x A Short History of the Middle East Egyptian Sudan, Cyrenaica, and Tripolitanla); Asia Minor or Anatolia, which now forms the greater part of the Turkish Re- public; and Persia or Iran. The Arabic-speaking lands form, both geographically and historically, the central core of this region, and it is with them mainly that this work is concerned; but they cannot be studied in isolation, either in the past or the present, from the linguistically-foreign lands of Anatolia and Persia which border them on the north.