300 ROMAN FRONTIER DEFENCES AND ROADS. [CHAP.
Populonium, passing through the unhealthy coast-land of Etruria,
which is now known as the Maremma. In the
SwuritCmiha year IO9 BtC' ^ was contmued by Aemilius Scaurus
over the difficult ground which skirts the head
of the Gulf of Genoa, as far as Vada Sabatia (Vado); and this
portion was called the Via Aemilia Scauri, to distinguish it
from the more famous Aemilian Way in Cisalpine Gaul. During
the reign of Augustus it was again 'extended under
Viajulia. , ° . __. T .. . °, , .
the name of Via Julia along the Ligunan coast
to Cemenelum (Cimiez, at the back of Nice), thus reaching
the frontier of Gaul. The principal places which it passed in
this part were the native towns of Albium Ingaunum (Albenga)
and Albium Intemelium (Ventimiglia), and the old Greek colony
of Portus Herculis Monoeci (Monaco). At Cemenelum the road
was brought into connexion with the great Roman
through way through the Provincia, which passed by way
Southern of Forum jujii (Fr^jus) and Aquae Sextiae (Aix) to
Arelate (Aries) at the head of the delta of the
Rhone'; and from that place, first to Nemausus (Nimes), and
then by Narbo (Narbonne) to the foot of the Pyrenees. That
chain was crossed between Ruscino (Roussillon)
and Spain.
and Gertmda (Gerona); and from the latter place
the road proceeded to Tarraco (Tarragona), and after crossing
the Iberus continued along the coast to Valentia and the mouth
of the Sucro (Jucar). It there turned inland, and after passing
the watershed which separates the streams that fall into the
Mediterranean from those which reach the Atlantic, entered the
basin of the Baetis (Guadalquivir), and traversed the province
of Baetica by way of Corduba (Cordova), and Hispalis (Seville),
until it arrived at the ocean, with which in this way Rome was
connected1.
The Via Flaminia, which was the great northern road from
Rome, was constructed in 220 B.C. by Gaius
Flaminius during his censorship, with the object
of maintaining the communications between the
capital and Cisalpine Gaul, which country he had previously
subjugated Leaving Rome by the Porta Flaminia, it crossed
1 Mommsen, The Provinces of the Roman > Empire^ i. p. 74.