340 A BRIEF SURVEY OF HUMAN HISTORY

and committed to our secular power, to be burned according to
the wholesome and good laws of- our realm in that case provided;
for asmuch as in those cities, and the diocese thereof, he has
in times past preached and taught most pestilent heresies and
doctrine to our subjects there, we have therefore given order that
the said Hooper, who yet persisteth obstinate, and hath refused
mercy when it was graciously offered, shall be put to execution
in the said city of Gloucester, for the example and terror of such
as he has there seduced and mistaught, and because he hath
done most harm there..,. And forasmuch also as the said
Hooper is, as heretics be, a vain glorious person, and delighted
in his tongue, and, having liberty, may use his said tongue to
persuade such as he hath seduced, to persist in the miserable
opinion that he hath sown among them, our pleasure is, there-
fore, and we require you to take order, that the} said Hooper be
neither, at the time of his execution, nor in going to the place
thereof, suffered to speak at large, but thither to be led quietly
and in silence, for eschewing of further infection and such in-
convenience as may otherwise ensue in this part. Wherefore fail
not, as ye tender our pleasure.

To save itself from the surging tide of Protestantism the
Roman Catholic Church adopted various measures which had
very far-reaching consequences. This is often described as
the " Counter-Reformation/' The most distinguished work-
ers in this attempt to set the Catholic house in order were
the Jesuits, members of, a glorious Order—the Society of
Jesus—founded by the Spaniard, St. Ignatius Loyola (1493-
1556),. The Pope, Paul III, approving of "this army of
Jesus Christ," described the society as one

"founded for the especial purpose of providing for the ad-
vancement of souls in Christian life and doctrine and for the
propagation of the faith through public . preaching and the
ministry of the word of God, spiritual exercises and deeds of
charity, and in, particular through the training of the young and
ignorant in Christianity and through the spiritual consolation of
.the faithful of Christ in hearing confessions,"