SECTION THREE .Herein is described the transition from; the Ancient to the Modern world : Chapter XV deals with The Rise of Islam which vitally affected the history of both Asia and Europe, In Chapter XVI are revealed the unsuccessful efforts Towards Better Order in Europe made by the Holy Roman Emperors, leading to the historic rivalry between Church and State. Chapter XVII shows The Sway of the Cross through the power of the Popes, the Monastic Orders, and the Crusades. Medieval Life in Europe in all iis phases is described in Chapter XVIII, while Chapter XIX throws a flood of light on The East in Medieval Times, particularly China, India, and Greater India. The great discoveries and intellectual movements in The Age of Expansion form the subject matter of Chapter XX, and their culmination in The Reformation in Europe is dealt with in Chapter XXI.