ADDITIONAL NOTES. Xlii
P. 70. Hecataeus
The geographical fragments of Hecataeus are collected in Jacoby,
Die Fragments der griechischen Historiker, vol. i. For an analysis
of Hecataeus' work, see the same author in Pauly-Wissowa-Kroll,
s.v. Hekataios.
P. 73,1. 12. Hecataeus on Spain
Hecataeus had a fairly continuous knowledge of the coasts of
southern and eastern Spain. His range of information in regard
to the west of Europe was appreciably wider than that of Herodotus.
The comparative ignorance of Herodotus illustrates the success of
the Carthaginian counter-attack upon the Greeks in the western
Mediterranean.
P. 73, 1. 28. The Araxes .
Hecataeus imagined that the Araxes was a tributary of the
Tanais or Don (fr. 195, Jacoby). This error shows that he had
anticipated Herodotus in confusing the Araxes with the Jaxartes
(see p. 82 of the text).
Ch. 5. Herodotus
A summary of Herodotus' contributions to geography will be
found in How and Wells, A Commentary on Herodotus^ Appendix 8.
Of previous works on this subject, How and Wells single out the
chapter in this text as the clearest and most accurate,
P, 84,1. 15. Herodotus and the Alps
The first reference to the Alps in Greek literature may be
discerned in the source of Avienus, a Massiliote writer of the sixth
century (see the editorial note on p. 109, 1. 29). This author
traced the course of the Rh&ne from *a gleaming cavern near the
Sun Mountain, and through a large lake' (pp. 641 ff.). Herodotus'
ignorance of the Alps was matched by that of Aeschylus and
Euripides, who derived, not the Danube, but the Rh6ne, from
Iberia (Pliny, 37. 31).
P. 84,1. 16. Alpis and Carpis
In these mysterious rivers we may recognise the Save and the
Drave, which Herodotus would naturally imagine as flowing in
a northerly direction, because of his belief that the Ister flowed
in a continuous easterly direction in its upper and middle courses.