236 THE ROMAN CONQUESTS. [CHAP.

by milestones1; and he remarks the same thing of the Egnatian
Way, the length of which he gives according to this computation,
from Apollonia and Epidamnus (Dyrrhachium), its two starting
points on the Adriatic, as far as the river Hebrus in Thrace8.
During the following century and a half these lines of com-
munication had been so extended and multiplied, that they
formed a network throughout the lands that were subject to
Rome. Thus in Gaul, subsequently to its conquest by Julius
Caesar, four great roads were constructed in such a way as to
open out the whole country, starting from Lugdunum as their
centre and leading respectively to the Rhine, to the coast of the
British Channel, to the Western Ocean near the mouth of the
Garonne, and southward through the Provincia— a proceeding
by which the prosperity of the country was greatly promoted.
The wall- AgnpPa» un(*er whose auspices this was effected,
map of was also the author of a geographical record, which

pa* was of the utmost service in promoting that study.

This was the map of the Roman empire and the countries in its
neighbourhood, the plan of which he devised, and the material
for constructing which he collected ; and which after his death, as
we learn from Pliny8, was set up by the orders of Augustus in the
Porticus Octaviae at Rome. To it was attached a commentary,
giving the dimensions of the different provinces, and the dis-
tances which intervened between the most important places. The
authorities which were principally used in compiling this chart,
were, no doubt, the itineraries, in which the distances along the
great roads were recorded ; and from it in turn reduced copies

Itineraries W6re ma(*e *0r ttie USe °^ ^e Prov"icial governors

derived from and the commanders of the forces. These were

called Itineraria ficta or Itineraria adnotata,

according as they gave a plan of the roads, or a list of the

1 Polyb., 3. 39. 8; rourei ^p vw pfpTiparurrau, xal creirqfMtwTtu
ffraSiovs &KT& 5ti 'Pw/talw m/ieXfo.

8 Polyb., ap. Strabon., 7. 7. 4; |8e/ty/«iT«r/t&ij /card fd\tov Ktd

8 Pliny, 3. 17; Agrippam quidem in tanta viri dttigentia praeterque in hoc
opere cura, cum orbem terrarum urbi spectandum propositurus esset, enasse
quis credat, et cum eo divum Augustum? Is namque complexam eum porticum
ex destioatione et commentariis M. Agrippae a sorore ejus inchoatam peregit