CONTENTS. XV

Caesar's Conquest of Gaul—His Ethnographical and Geographical
Notices—Transference to Towns of Names of Tribes—Caesar's Descrip-
tion of the Country of the Veneti—His Expeditions into Britain—
His Information about it—Acquaintance of the Romans with Germany—
Campaigns of Drusus and of Tiberius—Conquest of Rhaetia, Vindelicia,
and Noricum—Of Pannonia—Importance to Geography of the Roman
Roads—Careful Measurement of Distances—The Wall-map of Agrippa—
Itineraries derived from it.......ai6—237

CHAPTER XII.

STRABO.

Strabo and the Augustan Age—His Geography a Summary of the Knowledge
then existing—Strabo's Life, Teachers, and Places of Residence—Extent
of his Travels—Almost Limited to Asia Minor, Egypt, and Central
Italy—Advantages which he Derived from them—His Philosophical
Opinions—Stoic Tenets—His Political Opinions—Imperial Sympathies—
Strabo's Historical Work—Date of Composition of his Geography—Place
where it was written—Readers for whom it was intended—Its Compre-
hensiveness—Subjects Incidentally introduced—Predominance of His-
torical Geography—Influence of a Land on its Inhabitants—Artistic
Treatment of the Subject—Methods of lightening the Narrative—Neglect
of Strabo's Work in Antiquity—Admiration of it in the Middle Ages-
Modern Estimates—Limits of Strabo's Survey, in Europe, Asia, and
Africa—Contents of the Geography—The Introduction—Remarks on
Mathematical, Physical, and Historical Geography—Spain, Gaul, and
Britain—Italy and Sicily—Northern and Eastern Europe—Greece-
Veneration for Homer as a Geographical Authority—Northern and Central
Asia—Asia Minor—Southern Asia—Egypt and the Rest of Africa

23$—260

CHAPTER XIII.
GEOGRAPHY FROM THE DEATH OF AUGUSTUS TO THAT OF
TRAJAN (14—117 A.D.).
Roman Writers on Geography—Pomponius Mela—Pliny—His ffistoria
Naturalis—\\& Deficiencies—Its Statistical Geography—Notices of Places
in Asia—The Jordan—The Dead Sea—The Essenes—Palmyra—The
Tigris—Its Upper Course—Strabo's Account—The Lake of Van—
Criticisms of the Ancient Accounts—Strabo's and Pliny's Stories—Disap-
pearance of the Tigris—Common Source of the Tigris and Euphrates