SYSTEMS  OF  LAW	31
His laws, lest his heart be lifted up in pride above his brethren and he
turn aside to the right hand or to the left/1
Yet, in Western, as in Orthodox, Christendom, a resurgent Moses was
overtaken by a resurgent Justinian.
In the course of the eleventh century of the Christian Era the Imperial
Law School established by official action at Constantinople in a.d, 1045*
found its counterpart in Western Christendom at Bologna in the spon-
taneous emergence there of an autonomous university dedicated to the
study of the Justiniunean Corpus luris-,3 and the effect of this Western
renaissance of the Roman Law was not confined to the abortive attempt
—which was the Bologncse necromancers' first essay in the practical
application of their art—to use the Constantinopolitan Roman Imperial
Prerogative, in the form in which it had emerged from Justinian's hands,
as a legal weapon to reinforce the armaments of Hohenstaufen Emperors
in their twelfth-century renewal of the Holy Roman Empire's eleventh-
century struggle with the Papacy,4 Though in Western Christendom—
in contrast to the course of Orthodox Christian history—-a resuscitated
Roman Law thus failed to serve the political purpose of under-pinning
a resuscitated Roman Empire, it did potently serve the different politi-
cal purpose of fostering the revival, on Western ground, of an earlier
Hellenic political institution: the sovereign independent parochial
state.5
In Western Christendom's sinister evocation of this formidable ghost
of political parochialism from a defunct antecedent civilization's dead
past, the graduates of the University of Bologna played parts comparable
to those played in the evocation of ghosts of dead universal states by the
* Ibid., pp. 00-91.	» See p. 38, above,
3 Bury conjectures (Appendix, p. 536) that the foundation of the Conatantinopolitan
Law School in a,i>, 1045 'may have possibly had some influence on the institution of the
school at Bologna half a century later1. This is perhaps unlikely, considering the mutual
hostility of "Western and Orthodox Christendom towards one another in that age, It is
a Roman Imperial Government at Constantinople, Yet m a.d. 1045 uttlc less than three
centuriea had elapeed since the Constantinopolitan Government's definitive loss of the
Exarchate in a.d, 751 (see VII. vii, 539, n. 3); and there is no ground for supposing that
in the eleventh century the Romajma had not long since lost a familiarity with the
Orthodox Christian World which Venice and Amalii then still retained thanks to the
importance of the part played in their economies by their trade with the Levant. Thia
negative conclusion doca not, of course, imply that the location of the earliest and
greatest Western school of Justinianean Law at Bologna was nothing more than a geo-
graphical accident. It was assuredly not an accident that the study of the Juattnianean.
Law in, the West should have radiated from the principal city of an Italian province in
which this law had been in force, dtfafto as well as dijure, for little less than two cen-
turies running from the systematic reincorporation of Italy into the Ctmatftntinopolitan
Roman body politic, after the final liquidation of an Ostrogoth resistance movement in
A,w. 553, down to the final loss of the Ravenneee Exarchate by th« East Roman Emperor
Cotutantine V in a.». 751; (if we may assume that the Kdoga had not had time to aup-
pjant the Corpus lustimaneum in the Exarchate during the eleven years that had elapsed
since its promulgation in A.t>, 740), Those two centuries of practical familiarity witn the
Corpus fustinfanewn must httve enabled this version of the Roman Law to strike far
deeper roots in 'the* Komagna than in an adjacent I*o Basin which had been converted
from a Romania into a Lombardia at intervals ranging from a period of no more than
fifteen to a period of no more than fifty years (a,». 568-603) after the date of the integral
reincorporation of Italy into the Conntantinopolitan Roman Empire in a.p. 553.
+ See IV» iv. 557; VII. vii. 539; and p. 9, above,
« The Western renaissance of this Hellenic political institution has been noticed on
pp. 7-8, above.