470 A BRIEF SURVEY OF HUMAN HISTORY

ARTICLE 2.—The action of the League under this Covenant
shall be effected through the instrumentality of an
Assembly and of a Council, with a permanent Secreta-
riat.

ARTICLE 7.—The Seat of the League is established at Geneva.
The Council may at any time decide that the Seat of the
League shall be established elsewhere.

ARTICLE 8.—The members of the League recognise that the
maintenance of peace requires the reduction of national
armaments to the lowest point consistent with national
safety and the enforcement by common action of inter-
national obligations.

ARTICLE 10.—The Members of the League undertake to res-
pect and preserve as against external aggression the terri-
torial integrity and existing political independence of
all Members of the League—

ARTICLE 11.—Any war or threat of war, whether immediately
affecting any of the Members of the League or not, is
hereby declared a matter of concern to the whole League,
and the League shall take any action that may be
deemed wise and effectual...

ARTICLE 16.—Should any Member of the League resort to
war in disregard of its covenants under Articles 12, 13,
or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed
an act of war against all other Members of the League,
which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to the
severance of all trade or financial relations, the prohibi-
tion of all intercourse between their nationals and the
nationals of the covenant-breaking State, and the pre-
vention of all financial, commercial or personal inter-
course between the nationals of the covenant-breaking
State and the nationals of any other State, whether a
Member of the League or not.