ALCUIN BIBLES. 259

Pandect; and it has been decided by the most
competent modern critics that the Bible in the
Museum was not written till a generation had
passed away after Alcuin's death.

That the verses were entered in other copies also
is certain. The Fathers of the Oratory della Valli-
cella at Rome had a copy oŁ this recension, which
was believed to be written by Alcuin's own hand
and presented to Charlemagne. In it there is a long
copy of verses, including those in the Museum
Bible, but with curious alterations and additions,
which make it probable that the Vallicella Bible
was written for Charlemagne's grandson,, Charles
le Chauve. Quae Pater Albwms devoto peetore sup-
pleoc is altered into Qvae tili devoto Carolus reso
peetore supplex, and verses are added, stating that
the Bible was written for a new church which
Charles had just built. The alteration cuts out the
personal note of Alcuin, and the addition cuts out
Charlemagne and points to another Charles, This
is far from being the only case in which confusion
is caused by the fact that Charlemagne was himself
for many years Charles the king; that his oldest
son was Charles the king; that Ms grandson was
Charles the king; as also two great grandsons,
a great great grandson, and even two generations
further still.

Others besides Aleuin and the royal family were
interested in the various versions of Scripture. For
example, his contemporary Theodulf, the learned
bishop of Orleans, sent to his own daughter Gisla
a psalter, radiant with silver and gold, with both,
the earlier and the later versions of Jerome.

Our use .of the word Graduate for the book con-