38o

INDEX.

Map-making, its early difficulties, 64;
commenced by Anaximander, 64;
reformed by Eratosthenes, 180; by
Marinus, 339; by Ptolemy, 343 foil.

Maps, of Aristagoras, 65; of Erato-
sthenes, 180; of Marinus, 339; of
Ptolemy, 345

Maracanda, 135

Marathon, the shield displayed at,

33i
Mardi, the, subdued by Alexander,

I33

Marinus Tyrius, Ptolemy's debt to
him, 338; his attempt to reform
the map of the world, 339

Maritime Itinerary, the, 308

Marvellous narratives, not necessarily
incredible, 17

Massagetae, 82

Mass ilia, an early entrepot of tin
and amber, 32; founded by the
Phocaeans, 55; its colonies, 55; a
starting-point for geographical dis-
covery, 55 ; its rivalry with the
Phoenicians, 154; its political con-
stitution described by Strabo, 253

Mathematical Geography, the ques-
tions it treats of, 2; early specula-
tions on, 59, 60; slow development
of, 165; promoted by Aristotle,
166; and Eratosthenes, 166;
Strabo's imperfect treatment of,
251; developed by Marinus, 338;
and by Ptolemy, 340

Mausoleum of Augustus, minutely
described by Strabo, 254

Meadr* used in Britain, 18, 157

Measurement of the earth, 168 foil.,
I92» 34* f °f the habitable world,

lT*i 34*

Media, described by Poly bins, 211

Mediterranean Sea, the starting-point
for the history of geography, 3; its
superiority over the other seas, 3

Megara, its colonies on the Pro
pontis, 50

Megara Hyblaea, 53

Megasthenes, envoy from Seleucus
Nicator to Chandragupta, 148; his
work on India, 148 Toll.; on catch-
ing apes, 201

Mekran, province of, 140

Mela, his Chorographia, 262; his
knowledge of Southern Spain, 262;
of the Baltic and Scandinavia, 289

Melanchlaeni, mentioned by Heca-
taeus, 73; by Herodotus, 86

Melcarth, represented by the (
as Heracles, 5, 20; as Melice
Melitene, 298
Memnon, vocal statue of, 283
Memnon, commander under E
126
Memphis, occupied by Alex;
127
Mcnelaus, his voyages, 26
Menuthias, 275
Meridian > line, Herodotus' att<
at drawing a, 79; (see Longit
Merpe, 92, 292; its latitude <
mined by Philon, 175
Merriam, Mr A. C., on telegra;
among the ancients, 330
Messana, its position, 51
Messina, Straits of, guardec
Rhegium and Messana, 51; ca
of sword-fish in, 203
Metapontum, 52
Methana, eruption of, describe
Ovid, 198; warm spring at,
Methone, 49
Miletus, a geographical centre.
59; its colonies on the Eu
46 foil.
Miliarium Aureum at Rome, 2(
Military posts, chains of, 297
Mines; gold, 186; silver,210; ti
Mining operations, described by
tharchides, 186; in the Boo
Job, 188
Mithridatic war, its importanc
geography, 217
Mommsen, on the Rhaetian
German Limes, 296, 297; his
mate of Solinus, 365
Monsoon, the south-west, cause o
rainy season in India, 150; a
by Megasthenes the Etesian wi
195; afterwards called Hipp;
279
Mountain ascents, made by Hadi
313; of Etna, 319; of Args
321; of Haemus, 322; descrip
of a climb, 325
Mountains, differently viewed by
ancients and the moderns, «
religious feeling about them in
tiquity, 317, 318; their sum.
not always distinguished from
chain, 314; used as places of ^
ship by the Persians and the Gre
318; regarded as look-out pla
326—8; as signalling stations,
foil.; estimates of their heights,