VI.] EXPEDITION OF HANNO.
the voyage between those two points to be of equal length
that from Carthage to the Pillars of Hercules'. Moreover
accords satisfactorily with the distances that are given in the
subsequent part of the voyage, in which several of the places
reached can be determined with confidence.
The two most noticeable geographical features which the
voyagers passed on their way from the Straits to prom0ntory
the island of Cerne were the promontory of Soloeis of Soioeis
and the river Lixus. The promontory here in-
tended is not Cape Spartel to the westward of Tangier, to which,
as we have seen2, Herodotus gave that name—possibly he may
have confused the accounts he received of the two8—but Cape
Cantin, which lies considerably further to the south, in the same
latitude as Madeira. The Lixus, which is described in the
feriplus as "a great river, flowing from LibyaV' can be none
other than the Wady Draa, which is quite the
largest stream in this part of Africa, so that its
course is said to be longer than that of the Rhine;
it reaches the sea opposite the Canary Islands. This identification
is confirmed by the Carthaginian's remark, that the coast along
which they sailed to the southward of this was desert5, for it is at
the Wady Draa that the desert commences. The information is
added, that the mountains far in the interior, from which the
Lixus flowed, were inhabited by men of strange aspect, who were
cave-dwellers, and were said to be fleeter of foot than horses8.
In these we discover a branch of the same race in central Africa
which Herodotus characterises by these peculiarities, and which
we have already recognised as the Tibboos7.
From the island of Cerne, where their last colony was estab-
lished, the Carthaginians made two successive expeditions to the
1 Hannonis Periplus^ § 8, in Miiller, of. at., p. 6; see also his Prolegg.
p. xxvi. The valuable notes to this edition have done more than any other
work towards determining the positions mentioned by Hanno. Dr Mutter,
for his part, handsomely acknowledges his debt to RennelL
2 v. supra, pp. 94, 103.
8 Bunbury, History of Ancient Geography, I. p. 163 note.
* Periplus, § 6. fi § 8.
6 § 7. 7 v. supra, p. 9.6"; Herod. 4. 183,