-ohy that Socrates S'oeaks of, ; no. the same mind re- ceived Chri:itianity from the Savior, develo'oed it through its ;ohilosophies, and soread it throiigh its ^roverhs, teachings, : no. through its ecclesias- tical orators. It rendered G-od's worshi-o — in the churches more s'^-lendid, accomoanied by the Oreek lan.g^ia-e, the holy Byzantine inusic, and the melodious -ooetical hymns.
t..
GEi:.EX
Sr-loniI:i , Dec. 19, 19ol
Zeno, t:ie founder of Stoic "ohiloso-n>iy said, "G-od is imiiiortal, "orovident, creator, cjid Father of all, but does not have a hun;an-lil:e appearance. The G-reek -chiloso-ohy, v-ith its dialectics, and Christianity v/ith its revelations, avowed the iif:;;:ortality of the soul. Plato revealed that the so.il has ideas, not acquired through the physical senses; t-iat it was in existence before its ingress into the hunuxn body; nnd that after its deoarture fron it, the soul v/ill exist as an imiaaterial inte:r;ral entity.
The G-reek -ohilosoohy and the Christian religion, are two shinin^^ st;irs which must be follov/ed by the hunican r^-ce, in ort^er to i.iake our -olanet an iinbounded paradise of hao-oiness ajid blessedness. Unfortuncately, some decades c,-^o ^ the sinister "Boreas of materialism, with utter destruction, ragged to destroy the flov/ers of G-reek philosophy and the fruit-giving tree of the Christian religion.
- 4 -
&IISSII
Saloni'ii , Dec. 19, 1931
The -.^olsheviki acclai-.:ed tue stomach to oe higher thaii the inina, and in such dehaseness they aeclared \n\r cu_;ainst Grod. The olutocrat, on the other hand, occuiiTulatinf; gola and silver, treats with contempt every divine and htunan lav;.
Unfortunately even the "oontiffs of Rome, instead of following the -oure find tr^ie Christian traditions, follov/ed a.nd are follov/i.ig still the traultions of the Roman Empire. They transformer; the 7atica,n into oa.laces of Imperators, collecting annioa.l trihute frori the various people, through their Monarchic legions, much more thaai the Caesars collected through the Roman legions. Thus, the Pope with his Cardinals lives in the Vatican in untold lu::ury and magnificence.
The Savior entered Jerusalem ridin.;; on an ass, raid the Pontiff of Rome recently bought a train, hearing tne imperial colors of the Caesars, beautiful and exoensivc sill: red curtains, ecuio-oed and furnished vrith
- 5 -
G-muz
vy
V;
y
Saloniki, 13ec. 19, 1931
iiiiexaiiioled luxury and e>rpenGed, tha^t even a king or a multi-millionaire of today cannot eo^aal. --nen, a few months a,.:o, iv!ahF»tma. Gandiii, the Hindu ohiloso'oher, asked for an intervie\/, the ansvrer ^vas negative. The "^.i.^li triounal r-ifused to interviev; the ohiloso-oher, because he was not properly dressed. He ^^/as attired in his Hindu cotton tunica (loin cloth 8.nd robe) .
The Savior of the v;orld, V7earin.;j his loin cloth, v'ould undoubtedly meet the same obstacle as the Hindu ohiloso'oher did.
C-ree
This article is v:ritten for G-reeks ajid other Christians of the Orthodox Church, in order to mc-.ke a com-oarisoii betv/een tiieir own holy Cjiurch an.L t}ie Vatican, to discriminate between the holy and true tradi- tions of the G-reek Orthodox church, the moth.^r of oil the G:.ristian churches, aiiCi the traditions of the Vr.tican. The [rQ-j^ged Kome of the past
- D -
GREEl^
'- ■ 1 ' ' r Ik
Saloniki, ;ec. I'J, 19bl
\7ent uov/n, i^xl:< the 'ooino aiid dazzliri^; i::roo3itioii of t le oontiffs of the Vaticrji will, most assuredly, ^o dovm. f licit v/hich is not built upon soiritur.l r.ic. -nif icence and g ^lendor e Vtvntij^lly v/ill a'urnble.
A fe\7 days fro:;; nov: tile G-reexi churches, t'.e v^orld over, v;ill chirae, "Christ is born in the City of llethlehein."
Ill c
II D 1
V A 1
ITT n (T>ri32iaii)
IV
_.^
Sn,loni;;i, Dec. l';, 1331
'.n o,- Li my previous article, I v/rote of the G-ree'.: pioneers of Chica:^o and the estauiish-.ient of the first J-reeli coiai;i\inity«
G-reeks, the ;7orla over, live \;ith G-reek traditions. A G-reek comiaunity v/ithout a Greek Church and a. Greek school, cannot fulfill the traditions of the -.ellenic race. At first, the G-reeks in Chicar^o v;ere attending-; holy services in the Russiaji Chiu^ch. This brajic/i, of the LotVier Greek Church, throuc^ii a syste:iatic oropa^.-anaa, a.toeni'Oted to Slavicize the wor- shi-o-in^^ Greeks.
The v/orshinoers attending;:; the Russiaji church were Polish, Russian, Rou- manian, Serbian, Bulj^a.rian, and t-ien the Greeks of Chica^^o. The "oriest of the church was a Serbian, xhe Russia^n Archbishoo of San Francisco,
2
Saloniki, Dec. 13, 19ol
v/ishin.^, (for Slavic r asons) to cio honor to the u-reelcs of Chicago, trajisferred the Serbian "oriest, anu. in his steaa sent the hev. Procooios Vrettas, a G-ree.c froi-i hacedonia. This nev/ G-reeh priest of the ^ussiaxi Church, althou-h hi-;hly e due ted, failed to Slavicize the C-reek v/cr- snippers. \.L\en he v/as convinced of the utter inpossibility of fulfillin.-: the dictates of the Archbishop of San l-'rancisco, he refrained froi.i fiirther attem ts, lest the G-r-ek connaunity ostracize the Kussiaji Church.
This was the situa.tion in the Greek community in 1390. Aie news of the ".orld^s Columbian Ex-oosition s-oread far and v/iae ajid more Gr^.eks caiie to Chica,^o antici-oatin,-; ^^reat gains from the Exposition. In 1892, the first Greel: society v;as founaed ana n.'u.iea Lycur-^as. The President of Lycurf^j.s Society was Uncle Const-mtiae, ana ..;r, P. La]:ibros, the oresent editor of the G-reek Star, v/a.s its secretary. The meetinc-:s of Lycurr-nis Society v/ere i:iB.ay fh^l v/ere cou-oosed of -orominent menbers, who h^-.d nothing else ia^ mind but hov; to draw the Grreeks away from tne Kussian plot. Some. I reme...ber, v;ere Paoageor."e, John Rifakis, Karelas, Vlachandreas , II.
Ill I
T3 A
Saloniki, 'ec. 1"', 19ol
LazaraiCos, I. Prolcos, :■. ^.o^jmountzis, I. PalaLiaris, A. i.anousos, L, Gianaco^oulos, Capt. IColas, :.;eta::as, Brov:.i fro.n Sarnos, tlie Vournazos brot-'iers, Antzal-^ilic brothers, Saraiitos LoiJiiio.., iJ. Iiavouras, raia others v/iiose name I cannot recollect.
The result of those nieetinjs \ as a i>reel: Church and a G-rc ek "oriest. So an a-ooeal v/as sent to t}ie Liother 'Jhurcii. Jhe hetrooolitaa of Athens,
o». oi^axojL^u^ie ua..yx^ v..*^ ..weal of the Jhica^;;o G-reetrr:^ ; .t }ie -.ev. Fi:^riV:.)olis, accouoanied by his lar^e faiaily, who for raany years served trie G-reek coiiiumiity of Chica:;;o.
talcin;; into earnest considerrtion the ct-oeax oi u once uis"oatc":ied t' '^'
Preparations v:ere iiic^.de tu shelter tne yriest '\ii^. his family, and the ex-^enses \7ere borne by the Lycur-'us Society. --lans ^7ere laaae to fix uo the fift-' floor of a wr.rehouse at loO I'nion .we. This -olace v/as chosen as a tein-Qorary cmrrcri* Of course, it v/as not the ^rooer oLr ce or the -orooer nei<^*hborhood for a church, but due to the fact that nost of the
Saloni :i, Dec. 1: , 19 ol
G-reeks v;ere ia the friiit ousinect: iii tiir.t neivj'^uorhooo , t'ley decided to have the church in r-. cealralized locatioix, ■ t least for a v;hile.
'i.nen Jather I?ian-oolir3 a.id his fa.Tiily arrived, the tera'oorary churcV reraay. The -olace v/as sanctified oy the u-reek -orient anu. named Annuncia- tion. This, zhen, \rpz the foiiiidrtion oi the future G-reek Orthodox Church of Ghica.^o. The first iiiass, uy a ^ree^: -oriest in a G-reek Ghurch uas per- for:iied here in this huiiible pi: ce. In this place also officiated the Llost V. Dionysios Lattas, Archbisriio of Zante, who cairie here as -olenipoten-
...c:
tiar;.- of Greece to the Universal ^.tli,-ious Convention, at the .or Columbian Ez"oosition.
X^-l
Tne -orelate of tne kotlier Church, aft^r the holy litur^^^y, delivered his i.]e::ioral)le adiiress in the crov/ded crnircli, .auu, as I remenher, t'lere W£S not a sin^'le -oerson oerGent who did not shed tears of jo^; . Briefly, I will try to --ive exer-'-^ts froi.i his address.
•r ^
V
n
Sc'-loniki , iJec. 1?, 1931
"Tnis comr.ierci.'^.l edifice, sariCtif ied, serves the .iol;' Gree> Orthodox Church, the hother of Christeiidoia. The divine sr-irit of Orthodox''- is here, in sr)ite of the humhle edifice r.nd its surroiindin.js. This is the c: rdinal ^:tone of the future Orthodox Churcii in your coiairiunitv. The Savior of t.^e v/orlu war ijorn in a st^^ole. i.^a/^nif icence is oleasia-; to the eye and mind. Spiritual faith is aoove all. You are to be con- j%;ratulated on P'rr^etuptin.. ^j-reeic tr-^ditioiis , emr-.natinj fro;.] ^oci, ana in 'J-od you rejoice. J-reehs, the v:orl(i ovcr, have be^^in v:ith Aloha, and reached Cr.e.ja; t;ie tii;ie is not far distant ^:fAe-Li your co:.i amity v/ill hr:ve its ov/n churcii. Li the ii:[ime of our Holy hother Church, I "bless you all."
So in 1892 '^e<^'.ii the functioniaj of t :e first Greek Ortlioaox Church i
n
Gh ica>'"o«
^ >
Ill C SREEK
'^'^ ^ * Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 11, 1931.
CHICAGO'S REPRESENTATION IN THE CONGRESS OF COl^IUNITIES
p. 1- The Greeks of Chicago have decided to be fully represented in the Congress of Communities in New York.
At first the communities here did not give serious consideration to the matter, and the idea of proxy representation took root. Through dis- cussion and the development of different points of view the original idea has been changed, atnd it is now considered necessary that all communities shall send representatives.
That is precisely what should be done, for it would not be right for Chicago to fail to send representatives and express its opinion on matters so vitally important to the organization of Hellenism in America.
According to information received by us every community in Chicago will be represented by its own delegate, and most important of all, they will formulate a plan for united action and will thus present a solid front in the congress.
V
Ill C - 2 - GREEK /f^,.,ni'^'
A,P.A.
Chicago Sreek Dally, Nov. 11, 1931.
Such a decision was imperative, since those of New York, as indicated by the plans which they have laid out, were \infortunately desirous of claiming everything for themselves and of ruling all the Greeks of America,
The fact that the opinions of the laity coincide with those of the clergy and that there is no question of sacerdotal rule, as was originally believed, is satisfactory.
Of such cooperation we have been always ardent advocates, and we believe that cooperation between clergy and laity is possible, provided that both sides have their courses of action outlined and do not forget the saying, "Every man in his place."
We firmly believe that the cooperation of clergy and laity will facilitate the task of both, for the benefit of o\ir communal ana ecclesiastical interests, and that this congress, comprising these two elements, will become the starting point of sincere cooperation between them.
Ill c
II B 2 d (1)
Chicago Gree'ic Daily, Nov. 3, 1931.
THE GrR^y COMMJinTY OF CHICA-'X) A(;AIMST THE
OLIGARCHY CF NEW YORK
We are only two weeks av/ay from the opening of the congress of the communities, and the daily press (Greek) of New York keeps silent upon the subjects that are to "be discussed in it, as if they were questions of no interest at all to the Greek population of America.
Only the day before yesterday Atlantis touched upon the question, con- fessing that it was a matter of significance and emphasizing the necessity of representation for the communities, in order to terminate its article v/ith a recommendation to the comra\inities to appoint their representatives among residents of New York.
In other words, the congress is to consist of Greeks of New York. The famous plans laid down by the wise New Yorcers will be voted upon by them and accordingly those in New York will direct the Hellenism of America.
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Chicago Greek Dally, Nov. 3, 1931.
GREEK
Wl ^
The Chicago Greek Daily has revealed these intentions of the New Yorkers and has characterized the newspapers' silence as the silence of guilt. Now, from what Atlantis publishes in its issue of Nov. 1st, our fore- bodings are completely realized, ana we have the revelation of how the gentleman of New York have staged the congress, and how by their method of representation through residents of New York they have planned essentially to exclude other communities.
And there is no doubt that the comnunities swallowed the bait. Chicago would have been caught in the net if it had not been for the G-reek Daily, which hastened to reveal their wily schemes and to emphasize the necessity of each community's sending its own representative so as to have all represented and to present a united front against the meditated attempts of the New York combination, which thought to dominate the whole Greek population of America by such means.
We wish to assure the New Yorkers that in times like these, in which the spirit of democracy prevails from one end of the world to the other, not only Chicetgo but the whole Greek population of America is against the
A-
/ o
- 3 . OREEK i7V(PA /I
Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 3, 1931.
adoption of the oligarchic system which the New Yorkers thotight of establishing with the famous '^Mixed Council," ana it is high time for them to realize that the Archdiocese of North and South America belongs to all Hellenism and not only to the oligarchy of New York.
Fortunately the Oreek community of Chicago perceived the snare in time and unanimously condemned the method of forming the "Mixed Council" . Those in New York took care to have it elected only by residents of New York; Greeks of other communities would have had no right to office. We have not the slightest doubt that the opinion of Chicago will prevail in the congress, no matter how much the New Yorkers, by their method of representation, have tried to pilfer the votes of the communities which they supposedly would represent.
We are pleased to say that we have been informed that all our communities have decided to send representatives to the congress, and that even those which had previously decided to authorize representatives in New York have revoked the authorization, and thus all Chicago communities will be represented.
- 4 - gRBEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 3. 1931. ^^'' ^'"-''^^^'^Oj. 302/h
Thus far representatives have been elected by the communities of St. Andrew^ St. Nicholas, Holy Trinity, St. Oeorge, Assumption, and St. Constantine. Next Sunday the communities of Annunciation of the Virgin Mary and St. James will follow.
Ill c III B 4
(<«« Jliilt
\
Chicago Greek Dally. Oct. 3I, 1931 THE COHSTITDTIOH OP THE COMMUNITIES
p. 1.- In oiar last Issue we e^ressed our opinion regarding plans laid out 'bj communities In New York, and which are to he submitted to the Congress of Greek Communities, Nov. l6th«
We also dwelt In length on the '•Mixed Council" plan, which we considered the most Important for the communities, because It Is the one throu^ irtilch the whole administration of the Archdiocese and Its relationship with the communities will be regulated*
Next to this regulation, however, comes the by-la^s of the churches and the communal councils. In other words, the common constitution which the Archdiocese was eiqpected to lagr out for all the Greek communities of America*
The plan that was sent, however. Is anything but a constitution for the communities and, therefore, does not bear the Importance attached to It tqr the many*
- 2 -
t!ri:n.f4;
Chlcaep Gre>lc Daily> Oct. 3I, I93I
It l8 simply a set of by-laws for the ehturches which we ptibllsh^ here-* wlth« for the satisfaction of those who tho-u^t that the Archdiocese wotdd assume the administration of the communities and also to convince those Yiho were expecting the Archdiocese to lay out such a constitution, that such a thing is Impossihle^
The communities are corporations in themselves and have their own consti- tution. Whatever change in them is necessary must he done by the commtmi- tles themselves, and not imposed xpon them from the Archdiocese , nor even hy its general congregation.
The only thing that has to he done, as we see it, is the addition of a few articles in the commuxiities^ constitution in which its relationship to the Archdiocese is defined.
Fortunately, such thoughts have prevailed, also, in New Tork, and wholly for this reason the '^Church Rules** were accepted instead of the constitu- tion.
Ill c III B 4
IC
•Q iroe.-:
-ct.
1 1 071
0-.
TC
^. 1-Article 1.- l\y t ^e v:ord ''iicclef^ir" tae "a/;,,r:^;;'^te of t_'.e f^it.-iful" l9. :'iec?r}t, .-^nd. O".'' tho v;ord "church" i:r.e "Te^ole of -J-od" Ir mider^'tood. Accordin,.;!:/, to the -einole- of ^Jro'^i. due rev^'rpnce ir rejidered, Iwery re^^jul'-tion rnd hirnl^^.e oocerv-Tice is follov'ed ^"itri th/-^ crwirch. The jrries?t of the cl.'urch. md t'.:e co^^.-iittee — r^re held reGoonsihle for t/eir occuroiice.
/^re to he coj7F:.der":d rr?
Article 2.- '.ro i no'" on, nnl:-' co viunr"^. chnrch.er:
le.'-:iti: >;vtel./ e::tr^hl is-hed. rrlv^'te c.: ivc' er '^re -hs^olutely -3"cliided --s
■.■)er ''rticle n-:-:her tiireo, or~o..:r:-ic?
-'.:-ce"itiO::r to t.ii? ru_e ;3p, ho^^it'^1^ rnd old oeoo'lc'r Ilo^.e^.
■re t
chr^-oel? in
Article 3*"" '^ c::i0xc\\ i^ to he erected, or hou/.t, hef or^
.'" "DIO"'"!
of
X. ,
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co:'i.:jnitv -nc. hefor:^ it n^e heen nroven to the hcclof 1; f ^uthorit:' t.rt t::e C'-^n ainitv hr? the fujid?^ needed for tfie eroctio-n rnd :.\r: i n t enrnc e of it.
Chicfv':o -'-r-
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Article 4.- 'Ihere c.p.n "be ^.ore t" r^n on^ C-i'.irc}i ir: one citv, if tlie reo^jiirft- '.^.ents 0' the coriniiLaity crll for it, and if si;.ch ^vill not be in.iiorious to the ecoiioriic int^^re?.tc= of other?.
Article 5«"" As "oer s-.i-;;;,esti on of t're Archdiocese rll Ort .odor -J-reelc Christians n\ist Decode rnernbers of the parishes to which they oeloni^.
Article o.- Tiie churches .-^re servin,^, not only the renmrenents of re- li^i-j,lon, hut .^Iso the education,-^! ^m\ ■'.)hilpnthro"oic needs of their nenhers ezpctly rs is -orovided in the specir,,! rules.
Article ?.- It is the spirit p'-& the "^ etter of this article, that a church can he est.-^hlished only .-^fter r- TDetition "by Orthodox (Freehs, in suf''^icient nunihors is rn^^de to tlie A.rchdiocese. hhe nev/ chrirch ri^y he hmlt on"T rf^t-'^r a. specific oernit is .-jranted o' t/ie Archolshoio.
u . c3 li
Article o.- The suor^-^ne le-der of the churches is the Archhisho^. To
him pre suhnitted, unreserv3dly, rll finrnci^l pnd other reoort?, pnnu^-lly
in re;yrd to -ohil-^nthrooic educ^tion^"! , riK. socirl , activities ^-ith rll d e t n i 1 c; ojio. s 1 yn e d in o.u. 0^ i c • t e .
■^DT'.^ ■'
Ohic-xo ^yreek ^^rilyj. Oct. ;^l , l*i;^l
If inco;eF ?ho''' ^ decr^rre, or exoendit ui'e? rre r^i--i'.e'=^9 pud. unjiirtif i^-blo
it ir le-''"-
u 0 ■
tj'.e dircrotion of t'"L;*^ Arc.ibirho) to rctivel ' intervene
pccov'\in.^ zo o..:e ri--::tr^ oef^to^--ea on
t -jv'.-^l
the i:;; cre^d Crnon^.
Article '^,- liie •)l"'nr ' nd <^ -ncificptionr for ^-^ -rv- cb.iircn to "oe orectod
1 A '^.^ _. ..; ^ -' J — »-'-^- .' •I' _ »- X -■. J r. 1-..' y IX U w ^ - .i- 1/ ' .
:3 ^rn:■;cl^n::Oo ir
o
Co rdttee
fr-'O V
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of th:^ cort. The ^^^ >*f-'->
c3 architect, "ith ,-n itemized or^tin-to
Arc. l:::snon
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;Oino O'JX rii/ en;-:
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irn^ 100.- uion, ^^n::. coi^t. loo lrr:':o r:i er ^enditnre
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10 L oo ... e encoirr ;ea.
... v..
r» ''^r| j-
ne evceedin : rbi].it7,
'0 ever-" corynuMGy ;'>'r i -'.ture er-
^n ;oof^^ibl^, endov; it^ cluxt^ch -'itn rn incone.
r'
i-ne fnie reason ic^ e-^\i^.l].y -n^'Med to t-e ^\Trc:-r.^e of :- lot for tie 'Erection o""' r cnurcl, pchoo"^ , or nhilonthrodc in^^tit'ition. Ine Arcl-
diocere .:n r tie ri,;lit to "be coneulted rf^ to t-ie .'nrch-^Be of lot::, or noupeF of orr./er z \pt c^^ri be le;-^r^ec. for ch'ircl services.
.Article 10.- Ine cn-jrch of ever- con, ami t^ once c-^n^.ecr- ted ip, considered tne cmirch, of t!n t con-nriity rlr'rjs, exceot rlen t-e Arc:ibiF^:ion trdnks otherwise, followin- r netition STib:aitted by the nenbers in f;enerp3. con- {^e^ption.
- U -
i^eLiiJi^i:
GhicrTO J-rooI:
. > JJjr ^
Oct. ^T, i.q;^i
Article 11,- In crre of cliF.r-oln.tiDn of r> corrronit:/, itf^ irooert:/ in t
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cr.o.iocer^
O T-r
uer tii(^
:)pe on- t':ree yearr , '.:r^ ' dir-ooce of to r-rie to t: ^'-^ "benefit o/* econonic
interoptr of th^. cloro<^t v- •O.-r'^. ■ or.';pnirro(l Orthodo:: :}ro.t.:c o" t'^^ £':::e con-iunity.
urt:ioaoy onm^a
^no.
.- .-.very merer :^e of tie -.lor"
•cr.
o:
C'Vxrch nu<;"t be ipcie
icnov;n \:o t-ie Arc^dioct^re o-fore t o fI jiln^; of t-ie oontrrct^'.
1 l^-^-
J- i
o'le no'y.itoee ry:}mi"ce t-.^e -jortic*
l-r :etition, thpr-^ ypy >:■• e::v;loyec. t-;'o or t:.ree me^oF m x . : e R;-rqe cii'irch, U-'he firrt O'-^e vill h-^ve t.e ri fit^' of r ■ '>r-"^f^idin ; clerical, rf orovided for iii .-21 ret "yrr^^ed iir >reece md elyeivhere, r\rd tie foeond f'-^ pA t h i r (i '. re e 0 n r* i ^1 ore -d p :" .-^ r r i '- 1 .'•■ "i t c: .
Artj ele iM-. - d>
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r '^' "', o r (' '"^ '^ i. "*^ •'^ J "■ ,'^ ""''* *^ o
le ircfiOif^no'')
r> 1 *^ ' r y g r ^- r d i n
the c:yirc:: by th^ ^orrirh }^riert rceordin_^ ■::o inr^t met lone :^ron the foryier.
Oilier ;o '.rreek ^ Jril/ ^
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Article 1: . - '^''.o c.rircr. is o :nn evt^ry f^^^y -or JririFti-n? ? t ere O.Mrin ; -^rri ::-ied liorirs er'ceot for valici rerronr.
"I
cl^s'^ r'9 nof^piolr^ to t"ie chiirch, inr^miicr. t no repiaentir ii-^^ve been -provided for him ".'Ithin t'e con:aun.'-l b-ailclin;:.
L» I i t; -. i J. ', ^ ;:• u
e rer.ide^, rs •"'up.rt.erf;
Article l-:.- A Si:i :er, or ^in^^r?, -^yort-d in 3:/r^pntino :auric, '^ill De r"^/ioint-.d in c:^jr''fici'^^nt nunb-^rp r:-connended lo:- tl'-- ")riest, r?*Hi.:;iied hy t^.io iccleri^rtic-l corn--!i~tee, ^nd. - 'nrov^d oy the ArchoiRl-o^^. Sin';erB :vxyt be ■■")io"ii^ nc orudent rnd ^v-^r^r t e i^r^^i^-l 1 on ; blr^ the clyn-^ch.
■c : c!'. ord: ^'--jiile in
Article 17.- '^''"s l^:or_ nrintin.;; od
oVnjr^^li :anrt be entrurted to Ilron
.?rtistr , ;rr .u-^-ter) od r "ool/tecdnic rchool, lo^'ued in Byr^pntine rrt rnd rGcoyni'^ed, in '-/riti!. ;, b;..^ t:ie Archdiocese.
(in full)
Ill 0 III B 4
GEEEK
Saloniki. Oct. 24, 1931
THE PARISH OF ST. NICHOLAS
p« 5»- The administrative council of St. Nicholas ' x>arish calls all the parishers to a general meeting to take place on Not. 1st in the auditoritim of the Church, 5957 So« Peoria St.
The ohject of the meeting is to choose a layman representative, who with our Pastor, will represent the parish in the forthcoming Congress of laymen and clergyman, which will take place in New York on Nov. 16, 1931*
The office.
Ill 0 III B 4
C- ic- :o ->roe:: J^:-il.,:, Oct. -'O, I93I
^THY SIL-:...C^?
;o. ? .- T":Te ■rT^^^eli Jc-?.il7 firrt •ono'^ ir'-'ie:! t.ie infornrtion ,^Doiit r Con':res? of the Gornmjjiitief: to trhe nl^ce .;ov. l-^t.:. '-^'he lle^.v York dpilief-- aid not
"ouolish p ?.^ord^ dep-oite tlie f.-^ct th- t t
decision *'^r ?■. t ''\"rer. i n
ew
f
or:^.
rnd tho Gon.-jre?r v^ill oe held iv, j.er^ for]:. Infornrtion of such i^n'^oort.'^nce ou_y.i.t to hr^ve ]2r^.e it? fir^t rjner^rpncs in the hev: Yor]: ''■r:ier^.
In coi'^nentin : U"oon thir puo.iect ^e do :.';ot --le.-n to er,'?lt t^^e '>reel: Dnily for its f Tartness, '"'e ?'ish to e:'-:)rerr, rpther, onr s.-'.ir'oripe , not o"^"^7 on silence of tiie heiv Yor-. -oroers r'3.%\^rdin^ f Tiatter 0:" pn.Cj'. i-Toort.-^nce, "O'lt about our conimm-^l or^.Tni^/'-tion in .■•ener-'l. If such silence is inten- tional it crn -orovohe npn.;/ thoujrits ^nd co:'>]";em:s.
Ho^" cO'ild tnis om-nission 'oy tne hew Yorh ipoers 1)9 exjlrined? i-ov: could the.T oreserve silence on rn event of sucn innortrnce tLrt is of uri^rr:/" interest to ^rreeKs of Anericr fror". corst to co-rt. ^^0 they -riern to hr-Ye this Goni_:;ress trr^nsrcted secretlv :-nc\. in. p family circle, st''";:3in ,' p:'-^d re- servin ; it for th'^^-selvo? , if vje .iud ^e fron the ;;^lrns th.ey pre r^ivAzn-'i to centrpli^e rll authority in lev.' Yor':. , pn'- rss-^mQ tVie -niprdi --nshin of 0*^11
I _.
1 >"l
1 A' '-ri cr ?
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iirv:.n..; . ew xor.: rrvijii-u'
a*^'
oit^ for t'v.~ Con
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ev'^^T nind the
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V
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fpct tiat ^76 rore led t") o-Oievc t.rt C::icr :o vr-^ tn o^' tiie olrce, r^nd it 7.'c^ r to "O'i t'iB pc-'-a o*'"^ tl':e Archdiocepe rlro, on r-cco'^nt of v/?iic^: the con- ^'initi'^cr involved tae:ipe"'.VT'^p into e^r^enpes n/ hiri'''.g nece??'^ry ^urrterp •nd ro for
o^
Ciiico 0 ';^•^^ th'"- 'ol.'-ce PMitro"'e "^or this Con;re^p, dn.e to
it? '00 Tr-O'^iccol locrtion.
-r .
Consen^i.entl'^, t:":^i decision to ' rve hev' i:or::, Inrterci, ,^r v;o ' .'. '^'-•' t^e '-'rj thlp Gon:yr^FP i «r t^ co.v^^no vio'''t-r thr^ ri :;htF o'^' th^ Co::r':'init.;^ of Gijic^-;o '-^p '"el"^ .'-r ;^ Id t:^ con- lUdi tier- of" t!ie nidri-ert rnd /ept.
The PTete^ o:^ centr^-lirr tion, ?:hic: t■.■^<=t not ono ^on~or-:ir' ; to t ip r :o , no^ c-ni in-: ?7^to:: ,-nd "lioertiop t::'^t t e Ir^eh oorp:'PPed,
. X .'■ ' / ^0
.1. >:
."^.yr Yor:'':erp .^vf^
it "be iri record rl tn t-e nrevr^il
ooou^ rce of A^n^ric^ 'hp^ lon,<
If t'e Vev 'iorh:erp :. nr ;ino t'i.?t -- :.iired council, v.'hich t'-e;,' j?eeh to mono- "oolire, '"'..^'^ direct t e chnrcrop r-n^l pohoolr of the Tr-.'']\ co:a^ Jini ti-^^* of Aiaerico , ti^ei fool t'~e selvep _r^rtl ^, Conditions, t 'lenpelves , cry ploud
Chicr-.-co :>ree!c Jaily, Oct. PO, IQ*^!
thpt such p. t^-^orrdirnshiT) co-ild not •ootrf^ioly be rcceoted 't)y the G-reeks of Americp. Their enterprisin,^ schemes are doomed in p^ilvpnce^ eren "before bein-5 put into effect.
The G-reek* community of Chicp^o, which hf?d the initiative for the solution of our church division and the estphlishnent of the nev: Icclesipstic;^! re.^'^ie, Must fii^ht united .-^i.^rinst thore rlio, apoarently , have n desire to return to dissension to create new c.'^user of friction, and make Hellenism in Arierica a fert-ire of t:.e i'ev; York oliv^archy.
(s-a.m:nar:7)
.^<-
GREEK
■ >
III _c
I A 2 a Chicago Oreek Daily ^ Oct. 13, 1931. '^•^o'
III 3 4
TH£ CONCIRESS OF THI COI^i^iWITI^S
p. 1- Our church reorganization is slow but sure. The establishment of the monastery seems to continue to absorb the attention of the Archdiocese more than the convocation of the congress of communities. It seems, to judge from the lack of any new information, that it will be further de- layed if not postponed indefinitely.
It is a matter of dispute whether the congress shall be held in New York or in Chicago. .'e have dealt with this subject in the past, and v/e should like to come back to it were we not afraid that we are arguing about something which the Archdiocese does not consider of pressing need.
On the other hana, if we examine more closely the exTDected results of the proposed congress, we shall see that nothing positive will result from it because decisions regarding matters of the communities cannot be final, for it is known that the comm\inities, recognized as associa- tions, must vote as units on decisions of the congress.
- 2 - aREEK
Chicfu^o Greek Daily, Oct. 13, 19'61.
That they v;ill do so is very doubtful, especially if the communal liberties are to be restricted, and new evils are to be introduced as it is r-umored.
Our coramunal matters are at a standstill pending the convocation of the congress. Oiir parish dissension continues with sporadic jumping about on the part of some priests to administer sacraments in parishes not their own.
This phenomenon is to be regretted because it proves that some priests, fortunately few, do not want to behave themselves and keev order, in spite of the fact that formerly they were loud for order and claimed the title of regijlar and oraerly priests.
We confine ourselves to these few remarks to-aay, awaiting their aT)ologies to the Archdiocese or rather the latter' s decision upon them.
Ihe affairs of the V/est Side community - of the Holy Trinity - are getting into a mess. We are informed that some councilmen have even
— o
OREEIC
Chicago
Greek Jaily, Oct. 15, 1931
'-5=??>
submitted their resignations to the president, i.-Ir. Palivos, having become despondent because no improvement in the situation is -oossible.
If Mr. Palivos v;ould follow the example of the councillors, the situation surely would be ameliorated, for this man, after all, ought to understand that he cannot continue to be president after taking under his protection the embezzlers of the school funds and cooperating with them.
Ill c III A
GHEEK
Saloniki, Oct. 10, 1931
GREEK UONASTERT IN AMERICA
p. 4.- The undlsputable fact that the Oreeks of America will remain citizens of this great democratic country is once more apparent from the following fact: the establishment of a Greek monastery in America.
The Greek originally did not come here to stay and become a part of this great Republic; he came here to earn dollars and go back to his belored Greece* However, the American ideals, the nobility of the American spirit; the greatness of the American form of 6k)Temment; and the liberty and Justice which he loves and enjoys under the American flag, enthused the Greek immigrant of the past and made him an integral part of American life* The Greek began to build his beloved Greece here in America, his future home 6Uid fut\ire count ry« The idea of going ba^k has been given up» The idea of putting his shoulders to the American wheel of progress and of helping to construct appeared. He built houses, stores, theaters, schools, churches, bought farms, and real estate, and now he has established a Greek monastery, the first of its kind in the Greek life of America*
- 2 - GrSEM.
\
• f f ^
Saloniki, Oct* 10, 1931
The mixed council of the Greek Archdiocese for a long time contemplated the feasibility of such an institution as a spiritual center for the Greeks of America* Gastonia, North Carolina, has the distinction of having the first Greek monastery in this country* St* Stephen is the name it was given* The estate is composed of 420 acres and known as Crowder's Itountain, where formerly was functioning Linwood College* It includes the famous springs known as All Healing Springs* The many buildings of the former college have been transformed and reconstructed for the monastic life of the new occupauits* The mild climate and the salubriousness of the plaice makes it an ideal spiritual center*
The estate was bought by the Greek Archdiocese thro\igh Greek contribu- tions* New buildings are erected and a new Church is practically com- pletedt as new contributions come in* Bishop Philaretos of San Francisco is in charge of regulating the institution* Thousands of Greeks all over the country who will visit the monastry will have the opportunity to hear the churches* bells chiming Byzantine music*
- 3 - QBMK. -- ^:^
Saloniki > Oct. 10, 1931
Is it possible for the progressive Oreek mind to be contented with one monastery for the 500,000 Greek-Americans? Noi This is the be- ginning of a new era. In years to come the Greeks in each State of the Union will meet one another, exchange a few words, and a new re- ligious and educational building will go up, symbolizing their pro- gressiveness and determination to remain Greek-Americans.
(Summary)
Ill c
6BZEK
Saloniki, Oct* 10, 1931
ANNOUNCEMENT
p# 5.- For the sake of unity, cooperation, understanding, and harmony, in the Greek communities of Chicago, the Pastor of St. Andrews and St* Constantine, will change places this coming S\xnday#
The Rev. M# Petrakis, Head Priest of St. Constantine Chiirch, will hold mass at the church of St. Andrews and the Rev. Eirinaios Tsourounakis will hold mass at the church of St. Constantine.
The diocese of Chicago informs the parishers of the respective churches of this interchange in pastors for next Sunday.
Ill c
GfiSM
A
•■ '<-
Saloniki . Oct. 10, 1931 '^^ ^
f%
UHIEE THE GINIRAL CONVENTION OF THE ARCHDIOCESE WILL TAKE PLACE
p* 3.- The Greek clergy in Chicago in unison with all the Greek comimmi- ties, sent an appeal to the Tribunal of the Diocese, idiich governs North mnA South America, pointing out Chicago as the proper place to hold the Ecclesiastical convention.
Chicago, owing to its geographical position, and due to the fact that it has more churches, and also the largest Greek community, is the most suitable place for all concerned for the congress. We wish and hope, that the Archbishop would take in consideration all the above reasons and honor our city with the forthcoming convention* Nevertheless, if his decision is otherwise, we shall respectfully abide by and solemly accept it«
(Summary)
^f^'VHir
III
I A 2' a
IV
^^^ OH) FHC: ^n-s Chicago Greek Dally. Oct. 3, 1931
THE MISERABLE SITO/LTIOH 01 THE HOLT TRIHITT COMMOHITT
The situation In the executlre affairs of H0I7 Trinity comnmnlty hecame 80 "bad, recently, that no matter how disgusted we were we feel duty hound to ring the alarm of danger and place the responsihility for it wholly xqpon its President and his irresponslhle Councilor.
Decision after decision is taken up every day against the Community, and under the pretence that for the sake of safety the proceeds are not de- posited in the hank, the Treasurer, the President » and the Priest collect the money and nohody knows what's what!
Furthermore, we are informed that honds of the community are heing sold for this or that thus defeating the purpose for which the honds were issued*
And this, in spite of the fact that $3, OCX) was given the school as a recompense for its deficit, and the destruction of the hooks, in order to conceal the real facts in the matter*
Ill C - 2 - QBBXSK
Chicago Greek Dally. Oct. 3t 1931
In Tlew of this deplorable situation what Is the President of the Commonlty, Mr. Palevos, going to do and what does his councilor, Mr» Ji. Eoainakis, advise him to do?
III C gREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 19, 1931 •
THE NEED OF PUBLIC COOPERATION '' ^''^'^'^ P^^-^hlJi
(Editorial)
p. 1- j.he organization of our parishes continues to progress, and the moment\iin of this progress should be increased so that we may make up for the time lost while our church affairs were in their late der)lorable condition, so correcting, the evils brought about by the disunited parishes*
We are all awaiting the arrival of the Archbishop in our city so that he may summon us into conference eoid set in motion the cooperative r)lans for putting our community affairs in order.
The start has already been made, and resolutions have been adopted by which the plan of reorganization has been solidly established, and the proper course has been laid out for its develooment.
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 19, 1931. WPA (ILL.) PRC
w.cjUZ/
I'he disunion of the parishes, in spite of the querulous objections of those persons, fortimately few, who cannot perceive that the unification of the churches was inevitable, and that nothing can keep us apart, has been welcomed by the majority.
With the organization of the parishes has come about the establishment of a central committee representing all the parishes of Chicago. This committee will make decisions upon public matters and be able to attain the public cooperation of all the parishes.
In our opinion the intervention of the Archbishop in the solution of our church community problems has thus far proved very beneficial, and now it is for us to bring about the completion of our church orgatnization.
It is now the duty of the Central Parish Committee to gain the coopera- tion of the public in our reorganization.
Perhaps at present many are asking the question, Was the arrival of the Archbishop needed to compel us to reorganize? The answer to this question is unfortunately Yes, inasmuch as many of the parishes depended entirely upon the Archbishop's aid.
Ill C - 3 - ORininr
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 19, 1931. v^o. . : r % n- ,.,.
'*^" (fLLf/ ii'jj, :uv:V"i"
It should be clearly \mderstood, however, that the Archbishop cannot de- vote all his time and his energy to the solution of Chicago's community problems, and it is now our duty to work in whole-hearted cooperation for the cause. Only by the real and sincere cooperation of us all can our church affairs be rescued from the chaos in which we find thera*
To close one church to save another is the foolish idea of persons who have never studied the affairs of our church communities, and who do not realize that each and every church has its individual obligations, that failiire to meet these obligations will force it to close its doors, and that it cannot be saved by an act of unification.
The only means of salvation is the enrollment of each communicant in the parish district to which his church belongs, and this can be accomplished by the means which the Central Parish Committee deems proper, and the sajne method of enrollment will be employed by all the parishes. The fruitless experiments that each parish is conducting by itself will not produce the desired result. The method adopted must be quick and pre- cise, for the need is urgent.
Ill C - 4 - gREEK
Chicago Sreek Daily, Sept. 19, 1931*
It is time for the stjecial picnics and dances to stop which' ^iiaveoeeh given to raise fiinds for church communities, for the expense of conduct- ing these affairs usually exceeds the receipts, and our churches cannot be saved by selling raffle-tickets and by organizing functions to attract crowds but only by public cooperation. New means of raising fimds must be devised which shall be proportionate to our present needs and condi- tions*
It is the duty of the Central Parish Committee to take this matter into consideration immediately itad not to expect the Archbishop to discover the ways and means of cooperation.
We believe that the Archbishop has given us the proper start, and upon us depends the perpetuation of this new era of cooperation. The more expeditiously we work to this end, the faster the condition of our church affairs will improve. If we do not continue to apply our efforts, the total responsibility will fall on the directors of the parishes, who probably will not avail themselves of the new state of affairs nor realize the benefits of cooperation.
The Contra.dictor.
n-- "TS
11 c
GREEK
Ik
if-
I A 1 a
II n 10
Proodos (Progress), Aug, 31, 1931,
CHICAGO'S SOCIAL COLmiN, THE DANCE OF "ZOODOIIOS PEGS"
The various committees of the Brotherhood ^Zoodohos Pege'* (Life Giving Fountain) of Saint Nicholas Church are very busy in preparation for their first annual ball, to be given at the Shoreland Hotel, Sunday, Sept* 18*
This brotherhood, or rather sisterhood, was organized by the young ladies of St. Nicholas Church and aims to care for the orphans and to help financially, worthy university students of Grrecian descent.
The Creek public will no doubt support the young ladies in their Christian work for which they founded this club.
Philanthropic and social work of this kind should be encouraged and assisted, and we are confident that the Greek public will honor this first ball of the •'Zoodohos Pege^ and will crowd the ballroom of the Shoreland.
f
III C GREEK I A 2 C
IV Chicago Greek Daily. Jiily 30, 1931. .„ ,, .
Vhh {\lu) i-f\uj. Ji)^75
THE SPIRIT OF UNITY AND COOPERATION
(Editorial)
p, 1- The parish problems of our community have at last been solved, and our affairs have emerged from their recent iinstable condition.
All the major obstacles which seemed insuperable have one by one been overcome, and the spirit of cooperation prevails among us.
The causes of our Church's late deplorable condition were lack of mutual confidence and our inclination to quarrel among ourselves. These had been for many years the predominating reasons for the division of o\ir Church into two opposing factions, each having as its goal the destruction of the other and. not considering that by such antagonism the entire structure of the institution was threatened with collapse.
Fortunately that detestable period has been concluded, and the Hellenism of America in a united effort under one ecclesiastical authority has
in C - 2 - SREEK
I A 2 c
IV Chicago Greek Daily, July 30, 1931. WPA (ILL) PRu :u2:'^
turned from its downward course and has realized that only through cooperation will it be possible to preserve what remains and from the mass of ruins to restore the status of our Church, which besides its religious function serves as a factor in maintaining our national \inity in the lana where we now live.
The Greek community of Chicago, which was the first to strive toward the solution of our church problems and the establishment of the new ecclesiastical state of affairs, has the right to be the first to enjoy the benefits of unity and to be the first to exemplify the fruit of cooperation to the entire colony of Greeks in America. It was hardly possible that a rapidly growing, thriving community like Chicago should fail to realize that the time had come to put an end to petty church divisions and parish antaigonisms and all those matters which at the time of the church conflict we classified as insuperable obstacles and im- passable chasms* Such a community could not fail to realize that only by good will and mutual confidence can we remain united, and that only throiigh cooperation and mutual understanding can we continue our forward progress. We should not take sides when one parish aims at the destruction of another*
III C - 3 - GREEK I A 2 c
IV Chicago Greek Daily. July 30, 1931. ^y^ ^;^ ^ ?mJWt
We mast work hand in hand for the cause of the entire community, for TDarishes, schools, and churches all belong to the Greeics of Chicago; it was the Chicago Greeks who contributed the funds to establish and support these institutions, and any injury or destruction inflicted on one parish is felt by the entire community.
It is a pleasure to note among the members of our commxinity the prevalence of the spirit of solidarity and cooperation and above all to find that the distrust which many of our compatriots manifested has been replaced by mutual confidence* It is also a pleasure to see the exchange of ideas and opinions among parishes, and it is apparent that it will not be long before they will all become united.
As long as the financial contributions to the support of all parishes are equally divided, there will be no objection to the unification of these parishes; we have never opposed unification, but we do object to the methods employed to effect the proposed union, - that is, we object to acts of force and compulsion. But if two parishes perceive the necessity of uniting to attain some worthy public and and of their own free will
III C • - 4 - GREEK I A 2 c
IV Chiceigo Greek Dally t July 30, 1931. ^^vp;, /;'L.^FFr> 1 '-
decide to be so Joined, we shall be the first to accord our whole- hearted support to such an act.
Of utmost importaince is the fact that there now exists among the various parishes and commtinities the spirit of solidarity, cooperation, and mutual confidence, through which it is possible to bring about the restoration which we desire. This is largely due to the influence of Archbishop Athenagoras, who apparently has interpreted correctly the character of the Greek-American and knows both his merits sind his weak- nesses* Besides performing his regular duties as Archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Church of North and South America, Father Athenagoras may also because of his position regulate our community problems, and the only soiirce from which he may derive the inspiration to do this is the absolute confidence in hin with which the hearts of the Greeks in America are now filled. We therefore have sound reason to believe that the Greek community of Chicago owes to Archbishop Athenagoras hearty thanks for the splendid work so far accomplished toward the solution of our parish and community problems*
S. Kotakis.
Ill c
IV
GHiiliiiK
baloniki, duly 18, 1931, p. 5 WPA {11:) PKOi ^5
ANlTOUNCi:IIffiOT
rhe pious and Orthodox Christians of Chicago and suburbs are informed that next Saturday's vesper will begin at 7t30 p. m. at the ohurch of bt, constant ine»
At the vesper's services, the i^st Kev* Athenagoras, Archibshop, will officiate assisted by the Rev* Petrakis, Archpriest of the uhurch, Rev* Tsourounakis, Kev. const, hadzedemetriou; Kev. Daniel (jolemis; Kev. i)aniel t^brilis; Kev« Denacopoulos; Rev* N, Kesses; Kev. ^onst« Papcuiicolaou; Rev. Arcadiosj Rev. Zografus and the singers of all Greek churches.
Pious and devout Greeks are urgently invited to come and witness the holy liturgy performed by the learned hierarch of the mother Ciiurch
The Council
Ill c
Salonika, July 11, 1931,
UKiii^'K.
?•
Tne Most Rev, Athenagoras, Archbishop, presided over the meeting of the representatives of all the Greek churches in uhicago. rhe meeting, as was heralded, took place June 30th, at the La 5alle hotel, and was marked by gratifying results. This historical council was cunrprised of representatives of all Greek communities of uhicago.
noly Trinity, represented by LiiiGses i^. PmIIvos, iu i^icolatseas and ?. bougas; iiiVangelismos, by Christ Davlantis; bt. uonstantine by tim i^omicos; 5t» Ueorge by i^r. Glambourasj Assumption of Virgin Mary by i»i6ssrs. John Uoliopoulos, Limber is and Koklanis; St. Andrew by Messrs* Paul Demos, John Papas and Kotsonis; bt. Basil by Messrs. Petropoulus, Ar. Tsekoures and J. Agriostathis; and St. iNicholas by Messrs, S. Kotakis, P. Tseronis, Lucas and Tsirat sills. John Agriostathis acted as becretary.
-2-
III C
(JKiusiK
f
•■1 ^
Salonikit ^iuly 11, 1931, p. 1
The prelate of the Greek church as a true hierarch elucidated the traditions of the Greek orthodox uhurch and of the Greek race« he further brought out for the clarification of the councils, that the traditional system of the Greek church is dependent upon the sincere cooperation of the laity v/ith the clergy and vice versa, rhis system is in contra-opposition to the Catholic church, which leaves every- thing to the clergy.
^ie further added, that it is absolutely necessary for all christians to become charter members of their respective communities, by doing so, the communities would be able to fulfill the duty of their delegation, and they would be strengthened financially in maintaining the Greek schools. The mission of the church is not only religious, but also nationalistic. j?'rom the standpoint of the Greek conception the Greek church is regarded as the undivided and inseparable exemplification of religion, language emd nationalism.
-3- III C
GfKdiiliK
Saloniki. July 11, 1931
The Ureek language is a necessary prerequisite to maintain and perpetuate faith and nationalism.
iTie Archbishop, in terminating his speech, made the following suggestions
1st, iiimitation and restriction of uhurches.
2nd# iaaintenance of all uhurches with a definite zoning of parishes.
3rd. Division of ohica^^o in to three parishes.
4th. jjorination of one community.
The Archbishop's suggestions were debated by the united councils of the uhurches, and they resolved the followingi
A) ITne formation of a lasting central committee comprised of eight members and headed by the Archbishop. This committee would define and supervise the affairs of all the Greek uhurches in uhicago.
B) All the churches were to be ixiaintained, each uhurch to exercise its own individual functions within its parish zone, in case one ohurch wished to be amalgamated with a neighboring Uhurch it could do so with a free conscience.
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Salonikit July 11, 1931 ./
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These resolutions were to be ratified by the united councils of the comDiunities at the general Congress of the churches*
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Chicago Greek Daily, July 7, 1931.
THE CENi'RUi COMJ.aHTITY
According to the decision taken by the historic meetin^j of the communities of our colony, in which our communal -oroblem was settled, a Central Committee is being laxinched in which all communities of our colony in Chicago are to be represented under the presidency of the Archbishop.
This Central Committee is to be the Central Community, so to sioeak, and is to be utilized as the uniting link of our whole comrnimal action* So gradually will be evolved a single comm^onity of Chicago without offense to the independence and separate existence of the various communities. To use a more vivid expression, it will partake of the nature of the Congress of the United States, to which the representatives of the several States go to disci^ss and decide about matters concerning all the States.
3y this we mean to convey an idea of the importance which we attribute to the purpose and the mission of this Central Committee, and of how much we expect from it for the progress of the great Greek settlement of Chicago.
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Chicago Greek Daily, July 7, 1931. ^H^,-^"'
We attriliute so much importance to this Central Committee because it is in itself the beginning of the cooperation of all communities, a thing un- usual for us Greeks, who do not realize as yet the possible advantages of cooperation and mutu.^1 understanding;. V/e still keep on believing that by working alone each one '^o^ himself can make better headway, whereas in times like these big combinations and unions are the only systems by which vast undertakings are coraT^leted, and various purposes are accomr)lished.
For these reasons do we attach such importance to the formation of this Central Committee. . . •
Unfortunately, as things ia our community stand to-day, no far-reciching decisions can be considered now. On account of long-continued dissension mutual confidence has been shaken, and the spirit of cooperation has vanished.
It was, consequently, imperative to have the foundation of coo-oeration first laid down, and we have full confidence that the Central Committee will accomplish, with the consent of all concerned, things that cannot even be discussed now.
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Chicaffl Greek Daily, July 7, 1931.
ij^
The decision taken in regard to placing the responsibility of the presidency of the Committee on the Archbishop was best. It offers us the serious cooperation of all communities, whose supreme coordinator will be the Archbishop, owing to his position ana title, and thus the cooperation of clergy and laymen is assured, something which is needed, and the lack of which is greatly felt for the regtilar, normal function- ing of our communal organizations. And it is so much better to have Father Athena^^-oras as Archbishop, who by his actions so far has shown us thr.t he fully understands the needs of our colony and is animated by the best intentions for our communal reorganization, and most important of all, he diagnoses perfectly the character of the Greeks of America.
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Chicago Greek Daily, June 22, 1931. ■.
PATRIARCH PHOTIOS TO THE GREEKS OF ATvIEKICA
THE ARCHDIOCESE HAS SENT US THE FOLLOWING TELEGRAiMS OF HIS HOLINESS, THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH
p. 1- After the veneration and devotion expressed by t*he pious congregation of the Archdiocese in the Easter Holidays His Divine Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch has sent the following telegram:
Archbishop Athenagoras, Astoria, N. Y.
V/e express warmest thanksgivings. Convey Church benediction to entire congregation.
Patriarch Photios.
At the beginning of the work of the committees on the special rules as provided by the constitution of the Archdiocese of America, the Ivlost Reverend Archbishop of America submitted to His Divine Holiness the following telegram:
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&RSEK
Chicago Greek Daily. J\ine 22, 1931.
Ecumenical Patriarch Photios, Phanarion, Constatntinople.
Committees having begun to-day to formulate special rules devoutly seek benediction of great Mother Church for the success of their work.
Athenagoras of America. To this His Divine Holiness replied by telegraph as follows:
Archbishop Athenagoras, Astoria, N. Y.
May the Lord let the work of the committees prosper. Blessings of Mother Church Topon all.
Patriarch Photios.
Ill c I A 2 a
GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, June 22, 1931.
WHAT THE ARCHBISHOP SAYS ABOITP THE REORv>AinZATION OF OUR COUNTRY
Greek Chicago, at last, has got within its own fold its ecclesiastical leader, and in sr^ite of the fact that for reasons unknovm his arrival has been kept secret by the priests and the presidents of the community, who composed the recer)tion committee, our countrymen hastened as a body to express to him their reverence, visiting him at the Hotel La Salle, where he is staying and which is overflowing v;ith clergy and laymen from morning till late at night.
This time, Archbishop Athenagoras does not come to Chicago simply to see his flock ana leave, as he did on his first visit of a few days only, but to stay for a long time in our community and so to become intimately acquainted with Greek Chicago, in whose cooperation and patriotic feelings lie so many hopes.
"I shall stay long in Chicago," was the first information given to us,
"and from next week on, I shall have the work of our commui^al reconstruction
of this great colony started, with the cooperation of all communal leaaers
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GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Jxuie 22^ 1931
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I shall apprise you all of the preliminary work done in New York, and in a short time I will have a convention of all Greek communities in America called to have this work approved of by the whole Greek populace of America
"One of my first concerns is our school reorganization, and to this end conferences with teachers will be called, the first of which I shall hold this week in Chicago to lay down the oasis of our school reorganization, which is excellent at this moment, so as to have our schools operate on the basis of our new educational system on their opening.
"Concerning the community organization of Chicago, I wish to inform you that it will be done according to the neeas of the colony and in coopera- tion with the community councils. And in regard to the rumored closing of certain churches, the truth is that I have only heard opinions and have expressed no opinion of mine upon it. On the other hand, it is use- less to assure you that these questions I consider to be of a ourely community n<^ture, and consequently it would be impossible for me to de- cide single-handed without the consent of the factors involved in the community.
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ChlCcigo Greek Daily, June 22, 1931.
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- "Nor am I thinking of goin^ a single iota astray from the administrative system of our Orthodox Church, which has proved to be the most perfect. For the Protestant churches, on one hand, caused the clergy to recede from administrative functions, and the Catholic churches, on the other, caused the laymen to draw back, while the Orthodox Church has the mixed system of cooperation of clergy and laymen.
- "These facts are what I had to state concerning all that has been published re: thoughts exchanged with the clergy of Chicago, and I ask you in addition kindly to announce that I desire, above all, to hear the opinions of all for the reorganization of the great Greek colony of Chicago, whose patriotic feelings I have known from afar and have per- ceived at close q\iarters
It
This conversation with the Right Reverend Archbishop we considered it our duty to Toublish in order to make it known to all that only with the cooperation of the people will the Archbishop take up all matters of our community as well as of all Greek communities of America, and on the cooperation of the people he is basing all his hopes for the school and commiinity reorganization of the Greek people of America.
UKUUJ^K
Salonika., June 20, 1931, p. 1
ARCnBISHOP ATKS.JAGORAS 1:^ (JHIUAGO
Archbishop Athenagoras, in whose jurisdiction all the Cxreek churches in r^orth and oouth America belong, arrived in Chicago, last Thursday, emd will reiaain with us a number of days«
At 6 P« M# , today , the Archbishop will of i icate at the vespur of the Evangelisraos and will be assisted by all the Greek clergy of Ohicago.
Owing to the presence of ths prelate the traditional bread- cutting of the Cireek ladies society, Solon, will take place.
Tomorrow, Sunday, the Archbishop will be present at the holy liturgy of this church*
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&REEg Chicago Oreek Daily, Jione 9, 1931. -5
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IV
THE REVIVAL OF. THE BYZAIWIINE SPIRIT BY THE
GREEKS OP CHICAGO ':^
ANCIENT IKONS ADORN THE INTERIOR OP THE CHURCH OP ^^'
THE ANNUNCIATION ^
p. 6- The polyglot quarters of the community of Chicago are on the road to the revival of the fine arts. This time it is the beauties of ancient Byzantium, the civilization of which flourished more th£ui seven centuries ago.
The Greeks of Chicago, who not many years ago were employed as fruit- vendors or section-hands, or who entered business as proprietors of restaurstnts or of confectioneries, settled in groups in the areas surrounding Greek churches; in particular, around the Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary, which is situated on the near North Side only a few minutes away from the Loop and only a few steps away from the exclusive and well-known "Gold Coast."
- 2 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, June 9, 1931 •
This church is located at 1019 North La Salle Street. The edifice ranks as the truest example of Byzsuitine architecture in the United States, but to the Greek citizen of Chicago it represents the nucleus of a cultural revival seeking as its goal the lure of the colorful, the weird, the paradoxical, and the \musual*
A three-hour mass is conducted at this chtirch every Sunday in a marvelous environment of Byzantine splendor which has been preserved by tradition to the present day, \ininfluenced by this age of modernization.
There is hieratical dress of stiffly embroidered and jeweled vestments, enameled ikons, decorations of gold and mosaic, lioxurious Russian chandeliers, €ind long, semi-circular windows that seem to await the arrival of some saint to occupy their vacant spaces of white glass • In the center of the church is a large dome supported by smaller domes, the weight of which rests upon columns with incongniously placed Corinthian capitals*
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Chicago Greek Daily» June 9, 1931.
The choir sings Byzantine hymns centuries old* Summed up In its entirety, it forms a ceremony full of pomp and beauty, reminiscent of the courtly days of £Uicient Byzantium, the time of Theodora and Pogonotas*
All this beauty has been transplanted to a busy city thoroughfare where the shrieks of thousands of automobile-horns occasionally interrupt the peaceful enjoyment of the Byzantine liturgy*
This pomp is not meant to arouse the enthusiasm of those present; it is merely to seirve as background for the scenic drstma of worship.
The great interest in Byzantine art which has recently been manifested has brought to light an ancient Byzantine ikon which is described as of the three-portal style, each portal eight by ten inches in size.
Mr. Daniel Rich of the Chicago Art Institute, who is an eminent authority on the history of painting, has estimated that this ikon is more than seven hiindred years old, a work of the thirteenth century A.D.
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. 4 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Juae 9, 1931. ViPA (IlU FRI^^i ^CZv
Among photographs of noted pugilists, pairs of boxing-gloves, pictures of famous baseball-players, and other trophies and samples of this fast- moving modern generation this small sacred object was foxind hanging on the wall of the modest twenty-dollar-a-month dwelling of an aged couple, Mr. and Mrs. George Galineas, who reside at 620 South Halsted Street.
In this house with its uncontrolled and unpleasant atmospheric conditions the ancient ikon had suffered physical deterioration and was almost totally ruined.
The ikon is a family heirloom which was brought to America by the aged couple seventeen years ago* According to statements made by the elderly woman, Mrs. Sophia Galineas, it is an old relic with a history of miracles dating as far back as the beginning of the Bourbon dynasty.
Elch tones of scarlet and chestnut, dominated by the brighter shade of gold, are blended into a multicolored scheme of exquisite beauty and emotional appeal.
- 5 - &REEK
Chicago Greek Daily, June 9, 1931.
In the center of the ikon is the Madonna, portrayed as a proud but pensive figure* The Mother of God is here majestically and impressively represented, not in the pompous style of recent centuries but in the primitive manner. The Holy Child is patterned after the early Christian conception of how the infant God sho\ild appear.
Above the Madonna are the figures which represent the Holy Trinity. The ■ Father, who is not easily distinguishable, is on the rigjit; the Son is on the left; and the Holy Ghost, symbolized by the dove, is in the center. I This arrangement is in accordance with the religious tradition of the Greek Orthodox Church.
On each of the portals are figures of bearded saints, who are all pictured in their holy vestments and have halos over their heads. Authorities have not as yet been able to identify the names of these saints*
The ikon was entirely plated with gold leaf, but this is gradually dis- appearing, destroying the original splendor of the relic but adding a new splendor - the splendor of time.
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Chicago Greek Daily, Jixne 9, 1931.
Twenty-five years ago George Stefanos, an eminent Greek archaeologist in Athens and one of the foremost authorities on ByzaJitine ikons in Greece, ^ offered to purchase this ancient work of art from the Galineas household ^^. for a s\xm equivalent to three thousand dollars, but "because of the senti- p ment attached to it auid its supposedly miraculous powers, tales of which have been transmitted from generation to generation, the master of the "^ house rejected Stefanos's offer.
The revival of interest in the Byzantine era which has been manifested by members of the Greek community of Chicago since the recent organization of the Byzantine Chorus has brought to public view numerous other relics. Gospels bound in silver studded with brilliant stones and brought to this coiantry from Mount Athos, the holy mountain on trtiich no female human being or female animal is permitted to exist because of an old monastic edict, are the prot)erty of the Church of the Annunciation.
The religious images, which are of wood intricately hand-carved, are also im^oorted from Mount Athos. The top of the temple, which is entirely of carved wood and serves as a frame for the twelve Stations of the Cross,
o
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Chicago Sreek Daily, Jiine 9, 1931 •
was ordered from Greece when the church was under construction some
twenty years ago« ;!-
An altar-piece which measures six hy four feet, embroidered in gold, '^ relief half an inch thick on a background of deep red velvet, is one £ of the most striking and elaborate possessions of the church. €x
8>^
The richly embroidered and enameled figures of this altar-piece represent Joseph placing the body of Jesus in the grave.
Its compositional form is the same as that of the early Christian sarcophage, on which eight figures are carved in bas-relief. Figures of angels, of the Iviadonna, and of disciples of Jesus are pictured stajiding reverently as Joseph is about to anoint the immaculate body of the Son of Man in aromatic spices. The figures of the Virgin Mary and of Jesus wear halos, which are studded with stones of various hues, adding brilliancy to the composition, i'he body of Jesus is shown inclined. His enameled nude fugure is in direct contrast to the rich color of the go Id- embroidered patterns of the general design. The altar-cloth is edged with embroidery of the style of the ninth century A.D.
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Chicago Greek Daily, June 9, 1931.
One of the examples of the recent revival of the Byzantine spirit among ^ the Greeks of Chicago is the work done by the well-known singer, Mr. D. Papa^eorge, who has transcri'oed the entire musical text of the liturgy into the \iniversal modem notation and has also organized the Byzantine Chorus, composed of young Greek singers who render Byzantine hymns under his direction* This has created quite an interest among the parishioners of ^ Chicago Greek churches, who are daily unearthing Byzantine relics, their family heirlooms.
Every Sunday the imposing liturgy of the Church of the Annunciation is recited. The congregation watches intently the progress of the elaborate function. The candles are extinguished; the doors of the altar are opened; other doors are closed; the priest kisses the Holy Gospel, crosses his forehead, his lips, and his breast; the swaying censer fills the air with aromatic smoke; color and melody enliven the service; one procession follows another, and the ceremonial is significant and effective*
This is indeed a kaleidoscopic panorama - for the senses. The soul is another matter and is dealt with by the priest in his sermon.
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Chicago Greek Daily, L!ay 23, I93I
CHURCH ..HD PARISH (Editorial)
GRE£K
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P«l~In connection with the articles that we have already published on the ^ subject of the clergy's attenrpt to assume absolute authority we deem it 2 proper to define the terms parish and church for the sake of those who do ^ not thoroughly understand their meaning and of those who are misled because others have given them the wrong conception of the terms •
There are many who unwittingly confuse the two terms, and there are also those who purposely misinterpret their meaning to the masses, asserting that it is the duty of the clergy to conduct the affairs of the church and that laymen have no authority to engage in matters pertaining to the church.
We therefore believe that it is absolutely necessary to define the terms relating to the church. Our first step v/ill be to make the distinction
o
III C - 2 - GRLSK
Chicago Greek Dally » May 23, 1931 •
"between temple and church. Ordinarily, v/hen v/e speak of the "Holy Trinity
Church" or the "St. Constantine' s Church" we mean the temple of the Koly ^
Trinity or of St. Constantine, that is, the structure* The Church as a p:
discipline or an organization, the affairs of the Church, the church author- 17
ItieSf and the clergy of the Church have no relation whatsoever with the ^
term church used in the sense of the t6ii5)le, the structure, which is also S
called church. For in ancient times the v.ord church meant a forum or a lo place of congregation In which political matters were discussed somewhat as they are discussed in the assemblies or parliaments of our day.
The present definition of Church (capitalized in English) is discipline or divine worship; it also means an organization* 'Yhen we speak of the Ortho- dox Church we do not mean the temple or structure, and the head of the Church is not the head of the church structure. For instance, the head of the St. Basil •s Church has no connection whatsoever with the church struc- ture, properties, or administration. He may have some relationship with the spirit of St. Basil in the way of co.rjnuning spiritually with this Saint or of interpreting his doctrines or of conducting the litanies of St. Basil. It is right and proper for him to perform these functions, for they fall
Ill C - 3 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Dally » May 23, 1931*
undor his ecclesiastical Jurlsdlctlorif but with the structure of St. Basll«s Church or the financial affairs of St. Basil's parish this officer of the Church has no right to Interfere, and church functionaries in general do not Interfere In these matters, which fall under the Jurisdiction of the parish.
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The parish, on the other hand, is a congregation composed of the laity, with Its schools, orphanages, and churches, that is, its church structures in- e^ eluding both chattel and real property. All these comprise the property of the parish. The members of the parish are those who contribute funds to support the various parish enterprises. The parish assumes the respon- sibility of selecting the proper physicians for its hospitals, the faculty of its schools, and the proper functionaries for its churches or temples. Just as the parish has no right to intervene in the duties of the physlclanst the facultyt or the church functionaries, so none of these persons has the right to meddle in matters which are under the Jurisdiction of the parish.
These matters are so clearly defined and so well established that we are amazed at the boldness of a certain clergyman in even harboring in his mind
Ill C - 4 . GR5SK
Chicago Greek Daily, May 23, 1931 •
the idea of subverting an order of things so solidly established, not to speak of going so far as to alter the order of the Greek Orthodox Churchf which for centuries has upheld the principle set forth in the words of the Lord, "Render unto Caesar that v/hich is Caesar's and unto God that v;hich is God's." Nov/here in history do we find the account of a Greek parish which was governed by the clergy.
CD
Most important of all, hov/ever, in the fact that this particular clergyman ^^-'^ was successful in influencing even the wisest and most intelligent Greek citizens of our community, who of course were unav/are of the real state of affairs, to yield to his most preposterous and entirely senseless sugges- tions and plans. This fact seems the more astounding when we realize that this very same clergyman for many years was responsible for our continued ecclesiastical disunion by reason of his efforts to bring about the abso- lute authority of the clergy and rule jointly with philaretos, whom he made a bishop and directed as he pleased, over the disintegrated Greek Church, i^nother fact which also seems astounding is that this clergyman was success- ful in influencing the board of directors of St. Basil's Church to elect as
III-^ ' 5 - GRai:K
Chicago Greek Dally. May 23, I93I. WPA (ILL.; ^'w: aui/|
Its chairman the Archbishop himself and by so doing to confuse the business of the Church with that of the parish I
Only under a Bolshevik regime do v/e find the clergy dominating the parish and the worker controlling the factory* if this well-known clergyman has become a Bolshevik and is desirous of having the Church adhere to his Bol- shevik administration* all is well, but this poor silly creature must learn that in a well-established and well-regulated state there is no room for Bolshevik principles, for as the Bible says, nio man can have two masters; ye cannot serve God and Mammon." Our Church has no desire to introduce a Bolshevik administration, nor does it wish to be involved in the real-estate business, for this business is the parish's affair, and this clergyman had better refrain from meddling in it. The philaretic period, when Bishop Philaretos was in power, and v/hen our beloved parson entered the real-estate business by being influential in the purchase of the structure of St. Basil's Church and of the cemetery, is a thing of the past. In "che present nev/ state of affairs we earnestly hope (and we have not the slightest doubt
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Ill C - 6 - GRHiH^K
Chicago Greek Dallyt May 23, 1931 •
^- that our hope will ce fulfilled) that the things and the persons responsible >^ for the chaotic condition of our Church v/ill be put in their proper places* ^ ViTe have absolute confidence that our prediction will come true. £7
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S* Kotakis. £
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Salonikl. ::ay l6, I93I.
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Cn May 21, the Churches of rt, Constantire and :;t. Helen will nold i, c«lebrution of its anniversarv.
Cn the eve of the anniversary u "bread-cuttin^f " mass v/ill "be helc "by tne Rev, ]'.^'' petrakis, iiead-priest of the church, assisted by t:ie t^.'IV. ". Toc irounarcis, lev. Hadjidimitriou, Rev. Daniel Golemls, Rev. Aver. Remacopoulou, '-^ev. Nicholas Xesses, Rev. Constantine Papanicolaou, Rev. Arcsdios, Rev. Jo ui "^o^^rr^fos, R^^v.Pail. ^'azo- copakis, and Rev. Dionysios Takelariou.
Cn the duy of the anniver:.ary the ceremonial :;ias. v/ill be officiate] b-' zaj ^ev. x^etruxcis, Rev. Zo^r-ufos, I^ev. ::azocopakis, Rev. Kesses, aid Rev. ^'avrilis.
The pious Greeks of Cicu^_c and t..e suburbs are invited to ;.articl--^te in tai: brilliant and :aa^- :iif icent ceremony, and i^ive tne tax for tneir faita' ?3nd dt^voticn
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Calonikit May 16, I93I.
to God, and in honor and reverence of ; t.Conotantine and ^t. Helen, patron saints.
The floral decorations of tae church, v/hicli, according to prepared plans of the ladies' society. It. -elen, v;ho are in charge of the ceremonial jjro^ram, '.yill be unequalled in splendor and color.
Tne ladies' society, "t. Helen, v/ill co-celebrato taeir "breua-cuttii.^" ritos .vitn the anniversary of the church, and the proceeds v/Lll be utilizer for needy f'^iuilies and for other hu: laniturian pjrpose^.
Office of t:ie church.
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Chicago Greek Daily, May 14, 1931.
THE TASK OF REORGANIZATION
GREEK
(Editorial) ^
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p. 1- ihe solution of o\ir church problem and the \inion of the Greeks in America under one ecclesiastical authority have depended largely upon the orgajiization of Hellenism in the United States - a task heretofore ^ impracticable without the existence of a sole ecclesiastical authority.
But now the happy moment of the realization of \mity among the Greek churches has finally arrived, ana the entire Hellenism of America has been subjected to one ecclesiastical authority, through which it expects to enjoy unity and organization.
Indeed, the task of reorganization and of reestablishing matters in their former status is not a simple one, and we are not inclined to believe that thro\agh the touch of a magic wand or the rubbing of Aladdin's lamp matters will tindergo a metamorphosis and be restored as they were. On
- 2 - &REEK
Chicago C^reek Daily, May 14, 1931.
the contrary, the task of reconstruction and of rehabilitation will be gigantic, and it will be a long tirae before the act of reorganization becomes a reality, ana the ruins which were left behind by the collapse :^ and disintegration of the Greek Church are resxiored*
o
We are well aware thai& the catastrophe was so devastating that Archbishop o
Athenagoras has to labor diligently to restore order, and because of this .i^
we believe that it is the duty of the members of all the Greek parishes S
throu^out the United States to collaborate with him so as to lighten his ^ great task of restoring and reorganizing Greek-American religious communi- ties*
ihe greait forward step toward recognition of one ecclesiastical authority and obedience to it was act\iated by the patriarchal exarch, Mr. Damaskinos, and all the obstacles and barriers that woi:ld have confronted our new ecclesiastical leader upon his arrival here were dealt with in such fashion by the exarch that when Mr. Athenagoras arriven in America, he found all the parishes and their priests united and under his ecclesiastical Juris- diction*
. 3 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, May 14. 1931*
In other words, our ecclesiastical problem had already been solved, and the Greeks in America had already unanimously recognized the new status of the Greek Church.
f~'
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All that the Archbishop had to do was to acquaint himself with the new ecclesiastical state of affairs and to begin the task of reorganization. ^x^ After I/ir. Athenagoras's arrival we became convinced that the way for him to get an accurate conception of the condition of the Greek Church and to orient himself in the present state of affairs was to visit, in person, the various Greek coimnunities of America and acquaint himself intimately ^ with persons and facts so that he might himself gain a clear idea of conditions and not depend on other sources and cheuanels for his knowledge.
Since then, however, we have been delighted to observe that the Archbishop did find occasion to visit various Greek communities and to reach even our own community, Chicago; and in spite of the fact that his visit to us was very brief, he learned much concerning us, and he now has a clear picture of the present status of the community affairs of the Greeks in America.
- 4 - GREEK
Chicago C^reek .Daily, r^y 14, 1931.
We believe that it is time to begin the work of reorganization, and there ^
is no doubt that the Most Reverend Archbishop Athenagoras has already 5
drawn up -olans along these lines, ana that the Sreeks in America are r^
impatiently waiting to see these plans materialize. f^
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Chicago, at any rate, is anxiously waiting for Mr. Athenagoras 's arrival, for he has given his promise that he will be here about the early part of May to \indertake the task of reorganizing the parishes of one of the S largest (xreek communities in the United States. His presence in this -^ city is imperatively required, for it is time for our nxxmerous unsettled affairs to be put in order.
inhere is not a particle of doubt that Mr. Athenagoras will keep his promise t;o our community and we wish to assure him that the Greek community of Chicago is anxiously waiting for his prompt arrival in this city so that he may by his illustrious instruction and guidance aid the community in settling its problems.
S. Kotakis.
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Chicago Greek Dally. May 12, 1931.
TH3 CONFERENCE R3: MMTBRS OP OUR COivC»IUNITIES
p. 1- In response to an invitation of the community "Assiimption of the Virgin Wary," the first conference, took place on the day before yester- day, in which the several communities and many eminent members partici- pated.
The result of the conference was the election of a committee to formu- late the plan of our comm\anal organization. This will be the basis of the discussion of our communities with Archbishop Athenagoras.
We have repeatedly pointed out that if the general plan from all communities does not come forth, and a common iinderstanding among all on general lines is not reached, the discussions with the Archbishop are doomed to failure in advance, as were those with the Legate, despite all the good will displayed for the settlement of our communal matters.
Having just that precedent in view, we have tried in everything that we have written so far to pave the way to an understanding, and we are very glad that the community "Assumption of Virgin Mary" took the initiative
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GRmEK
Chicago Sreek Daily, May 12, 1931.
by calling into conference the various communities, and that so the work has been started of bringing about a discussion of our communal organiza- tion*
It would be sad indeed for such a community as that of Chicago not to be able to present by itself its views and submit matters to the Archbishop, who, time and again, has been invited, and now is waiting to effect our community organization with our help. It would be sad not to be able to present to him certain ideas, expecting him to regulate our communal affairs, believing, as many unfortunately do, that the Archbishop is the only one competent to decide about the affairs of communities all over, the latter having no opinion and no voice in them.
But those who believe this do not know that the Archbishop does not assume such responsibilities, nor is it possible for him to know what is going on in the various communities, nor has he the power to set things right by a magic rod if the respective bodies do not submit to him the prevailing opinions and acquaint him properly with the situation.
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GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily » May 12, 1931.
Unfortunately, however, it so happens that many of our communal officials do not know the situation well enough and look at things from their own narrow viewpoint and that of their own church and consequently are afraid of cooperation. Furthermore, in having worked singly and against one another through many years of separation, they are afraid that cooperation perhaps will bring about injury to the interests of their community. These fears are totally unjustified, and they are caused by their ignorance in not knowing that cooperation could not but be for the common good, and that the profits thereof will be profits for their own church.
But that these things may be realized, it is necessary to have an under- standing and an exchange of opinions, and from such a discussion they may all be sure that they will reach definite conclusions which will solve many errors heretofore prevailing, and that a common opinion will be formed about the manner of organization of our comm\xnity.
There is no doubt that a few conflicting opinions would spring up, but that does not mean that we should not get any result at all. lie shall bene*
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Chicago Greek Daily, May 12, 1931.
fit first from the matters upon which an agreement will be formed, and the other points will be submitted to the Archbishop's mediation.
And that is exactly the beneficial service of the Archbishop in regard to our communal affairs, for which we must be grateful to him.
From this viewpoint, therefore, we consider it a happy event that this work has been started in our community, and we offer our congratulations to the community "Assumption of Virgin Mary" for its initiative as well as all those who hastened to offer their cooperation in the conference that took place.
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Galonlki, May 9, 1931*
RUIL.L FROLIC.
The community of nt. Constantine Church has rented the park, Polcnia Grove, 46OC Archer Avenue for the holding of its annual picnic on August I6.
Ill c
GREEK
IV
Chicago Greek Dally, May 7, 1931.
WPA (!LLJ PROJ, 30275
NOTICE
p. 2- The executive council of Asstiraption of the Virgin Mary community wishes to annoxmce to the Greeks of Chicago and especially to those who attend this particular chvirch that the erection of a new church is planned on the lot owned by the community where the present church stands. The council begs them not to pay any attention to groundless nimors that the community is hampered in its endeavor by court complications.
The community has never, from the time of its establishment up to this moment, had any court contest, no individual or establishment has any legal right to hinder the work of building the church and the school, as will shortly be proved.
Executive Council, By John Coliopotdos, President*
* ~* ' ' ' y^^mr^Mifmi^mm^^^mtfmmmBrmmm
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GEEBK
Chica;5;o Sreek Daily. May 5. 1931
rc\
':tjr
p. 1
COOPEHATIOi: ANJ mmSiiSTMDIiM(} IS FiilCESSARY
We 3X6 certainly going to insist on the demr-nd that the Archbishop come to Chicago so that he may help us settle our community mr.}tters. But ivhat preparations have we towards tlaat ohjective ourselves? So far, there is no understanding snd no program laid out hy the Commiinities to he discussed with Mr, Athenagoras upon his arrival.
Apparently, everybody is expecting ivlr. Athenagoras to settle our pending ques- tions hy magic, without knowing anything ahout the points in question. i^^aJiy, perhaps, may think that if each community ^resents him with their problems, he would say "presto" and all their problems would be solved.
But this is exactly the big mistake they committed when Legate Damaskenos was here and we are afraid th-^t they will repeat. This repetition we shall try to avoid by urging the officials of the communities to come together as soon as possible in order to lay out the -orogram and plans for the organization of our community.
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aHEEK
Chicg.^:o G-reek Daily. Hay '^^ 1931
. o
To believe that the Archbishop will solve our pending com^nunity, natters slone is an error that must be overcome before his arrival. If we do not lay out our plans and come to a comnon understanding as to our communal orgajiization, the Archbishop will find himself confronted with un surmount able difficulties. It is our dity to help relieve him of such aJi imposition.
With the old ecclesiastical regi^ie, which kept us divided, there was no possi- bility of coming to ^n understanding, because the non-recognition of the then existing authority by the majority of the ^hica^o parishes.
Now, however, ?'hen there is no division, the parishes, being under one author- ity, understanding and cooperation among them is imperative and the various communal paragons ought to come together as soon as oossible and propose of effective measures, for thje re-organization and progress of this great com- munity of ^-ellenism.in America.
It must be understood, at last, that only by cooperation can we get any^vhere. One-sided activity and narrow mindedness must cease and broad mindedness in thought and conception of things must orevail. It must be understood above
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ORJIEK
Chica,g:o Greek Daily. May 5, I93I
all that only "by cooperation and common action can the interests of the in- dividual comm-onity "be served.
It is an imperative necessity, therefore, for the officials of the different comrniinities to get together "before the arrival of the Archtishop, "because it is the only way they will hasten the re-organization of our community and facilitate the work of the ^ight Rev. Athenagoras.
Sp. Kotakis.
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(Summary)
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CHICAGO GREEK DAILY, May 5, 1931
St, Nickolas Community Dance.
p. 2, The fast advancing coram-onity of St. Nickolas gave its annual dance last Friday nigjht, which affair was crowned with great success, thanks to the indefatigable efforts of its Executive Council and Father Daniel Gavril. We may justly say that Father Fravil, since the establishment of the community, has lahored unceasingly for its progress.
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CSBEISE
Chicago Greek Dally. Apr. 25, 1931
Assumption oommdnity danc^
Sixth Dance of the Conmnmity, Asstunption of the Virgin Mary, Siinday May Sth, 8 P.M. Masonic Temple, 3951 ^ilcox Street.
There will be Greek and European dances.
-1 m. 2;
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ChicaCT Greek Daily. April 21, 1931
p. 7
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IK Omi CPrUKCHES
We have had another occasion to censor those priests who are using, without sufficient reason, the English language in the performance of the Sacrajiients. A priest went as far as to have not only the English language used in a cere- mony of marriage, "but even to eliminate the use of "Stephana,'*
Althou^ we do not desire to scratch open old wounds, we are comT)elled to re- mind the same priest, that it is a"bout time to cast off his old hahits and let the English language alone, the more so, since he is not acquainted with it.
'tie have "been motivated to record the atoove facts on a.ccount of a marriage that took place, last Sunday, and in which there were three priests, who de- livered speeches, the last speaking in English "before an audience purely Greek and within the v;alls of a Greek Church.
The Greeks speak and hear the English language everywhere, and the only chance they have to speak and hear Greek, is in our homes and churches. If, therefore, we do not give them this chance to hear Greek spoken, then in
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(JHEEK
I?. » i
Chicai^o Greek Daily. April 21, 1931
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whpt maTxner are we to preserve our lan^s'ua/^e'^' The priests must be the first ones to set the example for the preserv/^tion of our larij^uage instead of them- selves substituting English for G-reek.
Let us hope, hov/ever, that the new ecclesiastical regime will place many things whf^re they belong, and that they will also do something about the priests who do not want to behave.
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ORSSK
CHICA(X) OIIBEK DAILY. April IS, 1931
Our Communal Matters
p. I.
Let us Not Expect Everything From the Archbishop.
oith the solution of our Church communities under one ecclesiastical authority in America, it is atout time to take up the job of readjusting our communities. The Ecclesiastical Regime, eliminated, has left behind so much havoc as to re- quire from us much time and labor to straighten out the affairs of the communi- ties.
We must, in the first place, understand that we should not expect this to be done by the Archbishop, alone. Each community must work separately to strain- ten out its communal affairs, and must ask the intervention of the chtirch author- ity only in such a case as that, in which the local paragons would not be able to settle their differences. The Archbishop, in other words, will be the media- tor of such matters upon which differences of opinion may arise, and his decis- ion must be respected by all. V/e know our affairs better than anybody else and it is our duty to acquaint the Archbishop with them.
•
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CHICAGO aRE-J:K DAILY, April 18, I93I
What we mean to say is that we must not expect the Archbishop to remove as "by a magic touch, the havoc that held sway for a decade, while v/e taice a back seat and cross our hands and maybe our fingers. Let us start setting the example right here in Chicago, where Mr. Mhenagoras will come shortly; let us ask the different executive counsels of the communities: What preparatory work they have done, so far, for the solution of our communal problems?
The Subdivision Into Parishes.
The idea was brou^t up of determining the boundaries of every community, and the subdivision of Chicago into parishes. In an off-hand discussion, with the Archbishop, on his arrival, and with the priests of the different communities and their representatives, the idea was accepted in principle. But, has there been any serious study upon this most important matter? Or should we wait for the Archbishop to come and define for us the boundaries of our parishes? We emphasize this matter in particular, because it will be the first matter, per- haps, that would come up for discussion when the Legate arrives ant it is the duty of every comm\anity to study it, in advance, and not wait for .the last moment to think about it.
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CHICAGO &RESK DAILY. April 18, 193I The Unification of the ComTiunities.
In addition, there is one more important question that concerns the community of Chicago, and that is, the unification, or merging of some communities. We do not mean the closing up of churches, as we have dealt with this question, often, and we repeat, today, that for the present, at least, no discussion whatever is necessary on the subject of the closing of the church A or the church B. It is certain that such a matter presents many reefs and, we must, by all means, avoid it for the present in order that we may achieve the Solu- tion of more important and urgent matters.
But, regardless of the question of the closing of any of the churches, the immediate necessity of merging some communities comes up, and specifically, the merging of the Holy Trinity Church with St. Basil Ch\irch and that of St. Oeorge Church with the Church of the Annunciation.
We mention the above communities because the question of determining the bound- ary lines of the parishes, most certainly will present us with many difficulties. On the other hand, economic reasons dictate the unification of the above Communi- ties andL especially the ch\irches of the '//est Side Community, i.e. St. Basil
A" GREEK
CHICAGO GREEK DAILY. April Ig, I93I \>^,.
Church and Holy Trinity Ch\irch.
The Matter of St. Nickolas Church.
Another matter eq\ially important, which concerns, in the main, the community of the Holy Trinity Church and that of St. Nickolas Church is the separation of the two communities of these churches. This matter was taken up repeated- ly in their meetings by the members of Holy Trinity and a final decision was to be taken in their general meeting, Uay 3rd. This matter must be settled before the arrival of the Archbishop. The idea of separating St. Nickolas from the West section is the only correct and natural one. The community of Holy Trinity Church has no reason, any longer, to maintain a church on the South Side where St. Nickolas Church is located.
During the time of church dissension a mistake was made as a retaliation for * the buying of St. Basil by the former Bishop Philaretos. To buy St. Nickolas today, with church unity achieved, is no good reason for thf. community Holy Trinity to have one more church out of its boundaries on the South Side of Chicago.
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CKICAGO GREEK DAILY, April 18, I93I
% ^^PA 01
This mistake has "been of enou^ expense to Holy Trinity and it is time to have things in their ri^tfiil place. Inasmuch as the merged community of St. Nicko- las has offered to buy this church, the Holy Trinity community should be obliged to sell it. To this we shall refer later.
Upon all these matters, the officials of the commxmities, today, ought to think seriously and form certain definite plane to be submitted to the judgment of the Archbishop. The Communities of Holy Trinity and St. Basil, certainly, must understand, v/ell, thfst their uniting into a corporation is an imperative act. It is to their interest, on the other hand, and sound judgement demands their good understanding before the Archbishop arrives. They should not leave the settling of the matters to him. Such an understanding for the merging of the two chiirches was hajd a month ago. It is good to go over this again, that they may understand that their merging is indispensable ajid bound to achieve pleas- ant results.
These questions, for the present, are what we considered our duty to suggest to the officials of our communities, and we do not doubt they will be taken
into consideration
(Full)
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Salonlki , Apr. 18, 1931.
••ELECTIONS OF ""SESK Gj^Nnin VTION'*
The election of new officers for the i^ew Generation, society of ureek maidens, took place last Thursday. The following of • icers were electedi Penelope Fetropoulus, i'resident; iwaria noida, Vice- irTesident; Stavroula Katradis, Treasurer; Uonstantina boula.izis, becretary. iilxecutive lioardt Chrysanthe Dilberakis, Vasiliki Batsakis, Aglaia Var alias, Athena Batsakis, Helen Bardavlia.
The new board decided to give a dance, ^^y 10th, at the Winderemere i!;a8t not el, 1S42 .^st 56th btreet.
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Saloniki, April 18, 1931, p. 5 WPA (ILL.) PRO] m^
DINCE OF ST. BASIL CHURCH
The Greeks of Chicago, and suburbs, are cordially invited to honor the fourth annual dance of tie church, bt, Basil, given at the bteuben Club, r4. ^* Corner aandolph and wells 5ts«
Uwing to the financial need of the church, we hope that all the communities will strive to mtike the dance a notable event •
From The Office.
GSEEK
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Chicago ar39k Dally. April 11, 1931.
p. !• Archbishop Atheneigoras , in leaving Chicago, asked us to express from the coliimns of this paper his thanks, to the fellow nationals of our Commtmity, for the ardent reception they rendered him. Mr, Athenagoroa expressed also, his admiration for the progress of the ^eeks of Chicago and their patriotic senti- ments.
(Pull)
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Salonikit Apr. 11, 1931, p. 5
GRSiiJK ARCHDI0CSS2 OF AI^IERICA
uhicago April 4, 1931.
To the Reverend Ulergy, and pious children of the Archdiouse in
Christ*
This year the church being united, and all being brothers in uhrist, we pray that our participation in the divine services of noly Week and ijiaster be accompanied by a general collection that should be taken for the iiicumenical Patriarchate of our Mother uhurch in uhrist* The pillar of Arthodoxy, owing to innumerable obligations in its universal activities for the welfare of the millions of christians who are under the scepter of its auspices, needs financial assistance to perpetuate its work in Uhrist.
Beloved children in uhrist, we know, and sympathize with, the present financial predicament of the world, and you as a part of the whole undoubtly did not escape that devouring fury of the calamity •
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aK.iii;K
Saloniki, Apr. 11, 1931, p, 5
We know, and pray to our bavlour in nis great mercy, to guide us to a better condition and st.nte of life.
in spite of your financial difficulties, and your every day struggle to keep body .nd soul together, the opportunity is given to you to renew your devotion to the iilcumonical Patriarchate. Here is the occasion for you to manifest all of your love and reverence for the Mother of Arthodoxy in uhrist by giving, accord- ing to your power, to her financial restoration and to inanifest also that you are standing by her side ready to defend her perpetu- ation.
•fhe Reverend Clergy will elucidate the appeal to you, and, with the cooperation of presidents of the communities, the collected sums should be forwarded to me at once.
Being assured of your devotion and love, i wish you the joy of iiiaster, and my blessing to you all.
America's Athenagoras*
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(xREEK
Chicago Greek: Daily, April 7, 19ol,
HOLY WEEK
p. 1«- Holy Week, or the week: of Lord's Passions, is in reality the week of the priests' passions.
i'he Lord suffered and was resurrected once, while the poor priests \indergo the same martyrdom every year, the martyrdom of wakefulness and fasting and confessions ^md t^e rest.
Tne churches during these days display great activity, and the collections taken during this period suffice to fill the gaps which the indifference of the people had created in the treasiiries of our churches.
For most people flood the churches only on certain holidays and show their reverence for sacred and holy things, while during the rest of the year they display complete indifference.
However, everyone comf.dains about the evils of our communal affairs and expects others to do the work and have it ready for them, and woe to the others if they do not find things in order.
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Chicago Oreek Daily, April 7, 1931.
It is about time to change our system and have the many take interest in the community matters instead of expecting the few to keep their churches in good condition for them to use whenever they want a sacrament*
It is about time to define the limits of the parishes, and every Christian should register as a member of his parish and show his real interest in the church and participate in the management of the community.
( Summary)
wtm
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C^RSEK
Chicago Greek Daily > April 7, 19;31.
iHE EOTHUSIASM OF CHICACX} GREEKS FOR THEIR ARCHBISHOP
The Greeks of Chicago have shown to their Archbishop zhe utmost devotion ana reverence during his short stay here.
The hotel in which he stayed v;as crowded from early morning till late into the night by people who went there to express tueir sentiments.
His first holy mass, administered at St. Basil's Church, v/as attended hy thousands who went to see him and to hear his mellifluous ST)eech.
And his preaching has held the congregation spellbouna for an hour. His was not religious preaching only, for it touched the chords of patriotism in the hearts of his listeners. Archbishop Athenagoras feels deeply that for the Greek, religion and fatherland are inseparably Do\md together, and that patriotic sentiment must be invigorated in order to preserve our language and religion abroad.
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Chicago Oreek Daily > April ?, 1931.
The general 'impression formed by all who have seen and heard him is that there is no longer any douot that under the spiritual guidahce of such a hierarch Hellenism in America will speedily become a great national power.
GRnlEK
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Chicago greek Daily. April U, I93I
HELLENIC ARCHDIOCESE 05' l^OHTH AirD SOOTH AIIERICA
To the Mo?t Pious Hectors, Honora'ole Cominimal Councils and the Pious ^lock of o'lir Holy Archdiocese.
Dear and loveliest children of o-od:
It is a consolation to notice among the tradition prevailing here taicing up a collection in our ch'orches, on master Sunday, for the needs of the G-reat Mother of the Church of Christ, the Ecumenical Patriarchate.
Se know well, our de;::;r children, the economic crisis that you are goinig throu£;h at present. V/e v/atch your oDli^ations; v/e sympathise with you from the hottom of our neart and pray that the Almif,-hty fortify you in your noble struggle for life.
But we are certain, that you are aware of the conditions of your religious center also, and you realize its economic difficulties and its nsny ohligations and, ass'jredly, you have compassion like grateful and affectionate children.
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Chicago Greek Daily, April U, 1931
Here is, then, the opportunity to show up all yo^or devotion tov/ards the Scumenical Patriarchate, here is the opportunity to express, this year also, all your love and reverance to this 3-reat Holy Lother, by contributing according to your ability for her economic support so that she may exist to perpetua,te yo^jr. religious ideals.
The rectors of the holy Churches shall read and explain this circular to you and with the various honorable presidents of the communities collect what funds you offer which fijnds shall be forwarded to us immediately.
^^emaining confident that yoiJir piousness will not fail us this year, but that it will better your contributions of past years, we wish you the .ioy of Christ BestLrrection, whose great mercy, and with our blessings, be with you all.
New York, I.larch 26, I93I Athenagoras of America.
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CHICAGO gRSEK DAILY. April U, I93I
p. 1- The G-reek Community of Chicago Welcomes Archbishop Athenagoras.
Yesterday, 9 A.M., His ^ight Rev, Archbishop Athenagoras, reached the city of Chicago, '^"he Executive Councils of all churches, with their Rectors, ajid many other people, waited for the arrival of Mr. Athenagoras at the Union De- pot where they accompanied him to the Hotel La Salle at which Hotel, various speeches were delivered. His Holiness expressed his joy in finding himself among the Chicago Greeks, whose actions and patriotic sentiments he had heard of and upon whom he depends for the re-organization of our church and communal matters.
"I have no definite program to present you with," the Most Rev. Athenagoras said, "but I desire that everything that is to be done should come from your thou^ts and by your decisions. To this end a congregating of all communities will be called by which the whole Greek populace will be represented, and throu^ which common decisions for the re-organization of the said communities will be recorded. As for Chicago", he continued, "I can state, right now, that it will be a seat of the Archdiocese and I shell stay as long in New York as in Chicago."
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CHICAGO &REEK DAILY, April U, I93I
^^^'
Then the Archhishop exchanged views in regard to the sitiiation in our community and fully agreed with the opinion presented regarding the suhdivision of Chi- cago into parishes and our compulsory registration in the particular vicinities of which we are memhers. This opinion had unanimous endorsement from all pre- sent and His Holiness was greatly pleased. Apparently indefatigable after his long journey, he was constantly asking for information ahout our affairs. He firmly believes that Hellenism in America will very soon show progress, and that the Greek Church in America will take its proper place among all orthodox churches as possessing superior spiritiial authority.
He regretted that he had to leave next Wednesday, hut he promised to return in a month's time, when he will devote himself wholly to the settlement of o^xc church and comniinal affairs.
This decision, however, caused regret ajnong his hearers, who, unanimously wanted His Ri^t Reverance to stay here for the Easter holidays. As this seemed to he impossible, the presidents and pastors of the different communities went into a discussion as to which of the chiirches he would attend to lead the ritual next Sunday.
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CHICAGO GREEK DAILY. April U, I93I "^^-"^
After some delay it was decided to have His Holiness visit all churches first and afterwards decide as to the church in which he would officiate next Sunday, (The visit to the churches is related "briefly here and then the question came up attain for next Sunday *s Holy Mass — Translator).
As the matter wa.s left to His Holiness to decide upon, he chose St. Basil of the Y/est Side, where the G-reek populace is "better concentrated and the church is larger
(Summary)
Ill c Saloniki , April 4, 1931, p* 1 GBEEK
ARCHBISHOP ATHEMGORAS ARRIVED.
The new Archtishop of the Greek Orthodox Church arrived yesterday. The eminent hierarch was received by prominent committees.
The Ecclesiastical Jiirisdiction of the prelate includes Greek Churches all over North and South America. The Greek community of Chicago cordially welcomes the Most Rev. Athenagoras.
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Chicago Greek Daily > April 2, 1931
AHCHiilSHOP ATtiEIJAGORAS IN CHICAGO
p. 1#- The Right Reverend Archbishop Atnenagoras of America in a personal letter announces that he will soon arrive in Chicago. Tne coming of His Reverence to Chicago fills all our fellow-countrymen with joy, and they are waiting with impatience to see hira and receive his blessings.
The fact that Archbishop Athenagoras is coming to us in the holidays proves his interest and appreciation of the Greek community of Cnicago, whose eagerness to see hira soon and whose expectations of effective action to De taken by him we have repeatedly recorded in these columns.
And inasmuch as Archbishop Athenagoras will, by a 1nax>T>y coincidence, conduct his first service in Chicago on Palm Sunday, we are absolutely s\ire that the Greeks of Chicago will receive him with palms and olive branches.
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IV
Saloniki, Jan. 24, 1931,
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IIOTIIICATIGI^
The united clerrjy of the Greek Orohodcx Church of Chicaro ma.kes kno\ai to all Greeks of Chicago and suburbs, that Tuesday, January 27th St. Gregory's holiday rnass v/ill be sai- iu honor of the Liatropolitan of Dyros and xynos, the L.ost n.ev. rhilaretos, who leaves for Greece.
The liturgy v/iil take place at zhe Cathedral of ot. Basil. Forty-five men:bers of the clergy \7i_l partici .ate.
The office of the jJiocese.
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IV Saloniki, Jan. 3, 1931. \o
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Pi^NXr'Oru-iiiNriAia ».XTi^AURDI>^^AKY OF 'i^riifi iiiCUliiiJNlUAL PATalAKCHAT^' Oi^'FICIATiiit)
AT ST. CONi>TAiYriiN[iii GHUKOH.
The Most Rev. Damaskinos, ketropolitan, last oxinday, assisted by uev. ^etrakis and Rev. hatzidimetriou, Archdeacon, officiated at the church of St. Oonstantine on the South Side. The high prelate, very much impressed by the grandeur and splendor of the ohurch, the order and quiet of the multitude, who came to mass, in an eloquent speech extolled the progressiveness of the community and commended them for their devotion to our Orthodoxy and the endeavors to perpetuate the (ireek langixage. After the rituals, a magnificent banquet, in honor of the Legate, was given by the Rev. Petrakia. Many prominent Chicago Greeks participated.
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The Greek Press, Dec. 2o, 1930
ARCH BISHOP'S LITURGY
p. 5.- Last Sunday, Greeks fron: all ov^r the city attended St. Constantine Church, They all wanted to see and hear His Holiness, Archbishop Daraaskinos.
It was a day lon^ to "be remembered. Everyone present was quiet and at ease during the long sermon. The choir and the music never sounded more beautiful. The altar boys were in their glory. The Archbishop's liturgy was one that struck the hearts of all and left a lasting impression on
them.
Before leaving for New York, His Holiness was visited by many of our prominent Greek Chicac^oans at his hotel.
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Chlcap;o Greek Dally, Dec. 20, 1930*
FZAdT OF Z.iKINTiIICN.
In memory of St. Dionysios, the Natives of the Island of Zante, held their feast at the church of St. George.
iifter the Mass, they ^atnered in the school hall, where dinner was prepared for all
Ill c III H IV
GREEK
Saloniki, Dec. 20, 1930.
ANNOUNCSvIENT
p. o.- The church goers of Chicago and the suouros are informed that next Sunday, Dec. 21st, the Most Rev. Dainaskenos, Metropolitan of Corinthos and Exarch of the Ecumenical Patriarcliate, will officiate in a holy liturgy at the church of St. Constant ine ana St. Helen. The pastor of the church Rev. Ivl. Petrakis, the deacon, and priests from other churcnes will assist.
^
The pious and lovers of Christ with their families are invited to attend this holy liturgy and hear the distinguished Hierarch of our Holy church,
The divine liturgy begins at 10: lo A. M.
Markos E. Petrakis. Head Priest.
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The Greek Press. Jiec. 18, 1930
ST, CONSTAKTINE CHURCH
His Holiness Damaskinos, the i>atriarch legate will he present at the church services to he held Stindajr, Dec. 21» at St. Constantine Chtirch.
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I
The (xreek Press, Dec. 11, 1930
ALIKI DIPLAHAKOU
p« 1.^ All last week finishing details were attended to for the affair the St. Andrew Women gave on Dec. 8 at the Aragon.
The greatest sensation was caused when Miss Diplarakou arrived at the
La Salle Street Station on Stinday morning* The Ellinopoula (Oreek Woman) ,
whose name was known to every person in America, was accompanied by her
mother and an American friend. She was greeted by every member of
St. Andrews chxirch and by thousands upon thousands of Chicagoans who wcuited
to get a glimpse of her. She was escorted by automobile to the Stevens
Hotel. Her suite was filled to overflowing with bouquet after bouquet of
flowers which friends and admirers had sent. After a brief chat with those
present she was left alone to rest a little.
All day Monday telephones were ringing back and forth. Everybody was dis- cussing Miss Diplarakou and the coming dance. Although she was scheduled to appear at 10 P#M. at the Aragon, the ballroom was jammed by 8 P»M»
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WPA (11;
The Greek Press, Dec. 11, 1930
It seemed as if every single person in Chicago was present* Bverybody had an air of eager expectation on their faces «
At exactly ten P«M. the Greek and American flags were put on the stage. Everybody tried to get as close as possible to the stage* As Miss Diplarakou walked across the stage, a hush came over the crowd. Then a bombardment of applause and cheers greeted her for three full minutes* The ladies of St. Andrews filed in after her and the Greek and American anthems were played. President P* Rifakis was the first speaker. Mrs. P. Lambros presented her with a huge bouquet* Various other speeches followed while the audience patiently waited to hear **Miss Europe** speak.
Her words to the 6,000 assembled there were brief but unforgettable. Her voice, her gestures, her words, all portrayed graciousness and breeding* She remained on the stage while the dancing was resiimed and chatted with prominent persons who came up to speak to her. In the wee ho\irs of the morning the audience consented to let her go, and everybody went home still talking about the beauty from Greece, Aliki Diplarakou.
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Chioa.'r.o Greek Daily. Dec. 6, 1930, p. 1
OUR :;s\7 sccissiASTTCAL reglvh;
V'
Acoordin^^ to iufvorTiation received from Constantinople, the new Archbishop of A::.erica» the !'ost Reverend Father Athena^oras, will have v/ide jurisdic- tion over the Greek orthodox churches of A^: erica. This jurisdiction was tendered to him in Constantinople by the united Greek churches of Av.erioa; and in accordance with this grant, the new bilshops will be appointed by him without the vote and consent of the Creek communities of A-uerica*
This infor.Tiation, no matter how paradoxical it laay seem to Greek-An-.ericans who are accustomed to having their bishops elected by the cor.munities, is easily understood in view of Ihe fact that the old regime has been abolished and a new regime is nov/ in effect for the ecclesiastical administration of the Greek churches of America. It is also necessary to make a distinction between ecclesiastical and con.munal ad:..inistration, in order to have an exact idea of the greater rights of the Archbishop and the selection of the bishops by him without the participation of the coinmunities.
According to the old ecclesiastical regime, the ecclesiastical administration of the communities of xii.ierica ivas subdiviaed into four dioceses: those of New York, Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco. It also had its own Holy Synod,
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ChicQ.^.o Greek Daily, Dec. 6, 1930, p* 1. p: WP^
and its Archbishop v/as sir..ply a president without any Jurisdiction over the **^--. - other bishops.
In the nev/ organization, hov/ever, the dioceses are abolished end the Arch- bishop will have extensive jurisdiction over all the churches of America. The bishops to be appointed will be assistant bishops to the Archbishop. They will not have their o'.vn diocese, nor any rights of administration; be- cause all the reins of administration will be in the hands of the Archbishop. The bishops will carry out his direct orders, assisting in the discharge of his duties. Consequently, they will be his own choice and not the choice of the communities.
This is the meaning of the telegraphic corrimunique.
¥/ith this new ecclesiastical organization, the ecclesiastical union of Hel- lenism in America with the mother church is resumed. The Archbishop will be the connecting link betv/een the churches of A'l erica and the u.other church.
-iccord ingly, this nev/ ecclesiastical organization responds to the desire so often exi^re^sed by the Greeks of i^i. erica - namely, to -.aintain their eoclesi-
(
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Chio£i;;o jreek Daily. Deo. 6, 1^30, y. 1. '';«■' ■'
V
a^tical bonus with the mother church and aot to have a self-governed church '^- adr.;iiiistered by self-.;overned and independent bishops, with whose actions no- body had a right to interfere.
By the new ecclesiastical organiz^^tion, the Archbishop despite his extensive jurisdiction is always responsible to the highest ecclesiastical authority and under its ooiitrol •
The Greeks of i\:; erica will always have the privilege of carrying their com- plaints to the highest ecclesiastical authority, the Scumenicai Patriarchate, whereas previously the bishops and the Archbishop constituted an independent and self-governed authority, under whose particular administration the highest ecclesiastical authority had no right to intervene.
In regard to the purely ecclesiastical ad:i iiiistration, therefore, and the constitution of its organization, the the exclusive right belongs to the high- est ecclesiastical authority, provided that it is in accord with the general desire of the Greeks in America; that is, they are to depend directly on that highest authority.
However, the oor.munal administration is different. In this the Greeks of America maintain their integral rights, and in this the ecclesiastical authority
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Chioag;o Greek Dailvt Dec. 6, 1930, p. 1. /C^ ^
does not even desire to interfere. "^ ' '^
The aduiiuistrution of their coiuuiunities, the election of their executive councils, their church financial affairs - all these will be left exclusive- ly in the hands of the Greeks of Aii. erica. But r^atters pertinent to spiritual and ecclesiastical admiaistration, as well as the appointiaent and discharge of priests and all ir.atters pertaining to the church as an organization apart fronri the organization of its couu.unities - jurisdiction over these i.iatters belong exclusively to the ecclesiastical authorities.
The extension of the rights of the Archbishop in purely ecclesiastical mat- ters should not be regarded as a diiTiinution of the rights of the Greeks of America, as some have misinterpreted it.
S. Kotakis.
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flPTCBT
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The Greek Press t Nov. 27, 1930 \^^ , y
ST. MDBZVS CHURCH
p» 3«« Next Sunday, November 30, the Greek Orthodox Chixrch holds a droxology for St* Andrew of Pix>toklitou* On Saturday evening, St« Andrew church (5658 Winthrop), named after the saint, will hold evening services at 6 o'clock.
On Sunday, a special mass will be said at 10 o'clock*
1^^
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The Greek Press t Nov. 27f 1930
ELECTIONS AT HOLY TRIHITY
All day today excitement prevailed over the elections at Holy Trinity Church- On the third floor of the church were gathered many members to see the outcome of this laport^nt event. Many had been members of the church for more than twenty years, while others were newly joined to carry on the great work.
The. following v/ere electedi president, N. Palivos; vice-president, A. Jakalos; se- cretary, M» Nikoletseas; and treasurer, N. Kanallis. Trustees are J. Marias, F. BougaSf s L* VlachoSf C* Kotsonatos, S* Analytis, C. Iliopoulos, B# Michaelopoulos, G. Rekas, £• Dimitrelis, N. Economos, G. Patargias.
Those elected for the Greek school, Socrates are ; Supervisors, C. Petroulas, ?• Lin deris, and J. Petropoulos; president, P. Simadis; vice-president, N. Merges; secretar p. Koubelakis; treasurer, B# Chronis and trustees, A. Chikouris, j. Antonopoulos, J. Kollias, N* Kirkills and A. Tsekinis.
We hope the newly elected officers vLll make progress and enjoy much success during the coming year#
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The &reek Press, Nov. 27, 1930
ST. HELEN LADIES CLUB
p. 4.- Last Friday the ladies of St. Helen's club of St. Constantine chixrch held a bunco party at the Trianon ballroom. Andrew Karzas, owner of the Aragon and Trianon Ballrooms, gave the ladies the use of the Trianon free of charge.
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III H Chicago greek Daily, Nov. 15, 1930.
17
THE CONOREGAT ION OF THE COJ^iMUNITIES A NECESSITY
p. 1- The appointment of the Bishops of America to Metropolitan positions in Greece, officially annoimced to them by the Legation, arao\mts to the final solution of our Church question regarding the elimination of the Independent Church in America. Concerning this point, the Greek govern- ment, the Greek Church, and the Legate of Patriarchates as well have done all they co\ild to terminate the division and restore the Orthodox churches of America to their regular ecclesiastical authority.
But to complete the job of restoration and ecclesiastical order, it is necessary that the Old Church regime be replaced by a new one which will comply with the needs of the Greeks of America and originate in their will, for then only will it enjoy the respect of the Greek populace of America, and it will foinction, in the main, if it fulfills their desires. Nobody else knows what the Greek peopje of America want but themselves.
Such being the case, it is necessary to have a convention of all the communi- ties of America called by the Legate to discuss and decide about the rules and regulations of their ecclesiastical government.
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Chicago greek Daily, Nov* lo. 1930.
GREEK
And we consider the convocation of such a convention as an indisToensable necessity, not only because we firmly believe that except the Greek people of America, properly represented, nobody knows their needs, but also because the bitter experience of the past has convinced us that decisions taken in their absence will assuredly cause new troubles and complications, which common sense dictates that we should by all means avoid in the future.
The most important reason for the failure of the abolished church regime and for all the evils caused by it in America was that the Greek oeople of America v/ere not called upon to express their will a.nd to ratify it by their vote - because it did not comply with the people's needs and desires.
The convocation of the convention of coimnunities is a supplement to the Legate's work because after the successful accomplishment of the first part of the mission, that of the abolition of that ecclesiastical regime which caused the division and the union of the Greek communities in America under one authority, the Mother Church, it is now necessary to have the second part of the mission consummated, namely, the organization
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Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 15, 1930.
of the Church in America according to the canons of our Orthodox Church and in harmony with the needs of Hellenism in America.
Ana so far as the question of organization according to the Church canons is concerned, it should be left, surely, to the knowledge and experience of the Legate; but when it comes to applying- these canons and to matters concerning the needs of the Greek population in America, they ought to have the first word by their representatives.
For these reasons, we think it is necessary to have the convention as soon as possible, since it is high time to put an end to the present abnormal conditions.
S. Kotakis.
GBSEK
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CHICAGO CffiEEK DAILY > NoTem'ber I5, 193O -<^.^^
Oreek Community Association of Chicago.
All mem'bers of the Greek Community Association of Chicago are invited to attend a special general conference, as per article k2 of oiir Const ittition, ^xmday, November I6, 1930» at 3 P.M., in the school building, Socrates, located at 7^2 Sibley Street. At this meeting many qiiestions shall "be discussed con- cerning the progress of the Community and the school.
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aREEK
Chicago Greek Dally, Nov. 11, 1930.
A FAREWELL DIIHIER TO BISHOP PHILARETOS
•''.^>f>
p. 1- V/e are informed that on the occasion of the departure of Bishop Philaretos of Chicago for his new position in the metropolitan area of Syros, to which he was appointed by the Holy Synod according to news from Athens, a farewell banquet will be given in his honor.
We heartily aT:>prove of the Synod's aopointraent of Bishop Philaretos and record it with pleasure because although we were opponents of the church regime to which he adhered, we had nothing against him personally, and we are very much pleased with his promotion to the metropolitan area of Syros, according to him our hearty good wishes for complete success in his new position.
We consider the appointment of Bishop Philaretos to so celebrated a metro- politan area of G-reece a distinct honor for the G-reek t>eople of America, of whom Bishop Philaretos is one, and a particular honor for the Chicago community, whose Bishop he was, and inasm\ich as we are of the opinion
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Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 11, 1950. WPA (lit) pftr; 3(;':r.
that the Greeks of America are in a position to render many services to Greece, we sincerely believe that Bishop Philaretos by his knowledge and experience will render great service to the Church of Greece and to his particular area of Syros, whose worthy shepherd he will become.
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WPA (ILL) mi. 302/5 CHICAGO GBEEK DAILY. November g, I93O
The Suspense of the Church Question is Ended.
p. 1. The news that reached us today about the selection and appointment of the hierarchs departing from America for Greece, puts an end to the sus- pense of our church question that had kept us from the work of our Church's restoration and the settlement of our various communal differences.
The Chicago Greek Daily was the only paper that always expressed itself positively ahout the appointment of the bishops who resigned and took posi- tions in Greece, and never for a moment had a doubt that it was possible for complications to arise in the slowly but normally effected solution of the ecclesiastical question.
Just because we were absolutely sure that the hierarchs here were to be placed in positions, that the Legate here and the Government of Greece had promised them, we reproached them, becatise by their refusal to depart from here, they were showing bad faith in the promises of the Legate and the govern- ment of Greece. By their stay here they caused the suspense to be prolonged and hindered the Legate's work«
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GBEEK
\VrA (ILL) FROJ ja??5
CHICAGO GBEEK DAILY, NovemlDer 8, 1930 •
Happily, however, the latest wire from Greece has verified our predictions, and the bishops are leaving at last fully satisfied that their positions are assigned in Greece. Let us hope that they will hless those that contributed to their leaving America instead of cursing them. And let us hope that they will "be placed in positions in the best Metropolises of Greece, and permit us to say that the major part of these blessings we are justified in claiming for oiirselves.
For, if up to this time we kept silent about our activities that were known officially in both Greece and Constantinople, we did so because we thou^t that the occasion was not opportune, and because we did not desire to create inci- dents which wooild place the least obstacle in the work of restoring order in our chtirch affairs in America.
In due time we shall publish in these columns, extensively, how the pleas- ant solution of the Church question was brou^t about, both as a matter of journalistic duty, and because we know that siany want to know the details of a job accomplished, and many know and confess the fact as to who was the leading figure that brou^t to a solution the church problem that for such a long time had been confronting the Greeks of America,
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The Sreek Press. Not* 6, 1930
HALLOWS* M
P*4 - Last Priday evening, at St. Basil church, the Young Ladies of the !• 9. Z. club gare a Halloween dance. A large crowd was present and prizes were given to the best women dancers. Winners were Misses T. Koliopoulos, A. Petropoulos, and D. Mantis.
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Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 23, 1930.
THE QUESTION OP THE RETIRE HIERARCHS OF AlviSRICA
p. 1- The definite appointment of the hierarchs of America to positions in Greece has been postponed again by the Holy Synod for a purely legal reason, namely, that hierarchs who do not belonf^ to the Church of Greece cannot be assigned to Greek metropolitan areas. In order that the re- tired hierarchs may be apr^ointed to metropolitan areas in Greece proper, this rule must be abrogated, and this caji be done by legislative enact- ment .
According to information from Athens some way will be found to overcome this obstacle • . . but we do not think that this is a reason serious enough for long postponement of the departure of the hierarchs from America and susoension of the definite settlement of our church question.
The Church of Greece, in order to facilitate matters, promised long ago temporary appointments for the retired bishops, and we have not the slightest doubt that what was promised will be carried out, but at the same time we believe that the doubt expressed regarding the fulfilment
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Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 28, 1930.
&RSEK
of the promises once the legal harriers are removed is equivalent to showing had faith toward the (xovernment and the Legate, not to say that it amounts to disobedience, for it is a fact that the bishops have been ordered to leave America, and when they, superior dignitaries as they are, do not obey the orders of their church authority, how is it possible to uphold the Church's dignity, and what sort of example have they set for subordinate clergyman and laymen to follow?
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III H Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 28, 1930.
^^^^ST OF ST. DEI^ITRIO^
The f^ast of St, Demetrios which took place last Sunday in the church of that name was a great success. The congregation numbered about two thousand and filled the church to its capacity. The amo\int taken in by the sale of candles and from contributions was $748.
The success of this celebration was an agreeable surprise attributable partly to the arrival in America of the delegate whose personality has achieved ecclesiastical unity for us and partly to the large increase in. the number of Greek families in the vicinity of St. Demetrios Church.
We wish to call the attention of the Legate, to whose judgment it has been left to fix the number of our Greek Orthodox churches, to this large attendance at the services in St. Demetrios.
OR^E
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Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 2o, 1930.
^ilURCH 50GI;iTY SiiRV^J DIMn^uE/
Last Thursday, in the private ^oarlors of St. rasil's Church, the Eusebeia Society of ladies served a dinner zo its membership to which many others of our community were Also invited, ana all SToent a delightful evening in a family circle vdth the Right Reverend Father Philaretos and other distinguished ;^uests.
We urge other ladies' organizations of our community to follow the examT)le of this s-olendid society so that we may come into closer contact with our fellow-G-reeks. It is necessary on account of the great distances that separate us to come together in such common gatherings, and fortiinately the majority of our churches have private halls for such purposes.
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The CreeK I'ress, Oct. 23, 19j(^«
The
^t. Andrev^s V/ornen's nlub is giving its monthly ^1eetin[- on 'Tednesday, October 29. After the usual businesL^, election of officers for tao co:r.inc year will tnke place, ijvery laeinber should be at ^t. Andrews at 1:30 rharp*
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The Greek Press ^ Uct. 23, 1930
•c.
i
BANQUET
p. 5 last Tuesday the Jilusebia club, of St. Basil Church, held a banquet in the hall of the church for all members of the parish. A program followed the banquet aqts^ Agriostatmis, chairman, presented sar. K. Ifiammounas, who spoke a few words and then introduced Miss M. Lembesis who played the piano* Then (j# Dedakis recited a monologue* The three Misses husraon gave us a few selections. Two played the violin and or^the piano. Bishop Kaclistos spoke and was followed by Miss Agriostathis who played the piano, (jeorge Alexander spoke* nis wife accompanied his son on the piano while he played the violin. The evening ended with everyone thanking l^rs. n'Dimitriou, president, for a lovely evening.
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Chicago Greek Dally, Oct. 23, 1930. THE PENDING ECCLESIASTICAL QUESTION
•
The suspense over the definite settlement of the Church question in America has been unduly prolonged, and it is due time for the Legate, Ut. Damaskinos, to put an end to a situation which causes so many douhts and fears.
No matter how absolutely certain we are that the question will finally be settled according to the decision taken in Athens and Constantinople, to wit| by the suspension of the church regime created by Metaxaki and the recall of all hierarchs under him, the majority of people are not so easily convinced, and they express doubts as to whether things will turn out as desired. These fears and doubts they base ux>on the prolonged suspense and the indirect and wily activities of some persons to frustrate the departure from America of the bishops in question.
There is not the least doubt that the Legate is animated by the highest feelings and the best intentions, and that his desire is to accomplish the mission that he was entrusted with, but he should not forget that
Chicago
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Greev Daily, Oct. 25, 1930.
GRZ2K
the only weapons and resources that he has are tne confidence and devotion which the ;ree'< populace has accorded hin ever since he first appeared among them in America, and that, being Greeks, namely, characteristically enthusiastic and impetuous, we turn easily and quickly to the other side as soon as we fail to see things accomplished and the situation improved.
We have diligently avoidea stirring uo certain qirestions because we do not desire to pour oil on the fire and raise obstacles to the wor-i of pacification, for which this paner has made so many efforts and \indergone so many sacrifices, but, unfortunately, the other side is not animated by the same sentiments; they are trying by all means, open and secret, to kindle oassions and ma :e things appear to be at a dangerous pass, and to represent the Legate's work as a failure.
For all these reasons it is our duty to re^riind the Legate that what he has to do is to clear un matters as auickly as possible and not admit the germs of dissension amorn^ us and first of all to carry out what has been decided on and not loroloag our suspense, v/hich surely will frustrate the work which we exT)ect to be done.
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The Greek tress. Oct. 23, 1930
DANGJi:
p» 5 ilie Anew Genea is giving a Halloween iJance on Wednesday, Oct. 29, at the hall of bt. v^onstantine Chiirch* Admission is only fifty cents.
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CHICAGO ffltEKK DAILY > October IS, 1930 X
The ^uBstlon of Unity and Cooperation of The Greek Coxmn-unlties of Chicago.
The question of limitation of the Greek Ghurchee in Chicago is being discussed extensively, and the conununities, one after the other , meet and decide in reg^ds to authorizing the Legate about the regulation of the num- ber of churches to be closed.
The prevailing opinion, so far, is to have Chicago divided into three communities, the North, the South, and the West Sides, and to have all exist- ing communities merged in these three sub -divisions, with their churches; the ntmber of ch-urches to be closed to be decided upon by the Legate.
There is some detailed division of opinion regarding the West Side,- — but, in so far, as the North and South sections are willing to have this done, the matter of the West section can be taken care of, one way or the other.
W^^ f rom the start, have si5>ported the idea that the cooperation of the communities of Chicago must proceed, up to the point where agreement can be
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CHICAGO GREEK DAILY, October 18. I93O
attained by the parties concerned.
There is nothing that could be done by force, and it is with pleasure that we notice that the work of the community has proceeded so far, that it is hoped with the arbitration of the Legate it will reach a happy conclusion.
GHSEK
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Chic^^^o greek Daily. Oct. l6, 1930
TBjC FATHIARCPIATS'S ccll±:ction
I'he attack of the newspaper, Atlantis, against Archimandrite Tha.deus Lekas, who, as is known, raises funds throu^-hout the United States for the Patri- archate is not justif i8.ble,
ue do not think that it is r)roper to abolish a means of raising funds, which are such a relief for the needs of the Patriarchate, "before re find some more effective v;ay, just for the theoretical reasons of Atlantis, which reasons, if thoroughly investigated, hove no foundation.
On the other hand, At !^. ant is must not forget that it ha.s done ^r>out the same thing, having opened its columns for such a fund for the needs of the Patri- archate, that brought in suhstancial amounts, 'ihe Patriarchate showed its gratitude by tendering to the late Solon Vlastos, the Title of G-rand Archon, Lega.te of the Patriarchates.
What we think is that Atlantis, and anybody else who contributes money for the Patriarchate, ought to look out for is, whether the money reaches its
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Chica>?o Greek D^ily, Oct. 16, 1930
destination. In re£;ards to this, however, the Patriarchate h^s full confi- dence, which 'i^^s reasserted itself by the new appointment of Mr. Lekas for the joh; the enthusiasm is such on the part of the Patriarchates, about this kind-hearted levite, that his name will he remeTihered always. His Holiness, the Patriarch, expressed himself to that effect to the mana,^er of the G-reek Daily, Mr. S. Kotakis, on the occasion of his visit to the Patriarchate. Itegarding the readiness which the G-reeks of America, show for the needs of the Patriarchate, the G-reek Daily is .^la.d in having- the opportunity to an- nounce this to Hellenism in America.
The question of financial aid from the Greeks of America, and all orthodox people everywhere, is one of great importance, and needs much wider discuss- ion and study; hut "before ^ve tackle it thoroughly, it is common sense not to dist^irh a. situation that wr^s created oy necessity; a situation which supple- ments the neglect of all of us, primarily of those who were, up to yesterday, the official representa.tives of the Patriarchate, and v/ho neglected complete- ly their financial obli:';c,tions towards it so that it v'as compelled to appoint Thadeus Lel^ias for the raising of funds.
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Chicag^o greek Daily, Oct. l6, 1930
Eo'/7, certrinl.v, ^-^e do not want to open up oli woiinds pjoA bla^e the re,^me that is dissipated, for negligence of their duties towards the Patriarchate, out let us thinlc a"t:out the future, how to find another means "better ahle to help fill the needs of the Patriaxchate, and on this, we helieve, Atlantis has no quarrel, i'or the present, hov/ever, let us not stir uo trouole and not touch upon a necessary evil.
m:i3i:hi
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CHICAGO (glEEK DAILY, October lU, 1930
The Qiaestlon of Unity and Cooperation of the Greek Communltlee of Chicago.
The unity of the Greek comm-unltles of Chicago Is the main subject to hold the attention of the communities and their officials, at present. There are many that confuse the commtmity question with that of the church division in America, as a whole, tand imagine that the matter of stral^tenlng up our com- munal difficxiltles depends on the solution of the church question. Well, the question of limitation of the number of churches in Chicago, is the local ques- tion of our community and it will he settled "by the needs of our parishes.
For the settlement of this question the Legate seemed to he willing to serve the parishes, as their arbitrator, and the representatives signed a pro- tocol, wherewith, they accepted the offer. When, in a few days, the Legate re- turns to Chicago, every parish will submit to him its plan and views regarding the consolidation of the communities.
There is no doubt that every parish will have a different plan with good reasons. In addition, each one will believe that its plan is the best, but
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CHICAGO GREEK DAILY, October lU, 193O
we, ttucy "bound, have to caution all to put some water in their wine, and that is, that if every parish believes its plan will unite the communities, the members must understand, once for all, that nothing will be done.
That which Chicago needs if the cooperation of the parishes and that co- operation is possible on matters in which the parishes have common interests, but in points of opposing interests, it is not so easy to have unity. For the present, at least, we urge the parishes not to sacrifice the question of co- operation.
The qaestion of merging the communities being a local one concerns the ones which are divided, as for example, the Holy Trinity and St. Basil com- munities. Th^ must find a way of mut-ual understanding and submit their dif- ferences, for arbitration, before Legate. Likewise, on the South Side, the St. Constantine and St. Nickolas communities must do the same* On the North Side, the Annunciation, St. George, St. Andrew and St. James communities must also do the same.
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CHICAGO GBEEK DAILY, October ik, I93O
It must be understood by those directly interested, that the Cooperation of all Parishes iii a most important and vital question. The question of union is a specific one and belongs to the parishes directly concerned. It will be accomplished throii^ economic pressaare. These parishes have, now, a good chance, in the Legate's being present, to determine the way of their unity and we vorge them not to let it slip by.
The question, however, of common cooperation by all communities, on matters of general interest, by having every community contribute its share, and that all Greeks be obligated to register in their parish, and a central committee be formed in accordance with the federal system, we consider to be a question of great importance, from which we gradually expect many benefits. It is to this, in the main, that we call the attention of the Legate and officials of the com- munities.
^ m.
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The Greek Fress.^Cct. 9, iQjO.
;o
Tne members of ths Greek Co;ainunity of Chicago are invited to a [general rreetin^ t vote on articles 41 and 61 (second clouse) of our Constitution.
The meeting- will take plac'3 Cunday, Cct. 12, 19^G, ut 3 o'c-ock, ut Cocrat s ^^cncol 742 ^^ibley street.
Chicago, Illinois, f.ept. 27. I9j0.
President, :i. Talivos.
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(JREEK
CHICAGO (SEEK DAILY. Oct. k, 1930 Association of the Greek Comimmity of Chicago.
A call is sent out to all members of the Chicago Greeks Commimity to a general conference according to articles kl and 6l, Clause 2, of the Con- stitution, on Oct. 12, 3 P.M., Socrates School, 7^2 Sibley St.
Subject: A Revision of certain articles of the constitution as sub- mitted by the special committee, appointed, as provided by resolution No. U89, at the general conference of Aug. 10, 1930*
Taking a decision in regard to authorizing his Most Rev. Damaskinos, to undertake the task of the merging of the Chiciigo churches as well as organ- izing the system of education in accordance with the preliminary agreement be- tween the Legate and representatives of the Communities.
Chicago, 111., Sept. 27, 193O. II. Palevos, President.
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CHICAGO GrR^j^lK DAILY, Oct. U, 1930
TO HZUIJTS CHICAGO CGI^UNITIES
The president of the V/est Side Association called a membership meeting to pass on and grant authorization to the Most Rev. Legate for a regulation limiting the number of churches in Chicago, as per the resolution adopted by all the presidents of Chicago communities, when called upon by the Most Rev^ Legate to confer on the question of limiting churches that have been estab- lished due to the ecclesiastical division and which have, no longer, ajajj;- rea- son for existence.
We urge all the other sections to follow the example of the VTest Section, as per their promise to the Legate, and the protocol that their representatives signed, so that they may be ready on the return of the Legate, who will be here the middle of October to discuss the most important matter of saving our churches and schools from financial disaster.
Certainly, the question of limiting the number of churches is not so easy, no matter how \irgent the need is considered by all, but the difficulties, and the different conceptions, about the manner in which the limitation will be
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CHICAGO GRSaK DAILY. Oct. k, 1930
effected, must give way "before the precipice of economic disaster, towards which we axe heading. Rather general thoughts must prevail and community spirit with personal arnbitions must he set aside, for, what is dictated by necessity must be done. It is fortunate that the Legate undertook the burdensome task of arbitra- tion in differences that would come up, and made his final decision on them so easy, when we, ourselves, would never have reached a decision on how to straight- en them out.
On the other hand, there &xe many things which dissension among the churches did not let us,, up to now, enforce. However, now, that all of us have one eccle- siastical authority, the forming of a Central Committee in which all communities are to be represented, should be in order. This Central Committee would then discuss and vote on and clean up general matters.
All this certainly could be easily attained even if we do not resolve to form one Community.
In any case we believe that it is possible to come to an understanding
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CHICAGO GRBiJlK DAILY. Oct. U, I93O
and we urge the presidents of the Comm-onities to call their individual TnemlDers to a meeting so as to be authorized to start the transactions.
(Literal)
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The Greek pro- : . Oct. 2, 1^30.
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Anonr the aristocratic and public-minded lanes of Cni "a[:o ore t.ie meMbers of '''t, r.ndrew Church on the i;ortii ';i1de. "Vita charity and reli^^ion a: foundationG for their club they have built up a pov/erful element in our coiivaunity •
Last "Wednesday, tais organization held a meetin(_ and decided to devote this winter to varicuG religious meetin^^. v/nere prayers, psalms and Bill, stories v;ill be tau^nt by Archrev. Tsourounakio, priest of the church.
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The Greek Press, Oct. 2, 1930.
V.'e are announcing to the p blic that once again vie are rei.urnini^ our reii^^ioui:; class which were discontinued during the summer m;nths.
Classes v/ill be conducted every 'Yednesday from j to 6 p. M# Every ont^ should o^. -re sent to learn as m.ch as possible about the Bible and tne Crtncdox reli; ion.
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S^, Paul's Bote (English -German Monthly Magazine) Vol. 44, Sept. Dec. 1938.
HISTORY OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
1872-1890.
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During Easter 1872, the congregation in an extraordinary meeting con- < eluded to rebuild tlie new church on the old foundation. In January r
1886, PfiLStor Rudolph A. John succeeded Pastor Hartmann The new
pastor continued his principal preaching services in the language
of the fathers and only from time to time arranged for services in
the American tongue, which everybody gradually began to understand.
Mr. C. A. iVeiss, a young tedented organist, who resided in Kansas c?
City, Mo., was called to assume charge of the church music.
From the early beginnings, old St. Paul's laid stress upon associating with forceful preaching an artistically communsurate character of
ecclesiastical music Through the influence of Pastor Hartmann,
Professor H. Rahn was called to assume the duties of choir direction and the playing of the organ. He proved to be the right man in the right place, and for many years the people of St. Paul's delighted in the spirit of an ideal companionship, as exemplified by the great spiritual leader and his intelligent and intensely loyal organist
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St. Paxil's Bote (English -German Monthly Magazine) ^.
Sept, Dec, 1935 V-
The newly formed combination of Pastor John, the author, and C. A. Vfeiss, r;
the composer, was productive of a class of church music for thousands
of our congregations in this country that could in no other way be
termed but by the word "ideal." The choir selections, written by them,
first sung in the church in Chicago, were quickly secured through their
ready help and sxing with enthusiasm in the churches of the farmlands
and in those of many of our principal cities. These choir anthems surely
filled a long-experienced want.
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CHICAGO GIE3K DklLY . Sept. 27, I93O
^ORGANISATION OF CHURCH COMMONITIES/
The undersigned representatives of all church associations of Chicago, met, Sept." 22, 1930f ^^ response to the call of the Most Rev. Damaskinos, to consider the matter of taken measures to organize the Chicago G-reek Orthodox Comrnunities, in a manner that will serve to promote their multiple interests, and to avert any threatening dangers to the future existence of a unified Hellenism. After a lengthy and detailed discussion of all views on the matter, it was resolved "un- animously that;
Those present were to suhmit to their respective church memhers, for vote, the following resolution: that whereas it is considered difficult for the repre- sentative, of the ahove communities to come to a common decision as regards to the question of the merging of the churches, the power for the regulation of this matter hereby "be vested to the Most Rev. Camaskinos, this "being the request of all representatives present that His Holiness assume this responsibility and in connection that he should be given the power to adjust the problems confront- ing the whole school system. Sign:
P. Demos, N. Lymperis, Ch. Rekas, D. Chrisis, G. Kokinos, N. Nomikos, E. Loukas, J. Adynamis, Ch. Davlantis, Gr. Pataryas, Ch. Gregoriou, N. Palevos, Ath. Valos, Ar. Tsikouris, N. Kokinis, I. Koliopoulos, S. Christakakos,
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iTie Greek Press, Sept. 25, 1930
HOLY XRINITY
p# 5 Those who did not attend noly Trinity (Jhurch last bunday missed something they will regret all their lives. Their only chance will be to hear Metropolitatn iJeunaskinos if he speaks again at soiae other church.
iTie noly Trinity, Chicago's oldest Greek uhurch, could always gather crowds, but the vast throng which attended last bunday was unparalleled by any other such ecclesiastical affair, it shows that no matter what people may say, the Greeks of 'Jhicago can get together and support their churches if they want to.
One has to hear and see the partriarchol x^iietropolitan uorinthian
Damaskinos in order to realize his power and his charm. 1^*0 words can describe
him. After the mass all hastened to receive the blessings of his noliness.
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WPA{!a.)PR0J.32//4 line Greek Press, bept. 25, 1930, p. 4
ST. CCIiSrAlffll^
Last Friday, the choir of bt, Constant ine and Helen church gave a small banquet at their hall* Miss Simaois, president, Miss Katsainbis, treasurer, and the xAieses ASanos, Salikis, and Brouba organized the affair*
u. i^imopoulos, director of the group was guest of honor inade a short speech, thanking the members of the choir and praising their good work. Misses Sabelis an ^ Sarmoukou played a few selections on the piano* Jancing followed,
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Chicago Greek Dally. Sept. 25, 1930. X^cy y
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/damaskinos to settle church commdnitt qjiestion7
On a call from the Most Rev. Damaskinos, the presidents of all Greek churches, here, gathered the ni^t "before last, at the Hotel LaSalle, and dis- cussed the question of unity and cooperation of communities, and the limitation in the number of churches in Chicago* The writing up of the constitution has "been left wholly in the hands of the Most Rev. Damaskinos.
The decisions taken are of great importance as influencing the improve- ment of our communities finances which on account of the long waited for decis- ion, are not in any too good condition.
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So, the arrival of the Most Rev. Legate in America will he the cause of not only the settlement of the church question and the estahlishment of order, "but also of the local unity and cooperation of our church organizations, which, due to the long church strife, have antagonized each other with inestimable loss in the community interests.
The pleasant news, we record with particular satisfaction, "because the Greek Dally has for many years carried on the struggle for unity and cooperation and we reserve the right to express our thou^ts upon this most important question •
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CHICAGO (SEEK DAIIiY. Sept. 20, I93O
THE MOST Rev. Legate Mr. Damaskinos In Chicago.
The Most -tiev. Legate of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, Mr. Damaskinos, arrived in Chicago and will administer the Holy Mass at the Holy Trinity Church, of the West Side, in cooperation with all the priests of the Chicago communities.
He will visit Oary and Milwaukee, and from there will go to Cleveland and Montreal.
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The Settlement of Our Church Q^uestion.
The resolution of the former Archhishop of America, Mr, Alexander, to com- ply with the decision of the Patriarchal Legate, the Most Rev, Damaskinos, in connection with the resignation of the Ri^t Rev. Bishop of Chicago, Mr, Phil- aretos, as well as that of Mr. loakim of Boston, puts an end to the strife of the Greeks of America as regards the church question.
There remains the question of the withdrawl of the Bishop of San Prancisco, Mr. Kallistos, hut even that will take place, so that the church situation, causing the dissension, that so much emhittered the Greeks of America, for so many years, will be abolished completely.
It must he understood, that the struggle was being directed not against persons, but against the dividing regime that broke up the bonds with the Mother Church, and which as was natural influenced even the hi^est church dignitaries. It is logical, therefore, that the. Right Rev. Kallistos of San Francisco, with- draw, also, because his stay here will mean, necessarily, that the withdrawn Hierarchs were the cause of the division and that the Bishop of San Francisco w^s the carrier of peace.
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CHICAGO GHaSK DAILY. Sept. 20, 1930
But, we refer to this in passing, as we consider the departure of Mr. Kallistos certain, and we simply mention it in order to say that with the with- drawal the persons involved, the first part of the Legate's mission is comnleted and gives room for the second and more important part, that of the regulation of the new regime, which will establish our dependence on the Ivlother Church com- pletely, and will re-iinite the hond of the G-reek churches of America with the former.
What still remains is the departure of the resigned Hierarchs, who still remind us of the "unpleasant regime of division that existed before the eyes of the people for so long and the events that took place ever since the arrival of the Legate up to the time of the resignation of the bishops from their posi- tions, and the activities of some of their followers. Their presence here "un- fortunately still creates groiond for some justifiable suspicious, the possibi- lity that the resignations mi^t not be realized. Many express impatience and even are in doubt as to the effectiveness of the really perplexing task of the Most Legate, Mr. Damaskinos, who labored with so much wisdom for the disen- tanglement of the church situation, and, who has reached the universally de- sired result, without use of any forcible means and without resorting to cruder
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CHICAGO GR>]EK DAILY, Sept. 20, I93O
methods, for the execution of his great and national mission. It is also just and right to appreciate the compromising attitude of the former Hierarchs of America and specifically that of the Hight Revs. Basileos Philaxetos, and loakim, who hastened to place themselves under the instructions of the Legate, resigning willingly from their positions, and of the former Archbishop, himself, at the last moment. Their example, undoubtedly, will he followed hy the Most Rev. Kallistos of San Francisco.
We, at least, have not the slightest doubt, that whatever is announced so far, must be considered aii accomplished fact, and to express to the Most. Rev. Legate Damaskinos our hearty congratulations on the manner in which be handled the first part of his mission, by which he brought about the reconciliation of both cajnps, and peace ajid harmony to the Greeks as a whole, an accomplishment for which we shall be everlastingly grateful to him. Due to the fact, however, that his return is most needed, and to give an end to any prevailing uneasiness, may we also urge a hastening of the other points that are to be decided upon and for His Holiness to make his decision more apparent. That is, in regards to the second part of the task, nrmely that the establishment of the new regime, should immediately commence, calling a meeting of representatives of aJl the communities of America, which will adopt the plan of the new church regime, that will restore our church bonds with those of the Mother Church. g Ko^^kis
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Greek Star, Sept. 19, 1930 •
SAYS GREia: OI?rHCDOX C3IURCH PJJT IS IIl^lIDED
The inission of good v/ill in the second Chicago visit of the Patriarchal Ex- arch of Corinth, the Rt. Rev. Danaskinos of the Greek Orthodox Church, v/as successful in healing -vhat prcnised to be a serious rift in the iiiaerican branch of that connunion. .Tliis was announced yesterday by Peter S# Lanbros, editor of the Greek Star, and an opponent of the exarch v;hen he visited Chicago a few weeks ago.
Lariibros declared that peace has ccrie to the Gree-: Orthodox people of Chicago after the criticism and protest of a considerable group had been made against the prelate. The difficulty arose over the attitude talcen by the Exarch in attempting to depose his Grace Alexandres, head of the Orthodox :;hurch in /inerica.
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Groek Star, Sept. 19, 1930.
^'Althourh the Exarch* s mission to /j-aerica cricinall^/ ivas that he should be- ccne the head of the .toerican Orthodox Church," Lanbros said, '^he is soon to return to Greece.'^ The Rt, Rev. AtLenagoras v;ill become the ecclesiastical head of the Church in ilne rica in his place and the present Metropolitan, Alex- andres, v/ill becone the -ietropolitan of Corfu.
Bishop Philaretos of Chicago v/ill be advanced to a higher episcopal throne in Greece.
(Chicago Tribune, Sept. 18, 1950)
T-'ie Greek press. Sent, 18, 1930.
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'.Yith joy the Ilellenisfn of Chicago '.vill hear that on Sunday, [^eptember 21, Ills Holiness, the Metropolitan Corinthian Dainascinos, v/ill say mass at Holy Trinity Church. "7e are sure thit thousands of our countrymen -vlll avail theiaselves of the chance to iiear and see this distinguished personage., I^^ext Sunday will be an important day to the Greeks of Chica^-O. Their first churcli, Holy Trinity, 'will be filled to capacity because every Greek is exjjiected to attend.
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/RETURN OF SPYROS KOTAKIS/
After ten months' absence, Mr. Tpyros Kotakis, the manager of tae Greek Daily, aas returned from Greece,
i<!r. KotaKij^, was dele^i-ited, at is knov/n, by the Greeic cominunitles of Chica{;,o to £0 to seek a solution of our church problem in i\thens and Constantinople, and as a result, we have the Ri^ht Rev, Lietropolitan Bishop of Corinth, Mr. Damaskinos, sent as a Legate.
The Greek community of Cnicugo has expressed its greetings and enthusiastic con- gratulations for tne success of tne mission.
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The Greek Press, 3 opt
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At '.Vhlte V/uy park, last Tunday, h<ndredL cf Greeks attenio'^ ■':ie picnic of ^'oly Trinity Church. r^or over tnirty years Creeks have been coming; to ^.'a^^^b annual picnics ana Q^zti ti.^e they have better success.
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^OLY TRINITY CHDRCH PICNIc/
Picnic given by theOhica; o Greek Community for the benefit of Holy Trinity Cliurch. Sunday, August 31, at the "/hite House, Irving Park Blvd. and Rivor Road.
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The Greek Press, Aug. 28, 1930. ^,^. ._ WPA (ill.) PROJ. 30275
HELLENISM IN AMEKIGA
p. 2.- For ten years we have found ourselves waiting for a mechanical Ood to correct our problems • In moments of deep despair we have con- sidered calling our mother country to the rescue, ihe spirit with which P. Meletiou, Patriarch of Alexandria, tried to help us was greatly criticized by many of our countrymen here. Hellenism in America was not satisfied with his attempt to settle Ecclesiastical proDlem. It did its best to ruin Greek: religion in America and now is angry because one man aoes not patch it up immediately.
Because the Greeks were dissatisfied, they sent to Greece for a liturgant to tell them what to do. The Great Metropolitan Corinthian, P# Meletiou, was sent immediately upon request. He ccune to our rescue, so to speak, without a program or an idea as to how he was going to perform this mirax^le.
The solution is easily found. As soon as all the Ecclesiastical bodies stop thinking of themselves and try to cooperate a little, or reunion of
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The Greek Press, Aug. 26, 1930.
the church will he effected. I'he only trouble is that each group considers itself in the right and wants His Holiness from G-reece to correct the faults of the other groups.
This is the condition of the (jreek:s in America and it is high time for them to realize that they should fight together instead of one another, if they want Hellenism preserved.
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The Greek Press, Aug* 21, 1930
NEA GBTEA DANCE
p# 6#- This season's first dmce by the Nea Genea will be given on September 24, Wednesday, at the Shoreland Hotel.
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II A 1 Saloniki.. Aug. 16. 1930, p. 3 yjPA (lie) PHJJ. SU^'i:
THE CHICAGO SOCIETY OY GREEK PROFESSIONALS AND THE QUESTION OP
THE CIlURCH.
Owing to the turbulent question of the Greek chiirch in America, the society of Greek professionals in Chicago, which for many years stands with vigilant C|jr# :^arding the Greek name and the welfare of the Greeks in Chicago and elsewhere in America resolved to aopeal to the proper authorities in Greece^ with the object in view, of terminating the scandalous ecclesiastical questions of the division of the Greek church in America.
The appeal, which was clothed in beautiful dignified language, was brief, precise and denoted immediate solution of the matter in hand.
It was forw^.rded to His Holiness the Ecumenical Patriach in Constantinople which is the seat of the Ecumenical Throne of all Greek Orthodoxy the world over, to the Holy Synod of Athens Greece, and to the government of Greece.
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The Grreek ch\irch in America was divided into three factions. This division was very disastrous to the welfare of the Church and much more disastrous to the welfare of the communities, which in turn were divided accordingly.
The result of the appeal is that the three above mentioned authorities ordered the departure for America of His Holiness Damaskenos, Metropolitan of Corinthos, aS Exarc' of the Ecumenical Throne, and as representative extraordinary of the G-reek government, to unify the church of America, and tinite and pacify the comnninities, which for a time heing were jumping at one another's throat.
Undov-htedly the Exarch, who possesses tremendous intelligence and learning, anri wearing the toga of extraordinary Church and State powers, will find it not difficult to accomplish the object of his delegation.
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OREEK Salontki , Atig. 16, 1930.
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The Greek communities of Chicago and the Greek communities of the whole America are thankfvil to the society of the Greek professionals of Chicago, for this and other noble Initiatives taken by the society of these learned Greeks in behalf of the Greeks of America.
Ccngratiilations to our Chicago Greek intellectuals.
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III C Salonlkl> Aug. 9, 1930, p* 1 GBEEK
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^^ THh] PATRIARCHIC exarch in the cathedral op ST. BASIL •
BISHOP PHILARETOS RESIGNED.
The stately liturgy, at the cathedral of St. Basil, in which the Patriarchic Exarch Most Rev. Damaskenos officiated, was magnificent and imposing. Right Rev. Philaretos, bishop in Chicago and all the clergy, assisted in the holy mass*
This liturgy will remain a historical event in the annals of the Greek Church of America, because the division of the church is ended. Mr. Damaskenos, who, besides his ecclesiastical authority, is also pleni- potentiary of the Greek government, \mified the Church* He brought the olive branch of peace and unity. The prevalent ecclesiastical authority resigned and respectfxilly accepted the wishes of the Mother chixrch. Bishop Philaretos solemnly relinquished his authority and was appointed as Metropoliten of Syros and Tenos.
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Saloniki . Aug. 9, 1930.
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The erudite Oreek Hierarch Mr. Damaskenos, pointed out the necessity of harmony nd unity, and very solemnly xirged the laity and the clergy to abide by the decision of the Ecumenical Patriarch. The mandate of the Mother church prevailed. Division and emnity exist no more*
The Right Rev. Philaretos, who for eight yea-rs in Chicago served the interest of the church and endeavored to pacify and \mify the affairs of the various Greek churches ^.ent his resignation to the Exarch, who reluctantly accepted. Bishop Philaretos, whose services to the Greeks in America were and are very valuable is highly esteemed by the Mother church and the state. The Greek government, in appreciating the good work of the Bishop honored him with the award of the Higher Taxiarch.
Peace, harmony and unity, again reign supreme in the Greek church
of America. All brothers in Christ, are reunited again and act at the
voice of Mother church.
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II ^ ^ Salonikl^ Aug. 9, 1930, p. 1
III ^^ GRESK BISHOP RESIGNEr HIS POST. IV
The Right Rev. Philaretos, bishop of Chicago and San Francisco verbally offered his resignation last Siindajr in the Cathedral of St* Basil, in the presence of the Exarch who came to unify the Greek church in America^ He thus relinquishes his ecclesiastical authority. The action of the distinguished hierarch was \inexpected and created a sensation. Mr» Philaretos* Jurisdiction extends to the Pacific Coast. His services to the Chixrch and the Greek State were priceless. His devotion to his duty is beyond description. This true servant of Christ reached his decision for the benefit of the Greek Church in America desiring to accelerate the unification work of the Patriarchal xarch, Mr. Damaskenos^ The Greeks under his juridiction regret the loss of such an eminent shepherd. Bishop PhilaretDs, in relinquishing his authority, addressed th# Patriarchal Exarch^ in the following words while the multitude listened breathlessly lest they miss a word*
Salonikl, Aug. 9, 1930, p. 1
"Most Rev. Brother In Christ, Metropolitan of Corinthos and Exarch of the Eciamenical Patriarchate, Honorable Consul General, and pious worshippers, there are times in a man's life when the mind stops fxxnctioning and the tongue is unable to utter the sentiments of the heart.
"In that predicament I am now, being in the presence of the Representative Extraordinary of the Ecumenical Throne, who came as an Apostle to bestow peace and harmony to the Oreek church of America.
Joy and sorrow fill xa^ heart. Joy, because divine providence favored me with the duties of Bishop at the Chicago Episcopate, where for eight years, tenderly, carefully and meekly, I have led fas' flock along the road prescribed by our Savior.
My finite mind, which is never free from error, endeavored to wisely tend my flock and glorify the name of God, of which my imperative duty calls for.
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Eight years ago, at the time of my elevation to the present office I solemnly holdt I began to function as bishopt in my wide Jurisdiction which extends to the Pacific Coast, without any material ground to stand upoUf but with only a vial of sacramental ointment and the roster of the Episcopate's priests. Today, I'm glad to sa^', and to glorify the name of our Savior, that I have succeeded, inspite of the many obstacles and impediments, in establishing thirty schools, in organising and founding fourteen new communities, and in build- ing thirteen chtirches. I am glad for what I have done for the new Oreelc-American generation, in establishing catechetical schools at which ten thousand Greek boys and girls are taught our religion, and learn to live the life of Christ.
I am glad, because I have succeeded in establishing certain rules ameliorating the condition of our priests and our teachers, who for a long time were the prey of certain tinscrupulous leaders of com- munities*
Salonl,ki t Aug. 9, 1930*
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The religious and educational pillars (Priests and teachers) of our race in America, today, are standing out as examples*
I officiated in 325 liturgies, preached the word of Ood 400 times, and gave seventy five lectures. I have ordained six priests, three of them, graduates from American institutions* I have ciiltivated the friendship of our brothers in Christ the Episcopalians, who as true Christians and friends, helped Oreece to obtain the national loan, and signed a favorable treaty with Turkey.
I'm glad, that during the trying period of the division of the church, I never thought or uttered a condemning word against a layman or a priest who disobeyed the wishes of our Mother church, and acted against my counsel. Knowing my duties as Bishop and owing to my principles, I have refrained from taJcing sides in politics, not even uttering innuendoes.
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Saloniki^ Aug. 9, 1930»
But if I endeavored to restore order, peace and harmony and unite the divided church and communities, and by doing so I hurt the feelings of some, I have no regrets to offer, because that is a part of my ecclesiastical duty, for which I took an oath to uphold with all my power and might. Lofty and holy canons of the Church compelled me to maintain these livine rules 01 >Qrthodoxy« Order, peace, harmony, unity, and love, stand f ts, * above any sentimental feelings.
Sorrow also fills my heart, because my full aspirations are not fizlfilled* I aspired and worked for the establishment of a Chicago orphanage in whose shelter and \mder the protection of the church, Greek orphstns, would find hav3n, instead of being scattered in various orphanages, in which they may become good and useful citizens, but nevertheless aliens to G-reek culture and religion.
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Saloniki, Aug. 9, 1930
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I aspired to establish in Chicago an old peoples' home for our teachers and priests of the Chicago's Episcopate Jurisdiction. I aspired to establish in Chicago a Greek free hospital » for our needy and poor families. I aspired to establish a Greek Orthodox cemetery in which to bury our deceased, instead of having them scattered at the utter ends of various cemeteries. I dreamed of building a Greek Cathedral in Chicago that would have been a symbol of Hellenism.
All these are necessary for the welfare of the Greek of the Chicago Episcopate, and the rea^^ns that my aspirations were not accomplished, are attributed to the destructive division of the church. In order to realize my dreams and hc.ve all ny aspirations fulfilled, I solemnly tender issj resignation to the Most Rev. Exarch, hoping and earnestly desiring that my successor will not be confronted with the same difficulties that I have been. My action, in relinquishing my office4sprompted by obedience to our Mother church.
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Salonikl, Aug. 9, 1930. ^<^y ^
I first give the example of doing this, that the unification work of the shall be quickly done*
The last sorrow that fills my heart is that I am separated from xny beloved flock, which for majiy years I cared for and nourished with fatherly love and love in Christ*
Those who have refused to accept my advice aTid obey the voice of the church, are forgiven and are blessed. Tiiose ^iho obeyed and cooperated in uplifting the dignity and sacrednes? of the church are blessed, and as a father, I extend my appreciation and thankfulness to them.
I am grateful to His Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch, and the Holy Synod, for the new and greater honors bestowed upon me, and I hope, with the guidance of divine providence, to be useful to Christianity and a faithful servant to our Savior.
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Saloniki, Aug. 9, 1930.
I am gratef\il to the govermuent of my beloved Greece for the honor of Higher Taxiarch, given to me in appreciation of my humble services to the State.
I am grateful to you Most Rev. Exarch, for your brotherly advices, and for accepting my resignation of the office of the Chicago Eoiscopate. And you, my dear children in Christ, I bless with the grace^of Christ,
Peace on Earth, peace and blessing upon the Greek church of America.
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The Greek I'ress, Aug. 7, 1^'30.
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Tue Gr-oek inovei.ient in ']hica[:o has been very :a^xca i.. evi-i'^nCe t.iis ;?,-st .ve--::. veutici*^, "^an ^liots, lances, arrivals au^ de]:artur;^s--ui.^ \tAV . tuk-^n ^.1^103. 'ne of tae nij_.ili^ ats io t.if^ urriv.l -.f ;:i:: iolines^, t.ie :alr i;.rG.i^; I L^[,-t-3, \^:iO ^ede lis L^uulic ap^'euruiiC*:; luot : unduy.
?ro"; "^rie pa[;es o: The <^;reek ?ress an^^ £riloniki, the r^re^^k po..ilution was inf or .ed tli&t His Holiness v/ould say :riQ.st at ft. -*sil 'T.iurcii (A^iou P-isllicu). ;-lt.iOu/h tne Mtropclitiii Da^-iaskinoG ar^iv^:}d pro'r^L\/ at IC n » clo-^!'.:, tno;..iands of Crtho'icx Greekb had been waiting, patieiitly cance early Aorninf^ to see hira.
yass was said by the Patriarchal Le/,,ato» Bisnop Jhiilaretoc of Chicaf c, and fifteen prie ts of tne arious churches. ;\ft'::jr the ch rcn services, Iiis 'loliness addressed tne congregation v/itn a deeply' affectini_ speech. Bisnop Fnilureto al : o spoke, liis ^ioli:iess blessed tne Greek churches in C'iicu[_o for carryiri^^ on o.r Orthodox reli^'icn in tne foreign land.
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Chioa^Of Post, Aug. 2f 1930t in the ocrapbook, p. 49 1 of Mr. P. 3. Lambros, I30 N. './ells 3t. Chicago, 111.
NOTED ELIIS3ARY HERE TO 0U3T GREEK BISHOP
Hot Row BreViTS
The Most Reverend Father DamaskinoSf ecumenical emissary of the Metropolitan of Jorinthf arrived in Chicago today as the guest of Bishop Johannides Philaretos, head of the Greek archdiocese of Chicago and the Middle Westf and will officiate on Sunday at St. Basil's Churcht 733 Ashland Avenue*
Casual readers of this item will find nothing therein to distrub their equilibrium* If the story went no furthertthe copy desk would write a line, "Greek Prelate in ChicagOf* euid let it go at that*
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Chloggo Post> Aug. 2» 1930, in the Sorapbookt p. 49, of Mr. P. S. LaJDbroa, 130 N. V/ells St., Chicago, 111.
But the emissary's visit may be the culmination of a fifteen year feud which has torn the Greek Church in Chicago.
In the Greek-American community, as you doubtless know if you read the Greek newspapers, the comin^ of Daraaskinos has had somewhat the effect of stirring up an immense ant-hill. It has caused a wave of excitement which iias swept from coast to coast.
And the Greek 3tar, today is issuLng a special edition, sixteen pages crammed full of protests from all parts of America.
Incidentally the distinguished emissary's visit places Bishop Philaretos,his host in a rather delicate position. The Bishop must be cordial to his guest, even though the guest has come to depose him.
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Chicago Postt Aug. 2f 1930t in the Sorapbook» p. 49f of Ur. ?. S. Laiabros, 130 N* V/ells St., Chicago^ 111.
At 3t« Basil's Church on Junday all v/ill be sweetness and li^htt but deep under the surface hot emotions v/ill be stirring*
As Feter 3« Lainbrcs, Greek- American lv:iader and editor of the Greek Star puts it«
Constantinople is trying to .louianlxa the Greek Church in Americ^::^, but the Greeks in -cvTiericu v;ill not submit to it»
'•Our Church over here is an autonomous body» and you cannot establish a nation within a nation."
A dramatic incident occurred in Jackson Heights, Ilev/ York, recently in connection v/ith the emissary's visit*
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Chioago Postf Aug. 2f 1930f in the Sorapbook» p. /i9f of Mr. P. S. Lambros, 130 N. V/ells St., Chicago, Ill#
Damaskinos presented his demands to Archbishop Alexandres, head of the Ortho- dox Greek Church of the United States and Canada, \7hen the latter refused to step out, according to the Greek newspapers, Damaskinos offered him $20f000f decorations galore, and a cathedral in Cyprus*
Cajne Two Years Ago
•Damaskinos first came to America two years agOf" said Mr. Lambros."
■He ceime to collect fimds for the relief of the earthquake sufferers in Corinth. He looked around and was impressed by the size and the resources of this country. He saw that the Greek Church was becoming decentralized. He waved the olive branch; then he returned to Corinth to think the situation over."
"Now he comes as a dictator. He has appointed himself the Mussolini of the Church, proposing to move bishops about at will as if they were pawns on a chessboard.
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Chicago Postt Aug. 2t 1930t in the 3crapbook» p* 49f of Mr. P. 3. Lambros, I30 i^» V/ells 3t# Chicago, 111*
He would have our communities dominated by the Patriarch of Constantinople.
"But the Greek Church in America will not accept an autocracy which v/ould make the Patriarch supreme •*
•Conditions here are not like those in the Old ^Vorld. V/e can accept neither the Patriarch as pope nor Damaskinos as dictator •"
Others on the List*
The Llost Reverend Father Joachirai Bishop of Bostont and the Most Reverend Father KaJLlistos, Bishop of San Francisco, are said to be the next on the Dariiaskinos list*
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Ghica^o Postt Aug, 2$ 1930f in the Scrapbook, p» Zj.9f of IJr« ?• 3. Lambros, I30 I"# ".Yells 3t«f OhioagOf 111.
Archbishop Alexandros, althoagh he stood up for his rights, v/as officially deposed by Fhotios II of Cflostftntinpple, it is said, vrithout receiving on opportunity to present his case*
Bishop Vasilios, head of that branch of the Jhurch v/hich still adheres to the Gregorian calendar, v/us excoimaunicated but pardoned*
Thoasajnds of protests against the attei:ipted dictatorship have been received by llr. Lanbros, not only fro.a th^ clergy but also froi.i the laity in>:jluaini many prominent business-.r^en, civic clubs, an-i other orgunizutions*
"o
The other side however, says that the, emissary is entirely within his rights whatever action he tukes#
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The Greek PresSt July 31, 1930.
ST. BAriL CiiU.iCIi
Tiais is to announce that on Sunday, August 3f at S» Basil's Church, 733 ^outr. Ashlanc Blvd., a special raass will be said with His Holiness, Damaskinos and Bishop Filaretoi present as well as priests from other churches. All ^ood Crtnodox Greeks are e^cpectt to attend. Services will start at 10 o'clock sharp.
i<>it..«J;-.Cf. ?-!'■' «* "~^
■*. -. .-.■-►:.-. .'i-vr^r-
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The Crreek Press, July 31, 1930.
ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH
p. 5.- As in all ortliodox churches, St. Andrews, 5658 Y/inthrop Avenue, will hona services every evening from 6 to 7, smarting on August 1st, \intil Panagias day.
All gooa Christians are reminded to come to these masses which are for the Virgin Mary. -
Eirinaios Tsourounakis Archreverend.
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aBIXE
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The Greek Presa, July 3* 1930
ST« ILENZ (St. Helen) CLUB
p» 4«** The St« Ilene club of the South Side held its election of officers on June 9, and elected the following: I. Eopanls, president; E* Dagkos, ▼ice-president; U. Stergios, treasurer; K. Mbouzelas» secretary and committee chairman — P. Argyros, S. Kambosos, &• Chrises, &• Kostakis, U. Kyriasis, L* Argyros » T. Tzatha, and U* Drousas*
^^*!*-u?!^-'*''' ^" '•"••J^'W-'-T -^^ >■
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The Greek Press » July 3, 1930
HICEPTION
p« 4#- A reception was held at Mrs. Arachovites* home for the members of "Srsehia*^, the woman's club of St. Basil churchy whose purpose it is to iisproYe and beautify the church*
The purpose of this reception was to make those present better acquainted with one another. Among those present were Mrs. H'Dimitriou, Zographos* Arachobites, Petropoulos^ Agriostathis, Housman^ Kakahalios* Nestoridos, KanellopouloSt Boumas, Eollias» Tselepi, MBolla* Alexander, Tsikoiiris and Aggelakou*
(Pull)
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The Greek Press, June
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PICIIIG
0. 6»- -he Filoptohos (Friend of the Poor) I3rotherhood of St. Ba.sil's Churcli is ^'ivin^- its annual iiicnic on July 6, i.t Crawford and Devon.
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'xhe G-reel: Press, Jniie 19, IQoO
cci^-Uiir-r-zs
■p. 6.- -iie Unit-d Oree.: Coiainuiiities invi'ce c.ll 'ae..roer3 to '•. .;;eneral csse.acly on June ?^\ 19;i0 ;^t tnree o»cloc:: ^t Ca llir.s -lall, 748 S. Halsted Street. Goo'oer^tiOii 'uivi ;oeac^:. a^.ion , tlie conimuiiities v;ill "be stressed. l^cXiy s-oer-.^cers will be 'oresent. Ev-r^.' "oerson interested in "oro^;ress in t'le G-reel: connunities and t:-c ores ei*vat ion of our church and laji/aa.';e shculc. be or-sent. T.'e laust all .-;et to,^-etrier tc help su-'TOort, in.::tead of f itf^htiii;;; and coin-'')etin^- a^^ainst .ne anotlier.
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1. Docu:.ient of
grain to the
Chio'jjQ ^reek Dail;/^ ^. 6, June 8, 1930 •
^SCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS/
^^hepa^s i-residi:!/ officer tu the L.embershi p, Legate Dariiaskenos on board the S.S» B\'ron«
£:cludine: a tele«
2, Letter of Patriarch i-hotios to the Jreek Press of Ar;.erica re:Cor:;ing of the Legate of the Patriarchate.
3* Letter of Patriarch Photios to all the orthodox Greeks of .Jiierica.
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Chicago Sreek Dally^ Jtine 8, 1930, p* 6
&R!!BK
PHOTIOS, BY THE GRACE OP GOD, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, NEW ROME AND ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH*
Q "^''•^- A.J
To th respected fellow nationalistic press in Americat charity and the peace of God our Lord«
While stressing the importance of the firmness of our fellow Greeks in America, as a select part of the Patriarchal throne and as a great contributing factor in the affairs of the Church and of the nation, we regret the deplorable division prevailing among them» It has caused much harm to the Church and to the nation for many years.
We are confident that the disastrous effect of this division and strife has been realized by all. Once more there is now awc'^ened in the hearts of all, great expectations of the revival of the piety and steadfastness that has always distinguished our nationality*
^2--
Chicago Oreek Dally # June 3, 1930.
GREEK
We are encouraged to believe that these changes are now taking place because of your love and devotion to the Mother Church, Because of these hopes we send as our special Patriarchal Legate and Representative the eminent and very beloved Archbishop, the Most Reverend Dajnaskinos of Corinth, Under his guidance we believe the past conditions will be biirled in oblivion, and the former bonds, cementing us together and to the Mother Church, will be restored.
We ask our press to strengthen this work of reconciliation and unity.
In keeping the idea of harmony paramount, the press is performing a
great work to the church and to the nation, and will receive the benediction
of the church for its great service.
May the Lord inspire and strengthen all in this work of reconciliation and peace.
May the grace of God and everlasting mercy be with your Honor in your labors.
O
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Chicago Sreek Daily, June 8, 1930.
aREIK
April 9th 1930
Photios, of Consteininople, ordained prayer to God for all»
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The Sreek Press, June 5, 1930, p. 5
ST. ANDREWS V/OhfflN'S CLUB.
Recent elections have disclosed the following new officers: P. Rifakis, president; D. Chirigos, vice-president; D. Nikolopoulos, treasurer; E. Nikolooo\ilos and G. Annes, secretaries. Chairmen axe P. Lambros and T. Valos. Committees are headed by G-. Chelos, N. Basilopoulos, Gr. Kontos, K. Ranias, N. Athansopoulos, E. Chirigos, K. S. Arantakis, Johnson, C. Zoi, A. Da'nianos, A. Petrakogiannis and D. Konstantinou.
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reGoected, .rs- cone to "o-'Ci" ti\e rree^: elenen"
'^t ~^'0^."'-^rr , re irerenT,r-.ti''.^e o~ t .o Pr trl rrr/.:-r.tr. rep'-: 'ov-rn'^ent, 'lir o^inionr- p^A .rad're 'lent
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or. T-^ do fo, C'^ .rbTo ' r:d no c.rr:.±~i.)e6. ^ith r:o '"^thin- Deride?
^^Dilit;' -;id "'ill no'-^er, ronetnln t - ■"■ e;-,courr ;es pnd rerninrt'^p, ^nd tr'-^t so-:oth~'- : if jf^-.triptig^., Ti^j. ?, tro ii ^ht -lev. -^r'^r^lrinoR , n;^?^ ;roved
ne -)Os?z
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Sone one of our fellon io'i^ni-iir'tF -rote, recent"'^, innuirin .; r? tr^ vrhrt :-is -^i ..nt ^ever/^rce '"0"''d d.o on 1/^ndin • i:i
ow Yor:; v^ould he visit tl.e
f-tj.?nti?^, fir^~"t, or t^-o f"'^tionr>,l r.err'ld, — -^f-* if ]zf^ \Tere -- wandering "•■"iest, v''':0 ".'O'lld d-v-^ tried to f: elicit fr>vor fro'i eitie"^ o" t)je er Yor.-: >ree-: d.-i'^ier, ro r? to ne recon^"'!e?ided to tie dree'i-zf: for ro;e nositioni
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Chicp,:o ^reel: J.^ilv. Vjpsr 24, 19~0
'..lift p diopei-.->9ctf;il nuertion to p?-<:.
A
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ry
Hi^-iit rcev. Jrnp.s^lcinos res uelconed on the Steamer Dy the Mayor of -fe\7 Yor>, in behalf of the city of ivev; York, throu^^r. p -orox:;-.* 'i'his i? .^^jffi- cient, ^"6 thinl'i, for the .io^jirnr.l th-^t -orinted the cori'ients to 'inderpt^nd the val^ie of tuif^ r-)0v'tle from J-reece.
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The Greek freBS. iiJay 14, 1930
NKA Gil'lEA I'li^'WDANOB
p» 5 Last Sunday the yoxxng Ladies of the South bide gave us a very enjoyable day to remember, we think even they did not expect such a crowd at their Mother's Day tea-dance.
The program was long ani varied. It started when G. Kambas * orchestra played the Greek and American Anthems. Miss Mitchell, president of the club gave a brief address in Greek explaining Mothers uay. i>he then presented little M. Nikoletsea, seven years old, who recited a long pcea. The audience demanded two encores before they would let him go. As he took his place at his parents' table, the clapping of the audience was deafening, tie was followed by Dr. P. Chronopoulos who is president of the Greek ^Professional Men's club. Miss bieppis recited, loung A. Tsoumas song '*Gero Dimus'* accompanied by Olga Massias on the piano. Jtie encored two American songs and **Xenichtioes'*. Archrev Tsourounakis said a prayer for *'iitother** Mr. Kambas closed the program by again playing a few selections. After tea was servea. everybody d}
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GKiiaii'K
The Greek trees, itxy 14, 1930
ladies are to be congratulated on their success. They are Miss Mitchell, president; Miss Petropucus, vice-president; Miss Markoutsas, secretaryj Miss Bossinas, treasurer; and Llisses Llouzakiotis, bpirrison, Darrellas, Batsakis, Kournetas and Dilmberakis, trustees* iiix-^presidents Mitos and Floudas should be included*
IIL^ Salonlkl. May 10, 1930, p. 5 fi^ ^p>. ^ GREM,
II a. 3 b
I^ 3 1 a Tb;^ AInID DAI^iCB.
On the occasion of Mother's Day the philanthropic society of Greek young women Nea Genea, ^ill give a tea aJid dance tomorrow, Sunday afternoon, at the Hotel V/indeimere IJast, 55th St. and Hyde Park Blvd.
The frolic will last until 8:30 P. M. a.id the program includes Greek and American songs, recitations of poems, and musical selections, by the pupils of Mr. Kampas a professor of music.
This party is one of many annual events given by the philanthropic society, whose activities in social and philanthrope n affairs are of the highest order. Over 600 persons will attend the sffkir, it is anticipated.
s
Organizers and conductors of the celebration of Mother's Day are Mis
Metsoulas, Miss Metou, Miss Ploudas, Miss Batsakis^ Miss Petropoulou,
Miss Markoutsas, Miss Stamou, Miss Bombee, Miss Haida, Miss Vosynas,
Miss Spyrison, Miss Kourneta, Miss Passialis Miss Beller, Miss Petropoulos,
Miss Mouzakeotes, Miss Katradis. Of course the cooperation of all the ladies
of the society, as always is the case, will make the affair a success.
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Salonikl. May 10, 1930.
aSBEK
Miss MetsoulaSfPresideatj will preside at the celebration. American national anthems will be played first.
The (Jreek and the
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The Greek treBs. May 7, 1930
ST. ANDRSv7S DDINSR-DMCK
UKhlHiK
p. 4 lest Saturday evening, a dinner-fiance was given by the ladies of •H. .Andrew's in the hall of the church.
^
<y> \
Many well-known Greeks were there and the affair was a huge success* The proceeds are to be used for the needs of the church and the school*
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Saloniki, i^y 3, 1930
POPUIARrrlf UONTislijT.
p« 3 The heralded popularity contest which was sponsored by St. Basil's Cathedral, took place last iiunday at the i>heriaan hotel*
Four thousands Ureeks and others, of both sexes, partook in the festivity. Two hundred and fifty Grecian maidens and matrons entered the contest • The celebration was a grand success. The participants, Greeks and others, had an opportunity to ajnuse themselves with Grecian feminine emotions which were very acute ♦ iat hough no blows were exchanged amongst the fair competi- tors :the fire, the envy, the scorn and other feminine emotions of a sixteen inch caliber were there smoldering and ready to explode at the slightest provocation. Thanks to the Goddess Aphrodite for precautionary measures were taken in advance by the organizations committee* The Greek ladies complying with the explicit request (but it was strict orders) of the committee, refrained from any explosions, and conducted themselves magnificently. The aspect was that of a panorama.
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W.P.A. i^ I GREEK
^c. y
baloniki, fey 3, 1930
bmiles and joviality were conspicuous everywhere.
ihe first prize of the contest was tied between a matron and maid, and this award was a Chrysler autonobile* Pandemonium was on the verge of breaking out. rhe winners of the first prize, matron and maid were eyeing each other like fighting cocks (you know). The wise Greek coi^jrnittee, alert as ever, cut the (iordian knot, with the quickness and ease of Alexander the Great. i3atron a id maid will each receive a Uhrysler.
The winners and the awards aret
( 1- tors, oophia Ueorgeou- Uhrysler
( 2- Hiss Alexandra ualoeda-<;hrysler 3-* Irene J^^ollia-i^iamond King
4- iinna ^emopoulou-hadio
5- i^^ina natzopoulou-i>iamond .Vatch
6- Katherine r.ousea--^iariiond King
7- Georgia i lada-watch
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(iRESK
Saloniki^ -ay 3, 1930
rte deemed it our duty to congratulate Mr. Kokinos, President and all the iiixecutive council of ot, Basil's cathedral, for organizing the contest • The entire program was magnificent, i.'e further congratulate the contestants for their brilliant and stimulating interest which made the contest much more interesting and successful.
JJancing with gaity follov/ed the awards, and lasted until past mid-night.
GEhliilK
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The Greek Press, April 30, 1930, p. 5
/PATIiiNTS VISITED/
From the Oak Park Tuberculosis hospital we hear that the Greeks of that institution were visited during the iiiaster holidays by women members of St. basil and ot* James ohurchs, the Nea Genea and Rev. Zografos of St« Basil, lliey forgot no one and made it a day that will long be remembered by the "Shut-Ins''*
Etc:;^
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The Sreek Press. April 16, 1930
NM GSNEA
P. 5*- Elections were held last week by the Nea Grenea club* The following were elected: President, H. Mitchell; Vice President, P* Petroponlos; Secretary, I. Spirrison; and Treasurer, A. Bosinas. Trustees: Misses C. Dilberakis, A. Batsaki, M. Zoumeta, A. Barela and S. Mouzakiotis*
o
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GRPrtSK
The Greek Press > March 26, 1930
ST. GEOHGE CHURCH LADIES SOCIETY
p« 5»- Last Friday the following women were elected officers of St. George for the coming year: Mrs. Earkazis* president; vice-presidents , Mrs. Chamilomati and Tzanetakou; secretary, Mrs* Panagiotarou; and treasurer, Mrs. Argyropoiilos. Trustees are: G. Eordopatis, E. Tulupan, P. Siama, D. Mbartzali, P. Bouloukou, K. Zaphiropoulos and E. Eypiazi.
Election officers: M. Kominos, K. Bookes, and A. Vombrak.
Ill C The Sreek Press, Mar. 26, 1930, p. 4 GREEK
ST- BASIL POPULARITY CONTEST. ^PA (ILL) FRCi. ^U^il/i)
The following are the votes, up-to-date, of the popularity contest conducted by the St. Basil Chtirch.
Alexandra Kalocda 137,200
Sophie Theodore 136,000
Marion &imo\ikak 131,000
Georgia Ladas 116,200
A. Demus (Demopoulou) 111,100
Jennie Economopoulos 111,000
Sophie Georgias 106,300
Nina Hajon (Hatzopoulou) 106,200
Alice NiStoridou 106,100
Nina Perdikas 101,000
Alexandra Ttilupan 101,000
Phyllis Riniotis 81,000
Sophie Bexie 97,500
Anna Mastrogianis 96,000
5i?r*s;-~.. — tt; — ^^^^ -f-i-a.-i.w. . ■ ., > Ti.».j^,7i«-~-- .^s:,-.,.,-]^^^^'
-2- III .0 The Sreek Press. Mar. 26, 1930. &HEEK
Ella VoTirnazou 96,000 p ,j, , ^ p.,pj ...^^
Irene Kollias 91,000 ^^^ ^' v'^"'^ ^^''^•^^ '^^^^ ^^
Harriet Lieouris 91,000
Bertha Floras 91,000
Dena Demas 91,000
Kathryn Houseas 87,100
Lulu Georma 86,000
Elizabeth Pappas 86,000
Muriel Columbus 81,000
Eugenia Con to s 81,100
:2s telle Mouzakiotls 101,000
Irene Birozi 76,000
Sylvia Calvert 76,000
Stella Katradis 76,000
Anna May Havas 76,000
Magdaline Cokins 72,100
Chloe Zaharibu 71,000
Lillian Liakaki 66,200
Miss Maropoulos 66,000
Diana Shepis 61,000
Bessie Vanias 56,000 •
Ill G
GBMK
The Greek Press > March 19, 1930
ST, ANDRBfS LADIIS SOCIBTY GIVES BANQUET
p« 4»«- The ladies of St. Andrews gave their third annual banqiiet last week in the hall of the church. Ahout 130 members and friends were present. The banquet committee was made up of Mrs. Papanastasio, Mrs. Rifakis and Mrs* Chamales. Mrs. Lambros, president, welcomed the guests and introduced Mr. Depasta, Consul; Mr. Dritsa, lawyer; I. Tcoiagra Kopadis, wife of the Serbian Consul, and Mrs* Rifakis, who recently returned from Greece. A progr€tm followed the dinner, in which Mrs* Kopadis gave a recitation. The entire afternoon was a great success.
( SiDTO^rv)
JMS^
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The Greek Press^ Mar. 5, 1930.
CATECHISM.
6-RSEK
Reverend IS. Tsourounakis has asked us to remind everyone in the community of St. Andrew Church that Catechism is being taught every Wednesday between 8 and 9 P.M.
Next Friday the Heretismoi Tis Panagias begins and will continue for seven weeks. The choir will be there at every mass.
•..TTr.cri^-.;jjSiU-i^^Ji -111 w^w^-r^— r^aaix
OREEK
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Salcniki, March 1, 1S30.
SE\^ENiH MASqUERADE bALL OF MEA GENEA
p, b.- Over 4,000 people participated in the Seventh Masquerade Ball given by the progressive society of G-reek ladies, Nea G-enea, South Side Division at the Trianon.
Awards in gola were given to the best disguised, t)y the following Judges: Paul Demos, G-eorge Kyriaicopoulos, Stylianos Kekas, Mrs. Pafanti, Mrs. Tzovani ana Miss Stavro\ilas J. Floudas, President of Nea Genea. xhe first prize was won by Miss Stamos.
The dance continued to the early morning hours.
JU_
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The greek Press, Pet. 26, 1930. SREEK
ST. HELEN ORGANIZATION
The Women's Club of St* Helen of St« Constantlne Church gave a tea-* dance in the hall of their church last Tuesday.
The women and young ladies had a wonderful time. They sang and danced Greek accompanied by Mrs* Thalia Tzobanis and Basilikin N. Tsamis.
■-=r \
III c
III E The Greek Press ^ Feb. 26, 1930. SREEK
HEA aENEA DANCE.
A large "Bravo "should be extended to €dl the Grreek men and women who were to the Nea Genea dance given last Uonday. Although this annual dance has always been a successt we never expected such a huge crowd. They poured into the Trianon from all parts of the city. Despite the huge throng everybody had a good time. We congratulate the young ladies for this splendid event.
-- .-. .iA.
Ill C^ The Sreek Press . Feb. 19, 1930.
II B 1 a 4
I A 2 a ST. OBOR&E DANCl.
Last Siindajr a dance was held at St. George church* In spite of had weather people kept arriving all evening. The music began at 8:00 P*ll*t and everyone continued dancing all evening long. During the intermission there was a brief program. The girls of the St« George school song **E Blaha" and Misses Samas and Bartzalis 8>!!ing a duet accoopanied by Mary Psiharis.
Miss Mary Bolianitis from New York thrilled everybody with several beautiful Greek songs. The Board of Directors of St. George are: Mrs. Vombraky president; Mrs. Karkazis, secretary; Mrs. Chamilomtis^ treasurer; Mr:. Kom^nos, vice-president. Mrs. Theofilopotilos, TsaneTakis, Bartzi»Ii8« Eyriazis, Touloupan, BouloukaSt Kordomanis^ Psiharis and Mall'ris are the trustees.
Ill c II B 1 a
II B 2 e
The Greek PresB^ Feb. 19 » 1930. ST* ANDREW^S
fflffimgir
This coming Wednesday, February 26* at 7:30 P« U. St« Andrews is holding an open meeting at the chiirch hall, 5658 ^inthrop Ave* Urs* Tanagra Eopadis is going to speak^ J. Niklopoiilos and D. Bournas are going to play mandolin duets, and J. Papageorge will sing a few songs. Everyone will want to be there. Admission is only one dollar*
Ill c
Chica/ o Greek naily, Feb. 11, 1^30.
Tiif] r:::"v gi^niratich of tai 5'Cuth tid::.
The young women's society, <n own as the New Generiition of tne Touth Side, has been actively on record for se\en years. Durinti: all tnase years it nas wor.ced zealously, 'and itb activity nas been reco^,nized by all tiie (]reeics €>£ Chi'^-it^o, so much so, in- deed, tnut every year tney attend en masse tnv. so^iet^/'s mas4uerade ball, held in trie lar^ e and ;.ia^nif icent Trianon ballroom. For seven consecutive years tnis ball has been held by the ycun[- ladies of the Ne-v Genera Ion Tcciety, and the Trianon is always filled to caj?acity by people, who wish to be la^rry and '^njoy the entertain- ment • V/e congratulate the young women, v/ho first conceived the idea.
It is an encouragirg sign for our new generation, mien young women, such as those who make up the various organizations of our youtn, feel the necessity of forming socie- ties, to labor and struggle for noble purposes, buch as tne maintenance of our schools and the welfare of the unfortunate.
Their noble endeavors are worthy of all praise, and we wish for them that they may never know the bitter disappointments of life.
'■' I, '• •
III C The Sreek Press > Feb. 5, 1930* GKEEK
IV
ELECTIONS AT ST. CONSTANTINE CHURCH^
Elections at St. Constantine Chtirch were as follows: J. CJhrisos, president, J. Sotiropoulos, vice-president; N. Kabouras, secretary; &• Krokidas, treasurer. Board of Directors are: &• Pitas, B. Karagiannis, S. Trigonis, C. Banigeris, H» Rekas, P. Koliakopculos, C* Ladas, G. Lempesis, &• Splrost k. Aggelopoulos, N. Nomikos and K« I^alliris.
i^i-^ The Greek Press t Jan. 29, 1930. GREE^
ELECTIONS AT ST. BASIL CHURCH.
Last week the Women's Club of St. Basil church held elections for th^^ coining year.
Officers elected are as follows.
President- Mrs. A. Kokkinos
Vice-President Mrs. K. Mouzakiotis
Secretary Mrs. Sabbas
Treasurer Mrs. J. Stratigus
Trustees Mrs. Kontus, Kapanta; Stratigos, Poulus and Mexis.
Ill c I A 2 a
The Greek press, Dec. 2^, 1929 ,
The v;oraen of ..'t. Basil Church are [giving a Christen?.:- c-'l-^bration at 2:30 P»:'.inext Sunday, in the hall of the church. Gifts v/ill be y.ven '-o the ^jLr.ils cf t.ie scaool and refreshraents will be servii.
Ill c
Tae Greek } ress. Dec. 26, K'29.
•^r^' ' j»^-.^i.
This coming Sunday the church of Ki..iisis Tis Theotokou is (_ivin^ a Christinas Tree celebration. The v/or/^n are in charge and v;lll distribute ^ifts to all children that are present.
Ill c IV
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?wev. C nbtuntine I^^■^•^:ipltkios will take the place of 'rr^iTov. ">enaloc Tsouroanakir as prie:.t of Gt. Dacil Church.
Ill c
The Greek PresSt Dec. 18, 1929#
GBEEE
DANCE OP KOIMISIS TIS THEOTOKOU.
The Koimisis lis Theotokou Church is giving a dance next Wednesday in the hall of the church* Everybody is invited and, knowing the purpose of the dance, should he present.
Ill c IV
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The rreek rrosF, ^oc. 11, 1
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o^ ^'r'3o: Cr't:io ;ox \iri:'tiuns C3:ie .f^ro.: all jurto o;"* ^:hi; -it,.- to ;.t^v^..c t.^e^e l^:.^t rites .
. X
Archrev. I- ana^ ox^oulos has been prominent in ■reek a"':'air:: for th*: l^-.-.t f J -^tsori -re'-.rs i/.etropolitai' Bai.llio:: officiat^i, ai^cicted "by tea ot.^r prierts of tiie "'.iic-;:[',o chur^hes. T-'io Greek :'*.o:mriUinty of r'hio:.i-_o i'3 sr. ;'beciu5e of hir pac inp- away. God rest hiG soul.
Ill c II D 10
GREEK
C
Chicago Greek Daily, Dec. 10, 1929.
^^^TJNERAL OF THE RB7ERSM3 PMIAGOPOULO^
Solei.'in and impo^sing v/es the funeral cf the doceased priest, the "beloved 'Jnurit, Pana,: opoulos, v/hose funeral services v/ere conducted by the yii^^nt Rev. !!etroecli- tan Bishop Basileos with ten priests.
A large crov/d from all over Chicago flcv/ed into Holy Trinity '^liurch to utt^3nd the funeral services of the popular priest, or white presbyter ar ^cie one called hiri., referring to his pure v.hite soul and bl!i:;.eles3 life. Funeral or-.ticn. -./..-.re de- livered by the Ri^ ht Rev. Bishop Taraleo*? and by y-jth^r .'vverkios. breaths v;ere deposited by the parishes and by the Ladies* ._ocieties, nai.iel^-', tne nev;ly launched Lodge of Gupa; "heartn", i:ie .-issooiation of l.louners; uiid tai-.t of :';'t. Bi^rbara de- cided instead of wreatiis to distribute the ;;ioney for flov/ers to poor Hreel: fanilies, v/no suffer tnis year especiblly, aiid fo to mitigjite tneir Misf ort.me, confident tnt=t Father Panagopoulos ' soul v;ill cheerfully approve of the unfuding flo/;er of kindness.
Ill c
The Gre'.iic '^rer.c, 'lec. L, I'
529.
GR.j_iJ:v
• '-
, 1 '
Last ?Uiiday evening: t:ie second annual -lunce of the women's '"lub of rt, ..nrir-:ivr» :• was held in tlie hull of the cliurch. ;.ll Cni^'"'>eO seeTued to be there, Airion^:;tho l-^dies vie sav/ Lirs."of • ntis, Raklios, (Jnia[,ouris, Mna^iotis, T. Valo: , Ter:akis, Kara- giannis, Annes, papatheodore, I'iss Perries, \[rs^ Kontos, pappas, "'isses Kotsionis and Cairi^oSf lirs. Gana, Daraianos, Kotsonis, papa^eor^e, Cnronopoulos, A. Kararian- nis, Tneodore, Kakarakis, Johnsoni JnajualeGii-aleoloiAOS, Crania, Becnares and ^'issec Boulcukos, Filiotis, Mitos aiid ctners^
Ill c I A 2 a
The Gre^k Press, Dec* 4, I929.
The dance [ iven by Ct. Helen' g club of : t. Conctantine Jhurch txnd
AOTtiii? .^chocl
a groat success'. Anoni: those ores-nt v/ere: r. Seriadi^-, 'r. i:uli.ar:i:i, :.r. -^arlr.s. and his sitJter Atiiana^-io, ::.ri^. 'T'rakos, :^r. Toulou^an an. ni^ isi^ter, t:\^ Vitxtio^^ui.s sisters and many others. '!e congratulate I'rs, Zataas, t.-i President i.rs. Kcutso.ais,
and
4- ne Secretary Helen Dalkos for tneir indefatl: able >vcrk.
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The annual dtj^ce of Kcinii:;!;: T^s Tieotc-:ou wi].! "::3 ^ivon ".'e :h-i j s i - y , '^•?^'?^nb-^r 11, +. r.
at one l.u^estic .luli, ...247 ^'.adison ftreet.
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V.'hat ',70 know of previouG picnicG '-i::d -,iw^.j ^
las t.i^t tru rr v;ill ho fon ev'?nt no ce o-.u-ht ^^o ;:iic^»
lie r.Gl-..l'l
Ill C &BEEK
The Qi^eek PresSg Nov» 27, 1929.
mm
RELI&IOUS HOLIDAY.
Saturday, November 30, is the holiday of the Apostle Andrew and the church which is named for him, on Hollywood and Winthrop Avenues, will hold a special mass. Friday evening there will he an Esperinos at 7 o^ clock and on Sunday evening there will he a dance in the hall. Every one is invited.
Ill c I A 2 c
The Sreek Press, ^ov. 20, 1929«
G-HEBK
^mm
ST. ANDREWS DANCE*
^
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The annual dance of the women's cluh of St. Andrews will take place on December 1. at the CShurch, 5658 Winthrop Avenue. Proceeds are for the benefit of the school.
■rtK.-
Ill c
:lcago Greek Daily, "ov. 21, 1929.
r
The dedication of St. "icholas vail be celebrated Thursday, :~ov. 28, Th-anks- givinr daj'', at 5957 S. Peoria St.
'^his riost dif:nii*ied celebration ;;ill be conducted by the Host Reverend Metro- politan Bishop Easileos,
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Ill c
The Srsek Press. Nov. 6, 1929. ST. ANDREWS WOMEN'S CLUB.
GBESK
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^.
Last Wednesday, October 30> the CJreek Women's Club of St. Andrew's gave a dinner for its members and friends. The food was donated by various members under the direction of the chairms^n/lrs. Kontos. The banquet took place in the hsdl of St# Andrews church*
After everyone had enoiigh , Mrs. Hatsi Dimiteiou the priests wife, presented a large banquet to the new president, Mrs. Lambros. She then presented a gold cup to Mrs. T. Valos for her patient and progressive work*
A program followed in which Mrs. N. Nikolopoulus played the piano and Misses Ladas auad Theodore rented a dialogue. The women responsible for this successful event were:
Mrs. Kontos, E. Tsirilos, Tselos and &. Annie.
—9-
The Sreek Press > Nov. 6, 1929.
GHBEE
Officers are • Mrs. Lambros, president; J. Papras, vice-president; P# Chirigos, secretary; and Mrs. K. Terzakis, treasiirer.
Among those present were: K. Stauropoulos, Fermos, Tsamales, Kalogeropoxilus, Rifakis^ T. Valos, P. Chirigos, P. Lambros, J. Pappas, Terzakis, Hatzidimitriou, Kontos, Chelos, Annis, Develekos, Ketkarakis, A. Anastou, Pilapas, Andrews, N. Granias, S^ Theodoropoulus, Katsotilis, S. Valos, Karastathis, L. Vogionis, N. Nickolupoulos, Kolontouris, Ganas, Paleologos, Karalis, Sarantakis and others.
Ill G
The Oraek Press, Oct* 16. 1929
/i}ii^Jii LhlDIjS to hold D.islCE/
aREEK
The Oreek ladles of St. James are preparing for a dance on St. James day In the hall of the church. The Ladies Educational Society is co- operating with the church of Evangelismos to make the evening a success because funds are needed to properly maintain the new building*
Ill c
The Greek Press, Oct. 16, 1929.
DANCE AT THE CHURCH OF ST. COIlSTAKTINE.
GBEEK
Last Stinday evenings the priest of the church of St. Constantine, Rev* Marcus Petrakis arranged for a small dance in the hall ol' the church for about 100 young people and many parents • Refreshments were servedt donated by women of the comnmnity.
Rev. Petrakis is always promoting means for keeping the &reek boys and girls interested in the Oreek church and Greek commimity life. He is to be congratulated on the progress and success of the purpose, and we wish him further success in his efforts.
Ill C The Greek Press, Oct. 16, 1929. SREEK
I A 2 a
III A THE RAVENSTOOD COMMUNITY. WPr (iU.) -'^^1 ^^^'^
With the growth of the city, the Greek people have spread far apart and moved into various communities* Such a community is Ravenswoodt where hundreds of Greeks reside and where the church of St* James and the Greek-American school Solon are established.
..^. r,| , 1^ .-'T^
III C CSKTCK'
The Greek Press, Oct* 9, 1929.
COUMEUORATION
We are annoxmcing to the Greek people of Chicago that on Sunday, the 13th» the Kimlsis Tis Theotukou Church will hold a commemoration of the soul of Oikoumenikou Patriarch Basiliou the Third.
The Board of Directors*
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The ->ree': Pre-?, Se^t. 1^^ l'^29
A ii:r\i^3-^r.:A:r': i:: chicaX)
Mr. SiirDG -^i'-iitrios, rn Atlieni-^n -jrof "^r^or r.ncl .^/-^jier.-^.;^ re -)resentAti\^e of "?pn-jior To.fo5?" hp? De^n in Ohicp-o for several d/^ys.
^i? purpose in Zhlcc _:o i? to e^tro'^i^h :■ chp;ter of P^nr^ los T-^fos here. ThiF Athenian or j;2ni Motion hr ■ cli-^t-rs \n • "^.1 orrtr of ^^res^^ce in orr^er to .r..:e oil^^rinr ;er to Jcrusr^ eii -nd the holy Land.
Cnior:' :opn? -■^^ invited tn tne i)}^-rv~n hotel, in order to lierr ..r. -J'li:iitrio'^ e:-.}lrin the ^:1 rnd ho'" he h-r rlrerd" ctr^rt-d p chr aer in ^.
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Salonikl, Aug. 24t 1929, p. 5
MOONLIGHT DANCE BY N2A GENEA.
GREEK
The society Nea Genea composed of Greek young girls is organizing a unique dance in the open to be given on August 27th, 8 P* M# at Pilsen Park, 26th Street and Albany kve.
These young girls always have had success with thoir social affairs, due to the fact that they always present something new and interesting.
Nea Genea is known for its philanthropic doings and financial assistance to our Greek schools*
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ni c
GPoEK
The greek Press. A^ji^. 21, 1929
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T:^ H:i:lA a3i;iKA mi.CE
This coming Tuesday the youn^^ Indies of the l:ea G-enea club are givin,;^ their rnoonli£;''t dance at Pilsen Pari:, 2Sth and Albany Ave.
The wonderful insoirrtion of iTew G-ene? to j^;ive us a chance to dance under the stars must be supported by everyone.
4
The endeavors of the /ouiic^ l.qdies have been such that we must help them out. T'here is, noreover, a philanthropic purpose behind it.
There is, no doubt, but that the dance will be a, success. The Hawaiian music will also ro.d nwch to the enjoyment of the evening.
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The or":r!ni':rtion o"!^ .'0'r\ ; •••^■nen, ITsr -^^ner , 1 in^; on ^ue*dry, Au-^us^t 27. i-z-ev -re -^r jr-ni '^i
:ivii.": ri'^ --21 iinur.u 1 ev&n- r noon^i.:l~;t d-nce in -'hich
the
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Irie^e TO'Juiri: "^ rdies li-ve est^^h] i ?he:l o;'ie of t:'? hei't or-p.ni'^.ed cluos in oiir citv. I'.oeir "jni"! -^'r.thro'oic deed? hpve -'o
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GRKEK
Tlie Grffek Prers. Aug. 7, 1':'29 THE GIl2i]i: CHTHODOX C:-imCE EVAi^GELISMOS
O :
The follo^Tin:-; is an o^-en letter from the G-rr^el: Orthodox Church Evangelismos, 1017-19 II. La Salle Street, Chi ergo, Illinois.
To our T-Ienihers:
You pxe invited to attend a nieeting on the gth of ^Augijist, 1929, Thursday, at 7:30 P.M., in the auditorium of our Oreek school Solon, 27?7 V/inona Street.
At this meeting we will discuss: (l) The recognition of the Archie Piscopacy of Horth and South America. (2) Various phases concerning the 35th article of our Constitution. Your presence is necessary.
The President, G-eorge K^ramhelas. The Secretary, Christ G-regory.
in c
GHi.aK
The Greek Press. Aug. 7, 1929 iffiA (Si3A DA-:CE
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The yoting Icdi^s' orc;^ajii2:p.tion, lien Cxeneo., is ,c^ivin^ a lioonli^^iit c;^ll on the evenin- of A^\;^ji.st 27th, a.t Pilsen ?.?rl:, situated at 26th and Albany Streets.
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III H
G-REEK
Saloniki, June 1, 19?9.
RAVENS* INVASION - B
IS Tiiii VATICAiJ A CHRISTIAN INSTITUTION?
EDITOBIAL.
In o\ir previous publication we have written of the descent, of the Vatican "birds of prey upon Greece. They came under the instruction of the Pontiff, disguised as Greek priests, '^nd began to spread their heinous propaganda. These Jesuits and Ounites are a real menace to the Greek race. Not only the governnent of Greece, but Greek people the world over, must take drastic measures to defend themselves from the rapaciousness of these carnivorous birds of the Vatican*
These articles are written for the Greeks of America, who must stand \inited and ready to defend the religion of their race. As you aro aware, that many efforts of iinseen powers to undermine the structure of our religion in AL^ierica have been made, you are counselled to be on your guard when approached by these so called Greek Catholics. Our Mother church has nothing to do with these pseudo-Greeks, who call themselves Greek Catholics.
-2-
GREEK
Saloniki, Jxine 1, 19?9* i: Ui'^t. ^]
The Roman Church as a Christian institution could have been and could be yet a great factor in Christianity, J.f she were democratic, and worked, in cooperation with the other Christian faiths for the welfare anj peace of manlrind aid upon the principles of Christianity, as taught by Jesus Christ#
Unfortunately the Vatican inherited all the vices and traditions of the Roman Empire and being unable to utilize the Roman Legions, the Vatican sent out the Jesuits and its clergy, to mentally and physically subjugate the huimn race. Is the Vatican a Christian institution? Judge for yourself.
The Pontiff of Rome, who maintains thr-t he is the only representative of Christ upon earth, aspires to laiperlal rights, political predominance over all Catholic countries, and wants to impose his will upon non- Catholics with un-christian methods.
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GREEK Saloniki, June 1, 19?9.
How can he represent Christy who was democratic, who walked with the people, and who decried the rogues of religion, the hypocrites and the Pharisees?
The Pope, after signing a treaty with Mussolini and deciding to visit varioiip Italian cities, made up a private train, worth a million dollars, equipped with up to date luxurious extravagant equipment and "bearing the Imperial emblems. What a difference between the modesty ajid meekness of Christy riding a donkey, and the arrogance, boastfulness and Mega Lomania of his representative, traveling in a private train with the pomp and display that no world master or emperor had ever dreamed of in past history. Thus the Vatican endeavors to build its power upon the illiteracy and fanaticism of the common people, and gradually has become the most mysterious organization in the world.
Is the Vatican a Christian institution? Is the PoToe the representative of Christ? The answer is for you to find, after you weigh the evidence impartially.
The time will come when the Catholic people themselves will uproot this mysterious organizations.
III C GREEK I B 4 Saloniki. May 18, 1929, p. 3 ;>
IV ^: 'rj ^;
ST. CONSTA-TINE'S CHURCH C3LEBRATBS ITS ANNIV2RSAHY. V' -V
We inform our parishes and all the Greeks of Chicago and suburbs that on May 2l8t we will celebrate the anniversary of our church St. Constantine.
On Monday night the eve of the festival, a mas 3 will be held and grand vespers will be sung by the arch-priest of the church. Rev. M. Petrakis, assisted by pastors from other Greek churches. After the Vespers, the traditional bread-cutting of the G-reek ladies society St. Helen will take places
On the day of the ceremony, the panegyric liturgy will be performed by Rev. Petrakis assisted by Rev. Muzakiotis, pastor of the Greek church at South Bend, Ind. (who will deliver the panegyric oration), Rev. Doulgerakis, pastor from Racine, Wis. and Rev. A. Arcadios, arch-deacon of the diocese.
The friend of the poor, Greek ladies society, St. Helen, will hold its annual celebration at the same time.
All Greeks of Chicago and the suburbs are invited to attend the festivity of the church and show appreciation of the noble work done by St. Helenas society.
The Office Of The Church.
>
III c
GREEK
Salonikl, April 20, 1929, p. 5
THE NEV/ GEEiiaC CEMETERY.
The Greek diocese in Chicago for a Icng time has aspired to the acquisition of a Greek cemetery. This desire has been gratified and the Greek communities of Chicago have a Greek Orthodox cemetery. It is bought for $100, 000* and composed of eighty acres, situated fifteen miles west of Chicago on Wolf Road between Lake St. and Grand Ave. It is now at the disposal of the Greek masses*
The center of th- cemetery wil ' be beautified by the erection of a Church of Byzantine rhythm, at a cost oi $50,000.
The cemetery is divided intr 10,000 lots, and will contain 80,000 graves. Near and around the proposed church are the burial plo,ces of our oriests and members of their families, on ajiother part of the ground plot, 1,500 bxxrial places are dedicated to paupers of our communities.
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III c
G-ESEK
Salonikl. April 30, 1929
Part cf the gains of the cemetery will be deposited in tnist as a perpetiial care ftmd*
The above sketch in the picture shows the magnificence and beauty of the new church which is going to be built as soon as funds are available*
Ill G I A 2 c III E
3p,loni.:i, A-pril o, 1929
ill^VLY xOii:ZD SCCIETY
-Q. 4.- Youn.^r va;irls composing- the choir of St. Basil's cmirch, formed a ner society, mivier the title G-recian Friendly "Jnion. rae aiia of this nev; society is to assist the criurch and the school of St. Basil. The elected officers are ■ r^ follows: I'.iss Koula Ilestoridou, -oresident; hiss . r ria Lciiuesis, vice-oresident ; I.Iiss Desnina .^ieoi, secretary; .^iss 'TUi^^enia iiichalacopulos , treasurer.
WPA ill L, PRQJ. 3327a
III C The greek Press. Feb. 5, 1929. G-EEEK
NEW PRIEST AT ST. BASIL CHURCH.
Rev. John Zografos has come from Cleveland with his wife to become priest of St. Basil Chxirch. His first mass was attended by members of St. Basil community and many other Greeks. #
Ill G
aR\r^:.
The OreeV: Press, Jan. 2'^, 1929
The rreek Ladies Tducational Society, Solon, r::.ffled c. radio rt their dance, v/hich V;r;,3 v.'on b;- Christ Sarlrs-; . i/.r, Sarlas doiL'^.ted the radio to the church.
Tae 3-reek Press 'orinted in its coluinns the ^-enerous deed of .r. Sarlas
o"
T'na the mLmber of the tic.ret. Several days a^-'o a ..r. J. --otsoooulos ■^resented the ticket v;it/. trie v/innin.j; niunber at the church and deiiianded the raaio. The nroule:n will have to "be solved between tiie church and ...essrs. --otso'ooulos and S' rlas.
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the best :ian v;inJ
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HL^ GREEK
III H -^^^^
Chicago Sreek Dally t Jan. 4, 1929.
THE REGULATION OF THE NEW CALENDAR
The question that has arisen with the adoption of the New Calendar and the division of Orthodox Christians Into New Calendar and Old Calendar camps Is to be regulated definitely and once for all In a manner satis- factory to the Old Calendarltes*
The Old Calendar followers, we mean those who are acting In good faith, have presented as their sole objection the point that a question of such Importance ought to have been regulated by a common decision of all Orthodox churches and not by that of the Patriarchate of Constan- tinople only, which has been endorsed by the majority of the churches but not by all*
The contention of the Old Calendar followers has been proved to be Justified, and therefore It has been considered necessary to call a Pan-Orthodox Convention which Is to decide by a common resolution the matter of calendar regulation because with the decision of the Ecumenical
• S %H. c ■
I
t
- 2 - GREEK
Chicago Sreek Dailyt Jan. 4, 1929.
Patriarchate there are some matters in connection that have not been regulated, among which is the Easter Sunday celebration date. That, with the adoption of the New Calendar, continues to be celebrated in accordance with the Old Calendar.
This contention of the Old Calendarites has been proved
to be true in part because time has shown that Easter S\mday ought to be celebrated according to the New Calendar, and to accomplish this a Synod will be necessary, since the celebration was established by a Synodic resolution, and by another such it must be regulated now.
In any case this specific decision is to be taken by the Pan-Orthodox Convention to be convoked, in which all Orthodox churches will partici- pate, and it will thus partake of the nature of a Synod. It is not easy to have an Ecumenical Synod with the situation in which the Ecumenical Patriarchate at present finds itself, and it is not to the interest of the Greek Church either.
Ill c III E
6RSEE
I tin A .''; ■ '. '- - - "•'■'.•':/£■
Chicago Sreek Daily, Dec. 19, 1928
OUE ICCLSSIASTICAL ^JISTION IN THE GBZXK PiELIAMINT
p. I** Representative Modes put the question, the other day, before the body of the Oreek P€url lament , regarding our Ecclesiastical problem, and the Talidity of the rites performed by the irregulars*
This inquiry sprang up on account of a report of Greeks from America to the Parliament asking for a solution of our church problem* Numerous reports, memorandums, €uid telegrams were sent to the Government, the Holy Synod and the Parliament* Nor is this the first time that an inqxdry has been presented to the i>arliament upon this famous question. However, no attention was paid to it, nor will it be resolved in the future, apparently, so long as a solution is being sought by reports and memorandums.
Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Michalacopoulos, irtio was entrusted by the Grovemment with the solution of the problem made the statement in a press report sometime ago, that otir Ecclesiastical question was a thorny one and it would be advisable for the Greeks of America to solve it by themselves*
Ill 0 - 2 - GBBM III H
Chicago Sreek Daily. Dec. 19, 1928
In £uldition it was said that inasmuch as all the Greeks of America are Americans, the question is American and the Greek Goyernment cannot inter- fere J All of which means that Mr. Hichalacopotdos* as Minister of Foreign Affairs, who undertook to solve the Ecclesiastical question, did not even know what it was all about, because if he had he woxild not have made such a statement* As it seems, he was lU^adTlsed by clever individuals, so that he formed a one-sided opinion and did not bother to acquaint himself with the point of view of the opposite side*
How then, in such a case, when the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who, supposedly, investigated the matter more than anyone else, acquits himself in such a fashion, how is it possible for the Greeks of America to expect from the Greek Government and Parliament the solution of their problem by means of reports, memoranda and telegrams?
The only correct thing tliat Mr. Michalacopoulos said is that the question is a thorny one, and he who would undertake to solve it would have his hands torn, because the clever and perverse exploiters of it, the renegades and apostates, dividers of the Greeks of America, who for the sake of thrones
Ill c - 3 - OrBMK
III E
Chicago Sreek Daily » Dec* 19, 1928
and dollars are indifferent, as to whether churches and communities crumble » 80 long as they can fatten themselves* So far they have succeeded in entangling the whole question so badly it will require long and persistent work in Athens, in order to enlighten the Greek Government as to the real situation of community church affairs here*
Reports and referendums are not sufficient to lift the yoke which Priests, Bishops, Consuls, and even Ambassadors have hung on to the neck of the Greeks in America*
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ill H
GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Dec, 4, 1928.
THE VICIOUS CIRCLE
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p. !• — The former Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Michalacopoulos, who, as we know, undertook while he was in office to solve the ecclesiasti- cal question, now advises the Greeks of America to solve it themselves*
This advice of Mr# Michalacopoulos 's is like the procedure of the doctor who, unable to do anything for his patient, abandoned him to his own powers of resistance, or to nature, as the doctors say, or to God*s mercy, as some express it.
We have frequently given the same advice and encouraged various leaders of our community to come to an understanding on the method of solution, not because we believe that they can solve the ecclesiastical question by themselves, but in order that they may realize what the ecclesiastical question is and know what they must request of the Greek government, letting it know at last what the Greeks in America want. For as things
• \
- 2 - GREEK •- . ^'
Chicago Greek Daily^ Dec* 4, 1928 • "^^
now are, the Greek government does not know what we want, and we do not know ourselves, and the whole affair has become a vicious circle, as vicious and as villainous as are the filthy monks who ride on the back of the Greek people of America,
(r
^V
jjj c Salonlkl, Hov> 17, 1928, p. 8 GEEM -^
III H
THE POPS DREA^4S OF DOMINATING THE EAST*
The Greeks of Chicago and the world over are informed of the diabolical schemes of the Vatican to subdue and subjugate the Greek Orthodox Church and extend its dominating powers over Anatolia.
The infernal religious propaganda which is carried on for centuries
in all parts of the rorld by the Vatican of Rome, was openly and officially
acknowledged by the Pope last week*
The Vatican prodigally spends fabulous s\im8 of money to proselyti ^e, ncii*christiaji countries, but christian countries, and especially countries of the Greek Orthodox faith from which Christendom was spread ^7estward.
I
v>
c
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Saloniki. Nov. 17, 1928. SBEEK
mmmmmim
The Vatican's activities, executed under cover, are known to the vigilaiit eye of the Qreek Orthodox Mother Church, and the Pope's declaration of a systematic propaganda to prosilytize Orthodox people is ill-advised nevertheless it reveals the insatiable appetite of Rome's monster to swallow, not infidel hut Christian lands, and especially Oreece, which really is the apostle of Christian! ty#
It grieves him, says the Pope, to hear of the persecution of the church in Russia, yet due to his intervention with the Bolshiviks, permission was granted him to financially assist persecuted clergymen and freedom to catholic missionaries to propagandize.
The Pope was extremely chagrined by the Czar's death the head of the Greek Orthodox Church, and for the church's fate, tossed hither and thither by a turbulent sea, due to lack: of a master-pilot. And for that reason, says the Pone, he considers himself the proper and logical successor.
-3-
-<;
Saloniki, Nov. 17, 1928,
GRSEIt^
It is true that the Vatican appropriates fabulous sums of money to carry out the Pope^s corrupt intentions^hut he should bear in mind that Oreece will not grant him a fertile field to propagate his diabolical schemes • The Popes in the past and now have spent and are spending colossal s\ims of money in maintaining missionary apostles in many parts of Greece and especially in certain islands. They have erected educational and religious mansions, but these objective after all becomes more remote, ineffective and unproductive*
It probably is the first time that a Pope has openly and officially declared the activities of the Vatican's propaganda.
Many, -"Jindoubtedly, were astonished, but not the vigilantes of Orthodoxy. The Pope's declaration solves a mystery which long ago, was known to the mother of Christianity.
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Saloniki, Nov. 17, 1928.
The Pope wishes, as he says to substitute the vanished head of the Orthodox church whom he considered was the Czar of Russia, but cunningly he refrains from mentioning the full name of the Orthodox church, the Greek Orthodox church, under whose wings are Russia, part of Poland, Jugoslavia, the schismatic Bulgaria, Rumania, Abyssinia, the Armenians, the Syrians, etc., and headed as always is the case, by a Greek Patriarch as Ectimenical Patriarch of all Orthodoxy.
The Pope now is raising money in America to educate missionaries in a private Vatican college, where the language, habits and customs of various countries in the Near East are taught, thus preparing them to bite off bit by bit the holy Greek church of Christ. Is the money raised for a christian cause? Are the motives of the Pope clirist-like? Can he becloud the truth of Christ always? The answers are No! No! No!
I
III C GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 17, 1928* .. „. .., . ,.
WrA (ha../ h^J; .•;/'/
PHARISEES AI^jD HYPOCRITES
p« !• -- Those who have followed our articles on the ecclesiastical matter know very well that our struggle is a struggle against a spurious ecclesiastical regime v/hich has split the Greek communities of America in two and is keeping them divided to the detriment of our racial interests.
I\low, if there are some who do not want to know the truth, or who through self-interest support this spurious ecclesiastical creation of the Rodostolian Church, attributing to us malign inoentions and asserting that we are making all this noise for personal reasons, we assure them that they are mistaken and are victims of their ignorance.
But the question whether we are sincere or malicious, in itself, amounts to little after all, if what we have published corresponds with the facts and the truth, and we sayj
- 2 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily ^ rJov. 17, 1928« VVl'A (ilU r^.
'^If we have spoken falsely, let them correct us; if not, why blame us?"
We have stated further that the matter of the dismissal or the resig- nation of the former pastor of St. Basil »s Church, the Reverend Father Paschalakis, is one v/hich we do not consider of any consequence in itself. We only have discussed it to show the pli*ght of the Rodostolian Church.
We have dealt with it in order to demonstrate to the public how insincere are the clergy of the Rodostolian Church among themselves, how deceitful in their relations, hovr they plot against one another, and what esteem their priests have for their bishops*
The committee of St. Basil's Church have declared that they will go so far as to resign if the Bishop does not dismiss Paschalakis, and replace him by a married priest,
ViTe have just pulled a fold of the stage curtain aside to let the people see the Rodostolian operations behind the scenes. Now they have cerbainly
- 3 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 17, 1928# ..^^ (\\\ \ d=vv •;;v;:l
been disturbed by our revelations, and they are trying to muddy t'-e waters by representing us as distorters of truth and also by contra- dicting - what? - That which everybody knows*
Isn't it confessed by all that the former pastor of St« Basil's Church, Paschalakis, v.^r also pre.'.icent of St, Easil's Ladies Society, and tiiat we have publishea the fact, time and again, without being refuted by any- body - and that v/e blamed the ladies for tolerating such a thing, on account of v/hich many of them resigned?
iMOw they tell us that a lady is president o :' the society, Mr# Paschalakis having resigned. But it is precisely this fact which manifestly proves that we are right in our contention, and which gives us the right to st8.te that the Greek Daily has put things in their proper place.
7/hen a priest is made president of a ladies' society, do you expect things to go unnoticed and without comment, especially when such a priest is robust and powerful, amiable and jovial, so that everybody wants to see the priest?
- 4 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, i^iov. 17^ 1928.
They blame us for satirizing^ the matter. But, Pharisees and hypocrites, once you have conmiitted such an error, do you expect us to spare you and in addition to praise you for v/hat you have done?
Ill c
uREEK
h ^«^^-
Chicago Greek Daily ^ Nov. 17, 1928. ^w,.^
ANI.OUl^CEIffilJT
We hereby announce to the Greek conimunities of Chicago and suburbs, especially to those of the South Side, that the interior decoration of the most beautiful church of Chicago, St. Ilickolas's, 5957 S. Feoria Street, is almost completed. Next Sunday, Nov. 18, a holy mass will be celebrated by the head of the inde- pendent Greek Orthodox Church of America and Canada, Metropolitan Bishop Basileou. This eminent Hierarch of Orthodoxy will be assisted by the priests of the united Greek comniunity of Chicago. By his wonderful preaching Bishop Basileou has captured the hearts of the faithful and has rapt them aloft to ethereal heights.
^^J C GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, kov. 14, 1S28«
THE REASOI.S FOR THE DISLalSSAL OF PASCHALAKIS
?• 1« ~ We have cited the reasons given by those on the Bishop's side for the dismissal of the Reverend Father Paschalakis as neglect of duty and the necessity of having a married priest* This last reason, the necessity of appointing a married priest in his place, tells us so much that it is of no use to add anything more.
But for the sake of more elucidation we ask: Why do they v;ant a married priest now? And why did they persist in having an unmarried priest as president of St, Basil's Ladies' Society before?
The reasonsgiven by those around Paschalakis are different for they say that the motives behind his dismissal were the Bishop's petty egotism and jealousy of the Bishop, who knew that the priest enjoyed the esteem of his flock and as pastor v/as distinguished for his conscientious performance of his duties, and that as president of the
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily ^ Mov. 14, 1928«
Ladies' Society he enjoyed the love and respect of its members •
The dismissed priest and president of the Ladies' Society really was amiable in appearance, handsome in countenance, refined in manner, and a jovial, powerful, and forceful speaker. In other words, he had all the qualifications which a pastor ought to have. The Bishop had assigned to him in addition the duties of president of the Ladies' Society. His reputation was spreading so much that many who did not belong to St. Basil's parish, both men and women, went there to see him.
All these qualities, then, according to Paschalakis's friends, aroused
the Bishop's envy, since the attention and the interest of the parishioners
were directed towards Paschalakis.
Vfithout assuming any responsibility we siii:ply publish the claims of both sides as we have them from official sources, and let the public pass judgment upon this important question, which has divided the congregation of St« Basil's Church into two hostile camps •
v>>Xv
III C lY
GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Wov, 14, 192S»
THE PLIGHT OF THE RODOSTCLIAN CHURCH WPA (ILL.) ^RU: :^G75
p« 1 — •- Yie have dealt repeatedly with the case of the pastor of St« Basil's Church and in continuing to do so, v/e wish to state that we are not preoccupied with the dismissal of the Reverend Paschalakis from his office. This question by itself is the private concern of the Reverend !.'r» Paschalakis, his Bishop, and the church coiranittee, and we are not interested in the private affairs of a Philaretos- ovmed church ncr in the committee which Philaretos has appointed •
Our interest as well as that of the public must be, primarily, for the communal churches which belong to all and are the property of the Greek people of America.
The churches controlled by the Bishop and the Rodostolian ecclesiastical regiiTte, as must by now be understood, have nothing to do with the Hellenism of America, They are organizations foreign to our Hellenism, having gained entrance among us with one main purpose in view, namely^
Ill C - 2 -
GREEK |^U|P&ol|
Chicago Greek Daily, i^jcv. 14, 1926. Vl
to alienate us from our ancestral habits and customs. That is why the
priests who adhere to the Rodostolian regime are trying to introduce
the English language into their churches and to perfonn marriages according to the Protestant ritual.
We have dealt, however, with this case of the pastor*s dismissal in order to show hov; this church is administered, v;hat the relations of priests and bishops are, and how they suspect one another and to shorr to those who do not know the Rodostolian regime that it was created only for scr.'^dals and to keep the Greeks of America divided.
O/ <o.j
III 0 Chicago G-reek Daily. Nov. 13, 1928, p. 1 OREEK ii \)\^ %]
MARRIED PRISST V/MTED. ^'
Tiie dismissal of the pastor of St. Basil's Church is the subject discussion which daily "becomes wider.
Many rumors are being circulated against the dismissed priest by Bishop Philaretos's friends, and many more are afloat about the Bishop himself.
We, as a matter of principle, cannot become the carriers of these rumors, end for that very reason we confine ourselves to recording a few positive facts in regard to the matter.
One thin^' is certain, and that is that the priest was dismissed for neglect of duty. Fixrthermore the church committee demajided the appointment of a married clergyman to the pastorate of St. Basil's.
Now, what caused the committee to ask for a married priest? We stated the answer the other day, and we here repeat it.
\
»o»
III C Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 13, 1928. GREEgy
To the priest besides his pastoral charge the duties were assigned of president of the Ladies' Society of St. Basil's. For this reason precisely it seems that the pastor must "be married, namely so that he may act as president of the Society. This is what those about Bishop Philaretos say. Mr. Paschalakis's friends, however, say majiy other things which we, shall consider in our next issue.
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GrREm
Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 22, 1926.
ON THE CHTJRCH Ijr^STION
(S. Kotakis, publisher and editor of the Cnicago Greek Daily, had challenged the Right Reverend Father loaicim, Bisho-o of Boston, to a public debate on the subject: \Vhy Is There an Ecclesiastical Division of the Greek People in America? This challenge was not accepted by the Bishop, auci as a consequence the following diatribe was published by Mr. Kotakis. - Translator.)
We challenj^2*e them, not privately nor in a secret meeting with closed doors "for fear of the Jews"; we challenge them to apperr before a public gathering, where, in the presence of many people, they might refute our statements and contradict us and furthermore submit their views publicly, in order that the multitude, whom they claim that we lead astray by o\ir writings, might be enlightened.
^e have asked for a public discussion so that the people may hear both sides, for we have always considered the ecclesiastical Question a public matter, about which all people must learn and be enlightened and not be led in the darkness and error in which they are now purposely kept.
- 2 -
Chicago greek Daily, Oct. 22, 1928.
GREEK
tn. f ^)
<c /■
/
Of course it v;as not possible for these people to accept the challenge to a public debate, the purpose of which was to let the tri.th about the ecclesiastical question be revealed, for they v/ould have had to answer definite questions propounded to them.
It would not be possible for them to take up our challenge because they would have found themselves in a difficult position and obliged to confess the truth about certain things which they haa raisreoresented to their friends and followers to rzeev. them in error and divided among themselves, ^or it must be understood that the followers of the bishops 'Vio not know the truth about the ecclesiastical situation!" They do not know it, but they will learn it. The dignitaries have always distorted the truth, and they charge us with being the dividers and distorters.
This is the reason why they did not accept our challen^z:e, and they will never accent any challenge of which the piirpose is to reveal the truth.
Let them not forget, however, that by their silence and their refusal to take up our challenge they have been proved indefensible and have been, after all, exposed before the eyes even of their own followers as afaid of the light and the truth, and that they are the real dividers of the Greek DeoTDle of America.
GREEK III C ^^^
I A 2 a
Saloniki, Oct* 20, 1928.
ST. CONSTANi'INS CHUKCH OPSTS ITS DOORS
p. 2.- ine dedication oi zae newly ouiio cnurcn, St. Coustanuine, tooK: place laso Sunuay auia was acclai:ueci as an exi^raorainary aiiair of magni- ficeiice» solemnity and grandeur*
*
After tne Holy liturgy wnicn was officiated Dy tne Oreek holy synod of Americat tne Key to tne cnurcn was given oo Mr. P. Sniouoos, who macle tue oiiicial opening oi tne cnurch. j?or tnis nonor lvir# Snioutos donated {t>l,uOu to one cnurcn.
ihe nonor oi getting tne Key to open \,ae newly ouilt scnool, noraes, was given to Mr. i^eor^e Lemuesis, for wnicn nonor ne aonaoea ^300.
GREEK
III C ,,. ^
I
IV
Ghicacro -Ireek Daily, October l6, 1928. r^iiiDA o^
WE GHALL^N&r: YOU. ^\^<^
^o^'^'y
P. 3.- The Rt . Reverend Bishop loakim of ^oston has expressed, by telephone, his dissatisfaction on our public statements, characterizing them as untrue and accuses us of having the division of the G-reek populace of America as our objective.
We do not hesitate to make public these characterizations of the Rt • Reverend, because we do not consider the ecclesiastical question to be personal but one rather, concerning the Greeks of Ttmerica as a whole- nor do we wish to conceal our opposition. On the contrary, v/e state that if the Rt • Reverend wishes to refute our public pronouncements we shall be perfectly willing to open our columns to him.
Therefore, as his Reverence believes that what we wrote was untrue and that the purpose was to divide Hellenism in America "^or sake of the truth and foi- the sake of more effective enlightment of our nationals, we Challenpce him to a public debate in one of the largest halls, that our people may hear and be convinced one way or the other.
We challenge the Rt. Reverend to contradict us, not by telephone, but
III G 1
GRBEK ^'^^i\ Gliic;a--:;o Greek Dally. October l6, 1928. \^^"^'^
C
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* publicly becauvse the ecolesiastlcal question is a vital one and people"
* want to hear the diverse opinions re3ardin3 it. 7/e, as a matter of principle, believe that the truth coinec out by having opinions on both sides confront one another.
7/e furthermore state, that if in a public debate we are contradicted, we shall acknowledge our error oublicly and shall become ardent suppor- ters of the Rt . Reverend loakim's opinions.
And so, to be in or^er, we a3ain submit to the public the questions which he is duty bound to refute publicly as he has characterized them as false over the telephone.
Inasmuch as you, the Rt . Reverend, have the truth, step forth, to en- lighten the public and c'o not hide from your public.
(The eight points may be found translated by referring to my note of October 13, 1928,- Translator)
Upon all these we have indisputable proofs and we chal'len^^e you to refute
them in public debate, if you have courage and truth in your favor.
S. Kotal:is, Manager, Ghicap;o
Greek Daily .
Ill c
III A Ghicai-^.Q 'Ireek ^all.v> October 13, 1928.
Ill H
THi^ Uf^GAY 0? TH>: K^LIGIOUT S^^NTIilTI^IT .
r.l.- The impious ovents taat were staged at the former 1.- a sonic Temple at which place by an election th3 church .-as given the na:::e of 3t. Andrews, prove that the PwO-^vOPtolian church not only fron; the beginning of its career split the Greek people of iiiiierica in tv/o, and continues to keep them divided, but, als3, by its actions has laid lev; religious sentiment and humiliated tne G-reek Ghurch.
It could not have done otherv^ise since, from the very beginning, it had deceived its followers.
1) Because ITeletios iletaxakis first appeared as a iJetropolitan ^ishop of Athens and, as such, had the com.rjjnities and priests follow him. Later on, he detached them from the Patriarchate of Gonntantinople w^hen he was elected as Patriarch.
2) The Arcnbisnops an^ -^ishops were declaring that they were dependent on the Patriarchate of Gonstantinople , in order to draw from it a moral sanction where in reility, they '.vere an independent and self-adminictered Ghurch, with no relations whatsoever with the Patriarchate.
3) They are deceiving the ureek government by letting it believe that the Greeks of America are following them as a whole, while they actually are
divided.
-2- <JBST£ /^ A
III O [^ ^^\ --y]
Ghlcap:Q ^re-k I^ailv, October 13, 1923. VV ^''^^'
.4) They became the cause of severance of bonds between G-reece and the Hellenism of America. There thus, became alienated, ecclesiasti- cally, 503,330 '3-reeks by establishing, without reason, an independent church alien to the ^^reek Nation and servln;^, absolutel;^, no National useful purpose .
5T They have withdrawn from the traditionil ecclesiastical authorities of the 3-reek-0rtho~lox Church and endorsed the Catholic system by abolishin* communities and absorbin^3 their property wriich according to their consti- tution would 50 into the possession of the Bishop, via the churches of St. Basil and 3t . Andrew.
6) They held a liturgy and int 3r-communication with dignitaries of other religions despite the canons of the O-reek Orthodox <-'hurch.
7) They departed systematically from the formality of the church by per- forming marria-^es according to the Protestant rituals
8) They abolished by systematic activity the Creek language from holy rites, substituting English, performing the sacraments in TiJnglish, and of late translating the holy Mass into English in order to introduce it in our cnurches.
Of all this we have indisputable proof, on the other hand, their course and objectives have begun to be public knowledge.
-3- HBS^
III G
GhicaTO -Jreek Dally, October 13, 1928. y.., ,.n v ^r,... ..,_.
' And nov7 v/e ask you:
- What your ecclesiastical system represents?
- Is your ciiurch Crreek?
- Do you have any relations with the Church of G-reece?
- Are you dependent upon the Patriarchate of Constantinople?
- To what church are you responsible*^
All these questions you are in duty bound to answer for the Jreeks of America and determine where do you stand, because even your followers do not know your actual footing, ^'hey believe that you are dependent upon the Ecumenical Patriarchate while, in reality, you have nothing to do with] it. The most to be regretted is that you have no relation, whatever, with' the Greeks of America because your Church is Alien to them.
3. Kotakis .
V ^
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III C GREEK
IV Salonlki, Oct. 13^ 1928, p. 3
THE NAMING OF A GREEK CHURCH A17D THE SYIiPOSIUM
GIVEN.
The Bortb-Slde Greeks held a celebration last Sunday in naming their new church, located at Hollywood and Winthrop Avenues. Present at the ceremony was the Most Rev. Alexander, archbishop of the Greek chtirch In America, Bishop lokeim of Boston and Bishop Philaretos of Chicago. St. Andreas was the name given to the new Chtirch.
A symposium was given at the Morrison Hotel by the founders of the
church in honor of the Greek hierarchs, at which three himdred participated.
A collection was made for the needs of the new church and $10,000« was
raised, which added to previous collections makes a total of $40, 000.
The executive committee asserts that $10,000. more are needed for the
normal ftmctioning of the church.
The names of the contributors will be published shortly.
u-na-JK
Ghlcag.o Greek Dally. October 12, 1928. i<v
THE SAINTS' ELECTION IN CHICAGO. 'f^
m
P.I.- In yesterday's issue we described riow the Saints, were put up as candidates at the former I.Iasonic Temple on Viflnthrop avenue.
Now the parishioners and all nationals of our community understand why this church remained nameless for two years while holy rites were conti- nually being observed. Apparently, the Rector of the church, HadJl Dimitri, was waiting for a suitable time to complete and present his schemes to his parishioners. He had summoned the thierarchs from far distant parts of America to aid in the execution of his plans.
Having carried the primary election at the Morrison Hotel on the ni3ht of October 6th, the doors of the church were opened the following morn- ing by Archbishops and all, in order to carry the election, and to deter- mine the god of glory, namely, he who was to offer the most money.
The crowds packed the church to capacity, and a bargaining by the voters began. The leading candidates were our Savior, Jesus Christ, supported by the Priest and Rector of the church, Hadji Dimitri, and the thierarchs; the Apostles were supported by the lawyer, Paul Demos, and others.
III G ■' (;.^
* Ghlca.^0 Greek I^ally. October 12, 1928. \s. M
\ Incredible as these niay seen to you they are facts verified by a thou- sand persons, who were [Dresent. We are Just givins you the faintest idea of what transpired. The struggle finally boiled down to one between Christ and his Apostles. A strange election battle'.
The more the Rector, Hadji Dimitri was shouting for his candidate, our Savior, Josus Christ, the more anti-Christ voters were becoming* This vote hunting on the part of the pious Priest created a very bad impression among the congregation. If such a comedy was necesp.ary to give a name to this renowned church there was no reason whatever to bring in the name of Christ.
So horrifying and nauseating was the spectacle that many started to expres their dissatisfaction. That the name of Christ had no olace whatever in such irreverent comedies played to the detriment of religion and the prestige, the C-reek church.
In spite of all appeals made by Priest and thierarchs, Christ lost, taking seconc. place in the vote. 3t . ^^ndrews won the election.
( Summary ) .
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lr?t S^iric.r--, --itd: ^.'^^i'l.io'^ .--'' t...e -'ero, -n'' t"^e ridio;n.in:r; of tj/^ reli-
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in h:nericp ^r^'\ n?"ornote reli'vionp rentiii'^nt.
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urld;,'' p^ resnourih'^ e -r that O''*
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tne f-r- .'0 r- t'o^e of ti.eir hirhonn, n/^.LOl:.'", -^nrel/' oprtir^rn in essence.
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the officirO. reorer^entrtiv^?. of the J^p.ek ■:ov(-)rn;nGnt, to u/i^ Hodor^tolir^nr. , not only hpve troy failed t -^ ef-t- D'.iph li/^^rrion:" in tao coii^:r6;gr.tion, r-nd restore ord3r in t':- cl:."irch, ';nit , on t/.- contrrry, tne " rre boconin;; tae c-^uf^e of division rnc. c.cc'^^ in^ o^' roii;:iou2 r-}irit in tho rrf^ek? -^^ Anericr.
.^ ve rno':'?i cnry;';.pto inco''n"")ete]icY in
it i? hi ";;h ti lO to r-^^rli^^ t-^t joi
tne pntnori'c/ to-a .:rvc3 rsr-:::ed, rnd t'.'-t you rve not rorthy of -^^n." further
sunoort fron tno'^e '-no nl^ce'^ ou i:'. cnr^r ;e over the 3-r-oh co.nr.nn'iitie?; of
A-'iericr .^nd t.-. ■'"t r^ Ion--; r^ y^i r era- in jiere t.;ere is no hooe ^"h.^^tever in
uniting t'.e rre-;-:^. On tie cnorrr/, v^u rre ; yoir^
oec/^ure ./ou '-'ere the ori ;in;"l riividern -y.d ,'-)'i rre ■;oin- o
to h^^ep the:-i divided.
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ujidouotedly the .ucixienicr"^. Prtrir^.rc!:,-te ^nd t.''^ chnrou of Greece '-'ill ta-ii:e rction r" ^oon r-f? c.'er /re inforrned rl/out ^-^..^^t 'nc^ tr-iren '"^l^ce in to.o ^non;/:nous ch'^rcn of "c^.e .. ort-: ^ido, '.vhoso oartor h^^ I'-'^enf^ to bo .t. C. Jeriitres. *.'e hrve no doubt, b^rides, thpt t'".o Irttor ir the one ''-Yio Ir.i'- out tde ,Tand 9che e? for the execution of '■'•'.icli fo\n- "" ior.'^rchr vjeve -:'^^t iered here to di? Tree Jreo:: reli.do".
Such 'nor.ontous events Ci^-niot oe described brie-"lv, ^ve pn'-t -jive •- r.int in t~:e "^a./ of inoroduction reserving o'^ir ti'ie f-r fu^'d. o:'^:^or!iire of Tin- dre-^^jed ev^-ntf^, t "le i'n-*:)or trance o:' v^hic/. brve involved thir city, the four -oro'^s o:'' our ' .cclerir?Licrl structure.
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I C IV
GBESK
Saloniki^ Oct. 6, 1928, p. 3
Tffi] MAGNIFICMT CSLii^RATICN OF THj: GREEK ORTHODOX CKUhCK
ST. COr;STMTIi;E.
Ai^iNOUNCEMENT .
The very Rev. Mark E» Petrakis and the memhers of the executive cotmcil of the church, St. ^onstantine and St. Helen, inform the parishioners of the South Side and the rest of the Greeks in general, that a ma,gnif icent and imposing ceremony will be held at the opening of the church, which will take place, Sunday, October 14th. The new church, which is built upon the fire ruins of the of the old church, is complete in decorations and accessories and includes in its circle the newly-built Greek-American school, Koraes.
In order to dignify the celebration official requests were sent, (and accepted), to the Most Rev. Alexander, Archbishop oi' the 6reek Church in America, to Bishop loakeim of Boston, Bishop Kallistos of San Francisco and Bishop Philaretos of Chicago*
-2-
Saloniki, Oct. 6, 1928.
GREEK
Si rc
^
^.
Archbishop Alexander will head the hierarchy in officiating, and will he assisted by the Very Rev. Petrakis and all the orthodox clergy of Chicago. Many eminent philhellenes and friends of G-reek Orthodoxy, both clergymen and laymen, will participate in the ceremony.
The celebration will also be honored by the presence of the Hon. G« Depast&s, Consul-tteneral of Greece. The holy liturgy begins at 10 A* M« sharp.
Rev. Mark E# Petrakes
Deme trios S tamos. President.
Em. Kotsonis, Secretary,
Ill c I A 2 a III H
G-Hl'SK
Gicp':n ^re'^k JrilT, Oct. ^, l')2V>
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Ill c I A 2 a III A
GREEK
Salonlki , Sept. 29, 19S8, p. 1
CHICArrO GREEK EPISCOPATE AND GREEK CULTURE FOR TK]C NEW GENERATION.
The question of Greek culture for the new Greek-American generation, which for a long time hovered in the atmosphere of the Chicago Greek Comiiiunityt is at last crystalized. It became a material entity with bone and flesh through the energetic and progressive activities of the Right Rev. Philaretos, Bishop of the Chicago Greek Episcopate, who today met with members of the Board of Education of the diocese, at the La Salle Hotel, and laid before them his profound thoughts urging ther. to <^ooperate and assist in the proposed program of Hellenizin^ our youth*
The Board of Education of the Diocese which consists of the Very Rev. B. Tsourounakis, the Rev. K. Hatzidemetr' ou, Dr. N. Salopaulos, Dr. K. Theodorou and G* Alexander, after listening with relief and joy to the proposed program of Mr. Philaretos, accepted it unanimously and promised their cooperation and assistance.
J
-2-
Saloniki^ Sept. 29, 1928.
gees:
Besides the profound words of Bishop Philaretos, the introduction of Dr, N. Salopoulos, former Greek Consul in Chicago, who is distinguished in the G-reek philological world for his undying love for mother Greece and our immortal lan^^uage, made a deep impression upon the assembly.
Dr. K. Theodorou, who also spoke with enthusiasm atnd love for Greek culture, and who is known in the city for his devotion to the Greek- American school Koraes, asked the assembly to elect new officers. The elected officers are: The Right Rev. Philaretos, President; Dr. N. Salopoulos, Vice-President; G. Alexander, Secretary (general); Dr. Theodorou, Treasurer, and apostle of the Mea. Council: The Very Rev. E. Tsourounakis and the Rev. D. H^tzidemetriou.
With his proposed program of solid foundation the problem of educating our youth is already solved and shortly will be in operation.
■yi'rjf' ■ --■»*•—■
-3-
GRE3K
Salonikit Sept. 29, 1928
The work of Bishop Philaretos, who has on his side all the healthy element of his Bishopric will hecorae an historical event in the annals of the Chicago Greek comnninity, 'and his exajniole will be followed hy other national and Ecclesiastical Hierarchies of Hellenism the world over.
Owing to the profiindity of Bishop Philaretos' educational program and for the benefit of other Greek commxmities in America, on another page we print the entire program.
Ill c III A III H Chicago Greek 1^1 l^t Sept. 13, 1928, p. 1
aSEEK
THE ECCLESIASTICAL QUESTIOt^ IN AMERICA MUST BE SOLVED.
The election in Creece has shown that the Creek people have profited by the misforttmes which have befallen them on account of political passions in the past, and they have risen supreme and \mited before the threatened danger of political and national annihilation.
They realized their deplorable failing rather late, but they have put an end, through their vote to the confusion of political decay and race subjugation. They have shown once more that they are free people.
In America Hellenism are being gnawed by the plague of ecclesiastical division and national decay« Indifference, hatred, abhorence, scorn^ ridicule, and sneers are directed towards the Orthodox church and the GTeek language towards customs, habits, and traditions towards everything Greek. And all this from Creeks. What has contributed to this state of thingsT The political division, first, and the ecclesiastical division, secondly.
-2-
*
Chicago Oreek Dallyt Sept. 13, 1928, p. 1
It would be to no purpose, and withal injurious, to go back to seek the causes oi this 9£d phenomenon among the Oreeks of this country. However^ we emphasize this:
Since we are separated from the beloved, illustrious and glorious Greecian land hy great bodies of land and water, let the connecting link of language, the strong bond of traditions, and the spiritual palladium of the Orthodox Faith, bind us together*
As things are with us today in America, the Oreek language is slipping away from the new generation; the church is being deserted; the faith is being tmdermined; the traditions are being forgotten; and Hellenism is becoming benumbed and lost, from the business point of view. What is the cause? Division, lack of organization and systematic pursuance of o\ir aims*
The main and mortal obstacle towards unity and tuiiversal cooperation is the ecclesiastical division*
-3-
GRESK
Chicago Greek ^Daily,, Sept. 13, 1928
The Rodostolian camp maintains that it is the official, legitimate^ an- recognized ecclesiastical authority in America* Very well, but how can such an organization of clergymen impose itself upon the people and be recognized by all Greek Orthodox Christians in view of the fact that it has not presented so far any program, any con- stitution any workable system, nothing concrete, sound, or enlighten- ing? Churches are bought, parishes are organized, catechetic schools are launched circulars are sent. Much is murmured and sung to the detriment of Saint Rodostolou, perhaps groundless and false, never- theless unanswered. A group of clergymen came together and organized themselves to their own satisfaction, drew their constitution, and appeared thus before the Greek people of America, demanding recogni- tion of, and submission to, this organization. Many of our people stand bewildered not knowing what this ecclesiastical organization represents.
rf^,-^'.:^. ^ ■-->„■. ^ . ,'^/-:fT»»<SR!R?trtg-atirj, .
,»---"*^
GBEBg /0
Chicago Greek Daily> Sept. 13,1938*
Hellenism of America demands • !• A direct spiritual dependence on the Mother Church. 2. Establishment of a Greek Orthodox Theological Seminary in America for spititual guidance and for the proper train- ing of our future priests* 3. Priests should come from Greece to guide the Greek populace of America, according to the creeds of Orthodoxy. 4. Preservation of the Greek language, the language of God, in the holy mass. 5. Churches and communities to be administered by a* mixed committee of laymen and clergymen, proportionately. Heal estate and other property to belong to the communities rather than to Archiepiscopal organisations. 6. Establishment and maintenance of Greek American schools and colleges, where thf* Greek language^ history, and the beautiful traditions of our glorious race are to be tonight* Finally, -ve desire to have an Orthodox Church, Greek, genuine, pure with el its traditions, and governed according to its holy cannons and do^as*
-5-
&R3BK
Chica^go Greek Dally. Sept. 13, 1928. ; ' fi.'-' ^^
s:"
To this and a congress must be held by all our ttreek people to which delegates ought to be elected, who are to meet with the representatives of the clergy and bring about the desired imity. Another aid to unity woiild be an ecclesiastical Legate sent from Greece to whose authority all communities in America are to be submitted.
In any case, preparatory work for the attainments of the points cited above should begin without delay so that we can go ahead \inited in the realization of our race's ideals, determined to preserve our precious treasures. Religion, Language, and Traditions. Let us go forward.
Dr. Xleomenis G. Papatheodorou.
Ill c
GRE2K
' \^^■ ••'• ^\'.
The &reek Press, Aug. 28, 1928
mOONLIC^hT dai^ce
Last nijgiht tlie young ladies of the l^Iea (senea gave us a wonderf-ol dance. The unusualness of the d^nce made us all glad.
The "beautif^ol x)ark, the decorated hall, the warn evening, the moon, the staxs, the "beauty, the joy and happiness surrounding everyone, — all these r.iade it an evening that will not be forgotten for a long time.
The yoimg ladies of the Nea (>enea have a rijgiit to he proud of their affair "because of its enormous success.
It is only a few minutes: hefore the Greek Press is to go to the printers, yet we cannot refrain from adding the na-mes of these /oung laddies who deserve so much praise. The officers are: Stauroula Flouda, president; Basiliki Batsaki, vice-president; Angeline Markoutsa, secretary; Helen Kaxdara, treasurer. The members are: rionsantina Soulantzis, Bas. and Sophia Starnos, Tasia Tsainou, Maxy Koida, D. Chronis, ..ary Psihalinos, K. Ivlitsoula, P. ivlanios, S. llou^^akiotis, M. Collins, B, Spirrison, Oeorgia Chronis, D. Kefaliotis, D. Chronis, G. Barrela., Amalia and Catherine Bossina, Cliristina G-eorgakopouLos , Froso Georgaka-poulos,
- 2 -
aUr^ilK
/O' -c
\ c
The greek Press, Aug. 2o, 192S
'j-eorgia G-iannopoiilos, Theodora Douk^s, C-therine Thaniotis, S. Kardara, Helen Lpmpros, Venette and Joanna Lerrroesi, A. Liarkoutsa, S, Mitos, 3. and T. Petra- kis, P. a.nd A. Petropo-'olos, and Helen Passialis.
Ill c
GR^'^
Chicap:o Greek Dailyt I.'ay 9f 1928
1 OTHER'S DAY
?• 1. Next Sunday, I'ay 13th, the Hew Generation Society of young women will cele« "brate ivlother's Day.
The second Sunday of Liay
has been set aside in ^jaerica as :.:other's Day.
There are ::.any holidays set aside in .^^lerioa, hut Mother's Day is the sweetest and the holiest one .-e have. There is uothiag sv/eeter and holier in the world. jven iwe i..ost savage jud brutal jT uiaa ex,.eriences the sv^eetest ei.iotioas ^Nhea hearing" the nar..e of mother, -jad the re^.^u.braace or her ^ives hif.. the happiest iiion.ents oV bis life.
The co^is^cratioii of tlds holiaay a::.on^ Greeks is also en i: perative duty, and the o*ood oirls of the new generation aeserve tau heartiest ooa^ratuit^t ioa^ for i^rov- ing "by this cetion of theirs, the iioble seatlu.ents, resrect, and love w/iich they cherish for the sweetest ana r..ost sacred bein^ in the world.
The ^other•s Dav festival which the -iris of the Hew Generation Society are cele- br.tins for the" second time, this year, will he held et the Torrison Hotel, Sun- day, l^v 13th, ct 3 F.h. The program will be varied with speeches, recitals
- 2 - 2REEZ A-'- ^>,
Chloa.:-o Greek Daily, I'ay 9t 1928. to ^-^ - J^
and soars. Tea will be served and dancing will follow.
v\^^. ...
The n-.ost select T^erubers of our community will be there, we are informed; and we have no doubt that they will show their love and respect for their mothers by contributing toward the full success of this splendid celebration.
Ill c
III H
GREEK
Salonikl, May 5, 1928, p. 3
THE PATRIARCH.
4\
TO THS GREEKS OF AMERICA.
The Most Rev. Alexander, archbishop of America, received the following telegram from His Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch.
TELEGRAM
The holy national initiation for our faithful followers in America was performed with appropriate ceremonies. This conveys the blessing of the Mother Church*
Patriarch Basil.
in C Salonikl. April 14, 1928, p. 1 GRBSK
in H
ON THE ECCLESIASTICAL QUESTION,
In order to eliminate the slightest doubt of the veracity and authenticity of our statement regarding the ecclesiastical question, we print below the Bncyclical of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, acknowledging^ -^nd reco^5 2ing the Ecumenical Patriarch^s appointment of the Most Rev* Alexander as head of the church in North and South America.
This illuminating document was sent by the Hierarchy of the Church of Greece, through the Greek foreign office, to the Greek Ambassador in Washington, and through the consuls became known to all commiinities all over the country.
In very plain language the Encyclical emphasizes the fact that marriages, baptisms, or any other religious service performed by non-canonical priests, aire null and void.
- 2 - &HEEK
,/
Saloniki , April 14, 1928.
The ftreek consuls in America are instructed to inform the Greeks of the lamd that the Greek government , which acknowledged and recognized the Patri- arch's mandate in the appointment of Mr. Alexander as head of the churcn in North and South America, declares that marriages performed by non-canonical priests are illegal.
It would have been an utter impossibility for the Greek government not to recognize the doings of the Ecumenical throne, the center of Ortnodoxy which was revered by all the generations of Greece and continues to be revered as such by all the governments of the Ortnodox nations.
-3- &EEEK
Salonlkl. i^ril 14, 1928.
The worst part of the Irregulars' fiasco is that while they refuse to recognize the regulao* church authority, they nevertheless recognize a Basil, ex-Metropolitan Haldeas, who is deprived of his office and is excom- municated* (Photographic copy of the official Ecumenical primitive document of the excommunicated Basil we have here in our files)*
If the holy patience and great tolerance of the regular authority was ejdiausted and the irregulars were degraded, would they be able then to perform sacraments?
It would be a great service to the Church and to our race if the dispute is ended and all abide by the Patriarch's mandate*
Ill c
III H Saloniki . April 14, 1928, p. 1
THE HOLY SYNOD 0? THE CHURCH OF GEESCE, TO THE GREEK ORTHODOX COMMUNITIES^ ABROAD.
■• .■
GRE3K
i^'^A (Ki/^ fpoj ir.o-,
Athens May 19, 1924. No. Doc. 1022. - Serv. 414.
The Holy Synod, of the Independent Church of Greece was officially informed by the Eciimenical Patriarchate of the creation of Archepiscopates and Episcopates through the far flung empire of Orthodoxy and the termination of the Patriarchate's Tome of 1908.
Thereby, at the convocation of May 16, A. D. the Synod, with infinite reverence to the Ecumenical Throne and with untold desire to cooperate and abide by the age-old canonical orders resolved to recognize the termination of the 1908 Tome and revert the supervising authority of all the Orthodox churches abroad to the scepter of the Patriarchate. This resolution, the Holy Synod comraands the clergy and the pious laity to accept and that the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate be respected as the highest ecclesiastical authority.
III 3 GRSBK
III H
Saloniki, April 14, 1928. WPA (ILL.; ^RO; ;^u'5
Especially the Holy Synod very ardently commends to the Greek Orthodox church in America, to recognize as the only canonical authority the established Archepiscopate and its bishops and to terminate the division of the church which tends to diminish the respect and reverence of the people towards the church.
Otherwise religious services performed by non-canonical priests have no validity without the sanction of the regular spiritual authority and the bishopric blessing.
Therefore* , in the future, all the Oreek chxirches abroad, for ecclesiastical questions, mu6t apoeal not to the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, but to the Ecumenical Patriarchate and its authorized representatives.
And God's love and peace be upon you and guide you to promote Christianity and every virtue in glory of His name. Amen.
Ill c
III H
-3-
Seloniki. April 14, 1928.
GREEK
K.'^.
,^U
U, V
Athens', Chrysostomos, President.
Zante's, Dionysios
Fokidos, Ambrosios
Cefalonia's, Damaskinos
Larissa's, Arsenics
Messenia's^Meletios
Mantineia's and Kynourias, Gerraanos
Patras,' Antonios
Syros, Tenos & Andros*, Athanassius
Leiikados & Ithaka's, Daniel Demetradus* Germanos
Thereae's, Agathangelos
Naupaktias & Eurytania's Ambrosios
Ydra's & Spetson, Procopios
Thebae & Levadias, Syne si os
Kalavryton and Aegealias, Timotheos
Arta^s, Spyridon
-4-
III 0 5RE3K
III H Saloniki , April 14, 19;^8.
Parcnaxia's, Hierotheos -jp > - -
Fthiotidos, lakovos V\PA (jLi) ra
Trikis and Stagon, Polykarpos
Gytheion and Oitylos, Dionysios
Corinthos' , Damaskinos
Cythera, Dorotheos
AlcarnaJiias* , Constantinos
Chalkidos, Gregorios
Trifylia's and Olympis's, Andreas
Karistia's, Panteleemon
Slia's , Antonios
G-ortynos and Uegalopoleos, Polykarpos.
Ill c
GREEK
II B 2 d (1) Salonlki. March 31, 19?8. .^^
<4^
D-^GLARATION AliD FRIriNULi ADVICE*
KriTORIAl.
Many of the irregular G-reek orieBts in Chicago, I am informed, were disturbed and embarrassec , and made an uproar on account of my article last Jeek, re.^arding the ecclesiastical question. To those who were dissatisfied with the article, I solenuiyfieclare that no meaiiS or loower will te able to stop me from publishing the truth, to advocate right and to advise the Greek public not to fall in errors which would have diastrcus conseouences .
That is the duty of a publisher, as I understand it. That is exactly what I have done in the past and shall continue to do in the future. I aiij not frightened or dismayed by any one, and if one can show me where- in I am without right or reas'^n, I wil ' gladly ^^-^np-ratulate and compensate him for his services. On the othrr hand, if the naked truth which I advocate refuses, by common sense reasoning, to be clothed with the bejevreled togas of unrighteousness, then the ax of right and truth will f al : where it may.
v;
Saloniki, March 31, 1928.
Portuna ely, I live in a land where freedom of the press and defence cf ri^ht and truth are the corner stories of this great United States. Hence, for the dignity of the press, and my obligation to the public, it is n^y imperative duty to exercise such influence. I would remind the irregular priests that there is a civil aiid penal law here in this country which prosecutes those who appropriate rights not belonging to then., aiid they have the right to seek the protection of that law if need be.
Therefore I advise ther.e non-canonicals, for their own interest first, for the sake of harmony, amity and peace, for the spiritual welfare and progress of the Greeks in Chicago and for the dionity and prestige of the G-reek churcl , tc ceasr their non-canonical attitude and actions, and recognize th '-^^iilar ecclesiastical authority. Their persistence wil . benefit none; on the contrary it wia be detrimental to all*
•3-
&RSEK Saloniklt March 31, 1938*
It is true that in their efforts to recognize the prevailing authority, ' the irregular priests will meet impediments and obstacles from the irregular parishes, but this csji be overcome by organizing a brotherhood among themselves, and with united front, ask the councils of the parishes to accept the Ecumenical mandate •
For th£t reason, I \indertake to organize that brotherhood and invite the priests, who wish to participate, to send their names and addresses to me. Cf course they will remain unknown to the public \intil the orgajiiza- tion of the brotherhood is complete; then their resolution will be published and their names signed.
This is, I think, a beneficial and dignified way to end the .'ivision of our church, which tends to disrupt the edifice of our faith. If we do not do it^rnd do it ouickly, v/e will all repent when it is too late.
C. Salopoulos.
ITT G
j.^ P ^ Saloniki^ March 24, 1928, p. 1 &REEK
J^ ^^ IMPORTANT NOTICE TO GREiSKi^ OF THE • ^.'" \f'
UNITED STATES* C^-^
I, the undersigned, Venetsanos Panagopoulos^ native of Kouvalat Trifillias, Greece and for many years a citizen of Chicago, hereby assert that on January 11, 1925, I was married by Rev, Daniel Golemis, priest of the Chicago Greek church.
The Greek consul in Chicago informed me that I was not in order when I intended to go to Greece on the Ahepa's excnrsion. It was necessary to be married aigain, and, in order to do that^ . I had to get permission from the diocese '^nci that the ceremony had to be performed by a canonical priest* This latter ceremony took place March 9, 1928*
I call attention to the Greeks of America that my misfort\2ne may be to your benefit, because many of us do not know th^ existing difference between regular and irregular Greek priests.
Venetsanos Pangopoulos*
•»o»
GBEEK Salonlkl^ March 24, 1928*
»«
Notice of the Editor.
This newspaper many times in the past published articles regarding the ecclesiastical cjuestion, that divides the fireek Church in America, and| taking exceptions to the above printed notice of Mr. Panagopoulos, we inform the public of the following factsi
The EcTJimenical Patriarchate in Constantinople from time immemorial had jurisdiction over all the Oreek churches in the world. This prerogative for some time was given to the Holy Synod of Oreece. But lately it was withdrawn, and the Patriarch has appointed the Most Rev. Alexandres, Metropolitan of Rodstolou, as archbishop of the Greek churches in North and South America, and three Bishops, one each for Boston, Chicago and San Francisco. These appointments were acknowledged and recognized by the Holy ^ynod of Greece and the Greek government.
-3-
GRE3K
Salonlkl^ March 24, 1928. ..^, ,,
According to the Greek law a marriage is legal when it is performed by a ':ancxit*cal ^riest, and here in America canonical priests are .those who are xinder the jurisdiction of the archbishop and the three bishops. Marriages performed by any other priest (not regular) are illegal and void. Churches and priests who do not recognize the authority of the Bcximenical Patriarch, are not canonical. Archbishop Alexandres undoubtedly will unite the churches sind peace and harmony will prevail again.
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Chicago Greek Daily, Jan. 23, 1928.
PHILARETOS VIOLATED THE ECCLESIASTICAL CAi.OriS
p# 1#
We dealt in our last issue with a grave scandal in which Bishop Philaretos with his presbytery are , the principal actors. The scandal is due to the Bishop^s violation of the Church canons in conducting in common with a heretic bishop and heretic priests, in a heretic church, a ritual ceremony, though he is aware that the Greek Orthodox Church does not admit into her fold nor recognize those who adhere to other dogmas, that our Church is truly faithful.
We characterized this action on the part of Bishop Philaretos as a grave ecclesiastical scandal, involing grave responsibilities and penalties. We proceed today to justify our characterization according to the Church canons which he so shamelessly violated along with the priests whom he induced to join in that violation. Here is what Canon 45 of the Apostles says:
Any Bishop or presb/ter or deacon "vvho shall pray with
heretics shall be cursed.
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- 2 -
GREEK
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Chicago Greek Daily^ Jan. 23, 1928» Moreover, Canon 33 of the Synod of Laodicea roads:
It is not becoming to pray together with heretics and schismatics.
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In view of these particul;?.^ interdictions we ask any one who is able to read the above canons: Did Bishop Philaretos and the presbyters along with him violate the canons of the Church? Who ever gave them the right to make such close contact with heretic bishops and clergymen in violation of the Church canons? 'iVhat are tlie reasons for such conduct? For certainly there must be some reason for this attitude of theirs, which doubtless they dare not avow. But their offense is so manifest and their attitude is so arrogant, that they plainly will not heed anyone as long as there remain many credulous persons among our com- patriots who follow them and believe that whatever they do is well done.
To whom do they owe an apology for their conduct?
Their ecclesiastical creation depends on no ecclesiastical authority^
- 3 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily ^ Jan* 23, 1928.
They are outside all jurisdiction whatsoever, ivleither the Holy Synod of Greece nor the Patriarchate of Cons t:antinopl9 has the least autho- rity over them in spite of their assertion that they are dependent on the Patriarchate in order to deceive the people and calumniate those who ignore them.
And yet these persons are violators of the Church canons, excerpts from which we have cited above. Who is to judge and try them? kVho ever judged and tried the priest Hazidimitri for blessing a Protestant marriage?
Lo, the results of the establishment of an independent Church in A^aericaJ Let its supporters take a look at it.
It is high tinie to realize into what chaos they are bringing the Greek populace of America, these self-appointed ecclesiastical leaders, and what sinister schemes they are weaving which they have fortunately begun to put into effect early enough to make it possible for us to understand
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- 4 - GREEK (ti
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Chicago Greek Daily, Jan. 23, 1928,
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them easily, namely:
To loot the property of the communities and to govern them arbitrarily; and
To desert the Orthodox religion and bring our churches under the juris- diction of heretics, vd.th whom they have begun to associate themselves, conducting holy rites in conjunction with them so as to pave the way and accustom our people to such procedure.
These sinister schemes of the Rodostolian Church and these systematic activities of Bishop Philaretos and his patron priest Hazidimitri we were unwilling to let pass v/ithout protest, and we have no. doubt that their supporters finally will realize that these people are serving their own interests for the sake of which they are capable of doing emything*
S. Kotakis.
Ill c I c
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Gii— (iJK
Chica/ro Greek DailVt Jan* 21, 19 28. GRLa^T r]CCLL.SIASTICriL r;G.-'.I\-"'iL«
The scandal of the Priest Ilazidiiaitris, knov/n in our ccinnunity a? he who blessed a Protestant marriafe, was scarcely for[:otten when, loJ we find ourselves before a new and [-reater scandal. This time tr.e perpetrator is not simply the priest Hazidimitris, but Bishop Philaretos.
Tne event is of a recent date and v;as recorded in tne ^iiaericiin papers, so there is not a particle of doubt as to its accuracy. Bio.iOp Pnilar^jtos a^^sisted by nis priests, administered a holy rite witn the ':;piscopaliun Bishop as if the anity of Episcopalians aniJ the Crthodox c .urch was an established factl
This act committed by pishop Philaretos and hi^' priests is a piienomenon in tne annals of the Crthodox church, and constitutes a violation of :^cclesiastical cannons, entailing severe penalties, .'^o much for tne Bishop and his priests as well.
The question of unity of the Episcopalians with the Orthodox church i^ a .question of greatest importance, v/hich has held the attention of botn churches for more than
-2- /u/uinK o\ GRICJK
Chicago Greek Dailvt Jan. 21, 1928,
one hundred years. However it is still pending, the Orthodox church not retreat- ing before the ^episcopalian demand.s. Just a few months a^ o the representatives of the first Orthodox church emphatically declared at a |_enQral conference, that the Orthodox churcn does not stand for compromises and retreats, and that it will per- sist in its doctrines. Tne representatives of the Orthodox church then withdrew from the gathering.
That attitude met the approval of Orthodox Christians on tne v.nole, and tae ^^;is- copalians v/ere compelled to retreat. For it is tne .]piscOj.. alians v.ao need to be recognized by the Orthodox church, which will endov/ tiiOLi wita validity. And now the question arises: By what ri[ ht does Bishop Philaretos, as a dignitary of the Orthodox church, come into such close contact with them and administer rites, pray- ing along with them in their churches, in spite of the stand taken by the Orthodox world as a ./hole against Episcopalians?
On account of this we call this act of Bishop Philaretos and his priests an Eccle- siastic scandal, the consequences of which will be grave if proper aea^ ires are
-3- Vc)."-'"'of7 GRE^K
CnlcaKO Greek Pail/. Jan, 21, 1928*
not taken "by the hi£;her Ecclesiastic authorities in time. The proper measures must
be applied by all Orthodox Christians of our community, in which a mere Bishop dares
v/ithout authority and in spite of all the canons of the Crthodox church, to act as this Bishop did.
Let them behold the partisanship that this Ecclesiastic creature iias brought into being. Let them, who in their i^'norance allowed sucn a taint, also realize wnat tue £,rave conse -^^uences are of reco^^ni zin^: a Bishop, who co-operates .vitii heretics in ig- noring higher authorities and acting according: to his whim, pulling with him priests ard laymen into a split with the Orthodox church.
Tnis scandal proves beyond further objectives of the "?o'^.o?'^cli-^n church, the purpose of which is to unite by a succession of "^cclesiatic scandal:-^ her ':7hric tian followers with a heretic church. /Jl this i^- done regardless of the Orthodox church. On this most important que:-tion, the authorities of the Orthodox cliurch naust take a :rtand towards tne^e heretic churchei,
;/e v/ill not let tnis llcclesiastic scandal ^ o by in silence, and we h tve no doubt that
-4-
GhicaKO Greek Daily, Jan. 21, I928.
gk^i:k
the sentiments of every Orthodox Christian will be aroused, regardless of v;hethsr he reco[nizes Rodostolou and Philaretos or not. It is not any lon-^er a question of partisanship. Our -ecclesiastic question is a purely do^iiii;.tic one, and inasiaach as Bishop Philaretos committed himself to act on waich is a^.^iast tne canons of our church, the question that presents itself is .Viietxier tais Bisuop deviated from tne canons of the Greek Orthodox church and wnether nis followers may any longer be con- sidered members of our Orthodox church, if they also have violated these canons.
Kotakis.
:>reek Star. Jan. 20, 1928.
0R:^:ir Bioiic? L'ij)s -aT^s
The spectacle or a Greek Crthodox Bishop takinr the leadinp; role in an ICpiscopal service v;a3 v;itnessed Tuesday at 8:30 F.M. . in the Church of the Hedeem^r, Fifty-Sixth street and "ilackstone xxvenua, at a meeting of the Catholic Club of C:.\ica>:;:o.
Bishop Jhilaretos Johanides, D. D., of the Greek Crthoaox Church of I.'orth America, v/a^ the oreacher at the service. He pontificated at the benediction of the blessed sacrai;ient, said to b"i the first instance in ;/hich a Greek Crthodox prelate has taken -nart in such a service.
Dr. John Iienry -opkins, rector of the Chui^cn of the Itedeomer, and ?.ev.
F. li. :.itchie, rector of Christ Church, Sixty-Fifth street and .Joodlawn avenue,
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SALOHIKI . Octol)er I5, I927
The Cornerstone of St. Constantine.
Last Stmday the cornerstone of the new church of St. Constantine was laid "by the Holy Rev. Alexander of New York, Archhishop of all the Greek churches of North and South America. The thousands of Greeks after listening to the words of the Prelate rushed to the donation desk, and the resxilt was that $16,000 were raised for both the church and the Greek School, which latter will "be in the same Imilding. The Prelate praised the Greeks for their devotion to "both their adopted country, America, and to their Mother country, Greece. Arch- bishop Alexander also maintained that Greek Religion and the Greek tongue indis- pensable to the Greeks of America,
GBSSE
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SALONIKI , October 8, 1927
Conrocation of the Oreek Holy Synod of North and South America.
The Greeks of Chicago and vicinity, for the first time in the history of the Greek church, will witness the forthcoming convocation of the Holy Synod in the Metropolitan Diocese of Chicago. There will "be present the Holy Rev. Mezander from New York, Archhishop of all the Greek churches of America, who is the hi^est Prelate of North and South America; the Hi^t Rev. Philaretos, Bishop of Chicago; the Ri^t Rev. loakim, Bishop of Boston; and the Rig^t lev. Kallistos, Bishop of San Francisco. ?riests of all the Greek churches of Chi- cago and vicinity, and members of their executive committees will participate in the convocation.
The dignity, austerity and the Idealism of the Greek Rite will he depicted in this forthcoming celebration. The General Greek Consul of Chicago will honor the Church with his presence also.
GREEK
III C IV
Chicago Greek Uaily. Oct. 7, 1927.
^A3S AT ST. OTCEOIASjJ St. Nicholas Church, d957 South Peoria Streeti, announces for October 9 a holy mass by Archimandrite Ainbrosios Mandi lares. The assisting priest will be Father Daniel Gavril.
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-^11 H Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 6, 1927.
TV
TAKIl^G ADVANTAGE OF THE PATRIARCHATE
(Editorial)
GREEK
p#l.~Moved by the arrival in our community of a representative of the Ecumenical Patriarch, namely Archimgindrite Thadaraou Lekkas, who has been sent by the Patriarch to request financial assistance of the Greeks of America for the manifold needs of the Mother Church, we should like to ask a reasonable question of the Reverend Father PhilaretosJ How is it that the Patriarch, instead of asking him to secure this financial aid through the medium of the American Archdiocese, which is supposed to represent the Patriarchate, assigned this task to Archimandrite Lekkas?
For us, assuredly, the answer to this question is clear beyond the shadow of a doubt. V/e know well enough that the Archdiocese of North America and its bishops have no connection whatever with the Patriarchate and constitute an independent organization.
- 2 - GREEK
Chicag:o Greek Daily, Oct. 6, 1927 • ^p,^ ,in j pj^y^ 3^27i
This question, however, is always present in the minds of those who believe their bishops' assertions that they are an extension of the Patriarchate, and to these believers it is Bishop Philaretos's duty to give an answer.
We are v/ell aware that the founders of this independent ecclesiastical or- ganization are in the most unscrupulous manner making use of the name of the Patriarchate in order to avail themselves of its authority and prestige. However, as soon as the Patriarchate finds itself forced to request aid from the Hellenism of America, the leaders of this independent church or- ganization turn deaf ears to its entreaties.
•
Again we have the right to ask these holy fathers: What attitude are you going to take toward the Patriarch's representative? For the legate re- ceived his appointment nearly six months ago and is thus coming to America after the lapse of more than adequate time for them to have learned of his impending arrival.
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II D 10
III H Chicago Greek Daily, Oct. 6, 1927. ^, ,,,^-•.
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Yet the Archdiocese of North America, thou^ it maintains that it id on extension of the Patriarchate, has not said a v/ord to the Greeks of America about his coming. This, of course, gives rise to doubts. Perhaps the Patriarch failed to inform the Archdiocese that he had appointed a representative, or
perhaps the Patriarchate is not aware that it has an Archdiocese in America. However, if the Archdiocese has been informed, then it apparently has turned a deaf ear to the prayer of the Patriarchate and has kept its action secret, thus interposing obstacles to the dispute of the representative and obstructing the execution of the commission intrusted to hiir. by the Patriarch.
To-day the representative of the Patriarchate is present in Chicago, and according to what we have learned he is busily securing contributions for the Patriarchate. That is to say, the legate is in the territory governed by Bishop Philaretos, who maintains that he is a bishop under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople.
• 4 • GREEK
Chica;:!:o Greek Daily> Oct. 6, 1927. ,..n«^ ^niN -'•>-') ^ '//*•
Accordingly, if Bishop Philaretos is really a bishop connected with the Patriarchate, it would be profitable for him to clarify his position with reference to the Patriarchate's representative and to inform Orthodox Christians whether Archimandrite Lekkas is really the Patriarch's repre- sentative# Does the legate have authority to collect funda for the Patriarchate?
The Patriarchate informed the Archdiocese of the appointment of Father Lekkas as its representative. Perhaps Father Lekkas is taking advartage of the name of the Patriarchate and is acting without its consent . Bishop Philaretos must understand that it is his duty to infonn the Hellenism of America what his position is v/ith reference to the Patriarch's representative, for Archimandrite Lekkas might be profiteering in the name of the Patriarchate, and Bishop Philaretos by remaining silent v/ould connive at this profiteering.
I
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m ^ Chicacro Greek Daily, Oct, 6, 1927* u.-, .T,r^. ...,.,
The Hellenism of America is justified in its desire to know who the people are who are taking advantage of the Patriarchate<,
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Chicago Greek Daily, Aug, 17, 1927.
RH0D06T0L0U lEA^FES IN H^TE FOR InIE;; YORK
The Right Reverend Alexander Rhodostolou came to Chicago yesterday and left almost immediately for New York, despite the fact that a meeting had been set for this week in Chicago, the first meeting of the Holy Synod and the self- governing churches of ijnerica.
This hasty departure and the consequent postponement of the bishops' meeting have given rise to various rumors, one of which is that archbishop iilexander and his bishops are very uneasy over the impending arrival in Nev; York of the new legate, the Reverend Father Hresanthos. ;.e received the nev;s of the coming of Trapezountos Hresanthos from a private source yesterday. However, we were unable to ascertain the exact time of his arrival.
The hasty departure of Archbishop Alexander and the postponement of the Synod meeting strongly suggest to us that something is being cooked up in clandestine fashion, and the more clandestine the cooking the stronger the smell.
The Contradictor
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Chicaro Greek Daily, Mir. 15, 1927 •
OUR ICCnJ^Sli.^TlCJL Li;.TTERS
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p. 1. Fortunately cur church matters still seem to interest God v;ho, v;ith so much kindness, comes to -rv/aken us from our torr>or and injects nevi life and ener^'" v/ithin us,
Accordinrly, <r:reat activity is presaged for this v;eek, since to the .-relates that are cominc to Chicago there v/ill also be ::. fcurth - His Holiness of San Francisco • In order to velcome them, hov/ever, it is hirhly probable that Yasilios, too, .*;ill com.e hrre, thereby ma^cinc Chicaro the center of all the ecclesiastical matters in Am.erica,
Five prelates in all .."ill be in Chicago; no insignificant fact, to be sure.
Nov/, hov; does it happen that all five are eo.'.ing to Chicago? Perhaps it is just pure coincidence, or perhaps it is premieditated,-t ey are going to get together to forra a ecuTienical synod v/hich v/ill solve all ecclesiastical r^roblens.
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Chicago Greek Daily, Aug. 15, 1927
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Many are discussing this ir.pendinc ^^eetinc* -Veil -informed circles believe that Creat deeds v/ill be accomplished in .ur co:;ii;iunity. 7/e assure our readers that v/e v;ill always be prepared to report on any of these great deeds •
The Contradictor.
Ill c III H
GP.
'•rti~lyr-
Chicago Greek Daily, Auf. 9, 1927.
p.l. The nev;s vjhich the telecrnph transriltted to us today, about the a-opointir.ent of the netroiDolitan Lr. Trar)ezountos E^e^3anthou as ler-ate of Greece's Eclv Svnod for the Greek cV.urches in /u"::erica, coi.ies -'S a su^T:!le:::ent to our nevis of the dav before yesterv.ay about the recallinc of Aiexandrou and Vasiliou; for, since the recall of these two ecclesiastical leaders has been decided upon, Greece should Iso send a prelate to vnite the tv/o ^;ositions v;hioh v/ill have been vacated.
also
In reference to the sendinf of Lr. Ilresanthou here as legate for the i\nerican Orthodox Churches no doubt the reader rerriembers that "ve v;rote about such -3 step lone a£;o, .Je are sure this der.onstrates :.ov; truthful the inforr.ation in the Greek Daily is concernin£^ ecclesiastical matters. It also -^roves that v/e have finally succeeded after a {^reat strucrl^ "to bring the attention of the Greek government and the patriarchate to our church r^roblems.
^o
Chicago Greek Daily, Auc. 9, 1927.
•'^"2i:
This nev/s of today is of superlative i:nr,ortance for the Ilellenisr. of .'jr.erica because even if it doesn't entirely solve our church problems it is, at any rate, a step in the richt direction, and, v/ithout a doubt, it - this nev/s - will be received by everybody v;ith delight.
7/e are liir.itinc ourselves today to the "ew corrjrients v/hich v;e have just made. At a later date v/e will write a^ain on this i- -ortant theme.
The Contradict
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Chica.,-0 G-reek Dnil;/, AUi^;. 3, 1327.
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p. 1- J-'he Cnicr'oO League of Lacedaemonipjis cs.ae fonv-^rd. today v;ith a coKLnTunicrtion ex-nres<?in{^ the opinions of its meMbers on our ecclesiasti- cal "orobleras. ihis coniinuiiic-.ticn will be foujid on the second pa-re.
The Ln^cedaernonians \7ere iioved to indite this letter hy the puolication in thr Greek Star of rn article censuring- the Laconian de-^uty, t» Fetrakakos. 2hey present their i<.^eas on our church problems ♦ dis- aoorovinr;; of the ecclesiastical rjolicv of riodostolos paid Consul G-eneral -^epasta., aenyinr-; ..r. Lrjabros's ri{^;ht to interr)ret the ideas of the Lacedaemoniejis, ^nu finally endorsing- the policies of llr, Petrakakos.
'^'he .yhicai^o L^^^^ie of Lacedaemonians in cominentin^' on our ecclesiastical mai^ters dei.ands a q':'ic;: solvation of the scandalous controversy which has distressed V'S for so laan?/ years. Like the G-reek Professional i-ien's Club, it openly expresses opinion of our cjiurch caf fairs, and the statements of
f
CrRIZK
C;iic:..go G-reek Daily, Aii.^'. o, 192?
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these two organizations are ^^rthy of note because in them the G-reek comnmnitv r-t lar^e reveals its position in an inroortaut controversy. 'j.'jie -oarishes h"ve for a long time been e?rpressing their OT)inions on this subject. It rould be hi^^^ly beneficial if all clubs would assert themselves and give to the public their ideas on the subject of the Hodostolos churches.
We con;^ratul'..te the me-abers of the Lea^^ue of Lacedaemonians on their frankness, o.nd v:e hove that the otaer clubs v;ill follov7 their erample.
-he Contra.dictor.
aRESK
Chicago Greek Daily, Aug. 2. 1927.
TH"^ RESULTS OF THZ CONSECRATION OF BISHOPS AT SAN FRANCISCO Airj TH:^ R:5SP0NSIBILITY of TH2 0R2EK Ai/IBASSADOR
(Editorial)
p. 1- In one of our preceding articles we discussed the reasons v/hy the silence of Ambassador Simopoulos tends to make our ecclesiastical problems more complicated instead of easier to solve. And the solution of our ch\irch problems is earnestly desired by the Hellenism of America, which indeed is fully justified in its wish to be informed of what the ambassa- dor knows. The people want their church activities to resume their normal course after t:ieir interruption oy the powers in G-reece, which caused schisms here ap-parently sanctioned by the Creek Covernment until recently, when that Government deemed it best to find a remedy for this scandalous state of affairs. Accordingly, after serious study of the problem, the Greek Government has come to the conclusion that the only way to solve it is to dispatch a legate from the Holy Synod to America.
We did not hesitate, even in the face of the consecration at San Francisco then impending, to characterize the silence of the Greek ambassador as
- 2 - GHSSK
Chica,-^o Greek Daily, Aug. 2, 1927. WpA (i LL) P'"^^ - ^^ ' ^
criminal, inasmuch as the new "bishopric increases our church disunity and complicates even more our ecclesiastical disorders. Indeed, we foresee grievous consequences, v/hich it would be to I.ir. Simopoulos' s interest to avert by timely intervention.
Everybody knows, the ambassador as well as anybody else, the reason for Mr. Philaretos's antagonistic attitude. Vasilios established himself in Chicago, winning over parishes which until a short time ago had re- fused to acknowledge him. After his success in Chicago he established himself in New York, and now he will doubtless find followers in San Francisco after he has been consecrated as bishop.
We must bear in mind that the creation of these independent churches under /asilios is nothing more or less thaii a protest against the partisan selection of Alexander Kodostolos as Archbishop of North America, lie greatly fear that this protest will become more vigorous, and that the breach will be widened with the lapse of time, for Vasilios, encouraged oy the supT;)ort which he has received, may attemot to carry out the scheme proposed by the league of laymen and cler^vmen of his
- 3 - &R3SK
«
Chicago Greek Daily, Auq. 2, 1927. WPA (ILL.) PJ^OJ. 30^7^
parishes in a meeting in Washington and following the example of the -t^odostolos churches, ordain three bishops. If this was done, imagine what chaos would prevail, and hov/ difficult hereafter would be the task of restoring harmony in the Greek parishes of America!
It is precisely for these reasons that we characterized the silence of Mr. Simopoulos as criminal silence. After all, it is not proper for an ambassador who went to G-reece and conferred with all the important people on our church matters and exchanged views with them to return in silence and to maintain that silence persistently, as if he were un- aware of the existence of our ecclesiastical problems.
V/ishing to avoid serious consequences, v/e have emphatically called Mr. Simopoulos's attention to the danger, and today v/e again address him, urging him to avert, if there is still time, nev/ complications.
S. Kotakis.
Ill C GREEK
III H
Democrat. Aug. , 1927. .,,,., ^y.^) ppQj 30273
iHE ECCLESIASTICAL QUESTION 1^ AMERICA
P« 3«- The ecclesiastical question which has kept Hellenism in America from progressing all these years, has finally come to an end if we are to believe a telegraim which has recently been received from the Holy Synod of Greece and the Ecumenical Patriarch.
After the Royalists and the Veniaelists finish their little argument there won't be much of Hellenism left here or elsewhere. The Greeks have been kept back by this very reason*
Those in Greece believe that the Ecclesiastical question has come about because we want to brestk away from our mother country. This is not true. We love Greece and her troubles are our troubles. When a house burns down, the inhabitants feel the loss very keenly. That is the way the Greeks of America feel about Greece.
Now that there is an opportiinity offered us, we must take it, shake hands and make peatce*
-. ^^.~ -.^ «. .,^tJhi^^'
III c
^ Chicago Greek Daily, July 30, 1927. WrA i,^./ ^•-'> -.• ;
FROL: GR:i;:i;K Chicago - tph djiath o? john iggujsis,
p. 2 • On Tuesday before last, July 19, the life of John Irglesis ebbed av/ay after a serious operation in the clinic oi the Llayo Brothers at Rochester, Llinnesota. The body was brought to Chicago for interment.
IJr. Igglesis came from Lytilinon on the island of Samos and had been established in our coimnunity for many years. Ke was a devout Christian and a man of deep sincerity, esteemed by all, and his death caused great sorrow not only to his wife, lirs. Athena Igglesis, of the Ijallis family, but also to his numerous friends and to all ?iis fellow countrymen.
A splendid funeral service 7/as conducted in St. Basil's Church in honor of Mr. Igglesis. The benediction v/as chanted by the Reverend Father Philaretos, v/ho extolled the virtues of the deceased in words replete v/ith philosophic meaning. Father Philaretos was assisted by two priests, the Reverend Fathers A, Pashalakis and Deiiietrios Vainikos.
Costly wreaths sent by numerous relatives and frie ids adorned the casket, and aftsr the service Father Philaretos was thanked by LIr. Igglesis' particular friend, Mr. Je:aetriadis for his soul-stirring oration.
Ill c
II B 2 d (1)
III H IV
Chicane Greek Daily, July 30, 1927.
TPS CRn:iNiL SILENCii; OF THIil GR:::3K AMBASSADOR AMD ?KS C0IB3CRATI0N OF BI3H0FSA7 SAl.' FR.\NCISCO.
GR3EK
WPA (ILL.) niLi.
-t ^ — .
(Sditorial)
p. 1.. In one of our former articles v;e wrote about the unjustifiable silence maintained by .Ambassador Siinopoulos vdth reference to the decision of the Greek Government in regard to our ecclesiastical matters; and we characterized this silence as a gesture of disdain. This characterization of ours was very- mild in view of the effect of ::ilence on so important a problem as that of our church disunity. Now, though the rumor of the impending consecration of an- other bishop at San Francisco has been confirmed - which, of course, will in- crease the disunity ajid widen the breach in .Iraerican Hellenism - the ambassa- dor persists in his silence, a silence \rfiich can no longer be called disdain- ful but is rather to be termed criminal.
It is an indisputable fact that the Greek Government has revised its decision, which would have revolutionized the present state of affairs, and according to the Greek newspapers and the United Press the liinister of the Church and of
- 2 - GRlilEK
%
• Chicago Greek Daily > July 30, 1927* WPA (;IL) P'-Oi
Sducation at Athens has determined to dispatch a legate from the Holy Sytiod of Greece to reorganize the paralyzed Greek Church in America under the rule of bishops* Such was the news receivod by telegram from Athens about a month ago and subsequently confirmed by the Athenian Press, Thus the report is not a rumor but is based on facts of v.-hich Lr. Simopoulos has complete knowledge* T7e have therefore repeatedly invited I^. Simopoulos to make an announcement by any method which he chooses to employ, orally or through the newspapers, to the Hellenism of America, not to satisfy our curiosity but to enlighten us and most important of all, to anticipate the impending consecration at San Fran- cisco v^ich will increase the dissension in the Church.
The archbishops themselves fail to perceive hov/ detrimental their mere presence in America is to Church unity, and that the fact that they are here is the cause of all the dissension in the Church, for the '•paralysis of the churches in America,** to quote the Greek Minister of the Church and Education. And yet in the face of all this the indifferent ambassador maintains his silence, thereby promoting church disunity, and in consequence his silence must be termed criminal silence*
It should not be difficult for I'r. Simopoulos simply to announce that the Greek
- 3 •• GREEK
Ghica::.o Greek Daily, July 30, 1927. .^^ /-M > pROJ S0275
Government has taken our church niatters under consideration and will hand its decision to him later* After sill, this latest consecration of bishops at San Francisco is going to nake the problem nore complicated, and his silence will be more difficult to maintain.
Nov; it is indisputable that if the consecration of Llessrs. Philaretos and Alexopoulos takes place in spite of the protests of the majority ol* the Greeks in America and even of the national Herald - this will be due principally to the fact that the Government of Greece pays no attention to these protests* And as long as the Greek Government is supposed to be taking our church prob- lems under consideration and is contemplating the dispatch of a Synodical legate to America, we are impelled to ask llr. Simopoulos v/hether the impending consecration at San Francisco h-as the Greek Government's approval. If the Greek Government has given its approval, we should naturally like to know how- it was possible to obtain such approval when Lir, Simopoulos well knov/s that the Government is still studying our church problem and has not made any definite decision*
In view of all these considerations it certainly is the duty of lar. Simopoulos to break his criminal silence, \rfiich has become an embarrassment to American Hellenism. *,;e are sure that the evil would be averted if the ambassador would
• 4 - GRSjSK
Chicago Greek Daily, July 30, 1927. Vv?^ O'-U ^-^-^ '*''
only speak. \/e assure him that this silence, if he persists in it, will be criminal silence^
S. Kotakis.
CrR-EJ^K
III C III H
IV
Chicago Greek Daily, July 9, 1927. WPA (ILL/ ^^'b M/l
THAT IS THE PRES'aTT CONDITIO': OF OUR ECCLESIASTICAL AY7AIRS?
(Editorial)
p. 1- Many people are inquiring, especially in recent telegraphic com- munications from Athens: V^liat is the present condition of G-reek-American ecclesiastical affairs?
This iz a perfectly legitimate inquiry, now that Mr. Simopoulos has re- turned from G-reece, for it is well known that he went to Athens to dis- cuss the affairs of the Church, and people are impatient to hear from the ambassador what the result of the discussions was, and what decisions were made about solvin^^ the church Droblem.,
V/e wrote some time ago. In accordance with information received from Grreece, the accuracy of which we have not the slightest reason to doubt, that the opinion of the G-reek Government had prevailed, ana that conse- quently the Holy Synod of Greece would send a legate here to whose
«
- 2 - GHSEK
Chica^^o Greek Daily. July 9, 1927. y^^A /lit) ?^^Q-^^^^'^
jurisdiction the churches of A^^erica woula submit. This information has been verified ^o^ the latest telegraphic intelligence, which is more specific in its information that the iviinister of the Church and Education and the Ivietropolitan of Athens have conferred and have agreed to send a le^^ate from the Holy Synod to America for the purpose of reorganizing the paralyzed G-reek churches of America. But this information, hov/ever confident -e may be th^^.t it is reliable, is open to doubt as long as it is not officially promulgated.
In consequence we believe that it is about time for Ambassador Sirnopoulos to break his silence and come forward with a statement to America's highly interested riellenism, thereby satisfying the legitimate desires of those who expect an official statement from the mouth of the official reTDre- sentative of the G-reek G-overmaent , an absolutely reliable source of informcrtion.
»^e should like to state here that Mr. Sirnopoulos in the past has appeared to be willing enough to issue statements on all subjects and has responded promptly v'hen energetic action has l^een required, and all this stands in strong contrast to his present persistent silence.
- 3 -
aRziK
Chica^^Q greek Daily, July 9, 1927
Hov/ever, v;e xnoyj v:ell enow^h that the appointment of a legate from the Synod will tcilce place after the return of trie Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr. '.iichalakopoulos, to Athens, and it is ?ii,.^;hly probable that I.Ir. Simo-poulos is postponing the disclosure of what information he has until he is in the more advantageous position of havim^* facts to bear out v/hatever he has to say to America's Hellenism,
As for us, we shall rely on the information which we originally received rel::.ting to the siibnission of the G-reek churches in America to the ecclesiastical administration of the Holy Synod of ureece and the dispatch by the Holy Synod of a legate to America. V/e are sure that little time will elapse before this informzation is officially verified oy the representative of the Jreek G-overnment,
S, Kotakis.
Ill c
II B 1 a
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GREEK
f IV Chicago Greek Daily % June 23 9 1927 •
^;PM1LL) FRU>, iW./^
IHY KEEP SILENT ABOUT THE PROTESTANT WEDDING?
p. 1-Ve have repeatedly challenged both Father H« Deaetri and the archbishopric to eiqplain an occurrence which is unprecedented in the history of the Orthodox Church t that is 9 the perfomance of the marriage ceremony by Orthodox priests according to the Protestant ritual in one of our churches because the bridegroom was a Protestant*
In our eolumsy however » we have generally limited ourselves to narrating the facts in the case (for instance 9 we have printed the names of the priests who officiated) and to echoing public opinion, but the Bishop has kept silent 9 showing that the clergy are guilty of all of irtiich people accuse them*
That which we should like to tell them today is that this affair is not going to comply with their wishes and retire to oblivion; before long they will have to render cm account of their actions even though at the present moment they appear to be both defendants and judges empowered to pass sentence on their own actions*
■=^
.1
t
I ^ 2 ^ GIffiEK
Chicago Greek Daily t June 23, 1927» VJf ^ 0'-^^'^ ^^^^ ^^^^^-
Fortunately a telegraphic communication from Greece announces that the Synod intends to dispatch a legate to America, and the cablegram adds among other things the Synod's opinion that the Greek Church in America has been afflicted with paralysis, but the Synod likewise assures us that it will very soon make an end of all these disorders, and that those who derive profit of our religion will be put in their proper places. For we have been informed that Father Demetri was very generously rewarded for con^ ducting this Protestant wedding*
We challenge Father Demetri to disprove what we have said, especially our statement that he received a liberal fee*
«
GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, May 31, 1927
OUR CHURCH PROBLEM
(Editorial)
p. 1- Father Averkios Demakopoulos gave us a new surprise on the day be- fore yesterday when he declared his recognition of the religious hegemony of Greece's Holy Synod, thereby renouncing his support of the Archbishopric, the authority of which he had recognized only a month ago.
When our three newspapers recognized the Bishop, the Reverend Father Philaretos, we wrote that this recognition of him was not of much significance, since it was not the first time that he had been recognized, and it would not be the last. To-day we make the same statement with reference to Father Demakorioulos' s change of attitiide because such shifts in policy have been observed before, and there is no end to them. Since, however, we censured our newspaoers for shifting their support from Greece's Holy Synod to the Archbishopric, we find it expedient, if we mean to follow the same line consistently, to praise Mr. Demakopoulos made a serious error in recognizing the Archbishopric, for by so doing he opened the way to ecclesiastical strife and disiinion, which as long as it remains will keep
- 2 - GREEK
Chicago greek Daily, May 31, 1927.
America's Hellenism divided into factions. Fortiinately he saw his mis- take early and returned to the establishment. If all the priests who foster the present ecclesiastical disunion by recognizing the Arch- bishopric would follow in the footsteps of Averkios Demakopoulos, all discord would instantly cease; there would be no ecclesiastical problem, and the Holy Synod of G-reece would send a synodical legate as it has done in the past. And if the opposite thing were to happen, that is> if all the priests in America uneuiimously recognized the Archbishopric in North America, again there would be no ecclesiastical problein to contend with. When, however, the priests array themselves in two opposing camps, of which one recognizes the Archbishopric, and the other repudiates it, they create a state of affairs which detracts from their ecclesiastical dignity and fails to inspire the veneration and the confi- dence which the laity normally feels for its pious directors. To Father Demakopoulos' s perception of this fact we ascribe his siidden conversion to that ecclesiastical authority by which all America's Hellenism should be governed •
- 3 -
GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, May 31, 1927.
After the retiirn of Father Demakoooulos to the regular establishment it would be extremely beneficial not only for the priests who still dissent but also for the dissenting newspapers to follow in his steps. Indeed, it was these newspapers which brought Vasilios to Chicago and acknov/ledged him as their ecclesiastical head. Now then, if we term the recognition of the Archbishopric an "error", then we must use the word "crime" to label the recognition of an ousted priest. And if we say that the Arch- bishopric of North America should not have a place among us because it divides Hellenism in America, we must likewise declare that the existence of Vasilios in America creates a schism amd necessitates the correction of those priests who follow him suid of the parishes which admit him in their churches*
As for us, the Archbishopric and Vasilios have become to us symbols of factious discord; they have no place any more among the Greeks of America. All those who desire the Tinity of Hellenism in America should pray and work for the expulsion of those who create ecclesiastical discord.
The Contradictor.
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III c
III H
Salonlki. April 30, 1927.
THE INSUBORDINATE PRIESTS ACKNOWLEDGE THE DOMINION OF THE CHICAGO DIOCESE
With great pleasure and delight the Greek churchgoers of ChicaigOt acclaim the decision of the insubordinate priests, who after extensive study, and deliberation accepted the encyclical order of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, 8Jid recognize the authority and Jurisdiction of the Chicago Diocese, ihe decision is of great importance from the standpoint of our religious be- liefs* For a time, members of the laity took sides with the insubordinate priests, and the division of the church was threatening.
The Greek population of Chicago is united again under the Mother Church.
Ill c III H
GREEK
Salonlkl , April 23, I927.
NOTICE OF THE ECUMENICAL PATRIATCHATE
The Holy Synod if the Ecumezilcal Patriarchate, in whose dominion belong all of the Churches of the Oreek Orthodox Religion the world over, appointed the Holy Rey, Alexandres, as Archbishop for North and South America; his diocese to be established in New York City. The Holy Synod also c^pointed two Bishops, the Most Rey* Philaretos for Chicago, and the Uost Rev. loakeim for Boston. All priests in America in order to be Regulars, must be under the Jurisdiction of the Archdiocese and the two Bishops.
Ill c
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Chicago Greek Dally. Aoril lb, 1927. / c"* ^\
iHS gre::::!: orthodox church of st. Nicholas
NOTICE
p. 2- We sho\ild like to bring to the attention of our pious compatriots the fact that on this coming Saturday, April lb, at 7 P.M. grand vespers will be sung in the new and magnificent Church of St. Nicholas, located at the comer of Sixtieth and South Peoria Streets* Vespers will be sung by all the regular txreek priests of Chicago and suburbs; the sacred singers of five churches - Holy Trinity, Annunciation, St. George's, Mortal Sleep of the Virgin Mary, and Holy Trinity of Gary - will sing the admirable chants with poetic solemnity and expressiveness on the eve of Palm Sunday. After the vespers the hymn to the Virgin Mary will be sung.
On the morning of Palm Sunaay the ceremonies will commence at 9:30 A.M., with holy mass at 10:30 A.M. The vigils throughout Holy Week will commence at seven o'clock sharp every evening.
- 2 - SRSEK
Chicago Oreek Daily > At^rillS, 1927*
We request our pious compatriots to respond and come to discharge their religious obligations on all these holy days.
Prom the Office of the League of Chicago Greek Parishes.
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Salonikl , April 9, I927. The New Charch« Agios Vasilios.
Over two- thousand Sreeks of both sexes, young and old, participated in the celebration of the designation of the New Greek Church, situated at Polk and Ashland BoTd* The 1,U50 seate of the church were occupied long before the beginning of the ceremony^ 6OO or more were coinpelled to stand in the aisles of the Church. The predbminating figure amongst them was the Right Her. Alexandres, of New york. Archbishop of all Greek Churches in the United States; who with the Most Hev, Philaretos, Bishop of Chicago and many of the clergy, officiated at the holy liturgy. The name of the new church was designated as Saint Basil.
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GREEK
Chicago Orttk Daily, March 19, 1927.
AN INVITATION TO THE LEA&UE OF GREEK PARISHES
IN CHICAGO
p. 4- Members of the League of Greek Parishes in Chicago are invited to an extraordinary general meeting in accordance with article 41 ,of the constitution. This meeting is to take lolace on Sunday, March 20, 1927, at 3 P* M. in Holy Trinity Church, which is located at 1101 South Peoria Street. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the purchase of a new church, and consequently it is all- import auat that every member of the League make it his business to attend.
Nickolas Koldcinis, president*
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GRSEK
^^^ ^ Chicago Greek Daily. March 19, 1927. /^^ A
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THE M0VE^{5:N'i• TOWARD SEPAHATION CONTINUES
IHE SIMULTANEOUS PURCHASE OP THREE CHURCHES IN CHICAGO
(Editorial)
p. 1- Undoubtedly Orthodox Christian people will leap for joy today, both the influential Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Holy Synod of Greece - the Most Holy Patriarch of which, Alexander Kos Meletios, will especially rejoice - when they hear the great message which in these coliimns of the Greek Daily will be promulgated throughout the Orthodox world* The Greek community of Chicago has acquired three new churches within the space of one weekl
This is no trivial matter; it merits the attention of all those who follow the development and the progress of Orthodox Christianity, and who from such observation derive conclusions and form opinions* These conclusions and opinions, interpreting the significance of what has been achieved, will naturally be very favorable; leaders of the Orthodox faith will heap
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- 2 - GREEK
Chicago Oreetc Daily, March 19, 1927.
t
blessings and eulogies on the foTinders of these three new churches, institutions of which the purpose is to glorify and bless the name of our Lord and to teach devotion, harmony, ana love for our fellow-men.
This really cannot be considered a small or insignificant events Here we have the actual conversion of three churches of other denominations into Orthodox churches. I'hus on the South Side we see a Swedish Protestant church transformed to a Greek Orthodox church; on the North Side a Masonic Temple now houses an Orthodox congregation; and a Hebrew synagogue on the West Side turns to Orthodox Christianity.
Unfortunately, however, this achievement, this news which serves as the basis for many consoling and cheering conclusions, is not so great as it appears. A study of the causes for the acquisition of these three church buildings will result in anything but joy and satisfaction.
First of all, this fact is apparent to every one, that because of the limitations imposed by the immigration laws, we do not now have many immigrants from Greece, and consequently there is no justification for
- 3 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, March 19, 1927.
the simultaneous fotindation of three Greek Orthodox chixrches. However, that which really alters the significance of this news is that neither Christian zeal nor the urgings of faith caused the purchase of these three new churches but the hatred, the passion, ana the spirit of revenge which serve petty interests and cultivate the seeds of separation. Aye, it is the vicious demon of separation rearing his head again, that demon who has plagued America's Hellenism for so many years. With his experience he is certainly in a position to guide ana encourage his devotees, the separatists*
More specifically, these churches were not purchased in order to fulfill the conim\inity's requirements, for there are two churches on the North Side ana two on the West Side, and as for the South Side, though its church has burned aown, church services continue, since another place has heen rented* No, the community required no new churches, but the archbishopric, having no parishes of its own in Chicago, decided to form some out of the existing parishes, and with this intention Archbishop Alexander came to Chicago and formulated a plan for founding new parishes and purchasing churches in order to break the agreement reached in the ecclesiastical settlement of Chicago's Greek community whereby all the
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- 4 - GR5M
Chicago Oreek: Daily. March 19, 1927. ^^,^,. -m ;■ PRC' 30/:^5
churches except that one which was buraed, St. Constant ine' s, acknowledged the religious hegemony of the Holy Synod of Greece. I'his, and this only, is the reason for the archbishopric's founding these churches. In other words, separation and aiscord are being fostered in Chicago's Greek coiimi\inity in order to fulfill the saying, "Those who come without peace leave discord behind."
And now, 0 purchasers and proprietors of your new churches, open their doors and come out in all your glory that the world may pay homage to you, but reT^ember one thing, one fact which remains indisputable: you have no places except those which you have purchased, for the parishes of Chicago's G-reek community have closed the doors of their churches to you.
S. Kotakis.
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Chicago Greek Dally, Feb. 17, 1927* /mk GENEA BAII7
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i^ th'- cr'^ e^.rAr.T of o'lr r-dopted co^Lntiy - nd the r?f-t of th"' ?iriii:^oi v:orl^, I^e\^'^rt}:^l^:T , tho ''^-r^^k -hnrch of ?}nor;-o Ic in .' i^lemn.'', of ' 'hr^-.t to io '••ito tho-^^ -fp-- v'ho otil"^ a'^.'^^^^ t^' th'^ Jiili^.n Or^l ^-^d.-^v , Of c^oMi'se, ever^/^thin!;:- n^^r hrs opposition -^t th'^^ "^ ^ ^i^n" r:%
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Saloniki, Jaixnary g, I927,
GBSEK
TbB New CfaurEh of the Kbrth Dlrision.
The Cfaarchgoers of the Few Charch were honored hgr the presence of ''The Ifiost BeT* Bishop Fhllaretos.'' The tremendous crowd participating In the celebration of Epiphany were rery mach is^reesed by the dignity and profound words of Bishop Fhllaretos* The Bishop ordered the immediate formation of Sunday School classes for the children^ and urged the parents to send their children to the newly created Sunday School^ so they would be imbued with the religious and moral principles of the Orthodox Church*
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Salonlkl» Dec. 25, 1926.
TH3 BIRTH OP CHRIST.
GREEK
A new torn babe in the manger. A star shining in the East. A few shepherd had seen it hover over the stable, were led thither to wonder, then worship.
Three wise men guided across deserts by another pointing straight to Bethlehem, came and brought gifts of gold. A primitive setting, the ste^-father, a carpenter; the mother, a woman of the people, the shepherds, simple and unlearned folk; the cradle a manger where the beasts of burden ate; the mother's couch, the straw on which the beasts slept.
•
But Kings came also. Robes of royalty mingled with the skins of the herdsmen, men of high degree and those of low, met at the same place in the stable at Bethlehem, and knelt at the same lowly shrine.
•»o»
Salonlkl > Dec. 25, 1926.
GREEK
>\
It was democratic. It was a leveler of many traditions that had pictured the coming of a conqueror, a man who would lead tens of thousands of charioteers and swordsmen to the subjugation of a world, beneath the feet of those chosen to rule that world. It was a rude awakening from dreams of broadened realms, increased power, a mightier throne, and power in the destiny of the human race at the beck of one.
The world was weary of the Roman Legions traversing up and down the \7orld, and laying other people under tribute to the Imperator. It had sickened of free men made slaves for the pleasure of their victors. It was nauseated with the sight of roped women and men following the chariots of Caesars, Pompeys and Syllas, of Spartacus fighting to the death the gladiator, his own Kin, for a Nero, or a Domitian, to smile.
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&REEK
Salpniki, Dec* 25, 1926#
The world felt ashamed, that in the capital of this great empire the gold statue of the. horse of Caligula, had incense biirned before it. The incense did not typify faith, but a display of religion. The world was satiated with the bestiality of gorged Rome, and the sophistries of the Oreek philosophers. No setting for the emergence into a better state could have been more wisely chosen by the Creator. The manger, the stable, the bewilderment of Joseph and the helplessness of Mary, in a trying situation, constituted a negation of all that Rome then stood for. The might of Rome, built upon the purely physicad^ fell, and an edifice of the spiritual was built that day. The man born in the manger won the kingship over all Kings.
No wonder that Herod, the then Roman governor, quaked in his sandals ^nd felt the earth tremble. No wonder he sought the death of this inmnt. Herod saw the coming of the cross as a substition for the Roman standard.
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Saloniki, Dec. 25, 1926. GREEK \z
The might of everything material, fell, in the past and will fall in the future, if it is not upheld by spiritual faith and culture* The Oreeks of this country owin.^ to their feverish desire to acquire the almighty dollar, due to keen competition, forget divine duty towards themselves and others so that spiritual development is neglected for the sake of material gain. In Building big and beautifiil Churche.^, and decorating them with golden Irons will not give us spiritual culture, sind goin^ to Churches, to be seen by others, will not alter the fact. The giving of money for public charity, for the sake of publicity will not make us Christians. Participating in celebrations of rituals and pompous ceremonies will not give us a particle of spiritual ^advancement. We at^-emot to deceive others, and others deceive us. We play ' game of hide and seek*
-5-
Saloniki. Cec. 25, 1926
OBEEK
Let us be true to ourselves. Let us, at least, follow our progenitors in sincerity and integrity. The ancient Oreeks although not knowing: the real Gk)d of the world and being idolaters, as Socrates in his apology to the Judges called them, were nevertheless sincere in the belief of the twelve Olympian Grods.
The Saviour of the world brought light instead of darkness;
He brought truth instead of illusion. Let us follow the
star of truth in spite of wheibit may lead us. The teachings
of Christ not only will help us to acquire spiritual wealth
but will also help us to acquire material wealth through being
sincere witn ourselves and others. In our daily struggles, in our
business, in our domef^tic affairs, and in everything, if we are
true to ourselves, others will soon know it and esteem us accordingly.
Christmas stands for Truth, Love, Charity and Joy. Let us follow the Star of Bethlehem,
«v.
._ J!li>^'
ihe hope and wish of the bouth-bide Greeks is to raise money in order to rebuild the St. Constantiae Church and school, hence we are giving our 17th annual dance at the Trianon, Dec. :37th, for that purpose, ihe oouth Didars as well as the rest of the Greeks are urgently invited to be present at the dance, which will be enriched by a vaudeville program.
GHcIJfiK
Saloniki. Dec. 25, 1926.
NEW CHURCH.
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We respectfully inform the Greek people of ohicago, that the North- aiders have estabii-shad a ..e\7 ureek ohurch at winthrop and holly- wood Aves«
The uhristmas rituals v/ill be honored by the presence of G« De Pastas, Consul General of Greece, oannonical Priest of the i^ew ohurch is uev, uons^antine iiatzedemetriou, teacher of the iScumenical Throne*
iLiI-2. URiiiiiJK
baloniki, ..ec, ;j5, iy26.
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The Greek residents of the South-Side are informed that Christiaas mass will be held at the nail of Midway Masonic lemple. ihe holy ritual will begin at 10:30 tm'SA.
St. Constant ine Uhurch. Uonunittee*
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GREEK .' ' A
Chicago Greek Daily> Nov. 12, 1926.
AN INVITATION FROM HOLY TRINITY CHURCH TO THE LEAGUE
OF THE GREEK PARISHES IN CHICAGO
p. 1- Members of the League of the Greek Parishes in Chicago are invited to Holy Trinity Church on Thursday, November 25, to exercise their electoral rights according to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh articles of the constitution. Holy Trinity Church, in which the League has its offices, is located at 1101 South Peoria Street, and on that day - the day of the election, November 25 - it will be open from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M.
The following persons are candidates for the office of controller:
(1) Dlmitrios Diaggelis, (2) Theodore Laskaris, (S) Aristides Mourikis,
(4) Nick BasioTiris, (5) Consteuntine Bousios, and (5) Theraistocles Haliotis.
There are twenty-three candidates for the office of adviser:
(1) Elias Athajiasopoulos, (2) John Antonopoulos, (S) Anastasios Apostolopoulos, (4) George Apostolopoulos, {^) John Dimitrakakis, (6) Gregory Dimopoulos, (7) Dlmitrios Kasaris, (8) Dimitrios Kalabroutinos, (9) Basil Karagiannis, (10) Steve Karagiannis, (ll) Steve Katigiannis, (12) Dimitrios Kleronomos,
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Chicago Greek Daily, Nov. 12, 1926.
(13) Anthony Kleros, (14) Nick Kokkinis, (15) Christ Kotsionatos,
(16) Spires Constantatos, (17) George Lourdis, (18) Athanasios Ro\impos,
(19) Nick Sahheas, (20) Antonios Stamatopoulos, (21) Hercules Tsekinls,
(22) Athanasios Tsolakos, and (23) Anthony Pragkias.
We wish to remind the honorable members that they should not vote for more than five controllers nor for more than fifteen advisers. If they do otherwise, their ballots will be considered void.
The Examining Committee*
Chicago Oreek Daily. Oct. b, 1926. WPA/«'Mi^o* >. ..
A DANCE GUEM BY THE YOUNO LADIES OF THE SOUTH SUE
p. 1- This year's dancing activities will begin with a dance to be given by the young ladies of the South Side at the Palmer House on tnis coming Monday, Oct. 11.
This group of brilliant young ladies bears the encouraging name New Generation ana has always helped the community by its activities. This delightful evening dance which they are arranging will oenef it the Oreek public as us\ial, for not only the enjoyment of the dance is to be con- sidered but also the fact that the proceeds of the affair will be used for charitable purposes. These young ladies of the South Side have always devoted the orofits of their gala occasions to national ana philan- thropic enterprises. We are always ready to write to any length about the activities of this group.
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OREEK ...^
Cnicago Oreek Daily, 0(;t. 6, 1926.
.' 7
YASILIOS lU CHICAGO
\
p. 1- The G-reek community in Chicago remains in its original position, that is, it holds to the religious organization to which it has adhered from the beginning, regarding the Holy Synod of Greece as its spirit\ial head. In view of this fact it would he strange if any one of our fotir churches took under consideration an ousted bishoo such as Vasillos Komvopooilos, who recently distributed bills informing us that he would talk at some hall on the South Side. This talk took place on the day before yester- day.
The result of this speech was merely to lower vasilios* reputation and public standing, for besides the fact that his listeners were so few that they could be counted on the fingers on one's hands, not one priest chose to attend this meeting which Vasilios held, and only Liakopoulos participated in it, 80 as to complete the festival.
After such disdain displayed by the Greek community to the ousted Metro- politan we consider it unnecessary to write anything about the remarks which he made.
The Contradictor.
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SALOiaKI , Sept. 11, 1926 ^y
The Church and the School of the South Side.
p. 2. The erection of the new building, the St. Constantine Church and School, i? but a matter of ti?ie. The committee, headed by Bishop Philaretos, reporst amo^ont of noney already on hand and donators as follows: Andrew Karzas and Co., $10,000; The Nea ^enea (Young ladies society), S5,5l6; Wm. Argiris, 80U E. 67th St., $2,000; Stamos Bros., 9153 Commercial Ave., ;n,000; John San- tsolas, 2361 E. 67th St., $1,000; Kontos Bros., 630U S. Halsted St., $1,000; Peter OioTanis, 3OOO Shields Ave., $1,000; The St, r^elena ^eek Ladies Society, $1,000; Pa.ul Demos, I60 II. La5alle St., $1,000; George Spiros, 325 S. Fist St'., $1,000; 'aeorge Lembesis, 75th St. ^ Cottage Jrove, $1,000; Goe. Pittas, 5I2S 2vans Ave., $1,000; J. Krigos ajid Tom Tsikos, I37U E. 63rd St., SI, 000; Evan. Nomicos, 313 Washington Bank Bldg. , $1,000; Peter Contis, 755 E. UJth St. $500; Peter Primis, Hammond, Ind. , .:p500; Colombia Ice Cream Co., $500; Peter Lliller, \ 6700 Stoney Island Ave., $500; Oeorge Bousanis, SI5 W. 69th St., $500; George
Ghristopo^olos, 313 Washington Bank Bldg., $500; George Lr ggis , 720 W. 63rd St., $500; Pantopoulos Bros., 11101 S. Michigan Ave., $500; Katsantonis Bros, $500; John Ahamnos, 75th St. <k Cottage Grove Ave., $500; John Georgakopoulos, 326 S. 63rd St., $500; Evan Papas and Bros. P?7 E. .'^Ist St., $U00; Achil. AngeloDoulos, 51st di Cottage Grove Ave., $320; Harry Hek^s, 623^ langley Ave., $300.
page 2.
GREEK
SALOHIKI , Sept. 11, I926
Next Monday, Sept. 20th, Mr. Andrew Karzas will give a dance at the '^'ria- non, for the benefit of the Chiirch and School of St. Constantine. The dance under the auspices of the American Hellenic World Journal, with the cooperation of Greek ladies societies and a committee of eleven memhers.
(Pull)
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17
GREEK
Chicago Gr»«k Daily. S«pt. 4, 1926. THE NEEDS OF OUR COMMUNITY
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p. 1- The Greek community in ChicagOy largest of the Greek communities in America and distinguished for its patriotic sentiment, is not in a very pleasant condition from the communal aspect* The North Side, embroiled in cotirt with its former rector, has expended more than a few thousand dollars, and still the litigation is not ended. The West Side has been in need of a new church for a long time and realizing it has labored toward that end, but so far it has not succeeded in accomplishing its object. The South Side has been literally without church or school since the burning of its church.
Unfortunately it will cost many hundreds of thousands of dollars to build these churches; and the economic situation is not very encoiiraging to the attainment of this end. However, neither the West Side nor the South Side can remain without a church because the West Side's existing church is not only insufficient for its future needs but in the condition in which it stands is no honor to the Greek community; and as for the South Side the
Ill C - 2 - SREEK /"" >s
Chicago Grtek Daily, Sept. 4, 1926 • erection of a church is a matter of absolute necessity^
Because of our great concern for Hellenism in Chic£igo we have not under* taken to deal with this subject heretofore; on the West Side the erection of a church was so sure that it seemed an accomplished fact, and we therefore did not think that it would be to the interest of the community to deal with this matter, for we feared that a public examination might place obstacles in the way of its achievement. We took the same attitude with reference to the South Side district. But this condition of church- less districts cannot continue, and since so much time has passed without accomplishment, we have decided that it is our duty to abandon our reserve and to proceed with a thorough investigation of the matter* We propose to arouse the interest of the members of the community so that the object in view may be achieved; that is, the erection of churches on the South Side and on the West Side.
Now we wish to have it understood that we have stirred up this subject so important to our interests for only one purpose, - to lighten the work of the committees which undertook this very strenrious and difficTilt task.
Ill C - 3 - &RESK /^ ^ ^
Chicago Greek Daily > Sept. 4, 1926.
On this matter we will first try to get the opinions of those members of our community who have taken part in communal work before; they are in a position to give opinions and to drive at the mark.
We shall begin this thorough investigation within a few weeks, and we are confidant that we shall help to hasten the church -building. It is some- thing which has been considered absolutely necessary for a long time. The reason why it has not been accomplished is that interest has been lacking. People do not show the interest which is necessary for the execution of large community projects. In fact, though one observes much progress in the private enterprises of Chicago Greeks, one does not see such progress reflected in their communal xinder takings. Now it must be understood that it is not permissible for so prosperous, flourishing, and successful a community to lag behind in its communal problems, and it is no credit to the enterprising and businesslike Chicago Greeks to con- sider churches, schools, hospitals, and clubs - institutions which always advertise the race before foreign people's eyes - as unworthy enterprises.
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Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 4, 1926 • V\:/
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We believe that it is about time for us to rouse ourselves from the stupor which has overwhelmed us and to begin to take an interest in community projects* Without these projects it is impossible for us to appear as a large, flourishing, and prosperous community, - a community which claims to be first among Greek communities in America*
S. Kotakis.
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GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Aug. 2S, 1926.
ST. GEORGE'S GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH, CHICAGO
Notice is hereby given to pious and Orthodox Christians that the axmaal celebration of the Feast of the Assiunption of the Virgin Mary will he held in the comrannity Church of St. George, 2701 Sheffield Avenue, on A\igust 23.
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SALONIKI , Aug. lU, 1926
Announcement of the Archdiocese.
p. 7. Owing to the great multiplicity of collections for religious and other purposes, the Archi episcopacy deems it advisable to guard and protect the public from unauthorized persons, Greeks and others, who, under the guise of religion, victiMze the Greek communities.
No civilian, or clergyman, has the ri^t to solicit contributions unless he possesses proper credentials from the Archdiocese.
Alexandre 5 of United States
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GKdiil^K
oaloniki, ouly 17, 1926, p« 5
.;e are informed that the Greek Orthodox Uhurch which never permits itself, either by tradition or prefixed cannonical rules, to become stagnant, but always follov/s the necessities of the times has consented to particiiiate and enter v/illingly the antici- pated discussions oi the changing of the Greek calendar.
rhe Greek orthodox Church has ^.Iways riaintained the indisputable fact, t r.t in changing the date of a certain religious event, religion is not altered,
'rtliether piaster bunday, for instance, is celebrated on the first or second i:3unday of April would not alter or change the religious significance of the event • fhe Greek Orthodox church always has advocated unity of action and function aiaongst the Christian uhurches of the world.
GSTTFJK
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SALOKIKI . July 3, I926
Greek Yo\mg Men's Christian Association, The National Joy.
p, 7. Taking as a model the Young Men's Christian Association of America, which functions successfully, not only in the United States, hut all over the world, a similar organization was formed here in Chicago throu^ the initia- tive of Beacon M. Mazokopakis. The name given to the Chicago organization is National Joy. The aims of the organization are revealed "by Mr. Mazokopakis, and Mr. S. Katsantonis, the president of the Association in their addresses which we will quote a little further on.
Officers of thf^' organization that were recently elected are: S. Katsan- tonis, president; Van Nomikos, vice president; J. Semidalas, treasurer; A. Garoufales, secretary; Geo. Katsinis, ass't secretary; Nick Poulos, ass't secre- tary; Wm. Kartzas, Mark Mamalakis, and Peter Eliopoulos, directors; M. Mazoko- pakis, honorary president.
The Deacon in addressing the youth, said, "Human beings have always huilt their hopes upon an upri^t thinking youth. For that reason, every nation and particularly Greece, from the ancient epoch, endeavored with devotion and love to create, cultivate, and develop, healthy minds and hearts amongst the youth.
page 2. GREEK
»
SALOKIKI . July 3, 1926
By doing that Greece was always rewarded with the abundant production of virtu- ous and upri^t thinking citizens.
Many virtues hejeweled the Greeks, "but outstanding of these were devotion to God and undisputed love of country. Our predecessors, who came from Greece, were always devoted to their divine duty. They always carried with them the Vestal fire and kept it inextinguishable, as a symbol of their loyalty. Even though they were far away from their Mother country, they did not cease to cul- tivate the ideals of their race.
Our race is not "becoming old and ready to die. The sentiments, feelings, and thoughts of our ancestors are manifested today.
You are, the verification of this. Youl the founders of the Greek Young Men's Christian Association, the National Joy. Youl the blooming flower of your no'ble ancestral tree. In you, and in your heart, the inextinguishable Holy-Fire, gives and will give light to the coming generation.
Your no'ble endeavors, and your devotion to the National Joy, are followed with our sympathies, respect, and pride.
page 3.
GREEK
SALOKIKI. July 3. 1926
Mr. Katsantonis, in a "brief and concise speech said, "It is not quite a year, since seven or eight members decided to form the National Joy. Today the member sMp is over two himdred.
With religion as a hasis and Morality as its aim, the National Joy can- not do otherwise than succeed. There is not a single Greek, who did not, and does not, praise and assist this Association,
This Brotherhood, on the 10th of June, gave a dance at the Sherman Hotel, for the purpose of -raising funds to rebuild St. Constantine's church. The re- sult was crowned with great and unexpected success. Associa.tions of this kind, that tend to mold the youth, to follow the right road, are slirays assisted and supported "by all.
(Full)
Ill c
baioniki, *July 3, 1926, p* 1
VARIOUS Njili\,3
UKiiIiiiK
<^t>^cS'/
ihe vigilant eye of the Vatican's propoganda during the iiiucharistoc congress, was turned to the press, and its desired purpose fulfilled,
yrom every part of the land, the publicity was abundant • The Cardinals, from all the Continents, wearing their showy attire, and their expensive gens, were the center of all eyes and activity* A Chinese Cardinal who is considered {±f any one believes the publicity) the Hockfeller of China, participated in the nagnificent ostentention*
well done indeed, xhe pontifical t^rince of the Eucharists was in constant contact with nis holiness the i^ope during the four days convention* The Pont if never stopped during the four day Congress, sending daily blessin^^s to Chicago, for its reception and interest in the Kucharistic congress* Very wisely, methodically and mechanically, the Pont if was introduced to the other dogmas, to be acclaimed and recognized as ti\e only representc.tive of Christ.
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^^aloniki, *July 3, 1926
At the time the Papal nuncio here v/as deiiying iioman Catholicism and urging other Christians to come and receive the blessings of the irontif at the celebration; the Pope blazoned to the four corners of the earth that a Greek Patriarch, who came to Home for that purpose, received his blessings •
in our previous edition we wrote with authority, about the false annoucement of thj Pope.
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III H Saloniki^ Jiine 26, 1926, p* 1 SREBK
I C
IV THE EUCHARISTIC COliaRSSS AND THE VATICAN.
In my previous publication I have written the essentials and non-essentials of the Bucharistic Congress* I emphasized, the imperative duty of the Oreek Church as well as vll the Christian Churches to participate in the Bucharistic celebration as one Christian family.
But the systematic and scientific propaganda of the Vatican, to dominate Christendom and become St. Paul's successor and Autocrat of all the Christians of the world, must be exposed for the sake -^-^ record. Future generation of "hristendom will be astounded by the intrl^e, and deliberate falsifications and prevarications of the Vatican.
The prince of the Vatican, Cardinal Bonzano, on the first day of the celebration, read the Papal annuncio, with which the Pontiff of the Vatican asks the un^'^ication of all the Christian Churches, and the recognition of the Vatican's head as the only leader of Christendom, and consequently the absolute terrestrial representative of Jesus Christ.
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Salonikl . June 26, 1926. (SSBK
Things might have been good and successfiil for the xinifi cation of Christendonit if the history of the Vatican was not besmeared with deception hypocrioy, intrigue and falsification of the tn^th. A reporter of The Chicago Daily News under date of J\ine 21 st sent the following telegrsun:
Pope Pius the XI on the occasion of the day, announces the ratification of
the newly elected ftreek Patriarch nndouhtly, the object of the telegram was
to creat an i-Tipression that a Greek Patriarch went to Rome to take the oath of allegiance to the Pope, and be blessed by the Pope#
No Greek Patriarch in the history of Orthodoxy ever went to Rome to take an oath of allegiance to the Vatican. The intelligent, informed and sane mind knows, that the Greek Patriarch does not swear allegiance to the Vatican.
The truth is, than an Armenian monk named Mogagad of the Armenian Benedicts of Antioch, went to Rome to receive the blessing of the Pope.
/o"^ S5
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Saloniki, June 26, 1926. GHSEK'^
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Such falsifications are only small incidents in the past and present history of the Vatican, which is beclouded by untruths, intrigues and non-Christian methods and activities*
If the Pope in Rome was willing and ready to alter the present system, and stop advocating the perpetuation of monarchies, and retilize the colossal wealth of Catholicism for educational and philanthropic purposes, the unification of the Christian Religion would be realized in a very short time*
N. Salopoulos.
Ill C GREEK
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IV Chicago Greek Dally. June 26, 1926.
HOW LONG IS HELLENISM GOING TO REMAIN DIVIDED?
p* 1- Hellenism can benefit from the splendid congress organized by the Catholic Church if it will learn this lesson, - that only by imltlng will It be able to command respect In this country.
The religious sentiment continues to be very lively, and it will continue to be so in the future. For this reason the bonds between Greece and the Greeks In America must be tightened; they must not be allowed to remain lax, thus causing incalculable harm to our national interests which partisan blindness will not let us perceive.
The establishment of the self-governing American Church, which pretends to be under the Jurisdiction of the Patrlairch of Constantinople, Is the result of party differences; more specifically, the establishment of that Independent Church by the ousted Metropolitan Vaslllon is due to factional discord, and It gave rise to those partisan speeches which were made by Archbishop Helltiou.
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Ill C - 2 - &REEK
III H
IT Chicago Greek Dally, June 26, 1926, WPA (ilL) :w; 30/7^
The existence of both Churches has no other effect than to perpettiate the the division and the dissipation of our national strength.
It would he hard to express,* as the Church of Greece knows, how whole- hearted our support of the Archbishop's regime would be if we had the sli^test hope that it could unite Hellenism in America* Unfortunately, however, its efforts toward this end have failed, and factional strife continues, continually waxing stronger. I'hus the Archbishopric, in spite of its official recognition by the Greek hierarchy and the support granted to it by the Greek Government, has Mp to this time failed to effect a union of the Greeks in this coimtry.
Well, as long as a large number of Greek Orthodox churches refuse to recognize the Archbishopric, preferring to follow an ousted Metropolitan instead, and as long as the majority of the priests in those churches and of the communities which support them remain independent, upholding a leader who broke away from the authority of the original ecclesiastical order because he did not wish to comply with its decree and go to Athens - as long as these conditions prevail, there will always be obstacles to uility.
Ill C - 3 - GREEK
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IV Chicago Greek Dally, J\ine 26, 1926. WPA (ilL) FnJJ ^iU^/^
That is how things are; and it is time for the Patriarchate and for the Greek nation to examine conditions with more sagacity and to prevent the division of Hellenism by finding a way to facilitate unity and peace in the Greek Church of America*
We believe that the best solution and the easiest way to effect the establishment of such peace and unity is the way followed by the Church of Greece and the Patriarchate of Constantinople when they came to an agreement on the restoration of the former status quo; only by the dis«- patch from Greece to America of a legate of the Holy Synod will all the churches and their priests be persixaded to submit to one ecclesiastical order*
We believe this, that Hellenism, having had enough of these quarrels and dissensions, desires to find a way to adjust its differences, and that the constituents of the Archbishopric and those of Vasilion no longer desire because of petty personal interests to oppose a solution that will
make possible the union of Hellenism and the restoration of ecclesiastical prestige.
Ill C - 4 - GREEK
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I? Chicago greek Daily, June 26, 1926. y^p/^ ;[ ; -^ :;) -
We do not believe that either the Patriarchate or the Holy Synod of Greece is enthusiastic over all the dissension which has harassed the Greek churches in America for so many years; neither shoiild the Greek Government he satisfied with such conditions. However, it is time for them to realize that the Patriarchate, the Holy Synod, and the Greek Government are themselves responsible for the perpetuation of this discord, and that only by their cooperation aind intervention will union be made possible. They have created the present ecclesiastical situation in America by failing for the last three years to subject the churches of America to their administration; and these independent churches comprise no small number of communicants.
How much longer shall you delay?
S. Kotakis.
Ill 0
III a GREEK ^■
Salonlkl, J\ine 19, 1926, p. 1
Tw systj::m,and th.^ respect for it.
Chicago^ including its small and big stores, banks, hotels, transportation, civic institutions, etc., is in feverish preparation, for the four day celebration of the Eucharistic Congress Convention.
The eyes of the world, including the dignitaries of Catholicism, who were
sent here by the Papal Throne from the five Continents of the Globe, and
of this great Republic, which is free from Ecclesiastical intolerance, are focused
upon the celebration, with devotion and due respect to the colossal church
institution called Roman Catholic.
One million people in New York welcomed the delegates of the Vatican, and two million eeople hers in Chicago, either through devotion or curiosity honored with magnificence, the arrival of the delegates of Catholicism. The city of Chicago, including all religious denominations and the Jews, was decorated with the pA-pal banner, and dignitaries of othe dogmas were assisting and aiding the celebration of the Catholics,
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Salonikl, Jtine 19, 1926.
GRSM
I* I* ^
••i<*a^
And why all that? Because the systematic power of the Catholic Church is imposed on and felt by millions of people, not only within its circles but everywhere. The preponderance of the Catholic element, the devotion of its members, the almi^rhty power of money, and, above all, the centralized systematic power and authority of the Vatican, are potent factors for the building up and maintaining of such an imposing magnificence and effects That wonderful system emanates from the centralized Tribunal of Catholicism in Rome and its mighty leader, the Pope, who reigns over the Vatican, although he is imprisoned in it.
This self imprisoned almighty Emperor of the greatest Christian Empire of the world, through his systematized and nxling power, governs Catholicism the world over, with such awe and respect that his scepter of authority and preponderance is felt and recognized by other dogmas as well. The imposing power of Catholicism is feared and respected everywhere.
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Saloniki, June 19, 1926.
This has been written for the sake of comparison. Orthodoxy, being the mother of all dogmas, and the tradition ot" the Greek race, which race, was the first one to adopt Christianity and spread it by means of the Greek tongue, (in which the Gospel was written) was, until the 15th century the dominant Christian world dogma of the Byzantine Empire^ However, today, with 250,000^000 subjects ana the wealth of these subjects. Orthodoxy has sufi'ered and is sul'fering the greatest of tribxilations and trials within and without.
Where is the Ecumenical Patriarchate and its power? Who governs, the great Orthodox Empire of North Russia? The Patriarchate? No, it is governed by Jews. What are the deeds of Orthodox people within and without the domain of the Church? Mutual discord, and division. What is the attitude of our Patriarchates, towards religious harmony and mutual activity? It is known, very well known, by all.
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Saloniki, June 19, 1926, p. 1
GREEK J ^-
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Why, the existance of so many Patriarchates, why, the division, why not have, one Eciimenical Patriarchate? We know, that in unity there is strength, and that the mighty strength of unity is felt and imposed upon that forsake and deserted 130,000,000. Russian Orthodox subjects and their Patriarchate? Where is the power, that would have stopped Kemal Pasha from his sacrilegious activities such as the slaughtering of thousands upon thousands of Christians?
The strength of the 250,000,000 subjects of Orthodoxy should have been sufficient to impose its iron grasp upon the sacrilegious if Orthodoxy were ruled and governed by one Patriarchate and not seven, as now is the case.
The Catholic Church, separated from the Greek Mother Church in the 9th century, became the largest and the strongest Church of all, in spite of the opposition of other dogmas, and it has the best organization to serve the needs of its objectives.
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Saloniki, June 19, 1926. &RESK
According to the Christian Canons, all the ritiials, rites, celebrations and performance of sacraments are done by the simplest and natural means, without pomp or any ostentention, nevertheless the rite of the Encharists, today, presents a magnificent, showy aspect, with which, according to the prevalent spirit of advertisement, the Catholic Church demonstrates the mighty power of its dogma, and acquires new subjects.
But the Vatican is a separate religious institution, governed by its own laws and leaders, without being under the political idiosyncracies of national political leaders, and for that reason, its systematized power is felt the world over.
The Creek Church, unfortunately, is under the supervision of the government which government changes its powers ever so often, and, accordingly the system of the church.
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Salonikl . June 19, 1926. GSmH
Let us systematize this religious institution, otherwise its followers and devotees would "be estranged and separated. Let us hope, the seven Patriarchates of Orthodoxy would be \xnited, and by that unity the Greek Government would be requested to relinquish the governing power of the Chtirch* Such procedure would be beneficial to the government, to the Church, and to the people in general. Let us have a system that shall acquire the respect of all.
Ill C Saloniki. May 29, 1926. \ =s : GBEEK
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HIS HOLINESS, MELETIOS METAXAKIS.
The Sreeks of America and especially the Greeks of Chicago rejoiced upon the election of Mr. Meletios, as Patriarch of Alexandria and Metropolitan of Athens. His Holiness, the former Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, has many friends and devotees in Chicago, and he is known all over Orthodoxy for his character of steel*
His ascension to the throne, is looked upon as a protective shelter to suLl the Churches including the Independent Church of Greece.
The Greeks of Chicago will celebrate the event, as a victory for Christendom;
Ill C Salonlkl. May 22, 1926, p. 7
I A 2 a
INVITATION.
GREEK
The Greeks of the South Side, and every Greek In general who is interested in the Church of St. Constantine, are invited this coming SuncJay, ^ay 23rd to take an active part in the plans for building a ne^7 church and school.
The place of the meeting will he at the site of the burned Church, 6105 Michigan Blvd. The session will begin at 2 P.M.
From the Office.
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GBSEK
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SALONIKI , May S, 1926
A Letter to the Sditor of Saloniki.
Honorable Sir, kindly publish my letter in your newspaper for the "benefit of all concerned, and I "beg to he held responsible for the veracity of its con- tents.
The Patriarchate of Jerusalem, being in debt $3,000,000, decided to send Archbishop Panteleimon, to the United States, to collect contributions for the Agios Tafos of Jerusalem. This Holy Father Panteleimon, fortified with cre- dentials from the Patriarchate, cajne to America and found a very rich field for the purpose.
This Theologian and Hierarch of that branch of the Greek orthodox church, decided to immortalize the Scribbers and the Pharisees, became shrewd and cun- ning and for the sake of the almi^ty doll^sr, divided the Greek church of Ameri- ca. He htdlt in New York a branch of the Jerusalem Patriarchate. The ^^lihle Oreeks of America, "believing that the Greek church was indivisible, as long as it was headed "by a hierarach of the seven Patriachates of Orthodoxy, followed him and generously contributed to the \mfortunate Patriarchate of Jerusalem,
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GREEK
SALONIKI . May 8, 1926
which was $3,000,000 in the red. The money, already collected, was not sent to the Patriarchate, but was and is used to keep this Archhishop and his clique in luxury in the American Metropolis.
This is not a new practice of the clergy of Jerusalem. They undertake to build and run monasteries, and other branches of such institutions. It usually takes rivers of gold to keep these monasteries and their branches going. At the end of m\ich extravagance they usxially send the bill to the Jerusalem Pat- riarchate,
Ohi gullible Greeks of America, do not send any more dollars to this Holy Father, who is one of the many that caused the Patriarchate to be $3,000,000 in debt. The Ec\imenical Patriarch requested the Patriarch of Jerusalem to recall Archbishop Panteleimon.
Respectfully yours,
Vasil Vasiliadis. Newly arrived Greek from Jerusalem. Teacher & Church singer of the Community Address; 379 Coggeshall St. of St. George. New Bedford, Mass.
v^.
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GBEEK
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SALOHIKI, May 1, 1926
A Letter For Publication.
For the "benefit of all concerned, this Newspaper publishes a letter sent by Mr, Ant. Mizalis, a resident of Foun Du Lac, Wisconsin, It states:
"A ftreek, living a good many years in Manitowac, Wisconsin, went to Greece^ While there he fell in love with a girl and decided to marry her. He applied to the priest of his native town and also to the Episcopate of his coTinty for a license; it was refused. On the ground that he did not have a certificate from the priest of his parish, asserting that he is a member of a Cannonical church. The poor Greek had to postpone his marriage until he got the required certificate."
Is the pop"ulace responisble for the division of the chiirch in America, or the clergy? Why should we hold the church-goers responsible and not the church itself? Of coTirse, both the populace and the church are right. The tking which is not right, will soon be adjusted by the coming of the Plenipotentiary Extra- ordinary, of the Ecuminical Patriarchate. The Hi^ Prelate knows where the wrong lays. But in the meanwhile, the ^reek and his girl must wait for the certificate.
Ill 0 III H III S
GREEK
SALONIKI . April 2k, I926 ■ - W.p,
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Chicago Greeks and His Holiness (xennadios.
p. 1 During the short so^lourn, of the Metropolitan and his entourage, conrposed of eminent and noteworthy personages of the Greek Metropolis, the Greeks of Chicago "became uncontrolled in showing their hospitality for the distinguished visitors from their former mother country.
The committees, from the rarious churches, created a stampede, at the quarters of the visitors as to which one would he the first to offer hospi- tality to the distinguished visitors* The sentiment was so great, and the crowd 80 huge, that traffic was stopped for blocks • The sentiment was wholly attributed to the desire of the Greek-Americans to hear and see the eminent sons of their former mother country.
Such a display of emotion is characteristic of the Greek element, hut it W€t8 enhanced by the thou^t that the real mission of the visitors was to study the methods of the running of the Young Men's Christian Association and to adopt them for similar institutions in Greece which are now being built.
age 2. OREBK
SALOHIKI . April 2k, I926
The Greeks of Chicago are proud to learn that their mother cotmtry is adopting American methods in the supervision of institutions for the youth of Greece.
Ill C GREEK
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Swiit Arrow, April 23, 1926.
GREEK PRIMATE SEES PLANT
Gennadios, Greek Primage, Metropolitan of Greece, the second highest Ecclesiastic in the Greei^ Orthodox church, paid the Swift and Company plant a visit on Friday, April 16.
Although the Orthodox church dignitary and his party were in Chicago only for a short visit, he expressed a desire to see the Swift plant and learn something about the company whose foods and products he had seen even in Greece» He expressed great interest in the things he saw on the plant, and asked many questions, which were answered Oy those of the party who spoke both Greek and English.
included in the group were Col. George Kondikaicis. He was awarded thirteen medals during the war, and his brother, it was said, was the first Greek soldier to die in the war. Others were Commoaore Constantine Melas of Saloniici, ^ilamoss, an American citizen, who has lived in Greece for several years, Philaretos, ±Jishop of the GreeK Orthodox church in
Chicago and San Francisco, Paul Demos, C. P. Mammon and Mr. Marshall and Chris G. Panagos of Swift and Company.
Ill c III H
GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, April 19, 1936.
MISSIONS FROM GREECE
We continue our discussion of missions from Greece and consider it our duty to describe the situation of Hellenism in America as it actually exists to those in Greece as well as to those v;ho compose the mission here, so that they may not deceive themselves by imagining that the Greeks of America, divided among themselves, can contribute to whatever cause those in Greece desire them to help,
V/e consider it necess-ry, since the Most Reverend Father Gennadios and the gentlemen who, along with him, compose the mission are here, to present the sitTiation to them as it really is, so that when they ret\irn to Greece, they will be able to interpret things accurately. For we do not believe that if they had had the slightest idea of the situation, they would have crossed the ocean, headed by a church dignitary who, regardless of right or wrong, had already drawn up a plan to visit the churches of one camp and to refuse his blessing to the other, ignoring its churches.
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Chicago Greek Daily, April 19, 1926.
rhere is no need of criticism or comment to make peoole realize the result of such an attitude on the part of the leader of the mission, nor is it necessary to emphasize how injurious it is to the purpose for which the mission came*
If they had been aware of the existing situation, either they would not have decided to come to America, or they would know how to face it, for those who know the facts always find a way to meet them, and only those who do not know them or do not want to learn them find themselves in predicaments.
What has taken place in Chicago is a strange phenomenon for the Greeks of America, not seen since pre-war times. To wit, all parishes, together with their executive councils and priests, are to participate in the reception of this mission, to organize a very solendid supper in its honor, ana to show a sincere desire to cooperate for the success of the mission.
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Chicago Greek Daily, April 19 » 1926.
What has broken up our cooperative action over here and again provoked dissension and chaos? The ignorance of persons in Greece and of those who come from Greece about persons and things here.
Yes, gentlemen, just as yesterday you broke up the concord and coopera- tion of the Greeks of Chicago and chilled their eagerness to contribute toward your project, even so have those in Greece split the unity of Hellenism in America by dividing it and, worst of all, by keeping it divided. ^
• • • • • The wrong conception has prevailed in Greece about the break in church bonds between Greece and the Greeks of America. The recogni- tion of the diocese established here for partisan reasons is equivalent to a national crime, and whoever thoughtlessly and heedlessly in any way promotes the continiiance of interrupted relations between the churches in Greece and the churches here is an involuntary contributor to this error.
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Chicago Greek Daily, April 19, 1926,
And therefore any Greeks whatsoever, whether on official mission or not, who come here and do not investigate the situation, or who do not want to understand it, are voluntary contributors to this national crime and are wholly responsible for this dissension of the Greeks and the failure therefrom resulting of every national and patriotic purpose toward which they might greatly contribute.
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&B£E!K
SALONIKI . April 17. 1926
Arrival of His Holiness Grennadios.
p. 1. The Metropolitan of Thessaloniki, His Holiness, Mr. Gennadios, with his entoTirage, arrived in Chicago. The reception committee, headed "by the president of T.M.C.A., Mr. Francis, escorted the distinguished visitor to the La Salle Hotel. A dinner was given by the United Greek Societies in honor of the Prelate and his entourage. The dinner was attended "by 700 including the Mayor of Chicago and many personages.
Noted among the speakers were the Most Rev. Mr. Philaretos, Bishop of Chicago; the Mayor, Mr. Paleologos Mammonas, and Mr. Francis the Master of Ceremonies.
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V
SALONIKI , April 17, 1926
Ecclesiastical Announcement.
The Greek cathedral of St. Oonstantine, throu^ its first priest. Rev. Mr. Petrakis, announces that next Sunday, our visiting Prelate of the Greek church. His Eminence ^ennadios, Metropolitan of Saloniki. will officiate at the above said church, assisted "by Bishop Philaretos; Father Petrakis; and Rev. Mazocopakis, archdeacon. Mr. De Pastas, consul General of Greece, and eminent members of the laity, will participate in the holy liturgy.
The participating worshipers will have the opportunity to hear the elo- quent orator and Ri^t Worshipful Hierarch of the Church of Saloniki.
Due to the fact that the Cathedral has not sufficient room to accomodate the anticipated multitudes, ladies with children are requested to stay at the women's quarters of the church.
Ill C GREEK
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Chicago greek Daily, Apr. 15, 1926.
METROPOLITAII BISHOP affiJlIADIOS'S MISSION IN CHICAGO
Metropolitan Bishop Gennadios arrived to-day in Chicago accompanied by Constant ine Mela, a shipmaster of the Greek navy, and G. Kontikaki, a colonel of the Greek array, who, with an official mission from the Greek Govenament and the Greek church, have come to America to express gratitude for aid rendered by Americans in the establishment of refugees and to help strengthen the friendship between the two countries, as well as to stir up the interest of Greeks here in the Y.M.C.A. institutions of Greece.
The object of their mission is undoubtedly most important, and the persons assigned to it are worthy of the task placed upon them.
The Greeks of America, who have always shown their ardent interest for every Greek mission, will undoubtedly in this case also display their Greek sentiments and try with all their might to contribute toward the success of the aim of the Most Reverend Metropolitan Bishop ttenaadios*
Ill c I .^ 2 c
Salonlki , liar* 20, 1926 •
ACTIVITIES OF Tii:^ CO^iMUI^ITY 0? TILL ".iSSUlviPTION OF
TH^ VIRGIN luJiY
The society of Greek ladies leave not.iing undone to facilitate by the raising of funds the erection of a sc'.iool and the beauti float ion of the church.
x^t their last .'iieeting they decided that the necessity of raising money for beautifying the sepulcher of the Savior v:as urgent; so the surri of ^1,250 v/as raised for that specific purpose. Lrs. /Catherine .ioferls presided.
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GREEK
SALONIKI . March I3, 1926
Plenipotentiary Extraordinary of the Patriarchates of the Greek Orthodox Faith Comes to America.
p. 1. The ecclesiastical affairs of the Greek churches in America, and the litigations of the various commmiities before the Bar of Jiastice, became a very painf\il wound to the Mother Church. The idea of terminating the ecclesiastical anarchy in America has become a reality now. Hi^ dignitaries of the church, in collaboration with the Greek government, submitted a request to the Ecumeni- cal Patriarchate of the Orthodox 5'aith that it act to terminate the anarchy of the Greek church in America. His Holiness, the Ecumenical Patriarch, at a full session of the Holy Synod, granted the request, appointing the Metropolitan of Saloniki, Mr. Gennadios, legate of the Grand Church, and Plenipotentiary Extra- ordinary of Orthodoxy, to go to America and restore peace to the litigans, counsel the clergy, and elevate the solemnity and dignity of the Church to its former state. •
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Chicago Greek Daily, P. 1, Mar. 11, I926.
CUR CIiURCII QUESTION
QR^CK
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The negotiations between the Kcly Synod of Greece and the patriarchate o^ Con- stantinople, re^^arding the dependence of the orthodox caurcaes in America still goes on.
The Holy Synod of Greece having made the mistake of resigning from tnf^ admini- stration of the cnurches of America, is now seeking to attain from the Patri- archate restoration of the former regime. The latter claims that it has declar- ed the church in America independent and is, therefore, unable to grant the re- quest.
We thi'ik that the Patriarchate is right, because it substantially has nothing to do with the so-called independent church here, which is using the Patriarchate »c name just for the salce of imposing itself upon the coi^unities dependent on it and of converting others not belonging to it, under the pretext that it serves the interests of the Patriarchate.
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Chica.;^o Greek Daily, :.:arch 11, 1926
:}REEK
The ofil'/ valid Qr.T'a:;.ent that the sue;. orter£ of the independent ohurch ever -jd-
o
vanced .vas that the churohes of A:.:erica '::st be dependent on the Patriarchate of Constantinople for the sake of the Patriarchate's support. This, ti.eir strongest argu:.ent, proves to be a bluff; since v/e have the statement o± the Patriarchate that the Church of America is independent, and that the foruier has no jurisdic- tion over it v/hatsoever. The case resolves itself, in other .vords, to a dog wliich has lost its master.
The answer of the Patriarchate, however, clears up the situation oo ..pletely and gives perfect freedom of action to the Holy Synod of Greece:
(a) Because it never officially resigned its rights over the churches of Ati.erica; (b^ Because Hellenism in An:erica never ceased to recognize it as its highest ec- clesiastical authority;
(c) Because the communities that recognized the so-called Church of America, re- cognized the 'Ecumenical Patriarchate -md ^not the independent church. Consequent- ly, they were deceived in regard to their dependence, for they still continue to believe that they are dependent on the Ecumenical Patriarchate;
(d) Because the Church of Greece aid not r-:isign her rights in order that the Patriarchate sliould titans fer the.i. to other ch.urohes separate from her; ana finally,
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ChiQa;;o Jreek L'aily, l.aroh Ll, 1^26 .
(e) Because the Church of ^i.i.. erica i^s ao uorixi ivutriority ^^hatever over the ijreek ohurchas of .v. erica which uo uot ..ant to re.co. iiize it, nor au", ooiitrol over t-.ose jjridsts vvr.o do :.ot v;ish to subi.iit to its suj-ervisioa.
Therefore, iuasu.uch ds the Church of A.iierica "-vas oorioeived in sin and was brought forth in iniquity by her I other**, to uuote the Scriptures, it is imperative for the Holy Synod oT Greece to assu:':e its rights without any consideration for the so-called Church of A::. erica. It is an i::.perative duty, because the peace and harii.ony of Greeks in Au.erioa dernand it.
Ilobody doubts that when the Holy Synod of Cr3eoe sends its "ilcGlesiastical Le^.ate, he will be reoo nized by all, and the Saint of America will be left out in the cold holding the title of the resplendent holiest diocese of North and South America of foriner times.
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GREEK 'J.u:i^'l^
SALOHIKI . Pe*r«aiy 20, 1926
Dance Benefit for the Church "Ass-umption of Virgin Mary".
The dance given last S-unday at the Sherman Hotel by the Greeks of the West Side, for the benefit of the church and school, the Assumption of Virgin Mary, was attended "by 2,000 Greek-Americans.
Each of the participants wore a red rose, given gratis by beautiful Greek maidens attired in nationetl costumes. The beautification of the great hall, bedecked by cut flowers of every description, the tinted reflections of the lights, the smiling faces of all, the ever present youth, and the tantalizing music, presented an aspect of splendor that even the minions of the Sherman House stood a^ast.
About 11 o'clock, Mr. K. PaleoJsOgos, in a brilliant and oratorio speech, brought out the potentialities of our present dgy endeavors and sacrifices in building up churches and schools. The dance and hilarity proceeded to the early hours of the morning.
P.S. Dear Greeks, a few more dances of this kind and we will have churches and schools in every part of the city.
N. Salopotilos.
Ill c I A 2 c
GSEEK
6 ' ''•>•
SALONIKI , January l6, I926 ^^*^ ''
Collection of ^unds to Biiild a Church and School on the West Side.
The newly organized Creek American Community of the West Side, of the City of Chicago, is very active raising money for the erection of a church and school, which will he called Assiimption of Virgin Mary.
Noted among the members of the society are Mrs. Angelica H. Nicolopoulos, Mrs. Demetra A. Nicolopoulos and Fotini Karaka Tsanis. $810 has "been already raised.
In order to increase the sum of contributions the Community gives its first annual dance, Sunday, February 7, at the Sherman Hotel.
The appointed committee for the dance invites all the Greeks of the West Side and vicinity to take part in the forthcoming dance.
nBi<n?.if
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SALOHIKI . January 2, I926
4
Christian Association of Greek Youth, The National Joy.
One of the most important Greek organizations in this country is the National Joy, which tends to "become similar to the American Y.M.C.A.
The present teachers and lectiares of the institution are aiming to give the members, Christian and social culture, naturalization and mutxial assist- ance •
In last Simday's election of the Association, the following officers were elected, S. Kotsonis, president; E, Nomicos, vice president; J. Simigdalas, treasurer; and N. Potilos, general secretary. On the Board of Directors are Gr. Katsinis, B« Karagianis, M« Uamalacos and P. Eliopoulos.
Ill c III A III H
GREEK
SALONIKI . January 2, I926 Debasing the Greek Language.
With the inflTxence and the financial "backing of the Vatican, a degenerate Greek, pseudo professor, came recently to Athens, to pursue the ahdominable activ ity of debasing the Greek language, and the Greek orthodox church and faith.
The financial means, which, this degenerate possesses is $50,000,00 which he spends right and left. This money emanates from the Vatican City of Rome, which very much resents the Greek language of the Gospel, and longs for its alteration.
This froglike, Franco-Levantine, Greek, who went to Paris from Constanti- nople, educated himself in the hrothels of Paris, renounced his Greek religion and his country, Greece, and "become a Catholic serf of the Vatican. In this City with the inexhaustible supply of money at his command, he endeavored to persuade the Greeks of Paris to change their religion and "become puppets and serfs of the Catholic church, leaving nothing undone, that should be done, to Catholicize the Greeks of Paris. As long as the appropriated money lasted, his pupils helped him spend it. Leaving Paris he soon made an appearance in
Page 2.
GREEK
SALQNIKI. January 2, 1926
Athens where, with the help of 50,000 American dollars, he succeeded in forming a cltqne, to fi^t against the Greek language and the Greek orthodox religion. His cohorts audaciously yelped, "Vive Jean Psihari Le Sankoule De Paris!" fol- lowing him everywhere as long as the dollars lasted.
*
This dishonorable "being pixblished some "books under the instruction and guidance of the Catholic church, which "books he distributed gratis among his followers. Some of those books made their appearance here in Chicago. Only one glance through this book is sufficient to cause the reader to realize the ugliness and the strangeness of the written language; it is the language of the Vatican, the language that the Vatican wants the Greeks to learn and speak.
A distinguished Englishman of letters named Joseph McCabe speaking at the auditorium of the Catholic church said, "For twenty years I was a professor at the Vatican, teaching ministers, I, therefore, know what is Catholicism; it is the most mysterious organization in the world. In England Catholicism is ad- vocated and s-upported by H. G. Wells and Mr. Chesterton, under the auspices and financial assistance of the Vatican, These two men published a newspaper for the Catholics.
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GHESE
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SALONIKI , January 2. 1926
••In Prance I met, besides others, a Greek named John Psihari, who advo- cates Catholicism. This Greek makes himself conspicuous, owing to the fact that he is small in hei^t and his frog-like face makes a display of profes- sional education; in reality he is not educated."
How, my dear Greeks, if and when you see a hook of this degenerate Greek, take a look at it, convince yourself of its ugliness and depravity, and then "burn it up. The Greek language and Greek religion will remain unaltered if we really are the sons of Greece. The above mentioned imitation of a human heing cannot he a Oreek.
Ill c
G8BEEK
SALONIKI . Jan\jary 2, 1926
The Chnrch Dance.
The Greek chtffch, the Asstanption of Virgin Mary of the West Side Division, gives Its First Anrnial Dance, on the 7th of Prehniary, in the Grand Ballroom of the Hotel Sherman.
The parishioners of the chtirch are urged to participate in the dance and make it a success. It is heyond douht that other Greeks from various parts of the city will participate.
Ill c I A 2 a
GREEC
Saloniki, Aug. 3, 192d.
NF7 GREEK CHURCH 0.: 'illl WEST SIDE "KCII.ilSIS TIS THEOTCKOU"
p. 2.- The Greek: community on the far V/est Side of the City, not wishing to dra^^ aion^ oehind the progress of other Greek communities in Chicago, resolved to have its ov;n church and school. For that reason the South East corner of Harrison a.nd Central v/as bcu-;n"G and che new church "Kcimisis tis TheotoK:ov" was Duilt. Cn August loth the churcri will he sanctified in a holy liturgy officiated oy the Greek bishop and assisted oy the niera^rcny of Jhicago.
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GREEK
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Chicago i>reek Daily. Feb. l6, I925 THE GREEK CARi":IVAL AT TRIAKON
Tonight the masquerade dance by an Association of young women, the New Genera- tion, will taice -olpce at the Trianon, for the second time, and this one prom- ises to "be more successful than the one of last yepr. It is not simply one of the usual da,nce programs that draws little attention. It is an official Greek carnival (of Lent) that reminds us of how they enjoy themselves in Greece. It takes on a nationaJ. character and proves loyalty to the Patria (ancestral cus- toms).
This dance is given not "by the older immigrants who long for the fatherland, and try to reproduce its various religious and social ceremonies in order to satisfy their racial sentiment, it is taken up by the new generation, which oy so doing, proves that it is animated by a still more ardent racial senti- ment, by making every effort to present a program perfect and complete. We hope that it may draw the interest and admiration of the American public, aJid establish, at the sajne time, a Greek-American fete, in Chicago, to be adopted in American Society.
« 2 - &HijIBK
Chicago Greek Daily, FelD. l6, 1925 Comnents of the Publisher
I'otivsted "by the ahove facts, ne take the opportunity to emphasize that the Greeks of America ou^ht not only to avail themselves of every opportunity presented of the ahove kind, l)ut also to even create such, in order to show themselves to Americans and force the American public to take notice. . . , On that account we must all make greater efforts to "bring aJoout such social demonstrations, l>eca.use it is Dy such actions that a nation is recognized than by the actions of the individual
We must, principally, present ourselves as a Greek mass, capable of creating much, and then we have no one to fear and no one will dare to speak unjustly of us.
If, on che contrary, we neglect to present ourselves as Greeks, either as individuals or groups, we show up the depressing side and the meanness of our character, and we become objects of disdain.
V/e cannot, on the other hand, hide away our nationaJism because they know us and no matter how mu.ch we try to disavow ourselves we v/ill never succeed. Why not, then, express ourselves as Greeks since v/e have all the means and opDortunities?
ni c m H
GRSDC
Hiih (ILL) r\iO-^
Tit ; / ^ *•
Salonikit Hot^ I5f 1924^
THB DKAIH OF THE ECUHBKXCAL PATRIARCH.
p« 1 -* Constant iaopl^f Hot* 14» Sounonical Patriarch Gragorios, vfao had boan ill for mora than a months dlad to-day aftar an oparation*
Tha daeaaaad Patriarchy who axarciaed authority oTor tha Graak Orthodox Church of Amarica^ vaa tha vary troll-known former Metropolitan Karchedonoa* Ha succeeded Patriarch Halatios and was elected for his many yirtues, his ability^ hia patriot iamy and hia good judgment • The Creek churches of Chicago will hold massea for the deceased prelate of the Greek Orthodox Church*
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GREEK alonikit Cct, 11, 1924*
WPA (ILL,) m^L Sa2 ■:
ASSCCIATIGi: CF TliE GREEZ COLC-IUNITIi:? OF CHia^GO
Holy Trinity Church notice
p. 3. The members of the Association of the Greek Communities of Chicago, in accordance v/ith article k5 of the charter, are invited to the annual general meeting on Sunday, October 26, 192/|, at 3 p. m., in Holy Trinity Church, 1101 South Peoria Street,
The purposes of this general meeting are: (1) to submit the annual budget and financial report; (2) to hear the report of the auditing conimittee; and (3) to discuss several other subjects relevant to the progress and general welfare of the community.
Chicago, Ccto^-or 7f 1924
!% Kokkines, President
p. S* :ie hereby notify the members of the Creek community that those vmo wish to be candidates for election as members of the council or of the auditing com.- mittee in the election of next November must submit their applications in writing
GT-^ -n T~V TT-
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Saloniki, Cct. 11, I924. ViFr. (HU ^ '^^^- -''
between Cctober Ij and Cctober 3I to the present auditing coirjnittee at the offices of the Association, 1101 Touth Peoria Street, in accordance v/ith article 46 of the charter.
ni c
l^t I ^ Salonlki, S^pt. 13, 1924^
III E WKn (:lL.^ ^^:..,WJb
"^ADTUUN BREEZE''
p. 3^ Nea Gmml (Nev Generation) an association of young women, vlll give its third ftytTiin^i dance on Monday, September 22, in the magiificent and luxurious THanon dance hall*
The young ladies of Nea Genoa, lAio in past years have displayed such activity and seal for the success of their dances, will surprise us this year with their »ibrtttaB Breese,** an affair that will lire in the mwory of the community for a long time. Therefore, all to the Tkdaaon on that evening! For the proceeds will go to build a school on the Horth Side«
GBEEK
' in c
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Sfclonlkl. S»pt. 13. 1924. "^M (ILL) FRO
THE RIGHT REVEREND ARCHBISHOP CHRYSANTHOSf UBTROPQLITAN OF VERROEAi
CC»IES TO AllERICA*
p« l«»Beeau8« of tho dally Increaeiag discord in the Greek oooHunitiee of America over eceleeiaetieal questions the Patriarchate has decided to send here as its exarch the Metropolitan of Verroea, Archbishop Chrysanthos^ a wise and enorgetic cborchauif to study local conditions*
The ecunenical Patriarchate^ which observes with painful emotion the condition of our e^ony in its desire to form an unbiased opinion on existing problems and to find ways and means to restore to Greek communities their former order and concord, is dispatching its exarch to work with prudence, impartiality, and absolute Justice and so effect the return of the peace and the tranquillity which have been lacking in Greek communities since the untimely decree was issued degrading the Metropolitan of Haldea, Bishop Vasilioe.
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I in C '^ Z ^ GREEK
III H
Salonlkl. S«pt. 13, 1924«
The astoBishlng result of that decree has been that the former Metropolitan of Haldea, Instead of being shunned by the faithful , has been nade a hero and the leader of a well«»orgianised opposition, which is taking a strong hold on our conminities •
This is irtiat the Ri^^t ReT^erend Archbishop Chrysanthos has to smooth out«
Ill C GREEK
nD 4 Salonlkl , Aug. 2, 1924.
Ill H
I c THE (21EEK ORTHODOX DIOCESE OF CHICAGO.
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p. l-Ota Jxma 24, 1924, by an iinpre8«iT# ceremony in the Church of St* Constantine, the Right Reverend Bishop Philaretos, D.D., vas installed as Bishop of the Diocese of Chicago according to the charter of the Greek Archdiocese of North and South America*
Bishop Philaretos also has temporary jurisdiction over the Diocese of San Francisco, which he will govern until it installs its own bishop*
The Greek Archdiocese of New York and the Dioceses of Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco form the Greek Orthodox Church of North and South America under the sovereignty of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople*
This sovereignty was transferred to the Holy Synod of Greece by the decree of 1908. In 1922 the decree was revoked, and it was recognized and officially acknowledged by the Church of Greece that the Greeks in America and elsewhere are again under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patricurchate*
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Saloniki « Aug. 2, 1924.
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l&ider the jiirisdiction of Bishop Philaretos are fifty-two priests and fifty-three Greek cooonunities.
Bishop Philaretos has already shown that he has administrative ability combined with zeal and diligence.
He visits every week one or two of his communities, and he does everything in his power to inspire interest in religion and to elevate the moral tone of the faith** ful.
He is especially interested in the dhurch^s music, in the discipline of the clergy, and in the appearance of his churches*
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Saloniki . Aug. 2, 1924. /'5'^^
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In order to have closer conammication with his Diocese he has established an admirable system of correspondence and regularly sends out encyclical letters and instructions*
The offices of the Diocese are temporarily in the church of St. Constantino, where he has so organized his office steiff that it operates with great efficiency.
In the same office is the primary spiritual court for the discipline of the clergy and the regulation of marital relations and divorces.
The secondary court is the Synod, consisting of the Archbishop of New York and the bishops of the archdiocese.
The highest ecclesiastical tribunal is the Court of Appeals in Constantinople •
« 4 •« GREEK
Saloniki, Aug. 2 9 1924» /f< ^s
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Older the spiritual guidance of Bishop Philaretos is the Union of Greek Clergy-^ men 9 with over fifty members 9 which renders valuable service to the Greek laity of this district.
Ihe financial needs of the Diocese are supplied by the ecclesiastical treasury 9 which is supported by the fees collected by priests for marriages and baptisms^
The Diocese of Chicago and the Diocese of Boston have cooperated to support several students of the defunct Theological School of St. Athanasius in the continuation of their studies in the J^iscopal Seminary of Nashotah, Wisconsin » of which Bishop Philaretos received his degree of Doctor of Divinity*
The Bishop also cultivates friendly relations with the clergy of other denominations and does everything possible to elevate the standards of the Greek clergy in America*
• 9
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Saloaiki. Aug. 2, 1924.
Ohe of the Bishop's dreeuns is to establish a home for the Greek orphans of his
With Bishop Philaretos and his nov proved ability to guide them the Greeks of Chicago will undoubtedly endow and support the Diocese in return for the spiritual senrice which it renders.
Ill C CBEEK
Sa^a, July 19, 1*24. ^., ^,^^^ p,^,^ . ^^^
AN ANNOUMCEUENT BY THE G»EEK CONSULATE.
p« 3«Ve hereby notify all the Greek communities of our district of the contents of the following communication from the l^Lnister of Foreign Affairs of Greece to the Greek Minister at Washington, D. C«t
^The Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, convened as the highest ecclesiastical court 9 has degraded the Metropolitan of Haldea and assigned him agiain to the rank of layman***
L« Katies 9 Consul General of Greece in Chicago*
in C BRTCPy
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Saioaiki, July 19, 1924. ^.o, : y.,^^
ANNOUNGSUBNT B7 THE GREEK CONSUIATE.
p* 3<»thd Greek eoneulate of Chicago hereby notifies the Greek coimunities of its district that according to a communication received by the Greek minister at Washington^ D. C* from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of GreecOf the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece has recognixed the revocation of its late decree 9 and that hereafter all the Greek communities outside Greece will again be under the spiritual Jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate*
In coimunicating this order the consulate also announces that the Holy Synod by its order ^o. 1022 of Uay 19) 1924, by which it recognizes this revocationy also abolishes the office of exarch in this country and so leaves all the Greek communities here free to recognize the archdiocese and its bishops*
Therefore the only recognized ecclesiastical authority will be recognized as legal in Greece » and any of others will be null and void*
ChicagOt July 10^ 1924* L. Matles^ Consul General of Greece*
in C GRESC I A.2 a
Salonikl. July 19, 1924.
WPA 'ILL; PRO.!. JOr?^
IMTITATiaN FROU TRINI1Y CHURCH.
P* 3» ¥• iiiYlt« th* B»mbers of th« ABSoeiatlon of th« Cbreek ConnuBitiee of Oiieago to a gonoral moetizig according to articlo 41 of its constitution oa teulay, July 27, 1924, at this church, 1011 South Psoria strost.
Ths purposss of this moating arsi To eonsidor the budget for the next three Bonths; to consider the final plans for the new buildingsof the church and the school; and to discuss rarious other projects beneficial to the eonmuaity*
H. Kokkines, president, Chicago, July 10, 1924.
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III C Saloniki, July 5, 1924. ^^"^ ^'^■"'^ ^" '
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DEGfiAHiLTIOH OP IRCHBISHOP VASILIOS BT ORDER OP THE HOLY SYNOD
p.-l- Order of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate for the
degradation of Vasillos Korayopoulos, Arch'bishop of Methymnes and Metropolitan of Haldea.
To wit: They Holy Synod, Judging the accused in absentia finds him guilty as charged and announces: That by UBaaimo'us vote the Holy Synod finds tliat he is guilty of act against the cannons as charged and must therefore he punished of these violations; That the Synod hy a majority vote Imposes the penalty of degradation from the office of arch'bishop and from the rank of clergyman and restores him to the class of the laity; That the Synod orders the service of this decree on the degraded clergyman by the Greek Archdiocese of North and South America and through publication of the decree in one Oreek newspaper and one American newspaper in America; and That the Synod gives him the privilege to use legal means to defend himself before its tribunal.
Indited, anno\inced, and done on the same day, whereto witness: The Patriarch of Constantinople, Kyzikou Kallinikos, Nikaeas Vasilios, Halkidonos loakim, Derkon Constantionos, Pringetjoneson Agathagelos, Neokaesaraeas Hambrosios, Philippouooleos Veniamim, Philadelphias Potios, Varnes Nikodemos, Selyvarias Ihgenios, Phodopoleos Kyrillos, and ^eon Thomas.
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Saloniki, July 5, 1924.
The Patriarchate, May 17, 1924.
The Pirst Secretary of the Holy Synod, Diaconos Dorotheos Oeorgiades.
Ill C GREEK
III H
Saloniki, my 17, 1924*
METROPOLITAN OF HALDEA DEGRADED
P» 1 - The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople has sent the following tele- gram to the Greek Archbishop of America, by him transmitted to Bishop Philaretos of Chicago: •^Metropolitan of Haldea, formerly of l^hemnes, is demoted from rank of archbishop and lowered to the class of layman» Ecclesiastical decision follows by mail. Ecumenical Patriarch Gregorios."
It is well known that the Metropolitan of Haldea, Vasilios, who came to the United States about two years ago without the permission of the Patriarchate, was the cause of many scandals in various Greek communities. By his actions he lowered the dignity and the prestige of the Greek Orthodox Church. Ordered by the Patriarch to return, he disobeyed in a manner unbecoming to a clergyman.
Although he was ordered to desist from his official activities, he continued to perform the functions of an archbishop and ordained as priests various idle and illiterate drones.
For this reason his punishment by demotion was not only just but imperative.
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17
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, 19"4. :^csclu-lion ;Zopted b; the Ad: illustrative Coun-
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In n-orir^ cik. on notion of ::r. Cic^nnalio culco^the council unaninously decicec to conror:. to the telocraphic order of the hoi;- Cynod eoncorninc the depender rt. Constantino' 0 T.urch am: to announce this to the concreration.
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The chi^rch v;ill ali:a;'. cerninc reli::iOLic. natters.
I'ly nith the orders of the holy Synod of G-reece con
The telecrayhic coni'a:nico.tion of the holy 3:-:iod, "hieh as transnitted by the :.:inister of ?orcijn .'wf.airs, hr, Rous.os, tc the consulate, roads as folloi's:
"ho 1377. General ^onsulj.te of Greece, Chicago, April 7, 1Q24.
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GR^EK
Salonlki, Apr. 26. 1924* .»,r,. .pi^r.nr., ,.. .
CHICAGO GREilK COM:;iUKITy
Announcement of Holy Trinity Church
P»3— We invite all the members of the Greek community to the regular general meeting and at the same time to a special general meeting for the Socrates Greek School on Sunday, March 4, 1924t at 3 p. M. in Holy Trinity Church, 1101 South Feoria Street#
The purposes of the general meeting of the Greek community will be;
(1) the submission of accoun-^s for the last six months;
(2) the discussion of various projects designed for the progress of the com- munity; and
(3) the submission of plans for the erection of a new church and a new school on the community's property.
The purpose of the special general meeting for the school vdll be to discruss the insufficient facilities of the buildings of the Greek school.
Chicago, April 18, I924. The President of the Greek Community of Chicago, N. Kokkines. The President of Socrates Greek School, Svangelos Tsioles.
p
Saloalki. April 12, 1924, p. 2
aBEEK
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iii h regreta3ls incidsot in st. c0nsta13tine church provoked by ^ publish^^:r op greek daily.
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OUR DUTIi^^^JL ANSWER.
In the Daily^e issues of March 26, 27, 28 and 29, the publisher, Mr, Sp. Kotakis, published a lot of myths and vagaries regarding the unpleassuit incident in the church of St. Constantino where our National Holiday was celebrated. Undoubtedly Mr. Kotakis does not as yet realize that he was the cause and perpetrator of the \inpleasant occurrence.
The official program, of the celebration of the Anniversary of Oreek Independence, was published and of which the Consul General was informed to attend.
In the program it was fixed that the religious speech would be delivered by the Right Rev. Philaretos, and the panegyric speech by Mr. Michael Galanos.
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Salonlkl,^ April 12, 1924. aHESK
As us^oally is the case, the Consul General is supposed to deliver a speech, which he did. Also in the pro-am was announced that the pupils of Koraes school will participate and sing in the doxology and national hymn^
The program was approved and confirmed by the executive coimcil of the church. It waJ5 formulated, with the consent of the Bishop, by Dr. K. Theodorou, chairman of the council, who suggested that Mr. Gralanos^ while in Chicago, be invited to deliver the panegyric speech. The Bishop agreed to the suggestion.
On such important holidays it is a known and accepted fact, that the program of the celebration must function precisely as it is fixed. But Mr. Kotakis, who appeared at the church during the last moment, declared that he wanted to speak.
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GREEK
Salonikl. April 12, 1924.
2 m. " i
The president of the church informed Mr. Kotakis that it woiild be impossible, owing to the fact that he was not on the program, and that he (the president) did not wish to abuse the patience of the people by adding one more orator on the already crowded list of three. Mr. Kotakis insisted that he wanted to deliver a speech announcing the declaration of Democracy in Greece. The president endeavored to avoid a commotion advising Mr. Kotakis that such an action would indicate that he^ Mr. Kotakis, is very much enthused and interested in the event in Greece, and that the Consul General was not. He further advised the militant, Mr. Kotakis^ that the people already heard the news of the events through newspapers and other public announcements, auad that the Consul General would announce the event when he would be officially notified* '
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Salonikl. April 12, 1924. OEtSBK '^^' %*/
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Unfortunately, Mr* Kotakis^ the veteran of many speeches who knows all the niles and regulations governing such events, became boisterous and when the audience began to murmur its disapproval, the Bishop, for the sake of peace discipline and dignity of the chiirch, beseeched Ur. Kotakis to change his mind«
The publisher categorically refused to retreat from his purpose, and then the president of the church informed him, in stern Greek, that under no consideration he would permit Kr* Kotakis to speak, because the order and discipline of the church was in the hands of the executive council vrho would not tolerate any disturbance •
Mr. Kotakis remained \inmoved in his determination to create a scandal, and when Mr# Galanos was taking his place to deliver the panegyric Ur. Kotakis, disregarding order and decency, joimped upon a pew and began to speak*
Saloniki, AiDril 12, 1924.
ro the dismay of the auaience, the president and ihe council, their faces red from indignation, again implored him to slop, but Mr. Kotakis ignored them ana continued to speak, untiil some people in the audience near him lost their patience and compellea him to cease talking.
This is the naked truth ana all the audience witnessed it. In regards to Bishop Philaretos, who enaeavored to frustrate disorder, no one present will say otherv/ise save Mr. Kotakis. ihe stories piiDlisned in the Daily a^i'ainst the Right Rev. Philaretos, holding him responsible for the incident, are not true but are purely vagaries.
The rest of the stories of the incident are not worthy of an answer.
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GREEK
Saloniki, Aoril 12, 1924.
Mr. KotaJ<is for some reason does not consult his reason when he pul)lishes accusations, and it appears that he does not read his newspaper either. A fev/ months ago, not only did he publish many articles praising the character and "che hierarchical guidance of the Dishop, but he also delivered a surprisingly fiery speech at the La Salle Hotel, in behalf of the nev.'ly created bishop.
V/e wish tc believe that Mr. Kotal:is was in a state of psychical turmoil when he dictated those articles of vituperation which some opportunity- see/in^ sharks of scandal, utilized for their own interest and gain.
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Saloniki^ April 12, 1924*
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We wish further to believe that in the immediate future Mr. Kotakis will recognize his error and wish then that he had not published those myths and vagaries*
The Executive Council K. Theodorou, President E. Kotsonis, Secretary.
GRSEK
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III H Salonlkl, March 15, 1924, p. 1
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GREEK ORTHODOX DIOCESE OP CHICAGO*
Piou8 Clergy, Honorable Presidents of the churches and all the Greek Orthodox people of the Dioceses of Chicago and Sam Francisco.
With joy I inform you of the mandate by the Ecumenical patriarchate regarding the change of the calendar* A telegram was sent to the Chicago Episcopate, hy His Holiness The Patriarch stating it was decided that "beginning March 23rd the old calendar will be adjusted to the new one, and that specific details will follow in am encyclical.
Simiiltaniously the Greek Legation in the United States was commanded by the Secretary of State (minister of foreign affairs) to inform me that The Church of Greece is abiding by and complying with the decision of the Ecumenical Throne, and consequently our National Holy Day of March 25th will be celebrated according to the new calendeu:.
ChristmaB and all other holidays of fixed dates that is like St. Basil, Epiphany» John the Baptist, the Three Hierarchs, St. George, St. DemetriuSf Koimisis tis Theotokou, St. Nicholas, and other similar holidays will be held in accordance with the new calendar.
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Saloniki. March 15, 1924.
Exceptions, will be made in holidays of tmfixed dates as Easter and others depending upon Easter's date as Penticoste, Ascention, etc. which will he celebrated according to the old calend-r.
We are certain that the mandate of The Eciimenical Throne will delightfully
be greeted by the G-reek people in America, who were very anxious for such exchange
The Grace and Mercy of God in trinity be with us all.
Chicago's Philaretos.
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Chicago Greek Dally, Oct. 13, 1923.
/U. GALANOS TO SPEAK AT ST* CONSTANTINE'jjr
The executive Coiansel of St. Constantine's Church, announces to the parishioners, as well as to all fellow Greeks, that the distinguished theo- logian and church orator, I>ar. M. Galanos, has arrived in Chicago ajid will speak: next Sunday at St. Constantine's Church. The Executive Counsel invites all to he present.
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Chicago Greek Dally, Oct. 13, 1923.
/candidates for church and school COUNCn^
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Notice is hereny given to the South Side Commimity members, that, as per article k^ of our constitution, the ones willing to put up a candidacy for counselman of the church or school, should do so by submitting a petition dur- ing the period 15th to 31st of October. Petitions ought to be submitted in writing by every one desiring to do so, or, by three members of the Community in behalf of a fourth one.
ex-Counsel.
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Saloniki , Oct. 6, 1923.
TEiE iiSTONISHING dUCCESS OF THE GRIiSK YOUl^G ViOIvlEtl'S CLUB, '"IHS ITE'il GEI^JERATION"
/unusement lovers had an unforgettably good time, August 24, 1923, in the
magnificent Trianon Ballroom, The very progressive association, "The Nev; ^
Generation," which is composed of Greek girls exclusively, from the South ^
Side of Chicago, held an affair there. ^
More than fifteen hundred couples danced on the floor of that beautiful -5
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ballroom, vfcile an equal number sat in the comfortable chairs of the Trianon, ^— vjatching the dancers. o
en
The assiduous concern of the members of the association, prior to and during the dance, the attractive ballroom of the Trianon, and the wholehearted moral and material support of our ^^^llowj^ countrymen contributed to the wonderful success of the dance, and made possible the complete enjoyment of those who attended.
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Saloniki , Au-^* 11, 1925,
TIIS A:.30CI:TI0N 07 .FlE GREEK OOi-lTOIITY 0? O'lICAGO'S PICJMIG FOR TIE BEITEFIT OF HOLY TRIMTY OliURCH, 3U1TDAY, S:i:?TK"3ER £, 1923, AT FOREST PARIC
A great crov/d of families and individuals is expected to be present at this affair. There v/ill be an abundance of food and drink for all.
Transportation is very convenient. Take the Garfield Park branch' of the Metropolitan Elevated straight to Forest Park. No one should be absent.
This picnic must be, as it alv/ays has been, a .<reat success.
Tickets are for sale for ^1 each at all Greek centers.
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Evening Post, July 21, 1923.
CONSECRATE NEV; BISHOP AT OPJEK ORTHODOX RITES
RIGHT REV- PHILARETOS JOANILES CROMED WIi'H MEi'RE
With one of the most colorfvuL ceremonies ever witnessed in Chicago - a ceremony lasting more than three hours and replete with old-world touches Rt. Rev. Philareoos Joanides was consecrated as a bishop today at the St- Constant ine Hellenic Orthodox Church, at Michigan Avenue and 61st street.
The new prelate, who comes from the Seminary of St. Athanasius, in
New York, will have as his :::iee nine states in the middle west, including
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Ohio, Iowa and Minnesota.
As the ceremony, according to the Greek church rites, cannot take place without the presence of at least two archbishops - the usual niunber rang- ing from four to five - Archbishop Alexander of New York and the Metro- politan Theateiron of London were on hand to crown the new Dishop with the mitre. 'I'hey were assisted by many Cappadocian bishops ana priests, both of the Greek and the Episcopal churches.
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Evening Post, July 21, 1923.
The church was redolent with the heavy odor of incense and the perfiune of flowers^ The little shrines, the effigies of the saints - to which children were lifted up to kiss - were wreathed in flowers, while the pillars were entwined with greens, and the altar was gayly decorated with Greek and American flags and crimson peonies.
Hundreds of canales were lighted by the parishioners who stood with bowed heads throughout the ceremony. Flower girls added to the festivity of the occasion by pinning blossoms to the coat lapels of the communicants and distributing peonies among the women.
The processional was a pageant of Byzantine glamor, the vestment being embroidered with silk and gold -
A Greek cross blazed over the altar as the attending chaplains crossed their candles in token of a blessing*
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Evening Post, July 31, 1923.
The new bishop had prepared for the occasion, both by fasting and by a preliminary ceremony held the day before. He appeared first garbed in black. This vestment was removed and one of purple substituted. Finally, at the coronation, he was barged in white and gold.
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Salonikl . July 21, 1923.
AN INVITATION BY THE ASbOCIATIOK OF THE GIffiEK COiaiUNITl^.p^ -[< i ^ p-.^ .
CF CHICAGO ' ' ■■ '
All members of the Association of the Greek Coiimunity of Chicago are in- vited to a regular meeting, in accordance with article 41 of their constitution, on Sunday, July 29, 1923, at 3 p. m. in Holy Trinity Church*
The objects of the meeting will be:
(a) To take measures to secure an accounting of the Cornraunity's finances once in every three months •
(b) To pass a resolution denouncing the chairman of the Comnonity's board of elections for defaming the executive committee and the Community; and
(c) To consider other problems relating to L^he progress of the Community •
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Saloniki, July 21, 1923.
July 12, 1923, Chicago, Illinois. N. Kokkines, president.
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Cn la^t Tjur-'^.ay, 7ii2ie *^1, 19'>', as proviou::!:' anr;'::i:':c':d, t':e ^I'^ver^nd Philaretos loa^'i-'s;^ rs ccnsecratod - M/^jic:"^ '';f t:ie ^reel: Cr'uhodox Cjinrcli. Tlie cere:.i~"y :;a. perfor::;od i:: t:ie :iac::niricent C-iurcli of .-t* C ens -Ccr. tine on the oouth dide anc lat-^ci fro... 10 .•:'. t-^- 1 1 •''. ""t, Oorstantiiie's i:: the church in "hich the tT;o .^ichops . l'?::o"^^^ulo3 and lea ridoc v:3re no.ii'^at^d b'" the diocesan a^G'^.^bl^^, an:- it -.ad "^^n r^ro'oerlv decorated "dth i*lov;ers and fla;73, thanhs to the distin •uiob.:^^, nrodi*o.3 'ive, and active e::-cutive CO Liittee, *.;hich reco-^nized the reouir-';. onts i:.i;>o:'.n rrj so 3i::nificant an afd'vir as the consecration cT a dishon.
The cere::icny of consecration as perf or. icd by .-^chbisiiop .dLsxandros of I'orth anr Jcuth .ir.i^rica and ."n.-'C'iV'isdo'D fheat-ron, ' etro .olitai: and Le-^^ate of hortii and Central .Jurone. Tae hevove"d 7at])^-r :;}er:Vn:os and various other cleryyaen, archinandrites and priest.-, assisted. ^ "Ipiscopal bishops
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in the vest.-.entr^ of their of:"ice arc cler-n.ion of cth^r deno:i-^. nations v;ere also in attendance •
The church vas crowded --^th ::;poctatorr:, a ^^^n^ then riany iiri-^rican:: c"" social on liteL*an'" di ^tinctic:' .
onsnl ^encral of Greece in Cjii
hh*, hatles, :':a3 al;^o pr^^'^ent, and soveral reporters reT^re;-- ^:nter^ the Chicago press.
In the center of the church a larpe platior::i ''ad X^ey-r. erected, on -'hich stood the prelate^' and the archinandrites; their d;acono and the other cler37;:en forn-'d a douole line fro::i the niatfor,:i t the ^-^trance of t-o church, -\rch- bi.dion^:, archinandriter, priests, and deacons, v/ore na^^nificent vestnents, and their i.n'^o :in^ ann^'arrinco armsod th>^ astoni -h:ient anc the ad;-:iration of the .^ncrican.^ nr sent. The nav'snaoen re^^orters described the cero'iony in colorful terms.
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The cere:'.i-'nv of tlie co.isocration of a bis':Op i
truly :.ia:^:iif leant , ^in" nev; ::i3ho::) .-^f Chica-'o, t^e riir:ht r^evo'-oiid ?-.]larot: s loarnines, io ;nby-iorill7, nonti^lly, 'inc. lorall^^ - -o:'"thy to ' -^ intrusted ith the iiany -reat re^^-onr^ibil- ities of this eccleni-ntical o'/ice. The ad rez^ -rhich hs o :^li 'or. :": b-fore prelates, priojt:-, and eon,::re -ation eonfir^ied t]\e -co.' judgnent of the elec'ors 7^10 noninated '^in, of the bciria-ieal } atriarebate vhich s?d::eted bin, and of the nsnber: of the flock -lio ardently bopod for bis a;riointnent.
.vfter the consecration bishop bhl^areto:^: took tlie sheph-rd's crook froii the hands of .jrchbishon _.le:-andor and -.talked to the e •isca-ial throne.
..fter this :x. Constantino baleolopcs, on behalf of his countr:n;ien v:h:- v/ere in attendance anc also o^ those sho on account of renoteress or business en- -^a/'ei^ents •::ore unable to attend, addressed the bishop and pro;uised hin their love and devotion, affir:nns; that thep vjould all be faithful a-d read:^ to uake sacrifices for the principles of Crthodo:'n,r and the interests and necessities of our nation. This speecli .;as viciorously apulauded. The ne:;ly-consecrated
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G-reel: Orthodox Bishoj of Chicar;o ansv;3red Tj?* raleolo^o.-: in MocTost but -^ip.nly ter].'[8, a:- is proper for a prel-ite.
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DINNER IN HONOR OF THE NL^/LY CONSECKATED GREEK CEmODOX
BISHOP OF CHICAGO.
In the evening after his consecration a dinner was served in honor of Bishop Philaretos in the Red Room of the aristocratic La Salle Hotel. More than two hundred prominent businessmen and professional men of our colony were present. The dinner would have been more successful if there had been more time to notify our countrymen, for unfortunately, actuated by the RomEin idea of taking it for granted that everything was being attended to with speed and without need of system, the executive committee of the Church, with all the individual enterprise which its members possess, seemed to be unable to make the necessary preparations: within the two days available.
Yet in spite of the heat wave and the hasty preparations the dinner was not a failure. All the tables were occupied and decorated with flowersi
Saloniki, June 30, 1923. -.a ^^'
• 2 - GREEK
Saloniki, June 30, 1923.
Ihe food was excellent and abundant, axid everybody v/as cheerful and happy. Besides our countrymen various foreign clergymen and many eminent society people were present, Lr. Constant ine Paleologos presided. The Reverend K. Hatzidemetrios offered prayer, and Archbishop Alexander pronounced the benediction.
The menu was richly varied. Instead of wine plenty of cold water was pro- vided to refresh the guests on this excessively warm evening.
After t^e dinner the president and toastmaster, iv.r. Paleologos, spoke in
English with numerous historical and sociological references, and after this
he introduced successively Archbishop Alexander, archbishop Theatyron (the
Greek Orthodox Lietropolitan of Central and r^estern Europe), Dr. I^eodore,
Dr. SalopouloB, Mr. Kotakes, and finally the eminent orator of the evening, Bishop
Philaretos.
• 3 • GRESK ^
Saloniki, June 30, 1923.
Uiey all spoke well, and the guests were very much pleased with their addresses After this the children of xhe Reverend Father Xatzidemetrios displayed their musical talent on tHe piano and the violin, arousing the enthusiasm of x^he audience by their playing, fhe guests dispersed about midnight very agreeably impressed.
A photograph of the banquet was taken by Kauffman and Company •
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Cn last Tluirsday the first '"^ree:: Zisho"^ of y.iiciico '..as consecrated in the Church of ^^t, 3onstar.tine. Tlie C';re':.ony, v;hich I'-stec. three hours, v:as pcrfoi^rriec '..ith the :oroT)er iia.'-niiicence^
The ccnsecrc.tion v.t<s scle:;L^\ized by Archbish.op Alexoder of the Diocese of "orth and Gouth /•j.^.orica and by Archbishop Tlioatyron, !:etropolitan of h'est rind Central Europe, v'ho ca:..e fro:: London on purpose for the cerer.iony, in vrhich nany bishops of the Episcopal Church and :iany Grceh cler^i^..ien also participated.
The cere :on^" v/as conducted v;ith Byzantine s"olendor - ver.tinents rich in r'old bro- cade, r.ias._es of flov:ers, and oriental incense.
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nore detailed descri^-tion of this ei'ent and of the ban^niet vhich follovred ;;ill
be published in our ne::t ec. ition.
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CHICA(X) GRSEK DAILY. June l6, I923
Ordaining a Crreek Bishop in Chicago.
Thirty three years ago, to he exact, the Greek Parish in Chicago initiated its first commimal organization and asked the Holy Synod of Greece to send a priest. Up to 1890 the Greeks of Chicago were calling TOon the i^ussian priest of San Francisco for their religious exigencies, from a distance of 2,000 miles] At last, Chicago acquired its own Greek church and its first priest, Father Fiampolis, was appointed.
Thereafter, the Greek churches in America multiplied and their numher at pre- sent is about one hundred and seventy. As a direct consequence of this multi- plication of churches, we have acquired the mission of a Bishop, and have or- ganized a self-governed church, not ajiy longer with one hut with four hishops. The Greeks of Chica-go, now after thirty years, have their own hishop and Chi- cago has hecome the seat of a Greek Diocese. This certainly is progress.
Next Thursday, our community will witness a grand ceremony, during which the endorsed "bishop of Chicago, Philaretos Joanides, will he ordained. It, of course, is not ?^ insignificant event for the community of Chicago to attain
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CHICA&OGRESK DAILY, June l6, 1923
the dignified elevation of a Diocese and to have its own Bishop.
For the devout public such an event is a confirmation of great progress. Even for the non-religious the progress of every organization is a step for- ward, "because many Questions that have provoked considerable confusion, and caused much dissension will he straightened out, from now on, in a simple and quick way hy the responsible authority.
Our community had, up to now, dissensions ahout trifles which were "being ex- aggerated and remained unsolved.
The progress is indisputable, even for those who systematically attack the priests, and who now have to deal with the bishop, f^nd who will beaT, in plr/ce of the paralyzed title of priest-o -phages, the one of Bishop-o-phagos, (I) if they have strong enough teeth.
The ceremony will take place in the church St. Constantine and two Bishops, the Most Hev. Alexandrou of Anerica, and Mr. G-ermanou, Bishop of St. Thyateron, is arriving today, from London, will officiate.
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ChlCAOO GR^EK i^AILY, June l6, 19^3
The Committee of the church St. Constantine finds itself in motion and emotion for the event that will tpice piece in their church, which, by this means, will acquire the title of Metropolitan Church (Cathedral) of Chica^^o. The Committee is also r)repaxing itself to give a dinner in honor of the new -Bishop, at the Hotel La Salle, that evening, at which will he present the most prominent mem- hers of the community.
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Saloniki, June 16, 1923. ,. - .. .;
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TO 'ZiJ aRJIi3 Oj G:iIC..(>C ^ID VICINITY
It is with pleasure thc^t v;e notify our countrymen of Chicago and vicinity, that Thurs'iay June '31, 1923 at 10:00 a. n, shall take place the ordaininc of the elected bishop of Ghicino, Archimandrites philaretos loannides, v/ho hapoens also to be, the Dean of the llev/ York Theological ^eni .ary, ^".aint Ath:;nasios,
The ordainin^ v;ill take pl?.ce in the Sacred Churoh of Saint Oo.ifrtantine and Helen by the Venerable rU'chbishop of ITorth and South America. Alex-inder and tlie Venerjible L'otropolitan Thiatiron, Lefrate of '7est and Central Jurope, Gernanos, *v;ho hir> corae here from London on this occasion by a special order from the iLCiraonical Patriarch Leletios the fourth, and from the Saint and Sacred Synod.
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Saloniki, June 16, 1925.
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•.7e invite all our pious and upri{/hteous countrynen of the city of Chicap:© and its vicinity to bo present at the above r.iontionsd date and place, to participate in this iiroortant rite, the ordaining; oi the first Gruek bishop of Ohicafo, at ■.•hich i.'.any officials fron our ov/n nationality, as v/ell as fron others shall be present. All the necessary measures h'.ve been tahen care of so tlie cereniony as a v;hole is carried out according to order, in '.jugnificence and inposition, so that it may live to be unforgettable in the chronics of Hellenisn in America.
Signed: The jlxocutive 'Jomr.'iitteo of Saint Gonstantine.
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Saloniki, Key 26, 1923. :.;r; n]i
THE GREEK ARCHDIOCESE OP NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA
P. 2. - To the devoted clergymen, the honorable chiirch committees, and all pious Christiens who are members of the Greek Orthodox colonies of North and South America, greetings!
In last August, 1922, the second general convention of our Archdiocese, after meeting in New York, adopted a ner constitution, which it sent to the Ecumeni- cal Patriarchate for ratification. This constitution was accepted and con- firmed without the least change. After this the Ectimenical Patriarch and the Holy Synod notified \is in tele^-rams and in letters that for very serious reasons we must fulfill without delay the requirements of articles 4, 16, and 17, which provide for the election of at least two bishops, one for the Dio- cese of Chicago and the other for the Diocese of Boston.
Complying with this advice of the Holy Synod and convinced that the reasons which dictated it were serious and imperative, we proceeded to convoke the local assemblies of the Dioceses of Chicago and Boston, inviting in accordance
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Saloniki, May 26, 1923,
with article 12 of our constitution all the canonical clergymen of both these Dioceses, their church coandttees, and also lay representatives elected by the churches, one from each church.
The local eccli9siastic£d assembly of the Diocese of Chicago convened accord- ing to article 16 of their constitution in the Church of St. Constantine, April 18, 1923*
This meeting was attended by thirty-one canonical clergymen and twenty-one lay representatives. After the preliminaries requisite for the nomination of epis- copal candidates the convention, in accordance with the constitution, was di- rected to nominate candidates from the catalog of the qualified clergymen of the Archdiocese, whose names had been published in a circular.
The resiilt of the secret ballot was as follows. Archimandrite Alexopoulos loakim received thirty-one votes; Archimandrite loannides Philaretos also re- ceived thirty-one votes; and Archimandrite Mitatakis Simeon received twenty- two votesi These names, in accordance with article 16 of our constitution, ^^ forwarded to the Ecumenical Patriarchate, that the Patriarchate mi^t select
- 3 - GBEEK
Saloniki, May 26, 1923. •vpA 1U.^ ^'■''> "^'^-^^
one candidate to be Bishop of the Diocese of Chicago. We wish to remind those who are interested that when our Archdiocese here acquires its own Synod, the privilege of electing these bishops will belong to it, since article 17 of the constitution so provides*
Following the sajne proceduret the local ecclesiastical assembly of the Diocese of Boston convened on April 25, 1923, in the Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Uary. This assembly was attended by eighteen canonical clergymen and by twelve lay representatives, a total of thirty. The result of their secret ballot was that Archimandrite Alexopoulos loakim received thirty votes, loan- nides Philaretos received twenty-nine votes, and Argyrides Christophoros re- ceived twenty-nine votes, and Argyrides Christophoros received fourteen votes. The report of this election also was sent to the Ecumenical Patriarchate*
The Ectimenical Patriarch was pleased to notify us in an official telegram that the Holy Synod of Constantinople by a canonical ballot had elected as Bishop of Chica^t) Archimandrite loannides Philaretos and as Bishop of Boston Archi- mandrite Alexopoiilos loakim. They will be consecrated bishops within a short time*
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Salonlki , May 26, 1923- ^''''' - '
In making this report to all canonical clergymen, to the canonical church conunitteee, and to all pious Christians who are under the Jurisdiction of the Grreek Archdiocese of North and South America we hope that the election of bishops and the coming establishment of our own Holy Synod will be hailed as the beginning of a new and favorable period for our ecclesiastical tasks.
The truth is that some opposition has been expressed to these plans* We have not inquired into the soturce of these contrary opinions, but we consider them unfortunate and in error. In convoking the local assembly for the nom- ination of candidates for the office of bishop we did not proceed on our own initiative but in compliance with repeated suggestions made by the Ecumeni-* cal Patriarchate, which has serious reasons for requiring this action, among them its wish to insure the independence of the Oreek Chtirch in America and to set it beyond the intervention or the claims of any outside center of authority. We derive no personal benefit in hastening the election of bishops* Heretofore we have governed the whole Archdiocese. By the instcdlation of bishops the extent of our Jurisdiction is decreased, but we have taken into consideration the common interest.
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Saloniki, May 36. 1923<
#; . . ./ •
It has been said that the installation of bishops ^ us is a gestxire of mag- nificence* This conception of onr procedure is not in accord with the facts. The proper government of the Church on a large scale is iinpossible without the assistance of more bishops. The ancient Ch\irch had bishops in every important city. In Oreece before the Balkan Wars, although the population was only five times as large as the present Oreek population of America, there were thirty- two bishops* In the United States the Episcopalians have 123 bishops, not for magnificence but for the better government of their Chtirch. The bishop who works within a limited district watches his flock more closely and imposes better ecclesistical discipline, since he has closer contact with the Christians \inder his Jurisdiction. The Church is the most potent peace-making force when the bishops attend to their duties. We can assiire everybody that we as well as the new bishops will try o\ir best to make peace among the members of the Greek colonies of America so that they may unite as Orthodox Christians and lay aside their political animosities*
We must add that by failing to elect bishops for our Greek Church in America we should render its new constitution of none effect, and it is this constitu- tion which has made our Church here independent and self-governing. Without
- 6 - GHEEK
Saloniki, May 26, 1923
WPA ^^[
the conetltutlon it would have been much easier for outsiders to intrude in the settlement of our ecclesiastical problems, and schisms and controversies would still be nourished. But by the election of bishops and the establish- ment of an independent Holy Synod o\xr ecclesiastical self-sufficiency is insuredi and all outside interference and the excitation of discord are ended; our Arch- diocese by its Imposing status as a Synod acquires more authority and will be able to impress the public consciousness and to effect lasting \mity among our compatriots. To-day the jurisdiction of our Archdiocese is recognized by 130 communities, end there is no doubt that with the co-operation of the bishops the remaining communities will become attached to it. There is also no doubt that through this co-operation and the ethical influence of the Holy Synod the Christians of our Archdiocese will be properly educated to show themselves prompter in the initiation of various philanthropic enterprises and more faith- ful in the perpetuation thereof, enterprises which are necessary to madntain living piety and to provide national and mutual benefits for the Greeks in Ameri ca«
It is our duty to inform you of these matters, and we request that you will
- 7 • GHSEK
Saloniki, May 26, 1923. un^ /U^=^K
pray to Ood fox: our successful accomplishment of this mission, the greatest which our position as head of the Archdiocese has offered to us in the re- ligious and social fields.
May the grace of God and of our Lord Jesus Christ bring peace to us all.
May 8. 1923. New York, New York.
Alexander, by the mercy of Christ, Archbishop of North and South America.
III^C GR ;ek
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Saloniki, ilay 19, 1923*
wpA (iiij m.' -r/?^:
.l^:^:ou:!Ci^LI3:!^ iy :h'^ ccmsulat.:]: ct grjiscs in
.;A3HL:GroN, j. c.
p. 3*. The Grv38k department oi "orsigri affairs hc-s iiifor.ned the Greek consulate in ..ashin^ton, of the cablesram s ent by the Holy Synod of Greece, to 'jernanos Trojanos, the synodicul legate in 'u-ierica, which reads :'.s follo\7s:
•*3y reason of the tsrrnination of the 5ynodical l.ission you are recalled,"
In a second cablegrajn oc the consuiaoe the secretary of foreign affairs notifies the legate thr.t there is no reason v/hy he should await any other i:iessa'-:e from the Holy Synod, The Greek Church in .Imerica v/ill hereafter be dependent on the ecumenical Patriarcluite, since the degree lately in force has been repealed^
\.'ashinr^ton, J, 0, ilovember 21, 1922 •
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Saloniki, Lay 19, 192 3» yyp^ ^|> • ^ ^]-''' '' ;7i;v
THG3J .110 3Paj w :h: ..o::oei T'-Lvr :ii: puc^lj^i.: of thj gr-;:jk
ORTHOXX CHURCH HA^ HOT Yjr B.'IJH SOLV-iD JO NOT SPiCiiK iHj]
TRUTH.
p. 3., Ai-iong "che Jreek co icinun it ies of Dhe United -states a Tew servants of the oinistar dynasty of the Glyxvourges, who in the past have worked for the destruction of the homeland, have now turned against Greek Orthodoxy, distort- ing the facts and perverting the truth.
By sprsadin^^ rumorc; that the ecclesiastical problem has not yet been solved, they are atternptin-^- to cr^'oso coiifusion. Today \;e are publishing tv/o officia,! docu- ments which prove thr.t zhe decree formerly. in force has been repe:.ted, ^md the Greek Orthodox Church of .i::.erica is now gov-'.-rned by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constant inople»
in C ORSBK
III H 1 aalonlki. Iby 19, 1923. WPA :;.:.
A IflESSiiaB FROU THE STNODICAL UEOATS, UBTROPOLITE GBSIUNOS OF MONEaiVASIA AND LACEDSIDN, TO THE GREEK ORTHODOX GLEROT OF AlERICA AND CANADA AND TO THEIR HONORABLE GHIRCH C(»afITI!SES«
p* Zm. ¥• htraby notify ;foa that by a eoimmmioatlon reeelTad today we are recalled Iqr the Holy Synod^ axid that the SynodiecQ. exarchate no longer exists*
We believe that it is our duty to thank all idio haye cooperated with us in our heavy task, and we pray that the Lord will protect^ support ^ and reward us for wtetewer good work we aay have done* We remain yours with cordial blessingSf Gemanosi Uetropolite of Moneimrasia and Lacedemon*
Ill c
III H
IV Salonlkl. l!ay 5, 1923.
GHEEK
ABCHIMAKDRITE lOAKNIDES ^BASILSOS PHILAEETOs/ ELECTED BEHOP OF THE GREEK ORTHODOX DIOCESE OT CHICAGO BY THE ECUMENICAL PATRIABCHATE
The Ecumenical Patriaixjli of Constantinople has telegraphed to the Archdiocese that the Holy Synod on last Tuesday elected Archimandrite loannides ^asileos Philaretos7 Bishop of Chicago, and Archimandrate Alexopoulos Bishop of Boston*
Ill c III H IV
GREEK
Saloniki, Apr. 28. 1923. \uh{r^.^. ..,>,?
NOMINATION OF CANDIDATES FOR THE OFFICE OF BISHOP OF THE GREEK ORTHODOX
DIOCESE OF CHICAGO
By order of the f'artiarchate of Constantinople the Archbishop of North and South America as representative and head of the independently governed Ortho- dox Church of North and South America fixed a date for the nomination of can- didates for the office of Bishop of the newly established Diocese of Chicago^
The nomination of candidates for office took place in the imposing South Side Church* St# Constantino's*
The progressive and gracious committee had not only decorated the church beaurt fully but had also prepared a supper which was served in the basement rooms in honor of the Archbishop, the clergy and the lay delegates* The meeting began at 6 p» m. under the presidency of Archibishop Alexander, with the Archdeacon as secretary*
Ill 0 III H
-2-
GREEK
Saloniki, Apr. 28, 1923«
At this meeting the following clergymen attended as nominators:
The Reverend Fathers, C. Hadzidemetriou, Chicago; D. Vainikos, Chicago; Germanos Papaioannest Dayton; Uarkos Petrakis ana ChrysosotooMS Trahftdla^ .iockford; D. A% Ermogenes, Chelsea; Perontis Paesiost New Orleans; Far. rapotheophrastis, Youngs- town; Simeon Uitatakis, Indianapolis; V. Pantazopoulos, iiason City; Meletios Kronides, '^/arren; Joannes Zographos, Cleveland; George Doyekos, Lorain; Ars« SaltaSf llinneapolis ; BBmanual Papastetwioaf Tol#do| Kyrillos Papa^regorios, Port V/orth; Parthenios Kolones, I^rtin's Ferry; Emmanuel Kafkakes, Detroit; Th. Lekkas, Dallas; G« Petrides, Detroit; lacovos Kaloudes, Canton; A. Papademe trios, Memphis; Arsenios Prakas, Racinej ?r. Panatzines, Akron; Al. Papastefanos, Fond du Lac; Kyrillos Georgiades, Columbus f Methodios Pousianes, Gary; Veniamin Kollias, Milviraukee; Constantine Harvales, Sioux City; loannes Panos, lioline; and Merkoures Papamerkourest Oklahoma*
Ill c -3- GREEK
III H
''■r'^\ dLu ^'"- •''''2?^
Saloniki, Apr. 28, 1923*
The lay delegates were: Messrs • Constantine ^aleologos» Cleveland; Paul Demos* Rockford^ 2# Theodores, Chicago; !• Goulakos, Detroit; C* Petros, Toledo; Emnianuel G. Soterakis, Pond du Lac; P. Kapareliotes, Ivkson; George Halepas* Warren; Alexander Eliopoulos, Gary; Vasilios P. Zampides, Racine; G. Stefanopou- los, Milwaukee; Stavros Stefanides, New Orleans; D. Loues, Akron; D# Stamost Dallas; G. Tselemengos. Youngstownj D. Zacharias, Indianapolis; E. D. PriraaSf Columbus, A. K* Yakalos, Dayton; A# Kallopoulos, Minneapolisi K# Koures, Sioux City; and G* Bouras, Moline*
The meeting began with a brief devotional service, which was followed by the election of a secretary, the reading of the telegraphic order of the Patriarchate and of the archiepiscopal circulart the roll •call of the nominators, the announce^ ment of the qualifications of the candidates and the election of an advisory com- mittee consisting of two clergymen and two laymen to supervise the election^
Ill C -4- GREEK
III H
Salonlki. Apr* 28. 1923. W''^ ^'^1,) PR'^! 3-j2/&
After a brief discussion, the voting took place under the direction of Mr» Paleologos and Mr* Preernant after which the votei ware counted* Mr* Pale- ologos announced the results^ The secretary ejid the advisory committee then checked the count and marked it dowi carefully so that no mistake would be made» The result was that the largest votes were cast for Archimandrites Alexopoulos, 31 votes ♦ loannides. 31 votes and Mitatakis 25 votes* The proper documents were drawn up and signed by the president, the secretarytand all his nominators. and the meetin^^ was dismissed with the blessings of the Church as befitted so sacred and imposing an assembly*
Later all the delegates e.nd the others in attendance descended to the large
room in the basement of the church to partake of the supper* After dinner
speeches were made by Messrs* Paleologos* Theodorost Trinketas and Kotakis and by the Archbishop*
Ill G -5- GREEK
III H
Saloniki, Apr* 28t 1923* ?*. m ^jul./ . >, . .
This is the first time In tne history of American Hellenism that so Important a meeting has taken place* This is proof that the Greeks living in America con< slder their Church and their religion the highest of all duties and those "who are in charge of our communities should undertake a constructive religious move* ment* Archbishop Alexander is to be congratulated on his modestt progressive and careful ecclesiastical policy*
• I
III c
III H
Saloniki, Apr. 14, 1923.
J1CG33Z L? "XRTK 'sllD SCUTH Al^SRICA,
Gilliac
.'tr
P« 2 • •
To the devout Clergy and People of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Ilorth and South /aaorica:
From God \7a convey to you grace and peace; we ourselves offer for you our prayers and bestov; on you our blessings, './ith the utmost gratification ':^e have ob- served the ::i?vnife station of your undivided loynlty "oo the canon laws of our Orthodox Church, '..e offer zo you our sincere congratulations, and we pub- licly confer upon you due praise for your blessed and godly firmness of v/ill, by grace of which the ungodly attempt to establish en independent schisr^atic church has failed.
By grace of your godly resolution v/e are relieved from all anxiety over this effort to place the Greek-Orthodox communities in /j:-erica under the juris- diction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and are organized in a diocese of their
.-^ -•%
III C - 2 - (JR^K
Saloniki, Apr* 14, 1923. **^^' v^^-- "^^■■.. Ju^/o
own.
.e confidently believe that the result v/ill be the same of the latest attempt of those who vj±sh to split the church and who nov/ proclaim that every Greek Orthodox church in \i..erica should beco:i.e independent, directed only by its rector and its board of trustees and not acknowledging any episcopal authority or control. This latest scheme is more ungodly than all the rest. According to the canon laws and the teaching of Orthodoxy, the Church, the clergy, the liturgy, and the Christian cannot exist without their bishop.
Therefore, :::y beloved, an independent Church not subject to a bishop is not a Church according to Orthodox teachings. A clerg^^-man not subject to episcopal authori::y is not an Orthodox clergyman and is unfit to conduct services, and Christians v/ho do not recognize the authority of a bishop cannot be and cannot call themsleves Orthodox Christians, ./e believe thi-:.t this attempt also v;ill fail.
It is our duuy uo call the attention of our blessed Orthodox Christians to the following point: Namely, that according to our belief a wedding is null when it is performed without episcopical permission, .ihen no bishop can be reached, the clergy:nan applies to the holy Synod under the jurisdiction of v/hich he
Ill c
III r.
- 3 -
Saloniki, ;pr. 14, 1923.
GR-l^
(i!.L...
serves for permission to perform the inarriage ceremony.
But v;iLh an establishment of che Greek Orthodox Diocese the episcopical permis- sion is indispensable, and a marriage ceremony performed without such license is null and void* 3y che Greek authorities also and by the Ecumenical Patriarchate those marriages "ire considered void which are performed by clergy men v;ho do not acknowledge the episcopal authority emd do not receive episco- pal permission.
On account of these serious consequences for husband, wife, we believe that it is our duty to keep you all well informed.
.\nd now the second :ime v/e call upon those clergymen and those boards of trust* ees v;ho heretofore have not adhered to our principles to acknowledge to us in writing that they recognize the Jlpiscopal Church and the Episcopal authority. Those of the clergy v;ho do not within twenty-one days obey uhis, our second command, will be regarded by us as strangers in our Episcopal Diocese, officiating without our permission, and v/e shall also accuse them before the authorities of those places from which they came hither, and request these authorities oo recall them from. America and punish them, according to the canons of the c?iurch.
11^ C - 4 - GR^SK ill H
Sjiloniki, Apr. 14, 1923.
The Greek Orthodox Jiocase of iJorth soad South Arnerica, authorized by the Ii3curaenical Patriarchate, is a self-governing independent body. IIo bishop out' side his jurisdiction may hold office of bishop within it.
lay the grace of our Lord bs Tn.th you all and remain with you.
Your Servant in Christ, /iiexandros .
Ill c
III H 17
GRiSK
Saloniki, Apr. 14, 192 3.
vM??. na-: ;-A--'J «'^^-*^
TH3 Gli-JSK ORTHODOX DICC3S3 OF
iicRTH A!iD 30UTH ;j.::^Riau
To our Clergy and to the Boards of Trustees of the Churches of the Diocese of Chicago:
In a previous circular letter we made it known that the nicumenical Patrioarchate has consented to ratify without change, the nev/ constitution of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Ilorth and 3outh America which was drav/n up last August by the second general assembly of the Diocese.
According to article A 1 of this constitution besides the Diocese of Hew York three more dioceses shall be founded, the Diocese of Boston, the Diocese of Chicago, and the Diocese of San Francisco. According to article B 1 the canon law of the Holy Synod is introduced v/ith the .Archbishop as president, and the other three bishops as members.
According to article 16 of this constitution the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Chicago sh'j.11 first elect its Bishop in a special ecclesiastical assembly, which shall convene by invitation of the ,'rchbishop and nominate three candidates, choosing them 8jnong those clergy*7Bn of the 'Irchdiocese who have graducited from
- 2 - G^ac
Saloniki, Apr. 14, 1923* --'^ (I'D^RH; Wl%
theological seminaries recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate and its holy Synod.
According to article 12 of this constitution the special ecclesiastical assembly in each of the above mentioned dioceses shall include all the clergy- men of the diocese and of one lay representative from each church thereof. These lay delegates shall be organized as an associa-uion and shall be elected bv the boards of trustees of their several churches.
Likewise according to the v/ish and corama'»^dment of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the oifice of bishop at least in the tv/o Dioceses of Chicago and Boston must be filled v/ithout delay. The Diocese of Chica[-o comes first according to artilcle 16. The election of these bishops and the prompt organization of the Holy Synod of the Archdiocese are imperative for many reasons of an ecclesiast- ical and nationalistic nature. .;e must comply v/ith the Patriarchate's wishes and complete the regulation of our activities by forming an ecclesiastical association.
For this reason v/e have appointed as the time for the ::.eeting of the ecclesiast- ical assembly of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of Chicago for 6 ?. i:. of this
- 3 - grij:3K
SaOoniki, ^.pr* 14, 1923. Vv^/W!lL./ ^-T- 3G27S
coming V/ednesda /, A;or. 18, 1923, and the pxace shall be the Church of 3t.
Constantine, 6105 South Lichigan Ivenue. ..e invite thither the clerg^r of
diocese and also all the lay representatives elected by the board of trustees of the churches of the diocese.
The meeting there assembled shall show by secret ballot a majority vote for one of the three candidates who shall be nominated according to the specifications of &he Jcuiiienical Patriarchate and the Holy Synod, and so shall the Bishop of Chicago be regularly elected.
Among our clergymen the following persons are qualified to be nominated as can- didates: Alexopoulos loakim, /orgirides Christophoros, loannides Philaratos, I.:itatakis Simeon, Papaioannes Germanos, Papageorgopoulos Kallistos, Saltas Arsenics, Statheros Const ant inos, Smyrnopoulos Damaskinos, Fousianis Lethodios*
Because of the importance of this iioeting we are notifying all our clergymen of the Greek Orthodox Diocese of North and South Ar.ierica who belong to the Diocese of Chicago, and we also advise the boards of trustees of the churches that each one of t?iem is expected to send its lay representative.
'.Ve have faith that our invitation and advice will be obediently received for the
- 4 -
aR■'^'•
oaloniki, ;pr, 14, 1923.
»M0' /V
,it-.:
benefit of the church, the nation and the [^odly Hellenism of .unerica . '..e invoke for you the grace and the peace of God,
\ ' . w.
Chicri 0, i;^linois, Apr, 9, 192 J.
Your Servant in Christ, Alexandres.
GSEM.
Saloniki, F«b. 23, 1923. ^_
THE CHURCH ORGANIZATION OF THE (KEEKS IN AMERICA.
(Editorial)
From th« colurans of our friendly colleague, the Greek National Herald* we take the liberty of reprinting a conmunication from the Most Reverent Archbishop of North and South America on the independence of the Greek Orthodox churches in America* Trom the legal point of view, and from that of the typical church- nan we find the decision to be proper because when the decree of the Ecumenical Patriarchate was revoked, all authority was withdrawn from the Holy Synod of Greece, and all the churches in America were placed under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
"No one denies that the Ecumenical Patriarchate by its position and its history is the supreme ecclesiastical and nationalistic head and the religious center of our race, but it cannot respond to the liberal ideas of our present generation on account of its location, for it is subjected to constant persecution and restraint.
JXX C ^ Z •^ GBEEK
Saloniki* Feb. 23, 1923.
vvi M \^.^.,) ri'.u.
n'P- /• ' . -VM.' .^;V^. ^
•■hen the memorandum was drawn up and delivered by Mr* Palaiologosy conditions were harmonious and favorable for the conqplete success of the org^ization be^ cause the churches were under the jurisdiction of the Holy Synod, of which the position was stronger, since it was directly connected with the political center of Greece*
•Tlobody could have imagined that conditions would reach such a point as they now have reached under the present unrighteous government in Greece, and that the Greek colonies would be drawn into national storm, like ships following the ark in irtiich for sany years have been guarded the most idealistic cmd most charming dreams of our race*
•Ife are developing in a different way in consequence of present conditions in Greece* We consider our decision as best and as a foundation-^stone for the preservation of the racial integrity, the character, and the active force of our scattered Greeks*
in c • 3 -^ caESK
III H
Salonlklt Feb. 23, 1923* ,,,., ... .
^ ' Wi-'A (111,; n^-j:
^or in the course of time there will be changes in people cind in their conception of things 9 and we cannot foresee or foretell what will be the conceptions cmd the attitude of our descendants.
^e have at all times proclaimed and instructed the authorities that our churches everywhere, especially our scattered churches, are not only for the worship of God and the cure of souls; they must also be significant national centers to serve the nation* s interests as well as to satisfy the devout longings of the soul, a fact confirmed and attested by the history of Greece and by the privileges with which Greece has endowed the Patriarchate of Constantinople*
^l^ to this time we have struggled like true national heroes , but because we see
that those who are in Greece are not conscious of their country's plight nor of
where its true interests lie that they do not reveal sufficient strength of will to
emulate the progress of other nations, cmd that our nationalistic conditions here
are affected by the conditions which prevail in Greece, we must suppress all our desires for racial solidarity and accomplish our salvation independently.
in C •• 4 •• GREEK
Saloniki, Feb. 23, 1923* >»m i.^i; r .u......
"^Neither a deui nor a nation can live well or harmoniously without heeding the proverb f "Know thyself ♦*
^In accordance with the letter printed above we believe that the new organization will not only achieve honor and success but will also become a model of church gorernnient to be imitated by the Church of Greece from which until yesterday we patiently avaited some benefit, and for which we have made so many sacrifices and endured so many bitter experiences.
'*Lert our Church be governed by our Hellenism here both for the sake of the Greeks in America and for the benefit of our nation overseas. May our foundation be blessed by the high and mi^ty God, who is our Lord!^
Uentor.
GREEK
III 0 Saloniki, Jan. 20, 1923.
I A 2 a
ASSOCIATION OF THE GREEK COmvOJTTITY OP CHICAGO ^ '" '^^
p. -5- All members of the Association of the Greek Coiraminity of Chicago are
invited to a regular meeting on Siinday, January 28, 1923, at 1 p.m. in room No. 1 of Koran's Hall, 810 West Harrison Street.
The program of this meeting will be as follows:
(1) Submission the three months' financial report;
(2) Consideration of the erection of a small church in the cemetery;
(3) Discussion in regard to the constitution of the school; and
(4) Discussion of other subjects which involve the progress of the community.
Note:
Persons who wish to be enrolled as new members of the Community Association are
invited to attend this meeting.
Chicago, Illinois,
January 5, 1923.
N. Kokkines, president.
GREEK
III c Salonlkl. Jan. 20, 1923*
III H
OFFICIAL TELEOBAM FROU THE SCUMMICAL PATRIARCHATE
P.-3- Protocol niimber 1356 Chicago, Illinois
Jan. 11, 1923*
Dear Mr. Editor:
I have the nonor to request that you will publish in your esteemed newspaper a communication from the Most Reverend EcumenicaZ Patriarch of Constantinople. With my respects and many thanks,
The Consul General Vasilios Mammonas*
"To my great sorrow I have been Informed that a movement is in progress which aims to establish an independent Church* Our paternal responsibility impels us to transmit the following advice from the council of the Patriarchate, trusting that those of the clergy and of the laity who feel that they are members of the Holy Orthodox Church will comply with our request* An independent Church, accord- ing to the holy canons may be established if It is composed of all the Orthodox Christians who live in America regardless of language and nationality* Since we take it for granted that to-day it is impossible to establish an independent Orthodox Church, any movement in this direction is by us prohibited. The offense
GREEK
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Salonlki , Jan. 20, 1923.
of trhich tho^e persons will be guilty who shall attempt to found an independent Church will be the same which resulted in the condemnation and the excommunication of the Bulgarians from the Orthodox Church. We warn all the children of the Orthodox Church that the condemnation of those of the clergy and the laity who «ui>port this movement is inevitable*
Por this reason we admonish all whom it may concern to come to their senses, considering the wrong which they are committing against themselves and against the Church."
Patriarch Meletios.
GBEEE
in c
Salonlkl. Jan« 13, 1923i
I A 2 c THE CHimCH DANCE OP THE NORTH SIDE GREEKS
(Editorial)
Last Monday evening in the wonderful rooms of the White City the dance for the benefit of the Church and school of the North Side Greeks was given. It has been advertised for some time» About two thousand guests were present including the Greek consul general and his staff, the executive officers of local nationalistic organizations, scientists, reporters, and nu^ierous proprietors of commercial establishments and their employees. Many Americans also attended, persons who have connections with the Greek Colony of Chicago*
The event, considered from all angles was eminently successful; and as for the hospitality offered by the church's executive committee, it deserves a word of appreciation. In the big ball-room, \mder the musical spell of a large and up-to- date orchestra, were the Euronean dances; in another room, with the same enthusiasm and skill, Greek dances were danced to Greek music.
Perfect order was preserved, and an atmosphere of enthusiasm prevailed, the result of the executive committee* s careful preparations was to make the whole affair a success. During the dance various drinks were served and fragrant flowers were
t
GREEK -2-
^J^r.y ^_^^; HlVOJ
Salonlkl. Jan> 13, 1923.
distributed by the members of the executive committee and their assistants* The dance was over at 1:30 a.m., and all went home full of enthusiasm* Saloniki, heartily congratulates the sponsors of this occasion.
Ill c
GBEEK
CHICAGO GREEK DAILY. Sept. 23, 1921
Greek Orthodox Ghiirch St. Constantine.
In accordance with the decision of the coairt, all raemhers listed in the roster of the Greek Orthodox Community of St. Constantine axe called upon to De present without fall, in the church, Sept. 2S, 3 P-^^. in a gener- al congregation, unless a change of the date "by the court he issued.
Ill c III H
GREEK
CHICAGO OREEK DAILY, Sept 22, 1921 ^ ^W rn^,,^^^ .
Official. GHEEK CONSUUTE IK CHICAGO.
To the Manager of Chicr-go Greek Daily.
In commimicating to you the following subject matter of the Ecoumenical Patriarchate to his Majesty's Foreign Office, I have the honor to ask you to he so kind as to have it appear in the columns of your eminent journal.
With the greatest esteem, The Administrative Consul, P. Armyriotis.
In answer to the communication of Your Excellency, No, 57^5 » of the Church in America, we have the honor to state, and psk to kindly have this transmitted to the proper channels, that there is, and continues to he in force, the Patriaxi- chal and Synodic edit of 1908 regarding the Greek Orthodox Churches at large that they remain under the jurisdiction of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, and that the Ecpumenical Patriarchate never to this day interfered in the affairs of the Church in America, and never gave any instructions to any clergyman or layman to act and interfere in its behalf regarding the administration and organization of all the Greek churches and communities in America,
The Governor of the Ecumenical Throne etc Nicholas of Kessaria.
o
III c III H IV
Chicago Sreek Daily, Sep. 3, 1921, p. 1
GR3EK
THE S£L^-GOVii:RNIi^'G CHURCH.
We published, in yesterde^y's issue the opinions of our friend, Mr. Andrew Vlachos, lavTyer in regard to the question initiated by the Greek Daily of Chicago, that is whether there is need of establishing a self-governing church in America.
Mr. Vlachos e^ees with us in principle recognizing the necessity of a self-governinf': church in America. However, he pr' pounds the question.
"Tfho is the eclesiastical giant who will undertake with intelligence and devotion to put this idea into effect?"
Necessity Creates
To this question we answer that, having dealt with the question from a higher standpoint we did not carry out the plan so far as to be able to point out the man who would undertake to put our design into effect.
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Chica^o Greek Daily. Sep. 3, 1921. GrBSM \ V' 7
\ : i».'.
W »-' ( ■'''
If we really need a church of our own here in America, as we believe, the ways and means of acquiring it will undoubtedly be found as well as the raan fit for the task.
In regard to the necessity for recognition of the Church of America by the Holy Synod of Cxreece, how can that be done as long as the question of the legality of the Metropolite of Athens remains unsolved?
We ans';7er, \inequivocally, that the question of recognition of the self-governing Church of America by the Holy Synod of Greece, or by other Churches, is a Question depending on the way of the establishing the church in America. It is necessary, perhaps, to answer this question: Are the Orthodox ^^hurches of America controlled by any Church in particular? Or to put it in a better light. Could the Holy Synod of Greece or the different Patriarchates raise claims of jurisdiction over the churches of America?
-3-
Chicago Greek Daily, Sep. 3, 1921, p. 1 GREEK
Regardiriw^ the question of the Metropolite of Athens and its dependence we say without hesitation to Mr. Vlachos that we douht that there is such a Questicn in Greece.
This answer of our necessitates some explantion hecausp otherwise we may be understood as contradicting- ourselves. Namely how can we be friendly to Metropolite Metrixakis whil^ we doubt that there is a Metropolite question in Greece?
Our readers will r 'member, perhaps, that since the arrival of Metaxakis in America we have expressed, the opinion that, in view of all that has occurred in Greece and the overthrow of the King, the Areopagite, the generals the University professors, and other high functionaries, it is not impossible ths.t the bishops and metroplites may be overthrown.
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Chicago greek Daily,. Sep. 3, 1921.
|
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GREEK |
One more thing. It is not the Grepk people of America that will solve the Metropolite question of G-reece. We still stand by that.
We support Metropolite Metaxakis and recognize that his personality and his ability can render great service in the organization of the Oreek people in America, especially in ecclesiastical matters.
The Greeks of America undoubtedly need to be organized, and when a personality such as that of Metaxakis comes here, those who sincerely desire this organization do not intend to start a war against him even if they disagree with him in part.
The Metropolite Question, if there is one, will be straightened out soon. The organization of the churches in America however, is irrelevant to it.
Ill c
GREEK
E? ^ Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 2, 1S21.
A SELF-GOVERNING CHmiCH IN AMERICA
( Sunimary )
p. 1- The articles published by us about the necessity of establishing a self-governing Greek Orthodox Church in America have moved a prominent lawyer in our community, Mr. Andrew Vlachos, to send us the following article, which we publish with pleasure.
Mr. Vlachos' s Article
Mr. S. Kotakis in four consecutive issues of the Greek Daily has dealt with the question of establishing a self-governing church in America. His fourth article closes with these words:
"In projecting this idea we have been motivated by the abnormal situation created in our church administration, and we shall be only too glad to hear the opinions of others who are able to discuss this question,"
- 2 - OHEEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 2, 1921.
Although the writer does not claim to be in a position to express an authoritative opinion on a matter of so much importance and significance, he nevertheless records some thoughts upon the question.
The main point which Mr. Kotakis makes, upon which all others depend, is this: Is there need of establishing a self-governing church in America?
We, being concerned with the main objective of these articles, abstain from expressing any detailed opinion on the fsunous ecclesiastical question of who is the legitimate Metropolite of Athens. V/e confine ourselves to saying that the solution of the ecclesiastical question under dispute as to who is the legitimate Metropolite of Athens depends not on the judg- ment of the Oreek press nor on the opinion of the Oreek people nor on legislation by the Greek Parliament nor on governmental decree nor on decisions of one or the other Holy Synod of Greece nor on the attitude of those who vie for the throne of Metropolite of Athens.
- 3 - GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 2, 1921*
The solution of this question, n^ich is of the utmost religious and ecclesi- astical importance, depends on the decision of a Synod called by the Ecumenical Patriarchate according to canons pertaining to the solution of Questions of this nature.
Regarding the question of establishing a self-governing church in America much could be written one way or the other.
In part, we could say that in America there are as many self-governing churches as there are Greek communities. Every community is a legal entity, recognized by the state in which it is located. All Greek churches in America belong to self-governing Greek communities, and they constitute their first and most important property. The executive councils of the communities appoint and discharge the priests. The latter, being hired by the communities, are in this regard a sort of employee, and as a rule the communities can engage any priests whom they want regardless of whether they belong to the Church of Greece or to the Ecoiraenical Patriarchate or to the Patriarchate of Jerusalem or to that of Antioch or to that of Alexandria. If there is no rule in the constitution pro-
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GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily ^ Sept. 2, 1921.
viding for such a detail, the executive council has the right to engage any priest of either of the Patriarchates or of the Holy Synod of Greece or even a priest who has been ordained by a Russian Orthodox bishop.
The same applies to the appointments even of the bishops. A Greek bishop of whichever church may come to America and ordain priests, rhe priests, in turn, are appointed oy the communities to serve them. Exceptions to this rule are those communities whose constitutions provide for appoint- ment and discharge of the priests by the Holy Synod of Greece, or by some other church.
All this concerns the government of ecclesiastical matters in the Greek communities of America and nothing more. For, as Mr. Kotakis indicates in all his four articles, no dogmatic or spiritual questions are touched upon at all, for these must always be settled among the Greek churches of America, isolated or \inited as the case may be, and the self-governing Church of Greece and all the other Orthodox churches. As things stand, this administrative dependence on the Holy Synod of Greece will continue to exist as long as we expect priests ana bishops to be sent from Greece to America.
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1 ; n.t... ?■
Chicago greek Daily, Sept. 2, 1921,
If there were a reasonable number of priests in America to draw from, there would be no power able to prevent it if the communities wished to employ them here.
Inasmuch as we have bishops in America to-day, there is nothing that can prevent our having priests ordained by them so as to enable our communities to secure theiri much more easily. Priests who know the English language, the habits and customs of the land, and also the characteristics and needs of the Greeks of America are preferable to those who come from abroad and are not acquainted with these things.
If the writer in the Greek Daily, my friend Mr. S. Kotakis, in talking about the self-governing church in America means the formation of an association of the Greek churches in America, whose constitutional regulations would provide, among other things, the manner of appointment and recalling of bishops and priests in America, then we agree with him on the need of launching such an ecclesiastical association possessing legal entity and functioning according to a constitution recognized by
. 6 - ORBSK
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 2, 1921.
the American authorities, because many are the advantages that will accrue for Hellenism in America from so serious an effort toward ecclesiastical organization of Greek-Americans.
Needless to say, this ecclesiastical association of the Greeks of America will hear the title of "The Greek Orthodox Church in America," will be based on the fundamental tenets of Orthodoxy, and will be spiritually united with all Orthodox Churches of the world and consequently with the Church of Greece.
But here the question springs up: V.Tio is that ecclesiastical giant who will undertake with intelligence and devotion to put this idea into effect? And how can this be realized so as to maintain harmonious relations between the self-governing Church of America and that of Greece so long as the Panhellenic ecclesiastical question of the legality of the Metropolite of Athens, which caused the ecclesiastical split of the Greeks, as my estimable friend Xotakis correctly puts it, remains unsolved?
f ,
Chicago Greek Daily, Sept. 2, 1921.
This is the question which I wish to answer in the Greek Daily, and to this public discussion every Greek should give heed, showing his interest in things pertaining to Greek life in America,
Andrew J. Vlachos.
jjj Q Chicago Greek Daily, Aug. 30, 1921, p. 1 aKSEK
IV
CHICAGO GR^.SKS ENTERTAIII TliEIvISSLTES.
The three Greek parishes of Chicago had separately arranged for outings on the day of the Ass^junption of the Virgin, so that the Greeks of Chicago enjoyed a general feast, so to speak, last Sunday,
The Annunciation Church of the North Side had a big gathering in Desplaines .::^ River Park, with a very lively entertainment and dance. The president, Mr. George Karampelas, with Messrs. Chronopoulos any Raklios eJid Lakidas cordially v7elcomed all who attended.
On the West Side the picnic of Holy Trinity Church broke the record for crowdSf orderliness, and financial success. Greek and American dances, to the accomr;animent of a well organized band continued merrily and incessantly. All the committees worked indefatigably for the success of th-^ affair, and a success it certainly was.
— p*
Chicago Greek Dcvlly^ Aus:. 30, 1921. GRS2K
The South Side parish, St. Constantine' s, also spent a day of enjoyment. The parish president, Mr. N. Georgoooulos, the vice-president Dr. K, ^^W^3 c» Theodorou, and the other members of the executive council all worked hard ^ "^ "'"^ ?^ to entertain the guests and to swell the treasury of their church.
All in all the Greeks of Chicago had a groat festival last Sunday.
t
i
III C ^RE3K .:^~^
lU H ■ ^ ^^
Chicago &reek Daily, Au^. 24, 1921. (i^ *A* ^;
THE ECCLESIASriCAL '^u^STION - '"^^
•THE OPINION OF tHI: HIOHT REVli-K'-LT BISHOP O^JRiJU^OS
p. 1- Having asked the opinion of the Right Rev. Germanos about the very important ouestion of church axLrainistration in America, v;ith which we have dealt in a series of articles, we received the following statement without any reservations;
"V/e must create a separate archdiocese in America.
"No matter what my office is here for the execution of my mission, and hov^ ample the powers may be which are vested in me by the Holy Synod of Greece, and what the title is which the Synoa has bestowed on me, you must not forget," said he, "that I am the Bishop of Sparta. V/henever my mission is concluded, I shall return to my diocese.
"Another bishop v/ill probably fill the vacancy after my departure, but he also, whoever he may be, will belong- to a certain diocese to which he must return.
» »
III C - 2 - ^HEEK
Chicago Oreek Daily> Au^. 34, 1921.
"By this I mean to say that it is not possible for the churches of America to V e aaministered by soecial legates. It is necessary that a permanent bishop be established here.
"This iaea has prevailed in Greece for a Ion.- time," saia Bisho-o Germanos, and he elucidated at length the fundamental orincioles of ecclesiastical authority in America.
"V/e not only need to establish a diocese here," said he, "but we must have also a seminary in which properly to tra.in priests for the Greek comiriiinities of Aiuerica, priests who shall have the opportunity to complete their courses in American universities.
"On such a foundation it woula be possible for the Church of America to elevate itself to inaependence.
"Now there is not a thing in order and I cannot see," said he, "how, v/ithout first going through these preliminaries, an independent authority can be established."
*JX
III C GRi
III H
Chica^:o Journal, Aug. 15$ 1921, in the Scrapbook, p. 104» of Mr. p. S. Lambros, 130 N. Wells St.t Chicago, 111.
BANCoUET FOR GRZDL LI SHOP
TRCIi.i;OS TO dZ GUZ^i 07 liCKCR r^T F2TZ OF C0UI;TRYMZI^ TO-..IGHT
Germanos Troianos, Archbishop of Sparta, recently appointed Bishop of the Greek Church in America by King Constantino, v.ill be the guest of honor at a banquet served by the Chicago Greek colony to-nitht.
The apeakers v/ill be P. Armiriotis, chairman, Greek consul in Chicago, At- torney Patrick H. C'Donnell, Attorney John Dritsas, and Peter S. Lambros, publisher of the Greek Star.
Greek churches in Chicago a few days ago obtained a temporary injunction from Judge Pam restrainning Bishop Troiano^ from establishing a new regime here.
Ylhen the Reverend Leon Pigeas, pastor of the Greek Church of the Koly Trin-
III-2. - 2 - GRL'^K III H
hica^o Journal, Aug. 15 t 1921
ity, 1101 South Peoria Street, heard on Sunday that the Bishop would attend the services, he resigned -nd closed the church, fearing, he said, "trou- ble and even bloodsheds" Jud| e Pam has given permission to Bishop Troi- anos to attend the services.
Ill C Chicago Evening American, Aug. 13, 1921* &EEEK
GESSK BISHOP BARRED FROM CHURCH ADDRESS.
Comprcmise in the political dispute now agitating the G-reek Orthodox church in Chicago was reached today in the Superior Court of Judge Hugo Pam. It was agreed that Bishop Crermanos Troianos, appointee of King Constantine should be permitted to attend service tomorrow at the church of St. Trinity, 1101 S. Peoria St., but that he sho^lld not attempt to speak or to take any part in the ritual.
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Salonlki, Ivlay 15, 1920.
AI^IT-IOUNCiiMSrJT
The Board of Trustees of the ./est Sine Parish wishes to remind the coirununity, that the treasury of the church has paid out .,^^25,000 for the Greek School in the past year. Of this sun, ^10,000 was paid on the property, leaving a bal- ance of 4)15,000 yet to be paid. Th3 taxes and mortgages and salaries cannot possibly be paid from the small aiaounts derived from the jchurch collection plates. The only logical and fair v;ay is by increasing tne church memuership. ^'or this reason an appeal is being made to all patriotic and pro^rressive indi- viduals, that they join the church and pay their dues regularly.
Action is what brings results, not mere words of advice or agreement. All who wish to aid the church, the school, and the entire community, are asked to get membership blanks, and then proceed to get as many subscribers as possible.
Ill C GRESK
IV
Saloniici, Dec. 25, 1920.
el::ction of church bo.jid
Last Sunday the election of the members of the Board of Trustees of the Evangelisraos Church took place. lir* I\^zarr, J. Raklios, K. Granias, T» Bales, K. Paleologos, and I. Adinamis, some of the finest members of our community, were elected. These men are known to have the interest of the Church and the community at heart.
The Saloniki congratulates the newly elected members and wishes them
success in their new responsibilities; and to the old members it gives thanks
and appreciation for their fine work.
Ill 0 IV
Salonikl . Nov. 8, 191=
aRESK
:?
A GEinirR.\L ;i,S33JvIBLY OF Tm '.OST SIDE
/p;j?iSH :.ci.iBE?^7
At last, the parish members of the V/est Side church have awakened from their letharg:r of indifference, and have started to contemplate buying the new church. Praise God I
Last Sunday was the day of this general assembly which was called not to dis- cuss the purchase of the new church, as was stated upon the notices, but to talk about the jpurchase of a Jewish church building, v;hich was discovered by the Psaltist /pxojitQvJ ^ Mr* II. Dokos.
The president of the board of trustees, Mr* Tsaxabas, called the meeting to order, and in dictatorial tones requested all the speakers to confine them- selves to the subject. He entirely forgot to acquaint the audience with the decisions that v/ere reached by the board of trustees at their meetings the last three months.
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IV
Salonirci, Tov. b, 1919,
:.Ir. Der.iopoulos v;as given the floor and lie said oiiat a Jewish church, situated on .jshland .:oul3vard, hid been found. After T^raising the structure very high- ly, he said that its price vms only ,i70,uG0, of v;hich /dO^uOO v;ould have to be paid in cash iniiuadiately. The rest of the sura .vould be paid in yearly in- stalL:nents,
i.Ir. K. Yriakopoulos ths^n spoke and iiS-ced that a coiriaiT^tee be appointed to exanine the proposed church and present its findings to a future general meet- ing, xir. /^eorge7 Sellas arose and expressed his regrets that the president had not seen fit to tell about the church on Ogden Avenue that has been pur- chased and nearly paid for. -lO did not see 7;hy the parish should be burdened with a v50,000 debt, wh^n the Ogaen church ;vas just as good as the /i^hland Boulevard church. He continued and said, ".Je o;ve ^^^25,000 on the old church and v40,000 for enlarging uhe school. If we add -^70,000, we will have the impressive debt of ,^.150, 000, ;;aich v;ill cost us ^10,000 a year for interest and taxes. \^lio, gentlemen, can guarantee the payment of this money, especi^ ally under the jurisdiction of the present board of trustees? ►ie have no/^^
Ill G IV
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Saloniki, ::ov. 8, 1919.
GRjiii:!:
intention of dividing the parish — as has been said by some; to prove this, I say, change the ^^oveming system and you v/ill have our f\ill co-operation,"
r, Sellas was enthusiastically applauded, and he introduced Llr. Nick Lambropoulos . I.Ir, Lambropoulos asked the president to have the serious mat- ters which the board had voted upon opened for discussion. These matters con- cern the Ttieverend L. Pygeas, the cemetery, and the schoolrooms of the Greek schoolo The president asked that Llr. Lambropoulos* v;ords should be stricken from the records. Ivlr. Lambropoulos insisted upon knowing whether or not the vote of the board means anything, because if it does not mean anything, what would be the use of its voting upon any other subject, since the voting results are entirely ignored? These v;ords resulted in great disturbance aiaong the audience. Le sat down, but arose again ani said in nervous haste, *1.Ir. Pres- ident, the individuals who purchased the church on Ogden .ivenue, are neither Hindus nor barbarians; they are the select members of this parish. They are members who have always -uorked for the betterraent of this church; and who, perhaps, helped you to win the ^:resident*s chair, vvhich you now occupy''. You
Ill C - 4 - GREEK
IV
Saloniki, Nov. 8, 1919.
should have brought the matter of the church on Ogden Avenue to the attention of this general assembly, which by right is the only body having the right to settle such an important question.
^But you did not do so, because your actions are motivated by selfishness and stubbornness, and not by a desire for the general welfare and benefit.
"I wish to state that no matter v.hich church is finally purchased, the twelve men who have bought the church on Ogden Avenue v/ill have the everlasting grati- tude of the community, because they have forced you to at least talk of buying a new church — a matoer which would have never occurred to you."
Mr. Psimoulis arose and said that it is impossible to buy the church because funds are necessary, and so far no one had shown a disposition to pirovide them. "Clapping," said he, "is very nice, but it does not buy churches." Mr. /^•'dJJ Agriostathis recommended that a committee examine both churches and then
Ill C - 5 - GR^K
IT
Saloniki, Nov. 8, 1919.
select the better of the t\iW.
Seeing the lack of appreciation shown toward the efforts to do something for the community, Mr. Sellas arose and left the assembly. Those who reraained did not recognize the church ovmed by Llr. Bellas on Ogden Avenue, and voted for the purchase of the Ashland Avenue church. After a comrnittee v/as selected, the meeting was adjourned.
1
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II B 2 d (1)
III H Salonlki , Aug. 2, 1919.
;7ITH0UT A TITLE
by N. Lambrcpoulos
We have been informed that the temporary board of trustees of the Koimisis Tis Theotokou Church has sent a letter to the president of the Holy Synod of Rodostolou, asking for recognition of the church*
Since His Holiness is known to be a just man with democratic and liberal tendencies, we are sure that he will recognize this church. This church has all the requirements for. its sacred purpose: it commands respect and reverence and is an honor to our religion and the Greek name in this strange country. To recognize this church, he must be made familiar with its previous disgraceful plight.
The Saloniki, which has aligned itself on the side of the rebuilders of this church, will be the first to thank Rodostolou, and will be the first ,
^,fT» •-•• t^
•A
Ill C - 2 - agi^rBy
II B 2 d (1)
III H Saloniki, Aug. 2, 19a9.
to bend over the hand that signs the notice of recognition, which will lift the yoke of backwardness from the neck of this .Jest Side Church* This church has all the indications of becoming even greater than the other churches and will stand as an example of democratic organization.
One reason after another, which can be knocked down as easily as a house made of cards, is presented by the foes of this church. They said that the church was an antique. ;:e answered that Saint Sofia was five hundred years old and was used for a stable by the Turks. Then they said the color was ugly, because it was of red brick. IJSr. Fortin, the architect, said that those bricks would last from two to five hundred years. Some said that the building had settled and that it would lean over and col- lapse. V/e told them that we had seen many old people whose backs were bent, and yet those people did not fall. They said that the church was near a car line and that people would be killed while crossing. So we told them that as yet not even a fly had been injured by a car, because the church faces a lovely park — flies don*t go in the park because they
N
Ill C - 3 - GREEK
II B 2 d (1)
III H Saloniki, Aug. 2, 1919.
are assembled in front of the old \vooden hovel v/here it is very clean (?)
During the meeting, last Sunday, Mr. ?/illiams played some hymns upon the wonderful pipe organ of the church. One individual, who told me that the church cost ^2,000, would probably evaluate this <5reat organ at fifteen cents — cheaper than a wooden tambourine. Perhaps he meant to say two hundred thousand-dollar bills. If so, I must apologize.
III C Gpii^EK II B 2 d (1)
IV Salonikl, July 19, 1919.
MEETING AT NEW PARISH OF KOIMISIS TIS IIIEOTUKOU
Despite the terrible heat last Sunday, a large number of people attended the meeting at the new parish of Koimisis Tis Theotukou, at which they were fully informed of the plans, ambitions, and hopes for this parish. Mr. J. Dimltrakopoiaos , foimer principal of Socrates, gave a beautiful speech. Some of its highlights follow.
•TBach time a group of people wanted to build their own church, others were found who placed every obstacle in their path. Biis happened when the North and South Side churches were built, and later when this West Side church was built. However, the other two churches were improved, and today they are fine structxires, while our ch\irch is a hovel, and is in debt.
^e are here today to see what can be done about lessening these existing evils, for the benefit of ourselves and the entire community. Again, the
III C - 2 - GREEK II B 2 d (1)
IV Saloniki, July 19, 1919 •
forked-tongue enemies of progress and development are haranging and pro- testing against our actions. But the church has been bought! This chiirch will be rebuilt and will become one of the best in Chicago, and the day will come when this church will not be able to hold all of its parish- ioners ^
These were the words of Dimitrakopoulos , and in the midst of the applause he introduced Mr. G. Sellas. In a direct and evidently sincere manner, he gave his knowledge of the affairs of the church. He uncovered the situation, and revealed the gangrenous condition, which caused the church to backslide and to cease its progress. He said that the blame rest not only with this church itself, but with all the churches.
Later, in detail, he described the purchase of the church After he
visited the three reverends of the other chxirches, and having received enthusiastic responses from them, he called in an architect to draw up plans for the church. When the plans were completed, they were presented
III C - 3 - GP^grgR
IIB2d (1) ;
IV Saloniki, July 19, 1919. W \ to the Board of Trustees.
Instead of studying the plans, and then presenting them to a general meeting, the Board of Trustees deemed the matter imworthy of any considera- tion and threw the plans in the..«.(sic) , and no mention of the above was made at any general assembly.
Sorrowful, at the neglect of the church which he so eagerly desired to
progress, Mr. Sellas proceeded to buy the church himself Mr. Sellas
then left the platform, with applause ringing in his ears. Mr. N. Lambropou* los, a hearty supporter of all that is good and progressive, was the next speaker of the afternoon.
The Speech of N. Lambropoulos
••This large assembled audience gives me pleasure as a parishioner and also as a journalist. This group is not one of idle curiosity-seekers, it is
III C - 4 - GREEK II B 2 d (1)
IV Salonlkl , July 19, 1919.
motivated by great interest in the true condition of our churcli. This group is a deathblow to backwardness, rotteness, and all the other evils that weigh so heavily upon this parish.
^ou assembled here to see the holy place in which you will pray from now on. You assembled here to see with your own eyes the building from which so many sacred and patriotic benefits will be derived. Lastly, you came here to see the new church called ^Koimisis Tis Theotukou,** which is now yours.
♦♦The few individixals who purchased this church are tTom the middle class, such as, ourselves. They are not people who have degrees from universities; they are people who hare had experiences and have learned through their experiences. Letters are not the most important thing needed to make a success of your life. Something else must be present such as is possessed by Venizelos
i •
III C - 5 - GREEK II B 2 d (1)
IV Salonlkl , Jxily 19, 1919.
♦•I am not here to give a political speech, because the time for talking
has passed, and the time for action is here*....
'TIo! ladies and gentleman, the church was not bought for the profit of a
few individuals, as some people might cause you to suppose
tf
The Saloniki , is going to run a new colximn called Ecclesiastical Matters, »• in which all news of the progress of the church and its parishioners, will be published.
This event marks a new era in the progress and development of the Chicago Greeks
Ill c
II B 2 d (1)
GRHISK
Saloniki, July 19, 1919. TEiANK-YOU LSTTBR TO SALONIKI
Dear Editor:
I take pleasure in informing you that at the last meeting of the temporary Board of Directors of Koimisis Tis Theotokou Parish, your paper the Saloniki was selected as the organ of this church.
Of all the papers in the city of Chicago, yours is the only one with the courage, foresight, and moral strength to take the side of progress and improvement. Your aid will help us to attain our* goal sooner and easier than would be possible without it. You have our sincerest thanks and appreciation.
Sincerely,
John Valavanis, president:
J. Dimitrakopoulos, secretary.
\
^^
Ill C GISHL_
III H
Salonilci . July 12, 1919.
.VITIIOUT A TITLE
by
N. Lainbronoulus
*
There seems to be rp?eat resentnent tovjard the smll group of men v;ho worked go earnestly to buy the Koimisis Tis i^heotokoii Church, i}::ven the Archbishop of Hodostolou refused to send a priest to the parish because he did not approve.
It is doubtful '.vheti.er he is a-Arare of the fact that 12,000 parishioners
have been attending services-- for tv/enty years—in a hovel; I v-iill not
say stable I Joes he l:novj that r^50j,00J has passed through tlie treasury
of that cjiurch, v/hich still is in debt, despite this money? Does he knoxv ^-^
that t:iis novel burned do-m two yeoj:s a^-o, and that instead of endeavor ing/o;
to build a nev; cliurch, some of our unenlightened >Deople insisted UT)on j^^.p
patchinj;^, the v^recl:? • • • •
Does y.is Holiness laior; that tiie school o.' the church (?) £s\cj is situated
Ill C - 2 - GREEK.
Ill H
Saloniki, July 12, 1919.
next to large factories, and that the school raises money for its own support by giving theatrical performances?
Does he know that no general board meeting was ever held to purchase a church, but that it was done by a small group, who had the progress and betterment of the community at heart?
We are quite sure that His Holiness is not familiar with any of these facts. Mr. Xanthopoulos , our esteemed consul, is, therefore, requested to write to the Archbishop and enlighten him in regard to the affairs of this church. If he fails to send a priest he will, I am afraid, have to answer not to a few, but to 11,500 parishioners, who will be severe judges.
Ill C QrBEEK
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17 Saloniki, Jiay 12, 1919 •
THE TRUE VALUE
by
N. Lambropoiilos
Because many people insist that Mr» Sellas cheated the purchasers of his church by selling it for ^7,500 instead of the three or four thousand it is really worth, I decided to investigate for the benefit of myself and my readers.
To accomplish my purpose, I found a real-estate estimator, a builder, a carpenter, an architect, and a painter. I took all of them over to the church, which fortunately was open. The first one I questioned was the realtor.
••Tell me", I said, **how much is this property v;orth?'»
- "^
Ill C - 2 - GRBEK
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17 Saloniki, July 12, 1S19*
He looked at it, measured it, thought a little bit, and said, ^This lot is used, it is of a previous era, and today lots like this sell for five cents a foot***
Then I addressed the architect. *'Tell me what you would charge to draw me a plan of a building such as this?**
wAre you asking me, how much I would charge now, or what the charge would have been thirty years ago?** he answered.
**Let us say, thirty years ago.**
•*liVell,** he said, **thirty years ago, paper, ink, and pencils were very cheap, and so I would have charged no more than a dollar and a half.**
"Can you tell me what you would give me for this building?** He looked at
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i-
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IV
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Saloniki> July 12, 1919
GRSHIK
it, and then took a mallet and began hitting the bricks • '^^Jhy do you hit those bricks?** I asked.
**I am trying to discover how many carats they are,** he answered with a smirk* •^These bricks," he finally said, **are made of sand and red dust, and they are of no value •**
I then asked the builder hov/ many days of work he estimated had been put in in the building of this structure •
^'Then," said he, **the working days were long, and it cojild not have taken three carpenters longer than a day and a half to accomplish it."
Then came the carpenter's turn*
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IV Salonlki . July 12, 191 9 •
••Can you tell me the approximate cost of such a building, as far as the carpentry work is concerned?"
•Tlfell,** he answered, ''thirty years ago the materials v^e used cost very little, and we used a very poor grade of v/ood, which today is not worth two cents. ••
•-and you, llr« Painter, v^hat have you to say?"
"Thirty years ago, we used a cheap oil in our paint, and instead of fine hair brushes, v/e used horses* tails. V/ell, you know you could buy a v/hole horse at that time for t\;enty-five cents."
After hearing all this, I asked them to have a secret conclave and ' r^ determine what they would ask if I wished to buy this building from them* ,,
^t "»
Ill C - 5 - GRSSK
TV Saloniki, Jiily 12, 1919 •
After a long, secret conference, they told me that the price would be $120,000* '^Jhatl", I said, "You yourselves estimated it to be v/orth no more than tv/enty-tv/o dollars •"
•^/ell, you see this is business," they replied* In other words, Mr. Sellas, who sold it for |27,500, doesn^t knov/ anything about business.
Ill G I C IV
GKEE
rv
Saloniki, June 21, 1319.
A .^JRaOliE HAS BEEN AGCOIviPLISHED
Willingness and sincerity of desire have made a become a fact.
inuch-talked-of possibility
The purchase of the church from Mr. George Bellas is a fact. The v.ould-be subscribers a^ia the selfish interests have failed. That v/hich could not be accomplished in tv-enty years by hundreds of the intelligentsia hcis been done and paid for by twenty uneducc.ted 'r.en.
Twenty men who received their training in the "School .of Life and Experience" and not in any university were unselfishly willing to make the necessary sacrifices. These twenty men, tired of waiting for the "social lights" to accomplish something, decided that the church must be bought. So they bought it. They organized themselves into a legal body, and each one began to reach into his pockets to taiie out fi"ve-hundred, and one-thousand dollar bills. Do you hear that? They took out $13,050 in cash — a sum which would not have been
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IV oaloniki, June 21, 1919,
collected by subscription in a hunared years
The rest of the money v^ill be raised by .iieans of stock, which v.e are sure v^ill be sold in entirety during the first v.eek it appears. This is called accom- plishment and the Saloniki is in favor of such fine accoiaplishment.
The church will be called "Koimisis Tis Theotokou".
Ill c
GffiSEK
Saloniki, July 6, 1918.
/jINJ^NGlAL STATiSfffiKT OF GREEK CHMBSE/'
Financial statement of the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church of Chicago for the first six months of 1918: ^
Assets:
i
Building and real property #34, 315. 91 '-
Furniture 788.00 yo
Icons 110.00 --
Cash on hand 425.62 ^
.^85,639,53
Liabilities:
Capital investment $57,459.22
Interest-bearing loan 21.000.00
School Committee 549.47
■> -»
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
Saloniki, July 6, 1918.
Elznwood Cemeteiy. •• •••••• l^OOO.OO
Non-interest bearing loans 650. 00
Poor fund 149.39
Profit and loss ..§80,805.08
4>854.45 4p85,639.53
Debits
Interest I 695.00
Servant 270. 00
Pastor • s salary 480.00
Secretary 240. 00
Candles 489.90
Books and printing 27 . 75
Choir leaders 455.00
Light and heat 309.40
—o
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Ill 0 - 3 - GPTOIK
Saloniki, July 6, 1918.
Miscellaneous ♦,. 215.29
$3, 182 .34
Profit & loss 4,854.45
Surplus $8,016.79*
Credits
Dance receipts ^ 539.75
Receipts 12.34
Donations.. 479.00
Graves 100.00
Other receipts 29.75
Picnic 18.00
Collections and candles 5,503.20
Memorial services ,. 83.00
IVeddings 148.00
Baptizings 430.25
Funerals 165.00
CO
en
Ill C - 4 - pRIlIE
Saloniki, July 6, 1918.
Burial ri.-^ts 120.00
Monthly registration fees. 588.00
#8,016,79
Chicago, June 31, 1916. A. Mazarakos, president of Church Board of Directors; A. Giannacopoulos, treasurer; G. Marinaicos, secretary
C3
LTJ
Ill c
III H
GREEKw
C;
Loxias, June 6, 1918, p. 2
w
o,
n.
CURIOUS THINGS.
THE GREEK BAZAAR
CONSn."S picture: bought FOR $5.25
The Greek Bazaar, which ended last week with great success, "brought to light many curious things.
<y
Merchants of all descriptions sent in many and various articles to be sold for the benefit of the Bazaar. Housewives ond young women sent in a great variety of handiwork laces, embroideries, woven blankets, rare fine Cretan work, and what not. But the most curious and the strangest article for sale was the picture of the Greek Consul-General of Chicago. The Greek diplomat as a contributor to the success of th^^ Bazaar deemed it advisable to send in his "oicture, set in an artistic five dollar frame, to be sold for the benefit of the Bazaar.
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/
Loxi&s, June 6, 1918
GREEK
O, <b//
The picture was not easily disposed of; indeed, there was no "buyer for such a article of houseware or hardware. And the "barker's hammer brought the price of the picture, with frame and screws included, to $5.25; that is, five dollars for frame and screws, as the barker advertised their cost, and twenty five cents for the picture of the diplomat.
Well, of course it is not the fault of the Greek Consul that his picture was so cheaply disposed of. The fault lies with the auctioneer, who sho\ild have known better and have said that the fr^in^ alone had cost $50 or $100 and not five dollars as was act\ially the case. Anyway, "barkers must set a limit to their cries, and when th<^^y see that an article is useless, they generally let it go for practically nothing in order to get rid of it. Well, the Bazaar must be satisfied, for the Consul's picture brought in twenty five cents. Better luck next time.
/
III c CxRthk
III Z 3 n
III 3 3 b Saloniki, Apr. 13, 191R.
Ill Ii A '^'^"-^
I B 4 .ciiLZERA^ic:! OF '1^12 Ti: STY-SI v:z:^i l;:\ /c/\
I G a]iti7j:rs.j^ cf (yKZ^: i::jm^-im^cz \o ^■^'■' '*
I C .Llr. Ccnstantine I^aminonas Ar)T)eals for the Third Libertv Lean v::V y/ IV
Last Sunday the ninety-seventh anniversary^ of Greek Independence was solemnly'' corinenorated and celebrated in all the Greek Orthodox Churches of Chicago.
It happened that on the same dav the Greek Orthodox Churches honored the Annunciation of Blessed I.:ary and the Adorn t ion of tne Cross, At all church services of the three Greek churches of Chicap'o there were hup-e crowds of people. Flov;ers were distributed by the priests.
In all churches, which had been beautifully decorated with Creek and Ar^eri- can flags, appropriate speeches v/ere delivered. The celebrations were es- pecially magnificent in the Metropolitan Church of Hol^^ Trinity, the pastor of v;hich is one of the nost distinguished clerp^men of Chicap-o, the Rirht
Saloniki , Apr. 13, 1918. Reverend Leon Pygeas. (5 i^^.Pi
o
01
In this church two speeches v/ere made. One speech, concerning the Liberty Loan campaign was made at the beginning of the sen'-ice by our distinguished citizen, scholar, and orator, LIr. Constantino Palaeologos I'lammonas, director of the Greek-Italian division of the c^reat Chicago Central Trust Company of Illinois, 125 West :.:onroe Street. Another panegyric was delivered after the doxology by the brilliant teacher /name not given/ of our greatest Greek edu- cational institution on the V/est Side. Speeches for the Liberty Loan campaign were delivered in the other churches also.
Below v/e are publishing the speech delivered by LIr. Constantine Palaeologos Ilammonas for the Liberty Loan. This speech was, as usual, given extemporane- ously.
**Right Reverend Father, Brethren in Christ: Today we are participating in
Ill C - 3 - QRHISK
Saloniki, Apr. 15, 1918.
two national and two religious celebrations. The two ecclesiastical cere-\ monies are the Annunciation of the Blessed T.Iary, and the Adoration of the \^^ Cross. The two national celebrations are the commeinoration of our Crreek National Independence, and the beginning of the great Liberty Loan drive for the preservation of American freedom.
'*The object and purpose of these four occasions which have so happily coin- cided are sacred and blessed, for they aim to ensure the blessings of liberty and humanity.
**The celebration of the Annunciation of the Blessed Mary is a sacred occasion, for it reminds us of the Lord's Angel, who descended from Heaven and appeared before Virgin Mary saying: 'Rejoice, thou hast been favored, the Lord is with youl ' On this occasion it was announced to the Virgin Mary that, through the grace of the Holy Ghost, she shall conceive the Savior and Redeemer of Humanity, the destroyer of idolatry.
Ill C - 4 - GREEK
Saloniki, Apr. 13, 1918. /?- .A
'^The celebration of the Adoration of the Cross is a sacred event, for by the Holy Cross and cinicif ixion we are reminded of the sufferings that Jesus '" Christ underwent and the patience that He demonstrated in His struggle for the sake of His divine principles. The Cross reminds us of the sacrifice He made for the prevalence and freedom of Christianity.
'^The celebration of our National Independence is also a sacred occasion be- cause, on the tvjenty-fifth of Ilarch 1821, the flag of our independence was raised in Agia Laura by Bishop Germanos, and the church bells together with the echoes of the guns announced to the tyrants the resurrection of the Greek people, and that they had decided to win their freedom.
'♦The celebration of the beginning of the Third Liberty Loan drive is also a sacred undertaking, because we are called upon to give our material and moral support for the construction and use of the means by which freedom will be returned to those Christian peoples that have been enslaved by the conqueror.
Ill C - 5 - GHSSK
Saloniki, Apr, 13, 1918. /\^ Vx
We are asked to frustrate the barbarous and anti-Christian aims of blood- ,^ v!' / thirsty subjugators of nations who are seeking by iron and fire to deprive ^n^'- . ' humanity of its freedom. We are seeking to re-establish and fortify the ideas of Christianity in a struggle against infidel barbarians and followers of Satan.
•* Another gentleman v/ill speak to you about the importance of the first three religious and national anniversaries. I have been asked by the Federal Lib- erty Loan Cornmittee, through its Greek division, to speak to you about the object and significance of the Third Liberty Loan. I deem it an honor and an imposed duty to do so.
^Again, gentlemen, the bell of liberty calls the loyal and devoted sons to their duty. The performance of this duty is demanded by our benefactor, our beloved adopted country, in which we are living and enjoying all the bless- ing* s of liberty, and in which we are reaping all those fruits which are be- ing justly distributed under the same laws to all the people of this great
Ill C - 6 -
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Saloniki, Aw. 13, 1918. ;'o .^ o'
and glorious country, \iith respect and in agony do all our brothers in our x!^^ >^^ homeland, the struggling peoples on the European and Asiatic continents, v/ho are fighting desperately, look to this country, expecting it to offer support in men and instruments of war. Support from this country will decide the disastrous war which is ravaging the entire world, and which bloodthirsty and tyrannical peoples have caused in order to subjugate and enslave us and the peoples of the earth.
"Loyal and faithful men, aroused by this bell's call to duty, are enlisting in the army and navy, ready to sacrifice themselves on the altar of freedom. Those who are not favored by being called to active service by the draft ballot, are asked to give their material support. Thus, we will eouip, sup- ply, and strengthen the soldiers who are fighting for our free-lom. In this way, we will obtain the means by v^^ich our cherished hope, the victory of our army and the defeat of the enemy, will be realized. This is the only way we can secure our freedom.
Ill C - 7 - GSSSE
Salonikl . Apr, 13, 1918.
"The bell is rung, warning us of the danger, by those of us who have been \ authorized to guard and provide for the three most precious possessions of our personal and national existence: that is, our life, our property, and our freedom, without which human existence is not possible or tolerable.
•*VJho are they? Our government. And what does it say to us? Exactly what our ancient Greek ancestors used to say: * There is need of money without which^nothing can be done.*
'*To whom will this money be given? To the government. And who is it ^/the government/? V/e, ourselves, who are being represented by it in nation- al and administrative affairs. '»fliy are they asking for this money? In or- der to protect and defend our national freedom and independence and, there- fore, for the serving of our o\sm interests.
/
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oalonikl , Apr. 13, 1918.
**And what is freedom? The absolute right to think and act according to -:V^'^^' ' the laws. V/hat is the advantage derived from justice? It is the most ab-^4> solute and greatest of all good, representing the happiness and v/elfare of the individual.
"Can there exist any moral, material, or national good without freedom? No, gentlemen, because freedom is the master of all these things. Is there any- one who will hesitate to offer a small part of his material wealth, which is inconsequential, and tolerate even the thought of losing his personal and moral freedom?
"'/Jho is so foolish and ignorant that he will not dare to spend a part to save the v/hole? Permit me to say, no one.
**But what does our government ask? The part or the whole? How is it /the mone][7 asked? To be donated or lent? By whom is this asked, and for v^at
^ ^
Ill C - 9 - gpi^F
Saloniki, Apr. 15, 1918. /^
purpose? These are the questions that I repeat to you. V^,
'*We are asked to give that part of our money v^ich v/e are able to lend for the protection of our freedom, happiness, and wealth. Are we under obli- gation to do this? Most certainly, and under a most sacred one at that, for we have gained our material prosperity in this land, vie live in this land, and with the help of this land, v/e will secure our freedom and pros- perity.
'*But, there may be some who will say to themselves: *VJe are Greeks and want to keep our money in our pockets or in our strong boxes to enjoy it when we return to Greece. •
^I will answer these gentlemen. It is true that we are Greeks by birth and descent and we should be proud of it, becauGe Greece v/as the cradle of civilization and the sacred temple of freedom. We must never forget, however.
I
Ill C - 10 - GHSSK
Saloniki, Apr. 13, 1918. - ^'A
/ that we are also American citizens; that v/e live and work in America. So \ . . /
we have two glorious fatherlands, t-ie one is our natural and the other our " ^" adopted country, both of vjhich we are proud of. Besides, both countries are struggling together with the same common purpose, the freedom and safety of their people, who are threatened by the great barbarous and Teutonic cata- clysm. By the money which is being given, even our fatherland will be bene- fited and relieved, for our adopted country will offer much-needed help to it,
"Under these circumstances, berinning tomorrow, all must hasten to buy Liberty bonds, which are sacred papers. The purchaser of a fifty-dollar bond must pay tv/o and one-half dollars dov/n and two dollars weekly for twenty- two weeks. On the last week, v/hich begins on October 14, 1918, :1)3.25 will be paid.
**I am v/illing to ansv/er any question in regard to the procedure of purchasing Liberty Loan bonds, for I am connected with the Central Trust Company of Illinois and have experience in sucu matters. So, I advise you to purchase
Ill C - 11 - >GREIEK
■Saloniki , Apr. 13, 1918.
these bonds because you are both helping your country and making a good safeVc, investment.
'*I announce to you with pleasure that Iiis Excellency the Ambassador of Greece to the United States, !.:r. George Rousos, is com.ing here to emphasize the im.- portance of the Third Liberty Loan campaign. He v/ill speak in Orchestra Hall, 216 South Michigan Avenue, so all must receive him vxith great pleasure, and respect. Paul Shorey, tae distinguisned Professor of Classics ai: the University of Chicago, v;ill also speak at this m.eeting. His TUxcellency the Governor of Illinois ma^^ also be i">resent. Jacque's fair.ous band of three hun- dred pieces v;ill play. Cn t::e sar^e evening, a dinner vail be riven in honor of Ambassador Rouses by the I'ational Security League in the m.a^nificent La Salle Hotel.
"Assured that you v;ill all do your duty, as r:ood patriots and true Americans, I urge you to buy the sacred Liberty bonds and I nov/ ask you to shout ;7ith me:
iJ • » '
III c - 12 - (yEUr^
3aloniki, Ar^r. 15, 1918.
Hurrali for Oreecel Hurrah for our f/lorious and great adopted countr^'^, Arierical Hurrali for Libertyr*
Tiae great crowd started shouting:: joyfully and enthusiostically, while the Reverend Leon P^'-geas and the excellent Church choir continued xnth the Church service with elaborate and nost imposing cerencnies*
ISl-S^ Loxias, Dec. 19, 1917. II D 10
I B 4 CURIOUS THINGS.
THE IftuORANT GREEKS AND THEIR WISE PRIESTS.
(Editorial)
As we have "been informed, last week five marriages and nine christenings were performed by our priests, who, collected $800 for seven hours' work (to be exact). The commercialized priesthood gathered by the collection- plate method $800 in other words a little over $114 an hour.
Very, very well, ignorant Greeks; you have started something here in America, and you will have to suffer for it. It is ridiculous and outrageous for the Greek clergy in America to get so much money above their regular salary. It is neither just nor wise to let the priest gain $1,000 a month and to allow the needy families of brother Greeks to go without proper aid. Greek widows and orphans who are too proud to ask Greek societies for help go to the City Hall and get bread, sugar, and coal to mitigate their suffering.
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Loxlas, Dec. 19, 1917.
VJ'-N
GBEEK
t
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Bravo ftreeks ! Yoxir habit of loading the priests with dollars will eventually corrupt our clergy, and they will no longer differ from the Vatican's highly commercialized priests of the Vatican.
Very few ttreeks in the city know how philanthropically the City Hall cares for needy orphans of every nationality. The Greek is of course a philanthropist, but not in the strictly Christian sense, for he is still a slave to papadocracy or priestcraft. He is so ignorant as to believe that the marriage ceremony and other things are religious sacraments, sanctioned by our Savior Christ.. .
And very few Greeks know that the methods practiced by Greek priests in Chicago* and elsewhere are not permitted by the Holy Synod of Greece. We advise the clergy not to abuse the ignorance of the people, for we will expose them to the ecclesiastical authorities.
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Loxias, Dec. 19, 1917. 5RBEK i-j
At last oiir sviggestions and urgings have begun to "bear fruit the minds of both the wise clergy and the ignorant laymen; for we were informed a few days ago that a wedding had taken place in the South Side community at which the s\im of $236 was collected, but the priest was allowed only $10 out of that, and the balance Was given to the groom to distribute to needy people for Christmas. Bravo!
Let us establish this as our regular procedure. This is philanthropy. The priests are well paid; a hundred dollars a month in salary and three or four times as much in gratuities is sufficient for a priest. My goodness! A thousand dollars a month is too much. If we cut' it down to four or five hundred dollars a month, a equal amount will be saved and made available for Christian charity.
Brother Greeks, go to the City* Hall said seek out the widows and orphans not only of Greeks but of all races and help these. That is philanthropy and true service to the Church.
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Loxias> Dec. 19, 1917.
aREEK
Our over-paid priests will verify this fact when you ask them for the information, Chi:- istmas- time, which is now aporoaching, it is the duty of each and every Christian to gladden the hearts of the poor, the needy, and the suffering.
Ill C GREEK
III B 2
III H Saloniki . Dec. 15, 1917.
OUR InEED for real NATIOlI/iL AND LOCi\L ORGANIZATION
(Editorial)
Any group of people, which wishes to be a progressive nation, conmiunity,
or even family, must be firmly united. This unified organization must be ^
run in a systematic manner in order to instill respect into other groups* 5
A group of individuals living together without precepts and organization ^^
will never make much progress, nor will they attain any cultural or F
scientific heights. ^
o This does not mean that any type of organization will serve the pixrpose. ^ On the contrary, it must be of a type best suited to serve the needs of S the particular group which is to be governed. The organization must be ^ analogous to the time, place, and the manner of life followed by the peo- ple. If the organization or management is not of the proper type, it is
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
III B 2
III H Saloniki, Dec. 15, 1917.
preferable that there be none; for a wrong kind of rule can do more harm than none at all. If no rule exists, at least the group will be governed by certain natural laws; which more or less govern the fate of man.
Daily world events, prove without a doubt that only the countries which have a government analogous to the needs of the people are progressing without the fear of social uprising. The strength of certain forms of government is so great that these governments crush all obstacles with ease; and lead us to believe that they can be compared with the lever of Archimedes, who said "Give me a lever and I can move the world".
Our race especially, although it has a national organization, is sadly lacking in local and community unity; and must find some acceptable system of government in order to survive in this country. So far our unity is torn asunder by exploiters, egoists and big -headed maniacs; so, in order to achieve xinity, we must remove these undesirable, self-appointed leaders
CO CD
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III B 2
III H Saloniki > Dec. 15, 1917.
and elect social-minded ones. Our leaders must be interested in the progress of our race in iimerica, and not in their own personal gain, i^e live in a country run by a fine governmental system, and it seems a pity that we Greeks cannot profit by its example*
V/e must learn to abide by the decision of the majority, as is logical; in- stead of forcing the v/ishes of a few upon the greater number, which unfor- tunately is characteristic of all Greek organizations. It is more fitting that an individual sacrifice his wishes to a system that will ultimately benefit the entire group, than that the opposite should be true.
o
The foundation. and the basic structure of a social system or organization is either religion or education—and usually both since they are inter- ^ ^ dependent. The former influences all members of any type of social organi- r^ zation. It uplifts the soul by its moral dogmas, and the mind is led into fine Spiritual channels* It counter-balances the tendency of humans
Ill C - 4 - GREEK
III B 2
III H Saloniki . Dec. 15, 1917.
to spend their mortal life on this planet seeking financial and material gains; in complete disregard of the finer but less lucrative ideals and ambitions. The latter causes the individual to grow cultxirally and intel- lectually. It enables an individual to use his faculties in a more ef- ficient manner. Religion and education should influence humans to be good Christians, interested not only in their immortal soxil and the future S life, but equally anxious about the impression they are going to leave upon ^ the earth by their thoughts and deeds. Llan must be worthy of the trust ^ placed in him by his creator. Everything on the earth, mobile or immobile, ^ is placed at his command and disposal, and he must prove himself worthy of ^ the trust. 2
Therefore an individual or group which has not as yet realized its true 5^ reason for existing, but still seeks for material gain, and completely ignores its social progress, is still in the wild animal stage, which is not governed by logic and which does not easily discern between right and wrong*
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III B 2
III H Saloniki, Dec. 15, 1917 •
In order that this condition may not become a reality in our oim society, it becomes a necessity for the church and school to set high standards^ The priests and teachers must realize the important part they play in the development of a community. They must be chosen because of their suita- bility as leaders; and not because they are influential or "know the right people" • Our major need at present is for priests of high moral standards^ leaders in their field, and worthy of following their sacred profession. They mist help the teachers perform their difficult task, a task vrtiich has overwhelming importance. They are molding the future citizens of America, and the future generations of Greeks.
When a nation, society or group does not have the proper religious and educational training, but has men who serve money instead of doing their duty, then what can you expect from it? l/7hat results will be obtained by a society trained and influenced by such individuals? Vftiat will happen to the government and organization of such a society? These are the questions, each society must answer; and I as a Greek, am primarily interested in the
o
CO
cr.
Ill c - 6 - Gmmz
III 3 -^
< -^
III li Saloniki > Dec. 15, 1917.
fate of my ov/n race in t/iis country and in Greece.
Hov; do you, "Lladan Society", expect to ret rich harvests fron a clergy,
v/hen its follov/ers are not conposed of men see'>:inc to ans.;er a sT)iritual
call, but of rnen v/ho are lazy or incapable of doinc anything else to earn
a livinf*, and have for this reason donned the clerical robes eoid proceeded
to exploit their fellow laen? IIov; can a man v;ith a doubtful past imbue
others ^vith a desire to do f^ood? How can a society exr)ect people to attend
a ohurch '-[lat is rpverned by a bo rd of trustees composed of icnorant, pre- ^
Judiced, biased, baclci.-xrd, exploiting individuals? V/hat can happen to a
society in v/hich dolts and brarcr^irts are influencing the public thoucJit
merely because the^^ possess a few more dollars than anyone else?
Our Greek societ^^ v;hich, from morning: until nicbt, critici'/.es and points out the defects and mistakes of other groups, blindly ignores the chaos v/ithin its churchsand schools. The dignity of our church is being trampled in the mud by the feet of its priests* The money poured into its coffers is being
ro
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III H Salonikl . Dec. 15, 1917 •
directed into other channels — usually their own pockets — by the members of the board. Our society is not paying heed to its Augean Stables that even a modem Hercules will have difficulty in cleaning.
Our church must exercise more care in the selection of men who pass into its service. Our monasteries in Greece must strive to create better im- pressions than they have left in the past, and must devote themselves to the rigid training of the neophyte priests
Today our church is the battlefield where a struggle between the few decent priests and the money-grabbing trustees is being fought. Usually, however, .^ the priest is hand in glove with the trustees; and on Sunday he blesses them for their wonderful, unselfish devotion to the Church.
For shame, society, to allow such a condition in your church! But do not forget that the results will fall entirely upon your neck! You seek a
Cjr
Ill C - 8 - GHBBK
III B 2
III H Saloniki, Dec. 15, 1917.
blessing from a clergy that has soiled hands; from a priest who automati- cally counts the dimes as they are dropped in the tray while he asks the Lord to forgive the sins of our little children.
Save yourself, society; do away with your unfit leaders or you will sink to a level so low that no power will be able to raise you. Truly, we Greeks need organization, but not the kind we have. Je need unselfish, progressive leaders to unify us.
r ••
Ill c
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GREEK
Loxias > Dec* 12, 1917.
GREEK PRIESTS IN CHICAGO
P. 2 - The Greek priests In America are not slow in catching up with the idea of "getting rich quick** and I should say they are fast workers. They are the "real McCoys'' when it comes to emptying the pockets of those ignorant Greeks who flock around the holy fathers and pay them plenty of dollars so they can pray or offer sacrifices to a capricious God for the salvation of the departed souls of their dear ones. It is really a shame the way we abuse Christianity. Anyway, on my part they are excusable because, "monkey does as monkey sees monkey do". They don«t know any better. Our Lord said, "Father forgive them, for they know not what they do"#
Authentic statistics show that each and every Greek priest in Chicago makes $12,000 a year in wages and tips. And this does not include the money that comes in from funerals, commemorations, extreme unctions, sanctifications, confessions and other things, God knows what, and amounting to at least $3,000 a year, making a grand total of $1 5,000 per year# Good business. I should say our priests are not pikers. The Holy Synod of the Church of Greece ought to
take notice.
Ill c -a. QBjng TTT
Loxias^ December 12, 1917
Why do things of this kind take place here in America and we tolerate it? V^c^^ ! Well, it is the spring fever of the era, all of us are doing it. Why hlame those poor priests, oiir religious servantSt who forsake everything in this world but the Almii^ty D*
m 0
XII H I G
GREEK
Loxias, Oct. 3, 1917»
VVPA (111; PKOj J0275
THE GREEK PROPAGAKM IN CHICAGO - DIVISION OF THE CHURCH - THE SOUTH ^ SIDE INQUISITORS - IHE PRIEST OF THE COmiUIHTY IS TRANS FERPuED TO BOSTON ^i«HERE THERE IS NO VACANCY - PRIEST REFUSES TO GO
?• 1 - As if it were not enough that Greeks are divided politically on account of the unpatriotic attitude of the deposed king, fate has decreed that they shall also be divided ecclesiastically. One calamity upon anotherl It is fated that the Greek shall not live without dissension. Yesterday it was dissension about the State; to-day it is dissension about the Church.
The Greek community of the South Side is in the throes of dissolution. For a long time the Satanic propaganda of the deposed King ate through the vitals of this populous and progressive body of Greeks. And the result is the present humiliation vrtiich afflicts the church and the threatened corruption of the community If the causes are not removed very soon.
The Rasputinian Synod of the Church of Greece in Athens, dominated by the puppet King, who serves the interest of his master, the Kaiser, has issued encyclicals to the Greek clergy in America exhorting them to be faithful to the
IfytSw': '■' f ' '--' . -.^i^Tyyjuiiji.i ■L.^'T*^"
*
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Loxias, Oct. §, 1917* WPA (HI.) PROJ 30275
King and to his Church, the Church of Greece. And those priests who dare to disobey the orders of Theocretos, president of the Rasputinian Synod^ are either unfrocked or transferred to another church where no vacancy exists for the purpose of humiliating the disobedient clergymen.
And one of these victims is the pious and very much esteemed Reverend Father Prousianos of the South Side church, who was ordered to go to Boston, where there is no vacancy. The Reverend Father Prousianos, complying with the request of the community council, refused to go. Of course disobedience of a priest to the ecclesiastical authority is rebellion against the Church, and consequently the rebellious clergyman must be punished.
All this is very well, and evevybody acknowledges the seriousness of the situation. But the ecclesiastical authority of Greece was under the domina- tion of the King and his Germanic propaganda. Theocretos* Synod under Constantino's pressure excommunicated and anathematized Eleutherios Venizelos as a traitor to the State. Greek communities in America, on the other hand, denounced King Constantine as a traitor to Greece and resolved to endorse Venizelos 's policies, proclaiming him the savior of Greece*
Ill H - 3 - GREEK
III C
I G Loxias, Oct. 3 1917. '' "^
^'■'- ('U.) PROl 30275
Greek communities in America pay their priests out of their own pockets, and consequently they become employers, and the priests are employees • In this way a priest, who supposedly must be free of political partisanship, is involuntarily thrown into the arena of politics • When people are divided, the poor priests, of necessity, must side one way or the other. Thus priests who are directed by their communities to follow Venizelos are classified as \incanonical because they disobey the order of the dominated Church, and on the other hand those ^vho obey the order of the Church, dominated by the King, are classfied as traitors to Greece, cowards, servitors, Germanophiles, and unpatriotic Greeks and many other epithets are applied to them by the oppo- sition«
The poor priests are between two fires. Vfhichever way they go, they are bound to be wrong and to become the victims of an appalling storm of vituperation and invective flung at them by either the Venizelists or the Royalists •
In the present anomalous situation neither the clergy nor the laymen are to blame. The Synod of the Church of Greece, which became Rasputinian, is alone
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GREEK
Loxias, Oct* 3, 1917»
WPA (ILL) FROJ 30275
to blame. The Greek Church never before in its history, in spite of outside influence or pressure brought to bear, swerved from its course as it has done now in the dark days of the Crown. The Greek Church in the past, remaining true and not deviating from its principles, maintained its dignity, integrity, and solemnity even under the bestiality and atrocious tyranny of the unspeak- able Turk. The pillar of Christendom lost oceans of blood but never before surrendered its Christian scepter to a reeling monarch, tyrant, or despot.
Of course here in the present case I must make a distinction. When we refer to the Greek Church the reference includes all the Greek churches in the world and their Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which is the head and sovereign authority of all the Greek Orthodox churches the world over, including many nations besides Greece. The jurisdiction qf the Greek churches in North and South America was given, not long ago, by the Ecumenical Patriarch to the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece. This present Synod, presided over by Theocletos, is the cause of the prevalent dissension among the Greeks in America because it chose to serve the interests of the King and his German propaganda instead of serving the interests of the nation as a whole. So our
- 5 - GREEK
Loxias, Oct. 3, 1917. ^^^ (lU..j mj.W^f
reference to the Greek Church is, in this case, directed at the Rasputinian Synod of Greece and not at the Ecumenical Patriarchate, which for centuries has stood out as the labarum of true Christianity.
The division of the people and of their churches will remain and will become disastrous unless the present Synod of the Church of Greece is replaced by another^ and the dignity, integrity, and sovereign power of the Church are restored*
The royal propaganda in the Greek conimunity of the South Side left nothing undone to divide the community into two fanatical camps • Some of the leaders of the Royalists are very well known to the publisher of this paper, and for the interest of the Greek name in general he advises them for the last time to be ashamed to permit themselves and their blind followers to act contrary to reason, decency, and honor, and deliberately or otherwise to conspire against the Government of the United States • Shame on you, fellow-Greeks I Do you not know, or do you pretend not to know, that the United States of America, our coimtry and our life, is at war with the Central Powers? Do you
- 6 -
GREEK
Loxias, Oct. 3, 1917.
W?A(lLL)PROi i^-i^
not know that your Royalist propaganda is German propaganda, that thus you are conspiring against the United States, in the interest of its enemies? Shame on you againl For the last time v/e send out this counsel, and if it is not heeded, it will be the sacred duty of this paper to inform the Government of the United States of your satanic activities and of your anti- Americanism. You are able to deceive your uninformed and innocent followers, but, vfe inform you, you cannot deceive the Government.
This Greek propaganda in Chicago must cease at once; clergy and laymen must be united as one body in support of our adopted country. And undoubtedly the Venizelos Government in Greece will replace the president of the Synod, TheocletoB, and his kind, and harmony and unity will reign again.
Ill C GPFTRK"
IV
Saloniki , Aug. 4, 1917 •
W3GT SIDE CIIUHCH
The members of the Holy Trinity Church held a large parish meeting in Bowen Hall at Hull House* The chief subject under discussion v;as the replacement of the fire-swept church building.
The president insisted that the building should be rebuilt. He was opposed by LIr. Javaras, LIr. Llatiatos, and Llr. Petropoulos, v/ho fought for a new church building, to be built next to the Greek school. Hov/ever, the suggestion of the president v/as accepted by the gathering, and four thousand dollars was pledged for his plan. LIr. C. Salopoulos was placed in charge of the money and of the remodeling plans. He suggested that the front of the house at 738 Sibley Street be remodeled, and that a hall for meetings and dances should be built v;ithin it. For the present it could serve as a place for holding church services.
Back of the house, the foundations for a magnificent church could be laid; and so the church, the hall, and the school could be close together. Since the
CO
Ill c II A 1
HAS
(Editorial)
Loxias, July 25, 1917. THE WEST SIDE &HEEK CHURCH.
GJBEXE
m-
Loxl as for the first time in its history will go against its established rule and meddle in the affairs of a community* Becan«'e of the destruction by fire of Holy Trinity church the community is nent -aainder with discussions for and against a new and larger church.
Some maintain that the community cannot afford to build a new church and that consequently it is necessary to repair what is left of the old one. Others say that a new and much better church must be built to meet the growing needs of the commninity, and as to the cost, which according to plans will exceed $80,000 the community's credit is good, aM it can borrow the money needed.
The discussions pro and con are so heated that an explosion may occur at any time. Both sides of the argument are absolutely right. Those of one faction are very conservative, knowing that the treasury has no money for a new church and averring that we must be contented with the necessary repairs, etc., tmtil the treasury is in a flourishing condition.
Ill C - 2 - GHSBK
IV
Saloniki, Aug. 4, 1917.
old church building is in a poor and dirty neighborhood, it should be sold.
The governing council of the church is going to examine this suggestion further,
and decide whether or not it should be accepted.
The Saloniki feels free to express its own opinion of this plan of building a new church. In the first place, the burning of the old church gives the Greek church the opportunity of withdrawing from a neighborhood that, to put it mildly, reflects upon the entire Greek comiaunity.
Another meeting will be called next month in order to hear the report of the comioittee*
GrBEXK.
^^ ^ Loxias, Jul7 25, 1917,
n A 1
II A 2 THE WEST SIDE GKEEK CHURCH. ^
(Editorial)
^Q^^ ^g for the first time in its history will go against its established rule and meddle in the affairs of a coamninity. Becanre of the destruction by fire of Holy Trinity church the community is iBnt *asinder with discussions for and against a new and larger church.
Some maintain that the community cannot afford to build a new church and that consequently it is necessary to repair what is left of the old one. Others say that a new and much better church must be built to meet the growing needs of the communityt and as to the cost, which according to plans will exceed $80,000 the community's credit is good, and it can borrow the money needed.
The discussions pro and con are so heated that an explosion may occur at any time. Both sides of the argument are absolutely right. Those of one faction are very conservative » knowing that the treasury has no money for a new church and averring that we oust be contented with the necessary repairs, etc., until the treasury is in a flourishing condition.
•2-
Loxlae. July 25, 1917. ^^"- <^,y &RTBBK
They maintain that the coanunity needs many things, hut that because of lack of funds things must moTe slowly and steadily. Their argument is admirable and they are perfectly ri^t*
On the other hand the progressiTes, as they are called, maintain that since the community is growing and expanding with the advance of this new era and its ever-increasing needs, so likewise the community's institutions must grow and expand, modified and adjusted to the requirements of a new and progressive age» Chicago is growing, progressing, and keeoing pace with the spirit of the times; therefore the Greek community must do likewise and meet the requirements of the upward trend* And so far as the needed money is concerned » the community mmet borrow it as other enterprises do when thas/begin to build« The money needed is not on hand* When the new church is biiilt, it will be an incentive to the parishoners to keep up the payments on the debt incurred. The community is not poor, and it is the largest of the Greek communities in Chicago. We must have co\irage to go ahead and fiave faith in our ability to repay money borrowed. We will mortgage the church, and it will pay for itself. That is the progressive spirit of to-day. Do not be too old-fashioned; meet the demands of the times, etc. Their argument is also perfectly sound.
Loxias, July 25, 1917. %'^ ^ GREEK
Things are in 80 inflammable a state that it requires only a match to start a great conflagration* And if the explosion really comes, church, school, and our children must suffer a great setback* Neither side will give ground. Right here Loxias goes against its principles and steps in to avert the anticipated calamity. It may be such a catastrophe that coming generations will feel the effects of it*
lipxiae suggests that the church does not belong exclusively to the church-goers but to every one, to the whole community* Other n^embers of the community may not go to church so often as those who are members of the church, nevertheless, they should be consulted and asked to participate in a general church meeting* This meeting must include all the Greeks of the community, regardless of their station in life* Laborers, businessmen doctors, lawyers, teachers, housewives, priests, and above all coffee house proprietors (who never go to church) should come together* Put the proposition up to the whole assembly* Get everybody interested in it, and let all decide what is the best course to follow* When the whole community becomes interested, then responsibility appears and responsibility is the key to obtaining the needed money if the decision is for a new church*
Loxiaa. July 25, 1917. X?l J-4hEEK
There ie no doubt that the money could be obtained » and, that the new church could be built to satisfy the desire of one faction, but there must be unity^ and the only way to have unity^ amity, and peace is to consider the affairs of the community as the property of all* to make the members of the community realize and feel that it is their common property, and that it is the duty of all and to the interest of all to take care of that property. The difficulty whole community becomes interested* Let everybody vote for or against a new chtirch; let everybody realize the importance of his vote and the consequences of the outcome one way or the other* When everybody is interested in a church or in any public enterprise^ that church or other enterprise will not atrophy or lose its vitality* The interest of the whole community is the best interest and the most enduring also*
It is easy to obtain a loan to build a new church, but loans have their responsibilities, and the responsibilities must be shotildered not hy a few but by all the members of the community. Therefore make all the people of the community interested and consequently responsible*
-5-
Loxias, July 26, 1917.
f;^ v.: C >
aBEBE
■«M»M
Loxias^ suggestions are not one-sided and are not intended to hinder the activities of the conmninity. They were given without any request hy either side^ and if they serve the purpose, well and good; if not, they may be dis- regarded. It is the sincere desire of this publication to avert a possible division in the community of the West Side, and if the plan suggested is inadequate, let \is Invent another plan which is better, but let us remain \mited. In union we shall find the solution*
Ill C GrRMK
Salonikl , May 19, 1917.
MESTIITG OF VEST SIDS PARISH
The general meeting of members of the I7est Side Church took place last Sundajr. At the meeting the board of directors of the Church submitted a financial re- port of the last six months. This report showed that the increased zeal of the board, and the intensified interest of the Church members in the affairs of the parish, had resulted in a one-thousand-dollar increase in assets over the pre- vious year. The board also voted that the charter or constitution of the Church should remain as it is for the next five years.
The Saloniki congratulates the board of directors and the Church community for their sincere efforts and unselfish accomplishments.
Ill c I A 2 a IV
GREEK
Salonlkl , Mar. 3, 1917.
SeHOOL BENEFIT DANCE
On George i»/ashiiigton* s birthday, last Thursday, February 22, the school benefit dance of Holy Trinity Church took place. It i«as held in the Coliseum Annex and was a marked success. The boeo^d of directors of the Church, and the Reverend Leon Pygeas made all arrangements for the affair long in advance, so as to avoid a last-minute confusion. The Kail was deco- rated with flower e and American and Greek flags. Flowers were offered for sale to all who entered, by some of the ladies of the Church.
A fine orchestra under the baton of the well-known musician, Mr. Spyros Becatoros, played Greek and European music; stirring the hearts and the feet of even the most sedate. The dance itself was in the charge of Mr. G. Becharas, coffee- jobber, who bore his responsibilities with a smile. The grand march began exactly at midnight; but before it began a raff el was held. The prize, a
-->->
III C - 2 - OR^EK I A 2 a
IV Salonlki, i.ar. 3, 1^17.
Venetian hand-made cloth donated by Hev. Pygeas, vvas won by Ivlr. Skordillis; who presented it to I.Irs. J. Agriostathis,
The proceeds oiT the dance were satisfactorily large; and socially the dance was also a success.
One point we .vish to bring out is that on this same night the North and South Side Churches also held dances. These churches should get together in a friendly spirit and arrange to hold their affairs on separate dates; because this throat-cutting, dog-eat-dog attitude is going to ruin everyone con- cerned in the welfare of the churches. The Churches should at least practice courtesy and consideration o^' others if they do not feel brotherly-love for one another.
Saloniki extends its congratulations to the priests, the Board of Directors, and the guests who attended the dance.
Ill C GRSSK
I A 2 a
Saloniki, Jan. 13, 1917 •
SOUTH SIDE CKURCK DANCE
Last Monday night the South Side Greek Church, St. Constant ine, gave its long- awaited, school-benefit dance. It was given in the impressive Casino Garden in \Vhite City. The sincere efforts of the RevereM T. Prousianos and the church board, resulted in over fifteen hundred people attending the dance..
. •
The proceeds of the dance were estimated at over two thousand dollars. The purpose was a worthy one, so that all who attended, and those that worked to make it a success, deserve congratulations.
Ill 0 GILiIiiiK
III B 3 b
IV Saloniki, Sept, 2, 1916.
UI^ORG jrJ.^LS OUTIiIGS St. Oonstantine, ^vangalisiaos, and Holy Trinity Give Picnics on St. Mary's Day
Monday, August 28, v;as a day of great festivity and rejoicing among the Greeks of Chicago. Over 1,500 people filled the romantic Gardner's Park on the South Side. Music v/as played, Lhe wine flov;ed, and the spirits rose; as the tables were set underneath the trees. Averjone mingled harmoniously with his neighbors on this sacred day. The board of trustees composed of Mr. ". :jomicus, president. .. .v;orked industriously to help everyone enjoy himself. This picnic v;as a complete social success, and will not soon be forgotten.
Hcly Trinity and IiIvanKelismos Churches combined forces and gave a wonderful outing at the Jlectric Park ?/hich was attended by the iVest Side and North Side residents of Chicago. The boards of both churches v;orked to make the affair a great success. Some of the v/ell-lcnovm members are, .C. Salopoulos,
Ill C - 2 - GRiiiii
Iv
III B 3 b
^ Saloniki , Sept. ^3, 1916.
N. Lalangou, J. Agriostathis, and B. Doiika.
ICnowing that the picnics were given to aid the Greek churches, the people spent their money freely.
.■;e doubt if one Greek faiaily failed to attend one of these Dicnics given on a day which is most sacred to all Greeks. The people aeard the music of their fatherland and watched the spirited native dances, and felt that they were again in their beloved and beautiful Greece.
Ill C GREj5K
I B 4
Saloniki, Aug* 12, 1916.
UlJI7IC:/nCN OF ClIUHCH PARISHES
(Editorial)
Jk proposal has been made to centralize control of uhe various parishes of the Greek Orthodox Church in Anerici, with the follov/ing objectives in view:/
1. To regulate wages of priests in all the parishes.
2» To prevent an undesirable priest, v.'ho has been asked to resign from one parish, from being accepted by another.
3. To rearrange the parishes so that the entire city may be covered and no section be without a parish.
4. To standardize the ritual, and to settle certain questions which cause trouble among the parishes.
Ill c
I B 4
- 2 -
Saloniki, Aug. 12, 1916 •
GREEK
If the Holy Synod of Greece, for reasons either religious or political, does not see fit to send us a bishop to govern the hiindred Orthodox churches in America, why shouldn^t the governing boards of the churches themselves attempt to improve matters? Today, governments are established by the people • Of course the religious aspects are supposed to be taken care of by those *^on high**. But, since we await help from "on high'* to no avail, it is our duty to insure the life and progress of cur Orthodox Church to the best of our ability.
By this I mean that the one hundred parishes in America should have a centralized control which v/ould determine policies and regulate use of certain sacred rituals. Certain priests take advantage of the present disunited condition of the churches, and aid in the formation of cliques and groups which, by fighting against one another, prevent unification and agreement. When these priests become unwelcome they simply exchange places with some other priest. If the churches were united, this could not happen. A priest doing anything wrong in ono parish would be forbidden to wear the robe, and he would be judged by a central council.
Ill c I B 4
- 3 -
Saloniki, Aug. 12, 1916
GREEK
A regulation salary would prevent certain priests frcra inaking the rounds of the churches in order to discover the most lucrative parish. An example of this sort of conduct can be found in the case of our own Reverend A. Mandilaris, who left Chicago and went to Kansas City, and from there to Salt Lake City; we do not doubt that he will have completed his tour of America within five years. Unification of the parishes will prevent such a thing from occurring. Each priest will be assigned to a parish, and will not be answerable merely to himself or to the parish for his actions. He will be directly responsible to the central group. . • • •
When this centralization takes place, a great burden will have been lifted from the shoulders of our people.
We editors of Saloniki are trying to illuminate this condition, not because we are scandalmongers, but because our hearts ache for the plight of the
Greek ch\irches«
j
III c I B 4
GREEK
Saloniki, Aug, 12, 1916. WPA (lU ■ PP!.5 'n/?-
UNIFICATION OF CHURCH PARISHES (Editorial)
/a proposal has been made to centralize control of the various perishes of the Greek Orthodox Church in America, with the following objectives in viewjT
1. To regulate wages of priests in all the parishes.
2# To prevent an undesirable priest, who has been asked to resign from one parish, from being accepted by another.
3« To rearrsjige the parishes so that the entire city may be covered and no section be vrithout a parish.
4. To standardize the ritual, and to settle certain questions which Cause trouble among the parishes.
^^^ C - 2 - GREEK I B 4
Salcniki, Aug. 12, 1916. ^Wi (Ui) PR-v. 302/5
If the Holy Synod of Greece, for reasons either religious or political, does net see fit to send us a bisliop to govern ths hundred Orthodox churches in America, why shouldn«t the governing boards of the churches themselves attempt to improve matters? Today, governments are established by the peo- ple. Of course the religious aspects are supposed to be taken care of by those ••on high^*. But, since we await help from ••on high'^ to no avail, it is our duty to insure the life and progress of our Orthodox Church to the best of our ability.
By this I mean that the one hundred parishes in America should have a cen- tralized control which would determine policies and regulate use of certain sacred rituals. Certain priests take advsjitage of the present disunited con- dition of the churches, and aid in the formation of cliques and groups which, by fighting against one another, prevent unification and agreement. IThen these priests become unwelcome they siii5)ly exchange places with some other priest. If the churches were united, this could not happen. A priest doing 'anything yrrong in one parish would be forbidden to wear the robe, and he v/ould be judged by a central council.
Ill C - 3 -
I B 4
Saloniki, Aug, 12, 1916.
GREEK
A regulation salary W)uld prevent certain priests from making the rounds of the churches in order to discover the most lucrative parish. An example of this sort of conduct can be found in the case of our own Reverend A» Man- dilaris, who left Chicago and went to Kansas City, and from there to Salt Lake City; we do not doubt that he will have completed his tour of jtoerica •within five years. Unification of the parishes will prevent such a thing from occurring. Bach priest v/ill be assigned to a parish, and will not be answerable merely to himself or to the parish for his actions. He will be directly responsible to the central group.
•When this centralization takes place, a great burden will have been lifted from the shoulders of our people.
We editors of Saloniki are trying to illuminate this condition, hot because we are scandalmongers, but because our hearts ache for the plight of the Greek churches.
III C G-HP.5K
II D 10
IV Salonlkl , July 15, 1916.
GR^SK PARISIES OF CHICAGO
(Editorial)
During the past year the Saloniki has printed article after article urging the Greek church parishes of Chicaf:o to unitq. The benefits of such a procedure have been pointed out to the priests and boards of trustees, time after time. We have placed great emphasis upon tliis unification because it will be easier for the united parishes to combat the evils that now, so boldly, threaten our religion.
One of the greatest threats to our Orthodox religion is the spread of evange- listic propaganda, that is turning sorrie of our people from their Greek religion. These evangelists are found in all kinds of public centers; in coffee shops, restaurants, cafes, and even in our churches themselves. The}'' sneer at our icons and insult our L^adonna. If we want to eliminate these would-be con- verters from our midst, we iriust present a united front.
III C - 2 - QRgBK II D 10
IV Salonlki. July 15, 1916.
It is true that we have been aided by certedn progressive and responsible members of the clergy. Reverend C. Hadzldlmltrlou wrote many articles denouncing the traitors and advising the Greek people to Ignore them and their subversive propaganda.
Recently we have not published any denunciatory articles; so our friends, the S
propagandists, have come out from hiding, and are beginning their activities ^
again. Like all deadly microbes, they are hard to kill because they are so r;
good at hiding in dark comers. Curiously enough, they are indirectly aided -a
by the priests and trustees themselves. These officials quarrel among then- o
selves and go so far as to make Insinuating remarks about ^ach other's/ co
character and morals. Naturally, the evangelists, who seek ammunition to use S
"^j
against the Greek church emd its officials, avail themselves of such a fine ^ opportunity to create dissension.
If these evangelists are to be conquered, the three churches and their respective trustees must unite haimoniously and with dignity, to overcome this evil
III C - 3 - GP™^ II D 10
IV Salonlkl. JvOLj 15, 1916.
influence. No one man or church can do it alone* We mixst build an impenetrable fortress t composed of the whole Greek population of Chicago.
As a result of a long series of articles, the churches finally started a fiind %
for the benefit of needy families. During the year, many poor people have been ^
aided by this fund. However, a strange system has been seen to prevail. Certain ^
poor families have received none of the aid they applied for, while other families ^
have made it a habit to ask for help, and have received it, not only from one, 3
but from all three churches S
Unfortunately, this is not our only criticism of the manner in which this fund is handled. As yet there has been no rendering of keeping of accounts. No one knows how much money has been collected for this charity fund, and no one has kept an account of who received the money. It is impossible for such a fxmd to continue to exist if this condition is not remedied immediately.
We accomplished another good thing by our series of articles. The various
III C - 4 -
II D 10
IV Saloniki , July 15, 1916.
Greek church affairs are n: lonf:er held on the sanio niehts. Thank goodness,
that awful situation has been eliminated. Iiaarine three churches giving a
dance or a picnic on the sa^ie day — not accidentally, but purposely — in order
that the affairs of the otl:.er churches should fail. The fact that each church
was cutting off its nose to spite its face did not stop them. Now the churches "^
co-operate and do not allow their social affairs to conflict. lis a result, the ?
affairs have been nuch more successful and nrofi table than they were in the <-
past. 3
o
Problems that demand immediate solution still face our Chicago churches. All ^ of therri can be solved if the three parishes work as a unit. Scandals and arguments must be eliminated, so that our enem.ies val^ not be given ammunition with which to fight us
The Svangelismos Church should found a Greek school, as the other two churches have done. Tlue Greek doctors should start planning a Greek hospital. These things are not hare to accomplish. Leadership and initiative are the most important requirements. V/e have enough money in the community to accomplish these things.
en
III C -gREEIC I A 2 a
IV oaloniki , June 3, 1916.
IvIEV; V;0^IEN'3 GLQB FOEIJCD
The ladies in the St. Gonstantine Parish have formed a society. This organi- zation was formed for the specific purpose of helping the Oreek school and . the church.
Reverend Theodore Prousianos suggested that this society be organized. The f—
follov/ing officers were elected at the last meeting: Mrs. Maria Gontos, <Z
president, Lrs. P. Rekas, vice-president, and Llrs. A. Zoe, secretary. ^
o
The ladies are going to raffle off a silver fruit dish in order to raise ^
enough money to buy a bishop^s throne for the church. They will need about C:^
4;;450 for this purpose. ^'
III C GREEK I A 2 a
IV Salonlki. May 13, 1916.
ST, CONSTANTINE CHURCH Amazing Progress of This Church's Parish
Conclusive evidence of the patriotism and religious spirit of the Greek people can be found in the many Greek Orthodox Churches in America. This spirit has always been strong in the Greek race, vidiether it has been free, enslaved, or, as now, as immigrants to this country.
When the Greek people were free and powerful, they built the famous Saint Sofia and thousands of other Byzantine churches and monasteries*
The enslaved Greeks ^fought ferociously and died gallantly, *♦ according to the words of a demotic song — '♦for the sacred faith of Christ, and the freedom of the fatherland.^
The Greek immigrants built over one hundred churches in a period of fifteen years. One of these churches is the South Side Church of
III C - 2 - GREBK I A 2 a
IV Salonlkl, May 13, 1916.
Chicago, Saint Constantine. In a short time this church will be com- pletely paid for, and will stand as a beautiful tribute to orthodoxy and the patriotism of the Greek immigrants.
Thousands of dollars are spent, smd they all come trcm the pennies con- tributed by God-fearing Hellenes. But these pennies are not spent care- lessly or thoughtlessly; — and today St. Constantine supports a Greek school accomodating one hundred Greek children.
He do not intend to give a financial report, because that can always be obtained from the board of trustees • Today we take this oppor- tunity to congratulate the officials of the Church, because we consider it our duty to do so. They repaid |3,325 to various kind persons who had lent money to the Church a few years ago. Besides that they re- duced the Church's debt to fifteen thousand dollars.
The board has justified the faith and trust the people placed in them
in regards to the financial matters of the Church. This was shown during ^
III C - 3 - GREEK I A 2 a
IV Saloniki, May 13, 1916.
the Easter week services, when the collections amounted to nine hundred dollars more than the sum collected last year* The names of these trustees, which belong on a roll of honor, are: John Papanastasiou, president; Theodore Sperison, vice-president, Athan, Balis, treasurer; Michael Petropoulos, secretary; and S. Rekas, N. Nomicos, N. Karafotias, Peter Ladas, N. Bekinis, P. Vasilopoulos, •
• • • •
We have been informed that the Church is about to purchase a cemetery, to be used exclusively for Greek people. If this is done, the Church will have made an outstanding contribution to the Greek ccmnunity of Chicago. Not only eire the church officers deserving of thanks and plau- dits; but the patriotic parishioners are also, as they are the real heroes of the day. They made these achievements possible, by giving their whole- hearted support; and vAiat is even more important, they gave their hard- earned nickels and dimes to make this the finest church in Chicago.
However, it would be a serious mistake if we were to omit the name of the respected priest of the Church — Reverend Theodore Prousianos. Much of
III C - 4 - GREEK I A 2 a
IV Saloniki, llay 13, 1916.
the credit must be given to him, because he worked zealously and earnestly for the progress of his parish.
The school of the parish is well-conducted and its standards are kept very high. It is under the direction of Mr, P. Demopoulos, who is fully capable of fulfilling such a responsible task.
This is the condition of St. Constantine Church. We honestly feel that it is the outstanding Greek parish in Chicago. We hope that the good work will continue.
[ III c
GHEEK
Lorias, Jan» 5, 1916. J^-Mi'rii '^^^
WHAl^ IS l-HE RELI&ION OF THE OREEKS?
p. 2- Time and time again the following question has been asked: "What religion do the Crreeks profess?**
People the world over are \inaware that the Oreek religion is the real Christian religion, for such is the Greek Orthodox Church. History tells us that the Greeks were the first people to accept amd adopt Christ's Christifitnityt which explains the well-known fact that the Apostles chose the Greek language in which to write the Gospel.
The Romans, who always strove to follow or to imitate the wise Greeks, adopted not only the Greek mythology and its Grecian gods hut also the theology of the East, which was spread through the universally spoken Greek lauiguage and the universally accepted Greek civilization. People of all races, speaking the Greek tongue, became Christians, and since Christianity forbade any combination with pagans, the Christians avoided social intercourse with them.
- 2 - &REEK '
a
Loxias, Jan. 5, 1916. /
Mistrust, auitagonism, ana hatred were aroused, auid cruel persecutions followed. From the days of Nero to the fourth century many persecutions of Christians are recorded. Such was the reception of CSiristianity in pagan Rome.
In spite of numerous persecutions Christianity made steady progress, and Constant ine, the first emperor of the Byzantine Empire, elevated it to the rank of a state religion. From this time on the constitution of the Christian church took on a new form. Whereas before the elders and the bishops had been chosen from the whole church community, and the principle of brotherly equality among all Christians was held in honor, now the clergy separated from the laity and introduced degrees or ranks, so that the bishops of the principal cities were placed over the other bishops as metropolitans, with jurisdiction over the clergy in their immediate domains. The church services also, which theretofore had consisted only of singing, praying, and reading the Bible, were made more solemn and more imposing by the aid of music and other arts. The Byzantine music was then introduced and adopted.
- 3 - OBEEK t J fr'hA. ^^.^
Loxias, Jan. 5, 1916. '^•^
The doctrine of Christianity did not remain in its original simplicity and purity for long because many learned and enlightened people made it the subject of their meditation and inquiry. The first question which they raised was. "What is the relation of Christ to Sod?'* and they pondered over "the incomprehensible auad mysterious combination of His diyine and human nat\ires."
On these questions vehement disputes arose between Arius, the Alexandrian ecclesiastic, and the great Athanasius. Arius maintained that Christ, the Son of Gtod, was inferior to the Father and dependent upon the Father, while Athanasius laid down the principle of the Holy Trinity in one entity, composed of Father, Son, and Holy (xhost as one indivisible unity, and he asserted that the Son, the second Person of the Holy Trinity, is not inferior to the Father but the same as the Father.
Constamtine convoked the first ectimenical synod or general church congress at Nicaea, 323 A.D., to lay down the law in regard to these opposed opinions and doctrines* This first universal synod, after careful study and meditation, declared the opinion of Athanasius to be the true orthodox
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faith of the Choirch, But the I'eutonic races, the Goths, the Vandals, the Longobards ana others, to whom Christianity had been broii^t by Arieux missionaries, continued to profess Ariatnism, the creed of Arius, for a century or more and were therefore excommunicated and driven out as heretics from the C^itholic (universal) Church*
Many people, even now, misunderstand the word catholic because of the Catholic denomination. Let it be known and understood now and forever that the name Catholic Church was adopted by the first ecumenical synod to denote the followers of Athanasius in contrast to the Arians, the followers of Arius. The word catholic is p\irely a Greek word and means ecumenical, that is, universal.
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This was the first schism aunong Christians.
At this time in all Christendom there were five bishops with metropolitan scepters, the Metropolitans of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Rome, the first four governing the four parts of the Eastern Church and the last one the entire Western Church. Constantinople,
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being the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, automatically became the capital city also of Christianity and of the domain of Christendom.
Rivalry between the Eastern Church and the Western Church ran high for a number of centuries* Constantinople and Rome competed for priority and pre-eminence. Rome called its Bishop Pope, and Constantinople's Bishop was called Patriarch* Pope in Greek is papas, that is, priest; any priest of the Greek Church is papas or pope* Patriarch means an elder, the father of a family or of a race which he rules. 'i*hus the Patriarch of Constantinople was so named because he ruled the entire domain of Christendom.
Leo III., the Bishop or Pope of Home, rebelled and demanded supremacy over Photios, the Bishop or Patriarch of Constantinople. Photios, the ruler of Christendom according to age-old tradition, convoked the second ecumenical synod in Constantinople in the year 867* At this second ecumenical ecclesiastical council of the Christian churches it was resolved that the Pope of Rome should not be the supreme ruler. The
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Loxias, Jan. D, 1916.
Ectunenical Patriarch of Constantinople still maintained, as he had done from time immemorial, his priority. The congress also deno\mced as heresy the insertion of the words filioque and the prohibition of priestly marriages.
Thus came the ••great schism** of the Eastern and Western Churches. From now on the Bishop or Pope of Rome refused to recognize the decisions of the general councils and named the Western Church the Homan Catholic Church and himself the hi^est authority of that Church. So the Western Catholic (universal) Church now became the Homan Catholic Church, and the Eastern Church, in order to express the true (orthodox) faith of its followers and not to be confused, with the Pope^s heresy, took the title of Holy Eastern Apostolic (xreek Orthodox Church. In ordinary speech it is called the Greek Orthodox Church, and it has under its scepter more than 150,000,000 Christians.
It is worthy of note that the Greek Church never did revise or alter the gospel and the rest of Christ's holy teachings and sayings. In all Greek churches the gospel is read as it was originally written by the Evangelists and the other Apostles.
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LoxiaSt Jan. 5» 1916.
So the Roman Catholic Church is a rebellious daughter of the Greek Church, the true Church of Christ* And this is the religion of G-reeics the world over*
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SOCIAL FROBLSUS Letter Br Reverend C« Hadzidimitriou on Greek Schools
The value of an education for all persons, can only be denied by people ^Alo have no social consciousness.
Schools are of especial importance to the Greeks in America. The church and the state are entirely independent of one another, in order that religious freedom might prevail. In accordance with the laws of the country, religious training is not given in the American public schools. Therefore schools, es- pecially i>arochial and Sunday schools, are not only necessary, but they are of major importance; for without any religious training, people become un- believers and scoffers.
This is the reason that has caused all creeds to build their own schools; in which the children are taught Iqr priests or by ministers. The children edu- cated in such schools, grow up well- trained, and familiar with the dogma
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and precepts of their creed. They are careful of their morals and their behavior. They have a deep respect for the wishes and words of their elders. They are ever-willing to offer their services for the benefit of the church or the community; and in genercd they are interested more in the ,^ ccnmion welfare than in their own personal interests. ^
We who have a religion and a language to keep alive do nothing. Other peo- p pie study our language because they realize its beauty and cultural values; ^ while we consider it degrading to speak our own language. g
What educational facilities do we have? Parishes without schools. Where
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schools do exist, only the grace of Grod keeps them alive, and half -worthy ^ of the title.
What do our priests do about this? Priests! Which priests? Do we have priests? Or are you, perhaps, thinking of certain beings, who have been tolerated by society as necessary evils? Exploiters and worthless creatures, who seek an easy life at some one else*s expense.
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It is true that the majority of priests are fully capable of understeuid- ing the finer and higher requirements of society. They should, because they have been trained in their vocations and the beliefs of the Church. The priests know the refined and dignified ideals of the Greek dogna; and they are taught to carry on and uphold these ideals in their careers as priests.
Truthfully, how many have seriously considered whether or not the clerics in America are permitted to carry out the Ecclesiastical program as they have been instructed? Is it fully comprehended, that often they are in the same position as one who is told to build a fire, but is given no fuel or flame?
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1 sincerely believe that they enter their chosen vdoations, zealously and -^
fanatically devoted to the upholdance of these ideals. It is not an easy "f
task, for the priest is held responsible for the fullfillment of the <Z
Churches purposes and programs. He is also considered a representative of ^
his religion, and, as such, is able to influence large groups of people; ^
therefore he must be meticulous in his words and actions. ^
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Do the Greek people realize that the chorches are governed as if the7 were brotherhoods? Do they know that a priest has very little to say about the church he is supposedly in charge of? Do they know, that he is at the mercy and command of a board of governors or trustees, which, in most cases, is composed of backward, uneducated, prejudiced, and selfish individuals?
What can a -priest do when his hands and feet are literally tied by the board; when he sees that he is ignored and at times deliberately misunder- stood by men idio argue. Just for the sake of preventing an argument; and g contradict, only because they desire to impede any action or desire of the priest.
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Not only do they dictate the policy of the Church, but they are bold enough to interfere with his preaching and interpretations of sacred subjects. Is it any wonder that priests adopt indifferent attitudes towards their churches and parishes? Of course nott
This condition can be changed very easily. Let us adopt the policy of the
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other churches, which are more successfiil than our own. The priest should haTe certain rights and ptrlYileges that cannot be usurped. These rights should be plainly stated in the churches charter for all to read. When this is done, a priest can be held responsible for the conditions in his church and parish. But, not until then!
Perhaps seme one will eisk: "Is a great deal of money necessary for the existence of a Sunday-school class? Is it such a difficult task for a priest to teach the little Greek children about their faith?**
I will answer these questions myself. My immediate response to these prob- lems should be enough evidence of how interested the priests are in the edu- cation and religious training of the Greek children. I sincerely believe that all the clerics are willing and anxious to do their part; however, they cannot do so unless they are supplied with the money necessary for carrying on such work.
It is a well-known fact that the priests are already overburdened. Not only
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do they have heavy church programs and ceremonies to bear, but they also have many philanthropic, social, and patriotic obligations to fulfill.
The present system of governing the church does not alloxv the priest to make his own schedule, in order that he might save valuable time to devote to
some necessary undertaking — such as teaching a Sunday afternoon Bible class. ^
;;hen some worthy Christian desires to have some sort of religious ceremony 2
such as a marriage or a baptism performed, and goes to the home of the <^
priest and discovers that the priest is not there, he immediately presents ^
himself to the board of trustees and makes complaints about the priest. "-o
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The board will call the priest on the carpet for devoting his time to matters i^
that bring no money into the church treasury. He must alv/ays be at the ser- S
vice of those who seek him— \Ao are able to pay large sums for his time. '^Jf
ViQiat must the priest do at this time? If he heeds the board's advice he might be neglecting an important matter; if he ignores the board, he v.rill have trouble and might just as well pack his luggage and depart. If he is
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not willing to leave; then the matter becomes public property, and the priest is the subject of gossip or ridicule. No priest desires to have that happen to him.
Again some one may ask: why priests of other churches do not have such con- ditions to cope with? The answer, again, is very simple. The clerics of ^ other churches are given complete jurisdiction over the activities of the ^ board; and they answer only to their religious superiors for their actions. ^ They are less burdened with clerical duties, and these are performed only <^ in the church. All rites must be performed within certain reg\ilated times; 3 in order that the priest might have sufficient time to devote to his social 2 and cultural activities. Sti
If a person questions the activities of the priest, he is enabled to end the controversy by saying, "that is the rule of our church*». If this person appeals to the church board, not only will he be told: *»That's the rule— you must be obedient to the father**; but he will in all probability be severely rebuked.
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This is why I contend — and shall always contend — that the work of our churches shall be fruitless and stagnant so long as they are governed by heterogeneous groups of unfit individuals. No one expects a tree with rotten roots to bear healthy fruit.
My own experiences in this matter have been very bitter. It is practically -^ impossible to please the board and the members of the parish all at the same 5 time. Agreement is a word that holds no meaning for them. ^ci.
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I appeal to the progressive Saloniki and its staff. Help us to instill a % respect for the clergy in the hearts of the Greek people. Give them to § xmderstand that the position of the priest is a sacred one, and must be ^ treated accordingly. Tell them to adopt the same respectful manner that g is so evident in other religious groups. Explain that unfit individuals c?! can enter the priesthood just as they can in other professions. Naturally, such people will destroy and undermine, because they are not capable or interested enough to be constructive. These few must not be considered
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representative of all the Greek priests in America, Prove to jroiir readers that the other churches have follov/ed such a regime as I have suggested, and by doing so have surpassed the Greek Church by far.
If you succeed in doing these things, you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you have performed a great service for the Greeks of America. Your patriotic conscience will be clear, for you will have prepared the way for greater and finer accomplishments; which shall bring glory to our be- loved mother country.
Sincerely, g
Reverend 0. Hadzidimitriou f^ Chicago, Illinois o=!
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Salonlki , Dec. 4, 1915.
OUR PRIBSTS
(Sdltorial)
IDils editorial has been written for the purpose of throwing light upon the pitiful conditions which obtain in our church parishes and schools, and upon the attitudes of the Greek clergy toward these conditions*
We characterize the whole situation by one word — disgraceful. We are ready
to defend our accusations* At the same time, we demsuid certain explanations ^
from our clerics here in America* 7^
What do they consider their duties to be and how do they fulfill them? For "^ what reasons did they enter the service of the church — other than obvious one of malclng an easy living at the expense of society? If there is a higher, a more moral, or a more patriotic reason, we would like to know about it*
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We have known up to the present time, over twenty <-five priests* Unfortunately , without any exception, they were all mentally a century behind the times , euid they have not progressed one iota beyond that stage, while even the poorest and most backward peasant who came to America has made some effort to Improve himself in order that he might live in greater 3Snapathy with his surroundings*
The majority of clerics are stubborn, backward, narrow-minded, and greedy. Their only hope is that someone will get married so that they might earn in a few minutes an amount that they do not usually earn in a year — that is, in a small parish* It is true, however, that occasionally they hold vesper services and visit their churches once during the week, not because of their great love but because of their fear of the bishop*
In the large cities having large church parishes, it is not uncommon to see a priestless church on Sunday* The priest has gone to a wedding or a baptism, being attracted no doubt by the shine of the collection plate* Beware of anyone
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Saloniki , Dec, 4, 1915.
who is sinner enough to denounce the value of the collection plate.
People who live a few miles outside of the nearest parish are forced to borrow fifty or seventy-five or even a hundred dollars to pay the priest for a baptism. A, funeral which calls the priest outside of his parish will cost twenty dollars and expenses. Sometimes a priest will charge, and perforce receive, twenty-five dollars and his expenses.
The priest is always sick when a poor person needs his services. And that, in a nut-shell, is an accurate report of the activities of our clerics in the Greek churches of America.
Once in a while, when there is a special holiday and the church is filled with people, the priest decides to chant the entire ritual; but the chanting is just for the ears of the congregation — certainly not for any divine hearing.
V/here can one meet a priest who is willing to sacrifice two hours on Sunday
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afternoon to teach religion to the Greek children? Nowhere! Not only do they not do such things, but they probably never even think of them* After all, why should they ceo^e?
Our clergy is at least one century behind the times. They think that their only duty is to conduct certain routine services, which are usually mumbled in an incorrect, unmusical, parrot-like manner for a small group of uninterested, Inattentive worshipers* The special services, such as baptisms and marriages, are conducted under the most discourteous, degrading conditions, because most of the priests cannot win the respect aind attention of their flock*
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Under such conditions, what priest would be so foolish as to seek even greater i;^ burdens, especially when he has no hope of remuneration? Most of these ^ gentlemen came to America for one of two reasons. First, because they had no parish in Greece or because the one they had was very poor; and second, because America was full of gold dollars available to all — especially the wearers of priestly garb.
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Although they receive ten times the amount that they received in Greece , these worthies still live the same greedy, stingy, grasping lives they have always lived.
The time has come for the clergy to awake from its lethargy and to shcUce its
skirts clean of the filth that befouls them. We begrudge them nothing, but
we do demand that they fulfill their apostolic calling in a more fitting manner.
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THE ORTHODOX CHURCH AND OREEK TOOTH
(Bdltorlal) The Salonlkl has tcUcen active part In many causes desl^
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to the Greeks of Chicago and i^nerlca. The one we are discussing today Is ^ probably the most Important one of all* p
We appeal to the clergy of our Greek Orthodox churches te sound the alaim^be- p eause a great danger Is threatening our religion and language here In America* ^ It is a danger that can only be averted by eternal vigilance on the part of the church and family , and by the construction of better and more numerous ^ Greek schools*
The Salonlkl is proud to state that it is the first Greek paper in America to devote any time or space to this very important subject; but we will be honest enou^ to admit that we received our incentive from the exhortations of a
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Jewish rabbi. Ha spoka bafore tha city eounoil of Gary^ Indiana , and stated that religious teaching should not be conipulsory in public grasmar schools*
There is a clause in the Constitution of this country that Anrbids any com- %
pulsory religious training; people in America are supi>osed to have the right to ^
worship in any way they please* No religious training of any sort is giTen to [Z
the children in the grade schools* As a result , they are entirely unaware of ^
the part religion plays in their daily existence* ^
The city council of Gbry, which is largely conposed of Orthodox Serbians » Toted to hare the tenets of the Christian religion taught in all the city^s granmar schools* Innediately the rabbis protested* They claimsd such instruction would create chaos » and they demanded that religious instruction be confined to the ohuirch and the home*
This is exactly why the Catholic Church found it necessary to erect and maintain Catholic schools* Religious training in these schools is thorough and it is
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compulsory* The Greek Church must emulate the Catholic Church if it wishes to survive in America. Greek schools, in which Greek children can be taught the Greek language and religion, must be built.
The Protestant churches provide Sunday schools and Bible classes for the re- ligious instruction of the young children. The Hebrew synagogues also have regular Sunday school classes. In fact, the Greek Orthodox Church is the only church we can think of that takes no measures to provide instruction and guidance for the children* We have yet to hear a member of the clergy make c^ any suggestions, or even to mention this all-important subject. §
Baptism is not enoiigh. True, it is a religious ceremony, but it is not enough for a young child; he must at least understand what it signifies.
The Greek schools in America are truly in a deplorable condition. They heirdly manage to attract one out of every five hundred Greek children of grammar school age# The ones they do get go as far as the fourth grade only, and then
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they transfer to the American schools. If these children ever received any religious instruction, they promptly forget it when they enter the American grammar schools • IVhy do they leave the Greek schools? Because, as the slang expression has it, '^that's all there is — there ain't no more", meaning, of 5 course, that the Greek school has only four grades. This "half-and-half" 5
religious training is making the Greek children quite indifferent to the Orthodox '^ religion. ^
We are confident that the efforts of the first Greek immigrants to. build Greek g churches have not been in vain. But their efforts will have proved futile if co there is no one to go to those churches and support them in the years to come# t^
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Today, we are opening the discussion of this pertinent question facing the Greeks in America. This is a holy and patriotic matter, and we expect to arouse the community's interest in it even if it takes all the editorial columns of the future issues of Saloniki. V/e invite all teachers and members of the clergy to give us their opinion on this subject. l>Vhat do the presidents of the church
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parishes think of the vieirs presented here by the Saloniki?
We seek the opinion of all the Greeks in Chicago and in the rest of the United States^ Action must be speedy , because twenty-five thousand Sreek children are in danger of growing up in complete ignorance of their religion and language* The Saloniki pledges its sincerest and greatest efforts to remedy this backward condition.
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GSKSRAL ISETIl^^G
The long awaited general meeting of the representatives from the three churches, finally took place; over one hundred people were present.
The president, LIr. V/illiam Georgsikopoulos, and the auditing committee pre- sented the records of the three churches. They made a complete financial report and invited anyone who might wish to do so, to check up on the acc\iracy of their reports.
A school board was also elected. It is composed of the following excellent and progressive men: llr. II. Salopoulos, Consul General; Reverend Leon Pygeas, George Sellas, William Doukas, and W, Georgakopoulos. It was de- cided to allow two hundred and fifty dollars a month for the upkeep of the School.
The plans for a Greek school that were recently published by us, were also
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accepted; and it \vas decided to build the school large enough to completely house one hundred and ninety-five boys and girls.
The records presented v/ere as follows:
Receipts
Capital, $831.23; collection plates and candles, $6,370.44; school fees, $893.20; burial permits, $410.00; v/eddings, i^5.35; funerals, ;ii580.00; bap- tisms, $620.00; memorials, $56.00; dance, $516.10; picnic, $1,084.70; mem- berships, $704.00; rentals, $690.00; miscellaneous, $129.78. The total amounted to $11,761.82.
Expenses
Salaries $2,730.00; school, $2,229.32; . ...amounting to $11,761.82, and leavin a bank balance of $831.23.
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IV" UITIFICATION OF TH3 TIIHES ClIURCK PARISHES OF CHICAGO
The central committee of the Greek parishes of Chicago, composed of the three parish priests, the three 3oard presidents, and representatives from the three Church Councils, has been holding frequent and efficient meet- ings. The Saloniki is happy to inform the Greeks of Chicago, that due to the sincere efforts of this committee, the iinification of the Churches is now an accomplished fact.
The names of the members of this committee will be engraved in gold upon the records of the Greek Churches of Chicago. They solved a problem that seemed insurmotintable to former committees. Their efforts mean the building of a firm foundation for a future Greek comnunity; and that, in itself, is a public service, the value of which cannot easily be realized. Because these individiaals have rendered such a valuable service, we take a great pride in printing their names for all to see. They are: Reverend Leon Pygeas, of the Holy Trinity Church, who was chosen president of the central
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IV committee; Constantine Loumos, vice-president of the Board of txie Evangel ismos, and vice-president of the coinniittee; John Agriostathis,
secretary of the Holy Trinity Board and secretary of the committee; John Pappas, president of the Board of St. Constantine; Reverend C. Hadzidimitriou of the Svangelisraos Church; Reverend I. Frousianos of St. Constantine; B. Georgakopoulos, president of the Board of Holy Trinity; A. I^zarakis, president of the 3vangelismos; Peter Kourlas, treasurer of the Evangelismos; T. Sperison, vice-president of the Board of St. Constantine; George Kokkinis, of Holy Trinity; Michael Petropoulos of St. Constantine.
It is not necessary for us to laud these men to the Greek community; their actions speak for themselves. Eov/ever, we are holding back most of our words of praise until the v/ork has been completed.
The committee has vjorked out eight steps for the development of its program. They are as follov/s:
1. Complete auditing of the books of the three Churches vjith a public listing
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IT of their respective debts and pressing obligations.
2. Purchase of a burial ground to be put at the disposal of the three churches, to be used for Greek people only.
3. This union to be the defender and supporter of all activities that mil aid the entire Greek conoinity in its efforts to better and uplift it- self. It will also endeavor to improve the status of both the Greeks and American people.
4. It will maintain the consolidated school of the three churches; and see to it that high teaching standards and the best environment are maintained at all times.
5. The building and organization of a high school having dormitory facil- ities. The school to .be open to all Greek students in the United States. It shall be, of course, a Greek- American school; and preferably, it shall be located in the country, and not in a large city like Chicago.
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IV 6* The creation of a fund for the benefit of needy Greeks*
7. Eventually to build and finance a Greek hospital, to care for the sick of our race.
8. To endeavor to provide or create all the other things that may be needed for the future progress and development of the Greek coramunity of Chicago*
The knov/ledge of the plans being made for this School for Greek children, fills us with great joy. It should be good nefws to all the Greeks in America.
The efforts of the Saloniki have not, therefore, been in vain. The Saloniki has seen one of its dreams becoioe a reality; and hopes that some more of its so-called dreams will also become facts.
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Saloniki, Sept. 4, 1915 •
STEPS TOWARD UNIFICATION (Editorial)
The Greeks of Chicago are applauding and praisiAg with heartfelt sincerity, the patriotic step taken by the Consul General Mr» H. Salopoulos, by the presidents of the three Greek churches, and the priests of those churches* These gentlemen have laid the fotindation for a unification of the Greek community of Chicago. The three church parishes are going to co-operate under the direction of a central committee.
For the first time, picnics of the three Greek churches will be given on separate days, in order that all who desire to attend all three outings may have the opportunity of doing so. Usually the churches indulged in cut-throat competition and purposely chose the same date on which to hold their picnics, in order that they might prevent any one church affair from being a greater success than their own. They overlooked the fact that they
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Saloniki , Sept. 4, 1915.
were cutting off their nose to spite their face; because the methods used not only ruined the other affairs, but also ruined their own.
It is a relief to know that these conditions at last are being rectified* This co-operative spirit will be applied to all public and social functions.
By mutual agreement, the three church boards sent representatives to a meeting held at the Evangelismos Church. There they decided to unite their efforts for the common good, and to take drastic measures against the propagandists who have fallen like hungry wolves on the Chicago Greeks. A central committee was chosen consisting of the three ch\irch presidents, and the three priests. This committee is to be assisted by another committee of four members. Both of these will be under the direction of Mr. Salopoulos. The following decisions were reached:
First: To define the parish boundaries of each church more clearly, in order that the confusion arising at deaths and weddings could be eliminated.
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Saloniki, Sept* 4, 1915*
Second: to cleanse the Orthodox Church of the propagandists, and to protect the religious teachings of the Churches ♦
Third: all three Churches must hold their social functions on separate days; and all must help toward the success of these functions, regardless of which one will benefit financially.
At the meeting, Holy Trinity Church was represented by Mr. B. Georgakopoulos , J# Agriostathis , Reverend Leon Fygeas and George Kokkinis; Mr. Mazarakis, C. Loiomos, and Reverend Hadzidimitriou represented Evangel i smo s ; St. Constant ine was 3represented by Reverend Prousianon and I. Pappas*
It is our patriotic duty to congratulate these men who are striving to make a long dreamed of, but little hoped for, ambition a reality.
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IN ^SWER TO THE PROPAGANDISTS
(Sujomary)
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This is a very lengthy article written by Reverend G. Hadzidimitriou of Chicjago, in answer to the accusations of a group of evangelists seeking to convert the Greeks to their beliefs. The Reverend proves his points by quoting from the Ecumenical Synod,
He bitterly condemns the editors of the Star and the Elpis « for using the power of the press against the Church they were christened in.
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GREEK
II B 2 d (1)
IV Saloniki , July 24:, 1915.
THE iie:: star of .education
Peter Lambros Speaks in I'rotestant Church
The Saloniki v/as the first Greek newspaper to expose the dirty propaganda being preached and spread by certain moronic individuals led by }>lTm Papadopoulos of Chicago. Do not think that the Saloniki is the only paper striving to enlighten the Greek coiimiunity of Chicago. Oh, nol Aside from Mr. Papadopoulos, who is the editor of the Elpis, we have LIr. Peter S, Lambros, editor of the Star. LIr. Lambros has — by his own confession — spoken on religious subjects in a Protestant church. ".<e know that he is working in harmony with his cothinker, Ur. Papadopoulos, and has become his champion.
The same Peter Lambros, ivho preaches religion in OaK Park, was also the organizer and leader of the xiellenic ■Vomen's Club which, until it disbanded, held its meetings at Hull House. The ladies came to these meetings, drank tea, and heard .j:. i^ambros speak, until taey began to understand his intentions.
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IV Saloniki , July 24, 1915.
Then they all resigned from the Club. We wish to congratulate Mr. Larabros, for giving the Greeks of Chicago an opportunity to see him in his true colors, and to understand the reason for his silence concerning all subjects relating to this wave of propaganda. In the editorial coluirins of his newspaper he has not struck one blow in behalf of his religion, but, more significant than that, he has struck no blow against the cheap propagandists led by Papadopoulos. It is obvious that '^Bishop** Papadopoulos is the pal of ^orator^ Peter Lambros. The Greeks of America have got your number, 1^. LambrosI And the people of Chicago, due to the efforts of the Saloniki, are fully aware of the facts; and are taking steps to drive out the undesirable element that lias pushed its way into the Greek ccmraunity.
Mr. A. Mouzakeotis and Nicholas Govostis, both respected citizens, took the first drastic steps towards showing these propagandists what the Greek community thinks of them and their beliefs; by publicly burning over five hundred of their leaflets and tracts on the corner of Halsted and Harrison Streets. No decent Greek would
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IV Salonlki , July 24, 1915.
even touch those propagandistic tracts with their hands, especially, now, that they know that the tracts have been condemned by the Greek Church. The burning was witnessed and cheered by over five hundred Greeks, including ¥j^. Petropoulos, representative of the National Herald. This paper has eagerly taken measures to inform the Greeks of the entire United States that there is a subversive element at large among them. As long as the Greek press keeps the people informed by printing the true facts, let the champions of this propaganda — namely, Lambros and Papadopoulos — make as many speeches as they may desire.
Forward , Greeks ! Rid your ranks of these unpatriotic, irrelif^ious, immoral quacks who seek to turn us from our beautiful, uplifting, and basic religion.
Forward, Greeks I Prove that our Holy Orthodox religion is above all others, since it is the mother religion from which all others sprang. Does any religious school deny the fact that the Bible v;as originally written in Greek, and then
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IV Saloniki , July 24, 1915.
translated into the other tongues? Does any group of students, or religious scholars and research workers, find any Church, other than the Orthodox, to be the mother of all Christian Churches?
Therefore the Greeks, who have been baptized in that Church, should be proud of that fact. V/hen a Papadopoulos or a Lambros presents himself and desires, by his eloquent speeches and his subversive methods, to cast aspersions upon the Orthodox religion, the Greeks will know how to handle him in the future.
The Greeks of Chicago are kept well informed of these activities by the Saloniki, which will always be on the side of decency and honor. The Saloniki is also striving to bring about a unification of the three churches in Chicago, in order that they may present a united front against the gangrenous growth. But this cannot be accomplished as long as the two above mentioned gentlemen are allowed to distribute their so-called newspapers to the Greek public. The curious part of it is that neither paper charges a subscription fee --both are given away
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IV Salonikl , July 24, 1915.
street comers. Can it be that these editors are journalistic philanthropists, or are they using the papers as organs for their propaganda? "Something is wrong in the State of Denmark.'* Send back their dirty sheets, and let them know in v/hat estimation the community holds them and their propaganda.
lie give fair warning to all those individuals taking active Dart in this business, thax; in the future we shall not be so kind in either our verbal or physical treatment of them.
GRSM
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Saloniki, July 17, 1915. HOW PROPAGANDA STARTED IN CHICAGO AND 'MAT MUST BE DONE ABOUT IT
(Editorial)
■-jT
The Greeks of Chicago are going to read in this coliimn, the details con- ^
earning a type of propaganda now being spread among them* These details -^
should cause the hair to rise on the heads of the clergy and the trustees r; of the churches; but the boards and priests are too busy fighting among
themselves to be aware of any important movemaat going on underneath their G
very noses. :
INhether or not a bishop is sent to America, the orthodox clergy must form a religious organization which will fight propaganda; that is not only causing disbelief in all of the orthodox precepts, but is even causing people to become neurasthenic and in some cases psychopathic. /Translator's note: No mention is made of the exact form this propa^nda takes^ For example, we point out the fate of a well-known Greek doctor in Boston, irtio,
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
Salonlkl, July 17, 1915.
due to the Influence of this propaganda, suffered a mental break-down. These prox>agandlsts offer no service to the Protestant Church; on the contrary, they only harm the Christian religion and are therefore dangerous influences.
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The Greek people, vðer educated or uneducated, have been taught from childhood to believe in saints, colorful ceremonies and the Virgin* When the Greeks hear the speeches of the propagandists — who believe in none of those things— they become confused and do not know what to believe* 2^|Translator*s note: I believe that it is the Evangelists that are referred to, because they are still mentioned as an en^ny of true Christianity in p
our churches today^T^
Therefore, we appeal to the Greeks of Chicago and the rest of i^erica to read this column and guard themselves against this propaganda which deprives the individual of spiritual and mental peace* ••••
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Saloniki, Jiily 17, 1915.
Hellenes of America, do not read the leaflets and tracts published and left in all public places by these propagandists; ^translator's note: This makes it practically certain that it is in reference to Evangelists, because they spread their propaganda in just such a mannea^thej demoralize the spirit and ruin tne mind* Beware of associating with those individ- uals or their friends because they will only bring about your downfall.
These propagandists have been functioning in Chicago for about ten years. They have penetrated our churches , our schools and our homes; but as yet they have not acquired roots, and only a few of our people have become their victims. We will publish the names of these people shortly.
We appeal to our clergy to make a concerted effort to save these poor fools from themselves. They must convince these people that they are doing no good to the Christian religion and are harming themselves— per- haps without realizing it. They must understand that the people who devote themselves to changing the religion of others, are using low and
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Salonlkl, July 17, 1915*
common methods in order to accomplish their desires, methods that are de- grading both to the individual who applies them and to the victim. Our priests have enough evidence to denounce these groups and their churches as harmful to humanity and detrimental to social and moral progress^ ?/e ^ have before us the example of Archimandrite Cl:irysohoidis, who renounced ^ his orthodox teachings and became one of the propagandists; and is today ^ repenting his mistake. Other examples can be presented, but we do not p desire to shock or disgust our readers.
ifi/hat can this type of propaganda do to help society? Of what benefit is it to Christianity? ;yhy is all this damage to mind and soul allowed to proceed unchecked?
Therefore, Greeks of Chicago, read this, and future columns similar to it, in order to know the truth about this movement;, and by doing so, keep yourselves from becoming victims of it. ;/e will tell you how to recognize
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Saloniki, July 17, 1915.
the approach used by these propagandists. Be"ware of those glib-tongued spiritual seducers who seek jrour downfall •
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GREEK
Saloniki, July 17, 1915.
TEE GRHSK CIUJRCH
(Editorial)
To a Greek, the word patriotism does not mean the love of his fatherland only. In his mind the word is so closely allied to Christianity that the Greeks may be said to be as much attached to their faith from a national stanchpolnt as from a religious one.
In their eyes, to alter one particle in the ceremonial, and still more in the creed of the iiJastern Orthodox Chiirch as established by the Byzantine Fathers of the Church, would be a sin. They are proud to think that whereas other religions change and become divided, their religion alone has subsisted unaltered for ages. Orthodoxy is the same in every part of Greece and in every country.
A Greek looks upon his Church with an affection easy to understand; and no
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Saloniki, Jiily 17, 1915.
matter how far he goes from his country it is to the Church in which he was baptized that he always turns for guidance and consolation.
The Greek Church holds a unique position among churches. It alone possesses the power of tying and untying the marriage knot; for the legality of a marriage does not depend upon the civil portion of it (which is a modem introduction) , but upon the sanction of the patriarch or bishop. In a marriage between a member of the Orthodox Church and one who belongs to another religion, permission is only granted by the Greek Church on the understanding that the children arising from such a marriage shall be bap- tized and reared in the religion of the Orthodox Church.
Every Greek hopes that when he breathes his last, that he will receive the holy sacrament from his priest v/ith the same rites that have remained un- changed for centuries. This may be why religion seems to have such an active part in a man^s life in Greece; it may also explain why there are practically no atheists in Greece.
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Salonm, July 17, 1915.
Although Greeks are perfectly tolerant in their attitude towards other religions they cling jealously to their own church, and both Protestant and Soman Catholic missionaries have bad little success in Greece. Althotigh convinced of the pre-eminence of their own religion, Qreelcs have not the slightest desire to proselytise, and, indeed, raise difficulties when a convert seeks to join their ranks; for they hold it to be every man's duty to live in the faith in which he was bom.
This of course applies to Christians, l^hammedanism they hetrdly look upon as a religion; but rather as a racial fanaticism and a pretext for brutal outrage in times of war, and contemptible voluptuousness in times of peace. This is hardly to be wondered at, since the Greek religion incxilcates gentle- ness; and their experience teaches them that the Mussulmans are cruel and ever ready to break out into massacres and violence of every kind.
The Greek Church is not seeking to convert other people to its teachings, but the Church demands that its teachings be respected by this group of
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Saloniki , Jiily 17, 1915.
evangelistic propagandists who are seeking to convert its inenbers to a form of religion on the order of a cult*
This is a warning to those who seek to demoralize the Orthodox Church here in America (especially Chicago). The Greek Church has survived many dangers far worse than the one that has presented itself. It does not fear for its existence; it only desires to protect certain weak individuals who are easily swayed by glib talk and dramatic tracts.
Propagandists, take heed!
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GREEK
oaloniki, Julj^ 10, 1915.
''Bishop" Papadopoulos and printer Kastritsis have named the room at Honroe Street and "^rpant Avenue, v/here a few frreeks gather to listen to the sermons of "pastor" Papadopoulos ever3^ Sunday, "TJie ^irst C-reek iCvangelical Church". This is this saiae inan,v;ho "^reaches that our !-Ioly Virfjin is not the Ilother of God; that the saints are ordinary men; and th it the holy icons or images are merely pieces of v;ood and paint.
xtmon^ those v;ho listen to Pa-oado^oulos are a fev; Greek laborers v;ho !:r,o there r*, because they are promised that they v.- ill be ' iven vork. ^
Certainly, these people have no desire to listen to all these fantastic and "enlightening-;" ideas of Papadopoulos, but they are forced, because of their great need, to listen to the "inspired pastor's" sermons. In addition to these c,:ood people, ther3 are a few younf: men ;;ho attend the semions. riiey say that they have been promised a hi^<^;h school or a college education.
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Salonlkl , July 10, 1915.
Thus, all these unemployed men and supposed lovers of wisdom gather in this place without knowing the real purpose of Papadopoulos. Lately, he has had the insolence to elevate himself to the rank of bishop. As yet, we are unable to discover who ordained Papadopoulos and who promoted him to the bishop's chair.
Now, this person owns a printing shop and is printing the notorious book of the still more notorious renegade and deserter of the church, Cjrril Georgiades. Together with '♦pastor** Kastritsis, Papadopoulos operates the Hermes printing shop and publishes a pamphlet called Hope, which gives free publicity to a ^ few people with whom v^e shall deal in a later issue.
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The purpose of the activities of ♦♦Bishop'* Papadopoulos is the continuance of Georgiades in the post of principal of the Greek school and the retention of the former's sister-in-law as a teacher in the same school. The Holy Synod of Greece, the supreme authority in the Greek church, has forbidden these two so-called educators to continue their teaching. Under their guidance, the
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Salonlki , Jidy 10, 1915.
unfortunate Greek students did not have the right to make the sign of the cross, or the right to pray according to the custom of the church.
This state of affairs lasted for three years in our very midst; more than three hundred pupils were taught in the Greek school which is built on the property of the Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox community. Was it the desire of the church community to appoint and pay a relative of ^Bishop" Papadopoulos to teach the poor pupils not to use the sign of the cross?
In the meantime, you may ask vjiat our three theologians and priests were doing. This is a condition which we find very hard to explain.
What have our church boards done to correct this evil? "^Vhat have the parents, the Greek businessmen, and the members of our Chicago community done about it? This is the important question vihich we shall attempt to analyze and throw light upon.
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Salonlkl , July 10, 1915.
Salonikl proposas to find the truth. Just as it attacked the sham bankers and all the loathsome elements of our community, so today begins our gigantic battle to smash and expose the propagandists by revealing the truth. Many of them
have been working silently, profiting from the internal strife and discontent ^
within our coramunitj?- and from the attacks and accusations afrainst our priests. '^
Propagandists had created many scendals in the church governing boards and had .Z
succeeded even in penetrating into our schools until the day that this paper p
fought the destructive influence of Papadopoulos* sermons and forced him to "i;"
behave end until his sister-in-law was relieved of her duties. In addition, ^
Georgiades was driven out of tOTvn. Saloniki will expose all those liars and ^-
imposters who are betraying and undermining the Greek Orthodox church. '^
The Greek people of Chicago, who are making rapid strides forward in business and industry, need to be informed about conditions in the community, in the schools, in the churches, in every kind of enterprise. They must be told about every dishonest and fraudulent activity.
Saloniki will enlighten our good people, but it will discover and destroy the
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Saloniki, July 10, 1915.
evildoers.
Let us all lend a lielpin,-;; hani to Saloniki in her n^Hant and unselfish struggle to save our national Greek consciousness md our church institutions from beintr under:;iined.
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Saloniki , July 10, 1915.
SAINT CONSmilTINE CHURCH GETS A NEV/ PRIEST
Our Saint Constant ine Chiirch on the South Side has been closed and has held no services for two consecutive Sundays now, because of the sudden departure of the Reverend Anbrosios Llandilaris for Canada •
S
The church board has announced through the press that a new married priest ^
is wanted. We have been infoimed that the Reverend Theodore Pmissianos Z^
will be the new pastor. Reverend Pmssianos was formerly pastor of the y
Greek churches at Newark and Boston. He is well known to many Chicago o
Greeks Vw^ho come from the same province in Greece as he does. In addition, ca^
he is the brother-in-law of our wealthy and prominent Giovanis Brothers ^
who are successfully engaged in the manufacture of ice cream. ^^
Thus, our thriving and forward-looking church parish on the South Side will acquire an able minister, and v/ill again attend to its religious duties •
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II D 10 Salonlki, June 19, 1915* I B 4
TEIE AGITArOHS
(Editorial)
A great number of programs and leaflets haye been distributed in the Greek ^
quarter lately, which are signed by someone called Papadopoulos, ivho pretends ^
to be a printer, a doctor, and a teacher* This person has a meeting place i^
at Grant and Monroe Streets (sic) where he preaches against the divinity Z^
of the Holy Virgin, the saints, and the holy images uf our church* 3
o
It is certainly not our duty to answer the arguments of this versatile printer, ^ .doctor, and preacher* Our three lecunxed priests and theologians, however, ^ ^should curb the nefarious activities of this character immediately, because we ^ have positive information that more than sixty poor Greek families have been listening to Papadopoulos * sermons regularly without being able to le€cm exactly what the nature and purpose of his teachings are* These people go
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II D 10 Salonlkl , June 19, 1915. I B 4
to his assembly hall with the promise that suitable employment will be secured for them, though we knew that this technique is merely a means to an end*
So, little by little, Papadopoulos teaches that our Holy Mother is not a divinity, that the saints of our church are not worthy of adoration, and that the sacred images or icons represent and mean nothing because they are ^ just pieces of wood and a ccxnbination of a few dull colors. C
13
No doubt, these blasphemies and heretic utterances are the cause of great S
«
injury to the religious convictions of our Greek Orthodox Christians. We ^ know that he is a despicable hireling of some other religious sect whose purpose it is to undeimine our faith.
17e all know that the divinity of our Holy Virgin has been accepted by us,
•Si
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II D 10 Saloniki, June 19, 1915.
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and that she has been worshipped by 130,000,000 Orthodox Christians and 300,000,000 Roman Catholics for many centuries. She has not been imposed on our consciousness and spirit by force or by the sword, but only by her loving-kindness and maternal love as the immaculate Mother of Jesus.
Even Papadopoulos* Turkish friends, even the Jews, respect our Holy Virgin, whose name they often invoke in moments of anguish and pain with the excla- mations: Oh, Holy Virgin, help meJ Save me. Holy Virginl
Papadopoulos and his followers are fighting divine goodness and grace. We shall mention all of them by name so that they will not be able to parade under false colors and pretend that they are Greek Orthodox, and thus poison the innocent and simple minds of our people.
This man also owns the Hermes printing shop, with the Kastritsis brothers as
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II D 10 Salonikl , June 19, 1915. I B 4
his co-workers, and is now printing and distributing various leaflets and manifestos in order to get more customers.
Furtiiermore, the book of the notorious Cyril Georgiadis is beiiig printed in this shop. In the heyday of Georgiadis, the Greek community of Chicago was divided as a result of his efforts. It is this same community that we have been trying to reunite and reconstruct with the co-operation of everyone under the leadership of our three able priests. Only thus will we be able to oppose this new attack against our sacred religious convictions and cus- toms. You roay notice that this new imposter does not talk openly to any ^ Greek he meets. He uses a clever technique with which he seeks gradually ^- to divorce our people from their religion. ^
It is true that he cannot lead many families astray by false promises to provide employment, but he is surrounded by a group of fanatic followers who
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II D 10 Saloniki, June 19, 1915.
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are mostly employees of the Hermes printing shop. We do not care what they believe or think. Everybody is free to believe as he pleases. V/e are greatly concerned about those poor families, however, who submit to his evil influence in tte hope of obtaining charity or some other favor. It is a pity that many of our people accept these teachings &nd ideas without having the courage or strength to fight these dangerous enemies of our faith. Their ^ hope of obtaining some assistance and a piece of bread, however, prevents them ^ from making any objections. ^
Therefore, we shotild not allow our needy families to suffer. Cur consoli- J
dated Greek community must exercise its humanitarian duties and minister to 2
the needs of our poor through the church, so that the^^ v/iU not be forced to ^ accept any help or services from the underminers of our race and institutions.
The Greek //omen's Club should find out which families are in need. It is
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II D 10 Saloniki, June 19, 1915. I B 4
imperative that our great and prosperous Greek comraunity of Chicago unite and endeavor to relieve poverty and suffering among us* It will thus prove that there is no room for agitators among the Greeks of Chicago.
May we call the attention of our priests, especially, to the need for cor- rection of the evils that beset us? V/e will gladly offer the columns )f ^ this paper free of charge for the discussion of this serious agitational danger.
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3alo:iil:i> Juno 19, 1015,
The G-rec3l: Orthodox CJhurch of tlio ^\:munciation, on Ciiica{^o*3 I.ortli Side, re- ports that iiCOiie for tho poriod June 1, 1914— Hay 1, 1915 r/as ,)10,091.fjC, The total ezcpenacs for the soi.ie period (oi.tounted to '10, 32*3. Gl. In the years betv/een January 1910, v;hen th^ church ;:a3 founded, and hay 30, 1915, tho total incoi.io of t:iiG institution has heen OlOO,9oO.C^Oo The expenses in the saiiio' period of tiue '.rere -)10C,930.G0,
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III H Salonlkl , Mar. 20, 1915. IV
GK5EK CL3RGY OF ailCAGO IK AGREEI,ENT
(Editorial)
GR2EK
IVPA (ILL) mi 3027^
The first victory of Saloniki in its struggle for co-operation and harmony has manifested itself in the form of an agreement made by the three priests of Chicago. The Reverends Leon Pygeas, Ambrose Mandilaris, and Constantino Hadzidimitriou have sent a letter to this paper pledging their support. The letter is published below.
This letter is the first step towards the unification of our Greek parishes. It is a well-known fact that the outccxne of any issue, good or bad, is the direct result of the type of leadership involved. As spiritual leaders of the Greek community of Chicago, these three priests have assumed the respon- sibility of creating harmony and uniting the non disorganized Greeks of Chicago. They will of course be aided by every patriotic and progressive Greek in Chicago. Saloniki is prepared to devote its every column to this
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III H Salonlkl > Mar. 20, 1915.
IV V^Pa OlU ?k0i.3t>J^
purpose.
We publish the letter received from our priests with the sincere hope that everyone will read it with great care. It clarifies certain facts and explains others which the community has apparently overlooked. In this letter our clergy make certain complaints which are v/ell justified. We must give heed to their words, for the success of our plan depends upon them.
The clergymen ask the Greek people to awaken their dormant consciousness and free themselves of their mental shackles. Only by doing so can we achieve our goal. The following is the epistle received.
'♦Dear Editor of Saloniki ;
^Among your many editorials — all of which urge the Greek people to better themselves — one far surpasses the others. We refer to the article urging
si
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III H Salonikl . Mar. 20. 1915. WrA ilLL) ?KOJ. 302/3
IV
the unification of the three Greek church parishes into one centraHy controlled parish. In this article you ask for the opinion and reaction of the community, particularly the Greek priests. We sincerely appreciate the gallantry of your gesture for we are unaccustomed to being consulted in these matters, although they are very pertinent to us. It seems that no one cares what the priests themselves think. Even the lowliest parishioner has more influence in church affairs than the priest himself. However, since you have asked for it, we present our true opinions on the subject.
o '^Je are, as you have said, •leaderless and overwhelmed with individual leader-
3 ship at the same time*. Such a condition must be rectified. The three churches
L- should be centralized so that all Chicago Greeks may derive the same benefits
J from the church they attend. If such a thing were done better accounts could
^ be kept of income and expenditure.
ex.
^ •^If this unification is to be realized we must wipe out egoism, individualism, sectionalism, pettiness, jealousy, and all the other faults which seem to be
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III H Salonm, Mar. 20, 1915. W?A (ILL) PROi.3Q2?5
IV
the common failing of the Greek people. Perhaps the Holy Synod of our native land will send us an ordained leader. If this happens we shall be very fortunate.
If this leader is accepted and revered the unification of our church will not confine itself to the boundaries of Chicago — then our church will be united throughout America. If this does not happen — if the people do not accept him as a superior — then we shall deserve our fate. And that fate will be a sad one. The world will brand us with its scorn and ridicule. We shall be the only people on earth who neither look out for our own interests nor have sense enough to listen to someone wiser than ourselves.
^Sincerely yours,
'^Leon Pygeas
"C. Hadzidimitriou
^'A. Mandilaris.^'
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Salonlkl, Mar. 7, 1914.
GO TO CHURCH ON SUHMYI
by Paul Demos
Vfhat an excellent piece of advice I All have raised their voices with this precious admonition on their lips. Everyone has understood that the church is the only road to salvation for all peoples. V/e have become accustomed to church habits and practices* asiall and large newspapers, periodicals, all sorts of literatxire; teachers, priests, preachers, and wise men, are urging the people to adhere to the unshakeable institution of the ch\irch*
7/e now pose the question: Do we attend church regularly? And if not, why not? Do we profit any by going to chxirch?
Let tis stop and think what benefits we derive from the church. Regard- less of whether we differ in regard to the interpretation and the way of expressing our religious conceptions and beliefs, there is a common
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Salonilcl. Mar. 7, 1914.
spiritual bond which xanites us all in worshiping a common Father and a common beneficent and almighty heavenly deity. This common feeling finds perfect expression in the work and symbolic ceremonies of the church.
Nowhere else can we hope to receive the grace of God and learn how to practice the Christian ideals of love, hope, and faith. It is with the help and inspiration of God that we make the relationships among our fellow human beings more perfect. It is in the church that we have the best opportunity to communicate directly with God.
No one can object to these thoughts. Our present civilization has been fashioned and created by religion. Did not the ancient Greek civilization begin with religion? Did not the ancient Greeks revere and sacrifice everything, if need be, to their gods? Did not Abraham offer his beloved ^ son as a sacrifice to God? To whom do we Greeks owe our freedom and our present happy state of prosperity and national greatness: \^o is respon- sible for the preservation and salvation of our sacred national ideals.
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IV
Salonllcl. Mar. 7, 1914*
traditions, and culture? Hie chiirch and o\ir clergy have given us our freedom; they have preserved and protected our national heritage; they have defended \is from all enemies; they have fought undaunted for o\2r rights as Orthodox Christians, as Greeks, as civilized hiBoan beings*
Oxir priests must be highly respected, for they are as the Apostles of Jesus Christ: they have been divinely delegated to disseminate and spread the word of God among all peoples and all nations. The forerunners of our priests of today, the monks of the monasteries, taught and preseirved our language. Many a time they ran to the mountains v/ith valuable books and manixscripts where they lived and taught for years, thus avoiding capture and saving priceless volumes and manuscripts. Throvigh the church, these men kept the spiritual and intellectual lights bxirning and prevented them from being irretrievably extinguished. It was the silent, patient, and pious priest who gave the enslaved Greeks hope and coujrage, by keeping alive their faith in a just God, during four long and indescribably dark cent\iries of slavery and tyranny. It was a priest who first gave the
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Salonlkl. Mar. 7, 1914.
INIHLHI
long-awaltad signal for o\ir people to rise and fight for their freedom in 1821.
It was a priest (Patriarch Gregory of Constantinople) who suffered himself to be hanged and desecrated by the barbarous Turk horde while defending the sacred rights and ideals of the Greek subjects.
So, we have cause to be grateful to our church, to its servants, to its glorious past and revered history. We should all attend church, for it is within her boscM that we shall find strength and comfort in our efforts -o to serve our people and humanity.
r' v
C)
It is not too late to acquire the habit of going to church. God will j^ forgive those urtio remember Him and return to Him.
Ill C gPTincTf
II B 2 d (1)
I A 2 a Salonikl. Mar. 6, 1915.
III B 3 b
17 SOCIAL AWAKENINa
(Editorial)
Today we continue to discuse the proposed unification of the three &reek chTirches of Chicago. On the whole, such a movement would result in benefits for all concerned.
The opinions eacpressed by the thirty thousand Chicago Greeks indicate that they are in perfect accord with the ideas proposed by Saloniki. They realize that this unification will provide the only possible solution to our problem. Daily we receive letters from outstanding and successf\xl Creek business and professional men, urging Saloniki to continue its good work. Thus this paper is encouraged, and sincerely believes that the day of harmonious co-operation is near at hand. It will be a happy day for us when all Greeks of Chicago are members of one powerful parish which will be governed peacefully and without discrimination.
CjO CD
-^^
cn
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
II B 2 d (1)
I A 2 a Salon! ki. Mar. 6, 1915.
III B 3 b
lY We recently published the sound and patriotic opinion of the beloved
and most respected Beyerend Leon Pygeas* and we hope to hear from the other two Chicago priests.
Before publishing letters and articles sent to us by outstanding indlyiduals ?
who have written in response to our recent editorials on this subject, we '^
desire to present certain facts to Greeks of Chicago. !I!hese facts, which are r
as discernible as black and white, will explain the persistence of this news- ^
paper. First: On the evening of Bvangelismos /^Editor's note: The Day of the o
Annunciation, March 2bf all three of the churches gave a dance; hence, three ^
priests, three boards of trustees, and three w(»en*8 clubs were trying slmul-* S
taneously to sell tickets to the bewildered Oreek people. Undue animosity ^ resulted; there was fighting and bickering between the three churches, since each person could attend only one dance. Fellow Greeks, observe that our places of worship have adopted the methods of our unscn:q)tLlou8 cutthroat businessmen.
Ill c
GR23K
II 3 2 d (1)
I A 2 a 3aloni::i, .....r. G, 1915.
III 3 o '0
T7 Perha'"s this sli'-'it illuctratior. doss not i..;oress anyone v.'itli its
inportance, but clearly to be obsorveu in this instance are the roots of the v;eed that is rapidly stranslin:; the lii'e and vitalitj^ of the G-reek coi^in\inity.
-o
-TD
Second: On the 3hurch holiday;-, hoii.iiseoo "Jis T:.eotQhou (Deathof the Ilother of God /^u^z'^st 1^7") e^c^'i of our churches *avo a picnic to v;hich the coirjiiunity v.-as invited. 7^ther than ]ial:e a choice betijeen tlie three groups, the people pre- o f erred not to attend any of the outings. They v/ore certain that nc'.js of their ^ presence at one picnic vjould arouse the v;rath of their friends v;ho might have S gone to either of the other tv;o outings. In fact, soiiie people spent the entire ^ day traveling frc... one picnic-ground to another, in order to satisfy all of their friends :dii6. business accuaintances.
Tliis "Derversit:^ has not been overlooked or condoned o-^ the YirRin IjolTj. for last year it rained ver:.^ heavily and all three picnics vjore total failures.
Ill C - 4 - GP'^TT^
II 3 2 d (1)
I A 2 a Salonilii > i:ar. 6, 1915.
III 3 3 b
IV Third: -?hc Greel: Gchool on tlie T)roT>erty of the IIolv Trinity Church,
situated in the center of the largest Qreel: coinnunit3r of Chicago, has
been abcindonecl to a pitiful fate. It has been, and still is, maintained by the
Holy Trinity Church v;ithout any help froii the other tvjo churches. We modify ^
this statenent by sayins tliat Jt. Constant ine maintains its ov.ti school arir! for ^^
that reason cannot be just„.y accused of neciect or indifference. Iloxvever, the '^
Church of the I^7an3elis^03 should have been helping to :uaintain this Greek ^
school; it has no school of it.: o-.m and the children in thct 'oarish attend the >5
o
classes of the Iloly Trinity School.
Our clergy does not even take the trouble to define claarly the boundaries of each parish. As a result of this indiff srence ouarrels continually arise at
funerals , weddings , and bapt isris
» V;e make these assertions not v;ith a desire to. slander, but vath a sincere desire to bring about a refor.;i by exposing the corruption of some of our institutions. Only after v/e have evoked the necessar;;,^ chan;7,es, v;ill our conraunity becone a
CO
m C - 5 - GREEK
II B 2 d (1)
I A 2 a Saloniki. Mar. 6. 1915.
III B 3 1)
IV a happy and contented one. When o\ir church affairs are given on
different days the guests will he able to attend either or all affairs
without fear of inconvenience or embarrassment. Then the membership of our churches will be numbered in the thousands and not in the tens and twenties as it is now National holidays will be celebrated by all three churches, work- ing in co-operation.
:t>
CD
Therefore, action is imperative! These reforms cannot be accomplished by mere co words. Let us be a good example to the others. ""
1X5
<X1
Ill C GREEK
Salonlki , Feb. 28, 19 14,
WE MUST HAVE A BISHOP
(Editorial)
We do not wieh to enumerate the scandals or the other serious difficulties
^ich haTe become a chronic disease with our Greek community. We do not
wish to recount the disgraceful court trials and the criminal waste and :.
extravagance of church funds for court costs and lawyers' fees. jS
I —
Without desiring to make an elaborate introduction to the subject, we here- i;^ with present an emphatic and persistant demand for a Greek Orthodox bishop o in Chicago and in the major cities of America. We hope that the Greek government, the Greek Orthodox Holy Synod, and, as a last resort. Almighty God, will respond to our \irgent appea3.s for a hig^ ecclesiastical leader for the Greeks of America.
Saloniki makes this request in the name of the 40,000 Greeks of Chicago and
( •>
Ill 0 - 2 - GREEK
Salonikl , Feb. 28, 1914. the 700 9 000 Greeks of i^erlca.
We must have a strong, competent, and recognized leadership, especially in our church conminity life, if we are to preserve and maintain the three great chuwh cornraunities of Chicago and the sixty-two Greek, parochial schools emd several charitable institutions whose efficient operation depends upon a firm and capable educational leader. There are more than sixty mem- bers of our lower clergy in the United States, of whom a great many have not been properly ordained and legally appointed by the supreme Greek ecclesiastical authority, the Holy Synod at Athens, Greece.
Then there are more than sixty members in both the lower and higher ranks of the Gcreek clergy who have been dividing our church communities into opposing religious and political factions, ?iio have been inciting the leaders of our comnunities to create needless strife and petty community wars. These priests and supposed representatives of God on earth have been causing such shocking scandals in the church conmunities that all
"T3
'1
Ill c - 3 - GRRKK
Salonlki > Feb. 28, 1914.
respect for our Greek Orthodox faith and all the prestige of our clergy are seriously imperiled. There are many Greek clergymen irtio have assumed the responsibilities of a priest in our numerous parishes in Chicago and in the United States without having been legally and regularly appointed by the proper superior ecclesiastical authority. Many of tham come to the United States bearing letters and documents frcm various unqualified bishops in Greece recommending them to the xinsuspecting and trusting people of our parishes.
These destructive and irregular activities are being carried on at a time when huge sums of money have been spent for all kinds of Greek institutions. More than forty church buildings have been erected throughout the United States, six of them in Chicago, at a cost of one and a half million dollars. These churches have been built and maintained with the sweat, the labor, and the contributions of the thousands of pious, devoted, hard-working Greek Orthodox men and women. The Greek immigrant has done his share in erecting these churches; it is now up to our clergy, to our bishops, and
Ill c - 4 - GR?IKK
Salonikl > Feb. 28, 19 14.
to oup educated and experienced church and civic lectders to organize, im- prove, and govern our churches and schools*
The first Greek church in America was built in 1865 in New Orleans; all other Greek churches in America have been built during the last fifteen years*
Ever since the erection of the magnificent Church of the Holy Trinity in Lowell, Massachusetts, and the equally splendid Church of the Annunciation in Chicago, as well as scores of smaller ch\xrches, a spirit of ehort-lived enthusiasm and rapidly vanishing Greek sentimentality, together with a shallow and superficial religious ardor, have characterized our efforts in our social and church life* Our worship of God is a mockery* We do not seem to have any profound religious feeling*
•
We have not built on a solid and soiind foundation* Evidently, the first Greek immigrants built churches and organized our commtinities as a matter
< , >
Ill C - 5 - GREEK
Salonlkl, Feb. 28, 1914.
of ccmrse, with no serious thought or purpose in mind. The burying of a Greek ismiigrcuit with tbe help of a non^-Greek jxriest hurt our religious pride and offended our church traditions to such an extent that the first Gcreeks in America decided to build a church and a CGoimunity of their own.
Then we had the phenomenon of ill- prepared and uneducated so-called Greek ^ priests who came to America in search of a better fortune, viiio took advan- ^^ tage of the ignorance and the trust of our people to beccme the blundering p and incompetent leaders of our church institutions. In Chicago, we well ^ remember such fakes and **pious shepherds of the Greek flock^ as Fapakaparellis g and Papasideris.
Poor and deficient religious instruction and guidance transformed the first fruits of our religious enthusiasm and fervor into blind fanaticism. That is when our temples were transformed into places of strife and into trading centers.
- J .rs
Ill C - 6 - GREEK
Salonlkl , Feb. 28, 1914.
Thus, the instinctive piety and God-fearing sentiment of the majority of our Greek people were transformed into cold indifference. That is why our religious affairs in Chicago, as well as in other communities in America, are in such a chaotic and deplorable condition*
The disgusting election methods which were used in Greece have been intro- ^ duced into our churches. As a result, our new church communities have .^ felt the gangrenous effect of disorganization, division, strife, and incom- 7^ petence« Our most sacred ideals and noblest. Greek virtues have been allowed to decay and be destroyed.
-a
-.a
en
Most of our Greek church communities are so loaded down with debts that they can hardly meet their immediate obligations, among which are the salaries Z^ of the priests and teachers*
Most of the numerous and pompous verbal outbursts outlining dreams and plans to build schools, clubs, gymnasiums, libraries, and Gcreek-American educational
Ill C - 7 - QREBK
Salonlkl . Feb. 28, 1914.
and cultural centers, have been empty and meaningless phrases and impossible wishes. In vain have the governing boards and the members of our communities met hour after hoiir to discuss and debate ways and means of Improving oxvc wvys of life and our Institutions*
3>
To this confusion and chaos the supreme Oreek Orthodox ecclesiastical authority, the Holy Synod of Greece, Is adding Its cold Indifference, In spite of the fact that the Greek Immigrants of America, and particularly of Chicago, have made such urgent appeals to obtain some leadership. Why ~p should the Holy Synod of Greece turn a deaf ear to our demands? The Greek churches of America have been built with great sacrifice of money and energy; their purpose Is the religious, social, and Intellectual guidance and en- lightenment of our Imiolgrants* Without them we are doomed to extinction; we are doomed to lose our national and religious consciousness and entity.
The Holy Synod has not been moved the least by the new demands of an expanded and reborn Greece. It has not been affected by the need for destroying a
ri)
in C - 8 - gRSKK
Saloniki, Feb. 28, 1914*
corrupt social and political order. It has not been moved by the bloody sacrifices of the Greek people of America during the late Balkan wars^
It seems that the danger of the dissolution of our church communities in ^ America has not made the slightest impression on the minds of the 5
ecclesiastical leaders of the Greek churchy The protests and the frantic ^ appeals of the press and of individual Greeks have been to no avail. No r" force, no event could stir the Holy Synod from its deep slumber. No one ^ could induce that august ecclesiastical body to look at the strife, the warring factions, and the destruction Trtiich were and are tcUcing place in the Greek churches of Chicago aiKi of the United States in general. It is the duty of our supreme church authorities in Greece to put an end to this deplorable situation, because churches are built for entirely different purposes*
The Holy Synod of Greece shares the largest part of the responsibility for this disastrous situation* In the name of God and in the name of the true
J
"8
Ill C - 9 - GRBKK
Saloniki, Feb. 28, 1914.
worship and adoration ?iiich man must offer to Grod, the Holy Synod must correct this unbearable situation.
We demand that a bishop be appointed to Chicago and that an archbishop be ^
sent to supervise our churches and to help in the solution of all our .^
problems. Every passing day costs much in loss of prestige to the sacred p and holy name of our Greek church.
"3
.3
Ill c
GREEK
II S 2 d (1) WPA (ILL) PROJ. 30275
I A 2 a Salonikl. Feb. 27, 1S15.
II D 3
II A 2 UIIIFICATIOII OF CHICAGO GREEICS 13 TIE GOAL OF SALQNIKI
The Reverend Pygeas Hakes a Statement
^'The program of co-operation and unification suggested by Saloniki is the ideal solution to our problems, r^s a priest of one of the Greek churches of Chicago, I desire to express my willingness to co-operate to the best of my ability with the editors of this worthy paper. The need for unification is acute, and must be given prompt and serious consideration by all Greeks of Chicago."
flQ
Sincerely,
••Reverend Leon Pygeas, "iirchimandrite of the Holy Trinity Church*"
V/e present the wo3?ds of Reverend Fygeas to the Greek community of Chicago with a feeling of great pride, because we have been successful in awakening our clergy to the danger that confronts the Greek communities of -America, and
Ill C - 2 - GlfiilEK
I A 2 a Saloniki, Feb. 27, 1915. ^
II D 3
II A 2 Chicago in particular* Reverend F/geas' dignified but sincere statement
has officially launched a campaign which will be carried on by Salonilci, Its goal is to be a unified and hairaonious Greek community of Chicago, in which there will be no friction betv/een churches and parishes, '
Saloniki is about to enter a long, strenuous battle 7;ith only its news' colimns as a vjeapon. It will strive to accomplish a herculean task, and is ready and willing to make every possible sacrifice in order that this task may be success- fully executed* . Many obstacles \vill be round in our path — some unavoidable, others maliciously put there to hinder and dishearten us. But we shall not lose heart, nor shall v;e be sidetrackedl
We will make no further reference to these obstacles, nor to our past disillu- sionments or griefs. The future is before us and needs our undivided attention, Saloniki has undertalcen this fight because v;e have the interests of Chicago Greeks at heart, and because we are pledged to do everything to further the
'>r/*-i
Ill C - 3 - GHaSK
1V2V'" Salonm. Feb. 27, 1915. WPA (ILL) PROJ. 30275
II D 3
II A 2 progress and the assimilation of Greek people.
It is the duty of every newspaper to devote its coliimns to those matters per- taining to the welfare of the community or group which the paper serves. A nev7spaper must be the staunch friend of the people, and a real friend is one who makes every effort to help you,
Saloniki has made the following promises and will work ceaselessly until they are fulfilled:
First: Unification of the three parishes, ;vhich will create an annual surplus of at least ^100,000 to be allocated to Greek graiomar and high schools*
Second: Saloniki believes that such \inification will enable Greeks of Chicago to acquire their own hospital.
s«w
Ill C - 4 - GREEK
"aW" . Salonm, Fet. .7, 1915. WPA (ILL) PKOJ, 30275
II D 3
HAS Third: Salonikl promises to establish a National Committee, composed
of representatives of all Greek centers* It is planned that these representatives will constitute a Chamber of Commerce which will provide Greek merchants and businessmen with the protection and encouragement they so sorely need* This move will undoubtedly bring the thirty thousand Chicago Greeks together into one large family.
This must be done; failure to attain this unity will result in the bankruptcy and the undoing of the majority of our businessmen* Just question the first Greek whom you happen to meet regarding his business relationships with his coxintrymen. His answer will be one of complaint and resentment. If he is in business he will probably reply that one of his countrymen has opened a store next door to his and that the resultant competition will soon force them both to close their doors. Or, perhaps he may be a laborer who has lost his job because of a Greek fellow laborer* s insolence to the boss.
M«iik>Mi«Mai«
«t,.^t— _ — 4 —
Ill C - 5 - GRSEK
II B 2 d (1) WPA (ILL) PROJ. 302/5
I A 2 a SaloQlki. Feb. 27, 1915.
II D 3
II A 2 This animosity is so strong that even the i^ericans have become aware
of it. As a result of the friction between the Greeks themselves, the American people have coined the phrase "?/hen Greek meets Greek".
Saloniki pleads for the eradication of factional enmity. It begs for the cessa- tion of ridiculous feuding. It appeals for brotherly love and understanding.
The most Reverend Father Pygeas has distinguished himself by being the first of the Greek clergy to feel the need for coalition: he has aligned himself with Saloniki. He will discuss the matter in detail at a future lecture to which all Greeks of Chicago are invited.
The groundwork will be laid; the details worked out; and in the future the Greeks of Chicago will boast that they are members of the powerful Greek Orthodox Un- ified Parish
Ill C - 6 - GREEK
II B 2 d (1) WPA (ILTTTROJ. 30275
I A 2 a SaloniJci . Feb. £7, 1915.
II D 3
II A 2 This is the true opinion of Saloniki — the publication which has been
pledged from its veiy inception to uphold the Greek honor and to serve the community in the best possible insinner.
Ill G gRj:^:
13 4
3aloniki, Jan. 31, 1914.
{ j^ditorial)
Accordinr^: to the statistics of the Alexian :-;rothers nosoital, one hundred and ninety-four •'"rreelcs v;ere hosnitalized in that institution last year. The thin:;-- that is 'uvorthv of note is the shoc>in^- fact that all the -»atients re-^istered as Catholics.
This must be attributed to the fact that Yevy seldom or never has a Crreek Orthodox oriest visited our sick fellov; countr^.j^nen in the various hospitals of Chicar:o.
'The parable of the second conin^: of Christ says amon^: other thin^^s, ''I v/as ill and you visited ::ie; I was in jail and you came to comfort frie; I v/as hunr.*ry and you rave me to eat, etc." This saiae ^j;osoel is often read in the reel: churches, but evidently its teachin.js are not put into practice.
Ill C - 2 - CrX
I B 4
3aloniki , Jan. 31, 1914.
In our estination, the failure of our clercy and church leaders to ]''ini5^ter to the sick in our corrnunity has I'lade a very ^-)ainful inpression on everyone. l..uch of the propar.aada of otrier reli':ioun faiths and riuch of their ^-.r*')- sel:>^izinr a^^^onr- us rnuot be attributed \,o tie failure of our cler^^ to visit the sick., to rel''. eve- suff erin'-- and T^overty, to dis-el i'^norance, and to destroy sin by active vrork.
.k'an:r rriests and church vrorkers of other reli-:ious faiths have taicen t::e op^'Ortunity to visit, co^.fort, and eacoui'a'":e our sick Greek brethren in the hospitals, ./hy, then, should not they becone Catholics or Protestants, v/hen in their mo~:t critical hour sone Catholic or • rotestant has comforted then? 5
han^'' Greeks who have been treated in the rvlexian Brotiiers hos^>ital nov/ feel that it is their duty to attend the Catholic church which is located on the hospital ^-rounds. It is natural that they should do this, since they are onlv shov/inc^ their -^^ratitude and thankfulness to those kind Catholics v;ho visited therr. v/hen they were lyinr in acony and pain on the hospital bed.
Ill C - 3 -
I.B 4
3aloniki, Jan, 31, 1914.
nrR^^
!:any Greeks are desertin'"- the ranks of our Orthodox church. 7e can only save thein bv active faith.
!T3
v..
III c GREEK
I B 4
IV Loxias, Nov* 25, 1911 •
THE OBSTRUCTION OF CIVILIZATICN; TRADITIONS AND
EXPLOITATIONS; DR. KALLIONTZIS AGAINST /p"^ ^ ,
FREE MASOdMRT V\S ^^-^^ a /
(Editorial)
One woiild wonder and be p-rplexed if one v/ould take the trouble to carefiilly analyze and examine the progress of the v.orld as a whole. One will see that, in spite of science, art, conmerce, moral education, and everything necessary to produce good citizenship, civilization is advancing very slowly*
I reiterate that one would be not only perplexed but — if he wanted to unearth the causes that obstruct the progress of civilization — also confronted with facts that would be very discouraging. He would find that the real causes of a reteirding civilization are the so-called educated classes or rather semi-educated parasites • This unscrupulous class wants to rule and bleed the people by breeding ignorance and superstition, fostering upon the people
isrr;':?5£(lL.i
- 2 - GREEK
Loiias, Nov. 25, 1911 •
the necessity of perpetxiating the racial mythical traditions, customs, and habits of the so-called past ages, thus keeping up their underground work of frauds and swindles by covering it up with the airs of patriotism, nationalism and religion.
I will bring before you the greatest swindlers, the arch-enemies of civilization, the priests of the Catholic Church, who for centuries have kept the people of Europe in darimess and the prisons well packed with intellectual individualists who had the learning and the courage to defy those rogues.
Today, however, the sun of this swindling class is beginning to set, and the enlightened people of the West, ruled by a progressive class, have thrown off the yoke of exploitation and curtailed the old dynastic influences and their grip upon the people, making them less oppressive.
Must the Greeks criticize this V/estern enlightenment by saying that these
- 3 - GREEK
Loxlas , Nov. 25, 1911 •
people did not maintain the sacred traditions of their progenitors in jerking off the unreligious yoke of the swindlers?
Must we criticize them as we did a Chicago doctor recently, who said that the Greeks must remain faithfully devoted to our traditions? Must we criticize them for keeping up such traditions as that of carrying the sepulcher of the Savior around the streets of the city in the early hours of the morning, chanting prayers and hymns born of hypocrisy, disturbing the peace and quietness of people who are sleeping; that of parading around the streets of Chicago in Foustanela (Kilts), dancing the Chiamico; that of blindly submitting to the corrupt rule of our idiotic archons, under the influence of fear and superstition which stifle the freedom of noble ideas? Are these holy traditions to be maintained, Dr. Kalliontzis? According to our learned doctor, people ought to remain in the darkness, so that he and his kind, concealed under the cloak of patriotism and religion, can fatten themselves upon their ignorance and weaknesses.
'- -it-^^^
- 4 -
Loxlas > Nov. 25, 1911
GREEK
Of course nobody ever expected the Chicago doctor to possess political and social knowledge, but we dxd expect him to have better breeding; to be more careful and act to abuse the hospitality and generosity of our adopted coxintiry.
In his article published in the Greek Star, he advised the non-Masons to cease to deal and associate with Masons, and if possible to avoid them as if they were black sheep*
I am not a i^ason, but historical facts tell us that the present world owes very much to free Masonry, America was liberated from the British yoke; France was liberated from monarchs and emperors; Portugal, from an infamous monarch, and we the Greeks were liberated from the Turkish yoke, because the first and foremost workers of the above revolutions for liberty were Masons •
- 5 - ORS^
Loxias, Nov. 25, 1911.
Masons, according to our doctor, are not patriots, or rather he maintains that by becoming Masons, they lose their patriotism. How do you account, doctor, for the patriotism of Voltaire, Mirabeau, Rousseau, Xanthos, Skoiifas, and many other Masons?
V/ere it not that our Greek comiaunity in Chicago is affected by your article, doctor, we would refrain from calling your attention to it, as it would have been a waste of time, energy and principle to answer such idiotic writings. . • But, doctor, for your own individual interest, we advise you to deal with things which are within your circle and leave the Greek community and the Free Idasons alone •
dm Matalas.
Ill c
II B 2 d (1)
I E
Lpxias, Nov. 35, 1911,
GREEK STAR STANDS THE BRONa WAY IN ACCUSIN(J
FREE UASONS.
(xRME
m. °,; ,
Editorial*
Dr. Kalliontzis' article, published in the Greek Star > against Pre# Masonry and Socialism, is wholly disapproved by the Greeks in Chicago* Many fellow-Greeks, by writing and phoning to us registered their utter disapproval of the article in the Greek Star^ which expressed disrespect to fellow-Americans and fellow-Greeks who are Masons or Socialists*
In our last edition of Loxias we expressed we forgave our eminent physician Dr. Kalliontzis, the author of the article, taking into consideration Christ's example when he said, "Father forgive theip, for they know not what they do***
4
4
Loxlast Nov. 25, 1911.
But the publisher of the greek Star, though ignorant and illiterate, cannot he forgiven. Because he, as an editor and publisher, must know the duty and obligation of the press towards people. He should know that such inaccurate and unfounded articles should not be printed for publication. A little knowledge of history, common sense, and respect for Justice, right and good, would have been sufficient to guide the publisher of the Greek Star to refuse to publish the article of Dr. K. Kalliontzfa^ against Free Masons and Socialism.
My friend Dr. Kalliontzis and the uneducated publisher of the Greek Star should know, if they must, that true 'Christianity stands upon Socialism and Cosmopolitanism*
Indeed, from the nationalistic point of view, i. e, from the point of view of Hellenic Mationalism, Socialism, Cosmopolitanism as well as Eciimenical Christianity, are bitter enemies to any nation*
Below this you find an article written by G. Matalas titled, "The Obstruction of Civilization. It is a very interesting article to read, providing you are far above the line of the average partisan, narrowminded patriots
GREEK
4
Loxias, July 1, 1911 •
THE GREEK CHURCHES I:T CHICAGO
$300,000. SPENT FOR V/HAT?
p. 2- In the last few years the Greek churches in Chicago have collected and spent over i|)500,000. What for? Ch, just to paraae the Sepulcher of the Savior around the streets, to quarrel amono^ ourselves as to the best method of parading, and to intone the name of God that he may help us perpetuate our stupidity a,nd hypocrisy. . . • Just for that I
After so much singing and paradin.--, using the name of God in vain, nothing has happened to us. V»'e are not better Christians than we were before we spent the $300,000. Doing what we do is simple foolishness, a waste of money, time, and energy, and above all, we are making our- selves a nuisance to others who have the misfortune to reside near a Greek church. If God had time to inquire why we enact this clownish procession, he would lose patience and turn us into bricks so that we might at least be useful for something.
- p -
GREEK
Loxias, July 1, 1911.
V/e are ignorant and stupid people, and v.e deserve to be censured for permitting ourselves to follow certain traditions which might have been convenient in days gone by but are not becoming to-day, and especially not here. We must not abuse tne tolerance of our neighbors.
How should we like it if we (xreeks lived near or within an Indian reserva- tion, and while we were asleep, the Indians performed one of their many queer dances accompanied by Indian singing, as we Greeks do? A Greco- Indian war would break out immediately. Most assuredly. A long war, too.
What ignorant, stubborn, selfish people we are! Indians who leave their reservations and live elsewhere have brains enough to discontinue their tom-tom dances. Oh, of course we Greeks are a privileged race, and we may do as we please. That is right. ... It is about time to stop this foolishness if we do not want to arouse racial stntagonism against us. It is about time for our clergy and their coadjutors, the presidents of churches and others, to find a different way to justify the expenditure of $300,000. Processions and chanting Kyrie Eleison are things of the past. If they wish to live on the earnings of others, they must invent something new.
- 3 -
Loxias, July 1. 1911.
GREEK
Indeed, I beg your pardon. I do not mean that all our clergy and their assistants are frauds; of course not I
The Greek Church in America will serve its interests and the interests of the people if as a Christian institution it eliminates much of its antiquated methods and stops imitating the Pope of Rome in commercializing religion. And for the sake of self-preservation the Church must advocate education. Blind devotion is dangerous. Understanding and enlightenment will promote the cause of Christianity.
Be wisel Do not spend money in trying to make a hole in the water* Bear in mind what the ancient Greeks used to say: ••Be strong in mind and in body,** and not only the gods hut the demons themselves will help you.
And since everything needs renovation from time to time, to clear away the cobwebs, so must otir church be purified of its mercenary clergy and their followers.
•
In the meantime let us all sing a requiem for the $300,000. Amenl
OREE'K
ni c
III H
Loxias, : arch 4, 1911 »
MODEm: 'JRF.EX CHURCH
The modern Creek church in A^r.rrica should really be called the Creek Commercial Church not the Creek Orthodox. It is useless to repeat how many times we have written oa this subject in our nev/spaner.
It is a crime to see 350,000 Creeks in America become indifferent to their native cu'toms, their lan^,XLa:';e, their nationality, their ideals, just because the clergy find them an easy orey for exploitation. It is too hi^h a r^rice to pay.
The priests do not try to teach religion to the church-goers. They do not try to tell them v/hat is right or wrong, what is good or evil. They do not try to improve community life. They just try, in every way possible, to fill their pockets with the hard-earned money of the oeoole v/ho come to them for knowledge and guidsjice.
"" 2 — GrRJEEii
V;-. >>
'■/
Loxias, March 4, 1911.
The priest of today is not a holy man beyond rer-roach, Ke is a conner- cialite. The church is his business and he is in it to make a orofit. He robs the poor disguised as their friend. He is unscrupulous in his search for money.
The whole thing goes brck to the Holy Synod of Greece which has authority over the priests of J^jnerica. The Holy Synod could easily orovide true and honest priests to preserve Orthodoxy over here but the Holy Synod never v/anted to do it and never will want to do it.
a huge share of these priestly profits, the Holy keep her eyes closed to what is going on. She
As long as (ireece gets
Synod will continue to
cares for us only as a commercial nrofit. ^.e\\ we are no longer that,
she will quickly forget ?7ho oiici what v/e are.
Ill c
IV
y.r
GR'^E
WPA (iu,) PROJ 301:/.
Loxias, Dec. 10, 1910.
TC TH^ ..i:.:b^rs oy th'- aiiHiE:: CG'':.iUNnY of chicacx)
Dear Sirs:
At the l.n.r.t meetin^^ of the members of the G-reek Community of Chicago there were fifteen men r)resent includine^ myself. This was because the meiabers of the Holy Synod vrere holdin^;^ a meetin^^ and electionn at the same time and date.
Among others, my name was su.^?£;ested as a trustee of the churches. Because this election was a;:airi3t th.e rules of the Greek Community of Chica.^o and because my friends tried to give me an office I have no intention of tak- ing, I am statia^^ m.yself clearly in this letter.
I am not a member of the Holy Synod and do not wish to be considered as such, nor do I intend to take any oart or interest whatsoever in any election taey \^vj sta.ye.
Chicr.go, Dec. P, 1910
Andrev/ Vlachos*
HI c
aRiEx
Lo:ci?.s, Nov* 13, 1910.
GrRZ^: cci.ii/innrii:s Iit a:;:?:rica
'^'hat a beautiful word "churc.i" is. It is a word that should have a beauti- ful spiritual meaning yet our churches have sun'Ki to the level of our coffee- houses. The re are still c. few -oeoole left who s^ay, ''Let us f^;o to church and say our orayers." These oeople are becoming more scarce every day.
If Jesus were livin,-^- today and sav- the number of collection plf-tes in our churches he would say "Stay home c\nd say your prayers - this is rob- bery."
The G-reek communities of America are breakinj;^ up because the cler^ical desire for money is surpassin,.^ the desire for Orthodoxy and Christianity,
Ill c
aRKSIC
Loxias, May 7, 1910
CURIOUS xKINiiS
p. 1.- 'j.'here is nothin-- more curious than the Oreek clergy of America which lives "oarasitically off the i^enerzl masses, Jhese priests have thousands of dollars in private accounts, "out never v/ould they thin.c of giving one dollar to a poor family for bread for starving children.
ihe Holy S;yiiod has permitted them to don street clothes, so they can now be fouiid in saloons and coffee-houses gossiping till 3 in the morn- ing. Can we blame them? The poor fellows v;or-i: 200 hours a year; how can they help being lazy?
Our priests are not the moral and upright men v/e think they are. One un:::arried oriest v;ill leave behind him three sons \men he dies. Another V7a3 recently sued for c^750,00J oy a "lady" of questionable reputation.
- 2 -
GRE3K
C
r -
Loxias, Iia,y 7, 1910
Hellenism is thrivin-- in the United States, '-'e must have the rii^ht kind of prieots to lead our people. It is time v;e V7oke up to v;hat is :^.oing on under our eyes.
GHEEK
III c
ma.
Ill H
Loxi.-s, Ariril 2.,, 1910
PrJrSTHOC
u
p, 1.- Cnce a,^;ain ^.e v/ill nisc;vr,5 cur favorite sv.'bject — Priesthood. The priests are comolainin^; of their nsasly s:^.laries. ihere are fifty oriests in the Unit-.d States aj}.a tiiey each m^iie 5,000 annwaiy includirx^- their extra fees for ...arriages, fiuieralr^, etc. ;;ost of thei-;e -oriests freely admit that the only reason they came to Anierica was because they heard of the i^reat sums they could amass frora the G-reek people here. The (>reek priests are costing the church-goers $500,000 a year. This money could easily be used for better ourposes, such as hospitals, gymnasiums, schools, etc., where all could benefit from it.
The priests are not what they used to be in our childhood days. They are humaai beings now, mercenary, grafting, ana selfish. We are cheating ourselves and future generations by putting tjiem on a -oedestal and paying for it.
GRSSK
III C I A 2 a
17
Loxias, Feb. T'o, 1910
RVGiiLAii ;-IETi::g-
-0. 1.- All members of the Greek Community of Chica,£^*o are requested to attend a general meetin^^ wnich will he hela Simday, jeoruary 2?, 4 o'clock p.t Holy Irinity Church Hr.ll. ihe following problems will be discussed.
(1) The economical condition of our Community.
(2) '2he establis iment of a nev church at V.-rmont Par : , a piece of orop- erty owned by the community.
(3) The establishing of a new church on the ICorth Side ^-.nci the -orcblem of having two churches there or closing the old church.
(4) i:iecting 12 men to direct school activities. (»j) Small business nicitters to be cleared ud.
Ill c
ORSEi:
a
y :
Loxias, Feb. 2u , 1910 (S) Irxitiation of new laein'bers.
Only mei.ibers are invited to this meetin-. 3rin^ your laeiabership card and shov; it c.t the door.
ChiCci/;o, ?eD. 21, 1910
Pres.
Sec'y
C. Pa-oaelious
I. Stefajiou
Ill c
GREEK
Loxlas« Dece.ber 11, 19^9»
MISCELUNEXDU,: NEVS
p» 3»- There are 46 Greek churches In the United States* The 4^ priests each make $5fOOO c year includin^^ salary and extra fees. This amounts to $230^000 and the priests together ^ive less than $20,000 a year to charities.
To put it in Greek raoney means that 4^ priests in America make 1,150,000 francs a year. VHiat are v^e g^^^S "^^ '^^ about it?
p. 3.- The Boarc^ of the Directors of the Greek community of Chicago vdth £reat sorrow announces that it v/ill have to convert the real estr.te pro- nertrr into cash in order to i)ay debts v.iiich are overdue* The directors have tried in all possible v/ays to avert losing the property but have fin- ally decided that this is the only vmy out.
Chicago, Deceiaber 4f 19G9*
'T'he office of the Greek communitv*
V
Co iPJ
V
III c I B 4
GREEK
LoxiaSt December 11, 1909*
THE PRIESTHOOD
p» 1»- Since the Athenian eurmy has decided to rid Greece of all undesirable elements 9 it is not a bad idea for the Greeks of America to follow the example* Our undesirables are non other than the priests, who hide behind the cloaks of holiness*
The duty of a priest is to look after the spiritual needs of his flock* This does not mean that he must be present at every social gathering of the city, eating and drinking till early in the morning* Nor does it mean that he must eat chicken on Wednesday and Fridays, while he preaches that these should be fast days*
I
^ 2 • GRKpIK
WPA (ILL) PROJ. 3027.: Loxiast December 11, 1909»
He collects a monthly salary from the church but thinks nothing of charging heavily for extra service such as weddings, funerals, and so forth.
We believe in priests, but we want our priests to be clean and honest as their profession denotes • We want them to help the sick and poor# We want them to be less mercenary and more priestly* In other words we want them to "•practice what they preach •*•
m c
I B 3 a
GREEK
Loxieu3> November 27 > 1909 •
UONEY TALKS*
Wa have been led to believe that o\ir priests are above the average persons^ because they have no mercenary unscrupulous principles* Te have found that they are human after all* Why do they suddenly reach the height of elo- quence with an over abundance of flowing words, after they have a $100 bill tucked into their pockets}
In the last three months six weddings took place in our Greek community. We were present at the ceremony which united three couples* The Greek word for a wedding ceremony is Uistirion, which can also mean a mystery* What is mysterious about a wedding ceremony t
^
r/O
<b.
• 2 - GREEK
Loxiast NoVdmber 27 t 1909*
Two people neet^ they take certain vows, swear never to desert one euiothery have children^ and benefit humetnity • sometimes* These two people can party if they decide that they no longer can live with one another* There is no mystery to this* It is human nature*
The priest enters the situation only when he reads a few meaningless words and makes the couple man and wife* This is where the mystery comes in* At a recent wedding. Rev* Pigeas collected $147 from Ur. Kolobos, the groom* At another 9 he collected $ll6 from Mr* Uaniatos* That is the exact mystery, of marriage* The priest is paid $60 a month to conduct about 10 sermons during that time* This is not enough, it seemsf because priests are always
• 3 •
GREEK
Loxias, November 27, 1909*
collecting more money at weddings, funerals, baptisms, and so forth* A man must pay heavily if he wants to be married or buried properly • He must pay to have his children become Christians, so they can start paying, too*
The Greeks in Chicago are not so well off that they can afford to give such high sums to the priests* We are eilways called upon to give donations to benefits, charities and philanthropic purposes* Has any one ever heard of a priest giving money to those who need it? No, he takes all he can get and laughs up his sleeve at us* These are our high-minded priests, whom we look upon as super-human*
Ill c GRaeac
III A
I C The Greek Star, Nov. 12, 1909.
THE GREEKS OF CHICAGO
We are reliably informed that the executive council of our Church Community has voted to appropriate the sum of five hundred dollars for legal expenses. How could our Church and Community administrations fail to pay attorneys, court expenses, etc.? It seems that if we are not involved in some court case from time to time, we are not satisfied.
-T3
'XJ
It is understood in advance that our Community treasury has reached the bottom because of the deplorable state of affairs to which we have been reduced. Un- ceasing quarrels, personal hatreds, and passionate denunciations as well as p lust for office and power have all set us against each other. It was inevitable that we would find our Community finances almost exhausted.
CO CD
ro *^
It is now hoped that little by little the money that has been thoughtlessly and foolishly wasted will be replaced through the sale of candles and through church collections on Sundays and holidays. In this manner we may hope to collect enough
Ill C - 2 - gREEK
III A
I C The Greek Star, Nov* 12, 1909.
money to pay future legal expenses.
A great deal has been written in The Greek Star on how the domestic affairs of our Community should be straightened out and how we should proceed to oust in- dividuals who have done so much injury to our general interests. Our people know what has happened in our church and civic life because of the stubborn- ness and the constant warring between the two political factions in our Com- munity.
In spite of all these most regrettable developments, the people — the members of our parishes — have done nothing. That is why these ugly things have been going on in our Community year after year.
O
CD
ro
We now ask if our people have lost interest in our common affairs? It is, cr
therefore, evident that the leaders of our church, schools, and other institu- tions find a good chance to misinterpret our constitution and enforce the laws which we have adopted as they see fit. Some of our Community officers have been squandering the people* s money without restraint. Surely, they are leading our
Ill C - 3 - GREEK
III A
I C The Greek Star, Nov. 12, 1909.
Community to economic ruin, and in doing so they are subjecting the Greek people to all sorts of humiliations.
How long will this state of affairs last? How much patience must one have? When will our best and ablest citizens take the reins in their hands?
O
CD
: c w .'.saxammA' ,'m^ . .
III c
GREEK
/f
.^5r^
/ ^
1 ■• ' ri •
A J
Loxias, Aug. 7. 1909
GREEK COUMUIIITY
A new angle has recently been introduced into our coinm\inity problem. We are referring, of course, to the changing of our constitution. Last year a meeting of 250 members was called to discuss this question. Nothing cajne of it. The 40th article of our constitution, which is a law of Chicago and a law of Illinois says the following:
Article 40 - This constitution cannot be changed or altered for a period of ten years, after which, it may be changed, if 250 members of the community are present and are willing to have it changed. Chicago, Illinois, December 14, 1902#
According to this article, it is unconstitutional for us to try to change the constitution. If we try now, to revise this constitution or form a
- 2 -
GREEK
Loxias, A\ig. 7, 1909
new one» we will find oiirselves once more in heated qiiarrels, endless argiiments, etc*, just as we have succeeded in finding peace.
Until December 14, 1912, we will not be able to change one word of the constitution. We suspect that certain members of our community are not satisfied with their positions and want to take more power into their hands* If this is true, we must forestall them*
We are having enough trouble with o\ir churches right now* Uhy must new problems be invited?
Why is there such animosity between the North and the South Side Churches? Recently the South Side gave a picnic and invited all Chicagoans to attend. The North Siders held a secret meeting and resolved that not one of them shoiild go to the South Side picnic* But the South Side was undaunted* The success was so great that the officers decided to give $1,000 of the profits to the North Side Church. This should make all North Siders ashamed to raise their heads in public*
Ill c
n D 10
III H
OHEEE
Lorias, J\ily 24, 1909
PRIESTS - CHURCHES
There are 36 Greek Orthodox Churches in the United States today and 46 priests. Valued at $15,000 each, the churches cost $540,000. At $150 a month, 46 priests would get $82,800 a year. If we add choirmasters and other employees of the chiirch, the simount would exceed $120,000. Are we ever repaid for the money that goes for the spirit\ial peace of our count rjTnen? Not On a nice Sainday more Greeks can be foiind in Riverview Park than in all the churches put together.
T/hen the King of Greece asked for help from the Greeks of America, the 20,000 people of Chicago sent the huge s\im of $400. That means, on the average, each person in Chicago of Greek descent gave 2 little cents for the Greek cause. V/e ought to be proud of ourselves 1
- 2 - SREEK 17 If. ;";
IT
Loxias, J\ily 24, 1909
We really can't blame the people for this, though* V/e make just enough to live on. If there is any money, no matter how little, left over the priest gets it. And for what? To tell us that in the bible thousands of people were fed with two loaves of bread and so we must not eat olive- oil on Wednesdays and Fridays (while they eat chicken and more chicken.)
Instead of trying to reform the common people, let us reform our priests.
<;
v*
III C GREEK
Loxias, June 30, 1909
POINTED PARAGRAPHS
The Greek Comm\mity of Chicago owes IvI. Petropoulos $75 for services rendered. The conraunity refused to pay Mr. Petropoulos, so the poor man asked for $50. Again the community refused, so Mr» Petropoulos has gone to court.
If the cominunity loses, it will pay $75 to Mr. Petropoulos and $100 for court expenses. If it wins, it pays only the court expenses of $100. Either way the community loses. Isn't it a shame for the commxinity to lose all this money, just for trying to be economical?
Ill c
II B 2 f
GREEK
Loxias, June 23, 1909
THE CHURCHES TUHITEB TO TRADE
The chiirch on 19th and State Street has closed its doors to the public. The f\irnlture has been sent to another church till it is decided what is to be done with it. The whole trouble started because the Greek people in Chicago wanted the lease to designate that the church belonged to them, not to the priest in whose name it was. Their reason for doing this is that they are trying "to unite the Greek Community" — or so they say. CouldnH they show their ""anison" by supporting the church so it coTild pay its rent, at least? They insisted on closing the ch\irch be- cause the promises weren't carried out. These promises were:
(1) The building was to be fully eq\zipped for a church.
(2) The priest was to teach the children the Greek language.
(3) $18,000 was to be paid for the building.
I
III c
(2)
Loxias. June 23, 1909
GREEK
After the first agreement, all attempt at \mison failed. We are exactly where we started at the very beginning. We are as progressive as the dog who chases his own tail.
Ill c
GREEK
Loxias, June 9, 1S09.
REPORT OF PICNIC OF J\ine 3, 1909. Si'. CONS'rMTlIvE CHURCH
Income
Flowers at: entrance -$
Fruit
Dance — — — — — -
Drinks ~ — ~ —
LamDs -— — -.— — ~
Bread — — -— — —
Cigars -.-.-.— — .— .
Donations -— — — —
Total
54.20 48.60
149 as
200.91
12.00
2.00
136.50
119.00
$ 722.40
Expenses Rent for Petersen Park —
Orchestra (3 piece) —
Clarinet
Prograims — • -^-
Flags
License for drinks —
Beer & Ice »
360 Lbs. lamb @ $.15
Total
►$
V
25.00
45.00
8.00
8,00
5.98
6.25
31.00
54.00
$ 183.23
A profit of $539.17 has Deen deposited in the Savings iiank of 53rd Street.
Chicago, June 7, 1909. Pres. Tres. Sec'y
T. Kouraotmgis G. Tsoporis P. Christopoulos.
- 2 - ^
Loxias, June 9, 1909 •
OREEK
oy I
C
Each of the following gave four dollars:- J. Papanastasiou, 1n1« Kougioufas, C. Spannon, ?• Christopoulos, Pan. Christopoulos, Arg. Papaleonardos, Ar. Papaleonardos, Har» Bratsolias, D. Smyrniotis, D. Smyrniotis, B. Kekas, K. Stagopoulos, A. Rousopoulos, P. housopoulos. An. Rousopoulos, N. Pepemounta, I* Papanastasiou, P« Tsanaka, G-* Tsoporis, P. Balkana, M. Petropoulos, K. Kyriakopoulos, Malliara-Katsambis, C. Bratsolias. Mangas brothers gave $5.00; I. Drapanias, $8.00; and D. Kokkinis, $10.00. The total amounts to $119 •OO.
Loxias, June 2, 1909
WE WAIIT M EXPLANATION
There is a little matter which the Greeks of Chica^^o woTold like to have cleared up* At the last Comiminity meeting a sum of $20,000 was voted to buy the church on the South Side.
Rev. K. Georgiados negotiated the deal and in doing so managed to get the church for only $18,000. We are thankful to Rev. Georgiados for this but there is something we would like to ask him. The lease was bought in the priest's name, althotigh the community Daid the $18,000. To whom does the chiirch belong, the priest or the community? ^e don't want to cause any disturbance or unnecessary anxiety but we woTild like to have an answer soon.
Ill c IV
GREEK
Loxias, May 12, 1909.
MISCELLANEOUS NEV/S
p« 2»- As is Known, three delegates will meet this week and clear up all difficulties in our communal problem. We have not succeeded in getting the names of the officers on the Horth and South Sides as yet. On the West Side they have C. Petroulas, president; G. Papaeliou, doctor and advisor; S. Sourapas, treasurer; and J. Kominakos, advisor. Loxias wants to assTire the public of the patriotic, democratic, honest, esteemable characters of these men from whom we expect the best*
Ill c
GREEK
Loxias, May 12. 1909.
OUR COMMUNAL AiTAIRS
p. !•- With joy we hear that the members are beginning to realize their mistakes atnd are doing what they can to rectify them. We hope this good work keeps up till everything is brought \inder control* Three officers, one from the West, one from the South and one from the North Side are expected to meet some time this week. These men hope to reach an agree- ment on the various small problems which are impeding the progress of the Panhellenic Union.
The central organization is expected to put into effect the following:
(l) To b\ay or rent for a long period seven halls where various meetings cein be held.
(3) To divide Chicago into three ecclesiastical communities, the North, South, and West.
^H.
- 2 - GREiaC
Loxias, May 12. 1909 •
(3) To see that voters vote in their respective communities instead of trying to vote at all three in one day.
(4) Each comraxinity will elect its own officers, who will be expected to be present at all of the central committee's meetings.
(5) Three delegates will be elected, one from each community, to repre- sent their respective presidents. They will be elected annually at the same time the presidents are elected.
(6) The officers will submit monthly reports to their presidents, who will verify them and see that they are printed in the Greek newspapers so all may know what is being done.
(7) Por patriotic or philanthropic benefits, the officers of all commtini ties must be consulted and an agreement reached before anything is done.
- 3 -
&REEK
iuj
mk
^
A
Loxias, May 12, 1909.
(8) The property on Loomis street is to be sold. The money gained in this way is to be divided among the three churches and is to be used for ecclesiastical and educational purposes only,
(9) Instead of spending their time in taverns and coffee-houses the priests are to teach the children of their parishioners on week-days. When the priest has a sufficient number of pupils, he will be paid $30 a month extra for teaching them.
(10) The church on 19th and State streets is to be the main headquarters.
(11) All little problems are to be cleared up Immediately and -
(12) All must vow to help all they can instead of starting arguments over petty trivialities.
GREEK
III C
II B 3
III E
Loxias, May 12, 1909,
VARIOUS NEWS
p» 4.- On the day of St* Constant ine the South Side Church will give its first annual picnic under the auspices of the South Side Greek Orthodox Church of Chicago* All Greek Chicagoans are invited.
On the same day the club of Greek Youth is giving a picnic and expects all of our countrymen to he present. They expect to make enotigh money to build a gymnasiiim.
Ill c
II A 2
GREEK
Loxias , May 12, 1909.
MISCELLANEOUS NEWS
p. 2- Mr* Bratsollas wishes to annoiince to the public and to Mr« Kontaucis, a restaxirateur, that he is not responsible for debts incurred during the recent ecclesiastical convention. Here is the situation* The members of the community selected Mr. Kontaxis* restaursuit as an ideal place to hold their convention* He agreed, and from 8 in the morning till 2 the next morning he closed his restaiireint to the public ana lent all services to the fifty delegates, keeping them well supplied with food, drinks, cigars, etc*
Now the question arises, who is going to pay, Mr* Bratsolias, Mr* Kontaxis or the community? Of course, Mr* Bratsollas, who saw that all arrange- ments were carried out, won't pay, neither will Mr* Kontaxis who had nothing to do with the convention, and neither, as a matter of fact, will the community because it has no money in its treasury. The matter stands!
Ill c
GREEK
Loxias , May b, 1909.
POim*ED PARAGRAPHS
p. 2«- Our community problem will either be solved during the coming two weeks or all hope will be abandoned. As we see it, the North and South Side communities are for having a central committee to plan the course of events for both churches.
If the two or three men who rule the community intend to fulfill their duty for the good of the entire Greek population of Chicago, we welcome them; if not, we ask them to resign before they start anything at all*
All clubs, organizations and governments have a leader. The Greeks of Chicago have more trouble with their leaders than the Sultan of Turkey has over his entire dominion. We are being made a laughing stock because twenty or thirty Greeks, out of a population of 20,000 cannot agree on any one subject*
We have written about this plenty of times, but the church question will really never be solved until we conquer our one great weakness - that of being Jealous of our fellow countrymen.
- 2 -
OHEEK
'^o
im.s
Loxias, May 5, 1909.
We would have been happily \inited last year, if Mr. Argyros hadn't shot out his x>oi8onous arrows at the meetings. He is the man who has caused strife and discontent ever since. We are trying aigain this year# Who knows whether we shall succeed or not?
Many say it is too late to have a Panhellenic Union, but at least we can have a general meeting, occasionally, of all the communities in our city* We can decide the boundaries of the churches ana settle all problems that may arise*
The situation is in a very critical spot and we doubt if anything will be done about it, especially now that the hot weather has come upon us.
Ill C SREEK
" "'^^ ('-> m m,'i
Loxias, May 5, 1909« MISCELLANEOUS NEWS
P. 3«- I'he temporary officers are inviting all members of the Greek community of Chicago to a meeting at which will be discussed the newly written constitution* We have learned that this constitution will closely follow the program laid out hy the Greek consul, Mr. Koromilas on his recent visit here*
The three main articles of the constitution will deal with:
(1) The year of establishment of the organization, niimDer of members and amount of dues*
(2) The rules and regulations of voting and election of officers*
(3) The dates and periods of time on which elections will be held*
Ill C - 2 - gRESK
IV
Loxiaa. May 5. 1909. V^PA (!lU FROi. 30275
The first elections will be held fifty days after the constitution has been adopted, lifenty-five to thirty men will be nominated of which twelve will be elected to the Board of Directors.
We feel that the place of meetings and elections shotild be decided now while everyone is in accord with his neighbor. Any further information on this subject can be obtained by calling Dr. C. Petroulas. His phone number is Black. 3045.
Ill c
GREEK
Loxlas, April 28, 1909. Wf A (ILL '^ PPr : ^r.7L
THE SOUTH SIDE CHURCH
p« 3*- Last Sunday, as was announced, the South Side Church on 63rd street, held a meeting* After the usual speeches. It was announced that the new church would be named St# Constant ine» Over 350 people were present and all became members upon paying twenty-five cents* Temporary officers were elected as follows: T. Koumo\inzis, president; C. Bretos, vice- president; G. Tsoporis, treasurer; Mr. Christopoulos, secretary; G. Kon- togiannis, recording secretary; and advisors, A« Apalodimas, A. Rousopoulos, P» Mltos, U. Petropoulos, C. Bratsolias and C. Papaleonardos. Greatest credit for building the church must be given to G. Papaellou and J# Komlnakls*
"S
O ^-
III C
II A 3 b
IV
Loxias, April 21, 1909*
A LETTER
Chicago, April 20, 1909
Mr« Loxias:
I beg you to print the following announcement in your paper so the entire Greek Community will know about my proposal.
Announcement
Because I cannot xmderstand the reason the officers of the G-reek Church, Holy Trinity, want me to resign as choir-master, I will offer my services, free of charge, to any of the other churches for an entire year. If they find me qualified, they can employ me at $240 a year thereafter.
N. Dokos.
5 ^n- sj
- 2 -
ORSEK
Loxlnn, April 21, 1909.
Loxias saya, - e are sorry to hear that Mr. N* Dokoa has been compelled to resign. The reason is, iindouhtedly, that he is an honest cind patriotic Ban, doiiivf^ much good for the church, and, as such, he does not fit in with the plans of the officers. We hope one of the other churches accepts his offer because he is too valuable a man to lose.
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'sj
Loxias, A-'^ril ,?1, 1909
iiUr^ (ILL7 :'!-'0j :>i^/5
a::'0'_.u? T.-i:: lot
r>. .'^•- f.very J-reek becaiae interested i.i the lot on Loornis Street and it has been sold for ^27,0j0. This siu.i is cC(Din^ to "be divided into three "oarts, for t-ie oouth, l;ort:i and -est Sides.
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QrRr:3i
Loxias, A:Til L^, 1909
uJilL POOit LOT
T). 1.- The G-reek comnunity bou;];ht a lot on Loomis street several years a.x;o for 4.40,000 ex;oectin^- the value of the lot to increase. The lot was bought under the ^residency of G-regory Paoaeliou, with 19 other meiabers and without the conr^ent of the trea^sury. The treasury insists that it cannot nfiy the interest ajid should dro"o the lot, losinoi; $6,000 in the deal. The value of the stock has droooed to c,^.'''>2,350.
Various sucvv-estions have been submitted as to what school could be built on the s^ot or it could b^ rented to Anvricnjis. The ouestion of building; a hos'oital is irnoossiule uecause .;:240,000 at least are needed for this.
The 3-reeks of Chica;go V*ave becowe ouite successful in buildin^- churches, ''•"hy don't they build one for the Ilorth Side, so we \/ill have three? It
IS
as -ood a su£^cj;estion a.s any other.
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GRESIC
Loxias . April 14, 1909
CHUlvCH NS./S
WPA (ILL,) ?ROJ. 30275
p. i5.- Our tv;o churches of Chicago made over $3,000 durin/-- the "'faster holidays. It shows that v/r. really a.re church-minded, if only around Easter time.
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%
Q.prvr.T.
Loxias, March ol, 1909
ZCCLT'SIASTICALS
0. 1.- How thiit all the exclteiaeat is over and the churcn on the South Side has been duilt, other t'nin^-s coine to v/orry the comniuni cy. Still envelopea in tne s-oirit cf Christianity the builders of the church arran^^'ed a sumotuous danouet and invited the nei.bers of the est Side Church, They can't ijinderstand why the '-.est Siders did not acceot the invitation and re- fuse to hc-ve frien. ly relations with the Soutn Siuers.
Anot.'ier -oroble:n is tne fact thrt the South Side Church cannot fiau any £2,00 d choir sin.;er3.
Soinebudy su, ;„^'£3ted that t/ie corj;:ittet. run a nine triru the jas nains lec.-d- in^^ to the est Side so t-iat their choir i:rjsic could "be he* rd in the South Side Church •
GrRSEK
Loxias, !^arch 31, 1909
Since t'lis is an ecclesiastical ve.iture , t;ie aoes shoula be donated "by the ^-as conroany.
xhese fev; -oar.'v.:;ra'^ns i:end to S'lov/ the attituae of the South Side and the ^'est Siae Churches.
'.e have just heard that a v/idov/ of a priest and her oaralyzed son are in Chicago in nuch distress. w'hy don't our "Christian church-huilders" do something about it insteao. of ;j;ivin^^ banouets which ^-uests refuse to attend?
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III A The greek 3tar, :.:ar. 5, 1909.
I G
VJIDIS3PR2AD PROTiiST.l."?r FROPAGANDA W OUR COLH-IUITITY
(Editorial)
In the last issue of The Greek Star^ we dealt v/ith the subject of Protestant ^
propaganda which is being used to proselytize members of the Greek Community. ^
Time and again, this newspaper has warned our people against such propagan- p
distic campaigns which attempt to disorganize the Greek Orthodox Church. ^
Our innocent and unsuspecting people should know that there are such prop- 3
agandists going about; they have taken advantage of religious freedom and 2
tolerance in the United States to put up churches and organizations of their ^ own*
Svery Greek v/ho happens to be proselytized by such Protestant groups becomes a most fanatic missionary for the spreading of their novel ideas. These renegade Greeks who have not only renounced their religion and particular
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III A The Greek Star, Mar. 5, 1909.
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faith, which are the main characteristics of a true Greek, but they are also v/aging war against the creed, the doctrine, the practices, and traditions of our Church.
Any Greek who denies his religion must not be called a Greek, but a traitor. He should not be allowed to associate or even to speak to other Greeks. The self-appointed and self -ordained priest of this Protestant sect, Dan Adalis, who, we are grieved to say, is or rather was a Greek, has been defaming our Church publicly and, in addition, has spread his propagandistic nets to catch as many dissatisfied Greeks as possible. We cannot promise Adalis that he will not be able to induce some fools to follow him and his employers, but we ca.n assure him that no Greek in his right mind will leave the sanctuary of the Greek Church, without which no Greek can live decently and happily.
$ ^
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III A The Greek Star, Liar. 5, 1909.
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Those who had the misfortune to know sach a debased character as Adalis, know that while he v/as unemployed soma months ago, he was willing to take any job — even the job of injuring his own people and harming our institutions so long as there was something in it.
The disgraceful name of Dan Adalis is Imown to many Greeks, but, in order T
to make it known to all for their protection. The Greek Star wishes to inform 2r
all that this man is a vagabond and a fake. He has been engaged in so many f"
illegal activities that if the law should catch up with him he would be put "t5
in jail for life. J
CO It would be doing our people a service if we suggested that he be prosecuted and "^
driven out of Chicago, if he continues annoying our fellow countrymen.
This is what we have to say about Adalis; as far as the other propagandists are concerned, -^e v;am them to seek new converts among their own people.
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III A The Greek 3tar. Har. 5, 1909.
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Other nationalities may become Protestants, Mohammedans, Jev/s, and Buddhists, but the s^eat majority of the Greek people will remain Greeks and Orthodox Christians, adhering devotedly to an age-old doctrine and Church that have supported and saved the Greek nation in its long and adventurous history. So, our enemies are warned to keep a^^ray from our people.
We are forced not only to call the attention of our people to these new forms -'T of foreign religious propaganda, but also to ask our clergy, especially, to 5 attack those v/ho would v/eaken their authority and destroy the Church. Let ^ our priests, that is, those who, before anyone else, are expected to fight !^-:^ for Orthodoxy, seek out those who wish to corrupt our faithful, poison their ": minds, and eventually draw them away from the fold. Let our clergy emulate the struggle of Saint Louis's Reverend Fiabolis who was outstanding as a valiant defender of the Greek Church during the religious controversies and proselytizing attempts in New England.
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III A The Greek Star> Mar, 5, 1909.
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From the colunms of this paper, we wish to sound the call of salvation. ^Ve wish to v/arn the good and patriotic Greeks of our settle- ment to beware of treacherous Greeks who are agents of foreign interests and who v;ork smoothlj^- and surreptitiously among our people. Cur Community has been infected by them and the resulting disf?race to the Greeks of Chicago is reflected on all the Hellenic element in Ai".ierica.
In the name of our honor cjid sacred Church, we raise a protesting voice. 77e appeal to the press, the clergy, the heads of our various institutions and organizations, businessmen, and eveiy patriot to co-o::)erate with each other to enlighten the people in the face of the many threats that are confronting us. First, then, we must educate our people and strengthen their moral stamina and, secondly, we must exterminate those countrymen of ours who are a disgrace both to themselves and to the Greek name»
r
Ill G OHEIK
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I C llie greek 3tar> ..ar. 5, 1909.
IV
iin: riRST c::^riciAL a:::ssioiT
CF TIC GRffii: C0:„U1TY
(Editorial)
Last Sunday, tlie menroers of the Sreek Coi.xiunity of Chicago convened in the Gemania Kail at the recuest of the nev/ly elected coiLniunity and church §
administration. Lore than one huiidred and eighty active and iiiTluential ""
Co
members of the .reek settlement :vere present during this first higiily S
iraportant session of the Coirjiiunity. c5i
Indeed, the meeting of the Greek Comi. unity last Sunday v/as an historic one, because, on that occasion, important decisions v/ere made concerning the unification and consolidation of our comiaunity into one body, v/hich, in the future, xTill v;ork in concord and hariaony. In that case the many needs of the Greek settlement ^'ill be talcen care of. xhe supplying of
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I C The Greek Star, Imr. 5, 1909.
these needs v/illmost certainly raise our community to a high social, economic, and cxiltural level; in this way, we can all work for the common good.
The present new executive council of the Greek Community of Chicago has assiimed authority with a complete program of work for the improvement and the continued advancement of our public affairs. Judging by the work which has bean accomplished by the council to date, we can see that it is indeed inspired with excellent ideas and purposes. It did not start making arbitrary decisions, though, according to the community's constitution, it is given that pov/er. It enforces no official decree or law vdthout the consent of the majority of the Community, which entrusted the administration with the guidance of the destinies of the Greek people of Chicago. This means that the executive officers are not doing whatever they please, without the advice and consent of the people •
This was proved during last Sunday's meeting when an attempt was made to
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I C llie Greelc Star, i..ar. 5, 1909.
IV
settle the case Ox the xieverend .archimandrite Cyril a. v>reorgiades, •^he innortant case of this liCMber or the hi^lier Greek clerry occupied the attention of the council froii the ver:/ beciniiing, and, richtly so, because it \?: directly connected v/ith the proble:.. of unifying our Comraunity forces* 'This vital :robler;i v/as neglected for some reason in the past; that is v/hy little 3ror:reGs has been ir.ade,
■
i^B l.xr. 3piro .-Ctc.]:is very aptly expressed it — r.iuch inlc and paper have ^oe%n ^
used in connoct-o.i v/ith the aforesaid probleia. Inspealcable insults and accusations have been hurled at the venerable x-ather Cyril Lreorgiades, xO these insults, the r^everend rather subiiitted v;ith the patience of J^ob and a spirit of true Christian brotherhood in the hope that some day justice v/ould pervail,
-he case of i?'ather Cyril v;as finall^^ disposed of at last Sunday's nieetinc
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I C The Greek Star. Mar* 5, 1909.
17
when, by request of the executive council of the Greek Community of Chicago » the RoTerend Archimandrite Cyril Georgiades agreed to deed the % Saint Nicholas Greek Orthodox church at 1927 South State Street , as well ^ as the recently purchased cemetery lots near Blmwood, to the official Greek p: Conmninity of Chicago for the sum of ^l^SOO* The Community also takes ^
possession of the furniture and all the equipment of the purchased church. ^
One of our priests will take charge of the Saint Nicholas Church until the new church building on the South Side is put up« At the same time, Reverend Cyril will direct emd supervise our Community school as he has long experience and the necessary qualifications for this most important position* Very soon, he will be asked to organize a new school for the needs of the Greek families on the South Side*
Because of the existence of another Greek church, though a small one, a
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I c The Greek Star, 1-ar. 5, 19C9.
IV
sreat a.iount or Triction ueveloiDed, wliich divided oxir coiiix.iunity into t'TO v/arring and conpetin^ factions, leather Cyril, v;lio v/as pastor of the
Saint -icholas Church; the executive cou^icil of the i^reek Coimiiunity of ^
Chicago; those who participated in the meeting, that is, both the majority r^
and minority T>arties, must be co-cratulated for restoring order and peace ^ to our formerly divided cca^miunity. o
•ihe nevj administration of our coi.uiunity has demonstrated that it is able S to promote the common interests of the Greek people, i eetings such as ^ last SuTiday^s which give the people the opportunity to discuss and debate cuestions of general policy are v/hat v;e need. j.he opinion of the majority croup prevailed . last Sunday, ^hat is v/hy v/e tackled successfully the problem of party and church unity in Chicago; that is v/hy our school has been put on a sound basis; and that is v/hy the members of the Greek Con^munity carry on courageously in their daily lives v/ith full confidence and high hopes for the future v/elfare of our people.
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Loxias, .rrcji o, 1909
s ALL II.::. 3
•n
T:.- Lr.st SiHid
'.y »
GreelcG
J •
:'t R ineetin,-; cr t'le cominunit:'", t le foliov/in/; orominent s-oo":e: Dr. Petroulas, Dr. Jlieodore , J. Clieroiiis, x^. Eut.'^j^cic .s , Pa;oadakis and S. I^otr.lris. "Jveryone seemed to be v/ell -oleased Y;ith the Meet in;; exce-'t ..r. Ar-iyr^'As, vmich .i;j natura.l-
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The Greek Star, Feb. 26, 1909 •
THS PROTiiloTiVNT PROPaGhI\TDA IN CHICAGO DIRECTED
Aa^INST OUR NATICNiULITY
Only a few days ago, we heard rumors to the effect that there is widespread propaganda at work in this city among our ovm people, organized and directed by certain Protestant groups. At first, v;e did not give these reports any serious thought because we had no positive information. Today, however, we received a letter from our good friend and one of our Community's most highly esteemed citizens, I^ir. Eustathios Karzis, who reliably informs us that a group 2 of propagandists has established its headquarters on the near North Side and ^ has already attracted many Greeks there with the ultimate purpose of prosely- tizing them into the Protestant faith and their other infernal organizations.
;/e are sorry that a lack of space makes it impossible for us to publish Jar. Karzis' revealing letter. Ilov/ever, we wish to say that what Ivlr. Karzis writes is not imaginary or mere conjectures, but facts. Only last Saturday, when he succeeded in coming in contact with the above propagandists, so that he was
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The Greek Star, reb, 26, 1909.
able to discover how they operate and what methods they use in their prosely- tizing campaign.
I7e hope that we can give sufficient v/arning to the many among our own people, -tj
who, in their ignorance and simplicity, might be influenced by the '^fast and ^
fascinating" talk of such propagandists. ..e are forced to admit that unless ^
the activities of those dubious individuals are checked and unless our in- ^^
nocent members of the Greek Orthodox fold are informed as to what is being ^ done, the Greek Church will lose many of its m.em.bers and see its power and influence wane.
Those '^apostles'* of the Protestant faith are fanatical tools of small and newly-formed groups of reliq;ious zealots whose object it is to undermine the older and firmly established churches of Christ. They use the lack of vigi- lance and /weaknesses of the other faiths to gain new converts. They are nov; boasting of ordaining a certain Greek by the name of Dan Adalis as a priest. This despicable character has committed so many sins that much more than that
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III C - 3 - GR3EK
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The Greek Star, Feb. 26, 1909.
will be required to save his soul.
The Greek people of Chicar^io have stru^^gled so hard to preserve and strengthen the Orthodox Church in America. Hundreds of thousands of dollars have been spent to put up church buildings and schools where the traditions and culture F of our forefathers v.lll be perpetuated. .7e have invited the best and ablest ^ priests and teachers for our enlir^htenment and guidance in matters intellectual 3 and spiritual. Isn't it no;v regrettable and calamitous that numerous Greeks 2 are selling- and renouncing one of their most -orecious possessions — their faith, ^ loyalty, and devotions to the Greek Church? It is truly sh-irneful to see mem- ^ bers of our faith surrendering^ their souls to reli.^ious fanatics and propogan- dists. May we remind the Greek peoole every.vhere that our faith and our Church has done so much to preserve the Greek nation and save it from total oblitera- tion? For centuries the Greek Church has contributed inestimably tov;ard the maintenance of our freedom ana national consciousness. Certainly, a church that stood up txirouf^h four dark centuries of the worst kind of oppression and slavery is vvorth defendinr; and loving.
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Tc~
']?b.e Greek Star, Feb. 26, 1909.
The Greek Star v/ill do all in its po'ver to fi,^ht this nev; heresy and dissuade ^ any Greek ftom leaving the Greek fold. .-^
In the next issue we will atteinpt to expose those traitors amongst us v;ho are ^ v/orking to proseljrtize our people and undermine our Church. g
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GRSEIC
Loxiai, :'tb. 1), 1909 W?A (III,) ?;;::
^'■/ ■ .,.' -;
-o. o.- 'Te ;-re told triat t::e South Siders rtre £; t-ierinv, money to build a nev: CiiurC'i, because it is too fr.r to :^*o to the .^est Side. These reforra- ers ojo froia store to store ;^sl:in;<;: for noa,,y, to b-ild a church, they say.
llov/ much do you su'o-^ose the^' ash fro:.. e:ch i:ian? Ti'-ey start with ■:;;50, but* if you ^;ive then a ten-sr>ot, they* II tahe it. '-^hey tell yo^' dimes and nic.rels vron't ouild ;. church. '. ou must dig dee-).
ihey v/ant a nev: churc-i because the hest Side is too far, they say. Last year tiic est Side v;as rijit rrt their doors because they held ofiices in the ciiurch and could uo \rii t they - leasea. As soon as they were ou:]ted, the church is too far so tViey i.iur^t have a ne^; one.
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ores:
Loxias, Veb. 10, lt09
They exoect the "0".'blic to sv/allov; these iulls, but t-.i.e 'ouulic lias sv/Cullowed the::! before r.nd . re not A-':oi*i : tr be so easily loclecl. '^he situa"**"^ on is
c>
filleu v/ith coined;'. These c;mrc:i-builderc looi:: u^on themselves a.s Christ- ipn;3, savin^" the souls of the cora::on "veo'ole.
One ola.yfiil contributor ^jave tiie collector an envelo'oe whic-i lie said con- tained sjdO, The soul-savers ^'^raisea hii.i to the shies ^..nd left. Tfhen they ooened the envelope and found it stuffed v;ith f)lain green na-oer, tn^ir anger knev; no boujids.
They \:ert:. in an e.-ibarrassin.; oosition because tlie donator ha.d v;ltnesses that he gave ,.5J. Vhe collectors v/ere forced to -o:.^' t'le s^Jja out of their own "oockets so as not tc be accused of erabezi:le lent.
At the rate they are -joiji -;, the:' had better build a churc'i soon or leave the country. It isu^t s* f*:. for tl en cany other v/ay.
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III A The Greek Star> Feb. 5, 1909. 17
THE COlMJiaTT AND ITS PROGRESS
(Editorial)
GREEK
re*
All the Greeks of Chicago will be glad to be informed that their Community S
has entered upon a new era of reconciliation and peaceful development. The 2
spirit for unified effort and sincere co-operation has begun to prevail in a ^ Greek settlement which was badly and disastrously divided.
This is the most pleasing news of the times, for through the co-operation and reconciliation of the two opposing political factions in the Community much can be done in the way of constructive reorganization. Only a month ago political wrangling was so violent and explosive in the Community that there seemed to be no prospect of peace.
Indeed, now that the Sanitsas party is reconciled to the victorious and newly elected party of Dr. Chris Petroulas, work of great importance will be completed,
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III A The Greek Star, Feb. 5, 1909. IV
reflecting honor on our populous eind progressive Greek Community of Chicago. It will raise this Community far above all other Greek communities in America, and rightly so, because the size of our Greek settlement warrants such a distinction.
The turbulent election days will be quickly forgotten; the sarcastic give and take of the campaign will cease; theuik God that the spirit of peace and harmony returned to Chicago. Victors and vanquished have now agreed; all have promised to work for the common good. This fact was greeted by all with shouts of joy. The Greek people of this city had grown sick and tired of the endless strife and arguments in courts and meeting halls. It is such demonstrations of blind passion, uncompromising stubbornness, and disunity that throw communities, or- ganizations, and even entire nations backward; such activities creates anarchy, confusion, and internal disorganization. Ultimately, such small or large or- ganizations are doomed to die ingloriously.
But, now, the proud Greek Community of Chicago can raise its head high and say:
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III A The Greek Star, Feb, 5, 1909. IV
'^I shall strive to accomplish great things; I shall become worthy of the good people who are v/orking hard to establish the best schools and churches, to bring all classes of the Greek people together regardless of occupation, circumstance, or former allegiance."
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It is only fair that honor and praise should be given to all those who helped bring the tv;o opposing parties together. Our fellow countrymen of the South ^ Side, who now are ready to offer the new administration of the Commiinity every possible support, deserve high praise. May all their hopes be fulfilled, especially their desire to build a new Greek church on the South Side. A magnificent church is to be built to serve those Greeks vdio are living at some distance from the Greek settlement in the neighborhood of Hals ted Street. The sum of $15,000 is available for the purpose. So, our Community is solidly united behind an executive and administrative council which has the power and the ability to guide the common destinies and the vital interests of our com- munity. It really would be useless to accomplish any great community task without the active support and friendship of the opposition. It would really
3»
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III A The Greek Star. Feb. 5, 1909. IV
be a pity to have such a great cornmunity divided against itself* ^ It would be a great injustice to regard the Spartan, the Athenian, the Tripolitan, the Argive, etc., as non-Greeks. V/e are all brothers, we are all Greeks regardless of what part of Greece each one of us cones from. Most of us have come to America with a common purpose and with one steadfast g hope, and that is to return to our native land richer and more secure for the future. The prosperity which we look for in America, we hope, will in- sure us and our families in Greece against sickness and poverty. To obtain 5! such security, however, and in order to secure full satisfaction for our future contentment and happiness, we must have unity, co-operation, mutual respect, and confidence in each other.
Fortunately, a constructive spirit is prevailing in our community. The die is cast» V/e have made the irrevocable decision to patch up our former differences, co-operate, and unite — for in unity there is strength.
We would not fail to mention the praiseworthy stand of Mr. John Rifakis, the
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Judging from the annual budget which was submitted to the council and the general membership of the community, one can easily see that we have before us a wide field of activity. Last year's balance sheet has shown a large sur- plus which will give the council the necessary funds with which to work out an excellent program of activities for the current year.
Not only the regular members of the Church Community, but even the nonmembers are asked to co-operate in the application and enforcement of such a
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III A The Greek Star> Feb. 5, 1909. IV
former treasurer of our Community, for not participating in the recent factional battles. This attitude on the part of 1^. Rifakis is deeply appreciated by the Greeks of Chicago who can now better appreciate his character and honesty. He kept close watch over our finances. Not even one penny was misappropriated during Mr. fiifakis' term of office and during the stormy debates of the election campaign. This is a most encouraging fact, 2 because it shows that some of our community officials work without party con- '^ slderations.
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III A The Greek Star, Feb. 5, 1909.
IV
pretentious program. V/e are sure that there will be no Greek in this Community who will not contribute toward the improvement of our church. No one will refuse to support our schools, our settlement house, and our small community centers. Our school personnel, our clergy, our press, and F our consular officials must be supported by all who want a progressive, up- ^ to-date, and ambitious community. 3
CD
What this Community needs most at this time, besides the school and church, is a hospital of our own. Can this dream of every Greek in Chicago come true? Every Greek will be proud of such an institution which will minister to the most urgent needs of our people. Not only will every Greek be, thus, properly treated and cured, but he will also be among his own people. The patient will have a great feeling of comfort on hearing his own language spoken and on see- ing members of his own nationality around him. The erection and equipping of a hospital may seem like a difficult problem and a task requiring superhuman efforts. In spite of all, however, the project is feasible provided that there is sufficient discussion and systematic planning. It will be necessary to find
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III A The Greek Star, Feb. 5, 1909.
IV
out how much money the Greek people of Chicago are spending aimlessly and fruitlessly* We must discover how many Greeks in the Chicago area will be served by a community hospital. The Greek Community of Chicago is large enough and prosperous enough to afford such an institution. Why should our people be forced to go to an American hospital when better treatment at more reasonable rates could be obtained in a hospital of our own? V/e can and should raise the money. We have a large number of excellent Greek doctors who would staff the hospital* What we now need is efficient campaigners and organizers who must convince the people of the need and usefulness of such a hospital. S^
At any rate, if their appeal is not heeded, it is of the utmost importance to keep our people united. They must never lose sight of the great objectives which we have been setting fortn m these editorials. Nor should they lose confidence in their leaders. Such a loss of confidence in our leaders would disrupt the normal development of our community life and would endanger our welfare and prosperity.
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GRZEK
;0::ir.io, Feb.
1 ono
vypA (U l.) "ROi. 3Q275
0. 1.- Lr.st j'ridrv , rz J'lOO entv;ortli, a rneetin;,;; oi all South Siders too-Z -olace iii orat-r to solve t-i- church -^rouie..:. At 6 o* clock the hall w.-^.s crowded to Cc--<pcMcit;' . C. Petroulas '.as chp.lri.ia.'i of the evenirig. He s"oohe on the need of another churc-i, esoecially to trie Sout/i Siders who had to go so far for services, he v.-as follov.'ed oy speakers T. Kounoun-is , G. 3ri;i:;::t or X/\nthos, A. A"oalodihi:\3, P. iioris, J. Croanoo- oulost All sooice in fr.vor of cnioth-r ciiurch. I'he nie.^iben-', of trie cora.nunity ?/ere ^^iveri till th^e ne::t Meeting:; to thin^: it over.
_-BS*i-: -aitt.-'
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GREEK
Loxias, Jan. 20, 1909
UNITED GREEK COLLViUKITY OF CHICAGO
To all members; -
A general meeting will be held at 3 o'clock, Sunday, January 24th, at German Hall, Harrison and Green Streets, in order to acqviaint members with the new officers. As this meeting is of great importance we ask everyone to be present.
Chicago, Jan. 18, 1908 President Secretary
C. Petroulas J* Stefanou.
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GREEK
WPA (ILL) PROJ J02/5
Loxias, Jan. 20, 1909
OUR COIvU/IUNITY PROBLEMS
Now that the excitement of the elections has died down, we expected to see harnony reign among the Greek people of Chicago. It seems that Dr. Petroulas shoiild make a good president. The only trouble is that the Greeks refuse to cooperate.
Every possible issue is disagreed upon by one side or another. They forget that we are all Greeks, of one language, in a strange country, who must stick together if we want to progress. From today, we must resolve to support one another, our nationality and our church. Dr. Petroulas is more than eager to bring about a central Greek community and we should help him all we can.
At the next general meeting try to keep harmony and peace for the good of all the Greeks of Chicago.
HI c
G
Hj; GRSEil STAR. Dec. 25, 1908.
OUR CKUI^CII
:^
'The Greek Ortriocox Church of ^viiierica has occupied the attention of the ^ Greelc irj..i>j;rant ^ror.i the very beGinnin^;* ./herever the Greek iiiunicrant ^ goes, he reels the need of the Greek Churches support and protection. i;o C Greek comunity v/orthy of that nanie is vathout a chuj.*ch. ^ro.ii tine iinme- r^ morial, the Greek people have lived and prospered \mder the c^idance and 2 1 v;ith the blessin.,s of the Greek Church, rhe creat spiritual and intellectual 'cx> \ forces that constitute the Greek Church have shaped our lives v/hich are i::;;^
inextricably linked v;ith the national Greek state. In days of pov;er and glory as v/ell as in times of disasters, despair, and dei'eats, faith in God and adherence to the church iiave kept our people iniited and conscious of their dependence on higher principles of mind and spirit.
The Greek kar of Independence v.^.s v/on, primarily, v;ith the help of the National Church. She prepared the revolution and gave hope and courage
en
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\ III C - 2 - GRHISK
I'
Jlie -';-rej:-: 3tar, Dec. 25, 1908.
to its leaders, rhe Greek nation has grown and developed v;itli the invaluable support of those v;ho minister to our ST)iritual needs and v/ho first undertook ^ to educate the people. 1.^
r — r —
The future of our people in iiinerica v/ill be conditioned by the influence "^
of the Cxreelc Church of ^uiierica. g
Cur church institutions here m Dhicano have been the nucleus aro\ind v;hich ^
' all our social, ecciOLiic, educational, and ST)ritual activities tend to Jj;
* express themselves and develop.
In forthcoming articles, ilie dreek Star v;ill analyze the Greek Church in America and especially our oxm Coniniunity for the purpose of informing the people of the tremendous contributions v/hich it has rendered and is rendering the Greek people.
Ill c IV
GREEK
Loxias. Dec. 23, 1908* RESULTS OF THE ELECTION
WPA (ILL) PRCj J02/6
The restilts of the elections held several Sunday^ ago by the Greek Community of Chicago are as follows:
C. Petroulas, pres. Or. Karkazis, vice. S. Sourapas, treas. I# Stefanou, sec'y
G-. Papaeliou,
!• Venizelos
488
453
469
465
459
459
K. Cheronis 460
E. Kakouriotis — • — — 455
D. Tatoulis 453
B. Trampas 454
D. Kominakos 453
N. Dimopoulos 454
K. Karydis 45b
K. Koniiopoulos — .— — .- 458
S. Kotakis 457
A. Sanitsas, pres. 456
D. Tsampas, vice. 462
T. Kouinountzis, treas. 444
M, Petroupoulos, sec'y 439
P. Rosetos — 446
D. Papanastasiou 43S
G. Mermigas 439
A. Apalodimas 437
C. Bretos 441
L. Mitos 439
S. Faseas 437
P» Manousopoulos 439
F. PapaDimitropoulos 440
G. Karambelas — — 436
K. Loomos 439
Ill C nwicyir
III A
I C The Greek Star, Dee* 18, 1908*
17
UNITED STATES COOHT INTERTSNES IN RBCENT COUUDNrrr ELSCTION
(Xaitorial)
last Sunday was one of the most lisportant days of the year as far as the Greek eomininity of Ghleago is eoneemed* On that day Its moabers went to the polls with enthusiasB and fanatic determination to elect the bocurd of officers of the Greek settlement for the year 1909 •
Presumably, on that day 2,039 qualified members of our community were to go to the Masonic Temple to exercise their constitutional right of franchise, and to select the best qualified leaders of our cooiminity* The task of choosing such leaders is as important as the serrices which they should render in the administration of our comon affairs* These serrices are badly needed at this time*
i •ae
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O
• ♦ I.H iM i
III C - 2 -
ni A
I c The Greek Star> Dec. 18, 1908.
17
Therefore, the great demonstration in front of and inside the Masonic
Temple was a thunderous Greek demand for better leadership and improved f^
administrative methods • Such huge political demonstrations serve to prove 5
how deeply interested the G^eek people of this community are in their future ^
and in efficient, honest, and dynamic leadership. They are fully aware of '-r
the fact that caiicago, which boasts of the second largest and most influential -
Greek settlement in America, must have men with ability, a driving detexBii- c
nation, and intense patriotism in order to make this community a progressive,
modem, and easily adjusted foreign language group*
Even the American public showed great interest in the outcome of last Sunday ♦s election. It, too, is eager to leam what our abounding and tremendous energy can accomplish and contribute amidst the polyglot cultures and environments in this Babel of immigrants. Unfortunately, violence and street brawls occurred among the hot-headed followers of the opposing parties •
CO
en
^11 C - 3 - GREEK III A
I C The Greek Star, Dec. 18, 1908.
IV
Passinc over the regrettable episodes and bloody brav/ls ivhich took place, v;e nov; come to the main subject of interest, that is, the \my in v/hich the now famous elections of last Sunday v;ere held.
It is well knov.n, though it does not add to our dignity and self-respect, ^ that the Lr.ited Jtates court v/as called upon to set the date of the election F^ as well as to maintain public order and arrar.ge other election details. <Z Eov/ever, in spite of the agreement of both parties, and the meaatires taken Ig by the police and the court, the results of the election v/ere not perfectly 2 satisfactory or even fair because the creat masses of c\ir people., the ^ rank and file of the Greek community, were not properly represented, nor was their mandate heeded. This v/as caused by the fact that many voters did not have the opportunity to vote because of the liraited tiiae in v/hich the voters v/ere allowed to cast their ballots. Voting hours were set by lav/ from 8 A. Li. to 10 ?• LI. iliere was only one polling place available to tlie public, uovi anyone v/ill wonder hov/ S,039 voters could have time to
c::>
Cjrr
■Lll C - 4 - GREIilK
III A
I C The are el: Star, Dec. 18, 1908.
IV
cast their ballots properly and leisurely v;ithin 14 hours. V/e do not really know if this method of voting in a single hall and in such a short period of time v;ere devised intentionally by partisan supeiTvising court and police authorities. Irrespective of this, hov/ever, it is nov; generally conceded that the outcome of the election does not represent the true desires of the majority of the Greek comi.iunity.
It is really a misfortune and a sad state of affairs v;hen all the S,059 f^ qualified voters are excluded or prevented from exercising their right to ^ vote. A truly fair and democratic v;ay of voting affords each voter the p opportunity to participate in the government; for in voting he knows that he is doing his share toward selecting the ablest and v/orthiest citizens as resDonsible leaders. A citizen v:ho is not consulted in the selection
O
c>.>
of public officers ./ill offer no co-operation in administering the affairs c_> of the state or of any comiaunity. lie feels that he is merely an instru- r$
ment in the hands of arbitrary, ambitious, selfish, and untrustv/orthy
en
Ill C - 5 - GiGEK
III A
I C The Greek Star, Dec. 18, 1908.
IV
-politicians.
Now that the election is over, v;e do not v;ish to create any trouble or arouse the coFjnunity by recoinrriendine any nev/ election. This i/ould be both costly r^^ and dangerous. So, v/e are respecting and approving the expressed v/ishes ^ of part of the voters of the Greek settlement. V/e all know that in all <::^ probability the resxilts oi' the election would be far different if a noxv r" election ./ere ordered. Nevertheless, The Greek Star takes this opportunity -o to congratulate Dr. Christ Petroulas and his assisting subordinate officers p on their victory in the recent election. V/e v;ish to remind him, however, ; , that he and his rarty have a precarious hold on the affairs oi this community r'J because 1,093 Qualified voters of the comr.iunity were prevented from express- '-^ ing tlieir opinion in the selection of next yearns officers. For the benefit of the general public, v;e publish the names of the nev;ly elected officers and votes received. Dr. Glirist letroulas, president, 486 votes; James Tsiambas, vice-president, 453 votes; Steve Sourapas, treasurer, 469 votes; John Stephanou,
Ill c III A I C
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^he C-reel: Star, Dec. 18, 1908.
GHEEK
secretary, 467 votes; and about ten i-iembers of the church board.
The opposing Reform party riade a fine shov.ing v;ith ihomas Sanitsas, candi- date for president, receivinc 456 votes. r_is friends and supporters receive proportional nujiler of votes, v;hicli, lio^^ever, v:ere not sufficient to v/in ^ over the Progressive party's candidates.
It is nov; up to the court holding jurisdiction over the results of the election to issue a definite decision, as yet, we are not in a position to know v/hat the order of the court v;ill be. uQ can only mention ohat I.r. Sanitsas appeared before Judge rionore vfith the renuest that the election be annulled and a nev/ election held. On the other hand, Dr. retroulas denanded the imncdiate recognition of the validity of the election. After the judge heard both sides, he delayed the issiiance or any definite decision, reserving the right to study the case and the facts presented by both sides.
Ill C - 7 - GffiSK
III A
I C rhe Greek Star, Dec. 18, 1908.
IV
In the reantime, he issued a restrainiiiv;; order preventing Dr. Petrculas and his friends fron talcing; office, oo, for the tine being, LIr. Lanousopoulos is temporary pi-esident of the coLununity.
?• S, Lambros. :J""
-a
CD
CO
QREEK A," >;>>
c
III G iV
Loxias, Dec. 16, 1908 • '>2_^
OUR COiaiUNlTY
p« 1«- With last Priday^s elections our community has finally been filed from Lhe autocratic clutches of the past officers, rhe (xreeks of Chicago have shown that they arc ahle to cope with dishonest, ruthless men who try to destroy and rob them.
A man can be what he wants to be in his home, but he must be kept in his place when outside of it.
In Dr. C. Petroulas, the new president of our community, we have fo\md an honest and able man who will work hard for the success of this organization.
'- J..!'!!' .iLLl ■ ' I ■'♦■jBPI— ■
GREEK
III C
II 2 2 Loxias. Dec. 9, 1908.
o c
A
^SUSE OF CO^aaJNITY FDNEST"
Everywhere one hears of nothing but the organization of the Oreek Comnnmity of Chicago. We are presenting here the whole -oroblem in a nutshell.
The constitution of the orgamization of the Greek Community of Chicago says that at the end of every year reports of the various committeemen are due and elections of new officers for the coming year will be held.
This law was not carried out at the end of the first year. Nor was it carried out at the end of the second year. Members were silently drop- ping out without anyone's knowledge.
Not only that, new members were continually joining, but they were not residents of Chicago. They were continually having dances and benefits to raise more money which went straight to their own pockets.
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GRSM.
Loxias, Dec. 9, 1908
A drive was inavi^urated and 750 new members joined the organization yield- ing a total of $1,500. But the officers forgot that the people were get- ting '^fed up" with giving and not receiving. These people found that $129 was listed as the price for coal for 8 weeks, while only $7.30 was paid out. $600 v/ere listed as expenses for a dance while only $300 was paid out.
The members became suspicious. "How could there be a $129 coal bill for two months for a church? This isn't iVarshall Fields."
The officers' answer to this was, "Sit down, you are out of order." Thus they calmly take care of troublesome members and just as calmly they feathered their own nests.
-. 3 . GREEK
Loxias, Dec. 9, 1908
They thought that the Chicago population was sound asleep and only they knew what was going on. They should be ashamed of themselves. But are they capable of shame? We doubt it.
This year, though, they aren't going to have their cake and eat it, too. For years they have been asking for raoney and people have been giving more than they could afford— "for the church". A stop has been put to this.
Thirteen honest members of the organization are sending a letter to the Governor of Illinois, making known to him the facts in the case. In this way they won't need the unnecessary expense of a lawyer, trial, etc. With only six dollars these 13 patriotic men will see that certain un- desirables be excluded from our Greek Community and put where they belong- behind bars. Thus we will be able to progress rapidly and efficiently.
Ill C GREIEK
III A
17 The Greek Star> Dec. 4, 1908.
THE GREEKS OF CHICAGO
Just a week from now, our Conmiunity elections will be held« During tlie past
month the incumbent Community officers and board of directors, as well as
the new candidates for leadership, have been waging a stubborn and heated
battle to become the people's choice. The financial reports have been
examined by a specieilly appointed committee, and it is reported that the ^
management of our Community affairs, at least from the financial standpoint, ^
has been satisfactory. ~
f —
Of coarse, we have the usual critics who eire never satisfied with anything. ^
o
A fair appraisal of Dr. Chris Petroulas* administration of our church, school, and Community institutions will show that our Community affairs and forces generally have contributed a great deal to our welfare and prosperity.
Considering the circumstances and the past accomplishments of our Community,
^•a.
Ill C - 2 - GrKJimz
III A
IV Jhe Greev Star, Dec. 4, 1908,
the present adr.inistration >ias made an excellent record for itself, xt is nov/ up to the people to approve that record and judge v;hether this year's CoiiiTiunity leaders are worthy of re-election.
Dr. Tliomas Sanitsas and his friends will oppose Dr. Chris Petroulas* party
in the caning elections. In the ranks of both the .reform party under :^
Dr. Sanitsas and in those of the rrocressive party under Dr. Petroulas are
many individuals vAo are not very hi[^ly thought of as Gorncmait:,. leaders.
Nevertheless, let us hope that the vote of the Greek people of this Goitimunity
will select only those v/ho have the best qualifications, character, and
organizing ability.
T)
Cur churches, schools, organizations, patriotic causes, and Creek-.-unerican cultural centers must be reorganized under efficient and intelligent leader- ship. .\11 our coini.-on institutions laust be brought up-to-date v/ithin the
Ill C - 3 - laiJEi:
III A
lY 'xhe Gree:-: Star, Dec. 4, 1908.
coiain^ year. Let us ho:^'e that the iiev/ adrr.inistration v/ill put nev; life in our thriving:, ruribitious, but improperlv led and ii.'iproperly orcanized Com- mtuiity affairs.
'_o
Ill c IV
"O, o.
meet! of Ch State he we
cmiiEi:
Loxlas> Nov. 18, 1908.
^RSSIEENT CF GRESII COLlX^nTY INSIXTE^
deolore the conduct of V.r. Alki'uiades Seraohic at a recent a-; where -le grossly iiiGultc; the "oresident of the (jveeli Community ica<^o. He in-j.st have for.jotten that he is employed by the United s ^^ov^rn.aent. He lac.ced di.;;nity ana acted at this meeting; as if re i.i some low tavern.
•• c
Perha-os, because he is an ernT^loyee of the Unitea States ^jr^'overniuent , he consiaers hi nsel: suoerior to the --^resiaent of the Greek Comj..unit2^. -tlither of the above reasons is a v-ry poor excuse for .r. Sera^-h.ic ' s behavior, '.'e ho-r)e lie will learn to be a ^jentleiri^in before attendiu^ any future nieetin:cs.
Ill c IV
Loxias, Nov. 18, 1908
^pETING OF I,L'.SON^
-0. 2.
Last ."rida^^ '-^ "^^'^^ .asonic -'ehrole, r.:e']bero of the Greek Conrauiiity v;ere invited to elect ins-oectors. l.;? ;:e..bers :uid o non-jieribers v/ere ■oresent. At tlie laeetiii-: .r. A. Saraphic held a heated discusGio:.!, vith the president of the comiiranity, ..r. ..aiiousoooulos, Mid also v;it:i Mr. Pa'oa.eliou.
Ill c
Loxiaa. Oct. 14, 1908,
^GliURCH IN SOUND FIKhNCIAL CONDITION/
p. c:.- Last evenin-;, several ine foers of the Oreek Go;,ir:niaity Organization of 'Jhica.^u held a meetin,; at hr. r.ifo-cis' notice v/herc- it v/as disclosed th^.t tnere care Ql.':' officirl me.iberir: and r^^^7-j2 in the treasury of cur church, Tiiis bi^ addition is due to the recent elections. If ve held
*
elections ev-^ry uontii, v;e could raise oOw,0^.)0 easily in no tli.ie. Let us ho-oe this .^oou wor.: kee-os uo.
III c
III H ^a^^^
IV Loxlas ^ June 24, 1908.
/gbsm. minister attends CHuac^
-0. ?.- Our minister from Gr ece who intends to stay in Chica,;^o a week, to loo:: nu.tters over, visited our church last Svndav. It is to be re- gretted, of course, that of th:^ 20,000 Greeks in Chicajo, less than 1,000 considered it necessary to ^,-0 to ciiurch on that day.
Aiv.Oiiv;: the notables of Chica^:o's Greek Cor.irnunity v'ho accom-oanied i^r. Larabros Kororailas were Dr. G. Papaeliou, II. Vrotopaoas , 0. Vlahandreas ana G. katalas.
-o
III C GREEK
I B 4
III H The Greek Star, Feb. 7, 1908.
OPEN LETTER TO CONSUL NICHOLAS SALOPOULOS CONCERI^ING OUR GREEK CHURCH MUSIC
Dear Sir: ^ils letter lof in regard to the communication of the head of the Greek Orthodox Church of America, His Grace the Archbishop of Athens,
Theocletos, regarding the propriety of permitting modem, choral music to ^in
be sung and played in our two churches, the Greek Orthodox Church of the F
Holy Trinity and the Greek Orthodox Church of the Assumption of the Holy ^ Virgin: We beg you to take action in this matter and enforce the ecclesiastical o
laws and age-long customs of the Holy Greek Orthodox Churches in this city. \^
The Right Reverend Theocletos has spoken and written repeatedly about the ^ use of a quartet or fejo^l modem innovations in the composition and music of the church choir.
As a result of his strict supervision of the Church of Greece, he has succeeded
in G - 2 -
I B 4
III H The greek Star, Feb. 7, 1908.
GRjI3K
in banning the use of the organ as well as of the modem jiuropean quartet ^
in all the churches of free and liberated Greece. He has succeeded in 5
reintroducing the traditional practice of using C-reek Byzantine music in >ci
the Church. p
Cur committee, which voices the desires and wishes of the majority of the g
Greek people of Ghicap:o, resents and rebels at the unorthodox, unconventional, ^
and blasphemous use of the J]uropean and American church quartet in the ^
liturgies and ma:-:ses of the Greek Orthodox Church of the Koly Trinity of cJ^ Chicago.
V7e beg you to prohibit the use of this sort of strange chanting and singing in our churches. V/ill you ask the priest and board /of dir3ctor_£7 of the above-mentioned Church to continue using the Byzantine chants and h^nnns, sung on the Byzantine scale? Our church has not deviated from this ecclesi- astical music in all the centuries of our church's existence. This is the
m C - 3 - GREEK I B 4
III H The Greek Star. Feb* 7, 1908.
the oiay type of music which can interpret the inspired ideas and divine principles of our church* It is the only music which can properly make the old hymns and old church songs of the Orthodox Church perfectly under- . stood and thoroughly enjoyed* It is the only music that brings serenity to the soul, and makes possible the glorification and supplication of God and all the saints*
We ask you to use your authority to put an end to these new innovations, which, if allowed to develop and spread, may undermine and imperil our church* Be assured that you will be fulfilling the desire of our souls; being Greeks and devoted Orthodox Christians, we will never forget your great service in behalf of the preservation of our most sacred and cherished institutions.
In the event that you do not heed our request and urgent appeal, however, we wish to inform you that the people of the Greek community of Chicago will not consider you fit to represent the Grsek government, and to protect and promote the interests of the Greek people. V/e will rise in protest and raise a voice so powerful that it will travel over oceans and seas until it reaches the ears
CO CD
I B 4
m H The GraeK' 3tar, Feb. 7, 1908.
of His Grace the /iPchbishop of Athens, Thaocletos.
'7e have the honor to remain respectfully ^'-ours, 2
-« The Committee of Protest. <^
/Translator's note: Long list of signatures omitted in translation^^ C
CO
ho cr
III C (jB^^mc n B 2 d (1)
IV The Star> Sept. 27, 1907.
REVEREND LEO PYGEAS* ERROR
Last Sunday, the Reverend Leo Pygeas, of the Saint Trinity Greek Orthodox Church, delivered a violent and vitriolic attack against the Greek press of America and against several political figures in our community* We were greatly shocked to hear of this^ for it is well known that' the church pulpit was never intended to become a political battleground where bitter and violent differences are fought over and thrashed out.
By this action of his, the Reverend demonstrated in a disgusting way his abil- -^ ity and intention to introduce modern, strange, and original innovations in our churches* He wants to imitate the people of the New World who have such a flair for novelty and for new-fangled ideas* Is he willfully indifferent to the long-established and revered rules and regulations of our church?
In passing, let us remind our priests that they do not have the authority to introduce up-to-date methods and ideas into the Greek church. Their sacred
Ill C - 2 - gRSEK
II B 2 d (1)
lY The Star, Sept. 27, 1907.
duty compels tlie Greek clergy to obey and enforce the laws and regulations of the Greek church as established and dictated by tradition and by the supreme ecclesiastical authorities of the Greek church. Our priests have been given authority to provide spiritual and moral leadership and enlighten- ment for our people; they have been ti^sted to advance and protect our national Greek intei^sts on every occasion. Therefore, Reverend Pygeas should not have ^ assumed the great responsibility of defying the church, his immediate superiors, his flock, as well as the Greek press and the individuals whom he attacked.
VJe ask this bold and impertinent clergyman: Is this the sermon which you v^ere supposed to preach last Sunday? V7e ask you: I^Jhat is the connection between the" minister of God and the activities and the affairs of the press in the ser- vices of the church? Should our clergy sov/ the poisonous seeds of strife, hatred, and political rancor in the sanctuary of the church — a place where spiritual love must reign, where ever^'" sin is destroyed, where perfect hanuony, brotherly love.
Ill C - 3 - GR^H^
II B 2 d (1)
17 The 3tar> Sept. 27, 1907.
and mutual co-operation should piredominate?
%
We hear that the Reverend aimed his hostile arrows at The Star. Even if
this is not true, it is our duty to mention, with deep sorrow, that our
•distinguished' clergyman should not transform the sacred pulpit of the
church into a fort from where he can hurl his invectives against anyone
he pleases. On the contrary, it is the duty of the priest "to love all ^
in Christ" and follow His teachings and commandments, offering to the faith- S
ful at all times the blessings of brotherly and spiritual love* 5*
Ill C GREEK
The Star, Sept. 6, 1907.
SILENCE IS AN ADIIISSION OF GUILT A letter from Reverend Archimandrite Cyril A. Georgiadis
Mr. James Manousopoulos , the chairman of the governing board of the Greek ^
Community of Chicago, has failed to answer my question, the third one thus "^
far, in regard to the sending of the annual church contribution to the Greek F
church headquarters, the Holy Synod of Greece, at Athens, Greece, on January C
6, 1907. What else is this failure of the head of our church community to 5
answer our insistent interpellation, other than an admission of guilt? 2
CO
Secondly, I challenge the Reverend Archimandrite Leon Pygeas (1) to divulge C3 the names of the witnesses who were present at the time the community board and the Reverend Pygeas questioned those who were suspected of mishandling or fraudulently diverting church funds; 2) to tell us when and by whom v/ere the depositions of the defendants approved when there were no witnesses pres- ent; 3) to state who wrote and signed the sworn statements of the defendants
cr
-J3
Ill c - 2 - GREEK
IV
The Star, Sept. 6, 1907*
in the case when there were none but illiterate witnesses present. And 4),
the commnnity would like to know whether or not Mr. Gregory Papaeliou, who ^
accused me of being a moral accomplice in the fraud, conducted the question- 5
ings • ^
Those of our leaders who are making such loud boasts about their integrity ^
and virtuous conduct in office should tell the truth and avoid every injus- o
tice. Is it not so, gentlemen of the church board? We are waiting for an '^ explanation.
(Signed) The Reverend Archimandrite Cyril A, Georgiadis
Ill C GREEK
The Star> Aug. 2, 1907 •
FIIiAliCIAL CONDITION OF THE aREExv COMMUNITY OF CHICAGO
According to the report released by the Greek Community of Chicago July 7, 1907, covering the financial condition of the community for the period of Ifey 6, 1907 to July 1, 1907, we observe that the income of the community v/as ;if3,786.47, while the expenses were §750,26. Therefore, there is a balance of $3, 036 • 21 in the community treasury.
By mistake or oversight, perhaps, this balance was reported as ^3, 026. 21 by the secretary, that is, the amount of ^10.00 is unaccounted for.
On the basic of these figures the budget of July 1907 was prepared.
No mention whatever is made of the sum of $126.00 which is owed by members of the community who purchased tickets for the dance given last March on the occasion of the national Greek independence celebration. This amount was
-C7
Ill C - 2 - GRjSEK
The Star> Augo 2, 1907.
included in the budget as an item which was collected as we mentioned in the last issue. The $126»00 should not be entered in the assets of the statement because as yet it has not been collected*
This is a serious error on the part of the treasurer and secretary of the ccm- raunity.
One can also see that there are many other irregularities in connection with the church finances. Vie notice, for example, that the receipts of the church are decreasing while the expenses are increasing. There is especially a large expenditure of money for salaries. To illustrate, expenses for the month of July past were ^383.72 while receipts were ^340. 23* By discounting the amount of ^115#00 which was paid for the rent of the ground and building used for church purposes the income is reduced to ^225.23. In other words we have a deficit of ^158.49 for the month of July*
So, we see that the total cash assets of the community are §2, 983*72, or much
;t
Ill C - 3 - , GREEK
The Star» Aug. 2, 1907 •
less than the assets of June, 1907*
This indicates that our coinmunity financial affairs are not going well. We are going backwards instead of forward. In making these facts known to the public we are taking the opportunity to call attention to the many needs of our church, school, and social organizations. That is why we urge the president and members of the church board to go out and collect membership dues and school fees. In addition, our community leaders must stop paying high salaries to unworthy, lazy, and incompetent officials and community workers, such as, secretaries, collectors, teachers, and priests.
The churches money is not to be spent for other than good, productive, religious,; charitable, and educational purposes.
r
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.,„4* ,r omnlrf'rt .lii.-.ic'i-/. ?-e7 ^re cai:e.- this stand because, coiae '- ' .^^,j^ .^^y :j,,jrt^; icamua-i-.-^^ i- otisr states to know tJi,
The Star. July 12, 1907.
VJHO IS TO BLME? $
(Editorial) r
An official statement of the church committee appeared in Bella's which embodied the decisions reached in conference by our clergymen and church leaders. In a sense, this statement is a protest against our fair criticism of the way the ^; affairs of our church community are conducted, YIe felt that v;e should undertake ^ this criticism since we consider ourselves the vigilant guardians of the interests of the community.
By this statement, the heads of our parish pu37port to prove that our coOTwnity or parish is far from divided or disorganized, that it is making rapid progress in a spirit of complete harmony* They have taken this stand because, come v;hat may, they do not wish the Greek communities in other states to know that we are divid- ed«
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Ill C - 2 - GHESK
The Star. July 12, 1907.
Even thougli they are illusory, the statements made by the members of our church governing board are really comforting. But let us say that the progressive spirit of the twentieth centurj'- does not tolerate wishful thinking; it demands facts and achievements.
Mthougli the Greeks are a progressive group, we have noticed that, as a whole, the Greek Community of Chicago has made no progress despite the great efforts and contributions which all of us have made. It is iinpossible to have peace and harmony in a community which is divided into contentious groups, vjhich is j^ torn apart and plundered because of suits and court actions involving our clergymen.
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A conmunity with three wrangling factions, each supporting a different priest, with the Holy Synod and the Greek people of Chicago as silent onlookers, and with so much bitter personal hatred among the warring supporters of the priests, cannot be a peaceful and harmoneously functioning organization.
Ill C - 3 - GREEK
The Star, July 12, 1907,
In vain have the members of the church board attempted to dispel the prevalent idea that there is civil war among the priests and their followers* That civil strife does exist is a widely known and self-evident fact, not in the least doubted by those who can judge. To be convinced of this, one has only to re- member that throughout the last five years, right up to this very day, violent controversy and continuous strife have been going on because of this same problem of our priests* Even the casual student of our community will notice that our ^c. wrangling is the order of the day in the city's courts, y.
Though we have high respect for the sacred calling of the ministry, may we be f^ permitted to observe that the entire attention and all the energies of our ^o priests have been diverted to this strife among themselves? They are doing c their very best to discredit and ostracize one another; each is trying to get the largest number of followers* This is the reason why they participated secretly in the last community elections, in spite of the unconstitutionality ^ of these election activities of theirs* They even succeeded in forming parties
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Ill c - 4 - G^m.
The Star, July 12, 1907.
of their own, so that who can deny that today we have one party headed by the Reverend Cyril, one headed by Reverend liandilaris, and one controlled by Rev- erend Pygeas?
Is this state of affairs going to be perpetuated? Viho will disagree with The Starts suggestion that only the recall of all these priests to Greece by the Holy Synod of Athens and by the responsible bishop will restore peace and haimony among the menibers of our communitjr?
Now, leaving the matter of our priests, let us consider the question of Mr. Geocaris^ gift of one hundred dollars to the church. The members of the church board have declared that the secretary's work would be endless if letters were to be sent to each and every benefactor or to everyone that contributes to the church. By Jove, we never expected such an excuse, for there were very few who donated more than one htmdred dollars. But, in the final analysis, will you please tell us why we pay the secretary? The church never even mentioned the
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III C - 5 - GREZEK
The Star. July 12, 1907.
name of Mr. Geocaris, as it did in the case of other contributors, nor was his name mentioned in the minutes of the various meetings, as required by article forty- three of the bylaws.
The church leaders are now making noisy statements expressing their attitude toward the incident of Reverend Qyril and their desire to establish a new church and Greeic school* ISach has been written on these subjects* There is no need 37 to waste time in the discussion of a subject which has assumed so many different ^ aspects in the political confusion of our community. Besides, we are tired of hearing about the erection of new churches emd new schools. Such projects exist only in the imagination of our ^ambitious** leaders, and who knows when the day for their realization will come?
In publishing the above-mentioned statement of protest, our good church board members have shown that they did not have the courage and the strength to accept our criticisms. On the contrary, they attacked us for meddling unnecessarily in the affairs of the church. We consider it the duty of this newspaper to
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CO
Ill C - 6 - GprorYT
The Star, Jiily 12, 1907*
stand fearlessly and calmly, despite the violent attacks directed against it* We shall continue to call a spade a spade, oblivious to our friendship with some of the wrongdoers and unaffected by the abusive language which is directed against us by an old and decrepit newspaper which is being edited in a^»stable»%
Independent, as always, and belonging to the people, we will never cease con- demning every evil influence, and we shall continue to denounce all those whose activities are detrimental to the best interests of the people* We shall do so for the sake of the community and the truth.
Q^ite a few individuals were annoyed becaxise we took the initiative in attack- ing th extravagant and costly adi.iinistration of our community. We have done so only after long study and careful investigation have pi^vided proof of who is responsible for this extravagance and waste.
We are submitting a detailed list of the extravagant and unneaessary expendi- tures which were made by our church administrators as actual evidence of the
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in C - 7 - GHSEK
The Star, July 12, 1907 •
incompetence of our church leaders and the injustice which is being done to our coinmunitjr. translator's note: This detailed list has been ojnmitted in trans- lation^j/ %
So we see that in a period of four months, $1, 203*70 v;as spent unnecessarily ;i: and with no profit or appreciable return to the church community* Of course, ^j;' this money was spent honestly and in accordance with the provisions of the ?^ bylaws, so we cannot accuse Mr. Rifakis and his associates of dishonesty* But We must admit— and we should be ashamed of the fact — that this amount has been spent for no worthy purpose. For example, last March we gave a big dance which cost us $590» This was the sacrifice which we offered to our fatherland on the anniversary of our national independence* Another lu:2cury was the expenditure of ninety dollars for golden church lamps* Does the difficult lot of our father- land warrant such huge expenditures for the church? Is this the way to show our patriotism and wisdom?
There. are many other articles which were not needed* As truthful and fair men.
GREEK
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I I A 2 a
I A 3 The Star. July 12, 1907.
IV
ON OUR PRESENT SITUATION
(Editorial by Soterios J. Georgiadis)
We think that there is justification for our amazement at the definite mania or passion that has overtaken our community leaders, who, it seems, have been busy during the last two years purchasing lots and church buildings in Chicago.
But we cannot understand why some of us want to increase the financial obliga- tions of our community with an additional loan of $35,000# The lot which was bought for this huge amount of money was desired — and purchased — by only a small group of individuals. Vife cannot see ^y we should make unnecessary and unauthorized purchases of lots and church buildings at this time. Thuc, by acting hurriedly, some of our leaders are causing great harm to the community. There is even danger of losing the only chiirch building which we
Ill C - 2 - GREEK
I A S a
I A 3 The Star, July 12, 1907.
IV
now owii»
It is our opinion that the Greek people of Chicago would prefer to have one, and only one, magnificent cathedral, as befits our prestige, ie do not need more than one good church, however, for this cathedral would be suffi- cient*
The nature of the work that our people are doing and the prevailing custom among the Greeks to attend church regularly every Sunday and on every important national or religious holiday, force them to travel three or four miles by train or streetcar in order to get to church. The distance to the single church which we will have will not prevent our people from going to church.
The young and progressive men who are directing the destinies of our community affairs have absolute confidence in the generous spirit of our
Ill C - 3 - GREEK
I A 2 a
I A 3 The Star. July 12, 1907.
IV
Ijeople. These men, however, should not abuse this generosity by spending the money of the conrnninity on unnecessary projects. Our present
church buildings are enough to neet our present needs.
Our responsible officials can well direct their attention to our educational and school needs and problems. These are important and immediate needs. Or do they think that the church contributes more than the school to the moral edification of the individual?
Confident though we are of their vision and foresight in such questions, we rather think that they have not yet conceived of a practical idea for the establishment of a real school. The belief that the parents have to be first convinced of the effectiveness and perfect operation of the school before they will send their children to them is entirely wrong. In the past, the parents had to be assured, through various publicity channels, that it is now worth while to send their children to Greek school, since a goodly
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I A 2 a
I A 3 The Star, July 12, 1907.
IV
nxunber of studentsare ready to attend. This method of securing a sufficient attendance of students is the result of the selfish and self- seeking motives of certain of our leaders.
A modem, well-organized school with only the highest aims in mind, a school for the benefit of all the people, must operate regai^less of the number of students that are willing to attend. A good school must continue giving instruction even when students are slow to enroll. It must have its doors open even when only three or five students are in attendance. Such a school cannot fail to equip the students with the finest moral and intellectual qualities.
As soon as the first classes meet, as soon as it becomes evident that here is a school which will continue giving full, effective, and systematic instruction, the students will come without being urged. There will then be students ccxning not only from Chicago, but from other parts of the state
Ill C - 5 - GH^Z
I A 2 a
I A 3 The Star, July 12, 1907 •
IV
as well.
As in every other enterprise, in order for a school to succeed and do its work properly, thera must be a well-planned and systematic way of getting things accomplished.
But because we must take into account not only the age of the children but also the distance they must travel to and from school, we must build and maintain a boarding school and hire competent teachers for a kindergarten.
But who can deny that we also need a good afternoon and evening school for the instruction and education of adults? This school can offer instruction on Sundays when the adults can afford to spend a few hours in study or in the classroom. Most of our young men are completely in the dark as far as a knowledge of the Greek language and history is concerned. Even those who pretend to be educated lack an adequate liberal education.
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I A 3 The Star, July 12, 1907.
lY
So, it will be necessary for our teachers and priests to give additional instruction to at least two classes a week in various important and useful subjects. Vtfhy do not many Greeks who are in the professions, or who are edu- cated, give lectures on many useful and interesting subjects?
Let us try to impress upon the minds of the Greeks of Chicago that their mission in life is not merely to work, to make money, and to lead an animal existence, but to develop and improve socially and intellectually. In this way, they can be truly happy and content.
i^e have observed that very few illiterate and ignorant persons have the ability to profit from the lessons and opportunities offered by our social environment and the world in which we live. r.Iost of us need some sort of guidance and instruction fran those who know.
Furthermore, in a certain section of the city where most Greeks are found, and
Ill C - 7 - GREEK
I A 2 a
I A 3 The Star. July 12, 1907.
IV
where laborers especially congregate, no effort is being made to enlighten the people, to point out what is wrong, and to teach humanitarianism and proper conduct.
No serious or practical effort is being made for self-development and improve- ment among our people. Even our priests themselves are not doing or saying anything which will contribute to a fundamental improvement in oixr lives.
I B 4 "^'^=^
^I^ ^ ^tar, June 7, 1907.
J. ... Kotakis, .attorney and Journalist
The much-discussed question of the i-oly Synod of G^reece and the recalled priest of the Chicaco CJreek Community is at last settled, and Kevorend Cyrill Ueor :uadis is found guilty by default by the mother church, the Iioly Jynod of Greece,
Civil and roli^lous lav;s, v/hethur thoy arc richt or VvH-ong, must be accepted and respected by the people v/hom they ^pvern. Disrecard or disobedjence of the lav/s endanr:ers the v^r^-r foundations of society. But laws are ad- ministered OY human beinv^-s, and, therefore;, since the human mind is not free from error, these lav;s are bound to do injustice instead of justice* There are many instances in v.hich an innocent person has been found £:;uilt37'.
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SttjT, June 7, 1907.
.Old one of tliese victims of our impcrf oction is Rever:;-nd Cyrill G^o.-neadis, pri:nt of the Greek Orthodox Church in Chicat^«
ThG aiip of this -irticle is not to criticize the L'oly oynod and its deci- sion in the care of Revorond Ooor.'oadis, but sir^ply to state the facts, as they arc, to the Mot;ior church and to the ^cuirionical Patriarchate, be- cause, from all indications, neitiior the Partiarchate nor the Holy ^^mod is faniliar .vith the Crreek co.l unities in .^jaorica.
As a close observer of v;hat is coinc on in the Chicaf^o Greek community, as v;ell as elsev/here in the United States v/here Greek communities are established, I hasten, v/ith reverence, to brinp; to the attention of the mother church the fact that the intef^rity, dignity, and holiness of the Greek Church are beinri^ undermined by the Greeks in /imerica.
The Loly ?a"uhor.: of the Greek Church are dcli(;litc;d to hear that pious
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Star, June 7, 1907.
subjects of the church in faraway .merica are establishing Temples of God, and that they are request in:": the iiiother church to send her religious servants to preach the Divine Logos and the Holy Gospel, and keep us Greeks of ianerica under the uinrs of Orthodoxy. Noted Driests of demonstrated integrity, outstanding ability, and long and faithful service to the Greek Church are chosen by the Holy Synod, and sent to us in .^jnerica to ]ninister to our relirrious needs. The hearts of those Holy Fathers of the Church are full of joy and thanksgiving that the Greeks in America are not lost sheep of Orthodoxy, but true and staunch follov:ers of the Greek Church, the :irk of true Christianity, which for centuries has with- stood the brutal attacks of so-called Christians as v;ell as non-Christians~ an unsinkable boat, she has sailed in all the turbulent seas of the religious v/orld, and emerged scot-free from adultoration, evil, and false- hood.
'Ire we r.^ally as pious and blessed as our church takes us to be? Do v;e / ■ establish shrines of xvorship because of religious devotion? Are vie -per- . ^" " • *
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StciT, June 7, 1907.
forming our duty as brothers in Christ? Is there any piety and reverence in us tov/ard the holiness of our church? The answers to these Questions are all in the negative.
The dignity, purity, and grandeur or that holiest institution, the Greek Church, is undermined, not from v/ithout by its admitted enemies, but from v/ithin by its so-called followers — the Greek communities in America.
Here is the danger and the underground work of the Greek-i\merican com- munities. .Je establish churches simply in order to create an opportunity for ourselves to become presidents, secretaries, treasurers, and so forth. IVe establish patriotic societies because v/e crave titles. V^Tiore are our religious and i)atriotic activities and deeds?
v7e request the ix)ther church to send us priests, and we want these priests to be our tools, to dance to our v/hip, and woe to them if they dare to disobey our coraraand. Vie load their backs ivith various unfounded charges.
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G-ru-i-i»Iv
Star, June 7, 1907.
and, for ornament, we throv; upon their character and good name a basketful of slurs.
v.e do not expect our priests to do only their religious duties, but vie v;ant them to [p beg^inc from door to door, to raise money for our mortgaged churches, which vie have built v/ithout consideration of our financial powers. The president of the church and his cohorts, in order to pull the wool ovor the peoples* eyes, and make it appear that they are capable administrators of the church's affairs, coimnand the priest to become col- lector, solicitor, and beg.ar, telling him, '»Go ahead, Father, and raise ir^oney before we lose our church."
The good and efficient servant of the church, not being trained in these vocations of collector, solicitor, and beggar, becomes a tool for the wiles and intrigues of the former sheepherders and mountaineers, who, because of their money, aspire to high positions and titles.
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Star, June 7, 1907.
Me have our political factions and figlits, and v/oe to the priest who desiros to stay neutral in our combats. He is iimaediately
throv.Ti out of the parish v/ith a C3:*eat list of incapabilities pinned upon
his ecclesiastical frock.
.\nd who are v/e? V/e, the jud,^:os and the critics of those noted and tried servants of the church, are farm hands and shepherds of yesterday, uned- ucated, uncultured, rustic -eople. But our dollars and our extravagant love of titles, coupled v/ith the Holy Synod* s unfamiliarity with the fabrications oi the Greek comiunities, has {^iven us the pov/er and the inclination to compel our priests to follow a oourise of hypocrisy, indig- nity, and, eventually, unfaithfulness to the mother church,- v/hose holiness depends upon the purity of her ministers.
Some of us vant our priest to be attired in traditional garb — that is, v;ith the long and loose black robe, the chimney-like head dress, and, above all, the long beard and mustaches. Some of us, v7ho desire to be
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Star, June 7, 1907 •
called progressives, want the priest to go along vath the times and be niodern, not ancient or medieval*
However, regardless of how the priest dresses himself, the following accusations will be hurled at him: "hypocrite, pharisee, dissembler, rebel, unortliodox, apostate, dance-hall gigolo." ue want our priest to drink with us in the saloons. If he does not do so, he is unsociable and stingy; if he does, he is a drunkard and unfit to be a priest. In our vanit3^ and pride we v/ant our priest to wear expensive clothes ard to live, he and his family, in a sumptuous building where rents are nigli, but we raise a storm of protest when mention is made of increasing his salary. Because of our audacity and the power vje wield over the meek servants of the church, ;/e dare to meddle even in the priest *s religious work, we say for instance, "Tlie priest did not hold the baby right at the christening"; "The priest did not say such and such a prayer"; and many other things siiameful enough to move even a stone to tears. ,;;
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In a certain community, v/hich is knov/n to us all, a faithful servant of ^^-^
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G^RZUIK
>Jtar> June 7, 1907.
Orthodoxy has lost his job because he dared to rebuke the f;od- father in a cliristeninc i'or his inability to say the "Pistevo". The cultured and hiflily-educated priest, in a raild rebuke, said to the {T.odf tlier, "It is the duty of all Christians in General, and of godfa- thers in particular, to knov; the 'Pistevo', the cymbol of Christianity."
Improper languac© was the ciiarce upon which this iaitliful servant of Christianity vvas discharged from his position. Ho stone was left un- turned in the effort to disiaiss the priest v/ho had dared to utter such an insulting reroark against this godfather, who happened also to be a member of the council which controls the church and its minister.
This
incident of the priest's disraissal has rocked the foundations of that community. But the worst is yet to come. This member of the church's council, after persuading his colleagues to dismiss the offending priest, requested them to authorize hin to deliver the dismissal document in person. Undoubtedly, this arrogant and touchy Greek must have planned to
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Star, June 7, 1907.
say to the priuct, ^'I v;ill .^l.ov; you hov; to r3ay the 'Pistevo' now."
.ilien the facts are ■ s I have stated, can it be said that xie establish churches for piety? Do '-^e call priests to preach the r.pspel and keep us under the shelter of Ort:odox:/V If v;e have an iota of decency ive imist admit our sins to the nothor churcli; v.-e are unworthy of the G^ed thoughts that the LiOther church has for us, ..e are unworthy to have priests, since •;e disriiss them as easily --s e fire a nort-cr or dishwasher. ..e are unworthy of ourselves, v;hen v.e deiiand that the ^cumeniCcl iatriarch recall such and such a priest, with the threat that if he does not do so, we will accept Protestantism as our rolie'^ion. • • . •
This is a nice attitude to assume tov.ard Orthodoxy and the mother church. Relicious folio;. ers of this type are useless in any denomination, are, in fact, a dancer to the v^^ry foundations of any rolicious creed. It is about time that the r;r)ther church discovers wriat kind of Christians we ari., why we establish churches, and wli^^ hor ministers are not suitable
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Gl^Ii^C
Star, June 7, 1907.
to us. llie iiiother church must boar in riiind tliat v;hen her ministers cire treated by us as ordinary dorieotics, as old shoes to be dis- carded at v/ill, h-jr di-^nity, sanctity, and safety are in dancer.
Ilethods must be found to brine; the recalcitrant Greeks of /unerica und . r control of Orthodox^^. Yieldinc to our off ensivoness and pormittinc the rainistv;rs to become victims of our impiety Vsill eventually lead the v;hple church into moral destruction.
One of the iiiany victii:is of our impiety is Reverend Gyrill G-eorgeadis, V7ho, in spite of his thirty-four years of faithful service to the church, and in spite of his beinc the choice of the venerable body that sent him to Chicaco to perpetuate his splendid v/ork, (VQ^ dov.n in the archives of the Holy Synod of Greece as a condemned minister of the Greek Church.
7/hen the mother church crucifies its ministers to appease our vn?ath and thus keep us under the v;ing of Orthodoxy, the sacrifice is too great for
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star, June 7, 1907,
such unworthy subjects, v/ho threaten to bocome Protestants if iniquity, inpiety, and rascality are not condoned. If the raothor church v;ishes to prevent our pollution from rotting out hor holiness, purity, dignity, and very foundations, the best thing to do is to know us as we are. I believe tliat porcecution of the ministers v;ill then cease.
These aie the facts which I solemnly present to the mother church for con- sideration.
TTT G GruiAiiiK
I A 2 a
X j^ 2 b Star, May 51, 1907.
THE LLiIETING 0? TIIL GRiEK COLIlvIUinTY
With forty charter members and as many more non-registered members, the much heralded meeting of the Chicago Greek Community took place last Thursday, at the Masonic Temple.
Reports v/ere made and accounts v;ere given by the officers of the community. Those who were present approved and commended the activities and doings of the administration.
Among the many things discussed, the establishment of a fourth church took most of the time. The discussion of the establishment of a Greek school was so brief and so quickly shelved, our reporter did not have time to turn a sheet in his notebook.
IVhat an irony I Our eloquent speakers of the Greek community, who are known to be chips of old Demosthenes when debates in the abstract take place,
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Star, May 31, 1907.
could not find words to praise the establishment of the Greek school, which our community needs* Indeed not* Their talent of rhetoric is only for abstract things, and not for mere material things* Indeed, great minds who explore the universe v;ith their rhetorical prowess, will not stoop so low as to permit themselves to discuss a mere and insignificant thing like the es- tablishment of a Greek school in Chicago.
V/hat a shame I Is not this a paradox?
The immortal Greek language, the instrument of expression for ancient and modern gods, for expounders of divinity, for rhetoricians, and for great thinkers, and which, paradoxically is taught in the very institution the Greek meeting failed to discuss; the Greek school.
Hlducators, lawyers, doctors, and theologians ;vere present at the meeting of last Thursday. Not one of them dared to touch upon this important subject*
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3tar, :.:a-- 31, 1907. But for the establishiaent of a fourth church, plenty was said.
Cur youngsters, .vho through our negligence are deprived of the oppoi'tunity to learn the language of the gospel, will think unfavorably of the present fathers of tha community v;hen they attond Gree^ churches not knowing v/hat it is all about.
As generally is the case, important thinr^ are alivays overlooked and neglected bv us humans . so in the ^iresent case the importance of the establishment of a G-reek school is set aside and things of secondar:^ Importance and value are discussed first.
The Star will continue to bring before oui* eyes the necessity of the Greek scnobl, hopin,"- that the time ;vill not be far away v;hen the fathers of the
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Star, Liay 31, 1907.
comnimity will see as well as v/e do the absolute need of estab- lishing the Greek school for oxir present and coming generations.
ITov/, Greeks the world over v/ho want to uplift their intellectual faculties study the Greek tongue, while the Greeks of Chicago until now have deprived their future intellectuals of the opportunity to study the immortal and divine language* V«liat a paradox?
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.uIIOUlIGELiii^NT OF Til. GR^^i^K OCI.ZIUI^TITY
'^^11 the nembers of the Chicago Greek Goimnunity are requested to attend the general meeting Ox" the coi.iinunity v;hich will take place at the Llasonic Temple, Thursday, .lay '33, at 7:00 p. m,
Iv^ain objects oi* the iiioetinc are: the establishment of a new church in the South Jide; revision of the present constitution of the comraunity; a report of v;hat has been accomplished by the present administration, and ;.h:it money is on hand.
The forthcoming meeting vvill take pli.ce even though a quorum is not present. The postponement of the Lieeting scheduled for last c^unday vjas due to the lack of a quorum.
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The -i-ixecutive Coriimittee.
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GR::5i2K
star, Apr. 12, 1907.
TH!" I::0TIT3R CrfJRCH A!-ID TIH aHE:iX CO^^.XTITITY OF CHICACrO The Ecclesiastical Scandal — Can the Church Practice Injustice and Maintain Its Rule over the People?
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^ATien the representatives of the Greek comrriunity of Chicago appeared in person ^
to appeal to the Mother Church in Athens to modify her ultimatum recalling the 2
priest of our community, the I.^etropolitan of Athens, v;ho is president of the cx>
Holy Synod of Greece, laconically replied, Jij
**V/e have the right to recall your priest, and the Reverend Father Georgeadis is recalled.*^
^Vhat an utterance from the mouth of the head of the Churchl
The Metropolitan-President of the Holy Synod answered correctly as a true scion of ancient Greece, but his answer and his attitude are not worthy of the higii office vtich he holds as prelate and shepherd of the Greek Church.
- 2 - GR:^"r3K
star, Apr. 12, 1907,
As an individual and as a Greek, a Greek who is not accustomed to surrender 2
power without a fight, the president of the Synod had every right to pronounce ^
his autocratic and laconic sentence, r"
Tour priest is recalled because we recall him.** o
In other words,
**We, the S3mod, as ecclesiastical governors have the power to do Tfl^atever it pleases us to do with our subjects. ?/hether our decision is detrimental and injurious to your community is not a matter to be discussed. V/e are the rulers, and we govern this state, which is called the Church, and the subjects, thereof. The subjects cannot question our authority and our acts. And if you Greeks of Chicago do not like it, do as Greeks do: fight for your rightsl And xve will show you that our swords are sharper than yoursl^
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
This is a wonderfiil exhibition of Greek spirit, and it is nothinr; new* That r^
spirit started the Peloponnesian War, which lasted thirty years, and the result 5
of which was that the control of Greece was transferred from Athens to Sparta. ^
The Greek coirjnunity of Chicago, being a chip of the old block and true to Greek C
traditions, might declare war against the autocratic and unjust action of the :g
Mother Church, And it might happen, since history repeats itself, that the 2
ecclesiastical Dower of Athens would be transferred elsewhere. co
But as a highly respected man of the cloth and a true Christian pastor, the president of the Sjmod has erred not only in his judgment but likewise in his manner of expressing it. As a man of ecclesiastical culture, tolerance, and justice he had no right to utter so arrogant a sentence as
"We have the right to recall your priest, and the Reverend Father Georgeadis is recalled. ♦*
By the use of the word^ight** and by the manner in which he uses it he implies
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
that justice was not involved either in the decision of those members of the ^
Synod who signed the order of recall or in the expression and the attitude of ^
the head of the Church, ^
All the Metropolitan's theological and social culture must have been outweighed 3
by his inherent spirit of Greek pride when these rude Greek-Americans ventured 2
to question his authority by their appeal for justicel ^
The Metropolitan's words and his attitude demonstrate very clearly that the head of the Church is nevertheless a human being and a real scion of the proud race which has made the people of the world take notice of it and pey tribute to it. If this is true, then our ecclesiastical titles and degrees of merit such as '•Holy Father," *'Your Holiness," and so forth are not properly applied and bestowed*
As human beings and as Greeks v/e admire him as the people of the world admired
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
his ancestors and ours who, when the Great King with his millions of Persians ^ asked them to surrender their arms, proudly and laconically replied, 5
••Come and get theDi**^ r^
But as a tried prelate and a pastor of that noble, just, and really Christian o institution, the Holy Church of Greece, he is supposed to be above ordinary humanity, and his inherent Greek fighting tendencies must be subdued by love, j^ tolerance, justice, and wisdom. These virtues are not easy to find among us ordinary mortals, but they are supposed to exist in real philosophers, if any such survive, and among the genuine ministers of our various faiths.
The Greek community of Chicago, through its duly authorized committee, has appealed to its Mother Church to reconsider her unjust decision and to permit their beloved priest to remain their pastor. This Greek priest of Chicago, the Reverend C. Georgeadis, has a splendid record of thirty-five years as a
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907 •
minister of the Greek Orthodox faith and was appointed by the Holy Synod to
serve the ecclesiastical needs of this community. By his service here he has
gained the love and the reverence of the people, but he has positively refused
to be reconciled to the demagogic policies of the president of the community,
Dr. Gregory Papelion, a minion of the Metropolitan of Athens. S
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Without due process of ecclesiastical law the Reverend Father Georgeadis was ordered by five members of the Synod, through a Sjmodical document surrep- titiously prepared, immediately to cease to function as a priest and to report to Athens within forty days to stand trial on chargas preferred by the presi- dent of the coinmunity, thus leaving his parish without a minister of the Church.
The well-trained and pious Greek priest upon receipt of the aforesaid document complied with the Synod's mandate and ceased to exercise his religious func- tions. He likewise reported to his superiors that he was unable to reach Greece
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
within forty days on account of illness.
In the interim the situation was complicated by the death of two persons and 5
the immediate necessity of baptizing certain infants who were ill. The ^
sovereign power of Greece, through its representative in Chicago, the consul v^
general, stepped in and ordered the suspended priest to perform these reli- ^
gious functions, regardless of the commands of any superiors whatsoever. 2
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At the command of the Nation's representative the victim of circumstances aban- ij^ doned his ecclesiastical inactivity and chanted the Kyrie Eleison at two funerals and at two or three Christenings.
For obeying the consul general's command to perform religious rites over the dead and dying subjects of the Church the Synod, in order to justify its pre- vious iniquity in recalling the priest without due process of law, grasped the opportunity to file additional charges against the Chicago Greek priest for
his disobedience to the supreme power of the Church, — serious charges indeedl
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star, Apr. 12, 1907.
This action of the Synod has thrown the Chicago Gredc community into disas- trous confusion, discord, and unrest.
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Just and wise rulers who wish to perpetuate their rule over their subjects ^ never create such conditions. o
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That venerable body, the Synod, has deemed it profitable and advisable to main- S tain absolute silence in the face of a multitude of petitions sent by indivi- ^ duals and by the general assembly of the community, which was presided over by its lawful vice-president and attended by the entire council of the community and by a large number of bonafide members.
Absolute silence likewise was the answer to the consul general's report of the uproar and chaos in the community and to his recommendations and petitions. The failure of the Synod to respond to the community or to the consul general was the cause of the committee's appeal to the president of the Synod, and
- 9 - GRBEK
Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
this article is a reply to the Synod's pronouncement to the committee.
Plato's ''Republic'* is our guide in this matter, and we find in the "Republic'' that Socrates explains vdiat justice is, and by what means the ideal state will lead its citizens toward absolute knowledge, that is, the condition of virtue.
Tlie indignation of the people of Greece toward their rulers induced Plato to compose the Republic and publish the lofty ideas of his master Socrates. The indignation of the Greeks of Chicago had its origin in abuse of power and violation of justice by that oligarchical governing body, the Holy Synod of Greece.
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Ecclesiastical or civil states can never ascend to their destined heights un- less love, tolerance, justice, and wisdom pervade them. And since the Church is or is supposed to be an ideal state more perfect than the civil state, we may as well consult the divine and immortal conceptions of Greek philosophy ^ relating to the ideal state. "^
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
The Greeks of Plato* s time had attained so high a stage of development that they were no longer contented to accept without question the conventional laws of morality or the obligations of political life but had begun to ask the why "^ and the wherefore of these things. ^
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The Greeks of Chicago, being true scions of ancient Greece and moreover tho- 2 roughly imbued with the American ideal of justice, are no longer content to "^ accept blindly the mandates of the ecclesiastical state when their intelli- ^ gence informs them that their Sjmod's decision to recall their pastor and the Synod's subsequent acts are devoid of justice* And this indignation of the Chicago Greeks may create the supposedly ideal state of the Church here and compel the proud city of Athens to relinquish its Synodical rule.
Let us see whether the Holy Synod of Greece advocates and upholds the ideas of Thrasymachus and his group or the ideas of Socrates and Plato.
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Star, Apr* 12, 1907,
Thrasymachus maintained that justice or righteousness in reality is this: that a man should take what he can get, that the strong man should take more than the weak, that the state and its lav/s may be regarded at best as a partnership of individuals, that the proper condition of this partnership is the domination of it by the strongest individual for his own interests, and finally that the 5 laws of the state are enacted not for the benefit of its subjects but for the ^ benefit of the governing body.
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Thrasymachus »s idea of the state unfortunately has come down x,o the present day, and this is the sort of role prevalent among governing bodies in practically the whole world with the exception of the United States, which has a form of government unique in history. The American government is the best in the world and the nearest to perfection; it is rapidly approaching the ideal state of Plato.
Plato realized that Thrasymachian thought is the gospel of individualism and sought to refute it; hence the creation of the '♦Republic. *♦
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907*
Socrates, after hearing Thrasymachus , since he was aware of the prevalent corruption of the state, maintained that the state is not supposed to be a partnership of individuals seeking personal advantage, but that it is sup- posed to be and ought to be a moral communion of souls united to maintain the principles of wisdom and justice.
But the actual states of Greece seemed to Plato to have lost their true charac- ter and to have forgotten their true aim. Thinking principally of the Athenian democracy in which he lived, he found that its rulers in their administration of the affairs of state were directed by selfishness* Instead of conceiving their mission to be the security and the welfare of the whole state, these governors aimed at securing their own advantage.
The Holy Synod of Greece has misconstrued its divine mission as an ideal reli- gious state of wisdom and justice and has permitted itself to be swayed by the corrupting influence of politics in the matter of the recall of the priest of
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GR'^KK
Star, Apr* 12, 1907.
the Greek commiinity of Chicago without due process of law.
Wth political or ecclesiastical leaders who are selfish and devoid of wisdom and justice, how shall men attain salvation? How can the Greek community of Chicago be devoted to the Mother Church while injustice is practiced upon them? How can the Church maintain its rule over its subjects while the foundations of justice are rocked by unwisa and unjust leaders of the Church?
Disregarding the Thrasymachian theory and accepting the Socratic idea, the Chicago Greek coijnunity reverently appeals to the Holy Synod wisely and justly to correct this ecclesiastical scandal.
As chips off the old block unbued with the great American ideals of wisdom and justice, we shall not declare a Peloponnesian or a Panhellenic War, but we respectfully and modestly request the venerable Sjmod to bear in mind that sooner or later justice will triumph, and that it is to the spiritual advantage
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
of the rulers of the Church that they shall sober themselves from their poli- tical intoxication and render to Caesar that ifrtiich is Caesar»s#
The Greek community in Chicago respectfully reminds the Synod of the episode ^ of Philip of Macedonia and the peasant woman who appealed to him on behalf of g her husband. The dissolute monarch against whom Demosthenes directed his Philippicos replied J
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♦•I am the king, and my decision stands unaltered. *•
The humble subject retorted,
'•In the name of justice I appeal my case from Philip drunken to Philip soberl**
And we the Greeks of Chicago, after hearing the Metropolitan's words, '•We have the right to recall your priest, and the Reverend Father Georgeadis is recalled,"
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Star, Apr. 12, 1907.
appeal our case to the sober sense of that august body, hoping that wisdom 5 and justice will prevail in their deliberations and move them to correct this "^ scandal, so perpetuating their ecclesiastical rule over the people, r;
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jjj I ^ star, Mar. 8, 1907.
GREEK
THE SOCIETY OF FAMILY L^IEN OF CHICAGO AND THEIR PRIEST CYRIL GEORGEADIS, ARCHIMANDRITE
In order not to be caught in the ecclesiastical imbroglio of the Greek
community in Chicago, idiich is demoralizing the community in both a political
and a religious sense, the Society of Family Men has deemed it advisable to
establish its own church, and has thus avoided any of those entanglements
irtiich arise from the caprices and the irresponsibility of certain eminent
persons, from their lack of respect for ecclesiastical law and order, and
from their willingness to drag reputations in the mire in order to gain power. ai
And as the minister of our church we have appointed the Reverend Cyril Georgeadis, recently condemned without trial, idiose good standing as a priest, established for years, the Holy Synod of Greece cannot and will not deny i^en that august body has recovered its self-respect.
For this reason we have been classed by the administration of the Chicago
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Star, Mar, 8, 1907.
commiinity and by the governing body of the mother church, the Holy Synod of Greece, as rebels and dividers of the Chicago comrnunity* As for our priest,
iNhom the community's bosses have failed to subjugate to their purposes, the ^
Holy Synod of Greece, influenced by these bosses, has issued a decree de- ^
priving him of his ecclesiastical rights, nullifying as uncanonical all p
religious rites by him performed, and commanding him to report for trial, <Z
thus leaving the Chicago Greek community without a priest. 5
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After hearing of the unprecedented action of the Holy Synod of Greece, or ^ at least of persons who designate themselves the Holy S3niod of Greece, we, ij the Society of Family Men, have requested the Reverend Father Georgeadis to ^ remain here and to minister to our religious needs until the misconduct of the bosses has been demonstrated, and the mother church has had an oppor- tunity to reconsider its hasty decision. Father Georgeadis has committed no crime, there is no reason why he should be deprived of his right to administer sacraments or to exercise other religious functions, and the hasty decision of the Synod has no justification.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 •
For the information of the general public, vihich heretofore has not known the inside story of the whole affair, it is the duty of this Society to
publish an account of what has occurred in this controversy, and to reveal ^
how the innocent victim has become involved with his superiors, who in turn 2
have got themselves into hot water as a consequence of the proper and lawful <^
intervention of the Greek consul general in Chicago, the Honorable Dr« N# rj
Salopoulos. We exhibit below certain official documents of the Greek con- -u
sulate in Chicago: o
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•*To the Most Reverend Cyril A. Georgeadis, Archimandrite, Chicago: ;^5
''I, the representative of His Majesty the King of Greece, Command you to per- form funeral rites for the deceased Konstantine Koutsoumbis, and I v/ill be responsible therefor to all whom it may concern,
^is Majesty's Consul,
'TI. Salopoulos"
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Star, Mar^ 8, 1907.
Another command to perfona the same religious rites is dated September 7, 1904: '*To the Most Reverend Archimandrite Cyril Georgeadis, Chicago:
''I hereby direct you to perform ecclesiastical rites at the funeral of Demetrius Bouzos,and I will be responsible therefor, since the community has no other priest besides you."
'•I, His Majesty's Consul General, hereby command you to administer the sacrament of baptism to the ailing infant of John Tzebolis, since there is no other priest here.
"The Consul General of Greece,
'»N. Salopoulos"
And another dated September 11, 1904:
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Another order from the consul general putting father Georgeadis in further disagreement with the Synod of Greece: ^
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
•*To the most Reverend Cyril Georgeadis, Archimandrite of the Greek Orthodox Church, Chicago:
"His Majesty's Consul General instructs you to officiate at the christening ^ of the ailing infant of Dem. Lauibrakis, having no other priest to perform F=
the sacrament • <^
**The Consul of Greece, 2
"N. Salopoulos" '^'
What an anomalous situationl The Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, as sovereign ecclesiastical authority, has enjoined the so-called apostate priest to cease to perform his ecclesiastical duties, decreeing that, if he does not cease as commanded, all his religious acts will be null and void because uncanonical» On the other hand the consul general of Greece in Chicago, iNho in the territory under his jurisdiction is the sovereign authority
- 6 - GREEK
Star, Mar, 8, 1907 •
of the Greek state, and whose duty it is to protect and defend the subjects of Greece whether they are canonical or uncanonical, has commanded him to perform the ecclesiastical duties which the hasty decision of the Synod forbade him to perform.
The representative of Greece, under whose jurisdiction the church functions,
and vdio has precedence over the church and the power to command the ministers
of the church to serve the needs of His Majesty's subjects, has lawfully
commanded the so-called rebel priest to disregard the mandate of the Synod ^
on the consul's own responsibility. ^^
Is not this a delicate situation? The Chicago Greek priest, whom the Holy Synod chose as the clergjrman best qualified to serve the needs of the Chicago Greek community, and who has proved by many years of faithful and devoted service that he is a pillar of the mother church, is now between two fires. Obedience to the mandate of the mother church is disobedience to the sovereign authority of Greece, and vice versa. Naturally, not being able to blow hot and cold at the same time, he has obeyed the command of Greece and has consequently incurred the disapproval of the Synod, which has declared.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907*
him a rebel and an apostate.
Now let us examine how the Holy Synod has erred, consciously or unconsciously, and how it has permitted itself to be caught in a political entanglement v4iich will undoubtedly diiainish the laity* s respect for that august body.
The Greek community in general, and many eminent Americans who are friendly to the community and very much interested in its welfare, not knowing the real facts of this complicated situation, have permitted themselves to become the victims of a misconception and have accepted as authoritative and regular the Synod's mandate recalling Father Georgeadis and forbidding him after receipt of the protocol to perform any ecclesiastical function.
In this connection v;e hasten to inform the public and our esteemed phil- hellenes that civil and religious laws are superior to individuals. Every citizen, from the humblest to the highest, and every man of the cloth, including His Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch, is under the sovereignty of the law. '.Then the Synod of Greece or any part of the Synod violates the constitution of the church, the action of that august body is null and void
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Star, Mar* 8, 1907 •
and has no weight or significance*
That is precisely the situation in the case of the Synod's decree regarding ^ Father Georgeadis's recall and punishment. According to the church's con- ^ stitution the Holy Synod, or at least those members of it who signed this r= document, deliberately erred in causing the decree of recall to be unofficially -^ delivered. And the object of so delivering it was to avoid responsibility ^ under the law for such violation of it. Shrewd action by the head of the Synod, who happens to be the godfather of Gregory Papaeliou, the president of the Chicago Greek coramunityl Political strategyl But is it consistent with the integrity and the dignity of that ecclesiastical body?
The agreement of the Church of Greece with the sovereign state of Greece is as follows:
The Holy Church of Greece may correspond with cities, nations, and individuals abroad only through the official channels of the sovereign state of Greece; that is, all documents, protocols, petitions, appeals, and other communica- tions emanating from the Holy Synod of Greece for delivery abroad must go to
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 ♦
the Ecclesiastical Ministry, which in turn submits the correspondence to the Ministry of ForeJ.gn Affairs (Secretary of State in the United States). The
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, following the prescribed method of communicating ^
with the outside world, dispatches this correspondence to the representatives 2
of His Majesty, that is, to his consuls, his ministers of legations, and his c^^
ambasadors, for delivery. F
The general public of the Chicago Greek community and the community's o
American friends and sympathizers, viio are inclined to look upon us as ^
dividers of the community, have not realized the seriousness of the per- ^
plexing and unprecedented situation created by the illegal action of the c5» Synod, ^faich has rocked that body to its foundation.
Neither the representatives of His Majesty nor the clergy of the church are at liberty to inform the public of the transactions which take place in their respective offices; and in this case neither the Greek consul general in Chicago nor the accused minister of the church, because of this restriction, could let the public know of the irregularity of the Synod's decree of re- call.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 •
Naturally, under such circumstances, since the truth was not known, public opinion, Greek and American alike, was against us and the pious Father
Georgeadis* But truth, which is no respecter of political or religious. ^
personages, will eventually shine through darkness; its powerful rays will ^^
dissolve the clouds of unrighteousness, falsehood, and misconduct. The ^ tiuth even now shines as a bright star to guide the ignorant and the credulous -^
away from the darkness of illusion and scepticism. 3
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the minds of thousands of our Greek and American friends who have been dubious ^
This revelation of the tiuth is not made for any purpose except to disabuse the minds of thousands of our Greek and about the correctness of our procedure.
To err is human, to forgive, divine. But a deliberate and premeditated error in conduct, especially when committed by men in hi^ ecclesiastical office, must not be allowed to go unrebuked, lest it be repeated and thus further diminish the reverence of the laity for the clergy as a whole because of the misconduct of a few clergymen.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
That the president of the Synod and the four members vflio signed the punitive g document were conscious of the error of their procedure is demonstrated by ^^ the very fact that the said document was surreptitiously delivered. Every p Synodical document, in order to be official, effective, and valid, must go ^ through the procedure specified by the law of the land; and the outline of g the law's requirements is as follows: The document must bear the number of its issue and the number of its execution and registration in the official registry of the Synod, and it must be transmitted to the Ecclesiastical Ministry to be disposed of as we have stated above.
In the specific instance of the Reverend Father Georgeadis the Synod's decree of recall, which was signed by the president and by four members of the Synod, bore the number of its issue but not the number of its execution, and none of the other requirements of the law were complied with. Two days before it reached its destination, it was published in Chicago in the Greek newspaper Hellas.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
Irregularity, illegality, and connivance par excellencel Gross disrespect for the dignity and the integrity of the mother churchl The mortification of pious and devout Christians, the schism in the Chicago Greek community, the hiimiliation of the church in the eyes of the American people, as well as many other evils, emanate from the folly of those five members of the Synod who lowered themselves to intervene in a political affair.
Undoubtedly their skill in evasion will pull them through if and when an ecclesiastical tribunal is set up to examine the surreptitious handling of the document. It will be a clear victory for them, for they will say,
**Indeed, the document of recall bears our signatures, but it was not executed, for the registry shows no record of its execution. Consequently no responsi- bility attaches to us. How the document flew out of the Synod's office and reached Chicago we do not know, for if it had been intended to be dispatched it would have been numbered, executed, and delivered through the proper channels; therefore, the burden of responsibility lies somewhere else and not with us."
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 •
Is not this a wonderfully clever defense?
An impartial observer might say that we are going too far when we assume 2
that the signers of the documents deliberately permitted it to proceed from -^^^
the Synod* s office and reach Chicago, and that our assertions to that effect rj
may be the result of illusion or malice on our part« Such questions are -x?
pertinent and just and for the benefit of all concerned must be thoroughly o
examined, lest we stray from the truth and defeat our own purpose. ^
That cur assertions are not presumptuous nor the effect of illusion, and that they are free from bias, malice, or vindictiveness, the events i^ich succeeded the publication of the decree of recall will demonstrate*
A thunderbolt struck the Greek community of Chicago viien the Greek newspaper Hellas, the mouthpiece of the president of the community. Dr. Gregory Papaeliou, published the Synod's ultimatum. Thoughts of bitterness and resentment, expressed and unexpressed, were directed against the Synod and Dr. G. Papaeliou for this unjustifiable action. The blow was so unexpected that it took people's breath away.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 •
We shall now convince the public and our American friends that our action in establishing a new church was justified, and that our charges have been substantiated by our account of the events which ensued*
The entire council of the Greek community, headed by the vice-president of ^
that body, sent out through the secretary hasty invitations to the members ?=
of the community to attend a general meeting and there discuss the action ^-'
of the Synod. The meeting took place at Hull House and was attended by five 3
hundred bona fide members of the community. Hundreds of telegrams from other 2
members \Nho were not able to attend were read at the meeting; all expressed ^
their disapproval of the Synod* s action. '^
The general assembly unanimously passed a resolution, and an executive com- mittee was appointed to convey the resolution to the Greek consul general and inform him in person of the choas and disintegration which would befall the community if the Synod's order was not rescinded.
V/e print below the consul general's cablegram to Greece:
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
"August 18, 1904.
"To the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
"Athens, Greece.
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"Church council and community vehemently protest against the recall of priest g Georgeadis. I transmit prayer exhorting Synod to rescind order.
"Chicago Greek Consul General, ^
"N. Salopoulos" Here is the telegram sent by the church council to the Holy Synod: "Holy Synod,
"Athens, Greece.
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 •
"Georgeadis* recall impossible. Community in turmoil. Restore his rights. Appointment of a new priest not accepted.
"Church Council: St. Spyrakis, vice-president; Basil Petropoulos, Dem. Tsimbas, D. Karambelas, B. Georgakopoulos , N. Kokinis, K. Demas, and K. Stavrakos, by Phil, Kekos, secretary*'
Another telegram:
"To the Ecclesiastical Ministry,
"Athens, Greece,
"Synod has recalled our priest Cyril. V/e beg you to intervene. Disorder will follow if our request is hot heeded.
"Church Council: St. Spyrakis, vice-president; B. Petropoulos, D. Tsimbas,
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907 •
D, Karaiiibelas, B. Georgakopoulos, N« Kokinis, K» Demas, and K# Stavrakcs , by- Phil. Kekos, secretary"
Many other telegrams were sent by bona fide members of the Greek conuminity ^
to the Holy Synod, requesting it to reconsider its illegal order. The 5
general public anxiously awaited the outcome of all these urgent petitions ^n
and requests addressed to the Holy Synod of Greece. r"
Absolute silence v/as the answer of the Synod. The high ecclesiastical o
authority of liberated Greece did not deem it advisable to ansv/er the deluge ^
of appeals. Not one word did it utter to justify its hasty decree of recall — S
not a word to set at rest the disturbed minds of its sheep. The Synod, by ^
its silence, preferred to shake the implicit faith of the people in their
mother church rather than to correct the error of its first hasty action
and its subsequent error of endeavoring to silence the opposition by accusing
the innocent priest of continuing to function as a priest after he had
received the Synod's document of recall.
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*
Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
V/e have stated above that the Chicago Greek priest Georgeadis, upon receipt of notice of his recall, ceased to officiate in religious ceremonies except as directed, ordered, instructed, and commanded by the sovereign power of His Majesty to do so, thus disobeying the orders of the Synod; hence the new accusation of disobedience.
That our assertions have documentary substantiation, and that we are not going too far in assuming that the original charge and the subsequent charges against the Reverend Father Georgeadis were made by the Synod contrary to ecclesiastical law and order, are facts clearly proved by those by-laws of the church's constitution ?toich relate it to the constitution of the state of Greece. V/e present below the article pertinent to our case:
"Article 14.
"Canonical punitive measures after Trial:
"(a) Debarment of a priest from exercising any religious function and loss
- 19 - GREEK
Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
of his claims upon the parish:
"These decisions, whether of bishops or of the Synod, must be accounted for
and supported by quotations from the holy canons upon vyhich they are based,
and which have the approval of the Ecclesiastical Ministry, and in order to
be valid the decisions must bear the signatures of all the members of the
Holy Synod and must be approved by a majority of the members thereof; otherwise
they are null and void.'* '^
On the basis of this article of the ecclesiastical law, what authority have ^ five members of the Synod to order the Chicago Greek priest to cease to function? That is the reason why the members of the Society of Family Men have taken the action for which they are classed as rebels and dividers of the Chicago Greek community.
Article 20 of the ecclesiastical law clearly and emphatically says:
^'nder no consideration may the Synod correspond with political or ecclesiastical
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Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
offices abroad independently of the Ecclesiastical Ministry, which shall
submit the Synod^s correspondence to the Ministry of Foreign Affairsfor
delivery through the representatives of the nation.** ^
What document of the Synod bearing on this case has been sent to Chicago r= through the regular channels prescribed by this law? None whatsoever I The ^^ Synod's first error was the surreptitious dispatch of the recall documents S It anticipated no resistance, taking the Chicago Greeks for ignorant fools, and it has deliberately continued to err in order to cover up its first violation of the law.
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V/e further submit to the public what the Metropolitan of Athens ^ as president of the Synod, said to our appointed representatives in Greece who appealed to His Holiness in person:
'♦Gentlemen, in order not to waste your time, I tell you that the Chicago case is closed. V/e had the right to recall Georgeadis, and we did so.**
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\ Star, Mar. 8, 1907.
The public and our American friends have hitherto been under the impression that our action in establishing a new church was motivated by sonething other than our desire to protest against the acts enumerated above, that is to say, against the injustice which the Holy Synod has seen fit to inflict upon us in order to gratify its desire to maintain the pov/er of Dr. Gregory Papaeliou, the favored godchild of His Holiness, the president of the Sjmod.
In the next issue of this paper, in order to eliminate the slightest doubt in the mind of the general public as to the Synod's deliberate violation of the ecclesiastical law, we shall publish for purposes of comparison all docu- ments which have been sent by the Synod to Chicago.
The Executive Committee of the Society of Family Men,
Chicago
.-«.r>M^.^rr-
III c III B 2
III H 2i2£> -^^^* ^> i^O"^* ^:\ -'l-r''^^ ^^^'^
17
TH2 GociiiTY 0? ?.\iv!iLY ::^T OF :::n:3AGo
Announcement to the Public
Because of rumors v;h-.ch have been circulated that the Society of Oreek FaiiillyK^n in Chicago intends to disband and consequently to close its South oicl^ church, v/e hasten to inform the public and all concerned that these rumors are not true .nd are absolutely unfounded. They are part of the systenatic prooa^anda emanatin^^ fron the nev/ly installed officers of the Ohica:^,o G-reek co jnunity, v;ho very much desire our reconciliation with the rest of the colony.
V/e have bound jur selves by oath to defend the cood name of Father Georceadis, and ^mtil he is exonerated, reconciliation is imoossible. In our case our pastor Father Geor;:eadis, is corapelled to abandon his pastorate and our church a^^ainst our v/ishes, we shall aopeal to the
(
- 2 - ORSjK
Star, liar. 8, 1907. %■:* -y-^) ''■^(^Ijij/J
Ecumenical Patrichate, the head of the church, for a nev7 priest.
Reconciliation and the renunciation of our church for the sake of unity and harmony are utter impossibilities so long as an innocent priest wrongfully accused, remains unvindicated. If those who have connived at the campaign of vilification directed a-:ainst our pastor come to their senses and :)ublicly apologize, our resolution may be modified.
THE z:acuTiV3 go!.z.:itt5:e
of The Society of Family Men, Chicago, ILL,
Ill C GREEK
II B 1 c (3)
II B 1 t Star, liar. 1, 1907. ,,,p, ,; ,, ^.RO;.30Z75
III B 2
lY INSTALLATICN 0? KE COLH.UIJITY^S im^iX ELECTED OFFICERS - ERILLIA.HT
CEREI.iOlW' - THE QUESTION 0? THE SO-CALLED PJEBEL PRIEST
P» 4 — In a brilliant ceremony the newly-elected officials of the Chicago Greek comnunity were installed last Sunday. The installation,which was wit- nessed by 3,500 people, took place in the Llasonic Temple. A group of bands, headed by the Chicago Greek Philharmonic Society, made the building and the circumambient air vibrate with the tones of Greek melodies. Black-eyed, raven- tressed Grecian maidens attired in colorful national costumes scattered to the curious crowds car-loads of floivers and threw tantalizing kisses right and left. The demigods of the Greek comiaunity, attired in their snow-white kilts and immaculate woolen stockings with knee-garters, formed a protective phalanx around the Greek nymphs •
A magnificent celebration by magnificent people in the most magnificent country in the world. Well done I
After the formalities of the installation and the departure of the two hundred eminent guests who came to admire this Greek ceremony the president of the community, the Honorable Dem. Manousopoulos, mounted the tribunal and
- 2 - GPJIEK
Star, Kar. 1, 1907. .,?A (iLi-.)
N 7; : ■'
delivered his inaugural speech*
The newly-ordained president repeated his promise to have nothing undone to restore the comi.iunity to its former status of unity, peace, and progress iveness.
For the sake of harmony and to promote unity, Llr« Manousopoulos made no mention of the shortcoming s and errors of the last administration but cleverly insinuated that if we are wise, we shall profit by the errors of others and avoid repeating them.
He also directed some of his remarks to the case of the Reverend C« George- adis, the so-called rebel priest who performs his ecclesiastical functions in spite of his rupture v/ith the Holy Synod of Greece.
Mr. Manousopoulos in his speech urged the good father to comply v/ith the
- 3 -
GREEK
Star, :;ar* 1, 1907.
/ »
established rules of the Mother Church and to cease to administer sacra- ments which are nullified by the S^Tiod as uncancnical. Innocence of any charges preferred against hin by a previous administration of the com- munity does not justify his action in dividing the community, said the president • The Society of Chicago Greek Family Lien, v^hich v/as incensed at the recall of Father Georgeadis and established a church of its own on the South Side, where Father Ceorgeadis officiates uncanonically, would never have offered such an affront to Mother Church if he had refused to act as pastor of that congregation^
Here again the president of the community cleverly avoided castigating the hot-headed members of the Society, who knev/ as well as the priest that their action was open rebellion against the Mother Church, and l!lr# Manousopoulos has thus opened the v;ay for the departure of the good father, who has been requested to report to the Holy Synod within forty days.
Editor's note; Undoubtedly the Greek priest is absolutely innocent of all chc.rges preferred against him, but that will not justify hira before that
r
- 4 - GREEK
Star, L:ar» 1, 19C7.
<*■'''* /• ; '
august body, the Holy Synod, until he appears in person, defends himself, and accords due respect to his superiors.
The ceremony of the installation was something extraordinary, and the desire of the people to terminate all antagonism in the affairs of the community was plainly revealed by the participation in the ceremony of all factions* The newly-installed administration has promised to do v/onders for the wel- fare of the community if and when all factions co-operate. It now has four fifths of the community behind it; let us hope that the promised improvements will materialize.
GREEK
III G
Star, Jan. 4, 1907. ^.r. ,-[ ; x n^ ,
THE APPROACH OF THE HOLIDAYS BRINGS UNITY AND PEACE TO TI3: GREEK COMMUIOITY
(Editorial)
Once more the prognostication of the Star has come true in the results of the community's elections. The Star does not play the role of soothsayer in predicting the winners in the administration of the community's affairs, . but it bases its predictions upon the willingness of the people to heed the promptings of common sense and to follow the construction policy ad- vocated by this newspaper, of which the fundamental principle is to safe- guard the interests of the people and to enhance the good reputation of Greeks •
All the newly-elected administrators of the community were sponsored and endorsed by the Star, and the people of the Greek colony have elected them on a platfornTTf unity, mutual love, progress iveness, and whole- hearted devotion to tho interests of the entire colony.
The religious principles which are deeply rooted in the hearts of Greeks
- 2 - GREEK
Star, Jan# 4, 1907»
t
and the approach of the holidays have hastened the unification of the com- munity, and for the first time in many years the Chicago Greek colony will celebrate the birth of the Savior in unity, love, and good will.
Much credit is due to the defeated faction for their splendid conduct before and during the elections, which marks a new era in our political ccunpaigns. They have played the game in square and manly fashion. Their defeat is attributed to a difference of opinion. They were honest and sincere but not right. And their honesty and sincerity have brought about the present unity.
The Greek churches in Chicago, which for a long time have been enveloped in a pall of lugubriousness, are preparing to welcome worshippers to an atmosphere of mutual love and joy for the coming holidays.
Mutual love and joy I "What deep significance is attached to these words t Love is the Creator's first law, and joy is the fulfilment of the first law of creation.
A deep understanding in love and joy will make our lives happier and o\ir
- 3 - GREEK
Star, Jan. 4, 1907» /r ,-:■ • ^^
relationships friendlier, and our social order will be raised to its proper level*
This understanding should be extended beyond the Greek horizon in order to comply with the full requirements of the law, and when in a few days we hear the heavenly trumpets blow their accompaniment to the chant of "Christ is born to-day in the city of Bethlehem,'^ the horizon of our narrow national and racial world should vanish in the dazzling light of mutual love and joy.
Since our wings as yet are not strong enough to carry us to the complete fulfilment of the law, let us then in our own narrow circle remove obstacle after obstacle to mutual understanding so that the divine law will function to our advantage •
Blessed are they who in our little world which we call the Chicago Greek colony have removed all obstacles and have permitted the currents of love and joy to permeate the disintegrating body of our community I
Undoubtedly the newly-elected governors of our colony of Greeks, who have
- 4 -
GREEK
Star, Jan. 4, 1907.
. t-x » ^
"V
the whole-hearted support, co-operation, and trust of the people, will do their very best to drag the suffering and bedridden conmiunity out of its plight.
Credit and honor always await the victors.
Ill c
aHSSK
St:ir, July 6, 1906.
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-p. 6- The "oolicy lirs '-.jeen inaiv^xir-ted by the comnunity's nev: administra- tion of ;^^iviiv^ a inojithly report to the puolic of the assets aaa the liabilities of oh- cominunit' as an institution. Here is the rer^ort for June, 1906:
P-eceived from -orevious adrainistration Inco/ne for the period
Zrpenses:
Salaries, ^7a^es, ^md incidentals itemized /ote of ol,3v00 n-xaoe oy previous aaninistra tion to Attorney ?urthnan settled for
t-*.
$1,76S.P7
534 . 50 900.00
cpS,163.16
1,434* 50
Cash on deposit in the Illinois Jrust and Savin-^- Bank
./ <
- - - G-HEZK
Star, Julv 6, 1906.
7?lue of the church, o4-oo Johnr^on Str-^jet $ 12,000.00
Cemetery 7,000.00
Lots 40,000.00
I-ovablec 1,500.00
Cash in oank J^23^65
l*otal 3 61,252.66
Llort^age on cer.ieter^' lots P4 000.00
ITet r.ssets, including:; church property $ 37,23o.66
•- ^ < » r ^'
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III c
II B 2 d (1)
II E 2
17
GiiSSK
Star, July 6, 1906.
CO.'u':iTvSS APPCINTID TC SXALJIIB Ri^CORDS OF PAFAELICU'S ADUIl-'ISIRATIOi:
t » .' r ',
! ' i \
p. 4- At the last meeting of the Chicago G-reek community held at Hull House, at which the consul general of Cxreece presided, a comnittee of three was appointed and authorized to examine the books of Dr. Papaeliou's late administration.
'i'he Star, as vigilant guardian of the Jreek comirrunity, advises the committee to take time to unearth all the ins and outs, the good and the evil of the administration of the retiring president, who for the last three years has involved the community in unnecessary litigation. The people v/ant to know the facts as they are, not as they seem to be.
Cur suggestion- is by no m-ans a direct or an indirect attempt to influence the minds of the comnittee, but it is a direct appeal to those in charge to Toerform their duty and to meet their oblierations to the community fear- lessly and impartially, -hey must render to Caesar that which is Caesar's.
fi-n TPr\T.
&H
w u
Star, Jnly 6, 1906.
4 J i
If the Star* s aile^^aticns concerning Dr. Papasliov.'s conduct are not true, and the hcnorablf; o.octor haj been 2^u:ilicioucly dra-j^-ed in the Mire, the *oublic ha^s a. ri{<,ht to be so inforr;ed L-y the exaininin^* coiiijiiittee, ajic. due credit aiid honor iiPist be given to hiin. If on fche ether hand the alle-'^'ations are true, it is the innoerative d\-'tv of the corninittee not to whitewash the administration in its report, for the Star havS authentic documents to prove its charges, ana the s^ord of ■^a-.inocles Y:ill fall upon the coini;iittee itself. xhe report must he full, acciirate, and comT^lete. An impartial reocrt is what the "ouolic requires, "ihe people in oraer to supoort the community/' ^iiust know vjhere its thousands of dollars went and v;hy. Xhe present adminis traction of the comimmity should not cover ut) any .•dcconduct of its ^predecessors.
, c
GRiSSK
III c 17
*.
Star, Apr* 27 ♦ 1906 •
THB ORSEK COMMUNITY OF CHICAGO RBLEASEa) FROM ITS PREDICAMENT - NEW LIfE AMD HOPE ON THE HORIZON - A COALITION COUNCIL UNDER THE GREEK CONSUL TO RULB
THE AFFAIRS OF THB COLONY •
p« 1 • Batter late than never. The diasension, litigatlony and back-biting which preTailed in the Greek community of Chicago about the administration of its affairs are things of the past* The Star's clamor for the unifi- cation of the colony into one body under proper leadership has at last borne fruit, and with joy and delight we announce the resignation of Dr# Papaeliou as president of the community* At last he has heeded our exhor- tations to relinquish his judicially-sponsored presidency, thus relieving a difficult situation and promoting the progress of the community*
The Honorable N* Salopoulos, the Chicago Greek consul general, has undertaken, as we suggested, to govern the turbulent affairs of the community, supported
•.•^
- 2 - OHEBK
Start Apr* 27f 1906.
4, .■
by a numarous eoBnilttea representing all faetiona* This is the first eoa-^ lit ion government of the Greek community in Chicago* The members of the council irtio will be under the scepter of the impartial and very much esteemed Greek consul arei- Uessrs* J^ Prokos, E* Karavelis, D* Tseronis, D« Gian* nakopouloSf J* Chamalest H* Vretos, J* Refakis^ N* Protopapas^ J* Ifangas, Qt. Karkasesy Tryphon, Argyropoulos » D* TsambaSf S. Laiftbardakist P* KoutsouriSt A* TokariSf John Orphanopoulos, K« Boozos, and K* Stavropoulos*
The general assembly of the Greek community which was csilled together for the specific purpose of accepting Or* Papaeliou*s resignation, did not trouble itself with the usual paurliamentary procedure of requesting the retiring president to give an account of his administration but simply and quietly accepted his resignation and approved of it, leaving the door open for him to follow his own desires and inclinations* It was wisely done*
- 3 -
GREEK
?^0.
•y
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Star, Apr* 27, 1906*
To gira an account of the daploted financial resources of the community could not and would not help matters*
It is the duty of every member of the community to stand solidly behind the Greek consul and his coalition council in administering the affairs of the community and so to help to build up its strength, prestige, confidence, and financial resources #
x>
The work ahead of the new leaders is a tremendous undertaking, but it will be done#
Ill c
IV
GREEK
iff! ' •■
star, Apr. 20, 1906«
NEW GREEK CHURCH IN CHICAOO.
p* 3 * The now*and*-th6n prasidant of the Greek community, Dr« Papaellou, is negotiating to buy a lot to build a new church* The community is antagonistic to the unvanted president, who was thrown back upon its shoulders by a court decision and objects to his plans*
For that reason, forty prominent Greeks of our community held a meeting last week and disapproved of the acts and doings of Dr« Papaeliou* In order to put a stop to his fantastic schemes, they raised money among them* selves, and a new church was established*
The contributions among the forty amounted to $1,800» A committee was appointed to raise funds among Greek businessmen who do not approve of Dr« Papaeliou*s squandering*
in 0
HI £ 3 a 17
GREEK
start i^r« 13 ^ 1906«
THE GREEK COUKUNITY IN CHICAGO AND THE CONSUL GENER&L -
k VICTIM OF CIRCUMSTANCES «
(Editorial)
Tha calabration in Chicago of the regeneration of Greece was not marked by united effort and enthusiasm as it was years ago when the Chicago ixreek colony was fortunate enough to have conscientious and straightforward leaders^ who left nothing undone that ought to be done in rendering un- welfish senrice to the needs of the community*
Other communities in America haye celebrated the event with more magnificencef more genuine devotion^ more enthusiasm^ unity, and system than the Chicago Oreek colony, which is the largest of all and in the past has always out- shone the others in local emd patriotic activities*
- 2 - GREEK
star, Apr* 13, 1906.
Unfortiinately the flourishing and rapidly growing C3iicago Greek community for the last three years has been in the throttling grip of a leadership of which the principal object is megalomania and pomposity* And this leader-* ship in order to perpetuate its parading scepter of authority has resorted to court battles which have strained the finsmcial resources and dampened the enthusiasm of this populous colony with long-drawn-out litigation* The dignity and the prestige of the church have been diminished, and memy enthusiastic well*^o*do Greeks, who have always stood ready to assist financially in meeting the needs of the community, have become utterly dis- gusted with the leaders in power and with their destructive methods* And worst of all, some of the gigsmtic pillars which have supported the structure of the community have been seduced by the systematic propagamda of this autocratic clique which prepared its web to ensnare prominent fel«> low-Greeks, including the Greek consul general of Chicago, the Honorable N* Salopoulos. Dr« Salopoulos* character and integrity are beyond reproach;
- 3 - GRESK
(^. }- (kL-...-; ^i^" v,s.£./\i
star. Apr, 13, 1906.
he stands a tower of strength in our commimity. But the megalomanical octopus has succeeded in Involving in the diabolical schemes of its activity the personal and official support of the consul general* And the celebration of the Oreek national holiday was not a general celebration of the event which it commemorates but a parade of authority by the now*and-then pres* ideat of the community* The honorable doctor became the victim of cir- cumsteuices* It would have been better to refrain from participating in the celebration headed by our ex-president, Dr* G« Papaellou^ who does not represent the community , but the latest ruling of the Courts which has decided in his favor* Chaos beyond chaos prevails in the community, and the consul general was caught in the whirlwind of the conflicting decisions of the courts and unwittingly fell into the snare of Dr* Papaeliou^s meg^* lomania*
. 4 - QRSBK
°-"'''- ?C27s
Vypp (111-; ^Kbi start ^r* 13, 1906*
Sventually the will of the majority of the Greek community will prevails NewerthelesSf the Court's order must be respected, even though it be con«» trary to the community's interest*
The celebration, naturally , couldnot be what it was when the leaders of the community were not paranoiac s*
A few months ago Judge Kavanaugh, after hearing arguments pro and con in the litigation caused by the disqualification of Hr. Papaeliou as president of the Greek community in Chicago, ordered a new election in the community and appointed an election commissioner to iLssure an impartial record of the community's will* Dr« Sanitsas was elected president, and Dr* Papaeliou, upon his refusal to comply with the Court's order to turn over to his sue** cesser the records of the community's bank account, was fined $200 and cost for contempt of courts
• 5 - gREanc
V^PA (lit) ;^R0> ^»' ^' Star> Apr. 13, 1906*
th% navlyaleet^d president and his council begem to rebuild the community on its ruinsy and the defeated president, Dr» Papaeliou, began amother battle in courts The result is that another court has decided that Dr* Papaeliou is still the legal president of the community* The impartial election, the will of the people, and the interests of the community were disregarded in the new decision. The consul general and other innocent victims were caught in this imbroglio and forced to recognize the ex«*pres* Ident^s grip upon the sorrowful community. The presence of the consul general at the celebration implies that the ex-president is still president of the community. According to the Courtis ruling Dr. Papaeliou is still president, but the Court's decision cannot compel the community to love the unwanted ex-president and cooperate with him.
Dr. Papaeliou* s fiasco will remain in the history of the community as an unpleflisant events The Star suggests that Dr. Pag^aeliou mend the error of his ways and relinquish his phantom authority because the time will coiM
- 6 • GREEK
WPA (SLL) m} BO?.-- Star, Apr* 13f 1906.
when ha will feel ashamed of himself for doing the things that he should not have done* The Greek community of Chicago, in spite of its present predicament^ will go on and on» Megalomaniac presidents may retard its progress t but the community because of its abundance of talented men will attfliin the object at which it aims* The good and bad deeds of the com- munity's presidents will reflect on the character of the individual not on the character of the community* He who has ears to hear, let him hear!
Ill c
GREEK
I II H
IV Star, March 9. 1906. v^pA (U.U ^^^^^ *^''' '"
CHICAOO GREEK PRI^^ST IS STRIPPED OF ECCLESIASTICAL OFFICE BY THE HOLY SYNOD OF GREECE
p. 2- In an encyclical the Holy Synod of Greece has informed the Reverend L. Pegeas, head of the Greek Church in Chicago, and through him all the Greeks in the United States that the Reverend Father Georgeades, former priest of the Greek Church in Chicago, is deprived of all ecclesiastical authority and is stripped of his rank as a priest*
As it is known, Father Georgeaxies was recalled by the Synod a year ago on certain charges.
The Star, standing ready to render to Caesar that which belongs to Caesar, has investigated the charges and found them not only unsupported but really malicious. But that does not exonerate the priest before the eyes of the Synod. The good father, depending upon others to prove his innocence, has failed to appear before that august body and to answer the charges in person as the Synod requested*
I
in C - 2 - SRSEK
T Ti H
IV ^ star, March 9, 1906. WPA (ILL) Hk;j d'/ ^
That alone constitutes disobedience to the highest ecclesiastical authority and convicts him of disobedience for failure to appear. Disobedience to a duly constituted authority of the Church is an offense which the trib\inal cannot for^^ive.
The Star very much regrets the incident and reverently suggests to good Father Georgeades that he go to Athens and pay his respect to the Holy Synod of Greece. There is no other remedy.
' HI c
' 17
1
&REEK Star, Feb^ 9. 1906. WPA (ILL) PH... 3-1^/:^
i^HE GREEK COMUNITY OF CHICAGO Ai^iiJ I'HE COURTS
p# 3- After three years of litigation the Greek community of Chicago last summer was ordered by Judge Kavanaugh to hold a new election supervised by an election commissioner appointed by the court. The community has elected a new president, new officials, and a new board of governors under the supervision of the Greek consul general. Peace, order, and progress have followed last summer's election. Nov; comes the new decision of another court of equity which voids the election ordered by Judge Kavanaugh. The breathing-spell allowed to our harassed community was of short duration.
The ex-T) resident of the cominunity, ur. G. Papaeliou, who has never ceased to push the litigation, announced the other day that according to the new decision of the court the election of last summer has been invalidated and ntillified, and that he (Dr. Papaeliou) is still the president of the community.
I
I
4
- 2 - GREEK
Star, Feb, 9, 1906- VVPA (ILL) PROJ. 30275
The Star, not wishing to comment on the court's decision nor to drag the already soiled linen of the past presidency into the light of publicity again, will repeat for the benefit of those who are trying to rock the boat of the community the following saying: "In national or religious quarrels -victory won by court's decision is not glorious victory."
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xlavanau^h uc co::i:::iGi:;ion.,r, tlic. election of the Orce:: co;::::'Uiiity has "o'ven hold, and xne ad..;iniGtraticn cf Dr. Tapaelicu v;uc defeated all the v;ay through.
Cor;j::entc of t.ie city orec:: ure :r.any, variou::, .^^nd rather critical
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election v/a:- uii::;..r>eu hv an" i;Aticrtant incident. 'I^'lvj defeated •':resident
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to turn over s..^ ^^
turned over to ;'r. Dixon -'11 t^^e occkc except the ban:-: hooh and the cash booh, und for tnic delinouency he \.ae leni:.ntly fine;
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WPA(iLL)FKO, JLi27::
The nev/ly electee ofric-jrs ond council arc a: I'ollo'vs; !:r. .,. I. .vanitcas, president; i:. Kar-;lopGulo::, vice-prcGl i'jnc ; I. ..^tephanou, cccretarv; ;yr.
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incndac retro;:;oaloG, L. ::-.-.. Ocnstantincu, :t. C-yralii:;. i.ll the nevdv elected officers and ..lenhers cf tne ccuncii L..r . of trie eccl«jsia.:tical party v/i.ich defeated the progressives.
V.'ith the electicii o^ the nev; adr.iiriistri.tion ■;e nope that tne tur..;oil in tlie Greeh co::i::iunity v;ill z^^d.^ and xhat Draconian measures v;ill be taken to pre- vent the recurrence of the un_:'l':;asant conditio:, which has pr':;Vulled uurin[_;
eternal; v/^
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Ill c SREEK
II B 2 a (1)
I A 2 a ^^^' i*^^-') ^huj. ji)?yK
II D 3 Star, July 7, 1905.
II E 2
lY THE ELECTIONS OP THE GREEK COI.aiUNITY IN CHICAGO
(Editorial)
With the approach of the elections ordered by the Court for the Greek community in Chicago it is not the business of this paper to make suggestions or to tell the people how to vote, but as conscientious journalists we deem it advisable to bring to light the doings and the misdoings of the former president of the community, Dr. G. Papaeliou, who again has the audacity to be a candidate for re-election.
As soon as the treasury of the church became empty, after a three-year litigation through various co\irts, and as soon as the Appellate court confirmed the decision of the lower courts and ordered that Dr. Papaeliou should relinquish his throttling grip upon the treasury of the Church, and that new elections should be held, supervised by the court-appointed
. 2 - GREEK
Star. July 7. 1905. VVPA (ILL.) PRO. ji;^,?;
election commissioner or Jtidge, and when the indignant members of the community, because of Dr* Papaeliou*s mismsuiagement of its affairs, have begun to lose interest in the struggle for supremacy between opposing forces, our eminent doctor comes out before the public with profuse expressions of meekness and pretended obedience to the will of the people and tells them that a reorganization of the community is necessary.
The cultured smoothness suid the versatile evasiveness of the learned doctor have in the past exercised great influence upon the community, but insincere professions at last must reach an end - and when the end came, not only were Dr» Papaeliou's so-called achievements revealed as empty words, but the church's treasxiry was also revealed as empty* And above all, the name of the Greek community and the Church itself were dragged in the mire* These are some of Dr. Papaeliou's achievements while occupying the office of president of the Greek commiinity. Doctor, un- doubtedly you know the proverb, ••Arche Andra Deixei - authority reveals the man,** and by this time the community not only knows your inefficiency and incompetency in administering its affairs; it also knows the fibre of your character* A man may be excused for his ignorance and inexperience
. 3 . GBEBK
star. July 7. 1905. ^^- ('^-1-) PROJ- 30275
in piloting the ship of the community, and many times credit and honor are given to such a man when he is sincere in his efforts, hut when a man of your education and social standing deliberately steers the ship on the rocks, such a man not only cannot be forgiven hut rightfully draws upon himself popular condemnation.
Dr. Papaeliou's subterfuges in the past cmd his utter disregard for the by-laws of the community and the wishes of the people, who by parliamen- tary procedure in three meetings voted against him €Uid his associates, very clearly reveal the character of the person who was entrusted with the administration of the affairs of the community. It further reveals his unethical attitude in diminishing the Churches dignity and prestige by frequent litigation and causing several Judgments to be rendered against the community. The first decision of the Court, which now is confirmed by the hi^er coTirt, wms to hold new elections and give an account of the community's fiinds. Did he abide by the Court's order? Oh nol While the treasury of the community was packed with thousands of dollars, he and his clique, having no respect for themselves, no respect for the interests and the wishes of the people, and above all
- 4 - gREEK
WPA (ILL) PRO J. 3027b Star, July 7, 1905 •
not an lota of respect for the Greek Churchy whose ministers were humiliated, preferred to appead the case as if he had heen wronged by the Judgment of the lower court.
Now when the end of his rope is around his neck, and the treasury has he- come as poor as a church mouse, and the Judgment of the higher court has thundered over his hovine head, he sheepishly submits his case to the people of the community and hypocritically requests them to disregard all the allega- tions of his millgnant accusers and vote for him and his group in the forth- coming elections* He promises to build a Greek hospital, a Greek school, and a magnificent church. Why, doctor, do you not derive wisdom from your past mistakes? This is absolutely absurd. With what are you going to build the proposed institutions? Thousands upon thousands of dollars have been squan- dered by your selfishness for your Individual gain. Why did you not utilise that money for yoixr mythical enterprises, doctor? Were you so foolish as to think that you would be able to milk the cow forever? The people are not eating hay, and by this time they know you very well.
^m
.dMMMiM<.i ■iiiM niMiii I iimiKiiwi
^=5
'- 5 - (jREBK
Star, July 7, 1905. WPA (ILL; P^O^
The proposed institutions, doctor, will be built not by you but by others who are real, conscientious, patriotic Greeks. Your sun is set, doctor, not only as president of the community but as a public figure.
Don^t we know each other, doctor? Have we not had our soiled linen washed in the courts in yoTir libel suit against the Star? Have we not had fun, doctor? When the court-room was packed by Americans, did we not make them titter? Did we not substantiate the articles which we published about your mismanagement and misappropriation of the community's funds? Were we not exonerated by the court when we presented the articles of the other Greek newspaper in Chicago, Hellas, as the source of our information? Yes, dear doctorl But as we said above at the outset of this article, because of our duty to the public as Joiirnalists we shall not cease to ex- pose you and others of your kind when and where public interest is con- cerned. We shall continue, true to our principles, to inform the public ftoenever a public official goes astray.
Now these are the facts concerning the administration of Dr. Papaeliou and the squandering of the community's funds, and in the forthcoming elections each and every member is requested to do his utmost to re-
•>y \^ /_ / w-
mm
• 6 - SHEEK
Star, July 7, 1905. ^iyp/\ (ILL.) PROJ.3C2/t
establish the legal, normal, peaceful, and beneficial administration of the commonity's affairs.
Since we live in the second metropolis of the country and have a wonder- ful record of social and commercial progress, it would be to our advantage 8uid to the advantage of those Americans and others whom we come in con- tact with to have a house*c leaning of the present administration, which on the slightest provocation and many times without any cause whatever has dragged people into court tuider pretence of injured dignity or to settle insignificant differences* Let us observe the outcome*
■' Wllliiliil 11(111
ni c
> I c
IT
GREEE
Star, July 7, 1905.
WPA (ILL) PROJ. 30275 ELECTIONS OP THE GREEK COMMUNITY
COMMISSIONER'S ANNOUNCEMENT
p. 3- By ylrtue of Judge Earanaugh's order directing me to superrlee the elections of the Greek community in Chicago, I, G* S. Dixon, announce that the election of officers and members of the council will take place on July 9, 1905, at 106 East Randolph Street. The ballots will be opened between the hours of 9 A.M. to 6 P.M. The following persons are eligible to vote: those who have voted at the last election, those who were authorised by the Court's order since the last election, those who hare paid me $2 for registratioUt and those who paid the registration fee of $2 between July 9 and Dec. 24, 1904. The names of all those eligible to vote may be found in a list prepared by me according to the Court's instructions. The names of the candidates and their respective parties are as follows:
ll■«.lt^^A4^<M>«i
- 2 -
QxCJEJScL
Start July 7^ 1905,
Ccuidldates
Ecclesiastical Party
President, Dr. A« I. Sanitsas Vice-President t E. Karelopoulos Secretary, I* Stefdianou Treasurer, Cyr« Demas
Council
WPA (ILL) PROJ J0275
Progressiye Party
President, Dr. &• Papaeliou Vice-President, P. Spyrou Secretary, P. Eoutsouris Treasurer, N« Alezopoulos
Dem. Kominakis John Procos N* Uazarakos Tryphon Argyropoulos Dem. Floros John Orphanopoulos Spaminondas Petropoiilos Dem. Constant inou St. Spyrakis
Basil Brambas XI. Psicharis a. Kollias Pan. Sliopoulos Elias Bafes Greo* Becharas I • Oiannacox>oulo s< I. Papanastasiou 0. Stamatakos
Chicago, July 7, 1905.* &• S. Dixon, Commissioner.
Ill C GREEK
Star. June 2. 1905. WPA (!LU PROJ 3027b
NEW SOCIETY FORMED TO SUPPORT THE SOUTH SIDE CHURCH
p. 2- In order properly to support the newly-acquired Greek church located at 3019 Wabash Avenue, a new society has been founded under the name of WThe Greek Comm\inity of Chicetgo*" The founders of this society have advanced the following sums of money for obligations which may accrue: N« Lissaris, $300; G. Kilavos» $300; A* Prevenas, $300; K. Jovanis, $300; N. Yanakakos, "250; Ch. Vretos, $200; J. Drepanas» $200; £tnd Christakos and Pantelazos, $200.
The church was purchased for )|5,000«
Ill c
GRJ^K
Star, Apr. 21, 1905*
SECCMD GREEK GHURGIi III GHIGiiGO
WPA (ILL) PRO J. 30271
?»3 — Because of the limited capacity of the Greek church and the crowded condition every Sunday, prominent members of the Greek community here have decided that a second church is necessary so that church-goers \n.ll not have to stand outside the church, v;hich is alv/ays packed.
The nev; temporary church is located at 192? South Sta-ce Street, and with the Easter holidays on hand it is hoped that no one will have to stand outside for lack of space.
^
^11 C GBESK
II E 2 '
I^ SteEi. Wb- W, 1905. WPA (ILL,) PRO; mih
THE AFFAIRS OF THS GiBEBX, C01IUUNITr*«»TaPST»TDRVT#
(Editorial)
It is two months nov aixico tho court ruled that tho formsr bj^Jjors of tho aoflninitji^a osBttittttion aro null and Toid* and the new constitution » which was accepted by the eourt as the rij^t one^ should be adopted^ But while the community's treasury is in good conditiont Or« 6. Piq^Mteliou^ president of the cooBunity» does hot intend to giro up without a fuxther fi^t* So one appeal after the other is mads in order to prolong the topsy-turry condition of the Greek comnunity in Chicago.
Does that bring you credit and respect 9 doctor? I should say not# It is not progress » doctor f to prolong the illness of the patient 9 and you know it« Ihe community needs a Greek schooly a gpmasiumy a hospital, and many other social and philanthropic institutions, which ererywhere in the world are founded in communities much smallsr than the Greek comnunity of Chicago*
eiHD< h:
• 2--
WPA (ILL.} PROj S02/: Star. r«b. IT, 1905*
Your appeals to dafoat justice and retard the growth and progress of the conmunity are about to be exhausted, and the court will soon order new elections, which should hare taken place on D^c^vSb^^ ^2, 190t#
Tour presidency of the conninlty, doctor, proved to be Inconpetent, Inefficient, unconscientious, and very disastrous to the treasury. Your refusal to have the books of the coaainlty audited reveals either a despotic disposition or a deficit. Doctor, your days In office as president are now nunibered, and you shudder at the new constitution, iriilch hangs over you like the sword of Danocles. The new docuaent, doctor, abollahew the office of president and authorises the appointaent, by the court, of an ecclesiastical comdttee of twelve, under the ae^s of the Chicago Greek
Consul Oeaeralr to conduct the affairfi of th* AAiinfKi*i44>v
n
HI C SREEK
5 i i e. « V ,n nnnc WPA (ILL) PROj. 3027
II E 2 Star, Feb. 10, 1905.
17
JUDCHfENT A&AINST THS CHICAGO GREEK COMKCUVITT
$8»000 IN THE BANK
THE PEESIDEIfT AND HIS CHAIN OF LAWYERS
p. 3- In spite of $d»000 in the bank a Judgment of $285.65 has been entered against the Greek commanity in Chicago. Why? Because the presi- dent of the communityt I^r* Papaeliou, wants litigation in order to keep his string of lawyers busy. And what is the object or the necessity of keeping so many attorneys on the payroll of the community? To have enou^ legal talent on hand to perpetuate his grip upon the community's treasury.
It is really a shame and an indignity to permit the name of the community to be dragged into litigation. Time will teach oxxr eminent doctor that the president of a community must not stoop to actions motivated by personal animosity nor display the community's dirty linen in public litigation. Doctor, your oath to your profession is strong enough to bring you to your senses. Memorize it, doctor, for your interest and the interest of the community.
Ill c
III H
IV Star, Nov. 25, 1904,
GREEK
WPA r!LL) PRO J 302?^
THE GREEK COMMUNITY OF CHICAGO APPEALS ^ ^^ ^v^.i^^/,, TO THE GREEK CONSUL GENERAL
p. 3- A delegation of prominent Greeks, authorized by a general meeting of the Greek community of Chicago,, has visited Dr. N. Salopoulos, Consul General of Greece, and officially conveyed to him the unanimous desire of the community that the Hon. Dr. Salopoulos accept the presidency of the Chicago community.
Their argument was sound; they pointed out that under Dr. Salopoulos' s leadership the community will cease to be divided, harmony will prevail, corruption will cease and the beginning of a new life will forecast better days to come.
The erudite Greek Consul listened attentively to the request, thanked the delegation and the community, and informed them that he would take the matter under advisement.
GREEK III C
m H Star, Sap* 9, 1904*
17
WPA (ILL) PROJ. 30275
THE MEETING OF THE GREEK COUUDNITY
p« 1 • Last Suxiday 339 mambers af tha Graak oommunlty of Chicago hald a Biaatlng and raaalYad as follairsi
"To clasa tha church and its funds against any intrusion by appointaas of tha Holy Synod af Graaca; and
Ta sand a talagraphic appaal raquasting tha Holy Synod to rascind tha racall af Pathar Cyril Gaorgaadis."
Tha sassion alactad an acting prasidant to raplaca tha actual incumbant. Dr. G. Pi$ialiau, whom thay raquastad to rasign^ Tha na^rly ohosan acting prasidant and saoratary ara Mr« S# S« Fyrakis and Ur. Philip Kakas raspactiTaly*
Tha action af tha maating is a diraot blair to Dr* G# Papaaliau, ta tha Holy Synod af Graaoa^ and ta tha two crafty Graaks in Athans wha wara illagally appaintad by tha oustod prasidant to roprasant tha Chicago Graak community
in Graaca •
- 2 - GREEK
Star, Sap. 9, 1904. '''^^^' ^fLL.) PfiOj. 30275
Let them all In the future, be wise and not attempt to foster ideas and schemes nhich are contrary to reason, decency, and the welfare of the Greek community of Chicago.
GREEK
Star, Sept. 2, 1904.
THE RECALL OP THE SECOND PRIEST WITHIN A YEAR
THE GREEK COIflTONITY OP CHICAGO MUST TAKE STEPS TO TEACH THE HOLY SYNOD OP GREECE A LESSON
HOW TO SUCCEED IN COMPELLING THE HOLY SYNOD TO
RESPECT ITSELP
(Editorial)
When a person ceases to respect himself t others will follow suit and cease to respect him also* When that august, venerable body, the Holy Synod of Greece, ceases to maintain its dignity, its holiness, its majesty, and its awe-inspiring attitude, ineritably and \mfailingly, by the working of a natural law, the clergy and the laity will also cease to accord to the Synod the respect, the esteem, and the reverence which it properly merits*
- o -
GREEK
Star. Sept. 2, 1904.
With heart-felt anguish I am forced to admit that the ecclesiastical as well as the political authority in Greece is devoid of conscience. And when, in the name of the Almighty, conscience is lackin-, the result is dangerous to virtue.
When the body which we call the Holy Synod disregards the word and honor of the Chicago Greek Consul General, disregards the good work of the priests, disregards petitions and affidavits of the board of directors of the Chicago Greek community, and stooios so low as to take the v/ord and advice of a Krokidas, a "moiontain-goat" of the Greek Parliament, and the whisperings of a publisher in the Greek capital, it is about time for the Holy Synod to be put in its proioer place, lest it diminish or destroy the peopled respect and their devotion to the Greek Orthodox Church.
In order to avoid bloodshed among the warring factions in Chicago and the failure of the Church as an institution in the eyes of the peoole and to prevent its incurring the ridicule of all, the Greek community
- 3 -
GREEK
Start Sept. 2, 1904.
of Chicago is adyieed to close the church, hold its money tight, and appeal to our highest, our irreproachable ecclesiastical authority, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, to send a priest here as noteworthy as the lately recalled Reverend Father Georgeadis.
In regard to the two priests who are on their way to Chicago, appointed by the Holy Synod, if they wish to say mass, they are welcome to do so, but without remuneration from the community* The Holy Synod of Greece must pay their salaries.
In this way the Synod will discover that its appointees will not be able to proaounce their '^Kyrie Eleison" with the all-powerful treasury of the community locked against them.
Do you see the point, 0 august Body? In spite of our reverence for you we must be severe and stem, lest the whole edifice be polluted by conscienceless political contamination.
- 4 -
aRSEK
Star, Sept. 2, 1904.
Such an exaiimle set by the Chicago Oreek comraunity would iindouhtedly, when a similar occasion should arise, be followed by other coram mities in the United States which are under the immediate jurisdiction of the Holy Synod of Greece.
The ancient Greeks used to say: "Phobos Theou arche sophias - The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," and the Greeks of Chicago by proceeding to close their church and its treasury to the authority of the Synod will ^ondoubtedly inspire wisdom in the minds of that a\agust Body and compel it to give and to receive respect.
P. S. Lambros.
<
Ill c
I D 2 a (4)
I C,
GREEK
Star, Sept. 2. 1904. THZ CITY N"?WSPAPSRS AND THE GREEK PRIEST
p. 2- A couple of Chicago nev/spapers have unwisely and un-orofessionally reported the supposed utterances of the Greek priest at the meeting of Greek businessmen last Sunday in the Greek Orthodox Church.
The pious and popular Father Georgeadis, at the meeting of businessmen, in 'vhich 2»000 participated, delivered a speech enjoining patience, tolerance, obedience to social and civil law, and above all immediate consideration for the families of the packing-house strikers. He suggested that a committee of prominent Greeks should be formed, headed by the Consul General, to visit these fellow-Greeks of ours who took jobs there as strike-breakers and to induce them, for the sake of the strikers' families, for the sake of the injured business of their fellow- Greeks, and for the sake of the Greek race to abandon their temporary jobs, adding that they would have the blessing of the Church,
The newspapers printed among other things unbecoming to the dignity of
the Church a statement that the Greek priest, the Reverend Father Georgeadis,
i
- 2 -
Star, Sept. 2, 1904.
GREEK
had threatened the strike-breakers that if they did not aoandon their jobs at once, he would bar them from commiinion. . • •
This statement is utterly untrue. When v/e interviewed our sister- publications and inquired about the source of their information, the answer was that some Oreeks who were present at the meeting had told them what Father &eorgeadis had said.
Excellent journalism, eh? An admirable way to get news of a meeting] And an admirable thing to do, to drag the Church and its servants into disputes of this kindl I suggest for the dignity of the profession of journalism that professional methods of obtaining news be adopted.
Ill c
GREEK
. ni H
^ IV" star, Au^. 26, 1904.
'VPA OH) PRoi 30275
PROGRESS OF THE GREEK COLIIvIUNITY IN CHICAGO IS HAlvlPERED BY THE HOLY CHURCH OF GREECE
IS THE CHURCH PLAYING POLITICS?
77HAT IS BEHIND THE SCENE OF THE CHURCH'S FLOOD OF EVILS?.
(Editorial)
Upon the instigation of Dr. Papaeliou, president of the Chicago Greek community, the Holy Synod of Greece has recalled the Reverend Cyril Georgiadis, who because of his fatherly activities has become popular and beloved among the population of "Little Greece" in Chicago. His interest and his energy in building up the community are outstanding characteristics of his ecclesiastical incumbency. But as a true Hierarch, he took no orders from the president of the community, who in addition to other irregularities has refused to account for the community's funds.
. 2 - GHEEK
Star, Aug. 26, 1904
WPA (ILL.) PROJ. 30275
\7hen Dr. Gregory Papaeliou was interviewed by this paper in regard to an affidavit sent to the Holy Synod of Greece and supposedly authorized by the constituent members of the Greek cominunity of Chicago, he very glibly assured us that the affidavit contained an appeal to the Holy Synod for an additional priest because the expansion of the cominunity had rendered too onerous the duties performed by the single priest in charge.
But as v/e have been informed by the Greek Consulate-General, the purported affidavit was a request that the Reverend Father Georgiadis be recalled, among other unfounded charges alleging as reasons that Father Georgiadis divided the community and neglected his ecclesiastical duties.
The Holy Synod of Greece referred the affidavit to the Greek Consul of Chicago for verification of the charges therein contained. The Consul- General of Greece properly and discreetly investigated the allegations against the priest, reporting promptly that the charges were not only fantastic and absolutely unwarranted, but that the signatures of the board of directors, who signed the affidavit, were obtained by the presi-
- 3 - GREEK
Star, Aug. 26, 1904. WPA (ILL) PROJ. 302:^5
dent through deception and guile. The Holy Synod, confronted with the Greek Consul's official denial of the charges, threw the affidavit in the waste-basket.
The imperial and wily president of the community was not to he baffled by such a defeat. He turned his impish mind to other channels of activity in order to accomplish his purpose. The pious and beloved Greek priest must be recalled if he (Dr. Papaeliou) was to dominate the affairs of the community, and by unscrupiilous methods he appointed two Greeks of Athens to represent the Chicago Greek community before Church and State: Mr. Krokidas, a me ber of the Parliament, and Mr. Kanellides, publisher of the Times.
The result of Dr. Papaeliou' s appointment of the two above-mentioned individixals to represent the Greek community of Chicago before Church and Strate is that the Reverend Cyril Georgiadis met with the same fate as his predecessor of a year ago, the Reverend Father Ivlavrokordatos, who also was recalled by instigation of the saine president and for the same purpose.
- 4 - GREEK
Star, A\ig. 26, 1904
WPA (ILL) PROJ 30275
Is it proper to permit one's self to think that the Holy Synod of Greece is playing politics? Has the corruption of politics penetrated the invisible stronghold of the Church?
As things stand to-day, the answer is emphatically yes. The stately and immaculate thi ton" of the Church is somehow stained with spots of political corruption.
The progressing and rapidly increasing "Little Greece" of Chicago, instead of being aided and promoted by Mother-Church, is divided, handicapped, hampered, and shackled by the decisions of the Holy Synod of Greece.
The Holy Synod of Greece has within a year recalled two faithful servants of the Church from the Chicago Greek community upon the instigation of Dr. Papaeliou, autocratic presiaent of the community, because they both refused to be dominated by the wily doctor.
- 5- - GREEK
St^, Aug. 26. 1904. WPA(iLL)PR0J.3C275
Petitions and affidavits sent to the Holy Synod by the community's board of directors were not taken \inder consideration. Official documents of the Chicago Greek Consulate disproving the president's accusations against the priests were heeded not at all by the Holy Synod. The exposure by the Greek press of Chicago of Dr. Papaeliou's being short in the community's accounts had no effect upon the Synod. And now the imminent division of the comrauaity is not at all alarming to those who compose that body.
What is behind this unusual phenomenon? Why should the Chicago Greek community be represented in Greece by two individuals whose reputation and character are not above suspicion? Why does the Synod pursue a policy of disintegration? Why are the Greeks of Chicago and elsewhere interfered with in their establishment? Is the Synod Greek Orthodox? Where are the interest and the love of the Church toward the Greeks of America, who are struggling and striving to remain faithful to the Greek Orthodox religion? Is the Church supposed to pacify or to disturb the TTelfare and progress of the communities?
t
ft
9
m
- 6 - GREEK
Star, Aug. 26, 1904. WPA (ILL) PROi. 30276
X'he answers to all these questions lies with the Holy Synod itself, and before it is too late to undo what is already done, we respectfully suggest to those who compose that supposedly holy corporation to take immediate steps to amend their behavior and correct the evil conditions prevailing in the Church thro\xghout the Greek communities of America.
P. S. Lajabros.
Ill 0
II A 1 GREEK
II E 2
TT Star, Aug. 26, 1904.
SmiDRIES
p. 3- Undoubtedly the Greek community of Chicago is very much honored by its president, Dr. G. Papaeliou, and his profession. But it is too bad that the Grecian Aesculapius, in spite of his five years in this country, cannot hold a conversation in English to tell the American people how well he administers the affairs of the community. Besides this he is a very poor mathematician, for when it comes to giving an account of the community's funds, he always experiences great difficulty with figures and numbers. After all, the community cannot expect the learned doctor to be as efficient in figijring as he is in writing prescriotions.
Of course in regard to the $1,dOO shortage in the community's fmids he is not to be blamed, for doctoring and figuring are not the same art and profession, but when it comes to his inability to learn English, I think that our good doctor is not to be excused. Since he has lived here for five years and is still unable to use the English language as proficiently as he pushes the pencil, something must be wrong. Maybe I am unfair not to take the doctor's head into consideration. That is, he either has an Albanian head, incapable of learning anything, or his head is dizzy with
those bothersome figures. Anyway, our eminent doctor-president is pre- occupied with things that a mere publisher does not understand.
I
4 III C
IV
GREEK
Star, Aug. 19, 1904. WPA (ILL) PROi. 3077«:-
TH^ GREEK COMMUNITY OF CHICAGO DEMAIJDS AN ACCOUNTING OF DR. G. PAPAELIOU, ITS -PRESIDENT*
T). 2- Through its board of directors the Greek community of Chicago has filed a petition demanding of Dr. G. Papaeliou, its president, an accounting for the community's funds.
They maintain that the president has failed to fulfill his obligation under article 34 of the by-laws of the constitution, which requires him to appoint an examining committee of three, as auditors, to go over the books and report to the board the true condition of the administration.
Star' s note:
Mr. President, if the allegation of the board of directors is true, that is, if you are hiding the books and refuse to appoint the auditing committee, then, my dear doctor, as president of the community, you have failed to familiarize yourself with the constitution, which is above all, president, treasurer, board of directors, and everything else. And on the other hand let me remind you of the popiilar adage, "Clear skies fear no storms."
>
III C - 2 - GREEK
IV
Star, Aug. 19. 1904.
Mr. President, for the sake of harmony and peace appoint the examining committee, suid thus "render to Caesar that which is Caesar's." "A word to the wise is sufficient."
t
\ I
Start June 3, 1904. SREEK III C
III H iHE YALL OF THE GHEEK BACE AHD THE BYZANTINE BMPIHB. ^^,^ _,.,,,
WPA(iLL)PR0J.Ju2/b
THFS CHURCH IS THE CAUSE.
GREEKS OF CHICAGO BEWARE t *
THE ERRORS OF THE PAST MUST NOT BE REPEATED*
(Editorial)
The nee ting of the Chicago Greek commmity last week in regard to a new and better Church was not dignified» not orderly, not becoming to a religious causet and above all it was injurious to the Greek coBininity and very dangerous for the Greek race. The Church again comes to the front to divide, destroy* and retard the progress of this flourishing Greek community in Chicago as it did in the past when it let barbarian hordes enslave the metropolis of Christendom and brought on the faliL. of the Greek race and the dissolution of the Biysantine Empire*
-3-
SHElJg Star, June 3» 1904.
WPA(ILL)PR0J.3C27S
Religion and Chareh are dlrlne things « but they should not he mixed with affairs of state and affairs of the coDomnlty as they were In this case* State and Church do not bind**. A close combination of the two Is dangerous to both. Politics and Church are not built upon the same principles; there- fore each should rule In Its own domain and according to Its own principles and fundamental laws.
Affairs of state should be governed with an iron hand, resembling the immutable laws of nature; whereas the affairs of the rChurch should be handled In precisely the opposite wayt that is with forglTeness, tolerance^ klndnesst compassion, prayers, hymns, and the like. Two ideas totally opposite are the foundations of these two*polltles and Church.
Greeks of Chicago and elsewhere^ be on your guardi Remeber the fall of the Smpirot and donot let this distructlTO blunder be repeated to the detriment of our race.
-3-
Star^ Jiane 3» 1904* &R£S!K
DelTlzig into the depths of hietorjrt we find irrefutable evidence to verify our assertion in regard to the cause of the downfall of the race and of the Smpirot and here is what we read*
In the first period of the Bysantine Empire Justinian raised it to a strikingly lofty place by organising a strong and powerftxl army and developing better economic conditions. In his reign Christendom began to establish itself*
After his death the Church became all^-powerfult and began to dispute prerogatives and extra-ordinary powers with the State* This period of conflict covered about two centuries, from 600 to 800 A* D*t to the detriment of the Empire* During that period all the so-called prominent public figures and emperors proved to be the most wretched of rulers devoting their time and energy to theological debateSf and permitting the Saracens to seise iiaportant parts of the empire* In order to realise the depth of the downfall of politics, one has only to look at the history of that period; to his chagrin 'he will discover that everyone of the emperors bore some such cognomen as Iconoclast, Iconomachus, Froskynitis (worshipper), Theologos, and the other titles which decorate the names of
Eastern prelatism, neglecting the organization of the army and navy, which were and are the vital substance and pillars of the State*
star, June 3» 1904. GaBBg
WPA (ILL) PROi 30275
Daring the reign of the reed pure-»blooded Oreek emperors » that is from 867 to 1117 A* D., the Smpire* thanks to the wisdom of its rulers in keeping state and church in their proper places, not only regained its lost territory but conquered all the lands which were dominated by Bulgarians and other barbarian hordes and made the brare warriors of Arabia* who thrice attempted to storm the Queen of cities, pay the tribute of subjugation.
Until now* owing to the wise and iron rule of the emperors, the Church had been quiet* But this good policyt the result of wise thinking, could not reign for- erer, for the administrat6rs of the affairs of state could not and would not continue to think wisely. The Chtirch again came to the fore, this time on the war-*path not against the State but against itself, dividing Itself into factions, rocking the boat of the State by dragging the learned into a theological disputation to wit "Whether the Holy Spirit is delivered also by the Son.'^
-5- Star, June 3, 1904. SREE K
WPA(ILL)PROJ.3027h
For over two hundred years the tattle of the divided Churches, the Eastern and the Western, to settle this point of ••Spirit-delivery" continued in full hlast^ undermining the forces and the power of the Empire and demoralizing it in its dealings with foreign countries. This state of dispute continued to the year 1038t when every connection and relation between the two (Mother and Daughter) Churches was entirely cut off.
The Byzantine Baqpire again began to lose ground* The capital, as the economic center of the Xmpire, began to feel the attacks of the heterodox West and onslaughts of the Turks. The latter seised many countries which were left unprotected by the Empire, enslaved their inhabitants, and forced them to accept Uohammedanisffl. And by this time the whole of Thrace, Macedonia* Sterea* Peloponnesus, and the islands had become the prey of the Latins, the Venetians, and the Franks.
star, June 3, 1904. GBBBK
WPA (ILL.) PRO J
,JJ/J o
The Ifliplre at this time reseahled a pilotless boat in turbulent waters, driren hither and thither by the furious wares. In this predicament the emperors known as Paleolo^t fiprang up and took hold of the Church*sick«
Empire from 1S04 to 1453 these last emperore kept the Empire alive but not in flourishing condition* Many of the old wounds were healed, and Turkish invasions were frustrated, but the soul and the body of the Empire were sick with too much Church and too little organisation. The ferocious Turk had gained ground, for throti^^ut this period experience had taught him to be well organized, and he was impelled to fall upon his enemies by his zeal for spreading his religious doctrine* That the Byzantines were not match for the Turk is revealed by this comparison:
^Ihe Turk was distinguished for his devotion to his country and his readiness to die in its defense, whereas the Byzantine was devoted to his Icons and left the defense of his country in the hands of the archangels*
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Star, June 3, 1904. SBEBK
WPA (ILL) PRO] ^30275
0 foolish emperors of BysantiumI Why did you not utilise your Greek education and enlightenmentT Tour wise progenitors used to say, Syn Athena Kai Cheira Kinei-'When Athena helps, withhold not your hand. Oo& helps those who help themselTes."
Thus the defense of the city was left in the hands of divine entities and on May 29, 1453, Constantinople fell, as later fell the all teeece. into the hands of those who did not play with chxxrch, archangels. Holy Trinity, and speculations on "how the' Holy Spirit is delirered." Hations are really nations when enthusiasm and doTotion are felt by all the people equally, and the capital does not monopolise things which all the whole nation ought to share* Constantinople was stormed by
hordes, and neither Sterea nor Peloponnesus knew anything about it.
"0 foolish and over-churched emperors I The world knows of your religious blindness* The world is shocked by yoixr neglect to defent the safety of that huge Itopire* Were those 10,000 soldiers of yours enou^ to fight Mahomet's horde 300,000? Why were not the other Greek nation's notified to come to the rescue of the capital?
i
star, June 3, 1904. GWSSZ
WPA (ILL) PROJ. 30275
Tour Icons and your archangels brought ahout the fall of the clty^ hut the Byzantine Smplrey which was everywheret could not hare been subdued by the Turks if the organisation of the army had been extended into erery part of this huge domain. The political organisation was neglected for the benefit of the ecclesiastical organisatiout and thus the great fireek race ♦ent into oblivion* ^0 foolish Enrperor Paleologos! No one disputes your bravery in dying sword in hand fighting the infidel» but emperors serve their empires best not by fighting side by side with the aray but by ruling wisely. Emperors are supposed to use their brains, not their swords* The emperor is neither a soldier nor a warrior; he is the governing head*
HoWp brother areeks, clergymen and laymen alike, let us not drag the dignity of the church in the mire and cause the downfall of the Greek community in Chicago* Our community here is prospering, pwgressing, and expanding. Let us not revwrsa^ its upward progress* The Church is our own creation to serve the spiritual needs of the community. The Church is not the community; it is an institution of it.
*
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Star^ June 3, 1904. . GHEEK
WPA (iLL) PROJ 3027b
If we want a new and a Isurger Churchy let us all decide upon it, not a few
of us who are preoccupied with religion. If we are enthusiastic and interested, the
thing will he done quicker and hetter. The Church is not the property of the few.
And aboTe all , brother Greeks, clergymen and laymen, remember that Chicago is not the exclusslve territory of the Greeks and their Church; it is the territory of a commonwealth composed of many nationalities and many cruds. So be itt then let us follow the wise axiom, *When you are in Rome, do as the Bomans dOt" try doing in America as the Americans do. Let us have peace and attend to our business like Americans may rightly and Justly classify us as barbarious.
Greeks the world oyer, beware! The' blunders of the past must not be repeated* The Church is an institution of spiritual ministration and is not for the administration of the affairs of state.
If we heed the historical facts abore mentioned, the life and progress of this Greek empire, the Chicago Greek community, will become great.
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Star, March 25, 1904.
WPA (ILL) PROj. 30275
A PRIVATE CARRIAGE FOR TH^ GRilSK PRIEST ^
p. 2- Since the arrival of the Reverend Kyrillos Georgeadis, the Greek church here has begun to show a sr)irit of activity. Every Sunday the church is packed, and the collection basket (a plate is too small) is filled. Peace, harmony, and friendshio reign everywhere. The venerable Greek priest is a real model of religious devotion and reverence, and his presence, in and out of town, is indispensable. His religious services are required not only in Chicago but in other places also, where there is no Greek priest. Inclement weather does not keep Farther Georgeadis from responding to the call of ecclesiastical duty.
Because of delays and impediments in transportation the community has resolved to purchase a private carriage for the Greek father so that his services to peoole may be facilitated. Two weeks ago because of bad weather he was compelled to waste a whole day in the suburbs await- ing oroper facilities for travel.
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[ IV
Star, March 2u. 1904. yjpA {ILU PRO-^^^^^^
The resolution of the community to buy a carriage for the Reverend Father Georgeadis is enthusiastically aoproved of by all* since it will be appropriate and dignified for our priest to travel in a manner befitting his station in life.
t
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GREEK
Star, March 4, 1904.
THS N5r.VLY ELECTED OFFICERS OF THE GREEIC COMMUNITY IN CHICAGO
p. 2- The very imich disputed administration of the Greek Community in Chicago is a thing of the past since the official election of last Sunday.
As Judge Brentano had ordered, the rival factions filed affidavits of their candidacy, and the elections took place under the ausr)ices of a mixed committee, Greek ana American, appointed hy the Court.
The newly-elected officials who will administer the affairs of the community are as follows:
Dr. Gregory Papaeliou, president; St. Spyrakis, vice-president; Chr. Ladas, treasurer; Dem. Papantoniou, secretary. The members of the Coioncil are B. Georgacopoulos, Geo. Koteopoulos, Dem. Karambelas, 3. PetroTDOulos, Athanasius M\injuris, Kyriakos Deraas, Geo. Tsikhias, Const. Stavrakos, Dem. Chiambas, Philip Kekos, and Nicholas Kokinis.
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Star, March 4, 1904.
GREEK
The management of the Star wishes success to the newly-elected officials and hopes that the Drestige of the commiinity will be safeguarded and en- hanced*
\
III. ASSTMTTATI
D* Participa- tion in U. S. Service
;
IIZ D
SiXOnKI, ^e"br.ian7 5, 1936
I^^on
The 0-reek divicirn of t* e Anorlcnn I-^jion im a e'-^r^^a-t gptherir^ at the La Salle ffotel, olect-"'^ Its ne^^* of'^icers for th^ coning ye'^r. I^i*^ crovd that T3.?rticiTjnted in th^ installati'^n ^f the nev: officers extended it? hilarity until nornirL-: ho'irs.
)
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III B S
Saloniki-areek Press. May 16, 1935.
BENEFIT DANCE
Last Sunday, May 12, the George Dilboy society, a Greek world ^ar veteran's organization, gave a benefit dance at the Sherman Hotel. The purpose of this organization is to protect the interests of its members, and to keep before the mind of the American public the contributions of the Greek heroes of the American Army during the V/orld V/ar. To attain this latter purpose is why the organization is expending so much time and effort to have the name of Blue Island Avenue changed to Dilboy Avenue, Dilboy was a Greek hero who fought in the American Army and was killed in France.
This society is composed of honored Greek men, and we do not doubt that it will eventually accomplish its aim.
CO
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I A 1 a
II D 10 "Ahepa Receives Legionnaires With Open Ar»s,"
Ahepa Herald, (Official Organ of District No. 21. 1011 N. State Street, Chicago, 111.) October, 1933.
**To prciMte and encourage loyalty to the United States of America; allegiance to its flag; support to its Constitution; obedience to its laws and reverence for its history and traditions.
"To instill in every one of its members a due appreciation of the privileges of citizenship and the sacred duties attendant therewith; and to encoxxrage its members to always be profoundly interested actively participating in th« political, civic, social and commercial fields of human endeavor amd always to strive for the betterment of society. •*
(Sxcerpt from the Constitution of the Order of Ahepa)
The first week of October is American Legion Week in Chicago. Over 200,000 legionnaires have flooded the city, ihey have come to attend their fifteenth annual convention and to see the World's Pair. The Order of Ahepa, an organization devoted to the hi^est ideals of citisen^ ship, extends to all legionnaires a most hearty welcome.
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II D 10 Ahepa Herald t October, 1933«
W6« of the iUiepa, seek to devote ourselves to things American, 'inhere are things of the heart and mind that set apart America from all other nations* Concerning these our creed is concise suid definite*
We hold that the Constitution of the United States is the most effective instrument yet devised for the expression of the will of all the people for the benefit of a free people* It provides for a representative government responsible to the people for the carrying out of their commands; and it incorporates within itself the machinery for its alternation according to the people's will, leaving no argument to any advocate of forceful change. In this first century and one -half under this constitution the American Republic has advanced beyond any previous experience of mankind* At present our country is going through the greatest political, sociological and economic changes; greater than any that have taken place during the life of the present Constitution* And this Constitution has survived the severest of domestic and foreign difficulties* It brings to the American citizen liberty secured under the lawt €Uid the opportunity of working out his life according to his
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IZ D 10 Ahepa Herald, October, 1933.
desiree and his aDillties. It requires from the Anerican citizen loyalty. We of the Ahepa helieve the bargain is fair.
Illiteracy and ignorance comprise the one great menace to popixlar government • This condition must be met and conquered if popular government is to endure* We of the Ahepa have come to believe this to be a fundamental truth and we do whatever we can to wipe out illiteracy. We foster all the educational movements we can and have contributed and continue to contribute all we can to these movements*
Kor is this all that ccui and' must be done for the youth of America* Ability to read ana write is not the sole qtaalification of good citisenship* There must be an understanding of the meaning of civil government, and a comprehension of the salient facts of American history and the great spirit underlying and animating it with a realization of the value and significance of American insitutions*
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II D 10 Ahepa Heraldt October, 1933.
We kaow that the American Legion is devoted to tbeee lofty causes* We know that the American Legion was conceiyed in a season of splendor and sacrifice, and is consecrated to the service of the nation* This is the American Legion, and the Ahepa believes, that it is worthy of its loyalty*
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III C Proodos (iVograss), Aug. 3, 1932*
REQUEST FOR NEWS-^ITEMS IN GREEK
GREEK
WPA (ILL) PROJ. 302/5
p. 1— To our roqueat published in Proodoa last week for novs from our readers we have iiot had enoue^ replies with Items of Interest to the general public*
We do not belieye that our readers thought that they were expected to pay for the publication of their news. Of course they are not* The only expense is three cents for postage* (Tou know that last July the letter«*postage was in- creased from two cents to three cents • )
The receipt of social news through the mail to be published free of charge saves our going after the news or maintaining a staff of reporters and also benefits the children and the adults who report the news to us, and we are grateful to them besides* So we beg once more that you will let us hear from you with your news*
•» 2 » GSE3BK
Proodog (Pxrogress), iug« 3^ 1932«
WPA (ILL) PROJ- 30275 Election of Hallonie Post 343 of the Americcui Laglon#
At the election recently held by Hellenic Poet 343 of the imerican Legion the following officers were elected! John !!• Dayannes^ coimandery George S« PoricoWf Tice-comnandery Photis Petniesasy second Tice-commandery Theo* Anastosy third ▼ice-^^ommandery Dem« Has slop oulosy financial officer » Uinas JoannideSf health officer » Alex* Kastritses^ publicity officer » A* A* Pantelesf legal advisert Dem. PappaSf drill officer) P. Kastanesy auditor f the Reverend John OiannakakiSf chaplainy and Photis N. TselekaSf sergecmt- at-arms*
John Payannesy George PoricoSf D« A* Tiassiopoulosy Slias VerdoSf Arist. Kolliasy P. I. GeorgitseSf Nick Z. Kollias, Theo. AnastoSf and George Kopitas were elected members of the board of directors. Dem« A. Tassiopoulos was elected to represent the Post at the Illinois conyention*
. 3 •» QfiSEK
Proodoe (Progress), Aug. 3, 1932.
WPA(!LL)?ROi.3ii£7S
A Happy Carriage.
p. lT--On last Sunday Mr* John A. Dravilas and the charming Miss Maria D. Economopoulos were joined in holy matrimony. The ceremony was performed in St. Andrew's Church by the Reverend E. Tsurunake.
John Bussales was test man. After the ceremony the newly-^eds received the congratulations of the crowd, and a magnificent banquet was served in the spacious hall of the church followed by a dance which lasted into the late hours.
The happy couple left on their honeymoon trip accompanied by the best wishes cuid the blessings of their friends and their relatives.
• 4 • GgfflKK
ProodOB (Progress)! Aug. 3, 1932»
V,: •; (!lL»; rKU>.. ^-^'^^/'^r
Ihs Pienie of Ihsrmopylas and Gorgo Gapa Lodges
p. 1. The third annual picnic of Thermopylae and Gorgo Gkjfa Lodges in Paul's Grove was a great success and left indelible memories in the hearts of all who
attended*
The fine weather and the painstaking preparations of the indefatigable committee on arrangements, George Delahanes, Anast. Markakes, and Vasilike Bonsiou, com- bined with the fraternity's genuine spirit of brotherhood, were the reasons for this success*
The attendance was increased by the presence of the members of Aeschylus Lodge of Gary, Indiana, who came orolr in a body a hundred and fifty strong. Their band composed of youthful members of the Lodge, was the life of the picnic.
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Proodoa (iVograss}^ Aug. 3| 1932«
WPA (ILL.) PRO) 30275
The guasts liataned to addrasaaa mada by various brothara» and it was annotmcad that tha Gary lodga^s picnic will taka placa on August 21 ^ cuid that of Navarinon and Hastia ^odgas on August 28*
Susnaar in tha Country*
Sinca last waak tha family of Ut. P. Tsioyana has baan living in a dalig^tful country cottage at Longbaach » Indiana f whara thay intand to apand this summar*
In this first waak of their raaidanca in By-tha-Vay Cottage thay have entertained as guests Urs, Drew and her children^ Ur. Athena Taiovane^ and Hiss Stanatiaa
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VvPA (ILL) PROJ, 3027
Saloniki , IIov- ?.l, 1931
HIS DEATH HCIICR^T/ BY THI GREE LEOICNHAIRES
-o. 5,- John A. Athanasopoulos, who died at Hines Hospital from ooison i^as, v;as "buried with inilit; ry honors by the Hellenic ^ov-.t of the American Lei2:ion.
^
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The poor immigr&Jit, v/ho came here to m^aje a livin , - t the outbreak of the . ar with A..ierica, was amon^-; the first to be sent to the battlefields of France with the Am-rican eroedition. Ht; took oart in many battles, distinguished himself for his bravery, ana v/as destined to uie, by ooison gas, for his adopted covintry.
The fla.s for which he fought decorated his bier, snu military honors con- cluded his life.
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GfiSEEK
Salonlkl, Oct. 10, 1931
&RATITUDI
p« 5»- We have received a letter of appreciation for publication, from Greek veterans who have received hospitalization at the Govern- ment's hospital, Hines.
These unfortunate and crippled Greeks, who fought under the Stars eoid StripeSt sincerely expressed, in this letter, their gratitude to the Greek committee, who paid them a visit, bringing cheers and many use- ful presents* The number of Greek veterans at the Hines hospital is seventy-five and many of them are maimed*
The committee that performed this noble deed is as follows: Mrs* Despina Gregoriou, Mrs* Zuthalia Sakellariou, Mrs* Kleanthis, Mrs. Kostourou and the Rev* Sakellariou*
This philanthropic and noble example must be heeded by the many Greek societies i^ich also should bring cheering words and presents for each and every Greek veteran in the hospital* Let us make it a part of our business and duty to visit our suffering, ill and maimed boys, very often.
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Salonlkl . Sept. 26. 1931
DILBOY CHAPTER NO. 13 CHICAGO
p. 5.- The newly formed chapter "Dilboy", No. 13. has hegun to function In its activities to assist and help Greek crippled veterans of the United States Army, who fought in the great war.
Some of these Greek veterans do not know that the United States Govern- ment has free hospitals to take care of them. They also do not know, that the Government compensates the maimed and incapacitated veterans, according to their disability.
Those of the veterans who have any complaints to make will find the newly organized chapter ready and willing to forward their complaints to the proper authorities of the United States Government.
The foTinding of this ••Dilhoy" chapter was due to the initiative of Mr. Millos, who is a clerk in the Hines hospital, and whory^we congratulate for the assistance he has extended to the Greek hoys*
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Salonitei, Sept* 26, 1931
The executive Board of the "Dilboy" chapter is as follows: M. Malapanes, Com.; N«A« Blaes, Sr. Vice-Corn.; S. Louis, First Junior Tice-Comt; &• Lambatos, Second Junior Vice-Corn.; P.S. Sarelas, Third Junior Vice-Corn.; B. Bouliotis, Adj.; G. Sayoy, Vice-Adj.; G. Damalas, Treas.; J.M. Tanicks, Chaplain; H. Pirdes, Sergeant-at -Arras; J.J. Peppas, Officer of the Day; A. Palantges, Jxodge Advocate; P. A. Xinos, Color Sergeant.
( Stammary )
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Cihicago Greek Dally, June 24, 1931.
GREEK
THE PRESENTATION OF THE FLAG OF GRS2CE TO THE GOVERNOR OF ULIITOIS
Next Sunday the Hellenic-American Post of the American Legion and the Order of the Sons of Pericles will make the official presentation of the colors of the Greek nation to the Governor of our State. This will take place at our State capital, Springfield.
Following the presentation of the flag all those in attendance will take part in a requiem service at the tomb of Abraham Lincoln. The most Rev. Archbishop Athenagoras has been chosen to conduct this requiem service in honor of the great emancipator.
This ceremony promises to be an imposing affair. The conaittee in charge has chartered a special train to accomodate those who desire to attend, and the nominal fee of four dollars is charged for the round-trip ticket
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Chicago Groek Daily, June 24, 1931.
GREEK
to the city of Springfield. Those who wish to attend these ceiremonies are requested to meet in the Illinois Central Station at 8:45 A.M. sharp, Chicago daylight saving time.
It is hoped that many will take advantage of this splendid opportunity to show their reverence for the martyred President of the united States and at the same time to honor by their attendance the presentation of the Greek flag by the Government of Greece to the State of Illinois. The presentation of the colors of Greece to our State will be made in return for the presen- tation of the State flag by our State of Illinois to the Greek Government last year.
No one should miss this grand opportunity offered to us as true Hellenes to express our sentiments to the American people and also to pay homage to our own national flag in an official ceremony.
The Contradictor.
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OREEK
Correspondence of Mr. A. A. Pantelis, 221 N. La Salle St., Chicago, Illinois
June 10, 1931.
TO TrEE POST COm.LANDERS AITD ADJUTAITTS OF THE A!/iEHICA!T LEGION
The Cook County Council of The American Legion concurred in the action of the Executive Committee approving the recommendation of the Americanism Committee that the American Legion Posts participate in the Flag Day pro- gram of Chicago Lodge No. 4, B.P.O. Elks, Sunday, J^joae 14, 1931.
The services will t-ake place at the handstand located at the south end of Lincoln Park. The participants will assemble on Dearborn Street at Division Street at two o'clock P.M., from which r^oint they will march to the bandstand, where the exercises will be held.
Judge John P. McG-oorty, Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, will be the speaker of the day. Comrade Joseph Burke, Chairman of the Flag Day Com- mittee, will give the story of the flag.
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III D - 2 - GREEK
IV Jirne 10, 1931.
Correspondence of Mr» A» A. Pantelis
Drill Teams and Dinim and Bugle Corps of the various Posts should attend in uniform^ The names of the Posts, Drill Teams and Bugle Corps will be printed on the program if they are sent to Comrade Joseph Burke, or by phoning Liike Cullen, Rockwell 2034.
It is the wish of Laurence J. Fenlon, Commander of the Cook County Council, that full cooperation be given the Chicago Lodge No. 4. Elks at this time by all the Posts in Cook County.
Laurence J. Felon A. A. Pantelis,
Commander Chairman
Cook County Council Americanism Committee Cook County Council
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Miscellaneous '/aterial (i.'.anuscript) In Possession of lir. A. A. Fantelis, 221 IT. La Salle St.
ChiCcigo, 111., April 25, 1931.
From: A. A. Pantelis, Americcinisin Cliairi.ian.
To: District and Post Commanders and Post Adjutants and Americanism Officers.
Youth -t'eek v/ill be observed in Chicn(;o be^'inninr; Sunday, i.iay 17 to Satur- day, I.iay 2.3, 1951.
The object of Youth '/eek is to conce.itrate durin^^- one week the attention of the e.itire city of Chic^^s-o on its boys* and girls* achievements and their value to Chicago as its coi.iin^^ citizens.
The G-eneral Committee in charge of Chicago Youth '.'eek has arranged the activities for tlie entire v/eek.
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I H
IV Apr. 25, 1931.
Miscellaneous Material (ivianuscript)
Local or District Conjnittee criairrnen have oeen appointed throughout the city. The chairmen of the local committees are in charge of all activities.
A list of local or district chairraen of Youth '.eek is inclosed for your convenience. Communicate r:ith ;/our local chairmen at once and maice arraiij^e- ments to cooperate v;ith them.
The Am-iricanis.n ComiTiittee of The Americ-.n Le^rion Ij--. expected to be Darticu- larly active, and wherever pos-ible to take charge of the a.ctivities on Friday, May 22^ which day v;ill be devoted to Citizenshi'D.
Comrade Felt, Chairman of the Committee on Athletics of the Coo c County Council, is communicating v;ith the Athletics OfTicers of the various Posts requesting that triey particioate in the ojctivities of Wednesday, May 20, v/hich is the day devoted to Atliletics.
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IV Apr, 25, 1931
Iviiscellojieoue 1/Ia.terial (kajiuscript)
Commander Fenlon feels that these t77o days belong:: to the A!:>.rican Le>^rion Posts in the vfiriou^^ comjnunit ies. It is his v/ish that the various Posts take complete charge or at lecist cooperate with the local chairman during those two days.
The Americanism Committee stanus today ready to help yo^jr Post in connec- tion with Citizenship Day, Friday, ^.ay 22t '.»'e have for your use variotis pamphlets and literature. Should you desire any information telephone Centr^.l 3460 ana recuest any assistance you may need.
The 3oy is not ^'oinc_; to be a Citizen in some future tihie; he is a Citizen
new!
A. A. Pantelis, Chairman Americanism Committee Cook County Coiincil.
III D III B 1 IV I H
GrREEK
Correspondence of I.r* A. A. Pantelis, 221 N. La Salle St., Chicago, Illinois
April 14, 1931
Mrs. C. D. Raber, Chairman Cook County Council The American Legion Auxiliary 160 N. La Salle St. Chicago, Illinois
Dear Mrs. Raber:
On Friday evening at 7 P.M. there will be a meeting of the Americanism Committee of the Legion to which the members of your committee and your- self are invited.
' ^ III D - 2 - GBEEK
III B 1
IV Apr. 14, 1931 I H
Correspondence of Mr. A. A# Pantelis
The purpose of the meeting is to discuss plans for Boy's TTeek, I.'.ay 17-23.
T will te glad to have you attend this meeting with your committee.
Yours very truly,
A. A. Pantelis Chairman Americanism Committee Cook County
Council.
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The Greek Press, Dec. 4, 1930
A GOOD DEED
p* 5.- Last Saturday, 'the women of St Basil Church visited the Hines Soldier U Hospital, nhich carries the names of many Greeks of our city on its list of patients*
The ladies were laden with cigarettes, fruits, candies, etc., to dis- tribute to these men who served and were wounded in our World War*
Among the Greeks were Sam Louis, P* Derveris, K. Saunders (Siountris), P. Eigas, J. Tzanetis and K. Bellas. They heartily thanked the kindly disposed women for their gifts and for their visit. They asked them to come again soon*
GRSXE
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The Sreek Press, Nov. 6, 1930
iJIIRICAK LKION DiHd
p. 4.- The Greek chapter No. 343 of the American Legion is giving its axmoal dance at the Aragont Monday, Nov. 10.
Many prominent Creek and American people will he present and a good time will he had hy all.
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Correspondence of Mr. A, A. Pantelis, 221 N. La Salle St., Chicago, Illinois
October 3, 1930
Mr. A. A. Pantelis
1S4 N. La Salle St., Room 1302
Chica^co, Illinois
Dear Comrade:
It affords me a great deal of personal pleasure to formally notify you of your selection as Chairman of the Americanism Committee of Cook Co\inty Council, The American Legion, Department of Illinois*
You realize as I do that to properly function and effectively represent our Council, composed of 175 Posts and more than 3,200 Legion members.
Ill D - 2 - aBEEK
III B 1
IV Oct* 3, 1930.
I H
Correspondence of Mr* A. A# Pantelis
the bulk of the work necessarily is delegated to the various committees and the responsibility for our success especially rests upon the committee Chairman.
I know the many calls made upon your time but hope that as a personal favor to me and as your sacrifice for the Legion this year, you will accept this appointment.
You will be furnished in the very near future with the names and addresses of your Committee and I know you will cooperate with them, the other committees and the officers of the State Department and Council in making 1951 the best year in our entire history.
Sincerely yours,
Laurence J. Fenlon, Commander.
Ill D III H
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"^•■"•i.
WFA (!LL) FRC. viu;-./ The Greek Press. April 23, 1930
MMICAK LEGION
p, 4.- The ••George Dilboy" chapter of the American Legion at a meeting last Friday, April 11, decided to organize an expedition to Greece in August. The purpose of the expedition is to see the "building in Athens which the Greek government is presenting to the American Legion.
A medal will he given by the Greek government to all Americans and Greeks making the trip.
Every Greek who has "been an American soldier should go on this expedition, as people from all over the United States will do*
George Dilhoy Chapter 59 Washington Street New York.
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GREEK
Salonikl
March 29, 1930
^?f.(llUPR0].3
GREEK POST OF THE AMERICAN IE6I0N
p* 3 ^d executive committee of the Greek Post of the American Legion, has set out to get more members to join the Post*
The services of the Post are well known among veterans of Greek extraction who served In the U« 3. Army* All members are asked to eisslst In getting more members, so that the Post may become a powerful one*
GRXSK
III D
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Salonikl, Jan. 2b, 1930.
Lm'TER OF APPRECIATION UNIlED Si'ATES NAVAL HOSPllAL, GREAT LAKES, ILL*
p. 2.- Mr. Editor of Saloniki:
In the name of all disabled Greek veterans or the World War, who are re- ceiving government hospitalization here, I hasten to express our appre- ciation and gratitude for your kindness amd generosity in mailing a copy of your publication to each one of our Greek boys here. Mr. Editor, every Monday, the day on which we receive your newspaper is like a holi- day to us, because it makes us feel that we are not forgotten by our fellow Greeks. It is just like a stimulant to the mind and body to read the affairs of the Greek community ana the affairs of our beloved Greece.
Also, kindly convey our appreciation to Hellenic Post No. 343 of the American Legion, and especially to John Giannikakis, for their kind visit and for the presents they brought to us. Such visits from the outside world make us forget our troubles and pains, and feel that we still are members of this great commonwealth.
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GREEK (- V1.PA. si
Saloniki , Jan. 2d. 1930* Thfitnking you all from the bottom of our heart we respectfully remain,
Disabled Veterans of the U.S.N.H. Great Lakes, 111. By Michael Maistros*
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IV The teeek Press « Nov. 6, 1929.
AMERICAN LEMON
The Hellenic' Post No. 343 of the American Legion, in a meeting on Tuesday, October 29 at the Sherman Hotels elected officers for 1930* Thejr are:
Commander* George S. Porikos
Senior Vice-Commander- L. Nigal
First Junior Vice- Commander- Louis P. Vercos
Second Junior Vice-Commander- C. Adonopoulus
Finance Officer- D. Delevois
Medical Officer- Dr» C. Koursoiimis
Judge Advocate- D. a. Tasiopoulos
Service Officer- Hercules Malaranes
Athletic Officer- Fotis Petmezas
Historian- O. Spannon
Auditor- D. E. Alex
Chaplain- C. Chicles
Sergeant-at-Arms- John M. Dayantis
Publicity Officer- A. Pantelis
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The Oreek Press, Nov. 6, 1929 •
GBEEK
Members of the Executive Committee:
Sajn N. Boris Aristotle Collias N. P. Conglis
Installation will take place November 12, at the Sherman Hotels
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The Greek Press, July 17, 1929
TrL2 GREEK CHAPTER 0? TI-.L A'::RICA:^ LEill
Mr. 3-eorge Porikos ';7os elected reT^repent^^tive of the i.e"' Tenic Post I'O. 3U3 of the Anericpn I-e^lon to c-^.ttend the convention.
The convention r:ill t^ke pl<?ce in Hock Island, Illinois, towards the end of Jill?/' rnd vdl"^ hrve present i^.em'bers of all the chapters in Illinois.
ufiSBK
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^^J ^ *' Salonlki, Oct. 6, 1928, p. 3
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H* MATJRIKIDES IN OUR COlMJNITr
Last Monday there arrived from Greece H. Maurikides, Secretary at the American Legation in Athens, Greece. Mr. Maurikides, twelve years ago, was a citizen of Chicago and is well-known among the Greeks. He is the foiinder of the Athens Post of the American Legion, and came to the United States as a delegate of the Post to the lOth Convention of the Legion, which will take place at San Antonio, Texas, on Oct. 10th. After he was entertained by many friends, he left for the Convention, promising to return to Chicago for a ten days sojourn.
He has two resolutions, of the Athens Post to present at the Conven- tion, and we have no doubt that the general assembly will pass upon them*
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SRSEK Salonikl , Oct. 6, 1928.
VVPA (ILL) PROJ, 3027?
The first is to demand that a law be passed by the United States Congress permitting Oreek vetersuis, who served honorably in the United States Army and are good citizens, to bring to America their wives and children above the ouota of the immigration law* These Sreek boys who fought for the Stars and Stripes and are good American citizens, wish to be permanently established here with their families.
The second resolution is, that the American Legion, as a whole, through its Executive Committee, assist the Athens Post, financially, to build in Athens an edifice of the Lefrion, which will serve as a meeting place for every American who visits the G-reek capital •
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Salonikl^ July 14, 1928, p* 4 HELLENIC POST NO. 343
&RSEK
DEPARTUENT OF ILLINOIS, THE AMERICAN LEGION.
The members of the Hellenic Post No. 343 of the American Legion,held their regular July meeting last Tuesday evening in the Sherman Hotels at which meeting delegates and alternates were elected to the Illinois Department ConTention to be held at Watikegan, Illinois, Sept. 8, 9, and 10, 1938.
Demetrios A. Tasiopoulos, a well known Chicago attorney, and Dr. Uinas Joannides, a prominent Chicago physician and stirgeon, were elected delegates to the convention, and Demetrius J. Georgeteiv, a grocer at 2583 North Clark street, suad George J. Alex, a member of the well* known Chicago firm of Peppas and Alex Co.^ were elected alternates.
Theeleeted ^^legates and alternates are well qxialified for their positions and will represent the Hellenic Post at the convention with credit*
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Salonlkl , May 5, 1928, p. 6
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THE HELLENIC POST*
WPA (!Ll.)PROJ« 30275
The Hellenic Post of the American Legion invites legionnaires of Greek extraction, their ^^iveB, and friends, to attend its opening meeting which will take place next Tuesday 8 P« M. at the Sherman Hotels Refreshments and entertainments will follow the meeting*
The women's auxiliary post, which was formed recently, was invited and accepted the invitation to he present at the meeting.
Mr. H. Malapanis, president of the Post, works with zeal and self denial to make the Hellenic Post one of the best of the Legion.
It is the duty of every vetersui of Oreek extraction to join the Post, for his own interest and the prestige of the Greek name. Become a legionnaire! It is an honor to he one*
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Salonikit Jan. 7, 1928, p» 3
HELLENIC POST NO •343 DEPARTMENT OP ILLINOIS
TH3 AMERICM LEMON*
The Hellenic Poet of the American Legion held Its election for 1928. The following officers are elected:
Commander—- —Hercules Malapanes
Senior Vice Co mmander-Deme trios A. Taslopoulos let. Junior Vice Commandeip— •— Loul s Nlgas 2nd Junior Vice Commander— —Peter Mechales
Finance Officer- Demetrlos J. Georgetsls
Uedlcad Officer— —-Dr. Mlnas Joannldes
Publicity Officer- -Demetrlos N. Delevols
Judge Advocate- —George S. Porlkos
Service Officer— Donald J. Pierce
Athletic Officer-^ — — ~ — ^James Papas
Historian— — —George Georgandas
Auditor——- — --—Demetrius E. Alex
Chaplain—— — —-Alexander Castrltsls
Salonlklt Jan. 7, 1928.
Sergeant-at-Ann8-~~- ..-^^— Nicholas Z. Kollas
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Malapanesy Taslopoulos^ GeorgetslSy Alex^ DeLevois, Gust PatsioSp Dr. Jofiumldesp Eolias Thomas Leventls.
Installation of the new officers will take place on Jan. 30th 8 P.M. at the Red Rooffl« Hotel La Salle.
Post national commander B. P. Savage and Post Depairtment Commander 7. C. Watkins will be the installing officers.
A sergeant bugler and a drummer from the Illinois National Gxiard will land military color to the ceremonies. Jim Bowers, of Advertising Men^s Post, will recite his famous selection ••40 Hommes and 8 Cheveaiix.»* A well known singer will sing a few selections. Refreshments will be served and a dance will follow the installing ceremonies.
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Greet Star, Jan* 6, 1928.
HELLSmC POST ELECTS NEW OFFIGEBS
Hellenlo Poet Number 343 of the AnericaA Legion will install its new % officers on January 30 » 1928 » at tlie Hotel La Salle* ^
The following officers have been elected and will be officially installed on O the thirtieth: Consiandex', Hercules Ualapanes; Senior Commander, Demitrios A. ^ Tasiopulos; First Junior Vice Commander » Louis Nigas; Second Junior Vice Commander, Peter Machales; Finance Officer, Demitrios J. Georgetsis; Medical Officer, Dr* Minas Joannides; Publicity Officer, Demitrios N. Delevois; Judge AdYOcate, George S. Porikos; Service Officer, Demetrios J# Pierce; Athletic Officer, James Pappas; Historian, George Georgandas; Auditor, Demetrios E. Alex; Chaplain, Alexander P. Castritsis; Sergeant-at-arms , Nicholas Z. Eollias; ExecutiTe Coim&ittee, Hercules Halapanes, Demetrios A. Tasiopulos, Demetrios J. Georgetsis, George J. Alex, Demetrios N* Dele- ▼ios. Gust Patsios, Dr. Minas Joannides, Nicholas Z. Kollias, Thomas Leventis.
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Greek Star, Jan. 6, 1928.
The adopted sons of AaiBrica, of Greek birth, as well as those born here of
Greek parentage, can mutually share in the honor of victory in the World
War, in which thousands of Greek soldiers participated. Ail inarched shoulder
to shoulder v/ith the American boys to dedicate the Aiaerican flag, victorious
on the field of honor in the new Thermopylae of Belgium and Prance. ^
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The Hellenic Post, which occupies a prominent position as a group of the American Legion, stands today among Greeks as the divine inspiration of patriotism and Americanism. Our young men have proved by fighting in the World 7/ar that they came to this co\intry not only to be benefited by the rich opportunities afforded to them as citizens but also to share in the responsibilities of their adopted country. To those heroes v/ho stood by the principles that are symbolized by the Star-Spangled Banner we me ever- lasting gratitude for the great service which they rendered to their country and to humanity •
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Greek Star> Jan. 6, 1928.
T7e are proud that they are scions of the "glory that was Greece," and nov/ ^
belong to the land that stands for the highest and noblest ideals of republican ^
government, I 'ore power to the members of the /aaerican Legion who strove to F
conquer the enemy that freedom night triumph! ^--
As the deeds of the brave men will be forever remexnbered, so the American Legion 2 and the Hellenic Post will persist as long as one man of them survives. The g success of the American organization inspires us with memories of the noble deeds of the martyrs of the great war who made the supreme sacrifice, leaving to their comrades the rich inheritance of all that is highest in America and in her institutions.
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SAIOTTI?:!, Ju'^T -^0, 1^27
TheO'^?:^e Pol.a^lr'.is
dore Palr^micl^, r^r'^^rv^ officer '^f th<=* •^'^ri'^'^n Army rn'^ former "b-nker, no' in ''Greece, is in y^rv ^ood h<^s1th ?r.d is not 'i'^n.^f^^ronplv ill -^c som*^ of the ^hic ,9:0 Nerspcp^rs h -^v^ published, Soon the G-re^V: comnrmity of Chic-30 ^'^ill l^e honor^^d '^'ith his return.
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Saloniki^ Dec. 18, 1926.
JiLSCrriONS OF O.-yiCiilKS OF GxHiikiK AMttiKlCM JLilGION.
The Chapter 343 of the Greek Americm Legion has elected as new officers:
D« k. Tasiopoulos, oommander; i:* oonglis, or. vice-oommander; ii« Verdos, 1st* «ir« Vice-^Coinmander ; N« Cachavos, 2nd Jr. ViceHiioinmander; Th. Michacopoulos, Finance Officer; P. Stavropoulos, chaplain; uus roles, uergeant at iirms; Jaunes Papas, Athletic Official; D. Del vols, Auditor; P« kechales. Historian; C. Koursoiimis, Medical Offical; A. A. Pantelis, Publicity; J. Dayiantis, bervice official.
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SALONIKI . May 15, 1926
Greek Chapter of the American Legion
The drive of the Greek branch of the American Legion for new members has just begun.
At the last convention of the American Legion, at Omaha, Nebraska, it was resolyed, to begin the drive for members at once, and not to stop, until every Greek of the American Expeditionary Forces, became a member of the American Legion.
It is the sacred duty of every veteran of Hellenic extraction to become a member of the Legion. Uembers of the Legion are the flower of the mascoline sex of America. It is composed of men who marched -under the Stars and Stripes in the World War. Every veteran of Hellenic origin who becomes a member of the Greek branch enhances the prestige of the Greek population of Chicago.
Become a member of the Greek chapter No, 3^3 of the American Legion.
D. Delivoys, Manager of Publicity of the Greek Chapter of the American Legion.
TTT T) (jxtEEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Apr. 30, 1926.
THE GREEK CHAPTER OP THE AIvERICAN LEGION
The campaign for increasing the membership has begun with resiilts far exceeding every expectation,
The Greek chapter, under the capable leadership of Captain K.
Kousoumis and with the full cooperation of its officials and members, has formulated plans which will enable it to become the first chapter in the city auid perhaps in the state.
It is the sacred duty of every former soldier of Greek descent who is not a member of the chapter (and there are hundreds of them) to hasten to enroll.
• • • • • Every former soldier of Greciaui descent who becomes a member of the Greek chapter will not only honor himself but will also greatly contribute to the prestige of the Greek community of Chicago.
'D. Delevois,
Publishing Itemager.
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Salonlkl > Mar. 27, 1926.
(SffiSK-JaiSRICAN L3GI0N HONORS MR. RAKOS
The body of the deceased Paul Rakos was bedecked with flowers and wrapped with the American Flag. The legionaires marched to his last place of rest.
Paul Rakos, having come to this countiTr in 1910, adopted this country as his own, thus becoming an American by choice. He loved the American flag, not particularly because of the bright colors, or stripes and stars, but because of its great symbolism; because of the great principles for which it stands, one of which is that, •'Equal opportunity be given to everyone. « As he gladly donned the uniform in defense of his adopted country, we may truly call him a one hundred per cent American, for he who is ready and willing to Uve by certain just principles must also be ready to defend and if necessary to die in upholding such principles. Such principles that one can live or die by are contained in our Constitution of the United States of America*
OREEK
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CHICAGO GREEK DAILY. Dec. I5. I92U The Oreek Legion's Fete.
An unusual ceremony is being prepared by the Oreek-American Legion of War Veterans. This organization, under ceremonial leadership of Mr. Stati Mitchel, will hold its imitiation of new officers. Dr. Const. Koursoumias, present com- mander, invites all fellow nationals of our Community to he there, thus honoring hy their presence and support morally, the noble efforts of our good and select- ed youth who, by their Legion, remind many Americans that, as sons of the immor- tal Greecian race, and deeply conscious of their descent, they do not pay tribute only to the God of Profit, Hermes, only, but that when honor and duty demand, they can also cheer the ^^d of War, Mars.
The sentiment of hatred against aliens, so much intensified lately, by a portion of native Americans, ougjit to be crushed against such associations as the Greek-American Legion, in order to come to itself and realize that all immi- grants have helped and do help toward the present magnificence of their adopted country.
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GBEEK
CHICAGO GREEK DAILY, Dec. 15, 192U.
That is why we think that it is a necessary duty and an ohligation, on our part, to support and encourage organizations similar to the Greek-American Legion.
This aim, we will accomplish hy going to the aristocratic Drill Hall, Capitol Building, on Randolph and State Sts., next Tuesday, S P.M., where a pleasant surprise is anticipated, etc.
Let our slogan "be: "All to the fete of the Legion."
GBEBK
Saloniki. D«c. 13, 1924* THE GREEK POST OF THE AMERICAN LEGION TO INSTALL ITS OFFICERS
p. 3*— »Ih« Greek Poet of the American Legiont whiehy by the way, is one of the moat active In the State of IHlnoley will Install Its new officers on the 16th of this month at 8 p« m. in the Capitol Building*
The committee on arrangements for this affair has invited Greek musicians to play for the occasion* It has also invited the baritone Ur. Leonidas Kardnes to singt and Ur. P. Voumas with his orchestra will entertain those who attend with popular musio and Greek f olk-«songs«
in "•'•" *■■'!
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Salonlkl. Nov. 15, 1924.
ELECTION OF THE GREEK DIVISION OP THE AMERICAN LEGION
p«2«.^TliA Greek division of tho American Legion on last Thursday elected its administrative council for 1925* The new officers will be installed at the beginning of the year*
They are C. Koursoumis, comnander, T* Geroulas, senior vice-commander, 1. Costopoulos, first junior vice-commander, Gust. Poulos, second junior vice- comnander, Charles Limbert, treasurer, T. Papadopoulos, historian, P. Stavropoulos, chaplain. A* Collias, service officer, P. T. Pappas, auditor, James Pappas, athletic officer, D. E. Alex, publicity officer, H. Ualapanes, medical officer and S* Andeppas, sergeant-at-arms«
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Salonlki, Oct. 11, I924.
THE GREEK- AMSRI CAN LEGION'S DAKCE
GREEK
WPA (ILL) ^RO;, 3027^
p. 2~In the beautifully decorated dance-hall of the Sherman Hotel more than eight hundred people of both sexes recently gathered to enjoy the magnifi- cent and impressive dance of the Greek-American Legion.
A large orchestra, an abundance of flowers, and a well- stocked buffet with polite service by the reception committee and their assistants made this dance memorable*
All departed after midnight in the best of spirits*
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SECOND ANNUAL PICNIC OF THE (SEEK POST OF THE AMERICAN LEGION*
p« 3^ The Greek Poet of the Aaerican Legion will giro ite eeeond aninial pionie at Xr^ing Park boulerard and the Dee Plainee rireri where it wae held laet year.
The entertaiiunent committee ie making every effort to eatisy completely all who attend. To reach the park^ take the Irring Fark car to the end of the line^ where bueeee will be waiting to conrey you to the picnic grounde* Kindly honor the Legion by your preeence*
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Salonikl . November 10, 1923,
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SOII}IBR» GEOHGEE DILB07, EXIIED IN THE BA!TTI£ OF BELLBAU WOODS, PROCIABED AS ONE OF IHE WORID^S GREATEST HEROES
Officers of the Amy and fellow soldiers will pairticipate in honoring the memory of George Dilboy, to whom Congress awarded a medal of honor for dis- tinguished courage* He was killed in action at the battle of Belleau Woods in France.
George Dilboy lost his life in the Belleau Woods* His body was sent to his parents* place of residence , Alasata, Turkey, where the Turkish soldiers re- moved the American flag and dishonored the dead body* This incident caused
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Washington, D* C. November 4, 1923. ^
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The corpse of George Dilboy of Massachusetts, declared by the United States ^ War Department one of the world's greatest heroes, will be buried with full 2 military honors in Arlington Cemetery. co
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Saloniki, November 10, 1923.
diplomatic friction betv/een the United States and Hirkey. jRie corpse of George Dilboy was sent to be buried in the United States at the request of his parents. ^
To-day the V/ar Department submitted its plans for the burial ceremony with the p following note: -^
♦♦The history of the heroism of this yo\ing soldier of Greek descent is glorious. 2 The sq\xad to which he was attached was under the constant fire of German machine- gxms zo such an extent that the second lieutenant could not see any way by which they could reach the machine-gxm nest. A lad with an automatic pistol in hand jumped up and said,
•TLieutenant , may I have "che honor of wiping out that nest?"
This young man, who was no other than Dilboy, lay prone upon the gro\ind and so advemced by crawling ^oward the neat/, killing many machine-gunners with his automatic pistol* In his advance he was twice wounded by the Germans; he did not stop to "Dhink about himself but kept on going. When he reached his
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Salonlkl > November 10, 1923, destination, he foiind that two Germans remained alive.
As he rose the continuous shooting by the German cut off his right leg. Again he fell prone and advanced, assisted by his left heel* He turned his head aixi r= shot the remaining two Geimans* C
Lying on one side and raising his right hand, he gave his squadron "Dhe signal 2 to advance and died with a smile on his face. ^
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GREEIC
Corresioondence of '.'.r. A. A. Pantelis 221 v.. La Salle ^^t., Chica.'O, Illinois
March 2,s 1923.
(Letter sent by ^i-eorw^'e F. Carroll, Secretary of the Cook County American Le{i:ion Association of Illinois, to \'.t. A. A. Pantelis)
My dear Mr. Pantelis:
At the lafit T.eetin^- of the Cook County American Legion Association held
on I.larch 7th, 192o, you were imanimously elected as a Delegate-at-Large.
Tae Officers and Directors of the Association are very desirous of se- curing the advantage of your counsel and judfcment in the adiniaistrati on of the Cooic Comity Araerican Le^rion Association, and would be very happy if you can accept the office.
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^„^ Mar. 23, 1923.
Correcpondence of iV. A. A. Pa^itelis
^•e a-Tprecinte that you are a very busy raan, but thiG added obligation of service in this connection, v;e feel sure will aopeal to you.
May we hfi.v^: an early acknowledgment th?.t you will serve?
Youry very truly,
Cook Co^JLnty AmeriCcUi Ler^ion Association,
George F. Carroll, Secretary,
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Corresoondence of l.'r. A. A. Pantelis, ??1 ■'. Ln Salle St., Chica-o . Illinoic
!'r. A. A. Pantelis, 155 v.. Clr,r> St. Chica-'c, 111.
:,"v dear "r. Pant ^ lis:
At the la^t . .eetin/; o: the Cook County A- rica:. ..e^io-i Association liield on harch 7, 19Po, you v/ero unaniinoueily elected as a i)ele^ate-at-Lf>r^:;e.
The officers and directcia^ of t'le Association are desirous of securing- the r.avantaje of your counr^el r^fiCi jud.^:ment in the acrninic-traticn of tne Uool: County^Arnerican Legion Association, ano. w^ula be v-ry ha -py if you can acceot the office, '"e a>ir)reciate th'-.t you -re a very busy .aan, but this added oulii^:ation of service in this connection, v;e feel s'are v/ill appeal to you. h.ay ve have nn early acknov led^ment that you v;il]. serve?
Yours ver^' truly. Cook Coiinty Ar-nerlcan Le,c;;;ion Association, Ly Jeorge i^h Carroll, Secretary.
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Salonlki. Feb. 10, 1923,
INIS^STING INFCSUyUlTKm FCR THE 6BEEK VETERANS OP
THE iUIERICAN ARlff.
GMEK
WPA ;1L^.) PROJ. 30270
it a special meeting of Hellenic Post 343 of the Aiaerican Legion the tindereigned were appointed to a task irtiich we undertake with pleasure, naaely, to fill out bonus-blanks or to render any other senriee, including notaurization of bonus- applications, free of charge to all Greeks who senred the iveriean Anqr in the World War. Apply toi
D, £• Alex, 167 West Lake street.
Ganas, 68 West Van Buren street.
Da Tasiopoulos U South l4t Salle street e
k. Pandelis 155 North Clark street ^ Room 816 •
He Conglls 155 North Clark street, Room 513a
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Saloniklt Feb. 10, 1923*
D* lUtekell 29 South La Salle street , Room 356»
For the committee i Nickolaoe Conglis^
^f^- 0m PRO]. 3027^
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Chicago Greek Daily. Aug. 20, 1922.
GRESK
WPA (ILL.) PROi. 30275
DANCE FOR TiE BENEFIT OF TiiE GREEK rOLlT OF TiL /JaERIJ.-.;;
The Greek post of the American Legion will hold its annual dance in tne Hotel Sherman» next Sunday night. The purpose of this affair is i^ailanthropic; tne" proceeds will be disposed of for tne benefit of injured :ne::ibers of the Greek Post.
To this dance of the brave Greek Veterans of the .-mericrin Army, who were loyal to their Greek descent, and who elevated the Greek na 3 to hi[ h reputation, W3 have no doubt that every one will hasten to take part in "^.he benefit [^iven in honor of the injured veteran members of the organization.
■t^iV: •■■^WS • ■ '^ ■-* '- . ' iV -j-'-o- .' •- . .- :'. c^T -iji.^^-- r— -,^-^^..^. ,.*<"•
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iKLL::::;ic post Cj tii:] ali^.^c^^: legion
On January 19 the installment ol' the new council of the Hellenic Post of the American Legion took place in the Ilorrison Hotel. Various speeches were made by officers of the American Legion Post.
Mr. Ganan, retiring president, received a valuable gift from the Post in appreciation of his fine work. IJr. D. Nickolopoulos, ovmer of the Ritz Laundry, v;as elected president. A. Pantezis, or^^ani^^er of the Post, vms in charge of tixe installation ceremony.
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GBEEK
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Chicago Greek Dally. Sept. 23,1921.
/WSSS. WCMEN'S AUXILIARY TO M^
Next Monday, Oct. 26, the Greek Women's Atixiliaiy of the American Women's League, will hold a ceremony for the "benefit of Greek veterans of the American Army, \mder the presidency of the consvil of Greece, 109 N. Dearhom St., Headquarters of the American Women's League, 2 P.M. until 11 P."
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Saloniki , Iviar. 5, 1921.
ANIMAL HELLENIC POST DANCE
Last Sunday, in the beautiful hall of the lUasonic Temple, the annual dance of the patriotic iiellenic Post, Number 343 of the American Legion, was given. It was attended by the finest people of the community, and was well conducted. The members of the Post tried very hard to please their guests, and should be commended for this effort. The people who attended this dance should also be commended, because by doing so they aided these young men who fought so gallantly, and who always rush to attend and support affairs given by other organizations.
During the dance flowers were presented to the ladies, and various candies and calces were served, which had been donated to the Post by the confection- ery company of kelissinos and Sia. A great number of people participated in the Grand karch, creating an impressive scene. Lisxiy comments were heard about the remarkable success of the dance.
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Saloniki, Mar. 5, 1921.
The chairman of the dance was A.A. Pantelis; his assistants were.....
Saloniki wishes to congratulate the Post.
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I G Salonlki.Sept> 4, 1920.
IV
ANNOUNCEMENT BY GREEK LEGION POST
At the last meeting of the Greek Post of the American Legion, }JJt. Sallas, was elected to take the place of Mr. A. A. Pantelis, ^o had resigned.
Ur. Pantelis, nho se2r7ed as lieutenant during the World War, and who is one of the finest lawyers in the city, is now a candidate for judge on the Democratic ticket in the coming election of September 15^
The canons of the American Legion forbid any officers to hold office and serve a political party at the same time. The Greek Post extends its thanks to Mr. Pantelis for his fine service, and it takes this opportunity of wishing him every possible success.
At the same meeting, Ur. Sallas, A. Pantelis, D. Tassiopoulos, D. Alex, A* Gollias and Ur. Sanders, were chosen to represent the Greek Post at
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I G SalonikijSept. 4, 1920, .<^ ~"\.
IV
the Illinois Convention of the American Legion, which takes place September 2 and 3 at the Medinah Temple of Chicago • \^ V
G. Kolettis, Publicity Chairman.
-r-f Jims' 1 !• t-iBantwiiitJijjto^i fci tmtvumrfi .-igJ^iwg fi^ '»r?r .y o-^.^^ i^ - ^-^ -t -
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*
Al:;'ou:t(U]::]i:t by iij^'iicit
The Greek PoGt of the /jnerican Lef^ion is workinf: in cooperation v/ith the United States Govern^iient. T'ae Ooverniiient is goinr to give ever^r ex-soldier a medallion as a remenbrance of the Great '.Jar, The Greek Post has or- ganized a committee for the purpose of aiding the Greek soldiers to receive their medallion.
All the Greek ex-soldiers are reouested to bring their discharge papers to the president of the comr.iittee, L'r. N, Peppan, at 174 VJest Randolph' Street.
It is not necessary that you be members of the Arn.erican Legion.
This is an opportunity to get your medallions without delay.
(From office of Greek -Post of Legion)
George Koletis
Publicity Chainnan
.iv-.arassri-.
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a-R3IK
Saloniki, Feb. 14, 1920.
PRSSSrJTATION OF FLAG TC GR33K POST
The nen of Chicago who had taken part in the last T.'ar organised the Greek- American Post of the Aiaerican Legion.
•
The ACiiean Society of Oliicago, as evidence of its appreciation and respect for these brave laen, presented an iinerican flag to the Post« It was given not only by tlie Societ^^ but also by the entire Greek Conriunity, which had contributed to the fund. The ncheans should be concratulated for their appropriate selection.
Ill D GREEK
II A 1
I G Salonlkl > Jan* 31, 1920#
IV
HELLENIC POST OF THE AlvERICAN LEGION
Hellenic Post, Number 343, of the American Legion held a meeting on January 21, 1920, at 120 V/est Adams Street and elected permanent officers. The following, who were in charge of the campaign for new members, were elected*
A* A. Pantelis, a lawyer, with offices at 816 Ashland Block, formerly a Lieutenant of Infantry, for months stationed at Camp Grant, and who was chairman of the membership committee, was elected permanent commander* Thomas Papadopoulos , a real-estate salesman, was elected vice-commander* Nicholas C* Ganas, the temporary adjutant of the Post, was unanimously elected permanent adjutant in appreciation of the splendid work he had done as temporary adjutant and in assisting the membership committee* Mr* Ganas was chief censor of Greek literature in Paris during the war, and afterward assisted in Greek translations at the Peace Conference at Versailles* Nicholas Conglis, a young lawyer, was elected vice-adjutant*
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GREEK
Saloniki, Jan. 31, 1920.
II A 1 I G IV
D» A. Alex, a member of the firm of Peppas and Alex, store fixture manufacturers, of Cleveland and Chicago, was elected finance officer.
Christ Chiapianitis, 2849 Armitage Avenue, one of the most active members of the Post, was elected marshall. Aristotle Collias, an athlete of note, was selected as deputy marshal. John Psipastavrou, a member of the membership committee, who secured the second largest number of paid-up applications during the four weeks* drive of the Post, was made chairman of the membership committee, and will have complete charge of the enroll- ment of new members* George Koletis, a former newspaper man, who was con- nected with the Intelligence Service in France, was elected chairman of the publicity committee.
The Post has a membership of nearly one thousand discharged soldiers of Hellenic descent, and the officers hope to have a membership of at least three thousand in a very short time. The Post has outlined a program of athletics and socials to keep the members busy.
n.
Ill D GrKEiilK
IV
Saloniki, Dec. 27, 1919.
HELLENIC POST OF IKE i^IERlCAl^ LEGION
Durine the meeting which took place on Wednesday, December 17, it was decided to appoint a committee of ten whose duty wo\ild be to enroll new members. To be eligible a man must have served in either the American Army or Navy during the last war.
The dues were fixed at three dollars, with a small charge of twenty-five cents for enrollment. The members of the committee are A. A. Pantelis, president; D. A» Tasiopoulos, secretary,
...»
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G5EEK
SaJLoniki, Dec* 20, 1919.
GREEK POST OF TIE AI.ERICAII lEGION
The American Legion, a political, and no longer a military organization, is composed of men who enlisted in the V/orld -Var, and has a patriotic program. The Legion invites the Greek ex-soldiers to join the Greek Post. It is an honor to belong to this organization whose members have all served their country.
•
Fill out the following form, and send two dollars along v/ith it, to
N, C. Ganas, adjutant, Hellenic Post, American Legion, 68 West Van Buren
Street, Chicago, Illinois •
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IV
GRSEl
rr
Correspondence of V.r. G. Uaimion, 206 S. La Salle St. Chicago, Illinois, August 29, 1919»
(Letter sent by Mr. Lee E. Ranck, Director of S-oeaker»s Eureau of the All-AmeriCcxn Exposition Committee, to Mr. C. Maminon)
Dear Sir:
You have been appointed as a meT.ber of the 5;oea:<:er*3 CoiTjaittee, so I am informed oy the Committee on Co-ordination of nationalities of the All- Americon Ixnosition, and I have been requested to p^.-vise you as to what your duties will oe«
The enclosed para-ohlets will prive some outline u'con v/hich to base a s'oeech, and I take it for granted that you will be a/ailable as a speaker in your section of the city. I will be irlad to recr:ive p letter from you inform- ing me just hoY/ much time you can ^uve.
1
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IV Aug, 29, 1919.
Correspondence of I.lr. C, Marnmon
I do not knoT/ at this ti ze wh^.t the call for sne^l^ers v/ill be# •
It may be heavy and it may be snail; if heavy, of course, I v/ili want as much time as you cm possibly give.
Please, let Me hear from you. Kindly give telephone number of olace where you can be reached.
Very truly yours,
Lee ~. Ranck, Director of Soe'-ucer's Bureau, Room 805 - 105 "/• Monroe Street.
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GREEK
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IV Correspondence of !.:r. C. Llaroncn
205 s/Ln. Salle St., Chicago, 111. June :50, 19 20*
(Letter sent by "United Ainericans" to Mr. C. I.femmon)
Dear Sir:
Ap-^oreciating the good v/ork done by you for this country, as a sr^ea'rer, during the late v;ar, and kncwinr^ of your interest in ,jocd G-overnnent, I take the liberty of asking- you to become a me:nber of the Foreip-n Lan^^ua£:e S-oeaker's Bureau of the United America^as, State of Illinois.
A Racial Bureau has been organized in accordance v;ith the circular en- closed herein. V/ould be pleased to have you fill out and return the en- closed card so that your name can be placed on file.
l?/ill call unon the S'oeaKers in accordance with the amoimt of time that they can devote to the cause a,s indicated by tbem, and trust that you
J Q J\me 30, 1920.
IV Correspondence of i'r. C. Mammon
will be willing to devote some ti-e to the interests of our community as a whole, and your racial group in particular.
V/ill be pleased to have you call in at our headquarters and tal': things over.
Sincerely yours,
Felix J. Streyclcnans.
Ill D
G-RSEiv
III B 2
I C Saloniki , June 14, 1919 •
I a
IV GRETAl^S GIV:^; ViKLGOIS DIi^^iiiR lil HjhOH
OF CRETATJ VETIiKAITS
A sumptuous dinner was {Siven last Sunday in the Pantheon Restaurant by the Cretan Society. It was held in hoi.or of the Cretans who fought in the World VJar.
.....the president of the Society, Dr. John Volikos, thanked the assembled guests with te^.rs of emotion in his eyes, and congratulated the heroic men who had fought for freedom. He then introduced Llr. G. Palaeclo^^os who said, "J^-y joy is great for three reasons. First, because I consider all of you as my brothers since we all have the same mother — Crreece. ....Secondly, because as a member of this Society, I have the privilege of being the friend of these brave men who carry on trie traditions of their gloriously breive ances- tors. . . .Thirdly, because I was born on a sister-island of Crete, and have the same background as all of you assembled here
Ill D - 2 - GRSSK
III B 2 I C Saloniki , Jxine 14, 1919.
I a
IV Mr. IT. Sotirianakis, a soldier who had fought in the Canadian aimy, arose and thanked the guests in behalf of the other s Idiers for the honor done
them« He said that he and his coinrades v;ere ready to go to the defense of America and liberty whenever a need for their services arose.
Pictures were taken, and when the dinner was over both the honored guests and the honoring guests were vjell pleased.
Ill D GREKK
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Saloniki , Aug. 24, 1918.
OFFICIAL NOTICE TO THE GREEKS OF CHICAGO
Those Greek men in Chicago who became twenty-one years of age between Jiine 5, 1918 and August 24, 1918 must register today, Saturday, between the hours 7:00 A.M. and 9:00 P.M., at the local boards of their district. Anyone needing any guidance or information in regard to this matter may call at the nearest police station.
Disregard for this order is punishable by law. Any evaders are liable to immediate, compulsory conscription.
Ill D GREEK
III H
I 0 Saloniki , Aug. 10, 1918.
ALL GKEEE MEN IN AMERICA BETWEEN THE AGES OF 20 AND 40 WILL BE DRAFTED
•Hie Greek people of Chicago will be vitally interested to know that, accord- ing to information received from a distinguished friend in New York, whose name we cannot divulge as he is connected with the Greek Embassy in Washington, D. G.^ the Greek Government after an exchange of notes eind opinions with the American Government has consented to the drafting of all the eligible Greeks in America between the ages of twenty and forty.
The agreement between the two governments, which will be signed by the Greek Ambassador in Washington and the Secretary of State of the United States , contains the following provisions in outline:
1. Every Greek in America between twenty and forty years of age, regardless if he is a citizen of the United States or not (excepting Greek men between twenty-one and thirty years of age who have already been called) will be
■, li. .» V* »_*».
Ill D III H I G
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Salonlkl > Aug. 10, 1918.
GREEK
drafted for military service. Previous service in the Greek army will not exenrpt them. They may have had either the first or second papers issued to them.
2. The Greek men drafted in America will not be sent to Greece, but will be trained in the United States and France by American and French officers and will form separate Greek divisions.
3. It is believed that by such a call to arms a new Greek army will be formed in America numbering about 75,000 men, including those who will be exempted because of physical or other handicaps.
4. The American army that will be composed of Greeks in time probably will be sent to the Macedonian Front in Southeastern Europe, but this will be finally decided by Field Marshal Foch, who is Commander in Chief of all the Allied and American Armies in France and vdio determines the amoiint of rein- forcements that are to be sent to the various European fronts.
•—.■■tv . -,^ r.- _ . ' ■ •<
f
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gk££e;
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III C Loxias, Feb. 28, 1918. wpA 'I'J ^ ^^OJ 302^'^
I C
THE WHITE FLAG WITH RED STAHS
TO THE &REEX CHURCHES
p. 1- Our churches in Chicago are not following the example of other churches in displaying the white flag with red stars. This is perhaps attributable either to humility or to negligence. In either case the Greek churches are not to be excused.
Churches of all creeds in Chicago are displaying huge white flags with red stars denoting the number of their parishioners who have enlisted in the United States Army. These flags are flying high on the churches, and proclaim the glory and honor of those members of * the church who have responded to their country's call. And those churches which have the largest number of red stars on their white flags are most remarked and most esteemed by the masses.
It is an incontrovertible fact that the Greeks, in proportion to their total population, are far ahead of other nationalities in number of
Ill D - 2 - aBim
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III C Loxias, Feb. 23, 1918. ,,:r^^ -tn , P'-lOj
I c ^ ' •
enlistments in the United States Army and Navy» V/here are our churches' flags with red stars? Why not render to Caesar that which is Caesar^sY The country is at war; why this humility or negligence in displaying the red stars? All elements of the count ry. from devil to saint, must cooperate for its welfare ana its victory. When the country is at war, all its people must become one indivisible body to fi^t for it, and those who fail to cooperate, on one excuse or another, are enemies of the country. And he who is an enemy should be shot before sunrise*
To my own knowledge there are Greek churches here which have the right to display more than four hundred red stars, according to the statistics of the community's council. What glory for the church showing four hundred parishioners enlisted in the army of the co\mtryl
It is urgently recommended to the councils of the churches that steps be taken as quickly as possible to raise their red-starred banners.
'■>^:.
Ill D I G
GHEEK
Saloniki, Feb. 23, 1918.
niPORTAITr AiHIOUNCaidSTT TO THOSE ELIGIBLE FOR i^BlJII SERVICE
In order that injustice may not be done to anyone of those v/ho have enlisted for army service in regard to enlistments in different classes, or because of any complaint, the American Government has appointed an agent in each district. It is the agent's duty to receive complaints on the part of any- one who thinks that he has been treated unfairly, to determine whether they are justified, and to submit a report to a higher military council.
V/e are herevjith giving a list of the names and addresses of these agents. Any Greek having a complaint must appeal to his district agent, who is duly authorized, and submit any complaints.
*
Recommendations for government appeal agents are under the jurisdiction of District Board No. 1.
/Translator's note: There follows a lengthy list of names and addresses of government appeal agents^
f'-^ , %\
'.^- % -jr-'-'^'-,!-
Ill D GrBXEK
I C
I a Miscellanies of ?• S. Laml)ro8, 130 N. Wells St.,
I? Chicago t Illinois
(Program)
LOYALTY MEE!TIN& AND BANQffia?
in honor of
THE AMEEICAM TLAfi And All It Stands For
By
ALL NAIIONALITIIS AND PEOPLES OF lUE EARTH NOW CITIZENS OR BKIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
tinder the auspices of the
NATIONAL SXOnRITT LS&fiUE
Ill D - 2 - a^TM
I C
I Q Miscellanies of P. S. Lambros
IV
February the sixth» nineteen hundred and ei^teen
Hotel La Salle, Chicago
Covnittee on jkrrangements of Seventy-five Nationalities
John F* Smulski, Chairman P* S« Lambros, secretary
For the Greeks - Stamatis Pesas
Program
Invocation . . . .Monsignor lAward A. Kelley (fic-Chaplain Major, U. S. Army)
Introduction • . • H. H. Merrick.
John F. Sfflulskl, chairman.
Bohemian Song • Miss Jessie K« Zeman.
Address •• Chief Justice Harry Olson*
Address ••• Peter S. Lambros*
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Loxlas, Jan. 34t I9I89 p. 1
GREEK GOVERNMENT PROCLAMATION
TO THE GREEKS OF AMERICA.
GREE]
fo/>
The Greek government has issued a proclamation authorising Greek subjects residing in the United States to enlist at once in the American Amy.
What a paradoxt How anomalous it appears. A foreign government calling its subject to arms to serve under the flag of the United States. Is it a surrender of its sovereignty? No* It is an acknowledgment of greatness and glory of the United States, which entered the war not for its own gain or aggrandisement, but for the benefit of other nations. The American victory is a victory for all the civilised world, and those who fight under the Stars and Stripes are honored and esteemed above all the rest. They are fighting the battles of other peoples.
The Greek people and its government considered it an obligation and an honor to have the Greeks of America enlist in the United States Army,
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Loxias, Jan. 24, 1918
America is making unusual sacrifices in this war^ and nations the world oyer must acknowledge and appreciate this fact. Americans forefathers struggled for human liberty and for representative government which we of today enjoy* and America's present generation makes untold sacrifices that coming generations of the world may enjoy those things for which men have struggled and suffered and sacrificed throtighout civilization; and no people have appreciated them more than the people of Greece^ whose ideals and principles have gone beyond the narrow confines of their cotmtxy and have effected civilisation wherever men have loved liberty*
Oreecet above all other nationst never has forgotten and never will forget the unselfish and humaniteurian attitude of the United States towards the Qreek people when they struggled for liberty^ and it is now an obligation of the Oreeks of America to enlist in the United States
Army which is going beyond the domain of the country to make the world safe.
That is the reason for the Greek government's proclamation.
III D G-REEK
I G
IV Correspondence of Mr. C. Mammon,
203 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111.
May 18, 1918.
(Typewritten Letter sent by "f^m. K. Pfla\im, Vice-Director Speaker •s Bureau, Foreign Language Department, to Mr. Constantine Mammon)
Dear Mr. Mammon:
On behalf ot the Speaker's Jiureau in the Seventh Federal Reserve District, I wish to express my sincere appreciation for your unselfisii assistance and cooperation during the Third Liberty Loan Drive.
The part played by speakers in carrying the message of patriotism was of such value, in tne distribution of bonds among the people of foreign de- scent, that no doubt your personal satisfaction should be great in knowing that you have rendered a real service to your country at this time.
Yours very truly,
Wm. K. Pflaura.
mJS. loxia8,DBC. 19, 1917, p. 1 SBESK
X a
I C WAR SA7IHGS CERTIFICATES AND THRIFT STAUPS.
TO THS GREEKS OF CHICAGO!
THE BEST SECURITY FORTODRCHILEEEN.
The United States summons its people on another expedition to hasten the termination of the war and secure victory*
The expedition is to collect $16*40 from every man^ woman, and child in the city of Chicago through War Savinf;s certificates and Thrift stamps.
«
In other words^ the Gk>vernment for the months of December and January will borrow $4«13 and after five years will pay five dollars* 7or borrowing . $82.40 it will pay $100.
Begin with a Thrift stamp of twenty five cents » and when you have sixteen of them, the Post Office will give you in exchange one certificate* This certificate will bear your name and address^ and in case of loss a duplicate will be issued*
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III D Lo»ias . Dec. 19, 1917. ' ;i .'M ^ SBEBK
I G I C
It is t.he best wa^ of saving and especially for children it is the beginning of practical wisdom so far as saving is concerned* It is the best Christmas present a thousand times better than the useless Christmas present that we are accustomed to give*
Every Greek individuGtl in Chicago should buy War Savings certificates it is not only profitable but also patriotic* The voice of our country is calling us, and we who feel faith, love, and loyalty to her must not remain deaf nor Justify our deafness with the excuse that we have already bought Liberty bonds* Our country is calling us, and we must respond not once, twice* or thricot but everytime and at all times when she calls us* If our country is defeated there will be no security for anybody* Tour family, your property, and your life will become the property of the oppressor*
Let us Greeks in Chicago become the example for others to follow as we did with the two Liberty Loans* Buy War Savings certificates! America is calling us*
Ill D GtRBBK
I G
Salonlkl , Dec. 1, 1917»
GREEK SOLDIERS IN ARMS' TRAINING OAISB
The stereotyped question I have been answering upon ray return to Chicago ^ was, "What is Chillicothe and what is it like?** I have asked Saloniki to print this article concerning the Oafflp at Chillicothe, and the Greek soldiers in it.
Chillicothe is just a little town with a population of fifteen thousand inhabitants. Three months ago, its existence was practically unknown, since it had no distinctive characteristic. Today, it has become one of the best-known towns in America. It is small in size, but has assumed great inqportance because of the United States Army Camp located on the outskirts of the town. This camp has been named after General Shermail. In Camp Sherman, the men are taught the use of arms and trained in maneu- vers and drills, in order that they may defend their country efficiently, against those forces seeking to destroy the democracies of the world and
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III D - 2 - GfiEEK
I G
Salonlki > Dec* 1, 1917*
the rights of a people to rule themselTes.
Chllllcothe, with its thousands of defenders of freedom, holds a high place among the sixteen Army training camps in this country* There are many men of Greek descent in this camp vriio rushed to the aid of their adopted land at ^ the first sign of danger* They are easily recognized, wearing the eternal khaki, and drilling on the field; they seem to walk a little more gracefully than the others, and their heads are held a little higher* The American soldiers stand and secretly admire them as they pass* In a speech, before ^ the 33End Infantry, a sergeant said, ^There's the Greeks for example**; he "^ was trying to imbue his men with a sense of loyalty and patriotism and used j^ the Greek for an example, of what he wanted them to imitate* ^
Can we suppress the glow of heartfelt joy at this honor paid our people? Can we be blamed for feeling a thrill upon hearing an American officer praising the Greek race? Of course not! And the Greek soldiers in the various divi- sions of the Amy are striving to live up to the earpectations of their
X)
Ill D - 3 - GHSiJC
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Saloniki, Dec. 1, 1917 •
superior officers. They are particularly enjoy inc the nevi types of exer- cises adopted by the Amy. The Greek soldier not only uses the training he receives in the -\nerican ariiiy, but he also practices the training he ^ received under the blue sky of Greece. As I passed among these Greek F- soldiers I heard snatches of democratic Army soncs, sunc by homesick men. ^ i\nd so, singinc and training, the Greek soldier, at Chillicothe, prepares 3 to defend the honor of his beloved .jnerica.
"TO
C5
CO
A. Alexopoulos ^
GREEK
HI D
I G I J 17
Loxias, OctolJer 31, 1917
THE GREEK MASS-MEETING AT COLISEUM ANNEX FOR THE 2ND LIBERTY iQANi. PATRIOTIC SPEECHES.
P» 1 - Enthusiasm and patriotism were present and manifested among the 7,000
Greek Liberals, who congregated, last week, at the Coliseum Annex for the 3nd Liberty
Loan* Greek and American orators explained to the masses the importance of
subscribing to the 2nd Liberty Loan* The Navy band, composed of 200 pieces
and 1,000 soldiers, took part in the mass-meeting*
Among the first political organizations whose cooperation for the Liberty Loan was requested by the Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. McAdoo, was the Chicago Greek Liberal League. The response and action of the Greek Liberals you will find in the second page, lAiich emphasizes the patriotism of the Greeks, and the admiration of the Secretary of the Treasury.
Among the Greek orators, who are distinguished for their love and patriotism for this country was Mr* D. S. Eutaxias, publisher of the Chicago Loxias, who
^3- afiZEE
Loxlas, October 31 > 1917 urged the crowd to subscribe to the Liberty Loan# Due to the importance of his speech we print it here as follows:
In this great ebullition of the nations, in which for four years democratic liberty has been fighting against militaristic tyranny, the duty devolTes upon every intelligent citizen to be under the most honest flag of the two political sides of this world-wide war* Also, especially an inviolable duty is imposed on the Greek citizen, irtio has the inheritance of such a great and glorious past; on the Greek, who was father of the liberty of the peoples from remote times, to give at once his help to the cause of America and the Allies in order that victory may come to that party, which is providing and making sacrifices for the vital principle of the world, called the Democratic Liberty of Nations* (applause)*
Every one of you surely has in mind the great Greek citizen of antiquity, the renowned tragedian, Aeschylus, who in the gravest times of his country, addressing the Athenian youths of his age, said these immortal words coneeming the safety of the country* ''Hasten, hasten, sons of Hellenes, free your country, your homes your
-.3. afiEEK
Loxiast October 31, 1917
altars and statues of your Gods"# (applause)
Is it permissible for the whole Oreek race, especially the Greeks of America, in these gra^'^st moments of humanity, to renounce the sublime principles of their race, to renounce their history, their fathers and forefathers, and place themselves xmder the standard of barbairism? (German, Bulgarian and Turk, as some of the Chicago Greek loyalists would do)« No a thousand times, no* The struggle of the Allies and America, now going on, is for their salvation and for the salvation of Greece also* It is the struggle of democracy against the Huns whd intend to rob and enslave their neighbor nations* (applause) •
The question is triiether, being Greeks, you will allow yourselves to serve the barbarian^? Is it permissible for Greeks to become instruments of the Satanic purposes of the Turks and Bulgarians? Was it permissible for the Aeschineses of Modem Greece (of whom some are now exiles in Switzerland, others court* martlaled in Athens, and still others here in Chicago disgracing the Greek name under the Germanic and Constantine propaganda) to betray the honor of the race; to kill more than 950,000 Greeks in Asia Minor, Thrace and Macedonia, to surrender to Bulgarian* a whole army corps with its guns, ammunitions and provisions, to
finally sell to the Turks of Iconixna thousands and thousands of Greek virgins at the price of $8 each?
Loxlas, October 31, 1917
What was this done for? For the pui^pose of augmenting the •barbarism of the Central Powers and their allies* Greeks, look out, proceed with firmness, listen, think, decide and then act* DonH he deceived by a small part of the Greek press in America, which like Solon Vlastos, of New York, sold to the enemies, not only the body of Greece but her soul as well.
Hellenism, from the very beginning of its existence up to the Balkan Wars of 1912 - 1913, has lived under one God, Liberty - for which it will again fi^t \inder the Allies* And it must sacrifice for Liberty, and it will, and because Hellenism remembers the words of our national poet of 1821, Regas Fheraetis,who said, "It ie better to live one hour of free life, than forty years in slavery and prison*" (applause).
Everybody must bear in mind that for the existence of nations, sacrifice is necessary* If the citizens of today do not sacrifice themmelves for the citizens of tomorrow, nations will not eodst* Life was a sweet one to our heroes of 1821* But if Diacus, Lord Byron, Botsaris, the heroines of the Zalongian dance, and many others of our heroes, had not died, we, today, could have neither liberty
Loxlas, October 31, 1917
nor nation* Those who fall in battle and sacrifice themselves^ like their forefathers, give birth and life to a new national spirit and liberty to their country*
In order to secure that liberty in this great war of the nations, the material and moral sacrifice of the citizens is necessary*
All of you know that America is our beloved mother, and that the Greeks of America, numbering 300,000, have won a place of honor among the foreign drafted men* More than 25,000 Greeks have voluntarily enlisted in the American army and navy since the United States began to mobilize* This is a much larger percentage than that of any other immigrant race in this country* It is an honor to the Greek immigrant, and shall be followed by material support of our adopted coxmtry, as ancient Demosthenes said, ''There is need of money, without it nothing can be done*"
The late Admiral Dewey said that every Greek ought to be proud of the heroism shown by the Greek-American sailors in the naval battle of Manila and Santiago*
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Loxias, October 31, 1917
Now comes the time for us to prove our patriotism^by buying Liberty Bonds^ Rich and poor are entitled to the same honor in this great duty« I cannot think that any Greek in this assembly will refuse such a subscription* To emphasize our willingness to subscribe, I request you to stand up and take our national oath. "I swecur on the testament of our national faith that I, a Greek, inside of forty- eight hours, will procure one of the Liberty Bond buttons."
Let us hope, all of us, that our Honorable President Wilson will protect the national rightsbf Greece, not only in Asia Minor, Thrace and Macedonia, but in Constantinople too. (applause).
Our President and the American Republic are attached to the principle of the freedom of nationalities* Let us see that the part played by ancient Greece^ the mother of civilization, will be played by her daughter, the United States of America, and thus the other worlds of our planetary system, sooner or later, will learn that th e best workers on earth, who labored for the benefit of human liberty, were Greeks and Americans, (applause)*
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Loxias. October 31, 1917
The Greek nation must "be - and it is - gratefiil to the United States. Leaving aside the super-human support, offered by the memorable Dr» Howe and other Americans in our revolution of 1821 am in the Cretan insurrection of 1866, I take pleasure in reding from the War Information Series of the esteemed E. B. Greene, professor of history. University of Illinois, the following items*
"Monroe' s annual message to Congress contained a strong expression of sympathy with the aspirations of Greeks for independence. •There was,' he said, 'good reason to suppose that Greece will become again an independent nation. That she may obtain that rank is the object of our most ardent wishes.'
"Monroe' s sympathy for Greece as a small people trying to gain liberty and self- government was shared by many prominent public men« Even Adams himself, in a note sent to the Greek agent Luriottis, in 1823 spoke of the sincere and best wishes of this country for the cause of the Greeks."
Oh, mountains, hills, forests and seas of Greece (where the S\in of Liberty has not yet set), you who have witnessed the magnificent spectacle of the glorious, heroic am exemplary revolution of 1821, you who ha^e beheld the brilliant
A ^ -^\
Loxlas, October 31, 1917 \ ^^'r^J^
victories of 1912 - 1913; Ohl Virtue, Wisdom and Highteousness, through triiom all that is fair and good, is manifested; Ohl Greek Positivism which throughout the centuries has tau^t us to believe in one God, Liberty, illumine and guide this assembly cmd the minds of all the Greeks in America to stand like a solid rock behind the American flag, that no mortal hand will hinder its march to liberate the peoples of the world who are fighting for Liberty and Democracy (applause)*
Let us all stand up in reverence and devotion to the flag (at this point in his speech Mr« Eut€txias pointed to the Stars and Stripes) and say '^
Long live Greece, long live the Allies and down with their enemies*
Long live the grand and righteous and glorious country of the world, the United States of America, (Deafening cheers and applause reverl^erated for many minutes throughout the Coliseum Annex)*
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Loxiast October 31, 1917
GRESK
It is estimated from the offices of the various organizations and societies that the Greeks of Chicago until now have bought over one million dollars of Liberty Bonds*
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I <* Loxias. August 8, 1917. Ill H
GSEESS FOR M2RIGA (Sdltorlal)
History tells us^ and every child knows, that the United States, many times has been the benefactor of Greece. To us Greeks, America, is so dear and beloved that Greece and America are inseparable coTintries* A Greek ufao does not love America does not lore Greece* And he who does not love his benefactor is an tuigrateful beings
The Greeks are not ungrateful beings, because they love America* Bight now, according to statistics there are 10,000 Greek volunteers in the anqy, and 5,000 in the navy* The volunteer service of the Greek in the United States navy in big numbers is not a new thing* When lIiaDulis» a Greek Han-of«War, arrived in New York, two of the biggest cruisers of the United States, New York and Kentucky, came the next day for salutation^ 9a these two boats alone there were 500 Greek sailors in the service of the United States navy*
At the naval battle of Manila, Greeks played a brilliant role as gunners* Greeks were the first to die for their country, and the first to storm the forts*
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III H Loxias . Aug. 8, 1917.
The Greeks all over the country head the volunteers' list* They excel any other nationality per capita* That Is a record, and an honor for the Greek name* But we could never do too much for America* The American Arioy Is composed of many nationalities* Let us play our role In this composite army, that the Greek race will be distinguished* Let us play our part with such enthusiasm and self- denial that the rest of our brother-soldiers will take notice*
Whatever part we play now, America, likewise will play In the Interest of mother Greece when hostilities are terminated* When the congress of peace takes place, the American Greeks must have valid ground to request America to speak in behalf of Greece* And that valid ground will be our response to the needs of America* Therefore, every Greek community in the United States must do more than its share in order to maintadn our past distinction* Respond to the call of our country and respond first* America is at war* Clothe yourself with the grandest emblem in the world, the United States flag* Pi^t under it and you will be honored*
Loxtae , A^g. 8, 1917, p« 1
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I ^ RESOLUTION OF THE CHICAGO &REEK COIMUHITT.
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Because of the inherent Impiilse of areeks to serve their country that is the United States, in which they live, breathe, and function, the Greek communis of CShicago held a nase meeting last week at ftill House and after listening to the oratory of its leaders adopted the following resolution:
1, The Gre*k community of Chicago exhorts all its members (and requests other Greek communities all over the country to do likewise) solemnly to declare their faithfvuL allegiance to the United States of America.
2. It exhorts all its members, whether or not they have naturalization papers, proudly to appear (without advancing any valid or invalid excuse for exemption) before the constituted authorities and place themselves at the disposal of the United States flag, thus following the example of thousands of other Greeks who have volunteered their services to the army and navy of our adopted coimtry.
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Loxias, Aag. 8, 1917
mm^
Z. It further exhorts its memhers to huy more and more Liberty Bonds and also to contribute to the American Red Cross to their utmost ability*
4« The areek community of Chicago expresses its gratitude to the American nation for what America has done since 1821 for the nation of ttreece.
The above resolution shall be published in the Greek and American press in the United States.
Chicago, August 7, 1917.
The committee: Andrew J* Flachos P. Bougas A. Deligiannis
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Loxlast Aug. 8t 1917
&HEEE
D. Kontoyannis
E. Petropoulos D. Paptotone K* Johnson*
T« Cot80velo8 D« Mai liar as J« Agrl08tathl8 ?• Jav€ura8 L. Kalacates
H. Kyriakopoulos K. Jo vane 8 K. Tambaris J. Alexopoulos
S« Rekas
&• Chlagourle
J* Cocalis
N. Demoi>oulo8
H* Zoee
A. Chikouris
U. Petropoulos
&• Tangalakis
D. Eu taxi as. Secretary
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I G Loxias, April 4, 1917,
ENLIST IN THE U. S. AR:/Y
p. 1- In TDrevious -oublications Loxias has urged the G-reeks of Chicago and elsewhere to form their volunteer regiments and enlir^t in the army of our new mother, the United States of America.
We now repeat our request because of an ' rticle of Hon. Joseohus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy, published in the Greek dailies of Hew York, invit- ing Greeks to join the U« S. Navy. The honor is great. There is no time to lose. Greeks all over the land must accept the honorable invitation. And those who prefer the army must not wait to be the last to join it; they must be first.
By fighting under the American flag, which is the greatest of honors, you Automatically fight for ana protect our Mother Greece. Greece is about ready now to join the Allies. Your enlistment in the U. S. Army is more strength and power to poor Greece. Do not wait to fall in line; be at the head of it. Join first and honor the name of your new country and your native land.
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I\r Saloniki, Mar, 31, 1917 •
gRREK
/m APPEAL BY CONSTANTINE PALEOLOCMS/^
To Ify Beloved Fellow-Patriots: It is our sacred duty towards this, our adopted country — ^which welcomed us with open anns, and allows us to enjoy all the pleasures of life, and cG^so gives us the opportunity to progress and be- come successful—that we show some appreciation in return. We must show our willingness to proffer all of our services at this critical time# V/e must heed the voice of our adopted country in her hour of need*
Inspired by this feeling and certain that it is acutely felt by all of you, also, I decided to organize a battalion composed of Greek men which would offer its services to the American government. Many such battalions have already been organized by various clubs and some of the other language groups of Chicago* Therefore it is fitting that the Greeks of Chicago should organize such a battalion immediately****
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17 Salonlkl> liar. 31, 1917.
Axiyone who desires more information, or wishes to enroll, should come to room 505, Lumber Sxchange Bldg«, U South La Salle Street. Address letters to the Hellenic Legion in care of the above address.
The names of those enrolled will be published in the Saloniki ; and when a sufficient niimber has enrolled, a meeting will be called.
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Loxias, Feb. 7, 1917*
CHICAGO GREEK FRATERNITY WIRES PRESIDENT WILSON;
READY TO SERVE IN CASE OF WAR
p^ 4 ~ The United States "s break with Germany is a matter of time. It will undoubtedly come very, very soon* It is the duty of all the Greeks of America to respond immediately to the call of our adopted country* Especial attention is called to those who participated in the Balkan wars* Let them take the lead and form crack regiments with trained veterans and glorify the Greek name under the Stars and Stripes.
Of all the Greek societies in Chicago the Cretan Fraternity was the first one to wire our President their willingness and readiness to serve the United States when need be.
Congratulations to our brave fellow-Greeks. We are, as a race, Greeks, and will remain so, but America is our country, America is our home, our estate, our family, our church, our education, and everything we possess. Therefore, it is our holy duty to fight and protect our country,which is
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Loxias, Feb. 7, 1917
GREEK
our life.
Undoubtedly the rest of the societies will fall in line when the time comes, but the Cretans proved once more that they do not wait to follow; they lead. Bravo, Cretans I
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GREEK
Loxlas , May 9, 1914 •
COLt HUTCHISON AND THE CHICAGO GREEK REGIMENT
p* 3. — For the last ten days Col» Hutchison of Tennessee has been here in Chicago in response to a call sent by Chicago Greeks who have just re- turned from the Balkan Wars to oirganiae a Greek regiment of Evzones and lead them to Mexico in case of hostilities*
According to reports Greeks all over the United States are organizing and preparing to march under the Stars and Stripes into the Mexican trouble- zone •
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I G Loxias, Apr. 25, 1914.
CHICAGO GREEKS EAGER FOR SERVICE
GREEK
WPMILUPRW- 30275
American newspapers every day print news of the eagerness of Greeks for military service in the United States 's expedition into Mexico*
Yesterday's American printed the following:
**Greeks residing in this city, mai^r of whom have recently returned from the fighting in the Balkans, have held a meeting, made their resolution, and offered their services to the President for military duty in Mexico-"
Bravol The Greek is always ready and willing to fight for his country*
He has just got back from the Balkan wars, where Mother Greece called him
to arms, and here he is again ready and willing, asking his adopted oaountry
to let him fight for her. That is the Greek spirit which has made Greek history*
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ASSIMILATION S. Youth
Organizations
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The &reek Star. Jan. 1, 1937
ORDER OF SOUS OF PERICLES
Pursuant to the mandate of the 13th National Convention of the Order of Ahepa, and to the mandates of the 7th National Convention of the Sons of Peric''es, held stimultaneously at St. Paul, Hinnesota, the followinri; members of the Order of the Sons of Pericles throu^i^iout District IIo. I3 were appointed as District Lodge Officers for District No. 13.
District Governor: J. Kot?.elas, SIR 3. 39th, Chicago, Illinois. Lieutenant G-overnor : J. Seocus, 17^ ^^ . Follett St. Fond Du Lac, Wis. District Secretary: Peter Vaichis, 3SII Wilton Ave. Chicago, IlUnois. District Treasurer: S. Samaras, 3^59 Lexington Ave., Chicago, Illinois. District IvlaxshaJ: Ch. Corelis, 201 Third Ave., Moline, Illinois.
T'he ahove mentioned officers shall hold office until their successors have heen elected* hy the District Convention of the Sons of Pericles, which will he held at the same time and place as that of the Ahepa. This year's Con- vention v/ill be held at Peoria, Illinois, sometime during the month of July.
GEEEE
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Chicago Breek Daily, Dee. 9, 1934« /raESPINITtJES WTEBTAJS/'
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The progressive Association of Misses (Thespinithes) of the North Side is axranging* an entertainment and dance to he held Dec. 27, at the Colonial Room of the Steuben Club, 1S8 W, Randolph St.
It will start at S P.M. with a card party to he followed hy a dance with a selected orchestra.
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CHICAGO gREEK DAILY, Oct. 17. 193^
Entertainment.
The ^Regeneration, the new "brotherhood of Yo"ang men and women is holding an entertainment with a splendid program toni^t, S P.M., at the West em Women's Club, 37 S. Ashland Ave.
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St, Constant ine Parish i^ews, Lay 20, 1934.
GREEK
WPA(ia.)PROJ.3Q2/D NEA GEI\EA GIVES MO'THER^S DAY DANCE
In the beautiful dining room of Hotel Sherry, the young ladies society, Nea Genea, gave its Annual Mother •s Day Tea Dance on May 13.
The president, Miss Pauline Mazarakos, gave a short speech in which she presented i^iss Aiglie -«-rgeris, who danced the ''Dance of the Roses/' and young Ernest Carras, who sang various sonc-s.
Following the entertainment. Dr. Constant ine Theodore, South bide Physician, spoke •
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"Daxaghters of Penelope Organize Athena Chapter,"Ahepa Herald» (Official Organ of District No* 21, 77 W. Washington Street),
Chicago, Illinois, May 1, 1934*
For a ntunber of years the members of the Order of Ahepa have been asking the question, "Why isn't there a Women's Atixiliary organized?" Other cities have had Women's Auxiliaries for a number of years and have testified eloquently to the contributions of the fair sex lo our social being within the last six months, a number of chapters nave authorized representatives to undertaice the organization of Women's Auxiliary in Chicago.
Brother Mark Mamalakis, past President of Chapter 46, one of the first that became a member of the Order of Ahepa, an all around Ahepa enthusiast, took the initiative and accomplished something that everybody talked about. On Tuesday, April 17, 1934 at the North Club of the La Salle Hotel, twenty- two women, relatives of Ahepans, gathered to organize the first Women's Auxiliary of the Order of Ahepa. Mr. Mamalakis was the chairman of the meeting. Brother D. Michaelopoulos, Brother George K. Spannon and Brother D. Parry, the district Governor, spoke.
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Ahepa Herald, May 1, 1934.
Without much adOt they begun to organize tnemselves into a Chapter of the Daughters of Penelope. "Athena" was the name selected for the local chapter and the oflicers thaxi were elected to serve for the ensuing year are the following: Mrs. Maria PofanLi, President; Miss BarDara Petrakis, Vice-President; Mrs. Athena Pittas, Treasurer and Mrs. Msiry Spannon, Secretary. The i5oard of Governors comprises the following: Mrs. Fotine Varounis, Miss Bessie Stamos, Mrs. Kaliroe Andrews, Mrs* Rose Maniates and Miss Mary Karambis.
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II B 3 St. Constantine Parish News, Dec. 10, 1933. uuda /JLL.) PRO-'-^'^'^^'"
The Ypsilanti Chapter is now earnestly endeavoring to establish a Drama Club, Glee Club, and many other activities in order to interest boys that are not active in athletics. Like Williams heads the Drama Club.
A wrestling team is being organized and the teiuporary captain is George Anast, and with good material available the outlook looks very promising.
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3t, Constantine Parish Nev/s, Dec, 10, 1933.
WPA (ILL) PROJ- 302/5
The Greek Women^s University Club v/ill give their annual kusicale Sunday, December 10th, 1953, 3:15 P. !•.:. at the Tower Tov/n Club, 111 East Pearson St. Admission 50 cents. The purpose is to raise funds for scholarships for Greek girls. They certainly deserve all the support and encourage- ment of all of us.
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GREEK
St» Constantine^s Parish News, Nov, 19, 1933,
THE SONS OF PERICLES
Another member of the advisory board of Ypsilanti chapter who deserves commen- dation is %• Tames Sotos* He has given his co-operation to the Sons in every way that he possibly could, and is responsible for the success of the various athletic teams* The Sons of Pericles feel very grateful to Mr. Sotos and take this medi\im of thanking him*
Do You Know That-
The Ypsilanti chapter of the Sons of Pericles is the most athletically inclined chapter in the entire country-
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GREEK
St, Constsntine Parish Ilev/s, Dec^ 10, 1933» WPA-HLir-^':
}^Jl^ '-ti i >, O::./.
/greek VJ011E1V3 UinVERSITY CLUB GIVES I.IU: ICAli7
The Greek '.Tomen's University Club will give their annual Musicale Sunday, De- cember 10th, 1933, 3:15 P.M. at the Tower Tovm Club, 111 East Pearson St. Admission 50 cents. The purpose is to raise funds for scholarships for Greek girls. They certainly deserve all the support and encouragement of all of us.
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II B 3 St. Consta^tine Parish News, Dec, 10, 1933. WPA f;Lij!^''^n; ^f|97t
/"pROlvIOTES DRAJvIA CLUB/
The Ypsilanti Chapter is now earnestly endeavoring to establish a Drana Club, Glee Club, and many other activities in order to interest boys that are not active in athletics, Mike V/illiains heads the Drama Club.
A wrestling team is being organized and the temporary captain is George Aaast, and 7/ith good material available the outlook looks very promising.
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GREEK
St> Constantine^s Parish News, Nov. 12, 1933. '/VPA ^'LL.; PRu-JU^^^
THE SONS OF PERICLES
The following Sons of Pericles were recently initiated into the Ahepa: John Nicholas, Dan Manos, Peter Williams, Tom and James Psirris, Ted Varveras, F. Sarantopoupos , Christ Cristos and Gus Copoulos* Congratulations tit
The Sons of Pericles, Ypsilanti Chapter No. 22, greatly appreciate the chaijv man of the advisory board, Mr. Van Nomikos. In addition to co-K)perating with them in their various functions and meetings, he has (Heytl Skin-neyJJ) given free passes to his theatres to all the members of the chapter. The younger generation need more men like Nomikos.
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"First Annual Conclave of District No. 6 of The Order of the Sons ol Pericles/' Ahepa Herald, (Official Organ of District No* 21, lt>21 N. Clark Street, Chicago, 111*), September, 1933.
September 2nd, 3rd and 4th. Headquarters at St. Demetrius Church.
Boys with their parents trom six surrounding states will be here on September second to fourth inclusive to attend the District Convention of our junior Order. The program printed below, althotigh it is tentative still, it will give you an idea that the Sons of this city are not asleep. Brother Peter J. Matsoukas, the Supreme Advisor of the Sons of this District, together with Charles G. Geanopulos, Supreme Secretary and W. J. Mavromatis, Supreme Treasurer, are working on the program to make sure that it is a success. On September third a dinner-dance will be given at the St. Demetrius Chtirch and a number of notables will address the guests.
We cannot urge you too greatly to make sure to attend the various functions, Now, let us all loosen up and give these Doys a Doost. If you feel old and
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III B 4
Ahepa Herald, September, 1933»
weak, attend one of the Doys' affairs and we assure you that you will leave feeling young and peppyl
Teni^aLivje Prograra
Sat. Sept. 2, 1:00-1:30 P.M. - Registration of Delegates at Conclave
Headquarters.
Sat. Sept. 2, 3:00 P.M. - Delegates reception by Rt. Rev. Bishop Kallistos
at Conclave Headouarters.
Sat. Sept. 2, 6:00 P.M. - Dinner for Delegates at St. Demetrius Church (Hdqts)
Sun. Sept. 3, 9:30 A.M. - Delegates with the escorts of Chicago Sons attend
church services at St. Demetrius Church en masse.
S\in. Sept. 3, 2:00 P.M. - Lunch for Delegates at Headquarters.
Sun. Sept. 3, 7:30 P.M. - Banquet and Dance given in honor of the Delegates
at St. Demetrius Church.
Mon. Sept. 4,11:00 A.M. - Public opening of the Conclave at Govan Hall,
Wilson and Broadway.
Mon. Sept. 4, 1:30 P.M. - Business session of Conclave begins at Govan Hall.
Mon. Sept. 4, 7:30 P.M. - Initiation of 100 members into the ranks of Lord
Byron Chapter No. 11 at Govan Hall.
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Greek Press, July 20, 1933.
NEW SQRORITy ORGANIZED
A large group of young Greek women in the parish of the Koimisis Tis Theotokov Church have formed a new society, the Delta Kappa Theta sorority. The following officers were elected at the first meeting: Eugenia Trian, presi- dent; Christina Ivoti, vice-president;
• • •
It was decided that the meetings should be conducted in the Greek language ^ so that the girls might become accustomed to speaking their mother tongue. 2^
CD
en
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St> Constantine Parish Nenys^ May 20, 1934. NEA GENEA GIVES IIOTKER^S DAY DAIICE
In the beautiful dining room of Hotel Sherry, the ycimg ladies society, Nea-Genea, gave its Annual Mother's Day Tea Dance on May 13.
The presidant. Kiss PB.uline Mazarakos, gavd a short speech in which she presented Miss Aiglie Argeris, who danced the ^^Daice of the Roses, ** end young Ernest Carras, who sang various songs.
Following the entertainment, Dr# Constantine Theodore, South Side Physician, spoke*
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The Greek Press, Pe"b. 11, 1932
ELECTIONS
p. 4,- Last Sun*lay the members of the Young Ladies Philomusical Club on the North Side held elections for the coming year. Those elected are: A. Calvert, president; K. Argyropoulos, vice-president; E. Vournazous, treasurer; G. Ladas, secretary; and M. Kararabis, recording secretary. Trustees are: Misses B. Ploros, P. Argyropoulos, A. Laris, E. Oikonomopoulos, A. Karagiannis, and E. Giannakopoulos.
We wish the utmost success and progress to the new officers.
Ill a The Greek Press. Feb. 4, 1932, p. 5 GREEK
II D 1
DANCE*
The YoTing Ladies Elllnikl Fillkl Enoseos Club is giving a dance on Sunday, April 3, in° the Crystal Ballroom of the Blackstone Hotel.
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The Greek Press, Jan. 29, 1932
N£A GKTSA
p. 4«- The Yoiin^- Ladies of the South Side have already started preparations for their annual dance which will taice place at the Congress Hotel on March 9 th.
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aRZEK
Correspondence of i.ir. A. A. Pnntelis 221 rl/La Salle St., ChiCcVjO, Illinois
J-one 12, 19ol»
(Letter sent by Paul V.. Anp:le, Sec'y of the Abrahaia Lincoln Association, to Ur. A. A. Pantelis.)
Dear W.r. Pantelis:
I have notified the Cu>3todian of the Lincoln Tomb that the Sons of Pericles will be there on the afternoon of S'lnda:. , J-one tv/enty-eie^'hth. He will be expecting the dele-jation. If you v;ill let ine knoiv about v/hat ti-ie they will be there, I v/ill give hin thrt information also.
I suppose you have already made arrangements to secure a 7/reath here in town. If not, I should be ver^^ qIbA to take cars of that for you.
Very truly yours,
Paul y.» A:i/rle.
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Saloniki. April h* 1931 •
mz fi:>::tivaL of th^ sgnl of Fi:;RicL::c ^t thj Tiiii^NCK.
The installation of the new officers of the four chapters of the Tons of Pericles took place at the Trianon» last Monday*
The 5,000 people who came to witness the ceremony of the installation v/ere swept off their feet by the procedure of the event. The Sons of Pericles, for months in advance, had been trained and prepared by the local committees for tne presentation of th'iir program.
Although most of the "Tjons" oririnally knew very little of tiie Greece iang^ua^e, nevertheless, the preparation and training they racaiveo before the event, enabled tnem to present the program in the Greek ton^'ue, to tne astonishment of tne entire audience. The questions and answers of the "::ons" were 'aade in pure Greek v;ith great fluency and facility. The prograiT^ was distinguished for its patriotic, re- ligious, and political topics. The audience for one-half hour was ago^ • The ^,oy
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alonikl. April 4» 1931 •
of the participants was so heightened that the dance, v/hich took place right after the installation, was extended one hour longer than the fixed time for tae celebra« tion.
The four chapters of the Cons of Pericles are Lord Byron, Ypsilaxiti, Crarfield, i^ad the Greek Center.
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The Greek Press. June 26, 1930.
EXCURSION
Last Sunday the young ladies of the West Side E. 0. E. club held an excursion to the Oak Forest Hills of Alexander Stavrus. They enjoyed themselves iimaensely and returned home tired but happy.
GRSSK III E
The Greek Presst June 12, 1930 •
ROOF GARDEN DANCE
The young ladies of the North Side are preparing an exceptional evening for us on Sunday, June 29, at the St. Clair Hotel, 162 E. Ohio Street.
Those present will dance to the music of a superb orchestra and under stars on the roof garden of the hotel.
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I c Ghioao^o greek Daily. May 17, 1930. ■ "' '^
MOra^R'S DAY GSLSBRATION.
p. 6.- Beiutiful indeed was this year's celebrition, of Mother's Day, being held by the splendid society of the (Jreek girls of South Side, the New feneration Society.
At about 3 p.m. the best element of our community started coming in from all directions. A half an hour later the charming lady. Miss ' Kary Mitchell, with a wonderful introduction in faultless dreek, explained in brief the meaning of the feast. Then, Mr. 3. Kampas ana his orchestra, played (Jreek and American hymns. The witty little Nikolatseas recited two poems, and Miss D. Siepi another, all of which were received with enthusiasm. Then Miss Maria Mltsoula gave a few piano selectionB.
Immediately following, the chairman introduced Dr. P. A. Hronopoulos, speaker of the day. Dr. Hronopoulos did not confine himself to the usual ciastomary sentimentalism, and abstained from using any rhetorical stunts, that might provoke momentary emotions. He went far into the subject of Motherly affection. He refreshed our recollection of sorrowful mothers
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Chlca<^Q Greek Daily > May 17, 1930.
VVPA dLL.) PROJ SaZ7a
in Greece, and the meaning of the feast, for those of us who are away from home. He made a comparison between the filial affection towards father, on one hand, and mother, on the other, and said that love for Mother is hearty, is life's poetry, while that for father is acquired rather than instinctive.
Then Mr. Hronocoulos, in developing his subject, showed how social institutions, as those of the Crusades, can up- root what we call mother- ly affection, and how, also, a martial and savage environment, as that of the Soullotes, idealizes still more the sentiment of love.
The speaker expressed his conviction that a healthy civilization by exalting the woman, exalts at the same time the Mother. As an illustra- tion he used the mother of the golden rule of Athens, who was respected as hetaera, and forgotten as Mother, in contrast with the present day woman who is respected as Mother.
Conservative, however, as Mr. Hronopoulos is, he pointed to the weak spots of civilization, in this hysteric and neurasthenic epoch of ours,
when we acquire bigger restaurants and ball rooms, theaters and club
WPA (ILL) PRCJ JQi!7^
Ghlcap.Q ureek Dally, May 17, 1930-
rooms, but smaller apartments, and compared them to the pills of the doctors, few of which restore us to health and when many cause loss of a patient.
*'We can expect, however," he said, "that this hysteria of divorces and jazz will pass over, and civilization will sive us the ideal mother, name- ly the prop of the family, and comfort of the home/* I'he speech of Mr# Hronopoulos, well developed and original as it was, made a vivid impression
For variety, then, Mr. Tsoumas, accompanied by l.Iiss Olga Massia, rendered first the song, "The old Man Demos", followed by other selections. Father Tsourounakis rendered a beautiful prayer for mothers, and right after re- freshments were served, a dance was held till 10 P.il.
The young ladies of the South 3ide are to be congratulated for organizing such beautiful feasts, and should be supported whole-heartedly by the whole community.
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WPA {!LL) PROi' mi
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Chicp-o Jreek J?ily, A^-)ril 17, I'^'O
J. -j.a.'j O *J . . O v.- . . J: ..V - .L <^MJ.2i O
^, 6.- iho Crde^" o:^" t:e Son?, of P'^ricle?. i? rirde 'xp of jreelc bo:/? from trie best ff-milie? of Chic.-^ ;o. The t^.^'O lod-;e^: of Ahe^o? , one on the : orth and one of t'le South Side hpve rccon ^lirhed tppks of irr;ortrnce that pre vrorthy of the ,^re^;c nar.e. A"^ 1 oiir pffpir? c^p-ve been cro'-"ned r-ith p. p.uccsrs tr.rt shov/^- t .e love pnd devotion o~" the -xreek oeo;ole.
The gurz:>09e o-^' t :~: or-^nirrtion is rnultif oriou? , the -^lop^t irn^ortr^nt thing bein.^; t.-e elevation of the 3-ree:c n^T^e in .V:iericp. Its -ne'^berF of tre mother-lod -e or' \':e^->^, ':.rye ler^rned to s ^erf: the ^>re-^:: " pn>r^i^ Te very fluently. vetting; r^ciuainted vrit^; the Greek lan.;cL^^e p-a'^. ideals, rnd bein;^ -oroficient in inr^lirh, the Sons of rericles ar:--» l.^yin-,* n fo'JJidption for t lie '.-rr ^ e k-Ane r i c .-^ n c i t i 7 e n .
'.'.Soever i^ t-^a-^ht by u? ir orired by vpriovir; Fchoolr, not only r9 rpnjcin,^;^ pmon;^ ■^)n^ils, b'lt plro rnon ■; t]:e best rthletes.
The bi/; dre^jn of the Son? of Pericles, tre renli^r-tion of v/hich If not r^pr
off, ir to be in po?^r.esFion o:'* ?oci?l pjic. )oliticrl positions in the united Strteo.
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Chic- '0 Ireek Jail", A-oril U, V':'^0
Ire So'<^9 have for:^ied a -^rout) of oPRe'ba.l"'. ~)lc./ers, rrhica i? con^Adered to "be one of t":^ oert termr: in Chicp.;o, rncl t^e:^ vIf':/ ev^ry 3-\jjid.r:r in the par^zs of ti.e city.
V'e hope t/iat o'ar fello?;-na.t lonpls v/ilj continue, rs^ heretofore, Fut) 'ort- in,^^ the rffpirs and ;.;.'^t .erin.:: of tp.e Sonr.: of Pericles; the future chrnu- ions of the -.rreek nane r^mL itc iderls in X:-". ricp.
Ghri?t D, Tsoiulo?;'
Chapter Lord hyron, ITo. 11.
The Greek Press. Feb. 12, 1930. GREEK \^^ ^-
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in A EPSILOK PHI EPSILON
For over a year the Epsilon Phi Epsilon Brotherhood has been operating very successfully as a North Side Young Men's and Women's Organization. During that time, this club has sponsored many patriotic causes and has much to uphold the Greek ideals.
Last Friday, in the hall of Saint Andrews Church, the organization installed its new members with pomp and ceremony. The installation was followed by a speech by Miss S. Theodore, the president of the club. Miss Theodore emphasized the purpose of the organization, which is to bring together younger generation of Greek-Americans so they can more easily uphold Greek tradition, ideals, and love for the Mother tongue.
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LIBERAL ARTS DANCE.
If what we hear is true, the Liberal Arts, dance is going to be the most brilliant affair of the season. Our Greek girls know how to organize a dance so as to give satisfaction to. all. Quests of honor will be the Greek Consul and his wife, the French Consiil, the Italian Consul and his assistant and the Serbian consul with his Greek wife#
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The Greek Press, Feb. 5, 1930»
EPSILON PHI EP^'ILON.
Very few Greeks were absent from the dance given by the Bpsilon Phi Epsilon Club of Young Ladies which was given at the Sherman Hotel.
The young ladies were more than satisfied at the enthusiasm shown by those present. All the members of the club were glowing with pride and joy at the success of their first dance.
The officers of the club are:
Miss Nestoridos- President Mary Lempeisi- Vice-president Miss Siepis- Secretary Miss Michalopoulos-Treasurer
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The Greek Press, Jan. 29, 1930 ELLINIKI FILIKI ENOSIS DAI^ICE
The Slliniki Filiki Enosis is the name of the new club organized by young Greek ladies, who are asking everyone to support their first dance. The dance will take place at the Sherman Hotel, next Sunday, and gives everyone a chance to come because it is conveniently located in the heart of o\ir city. The young ladies have worked hard to give everyone present a good time.
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Salonlki, Feb. 22, 1930.
EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY EPSILON PHI ALPHA
p. 5.- The fraternity Epsilon Phi Alpha, whose members are girls and boys of Greek extraction helci an initiation at the Auditorium of St. Andrew's Church, last week.
Many new members were initiated into the mysteries of the society, which was presided over by Miss Sophia Theodoropoulou. In a brief introduction she described the duties of the initiate towards the fraternity, her attitude toward the Greek language, religion, and tradition as well as her loyalty and devotion to the United States.
Following the ceremony refreshments were served.
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The Greek Press, Bee. 26, 1929»
The Young Ladies' Clu^-, ^llinikl Filiki '-noseos, is giving its annual dance at the Sherman hotol on tiie second of February.
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The Greek Press. Dec. 11, 1929.
YOUNG LADIES DANCE.
The Young Ladies Organization of Literal Arts is giving a dance on TebzTiary 14, Valentine Day, at the Medinah Temple, 505 N. Michigan Blvd.
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E. P, A. DANCE
The S. P. A. organization of Oreek boys and girls is giving its second
^T^r^^^f^.r dance on Sunday at the hall of St. Andrews chtirch. Preceding
the dance there will "be an Installation of officers. The admission is free!
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Saloniki, Nov. 16, 1929.
THE GREEK GIRLS IK CHICAGO
THEIR DUi'IES AIIL OBLIGATICInS TO THE GREEK RACE
By Dr. Papatheodorou
•q. 3.- The Grecian maidens of Chicago are the image upon which every Greek looks witn reverence. Upon them the race builds its hoT)es for the inspiration of Greek idealism. To them the race confides the per- petuation of Greek religion, laxi^Tiage and the traditions ol Hellenism. To them, as to the holy ark, we deposit and entrust for safety the jewels and heirlooms of our glorious race.
Our Grecian maidens fully understand tneir great responsibility, and gracefully respond to their imperative duty. In oraer to effectively discharge their obligations, the girls have formed societies and clubs among themselves ana with body and soul serve the interests of the commxinity. Their wonc and activities are nighly appreciated by all, and this appreciation is manifested oy the great success they have, whenever they hold a social affair. The corara-unity willingly responds
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GREEK
to their requests, '^he Greeks of Chicago are very grateful tc them and Hellenism in genera-1 looks upon them as the guardians of our race.
Our pride, esteem, and admiration for our beloved maidens would be en- hanced if they, in their gatherings and social affairs, used the Greek language, as a means of conversation, and they, in their circulars and invitations, used also the Greek language. English is the language of the land ana all of us xcnow it ana use iz every day as a necessary thing, means of comrininication. Using the Greek language is a priviledge and is a sacred service to the race, which cannot exist without the lajiguage» GreeK language and Greek religion keep the race from extinction.
Their action in using the GreeK tongue v/ill create a deep sympathy and untold reverence for our maidens. Their actions will immediately he followed by others because our girls are the leaders in the life and energy of our community. It would be the most desirable thing and a great service to our commimity if the Greek maidens took the initiative in employing the GreeK language whenever possible.
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Salonlkit Oct* SO^ 1928. p. 7
SONS OP PERICLES BALL.
The Ypsilantl chapter of the Sons of Pericles, founded hut a few months ago, is preparing for its first ball to be held in the ball-room of the South-Side Masonic Temple, located at 6400 S* Green streett on Oct. 30th.
The committee in charge is promising in addition to the dancing program, a unique and unusual entertainment which will be long remembered in the future. Music will be provided by Varzos Orchestra^
i^ ^.n, oj SK5EK III E Saloniki, April 14, 19^8, p. 5 \V ' V
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SOCIETY OF GRECIM aiRLS HELLENIC YOUTH-
The well functioned society of young Greek girls Hellenic Youth last week held its annual election and the follovzing were electedl
Chryscula K. Orphanou, president; Triseugeni G-. Flouda, vice-president; Theodorcv Mouzakioti, secretary; Sophia Tzatha, treasurer; Penelope Haloulou, chairman of the boaxd, Misr. Vasiliki Biniou, Anastasia Katsafourou, Aphrodite Flamboura, Sophia Giannouli, Evangelia Kouri^ Areh Manousou and Kyriakoula Panopoulou, members of the board*
The society of the Grecian girls is noted for its educational and philanthropic activities and is the pride of the Greek colony in Chicago, which always cooperates and assists the girls in their noble work. The fact that the Greek Youth functions well is revealed by the $3,000* fund they have in the bank to continue their good work*
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SALOKIKI. NoTember 5. 192?
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Afternoon Tea l?y the Society "LoTere of Music"
The Lovers of Mtjsic. a society coinposed of yotuag Greek girls, will gire an afternoon tea party, at the Venetian Ball Hoom along with entertainments Tickets are $1.30 eaeh«
The proceeds of the party willte utilized for Greek poor families of Chicago.
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SALOHIKI, Novamber 5. 192? Sons of Pericles.
The Sons of Pericles, a Jtinior organization, is making preparations for a iinique program of entertainment, to take place at their dance given at the Blackstone Hotel. The committee, composed of well known Greek youths, de- cided to make the entertainment of special interest to the fair sex, "by fea- turing a popularity contest •
The contest will he decided on the hasis of the selling of the most tick- ets, together with the vote taken at the dance, the girl who has the hest rat- ing on these two points will he acclaimed the most popular Greek girl in Chi- ca^»
Dancing will he the featured entertainment of the evening and some unusu- al stunts will he performed hy the members of the organization*
This is the first Ball of the Sons of Pericles and proceeds from this Ball will he given to needy Greek families.
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Greek Star, Nov. 4, 1927.
30K3 OF PJlRIGLES PR^FAEtS WR BIG Bt^XA
The Sons of Pericles, a junior organization of the Ahepa, is makin.^^ prepara- tions for a unique entertainment program to take place at their dance to be Siven in the beautiful ballroom of the Blackstone hotsl on if'riday evening, January 6.
The committee, composed of vjell-knov-Ti Greek youths, is as follovjs: Theodore ■ -Jarris, Peter Tatooles, John liemoeris, I^lcholas Boolookas, and John Floros. 7_o|
'Biey arc^ nlannim; a :^ro~"r:ijn of es-^^ecial interest to the fair sex, because of co the T)OTmljiritv contest in -^ror^ress. ^^
Tlie committee has decided that the ^,irl sellin." the most tickets and receiving the greatest number of votes at 'he dance vill huve the distinction of being called '*the most popular Greek girl in Ohica^.o."
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greek Star, Nov. 4, 1927.
TI is is truly an honor near to the heart of every rirl.
In connection :;ith the honor, a wrist v/atch v;ill be ::iven as first prize to the fortunate young, lady. There are also tyjo other interesting; prizes that v;ill he :;iven to those v:ho v;in second and third place.
Dancing v;ill be the featured entertainment of the evenin:^;, and soine unusual stunts v/ill be perforiiied by the laeinbers of the or;:anization.
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eaf^er to impress on our people that *'the first iinpression is a lasting ^
impression."
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Saloniki, Jan. 1, 1927. .i„ o,,
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Appeal to the Greeks of Tegea.
A general meeting of the Tegeatas is called, to form a society whose object will be to teach and prepare the Sreek girls of Tegea to become useful house- wives and mothers, so that they may be better qualified to mold the future of their childr ;n, not only with &reek principles, but also with the prevalent progress of the new generation.
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"Lecture On Hellenic Art" Restaurant Keepers Cruiae» 108 N. Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111., April, 1926.
Mr. J. Tselos who is a student of the Chicago University and Art Institute, delivered an illustrated lecture on Hellenic Art for the Oreek Yo\uig Men*s Christian Association "Nea Kara" on April 7th, at St. Constauitine Church under the auspices of Hellenic Students Association Plato •
GBSEK
SALOUIKI . Pebruaiy 27, 1926
Formation of A New Society, !Phe GT*eek Yout^.
The (ireek young ladies of the West Side, imbued with Qreak idealism, which was cultured in the Greek school, •'Socrates", formed a new society iinder the emotional and sweet name, Greek Youth, ^he aims of the society are educational and charitable. The offices and meeting place of the society are at the school, "^ocrates", where at one time most of the members of the society were pxqpils.
The officers of the society are as follows: Miss Antonia Plagiaki, presi- dent; Miss Aphrodite Karagianis, vice president; Miss Penelope Haloulos, secre- tary; Miss Anastasia Katsaforos, treasurer. Members of the Board are: Misses Katherine Palivos, Agelika Markoutsa, Kyriakoula Panopoulos, Irene H. Georgiou, Sophia Gianoulis, Basiliki Hicolaides, Sophia Tzathas, Julia Spanos, Mantinia Palivos, Triseisgenl I*loudas and Hariklia Mitsoulas«
We sincerely wish success to those hi^ly esteemed young ladies, whose initiative and idealism will remain as an example to all Greeks of Chicago, Bravo to the members of the Greek Youth Society]
Saloniklt July 25, 1925# THE PHILOMUSICAL GIRLS AND ROOF-aAEDBN DANCINO
Zneouraged hy the tremendous success they always have when they give a social affair, the well-known philanthropic society Yo\ing Oreek Girls Philomusical Association will, on August 3rd, hold a roof -garden dance at the Parkway Hotel for the benefit of our poor and needy#
Our alluring nyniphs inform us that the management of the above hostelry does not permit more than 600 persons to participate in the dance on the roof- garden, which is on the 19th floor, for reasons of safety* All tickets are sold and, they add, don't feel disappointed if you can not attend the affair of the fair ones*
The poor and needy and the Greek public in general oiight to feel happy and proud of the energetic efforts of our yoxxng girls who always are on the go for the benefit of the Greek community*
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Saloniki, Dec. 22, 1923.
WPA (!Ll.) PROJ 3t.^;s DMCE OF CHICAGO "GREEK SOCIETY" GIRLS
'Sunday before last a dance v;as given at the Sherman Hotel by the girls from the "Greek Society" of Chicago.
Besides a very good orchestra composed of many instruments, there v/as a very appetizing buffet at the disposal of those who were dancing.
From this affair the collections were very satisfactory. It is true that these girls work hard each year, so their affair will turn out to be successful. Therefore, these girls deserve hearty congratulations.
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IV Salonlkl . July 3, 1920.
PIATO SOCIETY GIVES DINNER
OSie Greek Students Club, Plato, gave its annual dinner in honor of the members who graduated this year on June 18.
Many notables of the community from the professional and business fields were ^^ present • During the dinner, the president of the Society, ISr. Nicholas D. Chero- p nis, well-known chemist of our city, spoke about the multitudinous barriers that ^ a foreign student mist hurdle in order to succeed. He recommended that financial g assistance be given to all struggling students, by means of a fund for this puirpose*
Dr. j^an kJJ Chronopoulos was chosen toastmaster of the dinner. He thanked everyone present for his willingness to honor the graduates. He said that the Greeks, both here and in the fatherland, are proud of the progress of their youth. He then introduced the consul, Mr. Xanthopoulos , who pointed out the benefits to be derived from the support and encouragement of Greek students.
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for the Greelcs as a race.
The toastmaster rose and congratulated the guests of honor who vvere: I. Hara- jnarani graduate machinist; J« Gekas, graduate of Law; and J* Gavaris, who received a degree in Philosophy. They, in turn, thanked the assembled guests ^ for their kindness and generosity in attending the dinner. Dr. Theodore told I the professional men, that it was their duty to be interested in community problems, and to follow the road of progress and enlightenment. f
-a He was followed by Mr. Dritsas, who stated that the field of opportunity is o
open in America to all students who are foreign born. By offering their talents ^
and services to America they will be indirectly honoring Greece and the ^
Greek-Americans. cr
Other speakers of the evening were Mr. Kyriaicopoulos, lawyer; P. Javaras, and ISTB. Katakis. They all expressed the burning ambition of the Greek youth to
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advance in the fields of knowledge.
This was a truly pleasurable evening, and it is hoped that there will be many more.
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Saloniki, Jan. 24, 1920*
ansEK YODNa vroiSK's club
It is with much pleasure that v;e announce the organization of a Young Women's Club here in Ghicao;o. The purposes of this group will be: to retain and promote the customs and mores of Greek family life; to help the community assinilate the best part of the iimericaii v/ay of life; to help make the new generation of Greek girls the finest type of womanhood from a social, cultural, and domestic viev^i^oint.
The club v/ill also support all philanthropic movements*
An organization of this type can do an unlimited amount of good, and v;e are sure that the Greek girls of Chicago will rush to join its ranics.
We will soon publish the names of the girls v;ho organized this club.
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PLATO CLUB GI7SS DDMBR IN HONOR OF THE GREEK PROFESSIONAL MEN
On January 9, the Plato Greek Students* Club gave a dinner in honor of the Greek professional men of Chicago at the Morrison Hotel •
Mr. Nicholas D# Cheronis, president of the Club and well-known chemist, gave a speech v;elcoming the visitors and expressing wishes of success to the guests of honor*
Mr. Gianakis, a lawyer, introduced Mr. Xanthopoulos , the Greek Consul, who in a few words emphasized the great need for education and progress. He pointed out the benefits of being educated in some profession.
After the Consul, the well-knovoi Dr. P. Chronopoulos spoke on behalf of the students. He described their dreams and aims. Despite their poverty, the Greek students had not lost their ambition and courage. He emphasized the necessity of supporting the Greek youth in its efforts to become better
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educated. He stated that the Students* Club hoped to become big and prosperous enough to be able to (^ivij scholarships to v/orthy students of Greek descent. . • . •
There were various recitations by such v;ell-knovm raenbers of the Club as Dr. Theodore, IJr. G. Kyriakopoulos , N. Salopoulos (former Greek Consul), John Gekas, and LIr. J. Harainaras.
It v/as decided to organize the Greek Hen's rrofessionul Club, and then the dinner v/as finished. It was a successful move up the ladder of progress.
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Salonlkl . Sept. 19, 1914.
GREEK BOY SCOfUTS OP CHICAGO
IWenty-two Greek boys have formed a new Greek troop, under the able leadership of Mayor J. Eallas. All of the boys are from the North Side of Chicago^
It is hoped that the boys who work in shoe-shine establishments will be given one evening a week off, in order that they may attend meetings. They will receive many benefits, both mental and physical*
Although we believe that this organization is a fine one, it is unnecessary for us to recommend the Boy Scouts. It is necessary, however, that we urge all the Greek boys to Join this worth-while organization* The boys of the West Side must also form a troop* The present membership of twenty-two must be multiplied many times, and extended throughout the entire city«
Next Sunday at 3 P. M* the boys will parade down Halsted Street to Blue Island Avenue# They will meet in the Athenian Hall. The public is invited to attend.
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MILWAUKEE &HEEK BOYS ARE FEOED HERE.
The Chicago Greek Young Men^s Association today plays host to a company of one hundred young Oreeks from Milwaukee, Wis,
In military order the Chicago boys received the Milwaukee comrades and marched to the Holy Trinity Church to attend the church service. After church the visitors will be feasted at the headquarters of the Chicago boys. Many prominent Oreeks will participate.
This is a return visit to the one paid to them by the Chicago Greek boys a month ago.
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Loxias, July 15, 1909 > WPA (ILL) PRO! 3n?"^»^
YOUNG MEN'S CLUB
Once again we must vrrite of the splendid progress of the Greek Yoxmg Men's Club. They have over $2,000 in the treasury with a membership of over 300 men.
Among the popular young men of our day who are active mecbers of the club, we find G. Bewbakaris, S* Karapateas, J. Dimitrakopoulos, D» Kontopoulos, L* Skribanos, C* Granias, and K* Alexopoulos* N* Sakantakis is secretary and A« Mouzakiotis is treasurer*
III. ASSIMILATION F. Special
Contributions to Early American Development
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I J OUR GREEK-AMERICANS
For nearly a century and a quarter Americans have displayed a keen inter- est in the welfare of the Greek people. President Monroe, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay were ardent champions of Glreek independence throughout the long and arduous stiuggle against Turkish zule* Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe of Boston was a nxDre important factor in the achievement of Greek freedom than the theatrical English revolutionist, the poetic Lord Byron. That Philhelleniam in r^ this country was not confined to a few lovers of Greek classics is proven by iT the ninaber of American towns named Athens, Corinth, Delphi, Troy, Syracuse, or ^ other Greek-inspired names.
During the first half-century of Greek-American relations the only Greeks known to America were individual proteges of American Hellenophiles, lAio studied in our schools and in many instances rose to places of prominence in American life* Conspicuous among them were the famous Byzantine scholar. Professor Sophocles of Harvard, and Michael Anagnos, who contributed so largely to the education of
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the blind*
Since the 1890* s ambitious young peasants, as well as jobless Greeks of good education, began to emigrate to this country in considerable numbers. They laid the foundations for the prosperous Greek-American comirainities which may be found in many parts of the United States, notably in Chicago, where there are 75,000 people of Greek origin. The rise of many of these immigrants from the rank of penniless peddlers, bootblacks or bus boys to the proprietorships of large and thriving business establishments and dis- tinction in the professions is one of the remarkable chapters in the history of American immigration.
These successes were not fortuitous. I.lahaffy, who knev/ modern as well as ancient Greeks better than most scholars, wi*ote: '^They are probably as clever a people as can be found anywhere in the world, and succeed not only by getting into their hands all the trade of the eastern L:editer3?anean, but by holding their own perfectly among 2n^-lish merchants in England.**
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Greek Press, Aug. 15, 1935.
Next week Chicago will be host to representative Greek-Americans from all over the United States. The American Hellenic Educational Progres- sive Association, better known as Ahepa, will hold one of the largest conventions of the year. The city welcomes these visitors, whose organi- zation, while keeping alive the ties with the homeland, is dedicated to
the promotion of "loyalty to the United States of America, obedience to its laws
and reverence for its history and traditions."
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A Speech Delivered by Dr. Thomas Baxevanis, Before the Albany Park Women's Club
p. 6*- To most American people, the word Greek has a two-fold meaning. First: The genealogic meaning pertaining to the ancient Greek civiliza- tion known to the Greek scholaxs and academic students, and second to the specific meaning, having to do with the progress and development of the modern Greek and the Greek of America.
The genealogic meaning of the word, refers to the Greeks, to whom the world owes the beginning of the scientific investigation of human society and nattire. It refers to the Inhabitants of the small crooked hand like peninsula stretching into the Mediterranean Sea as Will Durcuid says very intelligently, the Islands and colonies, later called the cradle of civilization*
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It refers to the Greeks who first founded Democracy and whose freedom of intellect, which is a necessity for the development of spectdative thought and scientific research, has found an extensive realization in society. It refers to the Greeks whose great contributions to modern civilization we enjoy today in the establishment of philosophic, scientific, artistic, economic. Judiciary and intellectual traditions, to which the modern student of science, philosoidiy, psychology, and c\ilture, reverts constantly for inspiration amd guidance*
Last, but not least, it refers— to quote Professors Sheppard and Morris — in their wonderful work, "Outline of History"~"To the most brilliant people whose legacies left to civilization are so innumerable that it is almost an impossible task to gather them together into a comprehensive statement*"
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Eyery historian tells us that with the development of the Greek, the typically Eastern civilization automatically becomes definitely Western* Its g^iius was so manifold, virile profuse, human, intimate that later on, Romans, Germans and Anglo-Saxons found no difficulty in appropria- ting it and calling it their own. Its confident intellectual explora- tions throu^ all the realisms of human curiosity are as fearless as a child wandering thro\i^ rooms in a darkness it has never learned tc fear* In f£u:t, they seem to have been the only people in the past and perhaps in all time, who were perfectly at home in the world. All levers of beauty treasure their imperishable art, those who seek freedom, who think in terms of democracy and humanity, drink from those ancient Greek springwells. Their intellectual and artistic achievements revert to us the Olympian heights of the possibilities of human mind.
It seems, as though Mother Nature extended herself in a too generous distribution among our ancestors*
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Perhaps she wished to intimate to us that what she gave once to them she can give again to others. We all know many worth-while sons following the foot prints of their fathers.
Now we come to the second meaning of the word Greek, the specific, which as we previously have stated refers to the modem Greek.
It is a well known fact that every race has its characteristics. Some- thing which distinguishes it from the other races# Instinctively the Greek is egotistic. His political unions lasted only as long as dangers threatened. The only person who siicceeded to unite the Greeks was Alexander the Great*
After the fall of Constantinople, the outstanding Greek minds immigrated to western Europe, there establishing their influence and modern civiliza- tion.
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The dream of all the Greeks, who were deprived of their liherty \inder Oriental Mohaimnedans, was to revolt. They did so in 1821. Americans were the first ones that expressed their sympathy for the struggling nohle race.
President Monroe, in his epoch-making message of 1823, which enlisted the eloquence of Daniel Wehster and Edward Everett in championing the Greek cause, gained thus the undying gratef\ilness of the Greeks.
Pew decades after Greek independence was accomplished, rumors began travelling of the new and wonderful country which extends from Maine to the Pacific and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, where liberty was real and rewards were based on individual merits and not on accidental advantage or influence of birth, where education was not the privilege of the few and selected, but free for all. attracted the ever adventurous and fortune hunting Greeks.
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Hoping to create a better tomorrow for themselves and their families, few at first and thousands afterwards, started to Immigrate to the New York to enjoy liberty sind together with other Jhiropean races, to put their shoulders to the wheel of progress and the development of this Republic iriiich was destined to play such an important industrial, social and economic role in the modern civilized world.
The story of the Greek immigrants to America is just as romantic as that of any other race. Previous to the great economic movement that broiight into America the millions of immigrants from every corner of Europe, the Greeks sent into America a number of outstanding scholars such as Pro- fessors Sophocles and Zachos, the former devoting his life to classical studies, at Harvard University, the latter establishing the Cooper Union in New York, one of the outstanding educational institutions of America.
In addition to the educators, the Greeks distinguished themselves in the
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military ana political fields of America. It is well-known that during the Civil Waur a member of Congress from Oshkosh, Wisconsin, named Lucas Miller, was a Greek and in the Navy Admiral Calvokoresis served the United States Navy during the Sapnish-American War in that capacity with Admiral Dewey*
Furthermore, history tells us that during the American Revolution a grandfather of the Greek patriot, Ypsi Ian ti, served \mder Washington, with a number of Greek volunteers who distinguished themselves in several Ibattles.
So you can see that in the establishing of the American Commonwealth the Greeks did not lack to offer their services.
It was after 1385 that the Greek economic immigration began to assume proportions of a racial cheuracter.
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Greek Press, Jan, 29, 1931
As you know, the first Greeks had to overcome insurmountahle difficulties to gain an economic foot-hold in this country. Little hy little they began to adapt themselves to the conditions and today we find them all over in practically every line of business in every nook and corner of America. They have proven to he law abiding and progressive citizens.
When, in 1917, the trumpet of the war marshalled the American youth to the colors, Greeks through the United States, seventy thousand strong, answered the call like true Spartans. One of them in particular faith- ful to the proud name of his heritage and true to the country of his adoption, died in the battlefield of Prance with super-htunan heroism and valor.
General Pershing called him one of the ten great heroes. The Congress- ional Medal was awarded in his honor, and his remains lie resting in the Arlington Cemetery.
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This young man's name was George Dilboy and his statue ivas unveiled this year in Somerville, Mass* It was on that occasion that Ex- President Coolidge and especially David Walsh, Senator of the United States, i>aid a glowing tribute to the immigrants in general who fought for their adopted country*
In the educational field they have distinguished themselves and thousands are to be found in the hi^est institutions of learning* Many occupy chairs of Professorships* For example, there are Greek Professors at Harvard, Princeton, Cornell, College of New York City, Ann Arbor, etc*
III. ASSmilATION Cr. Immigration and Smigration
e:i»i:Hi
m. si
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YEAS BOOK or ST. CONSTANTIKE CHORCH AMD KOBAIS SCHOOL. I936, p. 53.
Historical Pages of the Community of St. Constantino and St. Helen. 1st, The First Greeks in America.
The present or future historical writer in his attempt to set the date of the first Greek in to this country, will he compelled to liken him with Columhus. How- ever, the Oreek is here and the date of his arrival may remain unknown.
The Greek is an alien amongst aliens, alone amongst many, without knowledge of the English language, rather uneducated, poor hut honest, acquires friends and he- comes a paragon of industriousness and honesty amongst the many.
His inherent desire to progress soon makes him conspicuous. He multiplies more and more hy bringing his relatires and friends from the old country, to the new country of hope.
Whenerer you find ten Greeks, you'll find an organized society; a church as
their meeting place and adjoining the church a Greek school to perpetuate the Greek Langoage and Greek Nationalism.
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YEAR BOOK OF ST. CONSTAHIPIKE CHIIRCH AMD KORAIS SCHOOL > I936, p. 53.
In a short time the Greek will go into business and prospers. In his prosper- ity he does not forget his Mother Country, hence, the Aroerican Greek hecomes the good angel and benefactor of Greece.
Millicms and millions of dollars are sent to Greece yearly to htdld schools, roads, streets, new villages to eliminate slums and beautify cities. Along with his dollars he sends Aaerican ideas ad views. His ultimate aim is to get rich and go back to his Mother Country, to his family, wife and children, but the influence of the environment alters his views and instead of going back, he sends and brings his beloved over here.
That change of his original aim, becomes a great national problem for the na- tion of Greece and the church. Never before in history was the Greek devoured by the influence of a new environment •
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YEAR BOOK or ST, COHSTANTIMB OEORCH AND KORAIS SCHOOL. 1936, p. 5U.
Historical Pages of the Conmranity of St. Constantine and St. Helen. 3rd. The Tentporary Church of St. Constantine and St. Helen. (1909)
V
With the passing years as the immigrant poptilation of the city was in* creased, the Greeks of Chicago were scattered to the four corners of the city, ^e to the fact that on the South Side of the city, there were more Greeks, mostly Peloponnesians and a few Islanders, thougjits and debates began to flour- ish for the establishment of a new church. They wanted a church to he nearby, for, means of transportation from other parts of the city to the church were still in the early stage of developments.
A committee was appointed, and composed by Ur« H. Eoumoutsi, President; John Papanastasios; P. Tzoyani; A. Papal eonardos; K. Iheodorou; P. Housopoulos; H. Bratsolias and a few others, now members of the ''Holy Trinity**, to find and biQr a suitable location. In the meantime, a temporary church was established in a hall at 62nd and Wentworth Avenue, and by vote it was given the name of "St. Constantine and St. Helen".
Hot having a local priest for the new church, two priests of Holy Trinity, &ev. A. Pegeas and ^ev. A. Mandelaris, were alternately officiating. In this
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e&uteh, which resembled the Garret of the Apostles, the first religious ser- Tiees were held for the Greeks of the South Side, until ^ the new church at 6105 South Michigan Avenue was huilt, aad whose fate we will follow before and after its destruction hy fire.
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Historical Pages of tho Community of St. Conatantine and St* Helen. 2nd. The Pirst Community of Chicago. (l«93-1909)
The scarcity of laborers was felt in the big cities of industry and com- merce. The City of Chicago, being one of those effected, was receiving the pioneers of immigration, with open arms. The city's population was about I50, 000 souls when the first Greeks made their appearance.
According to Dr. Volikos the firpt Greeks came in the year of 1856. A group of them, (fishermen) in row boats, came up the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan and established their shelter at the shores of our city. They were islanders, fishermen by occupation, and in tercommrani cants of the southern parts of Surope and of Italy.
In the year of the great fire, 1S71» there were many Greek in Chicago, althou^ scattered over the city. During the year of the Columbian exposition, 1893, ^^^ Greeks begun to organize, in spite of their small numbers. When the late Most Hev. Dionysios Lattas, Bishop of Zante, came as a visitor to the ex- nosition. the Greeks had their first church "Annunciation of Virgin Mary" at
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YEAR BOOK OF ST. OONSTANTIME CHORCH AMD KORAIS SCHOOL, 1936, p. 5U.
Union and Randolph Streets, on the third floors of a frame house, where they held religious services. In that church, the above mentioned hishop officiated with the assistance of the priest of the Church, aaaed Fan ^iampolis, a native of Ithaea«
Two years later that church, under the same name, was established at Eed- zie Avenue and Clark Street in a beautiful Uasonic Hall, %e duration of the church in that edifice did not last very long. The division between the Spar-> tans and the Arcadians forced the church to close its doors under financial duress. However, a new church under the name of "Holy Trinity," at the year of 1S98, was bought by the Arcadians, for $22,^00 and with a new priest named Papathanasi 8 , and began to function*
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.;;pzi:ie oection "o-. lm-l"^Ti.
You rail: dov^n ..r.-lrt^-d otr-et, tne "."'oulev.-^rd o:'^ tn.e 3rl". .prip. /• pnd you^re in tnn center of G?.iCr:,o*? "Tit*:le 'J-reeco". 'Xhere p.re otier (xroak colonies here, con^j.'^ct r>nd r)rrt, b^it the "T .-^nd of t::e Ppr.theon'' on the nerr '-oet f^ide ir the jprjeFt. The one tirln , tlipt vul"^ 1 ?)r^^^r yon in "little -xreece'' ir. t ' ":Lef f eneion" , or ireek coffee hoa^e. It If t]j.e rel.^xinc; -.)l;-ce of "..'.er'^^rF. The PpFrerrhy," The tydc^"^. 'i-roe : clnih.
Snoke .'ri.er ?i :e — If You're h.an ^Jnou,-^.
-::$ehind the ;!.• te ;;lpcr. vrindor/r with their J-reek in?crintions, you find innu^nerp':)le nen f-^k. :nin -; tneir j-r::e-: coffee, fnokin ~ t< eir ^.r.{;il.eh*^ , or rpter nines, rnh rer-din ; 'Jreei: iievs-omerr. . Other?: rre deen in dir.cu^pdon of the Jree'.: revolution or p solution o"'" the trn;:;led 3alkrn Fitiir.tion,
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iou enter onn o:^ t i^^re "c1m::;p''. lo^i order jo'ir coffee ^.'hich ^^ thici: rnd brovn-Mrde fro tbe ;)ulverired c^f'^^e '0'=i:-^n. To i drin':, lr.it not too much, for on t"0 botto : of t':-. c-io 19. t .e "::nid" or pedinent,
You tv.r the Ar dleb, if v^^]. thin: 70U rro vm eno^if.. A vTvite:'^ •o'roesi the bo'.'"^. Pt rour :^''::-'t, -^o-i t-"\':e tbo erA of tl'-O flexi")le rten in your mouth md 70U inhr-lo-p. "f^ton/^'ch drr'-^'*,- The S'in'-:e -^••r?:ei^! t^::rou-_;c^ ^-^pter, •-^oe? to the bottom of 7oiir lun t — pzicl you feel yror-t, or
'iepl >reei: U'ood A.t .lor] rreei: Hertrur^^ntf
xou ''-i"^"' fi/id J-reeh r'^rta^ir^ntr in thir rection '": -?r'^ yon -::-'t t'-ie t-pI >>reeh coo.cin .,. There ir the '.-'p..ntheon pI lli S, -p^. pt^d Street, "^•er'?' you c^n j;et yo^ir Ir^mb in tne vprio'v.- jm:ronomicrl o^^p^^r t-rt the J-reeks coo.: thir. mer;.t.
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rid there Ig t^ie Inter^-:' tl onrl ^^nvr r :. 1^-^, S. . rlrted Sir ^t, On /ovir
Co:vn to v;h^^-r'" "u':."^ :.our-: stri-id?, ■/-) i •^'I'^l find n; ler^i^i; oiC r\;Bt;9'l-
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rant to 7''':ir li'.ir: ,. Or, if ""o'l oro-^^r tn e^t v>r";'r: di^iies- ne^ror f^ie loo'j, you c^n ,p t^) to Ather-i-'^n r -.FtrMTrrit r-t "1- ; . Jo.orliorn Street,
d e: oeld ^.At
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the former drool:-A :orio*'n dir ov: t.^^re, -^21':;. e:oei-.\^/ii: Ainuor o: ^ variet:/.
?ioart r T'lh fOi -■)en T-'ire I'or 1-ree:^ 'fe^t-^^r Fete
,.e -Tree.
If yoii ^--ero in 3>-'icr^"0 ' :^ ""^..ittle ■.>re:?ce'' durin:; tlie "'-^rt '-.-eek-end, tou '70uld h-'^ve ^-een si.^vits yv.i nev'ir ^.voM?d for^:et. La?t Sunda-.' vr^r: t'.e G-ree:- ypr':ter, one :vee': 1-ter t ion our Easter,
G-rert Sc'^ster 'Dre^d — civ'i^^^ ivith the colored "d- rter e-:,v;s hailed ri:;;ht in ther?., ?;ere on s^-le pX t e varioiie br.cerie?^. And there ^rere live lo^ihs
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to "be "Dou':;)t rt plnort evr;.' sts"). Kvery CJres'c fanily nupt hsve r-' live lamb ^^or ."■;,".ster, 'I'he sntirfi "innl") server Fone "oiirpoEe. llis "tj^i Diets" pre nr-de into p sou'o, "n?;-^sritsr-" , v/hich has ? sli,5;i".tl;7 tart tpfte. You ,:3et soup li'.ze trds once a yepr — ."^t '^p?t?-v.
There are -o-rpdes on Fridav '>:.-ht ireredi'^, ■ "Sppter, re nl- r torchliait lorocersions. -he ,:;r3rtost this* /'-:r?r v/rf^ in the he-'-rt o-f' "Litt*^3 :rre'=ce" pt hnr^i^on rnd Kr^l^tecl Sjtr'^ntr, ^"hore linef^ o!"" -n^rcherp from t':o direct- i o n c .'•• p f? en D led.
On h'^s-ter "'lorninc;, diractl.r r-ft^r nidni ;{Jit , when t ^^ Fiji^^l thrt "Gririrt hn? riren" ir -n-Trod, th:^re ir r ;;o>ierrl celelDrrtion throu.jhoiit t'le Ireok colon./. Tho tc-^'nl eF. pvfi Irrle'ii vrith food r^no. fi-^.e drinh, pnd everyone re- .ioicer. The cerenoniep Po:netiT.eF Tr-st unti"? dpyhrerlc.
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The Oreek clerr-^e:" o"f t;i" r'':r»ve oi.urn'iGp -^re: lovf. -^erietr -, .■:^tr^O:is, •iol 5rii F .
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Trie tj-reekr! iron ^1"! over tr.o city floe: to thif^ nei ";:'.oornooo. d^rrin . --r^eter. It IP dere, too, trot t;:.ey rre r^Vd e to V-:j;,r their renl dreeh food? — rnd t'le vr^rietler of dreel: brerd.
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■ihHre if one rro^.: lo^f t .rt ;..-r n 'iiirt^vicr.'^ si .\?iif icrnce r^-icb fev; youn/? G-rooks knovr. Thi r ":^re:-d i^ ^)rk:^a. i a the r^hr'^e of a ha ;e doU;';;hn"at , rnd cm bo foirid .'t the Groto n;>k^-ry, ^;*;^ S. Hplfted Stroet.
li^Te t]":e o^d .'rroo': -lo/ior v-'iich nr^^d to 'V^^ve r hol.o in t' o -lone^, r't.^ndp
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for "tho TniPsin/2; -o^^rt of .rreoce", rna ^"or ori.-:in- -cea rt :^ tino ^'/len 01.^^00 vrnr not con-olete p? p n-tion. 3nt v^o. 'nvc^r thot Drord ri ^ht here i n Giii cr-yrp 1 0 dny ;
3'irf't Tree :r Or'^e Fro-n hev/ Crleons
It if interertin;; to ' enru fro-n Peter S. pnhro?, editor o:^ t e ^reai Strr, one of tne lr>r e<^t Ir'^ek nevr-n- iors, ;')'jihlirhed in the United Strter^,
th.- t t' e firrt Jr-'-'^c to co'ie to (Jhic<o-;o ^-ere hew Crl, ean*^ in t:ie e^rT /■ 'rO'n,
"^e\'^ )ione''^r tr'^derr -^'ro.
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It 19- pj.9.n i'-.t^reGti/i -, to knov' tl nt . r. L^r-Vbro^ l^a? liir^ editorial officer rt I'^O ... gITb Street, v.'here he li^-d O'lX/lifvhed hi? ";r -er for 22 .-errF; — no'/V in r. "!*;00"o of "ice oMiDdln;;, It ir iro'iv 'nl;.'- the mo?t co.i- orct ne^^'SD'-'-oer office, '-'it?: ^ linotype rv chine Mid co^nooftin;-; roo:.: on the fi:^th floor of the Iniildin ;, t.^^^t you ever rr"\
l.'.pji,r Settled -ere i'ollorin.^ -jrV'^RX :*'ire
T:eY c^ :e o-ci: to Ohicpy^o '-itn r^l-tiver r'Vl friends. One of toepe Crreeh -aoneer? died only r fe.vr :-err? rro. ^-e r^^^s- Oa)t. licho]p<^ ?a'v):-,R, '^'ho hed r^etoled in hin?:ie Stre::t, :aore tlian Jij year^: p.:;o.
Like oti-er nationplitief^ ^vhich n^ve helped to hnild -ihicr/y) into the {^ept comouolitan city t:-c::t it i?, tl'e jrreeks ert^bli^ned t.ieir rerl pettlenent oirectly a-^'ter tre C]:icr;-o fire in IH]} .
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Mpiiy G-reekf; cr\e Lere rafter thir dis^/^Fter, not;^-;ly r^non. ; then Co^-^^^trntine --itchel'] , who lived in Stre^tervil Te nr.r^, vir.^ r i'riend of old Cmt. Street- er; Thon-R Co^nbiths, ^'hopo Bon, Iran-, Irter ?'c.c. vr^tn J.H. Vhite : Co., at the i*'u"I ton -"larhet; Ooar^trntine h.rr.ter?, v;>io 'oRCpne one ."^f the hei^^t •kjiny/n tailors^, ^ ncl Ghri-'-'t: Ghc-^conn.
hpny ioautiful >roeh "o:nen rere in Chica.^o
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OnriBt Ch?^conr vras, iQiorm p^- tr.o "Goli;:rbur of S-:)r'rta". Ke hpn. cone ^^ere rnd. re<oli?:in,;,- trie possibility of iro-:: trrde in this citr after the fire, hpd reti.irned to his nrtive Tr-'intriin^ , S-oprtr , -^nd broU'^ht 'nrc^^. p namber of rel- tiver^ :vith hin. . -pny becp:ae frait nerch-^ntf^. ../Vbont l^^o2 the Greek i^ettleraent in Chic.'^;^o w^s thriviny, --nd t'lere "r^re nerrly 1 000 hero bMt p11 of the-i v^ere men.
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So it is not odd t'-rt t"::'e xr^elis; rovere tlie nr-rie of ^i^?. P-.%ter Pooloy, the firrt -re:^: ■-'o-^r'n to co'' '^ .lere in 1 --:^. l.-r^'. roole/, ^-a? ;^ctive in the '^jree-: co'P/iuriity rnd t- o or.-'Pnirej^ of r benevo'^.ej'it n.FF.oci/ tion for J-re^-is 'vhich ke^ot plive t:iO ideals of ti:e ^ro<^k religion.
r.ut today v.^ou r---"-? "lan./ rreol-: '^-o»nen. '^hey are the t:;roe '/vhich inf^;oired the heautifMl roul-ot'ore of Jre^-'ce. The type that v.'ould even todav in- ?-^)ire Prr.riteles, th.e s^ciiT ";tor o"^ the second Attic i:3choi";. , vrho in:^orta..l- i-^ed the fenale forn,
low can find t'ler.e v'onen ocrh-vor in the Tsoiiicalas :^^ncinj b't-idio, 21o S. V.'aoash Avenue, or /ou :-ii.;-it even f^e-^ then ri.jht -^'t t.'.e 'Oelta", center of "little Greece", at : .^l^oed r/td Harrison Streets.
I 3 k III C
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The 'jvee: i? np.inl:/ r nuRineff^ :ipn, --e hrr '";oen iniired taroir-j^; the p::es. '^dth the ider^ of heen b-^r ^^ainin .;, bat h^ rlwrys is f^lr r':i th hir co^ieti" tor. . . h.r. Lri^norose, to auo'.e hira a .r^in, ^vill te?!.! /on the ■oaraohrase of the old ^reek rdr,.;;e. --e s-rys:
The ori;^in^l -jreck •'ierch,'^?it? in Ohio-- -p rt.nrted o^it in the felling of 'red hots^ ^^id 'Hot tr-^ole^." But hr,vr the/ hpve )rO;.;roi;?c'ed since thrt tine i? reen 'or referrin,'; to ?^uo:i sucoe?^•ful bupinef^' men ns -ir^Jilios ?testr--jrajrits, Andy'^^ 0; ndies and Je-hets G.nndies.
Greek firn?.-^ flourish in Ghicp^-;o todc?v. '^;iere nre: Pe->To,-is dc Ale>:, one of the T-r;;eRt rertauTr-^nt outfit •..•ers in t;:e coimtry; Cokins r- Co., L- Spile Street, investTient •louf.'e; Drexel Ice Gre?-i Co,; victory Ice Cream. Co.; Husetos Ice Orepn Go,; Kalodinor. Bros. Ice Cre^m Co.; ICakarpkis 3ros. and i)eli/-iannis Jros. , im-oorters, and others.
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)- of in^eroj^t to Gnic-.^o-^nr t'vt the Atl-^:? .ii^xchr/i.^e 3pni: of Gil i c .^ ;^o VT f f o mid ed "i ^j Crr "^ e. : r ,
So.-ie oj" t e c:^Tr^^,v?i of loc^^T -Tree': i::r!ii,j;rr:ntF ; re •.-orthy of t'^e ;on of iior-tio Aljf^r. -^h'-re ir, for i?i^t^^nce, tt-e e-^ic of the John Rr-:'^io^,
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rodlo^7in,;; -'-re r-") le fr^vorito >reeh diri":or* t r.t v'ore "'i'^ted on t/iR menu of the Athenirn Crfe, PI':: .. -'er-roorn btre't.
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Atheni-m Grfe,
21r, ]•;, De^rhorn St,
:&!
Ill Q GRBEK
III H -
I C Saloniici -Greek Press, Oct* 11, 1934»
I J
WE HAVE TWO COUNTRIES
V/e, Greeks of America, must finally realize that we are bound not to one,
but to two countries* Most of us came iiere for tiie purpose of acquiring a
large fortune with which to return to our beloveu Greece* As a result of
this, America has become the object of a secret grudge or resentment on our
part* Some of us who came here intending to stay but a short while, have a ^
feeling of antipathy towara the nation which gave us our opportunity and --^
material wealthy We believe that if America did give us many luxuries and fz
material possessions that she simultaneously robbed us of the joy of living* Some of us can hardly believe that we have ever lived any other way than we do in America* Childhood in Greece seems to be only a beautiful phantas- magoric creation* No, we have not lived our lives; we have only labored through life* And now, after many years of ceaseless labor, we ask that o^ America give back to us our stolen years*
This great land is unmoved by the fate of her victims, and allov/s them to
-T3 TO
o
Ill G - 2 - Grmm '
III H
I C Saloniki"Greek Press, Oct. 11, 1934.
I J
do wnatever they please* The complainants rinally decide to cast from their feet the dust of iunerica, and to returu to their sacred fatherland* They do not desire to live in a land where people do not know the art of living* They desire to enjoy the natural beauty and Attic skies of areece» And, above all, they do not want their children to be reared in America where they will be assimilated in the great 'Smelting pot** of Americanism-- a pot which will destroy every trace of Greek ideology, religion, language, and respect for Greece in their cxiildren* The family tree must not be so wrecked with storm that any wind can break and scatter in all directions its branches* Therefore, such people, sooner or later, if their finances permit, return for permanent residence in Greece*
i —
C3
ro
One would then expect these persons to be extremely happy and contented. -y^ The opposite is true* It seems that many months do not elapse before their hearts are filled with nostalgic thoughts of America, which was more, hated than loved, and which, they believed, they would never care to see again* America then becomes a second fatherland for them* She is sought.
Ill G - 3 • GREZK
III H
I C Salonlki-H^reeic Press > Oct. 11, 1934*
I J
missed and prayed for by people who blessed the day they left her
shores. Many are heard to say they would give a fortune to see iunerica once again. ••Now that we have returned to Greece, we realize how well off we were in America," said a sad-faced man.
Anyone who leaves, even for a short time, aiscovers that America is like a %
mother who, though left behind, is never forgotten. She is remembered, not ^^
only for her bounty and opportunity, but because in her, the immigrant has a pi
chance to find himself; In her every individual has freedom of thought and ::^
action; in her whose bounty transforms people into ladies and gentlemen, g
and gives education and careers to all who eagerly seek them. ^-"
CO
To us, the Greek people, she has been especially kind, because we are a Zrf peaceful and Sard-woiking people. In her live our dreams of a happy world; and on her soil is freedom for our ideas and writings. We should love all these things more than the nearly forgotten - relationships we still have
with Greece. We are free to retain our customs and language, so we cannot
^^^ Q - 4 - GRSSK III H
I C Salonlkl^Greek Press > Oct* 11, 1954* I J
blame this nation if they do not survive^ It is up to us, to maintain them in our homes and in our children. Our children would not have one tenth of the opportunities they have if we were in Greece*
America may, at times, break our hearts and our bodies; but she repays us for ^
our sorrow many times over by giving our children the chance to earn fame and 2
fortune • Love Greece as a beautiful memory giving a cultural background to ^^
our lives; but adore America, for she lots us live in freedom and peace# She F
is active in her welfare and serves us continually ♦ If anyone doubts, let ^
him take a trip* g
CO
HI G
II DIO
III A TIT ^
I C 17
GBiSBK
Saloniki . Not. 14. 1931
THE GBMSS IN AMERICA, THEN AND NOW By Dr. Volicos
4
y
p« 3«- The influx of Oreek immigration to America l)egan fifty years ago* Thousands of young Greeks came to the land of hope* Tens of thousands followed them. And a little oyer 500,000 Greeks are now living all over the coimtry, and are not lost souls, as the leaders of Greece inferred, when thousands upon thousands were departing for America, the far away coxintry, the cotintry of the Indians, etc* Greece was sad at loosing so much young blood, and very skeptical concerning the welfare of those departing souls*.
Indeed it was difficult for those political leaders of Greece to picture in their mind any favorable outcome for those departing emigrants. Why? Because they felt that these people, most of which were uneducated, with no vocation, with no knowledge of the country to which they were going, with very little experience even in the life of their own country, would not be able to auljust themselves to the new environment of America*
- 2 - GHMg p ^H,
-^ y
Salonikl, Nov. 14, 1931
The great majority of Greek inmigrants came from farms and small Tillages* Not speaking the language of the land to which they were going, the \m- friendly attitude of the natives, and many other things were considered by the administration of Greece, to he of disadvantage to the dei>arting young Greeks*
It is true the Greeks were surrounded by all these disadvantages, with the exception of the unfriendly attitude of the Americans* The American people not only were friendly to those Greeks and all immigrants in general, but gave them any and every possible assistance for their wel* fare* The wise and well-goverened American with a far-reaching vision in his mind, received and treated those Greeks as well as all the coming foreigners, with the same care and tenderness as the natives received* There was no discrimination made in favor of any one. Freedom, justice, and protection to all. There was education by day or night to suit the wishes of the immigrants and great tolerance towards the ignorance of this new element*
• 3 - GBjatK
Salonitei . Hot. 14 , 1931
The writer of this article, living in Chicago for the last forty years, owing to his medical profession, has visited many centers inhabited by (rreeks, and has obtained a true picture of the struggling Greek element in this country. Dr. Tollebs tells of a distinguished American deliver- ing an address, who said, "In this world of today, anyone wishing to live, must take into consideration three things, that he either works, steals, or begs** The wise €uid learned American, Laconically, spoke a profotmd truth.
The Greek immigrant, who brought with him his religious devotion to the laws of the country and Greek progress iveness, could not do otherwise but choose work for his career. The vicissitudes were great. The Greek immigrant, encouraged by the covenants of this country, engraved in his mind work and progress. He soon learned enou^ English to transact busi* ness, adopted the American standard of living, accumulated a little money and soon had his own business. But the responsibilities and the obliga- tions of the Greek towards his beloved ones and his mother country were not neglected or forgotten.
- 4 - GfiZSK
Salonlklt Not* 14, 1931
Millioas and millions of dollars were sent to relatives and the mother country* Thousands of Greek girls were brought here to perpetuate the Greek race in America. Churches and schools sprang up every where to keep up the Greek traditions* Americanization in big strides began to flourish* Colleges and Universities enrolled tens of thousands of Greek- Americans. Social and political life began to take notice of the product of the poor immigrant Greek. And so the political leaders of Greece (if they are alive) began to reckon that the Greek emigrants depatrting from Greece, fifty years ago, are not lost souls. The present leaders of Greece, look upon the Greek polity of America, as the future hope and strength of that country that once was great* The Greece of America today is looked upon by all the Greeks of the world as the best promising foundation for the race. Educated in American Institutions, in every branch, these young and vigorous Greek-Americans are setting out to bind the world into a new civilization*
- 5 -
GRZEK
Saloniki, Nov. 14, 1931
The wise and just American fathers of this great Republic, whose minds could see the future, made no mistake in receiving the Greek and the rest of the immigrants with friendliness, tolerance non-descrimination, justice, and will not regret the great expenditures made for the educa- tion and welfare of these Greek immigrants. With pride, I say that the Greek-American element, which is an integral part of the American Re- public, if it is not the best, is one of the best. The Greek of America, today, is educated, devout in his religion and faithful and obedient to the laws of this country, and a philanthropist to the extroBie point. Work and progress are his Greek traditions. What else makes a good citizent
,4
But Greece, his original mother country and the mother country of all the civilized world, is always remembered and honored. The Greeks of America pay homage to Greece by excursions, in order to spread good-will hringing America and Greece closer together in their relationships.
- 6 -
6BXXK
:\
MJ
o,
k
v:
Saloniki, Nov* 14, 1931
The Greeks of America have contributed greatly to the erection of American colleges, Y.M.C.A's, hospitals, orphanages, and many other institutions* So, in closing my article, I*m proud to say that the Grreeks of America, in such a short period of time and with all the handicaps mentioned, has evolved great progress ♦ I also wish to say with certainty that the new Greek-American, in generations to come, will unfold the Stars €uid Stripes in every part of thew)rld, as Alex- ander the Great spread the Greek civilization of the i)ast.
(Summary)
TTT Q. Vo """"^^f GBEEK
TT A 1
The Greek Press, June 12, 1930, p. 5*
NEW DENTIST
Gregory Jarounis, a student at the Chicago College of Dental surgery, has received his diploma to zhe joy of all friends and relatives*
He intends to go to Greece and establish himself there • Although we are sorry to see him go, we wish him the best of luck and success*
UI G
The Greek Press. Feb. 12, 1930.
OLD TliffiR.
For over thirty years, Mr. J. P. Bafakos has been in America and a resident of the city of Chicago. He sailed from Sreece on September 15, 1899 and reached Chicago on October 26 •
At the-t time there were 1,500 frreeks in Chicago. Most of their G-reek news WaS obtained from the Atlantis newspaper which was published three times a week. — — — .
Business in Chicago had very few openings for Oreeks or other new-comers. It Was hard to become established. The cost of food, clothing, and shelter was high. This added to the misery of the immigrants Mr. Bafakos solved his problem by raising crops.
"I am more than satisfied with America," he says, "Because she has given me many things I cotild not have acquired in Greece."
I advise the Greek-American youth to honor and hold high the two most wonderful flags in the world- the flags *f America and of Greece."
ftrf Salonlki. Feb. 8, 1930. p. 5 (^BmK
REALIZATION OF HIS DREAM.
Of the thousands upon thousands of Greeks, who came to America with a dream of acquiring some of the wealth of this great country and returning to their native town or village and living a peaceful life, sun-bathing in beautiful and ever-green Greece, very, very, few ever returned to realize the dream of their youth. The rest of the hundreds of thousands, remain here absorbed by the American environment.
One of the rare exceptions who has returned to Greece is John Papaioannou who at the age of thirty five, with his wife and two daughters returned to his native, country, with the definite intention of stayin.^; there. Of course a trip now and then to America waS undisputable. Mr. Papioannou leaves here a good deal of real estate and his wife leaves her mother and brothers. It is^evident that their future visits to America are unavoidable.
We wish Mr. Papioannou and his family a bon voyage and a return visit soon.
Ill G
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CSiEEK
L^ Itoseager d^Ath^nest (Published in Athens) Jan. 15, 1928.
s J
1
THE GREEKS OF CHICAGO i -^ \^p^
An Historical Survey of the Colony in an Anerican Newspaper*
'T- ^-. >
The Chicago Herald and Examiner has published three articles concerning the Greek colony of Chicago* 1)ioy were written by one of the most distinguished members of the colony f Ifr* Peter Lambros, proprietor and editor of the Greek newspaper » the Greek Star*
Ill G - 2 - GREEK , .
La Massager d^Athenast (Published in Athans) Jan. 15 » 1928. \'i j; \
According to tha Amarlcan newspaper » Chicago is the greatest melting-pot in the .^ world* Today there are in this city no less than 450f000 GerxuBinsy 400f000 PoleSf 3OO9OOO Jews, SOOtOOO Irish, SOO^OOO Cxacho-Slovaks, 200,000 Italians, 125,000 Swedes, alioost 95,000 Lithuanians, 56,000 Norwegians, and 50,000 Greeks* How did these 50,000 Greeks come to Chicago? Ur. Lambros tells us«
The first C&reeks arriving in Chicago were merchcmts coming from New Orleans to Fort Dearborn via the Mississippi and the Chicago rivers, about tha year 1840*
Since the early times of old Greece, it has been a tradition for its sons to seek adventures in new countries. Iiq)alled by this spirit, the first Greeks came to Chicago. Although they did not know English, they ware able to sell the products they had brought along-^nnostly furs and fruit.
N
Later they ceune in contact with Italian fruit merchants, whose language they understood quite well. For that reason several of these Greeks at the beginning became fruit merchants*
. 3 - CKEEaC
III G
La MeBsagiir d^Athenes, (Published in Athens) Jan. 15, 1928
\
'y
The first Greek colonists who came to Chicago remained only a month or two. They returned to Greece, where they spoke of Chicago in glowing terms to their friends and relatives. Oh their return they brought several friends and relatives along with th«n. Thus was founded the Greek colony of Chicago.
These first colonists were of course not couplet ely Americanized. From time to time they got homesick and wished to return to their native country*
But as time passed on, they became American citixens through naturalization. Uiey began to assimilate American ideals. The ^irit of Chicago, *! will,*^ became their own, they began to grow with their adoptive city*
One of the Greek pioneers who came to Chicago over seventy years ago and lived on Kinzie street was Captain IBKcolas Pappas, who died recently.
. » ■ iftl^l -^
''^'
III G - 4 « Vif-, bjStEEK
La Maflfl^gjir d'Athenes. (Published in Athens) Jan. 15, 1928*
The first civil narriage in Chicago took place shortly after the Civil War) when Nicolas Brown married a young American lady} Mr. Brown was the proprietor of a beauty parlor* (ifany Greeks on becoming American citizens also change their Greek names, hard to pronounce)*
The Chicago fire of 1871 was an epoch in the history of the Greek colony of this city. This disaster impelled many Greeks to come to Chicago to help rebuild the city* Of those who settled here iifter the fire we must particularly mention Constantino Masters » today a tailor and the oldest Greek pioneer now living, and Christ Chacona. The latter, known by the name of **the Columbus of Sparta,** after the fire encouraged Greek immigrants to come to Chicago* Realizing how great were the possibilities of making money here, he returned to his native village, Tzintzina, near Sparta, and brought back with him to Chicago a great number of relatives. They established themselves as fruit merchants on Lake street) which was then the business center of Chicago*
III G - 5 - '- i, i '1 GREEK
... .. K^r" ■'-.")
La Messagur d*Athene8« (Published in Athens) Jailrir^l5-» 1928.
When the news of their success reached their native village, a new influx of Greeks ensued* In 1882 the Chicago Greek colony nunbered 1,000 persons*
It ±8 a curious fact, but all the first Greek colonists were men. The first Greek woman in Chicago was Ifaae* Peter Pooley^ who came in 1885* She organized in 1885 the Greek-Slavic society , the purpose of which was charity and the maintenance of the ideals of the Greek religion.
About the same time the Lycurgus Society was founded* This society brought to Chicago a Greek priest, the first one to come to America*
ChicagO) with its population of more than 50|000 Greeks, has become the Athens of Greek immigrants*
Ihe Chicago Greeks have their own center, called the Delta^ at Halsted an^l Harrison streets*
in Q - 6 -
L» itoflgager d'Athenes, (Published in Athens) Jan. 15, 1928.
They also have their churches, newspapers, and societies. There are seven Greek churches in Chicago* St. Constantine ' s , Holy Trinity, St. Nicholas's, Assuaption, St. George's, Annunciation, and St. Basil's. The last is the diocesan seat of Bishop Philaretos loannidis.
The Greek press fosters friendly relations between the Greeks and the other nationalities of this cosmopolitan city. It has also helped in teaching modern methods to Greek bnsiness-men.
Chicago has also a great ntunber of Greek associations and clubs. The Ahepa (American Hellenic Educational Progress Association), for instance, has 5,000 members. Its aim, as the name indicates, is to develop Greek-American education.
Throu^out the history of Chicago the Greeks have proved that they are great American patriots.
r ,
f.y
III G - 7 - CaiEEK
La liessager d^Athanest (Publishad in Athens) Jan. 15 ^ 1928«
Thay alvays ramembar tha glorious axampla of Damatrius Ypsilantiy tha ^Greekl!^ Lafayattay**^ vho halpad tha thirtaan colonias In thair fi^t for Indapandanca^^ ., , In tha Span! sh-Amar lean War ovar 500 Graaks fought undar tha Amarican flag* At tha famous battle of Manila Rear Admiral Calyocorassis, a Greek, the right hand of Admiral Daveyi fired the first shot against the Spanish fleet.
In the World War 5,000 Chicago Greeks crossed the ocean and contributed to Americans victory. After the war many of them remained in the American army and navy, and those who returned to civil life formed the Hellenic Post of the American Legion*
In 1897 five hundred Greeks of Chicago crossed the Atlantic to fight for their native land* Again in the Balkan Wars two thousand Chicago Greeks enlisted as volunteers and helped the Grecian arms to win.
*nnien Greek meets Greek, they open a restaurant*^
•
III G • 8 - GREEK
e Mesaagcr d^Athenest (Published In Athens) Jan. 15, 1928.
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This saying originated at the time when the Greeks of Chicago began their business careers in a humble way. At first they sold "^red hots** and '^hot tamal^s** from their carts* These carts soon filled the city. The city council of ^yor Carter H. Harrison then passed an ordinance forbidding the sale of victuals in the streets of the city.
At first the Greek vendors organized themselves in order to oppose the new regulation* But at last they agreed to abandon their carts. All those irtio bjr combining their resources could gather enough money then opened restaurants.
The evolution of the Greek merchants in the fruit , vegetable , and candy business took place in the same manner. They started in little booths. Later they continued in stores. Some even opened new avenues of industry. Thus the first "^soda fountain*^ was steurted by a Greek in the Security Building. Today the Greeks are among the principal owners of restaureints, ice-cream parlors, flower shops 9 and grocery stores.
TTT G •» 9 •• GRKEK
Le Messager d^Athanes, (Published in Athens) Jan. 15, 1928* /^ ^
/ '^
The (Greeks qWI ^ore than 10,000 stores— 500 in the center of the city- representing a monthly rental of oyer $2,500,000* The daily business of these stores is estioated at two million dollars^
Chicago also has over 100 Greek physicians, lawyers, and dentists* In the do- itftin of art we wish to mention the opera singers, Ulysses Lappas and Constantino Nieolaou*
A number of Chicago Greeks are interested in dramatic productions. For instance, Sophodes^s Ajax, in ancient Greek, was successfully presented in Chicago and afterwards in other cities of the United States. The proceeds of this production were devoted *o charity*
The Greeks of Chicago are an energetic and active class. They try to gain the respect of all those with whom they come in contact* Work is their best friend*
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"Liimigration," hestauraiit Keeoers Guide, 190 N. State Street, Chicago, Illinois,
September, 1927,
American citizens who have been naturalized before the 22nd of September, 1922, and were married before that aate, can bring their wives and un- married children under ei^^hteen by merely sending to their families the certificate of naturalization and an affidavit stating that they desire to have their families come to the United States.
Americjm citizens either iiaturalized after the 22nd of Septemoer, 1922, or although naturalized before that aate were marriea after that date, can bring their wives and unmarried children under eighteen by first applying to the Department of Labor on yorm 633 in duplicate.
In thirty days after application the Department will transmit orders to the American Consul at Athens instructing the consul to vise the passoorts of the families of such American citizens, applicants on Form 633.
American citizens who desire to bring tneir fiancees to the United States, if they know to whom they will oe married, should make application as above
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HestaTxrant Keepers Guide^ Sept. 1927.
•xplalnel on iorrc HSZ^ and shoiild go abroad and after manTrlng they should appear before the Aaerican coAsxa of their district and obtain a vise of thm passports of their vires*
UanasTied Aserieaa citizens vfao do not know whom they will marry j.broad, after their enga^^&ttit in Sreeeet can appear before the Ainerican consul at Athens and there make application on Form ooo.
American citisens who for some reason or other do not desire to go to Greece for the purpose of marryinrt can perform their marriage in 7ranca» laplest Italy* or Harana* Cuba. Such American citizens need the following documents.
Firsts American passport.
Seconds Application on Form d33 as explained abort.
Thiirds A certificate from the Greek cfaor^ of their community of the United
States that they are not married in the United States.
Fourths A certificate from the Oreek community in Qreeoe that they are not
married in Qr^wam.
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Restaurant Keepers Gulde^ Sept. 1927.
fifth: A certificate from the Greek comnmity of the fiancee that she is not married in Greece •
Sixtht If the fiancee is under 21 years of age» a certificate froai her parentst or if £ui orphan, from her guardian^ stating that Vie i>arents or the guardian consent to her marriage to the said Anrican citizen, whose name should be stated in the said eertiftcate*
The last three kinds of certificates should he in diqplicate.
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I C THE L'lARCII OF PROGRSSS OF 'IHE GR2SKS OF CHICi\GO
I J Introduction
IV
Although the history of the land known as ♦'the glory that was Greece" dates back three thousand years, the birth of the Greek nation is parallel with the growth of the great city of Chicago* It was but a hundred years ago that Greece was recognized by the world as an independent nation; about the same time, Chicago was placed on the map as a part of the United States.
Notwithstanding the fact that it was Columbus, an Italian, who discovered America, this country is known as the true daughter of ancient Greece, for it has adopted and developed Greek civilization to the point of perfection. The traditional and historical relationship of the two countries was the vital spark that inspired the Greeks to come here and become loyal American citizens. There were half a million Greeks who participated in the great exodus from the motherland.
I was one of those who came to a strange land. Unable to speak English,
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despondent, I caught the ^I Will** spirit of Chicago.
Mien I came here, I sav/ the ruins of the Chicago fire, men with long mus- taches, women with long, trailing skirts; I saw Chicago in its infancy of progress, when there were no movies or automobiles, and when Greek res- taurants and confectioneries were as scarce as v;ere bathtubs in Chicago homes. I remember the masculine hat of the **eighties**, which is today- worn only by comedians; the **toothpick" shoes; fur caps; coats and pants of men worn ridiculously tight. There were no skyscrapers, but only one- and two-story dwellings; Lake Michigan in the summer was devoid of bathers, and even in the winter people were afraid to come near the lake for fear of catching pneumonia. I remember when a phone was a rare luxury in Chicago, when there were no stoves in any of the horse-drawn cars, but only hay on the floor in severe weather. In those days barbers were dentists as well. There were no first-class hotels; there was no electricity, no telephone communication, no bathing beaches, no elevated lines; there were no fancy shops with show windows, no cement sidewalks, and the quickest means of transportation from North Avenue to 39th Street, or from the Loop to ilshlan
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i\3ter. Nov. 11, 1927 • Avenue, was by way of the express wagon.
If Father Dearborn were alive today and could view our beautiful lake front, dotted with magnificent buildings which have emerged from the little dwellings that were once there, he would certainly be a most amazed person. He would see the greatest metropolis of the western states, which sprang from a little village, and the marvelous growth of vjhich was inspired by the •'I V/ill" spirit. Chicago's wondrous development I compare with that of Athens' golden era — the golden age of Pericles, which is so clearly manifested in Chicago today.
Gazing back over the history of Chicago, and forward to a great future for this metropolis, I realize that the Chicago fire and the World's Fair were the two guiding stars that led Chicago to its present stage of development. The Chicago fire was, at the time, a catastrophe, but it was the milestone that made Chicago what it is today.
As Kinzie, La Salle, and Marquette dreamed of Chicago as the city of the future, so did the fifty thousand Greeks who placed their confidence and
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Aster, Nov. 11, 1927. their affection in Chicago.
During the thirty-five years of my residence in Chicago, I participated in Americanization work, having felt that Chicago v/as my home — that Chicago had given me its utmost, and that I would give it mine. As a poet once said, *•! slept and dreamed that life was beauty, I woke and found that life was
duty**.
Though a lonely immigrant when I came here, I have had the pleasure of corre- sponding with presidents of this country — Roosevelt, Harding, V^ilson, and Coolidge — and have participated in many civic movements in my desire to help make Chicago greater and better than I found it. I have had to fight the battles of my fellow Greeks, with whom I have grown in hardship as well as in prosperity.
During the World War, under the auspices of the National Security League, I assisted in organizing the seventy-five different nationalities in Chicagg and, at a patriotic dinner, I had the privilege of speaking from the same
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Aster, Nov, 11, 1927.
platform as Bainbridge Colby, then Secretary of State and President 1/Vilson's spokesman, and Governor F. 0* I^owden. I acted as host to Prince George of Greece, when he visited Chicago; to Bishop Lutas of Zanda, and to Meletios, president of the Holy-Synod, who brought greetings to Chicago from the Venizelos government. I likewise had the pleasure of ex- tending greetings to the Greek ambassadors Coromilas, Russos, and Simopoulos. I headed a committee of fifteen Chicagoans who called on Sleutherios Venizelos to extend him greetings on behalf of Chicago; presented him an album bearing the signatures of hundreds of leading officials, and offered him the Key to the city. I was a host to Prince Paul of Greece on his visit here a few years ago; I entertained him at the Hamilton Club, and spoke at a banquet given in his honor.
I am the author of the article on Pericles and Lincoln, comparing the two great funeral orations; the article was published in a Sunday edition of the ChicagoJIer^^ a few years ago. I spoke on the subject at the
Hamilton Club 'on the birthday of ^The Great iSmancipator", and brought out the fact that it took the world two thousand years to produce another man
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as great as Pericles, in the person of Lincoln, the martyr, whose name is nov/ immortalized by his efforts to preserve the Union and unite the people under one flag.
Pericles' funeral oration and Lincoln's Gettysburg address, both master- pieces in eloquence, stand today as the most idealistic documents there are
on the principles of democracy. It would take the pen of Thucydides, or the poetic talent of Komer, to sing the hymns of the two illustrious cham- pions of the principles of freedom.
The Achievements of Chicago Greeks
A new chapter in my career was occasioned by the fact that a Philhellenic newspaper, the Chicago Herald and Examiner, chose me to write a series of articles, which appeared in its columns on November 4, 5, and 6, 1927; these articles dealt with the achievements of the Greeks, and their contri- bution, from both a patriotic and commercial standpoint, toward a greater Chicago.
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I rejoice over the gro^jvth of our city and the progress achieved by our people, v/ith v/hom I join hearts in saying that we are proud of the fact that we are the descendents of Themistocles and Leonidas. But we are also Americans among Americans and Chicagoans striving tov/ard a greater America, and we are proud to call 'Mashington and Lincoln our own.
Through the courtesy of the Chicago Herald and Examiner, we are reproducing the aforementioned series of articles; vre intend to print them in booklet form, and distribute them free to those interested in the story, "The March of Progress of the Greeks of Chicago.'^
P. S. Lambros
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IV Chicago Herald and Examiner, Nov. 4, 1927
GREAT FIRE IS EPIC IN GREEK HISTORY HERE
Immigrants Aided the Building of a New City, Annals Reveal; P.S. Lamhros Tells of Battle of Greeks to Attain Prosperty
Chicago the world's greatest melting pot.
There are in this city today no fewer thaji 450,000 Germans, 400,000 Poles; 300,000 Jews; 300,000 Irish; 200,000 Czechoslovaks; 200,000 Italians; 125,-: 000, Swedes; approximately 96,000 Lithuanians, 56,000 Norwegians and 50,000 Greeks, including both the foreign and native born of each nationality.
The Herald and Examiner has asked an outstanding leader of a number of the principal nationalities here to write a series of special articles about the contribution of his own race to the development of Chicago. 'I'hese articles appear daily in this newspaper.
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IV Chicago Herald and Examiner, Hov. U, 192?
By Peter S* Laaibros ,
Publisher and Editor of the Greek Star.
The first Greeks who set foot on Chicago were a few pioneer traders who came to Fort Dearhom from New Orleans hy way of the Mississippi and Chicago rivers In the early UO's^
Since the days of Ancient Greece, it had been traditional for her sons to expand and seek adventure in new countries. Greeks built Alexandria in the days of Alexander the Great, and Greeks pioneered in the settle-* ments of Asia Ulnor, Messina, and other important cities dotting the beautiftil Mediterranean coast. Thus it was in the spirit of their ancient traditions that the first Greeks came here seeking new fields of endeavor.
They found that this city afforded them all the advantages of which they had dreamed. Althou^ they were unable to speak the English language, they managed to sell such products as they had brou^t with them-- usually furs and frult«
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CoTild Speak Italian
Later they estaiblished contacts with the Italian fralt merchants here he-* cause they luiderstood the Italian languaee, fairly well, that is how many of them happened to hecome froit merchants in the early days*
The first ftreek settlers who came to CJhica^o remained only for a month or 80* Then they retxumed to Oreece, where they painted a golden word picture for their friends and relatives of Chicago, the city of opportunities* When they came hack to the city they hrou^t hack with them several rela- tives and friends. And thus the foundations of the Greek colony of Chicago were laid«
Of course those pioneer settlers were not Iboroug^y Americanized* Bvery now and then they grew despondent* They had a yearning to return to their native land and live under the beautiful skies of Hellsts*
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Catch Chicago Spirit
But as the days went hy they became American citizens throii^ the channels of nat\2ralisation. They began to assimilate American ideals^ They began to Tuiderstand Chicago's spirit of "I Will." They learned to grow with the great city of their adoption.
One of the Greek pioneers who came orer and settled on Kinzie Street^ more than serenty years ago was C^t. Nicholas Pappas, who died recently ♦ He was very well known and very well liked among the early Greek colonists here»
The first Greek Marriage in Chicago occarred shortly after the Civil Wart when Nicholas Brown, owner of a barber shop which was then on Kinzie St., married an American girl.
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Came After Tire
The great Chicago fire of 1871 was a milestone in the history of the Greek settlement in this city* Tor that terrific disaster encotiraged a large xramher of Greeks to come to Chicago and take part in the work of rehuild- Ing the demolished citj*
Among those who had settled here in the period following the Chicago fire were: Constantino Mitchell , idio lived in Streeterrille and was a great friend of old Capt. Streeter; "Uncle** Thomas Comhiths, whose son, Trank, is now with J» H« White & Co. at the Tnlton market; Constantino Masters, now a tailor in the Beptiblic Biiilding, who is recognized as the oldest living pioneer Creek in Chicago, and Christ Chacona«
Christ Chacona, known as "the Coltunbus of Sparta" ♦ was a tremendous force in encouraging Greek immigrants to come to Chicago after the fire, ffhen he came to this city he saw the money^making possibilities it offered, azid returned to Tzintzina* Sparta, his native town.
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IV Chicago Herald and Exaalaer, Nov. U, 1927
He broti^t back a number of relatlTes with him and they became fruit merchants along Lake Street which was then the business center of Chicago. When news of their success reached their home town, Tsintzinat a new wave of Greeks came over to seek their fortunes in the land of opportunity.
'By 1882, the Qreek settlement of Chicago was a thriving community numbering 1,000 people ♦
Pioneers Were Men
Curiously enou^, all the pioneer Greek settlers in the city were men. The first Greek woman in Chicago was Mrs, Peter Pooler who came here in 1885, She was very active in the Greek community and orgnixed the Greco-^Slavonlan Society in 1892 for the purpose of maintaining a benevolent association for Greeks and keeping alive the ideal of the Greek religion.
About the same time, the Greek Society Lycourgos was founded. It arranged to bring to Chicago the Eev, Peter Phiambolis, He was the first Greek priest in America and he officiated as pastor of the first Greek church here, which was then at 60 W. Kinsie St,
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IV Chi Cairo Herald axxfl "K^am^r^^t^y Not. U, 1927
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In that period the Greeks of Chlca^ fottnd two great f ri ends-**-- Jane Addaas and Major Carter E« Harrison* Jane Addaas opened to the Greeks the doors of Hxdl House which helped them tremendously with their problems, as they were becoming Americanized,
Visit ed By Prince
Carter H, Haxrison had trareled throu^ Greece, particularly Sparta, in 1883 and when he rettumed to Chicago he gave the Greeks, here, a welcoming hand of enconragement which they nerer have forgotten.
In recent years, two outstanding events in the history of Chicago *8 Greeks were the visit of Sleutherios Tenizelos, famous Greek diplomat, in October, 1921 ; and the visit of ^rince Paul of Greece two years ago*
Mr. Teniselos, who w£U3 termed by the late President Wilson as *'one of the greatest men at the peace conference**, made a tour of the Greek churches during his stcgr in Chicago* He was escorted by the Hellenic Post of the American Legion.
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At a banquet given in his honor hy the Greek community of Chicago* Prince Paul heard stich leading Chicagoans as Urs. Jacoh Baur^ Mrs. J. Haailton Lewis, Jtidge John F. UcQoorty, Judge Henry B. Miller and the late Patrick H, L'Donnell proclaim the Greek community of Chicago a credit to the dty.
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SALONIKI . July 10. 1926 Greek News.
Page 11, Tor the information of all concerned; the Greek government enacted a law taxing all Greek subjects leaving Greece for ahroad, as follows:
Men would pay five poimds (Sterling); women, ten pounds; children, three. Exceptions to this tax are made for those who are ill and go abroad for treatments; for those who live abroad; for students without means, and for special delegations.
Those who avoid payment of the tax, are taxed ten times the stipu- lated amount, when they return.
(Full)
GBBEEK
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SALONIKI, January l6. 1926
At the Fire Place.
Hot very loAg ago an important looking envelop containing a letter was de* liyered to me 1)7 the mailman* I recognized the signature » at the bottom of the letter, as that of one of Wf Greek subscribers. The contents of the brief let- ter irritated me, but it was my duty as a publisher to gratify the wish of ny fellow Greek.
How can I answer the question asked, was a real problem for me for this reason, I went to seek the adrice of a friend of mine who is known as a Greek philospher. When I arrived at his home, I knocked at his door with the head of Biy cane. The door was opened by the Greek Philosopher's attendant, and I found the wise man sitting by the fire place. \kj anxiety to find an answer to the question in the letter urged me to be brief and to the point. He read the letter, and commanded me to take notations of his answer. In a few minutes, thanks to vy knowledge of shorthand, I pocketed an answer.
Uy. return to the office was rewarded with further success. )fy secretary^ knowing in advance that my mission to the Greek Philosopher would be successful, was waiting for the answer to prepare it for publication.
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SALONIKI , Ja&uar7 l6, 1926
The next dagr we read the letter of the subscriber and the answer of the Philosopher*
The question in the letter: "Why are the Greeks scattered all over the Globe?" The answer of the Philosopher: "Uankind was created in the Tropics • Paradise is not a ogrth, but a reality; the sociologists admit that today. Para- dise was a place of green regetation, beauty and color^ with a mild climate* Our departure from Paradise is owed to the discovery of fire. With fire Man could survive under any climate and with fire, Man was able to eat what he wanted. "
"We may correct the Jewish Bible a little in one place* Man was not put out of Paradise, as the Jewish Bible tells us, he left himself*"
"Having fire, Man had the worlds With the torch in his hand, Man left Paradise to see and conquer the World"
"It would have been a terrible thing for Man if he would have been compelled to stay in Paradise in one environment, to eat only raw fruit and vegetables*
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SALOHIKI . Jamaaiy I6. I926
Hxuaanltj in Paradise would have died from aonotoDy, from lining in the same clin- ic, in the same environment all the time, eating the same food, etc. ^he Tropi** cal Paradise woiild not have been large enois^^ to accooiodate the multiplying Sons of Zre, who would have heen so numerous that no standing place could have been found for them« It would have been ioipossible to solve the problem of an over<- populeus Paradise, Therefore, it was necessary for them to leave Paradise in order to perpetuate life. What a pity, if humanity in Paradise, would have been compelled to find itself, year after year, century after century, with only fruits and vegetables to eat.^
Eating raw vegetables and fruit, our organic system eventually woTild have been similar to cows and sheep and eventually we would have proceeded milk from some part of our body. Thank' goodness, we left Paradise.*'
"If Man hadnH left Paradise it would have been ioipossible for us to be eat- ing chestnuts and drinking Qreek brandy this minute; while Nick, the Greek cook, is preparing nice Juicy, tender, lamb chops, asparagus tips with mayonaise and custard pudding for our further enjoyment. The departure from Paradise with the torch in hand, made Man today, omnivorous."
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"After all," I said, "I wonder how in the name of Jtapiter, maxiklnd todaj" — hlat l^la, some more al)out the xnyth of Bve, the apple, the snake, the sin, and the fall of Man*
"What a pity for those who can not think," said the philosopher. 1^ dear Greek Publisher, in epitomizing we see that the Man was not chased out of Para- dise, hut he left after he had fire, and went out to conquer the world and did conquer it. So the Greeks liring in Paradise-like environment, and helng fed XQ) and tired of that same old place, with its same old education, arts, culture, and ciTilization, not heisg able to live in hounded Greece, took the torch of all these Virtues in hand,, and went to the four corners of the Earth to conquer the world. That is why the Greeks are scattered all OTsr the GloVe«"
"How, my dear and esteemed Publisher, after eating those juicy lamb chops, would you like to have a demitass? Hot "a la' Paradise, of course."
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IT UtTary Di»gt. May IT, 1924, in th»
Scrmobook . pt 144, of Mr* P. S. LaunbroSf 130 n. W#llt, It,, Chioago, Illinois*
OOR FOREIGN UmOAOX PRESS ON IIOIIGRATION.
Aaong tho Grook nevspapors wo find an intorosting opinion sot forth by tho oditor of tho Ghieago Grook Star* who sayst "Vo aro in full aoeord with tho opinion of somo of tho officials at lashington that soloction of admissiblo immigrants should bo mado abroad and not horo, thus obviating unnocossary oxponso for trips to How Torkf troublo for tho immigration authoritios, and tho unploasantnoss now ojqporioncod by somo unfortunato alions who after landing on Ellis Island aro not pormittod to ontor America and become part of this great country, where millions of men, women, and children hare found home, work, and protection under the American flag*
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IV Scrapbook^ p. 144, of tfr. P. S. luibros.
**ln 80leeting imalgrantB abr<Mid the authorities should not be influenced in any way by politicians, and those who are selected should be healthy and sane and willing to contribute their share to Greater Aaerica*
**1he Ibited States is a country of three million square idles, and in such an area niUions of people from Xurope can be absorbed and perform useful labor for the benefit of all concerned.
"^Ve believe that preference should not be given to the northern races because we feel that irtien selective immigration is employed, an equally good selection can be made among the races of the South*
•To our mm people, the Greeks, America can offer no objection, for the Greeks have contributed largely to literature, to science, and to business, and their patriotism during ths war has proved them to be 100 per cent loyal«
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H^ ^ ^ May 17, 1924. ^
Vr Scrapbook . p. JL44, of Ur. P. S. Lambros*
^% are also in favor of fixing tho admission quota at 3 per cent or orery and when we hare selected immigrationy we shall undoubtedly hare selected AfflericanSf and they will prove Just as faithful to the land of their adoption as these who landed on Anerican soil years ago and are now part of this great commonwealth*^
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greek:
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aRZIXS CPPCS^ Ii.:."IJilA:T SAR
TC VOT": A'JAIrST 1390 BASIS 05^ E^ITHY
SIJIID RESCLlTi'I'-r^S AID BRI-^FS
G-reek residents of Chicago have -orotested against the ^orooosal iiu migra- tion "bill -oending in Con^^^Tess. A resolution and a brief hava been -olaced in the hands of Illinois senators and congressmen. If Congress ado-ots the ne\: lav/, Oree> imini,,ration to this country will be practically pro- hibited.
The -olea for defeat of t-ie pending measure chiefly is international family ties. It is contender, that under the noroposed act only 206 Gree-rs could enter the coiintry eacVi year, based on the quota of 1890, which
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v;ould be adoioted as a standard. The result v/ould be the disunion of families, the heads of v/hich h^ve come to the United States intendin to send later to the ...otherland for their v/ives, oarentn, children, minor brothers and sisters or various dependents.
The Ara-rican association of the Greek Community of Chicago has voiced the "olea of these naturalized Ams-ricans in a resolution v/hich it has sent to Senators Lcl.inley and ilcCormick and to all Illinois con/?;ressmen. Attorney Pa.ul Demos, coresident of the association, preoared the brief that accom-^anied the resolution.
Based on the belief that con,:;ress is not oroperly informed as to the class anci character of Greeic immi.g:rants to the .aiited States, the brief sets fort'i facts pjia fij^^res v;hich tend to shov; the Hellenic newcomer as a high desirable alien.
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In 1920 forei/;^n-born Greeks in Ohicc^o mmbered 11,546, the total number in the United States, 212, c30.
Accordin.1,- to the brief, in 19':2 a total of 5,809 immigrant and non-immi- grant Greeks arrived in the United States, v/hile 8,562 e^^d^rciat and non- emigrant departed, resulting* in a net decrea.se in the Gre-^el: population of the United St.-tes of 4,873.
In its resolution the association declares:
"*.'e believe in the restriction of in. ii;p;ration, but sincerely insist tliat the -orovisions of the new irnriiirration bill -orovidinq- for admission on a. basis of 2 oer cent of the foreifcn citizens of epxli co^ontrv here in 1690 is discriminatory against the Greeks, because in 1890 t?iere v-ere very fev; Greeks in this country."
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In his "brief, Attorney Demos sets fort.i:
"The Greeks in the United States are extremely law abiding. There is absolutely no socialism, bolshevisLi, or comiininism ajaon;^; theii, not a sinj;^-le society existing in the United States."
Of the 4,177 G-reeks v/ho arrived in 192o, 3,394 ca-.:e to the United States to join relatives, the brief ooints out. Of trie 2,703 v;oiaen among them, 1,569 v/ere single, betv/een 16 and 29 years old. GoncerniUi- these. Attor- ney Demos, declares:
"It is a well-kno^Yn fact and a m'-.tter that should be brought to the attention of the legislative and immigration authorities that the Greek girls who caxie into this country do nob engage in any v/ork or business exce"ot that of kee-oing iiouse for their relatives, who sup-oort them."
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. IBS >,a Miscellaneous Ifeiterialy (Resolution and Brief),
* IV In Possession of lir. Paul Demos,
IS 160 N. LaSalle St. Chicago, 111.
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Miscellaneous Material, (Resolution and Brief)
RESOLUTION
Whereas, it has come to the attention of the American Association of the Greek Community of Chicago, that there is now pending in Congress, legislation which, if passed, will practically result in the prevention of Greek immigration to this country; and,
Whereas, we do not believe that Congress is properly informed as to the situation in America, with reference to its population of Greek Americans Citizens, and the class and character of imiiigra- tion which is taking place from Greece to the United States; therefore,
Ba it resolved. That we unanimously pass the following resolution, and that a cooy of same together with a brief, setting up the facts with reference to Greek immigration, be forwarded to the Hon# Henry R. Rathbone, Congressman at large from Illinois, requesting that he present the same to the proper committees in Congress t
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-3- Jan. 28, 1924. 2SS^
Uiscellaneous Material, (Resolution and Brief)
And be it further resolved, That copies of said brief and resolution be also forwarded to all Illinois Senators and Congressioan.
The American Association of the Greek Community of Chicago, in meeting assembled unainmously resolves
We do not believe in an open door imigration policy. We are firmly against it and we sincerely believe that the immigration laws should be enforced more rigidly ad that there should be a stop to hundreds of aliens who come in monthly through other cheuinels than those prescribed by the Immigration Department. We believe that those people who came in as stowaways and by '^human smugglers^ are not the kind of people tLat we want in this country. Such people are undesirabJe who have been expelled from their own native country and they come into the United States to spread their unpatriotic propaganda.
I
in 0
III B "• ,
I B 3 a Ui8cellan6ou8 Materialt (Resolution and Brief) » IT In Poeeeeion of Ur. Paul DemoSt
IS 160 N. LaSalle St. Chicago* 111
III C January 28, 1924.
Ill D
II JL 2 We believet howerer, in uniting families and that inerican
I B 3 b citisene should he able to hring orer to this countryt their I B 3 e wiyes» children and parents, their sisters, if single or widowst I D 2 c their fiances and their brothers if they are less than twenty I K one years of age«
I E
We f\irther believe that those aliens who have come into this country in good faith and have declaured their intention to become American citisens, should be able to bring over to this country, their wives and children. We also believe that the law which was passed in September, 192?, allowing an American woman to retain her citisenship after she married an alien and denying citisenship to an alien woman who married an American, shotild be repealed*
•5-
jjj Q Jan. 28, 1924.
Miscellaneous Uaterlalt (Resolution and Brief) O^SEEX,
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the Idea that faailies na^d not have common nationality* is a{;edn8t the laws ol nature and against the laws of civilization. It is preposterous to think than an American citisen who has married an Inglish woman should go to the British Govenunent and ask for pro«> tection for his wife*
Ve believe in the restriction of immigration but sincerely- insist that the provisions in the New Immigration Bill providing for admission on a basis of two per cent of the foreign citizens of each coimtry here in 1890 is discriminatory against the Greeks* because in 1890, there were very few Greeks in this country. The Greeks began to come to this country after 1890 and in the short time they have been here they have made wonderful progress as patriotic Aaeriean citizens, and have shown that they are an asset to our American citizenship.
Paul Demos, President.
George f. Prassas,Sec*
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**" Jan* 28, 1924 • III (J Miscellaneous Materialt (Resolution and Brief)
BRIEF
The following is the brief submitted by Mr. Paul Demos, attorney at law, in accordance with the above resolution, of the American Association of the Oreek Community of Chicago:
The number of foreign born Greeks in Chicago, in 1930, was llt546t the total number in the United States 212,338, of which nearly 100,000 emigrated to this country since 1910.
In 1922t a total of 3,809 immigrant and non-Immigrant Greeks arrived in this coimtry, while 8,682 immigrant and non-immigrant departed, leaving a net decrease in the Greek poptilation of the United States of 4,873.
In 1923, 3,605 were admitted and 3,351 departed, leaving a net increase of 254. This tabulation is by country of last permanent residence.
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-7-
jBoa, 28, 1924.
Miscellaneous Material, (Resolution and Brief)
In 1923, the net increase of Greeks from all over the world, arriving in the United States was 1,326.
Of the 4,177 Greeks arriving in the United States in 1923 from all eotmtries, 1,474 were males and 2,703 were females. Those under sixteen years of age numbered 609 and those over forty^ five years of age numbered 440, thus showing that nearly twenty* five per cent were tuider sixteen years of age and over forty-five years of age. Two thousand four hundred forty- two paid their own passage, 1,547 had their, passage paid by relatives and 188 had their passaged paid by other than friend or relative. Three thousand three hundred ninety-four came here to Join their relatives, five hundred seventy-nine came over to Join their friends, meaning In many instances that they were females coming here to marry. Only 204 were not going to Join relatives or friends. One thousand five hundred sixty-nine were single females from 16 to 29 years old and 140 were single females from 30 to 44 years old.
III 0 •8* GBEEK
TtTb 1 ^ .
I B 3 ;a Miscellaneous Materialt (Hesolutlon and Brief;
IV Jan. 28, 1924. ..,,., v
IB As to occupation, 135 were professionals; 345 were skilled laoorers;
III C 249 ordinary laborers and 198 merchants and dealers. The balance III D either had no occupation and included 1,653 servants which of course
II A 2 means women and children.
I B 3 b
IB3c It is a well Imown fact, and a matter that shoixld be brouffit to the I D 2 c attention of the proper legislative and Immigration authorities that I K the Greek girls that come into this country do not engage in any work I H or business except, perhaps, that of keeping house for their father,
brothers or other relatives. They are being supported by their relatives until they marry, for which purpose they come into this country, thus they do not take any employment away from the people residing in this country, but, on the contrary, they make it possible to provide work for the unemployed in the various Industries, because when they marry, their husbands open up a home, buy furniture and clothing, etc.
-9-
I a ^^^^ 2^> 1924* aHBEK
lll8cellan6ou8 Uaterlal, (Resolution and Brief)t '
It is also a fact that the Greeks^ more so than anjr other nationality^ throu^ family and religious ties are obligated to supported their families^ that is» their parents^ their sisters and their minor brothers and in many instances, they sacrifice even their own future welfare for them.
How is it not better for the American Greeks to spend their money in this country haying their families Join them here, than send the money over to the old countzy to support themT
Zhe Greeks in the United States are extremely law abiding. They are all very religious, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. There is absolutely no socialism or bolshevism or communism among them, not a single society existing in the United States.
▲ great proportion of the Greeks in America Joined the American Army, perhaps a larger proportion than any other racial group by reason of the fact that the greater part of their population consisted of males* Th^ made good soldiers and great numbers were, by reason of their
army service, made Americeui citizens*
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-10-
Jan. 28, 1924.
OEEEK
Miscellaxieous Material » (Resolution and Brief)
One of the largestt and one of the first American Legion posts to
be organized in Chicago was the Hellenic Post, consisting of American
citizens of Greek descent*
Their occupation is generally that of a merchant* It is a well known fact in Chicago that the Greeks here have done a great deal towards the improvement of real estate* Ihej have gone extensively in the business of buying and developing comers in idiich their business is conducted and have greatly enhanced surrounding real estate* There is no question but what persons investing in business and residence real estate make the best of citizens*
Chicago owes some of its finest ballrooms, theatrest buildings, facto- ries, restaurants, confectionery stores, office buildings, residences and stores, to the genius, perseverance and financial offerings of its citizens of Greek descent* In proportion to their numbers as compared with other nationals, no other racial group, it can safely be stated, has done more towards advancing not only the material but the ideal- istic interests of the city, the state and the nation, in the short
time that they have been in this country*
Respectfully submitted, Paul Demos, Attomey-at-Law Chicago, Ill#
Ill G
GREaSK
Saloniki , Oct. 27, 1923*
IMMIGRATION NEWS;
CERTIFICATION REQJJIRED FOR RELATIVES IfflSO WISH TO COME TO A!ffiRICA
It is a well-known fact that: the immigration law, was ratified for two years only, and it expires June 30, 1924. When Congress opens its session, aroTind December 4, 1923, the revision of the present immigration law will be discussed, and we can surely foresee the introduction of a new law*
It is also well-known that the certificates for incoming relatives, to be valid, must not be older than six months. Therefore, if the present law is not in force in 1924, if a new law is enacted^ all certificates which have been issued up until to-day, or which shall be issued until the introduction of the new immigration law, that is until the beginning of January, 1924, will be void for the immigration period of 1924* ^j
All Certificates for 1924 must be made up after the introduction of the \^,l ^'^, -^%
-"^•^
i
III G - 2 - ORTiCK
SaJLoniki, Oct. 27, 1923. new law, that is after January, 1924. The certificates that are now being made for 1924 will be completely void
The formalities required for the certificates of 1924 x'/ill be entirely different from those required for the present immigration.
N. I. Kassavetes
23 Washington Street,
New York City.
Ill G GREEK
II E 2
III H
WPA(lLi.)PROi. 30275
Saloniklt M^r* 24f 1923#
THE LATEST INFORMATION FOR THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN BRINGING THEIR RELATIVES
TO AMERICA
p« 2* In order to bring relatives to America« one must know these rules*
Pirstf they must be equipped with American certificates and a copy of their first or second citizenship papers*
Second* the Greek emigration law permits any Greek citizen to emigrate except those who are fourteen years old or older and have not yet performed military service* In many cases even these may emigrate* provided that they bond thenn
selves*
*
Third* the Greek emigration law requires that women and children under sixteen years of age not escorted by adult male relatives shall be equipped with certifi- cates from a Greek Consulate in Americti^
Ill G -2- GREEK
II E 2
III H
WA (ILL) pro; J02>§
Salonlklt Mar. 24t 1923.
Certificates from a Greek Consulate are not requisite for Greek refugees nor for adult male Greek citizens nor for Greek women and children accompanied by adult male relatives*
The Greek Consular certificates cost $18«75 for free Greek citizens. Greek refu- gees do not need certificates, but if they desire Greek certificates they should not pay more that $3«90 each since Greek Consuls issue certificates to Greek refu« gees for this reduced fee*
Many profiteers collect $18«75 each from refugees and pay the Greek Consul only $3* 90*
American citizens pay only $3*90 for a certificate from a Greek Consul* Greek citizens irtio pay $18*75 awst also demand naturalization certificates of those to nhom they pay the above mentioned fee and they themselves should send these cer- tificates to Greece*
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II E 2
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Salonlklt Mar* 24f 1923*
vi?Ai:iu.?ROjJ^<;?^
Some persons collect $18»75 or $3^90 €Uid promise to relieve those Mrho pay for the certificates of the trouble of sending them, and then many times they fail to send the certificates bought for a refugee citizen although they have collected $3*90; many times also they collect $18*75 and deceive the Consul by asking for a refugee^a certificate paying only $3*90 and thereafter erasing the name euad the birth place of a free Greek citizen*
In this nay they deprive the Consulate of $14* 85 and they likewise deprive the citi* zen of 1£Lb three years naturalization certificate* If a citizen who has been thus defrauded requires the services of the Consulate, he has to pay another fee of $18*75 irtiereas if he had the naturalization certificate for irhich he has paid, no second payment would be required*
The American certificates are good for only six months* Those who acquired their certificates prior to December 7f 1922, must get new certificates and send them to Greece to be forwarded to the nearest American Consul*
IIJ- G
GRjSK
Saloniki> liar. 3, 1923.
i!.:.:iGRA:rioN mus.
WPA(iLL)PROj,3C2/^
A Communico.tion From the Lilitary Department.
In reply to our letter the secretary of that division of the State Department which attends to the certification of passports was pleased to giveus the fol- lowing clear and important information for those who are interested in bringing their relatives to America* Kr. J. Preston Dov/den's letter follov/s:
'^/ashington, D. C. February 20, 1923.
"LIr. Nickolaos J. Kassavetis, 21 ^/ashington Street, New York, N. Y. '
**Dear Sir:
"The department received your letter dated February 7, 1923, with its inclosure, according to which you wish to received definite instructions in regard to the immigration of Greeks to the United States. Your inquiries are answered as
Ill g - 2 • QBEEK
Salcniki, liar, 3, 1923.
W?A (ILL.) ?ROj, 3C2/t) f ollov/s :
"First, persons in this country should advise their relatives in foreign countries that they must first approach the American Consul and present their passports for certification, submitting to him the certificates in their possession.
••Second, American Consuls as a general rule begin to certify passports about June 1st for admission to the United States after July 1st. In regard to your inquiring as to whether prospective immigrants should appear person- ally before the consul to submit their identification certificates or whether they should mail them inclosing a dollar, we beg to say that they may mail their requests to the consul for appointments; they must then appear at the proper time to have their passports certified, but they should not send money by mail.
•^hird, American consuls -.vill inform by mail those who request them to do so v/hen they must appear for the certification of their passports. V/e recomr- mend that those persons in foreign countries who wish to come to the United States shall inquire of the nearest /traerican consul about the certification of their passports in order to gain admission to this country after July 1st, 1923
Ill G - 3 - QRZ5K
Saloniki, Mar. 3, 1923.
WPA (ILL.) PRO J - 302/b
The consul will give them full infomation. Snclosed you v/ill also find a circular which explains how a passport is certified.
Very truly yours,
J. Preston Doden, Under-Secretary of State. '*
GBEEK
III g Salonikl. Jan. 13. 1923. ViPMilU PROJ.3C275
III A
I C INTERESTING IKPOIU\!ATION
(Advertisement)
Those who wish to "become American citizens and find difficulty in ohtaining wit- nesses, etc., may apply to the Yoiing Men's Christian Association of Chicago, 1515 West Monroe Street.
There you will receive the necessary instruction and advice free of charge, and you will also be furnished with all possible assistance to facilitate your acquisition of American citizenship*
Ill G
GR3EK -■■'
Chicago Connerce, Apr. 29, 1922, in the Scrapbook, p. 114, of Mr. P. 3. Lambros, 130 N. 7;ells St., Chicago, 111.
70h::igi: prsss coiijtss on A].iSRic/i:n:zA?icn
I an fortunate to be able tc clas^-* myself ariiong those millions -fho dreamed of the land of liberty and 02:>portianity, and I can say ohat i.iy dreams carae true. As soon as I arrived in the land of promise, seeking novj fields of labor as a stran^;er ar.iong str^ingers, I realized that being welcome in the canrion'vvealth of equality, I could be an Ariorican, too, by doing as the Americans did, iinerica v/as my dream, and Americanism was my inspiration. Long, long before "Americanization" had become a v/ord so fre^^uently on our lips, I T/as av/are of my dxxty to my adopted country. I have alv/ays felt proud to be an American among Americans, but I believe that an ^umerican is not the man who merely calls liimself an American but he v;ho "follov/s the flag and keeps step to the music.
To pronote the objects of the ::ork of Ai.ericanization v/hich you and vie have undertaken, I propose th^at the Association shall assign a place to the editors of the foreign-language press on the program of the v:ays and means committee.
«>
GR.EK '^ ^
III G
Chicago Greek Dailvt Sept, I9f 1921. WH.\T*£ V.liAT— OUR .UiloTOCIUTIC CRIGIII.
"I have something to a^k you," an American acquaijitance of mine said to me the
other day.
"I'm listening," said I.
"Do you have any titles in Greece?"
"Of course we have." said I. pretending not to ^et tne point. "If you- look over
our newspapers and periodicals, for example, you will see The vidni/:ht_Zeim^ and
this note: 'The Soundest Paper in News and -ditoriuls'. In otners you will find
The Morning Star, and farther down. 'The Greatest Greek newspaper in the ^-orid»'."
"No, no! I do not nean 'chat. V/hat I mean is whether you have -.ar^aises, dukes,
harons, etc."
"No, we have nc* those, hut we have legates, metropolitan-, bishops, ambassadors,
and quite a crop of princes every year. All these, however, bear no titles. They
are rather degrees of rank."
"Tell me the truth," said he, impatiently, "I am somehow confused about it."
"My friend." said I, "I am telling you the naked truth. V/nat is the matter with
vou?"
-2-
u-4li.ji.jK
Chictxj o Greek Dailvt ."ept> I9, 1921,
He stood there for a moment, very thoughtful.
"Here is what is the matter," he said. "I have a bad habit of asking all aliens about their origin. Among them txiere are many Greek, net t/.at there are so many of you here, but you are found in all parts of the countr . 'Tell, seldom have I talked with a Greek who did not tell me that he belonged to a noble family and bore some sort of noble title. Here, just the other day, a bootblack as he finished shining my shoes, and I was ready to leave, gave a sigh that seemed to come from the very bottom of his heart. I surmised that he was sighing for a tip, and so I ha^ ^ened to offer him something, but it had no effect. "•You must be working hard nowadays, • I said to him.
"He shook his head despairingly. "'If you only knew what I was in Greece.' "'i\ nobleman, I guess.* "•Something more*' " '^JiThat? •
" 'A baron's soul '
"•But then why ala you come to America?'
"'It was because my father was pro-Venizaliat, and v;e were persecuted by the Roy- alists;'
-3- GREEK
Chicago Greek Daily, Tept. 19, 1^21^
"I expressed my sympathy for him end left,
"From there I went to a restaurant—Greeks aj^ain. The v/tiit^r b.^ou^nt me soup.
Noticing that his apron was dirt/, I asked.
^ •;'/ hy don't you ask your boss for a clean apron?'
"•'.Vnom, ' suid xie, 'tnat fellow with the "big moustaciie? Tuut dumbbell!'
"•Yes,' said I, 'I i^uppose he is your boss.^
" ''.Yhat can you tell him about cleanliness? He was a shepherd in Greece?'
" 'V/hat was your occupation in Greece?' I asked.
"•I was a marquis' Lon, • he replied.
"I made a gesture of oistonlchment that almo.'^t gave me a coup bath.
"'You, a marquis' son?' I blurted.
"'Yes, sir, a marquis' son, and the only child in the family besides.'
"'And to what do we owe your visit to Ameirica then?'
"'Our great family, being Royalists, was persecuted by the Venizelirts. Now, how-
ever, I have received a letter from King Constantine himself, and I shall hasten
back to secure some position.'
"I finished my lunch and left, but for my appetite's L;ake I stopped to get some
-4- GR^'ZX
Ciiicu-/-o Greek Daily, Zept. I9, I92I.
peanuts from a vendor v/ith a push-cart, and I asked him for fun: "•You are a Greek, no doubt?* ** •Yes, • said he.
"•You have noble features,' said I. 'You must cone of a noble family.* "'You mean me, sir? How can I tell youl Lly great-^randf a-ther was a general. All Turkey trembled in its boots before him* If h5 were alive today, with ten h'ave nen he would have routed ten Kemal Pashas to God knows v/here. Do you see how this pop- corn drops from the machine? That's how Turks' heads used to fall unier his saber,* "And so I have come to believe that you Greeks are a race of self-conceited individ- ual s#"
"•Yfe must have our reasons for being so, • said I to the American, wno laughed and went on.
"•I shall never forget one of your fellow-countrymen wno tola ae tuut a great-grund- father of his had been a Patriarch, and when ne realized taat ne nad g.one too far, he hastened to add that patriarchs used to get ;aarried in tnose days. And so the majority of the Greeks v;hom I interrogated plied me witn falseaoods. Tney told me that they were sons of mayors, ministers, or dukes, or that they were heirs to vine- yards or olive groves. They even drew on taeir ima^ in&tion to describe tne dimen-
-5-
Uj
r,p'
REEK
O !
ChicaFo Greek Dally> Sept, 19, 1921.
sions of plantations of various kinds to v/hich they v/ere heirs."
!!And you believed all that, at least at first."
"Almost everything at first, but there is a limit to lay credulity."
"Galia (gullible)!"
"\7hat does that mean?"
"Make a note of it and ask the first baron yon nieetl"
p. A. Ilronopoulos
Ill G III II I G
GREiii:
Saloniki, July 16, 1921,
EJUSIIIJSS .vIID .aiLlliajIISLI
V;e once net a Greek man v/lio Lad worked hard and saved his i.ioney in order that he ni^ht be able to return to Greece v;hen he had c^ovm old. He v;as fifty years old, xvhen he lei't .jierica to return to his fatherland, ./ithin six months this inan had returned to .juerica. ..hen askeu for the reason for his return, he said, "It is not the sane. The houses and fields are all the sane, but the people are different; the ones I knev/ are all {^one. Soon I found nyself lonely, and nissin^ the .aae.ican ivay of life."
VJhen asked v/hat he intended to do, he said, "I an coing to do v/hat I should have done years a{To. I an ^zoinB to become an American citizen. I an also going to invest i.iy i.ioney in sound securities, and become a good citizen of the country in v/hich I nave lived for so long."
This has not happened in just one instance, but in hundreds of cases; not only to Greeks, but to all nationalities. The best thing to do is to
♦ -v
III G
III II I C
G-R22K
Salonilci , Jul^^ 16, 1921.
invest in covornraent securities and bocone citizens of this coimtry.
The Bible says: "?or v;here your treasure is, there v/ill your heart be also.-'
••■1^
WEJBK
\-t
III G ;^ Salonikl . May 21, 1921.
NEW DffiUaiATIQN LAWS OF UNITED STATES
A few days ago a law was passed in the United States Senate limiting the entrance of inualgrants to three per cent of the present number of each nationality* In 1910 the number of Greeks in the United States was 175, 000*
Approximately the same number of Greeks will be allowed to enter between July, 1921 and July, 1922 as came in 1825.
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Saloniki, Sept. SO, 1919.
HSLLS'ISi: I!T iU-SRICA
By
Dr, 31. Sclopoulos
c":
c:
•X,
»
?ror.i the tine of the discovery of /jnerica, Lien from all nations v:ith ^.
enevQY cmd En.bition, loving liberty and adventure, fleeing- from the politi- cal and religious tyranny of iJuropo, rien ,:ith scientific or artistic r/iinds, Puritans, Quakers, and Kuf^uenots arrived in this country and Uiilt this great Republic and the Anerican nation v-lth the finest qualities of the foreign nations.
And nov;, v;e belong to the sa:v:e great faiiily of Uncle Sniii; vie live under the Ai:ierican flag, the synbol of liberty and justice. \]e nust be united and re- spect each other, and obey the lav/s for the hap:.:ines3 of all, raid for the greatness, prosperity, and glory of this country.
I
Ill g - 2 - CrPJEZ
II A 2
III F Salon! ki> Sept, 20, 1919. Ill D
III H Demosthenes said, ^'VJho is the enem-y of the City? It is the man who
I J does not speak the tinith,"
I G
I C The Constitution of the United States is ideal, but there are seme
laws that cannot be considered as ideal. Ilavever, if there are bad laws, it is up to us tc change those laws. If thei^ are laws for the bene- fit of one cla^-, it is up to us to chan;;^e the::; for the benefit of all classes. If there are lav/nalcers v/ho do not v/ish to chanf^e these lav/s, \m raust change the lav/makers. V.'e have tlie right to vote, and we nust use our votes to select the best man fcr every office. S.olon, the Athenian lai^nnaker , said, ^*The man v;ho does not vote must be considered as a nan v.^ithout honor."
Greek immigration is the nev/est and the oldest. The great philosopher, Pythagoras, v;ho lived in Greece 2,500 years ago, v;as the first man v;ho dis- covered that the earth is round. This theory v;as accepted hy Plato and Aris- totle and v;as v;ell knovm in Greece for centuries. V/hen the educated Greeks
Ill G - 3 - GRSSK
Saloniki, Sept, 20, 1919 •
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left Constantinople on accou:]t of the Turkish con:;uest in 1453 A.D., and settled in different cities of jrance and Ital^;, they revived the Greek civilization and vroducod the Zuropean Renaissance, /inong the precious knov/led^^e they offered in that time, they pronul£;ated also the Grecian theory'' about the sphericity of the earth. Colur.ibus took ^^^ advantaf^e of this theory and discovered iuv.erica.
About ten years a::::o, I read a very important article concerning a discovery in South America by ^'Uiierican archeolocists. They had discovered a number of graves and skeletons of .giants. T::e graves v;ere of Grecian style v;ith square stones. On these graves they found, in Greek letters, the follov/i. g words; "Alexander, "^he rling^s Soldiers. •» "HYie archeologists have not as yet fcund any solution of this great nystery. ITov; did the soldiers of ;j.exander the Great happen to be buried in America?
Thinking of this discover^^ and reading Gre-5k history, I cane to the conclusion
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Saloniki, Gept. SO, 1919.
GREEK
that Yjhen /ilexander arrived in India, his fleet was accompanying his aimy around India* History tells us that the fleet of Alexander suffer- ed a great loss fron ston^is, and pos::Ubly frai a tornado. It is prob- able that one of the boats talzed by the stom passed the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and arrived on the shores of South J^jnei^ica. There, the first sailors './ho died -.rere buried, accordinr;; to tho Greek custon and religion, and honored by Grecian r^raves. If my explanation is correct, the Greeks discovered America 2,500 years ago*
In the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries, a fev; Greeks ar- rived in ATierica and the -.lajority of thein have a splendid career in letters, science, and the navy.
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III ? Saloniki, Sept. 20, 1919. 3
III D C
III H Greek immigration began about tv/enty-five years ago, and v;e nov; have .:^? I J about 400,000 Greeks in America. V/e helped to build the railroads t
I G and the ijnerican industries. Many thousands of Greeks are eiaploy- o.
10 ed in the business of candy and confectionery i^anufacture of all t:^
kinds, to nake the i^.ierican life sv/eeter. Others are in the flo\ver business, to riake the hoiiie happier; and othera yet, in all kinds of pro- fessions and artcraft.
The contribution of the Greeks in the United States in the recent v;ar for liberty, v;as v/onderful; 65,000 ar.icng a population of 400,000 were enlisted in the /vrxorican Amy and Uavy, and fcu;';ht under the A:.:erican fla^:. About 50,000 v/ere v;orkin^ in the ari.iunition plants, and in the Liberty Loan drives they received honorary positions by their generous contributions.
'.Jhen I arrived in chis count r^^ nearly tv/ent^y years a^o, I found the shores
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of the United .States vei»y fariliar ajid very hospitable tov/ard me.
I have seen in the port of Nevj Yorl-: the Statue of Liberty, which wasl^ bom in Greece many thousands of years ago# I have found the Con- ^-^ stitution of the United States copied frc.i the constitution of the glorious Republic of Athens,
I h£iYe seen the Greek architecture of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders in the most magnificent buildin^^s in every big city of the United States, 7/hen I v;as in Denver, Colorado, I admired a building located on a beautiful site, and built of Pantelic marble, I thought this was a Grecian temple, shi- ning under the blue and oriental skies of Colorado. I have seen reproduc- tions of the Grecian statues in ever:.^ art museum of the United States,
In the Art Institute of Chica[:.o, I lave adrdred many times the. magnificent picture of the Virgin, painted sane four hundred years ago by Theotocopoulos,
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III F Saloniki, Sept. 20, 1919 • T
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III H kno-.m also rif? "F]l Greco. This artist, considered an ec^ual of Raphael^.^
I J v/ar bom on the islrjid of Crete. I have found the Greek books of the;;
I G old philosophers and poets in every American library. I have seen S
I G the Grecian dances revivied in the United States. <^
Now, I firmly believe tliat in the next generation the artistic spirit of the
Greeks in the United States, combined vath the /Lmerican practical mind, v/iU produce a v/onderful and glorious civilization*
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GREEK
Salonlkl , Mar* 30, 1918 •
SIX THOUSMD ALIENS WILL BE REFUSED THE RIGHT TO DO BUSHv^SS
Six thousand subjects of allied nations, including a great number of Greeks in Chicago, will be refused the right to do business on May 1, according to an act voted upon and passed on by the Municipal Council of Chicago last December.
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By this restriction, it is sought to refuse the issuance of business permits ^ to individuals who are not American citizens, or who have net given evidence C:J of their desire to become citizens. Owners of saloons and manufacturers of beer especially will be subjected to strict control by this decision. Others who will be severely affected are the owners of confectioneries, small res- taurants, and other small businesses in foreign neighborhoods and centers. The many bakers of the city will also be severely handicapped by this law.
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Saloniki, Mar. 30, 1918.
In enforcing this law, the city treas\irer has prepared 100,000 applications. Applicants for business permits must take an oath on fill ing out one of these applications. The very first questions asked of those signing these applica- tions will be: Vfhere were you born? Are you an American citizen? If you are ::d not an American citizen, have you filed intentions of becoming a citizen? ^-
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I 0 Saloniki . Aug, 19, 1916*
THE CHICAGO TRIBTJKE
The chief organ of the Republican party, the Chicago Tribune, wrote in a recent issue an article expressing its resentment against 1,500 Greek refugees being brought to America by the Greek steamer, "King Constant ine***
"If," it said, "the immigration law had been passed, these Greek refugees woxild not have been allowed to enter the gates of Sllis Island."
Of course, Patterson and McCormick thought that they would arouse resentment against President Wilson if they published such a statement* Those refugees are from Thrace and Asia Minor, and are unfortunates who belong to the finest and oldest families, and who have been enslaved by the Turks and the Bulgarians*
And if, according to the wishes of the Tribune, the President and the Congress had passed such a law, forbidding the entrance of immigrants, the doors should have been opened in the name of humanity and philanthropy. That is, if the
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I G Saloniki, ^^mq. 19, 1916 •
spirit lives; the Tribxine raakes us doubt its existence^
The Greeks of Chicago and of all .-jueiiQa should iriake a^note or the attitude of the Republican party and its organ. ReLierriber it at election tiiTieJ The Ghica^:;o Tribune has always been unfriendly to our race despite the heroic efforts raade over a period of a year by the Greek rovernrjient , in order to save the Tribune representative, I.Irs. Farrar from the hands of the Turks. The ingratitude of the Tribune is uiifor^ivable. To desire to refuse these v/retched refugees adiaission into ^''3od's Gcimtry" is inhumane.
Tae Tribune raust be sura of this, however • Tae Tribune , as an organ of the Republican party, v/ill find no admission into more than six thousand Greek stores and hom^s in Chica/:o. -.-jrid, if the Republijan party has the saiiie ideals as its chief organ, it v/ill find the doors of the l.liite House closed also.
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3aloni^:i, June 24, 1916. (Editorial)
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The colu:;uis of nost Gree . papors published in .jrierica are filled v;ith .^efama- ^
tions, denunciations and criticizns. Thase kind of articles Icaop tlio various ^
co^jTiUnities ar-d the rr.e:nbers thereof at s'.vords points. Tha editors use their ^
sacred ^o vers to start ar.d niaintain personal feuds and dissension between the o
reel: Church narishes. co
All these evils are perpetrated in the naue of LIa::i:.io:-. The journalistic leeches *^ find a lucrative return fro:i the shana and unliappiness of individuals.
If a Panhellenic union of all the church parishes in .-jzerica ;vere formed, some papers -.vould support it; but the ones that felt there v;as nothia^j to gain, ?;ould not spare the ink v/han they tried to persuade the people not to support such a union.
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Saloniki, June 24, 1916.
Today, our churches, societies, and schools are united in name only. They are each dominated by one or two individuals who have enough money to obtain cour- teous treatment by the Greek press*
We feel this condition is caused by the maladjustment of most of the Greeks ^
who have immigrated to these shores. They have lost all their honorable in- ^^
stincts and training because of their insane search for wealth. To cure this, p
the source of the trouble must be removed, .'/e believe that the source of this ^
trouble lies in the reason why the Greeks immigrate to America. ^
The Saloniki sincerely believes that the Greek people should cease coming to iUnerical V/e have written about the strong current that has swept four hundred thousand Greeks from their homeland unto the four points of the compass; but for the sake of emphasis, we repeat some of the points in those articles. ■> The Greek immigrant in America labors at least eighteen hours a day in order
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Saloniki, June 24, 1916 •
to earn a meagre livelihood. He is subjected to diseases and sicknesses that Tvere unheard of in his native town. These sicknesses quickly kill him or permanently ruin his health.
Thousands of Greeks have shed their blood in the wilds of v/estem America, where they went to help build the railroads of this country. Some were actu- ally murdered and some were injured in doing this work; and others died of diseases or infections Contracted in those labor campSjjT'
Even the businessmen living in towns and cities have very little security. Few of them can make any claims to happiness and stability.
If these facts were knovm in Greece, and if these pictures could be accurately portrayed, no Greek parent v/ould allow his son to leave the security of his village and come to /jaerica to dig his own grave.
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Salonikl , Juib 24, 1916 •
Although thousands of the Greeks, who had Immigrated to America , returned to Greece with broken health and gave their diseases to their families, the Greek Church and the Greek Government continue to urge the Greeks to go to America where the streets are paved with gold bricks.
Their senses are dulled by the glitter of gold, and so, they allow the unnec- p^
essary sacrifice of health and life to continue. Rivers of Greek blood have rj
been ^ed in this foreign land for the sake of a few dollars. If any Greek -t3
in America is content v;ith his existence hore, he is Justified in berating o
us for printing such an article as this one. Lo
If, however, there are 400,000 Greeks who regret coming to ^^merica, they are ^ duty-bound to pay attention to the feelings of their consciences, and then write a letter to Greece. In these letters — destined to be read by friends and relatives in the old country — the true facts must be disclosed. Let them tell of the labor conditions and the tenement houses, as compared with the
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Salonlki, June 24, 1916.
fresh air and healthfulness of the poorest Greek hovel. Send them statistics of the death rate, and what is even worse, the tuberculosis and socictL disease rate among the Greeks in America. And, finally, tell the misinfoimed Greeks in the little villages of the small number of Greeks who actually achieve finan- cial independence here.
The war on unrestricted Greek immigration will be a long euid hard one. Like any other type of war, soldiers will be needed. We call the Greeks of America to answer our bugle call. Let them join us in this campaign, that shall in the end be the saviour of our best countrymen. ... • g
We must overcome the egoistic instincts that prevent us from writing and ex- g plaining the conditions in America. How can we ever help our fellow men if o=i we write letters describing the wealth and power we each have; when, in actu- ality, we are laying rails and d/ing of disease. To do as we have described takes mental courage, but it must be done. This mental courage is even more import€Uit than physical bravery. Our Greek brothers must be enlightened; so
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Saloniki, June 24, 1916.
that they ;7ill not cross the ocean by the hundreds, to suffer and die in a strange land.
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VJho are these people that are leaving Greece? They are established business- -^
men and home o^jvners; who leave their fresh air and blue sky to come to America ^
and live in unsanitary tenements , and eat canned foods, 'iliese people are -tj
bev;ildered, because the letters they had received froia i^nierica v/ere full of o glowing descriptions of v;ealth and happiness. They curse those falsifiers
who led them astray by their imaginative letters. S
Compare this life v;ith that life in Greece and then sit down and write the truth* Let us fomi a society v;hose purpose v;ill be to inform the people of Greece about the fate of the Greeks in Aiaerica.
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GREEK
Saloniki, Jan. 22, 1916 •
A DISCOVERT A Reader Solves a Puzzle «
Today, by chance, I discovered the solution to a question that has puzzled many people for a long time. The alarming influx of Greek immigrants has stumped Journalists, sociologists, and statisticians. And I, a simple individual, came upon the answer — quite accidentally, I must confess*
r
Yesterday I was making out bills, to be sent to my subscribers. While I was dating them, I had a hard time remembering that I should write January 13, 1916; I kept writing January, 1915. This in itself is not unusual, because p^ it has happened to many of us at one time or another.
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I went out for a walk meditating on the fact tliat thirteen days of the New ^ Year had already gone*
The next morning I received a letter from Greece, and it was dated December 14, 1915. Immediately, I understood the reason for the heavy immigration.
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Saloniki, Jan. 22, 1916.
The letter I received, dated December 14^reek calenda^^, took seventeen days to reach Chicago, and reached me on January Is/American calendar or on December 31, Greek calendar7; or thirteen days earlier according to the Greek calendar, the difference between the two calendars being thirteen days.
I realized that if I sent a letter to Greece, dated January 13/American calendar/* i* would reach Greece 17 days later, but due to the 13 da2;s difference in our calendars it would arrive in Greece on January 17/according to the Greek calendar/^.
The person receiving the letter would see the dates and would think that
it took only four days for the letter to come from America. Therefore, ^
many Greek people think that America is very close to Greece and they set IS
out in boat loads for a jaunt to America. When they get here they realize
how far they have traveled from their homeland.
And all of this miscalculation is caused by a slight difference in the calendars.
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Saloni]:i> Jan. 22, 1915 Here is the sinple e::planation for a question that has long bothered all of
VLS.
If you believe iny discovery to be a sicniiicant one, I (Gladly present it to you for a Hew Years *s gift.
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GEEEiK
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Chicago Dally Tribune > Sept# 27, 1913.
EDITORS GIVE GASH TO PROTECT LIVES OF U. S. IMUIGRANTS
In an effort to help and protect the thousands of Immigrants who come to America from Exurope every year, 600 foreign language newspapers of the United States yesterday offered their services to the public safety commission of Chicago ana Cook County* To show their good faith they gare the board $2,400 In cash. The foreign language editors Intend to make the Chicago commission the directing Influence of a nation-wide campaign for safety among America's forelgn-bom peoples.
The money was given to the commission In a check by Looils Hammerllng, president of the American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers* Mr. Hammerllng announced the purpose of the editors that gave the money* He said they expect the comflnlsslon to provide articles on the campaign to be waged against avoidable accidents* These articles will be translated and printed In the various papers of the association*
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Chicago Daily Trlbtme, Sept. 27, 1913.
The offer was made in the Hotel La Salle at a Joint meeting of the editors and memhers of the commission*
Editors Put On Board
P# S* Lamhrost editor of the Greek Star, arranged the meeting* It was attended hy eiglhteen editors, all of ivhom today will begin an editorial campaign in cooperation with the public safety coiz?mission« On the stiggestion of Coroner Hoffman, who attended the meeting, the editors selected four of their number to become members of the com- mission. They are: P« S# Lambros, editor of the (xreek Star; 1. k. Geringer, editor of the Daily Svomost; John R« Palandech, editor of the United Servian and the Balkan World; and A.M. Liebling, editor and publisher of the Daily Jewish Press.
Mr. Lambros, toastmaster, opened the meeting by saying: ''We all extend to Coroner Hoffman and the safety commission the united and enthusiastic
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Chicago Dally Tribmie^ Sept. 27, 1913.
support of the foreign press of this city* Our publications reach near- ly ItOOOtOOO people, most of idiom are foreigners unacquainted with Ameri- can customs and in the greatest dcuoger of accident* We mean to Influence otir pulpits and teachers to propagate this campaign among all those of foreign descent*"
Hoffman Explains Board
Coroner Hoffman explained the work of the commission, pointed out its aimst and how he bellevea the aims could he accomplished* Graham Taylor advocated better political education of foreign-born residents of the Seventeenth ward so they cotild effect through the city council reforms needed in the ward* He pointed out that Grand avenue and Halsted street is one of the most dangerous street intersections in Chicago and that the foreign editors could nlnlmlee accidents there and elsewhere by entering the campaign*
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Chicago Dally Trlbxine, Sept. 27, 1913.
State Senator Ittelson urged organized noTements for bringing about state legislation* He said members of the State Legislattire desire to do the rl^t thing, but often throiigh lack of Information or mis- Information they went wrong. The remedy, he said, lies in yisits to Springfield of delegates from organized moyements, armed with facts and statistics*
Says Immigrants Suffer
Mr* Hanmierllng, spokesman for the editors, said in part:
**I have been deeply touched by the words of your coroner* You have started a movement with untold possibilities. I feel more strongly on the subject than do most of those not acquainted with the problem of the foreign bom* Ninety-seren per cent of the accidents In our industrial plants are inflicted on immigrant population*
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Chicago Daily Trito\ine, Sept, 27, 1913.
"It is among those men not accustomed to the way things are done in this country that the most work is to be done* I will give $2,400 for the work of your commission as a gift of the association of which I am president* **
Lauds Immigrants to U«S»
**We are Americans, all of us* We strive to be good American citizens* There are thousands of foreign immigrants irtio come to this country every year and find themselves ignorant of conditions and \inable to speak the language* They eventually become the bulwarks of your cotmtry. The Woolworth buildingt in which I have my offices in New York and which is fifty-six stories high, was built by immigrants from architect to hod- carrier*
**I have experienced the trials and struggles of a yoxmg immigrauit in this cotmtry* I know irtiat it means to arrive in a big city and be un-
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Chicago Dally Tribune, Sept. 27, 1913.
able to find friends or to be able to seciire food and lodging* X recommend that sometime the commission look into the proposition of giving sympathy and encouragement and furnishing interpreters £Lnd teachers for these immigrants. I have made a fortune and I am willing at any time to gire a substantial contribution to such a work J'
During the executive session which followed the general meeting Mr. Liebling read theeditorial in The Tribune which portrayed the disillusion- ment of a young immigrant who came to America to find his fortune and failed because of an accident which broke his back. He also praised the articles on the foreign bom population by Henry H* Hyde in The Tribtme.
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Chicago Daily Tribune. Sept. 27, 1913.
HANDICAPS PAIL TO EETAED GREEKS IN CHICAGO LIFE
MEMBERS OF RACE FORGE RAPIDLY TO FROm AS RESULT
OP IHEIil WORK AND SiUDY
MANY RETURN FOR WAR THOUSANDS LEAVE AMERICA TO SERVE COUNTRY IN BATTLES IN THE BALKAN CAMPAIGNS
PAPERS STIR THEIR PATRIOTISM
Where "We Will" There's A Way - Chicago's New Proverb
By Henry M. Hyde.
There are 3,000 fewer Greeks in Chicago than there were a year ago. That number of brown and muscular men, with flashing black eyes and bristling mustaches, have gone back to fight the battles of Hellas
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II A 2 Chicago Daily Tribune, Se-^t. 27, 1913.
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against the Turks. Now that the wars against the Crescent and among the allies seem to be over, the warriors who went through the battles un- woimded are beginning to come back.
Nine years ago there was a young Greek boy pedaling fruit from a basket through the crowded quarters of the '/est Side. He was eager to learn English and tome one sent him to the night school of the Y.M.C.A. There he quickly developed into a most ambitions pupil.
As he learned he kept on earning. Five years ago he was prepared both financially and mentally to enter the University of Illinois as a student in the agricultural department. In addition to doing the regular work of his course he fo\ind time to run a small restaurant near the campus and to win a place on an interstate oratorical team, having developed ability in the art of Demosthenes by taking part in the debates at the Y.M.C»A.
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II A 2 Chicago Daily Tribune, Sept. 27, 1913.
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He finished the three year course at the university and later studied for a year in the agricultural department of Cornell and also at the Michigan agricultural college. He is now on his way to Grerraany to do some post- grad\xate work: in forestry, after which he will choose between a professor- ship in the University of Athens ana an important post in the agricultural department of the Greek government.
More and more the Creek colony is becoming a perma.nent feature of Chicago life. The original immigrants for the DOor little villages and farns of the ancient peninsula were all men, strong, young and venturesome.
They came to America to mace a ouick fortune - and they came alone - planning to go back later and marry or live with their families in comfort under the soft blue skies of the fatherland on the proceeds of a few years of hard labor and r)itiless thrift. But as they caught the American spirit and filled their l\ings with the freer air of this co\intry many have found themselves unable to settle down and live again under the old conditions. Each year a smaller percentage of Creek immigrants go back to their old home.
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II A 2 Chicago Daily Tribune. Sept. 27, 1913.
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The niunber of men who are single or unaccompanied by their wives is still large in the colony. With a total population of perhaps 2o,000, there are only about 1,500 Greek families and not more than 3,500 Greek women ajid girls.
But the leaders among the race say that most of these single men are working to get money to send for their wives and sweethearts. No more than ten or fifteen per cent of them will finally go back to Greece to live. They are gradually buying property here ajid establishing business houses which will tie them permanently to Chicago.
The original Greek immigrants almost all started as street venders of fruits and candies. Such a push cart peddler was Anton Geocaris, nov/ the head of the Greek- American bank over at Blue Island Avenue and Halsted Street, the only exclusively Greek bank in the country. Another was P. S. Larabros, who gradually worked up until he became chief salesman for a wholesale fruit house on South V/ater street. He resigned that post to start the Greek Star, a wee'K:ly newspaper, published in Greek which is perhaps the leader amon.^ the publications of the nationality. Other weeklies are the Chicago Loxias and the Salonica.
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I ^ Saloniki, Sept. 13, 1913.
t!ij: s^-^ihit c? ;j!Ti-mGi^iTioii
(Jditorial) 'Trepare the fatted calf, for ray beloved son is returning home."
GR:..jn<:
V/e who are living in Chicago, amid a practical and enterprising people, can imagine what .^reat benefits v;e can derive from the new turn of events in our homeland. Cur ;:i*Q2it and rich territorial acquisitions in Macedonia, .^ipirus, Thrace, and in the Aegean Islands, are av/aiting the farmer, the herdsiran.
-o
The nany thousands of Greeks in Chicago and other i'liierican communities, v/ho are living and struggling ::iany tiiousands of j^dles away from their homeland, have jast cause to celebrate the triuraph of Greek arms in the recent Balloin vvars. ..e are all jubilant and happy over the territorial expansion of our hoiaeland, but our enthusiasm should not stop here. fo
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I G Saloniki , Sept. 13, 1915.
the merchant, the industrialist, and the sailor, v/ho v/ill cultivate the land and develop its resources. The fatted calf of the :;o3pol lias been prepared by our loving mother, Greece, and v/ith open arms she expects us to share the rich feast.
How many of our immigrant Greeks in Chicago will partake of this happy, end- ^
less feast? As a patriotic newspaper, Jaloniki sounds the call and invites ^
all our people, not only in Chicago but in over;/ foreign land, to think about U
and discuss the great opportunities which are being offered us. 3
The immigration question has been amply discurised during the last decade co without any definite results. The arguments for and against immigration are r::^ familiar to ever;^''one. Today, hov;ever, conditions have been reversed i and Saloniki is the first to raise its voice and proclaim that imiaigration to this country in huge numbers should cease. It favors the repatriation of
en
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3aloniki, Sept. 13, 1913.
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Let us all, therefore, take the road back to our beloved homeland, v;e do not know how many will heed our advice and accept our suggestions, but even if one person listens to our voice, this nev/spaper v/ill be proud of having per- formed one of its greatest patriotic duties, :p
,:»
The huge v;ave of ii.imigration to the United otates has reached tremendous pro- p portions in the last few years. This increase in G-reek imiigration is primarily ^ the result of the adventurous nature and the restless, inquisitive instincts g of our people. Other important reasons are: 1) the extreme poverty of the agricultural areas of Greece; 2) the misery and suffering among the working class because of the lack of adequate protective lav/s; 3) tlie practice of cfj usury and exploitation. It is no exaggeration to say that one third of the manpower of Greece has crossed the broad expanse of the ocean to seek a bet- ter fortune in the New V;orld. To what extent our golden dreams have been
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I G 3aloniki , Sept. 13, 1913.
realized is kna/;n to each one of us here in this great city of Chicago.
Today," with the new political order in Grooce and with double t.ie territory she had before, there is no excuse for immicratiac to Aiierica. ^-e should now be happy and hopeful of returning: to the sacred soil of our enlar^^ad and prospering fatherland. The yearning stranger and wanderer who desires to see the smoke rising: from his ancestral home once more could never find a bettor opportunity. Our country'- is eager to embrace its beloved children. Its joy will b'3 great v;hen its lost sons shall Partake of the feast for v/hich the fatted calf has been slain. ITie rich fields and undeveloped resources of the newly acquired territor^,^ offer such great opportunities that -iiuropean and .'jnerican capitalists have already biguii to buy or lease great tracts of Q land, especiall^r in the fartile Macedonian valley, with the certainty that ^ in five years their investment will multiply a hundredfold.
The legislation recently enacted by l.lr. Yenizelos* liberal govarmaent has rid
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I G Saloniki, Sept. 13, 1913.
the countr.^ of the disgrace of usur;/ and all other injustices, so that life, property, honor, and opportunity have been protected and safeguarded in every v/ay. Consequently, tiiere is no basis for the ar^uriients of some of us in Chicago v;ho are proposing an increased rate of inunigration to /jrierioa. Ho soundly thinking individual :iill continue to hold these ideas.
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The sad truth v/hich was uLtored by a i^'ronch economist must be borne in mind. He declared that the emigration of a hundred thousand from one countr^^ is
equivalent to the loss of an equal nuiTiber of soldiers in battle. The 30,000 o
Greeks of Chicago and the 250,000 Greeks in the United States may form an ^^
exception to this rule, for they have riven 40,000 fighters to Greece in a -^
critical moment of her his tor:'-. ^
It was the might, the courage, and the unfailing patriotism and devotion of the iramigrant Greeks that returned home to fight two bloody v/ars during the
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I Cx Saloniki, 3ept. 13, 1915.
last tv;o years. It is they v;ho have created Greater Greece and vmo have broadened the territorial, national, political, econo:;iio, and social horizons of our .^-reat country.
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I C THil HifiLLENISIi— C0LL3GS 3TUII2OT SOCISTY
(Editorial) 5
Last Sunday, March 22, a lecture was delivered, to the college student j^
division of the great Hellenism, National 3ducational Greek Society, at Hull ^ House by the well-knovm Chicago attorney, Mr, Andrew Vlachos* Mr, Vlachos 2 has established a great reputation for himself through his speeches, writings, and publications, rnany of which have appeared in the Greek press of Chicago and America in general*
His lecture centered around the Greeks of America f2X)m the business, social, and nationalistic standpoint. In a rather long and detailed talk he sought to show the cause for the immigration of thousands of Greeks to the United States* He opined that "it is prompted by despair and despondency into which the Greek people have fallen because of economic destitution, social corruption,
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I C and political intrigue.''
He then described the departure of the typical Greek immigrant from his home; hew he secures the fare, and then sails to the Nev/ World full of strange sights— a veritable new civilization. He described the kinds of work which the first immigrant does and those are many and varied which require hardiness and endurance. Many Greek immigrants occupy themselves with the manufacture, importation, or exportation of Greek products. Mention was made of the fre- quent attempt of the educated immigrant and the professional man to engage in somo sort of a profession. The question of Greek journalism in America and particularly in Chicago was touched upon.
Mr. Vlachos gave us a rather comprehensive but enlightening analysis of the problems of family, church, and educational and community organizations which the immigrants everywhere have to face. No one expected the speaker to
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I C chastise and rebuke us Greeks for our many weaknesses and defi- ciencies of character which retard our progress in all directions • After a broad description of all the conditions with which the immigrant must cope, he spoke at length concerning the greatest peril which threatens the Greeks of America •
Mr. Vlachos* lecture was most interesting. We are here quoting the last part of his speech which deals with this peril — the national peril which threatens the Greeks of America:
•'And now arises the question: ^\re the Greeks of America being threatened with any sort of danger? He that has lived in America can well postulate the opinion that the Greeks of America are suri^ounded by the grave danger of being gradually assimilated into the American way of life in which they share. It is true that the danger is not imminent as far as the older immigrants are concerned or for those immigrants who are somewhat advanced in age on
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I C arriving here, but no one can deny that those of us who have
cone here quite young are in danger of being engulfed by the -u forces which level out and assimilate all foreign groups with the predom- ^^ inant native American element. JZ
"With all certainty one can declare that such a danger is grave for our g children who will be bom in America in the future. The assimilative in- ^- fluence of one nationality on another, especially a minority group where there ^ is free co-mingling, is a social and historic law. The results of such an 5> amalgamation or assimilation are more pronounced, immediate, and rapid when the newly arriving racial group meets a native group which is superior in civilization, commercial progress, social education, and civic reforms.
♦T?he American program proposes to assimilate all foreign nationalities residing in this country. To this end, the Araorican Government and the American people are working systematically day and night. Their doors are wide open to
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III A The Greek Star, Apr. 30, 1909* III H I G immigration because America, which now has a population of eighty
three million, needs that many more inhabitants to round out its population. This is why the desire to assimilate the foreigner and the intensive work of the native American to this end is entirely justified*
''Nevertheless, we must not fail to see that this assimilative law is deadly and aims at the ultimate disappearance of our Greek consciousness and feel- ings • It means the abandonment of the use of the Greek language by replacing S it with English; it means the substitution of loyalty to America and adherence to a foreign dogma instead of Greek patriotism and our Greek Orthodox faith*
•*The setting up of local nationalistic organizations, communities, Greek schools, and other institutions of a strictly national character, as well as the tremendous influence of the Sastem Orthodox Church will contribute immeasurably to the maintenance of our entity as a separate minority with its own rigjits and national culture. Any danger of being assimilated will be thus
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I C offset by such protective activities.
'♦All this applies to those of us who will not or do not intend to return to 5
our fatherland. Naturally, many thousands of us will remain here, because we ^^
here find a wider and more promising field of action, opportunities, profitable "^
work, unexplored and unworked resources — a growing society of men. ^
"This new countiy is much richer than Greece in agriculture, industry, and -^ commerce; therefore, it thrills the Greeks who remember well under what con- S ditions of squalor and poverty they lived and worked in the homeland. So, ^ naturally, they have no desire to return to their people permanently. Even if they do return for some nostalgic or other reason they are unable to tolerate the ways of the primitive village.
♦♦IThen these same immigrant Greeks of America return to their homes and villages
which are composed of five hundred or six hundred inhabitants, they find that
it is very difficult for them to live under the primitive and backward conditions
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III A The Greek Star, Apr, 30, 1909. Ill H 10 of life in the homeland. They cannot work and live decently
as they did in New York and Ohicago, which are huge and bustling cities where more than six millions of people live. ^
"The poor and lowly farmer or goatherd who used to wear the characteristic ^ white peasant shirt and the striking tsarouchia translator* s note: famous 3 Greek peasant footgear with red pompons. They are usually worn by the Bvzones 2 or white-skirted select Greek mountaineer regiments or shock troops/^ has now ^ gone to America in great numbers; there, he has learned how to wear modem ^ dress — shoes, hat, collar, tie, socks; he has become accustomed to living in warm and comfortable rooms. VfiLth such a high standard of living the Greek immigrant hesitates to accept any change for the worse; therefore, he either goes to Greece for a visit or he stays there long enough to help his parents and relatives financially and then he returns to America with great joy and considerable relief.
"On the other hand, our fellow countrymen, according to the experience of many of us here in Chicago, discover that there are no worthwhile business or
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I C investment opportTinlties in Greece^ They cannot engage in the
business which they started in /jnerica, so on going to Greece, they are forced either to go without work, idling their time away spending money ^ aimlessly or to tate the pick and plow in hand again* But, because not very ^ many can make a decent living under such conditions and because they cannot ^ win economic security, the farmer is attracted by the magnetic appeal of the C- American dollar. So, again they take the road back to Europe. 5
•VThis phenomenon will sadden every Greek when he perceives that in this way ^; gradually the Greek peasantry and citizenry, the productive forces of Greece, i are being depleted and are being drained off. That is why the Greek govern- ment must take proper and immediate measures for the solution of a vital problem. It is the stenmiing of the rising tide of immigration to America. The government must cause the Greek immigrant to return to the homeland. No one knows how long our native land can bear this constant and perilous drainage of its young and vital man power.
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I G **Tlie Greek government can produce some results in regard to this
by not resorting immediately to restrictive measxires as far as %
immigration to America is concerned. Any such abrupt and drastic action ^
can have disastrous results for the suffering and poverty-stricken labor and p
farming populations of Greece. All realize that it is because of this poverty, ^
misery, and economic insufficiency that in their desperation the masses of the 3
Greek people are forced to seek new havens, new fortimes, and economic security ^
in foreign lands. On].y thus do they ever hope to become satisfied, happy, and ^ prosperous people*
"There is no doubt whatever that the Greeks of Chicago are deeply interested in the struggles and problems of the European immigrant. There are really many aspects of the immigration problem which must be studied and discussed. There is no question that the immigrant is a highly important factor economic- ally, socially, and culturally in both our homeland and in Aiierica#
•♦The Greek immigrant will be properly treated and served if the economic system
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The Greek Star, Apr. 30, 1909.
in Greece is reformed. The poor masses in Greece must be assisted.
The burden of taxation must be moved; governmental and adrainistra- ~^ tive extravagance and unnecessary expenditures must be drastically reduced. ^ Many radical reforms are needed such as revision of the constituion, political F^ and financial reorganization on a sounder and more just basis. The living and £J social conditions of the laboring, and farming classes must necessarily be Ig improved. Only by such means will the continued emigration be stopped; only 2 thus will our homeland preserve its most valuable asset — its human resources. 5**
^^ "Naturally, immigration has many, very many advantages. Millions of Europeans have found their Promised Land in America; others have escaped from tyrannical oppression, slavery, persecution, and hopeless poverty. This is truly the Promised Land. V/e are all deeply thankful for tha blessings of liberty, tolerance, kind hospitality, happiness, and prosi)erity.
"Nevertheless, the Greeks of Chicago and the Greeks of America are possessed with one secret desire, the return to Greece, to their o;vn people. We would
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I C all be very fortunate if we could return to Greece with our
savings and find more opportunities there for work and investments ^ If economic conditions allowed, the Greek would be happy indeed to return and ^ settle in his beloved homeland. He can there breathe the free air of his ^ own country; he could there enjoy the company of his relatives and friends; ^ he could then contribute to the prosperity and happiness of his own native ^ land." £
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— — — — — \> <T //
Loxias, I/larch 31, 1909
A TRA(>IC DE-^iTK
"o. 1.- Last Sa.turday four of our coTintr'/men wert: founci der.d in a gas-filled room of a cheap boa^rdinjii; house. It is evident these poor men had taken the easier v;ay out. This sup'^osition was strengthened by the lack of any money or valuables in the room. A collection of 50 (/j frora each G-reek was used as funeral expenses. Wouldn't it be better for this collection to have taken place cefore these unfortunate men had ended tneir lives? This is a very serious oroblei-i which fev/ G-reeks are av/are of. This tragic accident has brougiit it close to us that v/e must do soiuethin^j; to prevent similar occur- rences in the future.
Ve believe this should be the job of the G-reek consulate in Chicago. I-'any poor, ignorant Oreeks come to Chicago, the big cit;,, to earn a living. They are confused and bewildered oy everything which is strange to their eyes, ihey don't know nov/ to find wor:^, they don't know where to go, or v/hat to do.
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Loxias, narch Z-l, 1909
It isn't a hard job for the conGiilate to hire a raaii who will suoply all the needs of the new immigrant. Coffee-houses ca.n be ooened v/hich v;ill mai-ce the stranger feel at home in a strange land arnon>^ oeople v/ho speak his ovai toncroie.
!/e owe it to these four, discouro.ged men to see tha.t future visitors to our city will be v/ell t-aken care of and r)rotected from the forces which undermined the coura^re of the four inartyrs.
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The Sreek Jtar, i^r. u, 1909,
iii.iaii'irnji: l;j;3 ^
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According to our esuoened colleo.;:ue, Tlie Chicago 'i?ribiine,a report uas receivea ^
from 'Washington, !)• G. to t^ie efiect that thousanos upon thousands of undesir- 3§
able aliens are entering the United jtates daily in spite of strict immigration 2 laws.
The Greek Star has dealt with the immit^ration question many times in the past, thus, arousing the interest of our coiiir.'iunity^ Because most of us had to conforiii to the existing iiamigration laws, it is only natural that we desire to ioiov; how the immigrant vdll fare mider nev; requirements in a strange and nex/ world. The Greek people of Jhica^^o, that is, most of our fellow coimt iT^rien, can remember the doubts and fears that possessed us upon our arrival in the Nevj ;;orld. Almost all of us were afraid that v;e would not be admitted or that the entrance requirements would be exti*emely stiff; v;e looked and acted our best* Viho does not remember the medical anu physical examinations at illlis Island
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The Greek otar^ liar, t), 1909* S
and sonetimes the e;i^elinc quostioni::;^ of United States iimiiigration officials? rj
-o According to de Chicago Tribune > the United States Govemraent is contemplating o changing or amending the existing ii-imigration lav/s in the interest of the l^o country. The recent report of the Congressional Goinmittee on Immigration as !^ v;ell as the recommendations of the immigration authorities of New York, especiall;^^';^ stress the need for radical changes in the present ii'.u.iigration laus^
It is reliably reported that besides the undesirable aliens v;ho are finding their way into the United States apparently vjithout any great difficulty for some unexplained reason, there are many thousand criminals, smug^-^lers, and other despicable characters engaged in v;hite slavery^ It has also been discovered that many thousand Chinese are i.iaking their vjay into this count r^r" while the authorities who are held respon3ible for this matter can do little to prevent their entry into the United States.
According to the lengthy statistical and factual report of the United States
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liiiniigration Departnent, and according: to other experts, even though the iinnigration lav;s are quite strictj^ nonetheless, they seen to be very elastic; this accounts for the multiplicity of ways in which the lav;s are easily mis- interpreted by clever lavjyers v;ho succeed in legalizing the entry of various immigrants into the United States, './e, here in Chicago, laiov; that hundreds ^ of Greeks have succeeded in entering the United States by various under-handed |~" methods. Some of them have come here indirectly through Canada and Llexico, ^ •vvhilc others have been smuggled in secretly. 5f
Even though more than ;^500,000 is spent annually for salaries and expenses of secret agents, supervisors, and inspectors, the United States Immigration Department has not been able to checl: the steady stream of criminal elements v;hich is flooding this hospitable and tolerant land.
Finally, the Committee on Immigration uhich issued its highly interesting
and verj' important report, v;hich is to be submitted to the United States Congress
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The Greek Star, Lar, 5, 1909
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for consideration, recoriraends the adoption of most drastic measures to curb ^ the iiniaigration evils. It is urrontly recorj^iended that nev; laws be made or old ones aniended to prevent undesirable aliens and all types of criminals from gaining admission into the United States.
It is the f inn opinion of The Greek Star that this counti^' should accept all inunigrants £,ladly regardless of nationality us long as they respect the x'ederal, '-^ State, and local laws; as long as they come to the United States for t:.e purpose ^"3 of living peacefully, working hard, and as long as they are.v/illing to respect the righus of others.
Of course, we admit that there is much prejudice and hatred against many aliens. If they deserve it and if they have violated the lav;s, they must be punished and deported. 'i*he immigration lav;s must be stiffened sufficiently to refuse admittance to those v;ho Y;ill al;vays be a liability to the United States instead of an asset.
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The Greek Star> Mar. 13, 1908*
THE IMMIGRAHT QUESTION (Editorial)
In the mail that has just arrived from abroad we noticed that the Greek Govern- _ ment has appropriated a special credit of $25,000 to be used for the pxirpose of "% returning Greek immigrants in the United States and in other foreign lands to ,^ the homeland • p
According to the inf onnation which The Greek Star had published some time ago g and according to a special bulletin recently issued by the Greek Foreign ^ Office, thousands of Greeks who have been in America but a few months or a eg year or two are wandering through the streets of Chicago, New York, Philadelphia jjS^ and Boston in a pitiful state of hunger, sleeplessness, and desperation because of lack of work*
The Greek Star and the Greek ConBiunity of Chicago are vitally concerned with the
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The Greek Star. Mar» 13, 1908*
Important Immigrant question, which is so closely connected with the \in- employment situation in our community as well as with almost all the aspects of our national life in this great commercial and industrial Merican metropolis.
The actions and decisions of the Greek Gk>vemment in regard to the status and ^ future disposition of the Greek immigrant of America will immediately affect Ti the interests and attract the eager attention of the Greeks of Chicago* We ^ are informed that the goveniment of the hcmieland has asked Mr* Moraitis, the r; general manager of the Greek-American Transatlantic Steamship Con^anyi to put -q a ship at the disposal of the Greek immigration authorities for the purpose c5 of returning to Greece those immigrants already in i^merica who are destitute cmd who are leading a miserable existence in a strange land, itself beset by many economic and labor difficulties* The Greek Government made this fine ^ gesture after lengthy debates and questionings in the Greek Deputy Chamber* During those discussions, a dark picture was painted of the living and working conditions of the Greek immigrant in the United States* Mention was made of
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The Greek Star, Mar. 13, 1908#
the hardships and sufferings which the newly arriving immigrant to itaaerica undergoes I and of the indescribable obstacles and unfavorable circumstances which he has to overcome in searching for some kind of work and support in a new, strange, and oftentimes inhospitable land.
The concern of the Greek Government for its native sons who are leaving, or ^ who are now living in, foreign countries must be highly praised* It proves ^^ that our homeland is interested in the welfare of those courageous and enters F^ prising immigrants of ours who seek economic security and opportunities abroad C with the ultimate hoi)e of returning to their families and native towns after ^ they have saved a few hundred or a few thousand dollars* It is very encourag- ing indeed to think that the Greek Government follows the progress and welfare of the Greek immigrant at all times* The problems of the Greek immigrant €tre also the problems of the Greek Government* Thus far, the Greek diplomatic and consular authorities in America have done all in their power to help the Greek immigrant in every possible way; they have protected our rights and have
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The greek Star> Mar. 13, 1908.
appealed to the ^erlcan Grovemment whenever the Greek was unfairly treated or discriminated against because of racial hatred and prejudice.
The return of numerous immigrants who have been coming to America by the thousands every month will certainly relieve the terrific strain which the great wave of European immigration has been causing in the economic, social, _ industrial, and labor spheres of American life* The tide of immigration has -^ now reached its zenith. We hope that the present difficulties in labor, ^ business, and industry, which are to a very great extent the outcome of the p: high rate of immigration to the United States, will discourage those who may ^ desire to emigrate to America. Thus, they will remain in their homelands S working and getting cdong better there among their families, relatives, and friends, rather than working hard in a fox^eign land where they are subjecting themselves to many perils: first, because they are unable to speak Snglish; ^ second, because of the difficulties encountered in seeking employment due to the fact that most (xreeks are unskilled laborers; thiiTd, on account of the
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serious decrease in labor demand; and fourth, because the great influx of European immigrants has aggravated rather than ameliorated general economic and industrial conditions in the United States.
Those Greek immigrants who are being repatriated would perform the greatest service to our people in the homelcuid if they would inform the latter of the economic difficulties which will be met in America and of the many dis- appointments €Uid hardships which were experienced by thousands who have re- turned home or who are about to do so* It would be well to tell those who have been seized by the widespread mania to become rich quick and amass great g wealth by going to America that their golden hopes will very quickly prove to be Just 80 many einpty dreams and futile ambitions*
We have found that it is difficult to convince those fellow countrymen of ours in Greece who are eager to improve their fortunes by coming to America* Some of them think that emigration is discouraged merely because a few people
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The Greek Star, Mar. 13, 1908.
believe that it should be discouraged. They fail to see that the mass exodus of young Greeks threatens to destroy our homeland economically, commercially, and in every other way.
In addition to the Greek Government, other European governments, especially Italy, have taken similar measures to recall their subjects who have not been able to gain economic sufficiency and security in America. These governments have sent numerous official bulletins to their nationals both at home and in foreign lands informing them that emigration at the present time is not advisable and is not profitable for many well-known reasons. g
It has been proved that our homeland is able to provide enough food for many more than its present small popixlation. There is considerable evidence of economic, agricultural, and industrial progress and opportunities in Greece which can be profitably exploited by those Greeks who despair of their home- land and are overtaken by the desire to make millions in America. Many of ui
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The Greek Star. Mar# 13, 1908#
can live happily and prosperously In Greece • Let us not be lured by the fantastic riches of America. In order to amass even a small amount of money , hard work and much sweat are required. Ask most of the Greeks who have established themselves In Chicago or In other American cities and they will tell you how they succeeded In opening up some sort of business and how long and hard they worked In order to win what they have. Many of them regret ^ that they came to America, but most of them will assure you that success In ^ America Is won only by hard work, only by superhuman sacrifice. p
Those who want to emigrate to this country may well consider our advice. They S must learn that America Is not a running Factolus of gold« ^-^
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The Greek Star, Dec. 13^ 1907.
GERSEE
THE QUESTION OF AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP
By malclng a rapid and sweeping survey of the members of our nationality throughout the United States , we observe that while thousands of Greeks have become naturalized American citizens; on the other hand, there are many thousands among us who have hesitated to follow the example set by our more ^ far-sighted and thoughtful citizens. ^
In regard to this subject, we must admit that the greater part of the Greek p press of America has failed to cope with the need of impressing upon our country- -^ men the idea that the acquisition of American citizenship rights is an im- o perative duty* Perhaps this is to be attributed to the fact that in case of a Greek order for mobilization of our national armed forces, those Greeks who have already become American citizens will not be able to render any military <j^ and personal service to our homeland*
It is true that the whole question must be studied thoroughly by Chicago *s
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The Oreek Star, Dec* 13, 1907.
leaders and press befoore any valid opinion can be expressed* But, if by chance the matter is discussed in all its asx>ects and in its entirety, we shall see that those who have taken both their first and second papers and become nattiralized American citizens have done no injustice to our homeland* Nor is it a sign that we have forgotten our duties to the country of oxir birth* It must be remembered that our deep, abiding love and devotion to Greece has not decreased* Is not love of our co\mtry one of our most power- ful virtues and characteristics, which can be superseded neither by time nor gold, not even by the circumstance that we have sworn allegiance to a foreign country* Judging the question from this standpoint and relying on the many examples of the Greek people's patriotism and loyalty to Greece even though many thousands have become citizens of the United States, we notice that we have not heanaed our interests nor forsaken our ideals. On the contrary, we have become the recipients of many benefits and privileges* Those Greeks who have been honored with American citizenship have benefited the entire Greek people indirectly in many ways.
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The Greek Star> Dec. 13, 1907 •
But, even though some of our leaders could not use their Influence as American citizens to protect the rest of the foreign-bom Greeks, who can deny that in reality all of us are American citizens because of the fact that we must obey the laws of the United States of America on the one hand, and enjoy the rights and privileges of being protected in our life and work. Our homeland has never asked the Greeks of America to refuse to obey the laws of the United States; it has never asked us to refuse to accept the benefits and opportunities which have and are being offered us by the people of America; it has never required of us to refuse to acknowledge our gratitude to this great Republic.
'5
There is no one who doubts the loyalty and devotion of those Greeks of CShicago, for instance, who are now American citizens. Also, who can question the just demand of America for obedience to its laws, loyalty to its flag, and love and respect for everything that America stands for? We owe it to ourselves, we owe it to the future happiness of the Greek people of America to become real Americans and adopt the best and finest things that America has to offer, while, at the
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The Sreek Star. Dec. 13, 1907.
same time, we maintain and preserve the best and finest things in our Greek culture and heritage.
All these remarks and discussion are the result of a thorough study for the citizenship question. V/e must impress upon the Greeks of Chicago, especially those who are to become the hub of the Greeks of the entire United States, that they have nothing to lose but everything to gain by beeaning naturalized American citizens* That is the reason why those who are already naturalized American citizens are not to be accused or scorned. On the other hand, we are indeed surprised to discover that there are quite a few among us "wdio attacked the idea of bacoming American citizens and relinquishing our identity as Greeks as a highly treacherous and unpatriotic act, in view of the fact f^ that most of our countrymen expect to return to Greece sooner or later einyway.
V/e hope that these ideas and beliefs will not come to the attention of Uncle Sam because of the serious consequences that may follow. Vfe must warn our
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people to keep away frooi irresponsible, loose-tongued, and half-baked individu- als who give the false impression that they are authorities on all questions pertaining to the life and affairs of the Greek ccamiunity of Chicago.
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The Star, Dec. 6, 1907.
•ms RSTUim
(Editorial)
The Greeks of Chicago are greatly pleased to see that large numbers of our fel- low countrymen are leaving for our beloved fatherland, v;hich they had left many years ago. 7/ho knows hoiv many times they had fondly remembered their o\m homes and loved ones when v.lth other faiailies and in other homes in this country?
This is a very enccuragin,'- and pleasing development for our country, v/hich will gain greatly by the return of her sens. The Greek nation will receive a new life-giving blood transfusion v/hen it v.elcomes the adventurous Greeks who have wanderea through the United states in search of a better fate and a more promis- ing future. No one, of course, doubts that the return of so many iiTjuigrants will mean that much will now be accoraplished. Our fatherland will prosper, and hence all its children vail thrive.
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The Star, Dec. 6, 1907*
Those who go back to their native land have the greatest duty to perfor.Ji. They must never forget their responsibility to their fellow citizens. In other words, they must describe before the astonished eyes of their fellow villagers and townsmen the actual economic and labor conditions in America, ifttoich in these ^^ days are not very favorable. They must make it kaovm that thousands of men of • our own nationality, as well as of other nationalities, are forced to leave this Xs land because of the serious lack of jobs, of which there are, and will be, fewer o and fewer.
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The Greek imiUigrents who return to Greece must therefore tell those who intend Sv to come to America not to do so, because at present America does not provide aiaple economic opportunities.
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Tlie jveeji otar, Nov. 32, 1907.
'.hi: '.,^}i: Cji" Ix^.-xGR^.TIui: Tt Tn]^ oKHUi; ^T..Tiilo LruST oTOP
(Editorial)
Much has been v/ritten about the evil of iiLrrlgration. The Greek press of Chicago as well as the press of Athens, Greece is aroused by the planned v.Ijolesale trans- migration LJid eni^ution of so laany thousanc.s of young -len froi:. Greece. In this article, v;e intend to analyze the entire i]ai:ii:-ration probleiri from the Greek point of viev; for the benefit of the vitally interested Greeks of Chicago.
The Star kncv;s well that this subject snould be thoroughly discussed because it affects the life and \;elfare of every one in this coiniTiUnity. Most of us know that the youn,-; i.ien of Greece leave their homes and villaK:es because it is very difficult for them to nin a livelihood in our fatherlana. V/e vlll herev/ith attempt to explain the many reasons why they cannot do so.
According, to a -:,enerally prevailing opinion, any further encoursgement of immi- gration should cease fcr various reasons, imd especially because of the fact that
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The Greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907*
conditions in America are not what they were when our first Greek immigrants arrived here quite a few years ago. Thousands upon thousands of immigrants of other nationalities are pouring into America, who are better prepared and better equipped than we are. However, in spite of the easier adaptability of the latter, and in spite of the fact that they are accustomed to the ways of ^ the great American urban centers, it is astonishing how easily they fail to f| make a go of things and, so, are forced to return to their homeland. X
This is vrise and sincere advice which comes from a thorough study of the entire situation. Here we have proof that the American press has no ulterior motive or prejudice against the European newcomer.
r "
We have seen statistics relative to this same matter in many outstanding American newspapers, which are sounding a warning that the continuous arrival of huge caravems of immigrants from Europe constitutes a grave peril for America eind will inevitably create serious problems in the immediate emd dis- ci tant future.
C ;
0-)
Ill G - 5 -
ni H
The Greek star, Nov* 22, 1907*
These same newspapers remind us that at the present time America is experiencing a widespread and serious financial panic. There is no doubt that the haitl-work- ing laborer is the greatest victim under such circumstances. The railroads are laying off thousands of workers every day, while many factories are also dis- missing additional thousands of technicians and workers in every type of work. ^ In general, the personnel of every business has been reduced to a minimum. For 5 example, formerly a factory employed one hundred workers, but now uses only ^ twenty-five. The other seventy-five have been layed off and are now forced to r^ tramp the streets of our big cities in the midst of the winter, why so? Be- cause there is an acute scarcity of jobs; there is a widespread standstill in all kinds of businesses and industries. This situation is destructive to the working class, who have not enough savings to fall back on. Now, only God knows what will become of so many workers — many of whom have families to support. ^
Those in Surope and especially, our own countrymen in Greece who are thinking of immigrating to this co\mtry, should know about the laboring and economic condi- tions in this country. Let them think beforehand where they are to go and what
C.}
c >
^
III g - 4 - GREEK
III H
The greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907.
they will do on leaving Europe. On coming to America they must struggle hard against thousands of other men whose bread they seek to take away.
The greek government must act swiftly, not vath half -measures , neither vath legislative acts. The government must work like another Hercules to cleein up .^ the rotteness of greek politics. It must remember that the greek immigrant is 7P not to blame for leaving the country without workers, farmers, the indispensable .-^ man power. It is the fault of the greek Government because they are doing hardly p anything to improve the conditions of the Greek people's lives. They have given r. little thought to the fact that greece is being rapidly depopulated. Our leaders ^ have shamelessly compro:aised the future welfare and interests of the people with- ^" out being, in the least, affected by their conscience. Coming into pov;er, they ^ only think of how to satisfy their personal passions and hatreds; hov; to get Z^ revenge. Then begins a systematic persecution of all their enemies, who in the face of threats of imprisonment, dishonor, and death take the road to i^nerica, unmindful of their future fate. They are happy to have escaped the horrors of political persecution which hung over their heads like a Daiaoclean sword.
Ill G - 5 - GREEIC
III H
The Greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907,
No one v;aiits to leave his country, hoine, parents, friends, and the place of his childhood menories. These inemories are too sv^eet. Many a Greek iimrdgrant is forced to flee because of the inexorable wrath of politicians, unbearable tax- ation, and the lack of encouragement and opportunity to invest any capital.
A few years ago, perhaps the Greek business men were justified in raising the prices of commodities because there was considerable difference in the rate of exchange of the drachma and the franc. The franc v/as then equivalent to one r drachma and seventy- two lepta, so, there was seme reason for a business slump and high prices. But now v/hen the drachma is on a par with the franc there is no justification for this rise in prices, for this speculative orgy. Life in Greece has become a heavy burden; bread costs a drachma and tv/enty lepta; the cost of clothing and other necessities is so high that one must be a Rockefeller, a Morgan, or a Vanderbilt tu be able to live decently in Greece.
These and many other evils are the causes for the continuous flow of immigration into America. Many villagers as v;ell as city people leave a curse behind them
r
C-.
Ill G - 6 - GREEK
III H
The Greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907,
and depart for the uiiiaiov;n. They v;ant to forret Greece because her atmosphere is so depressing. VJhen he comes to America he finds that prices are cheap, the atmosphere is bright, the environment is better and nore attractive, business and industry are normally in demand of help, and life generally is rather com- fortable. All is different here. The prowling tax collector and the hungry law enforcement officers are not to be found here. There are no tax-exempt Shylocks here who drain the life blood of the poor farmer and v.orker.
Introduce administrative reforms, destroy the devastating spirit of compromise, reform the internal political system, control Greek business and finance, as the ^imerican Government does, force them to sell at low prices without depriving them of a reasonable profit, and then be assured, dear friends, that the huge
Besides these, we have in Greece a horrible and highly inadeouate educational system v^^ich is expected to enlighten and properly educate the people. Those c^ who have studied in the Greek Gymnasium (Trans, note: the Greek equivalent of
0-3
CD
our high school) are almost good-for-nothing. r>o
c^
Ill G - 7 - GREEK
III H
The Greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907.
flovj of immigration v.ill decrease.
Yes, this growing gangrene of the Greek nation vail disappear because an ex- cessive rate of imiidgration drains the nation's life-blood. It deprives a nation of its best and finest asset, the young manhood of the farm, tovm, and .^ city, leaving behind the old, the nonproductive, the useless elements of the r^^ population, ^inother factor is contributing to swell the tide of imraigration, <.-^ and that is the Greek Transatlantic Steamship Company, maintaining extensive P offices in Chicago. This company has been making huge profits by inducing and helping Greeks to come to ^onerica. It has become a regular racket. Through g its agents and ticket salesi/ien, thousands of our countrymen, who v;ould other- ^ wise be afraid to leave their country and sail across the vast expanse of the p Atlantic Ocean with other IiAiropean iminigrants, decide to inake the long voyage I on a Greek steamship and in the company of friends and members of their own nationality. These Greeks know that they will be among Greeks not only on board ship but also in their wanderings across the i^aaerican continent in search of work. Naturally, many cannot resist the vivid and glowing description of
•^13
Ill g - 8 - G£RESK
III H
^rhe greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907.
the wonders of iiiaerica and the unliioited opportunities vihich are awaiting the ambitious and eager-eyed iin;aigrant, llie stearaship cojupany can bait the simple immigrant very easily. Just a few figures speak eloquently of this thriving stearaship business. On its second voyage to Aiierica one greek liner had 1,740 ^ passengers; on its third trip it transported 1,3^j1. God only laiov;s how many 5^ more will be brought to this land in the future on this and other lin3rs. ^::i
We do not wish to harm the interests of the greek Transatlantic Steamship Company; vje merely v;ish to remind it that any further increase in the number of greek imraigrants to xjnerica harms greece and plays great havoc mth the economic welfare of our country. This same company is sending one ix. i^oroitis to Jhicago for the purpose of encouraging and organizing the immigration service. Llay we remind the steamship agents that the greeks of Chicago would like to dis- courage the flow of immigration at least for the time being for very good reasons.
It is one thing to encourage iiamigration but another to go through the adven- tures, hai'uships, and perils that the imi.iigrant has to experience upon arriving
CO
I
Ill Gr - 9 - QKgjIK
III H
The Greek Star, Nov. 22, 1907.
in the land of Columbus.
Our fellov^ countryaen in this city have been throUi^h the mill. jr^.t this tiiae, when x^erica is ueatherin^"^ a severe depression and when labor opportunities are scarce to propose fui'ther i.^i-.i^jration is to do harm both to ourselves and to those who will come here.
•
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'71
III G- GR1£K
The Star, Aug. 30, 1907.
?:]i; GHj^^ ^'^iD ;iiiiRiGAii c:.TiZiJi;3iiip
(Editorial)
\iQ are publishin.'^ several articles of the .lew Av.erican law on naturalization
and citizenship for the benefit of tnose a:nong our people v;ho do not know about %
the provisions of the 1..;: or ho.v these provisions affect them.
iuiv applicant .'or citizenship papers -ast iiave resided in the United States ^ for five years before he can ^et his second papers and thus become naturalized, p^ Those, hov/ever, v/ho Inve served in the armed forces of the United States for ^ at least one year, vvho have been honorably discharged, and who nave been given o a release certificate, are not required to satisfy the five-Tear residence requirement. The following are some of the relevant aruicles on the natur- alisation of foreign-born residents of the United States: /Translator's
Ill G - 2 - GR.:::i;
The Star, **ug. 30, 1907.
note: These excerpts Tron the naturalization lav/ have bi:ixi'a omitted in translation.^
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I D 1 a
III H Star, May 24, 1907
I C
of his treatment at the hands of blood-sucking leeches. His govern- ment, apparently, has no use for him. But as soon as he is established in the new world and by the sweat of his brow accumulates a few dollars, sweet songs solicit his generous contributions.
ISho, if not the government, could be responsible for this thievery? Who is the one to prosecute dishonesty, if not the govsmment?
Our appeal is directed to the Greek govemynent, the immediately responsl- bre party to push the prosecution of the guilty and if this fails The otar« unwillingly, will appeal to the good name of the Steamship companies in Greece, to take measures and clean the rank and file of dishonest and un- scrupulous agents, a disgrace to the companies.
Undoubtedly the Steamship companies will be raore interested than the Greek government in stopping this unhealthy practice, because it not only reflects-.
Ill G - 4 - GREEK
I i) 1 a
III K Star, Lay 24, 1907.
I C
upon the integrity and good naiae of the companies, but also is injurious from a corrmiercial point of view.
Let us hope that the situation will be remeaied either one xvay or the other.
But the real object of this article is to interest the Qreek government in taking a hand against the abuse of the greenhorn and jrove to all of us that I other-L-reece is interested in her sons, v/hether liviii{3 in Greece or going abroad.
y
\
III G Star, June 15, 1906.
II B 2 d (1)
I A 2 a PATRIOTISM THE DUTY OP THE GRSm IN AlffiRICA ^P^ (i' *.) PROi. 3(1275
I A 2 b
II A 2 (Editorial)
III A III C III D I C
I G I J
Ha Greek who comes to America ever intends to establish himself here. He comes with the fixed purpose of acquiring a certain amount of money and then returning to his family and his beloved birthplace. Por a long time he clings to that idea. American habits and customs, American greatness and idealism for some time have no influence upon him. These wonderful things in the New World may be all right, but his purpose remains unchanged; he is going back to his Greece.
He looks with contempt upon other immigrants who immediately after arriving apply for naturalization papers, renounce their native lands, and embrace a new country ofwhich they know nothing, according to his reasoning at least. Not for himl He is a Greek and would remain a Greek even if this country was Adam and Eve's Paradise.
QREEg •2-
Star, June 15, 1906. W?A (ILL) PROJJ0£75
He llkee the co\mtry*s wealth, and he came here to get as much of it as he could. He admires and respects America's freedom and justice, hut to become anj^ thing else than Greek is for him, absolutely inconceivable. To throw off his nationality as easily as he takes off his shirt is not in his make-up. People who do not have no solid fo\mdation of patriotism. The Greek has remained Greek the world over. Greeks have gone through fire and water, through slavery and annihilations. Their tongues have been cut out because they defied tyrants and spoke Greek where it was prohibited, but they have remained Greeks. Their divine religion, their divine languages, and their divine love for Mother - Greece have pulled the race through. Oceans of Greek blood shed, untold suffering and sorrow, crucifixion . and hanging of ministers of the Greek Church have not changed the Greek.
But America the great, America the Tiniversal for the first time in the history of the Greek race has accomplished the impossibility of yesterday; that is, Greeks are becoming Americans. They are becoming Americans not only through naturalization but also through devotion and love for what America stands for, - liberty, equality, and justice for all. These things have changed the mind of the unalterable Greek. After slow but careful examination he discovers that no ether country on earth is so truly and solidly foiinded on these three divine principles, - liberty, equality, and justice for all, - as America is. The Greek intractability is swept away by the true universal brotherhood of American idealism.
{jSESK.
-3-
Star. June 15, 1906. WPA (ILL) PROj. '::.■:,; o
His fixity of purpose, his tenacity, and his dreams of going "back to Sreece to lire there for the rest of his natural life are things of the past. Thousands of Greeks are already established here. Thousands will follow suit. And the Greece of America in years to come will shine over the horizon as ancient Greece did. Patriotism will distinguish the American Greeks among all the other integral parts of which this xiniversal cermtry is composed.
Patriotism is the sacred duty of Greeks in America. Devotion, faithfulness, love, and self-> sacrifice are the elements of which patriotism is molded. The Greek's patriotism for America must he as sacred as the Greek's patriotism for Greece. The sun may change its course but America will never attack Greece, nor vice versa. Mother - Greece therefore should he considered as one state of this glorified Union. That is the only way to look at the thing. That is the only way in which our patriotism for America can be true and solid. That is the only way in which the American Greek can preserve his indentity; namely, to consider Greece as a spiritual state of this Union and America as the whole ideal state which includes Greece. But patriotism cannot be bought in the market, nor can it be acquired in universities; colleges, or any other institutions of learning, nor is there any power which can invest people in it as in a garment. Patriotism must be in the blood of the individual, a substance within the man* Patriotism must be in the heart, in the brain, in the soul, and in the whole body.
6HEEE
.4-
St^ June 15, 1906. ^,p, ^jj^^_- p^^^ ^^^.^
It calls for personal sacrificei There is no other duty holier than the duty to our country. And there is no room left in the individual's heart for any conflicting emotion when patriotism is in the blood. We Greeks in America aew must do for our descendants what our ancestors did for us; we must lay the fotindations of patriotism for our Greek-American generations to come. Patriotism must continue to exist in the blood and not on the surface. Future Greek- American generations which will constitute the new Greece of America must be prepared for now. The patriotism of the individual begins in the cradle and endures till death, but the embryo of patriotism must be cultivated and nourished before birth. Therefore it if the task and the duty of the Greeks in Ameiica to instill patriotism now in the embryo of future Greek- American generations. And by so ding not only shall we do ourdity to our adopted cotintry, but we shall also automatically assist Mother-Greece. If Greece is to be considered as a state of this glorious United States, Greece must be remembered and loved by coming generations and this can be brought about by these three agencies: the Greek Church, Greek patriotic organizations, and the Greek press.
The little Greece of America is composed of Greeks from every sections of Greek territory, liberated and unliberated, and of Greeks from various parts of the world which are not Greek. No country on earth except America has so large a number of Greeks from Turkey, Boumania, Macedonia, Thrace, Epirus, the Archipelago, Asia Minor, Egypt, Africa, Bussia, England, India, and many other parts of the globe, - all these in addition to Greeks from every part of Greece.
GBEEE
-5-
Star, June 15. 1906^ WPA (ILL: PROi, 302/5
This variegated mass of Greeks is composed of Christians of the Greek Orthodox Church, that suhlime edifice of Christ, and these Greek Christians are likewise spiritual and emotional subjects of Mother - Greece* Their traditions, habits, and customs differ, as well as the national cuid racial currents of their thought; nevertheless they are truly and solidly brother-Greeks in their own particular: ways.
Chieago't Greek community, composed of fellow-Greeks from all the above-mentioned countries and territories, enjoys the honor of having established the first Greek Orthodox church in the New World. This Chicago church is the first Greek Christian edifice to shelter so variegated a mass of Greeks in perfect religious unity and concord. This is of tremendous importance. One meets there his fellow-Greeks from all parts of the world, shakes their hands, and becomes interested in their affairs. Greeks from \inliberated territory talk of the sufferings and the sorrows of their brothers and sisters who still live in these unredeemed Greek lands. That arouses Greek patriotism and ayxopathy, and this awakening is followed by united Greek action in behalf of those unfortunate compatriots and in behalf of all Greece. United thought and united action bring benefit to all concerned.
All these various Greek elements are united under the spiritual ministration of the Greek Church; all are instructed in the iDEiportance of patriotism; and all enjoy the blessings of freedom, equality, and Justice \mder the protection of the American
GBSEK
-6-
Star. June 15, 1906. WPA (ILL,> PROJ.3(]27i.
flagy the flag which is tolerant of the Greek Church and of all religious faiths. !Fhe life of the Greek Church in America depends upon future generations of Greek. Americans, not of generations of Greeks. It is therefore one of the parsunount duties of the Church to perpetuate patriotism for America in the hlood of coming generations and to inculcate in them the ideas of love, devotion, and self-- sacrifice for the country that gives us liberty, equality, and justice. But being true, devoted, and faithful to America the present and the future generations automatically assist the cause of Mother«*Greece.
The second factor in keeping patriotism alive in the blood of the individual is the patriotic societies. Greeks in Chicago and everywhere in America must form patriotic organizations to keep the fire burning in the present generation and to transmit deep-rooted patriotic feeling to those who will come after us. Future Greek-American generation must be the foremost patriots among all the elements which compose this great democratic and philanthropic country. Patriotic societies will erect Greek schools to instruct the youngsters in the divinity of the Greek language and in the traditions and the achievements of the Greek race. The schools in conjunction with the Church will teach the children that they are descendants
of a glorious nation and live in the most glorious country in all the world, and
GREEK -7-
« T iR lon^ WPA (ILL) PROi 3(S/5
Star, June 15, 1906.
that It is their imperative duty to glorify themselves as offspring and natives of these two outstanding countries.
The Greek press in America is the third factor in keeping patriotism alive in the hlood of the Greek race in the United States. Service to the Greek race should he the purpose of the Greek newspapers in America* This service must he honest, true, and loyed, and its effect will he far-reaching and tremendous. Not only America will be benefited by it but Mother-Greece as well. Religious and patriotic articles printed in the Greek press are bound to uplift the moral tone of the present generation and to mold the plastic mind of future generations. The heavenly beauty of the Greek language must be kept before the eyes of living Greek-Americans, and of those not yet bom. Communities and individuals must be rebuked when they stray from the path of righteousness. For the sake of material gain we are likely to forget our duty to our country and to Mother- Greece. Some kinds of religious agitation and some destructive pacifist propaganda now prevalent may becloud the minds of present and future generations in regard to patriotism. But the press in conjunction with the Church and the patriotic societies must keep a vigilant eye over Greek communities that all these forces antagonistic to patriotism and this disguised monster of pacifism ma^ not affect the traditional principle of the Greek race, the principle of patriotism.
The life of the Greek press in America fitlso depends upon future Greek- American
GBEEK
t i
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Star> J\me 15, 1906. .,,«.. ,, , , ,
^ WPA (ILL) FRCi ovm
generations. Therefore its work for the Greek race is automat icsdly a work of self-preservations. Indeed, honest and faithful service to the Greek communities in America is the salvation of the Church and of the press and will effect the perpetuation of our race.
The Greek race in America, when it is well established, and if patriotism remains in its blood, will stand out as a patriotic example for others to follow and imitate. Little Greece in America will T)lay a big role in years to come.
The formation of patriotic societies should be undertaken at once. Prominent Greek- Americans should devote a part of their time to organizing these societies, not only by cities but everywhere. The Star is ready and willing to assist any group of our fellow-Greeks anywhere in the United States to form these patriotic organizations.
Let us begin now. Let us be united for our own good, for the good of our adopted coxxntry, and for Mother-Greece.
\ HI S CaREEK
< n A 2
I A 3 start Uar. 2, 1906^
lU A THE INACCURACIES OF THE EUROPEAN PRESS ^^^^ ^^'^'^'^ PRjJ 30/75
HI H THE UNSKILLED LABORER IN AliERICA IS NOT A SLAVS.
I C
I J (Editorial)
SoiM nanrapapers in the Greek capital and in other European countries have printed articles picturing the condition of the unskilled worker in America as ^intolerable slaTery»* %e7 have further represented the iaarican capitalist in conspicuous colors as a leech of enormous size sucking the blood of ignorant immigrants who hays been lured to the land of the free by fantastic stories of wealth and of fancy standards of living.
The Qreek Star of Chicago, which has gained a large circulation in Greece » taJces exception to these untrue stories and as it usually doesy hastens to correct the inaccuracies for the benefit and enlightenment of Greeks abroad.
HI 6 • 2 •• CaFUSEK
II A 2
I A 3 Star% liar. 2, I906«
lul WPA (ILL) PROj. 50275
HI H
I c
I J
Since the najority of the Greeks who enter this country are eoployed as unskilled laborers 9 and since these Greeks are part of the whole mass of unskilled immigrantsy we will draw a line of limitation and deal specifically with the Greek unskilled laborers to confute the inaccurate statements published abroad*
First of ally the Ifaiited States of America is known all over the world as the most advanced democratic country in the whole civilized world* This statement is not hearsay nor idle words but cm indubitable fact* That is why the eyes and the hopes of those in need are focused upon this land of liberty i justice 9 and equality.
There is no other country on earth which can guarantee emd provide for all these three divine privileges»«»liberty , equality, and Justice. Svery sovereigns every government, and every diplomat of the world knows that beyond any reasonable doubt
America is the great champion of these princinlea.
HI 0 •• 3 «» GBEEK
II A 2
I A 3 Star. Var. 2, 1906^
Y A 2
IHH WPA(IlL.;PR0j.3a?ys
HI A
I c
I J
lad all the paeudo^ralers and would-be democratic gorerttments of the world trenible at the sound of the nd^ty voice of the Aaerican Republic proclaiming liberty > equality » and justice*
Jealousy 9 hatred » and prejudice are common to those who are not blest with the light of truth; iffiorance with its disastrous results is common to those idio refuse to be illumined by the shining beam of knowledge; and people afflicted with these faults are bound to eondenBi any and all good things and true under the sun* It is not therefore surprising to read in some of these Suropean papers that black is white and Tice versa*
in G - 4 -
H kZ
I A. 3 8tar« Meut. 2, 1906.
? A 2
ni H
III A
I c
I J
rNJMLH.
WPA rJLL) PROj 3a^75
If the defamatory articles were not written with deliberate purpose to deceive but through igEiorance, there still is no excuse for theau
The immigrant Greek arriving in this country is compelled by his obligations to his family f by his imperative duty to society) by his self-respect 9 and by his instinct of self-preservation to seek employment # la he a stone-^masotty a mschaniCy a plumber > or anything that flails in the category of skilled labor? Ho! He is not. Does he speak English? No! But he must find a Job and earn money if he is not to become a criminal. Naturally he will get a job that does not require skill nor the knowledge of English*
in G ** 5 -^ GSEEK
Star, Mar. 2, 1906.
WP.A (ill,) PROj 302/5
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it is true that he performs the worst sort of manual labor » but he is not prepared 9 or fit for anything else*
He is thaidcful to Grod that he finds something by which he may earn money honestly* He is also thankful— ^r if he is not^ he oug^t to be-»«»to the greatness of this democratic country. By reason of his aaming capacity and his station in life his standard of living is not equal to that of the skilled laborer, and the skilled laborer *s standard of living is not equal to that of the man of still higher earning capacity! and so on«
Ill 6 » 6 * QRBag
Star« Ihr, 2, 1906.
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The intelligent Greek unskilled laborer (and this applies to all intelligent unskilled laborers) keeps his eyes and ears open and soon learns a trade. His SngpLish is inproredf his earning capacity is increased, his station of life changes 9 and he advances to a hi^er standard of
The opportunity is given to him without discrimination, and because of his intelligence the insignificcuit unskilled worker of yesterday has become a ^somebody** today. Where in the world except in America is the same opportunity granted to millions of immigrants coming into a country to make their livingl Nowhere elssy of course^
Ill G - 7 •» GSESK.
Star* Uar. 2, 1906*
* WPA (ILL.) PKU; iv27h
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Ihy the hue and cry about the ^^intolerable slarery^ of the unskilled worker in America? Let us isqpartially examine the conditions and the standard of living of the unskilled worker in other countries, and what do we find# The Star does not wish to print the account of the condition in other countries not only of unskilled workers but even of skilled workers. Everybody who wants to know knows their condition and that if there is ** intolerable slavery** anywhere i it is not in America*
Plutocrats all over the world have as a rule the same code and apply the same methods; they amass fortunes by the sweat of the underdog's brow# Without exaggerating the facts we may say that with very few exceptions the American plutocrat is at least half humem, iriiile the plutocrats of the rest of the world are pictured as behaving like blood-thirsty beasts in the accumulation of wealth.
Ill G m. B ^ (21ESK
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Star. Mar. 2, 1906.
WPA(!LL)PR0;,3l.^-S
Wet as inqpartlal observers and expounders of truths do not agree with the universal conception of the plutocrat. The man who knows how to make and save money is a useful citisen and especially useful in our present stage of civilization. The moneyed man in any country, in spite of his wicked- nessf is useful to society , for factories » shops, railroads^ ^^^ founded
by his accumulated wealth f and the moguls of America have been a hundred years ahead of other moneyed meni for they have created useful^ beneficialf and uplifting things in America that cannot be found anywhere else. And he 9 the American plutocrat » living in America and breathing American airy has made the standsurd of living in America the highest in all the civilized world*
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•a 9 • GREEK
Star* Mar. Z, 1906.
v^pft (lit) PR'-^^ "'^'-^'^
The American unskilled laborer of today is therefore not in a state of "^intolerable slavery t** as the press of some Europeem countries has pictured him^ but he is a king conpared with the unskilled laborer of any other country*
^(vrjf.
III & dBJESK
Illinois Staatfl*Zelttmgt Jan* 25, 1892.
WPA (ILL) PRO.) 302 GHEEKS IN CHICAGO IN 1890
(According to Secretary Stones' statistics of the different nationalities in Chicago* which he published in 1891 , and which he based on the censixs of 1890 1 there were 698 Greeks living in Chicago at that time«)
III. ASSIMILATION H» Relations with Homeland
Ill H
GHiEK
WPA(!LL.)PROJ.30ki7a
The Greel. Star. Jan. 1, 1937
ifli. BEiii-^TAios g-::ij:ral coiisui. lo Chicago
The rumor th?.t --r. Benetatos, Director of the Cabinet, is to be appointed Genersl Greek Gonsiil. to Chicrgo, has been confirned. 't. 3enetc-tos is one of the oldest and nost cowietfrnt of Greece's diolomptic officers.
Ill H
The Sreek Star, Dec. 25, 1936.
GREEK
A COlCvIITTEE FORlrlED :?0R TlIE DODECANESE.
An international committee has been organized for the defense of the G-reek Islands retained by Italy despite the fact that by her officigj. admission she has no right to possess them.
This committee bears the name Pentodekanisos and its aim is to strive by all methods to secure the liberation of the islands on which Italy is sqiiatting like an incubus.
Italy occupied the Greek Islands temporarily and stated that they would be evacuated at the T)roper time, i.e., as soon as Turkey, had fully complied with the terms of the treaty which closed the African Tripoli tan war. But that time will never come if this is left to Italy's free volition.
The islands vere and still are Greek. Their commercial significance is not of much importance to Italy. They must be returned to Greece.
This is the message conveyed to us by Pentodekanisos, the international committee, in anouncing its formation. The cooperation of all Greeks is asked in the rude unceasing struggle which they have undertaken.
Ill H IV
erjjiH:
Salonlkl^Qreek Press, Oct, 22, I936
THE FHALAXIX QROANIZATION OF GESEK VZTERANS WILL GSLEBRATS THE ANNIVERSARY OF CAPTURE OF SALONIKI IN ST. DXUBTRIOS
CHURCH.
The celebration of the event of the captiire of Saloniki from the ^T'orks, in 1912, is to be obserred by the Phalanx organization of Greek Veterans in a holy mass, Oct. 26th , at St. Bemetrios Chnrch^
Bishop Kallistos will head the religious ceremony aid Mr. Dritsas, repre- senting the Conral, will lead the parade. The Phalanx will have its official speaker in Andreas Vlapas, lawyer, who served in the Greek Amy dmring the wars of 1912-1913. Miss Bngenia Pilafa will recite and little Nick G. Mannon will be dressed in Poustanella, which he broTi^t from Greece two years ago*
^
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Svucih a bri^t ceremony, we are certain, will be attended by throngs of nationals, even if th^ have to leave their bnsiness for a few hoTirs.
II 11
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The Ft'-'te-^ient is :r:;e .lere thrt since !.rrch 213, l^^o, tl:iO first "oost of t^e or,|^o2iir:^.tion Phalr-:"^, co^Mor-ed of Iree^ir in Ar::erica, "^ho were veterans of J-reece, hr-p. oeen or-::rni'Ted. in Ciiic; ;o mcl hr-F oeen functionin;^ contin- Tjousl;/.
Its oo.iect ir-: tiie contimi.'-tion of ^'^r s.-^cre^ ^triii-^ .le? to ^rive Ire x ^.atio.'iplisin c^'id -oreserve J-re^:. iderl^ r-^"'.on,;-side the AneriCcon ider-l? :^'or the ne^v gener^tio:^! r-ivich, in tiie --loin, cor.i-^)Osef: tl.~ center of o-ir Mission, (instractionf folTo^- r? to ;:o:" to or^;;;?.ni"e in r1 ^. orrtp of t'le coiintr.'-^, v: i\ e r e V p r >r e e • : s r r e f o una — T r r. n ?? 1 .'^ 1 0 r ) ,
In r-liin-; t-'iis -jnovrn to yo'i, i-^e o;o-oe.'^^'l for a s^:)eed:/ nrtionrl rr.?.T ', ^onder the r)rotection of oir on^^ ^jic. nndivide''' mother nost. As in '^!PT tines so todry, YTO m-i.st nove '^niclclv. A ^nch nore e:-:ten?.ive fielrl of rction is before us in ti^.e of -oe^^ce, T:iis field of honor iii ti:ie of peace ow^ht to notiv^^e 70".ir d-rin,;;, especially in triose of you who, 'oj t'jalr co^:rrye pnd hrrv-:'r:/, carried tiirouj:: t.ie triurjhs of nrtionrl lioerty d-arin;-: the
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various ^ti'*"j.-^,les of Greece for freedom, -nere i? no ro.-eon for yon to live p life of "orivrtion :^na insi,^if icpnce. Heroes sho'a]-d lift their hecxl? r:ith -jvlde. 'liieir stru:; ;ler pna. sacrifice? for t*i^- Treedrrn^'P^my million?^ r^ub.TBcted to ?.lrver ' in ^i-reece, entitle tnen to ?uch -^ ri.';ht. It is^ tine ti'^-t t iev ?erl tneir v7ar-^lor'v' Or t\:^ ;lor-^ of ^^ oe^ce-tirie ?tr'ij::..le, not rt ?11 inferior to v.-c^-r-'cattles. This achievement is c^ssared 07 me:::"bers of tae notlier post of Veterans of --reece, -vitli all 'cneir ner-rt?. 'nd souls.
On the strenj,t'i of our niilitpry decision, the re-enf orce^nent of the Phpl?nz's friends, pnd t-.e ir.r)rrtirl sup-^ort of tee J-reeks in A:::ericr-, the v'ork of the Phrlrn:: vTill "be : Guccess ,^nd ne-:* li •.'■"it ^.vill -oenetr-'te the !:iinds of those v/no d:"e.'^ri of t^ ne^; Hellenic ^Teptnes:--, n- tionrl pnd r 1 f- o '."0 r 1 d-v;i de .
T'.:e executives of tre ner/ly or-;,'-mi:^ed ^'hrlc-^nx, '.'"it":: its 'lenDers, ,;^reet the .-jnericr^n Jreeh yoter/^;ns ^nd renind them of their heroic deeds in iiioiror-, cedonir , -.ir.^ce, the Islands r?:id Asia hinor, r-nd call u;3on t^.e:-: to
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or,:rnir^e.
in H
•
GREEIC X"^,
Saloniki-Sreek Press » Aug. 6, 1936
A LEGACY OP GREECE (New York Times)
p. 1- It is doubtful if any Olympian festival, from the first in 776 B.C., has had a more impressive opening than that of 1636 A.D. The new amazement is that the very scenes were carried almost in- stantly (more swiftly than the messages of the Gods by Mercury), across continents and seas and presented by telephotography to the sight of men, women and children of different races, nationality and language, thousands of miles away. To the reporter's Pindaric art, so remarkably exhibited in the account, this miracle has been added, more incredible than the norths of ancient Greece.
The mind of Hellas, which "blossomed with a wondrous flame" has cast its seed to all winds of heaven, and in a very literal as well as figurative sense. Moreover, it was prophetic of a wider sowing. If, as one of the greatest of world poets has said, there is now no higher intellect to brighten the world than little Hellas owned, it is for cur human welfare that we avail of what she gave*
\^0/ <c//
- 2 - GREEK
Saloniki-&reek Press, A\x^. 6, 1956
That ftoich is to be especially remembered of this particxilar gift of her early owning is that during the period of the games in ancient times none in all the territory of the contests were permitted to bear arms. It became temporarily "sanctified". Safe condtict was assured to all who travelled to Olyrapia* Here in the "sacred truce" was the microcosm (for a few days, at least every four or five years) of a world at peace.
Not only was every part of Greece represented, but vast numbers of spectators came from Asia, Africa and Sicily — in such numbers that most of them had to sleep out under the open sky — an augury, it may be considered, of the coming of an enduring peace for the larger world from Hellas to Hesperia. For more than a thousand years 01ympia,as the seat of the games, was the national center of Greek religion and the. scene of the greatest athletic festival the ancient world ever knew*
That the next festival bearing this historic and stirring name is to
*»^ ^
f
- 3 - GREEK
Saloniki-Greek Press » Aug. 6, 1935
"be held in Japan su^ests the inter-racial and international natxire of this now planetary organization, which may come to be one of the great- est of all agencies in the promotion of fairness in all human relations*
• _
/ ,-
Ill H The Greek Star, July 10, 1936
GREEK DIALECTS
The contemporary popular dialects that are spoken in different parts of Qreece^ are not the only ones that a fellonF-writer referred to a few days ago in his article* There are others he missed which capable ones among us ought to have studied as language material*
The Korakistika that the children use for the sake of enjoying themselves, attaching a suffix to every syllable at the words beginning with E and ending with the vowel of the syllable, to which this suffix is attached, certainly is not a dialects Eorakistiki is understood easily by the listener* Ifhen a friend tells you in Korakistika, "tha^ka Phi-ki jo-ko to-ko ra ka* you imderstand that he tells you, "tha phiyo tora" (I shall go now) , no matter how quickly he tells it. You answer, "Ke-ke pou«*kou thar^ka pa»ka te-ke?" Which is, "Ke pou tha pa-te?" (And where will you go?) He xmderstands you also at once, irtiile the third person present may tmderstand, also, but with some difficulty if he is not prepared* This is the so-called Korakistika. Others, however, attach a suffix beginning with a different consonant than K and make thlDigs more diffictxlt to understand*
However, besides Korakistiki, the residents of Village Stemnitsa of Peloponnesus
The Greek Star> July 10, 1936
have introduced something different than Korakistika "by which they understand one another, and ivhich their nei^bors, residents of Gortenia and Megalopolis* also imderstand, nhile the rest of Peloponesians do not* How they ever thought of it and speak it so easily I do not kaow« (Explanation follwws as to this method, which is rather complicated - Translator). A third individual who mi^t he present will not know their method of reversing the syllables of the words at certain consonants, is unable to tmderstand because they also use symbolic words and other words of unknown origin, as for example the word - Mpaniko, which means ••poly*' (much), fhen th^ want to say ••ehei polla**, they say ••heei npanico** (There are many). 'Tassari** which means '•Erasi** (wine) etc«
In the bi-syllable words the reversing of syllables or the changing of the positions of the consonants, is easy* But in the tri-syllable words, where the consonants of the second syllable are placed at the beginning of the word, and the other syllables remain as they are, the reversing is more difficult* (Illustrations follow - Translator)*
The pure Modem Greek dialects, however, are the Tsakonika and Arvanitika* The second is a Greek-Albanian dialect which differs much from the one used in Albania today* It is spoken differently in the environs of Attica, in Parahora,
1
-3-
The Greek St ax, Jvly 10, 1936
the Islands of Salami s. Hydra and Spetsa, and other sections than it is spoken in Albania* It is knoim that Albanians today, maintitin that their language is the ancient Pelasgiau and Dr* Thomspoulos, in a great work of his, wanted to prove that the Albanian language is the ancient Cretian of the Minoian times etc« On the other hand, the late Dr* Loukas Bellos has proved that many Albanian records have their origin in Homeric roots with Latin additions, which throxigih centuries past have been disfigured due to different rules of pronunciation*
The Tsakoniki dicdect, to the study of which the late Defner had devoted, since 1862, his whole life, having edited its grammar and diction, is considered to be the ancient Dorian, showing the influence of Slavic pron\mciation and very little of the Latin« The root elements of the ancient Dorian language, however, are indisputable* Even so, there are other difficulties which cannot be easily explained away, despite every endeavor of Mr* Defner to find their roots and origin in the ancient dialects* He failed in some as he was deceived as to the origin of the word, Tsakonia, as Kynouria is called* (The author proceeds to show how Ur* Defner deceived himself and others who accepted his explanation •- Translator)* Against this daring explanation of the origin of the word, the truth is, that Kynovria, has been named Tsakonia, from the Slavic word, Zakon, and, Tsakoni, which means right, legal, privileged, the meaning of which the
-4-» GHEEK
The Greek Star, July 10, 1936
Greek people preserved In the proverb:
**Kathe topoe kae teakonl Kathe mahalas kae taxi***
**There is a privilege in every locality There is a cast (class) in every neighborhood" •
This proverb is known by all Greeks* And the ^ynourians had indeed privileges, for Taakonia since the Eighth Century B* C.^ was recognized even by the Frank conquerors*
D. G» Karachalios
Ill H Y A 1
Salonlkl-Greek Press. Apr. 16, 1936.
TOQB TO GBEBCE
f.ui^:y\:
It is with great pleasure that we announce tbat the Fan-Arcadian Union is sponsoring a conducted tour to Greece ^ for the benefit of the many Arcadians who desire to rerisit the homeland* They will sail July 16 on the ''Aquitania * of the Cunard White Star Line« Mr« Horoiiles Veron, director of the Atlas Shipping Agency 9 will be in charge of the tour« ^
This trip has been carefully planned , by the president of the Arcadians and >:::;
Mr* Veron, in such a way as to guarantee a large number of travelers and to p
guarantee to the trayelers the most for their money* It was decided to make the ^
trip by way of Paris* g
Ca>
The famous Aguitania ?rill take the tourists to Cherbourg within five and one- Di half days* Special coaches will take them to P&ris in six hours • In Paris , the taraTelers will stay at the aristocratic hotel of the steamship lines* The next morning they will be taken on conducted tours to all the famous and
Ill H - 8 -
Y A 1
Saloniki-^r«^ Press. Apr. 16, 1936.
beautiful sites in that historic city*
^.:l'J^>;
Then special coaches will again take the tourists to Athens , where a splendid reception will await them* It is understood that all the expenses for food, sleep, and train fare are included in the price of the passage, so the traveler's will not be burdened with extra expenses and trouble*
The above indicates that this tour is planned so well that not only will it benefit the Union but it wiU also serve as a pattern for other organizations to follow in the future. The Pan-Arcadian Union has done everything possible to assure the comfort and happiness of everyone taking the trip*««*«
i->
III. H (SRESK
7 A 1
Salonlkl-Greek Press, Dec. 26, 1935,
EIGHT HDNDIfflD DOLLARS SENT TO HOLE TOWN
The Chicago Greek society St. Andrew, composed of people who are natives of Visoka /Town in Kalavrita/, sent eight hundred dollars to their home town for the building of a church.
5
The main purpose of this organization is to build and encourage worth-while -n
pD
public works in Visoka, The Society is directed by.... c'
The St. Andrew Society has just received a letter from the local committee stating that the building will be completed by spring.
The Chicago natives of Visoka are to be congratulated for being so loyal to the home town and for devoting their time and money to so commendable a purpose.
Co
•v.
c-
Ill H T A 1
Saloniki- Greek Press. Mar, 5, 1936
^■»-— i^.^— ^ ■■!■ ■ ■■■■■■ ^^ ■ * '
v.u:h[h:
nOMEIN'S CLDB ZIANCE
A sufficiently large crowd of people attended the affair given by the Pethia Society of Qargallanon last Sunday. Not all of them were from Gargalianata and near-by Messinia; many people from other sections of Greece came to support ^ the worthy purpose of the dance • Money is being raised to build and conduct >^ a modern school in the town of Gargalianatai Greece* ^
Small tables were set up in one section of the large hall^ idiere refreshments were served to all the guests* Since thqy all knew one another a hilarious atmosphere prevailed* After the tables were cleeired various card games were ^ begun. Although the majority played bridge, a few groups stealthily played ^ poker* Still other groups, feeling more ambitiotis, had a mBirvelous time dancing*
>•♦
Ill H V A 1
Saloniki-Greek Press, Dec. 26, 1935.
GR3EK
EIGHT HUNDRED DOLLifflS KENT TO HOlffi TWN ^
Ilie Chicago Greek society St. Andrew, composed of people who are natives fr.
of Visoka /town in Kalavrita7, sent eight hundred dollars to their .C
home town for the building of a church, "^
r j
The main purpose of this organization is to build and encourage worth-while ^ public works in Visoka, "ftie Society is directed hyx... C
T3ie St. Andrew Society has just received a letter from the local committee
stating that the building will be completed by spring.
• 1^
The Chicago natives of Visoka are to be congratulated for being so loyal to the home town and for devoting their time and money to so commendable a purpose.
k ^n.
TTT "U
jy Greek News, Nov. 2, 1935. GREEK
THE DEMOCRATIC UKION.
A single glance at the picture of the mass-meeting of the Democratic Union in our last issue will prove to anybody how numerous and imposing it is, and from that one may judge how large a majority of the Greeks of Chicago are democrats.
The large hall of the Morrison Hotel was filled with people before the hour appointed, and Mr. John Mantas, the president, explained, briefly the reasons for the gathering and presented Mr. ^vanzelos Nomikos, who after a few remarks about the situation in Greece, introduced the speakers of the day, Messrs. P. Tjavakas, manager of the Greek Press, D . Michalopoulos, lawyer, B. Rousis, S. Kotakis, publisher, and Dr. G. Karaflos.
-2-
*
G-reek News, Nov. 2, 1935.
GBESK
At the close of the session a resolution was read, which was endorsed with great enthusiasm and loud applause for democracy, and the meeting was adjourned in perfect order and with expressions of lively interest in the democratic cause.
GREEK
III H
Greek News, Nov. 2, 1955. NATIONAL IS .10 POLITICAL LIASS-.IEETING
Last Siinday's mass-meeting of the Democratic Union of Chica^'O, at the Morrison Hotel, was conclusive proof of the democratic sentiments of the Greeks of our community and the Greeks of America generally. It also proved that there are no Royalist-minded Greeks in America. Now, if there are those who maintain that there are such people here, we challenge them to call such a mass-meeting of Royalists and see what strength they can muster. Never mind aoout five or six of them who get together in the Consulate offices and send telegrams to Athens, shamelessly lying and deceiving those in Greece by telling them that the telegrams are resolutions passed in mass-meetings. For after all they must have some shame even if they are called Royalists.
J. .1 1
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IP-5 The Greek News. Oct, 24, 1935. iii-^^
II A 1 '
<
2!]^0FESSI0NAL MEN FOR DEMOCRAC]^
The question of our politioal institutions in Greece v/as recently the subject of a long discussion by the Greek Professional Ven^ s Club of Chicago. The conclusion which they reached .;qs the only logical one; namely, they declared themselves unanin.ously in favor of the preservation of democracy in Greece.
The opinion which we have repeatedly expressed in these columns, that the Greeks in America are dernocrats, and that they could not be royalists, was vindicated at the last meeting o-f the Club; for no one declared himself a royalist, or dared to appear as suoh.
Differences of opinion sprang up only in the composition of the resolution, which was constructed so as to satisfy all sides and was finally adopted unani mously.
We extend our heartiest congratulations to the professional men of our com- munity and recommend them to the rest of our organizations as an example to be follov/ed; for they should ail express their opinion on so important and vital a matter as civil institutions, especially since they are now living in America.
{
III H
GREEK
Salonlkl-Greek Press. Oct. 17, 1935.
POLITICAL STHCJGGLE IN GREIECE
(Editorial)
Now, more than erer before , the Hellenism of America steadfastly maintains a lively interest in the affairs and events of the motherland, when matters are going from bad to worse* The sudden upheayal in Greece very Justifiably dis- turbs every Greek in America because the change does not better the situation in Greece, but points to events of catastrophic nature. Anxiety is increased ^ by new reports received from Greece, reports which militaiy censorships have allowed to go through. Indications are that the concept of the ^state** as the world conceived it during the last century has acquired a new interpreta- tion during the last ten years.
In our own anedysis of the Greek situation, we have not overlooked, veortain significant facts which have led to the present critical period* In practically
no
Ill H - 2 - GREEK
Salonlkl-^Greek Press. Oct. 17, 1935.
every nation of the world, a death struggle is taking place between two opposing trends of social and political thoughts One of these trends is baaed
upon the subservience of the individual to the state The other allows the
individual to live in freedom, in harmony with his fellow men, and to be served by the State*
The aspects of this continuous struggle change according to the type of arena
in which it is fought^ In Europe the struggle assxmes the characteristics of
the foremost leaders of each faction. Many European nations are trying to
keep in the middle of the road. In others it has assiomed extremes in the
form of dictatorships or semidictatorships — forms of government very popular ^
since the war.
In our own country such a struggle has been going on during the last twenty- five years. All through this time the two opposing policies have assumed many guises. Always the struggle has been based upon the relationship between the
GO
ro
TIT H — 3 — GrRESK
Salonlki-Greek Press, Oct, 17, 1935. state and the Individual.
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GREEK
111 H 0
I X
Oreek News, Sept. 11, 1935 Editorial— AHE THjIii^S GREEK ROYALISTS IN A^CERICA?
It may seem strange to ask the question a"opearing at the head of today's article; many would answer, certainly there are Greek royalists in America.
However, we douht that it is possible for people to live in America and still "believe in Monarchy, for the simple reason that these people cannot be of this epoch nor can they have a conception of contemporary life and conditions
There are worshipers of King Constantine here and those who hate Venizelos; there are people yet believing that the military movements and political irregularities in Greece are due to Democracy; there pre people that still really "believe that the institution of Monarchy is irapossi'ble. If we go to the "bottom of things and investigate, we will find that the so-called Royal- ists have a different motive triat sets them into motion as Royalists than the motive which prompts them to have faith in the institution of Monarchy,
If we examine this argument we will find that it is groundless, altogether, and that it refutes itself. Democracy is not a system of government only, "but an ideology and he who "believes in the Democracy of America can-
- 2 - GSSSK
)
Greek Eews. Sept. 11, 1935
not "believe in a Monarchy for Greece. You may as well "believe in Orthodoxy when in G-reece; Mussulmanism (luohamnedanism) when in Turkey; and 3uddi*isin
when in India It is ridiculous to claim that the Greek people
are not yet prepared for Democracy; it would he an insult to our race if we were, even for a moment, considered as inferior to others that have adopted the Democratic form of government.
As to those who ar^ie that you can have Democracy, v/ith e. King in the place of a president, and that there is no difference, whether a supreme archon is to follow "by succession rather than hy the choice of the people, we can simply tell them that if the President and. the Xing are the same thing, then why have a King? (Translators note: Examoles are cited from historical data of Greece against Kings and their cliques).
It is ridiculous to want to make a comparison "between a real Democracy and a Royalist Democracy, so lightly, and conclude that there is no difference whatever.
Tne contentions of the Greek royalists in America are totally without a ground. The Royalists should open their eyes and try to synchronize them-
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Sreek Hews. Sept. 11, 1935
selves with things as they are; understand that they live in the twentieth century in a country where the spirit of Democrary guides everything, and realize that Kings and institutions of Monarchy are historic events of the past, of an epoch that has gone never to return.
Ill H Greek News, Aug. 17, 1935. GREEK
A GREEK ST TESl^lAN VISITS CHICAGO. ^... ... , pDr- vyon.
This number of the Greek New8> liy a happy coincidence, is issued
simultaneously with the arrival of U. Papanastasios in our comsninity^
and wo we avail ourselves of the opporutnity to emphasize again what we
have already ardently insisted upon, that Hellenism in America must be
visited frequently by the politicians of Greece, and its life must be
seen by them at close range to get its viewpoint, for not only does
America have the most Grecian colonies in the world, but it is generally
admitted that this colony is a great economic factor for Greece, the significance
of which is recognized by the Greek State. The Greek State, however,
has never taken steps to investigate the matter closely and study it diligently,
which it ought to do if for no oth'^^r reason than to maintain this source of
wealth.
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WPA (ILL.) PHCJ 3G--n Unfortunately the* arrival of Mr, Papanastasios tLnder the present circumstejices is unfavorable for such a study because of the economic crisis which prevails in America today and the abnormal political situation in G-reece, on accotint of which he must hasten his departure. It is therefore impossible for him to go deeply into this matter and study the condition of Greeks in America and their national needs.
III H Sreek News. A\ig. 17, 1935. ffEtEBK \'^%H.
IV /mUXmS BY MR. A. PAPANASTASiq^
The political lecture given by Mr. Al, Papanastasiou iinder the auspices of the Democratic Union of Chicago we regard as one of the remarkable events of our community both as far as crowds are concerned and also for its ill"aminatin^; analysis. People were literally thirsting to learn from the mouth of an official the political situation in their country, and they went in masse to hear what is really going on in Oreece*
The Cameo Room of the Morrison Hotel was filled early. The orchestra
of Mr. Varzos, playing a beautiful Greek program, entertained the audience
until the speaker arrived, who was greeted with enthusiastic applause.
Mr. John Mantas ooened the program, speaking with his native Icarian accent, and he said a few stirring words to this effect.
•fl have many things to say, but not beirgan orator, I beg that you will try patiently to understand what will perhaps be imperfectly expressed.
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Greek Hews. Aug. 17, 1935. GBEEK Vc/
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I wish to tell Mr, Papansstasiou, however, that which we all feel, namely, that the Oreek Government has never taken care of the needs of Hellenism in America, in spite of the fact that American Hellenism has never ceased to take an interest in everything that happens in Greece. There may be some 77hose actions are all the result of cool calculation, hut the majority of our peoole are ful of patriotic snirit, and as soon as the revolutionary movement began in Greece, all we democratic Greeks united to help our fellow- democrats and the Greek democracy. We, livin^: in a democratic country, know very wer.l the benefits of democracy, and we want our country also to be governed by the system which makes people prosper.
That is why v;e are forming the Democratic Union, namely to organize the democratic Greeks of America and so to let American Hellenism express its democratic opinions.
Greek News, Aug. 17, 1935. GREEK ' ^ ^oV
Mr. Papanastasion was introduced by the presiding officer, Mr. Constantine AlexoDOulos.
Mr, Papanastasiou, in de'^^eloping his topic analyzed the institution of
monarchy in contrast to the institution of democracy from the historical,
philosophical, and governmental points of view, and he proved indisputably,
by arguments and by illustration, that the institution of monarchy is
obsolate. In proof of his thesis he pointed to the rejection of this
institution by all the nations established after the war except -Albania.
Thereafter Mr. Papanastasion thoroughly discussed the monarchv of Greece,
following to history since the establishment of the Oreek State. He
depicted with an array of historical facts the oppressive rule of King
Otho the successive attempts to overthrow him, the lack of political liberty
for that very purpose and the convict on of Kolokotronis who was condemned
to death for his protest against King Others tyranny. Mr. Papanastasion
then CDHtlnuMthe history of the Greek dynasties, or properly speaking
of the constitutional monarchy. In conclusion he compared the monarchy benefits of the democratic forms of governnent.
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I C Saloniki--areek Press, July 25, 1935*
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DIIOT3R DI HONOR OF MR. TAPM^ASTASIOU A BRILLI^TT GOMUITITT THIBUTS
The cherished hope of the Hellenes of Chicago to nake public their whole- hearted admiration for one of the finest of the leaders of Greece was realized by them last Friday niglit. On that evening a dinner ;vas given in honor of Mr* Alexander Papanastasiou, former labor leader of inter- national note. Petty jealousies, rivalries, disputes, and political differences were forgotten by all. Co-operation helped malce this din- ner something to be long remembered.
The head of the committee in charge was George Chiagourls. . . .The Uorrison Hotel was used as headquarters. Aside from Ghiagouris, who handled the details of the menu and the speakers • program, Mr. George Becharas also did much to insure the success of the dinner by distributing and selling tickets. He was aided by A. Peponis and John Athas
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I C Salonlkl -Greek Press, July 25, 1935.
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Hecalling the various events in the history of the Hellenes, of Chicago, and bringing to mind their other brilliant dinners and dances, we have reached the undeniable conclusion that last Friday's dinner, given in the Palmer House was, by far the acst outstanding social affair they have sponsored. The attendance was record-brealcing. Greeks from every walk of life, of eveiy political group, and of every type of en- vironrnent were present. Although fonaality made them say they were going to an honorary dinner, actually they came to see and hear a great Greek patriot.
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Sigjat o'clock found all the guests seated, anxiously awaiting their fii^t c^
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glimpse of the famous man. As soon as the tall dignified roan made his C^ entrance, the guests wildly cheered and applauded. The orchestra of ^ Nick Varzos played the Greek national anthem, which was sung by all, giv- ing them a gi*eat patriotic thrill.
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I c Saloniki -Greek Press, July 25, 1935.
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The service was perfect, dinner being served as only the Palmer House can serve it. During the entire iieal the orchestra played lovely Greek airs, makinc the setting purely Hellenic or Athenian,
One of the men who v/orked very hard to insure the success of the dinner
was Andrew KJarzas. He acted as toastraaster of the dinner, and so sat -^^
at the right of the guest of honor. Vflien dinner was over he started the
speakers* program by v/elconing the honored guest, calling hii^i the "Father
of Democracy". He then asked Dr. Constantine Theodore to be master of g
ceremonies.
Dr. Theodore began by saj'-ing that he was speaking in behalf of the entire Greek community of Chicago. Then, addressing himself to I;Ir. Papanastasiou he said:
"You are the man v/ho has made humanity realize a part of its dream for
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freedom and happiness, and by doing so have stepped into the
historj^ of the Greek nation. You are the one who has summoned the god- dess of democracy and restored her to her birthplace, lie who have joy- fully watched this take place greet you in the name of liberty."
His speech ended with this lyric strain: '^Ml shall soon see that only through the ascendancy of democratic ideals can Greece regain her former glory."
The next speaker was Constantine Paleologas 15ammon. First, he briefly reviewed the career of the guest of honor; then he defended the principles e^i of democracy as outlined by him
IJr. IJammon was followed by the young son of I.Ir. Chiagouris, who has just finished law school. He first welcorr.ed the guest in English, and then, in flawless Greek welcomed him again in behalf of the Greek-iUiierican youth of Chicago.
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One of the points he emphasized was that something be done by the Greek Department of ISducation for the Greek youth in Air-erica. "All of you are eagerly waiting to hear the words of our honored and beloved guest," he ^ said; and so the young man turned and asked I^. Papanastasiou to speak. 5
He arose with the air of an experienced public speaker and began his talk, ^
which lasted more than £in hour. '.iTe are sorry not to be able to rep3X)duce -u
the entire speech; unfortunately, we are not acquainted with Greek short o hand; so only the higli lights of the speech are herein noted.
"^y Dear Fellow Countrymen and Countrywomen! .... "This dinner will be one of my most pleasant and encouraging memories of American Greeks. Despite the fact that in the land v;here Plato was bom it is considered useless to strive to achieve an ideal which seems hopeless, I gladly accept the title of dreamer. ISy entire life has been devoted to create equality
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and understanding among the various classes. I sincerely feel
I must f i^ht for the existence of a system which insures the lowliest
individual the right to be a free nan.
^I distinctly recall the period vjhich followed the V/ar of 1397, when ^^
young men deserted their home tov/ns to emigrate to America to make their 5
fortunes. V/atching them go, v/e were filled with qualns about their safety -i:^
and existence, for they were all very yomig and uneducated. How could r^
they succeed in a foreign, highly competitive land? Me unconsciousl3'- com- -td
pared the Greek emigrants to America with the Italian laborers who came o
to Greece to work on the construction of the Isthmus of Corinth. V/e all Lo
recoiled from the working and housing conditions endured by the workers S and from their terribly low vjages.
"It did not take long for us to experience, however, benefits derived from the Greeks who had emigrated to America. The agricultui^al peasant class of Greece was poxverless in the hands of cheating moneylenders,
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usurers, and landlords. . ..Alone, they could never have paid off their debtors and prevented their families frou dyine; of staorvation. It was the money sent to tlie home town by a hard-working son or father in America that made all this possible. It is not difficult to imagine ^ the fate of thousands of poor families in Greece if one of its male ^ members had not courageously set out to lay tracks and open restaurants ^ in the United States. If the drachma /a. Greek coin^^ was kept from reach- ^ ing a new lovj, it was due to the effect of the currency exchange between S Greece and iimerica. The contributions to Greece were so generous that >- there is not one small to;vn which cannot boast of its road, church, school, hospital, or asylum which has been built by a t^mical society of Greeks in America. Sisters have been dowered, houses have been bouglit for old parents, entire families have been transplanted to Aiaerica, and hospitalization and surgery has been provided for even the most distant relatives by the con- tributions of the sacrificing men ^reek imraigrant^ in this land. America has helped make Greece and v;e want to make Greece democratic and prosperous like America.
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"A large part of the benefits came directly froin the large popu- lation of Greeks in Chicago."
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Salonlkl-<?reek Press, July 18, 1935»
PAPANASTASIOU VISITS AMEIRICA
(Bditorial)
With the exception of but one other time, the Hellenism of America has never expressed more strickingly the love which still binds it to Greece than it did yesterday when Alexander Papanastasiou was met at his train* Great and ^ glorious Greece, whose ancient citizens are still considered the finest ^ exponents of thought and science, cannot claim many great men during the ^ past hundred years. She cannot point out strong and dynamic leaders who will ^ leave evidence of their existence in the history of the world; she has few ^ international figures* Four hundred years of slavery destroyed every idealistic ^~ and creative urge in the people* Hie productive capacity of the land itself was lessened rather than increased* Cicero once said, ♦'V/isdom was enthroned ^ in the very hovels of the Greek people*** All that was destroyed by the Turks during their tyrannical reign*
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Salonikl-Greek Press, July 18, 1935.
The lamp of knowledge, lihich had belonged to the Greeks for thouseuids of years, was dimmed when Constantinople was made an eastern city. While Greece was intellectually deteriorating, the Western Hemisphere was rapidly learning, socially and ideologically. Following the liberation of the Greek nation, the Greek intellectuals turned to the western world for illumination. At first, ^ only the children of wealthy parents could go to Europe for study. Before g long, however, the middle classes began to realiee the Importance of intellectual -;. training and made every effort to study abroad. By the beginning of the twen- p tieth century the majority of Greek intellectuals had been educated in Europe^ z^ Up till then, most of these students had had very practical reasons for going g to Paris or Berlin. They merely wanted to get better positions in their fields ^^ of activity. From 1905 to 1910 we see a noteworthy number of Greeks going o to Europe on government scholarships for the express purpose of studying the o=f various governments and the political policies of that turbulent continent. All who lived in Greece during that period probably recall the plethora of intel- ligentsia who having studied in Europe, returned armed with the knowledge of the new social cosmogony which was then spreading over Europe. A spirit of
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Salonlki -Greek Press, July 18, 1935#
liberty was growing and horizons were widening, preparatory to a new, syn- chronized social rebirths
These men were the brightest Greek minds of their time, and for that reason won the support and admiration of the people who, due to the foolish governing .policies to which they had been subjected, were seeking new men to lead 'them • One of those men who saw the rapid widening of the new horizon €uad who sensed ^• its tremendous possibilities was Alexander Papanastasiou* He was one of that ^ group of sociologists...«The map of Europe and the rest of the world underwent ^J* many changes during these times^ Governments and political organizations were i-j basically changed, and scane were completely uprooted. Kings and tyrannical o dictators made their appearance upon the scene. Apostles and heralds of the Lj social change went over to the side of the enemy and "black jacked ** the freedom of their countries*
Alexander Papanastasiou was the only man in Greece to remain true to his politi- cal and moral beliefs. ••••Active in the political life of his country, he reached
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Saloniki-Greek Press, July 18, 1935.
high peaks of renown; for, despite the many upheavals and radical changes he maintained his spiritual and moral precepts, and remained true to his political faiths He knew his beliefs were founded on truth and justice* This is the • brief outline of the life of Mr* A* Papanastasiou, who is internationally acknowledged as a great leader; and who is now the defender of democracy in Greece. Educated as are few other Greeks, a modern patriot, calm in spirit, •$ and above petty political jealousies — he has earned the respect and love of 2 every Greek in the world. To an even greater extent has he earned the love of p the Greeks in America iiriio have acquired a social consciousness about liberty rj €Uid equality because they live under a government run according to the rules -u of the Constitution as outlined by Jefferson* Jefferson has always been the o idol and inspiration of our celebrated visitor and, therefore, has indirectly Lo helped to write the Constitution of our own Greek democracy — • fought for and § won by Alexander Papanastasiou* ^
The Greeks of Chicago are proud to welcome a great democrat.
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Salonikl- Greek Press ^ July 18, 1935 •
ARRIVAL OF A. PAPAJIASTASIOU
Hellenic Democracy.
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The long-awaited day finally arrived. It will be one of the iinforgettable high lights in the annals of the Greek Community of Chicago. Activity in ^ our conammity began in the early inoming hours. At the offices of the
reception committee the members were receiving final instructions about the -^ part they were to play in the reception of Mr. Alexander Papanastasiou* He v- is the leader of the Farmer Labor Party of Greece and organizer of the Neo- p
en
Halsted Street and its Greek stores vjere overrun with Greeks of every locality and political'belief who were waiting to go to the Union Station to meet the celebrated visitor • The International Restaurant/, owned by ISr. A# Spyropoulos, was headquarters for the Arcadians who are proud of belonging to the same locality as the famous guest.
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IV Saloniki^-Greek Press, July 13, 1935.
Various Greek notables and dignitaries kept arriving on the scene. At their head was John Mantas, president of the Greek Democratic Organization of Chicago. Others on the reception committee v/ere: G. Karaflos; William Trakas, chemist; James Perry, laivyer; A* Despotes and S* Soter, physicians; Spyrus Kotakis, journalist; and Andrew Karzas,
The above group went to Elkhart Indiana to board the train before its arrival ^
in Chicago, The station at South Bend was filled with Gfereeks from that ^
community, irtio added their greetings to those of the receiving group. o Mr. Papanastasiou was presented with many bouquets.
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The Chicago Greeks began to gather at the Union Station at one o'clock, despite the fact that the train would not arrive until 2:50 P. M. The reception committee nearly ^'melted** as they hurried to get everything in
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Salonikl-Greek Press > July 18, 1935»
order for a dignified and i2ig)osing reception* Reporters from the American press were amazed at the Greek patriotism displayed^
IVhen the train finally arrived, the relatives of Mr« Papeinastasiou were > led to the coach that they might meet again their distinguished relative, ::: Then Mr* Papanastasiou made his appearance before the large crowd.. •••He was r; conducted to a waiting automobile as hundreds tried to shake hands with him...:^?^ His newly-married son, Costa, and the bride were with him.
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George Becharas and John Athas helped the reporters to get stories and ^"^ pictures. Then with some of his old friends, such as, G. Chiagouris, John Raklios, And3?ew Vlahos, A. Pepoyd.s, and VL. Hatsos, the guest entered the automobile. There Dr. N# Salopoulos was stationed on a dais so that he could
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Saloniki-greek Press > Jxily 18, 1935»
welcome Mr* Papanastasiou in the nane of the Greek Coimmmity of Chicago* The gray-haired, dignified physician spoke in a voice choked with emotion as he welcomed his friend to Chicago. The crov;d enthusiastically applauded the speech of Dr. Salopoulos, for he is the best-loved Greek in this city. Then the celebrated guest ascended the rude platform and thanked the Hellenes of Chicago for their touching tribute to him and to the policies he represents.
He appealed to the Greeks to destroy all antagonisms and political ideas which serve to divide them, and to present a **united front ^ in order that they might succeed. • •« •
At the close of his speech he journeyed to the Blackstone Hotel where another reception committee aivaited him.
It is announced that lir. A. Papanastasiou ivill receive any individixals or
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Salonlki-Greek Press, July 18, 1935.
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groups who desire to weet him in his suite^ provided they call Mr* Silas Tsanetis and make an appointment first. Ho has already accepted many tnvitations for dinners to be given in his honor by the various Greek societies. He will be the guest speaker on next Friday at the dinner given for him by the Greek Men^s Professional Club at the Bisiaarck Hotel*
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Salonikl -Greek Press, May 30, 1935*
Restoration of monarcet dtvitss dictatorship
(Editorial)
Greeks in America, or American Greeks, as they are called in Greece, are dis- playing a new interest in the political conditions of their motherland since there is now so much speculative talk about the possible return of the monarchy^ Most of them, having grown up in America, cannot see for the life of them the rationality of calling back a former king to rule over the land — the land which first promulgated the principles of democracy • It is irrational and dangerous to restore the monarchy; but in postwar years nothing is improbableo Worse ::xi things than the restoration of a monarchy have taken place in the world during the last few years©
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The Greek nation is, perhaps, equally divided on the proposition of restoring the king.. •••This was not true five or ten years ago* Now, with economic
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Salonlkl-C-reek Press. May 30, 1935.
conditions not a whit better, and in the face of prevailing political strife, half of the people of Greece see in the restoration of the monarchy an orderly solution of all their problems*
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That the restoration of the monarchy under present conditions will of necessity bring about immediately or in the course of time the establishment of a dicta- torial monarchy, such as exists in Bulgaria and Jugoslavia, cannot have entered the mind of the average pro-Royalist in Greece^
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UTOPIA
by
G. Ealepas
It is probable that I shall be thought of as a defeatist or as a hopeless pessimist by some of the regular readers of the articles on our community problems. Sometiines the moral has been set forth in the guise of a story or weaknesses haye been pointed out by means of an imaginary discussion* No matter what methods I have used, my aim has been to improve the standards of thought and the future lot of my fellov; countryman ♦
Therefore, I am forced to say, because this is what I believe, that, even if we had the finest of Greek schools, in which Greek children were educated > not merely instructed; even if we had not had ecclesiastical anarchy since the first emigration of Greeks to America; even if we had a religious organization as powerful as the Catholics— ^o have schools and universities
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all over America, ••••it would still be impossible for us to give our children the "Hellenic spirit" emphasized by Professor Smith, To accomplish this, Toany other things would have to take place..,..
Our efforts and labors to retain the spirit of Greece in the hearts of the younger generations should have been valiantly supported by the Greek nation. 0\ir iTiotherland should have taken some interest in the young Greeks of America, and should have done so from the day on which the first Greek arrived in this country. Everyone knows that the political and economic leaders of Greece credit the prosperity of the country to the Greeks abroad.
V/hat did the Greek nation do to safegiiard the interests or nationality of the Greeks in foreign lands? V/hat did Greece do to keep the source of her benefits from obliteration and eventual death? Nothingl
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All the pedagogues and psychclosists in the world agree that children between the ages of five and eleven years are most receptive and responsive
to training and environment By the time tlie eleventh year is reached the
child has acquired certain ideas and iii5)ressions which are integral parts of his character. Therefore, if a child is to be imbued with the Greek spirit it must be done in these early formative years— or all efforts are wasted.
V/hat family, here \\\ America, has amused its children by repeating the tales ^j of Greek heroisia and patriotism? l\fhat parents have emphasized the contributions of Greek thou^t and culture to the world of today?. ••♦When has Greece sponsored anj'" program that would teach Greek children love for their language, customs, and religion? Vi/hen has she striven to tell these foreign-born children of hers of the "Glory that was Greece'*? Vftiat has she done to imbue their minds with pride so that vdien their friends call them "Greeks" with unsavory implications they will have a ready retort in defense?
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Thus, and only thus, can we manage to keep our youth within the confines of the Greek language, people, and religion, a little action, instead of the continuous useless talk, would have created a conmunity which some people believe could only exist in a Utopia, If soinething had been done by Greece years ago, we who have been here forty years would not have already lost lODst of our Hellenism, V/e, who were born in Greece, have lost our Greek spirit in a land that is free and suppresses no people or religion. Our forefathers maintained and cultivated their heritage during five hundred years of the most terrifi^-ing oppression, slavery, and tyranny.
There is a tremendous difference betv/een us, for they made history while we shall die leaving no trace of our existence. Our situation is a serious one, from the point of vie?/ of progress and the future.
Our probleja could be solved without renoval to a Utopia to do it. Some of the fault is ours— but hov/ much more rests upon the shoulders of Greece, herself I
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Saloniki-rxreek Press. Mar. 14, 1935 /GSjiRi: UPRISIrC SKORT-LITi;^ (iiditorial)
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Short-lived, aid if v;e are to believe the final announcenent ox the Greek
GovernTiient in regard to the casualties v/ith insignificant losses in nen,
the revolt a^^ainst the Greek governnent has been suppressed, terminating
in a complete surrender of the mutineers* To most people— even to ti.ose
v/ith a moaest knov/ledre of Greek affairs — this late political upheaval in ^
Greece came as a complete surprise, 'ihere v/ere many reasons and a raultitude j^
of grievances to justify a mutiny of small proportions, i'ew, hov/ever,
could concede that there v;ere causes great enough to i/arrant a revolt of
major proportions.
Greece v.^s saved from an actual civil v/ar by this victor:,^ of the government forces; for had the rebels displayed sterner tenacity, the result v/ould
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have been disastrous, A country as poor as (Greece could not have stood the strain of prolonged internal strife. V/ithout naking an^^- hasty decisions, there is no doubt in our minds that, as the days roll by, a nevi concept as to the real causes v:hich brought about this ill-fated revolt vrill be for:.ed. V/e are happy that it ended as it did, thus averting a great and irreparable catastrophe.
V/hat the future holds in store cannot be predicted. The iimiediate result of the victory of the government, although not a blessing in itself, is much more salutary than had the outcome been otherv^ise. For, after all, we, the Greeks of America, ask nothing more for the coun:ry v/hich gave us birth than that peace and good v;ill may reign in the hearts and minds of our brothers in Greece.
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ADVERTISE GREEK LIQUORS
The inspiration which imbued the Pan-Arcadian Society to begin a campaign for the advertisement of Greek imports should pervade every Greek community in America* It is not at all difficult for each Greek businessman to tell his friends and business associates about the worth of Greek products. In other words, we can become what is popularly known as '♦boosters". What we say in praise of Greek products is by no means just patriotic oratory* Any expert will testify to the superiority of Greek cognac and brandy over the French*
Greek merchants are to be commended because they handle and encourage the sale of imported products, even at loss to themselves* They are rendering inestimable service to the fatherland* However, they can not do very much alone.... Even if every Greek in America were to drink nothing but cognac, it would still be impossible for the sale of cognac in America to be of any real benefit to Greece* What, then, can be done? Exactly what the Pan-Arcadian Society has suggested* We must create propaganda for Greek imports and become
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high- pressure salesmen to the American people.
That is the only way in which the economic condition of Greece and, at the same time, that of our relatives in Greece, can be materially benefited. It is the first time we have been asked to do something for the old country which will not hurt our pocketbooks. But this campaign will be of more direct bene- ^ fit than anything which our money can do.
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Salonikl-Greek Press > Oct. 25, 1934.
DELIGIANNIS BROTHERS HONOR METAXA
More than five hundired people had the opportiinity of meeting A. Metaxa,
general manager of the Metaxa Exporting Company of Greece, who has been visit- ^
ing the liquer and wine convention held at the Sherman Hotel. This opportunity f=
was given them by the Deligiannis brothers of Chicago, who gave a dinner in C
his honor at the Bdgewater Beach Hotel last Sunday night* Many social leaders g and notables were seated at the table of the guest of honor.
When the director of the orchestra announced the presence of the General Consul of Greece, and Mr. Metaxa of the exporting firm, all the American people in the room applauded vigorously.
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GHSEK
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CHICAGO ggSEK DAILY. Oct. lU, I93U
Banquet in Honor of New Constil General of Sreece, Mr. J. Yannes.
Last Friday, the executive council of the Greek communities of Chicago, gave a banquet in honor of Mr. J. Yannes, Consul General in Chicago, on his arrival. It was given at the International Restaurant of Mr. A. Spyropoulos. ' There were present besides representatives of Chicago communities, the Most Rev. Kallistos of San Francisco, the rectors of the churches in Chicago and Mr. John Dritsas, legal advisor for the consul.
Speeches were delivered by the Most Rev. Kallistos, also by George Karaflos, president of the Association of the Greek Communities in Chicago. Finally the Consul General, who expressed his gratification to the communities and stated that he will do all in his power to help promote their interests and patriotic activities.
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Chicago Greek Dally, Oct. 7, 1934.
GREEK
/AHRTVJd. 0? KSV; GREEK CONSUl/
The arrival of the new Consul Creneral of Greece in our community must be of great consequence to us, inasmuch as we believe and have as a principle, the idea that besides theit service connected with the consulate, the consuls have another more general mission the limits of which is very hprdi to define, but which coiild be expressed concisely by the phrase, "National Mission", and we do not hesitate in considering this mission the more important. The Consul, in a country so far removed from Greece, is the represent c'^tive of the fatherland, the living figure of it, to which we must look with a feeling of devotion and reverence. We must look on him as the person in whom all our patriotic ideals axe invested. I would like to add, that if these ideals were to begin to wither away and vanish, the Consul would be the fountain from which to reconstruct . them.
Fortunately, Hellenism in America to this time, preserves alive its patri- otic feelings, so there is no need of a Consul from Greece for such a task. His mission, mainly, is to have these sentiments consentrated aroimd himself as the center around v/hich all national life and ajctivity of the Greeks of America
can resolve With such a presupposition, we believe that we interpret the
sentiments of all our fellow countrymen, when we wish Mr. Yannes: "Welcome."
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GREEK
"Chicago G-reek Daily, Oct. 7, 193^ LlAIiIAlAI ~ THE ffSiTUIxJj:] DESGE1^DAJ::TS OF TriS AilCIENT SPARTAKS
From the Ver^^a of Caiamata, a historic wall, before which many Turks were he- heaAed, during* the stru^^-gles of 1S21, hy the sickles of trie Maniati v/oman, who as worthy descendants of the Soartan woman, knew how to use them very skill- fully, not only in the harvest field, "out in the field of V/ar as well. In Tainaron, no "oeautiful gardens can "be found as there are in the Messinian fields, nor is there the enviable transportation as found in other localities that are equally mountainous and less historic.
ihis deplorable fact, pertainin^.^ to transportation, has been justly and re- peatedly dinned into the ears of those who do not want to heax. But differ- ent administrations in power have always shoved Ivlani aside, as a locality not worthy of attention, forgetting- its history and its indomitable struggles for freedom. It was a section which, according to Tricoupis, — (Translator's note. A greek statesnan ^rid. Premier) was justly considered as the starting point and basis of Peloponnesos, because on the bravery of the Lanniates, and their territorial advantages, the success of the struggle of all the Greeks was based. , . .
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GrRzl'EK
Chicago ^eek Daily. Oct. 7, 193^
Prom OelenaXa, to Tainaron, the inaccessible mountain chain all along the line of ^aygetos, is accompanied by a parallel line of evergreen pine-trees, that like magnificent sentinels, adorn its ^i^lory, and hy the humerous little in- lets, bays, and capes of the MesGinian gulf. Some villia.ges and towns cling to elevations like wasp nests, while others more modern, are located on level ground, or in the rocky and cataclysmic coap.ts.
However, if Mani is mountainous, barren, and inaccessible, it has produced throughout the centuries unconqueraJb"^. e heroes and heroines. It v;as by this incomparable living material, that never ceased to offer itself a.s a Svacri- fice in the different struggles for the fatherland, that I.iani v/as always victorious and could remain at liberty even during the tragic period of Turkish domination when it enjoyed special privileges and self-government to an extent 'that amounted to absolute freedom.
I^fejii, although it is covered by rocks and mountains, has 3^0 villages and is populated 'oy ^5,000 people, who engaged themselves with Denietra ra^ther than Vachos. The./ are not acquainted either with extreme poverty nor with large riches. Their bodily exercises make them dexterous and the simple
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GiUiJj^Jii
Chica.co Oreek Daily, Oct. 7, 193^
fare cause? them to bj robust. Economy is their riches r,ut Economical as they are in tine and money, they have neither notary publics, nor judges. All their o"bli<-^ations axe assumed verbally and are inviolate. An insult to chastity has to be loaid by blood, while all others, even murder, might be forgiven. Hospitality is a beloved virtue with Ifeniates. Strangers, however, must enjoy their confidence, or have letters of recommendation for they ma^/- introduce new foreign habits and customs, leading to corrup- tion. The priests preach freedom, not only from the pulpit, but also on the field of battle.
I have listened to tie followin,^:; dialo^^ue betv»reen a priest, a teacher, and a pupil.
Teacher: "Vriiat are you?"
Pupil: "A free man, because I dispose of my thought and will freely."
Teacher: "On what do you build the foundation of your freedom?"
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Chic/^'ffo Oreek Daily, Oct. 7, 193^
'''^ mk -'
Pupil; "On the memory of my ancestors, the Spartens." \^c/ J-'
Teacher: "-ATiat are your duties?"
Pupil: "First, to respect the a,^'ed and help then ?s much as I can; second, to love and support my -parents to the best of my ability; third, to h^.sten slowly in the assuming of obligations and having undertaken them, to execute them without fail; fourth, to honor the married so that I may be respected later, and to consider woman as a treasure, inviolable, and maidens sabered; fifth, to oreserve my freedom as I hc^ve received it from my ancestors and defend it with my very life."
This is the ideal pentalogiae of the youth of Ilani , up to date, and one that always v/il^. constitute the basis of ever/ civilized school.
The War mania, and the irreconcilable hatred of Maniates tov/ard their enemies are so well oiown through their determined and fiery struggles that they are respected facts.
Sar. Xanthuleas.
4
I III H GREEK
I E
Salonikl-Greek Press, Aug, 9, 1934.
GRSEK POLITICS
The two opposing political parties in Greece seem to be trying to reach some sort of agreement so that the threatening evils of dictatorship and tyranny may not win as a result of national unrest. The contentions which divide the two parties are purely of a parliamentary nature. There is no dispute over major national issues. Beside this, both of these groups are officially op- posed to Socialism and Fascism. This should be enough to prevent any move- ment toward dictatorship from developing in Greece, as it has done in other European coiintries.
Unfortunately, however, Greece has a certain percentage of leaders who dream of a day when Greece shall have a totalitarian form of government. Pangalos formed a dictatorship that lasted fourteen months; and the Minister of War, Kondilis, publicly expresses his desire for a dictatorship. The only dif- ference is that he, himself, wants to be the dictator. The threats of Kondilis are, perhaps, the greatest cause of the decrease of hostilities
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I E
Salonlki-greek Press, Aug. 9, 1934.
between the two major political parties of Oreece
Mr. Kondilis must, of course, have some friends and supporters; but they are not many, and there is little hope that their number will greatly increase in the future. His influence lies with the army, which respects him for the courage he has demonstrated. Greece, however, is one nation which has never been in the power of the army, except during one or two brief periods. Any- one 7/ho believes he can dictatorially rule Greece through the support of the army is displaying great ignorance of Greek psychology, which is opposed to an army- supported government.
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IV
Saloniki-Greek Press. June 28, 1934.
GRGEK
DIin^ER /foR GR2EK AMB/iSS.'JX:^
Monday night was a brilliant one at the Greek pavilion. It v/as the scene of ^
a dinner in honor of our ambassador, civen by the Greek Men*s Professional 5
Club of Chicago. Tlie dinner began at eight in the evening, and v;as attended -^
by more than two hundred Greeks and xjnericans. One of the notables present r^
was Professor llorley of Northwestern University. The guest of honor v;as -o
seated with other celebrities and the former presidents of the Club and their o wives.
The menu vjas fit for a gourmet, ikll the food was cooked under the supervision of Ivlr. Stamatopculos, the famous chef brought from Greece hy 1^. Ivlantas for the express purpose of being in charge of the food served in the pavilion. Dr. Despotes v;as the chairiiian of the evening, and he performed his duties very gracefully. During the dinner llr. Dritsas, Greek Ambassador , llr* I'torley, and Ilr. A. Pantelis delivered short addresses.
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IV
Saloniki -Greek Press > June ^8, 1934,
Music v,^s furnished by the orchestra of Mr. Grechis, and, after the dinner, 5 a series of classical dances by the ballet of Llr. N. Tsoukalas, were presented, -ci.
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GRESK
III B 2
Salonlkl-Greek Press, June 14, 1934.
e:\stritdns build church m gresce ^
The thirby-tv/o year old St. George Kastriton Society, has a balance of thirty- ci.
seven thousand dollars in its treasury. At its meeting last Sunday it was r^
decided to build a church in honor of St. Nicholas in the village of Kastrion. ^
The estimated cost of the church is ten thousand dollars. o
A committee of five representatives in that village have been given in- S
structions to start immediate negotiations for land and materials. c?
I G
I C oalonikl-Graek Press, Apr. IS, 1934,
^PHS IT.^IAIT BARBARIC .^SAULT
/iditorial/ :;._
During the last three dajs the entire HellenisLa of the world rxas been aroused to arxser and resentment. This resentment has been caused oy the terrible ^ occurrences at Rodos, the island home of the heroic, long-suffering -o
Dodecanese. In ^he history of Greece, events of such a nature are not rare, o for it see.'ns to be her fate to be forced to submit to periodical assaults. op However, this last action of the Italians against unanr^od citizens, is [3
enough to Loake any hur.ian being furious. If they had been facing armed resistance, even if it v/ere justified, the Italians could justify their barbarous and brutal conduct. But wlien they knew that the citizens had not one deadly v/eapon in their possession — oecause the Italians themselves had previously disarmed them — the act becomes a criminal, barbarous, and savage one.
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I G Saloniki-Greek 'ress, Apr. 19, 1934.
The Italian leaders announced that ten people had heei. killed* £ach one can comprehend the magnitude of the crime purposely perpetrated by the famous Garabiniares. ilach one of us can, in our mind's eye, see the death struggles of the martyred heroes of the island of Rodos. The announcement also makes reference to tho flight of the people to the mountain cra^s. They fled to these that they might not be slau^tered lik^ cattle by the enemy. There, in old times, they could have hidden in the caves and fought the invader by means of guerrilla warfare. But the progress of the t.ventieth century had furnished the Italians aeroplanes, which they used to bomb these new heroes of Greece.
Of all the tragedies which have befallen the Dodecanese during their three- thousand-year's history, this I:.alian outrage is the most vile. The struggle of two tnousand years ago botvjeen the two races, has been reborn, with all its old hatreds and fanaticisms, as strong as in the time of FhilopoLmon /a general of tho Greek arin^/. Then, the invaders overpov/ered and enslaved
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I a
I 0 Salonlki -Greek Press, Apr. 19, 1934.
the Greeks, and created a new empire, the Byzantine. But in all the hundreds of years of oppression and enslavanent that have since passed, the Greek race, lanr^uage, and customs have not been obliterated. These islands, ivhich have been held by Ital:/ only by sheer force and pov;er, have retained their pure Kellenisui, despite myriad obstacles and punishments. During the last tv/enty years of the Italian subjugation these people have demonstrated their love for Greece by refasin;^ to obey any of the Italian orders intended to aid in the obliteration of their nationality. They cried out to the world for justice, but their cry was heard by no one. The position of our unfortunate brothers, especially during the last few years — since the great :;lus3olini took the reins of government — has become intolerable. The Italian conquerors force all the Greek schools to teach in the Italian language, in an effort to prevent the Greek spirit from finding nuture in the young :::eneration. r.'ussolini v/ants to make them Italians I lie must not be alloived to do such a terrible thing I
'.Ve, the Greek people, v/hether living in iuaerica or Greece, must unite and
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Ill II - 4 - (JR^HK
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I G 3alonikl-Gre3k Press , Apr. 19, 1934.
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ight for the rights and freedom of our islands. The Graalcs of the Dodecanese Islands, infuriated by the massacre in Hodos, are rapidly becoraing ready to fight. The rest of us should lay aside all church, club and social matters, and strive — as one — for the freedom of our Islands, ve must keep our Greek ^ brothers from becoming Italianized. The Greek clergy and people in iiaefica, '^
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free as they are to think and act, sl.ould loudly proclaim their decision to <^ help the Greek Dodecanese Islands attain liberation. o.
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Ill H GSMK
I C
II A 2 Greek Press. Mar. 15, 1934.
GRESK PR0DUC1S FOR AUBRICA
(Editorial) 2
An examination of %he condition of the present-day Greeks and that of those C who first came to America thirty years ago will reveal the great economic ^ and social progress of the Greeks in this country. Of course, some of this pro- 2 gross must be credited to the natural growth of America and the opportunities ^ the country afforded; but the greater part of it is directly due to the Greeks C:^ own hard and untiring labor and struggles. The Greek, even when enslaved in ^ body, never loses his individualism, and never ceases to think as a free man* These characteristics, which have always distinguished him, provided him with the weapons necess€u:y to fight for existence in a foreign country. They provided him with the spiritual strength which is so necessary for success* And it was these very same qualities that gave him the courage to enter into business in this country to such a great extent that now he practically
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II A 2 Greek Press, Liar. 15, 1934*
monopolizes certain branches of it
Greeks succeeded in v/eathering the v/orst of the depression a great deal better than most other groups • Today the nximber of Greek stores is as :€ great, if not greater than the n\imber in 1929, when jtoerica reached the > zenith of its prosperity. During this entire period the Greek entrepreneur ^ did not lose any of his courage, and today he can be justly proud that he C is still running a successful business. In addition, the Greeks have not ^ as yet beg\m to lose their hold upon their national ideologies; they con- 2 tinue — despite the eve2>-increasing pressure of their environment — to remain oo ideologically the same Greeks they have been throughout the ages* iijid this is not alio The benefits Greece has derived from her emigrated sons proved to be her savior at various times • The hundreds of thousands of dollars the Greeks in America sent home proved to be the greatest cure for the many ills of the country^
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II A 2 Greek Press, Ifeir. 15, 1934*
Now that the Greeks in America have settled, made homes, and are rearing families, the number of letters from Greece asking for money will natur- ally be decreased* However, there are other ways in which we can still help our patriots back home. If the pov/er of all the Greeks in America is properly organized it can be a most influential factor in benefiting Greek commerce. For many years, all the imported Greek products were destined for the ultimate consumption of Greeks. Ivlany other products which were bought primarily by our race, are being imported from Spain or Italy* This is due in part to the small amoiint of products exported by Greece. However, the main reason is the fact that Greek exports do not have the quality, depend- g ability, and attractive packaging that the products from other nations have. D=i An example of this is the superiority of the Spanish olive oil over the Greek oil which is sent to Araerica.
Today, a new opportunity has opened the doors to success for both Greeks and American-Greeks. Now, Greek businessmen vfill be able to purchase and sell
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II A 2 Greek Press. Liar* 15, 1934 •
imported Greek liquors, especially the famous Greek cognac* If the thousands of Greeks v/ho sell liquors will "push" the Greek brandies, wines, and v;hiskies, they will succeed in making them well knovm to the iimerican
people; and thus a demand for these Greek liquors will bo created* Such a ^
demand would greatly benefit Greek industry; and to be instrumental in bring- ^^
Ing about such a demand would be a highly patriotic deed. The Greeks have p
a chance of a lifetime to help their fatherland and make money themselves. "^
Of course, the quality of the Greek exports will have to be improved if they S
are to compete successfully with other exported commodities, >-
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Ill H GREEK
II A I Proodoe (ProgreBs), July 27, 1932.
CHICAGO'S SOCIAL COLlM)---DEPARTUR£S AMD ARRIVALS
Wh ;!!.'■■•
llieee compatriots of ours left a few days ago for the dear old country: Ifrs, Deiaetras S. Canqpas^ Urs. Billa C. Tziovane and her beautiful daughter Susanne^ Ur« and Mrs* Spyros Koukoulon&tisi and Ur« and Urs. Eugene Naslides*
Dr. Christopher Ibibayas, a prominent Greek dentist of Detroit » has arrived in Chicago to visit some of his relations and friends*
Dr. Uubayas formerly resided here. He expects to spend more than a week in Chicago,
Ill H II D 1
VAX
The Greek Press, Mar. 17, 1932
GREEK
DOWiiTION
Our well-known Riziotan, M. Kollaras, in a grand gesture of generosity, donated $lt500 to the Riziotan Society. This money is to be used for various necessary improvements in the hometown of Rizos, Te^eas. The society tiianks Hr. Kollaras for this huge donation.
Ill H
Chicago Greek Daily. Dec. 1, 1931. GRm
^RKBK CHAMPION WINST"
p. 6- The boxing chamoion of the Balkans and Egypt, Kostas Bassis, who won last Monday over Clyde Hull, credited with three h\mdred bouts, will box with a more powerful fighter, whose name is not yet known, next Monday, Dec. 7, at the White City. The promoter is Mr. Michael Malloy.
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(JrEZZi:
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Saioniki, ITov. 14, 1931
''■' ^ ■ ■ 'V • ■•*^ T'
JJ * T f .'•• — ■,^-,-
Lj^' "...icSb ^U-:(Jr
r.p- II
•0. 5.- i'.isB Alice I/iolarakoj , ":..iss "Z^iro'oe" of 19.j0, v;as honored Ir-'st S-'juiday in a oan-iuet cdven oy ..v?:. Soter, v/iie of Dr. Soter.
•i.'he d'm,"uet w^.s disti.i-Tii slied for its exceptional ^^iiests. Beauty, charm, talent, and intellic'ence \:ere the rttricutes belou-.dn/< to the oartici-oa- tin.^ "Otrsona^-es. Only a ^J-reek -ooet could describe the rh^^^thni of the G-i-eel: dances "oerfori.ied oy tlioce alluring- descen.caiits of Aohro^.ite. -^'hey certain- ly knei; hov/ to oerfor..: the delic/-^te •• nd rhythraic turns of their .^rciceful bodies. Anyr/ay, it v/ac v. 'Jreek affair and ..o barbarian eye v/as there tc sooil tioe enchaiitin^' as'oect of the ban.-uet.
G-reek son;;:,3 i/ero soin^^ by ...iss h: therine .-iller, Presiuent of the Crreek \.'oiaen'?5 hniv-iroit^' Club of Jhica^-o. This blp.ck-eyed beauty not only knows how to sin-*, but alr-o hov/ to enslave, witn her scintillatin.^i; eyes, both males and females.
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Salonilci, llov. 14, 1931
GREEK
Present pt the banouet were: ^liss Di -jlc-^rnkou nacl her motlier; the ..isses I.Iiller, Tziajias, Pernokis, Perivol'^^ris, havro.^iic'^Jiis, Taji^-as, Petrakis, the -larval is sisters, .rs. ..assias, v/it::. her ti.o c.a.Uv:/aterG , Clga aiid Chrisoula, hr. and ...rs. An..ria-i, .rs. het lenitis, Dr. -.asil Trakas, t}ie Attorneys Parry, Porikos, (^ekas and Panoutsos, Dr. Thoi.ias, and i.Iessrs. Argyro-QOiilos and Arctchovites.
GREEK
III H
Chicago Greek Daily» Sept. 26, 1931 •
AlCCDCTES
P.4— When the ArgileoniSt the Spartan mother of Brasidas, heard about the
death of her son in Amphipolis, she asked some of the residents of that
town who had Just returned from war whether her boy had died as a worthy son of Sparta. They exaggerated the facts and told her:
"He died a herOf and Sparta has not his like any more."
"Do not say such things, " Argileonis rejoined. "Brasidas was good and kind, but Sparta has many who are better."
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Salonikl. Aug. 29, 1931, p. 7
CURIOUS HISTORICAL FACTS.
CGSEK
/
Of the many curious customs of the ancient Spartans we note the following.
Forbearance, for the Spartan of that periodt was considered a crime. Any person showing forbearance toward injustice done to him, was called before a magistrate, severely reprimanded and fined, as Plutarch states.
Among other curious things was the tolerance shown towards stealing of food. That was not considered a crime, iinless the person stealing was ca\xght in the act. Then he was caurried in a procession and severely flogged. The authorities of ancient Sparta tolerated stealing, as is tibated by authentic historians, as when on a war expedition soldiers we e permitted to steal alien food in order to feed themselves.
f.
Saloniki, Aiig. 1, 1931, p. 4 OREig ^^<^ ^^^j
III H ^-
THE CREATION OF WOMAN.
Ae generally is the case, "The Oreeks have a word for it" and we find a Oreek storj'- of how God created woman as his last creation.
I can not vouch for the authenticity of the story's origin nevertheless, as the custom is, when you are in douht, or in ignorance of anything, we paraphrase it as, "It is Greek to rae»" I will attribute the origin of the story to Greek Mythology*
God (of course God was Greek) after creating all of the things of the universe, the law of necessity appeared "before him and suggested that he should give form to that which we now call woman.
As all of the elements of creation were exhausted and as all characteristics were bestowed upon the things already created after careful thought God decided to take parts here and characteristics there, from the edready created things, to form a woman.
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Salonlkl, kag. 1, 1931. GREM
%n.
The story goes that he took the roundness of the moon, the winding of the snake, the tears of the crocodile; the instability and changeability of the wind, the timidity of the hare, the self-conceit of the peacock, the lightness of the wing, the hardness of the diamond, the sweetness of honey, the ferociousness^ of the tiger, the hiirning flame of fire, the coldnesj: of the snow, the prating of the magpie, the cooing of the dove^ and the cunningnes* of the fox. He put everything in a troxigh, mixed them thorotighly and out of this mass he molded the masterpiece of nature; blew life in to the nostrils, named it woman, and gave her to the male, to illumine his mind and soul*
It is said that the creator made an error in blending all the above characteristics in one creature, and that the world pays very dearly for that error* Of co\irse, as Plamarion says, "Woman is a necessary evil," the creator therefore made no error*
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Salonlkl, July 25, 1931.
«
THE ARRIVAL OF THE GREiiiK-A:aH:RICAi: YCUThL- IN GREEC3.
On July 6 the linert Edisont arrived in Athens carrying over five hundred passen- gers among them being seventy five Greak-American youths of both sexes, ranging from six to eighteen years of age.
Many of the youths came intending to enter various schools to perfect their study of the Greek language and then to return to America*
These youths, who are members of the educational society, Athena, of the United States and Canada, took the opportunity of the annual excursion, sponsored by their so- ciety, to visit Greece under the supervision of ^'^r. latridis, President of the Athena society.
The youths after a short stay in Athens will depart for a si£,nt-seeing tour of the counties .
III H Salonlkl, July 23, 1931, p. 8 fr \iH ^'^
THE DEMOCRATIC IDEA IK ANCIENT &EEBCE*
At the present stage of evolution of the human race, when the majority of nations, have accepted though not entirely the democratic doctrines, which have gained ground that was formerly unapproachable it is advisable to take a retrospective view of democracy and see how it blossomed and evolved in the intellectual life of ancient Greece, see what influence and effect it had dTiring the golden century of Pericles, Aspasia, the so biists, and the rhetoricians*
During the democratic era of ancient Greece it was a necessary prerequisite for amy one aspiring to a high political office, to possess or acquire oratorical skill. The necessity of eloquence in speech became felt by the majority of the people, and every one, great and small, began to cultivate the technique of oratory in order to defend himself at the bar of justice*
This accoimts for the talkativeness of the modern Greeks, who forf:et to eat, when engaged in a political debate* The citizen of ancient Greece had to present his case as briefly as possibl % but in brilliant phraseology^ ocitting that which was irrelevant and imrgaterial*
~X»L
Salonlki, July 23. 1931. ^Vp* S
The democratic rulers of the people began to consider the possibility of N^^.^*^' establishing schools for the study of rhetoric so that those naturally inclined, would excel, and those who were not, would be able to use the Logos to imich better advantage •
Among the first to teach the Judicial Logos were Empedocles, Gorgias, Korax, Zeno and others.
Siimiltaneously, but independently of the associated ideas of the rhetoricians, Anatolian Greece began to teach rhetoric with the first great rhetorician, Protegoras as instructor. Protagoras^ teachings were followed by Thrasymachos, Prodicos, Ippias, Ileios and others.
!.
So great was the skill of these orators that while traveling all over Greece to teach the art of Logos, everywhere they delivered impromptu speeches on any subject asked for, to the delight of the masses, who hastened to become their pupils.
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&KEEK
Saloniklt July 23, 1931 •
The lucrative returns of the art of rhetoric were assured. These teachers were highly esteemed and glorified every where # Of course compensation for inteliec^vr,! culture was just as great in other branches as it was in rhetoric* Pindar and Simonides were well comv;ensated for their verses, but later on, due ;.o a plethora of intellectual talent, historians tell us, the great Gorgias, distinguished dialectician and sophist, was earning only enough to live in the simplest style*
The progressive democratic form of government and this upheeml of oratory were the causes urging the new generation of that period to .eek other branches of enlightenment. Youth, spurred by democratic ideas, aspired to higher and more generalized ciiltur ,, Until then» the ideal goal of a youth in the high levels of society, was wrestling, and victories in the Panhellenic gMMS* . For that reason the greater part of the day was devoted to gymnastics. Very little time was left for music and poetry. Mathematics and philosophy were th pursuit of a small and select circle. Even distinguished men of the Polity did not possess much Icnowledge of these two branches of education* An exception to this rule we find in Pericles, who was educated in physical science by Anaxagoras, and followed the ethics of Protaigoras.
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GSEEK
Salonikl, Jiily S3, 1931 •
Now, when rhetoric hecame a necessity and the new generation demanded higher c\ilture and education, because oratory alone was not sufficient to the aspirations of the democratic youths, Protagoras introduced politico- ehtics to his pupils. He strove to give them solemnity of politico-morale that they would "be useful servants of democracy for the welfare of the State.
Ippias expanded the r^ircle of his teachin£;s by adding mathematics and astronomy, while Gorgias and Thrasymachos continued to teach rhetoric. It is understood that physical culture was not abandoned; only now they discovered the right relationship between mental and physical culture, 8jad established the harmonious equilibrium of these two powers.
This reformatory movement, which was destined to create practical politico- democratic servants of the State, in scite of the efforts of many, excluded women, due to prevalent social superstitions. Nevertheless, a few women were able to lift themselves above the boiinds of the established niles of society and excelled in this reformatory movement.
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The popular conception of these educated women, who liberated themselves from the fitters of custom, classified them in the category of Hetaerae. Olorified among those so called Hataerae was Aspasia from Metylos, who came to Athens in 440 B. C. So great was the mental culture of this Hetaera that Pericles himself fell a victim to her wisdom. After divorcing his wife, be installed her in his house and she became the social center of Athens' elite*
This was the beginning of the intellectual culture and freedom of woman* Aspasia was the forerunner of woman's liberation*
In conclusion, the democratic form of government of today and the educational liberation of women owe their origin to ancient Greece*
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If we wish to get some medicine we go to the proper place, the drug store; if we wish to acquire culture and education, we go to school; and, of course, if wish to possess historical information we ttirn our endeavors towards ancient Greece.
Pugilism is an ancient game. But it is not as ancient as are Running and Wrestling. The game of Boxing first began at the 23rd Olympiad, that is, the year 688 B.C. when Onomastos was the victor.
In honor of Patroclos, after his hurial Achilles ordered hoxing games to be held. Epeios was the victor. Plato, in his writings proclaimed Epeios as the originator of the game. At the island of Corfu (Phaeacon) King Alkinos, in honor of Odysseus, participated in a boxing game.
Salonlkl, July 4, 1931.
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In this contest, the son of the King was the victor. Mythology tells us that Apollon v.as the patron god of Boxing. Other sources tell us th t Polydeukes was its originator, still others claim that the Lacedemons wer the first to introduce Boxing in athletics.
The boxers of ancient Greece used to cover their hands with leather straps, and on certain occasions a metallic sheet of lead was inserted, for a knockout, I pres\ime.
Later on, they discarded those leather-straps that bandaged the hands and leather gloves rere used instead. These prepared boxing gloves were made to cover the wrist, the thumb, and lower half of the fingers.
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Before the game took place the gloves were examined by \impires to see that tliey were simple and of the same quality. Hogs hide and solid substances werft prohibited in the construction of the gloves. Clinching was not permitted. The heads of the fighters, writers tell us, at the end of the game were unrecognizable from the blows they inflicted on each other. The defeated one would depart from the staditim in a miserable physical condition, scarcely moving his feet, spitting blood, and his head inclined. Head masks, or protectors, were used in training exercises, but they were taken off at the match. Those masks at the beginning were made of leather, but latter on were made out of copper.
The skill and dexterity of the fighters became so developed that some of the contestants were proclaimed victorious b;'^ their adversaries, who could not inflict ai^r wounds upon the victor*. It is said that Ipporaahos at the Olympics, won three victories without receiving a single blow.
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His dexterity prevented -is being hit. Kleoxenos from Alexandria won victories in the foiir Pan-bellenic games without a single wotind. The victors possessed not only physical and mental vigor but, also, perseverajice, patience and endurance. Many deaths took place at the boxing games, due to the persi stance of those who would not acknowledge defeat before the final death blow was delivered.
Noted pugilism in ancient Greece were many but time and space compel us to mention only a few,
Olaucon from Karystos, with his father, was plowing the field one day when the plowshare fell out of place. Instead of using a sledge hami er to replace it, the youngster used his fist. The father of the youth, on witnessing the incident, took him to Olympia and enrolled him in the boxing gajnes. During the combat the untrained youth was severely beaten by his skillful adversary. The father, who was watching the fight, said to him, "0 son, the plowshare blow."
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Grlaiicon, comprehending his father^ s request brought down a terrific right that sent his skillful adversary rolling to the gates of Cerherus.
Another boxer of note was Biagoras of Rhodes* He was victor in all the boxing combats, and Pindaros says that this giant was over 10^ feet tall#
N. Alexopoulos, School Principal
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Miscellaneous Liaterial (Manuscript) In Possesf^^ion of Mr. A. A. Pantelis, 221 N. La Salle St.,
Chicago, 111., June 26^ 1931 #
prograiMIle cf tke presentation of thz flag of the greeic
repl^blic to state of illinois
ILL. WATSEIT CO- BAIO), C. F. MOZZARI. CONDUCTOR, 2 P.M.
N\3jnbers "by Band
March - Chicago Tribune - Hambers Overture - Pique Dance - Shuppe Ajnerican Patrol - V/echara Sextette from Lucia - Donezettl The Blue and Gray Patrol - Dalbey
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at 2:30 P. I.'.
#1 Massing, of Colors
#2 Salute to Colors
#3 Invocation by Pastor Thomas (Pastor, Presbyterian Church)
#4 Ode to the Flag - By children of Ivloline, 111.
#5 Star Spangled Banner
#6 Presentation of Flag - A. A. Pantelis
#7 Accentance of Flag by the Governor
#8 Oreek National Anthem
Illinois
#9 Benediction (Rev. Thomas, Governor's Pastor)
#10 March - Stars and Stripes
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Immediately following band numbers
Tomb: Before the ceremony of the presentation of the flag is completed a committee escorted by motorcycle police will proceed to the ho- tel and under honorary guard will bring Archbishop Athenagoras to the tomb, where he will be received by the G-overnor and conducted to his chair reserved for the purpose.
11 Memorial Services (Archbishop Athenagoras).
12 Sons of Pericles will olace wreath on tomb, and pay homage. 5:00 P.M. Banquet at Hotel Abraham Lincoln.
P. S. At 12:00 P.:;\ will meet you at the Illinois Central Depot with Boigle and Drums of our Sangamon Post, American Legion, We will parade to the arsenal where we will disband and each of us will go to
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the St. Paul's Episcopal Church, where his eminence will have a short service, not lasting more than one hour, preferably 45 minutes.
He shall be received by ten Episcopal priests and possibly the Bishop while he is in tov/n.
After the services the officials will proceed to the Arsenal (officials of the Order of Ahepa and those of the American Legion) where cars will be waiting to take the official body and parade to begin.
Parade begins promptly at 2:00 P.M. No one shall march on foot, and it is the desire of governor against parading on foot, due to extreme heat, as fear of heat casualties are entertained. For those that cannot be accommodated with auto, arrange:nents have been made, ^y paying a minimum
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fee, street cars and buses will be at their disposal to take them out to the Lincoln Tomb.
About a year ago the flag of the State of Illinois was given to the members of Hellenic Post #S43 of Chicago, The American Legion, Depart- ment of Illinois, to be by them delivered to Athens Post, The American LegJ.on, Department of Greece, to be placed by them in The American Legion Club House erected in the city of Athens •
We have come here today to reciprocate for the generous gesture of your Excellency in forwarding that flag to Greece. Y/e have come here to pre- sent to you and to the people of the State of Illinois the flag of the Greek Republic, It is reported that 43 flags of the Greek Republic have been sent to America in reciprocation for the flags of the various states
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June 28, 1931. Miscellaneous Material (ivianuscript)
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sent to Athens Post. Thoxigh this flag is only one of the 48 we of Illinois feel that we have a peculiar privilege to feel more proud tnan the people of the other 43 states, because the flag sent to this state is being presented on the ground hallowed by the earthly remains of Abraham Lincoln, at the very foot of his monument.
We also have a right to feel a greater pleasure because our presentation is being made to you, Mr. Governor the one man who has done most to foster and intensify the spirit of Lincoln in this state.
Of all American statesmen, Lincoln* s early career comoares with the early struggles of Demosthenes, and his achievements are similar to those of the great Greek statesman Pericles. Through your efforts
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and the encouragement you have given others, the spirit of Lincoln is therefore appreciated more at this time than at any other time since his deaths
We Americans of Greek birth or descent can readily understand and appreciate Lincoln, because during his early life he was confronted by the same obstacles and the same difficulties with which our people were confronted when first arriving in the United States.
Lincoln's success has been an inspiration to all manlcind, and his work has a peculiar appeal to the hearts of the Greek people because his labors closely resemble the work of the fo\inders of the first Democratic form of government on the face of the earth, the Greeks.
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June 28, 1931 •
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vre appear here today not as Greeks but as Americans, fully appreciating the privileges which American citizenship bestows on us, and Hellenic Post #343 has been selected as the medium through which this gift is to be ma.de because of their imselfish motives which actuated them to en- list in the cause of Democracy in the late wo.r, and because of their unswerving loyalty to the orinciples of the United States •
It is an easy task for natives of Greece to become good American citizens, because when they are asked to pledge allegiance to America and its Con- stitution they are not asked to pled^^e allegiance to kings, and riolers and raonarchs, they are asked only to dedicate their lives to ideals of liberty and Justice and in pledging allegiance to those ideals and princi- ples we find them to be the ideals and the principles of our ancestors and the principles and ideals towards which the land of our birth is striving.
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Jtine 28, 1931 •
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The flag of the Greek Republic is selected as a gift to the people of the State of Illinois not only "because the flag of Illinois has been sent to Athens Post, but because it is the emblem which represents the ideals, the hopes and the aspirations of the people of Greece.
The people of the Republic of Greece may feel proud of the fact that their flag will st.^nd alongside the Stars and Stripes, the one flag which spells guaranty of liberty and justice and equality. It is the one flag which was never carried into the field of battle to conquer or to oppress and on every occasion vhen it has been raised in battle, it has been raised always on the side of right and truth. The two flags together stand for honor and for the rights of mankind and for the right of free and self-government.
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June 28, 1931.
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The flag of white and blue represents a nation and a people vitio have not only given to the world the principles of free and independent government, "but a people who have fought to preserve the institutions of free sind independent government.
The Stars and Stripes represents a nation which has given a new birth to free institutions and has been the champion oi the rights of man- kind.
It is with great personal satisfaction to me as a native of Greece and an American by choice, that I, in behalf of His Excellency, Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos of Oreece, and the Government of the Republic of Greece, place in your hands the flag of the Greek Republic and with it the best wishes of everyone of its people^
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In Possession of l.ir. A. A. Pantelis, 221 K. La Salle St.,
Chicago, 111., J\ine 28, 1S31,
PRESENTATION OF THE FLAO OF THE GHEE/ REPUBLIC
TO STATE OF ILLINOIS
On Sunday, June 28, The Hellenic Post of The American Legion will leave for Springfield to present to G-overnor Louis L. Emmerson the flag of the Republic of Greece.
The Post will be accomoanied by the delegates froiTi the Order of Aher>a, the Sons of ^ericles, the Gapa, and from the various Greek churches of Chicago.
At Springfield the delegation will be met by the Drum and Bugle Corps of Sangamon Post of The American Legion.
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The Most Reverend Athenagoras, Archbishop of the G-reek Orthodox Church of North and South America will hold meip.orial services at Lincoln's Tomb immediately after the oresentation of the flag. At the conclusion of the memorial services the Sons of Pericles will place a wreath on Lincoln's Tomb.
The train will leave the Illinois Central Depot at Chicago at Michigan Avenue and 12th Screet, at 7:45 Central Standard Time, 8:45 Chicago Time. Round trio fare is four dollars. Reservations can be made for the special train, J\ine 26, to Springfield, care of the following:
Arthur Peponis, 1521 II. Clark St., Superior 1353; James Pana,gakos, 732 Vf. RaiidolT^h St., Monroe 5105; D. A. Casiopoulos, 11 S. La Salle St., Randolph 2054; Mouzakiotis Brothers, 627 S. Halsted St., Monroe 2290; Oeorge Spannon, 1 S. La Salle St., State 2704; A. A. Pantelis, 221 N. La Salle St., Central 3430.
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There will be only one train leaving the Illinois Central on the morning of Sunday, June 28, reaching the destination on time for the ceremony. All those desiring to attend the ceremony are requested to "be at the Illinois Central main station at 12th St., and Michigan Ave., at 7:45 Central Standard Time, 8:45 Daylight Saving Time.
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Miscellaneous Material (Manuscript) In Possession of Mr. A. A. Pantelis, 221 N. La Salle St. Chicago, Illinois, June 28, 1931,
PRESEl^TOAT ION OF FLAO OF GREECE AT LINCOLN TOMB HELLEITIC POST, AYrRICAN LEGION, SUNDAY, JUNE 28, 1931
Some months ago, it was my privelege to extend to the Republic of Greece, the best wishes of the State of Illinois, upon the occasion of the pres- entation of our State flag to the Premier of Greece, to be placed in the Athens memorial to the soldiers of the ' orld War.
The gift of that flag, and the heartfelt messages which accompanied it, was a symbol of the warm fellowship that we of Illinois feel for the men and women, not alone of your native land, but of the other nations of the old world.
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Miscellaneous Material, June 28, 1931.
Today, we are gathered here to receive for the State of Illinois the &reek flag, which will be housed in the State museum as a continual reminder that the men and women of Greece share with us in a mutual bond of understanding, good will and lasting affection.
This exchange of flags signifies to me a growing apT)reciation of the fact that no nation can live for itself alone; nor progress at the ex- pense of others. We may be proud that the Inited States has never cared to turn its great natural resources into destructive agencies to gain greatness through the downfall of those less favorably situated. On the contrary, we have shared our discoveries with our sister nations, extended a helping hand in protection of the weak; and answered the call of human suffering - whether it come from the orphaned children of war- striken Europe; the qiiake-torn zones of Japan; or the starving hordes of China's famine districts.
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Throtigh our President, Herbert Hoover, we were privileged again this past weeic to extend to the nations of Europe, trembling on the brink of comolete disaster, a helping hand, which may point the way to their recovery from the economic problems which confront them. That action expresses more strongly than words, the great good will of the United States, for its sister countries and opens the way to a new vision of international relations.
Within our communities, and between our States, we have in the past decade, witnessed a new bond of friendliness. Barriers of class and section have been swept away, and we have come to the realization that those problems which affect one class must ultimately affect all classes; and that no section of the nation can long remain sick, without extend- ing the disease to all other sections.
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President Hoover, in recognizing that the ills of one great nation must before long make themselves felt in every other nation, and his action in meeting the present European crisis, is an indication of new leader- ship and new thotight in the Jamily ol nations.
Out of it must come oetter conaitions for all, and higher appreciation of the well wishes of our nation toward those less fortunately situated. That the history, the customs and the political activities of one nation affect the life of other nations, even hundreds of years later, is nowhere more clearly shown than in tne influence ishich your native Greece, exerts on the civilized world. We owe it a deep debt of gratitude for its con- tribution to the cause of happy living, even though a large share of that gift. dates back almost to the beginning of the world's written history.
Greece, in its architecture, its materpieces of sculpturing, its philos- ophy, its literature and its sciences, has given to the world a creative
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gift that will continue to cast its influence on the coixntless years, to corae.
And, standing high in this contribution to the cause of human welfare, is the steadfast loyalty and keen appreciation of individual service, that is exemplified "by the history of Greece.
!vIore than 2,000 years ago, the yovng man of Athens, standing ready to assume the privileges and obligations of citizenship, raised his right hand, and swore to leave "his city not less, hut greater and more beautiful than he found it."
Today, we are gathered in the shadow of the tomb of Abraham Lincoln, who, like the yo^Jiij^ man of Athens, swore to leave his nation not less but greater than when it was entrusted to hira#
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He met his obligation, and a martyr's grave, but each day he stands forth even greater - - a symbol of sacrifice, of service, of love and of under- standing. And each year in increasing thousands, proud men from the far corners of the nation and the world, kneel at his bier, place a wreath, shed a tear, and talce new resolve ever his last resting place to perpet- uate those great principles of human love, which so marked his life.
Bonded together as a nation, because of mutual love of liberty, and the sacrifices which were necessary to attain it, the original thirteen United States naturally attracted the hardy and courageous spirits of the old world to the shores of the new nation. They came from Greece, Italy, Austria, Germany, France, England, Scotland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark - - from all the lands of the world. They were fused in a new mold and from that mold in endless procession came the citizen- ship which we know today.
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More than 2,000 years ago, G-reece became the first democracy; and, in the attainment of the highest honors of citizenship, birth counted for little more than nothin^^. Men were elevated to high positions, and achieved fame and fortune - - not because of the conditions of their birth, but because of their degree of service in the nation's cause.
Years rolled by, and the democracy of G-reece was tramoled on by the Romans. Kings and Emoerors rose and fell, nations carried on intrigue, and alliances were made and broken; but throiigh a long course of years, classes remained classes, and rulership vested in those born of ruling families.
Such conditions have vanished from the earth; and here in America is new mold, birth again counts almost less than nothing in the attainment of the highest awards of citizenship. Preferment depends on service.
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and service deoends on our preoaredness to meet the needs of the day. We get out of our citizenship only what we put into it. America needs those who are competent and willing to serve. The door is open to all.
Illinois is fortun;ite in the sons of Greece which it has attracted to its doors. Seldom has one heen found wanting in answering the call of service.
When the nation sounded the cry of danger in the World TTar, thousands of Oreek parentage answered. Some were left on the field of battle. Others more fortunate returned and are gathered here today. In memory of those who did not return, let us join in accenting the flag of Greece, to he placed in the halls of State, a contin\ial l^ond between the legion- naires of Illinois and the TTorld War forces of your native Greece - - two great forces which fought shoulder to shoulder, not for personal gain, but in behalf of a better understanding between nations.
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Saloniki, June 27, 1931, p. 6
The local, national and internc.tional athletic games of today typify a Greek custom.
It is a natural instinct in rrtinkind, whenever there is a gathering either ceremonial, or testimonial, to seek ostentation and merri- ment*
The ancient writers referred to many gatherings which were the prototypes of the later Olympic games.
homer tells us that \jhen Odysseus sailed into Corfu, King Alkinos ordered, in honor of the roaming navi;:ator, a celebration to be held including dances and athletic games. Likewise the Argonauts, while sailing at Kolhis, met a storm, landed at Lymnos, and offered sacrifices and held athletic games.
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It is also known th t the ancient Greeks held such games at the death of a notable, as for instance, very extensive geunes were held, fulfiling the wish of Achilles when he died. These games also were held at the death of Oedipus, Fatroclos and others, iioner extensively i^ell us that thr) ^.reeks after offering sacrifices to their gods always held gaiaes.
Athletic games were the topic of the day even when the Greeks held their Amphictyonic councils ^a league of (ireek people meeting for common interest, semi-annually Delphi and Thermopylas.) The present league of lotions is based upon the Greek Amphictyonic councils.
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^ Saloniki, June 27, 1931* ^^p-p^
As is known, all the cities (most of them being in themselves king- doms of ancient Greece) held annual or semi-anniial athletic games, in which the people of surrounding territories participated* rhus the local games eventually became Pan-Hellenic, as the Olympic, isthmian and i^emean games.
The present day awards (money or trophies) to the victors of games, also springs up from the ancient Greek programs. The acclamation of the spectators was what swayed the decision in awarding trophies to the victors. Contrary to the now prevalent conception (that money was not given as an award) the awards comprised valuable objects, or money, and that is the reason the games were called •'money athletic games, bolon, fixed five hundred drachmas for the Olympian victors, and 100 drachmas for tbe isthmian. The victors of the other games were accordingly compensated as Diogenes the Laertios, tells us.
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Saloiiiki, June 27, 1931.
These "money** games took place at the early periods of the ^an-hellenics«
The apparel of the athlete also typifies a Greek cus"Oom« The contestants of the four i-'an-nellenic games were not entirely nude, for they had a loin cloth. But the wearing of the loin cloth did not prevail long. The Lacedemons \irere the first to discard it and in 720 i3»C* it was no longer used in any part of Greece, a short, sleeveless tunic being preferred.
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THE HELLENIC DELEGATION OP Y.M.C.A REACHES HEW YORK ON THE FOURTH OP JULY
p* 2.- From Athens conee word that the Hellenic delegation for the Young Men's Christian Association is sailing from Greece for Cherbourg, Prance, irtiere they will hoard the "President Harding", arriving in New York, July 4th.
The party will spend three weeks at the Association's summer camps near Boston, Rochester, Pittsfield, and Manchester. They will then leave for Toronto to be present at the Third International Assembly of the "Y" boy workers held from July 27th to Aug. 2nd. Prom Toronto, the party will visit the Cleveland World Convention of the Y.M.C.A. from Aug. 4th to Aug. 9th.
Upon their arrival in New York they will be joined by the Greek Arch- bishop, who will Indicate his hearty support*
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The Sreek delegation consists of the following personnel, Herbert P. Lansdale, Jr., Athens, member of the Board; Mr. Ractivan, of Syra, for Director; and Messrs. Polytimos, Mavreas, Adossides, Milonas, Vakis, Kakouras, and Eouvalas.
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3EN3ATI0.:AL RiiCiiiPVlOi^ FOR TiiE GKiiiTAKo ii^ Urli::.j:iiUiii
Three hundred Cretans from the united states have ariived at Feraeus, Greece, for a visit to their native Crete*
The Cretan societies of Athens and Peraeus organized a warm reception for the visiting friends. Thousands of Cretans from both cities, crov/ded the quay of Peraeus, vrhile hundreds in rovz-boats dotted the waters of the shore.
As the majestic 'Tatria*' calmly entered the shore, frenzied cheers from the multitude filled the air, acclamation and ap lause was manifested everywhere. The visitors on the approaching "Patria'* returned the cheerinr;; with cannonades of hurrahs, spasmodically shaking hands, handkerchiefs and hats.
Y/hen the boat anchored, the antlienis of united States and Greece were played by the boat iiiusicians and the Cretan tourists sang native songs.
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The civic authorities of i^eraeus, headed by the ^-^yor and comiriittees of Cretan societies boarded the boat, greeted the visitors and gave them the key to the city. The Greek-American tourists were fascinated by this warm reception.
Other prominent figures, who boarded the boat to v/elcome the tourists, were h^r. iJambergis, ^resident of the Cbntennial Anniversary} (ienoral Korakas; i^r. Stephanides, Private Secretary to the rrime Minister, and irany others.
A short time later the r'rime i-iinister of the land, with his wife, boarded the ship and had luncheon with the Greek ^^ericans.
At 10 P.M. a magnificent dinner was given in honor of the visitors, at the Civic Theatre, in which many prominent personages participated. Tomorrow, the boat v/ill sail for their native Crete*
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v;e congratulate the wise old Greeks across the \mter, for they know that cordial and warm receptions to us Greek- Americans, indicate closer cooperation, friendship, ana also more Aiiierican dollars to be spent •
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Chicago Greek Dally, June 22. 1931. ^^ O^^^) PRO), 302):
CONSULAl'E GENERAL OF GREECE 111 CHICAGO
p. 3- The Consxilate General of Greece in Chicago warns all concerned that the Secretary of Transportation and Communication urges our co\intry- men not to send paper money inclosed in letters to their relatives be- cause the money is likely to he stolen hy dishonest people, especially by persons in the lower reuiks of the postal service whom it is difficult to control and hold responsible for thefts
To avoid complaint on the part of those concerned and criticism of our postal service, it is urged that money be sent only by the internationally adopted form, namely, by post-office orders, which are issued for all Greek ports by all branches of the United States Post Office.
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Saloniki, June 20, 1931, p. 1
Tu. GK^.^K rLAG jILL BE JiiiLlVKlSD TO GOV. jiikSKoOl,;,
JuKh] 28th
On Jvme 28th the Gfreek flag will be officially delivered to the Governor of the btate of Illinois.
The flag ?/as dispatched by the Greek Illation, in a polite gesture of ex- change, for the sending of the United States'- flag to Greece, on the centennial anniversary of Greek independence.
i or greater lorrnality in delivery of the flag, the Greek chapter of the American i^egion v/ishing lihat many Greeks should participate in the ceremony, succeeded in getoing a railroad reduction for round trips to cipringfiold, making the Illinois Central round trip ticket four dollars for the occassion.
According to the checked reports coming to the office of the American Legion, hundreds of Greeks from cities of Illinois, Indiana and i^issouri are coming to Springfield to participate in the ceremony of the flag's presentation.
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Saloniki, June 13, 1931, p. 1
MO.^lSTHOuo i.loTORICAL INACCURACL^S.
In justice to Greek history, in justice to the masterpieces of the creative Greek mind, and i .r the enlightenment of those pseudo- authorities in historical lore, we write this article, hoping that the -:ionstrous inaccuracies blazoned in the uev/ York i^ewspaper, will be corrected*
The great publication. The Kev/ lork Times, last L'onday, published a telegram sent by its correspondent of Athens. It said:
•♦The merchanical genius of the ancient Komans and that of the modern Americans, in unison, made its manifestation at the official inauguration of the new hydraulic works of Idarathon, which, with the Andrian acqueduct, that was built 1800 years ago, will, in the future supply Athens, reraeus and the suburbs, with the necessary quantity of water •
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Galoniki, June 13, 1931^
Jvir. Venizelus, Prime Liinister, opened the fountain, which ^jvas specifically inade for the ceremony, at the remains of the great Temple of Zous, under- neath the portal of Adrian.
Athens, Peraeus and the suburbs, with their present population of over one million, had obtained, for the last 1,800 years, their water supply from the aqueduct which v/as built by iiimperor Adrian, 115 A.D« v/hen Cireece was under Roman sovereignty, in spite oi the great admiration to ancient Greece, by America and the v;hole v/orld, for her architectural masterpieces, -america, knew more in regard to water works anu hydraulics, than the Greeks, x'he aqueduct was sufficient bo supply v/ater for a population of 200,000, and it is so well built that it is as useful, today as it weis in ancient times. lioteworthy of the hydraulic v/orks is ^he dam of Liarathon, which, it is said, is the only dam in the world made entirely of marble.
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Saloniki, dune 13, 19 31-
•rhe different kinds of ..jarbls caiae from the famous marble mines of ''^enteli' the dam is one thousand feet long,**
The Athens correspondent of the Kew !ifork fimes, were he not entirely non- historical, v/ould have been able to know, that the Adrian aqueduct, built 1800 years ago is purely, I'ro..; top to bottom, a product of ureek craft* fhe arcl.itect, engineer ana workt^rs v/ere Greeks, according to the very explicit language of historical data. The only thing connected with the Koman na:::e, is the money. i:iiaperor Adrian appropriated the money for the construction of the dam. If we take into consideration the history of dams, in ^urope and America, we find it is shorter than one century, the 1800 year life of the Adrian aqueduct therefore is a miracle cf the ureek mechanic "il mind*
The limes correspondent also tells us that the Adrian dam is one only marble-made aqueduct in the world*
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Salonika., June 13,1931'
This second inaccuracy is just as huge as the first one, the fact is that t>:is eminent correspondent is lacking historical knowled^-;e. I'he laarble-made aqueduct at the shores of Bosporus, built, over 1000 years ago, ?/hich is a masterpiece of mechajiical ingenuity and art, is not known to the correspondent of the "Times,**
This Byzantine artifical lake for over ten centuries supplied the inliabitants of Constantinople v/itli wuter, This is ior tiie enlightenment of the rimes correspondent.
Salonlki > May 9, 1931, p. 1 OSmZ
III H
COURAGE •
The Greek race besides its other characteristics is distinguished for Its courage. Men and women alike are found to he very coura^ous. They have not only the physical courage, which distinguished Greeks on the battle front, but spiritual courage •
Courage is a dlvlnagift. It takes courage to be just and give Justice, it takes courage to fight temptations, to tell the truth, to do right, to govern and to believe in the true God. It takes courage of body and sotil to do anything worthwhile.
Bravery and courage aire not synonymous. On the inrptilse of the moment one may show bravery, but it does not establish the fact that the person is courageous.
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Salonlld, May 9, 1931»
Every progress, in the annals of history, is based upon courage, coiirage which includes patience, deliberation stability and right thinkings
It Was courage in the case of the greatest philosopher, Socrates who defied the Judges and told them they were foolish to condemn him to die. It was courage that fortified him to resist the pressure of the Judges, and that of the people who could not understand him. He refused to be smuggled away, when one of his pupils bribed the Jail guard and he died with the immortal words "The time is at hand to be separated; I to die, and you to live. Which of the two is bet er Grod, only, knows."
Many philosophers, scientist, and God advocating people, weie persecuted in the name of religion, bias and superstition all over the world. Those persecuted martyrs of all the nations are exemplified by their courage, and stand today as pillars of the human edifice.
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Salonlkl . May 9. 1931.
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It was courage that made the two Spartans refuse to kneel before the great King of the Persians; "The Oreat King," as he was called, not knowing the courage of the Greeks, sent two messengers to demand from them a surrender of land and sea* The Greeks, contrary to prevailing rules angered by the humiliating demand to surrender did away with the two messengers.
The infuriated King sent other messengers to remind the Greeks of prevailing rules concerning the immunity of messengers demanded an apology and above all a surrender of arms. The Greeks acknowledging their error in slaying the messengers agreed to send two Spartans to be killed by the Persian King in retaliation.
The two Spartans were brought before the King and ordered to kneel before him in salutation.
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They refused to kneel or to bow their heads saying, "We came to be killed and not
to bow. Greeks bow only before God, not before a human." This episode
distinguish these two youths of Sparta, whose men and women are known the world over for the courage they possess.
In ordinary life it is courage, and not bravery, that makes a man say "No" when the odds are against him. Unfortunately, few of us possess courage. We are afraid of this and of that and we become nothing but parrots, ^e have not the courage to tell the truth, lest we hurt the feelings of somebody. ?/e dress act and live according to established rules of society. We flatter and want to be flattered. Due to lack of co\irage we are not ourselves but strange creatures. We become serfs and "yes men" owing to lack of courage, We prefer to become \injust rather than lose our popularity. Why? Because it is easier to bow and flatter, than to be high-minded, noble-hearted and determined. It requires power courage and determination to swim up stream, whereas, even an inanimate object can navigate down-stream.
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Salonlkl . May 9. 1931
The desire for popularity has reached its zenith* This tendency has become so great that the morals of political men are absent* Consciences have become more elastic.
The same moral cowardice is prevalent amongst high and low levels of society. The hypocricy and debasement of the high levels are followed by the hypocricy and debasement of the low levels. If the so called moguls of society have not the courage to openly express their opinions what can be exoected of the low elements?
Mental courage is an indispensible factor in maintaining independence of character. Coinciding, with the sayings of A-or B-, in order to be in harmony and accord is mental cowardice, not politeness. Courageous men rule and govern the world.
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Saloaikl, May 9, 19 31.
The courageous man is noblehearted and minded chivalrous to his enemies. History gives many example: of chivalry among generals, in the midst of furious battles.
Prom what we have already said, it becomes very clear tliat courage is the corner stone of character* Intellectual giants, or ordinary people, are one and the same if they have no character.
The Spartan moth^^r sending her son to war on handing him his shield said "Come back with it or u-oon it." You see determined courage, not bravery, in the words of the Spartan woman.
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Chicr<2;o G-reek i^aily. May 2, 193^
ccivC}im:iEa visits op mimisters Ynok sreece
In the preceedin^^ articles we have shown that in sendin- the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ivlr. Mihalakopoiilos, to America, the Greek Government will not render a.n^' service to itself nor to the Hellenism of America.
On the otner hajid, sendin^^s of the Minister of liational Economy shoiild he an advantage for Greece, especially to its general commercial interests. The study of Hellenism in America, from the standpoint of its econimic impor- tance for Greece, should prove more fruitful to Greek government policy.
The question of Greek education, "befittin^^ the new Greek generation of A-ieri- ca, should also he of imperative im[portance as regards the status of relation- ship of riellenism in America to its :.'.other Country. The Greek communities are struggling along and cannot solve this? question hy themselves, without the moral succor of Greece.
In the first place, we are not ahle to create t :e personnel for our schools here and consequently the teachers must come :^rom Greece, with the necessary qualifications. Secondly, they must he under sur^ervision of a superior, who
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Chicago Grreek Daily, l/lay 2, 193^
would re.:;al?te the eduCc?tiorial program for the schools so thay they may function uniformly, .
In so far, as the Oreek education of the children of 5*^0,000 Oreeks of America is concerned, it is ti:e G-reel: government's duty, we Delieve, to have a suit- aole minister visit Ainerica. That mdnister is kr. Papandreas.
The Ecclesiastical question hrvin;:^; "being settled, there remains a most import- ant matter to be straightenen up and that is school organization. This matter presents many difficulties that cannot "be settled "by the G-reek population of America alone.
The ilreek government is duty-hound to pay serious attention to this most important question, if it really wants to preserve the G-reek race in America; if it seriously concerns itself with the G-reeks that are abroad,
A visit by the Oreek I/dnister of Public Education, will not only render great service to the Greeks here, but it will also exercise a great influence in strengt'iening the national spirit; it will create the conviction that Greece is watching her children abroad with, interest, willing to help them in their efforts to preserve their racial identity.
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Chicago greek Daily, May 2, I93I
F-urthermore, a minister of Mr. Papa.ndreas ' dit^-nity has much to :j:ain from a visit to -^meric?. He will be given the opportunity to visit the various American educ-:^tionsl institutions, studying their systeia of education and see from close qurrters the progress m-de; studies anci ohservations that will greatly help him in his efforts to organise the department which he directs.
Since the visit of the Kinister of Foreign Affairs is uselers, there "being no diplomatic matters to settle, we suggest that one of the Ministers of National Economy and PuDlic Education he substituted, "because they have importaJit things to observe ajid study here for the benefit of G-reece and the G-reeks of America.
Sp. Kotakis.
(Sunmary)
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Chica7,o C-reek Daily, Apr. 30, 1931.
HE I^INIoT^RIAL VISIT ^''u.^^ o^
( Editorial, Part 2) ''^'.''
P-1. In our previous article v/e stated that since the diplomatic relations between the United States and "reece are not in a condition to v/arrant the arrival of the 'Jreek l.iinister of r'orei.^n Affairs, the proposed visit of I. r. FichalacoT:oulos to this country is entirely unnecessary.
Cn the other hand there are many reasons to warrant visists by other Greek I'inisters for the purpose of invest i;^at in -^ and studying niatters which are of great concern joth to the Greek nation and to the Creeks in .arerica.
Some 0^* tnese matters are; economic and r^icial problems relatin ' to the ore-
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servation of the Greek race in .America.
The Greeks of -vmerica, ever since the be 'inning of th "-ir er.i'-ration , have b-en as they are today, a great econoi.'dc factor for Greece. Trie people of Greece
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Chicago Greek Daily > Apr, 30, 1931 •
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are well aware of this fact, and in many Greek circles these remittances made by the Greeks in the United States to the people of Greece are evidently a topic of frequent discussion,
Hellenism in America has been productive soil for Greece • This soil has bountifully yielded rich fruit for Greece without Greece •s applying the least effort to its cultivation*
Unfortunately Greece has not yet realized that it is essential to take meas" ures to prolong and increase these frequent remittances from Greeks in Amer^ ica, ^ich have contributed immensely to the stability of the Greek nation.
The only effort made by officials and by private citizens of Greece has been to sanction the collection of contributions for various causes* But the collection of contributions is not the alpha and omega of our economic policy.
It is evident that the remittances made to Greece for various pttrposes
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Ch-ica:;o Greek Dailyt -^pr • 30 , 1931 • ! -'! h; p j\ o]
■•-. ^ . • / by the Greeks in .America have considerhibly diminished, and it is about time '-^ — -''
for the people of Greece to stuay this nicst important and serious problem
ind to aiscover .vays and means to cultivate this fruitful colony, //hich is
known as the "Hellenism, of .-Lmerica'*. This .-oil of .-j-nerican Hellenism is not
capable of spontaneously bearin_^ fruit forever, and before lon^ it .vill cecise
to be ^n economic factor for Greece. This problem j;hich re4uires serious
study, should be taken up by the i-inister of Finance anc not by the ministry
of f orei m :^f fairs.
It is preferaole therefore that Greece should send another minister, the Minister of Finance, so that he may properly study the economic problems of the Greeks of Amierica, - a matter of great concern to Greece.
There exists, at present, another important reason :*or a visit of the Minis- ter of Finance to the United States.
This is the fact ths.t the Government of Greece v/ill be represented at the
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Chicago Greek Daily, Apr* 30, 1931*
international exposition to be held in Chicago in 1933# This matter which requires serious study, falls under the jurisdiction of the Llinister of Finance and will be an important factor in increasing Greek commerce with the United States, and this increase in commerce T;ould indirectly augment the remittances to Greece •
Of what use will Lir. Michalacopoulos'. be in these matters, v/hich are entirely foreign to his activities and do not fall under his jarisdic— - tion?
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iTe wish to emphasize the fact that the economic problems of the Gr-eeks in America are a serious matter and require the attention of the proper minister, vaho in this case is It. Yurloumis , not llr^ Ivlichalacopoulos.
To judge by the sentiments of the Greeks in America, 11^. I^Iichalacopoulos is of all people the person least adequate for the study of these problems
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Chica:J-o v^reek Daily, ^pr. 30, 1931. v;{^
He is a man of r-xave t.^mperarient , who doe^ net like to mingle 7;ith the masses, whereas I/.r. Vurloumif} is a :Tiun of rrore symrathetrc nature, better adapted to deal '.vith the Greeks in America, v/ho in their present environment have devel- oped a type of mind v;hich could not be reconciled to the aloofness of I.r. I.-ichalacopoulos«
American politicians, especially government officials of high rank are sim.ple and derr.ocratic , in contr-.st to our "reek officials, ,vhc still abide by ancient customs ana endeavor to impose their sU'C^-Tiority on people of ordinary rank. Cn the other hand the Greeks in America, in spite of their feeling of indepen- dence and their political I'^berty, are ready to render all due honor and re- ^jpect to a minister, r^^gardless of the fact that he too, is a mere mortal.
?or the reasons stated i^bove, v/e believe thcit the lon:_;; postponed visit of the Greek Minister of Foreign -iffair. to the United States ;/ill produce no prac- tical results. ! r. I.Mchalacopoulos , v/ho merely dishes to find an excuse to
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\i'cj.-c "r.ek lull-, .ior* 30, 1^31
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visit Americ-:. for hi^ c.7n -^tisfaction , a:i;r Torn all indicia ions been in-X:;;^_ spired by the "supre.'fie ^overr.ors" of th? Crier .•l^L'^PA, a Ireek fraternal orv-aniz-tion existin : in the United States, '^/hich recently visited ^'reece, and r^rssu-^.ea to express not only the sent ir-^ent? of the 'Teeks in ^r.erica but also those of the Un.Hed States ^overiTP.entl Perhaps it ;as tnese officials --vho mi.de ai." belir-ve th:.t tne entire population in this country is //aitin_; to .'/elcom^ hir: vith open arr.s. ;io./ else can '.ve interpret hr» I'.-ichalaco;:oulcs* ardent desire to 7isit this country and the :,rief ,vhich he nas so r.anv times exoressea chat -le is '*a 'ain forced xo nost'
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pone his trip to trie United States oec^use of ct/ier business?**
One 0;'* trie motives ./hic-i pror.pted our present ccirient on trie proposed visit o: I'r. !.-ichalacopoulos in the capacity ci Greek :."inist:;r cf For- eign Affairs is, cur desire to i.s.--ure him that there -is no apparent reason for hhs anxiet'/ aoout his oft-uost-soned trip- th 3 postpcne.-i.ent due to **ot:;er business" - oecause the facx is tliat the present st^xte of dip- lomatic relations oetveen the Unfted States '"'overrj'-nent and ''r-^-ece does
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Chicago Greek Daily, Apr# 30, 1931. V". ^
not warrant a visit by the Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs. There are however, other matters that would justify the visit of a minister of Greece, but these matters are not under the jurisdiction of I.Ir« I^iichalacopoulos; therefore, aven if he postpones indefinitely his proposed visit to the United States, no loss will ensue. It is a farce, if we may so express it| for a Minister of Foreign Affairs to contemplate visiting a foreign na- tion withoUtany apparent reason.
Aside from all this, however, je wish to assure IJr» Michalacopoulos that when at last he relinquishes his important ** business duties" and decides to visit us, the Greeks in America and we, above all will feel gratified and honored by his visit because we steadfastly believe that Greek govern- ment officials, besides attending to their i«,^ular duties, should make it a point to visit the Greek populace of i\merica and to study its problems.
In our next article v/e shall comment on another Greek minister vjhose presence in this country, in our opinion, is indispensable.
3. Kotakis