INDEX.

377

Gaza, captured by Alexander, 127
Gedrosia, 140
Gela, foundation of, 53
Geloni, 87
Geminus, 159

Geographical discoveries, their stimu-
lating effect, 15, 16
Geographical eras and centres, 13—

15

Geography, its central position among
the sciences, i; its subdivisions, 2;
the study almost confined to the
Greeks, 12; its limited character
in antiquity, 16; advanced by the
Greek colonies, 43; by Alexander's
expedition, 123; by the Roman
conquests, 216; its decline after
Ptolemy, 367

Geology, Strabo's interest in, 245

'Germania* of Tacitus, its ethno-
graphical interest, 289

Germany, invaded by Caesar, 232;
campaigns of Drusus and Tiberius
in, 232, 233; the country less
known afterwards, 289

Ghuzni, 133

Gir and Nigir, rivers, 353

Glaesiae, islands, 164

Glaesum, etymology of the word, 164

Gnomon, invention of the, 64; an
improved kind used by Eratosthe-
nes, 170

Gold mines, Aethiopian, 186

Golden Chersonese, 281, 346

Gorillas, 108

Granicus, battle of the, 125

Greece, a suggestive country for the
study of geography, 9, 184; its
principal features, 10, 11; imper-
fectly described by Strabo, 256;
Pausanias' description of, 354 foil.

Greek explorers, 12

Greeks, the, their qualifications for
the study of geography, 8

Guardafui, Cape, 100, 147, 274

Gymnias, 117

Habitable world, measurement of by
Eratosthenes, 172—4; by Ptolemy,
34i

Hadramaut, district of, 142, 276; in*
habitants of, 203

Hadrian, the chief organiser of Roman
frontier defences, 294 foil.; his as-
cents of mountains, 313, 314; his
restoration of buildings in Greece,
554

Haemus, Mt, ascended by Philip V
of Macedon, 322; Pliny's estimate
of its height, 335
Halys, river, not mentioned in Ho-
mer, 22; the western limit of the
Cappadocians, 90; crossed by the
Royal Road, 90
Hanno, expedition of, 104; his ' Pe-
riplus,' 104
Harang, island, 107
Harmosia, 142
Harpasus, Xenophon's name for the
Acampsis, 117
Harrison, Miss, on Pausanias1 vera-
city, 362
Harud, river, 133
Heberdey, on Pausanias' routes in
Greece, 359; on his veracity, 360
—63
Hecataeus, on the formation of the
Delta, 62; on the inundation of the
Nile, 63; his division of the world
into continents, 67, 68; the Father
of Geography, 70; his political
•wisdom, 70; his sources of infor-
mation, 71; his geographical work,
71; its general geography, 72 $ its
contents, 73, 74
Hecatompylus, 132
Hellas, in Homer, 23
Hellespont, compared with the Straits
of Gibraltar by Polybius, 214
Helmund, river, 133
Hemeroscopeium, 55
Heptastadion of Alexandria, 146
Heraclea, 50
Heracleides Ponticus, on the Dotation
of the earth, 166
Heracles, representing the Phoenician
Melcarth, 5, 20; the fire-god, u
Herat, 130, 133
Herodotus, his life, 76; extent of his
travels, 77; his general view of
geography, 78; his primitive cos-
mical beliefs, 78; his attempts at
drawing a meridian, 79; his con-
ception of the map of the world,
80; contents of his work, 83; date
of its composition, 76; his remarks
on frankincense and cinnamon in
Arabia, 7; his disbelief in the Cas-
siterides, 38; on the Nile and the
Delta of Egypt, 61—3; on Mar-
donius' line of fire-beacons, 330;
on the shield displayed at Mara-
thon, 331
Hesiod, his description of the Styx, 24