5 266-261, 'the Chremonidean War* between Macedon (re-
habilitated since 276 B.C. by Antigonus Gonatas) and a coalition of
the Ptolemaic Power and its Continental Greek satellites; 260-255,
the war between the Ptolemaic Power and a coalition of the other
two Levantine Great Powers, Macedon and the Seleucid Monarchy;
253-246/5, naval warfare between the Ptolemaic Power and Mace-
don; 246-241, the third war between the Ptolemaic and the
Seleucid Power.

6 The First Romano-Punic War.

7 133—iii» the Gracchan agrarian revolution in Roman Italy;
132-130, Aristonicus's proletarian insurrection in the gleich-
geschaltet principality of Pergamum.

8 The second bout of Roman civil wars.

9 This breathing-space was interrupted by the second revolt of
the plantation-slaves in Sicily (104-100 B.C.). The Hellenic World
was in almost continuous revolution from 133 to 31 B.C., and even
the spells of relative quiescence were broken by eruptions.

10 224/3—222/1, the war in Continental European Greece be-
tween Sparta and a coalition of Macedon and the Achaean Con-
federacy; 221, the Seleucid King Antiochus Ill's first tentative
attack on the barrier fortresses covering the Ptolemaic Empire's
possessions in Coel6 Syria,

11 Hannibal's attack on, and conquest of, Saguntum,

12 220-217, the war in Continental European Greece between
the Aetolian Confederacy and a coalition of Macedon and the
Achaean Confederacy; 219-217, the fourth war between the Ptole-
maic and the Seleucid Power; 218-201, the Hannibalic War; 215—
205, the First Romano-Macedonian War; 202-198, the fifth war
between the Ptolemaic and the Seleucid Power; 200-197, the
Second Romano-Macedonian War; 191-189, the War between
Rome and a coalition of the Aetolian Confederacy and the Seleucid
Monarchy.

13 The overthrow of Lysimachus by Seleucus Nicatfir.

14 280-272, the war in Southern Italy between Rome and a
coalition of Tarentum and Epirus; 278-276, the war in Sicily between
Carthage and Epirus.

15 171-168, the Third Romano-Macedonian War; 149-148, the
Fourth Romano-Macedonian War; 149-146, the Third Romano-
Punic War; 146, the Romano-Achaean War.

16 The first bout of Roman civil wars.

17 This general peace was interrupted by the insurrections of
Spartacus in 73-71 B.C. and of Catiline in 63-62 B.C.

18 The Pax Roniana, under which the Hellenic World enjoyed
political unity in a universal state constituted by the Roman
Empire,

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