280	A BRIEF SURVEY OF HUMAN HISTORY
spirit of the two orders may be represented in terms of the
exhortations of their respective founders: " I, little brother
Francis," declared the humble saint of Assisi, "desire to
follow the life and poverty of Jesus Christ, persevering there-
in until the end; and1 I beg you all and exhort you to per-
severe always in this most holy life of poverty, and take-
good' care never to depart from it upon the advice and tea-
chings of any one whomsoever." The spirited Dominic de-
clared, " I have exhorted you in vain, with gentleness, prea-
ching, praying, and weeping. But according to the proverb-
of my country, 'where blessing can accomplish nothing,
blows may avail .' We shall rouse against you ^princes and
prelates, who, alas, will arm nations and kingdoms against
this land... .and thus blows will avail where blessings and
gentleness have been powerless." Francis may very well
remind us of our gentle Tukariam, and Dominic of the
sturdy Dayanand.
Lastly, we must deal here with the Crusades. The gentle-
ness of Jesus and Francis, indeed, could not prevail against
the ruthless enemies of the Cross,—the Turks and Saracens.
The menace of the militant Crescent demanded the spirit
of Charles Martel, Dominic, and Peter the Hermit.
The Holy Places of Christianity, particularly Jerusalem,
had long fallen into the hands of the Muslims. The tole-
rant Arabs had been succeeded by the bigoted Turks, and
pious Christian pilgrims could no more find immunity in the
East. Jerusalem was occupied by the Seljuk Turks in
1076, and the effect was soon visible in the disgraceful
treatment of the Patriarch of the Holy City. He was
dragged through the streets by the hair, beaten and im-
prisoned, and released only on payment of a heavy ransom.
Consequently Christian pilgrims flocked back to Europe
spreading in every country harrowing tales of .their .perse-