a * on eta * 5 ey ai? a ris ye a 7 ‘ 4 i. a 7 hd ; EX LIBRIS Tue Coorrer UNION r Museum Library t THE GIFT OF ; The Cooper Union Fund | ——— | i) ! oJ I! “at a? ~ — 2 \, ~* is aiid ; 7 “e ; ww 1 r a f - ’ \ “4 _ * > ae : 7 . - - “3 . z: a : . i - a a : . ; 4 : . i é ass _ - . ~ ‘ v : > » 33 ; : * . " — : : “< F ne Se ig ; ‘i + 7 rd d is . . s. r . - . : | ; , : ¢ dl . ; - f { * : ‘ A _ : = ’ : +e 7 4 . 2 b : - ' + 1 %, : ; } 7 : i 4 . ; i a : 3 “ ‘ f > + ) . *» bi ad 1 ' ‘ = | 9 ; : ’ a i. : — é ° : 7 " a ; _ oo «tT . pa ; . _ = ie i - . > : = —_ _ - os . - : : rer yy Aa Sr te Ss ©. ; =s.Q ‘MERIC A: BEING THE LATEST, ‘AND MOST ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF THE -NEVV VVORLD: ‘CONTAINING The Original of the Inhabitants, and the Re- markable V oyages thither. | SEMPIRES Mexico and Peru, AND OTHER LARGE PROVINCES and TERRITORIES, WITH THE SEVERAL. EUROPEAN, » PLANTATIONS InN Bini PAR TS. ‘Their Cities > Corcttiee. Towns. “Femples, Mountains , ‘atid Rivers. Their Habirs; Cuftoms, Manners, and Religions. | Their Planes. Beatts, Birds, and Serpents. Wi As A PPE ND BX, msdeaiapa, “battles feveral other OU hee Additions, a brief Survey of what hath been difcover'd of the : “Unknown South-Land and the eA ritick ‘R egion. Colleéted from aot Authentick alt, Augmonee with later Obiriasions, and ‘Adorn’d with Maps and Sculptures, by JOHN OGILBY Efq; His ie s Cfitiographer, Geographick Printer, and Mafter of the Revels’ in the Kangen of J ie ad AN D. be XD 0 Printed by the Author, and are to bi ‘ad at his Houfe in - zat hee bile M, AR Lexi: eS be , i ae - * Brabam Mellinus Abraham Mylius Adriaen vander Donk LE lian Albertus Magnus Aldrete LElius Lampridius Alexander Apbrodienfis Alexander ab Alexandre Alexander Guaginus Alonfo Garcia Alonfo de Ouagli Andreas Cefarienfis Angrin Fonas Antonio de Herrera Apuleius riftonicus Grammaticus Ariftotle Athanafius Kircher Auguftinus Auguftin de Tarcate. Auguftus Thuanus Ayton of Armenia Balthazar de Amizquita Barnaba Cabo Bartholomeo de las Cafas Benjamin Tudalenfis Cafpar Barleus Caftaldus Charles Rochfort Christopher Arciffeusks Cicero ‘ Claude de Abbeville Clemens Alexandrinus Conradus Gefner Cornelius Nepos Cornelius Witfleet Ctefias Curtius (jrianus David Ingran David Powel Diodorus Siculus A Catalogue of the Authors, which are either mention’d, or made ufe of in this Volume of “America. Dionyfius Halicarnaffeus Dirk Ruiters Dithmar Blefken Duarte Mendez Seraon Egydius Fletcher Emanuel de Moraex Erafmus Stella Erick. Roothaer Everhard Reid Eufebius Euthymius Zibagenus Feftus Avienus Francifc. Burmannus Francifc. Delapuente Francifc. de Gomara Franci{c. Lopes de Gomefa Francifc. Raphelingins. Francifc. Soarezx | Francifc. Tiralmonte Francifc. Xaverins Fullerus Galenus Garcilaffo de la Vega Genebrardus Gerardus Foannes Vofyins Guido de Brez Guilielm. Pifo Guilielm, Poftellus Harmannus Moded Henrick Haelbos Henrick Hawks Hernando de Leon Herodotus Hefychius Hier onim. Benzo Hieronim. Cardanus Homer Hugo Grotins Hugo Linfchot Jacob Bontius Jacob Planenfis Jacob Rabbi Inca Garcilaffo A 2 Joannes The Names of the Authors. ris hiyton ws. Gyfins ines Jobnftonus j an de Laet Joannes de Lede{ma Foannes Leonclavins Foannes Lery Foannes Mariana FJoannes Nieuwhof Joan. van de Sande jofeph. Acofta Fofeph. Anchieta Jofeph. Scaliger I/aacus Pontanus Ifaac: du Verne Ifidorus Mendes Sequera Julius Cefar | Julius Cafar Scaliger Laétantius Lauren. Ananias Lauren, Bikker Lauren. Guafcus Gerafcius Lauren. Keymis Levinus Lemmius Lieven Aizma Lopez Vaz, Lucan Lucretius Lodowick Leo Lyfander Manethon Per[a Marcus Zeno Martin del Barco Martin Perez, Matthens van den Broeke Matthiolus : Melchior Soiterus Mich. Lithower Michovius Miles Philips Mofes Nicolaus Zeno Olympiodorus Paulus Venetus Pedro de Ancieta Pedro Pizarro . Pedro Fernandez de Quir Pedro Maria Peter Martyr Pedro Ordonnes de Cevallos Peter van Gendt Philo Judeus Philippus Cluverius Philippus Mornaus Phylarchus Piere Moreau Pinedas Plato Pliny Plutarch . Pomponius Mela Proclus Procopius Quarterius Rabbi Simeon Robertus (omtaus Sam. Purchas Sebaftiaen Schroten Simplicius Saluft Sigi/mond Baro Strabo ~Theodofio Theopompus Thevet Tertullian | Trigaut V egetins Virgil Sie BE Si SESSSCee ae C O N T ENTS of the feveral CHAPTERS and SECTIONS. The firt Book: Merica anknown tothe Ancients Fol.1 Of the Original of the Americans, whence they came, when, how, and from what People Planted . oe Firft Difcoverers of America, with Chri- ftopher Colonus his Expedition 43 Pedro Alphonfo Nigno bis Voyage 56 The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon 58 The Expedition of Americus Vef{putius 60 - The Expedition of Alphonfo Fogeda, Diego Nicuefa, Ancifus, and Roderick Col: menares 65 Peter Arias his Expedition, and the remarke able Paffages of Vafcus Nunnez 69 The Expedition. of Francifco Fernandez, Lupo Caizedo, Chriftophero. Mo- rantes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan Githea 76 The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian, commonly call’'d Magellan 79 Ferdinando Cogtez his Voyage. 81 Diego Gottiereé his Expedition ‘92 The Expedition of Pedro Alvarado, Fran- cifco and Gonzalyo Pizarro,and Diego de Almagro 95 The Expeditions of John Stade and Nicho- las Durando Villegagnon 103 The Expedition of John Ribald, Renatus Laudonier, and Gurgie - 105 Four Englifh Expeditions, under the Command of otir famous Sea-(aptains, Martin Fore bifher, Siv Francis Drake; Thomas Candifly, and John Smith 108 A Netherland Expedition, by Jaques Mahu and Simon de Cordes 110 The Expedition of Oliver van Noord 113 The » Expedition of George van Spilber- en 115 The Ecpeditidl of Cornclifzoon Schouten and Jacob Le Maire 117 The Voyace of the Naffavian Fleet, under the Command of Jaques le Heremite and Hugo Schapenham 120 Henry Brewer his Voyage 122 The Second Book. NF the Bounds of America, and \of the New ay NO 139 Divifion of the Mexican, or Nor- | New Netherland, now call’d New York thern part thereof Fol. 12:5 168 Eftotiland - | 126 | A new Defcription of Mary-Land 183 Terra Laboratoris. 128 | Virginia ‘. 192 Canada, or New France 129 | The Relation of (Captain Smith’s being taken Accadia, or Nova Scotia 133 | Prifonerby Powhatan,and his deliverance Norumbegua - 138 by. bis Daughter Pocahonta. 202 Carolina THE CONTENTS. Carolina 205 Florida 213 Jucatan 222 Guatimala 224 Vera Paz . 227 Honduras . 229 Nicaragua 232 Coftarica 235 Veragua ibid. Guatimala, properly fo call’d ibid. The Kingdom of apa or New Spain 238 Mechoacan 261 Tlafcalla : 264 Guaxata 268 Panuco | 270 Tabafco 273 New Gallicia 281 Guadalajara 284 Xalifco | 285 Chiametla ibid. Couliacan 286 Cinoloa Loe Sa 288 Zacatecas | 289 New Bifcay 290 New Mexico 291 Cibola , Tontonteac, and Nova Gra- nada e 298 Quivira Ve 301 Terra Nova, or Newetoinnd Land, with the Ifland of Aflumption 304 The Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands 311 Hifpaniola ~ 314 Aftella Aurea, otherwife call’d Terra | Cufco Firma 394 | Los Charcas a * Panama 395 | Collao s Darien 399 | Chile New Andaluzia 400 | Chile, properly fo call’ St. Martha. / 403 | Magellanica Rio de la Hacha 405 | Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata : New Granada 406 Rio de la:Plata, properly fo call’d Granada 408; Tucuman Popayana 409 | La Crux de Sierra Peru | 412 Brafile | Quito 441) St. Vincent Los Quixos | 446 Rio de Janciro Lima ies 450 ‘De Spirito Santo The Third Book. Porto Rico, and Monico- Cuba - Jamaica The Iflands call’d The Lucaies The Caribbee-Iflands Anegada and Sombrero Las Virgines Anguilla Saba St. Crux St. Martin St. Bartholomew Barboude Rotonda Nevis Euftathius Antego Montferrat Guadalupe Defeado Marigalante Todos Sanétos De Aves Dominico Martinico St. Lucia Barbados St. Vincent Bekia Granada Tabago St. Chriftophers California ' 335 33% 471 472 473 475 476 ibid. 477 ibid. «49S 496 497 Porto i Los Ifleos Bahia de Todos los Sané&tos Pernambuco | Parayba Maragnan The Lordfhips Tamarica, Rio Grande, Siara, and Para 7 517 ~ A Relation of the Proceedings of the Nether- land Weft-India Company in Brafi le, to the Year 1658. 518 The Journey of Rodulphus Baron, with the 498 5ol 502 505 508 511 - Defcription of the (uftoms and = of | Venezuela the Tapuyans 595 Grave Maurice his Account of Brafile, i! far as it concern’d the Weft-India (om. THE CONTENTS. pany 600 The (ouncellor Duffen’s Relation of fo much of Brafile as concern’d the WefteIndia Company 601 A Defcription of thePalace Freyburgh, two Bridges, arid a Banquettingshoufe, all built by Grave Maurice 605 Guiana 607 A Relation of the Fourney of Francifco Orellana ibid. Paria, or New Andalufia 620 Cumana 621 624 The Iflands Margareta, Cubagua, and Coche 627 Of the Iflands of Southern America 628 In the Appendix. To de la Plata Fol. 631 | Chili » A View of th Chilefian Language Magellanica The Unknown South-Land 653 Terra Borealis, or The Arétick Re- gion 634 | 635 | A brief View of what Places are poffe sed at 649 | | Several Attempts for the difcovery of the North-Weft Paflage 672 this day in the Weft-Indies, by the Eng- lifh, Spaniards, French, Portuguele, and Dutch 674 =e ~“ Ae? va: Soe Se Se Se See ee \ el be Plorne found / s ° sss oe ee a - : —_— a =~ a — <== ar aeose eT EE \ Forts Sisens a I Madore & Canarizx Intule-& ome % ieee RY SAegidiaCancellario et, Subthelaurario Scaccy *_y Regjiuni,ex Doi oF ee Fy licizerarn Admiggge ha, ee, iy os — Ae! . CET Tear” yee BS DESCRIPTIO per , & JOHANEM QGILUIUM bea, PCofmberaphum By. Ps zs = — = ae ecium Res = -. 3 Y/ ag & f \- Z AMT if Peeie | (° {> e_ZXZ a Spats ~ 2 se = : - ao ao °: : RES a < ” = =~ AN | | | ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF PMERTCA. . | CO Ae Pol, - America, unknown to the eAntients. sy HE Sea, that takes feveral Denominations from the Defeription of she Ocean, \ Countreys which it wafheth, and furrounding the dry Land, cuts out, and fhapes fo many winding Bays, Creeks, and Meandring In-lets, feems no where fo much confin‘d and penn’d into fo narrow a Channel, as the Straights of Magellan: From whence again, foon expatiating , it {preads it felf into two immenfe, and almoft boundlefs Oceans, that which opens to the = North, gives terminaries*to the four Regions of the 7 | Earth ; that to the South, onely to Afia and America ; both which, indeed, ate | bit one continu’d Sea, extending it felf round the Univerfal Globe. itis 7 This watry part of the World, that almoft through all Ages lay Fallow, hath in thefe later times been Furrow’d by feveral Expert and Stout Captains, who _now by their Artand Induftry, have given a good Account of, and made clear | Difcoveries from Eaft to Weft, where-ever the Sun rifes or fets. en | The Northern Bounds under the \rtich-Zone, have been hitherto fo ob- | ftruéted with Ice, that the tndertakings of fuch as adventur’d either to find | by the North-Eaft or North-Weft-a Paflage to India, have been utterly | fruftrate. Of the Southern, no fuch pains hath as yet been taken in the Difcoz | very , fo that for the moft part itis yet unknown how far the Water, either : cers .deep or fhallow, over{preads the Earth, onely thus much Experience hath made : aa out, that the Antartick needs leffer Line to Fathom, than the Artick-Ocean. \ , ‘The antient Greeks ,Phenicians,and Romans, or whofoever that were Renown’d bore Ancients had lite | RE. | PY Knowledge in Navigation, by Antiquity, and Lifted in the number of their famous Navigators, were no i lefs Timerous than Ignorant concerning Maritim Affairs, and are not fit to | ftand in the leaft degree of competition with our later Voyagers. . ; | J Of i AMERICA. Chap.- I. Of old, by an inviolable Law, made by Cuftom, according to Plity, Vigetius and others, the Sea was lock’d up, from the eleventh of Odober, to.the tenth of ‘March, no Ships daring to venture forth, dreading fhort Nights, and foul Wea- ther, neither in Summer, did they fo much as once offer, unlefs driven by Storms, to attempt the Offin, or loofe fight of Land ; yet there is‘no queftion, Lee te vs but that feveral Nations in former Ages, made it their bufinefs, {pending their ‘ whole time, and wearying themfelves in the Practical Art of Navigation: The Sacred Scripture teftifies, That the Kings of fudea, Solomon, febofaphat, xias, and others, prepar’d feveral Fleets that Sail’d through remote Seas, freighting themfelves with Gold from Ophir , and other Rarities, which were Geograph, lib, 1. Imported to fupply and enrich the Holy-Land. And Strabo alfo tells us, That King Solomon being contemporary with Homer, then difcover’d India. And Pliny | relates, That the Romans, in the Reign of Auguftus, palling the Straights of Gibraltar, | Hh.xabbaspe and fleighting the Ne plus ultra, Coafted Spain, France, and Belgium,leaving not at the Promontory of the Cimbrians (now call’d Shager-Riff ) but alfo vencur’d in- to the Northern Ocean , which wafhes Norwey and Lapland: But long before this, as Atheneus relates, Phileas Taurominites, a Grecian Captain, and féyeral others pafs’'d the Herculean-Pillars, penetrating the Northern Seas as far as Brite og, Disima TouleSupposdby tain, and adventuring, made the firft Difcovery of-Thule: And to the South- Georgic. .. ward the African Coafts without Gibraltar, and beyond Atlas, were now and then explor’d by feveral expert Captains. But more remarkable is the Voyage The Voyage of Hannes Of FTanng a Carthaginian, who out-fail’d thefe , and infpeéted the Coafts of OfEuloxass Sable. Africa, as far as the Gorgades : And Eudoxus Cyzicenus, flying from King Lathyrus, fet Sail from the Arabian Gulph, and pasfing the Great-Cape, came to an Anchor at laft inthe Mouth of Gibraltar, having difcover’d all the Eaftern, Southern, and Weftern parts of Africa. PE ry Moreover, it deferves {pecial obfervation , That an antient Swedi/h King, as Cornelius Nepos relates, fent.as a Rarity and great Prefent to the Roman Conful mnaganse Verse ome Morellus Celer , fome Indians, who loofing their courfe, hatter’d up. and down. with perpetual Storms and ftrefs of Weather, were at laft driven into the Nor- thern Ocean, where they fuffer’d Shipwrack ; yet faving themfelves, Landed Of Menelous. Qn his Coaft: Ariftonicus Gramaticus relates, That Menelaus Sailing from the Sack of Tra, became fo great a Voyager, that leaving the Straights, he furrounded Africa, and difcovering India, after eight yeats re~meafuring the fame way he went, return’d with great Riches in fafety to his own Kingdom: Which is confentaneous to Homer, who faith, Ody/f. 1. 4. 2 | 1 | ( ' f . ° " | a ui ‘ Fy f 1 4 yt ” Manfions with Jove, his Seats Celeftial are: ASeurceros yup oign Sopot xot hing tacorsyas 3 ~ °° / oe 4 1 But with me any may, who eight years toft ASpiiy 3° Sven ais ot CexC elas ibs taeite ; pian Pag MeCualy 5 yep TAA reas HEL TOAA’ eon Ande! Through Worlds of Miferies from Coat to Coaft, a ae be F er seas me eh ts EV YNUCL XBEOYOOLTW ETE NAJoY “Mongit unknown Seas, of my Return {mall hope, cori 47 Patios ele Cyprus, Phenicia, Aigypt, (4) Athiope, Sidon, Erembos found, and Lybia, where Their Lambs are horn’d, their Bws teem thrice a year. Kuaeoy; poivin lus TE ged eiyua lies ETA NSELSS ’Aichomus & ing Lay Nort addvies Xowi epemeus Kei aiCulyy tye or’ eepveu aperp negro! wAsyory Tels yup aixleejumam TeAcugoesy es eviauloy, . (4) The Commentators on Homer have been very inguifitive to find out Menelaws Voyage into eAthiopia. Crates fappos’d that he pafs’d out at the Straisher? doubled the Southern Cape, and fo arriv’d thither. Erate/thenes conjectures, that in the time ot Homer the Straights Mouth was an iAhmus > and the Aeyptian Iithmys overflow’d by the Seay whch afforded hima fhorter paflage.. But that is moft probable which Strabo delivers, that he then wentto the borders of Ethiopia, when he pafs'd up Agypt tothe City of Ihebes ; the Borders of shiopia being not far diilant from thence in §#r4b0's time, probably very near it in Homer's, ~ _ ‘That re Chap. I. AMERICA. That “which the Grecian Geographers relate: concerning Ptolomy Euerzetes, King of Egypt , is not to be forgotten, That fending Pilots, Commifficn’d to*take the Soundings, and fettle the Land-marks im the Arabian Gulph, they found by chance a forfaken Veflel , onely in it one: Man: half dead , lying among feveral other breathlefs Bodies, of whom being refrefh’d with conve- nient Cordials, they enquir’d his Fortune , but ‘he being unable to give them any prefent fatisfaction, neither undetftanding what the other {aid , they fenc him to the Court, where foon having got.a{mattering of Greek, "he inform’d Euergetes, that he was a Native Indian, driven from. their courfe into the place where they found him by ftrefs of Weather,and thavhis company were famifh’d, all their Provifion {pent in theit, Wandrings fromtheir intended Voyage, Thus being kindly entertain’d, he alfo promis’d the King to open his Paflage(if fo he pleas’d) into India. The King flept not upon this Intelligence, but immediately prepar’d a Fleet Freighted with fuch Commodities'as were advis'd; with which fetting forth by che Conduct of this their Didian Pilot, they Anchor’d in their defir'd Port, and brought the King in return from thence a rich Cargo of Silk, Spices, coftly Drugs, and precious Gems. Cleopatra; about fixty years after, intending not to lofe the advantages reap’d by the former difcoveries, equipp’d another and: greater Navy ; which paffing through. the Red-Sea, found the Stern of a Ship, on which was Prefented a Horfe, whereby fome of the more knowing Sea-men judg’d, that it had been a Gibraltar Veffel, and Sailing about Africa, there by fad accident fuffer’d a Wrack. This Stern wasafterwards [ec up, and fix’d as a Memorial in the Market-place of Memphis. In thefe later times, the firft that endeayor’d to drive an Ewropean Trade in Africk , and held Commerce with India, was the State of Venice, who Sail’d from thence through the driatick, into the Mediterranean-Sea~: So Steering for Alexandria, where unlading their Goods, from thence they carry’d them over Land, and Shipping again in the Arabian Gulph, Sail’d direly for India. Thus by Land and Water, were exchang’d feveral Commodities, and the Indian Growth and rich Produéts of the Oriental World plentifully Tranf{ported to Venice, and from thence , all Burope had ample Accommo- dation, until an Aeyptian Sultan fuffer’d the Way to be infefted by Thieves and Murdering Robbers, that fo they were enfore’d to remove thence, and Difcharge their feveral Cargoes at Aleppo; from whence, on Mules and Camels, they carry’d their Goods to Babylon, fo to Balfarum, and then to Ormus, where they Re-fhip’d thence, direétly ftanding for India. Thus they enjoy’d the benefit of fo great a Trade and Commerce, until the Portuguefe found a Paflage by Sea, faving the Expence and trouble of carrying Goods {o tar-by Land to India ; Of which here we will a little inlarge. John, the frit King of Portugal, who took from the Moors, by force of Arms, Septa, an African Cityy having five Sons; Henry his fourth behav'd himfelf fo gallantly in the Leaguer of Septa, that after he became Matter of the place, this Prince made-many bold Excurfions in feyeral Parties againft the Ene- my, bringing in daily great {tore of Booty ; fo growing rich, he Rigg’d out two new Veflels to make faither Difcoveries along the Coaft of Africa. Yet " this his Expedition went on but flowly , being much taken off in Building there anew City , then call’d Tazanabala, and fince Villa Infantis ; but being Admonifh’d by a Dream, and Check’d for his laying thus afide his firft Dee fign of Navigation; he foon after, Anno 1410. fet forth the Ships that’he inten. ded, which he the more accelerated , being inform’d by fome of his Prifoners | B2 Natives, a Pl ’ Reniatrkible Voyages of an Indias ime Eps Of Prolemy into bndld, And alfo of Cleopatra; _ The Venetians wete the firit that drove a trade from Exrope ty the Eafts Indies, How they went their journeys, By what mearis the Pore tuguefé came firft to difeo~ ver the Coats of Africa arx} India, | ‘ ¢ AMERICA. Chap. I. Natives , that 4frica fpread from the Bafis of Mount-Atlas , very far towards ney Africa was ne far~ the South : This Mountain then was the Terminary-of Navigation that way, : becaufe: thereabouts-a long Ridge or Shelf of Sands thtuft its Poiht under Shallow Waters fo:far'out into the Ocean , that none durft yentute to Sail ine to the Offin, being out of fight of Land to.donble this conceal’d Cape. the offmn re inte The firft:that attempted to find. Deep Water, and get round about, dift covering feveral unknown Coafts, and Uninhabited Iflés belonging to that Region > were Fodiines Gonfalves, | Triftan Varfeuws, and 42 gidins Annius ; amongft which were the »Madera’s , and St. George de Picho, which Prince Henry firft Planted with Portuguefe , andothers fince with Netherlanders. He alfo obtain’d a Grant from Pope Martin the Fifth, of all: the difcover’d Territories Eaft-ward from the Canaries, forever to be the undoubred Right, and belonging to the Crown of Portugal. | | | After Henry’s Deceafe, Anno ‘1460. the bufinefs of Navigation and Difcove-: ries. of new Countreys, lay negleéted , becaufe King Alphon(o turmoyl’d ina Civil War , his Crown being at flake, had not leifure to think or look after uncertain improvements by Sea; yet at laft having quell’d his Enemies , he ventur'd forth fome Ships, who Sail’d as far'as the River Zenaga, and came to cody atom Genny wasdi- Anchor before the City of Genny, famous fince for Trade , Which gaye its des i nomination to the Countrey and Coafts of Guiny, where they dealing, Barter’d for Ivory, Gold, Slaves, and alfo got fo much footing into the Countrey, that they fuddenly rais'd up a Fort, and Man’d it with a ftrong Garrifon, Shipping their Slaves for Lisbon. ar OF Jobu the Second fucceeding his Father Alphonfo, had a great defign upon Ara- bia and India, and if poffible, was ambitious to open a Paflage from the delat tick, to the Oriental-Seas. But the difficulty lay in Steering fo often from fight of Land, venturing into the Main Ocean, obfttuated by fo many dangerous Shoals that lay fo far out into the Offin. At that time flourifh’d three famous Mathematician Khoderick,Jofeph,and Mare tin Bobemus , Pupils bred up by Joannes Monteregius ; with which the King» confulting, perfwaded, that they would by their Art invent fome Inftrument, that by Southern Conftellations, the Pole being deprefs’d, the Navigator might know where he was, and in what height ; fo gueffing what diftance they were from this or that Countrey ; they accordingly Club’d Learning, and by their great Study, found out what fince hath prov’d fo ufeful and beneficial to Sea- felistionsthe afoohbewes. men, the Aftrolabe ; which help having obtain’d, the Sailers encourag’d, more leg Aa frequently ventur’d into remote and unknown Seas. After thefe, King John of Portugal fent Jaques Cano with a Fleet, who,Sailing, found the River Zaires, where he ere&ed a Pillar with an Inf{cription, Latin _and Portugue/e fignifying by whom, and in what Kings Reigneliele African Coafts were difcover’d : Here he alfo met fome of the Nativés, who more ciyiliz’d than the reft , told him , That they hada mighty King, who Raigning over them, kept bis Court fome few days Journey up in the Countrey , to whom Cano lending his Agents, detain’d four Africans as Pledges, which he carry’d with their free confent to Portugal , promifing to bring them back in fifteen Months, who before that time having got fome {matterings of their Tongue, oghemarkable paige of inform’d them, that their Native Soyl was call’d Congo, whither returning by 22 ia the appointed time, they were according to their agreement, exchang’d for the Portuguefe,and Cano addrefs’d himfelf with rich Prefents to their King, whom he found fitting in their manner on an Ivory Throne, being from the middle up- ward Madera’s, by whom peo- pled. ~ : * Chap. [. . aAMERIC 2 ward Naked, his nether parts cover’d with long Silken Skirts, a Golden Arm Jet on his left Arm, athwart his Shoulders hung a Horles Tail, their Badge of Royal Dignity : Cano humbly laid the Prefents down at the Kin gs Feet, amongit which was a Gilded Flag, or Pennon with a Crofs, which Pope Innocent the Eighth had Confecrated with great Ceremony. After this , many of that Na- tion became Chriftians , and the King himfelf receiv’d Baptifms. But in fhort time, by the Inftigations of their Diabolical Priefts , and others, Chriftiani- ty loofing ground, grew out of countenance: Mean while, King John the Second vigoroufly Profecured the bufinefs of Difcovery, fending Jews and Chri- fiians by Land from Alexandria and other parts of Egypt to India,and from thence to explore the Coafts on the Eaftern fide of Africa, to the Great-Cape ; if fo a way might be found fit for Navigators, having doubled that Point, to Traffick with the Oriental parts of the World. After this Princes Death the Work lay ftill a-while, but in fhore time, King Emanuel his Succeflor frefhly undertook the bufinefs once more, fending Vafques de Gama with four Ships , who pafling through many Dangers with great Diffi- culties;Anchor’d at laft before Calecut,and was the firft of the Europeans that found a way to the Ea/t-Indies. MW | But (briftopher Columbus, five Years before Gama’s Expedition to the Eaft, had been employ’d in Wettern Difcoveries, which prov’d fo very fuccefsful, that he found no lefs thai another World: which foon after , from Americus Vefpu- tins, was call’d America: So that the Divifion of the World by the Antients, ( concerning which they had fo long err’d , and were utterly miftaken ) was now made manifeft by Experience, and undifputable Deinonftration; fot formerly the whole World was known by no other-names than Afia, Africa, and Europe, but now, thofe three are found to make but one Part of what ins circles the Univerfal Globe, becaufe in the South lies a fecond, known no furs ther than by its Coaftings and Superficial Margents ; the third part being the New-World, our America. ' Fy i Here it will not feem amifs , havitig prov’d that Africa was thore than Coafted by the Ancients; to ingage and fearch with fome {crutiny concerh- ing this. America; Firft, Whether at any time “twas known by the Anci- ents? And next, by what People, and when firft Inhabited > About the former, the Learned of thefe later times Jangle amongft themfelves , for fome of them will needs afcribe fo much Honor to Antiquity , declinirig the Worthy Praife of thofe that-made fe wonderful a Difcovery, as if they of old, - and'many Ages before, had done the fame, or at leaft, that this News World to them was not unknown, maintaining this their bold Affertion from the Au- thority of what they find, both in Ancient Greek, and Latin Authors : Firft, efpecially in the Learned Plato; who, as you know at large, defcribes a New Atlantis, lying beyond the Straights of Gibraltar, whofe Coat is furrounded with two valt Seas that.are Sow’d thick with {Catter’d Iflands: By thefe Seas they underftand the Atlantick and Southern-Sea, by the many Ifles, Cuba, Eispaniola, Jamaica, California, and others, which lie {prinkled along the Coafts of America. But it cannot be made out, that Plato defcribes ought but a Fancy , his own Idea, not a Countrey that ever was, is, or fhall be,though he fets it forth fo Acs curately, and with fuch Judgment,as if he had taken a Survey of the place, and found fuch a Land indeed. In like manner, Diodorus Siculus undertakes to prove, That America was known to the Antients; telling a Story , how the Phenicians were driven by a Storm from * 4 é pane ~ i aa ~~ AUCOVATY of Ont e, j ; Fol the Second. feels te ifcover India by water, Viafques de Gama his exe pedition, Chr: Popher Columbus’ s. Dividing uf the earth, . Ac querysif America was known to the Ancients, Atlantica, Plato in Crisis oS Tima, Died. Sie. lib. 6.’ " Arif de Mirandés in Na- tava audits, ZEmeid. lib. 64 AMERICAS @2--, Aha from the Coafts of Africa Weft-ward, falling at laft mpon a great and altoge- ther unknown Ifland, which our late Expofitors take for America, Muft it therefore be fo? Surely not, for it is onely a bare Story, without any Proof or the leaft Teftimony. They endeavor to make Ari/totle bolfter up their opinion that he had a knowledge of this New-World, which with no {mall pains they pump from thefe Words: “ Beyond the Herculean Pillars , certain (arthaginian ‘< Merchants penetrated the Atlantick Ocean fo far, chat at laft they found a. ‘cvaft, yet uh-inhabited Mland, producing nothing but Herbage, Plants, and “« Wild-Beafts, yet interlac’d with many Meandring Rivers, abounding with << feveral forts of Fifh, lying fome days Sail from the Continent; they Landing, “* found a Soyl fo fertile; and Air fo temperate, that there they fetled, and were « the firft Planters of that Ifle. But the Carthaginians having intelligence thereof, “ Prohibited all Perfons whatfoever, upon Pain of Death, to go thither, fear. ‘“‘ing the place being fo much commended , all the People would be ready “to flock thither, and defere their own, and fi utterly unfurnith and debili- “ cate their then growing Common- seat But how could the Carthaginians find America , without the ie of the Com- pals ? How happen’d it, that they were fo skied with the fertility of this their — New-found:Land, eee the Adjacent Countreys and Fields about Carthage are every where Flouriihing, and moft Luxurious ? So that it'may better be fup- pos'd, that what Ari/fotle found fo long fince, may rather be the Canary-Ifles, or GreateBrittain, than America. The Greeks having then alfo made fome Infpection into the Brittifh- -Ifles. They would alfo make you believe, that Virgil the Prince . of Latin Poets, had known the New-World i in n thefe Verles ; Aineid.lib. 6. There, there’s the Prince, oft promis’d us before, Hic vir, hic eft, tibi quem promitti fepius audis, Divine Auguftus Cafar, who once more Auguftus Cefar;divim genus, aurea condet Shall Golden Days bring to th Aufonian Land, Sxcula,qui rur{us Latio, regnata per arva Kingdoms that once old Saturn did command, And {hall Eis power to India extend, Beyond the Annual Circle, and beyond Saturno quondam, fuper & Garamantas & Indos — Proferet imperium. Jacet extra fidera tellus, The Sun’s long Progrefs, where great Atlas bears, Extra anni Solifque vias, ubi ccelifer Atlas Laden with Golden Stars, the glittering Sphears, Axem humero torquet ftellisardentibus aptum. America was not known tothe Ancients. ° But what of all this? Who finds in any of thefe Writings, any Marks of America, ot the leaft Defcription thereof? Though we cannot deny that the Antient Sages and Wile Philofophers of former times might éafily make out, and no queftion did,that the Earth and Sea made the perfec Figure ofa'Globe ; firft from the round Shadow of the Earth that Ecclipfes the Mooff; the diffe- rent Rifings and Settings of the Celeftial Luminaries, and’ the ftill Variati- on of the Bakes fo that the Earth and Sea makiae one Ball , they might eafily con ictute, that the South-fide of the Equinoétial might be Inhabited as well as the North: Buc all this was more grounded upon Natural Reafon and . Right Judgement, than any Experience of theits, or the leaft certain know- | Laflant. 1.3. cvag, ledge thereof, which fince thefe later times had the firft happinefs to obtain : {fo laying thefe Conjectures afide, there have been none more grofly erroneous, and {o utterly miftaken in this Point, than fome of the Ancients , and efpeci- ally the Fathers of the Church. Lattantius Firmianus, and St. Auftin, who ftrangely jear’d at as ridiculous, . and not thinking fit for a Serious Anfwer the Foolifh Opinion of Antipodes, or another Cian. tL ARR TC another Habitable World beyond the Equator: At which, Lafantins Drole ling, fays, What, Forfooth, here is a fine Opinion broach'd indeed ; an Antipodes! heigh-day ! People whofe Feet tread with ours; and walk Foot to Foot with us . their Heads downwards, and yet drop not into the Sky! There, yes, very likely, the Trees loaden with Fruit grow downwards, and it Rains, Hails, and Snows upwards ; the Roofs and Spires of Cities, tops of Mountains, point at the Sky beneath them, and the ‘Rivers revers'd topfi-turvy, ready to flow into the Air out of their Channels ! : But thefe feeming witty Obfervations of Laétantius , though they may ferve for a Jelt, yet are not grounded on any ferious Reafons. for the Earth and Sea ‘being Globular, making one Univerfal Ball, all Materials whatfoever that belong to this great Body, fink by a natural Propenfity towards its Center fo that where-ever we Travel , our Feet are downwards, and our Heads u p- wards, the Sky above, and the Earth beneath ; neither need they fear, that any where the Earth fhould Moulder and drop into the Clouds: But St. Auftin Reafons better , admitting that the Earth and Sea make a Univerfal Globe ; yet itno way follows, that inhabited Countreys fhould lye oppofite to our Northern, nay, altogether impofible , feeing that fide which is our Antipodes is all nothing but Sea ; and fhould we allow, thatthere were Landand Water mixt as ours is, who could prove, that they were Peopled ? or how could any get thither, over fuch Vaft and Immenfe Seas? or poffibly: pafs the extream heat of the Torrid Zone, not to be endur’d by any living Creature? And what then becomes of Sacred Scripture, which fays pofitively, That all Men were deriv'd from Adam, and after the Floud , from Noah and his three Sons? Therefore the Nations of the Antipodes muft be of another Abftra@, there being no pofli- bility (as they fuppos’d) of paffing from this World to that : But fince the Dif covery of the Eaft and We/}-Indies "Experience, the beft MiftrefS, hath taught, that in the South are mighty Lands and vaft Territories, and that as far as they have been Penetrated, are found to be full of People, extending their Domi- nions from Eaft to Weft. And though St. Aujtin deny’d this now well-known Truth, yet long before histime, (icero, Pliny, and others amongft the Greeks and Romans, divided the Earth under five Zones; which Virgil de{cribes thus : Lallant. error concerne ing our dntipodes. Asalfo St. Anfis, de Cis wit, Dei |,t6. Cig. Five Zones the heav'ns infold, hot Sun-beams beat Quinque tenent celum zonz:quarum una corufco Always on one, and burns with raging heat. ' Semper Sole rubens;& torrida femper ab Bo i ehh een pe ae DIET Quam circum extreme dextra,levaque trahuntur Muffled with Storms, fetter'd with cruel Ice. Cerulea glacie concretx, atque imbribus atris. Has inter, mediamque, duz mortalibus xgris “Twixt Cold and Edeat, two more there are,th’aboads \funere concefle divum : via feéta per ambas, Afsign’d poor Mortals byth: Immortal Gods. \ Obliquus qua fe fignorum verteret ordo. . With Virgil, Pliny, and the Prince of Latin Orators agree, who faith, “You fee, that thofe that inhabit the Earth dwell in Countreys fo feparated “one from another, that it is impoffible they fhould have any Commerce ; “ fome of them are our Antipodes, walking with their Heads downwards, fome “their Feet againft our fides, others, as we, with their Heads upright. You fee “how the fame Earth feems to be Swath’d about with Rolls; of which, two ** feparated by the other three, are at utmoft diftance one from the other, ly- “ing equi-diftant under the Vertick Points of Heaven, always cover’d with “Snow and Ice; but the middlemoft and greateft is {corch’d by the violent «¢ heats Macrob.in Somnio Scipios nis.1.2.¢.§. Vide Carpent, Geograph, Pliny lib, 2. _ Macrob, inSomno Scip. lib, 2. How beafts came on re- mote Lflands, And chiefly the wild. Aujfin is contradicted, How men came to new Countreys. Reafons why America Was fo long unkhown, Who frit fail’d on the Ceale Several opinions of the Antients concerning it, “AMERICA. | Chap. [. ‘heats of the Sun : Two Tracts are Habitable, one to the South , our Antipo- « des, the other North, which we Inhabit. : And Pliny alfovafirms, though againft the Vulgar Opinion, this truth, ¢* That the Earth is round about inhabited, and that people walk Foot to Foot *< in moft parts thereof; though every one be ready to ask why our Antipodes drop ‘ not into the Sky,; which queftion; our Antipodes may alfo ask concerning us. But although the Ancients upon thefe and the like Demonftrations well un» derftood, that there was a Habitable World towards the South under our Abo rizon, yet they could not make out or believe, that there was any poffibility to pa(s thither; And, according as St. Auflim conceiv'd , That the Earth produc’d: nothing under Sine Pole, by reafon of exceflive cold, and that the Equinoxs or Middle-Zone, was not to be penetrated, becaufe of the hfintferable heat. And Macrobius faith, “© That the Bquinoctial Circle, the Artick and Antartick Lines, ‘¢ bind the two Habitable Zones, and make Temperate by the exceflive Neigh- “ boring Heats and Colds; and thefe Countreys onely give Animation , — “ comfortable Enjoyment ‘to all Living Creatures. | Moreover, St. Au/tin in fome places feems to clear his own Doubts, faying, ‘“‘ That People, if they could find a means to Sail thofe Vaft and Undifcover’d “¢ Seas, might make Land, raifing new Stars under another Sky. 3 A Learned Father, fearching after the Original of all forts of Beafts which multiply by Generation, concludes, That they muft derive themfelves from thofe that were fav’d with Noah in the Ark. But how came they to the Ifles 2 To thofe adjacent and near the Main Land, they might ans Swim ; to the re- moter,they were Tranfported. But this Doubt is not altogether clear’d, for the Domeftick and other Creae tures fic for Humane ufe and Suftenance were thus brought thither; Yet how comes it to pafs, that Voracious and Wild Creatures are alfo found there, fuch as Wolves,Tigers,Lions,and other Beafts of Prey? This puzzle putting St: Au- ftinto a ftand,, he had no other means to get off, but by faying, that by God’s. Commands or Deaton! the Angels convey’dthem thither ; Iffo, why might not God pleafeto Plant Mert there in like manner, and the rather, the Earth bea ing created for Humane ufe ?, But what needed ahs’ when Men can in Ships Tranfport themfelves , either of their own accord for cutiows Inqueft, to find new Countreys, or elfe enforc’d by ftrefs of Weather, to far remoter, andalto- gether unknown Lands: Befides, though the Earth is here and there divided by large Bays and vaft Seas,. yet acvertaeled: in other places it is all continu’d Land, or at leaft parted by fome narrow In-let or Sea; fo that there wasno diffivishey for a crouded Plantation to go over, and fo eafe them({elyesiin an- other Countrey, till then not Inhabited , chevefre none need to.qtieftion, but that from Adam, or nearer, from Noah’s three Sons, Sem, Haman Japhet, thofe, as well as we, were extracted, that Inhabit this ourgother World. Bat one ueiions is to be obferv’d , How firft after the expiration of fo mas | ny Ages in thefe our later times, a NewsWorld was difcover’d, altogether unknown to the Antients , when they in the greatnefs of their Parts and Un- dertaking, Prowels and Prudence, were no ways inferior to the Modern, and | every way as fit for great Defigns a grand Exploits : 2 We need not (crue or make the leaft doubt, but the Sea hath been Navigated of old ; but the firft ats trempters fet forth unexperienc’d, in as pittiful and fil.gontriv d Veffels. The Heathens afcribe the Art of Navigation, firft to the Cretans, who under the Cons duct of Neptune , fer forth a Navy to explore Foraign Countries, But Pliny long — Chap. I. | AMERICA. long before gives the‘Invention of this Art to Erythra, King of Egypt, who upon Pieces of Timber, conjoyn’d and brac’d together, crept along the Shores, and ventur’d to Difcover the Iiles in the Red-Sea. But others give that honor to the Trojans, and Micians, when with a Fleet by Sea, they Invaded Thrace: Others, to the Britains, who made little Veffels of Leather, and were the firft that by this Invention found how to Float upon the Waters: Some plead, that the Samothracians were firft; Others, that Daneus before all, found a way by Sea from Egypt to Greece. But without all Contradi@ion, Noah’s Atk was the Pat- cern or Sample, that fucceeding Ages imitating, built their Ships by , and the more probable, becaufe his Offspring multiplying fo faft, that they were en- fore’d to inlarge their Colonies, by paffing Seas, and other broad Rivers, to fertle their Super-numeraries there. So Ja/on Invented a Ship, which he call’d Argos, which Sefoftris King of Egypt took.as his Pattern. Next, the Biremis, a Galley with double Banks of Oars, was made by the Arythreans ; with treble Banks , by che Corinthian Amocles ; the addition of the Quadruple, the Carthaginians boaft ; of the Quinqueremis Nefichthon, Alexander the Great , brought them to twelve Banks ; Ptolomy Soter, to fifteen ; Demetrius, Antigonus Son, doubled them to thirty ; Ptolomy Philadelpbus, to for- ty; and laft of all, Philopater rais’'d them to fifty Banks of Oars. Hlippus a Tiri- an, was the firft that fet Ships upon the Stocks ; the Rhodians a Ketch, and the Batavians a Boat, the Copes made the firft Oar; Dedalus the Maft and Boltfprit, Pifcus the Beak; the Tyrrheans the Anchor ; Tiphys the Rudder ; taking exam- ple from the motion of a Kites Stern ; Icarus found Sails, fancy’d by the Poets for Wings,though fome a{cribe that honor to his Father Dedalus. Minos was the firft that Ingag’d in a Sea-Fight, whereby we may eafily con- jecture, that of old none adventur’d far into the Offin, or to remote Countreys, not daring to truft their fo fleight contriv’d Veffels. But thefe later times have ftrangely and fuddenly improv’d this growing Art of Navigation, yet pitch’d not to that height at firft, as boldly to adventure, and loofe fight of Land. The Tyrians firft underftood how to Steer their Courfe by the North-Star, and ‘when dark and foul Weather had Clouded the Sky , that they could nei- ther fee Heaven or Earth, but onely Sea, they directed their Courfe by the Wind ; and if they doubted the change thereof, they let fome Birds flie, whom they follow’d, fuppofing that they ftood diredtly to the neareft Land. | But thefe are but poor helps, and blind Guides to fhew you Land from the middle of the boundlefs Ocean. It is certain, that the Romans in the time of Julius Ce/ar and Auguftus, ftretch’d the Bounds of that Empire Eaftward to Euphrates , the Rhyne, and the Danube, and Weftward to the Ocean'and Mount Atlas , Sailing up and.down the Mediterranean, with great Fleets, which ftoutly endut’d the vio- lence both of Waves and Weather; but all this made them not fo hardy, as once to think or look aftemmew Worlds. But after the Roman. power decreas’d, by feveral Eruptions of the Goths, Vandals, Huns, Normans, Lumbards, and other Northern Countreys, which fwarm’d with People, that overflow’d all places like a Deluge, fo that Europe was every where puzzel’d and Imbroyl’d ; their whole bufinefs confifting in conjoyming Forces to withftand fuch bold Invaders, and fo vexatious an Enemy. _ And farther Eaft, fia was at the fame time little better, ftill trembling at the daily Alarms and Incurfions of the Scythians, Perfians, and Saracens ; and afterwards the Turks growing upon them more than any of the former, expect- ed no other than a fad Cataftrophe, fo that the known World had too much C : work Brittains amongft the firft Inventors of Naviga- tion, The firft Inventers of fe- veral things belonging to Shipping, Why in former Ages no remote Countreys were dif- cover’d, The manner of the Anti- ents Sailing, _ q Of the Romanus; Why America was fo late= ly known, uw MERTCA - — \ Chapin work cut out for them by thefe Diftractions and Alterations of Government, then to go in Queft of uncertainties, to find they know not where, another. Hieron, i coas Eplaf. Here alfo is added by St. Jerom, what an antient Writer faith, Great care hath : been taken in Computing the Age of this World, and if there be another which Commenc’d not With ours, (as Clemens mentions in his Epiftles) where are fcituate thofe Seas and ‘Lands that make that fecond World ? Or is it a part of that, in which Adam was Created 2 Or may it not rather Metaphsrically be taken for Worldly Affairs, govern’d by the Prince of | the Air, ruling in the Hearts of the Children of Difobedience __The Antiens opinion of Butt Pliny, Ciceros and Virgil, the beft in their kind of Latin Writers, concur, puma That there may be a habitable World under our Alrizon, in the temperate Southern Zone, beyond the extream heat, and on this fide of the Antartick colds. , But what fignifies all this to the Difcovery of America, which lies not onely under the {corching Heats of the Equinox , but under the Frofts and Snows of In Comment.fuper Obad. the Artick and Antartick-Poles ? Yet lefs probable is that which Lodowick Leo, an V- 195205 21 and they of the fons Liat! Auguftine Friex takes out of Obadiah ; as if chat Prophet in the three laft Verfes of poffels the mount of Elau,an shay of the plains tle Dati- his Prophecy fhould {peak of the Spaniards, which fhould not onely difcover and ftines: and they /ball poffe[s fall oe oe aet ben, CONquer America, but alfo Convert the Inhabitants to the Chri/tian Faith, becaufe fields of Samarias 4nd Ben- b) jamin foal! pofffi Gilead. chofe that are in Sepharad, fhould Inherit and Poffefs the Cities of the South And the captivity ef thts hoft > of the ciléven of Uirael foal And Sayiours {hall arife from the Mountains of Zion, to judge the Monat and Wealth poffe/s that of the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath, and 0 Efau. the caytivity of Jerufalem, mii in Sephardi’ ~—- But certainly, Obadiah meant no other than the Reftauration of the Jews from poffe(s the Cities of the fouth, A Aud Jaciors hall come upon the Captivity of Babylon, who after their return, fhould grow more powerful mount Zion, to judge the nae perp than ever, and they, led by their Me/Sias, obtain the*height of all felicity, who ul Tada lat would fend his Evangelifts and Apo/tles to declare Salvation to the utmoft Bore ders of the Earth. It is true, that the Rabins Expound Sepharad to be Spain, and therefore he concludes, that Obadiah Prophefi'd of the Spaniard, and their’ Con- quefts in America, fo they would prove , that America was long known before. Chrift. And laftly, It fignifies as little what Pineda and Levinus Lemnius drive at, co salomon’'s Flee: ailduot That Solomon firft finding the ufe of the Compafs, Rigg’d a Navy at Ezion=Ge- ber, which from the Red-Sea had no indireé& Courfe to the Straights of Magellan from whence he might Lade his Veflels with the Gold of Peru. In whofe De- {cription it fhall be manifefted , that Pern is not Ophir, as fome without atry fhew of Reafon or Truth would make us believe. Be army dif not find the Burt as concerning King Solomon's finding out the ufe’ of the Magnet, ir is foon faid, but not eafily prov’d, forthough that Prince exceeded all Man-kind in Wifdom and Learning, and was perfect in the Operations , and knew the Occulteft Secrets of Nature, underftanding what e’re belong’d to Plants, from the Cedar of Libanus,to Hyfop,and the meaneft Shrub that grows upon the Wall, yet it nothing makes out, that he knew the Myfteryof the Navigable ufe of the Load«Stone : But {uppofe he did know, there‘is no where any mention of it; and if this excellent thing, the Compafs, had been fotind in Solomon's time, how . came it afterwards fo utterly to be loft ? | -* sai Albertus Magnus miftakes , when he afcribes the knowledge of the Compafs to Ariftotle, of which he himfelf makes not the leaft mention, neither Galen, Alex- ander Apbrodifienfis., Pliny, Lucretius, nor any of the Roman, Greek, Arabian, ot foi era, bY WHOM Other Countrey Writers whatfoever. Some give the honor thereof to an In- Te dian, others to a Shepherd in Mount Ida, whofe Clouted Shooes being full of Hob-Nails, the Iron fticking faft to the Stones on which he ftood, ftopr his motion, Chap. If. AME KI C A. motion. And although the Antients found out many Setrets of Nature, amongft which this of the Load-Stone; Attracting Iron, as being its proper Food, and the three forts of the Magnet, of which fome will not draw Steel, found by Theamedes a Greek Author, and other fince, well known Properties : Yer they never attain’d that knowledge, that the Load-Stone would eale Pain , and ftop the effufion of Blood, though the edge piercing the Skin, opeh’d the Vein : as Fheronimus Cardanus experienc’d on himfelf and others, which he had from Las- rentius Guafcus, a great Chyrurgeon. Much lefs, that the Needle of the Compafs being touch’d by the Load-Stone on the Month add of the Equinox, refpeéts the North; but deprefing the “tick, and raifing the Antartick Pole; it looks as fted- faftly towards the South: But far lefs dreamer they of its fever! variations, according to the Coafts thae are neareft; as when you come from the Ifland del Cuervo, the Point varies more Weft; but Sailing towards the Equinox, it varies Eaftward; by which we may abfolutely conclude, that without this ufe of the Load-Stone, firft found by Flavius Melvins a Neapolitan, in the Year 1303. it was al- together impofiible to reach America. So that Jofeph de Acofta miftakes, who gives the honor of the finding fo great a benefit to Navigation, to fome Mabu- metan Seaemen which Vafques de Gama met with near Mofambique, who had Sail’d thofe Seas by the ufe thereof; whereas Gama’s Expedition was above a huns dred years after Melfius , phe liv’d in fuch a juncture of time for Mathema- tical Learning, that few Ages boafted the like: For then flourifh’d in England, and ‘were Contemporaries, befides others abroad, Richard Wallingford, Nicolas de Lynna, Jobn Halifax, Walter Britte, John Duns, anid Jobn de Lignarys , all eminenc in Aftronomical Arts, belonging to Navigation, and doubtlefs, no {mall helps to Melfius in this his happy Invention. Laftly, We will relate what hath been heldasa {eeming Teftimony, (that ‘America was known to the Europeans before the Birth of our Saviour) by an an- tique Meddal of the Emperor Augu/tus, digg’d out of the Ground in Pern; and fent to his Holinefs at Rome, which may well be reckon’d ‘with she like Cheat contriv’d by Hermicus Cajadus, Anno 1505. near Syntra, a Town in Portu- gal, where three Marbles Ingraven with antient Characters, concerning a Pro- phecy of difcovering the Ea/t«Indies by the Portuguefe, in the Reign of King Ema- nuel, were privately bury’d under Ground, and not long after, by a pretended accident digg’d out, which made fuch a buftle amongft the Learned, that fe- veral tired themfelves about the explanation of the fuppos’d Sibylline Pre- diction. RELRRARGEE ELLE ELEC CREE ELE REECE RGA GAS ieee C HA: P. Fi. oF the Original of the Americans , whence they came ; when, how, and from what People Planted. Bout sh Original of the Americans , the Learned Difpute fo much, that A they find nothing more difficult in Story, than to clear that Point; for whether inquiry be made after the time; when the Ameri- cans firft fettled themfelves where they now inhabit, or after what manner they came thither, either by Shipping or by Land; on ‘purpofe, or accidental. ly; driven by Storm, or elfe forc’d by a more powerful People, to remove Gi from Strange operations of the Loaditone. De fubtilitate l, 7. Variance of the Com- pals. Genebrad. Chron. When, and by whom the ompafs was found, The original of the Avie ricaws much difputed on. Voyage I. 1, ¢. 8 The time when America was firft Peopled. The condition of the firft World after the Floud, América was Peupled ma= ny Ages ago, Parchas contradicted. AMERICA. Chap. Il: from their old Plantations, and feek for new? or if any one fhould be yer more curious, asking the way that direéted them out of another Countrey to this New World : 2 or elfe enquire for thofe People, from whom the Americans deriv’d themfelves? He will find feveral Opinions , and the Learned fill Jangling. Psy The firft Doubt is concerning the time: Mr. Purchas, where-ever he had the Hint, endeavors to prove; that America hath been but lately Planted; for which he thus argues, ‘That if Afia, or Burope furnifh’d America with People in Abra- “ bam’s time, or at leaft before the Birth of our Saviour ; then it muft upon “ neceflity, by the Expiration of fo many Ages, have beenrnmipllmare Popu-- ‘¢ fous, then the Spaniards found when firft they difcover'd it. Befides, the vaft as Teritories yet unhabited (fays he) are fufhcient teftimonies, that this New ‘¢ World hath been Planted but featteringly, and not many Ages fince; elfe “ the’ Countrey would have more abounded with Inhabitants, becaufe the fere “« tility of the Soyl was able plentifully to maintain Millions more, then were “ there when firft difcover’'d : And what Marksare betterto know’'a new Peos “ ple by, in any Countrey, thana rude Life and unfettled Government? juft ‘like a Family removing to another Houfe,which takes no fhort time to fettle ‘‘ their Goods arid Houfhold-ftuff in a handfome and convenient Order. ‘© When Noah went out of the Ark on Mount Ararat, and not long after, faw “his Seed {pread over Armenia and Affyria, the new Generation of People con- “ fifted.in Shepherds and Husbandmen , that fetled themfelves near Lakes and “‘ Rivers. Villages, Cities (and much lefs) whole Kingdoms,were {carce found «on the Face of the Earth,and as little of Trade or Commerce, Riches, Divifion “ of Lands,coftly Garments and Furniture for Houfes,were not then in ufe,but “the works of long fettlements in happy Peace. To curb growing-Wickednefs, ‘Cand the Pride of Libertines, who incroach’d upon their weaker Neighbors, “Laws were invented , by which Bridle, the unbroke or wild World grew “camer: And firft, the Affyrians were brought to endure the Bit,and anfwer the “ Reins of Government ; then Egypt, next Greece, and after that the Romans, who ‘« fpreading their Power by Arms and Martial Difcipline , firft civiliz’d the “¢ Gauls, Spain, Brittain, and laftly Germany. “Bat becaufe a Countrey or Paftoral Life,knowing no Cumaeene but mean “ Hovels, and to dwell in Huts, priding in poor and no Habits , defpifing all ce picauticly, unlimited by Laws, and all things elfe, (which the People obferv’d ** prefently after the Flood) is now found among the Americans , who will take “them for ought elfe, but new Comets to that Land, as themfelves acknows “ledge? For the Mexicans boaft, that they are the eldeft there, and thatfrom “them, Peru, Chili, Chika, and other Countreys towards the Southy had their “Colonies, and yet the oldeft Chronicles of Mexico reckon not above a thou- <¢ fand Years. "Thus far Mr. Purchas. But certainly , all this Mufter of appearing Reafons , is not able to yan quifh fingle Truth; For, grant that America was not very Populous when the Spaniards firft iysived there, muft this needs prove, that it was never well in- habited before? Perhaps ci Civil Wars, whiclx have been always deftruaive to this Nation, have much hindred the incall of People; and the more, be- eaufe their salvage Nature is fuch, that in feveral places they account Man’ s Flefh Broil’d'a very great Dainty. And fuppole fuch Prodigal Excefs of their Humane Bankets were not us’d in America, as indeed they are, Is it wonder, that fuch a great part of the World, not onely exceeding maeaye in bignels, bake Afia al fo: Chap. IT. AMERICA. alfo fhould here and there have a Trad of Land uninhabited ?, Thefe might, by reafon of their Barrennefs, be ufelefs, as many fuch places are found in the midft of the moft Populous and fertile Countreys. But above all this, it is cer- cain, that America to this day (notwithftanding almoft innumerable thoufands of Indians formerly Slain and Maflacred by the Spaniards) is fo well in- habited, that it may ftand in Competition with either Afia or Europe. And how could fuch yaft multitudes Plant the far-{preading Countrey of. America, without the help of many Ages? Moreover, This truth is not without fu ffici- ent Teftimonies , when any one looks on the Iflands with which America lies incompafs’d, he may fuppofe they did not willingly go from the Main Con- tinent to the Ifles, but were driven thither by Wars among themfelves, or as moft times it happens, becaufe of the vaft.increafe of the Natives , the Coun- trey muft difcharge its burden, | ee» Hereto is added , the feveral Languages us’d in America, as in Europe ox any other part of the known World ; whereby we may eafily guefs, that America was Peopled prefently after the Confufion of Tongues-at Babel. Furthermore, If the Aniericans live a Rude Life,go meanly Habited,be without ftately Houfes; fuch Cuftoms are even among us obferv’d by Several People; as the Tartars, Numidians, and others, which made their Antiquity be call’d in queftion. He alfo muft needs have no knowledge of the Arts and Mechanick Sciences usd by. the Americans, who concludes, that they fetled but lately in America. One Ar- sument at prefent will be fufficient to contradiét them all, and in the further Defcription, the contrary will be more manifeft. Hieronimus Benfo relates, That he ftood amaz’d at the Gold and Silver Smiths in the Territory of Chito, who without any Iron Tools, made Images, and all manner-of Vellels : Which work they perform’d thus, Firft, they made an Oval Crucible of a good Lock , round about Pafted with Earth , embody’d with the Powder of Wood Coals; which Crucible being Bak’d very hard in the Sun, they fill with Pieces of Gold or Silver, and put inthe Fire, about which ftanding with five,fix,or more Pipes made of Canes,they blow the Fire fo long, till the Mettal melts, which others fitting on the ground, run it into Moulds of black Stone , and fo with little trouble ; Caft into what fhape they pleafe. Laftly, Though Mexico can reckon but a thoufand years, muft it therefore fol- low , that the Inhabicants are no older? How many famous places ( even among our felves) have no longer Regifters, and if chey have,they are common ly Fabulous, few Nations boafting truly their own Original; which Argu- ment, not onely contradicts (as we fuppofe) Mr. Purchas, but all others afcri- bing the Plantation of America to our later times. : : Secr I qj Is the next place, let us efquire, how the Americans were tran{mitted thi- t ther, whether by Sea, or Land? Both which are feafible two feveral ways; if they made an Expedition thither, as Difcoverers, or were driven on thofe Coafts by ftrefs of Weather. The firft is moft unlikely , and not feeming poflible, for how could they Steer thorow fo vaftan Ocean, to Countreys they never heard of, without the Compa{s, and other Neceflaries for fuch a Voyage ¢ for when firft diftover'd, their want of experience in Shipping for fo longa Voyage; knowing no fur- ther than the ufe of {mall Boats or Canous, plainly explode, that they willingly | | Steer’d American Gold-Smiths, After what manner the Inhabitants of America came thither. Plin lg, ¢. 224 Stranze voyage of a Ro- man Slave, The Perxvians opinion concerning antient Sea- Voyages. AMER, ICA. Chap. II. Pera ee , 3 > Ee — —_ a ares ee aes - : TET Reeve Fue Steerd froma known World, to an unknown, with no better accommodati- on; but fome probable reafons may be made out, to induce us to believe, that they were rather driven thither by Storm. But fome will fay, How liv’d the little Boats, and how indur’d they in fuch a continual Tempeft, and were not either fwallow’d up amidft the Waves, or ftarv’d for want of Provifion, which their hollow Troughs could not con- tain ? The firft doubt is the leaft, for there are Examples enough by which appear, that oftentimes great Ships Bulging,are over-fet or funk in the Sea by foul Wea. ther when the Mariners efcape in their Cock-Boat; and if they were but thin- ly Victual’d for fo long a Voyage, queftionlefs, that little which they had, they {pun out, and made it laft, while the impetuous Storm fhortned the paflage, which fair Weather would have made much longer. , Pliny tells us of Annius Plocquius, General of the Red-Sea, That one of his Slaves being Enfranchiz’d , Sailing down towards the Arabian Gulf, was cat- ty'd by a violent Tempeft fromthe North, beyond (aramania , and on the fif- teenth day came toan Anchor in Hlippuros, a Haven of Laprobane, which Ortelius judges to be Sumatra ; but Mercator and Cluverius, on better grounds, Zeylon, which is no lefs than three thoufand Englifh Miles. = In like manner, Fofeph de Acofta tells us, That in fifteen days time, he got with a Northerly Wind from the (anaries to America, and his Voyage had been fhorter, durft he have born more Sails, which may partly clear the former doubts, = | Moreover, the Peruvians themfelves give fome {mall Teftimony (in their an- tient Records) of a few that Landed of old upon their Coafts, which were (as they fay) mighty and cruel Giants, committing much Bloodfhed, Slaughtering the Natives every where; and having fubdu’d the whole Countrey, built ftately Edifices, of which remain yet the Ruines of fome Foundations, very Artificial and Coftly. They alfo fhew near Manta, and Puerto Viejo, many huge Bones (as | | | they Chap. Ik AMERICA. Me they believe of Giants, three times Jonger and thicker thanan ordinary Mans. They alfo tellus, that many Ages fince, one Ica and Arica Sail’d Weftward thi- - ther upon Sea Wolves Skins, blown up like Bladders : But however, withouc . 4%" MiPo: aha contradiftion., the Americans never knew, much lefs built any fuch Velffels, with which they durft venture to the Offm, out of fight of Land: their Balfas, Periagos and €anoos, will not all amount to the Bulk of one of our {mall Barques; wherefore the Inhabitants of Tumbez, when they defcry’d the Spanifh Fleet, 4ént to difcover Peru, were amaz’d at the high Mafts, {preading Sails, and bigne(s of the Ships, judging them firft to be Rocks, caft up out of the Sea; ‘but ob- ferving them to approach their Coaft, and that they were full of Bearded-Men, fa a er thought the Gods were walking in them ; by our Modern Poet, Mr. Dryden in his Indian Emperor; thus Elegantly deferib’d. Guyomar to Montezuma. ° T went in order, Sir, to your Contmand, Wings on their fides, in ftead of Leaves did grow, To view the atmoft Limits of the Late Es Which gather'd all the Breath the Winds could blow : To. fee that Shore, where no more World is found; But Foamy Billows, breaking on the ground ; Where, for a while, my Eyes no Object met, And at their Roots grew floating ‘Palaces, Whofe-out-blow’n Bellies cut the yielding Seas. But diftant Skies, that in the Ocean fet: Mont: What Divine Monfters, 0 ye Gods, were thefe, And low-bung Clouds that dipt them/elves in ‘Rain That float in Air, and fly upon the Seas To fhake their Fleeces onthe Earth again. Came they alive or dead upon the Shore : At laft, as far as I could caft my Eyes Guy. Alas, they liv'd too fure, I heard them roar. | Upon the Sea, fomewhat, methought did rife All turn’d their fides, and to each other poke, Like Bluifh Mi/ts , which flill appearing more, I [aw their Words break out ie Parecand Sake: Took dreadful Shapes, and mov'd towards the Shore. Mont. What Forms did thefe new Wonders reprefent ¢ Guy. More jfirange than what your Wonder can invent. 7 pr The Objeét I could firft diftinctly view, Deaf with the noife, I tvok my hafty Flight, Was tall firaight Trees, which on the Waters flew ; No Mortal Courage can fupport the Fright. Sure, tis their Voice that Thunders from on high, Or thefe, the younger Brothers of the Skie. But the refolving thefe Doubts, (tarts 2 harder Queftion, viz: Grant that the Americans were by Tempeft driven thither, How then came the Beafts thither ¢ It is certain, that thofe which are beneficial for humane ule, as Dogs for to Hunt, great Cateel, Sheep, for Food, and other Neceflaries, might eafily be car- 5 -¥y’d thither, for fo the Spaniards brought Cows, Horfes, Swine, and other Cat- Re oveabah = nine tel ; and alfo Poultery from Spain, to the new-difcoverd Ifles, Cuba, Hispaniola, 7 ii Jamaica, Margaretta, and La Dominica, when at their arrival, formerly no fours footed Beafts were found there, whole fertile Soyl hath fo multiply’d their | increafe, that the Dog®seunning Wilde, and breeding as faft, do great hurt to the Grazing Herds, which they onely fhoot for their Skins, leaving their Fleth, the beft of Meats, oncly to Manure the Ground’ on which they lie. The Tran {porting of tame and profitable Cartel might eafily be allow’d of, but who would load their Ships with Lions, Tygers, Bears, Wolves, Foxes,and other Serpents and Voracious Beafts? it is certain that fome may be tam’d before they were Ship’d. How wild Beafts « Lampridius relates, That Heliogabalus the Roman Emperor, took great pleafure in naka alee Hi. in Domeftick Lions, and Leopards, to frighten his Guelts withal, for with +" lash’ the third Courfe, they were all brought in, and fate-betwixt the Invited , 2 Man ie by and 16 AMERIT A. Chap. II: Lib. 2. cap: 79% and a Beaft. The great (ham, as Paulus Venetus an Eye-witnels attefts, Rides on Strange Hunring- _Hunting, attended in couples with tame Leopards. The King of Camboja in like manner is ferv’d with Panthers: Scalizer adds alfo, That they went not unpro- vided of a. Lamb or Goat, to give the Panther , left falling into his natural fe. rocity, provok’d by hunger, he fhould make the Huntfmen his Quarry, ifhe had no other Prey. But notwithftanding fome wilde Beafts feem to forget their Voracious Nature, yet there ought great care to be taken in the Trant- porting of them, becaufe they oftentimes grow wild again , which France can rarrange accident of two witnefs, where two Leopards, a Male and a Female being tam’d , prefently ) after the death of King Francis, whether negligently or on purpofe, let loofe, ran into the Woods, and near Orleans devour’d a great number of People, and Cattel : Ge/ner faith, That fome Womens bodies were found, who were un- touch’d, onely their Breafts eaten by the Leopards, as if they took them for the daintieft part; which is not unlike the antient Jeres, who according to Saint Fierom , entertain’d their Guefts as a moft delicious Dith, ‘with Womens Breafts, and Mens Buttocks Roafted. Befides, the devouring nature of thefe Wilde Beafts, what profit could Tygers, Lions, Wolves, Bears, and the like advantage the Tran{porter ? And how came Serpents, Adders, and other Re- ptiles, thither over the Ocean, that with no Art whatfoever can be made tame ? Were the {mall Veffels juft laden with fuch terrible Creatures, when againft their wills, they were by Storm driven on a new Coaft? By thefe im- pofibilities we may eafily judge, that the Americans came thither by Land, and no other way, but how, and upon what occafion muft be our next’ enquiry. : : Adv, Jovin. ]. 2 SecT. “Lh . ‘ Two reafons wherefore @ H Iftories generally gives us onely two accounts, Why People remov’d the people remove from their Countreys, from one Countrey to another, either not, or thinly inhabited, whe- ther driven by force, or of their own accord, fo tounbuithen and give eafe to theit too Plethorick Countreys. Thus the banifh’d Japanners forfook their Native Countrey, and fetled them. felves in a defolate Soyl, fince a flourifhing Empire, fhining with Riches, and Crown’d with ftately Cities: So the Batavians took pofleffion of the uninhabi- ted Ifle, lying between the Rhyne, and the Wael, being driven out of Eleffen by Civil-Wars , and preferv’d the memory of the place, from whence they had their Original on the urmoft Point of the Ifland , inthe Villages of Cattenwyck' for the Heffens formerly went by the name of Catti ; others that remov’d did not onely fall upon their Neighbors, but made a way by force of Armsy'tho- fing their Habitations under a temperate Climate, and ima fruitfullSoyl. Af ter which manner the Franks enter’d Gaul, and afterwards the Dermans fer upon France; {fo that the Conquer’d Countreys, have ever finéé from the Conqgue- rors been call’d France and Normandy: But although it cannot punctually be faid, how the Inhabitants of America remov'd . yet it is without contradi@ion, > by he poet acknowledg'd that they firft found an empty Countrey. The Opinions which they have Heathens but myfteriowly. themfelves concerning it, are full of idle Fancies ; Firft, they queftion their Original from the Floud, which is fo well rooted in the memory of all Nati- ons, that the blindeft and moft ignorant know fomething of ‘ic, though de- formedly alter’d and vatyd, tack’d up with additional fabulous Stories, the truth it {elf known onely to us, but to all others loft in Oblivion, Who Chap. II. “AMERICA. Who hath not heard of Deucalion’s Flood, how his Wife Pjrrba and he only efcap’d in a little Boat, and (as “tis Fabl’d) landing on a Monntain, from thence Peopled the World again, by throwing Stones backwards over their Heads? Something of this feems to hint the true Story of Noah, his Wife; and Children, from whom the defolated World was replenifhed, The fame they relate of Prometheus, concerning whom, thus Diodorus Sicu- lus : ** They fay that the Nyle breaking through his Dams, and over-flowing ‘his Banks, drown'd all Eyypt, efpecially that part where Prometheus Rul'd, “< where allthe Inhabitants were {wallow’d by the Deluge. None can ima- gine but that Diodorus by this makes mention of a particular Flood,and not the general one in Noah’s time; for as the Greeks afcrib’d all things to their Heroes, fo the Egyptians in like manner did the fame to theirs : Therefore they have of the general Flood,made a particular one in Egypt,though perhaps itnever was : So that what is Fabled of Prometheus, is nothing but a Part of the Univerfal Deluge ; which the Name Prometheus proves, becaule it fignifies, Sprung from Heaven,and is the fame with Noah, whom they hold to be the firft Father of all Mankind fince the Flood,born of, or regenerated from his Wife dfia; and Afia fignifies Earth, or The Mother of all things; and fo efpoufing Noab, being {prung from God, to Ararat, from whence defcended the Generations of Mankind, and by degrees {pread over the whole furface of the Earth. Fhe Chinefes, Baft-Indians, Japanners, and other People of Afia and Africa, have alfo fome knowledge of a very ancient Flood; but hood-wink’t under many idle Fancies, not unlike that which the Americans relate, from whom {feveral Learned Perfons find no ob{cure Confeffions of the Deluge, which thus my- ftically they have wrapp'd up, That one Viracocha cameout of the great Lake Titicaca, and ferled his Refidence upon Tiaguanaco, where yet remain the Ruines of ancient Walls, built-after a wonderful manner : At length removing from Tiaguanaco to Cafco, he began to multiply the Generation of Mankind. They dhew in the foremention’d Lakea {mall Ifland, under which, the Americans fay, the Sun fav’d himfelf from the Flood ; wherefore in ancient Times they fu: perfticioufly obferv’d that place, heightning their Bloody Sacrifices with Hu- mane Slaughter. Others relate, That fix Perfons leap’d through a Hole out of a Window, from whence all Men were fince Extracted ; and from that new Increafe, the wfane (after the Inhabitants of the Old World were all drown’d) got the Denomination of PacariTampo ; and therefore they hold the Tampo’s to be the moft ancient Families: From hence Mangocapam deriv’d, being the Pri- mogenitor of the Ynca’s or Kings ; from whom {prung two paawuasiens. Hanon Cuxco,and Urim Cuzco. They cell * alfo, That their Ynca’s,when they make War upon aty People, fay that the occafion, asthey pretend, was, becaufe all Ter. ritories are Tributary to them juftly, tim whom they were deriv’d and re- ftor'd, being the firft Planters of the New World ; and withal, That the true Religion was declar’d to them from Heaven. This Relation, though mix’d wich Fables, fhews (but very darkly) that they have fome knowledge of the Flood: For who are thofe fix elfe that leap’d out of a Window to replenifh the Generations of Mankind, but Shem, Ham, and Japhet, with their Wives 2 The Americans can give but a little better Account of their firlt Original : and indeed it ismo wonder, becaule for want of Books they can relate adchiny certain, but only what rhey have Regiftred in their ufual Quipocamagos, which Promethejs and Noab are ame. j A60%as 1, 1. ©, 25¢ Strange Opinjon of the Americans concerning the Flood. Original of the 4merican Ki ngs, and ther Cujtom, Americaus Flood is t2- ken out of the Scripture. is not above four hundred years old. Aco/ta asking w arhat Original they judg'd . they 1. “A MER,IC A. Chap. II. Peruoions Opinion. they were of, and from what Countrey and People deriv’d ? receiv’d no:other _ Anfwer, but that America only was their native Countrey, and that they were deriv’d from no other elfewhere. But though the Peruvians are of this Opie fied aie the: amalonnss EUS Vem the Mexicans are of another mind, giving the Spaniards a far better Ac- ; count when firft they came thither, wherein we muft a little deviate, viz. How they were remov’d from fome other place, as Robert Comteus relates, who with many Learned and feemingly true Arguments affirms, That the Original of the Americans muft be fought for either among the Phenicians ,Sydonians ,Tyrians, Lib. 1. cap. 7. or Carthaginians, being indeed all one People. Herodotus faith thus of the Pheni- cians, “€ They liv’d formerly, according to their own Relation, along the Shore “of the Red-Sea ; from whence removing, they planted the Sea-Coaft of the “ Syrians. Feftus Avienus the Latin Poet agrees with this Opinion,where he faith, On the Phenicians Coafts the. Ocean beats, Who through the. Red-Sea Sailing, chang’d their Seats. They were the firft that ventur’d through the Seas, And freighted Ships with richer Merchandize : Fair or foul Weather, Ihey without controule! Sought Foreign ‘Trade, directed by the Pole. Original and Habieati- _ Ariffotle from a Greek Word calls them Phenicians, from their being red or ‘ons of the Pheniciaus , 0 witom, aecording ro feveral bloody with the.Slaughter of all Strangers that Landed on their Coaft ; but extracted. rather, and fo indeed they are call’d Phenicians, or Erythreans, from Efau, ox Edom, from whom they are deriv’d,; for thefe two Words, or Denominations, fignifie in Greek, Red; the two laft,; the like in Hebrew. Phenix hime felf firft planted all the Countrey lying between the River Eleutherns, and the Egyptian City Pelufinm; and afterwards Damiata, wafh’d by the Mediz terrane: But fince, thefe Boundaries are alter’d, on the North, by Judea, Weft. ward, by the Mediterrane ; Southerly, by Egypt ; and towards the Eaft, by the Defart Arabia. | | The chiefeft Cities are Prolemais, otherwife call’d Acon, Sidon, Arad, Great Cas na, Sarepta, ‘Biblis, Bothris, Berithus, and their Princefs Tyre, formerly {cituate in an Ifle, but fince joyn’d to the Main-Land by Alexander the Great. None can difown, but that the Phenicians have every where been Admirals of the Sea; fo that they were formidable to the greateft Princes. When the Hersdot. lib.s, Perfian King (ambyfes came with a valt Army againft the Carthaginians, he was forc’d to give over his Defign, becaufe the Phenicians refus'd to help him with their Fleet, being allied to, and the City founded by them: But they not only Salut in Igurtha, built Carthage,which {trove with Rome to be the Emprefs of the World,but alfo the famousCities Leptis, Utica, Hippo, and Adrumetum in Africa, with Cadiz and Tarteffus in Spain, nay, they fent Plantations of People intoithe Heart of Iberia and Lybia. It will not be amifs toadd Q. Curtivs his Relation, who tells us, oj venient Power of the. €€ Where-ever the Phenicians came with their Fleets, Landing their Men, they | « {ubdu’d whole Countreys, and by that means f{pread their Colonies over the “known World ; Carthage in Africa, Thebes in Boetia, and Cadiz near the Weftern “Ocean, Ariftotle relates, “‘ That they made fuch rich Returns of their Mer- *‘ chandize, and chiefly of their Oyl, in Spain, that their Anchors, Pins, and « all Iron Materials belonging to a Ship, in ftead of that Metal, were Silver. But to return to our Difcourfe, and difprove the former Teftimony, That the Phenicians found America. The formention’d Comteus faith thus; “ None « can Chap.II. AMER ICA. *¢ can juftly doubt, but that fince che Phenicians took the Command of the Sea _, Teflimonies thar the 4- “« from the Rhodians, they more and more increas‘d their Fleets, and growing “ “‘ experter in Navigation, paffing the Gibraltar Northward, became Matters of “ Cadix,and {till prepar’d new Fleets;which fearching beyond Atlas Southward, - difcover'd the Coafts of Africa, and the adjacent Ifles, driving a great Trade “« to the Canaries, and to thole which lay {catter’d along Cape de Verd,. formerly *¢ call’d the Gorgades. This way of Trade alfo was not unknown to the Greeks, Iberians, and other People; but after the Phenicians aflum’d it wholly co ‘«themfelves, without any refpect or difference of Countreys, they funk all “‘ whomfoever they could catch. Curtins further adds, faying, “I believe that “ the Phenicians, failing into thé Main Ocean, have difcover’d unknown Coun: “treys. And which are thofe ? Not the Gorgades,or Canary Ifles ; for thofe were fufficiently known before; but a Main Land, far beyond. But though the Pheni- cians were moft expert, yet not skilful enough to make out fuch Difcoveries. They indeed were the firft that before any other {ail’d out of the Mid-land Sea; nay,they ventur’d a good way into the main Ocean, beyond the Straights of Gibraltar, or the Herculean Pillars: But how far? Not to the Gorgades, above half way betwixt Spam and America; but to the Cafsiterides, or Flemifh Iflands, which to the number of nine lie in fight of Spain. Strabo affirms this Truth, faying, ‘° The Caffiterides are ten, lying in order clofe by one another: One ““remains- uninhabited; onthe reft live a fwarthy People. This way the Phenicians fail’d firft, when they were in queft for Trade, from Cadiz, And though he reckons ten, there are indeed but nine, viz, St. Michael, St. Mary, St. George, Tercera, de Pico, or Tenariff, fo call’d from the Mountain which vomits Fire, Fayal,Las Flores ,Del Cuervo, and Gratiofa. Moreover,the fame Strabo relates, “*’"That the Carthaginians did not throw over-boatd the Traders on the remote ** Gorgades, but thofe efpecially that came from Sardinia or Cadiz, Mean while, we cannotdeny, but that the Gorgades that lye before Cape de Verd were frequented by the Carthaginians, long before the Birth of our Savior; but with fo much admiration,that Hanno their Captain in that Expedition was lifted amongftthe number of their Heroes, hapning thus: The Carthaginians failing for Cadiz, to affift the Phenicians againft the Spaniards, made that the Seat of War, which foon drew on a greater Defign; for Hamilco and Hanno being impowr’d by the Senate at Carthage, manag’d the War.in Spain. Both of them were ambitious to difcover new Countreys. Hamilco fail’d along the Coaft of Spain and Gaule, reaching to Batavia, Hanno fteer’d Southerly, carrying thirty thoufand Men of all Trades in his Fleet, purpofing to build a new City in fome place or other, and got beyond the Promontory Ampelufium, now call’d Cabo Spatil; the River Ziloa, which wafheth the City Arzilla; and the Stream Lix, now Luffo, where the Poets place the Gardens of the He/perides, i the cu- ftody of a waking Dragen: From thence proceeding on his Voyage, he came toan Anchor in the Mouth of the River Subur, at this day call’d Subu, and afterwards before the City Sala, now call’d Salle, at that time made very dan- gerous by the voracious Beafts in the neighboring Woods: At laft the Fleet reach’d the Foot of the leffer Atlas, which ends atthe Point Chaunaria, by the Modern Navigators call’d Cabo Non, becaufe it was judg’d, that none could feape with Life, that durft adventure to fteer beyond Chaunarias yet Hanno fail’'d between Palma, one of the Canary-Iflands, and the Promontory Bojadoris, towards the pointed Coaft call’d then Cornu Hesperium, but now (ape Verd, in the River fama, by Caftaldus call’d Omirabi : Here he found horrible Crocco- : ‘D4 diles, Hif[pan, lib. 1. cap, 20, age of Hanue the Cartha- ginian, along the Coalt of Africa to the Salt-Iflands, a Ae ericans are deriv'd from ve Phenicians, Firft Teftimonys Is contradid&ed, Lib. 3. Geogr, Flemmifb. Iftands, Lib. 17. Salt-Iands how long wn Joan, Mariana de Reb, Very remarkable Voy- AMERICA. Chap. If. diles,and Hlippopotami ot SeasHorfes. At/ama is held to flow from the fame Foun- Strange Villon, The Ancients beljev'd Baboons to be Men, The Ifland St. Themas. Hiuno'’s Return, Is for his Voyage plac'd among't the Gids, tain whence the Nyle hath its Original. In this Latitude Hanno defcried thofe Iflands which he call’d Gorgones (from the three deform’d Sifters Medufa, Sthe- nio, and Euryale, whofe Heads were Periwig’d with curl’d Serpents) becaule they found as ‘\lfavor’d Women on thefe Iflands,which at this day the Hollanders call the Salt-I/lands ; amongft which, the chiefelt is St. Jago, a Colony of The Portuguese , but the Mountains Oppofite to the Gorgones, on the main Coaft of Africa, rifing aloft with {piring tops near the River Majitholus, lanno call’d the Chariots of the Gods,now nam’d Sierra Liona, lying in eight Degrees Northern La- titude. When Hanno and his Armado,ecither provok’d by an undaunted Courage, or covetous of Fame, if they proceeded in their fo wonderful Adventure,went forward, where they reported, that they faw Rivers of Fire falling into the Ocean, the Countrey all about burning, and the tops of the Mountains dazle- ing their Eyes with continual Flafhes of Lightning, intermix’d with terrible Thunder ; adding further, ‘That the Natives all che Summer fhelter’d them- felves from the exceffive Heat, in Caves under Ground ; and coming forth in the night, run abroad with lighted Torches over their Ground, fo gathering in their Harveft, and Officiating all other Affairs of Husbandry: Yet Hanno no ways daunted at fuch ftrange Sights, fail’d from Sierra Liona Southerly to the AE quinox,where he difcover'd an Ifland not far from the /frican Coaft, inhabited by a roughand hairy People, to take fome of whom,he us‘d all poffible means, -yet could not; onely two Women, being incompafs’d by Soldiers, were ta- ken, and carried aboard ; but being Very falvage, and barbaroufly wild, could not be tamed, or brought to any Complacency; fo they kill’d them,and carried their ftuff'd-up Skins to Carthage, where they were a long time gaz’d upon with great admiration. This Ifland which Hanno then found, can be no other but that which we ‘call Se. Thomas, and hath a very unhealthy Air for Strangers, but elfe very fruitful, and abounding with Sugar-Canes ; and the hairy People which he makes mention of, were Babeons, or Baboons, which Africa in this place breeds large, to the amazement of the Beholders, in great abundance ; becaufe thofe deform’d Monfters, more than any other Beaft whatfoever, reprefent Humane fhape. AY Here Hanno ftopp’d his Voyage, being hindred from going further for want of Provifion. Five years he. {pent in this Expedition, before he Anchor'd again at Cadiz, from whence not long after he fteer’d to his Native Countrey (arthage, where he was receiv’d with no lefs Wonder than State,infomuch that none before or after him ever gain’d greater Honor, feeming to oblige his Countrey with the hopes of future Profits from thele new difcower’d Regi- ons: Nay, he receiv’d a Name, and was plac’d amongft their Gods in the Temples, which he being ambitious of; promoted after a ftrange manner, teaching feveral Birds to cry, The great God Hanno ; which when they could {peak perfect, they were let fly in the Air, where to the admiration of all Peo: ple, they every where repeated their well-taught Leflott. This the moft remarkable Voyage which hapned in the time of the Anci- ents, confidering they wanted feveral Mathematical Inftruments belonging to Navigation, and efpecially the ufe of the Compafs ; and alfo confidering the length of the Voyage to Sierra Liona, whither never any durft venture before : Nay, in fo many Ages after Hanno, the famoufeft Navigators which were fer out by the King of Portugal, fear'd along time to cut theit Paflage through the | , | AL quinoétial- Chap. II. AMER IC 4. AE quinottial-Line ; however in long Procefs of time, divers Experiments were made, which have now fo much improv’d the Art of Navigation. Hanno’s Voyage was four hundred years before the Birth of our Savior ; Teflimony that America was not known to the An- therefore if none have been further than Hanno, until the time the Portnpucle cienéd. fail’d beyond Cape de Bona Efperanza, how could America be difcover’d by Sea? How did they fteer from the Salt-I/lands, or St. Thomas, out of fight of Land, through the Main Ocean, toan unknown World ? Hanno himfelf, who was the ftouteft of all Ancient Navigators, not only crept along the Africdn Coat, which made him {pend fo much time ; but not daring to crofs over thofe wide {preading Bays he found, left not ie hold of the Shore, and meafur’d and fearch’d every winding telec and Creek : And if he founda New World, why was it not known? The more, becaufe his Ambition carry’d him on to get a Name and Reputation by fuch Naval Difcoyeries. And how true the Relati- on of this Expedition is, Pliny tells us, faying, The Journal-Books were then to be feen which Hanno writin that his African Expedition : Though many of the Greeks, and alfo of our Moderns, following Hanno, have found feveral things contrary to his Obfervations, wherein he makes mention of feveral Cities built by him, which none ever fince heard of, or any have feen, neither is there the leaft Marks of their Ruines to be found. This large Relation ferves for nothing elfe, but to fhew that they feek in vain herein to give the Honor of the Eaciceurian of America to the Ancients ; And as little do thole Teftimonies fignifie that are taken out of Diodorus Sict lus, Pliny, Pomponius Mela, and Alian. It will be worth our time to hear every one of them patticuldvly. Firft, Diodorus faith, “Beyond -Lybia, in the Ocean, lies a very gteat oe Ifland, feveral days Seiling 8 in Circumference, having a very fruitful Soil,and Blealaat Meadows, diftinguifh’d by Hills, and moiftned by Navigable Ri- ‘* vers, unknown in Ancient Times, becaufe it feems to be feparated from the “Sother World, and was thus found: The Phenicians failing along the Lybian “ Coaft, were feveral days and nights tofs’d with perpetual Tempefts, and at *¢ Jaft driven to the foremention’d Ifland, where Anchoring, and obferving the ‘¢ pleafant Scituation thereof, made it known to their Magiftrates. But how: comes this namelefs Ifland to be America? What Man would take that for an Ifland, which far exceeds the main Continent of fia? And have the Phenicians aah d the finding of this New World to any ¢ Whence then proceeds fuch great filence amongft all the Ancient Writers of a whole World, -who otherwife us’d to give Denominations to the leaft remote Village, or Mountain, or River? Pliny {peaks after the fame manner, faying, <¢ The Writers make mention, “ that Atlas rifes out of the middle of sive Sands,with a Shrubby and Bufhy top “ towards the Sky, on the Shore of the Ocean to which he gives his Denomi- “nation ; That it is full of Woods, and water’d by feveral Fountains on that « fide towards Africa, by which means it bears all manner of Fruit. In the “‘ Day-time none of the Inhabitants appear, all things being in filence, as in “< the middle of a Defart ; the Approacher is ftruck with fudden amazement. “ And befides its exceffive high Crown, reaching above the Clouds,and neigh: ** boring, as they fay, the Circle of the Moon, appears in the Night ds if it “< were allin a Flame, refounding far and near with Pipes, Trumpets,and Cym- *‘bals ; and the Journey up thither, very long and dangerous. I cannot underftand that Pliny can mean Ameried by this; becatife himfelf, in the Lib. 6. cap. 7: Second Teftimony; that the Americans are deriv’d from the Phenicians. IscontradiGeg. Lib. ¢, cap. t. Deftr pti of Atlat, Lib, ,cap. 4, Strange Men, Lib. 3-cap. 18, Difcourfe between A4G- das and Silenus- concerning the Unknown World, AMERICA Chap. IL. the firft Divifion of his Fifth Book, makes his beginning with the Defcripti- on of Africa: And asto what further concerns the ftrange Relation and dan- ger thereof, isa little before related in Hanno’s Voyage ; and it is but a flight Argument to prove it America, becaufe ic feems to refound with thofe forts of Inftruments which the Americans were obferv’d to ufe when difcover’d. Pomponins Mela being the third, hath no greater Arguments than the former. . “¢ We hear ({ays he) that utmoft People towards the Weft, beistg the Atlanticans, “are rather half Beafts than Men, cloven-footed, without Heads, their Faces ‘¢ upon their Breafts, and naked, with one great Foot, like Satyrs or Goblins, ‘‘ which range up and down, without any Artificial Shelters or Houfes. Laftly, lian feems to fay fomething, when he fets down the Difcourfe be- tween Midas and Silenus, out of Theopompus, where Silenus relates, ‘‘ That Bu “ rope, Afia, and Lybia are Iflands; and thata vaft Countreyslyes beyond this ‘his tripple-divided World, mighty Populous, and abounding with all other *¢ Living Creatures, as big again as ours, and living twice as long : That they ‘are. wondrous rich , their Religions, Laws, and Cuftoms, founded upon © another Morality and Reafon, quite different from ours. They boaft efpe- “cially of two great Cities, Machimus and Eu/ebes , the Inhabitants of the farft ‘¢ maintaining themfelves by driving altogether a Trade of War, muftering ‘Cup, and filling their numerous Regiments with feveral valiant Nations. The 6 Tuifted Citizens amount in their -Mufter-Rolls, all bred to Soldiery, to two «Millions, of whom few but {corn either dying bravely by Wounds receiv’d ‘with Flinteedg’d Laths, and Staves, in ftead of Spears, pointed with Stones, “not knowing the ufe of Iron or Steel, but fo over-ftock’d with Gold and “ Silver; that they account ic a Drug of lefs Value than our bafeft Metal. “ Some Years fince they march’d into our World, a hundred thoufand ftrong, ‘*as far as the Ayperborean Mountains, where being inform/d, that all the Na- “tions of our World, compar’d with them, liv’d in a poor and defpicable “condition ; asnot thinking them worth their Conqueft, they return'd. But: « the fecond City Eufebes, deals altogether in Peace, and its Citizens are not ra- « pacious, but exercife Juftice, fo much affecting Morality and Divine Wor- “ fhip, that they conquer Heaven by their Piety and Meeknefs y and the Gods ‘¢ themfelves are pleas'd to defcend, and advife with them concerning their “ Celeftial Affairs. ‘ Who obferves not this to bea Poetical Relation, fhewing how much better the Acquirements of Peace are, than thofe of War ; the one conquering only Men, the other, the Gods ? Nor can more be taken out of 4lian’s Diflcourfe, but that the Ancients believ’d there was another Habitable World to be ‘our Antipodes. | 4G Thus far hath been difputed concerning the Original of the Americans whofe Plantations from Tyre or Carthage by Sea, are found altogether invalid: Yet _ _ Inquiries whether the ~ Confliturions of the Phe- Micians agree with the 4- , mMmericans. we will fearch a little further, to fee whether the People Analogize, either in their Religion, Policy, Occonomy, or Cuftoms, = It is certain, that the ancient Phenicians liv'din Tents, and fometimes ex. chang’d eaten-up Paftures for frefh, which the Americans to this day obferve ; by which it might-appear, that they are of a Phenician Extract. But why not as well deriv’d from Numidia, Tartary, or the ancient Patriarchs, who alldiv’d fach an unferel’d wandering Life ¢ Befides,the Phenicians had a long time given over Paftoral Bufinels, for Maritime Affairs of greater confequence; not only Merchandizing through all the World, but fending great Colonies in Ships to . new ' Chap. Il. AMERICA. 23 new Plantations: And moreover,the Americans could not fo ftrangely degenes rate from their Anceftors, but would have built great Cities like them; of ‘which many were found in Phenicia, but none of Antiquity in America. As'to their Religion, if it agreed with the Phenicians, it was the fame that all © 4, atts soln their Reali the World profefs’ d at that time, and therefore may as well be extracted from &™ _any other, as them: "Tis true, we find them inclind to Sorcery, and dealing - with Evil Spirits, as the Pianiciets, in which they were not only guilty, but all other Nations at that time. Nay,why not as well cranfported out of Afia or Exrope,where were formerly The Known World for many the like Tamperers,and thofe that dealt in fuch Diabolical Sciences? And icc tae ra a why not from Salmantica, where, as Lauréntins Ananias relates, Magick-Arts De xa, Deman. 1. 3. were publickly taught, and they commenc’d Doctors, and took their Degrees according to their Learning 2 The Devil alfo hath puiblick Worfhip smongft the Americans, and fo he had with the Phenicians: yet not only they, but elie whole World had dedicated Temples to him. -Here began Humane and Infets twa». 1b. 6. nal Sacrifices, fuppofing that Evil Spirits were delighted, and fo feafted with the Steam of Humane Offerings, whofe {weetnefs made them milder, and fo intoxicating, lull’d them. into lefs mifchief. How famous is Zoroa/ter, and the whole School of the Eaftern Magicians ? Devi-worhip formerly us’d in all the World, and In Mo/fes’s time this Wickednefs had already took place: Nor can it be deny’d oe deca, but that the Phenicians carry’d their Idols in their Ships, as Herodotus teftifies, - t2olsin ships. faying , *¢ The'Image of Vulcan much refembles the Phenicians Patacoiwi, which *« they plac’d on the Fore-caftle of their Ships. In likegimanner, the Americans when they go to Sea, carry their Idols with them ; and the Ships took Name from the Image, which was either painted or carv'd on the Stern, or plac’d ellewhere upon the Deck. The fame Cuftom the Chinefes obferve to this prefent : Francis Xaverius re- lates, «< That he fail’d in a Chinefe Veflel from God to Japan, which bore an 46 Idol ; in its Stern, before which the Mafter lighted Candles, perfum’d it «< with Aloe-wood, and offer’d Birds and other Food , inquiring of it the ‘¢ Event of his Voyage. Sometimes he judg’d from the Statues immovable ‘¢ Looks, that it would fall out fuccefsfully , and other times, not. Laftly, Porphyrius relates, ‘* That the Phenicians upon any gteat Exigency, as Pea/amt Ainimallr} “War, exceflive Heat, or Mortal Diftempers, by order felédted one of the “¢ moft comely and beautiful of their Children, to be offer’d upto Saturn. And Eufebius faith alfo out of Porphyrins, “That Saturn, whom the Phenicians call Prepar. Boang libs! “ Hrael, the Learned Vojsins and Hugo Grotius read Il, or El (one of the ten “*'Names of God in Hebrew) which they alfo give to the Planet Saturn, who ““ when he Reign’d in Phenicia, having one only Son born by the Nymph Av0- *< bret, and was in danger to lofe his Kingdom, being worfted in an unlucky “* War, he drefs'd him in Royal Robes, and placing him on an Altar built for ‘¢ that purpole, facrific’d him with hisown Hands. And although fuch like cruel Oblationsare us'd in America, mutt it therefore , Men and Children ued follow, that they are deriv’d from the Phenicians, when feveral other People are dented oe guilty of.thefame ? Nay, there is {carce one Countrey, which hath not at fome time or other perform’d {uch inhumane Aéts, feeming to them Zeal in their Religion; for the moft eminent of the Heathens fcrupled mor at it, Which certainly are held to be the Perfians, Greeks, and Romans ; and yet they were not abhorr’d, though committing Humane Slanghters. This holy Butchery and Religious Slaughter of Mankind began in Rome in the Who forbade the facrifi- cing of Men, Lib, de Superfiit. Rer, Perfic, 1. 1. Lib.3. fel. 8 Geogr. Eb. tl, Geog, Bell. Gall Comm, AMERICA. _ Chap. IT. the Emperor Adrian’s Reign, fo continuing till the time of Tertullian, Laétanti- us, and Enfebius. The Greeks which inhabited the utmoft part of Italy, em- ploy’d themfelves daily in Sacrificing Strangers to Saturn, and fometimes one another. But at laft this formal Cruelty became a ridiculous Cuftom ; for the Romans by fevere Ediéts ftriétly forbad all fuch Humane Offerings: Yer that they might retain fome.memory of their former Sacrifices, they order’d thirty Ima- ges to be made of Rufhes, which every year on the fifteenth of April, were by the Roman Priefts and Veftal Nuns, to be thrown from the Milyian Bridge into the Tyber. Moreover, Manethon relates, ‘‘ That the Egyptians in Heliopolis us’d to offer three Men at once to Juno, which Cuftom was obferv’d till King Amafis or der’d, That in ftead of Men,they fhould ferve her with Wax Candles. ; Amefirs, Queen to the famous erxes, caus’d twelve Men to be burn’d alive, as an Oblation, to pacifie and oblige Pluto to maintain them, in their prefent Grandeur. - Procopius relates of the People about the Arabian Gulph, “ That they often- “ times Sacrific’d Mento the Sun. “¢ The Indians, faith Pomponius Mela, kill their neareft Relations and Parents, “before they decay by Sicknefs or Age, and judg’d it fit and moft Religious to “ Feaftand Banquet themfelves with the Entrails of the flain. The Albanians , as Strabo relates, offer yearly one of their Priefts to the Moon. The fame Mela relates of the Tauri, That they us’d'to cut the Throats of Strangers, whenever they came near to the Place of their Sacrifice. | The Egyptian Idol Typhon, asyou may read in Manethon, was daily made reds hot, and living People put in, and broyl’d to death. | But to pafs by feveral other People guilty of fuch bloody Idolatry, How did the Altars erected in the Woods in Gaul and Germany, for Taran, He/us, Tens tates, and Woden, continually f{moke with the Blood of Humane Expiations ? Of which Céfar faith thus in his Commentaries 5 “* The Gauls area very Devout “and Superftitious Nation ; and therefore when any were dangeroufly fick, “or likely to be worfted in Battel, they vow’'d to feaft their Gods that fav’d “‘them with Humane Flefh, and if need were, would make themfelves a “ thankful Sacrifice to thofe that help’d them off in fuch an Exigence. Con- _ “cerning thefe bloody Rites, they confulted and imploy’d the Druydes, by 2 Reg.3.V.86927- “ whofe advice they all believ’d that no Vigim was fo acceptable to the Nu- “ mens, as pour’d-out Humane Blood, but efpecially that of Malefadtors , “which Dainty if they could not.procure, their Gods muft be treated with “ the Lives of the Innocent. | Laftly the Holy Scri pture faith thus, When the King of Moab [aw that the Battel was too fore for him, he took with him Jeven hundred Men that drew Swords, to break through even to the King of Edom ; but they could not. Then he took his eldeft Son, that fhould have reigned in his ftead, and offered him for a Burnt-offering on the Wall. Thefe Teftimonies are fufficient Witneffes, That the Ancient Heathens exe prefs'd the height of their Devotion, and fury of mad Zeal, in fuch execrable Rites, as to this day the like is pra@ifed by the Indians, Chinefes, Fapanners, and others: Wherefore it can no ways be a fufficient ground to prove, that the Americans are deriv’d from the Phenicians, becaufe of their Humane Sacrifices, _ for that they were ufual Cuftoms in all Places. The Chap. I. A MERIC A. Thethird Proof they offer us, is borrow’d from the fimilitude and likenefs of the Phenician and American Languages : Comteus {ets down fome Words, viz, che Phenicians call’d a Mountain, Abila,; Blood, Edom ; a Mother, Anech a) - Maid, Hellotia , Water, Heni, and Jam: With the firft agrees the American Anth- la; with the fecond, Holedonch; with the third, Anam; withthe fourth, Hel- lotie; with the fifth, Ame, and Jame. “But thofe that will thus corrupt the Words, may as well make the unfeemlieft Comparifons. At is certain, that the Phenicians and fome of the Americans call a Cup Afur, and Red Wine, Belafa , Bat does it therefore follow by this, that the one is extracted from the other 2 How many Names do fignific all one, amongft People that never had any Converfation together ? This proceeds only from meer accident; Or elfe if forne Words of one, found like the fame Words us‘d in a remote Countrey, and be of one fignification, muft they therefore be deriv’d from one another ? Then upon neceflicy the Greeks, Latins, and Germans had their Original from the Hebrews, or the Latins from the Greeks, ox the Germans from the Latins, or the Perfians from the Germans ; or, on the contrary, the laft owe their Extra& to . thefirfts I willas a Teftimony, and to give youa Pattern, pick out a few from a greater number. How little difference is there in many Words between the Greek and Hebrew 2 The Hebrews call a Church-Congregation Sanhedrim ,gthe Greeks Swidesov ; the Greeks for I advife, ule redo, the other MQ ; the Hebrews call Wife-men Zophei, the other Ségo,: And lefs difference there is between Sympho- nah and Sungoryia, A well-fet Leffon; ox Pfanterin and ¥axtéesovy A Spiritual Hymn: And who alfo will not find a near refemblance in the confonating of divers Latin and Hebrew Words? For there is little difference betwixt Mefurah and Menfura, a Meafure ; Shekar and Saccarus, a [weet Moifture; Levya and Leena, a Lione/s, Sabbeca and Sambuca, a Chopping-board, Pefa and Paffus, a Pace: Then ftarting over the Greek and Latin, the Teutonicks would likewife pros duce many Words which have the fame found and fignification with the He- brew ; as Chobel,a (able ; Ethmol and Etmael, Watching ; Sothim and Sotten, Fools s the Edebrew Arets,is in Dutch,Aerde, or as we in Englifh,Ear’d Lands ; Phert and Peert, a Forfe ; Levyah and Leenw,a Lion ; Shad and Schadea,Damages , Kiffe and Kuffen,in our Dialect the very fame, Kiffe ; Shaken and Schenken, a giving, whence we derive our Englifh Skinker, from ferving of Drink, Bel and Beeld, an Image ; for Bel properly fignifies Lord, perhaps becaufe the Images of Heroes or Lords were worfhipp‘d by them, or elfe becaufe Ninus firft ereéted an Image for his Fa- ther. Belus, or Bel, to be worfhipp’d. ) . It would makea large Volume it felf, to reckon up the Confonancies of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, and their fcatterings among all Languages where ever their Empire fptead, the one being indeed borrow’d from the other, as all Languages that deal Orshave any converfe together: For not only the Words, with fome {mall Alterations of Letters, fignifie the fame in both Lan- guages ; but alfo without the leaft alteration. Both Greeks and Latins expre(s Ido, by Ago; the Number Eight, by Of; an Arm, by Brachium or Brachion, in Englifh, Branches, and Braces; I cat, by Edo; a Cup, by Phiale ;. a Curtain, by Cor- tina, ot (ortine ; Merry, by Hilaris, or Elilaros ; a ratling Noife or Sound, by Clango, a Camel, by Camelus, or Camelos ; a Knee, by Genu, or Gonu ; a Bowl or Chalice, by Calix ; 4 Moufe, by Mus ; Deceit, by Dolus, or Dolos; a Houfe; by Domus, or Do- mos; Icarry, by Fero, or Phero; the Pronoun I, Ego; a Lion, by Leo, or Ato « Flax, by Linum, or Linon ; 4 Mother; by Mater, or Meter , now, by nunc, or nun, , the 25 . Third teftimony, That the Americans are deriv’d from the Phenicians , be- caufe their Language agrees Is contradiéed, Greck and Hebrew agree , Alfo the Mebrew and La in. Likewife the” Teutonick, the great Language of Ger- many, Britain, the Low- Conmntreys, and other Nor- thern Nations, Greek and Latig T ongucs pree 7 Abrah. Miliiy Lise, Belz, Cc. 5> 6, 7? I Ly Phenician ‘and American Toagues have no fimulitude Americans much divided in >peech aud Pople. E Tn America one Tongue is pot atall like che other. De Lath Orig Amer.obf.5» Gen. 9 v. 153 265 27- Gen. 10, U. 15. Laft Teftimonies of the Americans Bxtra& fromthe Phenjctans, YMERIO“ ~~. Chapt the Night, by Nox, or Nux; a Rock-ftoney by Petra, a Nickname, by Scomma, or Skomma; a Boat, by Scapha, or Skaphe ; a Treafure, by Thefasrus, or Thefauros ; Father, by Pater ; I tremble, by Tremo, an Hour, by Hora; the Evening, by Vespe- ra, or Hefpera; andan innumerable many Words more, that are of one fignifi cation in both. | Now if there is not the hundredth part of the refemblance found betweett the American and Phenician Tongues, as there is between the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Dutch, according to the foremention’d Examples, which notwithftanding cannot be obferv’d to be deriv’d from one another, what teftimony can there be in five or fix Words, which only have a few Letters that do not differ ? But fuppofe that the agreeing of the Phenician and American Tongues could ferve for a teftimony, that thefe jaft People had theif Original from the firft, then there remains another doubt, viz. To know what Americans acknowledge the Phenicians for their Fathers ;° becaufe their Countrey 1s fo big, that it may almoft ftand in competition with all the other three parts of the Known World, being divided by fo many Nations, which differ not only in their vae rious Cuftoms, but alfo in their feveral Languages, moft of them not having . the leaft likenefS one with another: Nay, often times the Inhabitants of one Province differ fo much in Diale&, that, according to Petrus de Cieca, the one cannot un@erftand the other. i Fobn de Lact-obferves out of Peter Martyr, ind other Writers concerning the WeSt -Indies, That there are feveral Languages and ftrange Words {poken among the divers Inhabitants of America,for the Hiurones call a Head Sionta, the Mexicans, Tzontecontli, the Inhabitants of New-Netherland, Anonfi; the Brafiltans, Acanga ; the Jaos; Boppe: the Figures One, Two, Three, and Four, the Hurones tell thus, Efcate, Teni, Flachin, Dac ; the Mexicans, Ce, Ome, Yei, Nabuy ; the Sankikanders, Cotte, Nyffe, Nacha, Wyve ; the Brafilians, Oyepe, Mocoy, Mocapir, Oirundi , the Jaos, Tewyn, Tage, Terrewaw, Tagyne , the Natives of New-Netherland, Onfat, Tiggani, Affe, Cayere. Moreover the Edurones call a Father Ay/tan ; the Mexicans, Tathli; the Canadenfers, Notaovi; in New-Netherland, Ragina;, in Brafile, Tuba: And foiit is generally with all other Words, which agree not in the leaft one with the other; fo that every Territory hath not only a feveral Dialect, but in many Places they ufe befides two, three, or more diftingt Speeches, not relating in the leaft one to another, in one Province, by which the People inhabiting Towns and Villages are diftinguifh’d. The Iflanders difcover’d by the Spanis ards, and deftroy’d, have left few Words behind them ;-yet Peter Martyr fets down fome of them; which were formerly us’d in Hifpaniola: They call'd Heaven Tures; a Houle, Boa ; Gold, Cauni; agood Man, Tayno. It is worthy of obfervation, that they pronounce no HZ in their Language, buy what is {po- ken with a Vowel, and then give it a ftrong Afpiration, like the’warbling gut- tural Y Ghain of the Hebrews. . Our laft and chiefeft Teftimony is Mofes, who fays thus in Genefis, Curfed be Canaan, a Servant of Servants fhall be be unto his Brethren. Moreover he fcid, Bleffed be the Lord God of Shem, and Canaan fhall be bis Servant : God fhall inlarge Ja- phet, and he fhall dwell in the Tents of Shem , and Canaan, fhall be hisServant.. And in the next Chapter, (anaan begat Sidon. “Thefe Scriptures are explain’d as.a Teftimony of the Americans Extract from the Phenicians, which they ground on thefe following Reafons : The Phenicians are (anaan’s-Succeflors from. Sidon, who gave name to their chief City. Tubal the Ilue of Japhet, whofe Tents God promis’d to enlarge, and that Canaan fhould be his Servant, planted Spain. 7 The Chap. Il. AMERICA The Phenicians, defcendants from Sydon, (fay they) Peopled America ; the Spani- ards {prung from Tubal, of Japhet, have fubjected the Americans, defcended from Sydon, of Canaan, wherein is fulfill’d that Prophecy of Mofes, That Canaan fhould be Servant to Japhet; but it feems a great miftake, fo to derive the Pheni- cians from Canaan, for they are Extraéted from Shem, Heber, Abraham, and Efau, firnam’d Edom, from his faying, Adom, Adom, when he ask’d of Jacob, That Red, That Red, becaufe he knew not how to call the prepared Pottage by its proper Name ; And Edom fetling himfelf on Mount Seir, a part of the Stony Arabia, and on the Coaft of the Red-Sea, gave denomination to it, becaufe that Sea was much frequented and Navigated by his Succeffors. . The Greeks call it Erys threum, from Erythros , who is the fame with Efau, and likewife fignifies Red. Fleretoisadded, That Phenix and Erythros have the fame fignification in the Greek ; So then, thefe Idumeans taking the name of 'Phenicians, from the great Phe- nix, {pread themfelves far and near under mighty Kings, by Navigation in the Red-Sea, and from thence Planted feveral Coafts and Iflands, removing at laft to Syria. The feventh King of Edom, Mofesreckoneth to be Baal-banan, which name, by tranfpofing the Syllables, the famous Carthaginian General Hannibal bare. - Moreover, it may eafily be demonftrated, that the Phenicians Extracted from Fieber, have formerly {poke Hebrew , and fince Arabick; for they dwelt before their removing, in the Stony-Arabia. St. Jerom faith, the Punick Tongue agrees for the moft part with the Hebrew : And St. Aujftintells us, that many, nay, moft of the (arthaginian words are Hebrew. Elifa, Dido, the firft Foundre(s of Carthage proves this, for Elifa or Eliffab, with the Hebrews, denotes A Lamb of my God’; and Dido, A Lover. But,who can find the leaft likenefs, between the Hebrew ot Arabick ‘Tongue with the Americans > Laftly , Since the Phenicians acknowledge Bfau for a Father, what then concerns the Americans , the curfe of Canaan; fince they are no more Extraéted from Canaan, than the Phenicians 2. Thus much con- cerning ‘the Phenicians. Some would derive the Americans from the Jews; others , from the ten . Tribes of Ifrael, carry’d into captivity. The ground of »which ‘Opinions is, That the Jews and Ifraelites were {catter’d amongft all Nations; therefore they conclude, that America was alfo Peopled by them, the rather, becaufe the an: tient Jews and: Americans were of one Complexion , and went a like Habited, both going without Shooes, onely wearing Sandals, andian upper Coat ovet a fhorter Linnen Vet. : Both are humble, quick of apprehenfion, and obliging, yet Valiant: But it is certain, they cannot be like the Jews, -becaule the Ameri- cans change theit Habit, according as they live in cold or hot Countreys, and go not in the léaft like one another. ~ Father Immanuel relates, That he faw.a Brafilian, not onely ftoutly make his party good againft thttePortueal Soldiers, but had it not been by meer chance, worfted them. | 7 | | ‘Laftly, ‘What Ceremonies of Religious Rites are obferv’d by the Americant, which are ufed in Fudaifm? The Jews indeed have tran{planted their Circums- cifion amongft divers Eaftern People, and have they onely forgot the firft Ce- zemony and fignal Badge of their Religionin America, which yet nov on by they, but thofe Mabumetans and other Segtaries pun&ually obfervee [ osri This makes evident their fcatterings about the Face of the Earth, but wil not bring them»to reach America. The'Sacred Text fets forth a two-foldde- feription of the Jews ; The one before the Birth of our Saviour, -when they . E-4 liv’d a7 Is contradi&ed: Franc. Burmax, in Gen. 25. 30. Phenicians deriv’d from Efau. Gen, 36. 39. Com. in Jer. 1.4. ¢.292 Tn PL. 136. Voff Orig, Idol. Ltsc¢. 31, Punick Tongue, Hebrew, If the Americans were de- riv’d from'the Jews, or the ten Tribes of Ifrael, Is contradicted - - Fem; diftribution, 28 1 Pet. 1.41 Staliger in Motes ad N, T. L.de Tdolo. viaenitate, 2 Reg. 17. 5, 4 Efd. 13. 403 413 429435 44) 45245. L.5.in Exch, & |, 6. in Ferom. 4 Ef1.6.49,§0. & 14. 21° & 4.41. Antient condition of the Perfians. Melchior Soiterns de Reb. 6. AMERICA. ) Chap. IL. liv’d as ftrangers in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Afia, and Bythinia. Jernfalem was their Metropolis, alshouigh others had their chief refidence in Babylon, and Alexe andvia; for there was an Afiatickh and a European difperfion; thole of fia had Babylon for their chief City, and us’d in their Synagogues the Chaldean Tranfla- tion of the Bible. The Exropeans kept theit Seat at Alexandrid, where they had a Temple like that of Jerufalem; and whilft they employ’d themfelves:in the Greek Verfion of the Holy Scripture , by the feventy two Interpreters, under Ptolomeus Philadelphus , they were call’d Wandering Greeks : Therefore , certainly the Americans are not deriv’d from thefle Jews, and with as little reafon from thofe, which by Titus Vefpafian, after the deftrudtion of Jerufalem were driven in- to feveral Countreys, for they were never permitted (that I may borrow the words of St. Cyprian) to fet forward one ftep, though buras Pilgrims, towards their Native Countrey, but ftriatly forbidden not to affemble or meet toge- ther in any confiderable number, which would have been neceflary, if they in- tended to Plantanew World. , A {mall feeming Teftimony is added , being taken out of the fourth Book of Efdras, that the ten ‘Tribes of Ifrael that were carry’d away by Salmanaffar with their King Hofea to Nabalah, labor, the River Gozan, and the Cities of the Medes, might be acknowledged for the firft Planters of America Concerning ae Efdras faith thus, The ten Tribes brought over into another Countrey, confulted that they fhould forfake the multitude of the Heathens, and travel to.a remoter Countrey, where no Generation of Mankind had ever liv’d before, there they would maintain their Laws, which they had not obfery'd in their Countrey > Whereupon they went thither thorow - the narrow entrances of the River Euphrates, forthe Almighty ftopt the Vains of the Ri- ver, till they were past over ; for thorow the Countrey was a Way,of a year and balfs Fourney: phitefore that ‘Tract of pile is call’d Affareth, ‘then they liv’d there till the last time. But fince thefe Books of B/dras were not Written by a Prophet, either in the Hebrew Tongue , or allow’d by the Jews to be the Word of God, or any where taken notice of in the New Te/tament ; wherefore then is calms more America than any other remoter Countrey ? St. Hierom (who certainly had a peculiar knowledge of the condition of the ten Tribes of Irael , becaufe he liv’d in Afia, and held Correfpondence with the Jews, that he might perfectly learn the Hebrew Tongue,) relates, ‘* That “ the ren Tribes (St. Hierome liv’d about the Year four hundred, under the Em- “© peror Theodofius) underwent great flavery in the Cities of Medes and Perfians, fo that this ftrange Voyage to Affareth, which muft have happen’d long before St. Hierom’s time, may be Recorded amongft the other Legends of the Rabbies, concerning their Behemoth and Leyiathan, who lock’d up the Souls of thofe that fleighted their Laws, in Caves under ground, as B/dras... Bie And how little opportunity the Ifraelites had to remove fince:his time, may appear by the horrible Deftruction that was made for feveral Ages ropcehi in Perfiaand Media , for although the Perfians became Matters again of the Realm, Conquer’d by yey oe the Great, whilft Alexander's Suceenots invaded one another, yet they were continually j in War, either againft the Romans, or elfe the Indians, and other Eaftern People; nay, the Saracens wrefted the Scepter out oftheir hand, though but for a {mall time; for foon after, breaking-out into Fagtions amongft themfelves , Muchumet Subittigenes, Imbrael’s Son, efta- blifh’d his Throne on their Ruimes, and incourag’d by fuch fuccefs; Arm’d himfelf againft the Indians, and madeufe of the Turks affiftance, with which - he fybdu’d the Babylonian Arabians = After apriels the Turks, not without great flaughter - Chap: IT. ' AMERICA. {laughter fet the Perfian Crown on their Head, which. immediately totter’d by bloudy Commotions ; for Tangrolipix being King of Perjia, clafhing with his Brother (utlumufes , made Perfia {wim in the Blood of a Civil-War, till at laft Zengis (han brought from Tartary fo great an Army, Anno 1200. that none durft ftay to make oppofition; for the Turks forfook Perfia after a Conquelt of fix Ages, and made their own way for new Quarters into Carmania, Phrygia, and Bithynia, whence they made fuch incurfions on the Greek Empire, that at laft they became fole Mafters thereof.. Who cannot but eafily judge by this, how little opportunity the ten Tribes had, to be afflembled together from remote Countreys, andto go long Journeys through untrack’d ways, and full of Ene- mies, to travel to America ¢ cs. Immanuel de Moraes, who had gotten peculiar knowledge of the Americans by his long Converfation with them, judgeth that they.are not deriv’d from one People, but fromthe (arthagmians and Jews, and that at feveral times, and pla- ces, they Landed in this New World; for the Carthaginians Sailing thither, found the Soyl fo fertile, that many forfook their Native Countrey to dwell there : Whereupon, it was forbidden upon pain of Death, to fend no more thither, left if Carthage fhould be invaded by a foraign Enemy, it fhould want People fora Home-defence: From this occafionit-happen’d, that thofe that were already Tranfported, became rude, and of a Salvage Dilpofition, and {preading their Families, planted the defolate Countreys in-a ranging manner, without acknowledging any Supteme Head or Governor. | Thus being {catter’'d up and down, every one ‘invented to himfelf a new Language, which fhould neither agree with the Carthaginians, or any other : But this Opinion is before at large contradicted. ye Moreover, Moraes endeavors to fhew;. that the Brajilians are of a Hebrew Exe tract, becaufe that according to the example of the Jews, they might not Mar- ry, but intheir.own Tribes; they alfo call their Unkles, Fathers, and their Aunts, Mothers ; Hoth mourn for the Dead a Moneth together, and wear long Garments down to, their Ankles.» But thefe Arguments feem to us of {mall confequence; for indeed the Brajilians differ in their Marriages from the Jews, for they not onely Marry in their own Tribes, but frequently commix with their Sifters, and Daughters, or other their neareft Relations. Moreover, the well as their Unkles, which the Americans do not. | The Mourning for the Dead hath been an old Cuftom, and is not obferv’d * by many People, but the time of'a Moneth was not ferled amongft them, but was obfery’d after a more unufual manner, feventy days, as in the Fields of Moab for Mofes , and elfewhere for the Patriarch Jacob. Laftly, all people - know, that the Romans and Perfians girt themfelves about with long Clothes. Befides, the ews were ftriGly bound to obferve Circumcifion,, without which they were not accountéd Jews, which the Brajilians ufe not, as neither their Language or Letters. How is it poffible, that in America they fhould at once have forgotten their Extraa&, Laws, Circumcifion, Language, and other Ce- . remonies, .when the reft of them obferv’d nothing more ftrictly in all parts of _the:Barth?) .5. a | ee The Learned Hugo Grotius, inthis Enquiry aftéf the origitial of the Americans, ~ brings them with*many Circumftances to belong to Panama, fituate oppofite to ~ the Northern Parts of Norway,becaufe fomething of their Languages agreés,and the Way thither eafie and neareft to bé found: for farft they travell’d from Nors —* Jews call’d them Fathers, from whofe Loyns they {prang many Ages before, as WA) 29 Mora’s, opinion concern- ing the Americans Extract. Cuftoms and Conftituti- ons of the Brafilians are fe- veral, = Grotinsis of opinjofi that the Americans belong'd to Norway. : This Opinion is lar roely contradifted. aac Pontanus de Reb, Danicis. The Voyage of two Ze- 0's, AMERICA. ‘Chap. II. way to Yfland, over which the Norwegians Rul’d above athoufand years fince ; fo from Y/land through Friezland to Gsiilald:, and from hence to Eftotiland, being a part of the Main Continent of America. Ftom Friezland fome Fifhers went thither (as he fays) two Gentazies be fore the Spaniards touch’d that Shore ; which John de Laet contradiés. And in- deed what Reafons can be given, Why the Americans of the Straights, between . Panama and Nombre de Dios,lying Northerly, fhould have another original than thofe that live to the South, feeing the fame Straights are neither diy ided by Mountains nor Rivers ; and the Spaniards found no alteration in the Cuftoms and Languages betwixt them that liv’d above or below thefe Straights. And who will believe that Norway, which was but indifferently peopled, could af- ford fuch numerous Colonies as could plant the Northern’ America, which far exceeds the South, and chiefly, when the great Iflands that lie near the Eaft and Weft, are added to it ? Moreover it is certain, (if the Yflander Angrim onus isto be credited) that fome Families fled out of Norway from their enraged King to Yfland in the Year 874. which at that time was but meanly inhabited. Forty years before, Lewis the Juft putthe Yflanders under the protection of Pope Gregory the fourth, who gave the Government of the Y/land Church to Anfear Archbifhop of Hamburgh. But how comes it that there 1s not the leaft {park of Chriftianity found amongft the Northern Americens, if they aré deriv’ d from the Yfland Chriftians ? and why did the Y/landers remove, to colder Coun- treys than Groenland and Frieland, or theit own native Soil, and for the moft part not inhabited ? Concerning Groenland and Friexland, it is. known by our Englifh Navigators, that they are joyn’d together, and both to the Northern America; but not with+ out vaft Bays and Inlets, which betwixt Groenland and umeiiad are obftructed with floating Caftles of Ice ; fo that the Paflage is very dangerous. ‘And full as troublefom, if not aleogethet impoflible, would the Journey be -by Land; becaufe the Earth lies fo thick ¢over’d with Ice and Snow, ofpsiaely ae Val. leys, that no Traveller isable to get through. - Moreover, that which Grotins {ays farther of the Fifhers which Gen difte- verd Eptoiiland,; is grounded on the Relation of the Venetian Knights, Nicholiss and Marcus Zeno, two Brothers. Anno 1380. Nicholas Zeno fufter’d Shipwrack on the Friezland Coaft ; Marcus inform’d thereof, feer’d his Courfe thither : fourteen years they fpent before they came to Bffotiland: at laft they return -d again to Friezland, where Nicholas died : But Marcus returning-home publith’d Relatio Mare. Zennis’ his Fournal ; whereitihe relates, That Effotiland is above a thoufand Leagues The Ameriecan Tongue is nothing like the Mor- wegian. diftant from Friezland, and was difcover'd by Friezland Fifher-men that were driven thither by Storm. But he hath fet down many things that have little refernblance of truth,according to what is fince found by credible eer en Ste and therefore we cannot depend on Zeno’s Difcovery. John de Lact accounts it a great miftake in Grotius, that as a ecftimersy of the Americans original out of Norway, he compares their Languages. He reckons up fome Placesto be Notthward of Panama, which end their words owith the fyllable Lan in ftead of Land, becaufe the Spaniards have left out ‘the Letter D ‘attheend thereof. Itiscertain, that in the Northern America lie Cimathen! (vatlan, Guefcolan, Artlan , Quaxutatlan, Teatlan, Iapatlan, Cinacatlan, Tenachitlan (omitlan, Metzitlan, Guatitlan, Necotitlan, Curcatatlan. Befides, that moftof thefe - Names are not of Countreys, but of Towns and Villages, and therefore ho ways fitting to have the termination of Land: and it is well known that mas , ~ ny Chap. JI. AMERIC YL. ny American words end with Lan, which fignifie nothing lefs than Land: for the Mexicans fay Puertatitlan, which fignifies At the Gate below ; Ochachitlantzitlan, | Yet lower ;. Tenoxtitlan, (this City is alfo call’d from her Founder Mexis, Mexico) that is, Refts on a Rock. Moreover, it may not without reafon feem ftrange to any, thatthe Northern Americans have remembred but three Cities out of all the Teutonick Tongue, viz. Lan in ftead Land. | | Concerning Groenland, through which the Norwegians are thought to have | Sirnlad when difto travell’d to America, Lyfander witnefleth, That it was accidentally difcover’d serm. 3. antig. Daxic: by one Eric Rander, Anno 987. and planted thirteen years after. Olaus, King of Norway, plac’d two Bifhops over the new Inhabitants, as Sub- ftitutes to the Archbifhop of Dronthen. For four Ages they Sail’d frequently to Groenland', but fince their King was impoverifh’d by War, they left off that Trade. We find not in any Author, that the Norwegians which liv’d along the Sea+ fhore, ever went to feek a2 Way over the inacceflible Snowy Mountains of Groenland, to this our New World. Befides, Grotius ftands for the Norwegians as Planters, upon teftimony of the Mexicans themfelves, who told the Spaniards, That their Anceftors which plant- ed there came from the North, firft fetling themfelves on Effotiland, where to this day there are not improbable proofs by feveral remarks, that they were a Norwegian Colony. eo In the American City Norumbega, live a People that fpeak the fame Language, Migpen ppeeboor ia and obferve the fame Cuftoms with the Mexicans. America, | In this by-Corner are found alfo fome Alavards, or Longobards, or Lombards, as they fay. Now the Spaniards call that New Mexico becaufe laft difcover'd, though indeed the old, cramm’d with People eight hundred years fince: for the Mexicans of New Mexico do not lie fo far Northerly, as to the North-weft : for this Mexico lie’ in fight of California, which is believ'd to border on Tartary, or at leaft feparated from it by a narrow Channel. But Nornmbega ( if ever fuch 2 Place was) muft, according to the We/t-Indian Records, have been fituate where a part of New France lies, now planted by the Englifh : between which and New Mexico lies an almoft unmeafurable vaft Traé& of Land. Mean while here is not the leaft fign of this City Norumbega to be found: neither do the In- habitants dwell in Cities, but live in Tents, or moveable Villages, which change their Names as oft as their Governors. Moreover, the Norwegians could not get to this Norumbega by Land through Yjland and Groenland to Effotiland, ° becaufe of the vaft Bays, and great Midland-Sea, difcover’d by the Englifh in their North-weftern Difcoveries; fo that leaving E/totiland, it was altogether impoflible for them to come to Norumbega. - Hereto may be added what the Mexicans fay. of themfelves, who acknow- ledge, That travelling ftom the North, they did not find an un-inhabited Countrey before them, but were forc’d to make their Way by a long and bloody War with the Chichimecen, a falvage People, that knew neither Laws or ciictiinecen’ Religion. : | “The People alfo dwelling oppofite to California, differ from the Cuftoms of the Mexicans, being divided into fevetal People of contrary Conftitutions, and as different Languages. peek Grotius {cruies up his Afguments from the likenefs of the American Speech and _cattoms and Confitu- Cuftoms with the Norwegian : for (fayshe) there is little difference between “™ = ~ Pagod and by-God, or like God ; Guaira and Waeijer, that is, A Fan; Hama and Lam, ; | in i v7 Thefe Allegations, to.make the Norwegians to bethe Parents of the Nor- thern Americans, John de Laet thus contradié&s: * It no ways follows that one “ People take original from the other, becaufe here and there are feveral words “found; that have the fame fignification and found in divers Countreys. “much lefs when they muft either add, change, or diminifh {everal Letters, “* Moreover, there'is no fmall miftake in the conipar'd words: for Pagod is *€ not usd -all over America ; the Baft-Indians about,.ché River Indus, call theit “ Lartary, Formofa, Corea, and the vaft and Mountainous Countrey or Defart of Jeffo, fepa rated from Fapan by the Straights of Sungar; though toward the North, it joyns to Japan in the Province of Ochio; and beginning in forty feven degrees,. run North-Eaft towards America, but they could not pofible find the Straights of Anian ; but on the contrary, the Promontory of Tartary, viz. the Province Ka- taya or Katui lay in the fame parallel with the Northern America. - ant Hereto may -be added, that 4fia hath no Territory any where, which may more eafily with numerous Colonies fupply America than this part of Tartary,as well for the vaftnefs of the Countrey, to which no other can compare, as for - the increafing of the Inhabitants: Who doth not admire, that according to Michalon Lithouwer, there is {carce a City in Tartary that boafted lefs than a thou- fand ‘Temples ? and to fee Canguifta firft King of Tartary, about the Year 1200. in Arms; and his Succeffor Hoccata following his Fathers bloody Footfteps, whilft he prepar’d his Sons with three vaft Armies? The eldeft Son, Fachis, March’d Weftward with thirty thoufand Horfe ; Batho drew with as great an Army towards the North; ‘Tagladais being the youngeft fell into the Moores Countrey above’Egypt. Hoccata himfelf March’d victorioufly into the North America, {ubdu’d great part of the Perfian Kingdom, and beat the Turks, led by the General Goniata with a great Army, Anno 1241. as Facob Planenfis and Benes diétws Sarmata, two Monks, fent by Pope Innocent to Hoccata, witnefs : The great number of the Tartars or Scythians , may appear by the feveral people, {pread far and néar over Tartary; Pliny reckons fome of them, viz, Auchetes, Neuri, Ge- loni, Thuffagetes, Budini, Bafilides, Agathyrfi, Nomades, Anthropophagi, Elyperborei, Arimphei, Cimmerij, Cicianthi, Georgi, Sacores, and others : What number would the Inhabitants make up that live in America; in Teneneuf, Virginia, Florida, New Spain, Guadalaiara, Guatemala, Terra firma, New Granada, Peru, Chili, Rio de la Plata, Brafil, Guaiana, New Andaluzai ? | | It will be worth our time, to compare the likenefs between the Scythians and Northern Americans; both of them are differenced with {pecial Marks of a more than ordinary and natural diftance between the Eyes, which much alters the whole Air of the Face, and the plumpnefs and {welling of their Cheeks fum- mits Chap. II. | ARIE BAG A So = ie 4X mits above the Cheek-bone; moft of thefé are‘of 2 middle ftature, having downy Hair upon their Chin, like the Callow Feathers of an unfledo’d Bird. Laftly, as the Tartars, they differ amongft themfelves in their Cuftoms,. yét-in feveral things-they-agree one with another , according as they are govern’d by others, and yet other Princes, -fome powerful,-and fome weaker, according as every ones power be more or lef’. The Inhabicants of Lucaja bear fo'great a refpect, and-ftand fo'much in awe of their Governor , that if commanded to leap from a Rock, and break their Nécks, they inftantly obey. - eer Thefame is obferv’d by the Turtars: the fir King Canguifta Commanded the feven Princes offhisRealmto ‘Murder theit Sons with their own Hands, which they all readily perforth’dy? 20° - : 99: XUShO “tet _ In Popaina they live to this day like “fome’Tartars 5 without Laws or'Law- — eintiturions of the rar givers, who change their places by turns, from’ the great! increa(e of the Tape On en ee tars, the Americans no ways differ. : . : Bartholomens de las Cafas writ to Charles the Fifth, That the Spanidrds in few years, onely on the Iflands Cuba} Fiifpaniola, Naco, Honduves; in Venexuéla and New Spain, deftroy’d above 2600000. Men, befides the flaughter that was made — in Peru, Brafil, Rio de la‘Plata and other places; which far exceed the foremen- tion’d numbers. | } | Hn! Polygamy is fill in'ufe ;* both among’ the Tartars and Americans» both ace knowledge the Immortality of the Soul, both like Cannibals, Eating and Sacri- ficing Mans flefh. How: famous amongft the, Antients was the Altar of Diana in Laurica’ (herfone{uss, where feveral Men wete daily Sacrificed ? How. deli- cate, according to Sabellitus, did the Tartars account their Difhes , Sauc’d and ferv'd with humane Gore ? > | y 28s hte Strabo relates, That the antient Pedple account itan honourable Death to be — cugr.1 I1.q+ 76 chop'd in pieces, and their Aeth ferv’d up in Commons.’ ‘Thofe that die'by Age, a natural death, are defpis'd like Malefaétors, and a8 a punifhment ac- cording to their Demerits, left in the open Fields, a prey to Birds and Beatfts , fome delight in that loathiome gorging themfelves with Mens fleth, others on the contrary, ‘not onely deteft humane, but all manner of fefh! And juft fo the Americans are diftinguifh’d ; for although the Caribes, Brafilians, the Inhabi- tants of New Spain, New'Granada, St. Martha, and others, Sacrifice and eat Men, yet as many ablior and deteft that odiotis Diet and abominable Cuftom. Giles Flefher Queen Elifabeths Agent in Mu/cow relates, That Anno 1588. Kinach Morfey, Gtandfon to the Governor of the Chrim Fartars, made his entrance there with a Retinue of three hundred Noblemen, and two Ladies,-of which one was the Widow of his deceafed Brother. The great Prince inform’'d of*their com- ing, fent him two flaughter’d Horfes, whofe fides and Hanches they feafted on, . as we on Fallow Deer. | Moft of the Tartars ufe no manner of Letters or Charaéters ; in the Voyage made into Perfia, they firft learn’d to make Letters; juft fo it is im America; their bemoaning of the dead ends in one Moneth, both by the Tartars and Ame- ricans; with a Perfon of Quality ,/the Tartars bury a live Servant, the fame Cuftom is obfery’d by fome of the Americans. and fo much do they agree in a falvage and rude life, that Merchandizing and Mechanicks are litele regarded., Ayfon the American acknowledges the Tartars for a tude People in their Religion, Habits, and Dwellings, and yer in all thefe the Americans differ but very little. : Laftly, How common is it among{t them to worfhip the Devil? Along the», Devi-worthip in Ames River Sagadahoc, the Inhabitants are cvery new Moon miferably tormented by | G an ~ Tartarian Horles, . eA MERIC A. Chap. I. an Evil Spirit call’d Tanto. In-the Temples in Kircioka remain yet the horrible Images of the Devils Oka and Menetto. Nota Houle in Mexico, but hath a pe- culiar-Chappel, fet apart for this their {uppos’d holy, but damnable Adoration of the Devil. Others in Virginia believe, That there isa great and fupreme De- ity, which is Everlafting, and for ever. The Tartars alfo, are of the like pere {wafion. But this Opinion Grotius bath laid: a 4 ftrong and: dengarsv Battery againtt; that America could not be Peopled by the Tartars, becaufe the Americans before the Spaniards coming thither,had never feen any Horfes, whereas the Tartars ule | no Beaftmore, either .in. Peace or Wat, nor can lefs want: For. the Tartariak Forces do not only confift in Horfe; but the Wealeh of this Countrey is reckan‘d up in the numerous. Breeds, ‘af Horfes, and feveral Studs of Mares. Some of the Noblefs keep a,thonfand Horfe; none, though never fo poor; but keep two or three; and Beggars there heiested crave Alms and Charity: of the People. When they remove their Habitations, their Horfes carry their Provifions and, Tents: If Proyifions, grow fhort, they eat Mares Milk, high — gufted, with Garlick, which fatisfies Hunger and Thirkt ; and the red Liquor. which they tap warm, from their Veins, ferves them to help Digeftion, and heighten their Humor, inftead of the Blood of the Grape, our {weet Wine. The fwifteft Rivers, hough raging and precipitated with Land- floods, they dare adventure fwimming theit Horfes over, hanging naked by theit Manes, and guiding them by a flipp’d Rein whither choy pleafe ; To their Tails they tie their Saddles, and other Neceffaries, bound up. in Rufhes., When a Per- fon of Quality prepares to crofs any Riverj they tie. two Horfes Tail to Tail, | and athwart both their Backs faften a Mat pleited of Rufhes, to fiton. When they are ftopp’d at any broad River, or ftanding Lake, they killand flea their ~ wort Horfes; then turning the» Skins infide out, andi well. Liquoring, they ftretch them open withthe Ribs, which fland like the Bayles of a Tilted Wher-, ry, and thus furnifh’d, ferves therm for a Boat to carry eight Perfons. When they take the Field, going to War; not any but mufters three Horles , which makes their Armies, when drawn.out in Campain, fhéew much bigger than indeed they are: And though many of them are kill’d in the Wars, or flain for Food, ‘yer:the European Tartars pay yeatly forty thoufand Horfes tothe Ru/- fians; from whence Grotivus thus argues, “If America joyns to Tartary, then “ the Horfes which run wild at Grafs might eafily have found America them- <<‘ felves, feeking to improve their Pafture, and have gone from one Countrey “¢ into the other, as it appears, that fince ‘the Spaniards tran{ported Horfes to “¢ Americas they are difpers’d over the higheft Mountains, out of oneProvjnce “into the other : |Or if the Straights of Anian run between both, the Tartars “* never were Navigators ; and fuppole they: had been, they would not have *¢ crof{s’d without Horfes, without which they knew not how to fubfift. To which: we only fay hus, That although Tartary now, and in former times, abounded in Horfe, yet mutt we grant, that it hath been always fo? or that: the ancient Scythians, who we avouch firft planted America, had fuch frequent wfe of them asthe Tartars now. This may be controverted, for that thefe Scythians planting thete in the Non-age of Time, prefently 2 fuk the Flood, the ufe of Horfes was unknown, which the Ancient Poets teftifie by their Fi- étion of Centaurs, who when fir feen, the Horfe and Rider were taken for one Creature. The like miftake the Mexicans had, when they faw the mount- ed A Shanes ds,a thoufand running away from one Gayalier. Ns . Chap. Ili AMERICA Asto their coming thither of themfelves, ic may eafily be.confuted: Whe knows not, that there is no Countrey a continu’d Pafture, but luxurious Vales feparated with inacceflible Monntains, Lakes, and valt Wilderneffes. But Da- vid Ingram relates, ‘‘ That he faw fome Horfes in the Northern America, which “ the Mexicans, and other Conguefts of the Spaniards never heard of : -Where- upon we may conclude, and we fuppofe without all peradventure, That the Americans have absolutely their Original from Tartary, which bordering Jrme- nia, where Noah's Ark firft refted, hath a convenient way, though beyond the Artick Circle, through a temperate Climate betwixt Heat and Cold, to Cathay,in the fame Parallel with the neighboring. America. , » Bea SR RCE ae i Se ; SRS OSE SSeS i Sie Si Se aS SSR eS S'S Se Si ie ee CHAP. TIL. Firf Difcoverers of America. . Chriftopher Colonus ©. sah bis. Expedition. Sea : 43 ‘Pet Bizar? Res Genoen, born in Arbixolo, a; Village in the Dominion of Genoa, near Savona : his cr een Golowns:s otnerally (though. by miftake) call’d Columibird tas ' Father liv’d by Fifhing,in the Midland-Sea : So that Sebaftian Schroter, and others: befides him, are miftaken, faying, Colonus was born in the City Cucts reum, and defcended of the Noble Family Piliftrelli ; For Peter, Bezarus; Colonus his Countreyeman; gives unqueftionable Proofs of his mean Extract; and amongftxother things, That the Common-wealth of Genoa refus’d to:receive the great Legacy which Colonus. left them in his Will, becaufe, they fondly thought ita derogation to theit Honor, being fo great,a Republick, to take any thing of Bequeft from a Fifhers.Son ; Yet his Majelty of. Caftile thought otherwife,»not| onely enriching him with Wealth, and a fair Revenue for his Difcovery of the We/t-Indies ; but alfo, though of a low derivation, rais'd him ~ to great Honor, Ennobling him the firft of his Family with Dignities, Titles, and Efcutcheon,, which rank’d him in place among his Prime Nobility, Colonius, whom we fhall henceforth call Columbus, {pent his. Youth near the Sea, where -he was bufie exploring the Winds, confidering their Natures, and . the Quatters whence they rofe, efpecially with the fetting of the Current from the Atlantick to the Mediterrane.. The Weftern, Winds, which often, as well as the | Levant; blow feveral days together from the great Ocean, ‘much amufing him, hinted atlaftfome Notions, that there might be another World, and new Pla- ces to be difcover’dyibeyond the fetting of the Sun; and that the Ne plus altra fhould not be,-if he could-help ir, the commanding Terminary of the Earth thatiway.\Heiallo {pent mutch time, being of a folid Judgment; in the Emen- dationsf Charts and Maps, then very muchim provable >. And the Portuguefe, who at=that time had gor the ftart in Navigation from all other People, being then bufie:to finda way by the South of Africa to the Fajt-Indies, not contented to goby hear-fay, he went himfelf in Perfon a Voyage with them. Soon afs ter Columbus fettled himfelf in the Mland Madera, where an Accident hapned, which Francis Lopex, de. Gome/a relaces thus: «« The. Mafter of.a Ship,whole ?*™ “« Name and Countrey lies buried in Oblivion (though fome would have him “tobe of Spain, fome an Andalifian or Bifeayner and, others a Portuguele) Tra- “ ding to the Canaries and Flemmifh-l/les , was. farptis’d by; ahideous Tempeft G 2 “© from Lib. 11, Hil, Georg, Cn iPoph, Colonus’s Birth, Hig Life; Strange Acciden:, f. Makes his Addrefs at Genoa, To the Portuguele, And Caftitian King, con- eerning a New World. Sails from Cadiz to dif cover New Countreys. AMERICA. Chap. Tf “ from the Eaft, which hurried him nolens yolens through dreadful Waves, « where at laft he found himfelf ingag'd upon a Weftern Coaft altogether un- ‘known. The Storm ceafing, without making further Dilcoveries, he pick’d “‘ his way homeward, at Jaft Landing in the Haven of Madera: All his Crew ‘but three and him(elf, with hardfhip, want, and the long Voyage having pe- « rith’d, himfelf dangeroufly fick, was carried into Columbus his Houfe ; where rf lying on his Death-Bed, he bequeath’d to Columbus his Maps, Journals, and “ other Obfervations of this his unfortunate Voyage. Columbus being by thefe Papers more confirm’d than ever in his Opinion of a New World in the Weft, declar’d what he verily believ’d, to the States of Genoa’, but they look’d upon him asa vain and idle Fellow ; yet Columbus full of his great Project, thus flighted and fcornfully rejected, fate not fo down, butaddrefs'd himfelf to the King of Portugal, where they wearied him, {pending long time with dila- tory Anfwers, to no effe& ; the Opinion of a whole Court of expert Naviga- tors having caft his Declaration out, asa Chimera ox meer Fancy. Soon after Columbus fending his Brother into England, to move the Bufinels to King Henry the Seventh, he being taken Prifoner by the way, and lying long er’e his Re- leafe, came too late to the Englifh Court, prevented by the News of Chriftopber’s return with Succefs from his intended Voyage : For mean while Ferdinando and J/abella King of (aftile, having finifh’d his Wars with the Moors, had fur- nifh’d him out for the Expedition ; “which he effected by the favor of Alfonfo Mendotio and Alfonfo Quintavilia, both great Minifters of State under Ferdinand and J/abél, and obtain’d fo much at laft, that he was fent with a hundred and twenty Souldiers, befides Sea-men, in two Ships, and one Pinnace. Thus fup> plied, he'fet Sail from Cadiz ‘upon the Kings account the fourth of . dugu/t, Anno 1492, and firft reach’d ‘the CanaryzIflands , and front thence fteering South-Weft, thé Wind in thirty three days f{carce varying one Point: But His People rebel. * Difcove's Hifpaniola. though the Weather blew fo conftant, yet the’ Seaemen chang’d their Minds, and Stormi’d quite ‘contrary, crying, That Columbus was guilty of all their Deaths: For (faid they, after they had loft fight of the Canaries {o many days, nothing appearing but Sea and Sky) Who can hope for any Succefs or bappy conclufton of fo defperate a Voyage, fo rafhly undertaken, and found now [0 full of emiment danger 2 Yet (columbus bore bravely up, and weather’d all their Exclamations, although they thteatned ‘no lefs than his Murder : At Jaft Articling, they came to this Agreement, That if after failing forwards three days more, no Land were difcover'd; they fhonld return: But about two a Clock the next Nighit, Columbus faw a glims mering like Fire in the Sky, and in the Morning found himfelf clofe aboard a'moft ‘pleafant’ Coaft, where Landing with twelve’ Men, he ereéted'a Crofs cut out of a Tree: Thence he fail’d over to Cuba, where the Seaiwas fo rough, that he was fore’d to ftand off, fearing Rocks and Shallow Water. Soon after he got to the Northward of the Ifland Haytm, which he call’d Hii/paniola : Here his beft Ship was bulged upon a Rock, on which they: had all perifh’d; had it riot beeit'fat on thetop, fo that the Soldiers and the whole Crew of Sea-men were fav'd by the two Veffels. The Inhabicants flark naked, feeing thefe trangers, fled to the Woods ; but the Spaniards overtaking a Woman,they en- _ tertain’d her with Sweetemeats and Spanifh Wine, and putting heron a white Shirt, fent her again to the reft of the Natives, where return’d, fhe told what Trades with the Natives, good Entertainment fhe had had to her Companions ; whereupon divers of the Iflanders came aboard of the Spaniards, in Boats made of one piece of Wood, where they barter'd Gold for Beads, pices of Glafs, Knives, Shells, and Chap. Il. $§$ AMERICA. and other Trifles. The King of Guaccanarillo gave teftimony of peculiar incli- nation to the Spaniardy, helping them to Fifh up the remaining Goods~of the Wreck, and inform’d them, That fome Rivers flowing from the tops of high Mountains, wafh’d down the Gold amongft the Sands notwithftanding a ftrange Prophecy had been told to thefe Iflanders, namely, That Bearded Men out ir remote Countries fhould deftroy their Goods, take their Land,and maffacre their Chil- dren. He alfo told them what made them fly, and Bivake them to their Heels at thearrival of the Spaniards, becaufe they were oftentimes furpris’d by the (annibals, who {natch’d up all they could lay hold on : Their Boys and Strip- lings they gelded, cooping and cramming themup, as we our Capons, for Feafts : The young and well-grown Men they chopp’d to pieces, falted, and Barrel’d up : Young Women they preferv’d for breed, and old ones they: made Slaves. Thele Cannibals were fo terrible to the Inhabitants of Haytin, that a thoufand of them durft not venture to engage againft ten, but’ would run eve. ry way, difpers’d like Flocks of Sheep before the Wolf. Laftly, Their King permitted the Spaniards to build a Lodge or Hovel, wherein thirty or forty of them might fhelter, but indeed fo taking poffeffion in right of the King of Spain. Meanwhile Columbus retuirn’d in fafery to Spain, and was receiv’d with great joy, King Ferdinand making him Admiral of the Sea, and fending his Brother Bartholomew Governor to Haytin, now call’d Hifpaniolas. The Gold, Parrots, Mattick, Aloes, the ftrange Bread Fucca, whofe extracted Juyce is sank Puyfoli, but the Body fakes good Meal, which kneaded and bak’d, yields a fine Man- chet and wholefom Food, they look’d upon with great delight and admirati- on; but two of the Waiuss being naked, with Gold Rings through their No- fes and Ears, Ornaments with them of high: efteem, and fignifying their no mean Quality, the People old and young came in Throngs to wonder at, ne-. ver weary of gazing uponthem. But the King, encourag’d by this Succefs, took no dilatory Courfe, but fuddenly, and before any could expect, buite fourteen ftout Carvels, and three Frigats, and as foon mann’d them with twelve hundred Bialdlic te, befides a great number of Artificers of all forts, with their Wives and Children; freighting them with Horfes, Swine, Goats, Cattel for Breed, all forts of European Corn to fow, Fruit-Trees and Vines to plant, and fome Priefts toinftrua& and convert the Natives'to their Religion: The fecond of September, Anno 14.93. they fer fail from Cadiz, and Anchor’d before Ferreo, the laft and furtheft-of the Canary-Iflands, where they could get ne Water, hae what dropp'd from the Dew hanging on Trees into Troughs. After thaty. Columbus came on the one and twentieth day amongft the Caribby- Iflands, where he dropp’d Anchor before one, which he call’d Dominico ; but finding ic defolatep fet fail further, and difcover’d feveral other Coafts, whiére he likewife found nothing but very great Porcupines or Hedg-hogs, and {weet- {melling Trees. Steering forward, he found the Coafts of the Cannibals, which inhabited: along the Shore in little Huts or Hovels, built round of Wood, and ftak’d about on the out-fide with long Poles, like Palifado’s: They have alfo Pofts within, which are fhorter, pleiced and faftned together with Cot- ton, orlong Roots of Trees, plyant like our Ofiars, over which they hang Cloths painted with horrible Figuresand ftrange Reprefentations : The Roofs rife like our Canopy’d Tents, bigheht i in the middle, cover’d with Palm-Tree Leaves to kecp off the Rain: At the Entrances hang two Hairy Images on Poles, not for Religion fake, but Ornament: Their Bed-fteads being high from ay Returns to Spain, Is highly honor’d, Goes with feyenteen Sail a fecond time to Hifpaniota The Barbadoes, Ss. Chris foplers, Se, The Huts of the Cannibals, A MERIC. Chap. HT) from the Ground, are fill'd with a kind of Straw; and in long Hovels ficted for that purpofe they ftore their Sugar. | | Columbus landing here, found all the Cannibals fled, but their Houfes full df Stone Veflels, Cruifes, Pans, and Pots, boyling with Mens Flefh, Parrots, anf Wild-foul’; the Hanches and Sides of young Men, on Spits roafting at the Fire, with the Splinters of whofe broken Bones they headed their Arrows. Ifland Guadalupe, This Iland by the Inhabitants. call’d (arucueria, Columbus chang’d to Guadalupe, - . becaufe the Mountains rife up with their tops not unlike Eftremadura in Spain, famous there for the wonderful Reprefentation of our Lady, as that of the Lady of Loretto in: Italy. Thirty Women which he had taken from the neighs boring Ifles, he fent with Prefents to the fled Canibals, which the next day re- turning, made a great appearance near the;Shore, but when they had gaz’da while upon the Spaniards, looking ftedfaftly on one another, they fuddenly ran back again, fheltring themfelves in the Covert of the Woods. Columbus think= ing it not worth his while to expeé their return, feeing their barbarous Life, burnt: and deftroy’d all their Boats, and fpoiling whatever he could, fail’d to Matanino. i Strange Womeh invtae . ‘Lhe releas’*d Women in Guadalupe, that came back again, inform’d the Spani- vee ards, That Matanino wasan Ifle onely inhabited by Women,which at accuftom’d times row’d over to thefe Cannibals, where a while they drove a Trade and Commerce of Love, the Produét of which, if Girls, they kept ; but the Boys they fent over to their Fathers. They live in Caves, the Mouths and Entrancés of which they maintain and ftoutly make good with: their Bowe, fhooting Arrows as thick as Hail at the approach of Men, after their impregnating by the Camiibals. | From hence the Fleet pafs’d by feveral other fruitful Mands, Columbus giving them the Names of Mont/eratto, Rodondo, St. Martin, Santa (ruz formerly by the Inhabitants call’d yaya. On this laft Ifland he landed thirty Men; who took four Women, which held out their Hands before them, as if Petitioners that bege’d Quarter, or praying, and then conceal’d themfelves in Ambufcade, the better to furprize more; when by chance they {pied “ah Indian Canoo at Sea, _,_ Remarkable Paflage of (with eight Men, and as many Women; whereupon thofe in Ambufcade Vena made a Signal to the next Ship, which immediately fent off fome Boats well Mann’d.; but before they drew nearthem, ot expected an On-fet,'one of the Spaniards was kill’d,and another wounded with their, Arrows ; amongft whom a Woman, to whom all the reft fhew’d greateft Refpect and Reverence, aim’d very exactly. Their barbed Shafts were poyfon’d ;- whereupon the Spaniards enrag’d, ftemm’d the,(anoo, and overfetting, row’d quite over ;. which little’or nothing avail’d . | for they all {wam, and though feparated, fhot their Arrows at them, as if the Boat had been a But....Ar. laft the Indians.got upon a blind Rock, ‘cover’d with Shole Water, which gave them frefh Courage ; but the Spaniards having more aid {ent them from the Fleet, took them all Prifoners ; but, the Queens Son being wounded.in the Scuffle; and dying foon after, was Syed of the Iie thrown overboard. The Prifoners being brought before Columbus; foam’d at the Mouth for raging madnefs; and being afterwards carried to Caftile, fo ree tain’d their fierce and falvage Nature, that they {car’d away and frighted the fafe Beholders, : : | Mean while the Spanifh Fleet proceeded on their Voyage, between feveral Iflands, to Hifpaniola, of which fome appear defolate and barren, others green and Woody ; the fmall Veflels failing clofe underthe Shore, and the great ones ftanding Chap. ll. a) AMERICA i ogee ftanding further off at Sea, which was very turbulent, and beat ekecedisiply againtt chic Shole Rocks. The Ifland Burichema, Columba call’d St. Johns, to which belong’d fome of the Women fent forth in Guadalupe,’ who inform’d them, That Burichema was well inhabited by a kind and hofpitable People; ‘ who when the Camibals landed there fought them, and if Conquerors, were fo much exafperated with their inhumane Barberifme, that they leiz’d on them like Maftiffs open-mouth’ d, and tore them piece- biel with their Teeth ; yet themfelves abhorring the Cuftom of eating Mens Fleth. Here the Sigsiay ds found onely a large Houfe, furrounded with twelve leffer ones, all deferted ; for the Inhabitants .with their King Chiafichio,were then. retir ‘into die cool and more fheltring Woods, from the mid-day Heat. ‘All this the Indians told him, which he brought back withhim from Spain. Coming to an Anchor at Hifpaniola, -he fent one of the Indians afhore, that he might tell what brave Pe comes to BB: things he had feen in the’ Spanifh Court ; but che remaining three took the ad- vantage of the following Night, and Jeaping over-board,fwam to Shore. But this Accident he not much-regarded, trufting to have a fufhicient Account from his eight and thirty Spaniards which he had left in the Fort upon theIfland ; and the more, becaufe King Guaccanarillo’s brother, in fign of Friendthi Ps had prefented him withtwo Golden Images: But all thele Conjectures fail’d him, fo that hearing nothing, he landed, where he found the Spani(h Stonomntell meme tie Y peeleeeene deftroy’d, and the Royal Fort Yugnt downto the Ground, and lying ina heap of Afhes. Then they fired feveral Guns, to give notice, that if any of them had conceal’d themfelves, and lay sculking in the Woods, or otherwife, they fhould difcover themfelves, and come to the fuccour of their Friends ;, But all invain, for none came ;- for as they were afterwards inforin’d, the Inhabitants had flain them, becaufe of their infupportable behavior, infolently commit- ting Robberies, Rapes, and Murders : Hereupon he fent Meflengers to the King Guaccanarillo, to inquire why they had fired his Fort, -and what they had done with his ‘Men, who brought him this Retura, That over that mighty Ifland were many Princes, of which two being provok’d by the reports of the’ | Strangers that were entertain’d in the Mland, came marching upon them, each with their Armies; but that he endeavor'd what he could, and came with a Power, to, affift the Strangers ; yet all he got for his Kindnefs, was a Wound in his Leg, which had been fo fore and troublefom, that fore’d him to keep his Bed, and;tio lefs than feven Concubines to. attend him, and drefs the Wound: But he told his Fale fo ill, and feign’d his Lamenefs worfe, that Sibilims, one of the Meflengers fent by Canthied, lifting up the Coverlet, faw that hie: ail’d nothing; which foon. confirm’d bis doubt, that he was gonfederated with the reft, and alike guilty of the Slaughter. At laft Guaccanarillo being defir’ d, came in Rein to Columbus, in whofe prefence. he held’a long Difcourfe oaith aty Ita. « His Ditcourfe with ee - “dian Woman), which they had brought from the Ifland of Scnta Gu%, there “""™"™ Chriftned by the Name of Catharine: At length Guaccanarillo was difmils’d, and the Night following this Catharine, with feven more of the Indian Women, leap’d over-board, and {wom almoft a League to Shore, fo.going thence di- rectly to their King Guaccanarillo. This Accident gave more {ufpicion to Co- lumbus, who-thereupon fent three hundred Men, commanded by Melchior, Hie eda, and Gorvalano, to march through the Ifland three feveral ways, and with Gecial Commiffion to fecure as their Prifoner Guaccananillo. Melchior difcover'd _ awide River, full of Reaches and winding Bays, gliding between high Hills coverd with Woods, refounding with the ecchoing noifes of harmonious Birds, | AMERICA. Chap. HE Birds, and difemboguing his’ Waters, enlarg’d by two other Rivers, into the Sea, fo making a convenient Harbor for Ships. Here a hundred of the Hland- cts, well Arm’d after their manner, met them, crying aloud, We are no Cannis bals, but Taynos, that is, a People more civil than they are cruel. The Spaniards ma- king Signs of Peace, the Taynos approach’d; and joyn'd their Forces ina friend+ _ ly manner. Neat the, place of this Meeting appear’d a Houfe buile in an Oval’ fafhion, being thirty two Paces in the Circumference, the Roof curioufly- pleited of divers colour’d Rufhes,round about which ‘ftood thirty leffer Dwel- lings. Mean while; in his Match Hoieda difcover'd'a River that defcended from a high Mountain, where the Inhabitants gather’d much Gold after this Strange gathering of Gold. manner: They dig a Hole about two Foot deep ; then taking up their left Hand full of Sand, with their right Hand they cull out the precious Ingots, which little accounting of; as they gather’d, they dealt away to the Spaniards. Moft of ‘the Pieces were as big as Peafe, yet fome fo large} that they weigh’d Duast. Deora.) nine Ounces. Peter Martyr, Councellor to the Emperor Charles, tells us; That? he hath feen of them in the Spanifh Court, that were brought over thither by Columbus. ‘Moreover, Hoieda was inform’d hete, That'this Gold-Rivér took its Original in the Province belonging to (acicus Caunaboa, fignifying, The King’ of the Golden Palace. Rit , 2 8 as ] t Mean time Columbus fele&ted a piéce of Ground on a rifing Hill; on the North part of the Ifle, where he intended to build a City; becaufe clofe by the Hill‘on one fide rifes a Mountain, pregnant with Stone and Chalk ; on thé other, a Plain, fo exceeding fruitful and pleafant, that the Sun {carce fhines upon a more delightful and fertile Soil, which they found afterwards by ex-. perience. Here Melons are fet and ripe in thirty fix days; Corn, in two Months ; twicea Year the Trees and Plants bring forth their feveral Pro- ducts ; the Vines come to maturity, and are loaden with Clufters of Grapes, in’ two Year's, and Sugar-Canes grow as thick as a Mans Armin fifteen days. On this pleafant Soil, accommodated with a convenient Haven, Columbus afters - wards buile the City Ifabella, fortified with Wallsand Trenches againft all In- — vafions, over which he. made his Brother Bartholomew Columbus firft Governor. Mean while the Admiral Colambus himfelf march’d up into the Countrey with three hundred Men, in queft of the Gold Mines. Seventy two Leagues - the Valley Cibava lies diftant from Ifabela, to which Columbus pafs'd over fwift Currents and high Mountains, where he built a Fort, which he call’d St. Thos mas ; and exchang’d.with the Inhabitants Toys and Trifles, for Pieces and In- gots of Gold, which the Inhabitants, as before-mention’d, found in the Sand of their Rivers: And befides, they inform’d him, That about half a days Journey further, greater Quantities of Gold were to be found, ina browner colour’d Soil :, Whereupon Luxanus, one of his Officers, was fent with a fuf- ficient Party thither, who march’d through a delightful way, cool’ with fhady Boughs, and pleafant with the profpect of {pacious Meadows, where they mow’d Grafs for their Horfes, which in four days time grew up again higher than our talleft Wheat. air i eit Goes to Seato difeover. Meearrtime Columbus sbeing return’d with great Riches to his new City Tfabele new Coustreys. la, went foon after by Sea , with three Veffels, to difcover new Countreys more remote ; which his Defign fell out alfo fuccefsfully , for he fell firft up. on Jamaica, where he found more ftout Oppofition than elfewhere, by the Nae tives, athis Landing ; but finding themfelves over-powerd , they came to Agreement, and accepting an amicable Compofure, prefehtly {truck up a’ | Peace. Celumbns builds a City. Strange fruitfylnefs there. Chap, Hi. AMERICA, | 49 Peace. Fionn hea cmising to Bea, he next dilcover d Cuba, which failing round about, he found alfo tobe an Wand , where Landing in a convenient Harbor, on each fenc’d with a high and jutting Rock, he efpied two little Hos vels, sehecetp was abundance of Fifh, befides two great Snakes or Serpents, each having eight Feet, {pitted, and scidy to be laid to the Fire to be roafted ; but neither Man, Woman, nor Child .to be feen, they being gone with part of the Fith they had drefs'd, into the adjacent Woods; whither the Spaniards following, faw hanging by fmall Strings, on the Beaitchct of Trees, abundance of Snakes, fome of which had their Mouths tied together, others their Tongue and Teech pull’d out. Hence marching on, ja little beyond they faw a.Com- pany of the Natives,which they judg’d to im about feventy Men scovering the top or fummit of a Hill, to whom the. Spaniards made Signs , and to.entice them near, fhew’d feyeral of. their gawdy Trifles; butinvain, till at laft one adventur’ ddcheading from the Hill,to whom one of the Natives (who in the fir Voyage that the Admiral made, ,was taken fromthe Ifland. Guanabaini near Cuba, carried to Spain, and there Chriftned) call’d aloud, telling him they need not fear, they fhould.haveno harm,done, them which, faid, they came down all together, andiaform’d them, .That they Wesel fent by their King ‘to catch Fifh for another King swhich was with him at Dinner; and if they had hot €aten-the Serpents, they gavé'them) many thanks, for they were provided for the fecond Courles and very {carce to be gor, being 4 greater Dainty.than any Fith. - Columbus from hence} proceeding on further Weftward, difcoyer’d a fruite Ditcavers ot without fal. Goaft; verging the Mouth of a. River, whofe Water runs boyling hot into Rew couneae the Sea, ‘Goinewhat further he {aw very as Fifhes, e{pecially the Guaican, not unlike an Eel, but with an extraordinary great Head, over which hangs a Skin likea Bag. This Fifh isthe Natives Fifher ; for haying a Line ot hand- fom Cord faftned about him, fo foon asa Turtel, or any other of his Prey, comes above Water, they give him Line; whereupon the Guaican, like an Ar- H row eA MERICA. Chap. Il. row out of a Bowe, fhoots towards the other Fifth, and then gathering the Mouth of the Bag on his Head like a Purfe-net holds them fo falt, that he lets not loofe till hal’d up out of the Water. Here the Spaniards having Din’d on delicate Fifh, went on ftill Weltward, and came to an uninhabited Ifle, but well ftor’d with Geefe, Pelicans, and ugly Dogs that could not bark. Here they came amongft {o many Shoals, that the Keels of their Ships raked upon the Ground almoft forty Leagues together, the Water thick and white like Milk. Laftly,they came again into deep Water, and Landed at the Foot of a high Mountain, on the Ifland Cuba ; where Ais found two Springs of very {weet Water. A Mufqueteer : going inti the Woods whilft the reft fill’d their Veflels with Water and cut Wood, he {pied a tall Man in a Coat like a white Fryer’s Frock ; behind whom cametwo more, and foon after thirty more follow’d, all tile Habited : the Mufqueteer running away, they beckned him to ftay, but he march’d off ; and informing Colambue of his Adventure, he fenta Party well Arm’d to fee Farchers into the Countrey ; but they neither fay nor heard any Men, onely found on the other fide of the Wood a great Plain, but fo overgrown with deep Grafs, that it was impoffible to get through : The next day he {ent out twenty five more, which found no- thing elfe thanthe Prints of the Steps of great Beaftsand Lyons, and alfo abundance of large Grapes, which hung on the Branches of Vines, clafping about the Bodies of the great Trees. Hence’ (olumbus again ‘putting to Sea, and Sailing Wefterly, found a Shore overflow’d with Water, ‘and abounding with Pearl-Mufsles, and after that the whole Countrey full of Mountains, whofe tops fmoaked. By this time the Fleet was much damnified by the Shole«water,where, as we mention’d before, they often ftruck, and their Keéls rak’d upon the-Ground; fo that having {prung feveral Libaki: and their Provifions growing mouldy with the Damp, they were forc’d to return ; . and’ Packing: about they ran nagainit Purtles,which lay as thick in the Sea‘as if they had been fow’n. Columbus now on his retiirn'home; and: Landing once more on Cuba, found an antient Man ftark naked} who {peaking to him (Didacus USED ret, the Language i in fome part agreeing with that of Hi i[paniola) to this effegt: You'bave' to all admiration come to fee this Countrey from another World ; ‘my advice to ‘you is, That you hurt’ none, for'the' Souls of evil-doers' go to'dark places : But on ube cone trary, they fhall enjoy the heighth of all Plea/ures that are Friends:to Peace. ‘Coltimbus reply’ d, That he' came a Scourge for the cruel nnilaley, i a Shield to proted. the quiet and boli hie lind Indians: Great difturbance in + ) Eifpaniola, After this, returning to‘ Hispaniola,’ much contrary to’ his expectation, he foundvall-things which he had “fetled thére tutn’d topfie-turvy : for firft the ‘Govetnoys at Habel jangled,. and'were’at’private contentions amoneft them- felves, and the Benédiétine Monk ‘Boilus ‘and’ Peter Margarites were’ return’d to ‘Spain, ick to make'their coinplaints at Court: and befides,’ the’ Spaniards had dealt very inhumanely. with the Natives,by their frequent Rapes, Thefts, and Muirders ; wherefore the: Indians, not unjuftly incens'd, deftroy’d allithe Spania ards they found ftravling’ in any‘pare without the Lines of their Fortification. Canndbda: alfo lay’ about’ “ihe Foit St. Thomas, and clofely befi ieged Hoiedd’:. but receiving intelligence of Columbus’s arrivals hebroke up his Siege; anid aardh *d from there, but foon after was taken Priforier by the Spaniards.«. Mean while upon Défign (a Plot none.of the wifett) the Natives of Hijpaniola had neither Till’d or Sow’d the Ground; or'tis'd Agriculture the-year before, contriving by Chap. IIT. AMERICA. by want of Provifions (not confidering themfelves) to ftarve out the Spaniards : _ but the mifchief fell upon the Contrivers; for fo great a Famine hapned, that {preading over the whole Countrey, in a few Moneths fifty thoufand were ftarv'd to death ; but the Spaniards made a faving, though hard fhift with their own ftore, then, though too late, the Iflanders repented of their folly, for they {aw the Spaniards making an advantage of their mifery, not onely built more Houfes in their City Ifabella, but prepar’d their Weather-beaten Veflels, with which Sailing to the Gold Mountains of Cipangi on the Hill, whence {prung feveral Fountains, they rais’d the Caftle of the Conception. Great benefit they reap'd by this Fort, to which they carry’d daily abundance of Amber, Brim- ftone, mix’d Ore of Silver and Gold,and Brazile-wood, befides great ftore of Gold: and they might haye gotten ten times more,had they not been fo much inclin’d to flothfulnefs, and minding other vain pleafures : yet notwithftand- ing all, the Fleet carry’d that year above one thoufand two hundred pound weight of Gold to Spain. | | In the mean while the Natives complain’d to Columbus of the Spanifh Soldi- ers, which under pretence to {eek for Gold, committed many infufferable Out- rages ; therefore they defir’d that they might be retain’d in their Forts, and not ftraggle fo much abroad, and they would willingly bring them every three Moneths a certain weight of Cotton, Amber, Brazile-wood, and Gold, more than equivalent to what they fnatch’d’; but Columbus (whofe Soldiers, not- withftanding his feverity, and ufing Martial Law. upon fome of them for @heir Crimes, and proud with their fuccefs) yet prevail’d at laft, that they confented thereto ; but the Inhabitants never perform’d their promife, who being almoft famifh’d, had much to do to prefervethemfelves alive; {pending their time in picking Sallads. © Whilft the Bufinefs remain’d in this ill pofture, or rather confufion, Cibanus, Brother to the imprifon’d Caunaboa, rais’d an Army of five thoufand Men : the Spaniards, divided into five Companies, march’d to meet him ; and. their Enemies being naked, 'and having no other Arms than Bowes, Arrows; and Clubs, afterfome little refiftance, were foon diffipated and put to flight, but overtaken by the Spanifh Horfe, many of them were taken Prifoners, and others forc’d to skiilk and hide themfelves on the tops of Mountains. '® Shortly after this Battel hapned a Huricane, mix’d with Thunder-claps, fFenting great’ pieces from the Rocks, and the Wind blowing out of the Eaft, threw down Houfes and Trees, fome of which were catry’d a vaft heighth in- to the Air; three Ships that rode in the Harbor, broke their new Cables, and fplit.againft the Rocks: ‘The Spaniards expected noughr elfe, but that with this exceflive Tempeft the Day of Judgment’ was at hand. And’on the other fide, the Iflandets alctibed this raging of Heavens to the Spaniards wickednefs. This Storm paft,and the Air fetled Columbus gave order for thg building of two new Ships there, with which in March, Aino 1495. he retutn’d’ to Spain , where in Medina del Campo he gaye an account at the Court ‘about the difcover’d Coun- treys ; where alfo Sentence was pafs'd on feveral ‘Spaniards; and chiefly con- cerning the Benediétine Monk Boils, who out of meer malice pafs'd by him at Mafs with the Hoft, while he gave'it to others, without any diftindion. Then he gave a further account, that his Brother Bartholomew had found, fixty Leagues beyond Jfabella, {everal deep Pits, the uppermof Ground of which Sifted, produced abundance of Gold. “Moreover, that he had built the Cafle Aurea there in three Moneths time with little trouble : bit bedaufe Provifions Pe icy H 3 grew 51 Spaniards tyrannife there). Their Cor queft. Horible Tenipeft, A rematkable pa fage Concerning Bartholemie Columbus, r ”~ grew {carce there, he found himfelf necefGtated to remove, but left cen Menin the Garrifon, and had fent three hundred of the Iflanders with their Governory ° to Spain, He alfo built the Caftle Dominico, on the South-fide of Hispaniola from whence he had travell’d into the.Countrey to the River Naiba; where; upon this Shore the King Beuchio Anacauchoa Encamp’d himfelf againft, the Nai- bans, to bring them, befides feveral other People, under his fubjection. That Bartholomew demanded Tribute of Anacauchoa, which he immediately promis’d to pay, and disbanded his Forces, conducting Bartholomew above thirty, Leagues on his Way, along a Path on, both fides fown with Hemp, and planted with Bin seen of a Cotton-Trees, to his Palace Xaraqua, in the Weft of Eiispaniola, where he was a received in great ftate: Thirty of the Kings Wives walk’d before, carrying in their Hands Boughs of Palm-trees, and both Sung and Danc’d very ftrangely, 2 behind.thefe came-a confiderable number of naked Virgins, very handfom, at laft Bartholomew entring the Palace with, the King, found a Table furnifh'd with all manner of Dainties, and.avery courteous. Entertainment, The. next, day: walking forth.co a large Plain,and)looking about he faw two Parties that-deeps ly engag’d.in Fight behind a, Hill, with, great flaughter on both fides, and had nothe, defir’d that they might be parted,there had been much more Blood ‘fhed. After he had been feveral days friendly.entertain’d, he return’d, to- the Forts Hfabella; Sperancia, Catharina, St..Jago, Turrita, Conceptiony,amd Dominico ; where-he found above three hundred.Spaniards, ftarv'd of hunger, -befides many-that wete fick. | Par At ts He . At that time Guarionexius having been apprtelsd by-the Spaniards, and a long ‘time watching for an opportunity, now thinking he had foundpit,' rais’d.ag Army, of fifteen thoufand Mea, with which he.wasirefolv’d to try. his fortune againftiColumbus ; who privately receiving ,intelligence thereof, fell upon, hint fo ona fudden andwnexpectedly, that he fpoil’d his Defign; and, took-all his Commanders Prifoners: But to,obligetheImbabitants; who begg'd for their King, Columbusfet him at liberty, advifing him to be careful of raifing, a War | againft op TERCERA. 4 at. L- Te eee ee c 2 yea Doe ee ed =a gb Chap. If. AM EK Z. 53 againft himany more. .But he not being able to endure the oppreffions of _ Roldanus Ximenex, a Spanifh Commander, fled: to»the wild Ciquano’s, defcended from the Canibals; and living on fteep Mountains : Of thefe he defir’d° aid againft the Spaniards, and obtain’d not onely their Promife, but fome Men, with which he robb’d and pillag’d the Countrey round about, and what Spa- nidrds he met with he kill’d, and with:his Men did. eat, as if a° Venifon Feaft. Mean while Ximenez made himfelf Leader of feventy Rebels, which like raging blood-hounds fell upon the Natives after a terrible manner. ~ Whilft all things were thus in diforder .at Hispaniola; the Admiral Chriftopher gg thames Sail the third Columbus fet Sail a third time with eight Ships from the Haven Barrameda, in ~~ | the Year 1498. To fhun the French Pyrates, which watched for the Indian Treafures, he directed his Courfe to Madera, a fruitful Mand of Corn, W ine, Sugar, Wax, and Cattel, defolate till Amo 1420. Here coming to an Anchor, he fent fix Ships away to Aijpaniola; which himfelf afterwards followed with the remaining two, fteering by the Flemifh Mflands, or Acores, fitft fo call’d from the Flemings, the firft Planters : Here he dropt: Anchor before: the City Angra on the Mle Tercera, which is fixteen Leagues in circumference, and Vey _ Defcription of the City Mountainous; the tops whereof are like Spires; and abound with Grapes : the rik Plain Countrey produces great ftore of Corn,but it will not keep above twelve Moneths. The Ground is oftentimes terribly fhaken by Earthquakes, and between feveral fulphurous Places, both Flames and Smoak afcend up to the Sky. Near the City Angra is a Fountain which turns Wood into Stone. The Winds in this, Place blow fo fierce and ftrong, that they not onely beat down Houfes, but wear out Iron, and all manner of Stone-work. In Angra the chief Commander of all the Hlemifh Iles hath his'Refidence. The City, furround- ed by fteep Rocks, lies towards the Sea like a Crefeent, or HalfMoon ; for at both ends thereof the Mountains: extend «with deep: Points into. the Ocean. The uppermoft part towards they Weft ftands likewife fortifi’d by a high Rock, as alfoby another on: the Eaft:.on both are continual Watches kept, whereof thofe onthe firft can difcover Ships fifteen Leagues off at Sea, coming either from the Ea/t or Wef?-Indies =» and on the other, all thofe that come from Europe: When they fee above fifteen Sail, they put out the Kings great Flag upon thetop of all the Rock. | This City of Angrais divided into feveral Streets: the Governor and Arch- bithop liveeach ina ftately Palace ; five handfom Churches-are.no {mall orna- ment to it; the Sea before it abounds with Fith, “but are:nor*to be taken: in December, by-reafon of the turbulent Waves. ae Chriftophér Columbus having refrefh’d at Angra, Sail’d along the African Coalt ah between the Hesperides: under the Equinoétial he was fo miferably tormented by the Heat, ‘that his Veffels feem’d to burn, the Hoops {prung fronv the Casks, fo that the Water run aboutthe Hold; and they couldexpect nothing but death from the infufferable Heat, and want of Water: eight days) ‘they had endur’d this hardfhip, when they met with a fiefh Galeout of the!South- Eaft, fo that they madegreat Waytowards the Weft. Omthe lat of Fuly/he dif cover'd three high Mountains , andsapproaching near the Shoré, he fmelvagin a Pofie,alli the fweet breathings of fragrant Flowers commix’d,/and ac laft faw a convenient Haven ; -where ‘going afhore: hé foiund| cultivated Grounds; and fteps of Beafts; but not a‘Man appear'd : the nextday they, fpy’d a Boat with: twenty young Men come rowing fron the Shore intothe Ovéan.s:: The Admi« ral hal’d thenv in vain to:come aboard, for they made the greater haftiafhore, ; a Cs. See | {till Abundance of Pearl, Columbus is in great danger . ‘ Roldanus Ximenes op- pofes Columbus. Strange Indians, AMER I.C ZA. Chap. HI. ftill looking about continually with great admiration on the Ships : whereup- on he commanded themto beat their Drums, and found their Trumpets, that they might by that means entice them aboard; but they rather taking it ‘aga fign of War, made themfelves ready for refiftance : mean while the Py | overtook the Indian Boat, into which they threw a Hat, and other trifles , the Iflanders amaz’d thereat, made figns tothemto row afhore ; but foon after they fled. | : ; (Columbus proceeding on his Journey came to Paria, where he found a Fifk- ers Pink loaden with Oyfters ; which opening and taking out the Meat, were found full of Pearls, which becaufe of their abundance were not regarded there ; for a broken Difh and a rufty Knife, th eSpaniards had four long Strings of Pearl, | ; | ) From thence anchoring in the River of Cumana, feveral naked Men came aboard, adorn’d with Golden Armlets, and Strings of Pearl, Thefe inform’d him, that they gather’d their Gold from the Mountains and Rivers, and caught their Pearl-oyfters in the adjacent Seas. Some of the Spaniards were nobly entettain’d by the King and his Son, who leading them into their Palace, pla- ced them on Benches of Ebony-wood, curioufly wrought, and on a fudden fe- veral Servants came in with variety of Dainties, and well-tafted Wine. But becaufe Provifions grew {carce amongft the Sea-men, and their Meat tainted, Columbus thought it convenient to leavethe Pearl-trade till fome better opportus nity. Then fetting forward,the farther he went,the fhallower he found the Sea, infomuch that his Ship {carce had Water enough to{wim. This inconyeni- ence was followed by a fecond; for the Sea being full of Weeds and Grafs,fcarce fuffer’d any Paflage. A River thirty Yards deep, and twenty Leagues broad, came rufhing out betwixt two Shores into this Sea with fuch force, that the Waves went high like Mountains, which made Columbus judge himfelf in the greateft danger imaginable, and withall Tack about ; fo that he came on the eight and twentieth of Augn/t Anno 1498. toan Anchor before Hijpaniola, where all things were ftill in a fad confufion, as we before related. Roldanus Ximenes refus'd to follow Chriftopher Columbus's, order and writ Let- ters to the King of Spain,in which he exceedingly afperfed both the Admiral Co- lumbus and his Brother; who were not backward in giving an account quite contraty by their Letters, of the horrid Villanies perpetrated by this Ximenes, and defir'd aid, that fo great an Offender might receive condign punifhment. Mean while the Ciquano’s came marching down with fix thoufand Men, which Bartholomew. went to meet with eighty Foot and fome few Horfe : The Indians which he was to encounter with, rather feeming like Futies than Men, forall of them were daub’d over with black fmuts on their bare Skins from Head to - Foot, and their hard Hair pleited in terrible, not in Lovelocks; hung playing, or dangling over their Shoulders. When the Spaniards in their March draw- ing up toa River where it was beft fordable, had no fooner left the Bank, and taken the Water, endeavoring to: wade over, but the Salvages rufh’d forth out of the Woods, and let flye a fhowre of Arrows, that had they not been provi- ded with Shields and Targets, to keep offduch a deadly Storm, fo thick they flew, and fo wellaim’d, moft of them had perifh’d there: but having te- cover’d the oppofite Bank, the Enemy play’d all hid, and ina thought fhel- ter’d themfelves under the protection of the Woods; where the. Conqueror purfuing,found the Service very difficult and dangerous,for their Armes,efpecis ally their Shields, topping and intangling them asin a Net, among the Be: ¥s y ‘Chap:lih (i MB RAGA. by and twining Branches ;. which they pafling, rigled them{elves, and made theit way, like quetting, Spaniels following hen Game, and ftill gawling them with their Arrows : whereupon they left their vain purfuic, marching, another way to intercept Mayobanexius, who with cight thoufand Cigdano’s were then coming down againft them ; which provd: a harder. task than was expected : for e’re she could “reduce, him and his ftubborn Party, he fpent, three Moneths in the Service. Ney ast SECT. LIL. Bu the great and worthy Service of thefetwo excellent Brothers deferving rather Statues and. Trophies of everlafting Honor,Monuments never to be demolifh’d,in their due praife, whohad found out after fo many baffled Ages, anew World, richer, and not much lefsthan the old, by the afperfing calum- niations of one joahicioe Perfon, loft. his whole pnunrel: and Credit in the Spanifh Court, quite out of. favour with his Prince, who by his infi inuations had hinted fo much the matter pf Gain among Phe Courtiers, that every one ftudied no lefs than to get. a Commiffion, and fo:going a Gonthandé to the Indies, make up his Mouth, and become foddinly rich. Firlt Francifco Bombadilla prevailing, was {ent saith full Commiffion to fucceed Columbus in Hifpaniola ; where no fooner Landing, but he exercis’d the extremity of his Authority , sid feizing the Admiral and his Brother fetter'd their Hands and Feet,and put them aboard on two feveral Ships for Spain.: where no fooner arriv’d, but the King, not. altogether forgetting former Services, commanded them to be unmana- ea and waited on, notas Prifoners, witha ciyil Retinue to his Court ; where they were well entertain’d three years. But they being active peHons, aweary of folong repefe, got a fecond,Grant to make farther difcoveries, and fer forth.che ninth’ of May, Anno 1504, with: four Sail well appointed from Cadiz, andshadia fair Paflage fi from thence to Hi ifpaniola,, where begun the Storm. for Bombadilla, who had by the Kings, Commiffion fo, evil treated Columbus and this Brother, as.aforemention’d,. would not fufter him, though reconciled to the King, fo much as to: Land, aad there refrefh. itech (elves and their Men; fo he was Foe d to fteer on to the Iflands Guamixa, and Veragua, where a Hari cane, or fudden ftrefs of Weather funk two of his Vefels ; _the-other two ftan- ding off to Sea efcap’d bilging, but fo, fhatter’ d and leaky, having. alfo fhipp’d abundance. of Water, they were refolv’ d-to putin at Jamaica 5. where weary swith thedong Voyage, and. hatter’d; with the Tempeh, many ar his Sea-men, ~ Spent withpficknefs, after their Landing, « died. To thefe his {ufferings; from Wind and, Weather, and his-Enemies, abroad, a gtearer and inteftine milchiee chapned Francifco Porefin, one: of his. chief Commanders, abfolucely rebell’ ‘d, -and deferting him, with, another Party of his Sea-men went into Hifpaniola : which the Iflanders oblerving, refolv’d to famifh him, keeping from him both Water and all other Provifions.; which. had not Columbus ftayv'd off by a hand- fom Invention, they: had compleated their Defign, 1 which was this : He told _them thatjhe was the offspring of the Moon,.and. if they refus'd to fupply ‘his want,) the Moon, in vindication of her Son, -would famifh them, by fpoil- _ing. what.e’re they had planted or fow’ d, and. chat. this would prove true they Should know by.a fignjthat.on fach. a Night, fhe. rifing i in her full glory,fhould -firft look red; and afterwards by degrees lofe a great part of her light, which indeed fo heated being Ecclips’ d; as he could well _prognofticate ; and after that, they Bie ignorant of the caufe, fuppli'd, him with. all Neceflaries. But 39 Hath very bad fuccefs in his fourth Expedition, 56 , AMER, IC A Chap. III. But Porefio, not able to endure the Sea with his fmall Boats, refolv’d to furs prize one of the Ships that lay before famaica ; but Columbus fo much preventec. him, that meeting him in his return, after a Hot difpute made him his Prifoner. But thus ended not his faieiRetidies! for the Veflels which he fought in foon after funk, and no fhip to be found 1 is Jamaica totran{port him thence. Laftly, he agreed with fome Indian Fifhermen, to carry Didaco Mendoza to St. Dommica, that there he might hire two Veflels e carry him back to Spain: which De- fign taking effect, he arrived there in fafety : where after he had refrefh’d him- {elf at the Spanifh Court, after his fo long and unfortunate a Voyage he fell fick, and died on the eighth of May 1506. & Mean while, the Affairs of Hifbaniola grew more out of order: for Bomba- dilla joyning with Ximenes, refolv’d to hoard up a huge Treafure of Gold, though with the infinite oppreffion of the Natives: of which King Ferdineisl having intelligence, fent Nicholas Olanda thither with thirty Sail; who being nominated Vice-Roy, anchor’d in forty days befote Bi sfpuiles No fooner arriv’d, but Bombadilla and Xtmenes fled, leavifig their vaft Treafure; amount- ing to ten hundred thoufand Ducats; which guarded with four hundred Spa- niards intwenty four Ships was fent to Spain: but fo it hapned, that they were all fwallowed up in the main Ocean, none knowfiig to this day in what La- titude they were loft. | Fights with Porefius. Sc T: Wie Pietto Algoifo Nigno his Voyage. i Ietro Nigno, encourag’d by fome of thofe that had beén with Columbus at the Iles of Pearl, Rigg’d out @ Ship at his own charge, with fpecial order in his Commiflion, that he fhould' not touch on any Coaft within fifty Leagues of any Place Columbus had formerly difcover’d. Buthe little obferv’d his Orders, and what he was commanded , for Sailing into the Haven Curiana, he barter‘’d Shells; Needles; Glafs, and fuch like Trifles,for abundance of peade; which the Hlindérs brought aboard! for he himfelf Havin but thirty Men, durft not ven ture afhore. T'wenty ales this bartering Trade continued, Orient Pearls for Defcription of Cwriawe. “Toys ; but finding ac laft, that they were acivil and hofpitable People, he Landed, where ‘they entettain’d him in Hevels built of Wood, and cover’d with neon before their Doors lay great Hills of Oyfter-fhells, the Fifh being eaten, ‘ind the Pearls us’d for an ornament , Conies, Hares, Pheas fants, Pigeons, ‘Géete. Ducks, Deer, and wild Swine: are their ufual Food , and Gheir Brezds is faaide of the Roots of Trees. waBtedves® Curiana abounds with thick and thady Woods, which refound in the night With the cties and roar- ings of wild Beafts : iat though they are terrible fierce and voracious, yet the Natives ftoutly venture in amongft the thicket of them , arm’d onely with Bowes and Arrows. The Inhabicants are of Ciraplesion tawny, their Hair long and cufl’d ; their Teeth they keep: ‘white with an Herb, which they con- tinttally hold betwixt their Lips. The Women PieHform. their bufinels of Husbandry, | ‘Ploughing and Sowing. The Men are Soldiers, following the bufinefS of War : but if’ Peace their Pxerciles are’ ‘Hunting and Dancing. They keep annual Fairs, where from all Parts of the Countrey they bring their Commodities to buy and barter. They have their pols from Canchieta, fix days Sail Weftward from Cuyiana. Thicher o> Chap. HT. AMERICA. 57 Thither Nigno next direéted his courfe, and came to an Anchor there on the firft of Ofober, Anno 1500. The Inhabitants entred aboard without the leat fhinels, or fear of danger, and brought with them ro barter, Gold, Civer- Cats, Parrots, and Cotton. | | _ Thefe People, though fo civil, are extreamly jealous of their. Wives: for when a Spaniard made addrefS to one of them, and coming fomething clofe, her Husband ftept in fuddenly between, and feem’d to forbid the Banns. Bur coafting onward along the Shore from thence to another Ifle, he found Na- tives far more wild and falvage: for two thoufand in a Body well Arm’d, ftood ready to intercept their Landing ; wherefore he thought ic his fafert courfe to Tack about, and return to Curiana whence he came. : In his Way not far from thence, he fell amonegft eighteen of the Cannibals _Nigwo Fights with the Boats, which according to their cuftom had been a Man-ftealing, and now cate were fo hardy, that fetting upon the Spanifh Ship, they fuddenly clapt him aboard with their Canous on.all fides ; but being beaten back by the terror of their Guns, they foon retir’d : yet the Spaniards took one of the Boats with two Men, all the reft faving themfelves by fwimming. One of the two Men lay bound Hand and Foot, who told them, that he was to have been kill’d the next day and eaten, as he faw his Companions, with whofe Fleth they ban- quetting kept a jovial Feaft. Nigno unbinding the Prifoner, gave him leave to do what he pleas’d with the taken Cannibal,who falling upon him, cudgel’d and whipp’d him to death. : | | Then Nigno in his Way to Curiana touch’d upon the Coaft of Paria, where — Stange Sale he found a ftrange kind of Salt, which the Sea in tempeftuous Weather cafts on the Shore, which afterwards hardens by the Sun. This Salt muft be taken up before any Rain fall, elfe ic melts and {caks away into the Ground ; yet fome- times grows fo hard as 2 Stone, infomuch that they make Pots and other Vel- fels of it; which the Parians barter for foreign Commodities. Nigno not making here any ftay, return’d a fecond time to Curiana, where . he {pent twenty days in pleafant Paftimes, being Lodg’d in a Noble-mans, Houle, at whofe Door was fix’d a Cannibals Head, asa Trophy of his Vi- ctory. He faw thete alfo the dead Bodies of divers eminent Perfons fet drying at a Fire, fo hardned to be fet amongft their Idols, At length Nigno fet Sail homewards, and carried with him an’ invaluable Freafure in Pearls to Spain > but by the way fell out with his Sea-men, becaufe he kept moft of the Purchafe to himfelf, and would not give them their fhares, nay more than that, kept back the fifth part from the King; whereupon being complain’d of by Ferdinando de Vega, Governor of Galicia, he was put in#Prifon, and at laft fent to the Court, where the Pearls were Nignspurin Pritt. declared free Prize, becanfe Nigno had barter’d for them at Curiana, contrary | to the Kings Orders, not to touch at any Coaft, within fifty Leagues of what Columbus had dilcover’d. But fince he had no way regarded thofe Commands to preferve that Pearl-T rade, King Ferdinand fent Governors to (uriana, who in his Name fhould look after, and employ Men for the catching the Pearl- Oyfters. Thefe, accompanied with a confiderable number of Soldiers, befides Stranoc Corps. Cruel dealings in Curi- fix Monks, forc’d the Inhabitants to furnith them with abundance of Pearl: *: which oppreffion grew to fucha heighth, that one Morning a great Party of them confpiring together, fell fuddenly upon them, moft of them being mafla- cred :_afcer they had a while infulcingly triumphed over the dead Bodies, and finifh’d, as they thought, their good work (feafting on their Flefh at a joyful : I Banquet) . ’ nee Pixzon's itrange hight. Banquet) thofe few that efcap’d Sail’d to the Ifland Dominic, the Gover- nor of which Didacus Columbus, Son to the famous Chrifopher, being incens’d, immediately fent Captain Ocampo with three hundred Men to Curiana ; where in his firft fury, without diftin@ion of Sex or Age, he flew all he met with: But becaufe they themfelves could not follow the rich Oyfter-catching, he {par’d fome for that purpofe, whom he commanded to build twenty five lit- tle Houfes, or Hovels,on the Shore, which he call’d New Toledo. After this they went on afrefh in their Pearl-fifhing. Sz oT. V. The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon. | He firft of December, Anno 1499. Vincent Pinzon fet Sail with four Veflels out of the Haven Palos: he had been Commander of a Ship undet Columbus in his firft Expedition, by which means he got great experience in Navigation. When he came a little beyond the Hefperides, he was furpris’d by a great Storm, which inthree days drove him before a plain'‘Coaft; where Landing, he found nothing but the Footfteps of Men, afd in the night he faw great Fires, fuch as are generally made in Camps ; about day-break twen- ty Spaniards march’d thither, whom thirty two Men, arm’d with Bowes and Arrows, made ready to encounter’; but as they approached, the Spaniards profe fer’d them Peace, but they refufed all Compofition ; yet having faced one an- other a while, they retreated without fighting. After this Pinzon difcover’d a wide, but fhallow River; where Landing, on a Hill he met a great company of American’ : He, to invite them to Trade, threw them a Shell; in return for which they caft hima lump of Gold; which when the Spaniard-went to take up they all fellupon him, and indeed he could nor have defended himfelflong, had not fome of his Company quickly come Chap. If. me” ASAD ER OLS. O ee ° > ' come in to his {peedy refcue, which occafion’d a bloody Confli&, wherein feves tal Spaniards were wounded, eight kill’d,and one of their {mall Boats funk ; for the Americans foright fo valiantly that they purfu’d the Spani{h Ships into the Sea. Pinzon being atlaft freed of thefe Affailants, got into a frefh-water Sea, caus‘d by the confluence of many Rivers falling in there :, from hence ke got fight of the ‘Parian Coaft, and with admiration beheld a ‘Tree which fixteen Men could not compa{s; Between thefe Trees he fawas ftrange a Monfter, the foremoft part refembling a Fox, the hinder a Monkey, the Feet were like a Manis, with Fars like.an Owl ; under whofe Belly hung a great Bag, in which it carry’d the Young, which they drop not, nor forfake till they can feed themfelves. . Pinzon caught one.of them with three Young, which died in the Voyage, but the Dam he prefented aliye in GranadatotheKing, This Captain haying Sail’d fix, hundred Leagues along the, Parian Coatt, in a‘great. Tempeft two of his Carvils in his view were overfet, their Keels turn’d upward ; the third driven from her Anchor, and the fourth fo. fhaken, and full of Leaks, that ready to fink they ran her'afhoreto fave their lives; and though he efcaped himfelf the danger of drowning, then being afhore, yet he was no ways freed from far greater inconveniences ; for he faw nothing but death either for want of Provifions, or barbaroufnefs of the Inhabitants : whereupon they refolv’d to free themfelves of their miferies by felf-flaughter, killing one another ; but fome better advifed to fpend their Lives like Chrifti- ans upon the unbelieving Salvages : Whilft they were in this defperate. condi- tion, the Storm ceafed, and Providence prefented their fafety, the Ship driving in before the Wind:, at whichevery one taking frefh courage, they mended the two fhatter’d Ships as well as they could ; wherein venturing to Sea, and fetting Sail, they cameon the lalt of September, Avno 1500. into the Spanih Haven Palos. Be sie : a | 72% Secr, +9 A remarkable Beaft,} Great Storm) AMERICA Chap. IIT. Sect. V- The Expedition of Americus Vefputius. Ave Velputins 4 Florentine, Commanded four Ships, fitted out at King Ferdinand’s Charge, fet Sail the twentieth of May, Anno 1497. and refrefh- _ ing at the Canaries, from thence he fteer’d to Paria, where he fo much gain’d The manner of {the Inha- bitants in Paria, upon the Inhabitants, that for Pins, Bells, Looking-glaffes, and other Trifles, they daily brought aboard in Barter great ftore of Gold, the beftof Met- chandife. | st Thefe People, both Men and Women go ftark naked, not fo much as co- vering their Pudenda ; their Complexion fwarthy ; they fhave off all their Hair, onely fome Women leave 2 Tuft on their Heads. From their Faces, being broad and flat, one may judge them to be deriv’d from Tartary ; they much ex- ceed the Europeans in Running and Swimming, infomuch that the Women of- _ tentimes without any Boats, or floating pieces of Timber, venttse two or three Leagues into the Sea; they have fo great skill in Shooting, that they exceed almoft all other Nations, having Arrows headed with fharp Fifh- bones; they alfoufe Lances and Clubs. The Women follow the Men in the - Wars, and ferve in ftead of Horfes to carry Ammunition and other Neceffa- Their firang: Cuftoms. ries ; to which ‘Labor they are fo us’d, that they will bear on their Shoulders forty, nay fifty Leagues together, fiich Luggage, as three Spaniards are {carce able to lift from the Ground.’ They acknowledge no Commander or Supe- rior either in Wars or Government, they keep up old Fends, fighting with an inveterate hatred againft their Neighbors, upon antient fcores and revenges, ftill kept in,memory of cheir- Relations flain in former Battels, and alfo ftill creating ‘frefh animofities upon their Lofles in later Engagements. Their Language is {mooth and pleafing, being fpoken with a kind of lifping, and abfolutely’ different from the neighboring Nations. When they eat they fit tipon the Ground, and fleeping lie in Hammocks, each end whereof being faft. ned to aPoft , underneath they kindle a Fire’; over them they hang Fifh-nets and Hooks, Fifh-baskets and Calabafhes.. When they have occafion to eafe Nas ture by evacuation, they retire into fome private Place; but the Women think itno immodefty to‘make Water, even in the prefence of ftrange Men. They obferve not fingle Matrimony; for every Man takes as many Women as he pleafes, under bonds of Wedlock fuch and fo fleight, that he turns them off at his pleafure’: and’ Women take the fame liberty in cafheering their Husbands when not pleafing them.. They bring forth Children with little or no pain, and wath them in a’River fo foon asborn ; which done they return to their ufual work and. bufinefs. When they are incens‘d againft their Husbands, they revenge themfelves by poyfoning their Children. Their? Houfes are built in the fafhion of a Houfe-clock, witha Roof tais’d from the Wall upon four Pil- lars like the Bell, and cover’d' with Palm-Leaves ; fome of which are fo big, that they afford room for fix hundred Men = ‘every feventh or eighth year they remove, becaule (as they fay) the Air is oftentimes infe&ted by Mens Breaths, — by their long continuance in:one place. Their Riches confift in Feathers of divers colours, Strings of Fifh-bones intefmingled with green and white Beads, with which they adorn their Heads, Arms, Legs, Ears, and Chevks : Gold-and Pearls they make little account of; and as to Trade and Commerce with Chap. IIL ey AMERICA wich other People, they know not what belongs to it. Thee greateft Friend- fhip confifts in profticuting their Daughters or Wivesto one another. Their Dead they bury in moift Grounds, nd put with theat both Meat and Drink into the Graves: When any Perfon grows very weak by lingring Sicknefs, they carry the Difeafed into a neighboring Wood where they lay him ina Silk Hammock, tied between two Frees éheti Hiding the whole day about him, at night they fet Bread and Water enough by him coLAR fur days,and then de. parting look no more after him, who thus neglected feldom efcape : but if fo it happen that one recover, all his Relations forthe future honour him as a god. When any one falls into a Fever, his Friends immediately bathe him in cold Water, and afterwards fet him before a great Fire, then drive him before them till he falls down almof breathlefs, and at laft puchim to Bed. They neither Let blood in the Arms not Feet, but in their Sides and Calves of theit Legs. Sometime they faft four days. tigethén, which they fuppofe a great means to preferve their Health. Their Bread confifts of a fort of Fruit call’d Jucha, Chambi, or Igname. Lattly, no Lyon devours his Prey with more voracie ous eagernefs, than they theit takeh Enemies. Ve(putius being fully inform’d concerning the SididHion of Paria, weighed Gt Anchor, and on the fixth day aftér entred a convenient Harbor, where going afhore jhe found twenty Houfes built in the middle of a Lake on great Pofts :’ every Houfe had a Draw-bridge, over which they pafs’d from one to the other. So foon as the Inhabitants fet eye on the Spaniards, they itnmediately drew up their Bridges : yet fome of them in twelve little Canoos came towards the Spa- nifh Ships, “Blit Amaz'd to fee theit Lads fo big, durft got,though hal’d with figns, to come aboard, but hafted away toa high Mountain ; yet feem’d to fig. nifie that they would return, as indéed they did, bringing fixteen Maids along with them, of which they put four itto a Spanifh Boat, themfelves if the inte- tim rowing between the Ships from one to aHuthe, fhewing all tokens of friendfhip, when on a {adden a Company of old Women came running to the Shote, and tearing the Hair from their Heads, made a terrible noife bad excla- mation, exprefling the greateft forrow they could poffible: whereupon the four hits Maids fuddenly leap’d over-board, and the Men fhot abundance of Arrows out of their Boats at the Ships ; nay, fome of them {wimming under Water, endeavor’d to fink the Cock-boats which were made faft behind their Ships. Upon this fudden Onfet the Spaniards making ufe of their Guns, quick- ly leffen’d the number of the Affailants, infomuch that they fled to the Shore ; yet five of them being overtaken, were catry’d Prifoners aboard. Vefputius obferving thefe thelr mifdemeaning Carriages , judg’d it no way convenient to flay any longer among fuch barbarous and deceitful Salvages: but having weighed Anchor, and Sail’d eighty Leagues along the Coaft, he ran into another convenient Haven: whofe Shore fwarm’d with People, whitch on a fudden running away, hid themfelves in a neighboring Wood. Here the Spaniards Landing were amazed , when in their Huts they faw Snakes and Serpents roafting before a Fire, wherest one had Wings, and ano- ther whofe Mouth was tied together with a Rope, ftared with open eyes in a frightful manner. Here they left feveral Trifles to enticethe fled Natives to correfpond with them. And this their Defign prov'd Succefsful; for the next day the Americans came aboard without the leat fear, and offer’ d' to fhew their hofpicable kind- nefsto the Spaniards, if ancy pleas’d to travel three days Journey with them up into A very Ceange Village built on. Poles Strange Fig ght, Serpents nrangely pre- par’d for Food AMERICA ~~ Chap. Ill. into the Countrey, telling them, they had onely:rais’d thofe few Huts by the ~ Seasfide for afmall time whilft they Fifh’d in thofe Parts. | , The repankable recat About twenty of the Spaniards well Arm’d refolv’d to undertake the Jour. ards, ney ; and travelling over Hills, Dales, and Rivers, they came at laft into a Village confifting of nine of the foremention’d Honfes, but mightily peopled ; where they were ina wonderful mannet received by their glad welcomes, by Dancing, Singing, Hunting, and other joyful Acclamations, prefenting their Wives and Daughters, as the chiefeft part of their hofpitality, to carefs the Strangers at their pleafure. The news was no fooner fpread, but the adjacent Villages came in throngsto gaze upon, and falute the Strangers, inviting them —alfoto their Towns. The Spaniards taking it in good part , fpent nine days among them, highly treated with all mannet of jollities, but efpecially at their choice with the varieties of Venus : from thence then returning to their Fleet, accompanied with thoufands of the Natives,every one carrying Prefents to the Admiral Ve/putius ; of whom as many as they could at once receive, they enter- taining aboard, then difmifs'd them, and admitted others ; but the Guns going aff, they fuddenly leap’d from the Decks, and div’d like Ducks under Water : But afterwards being inform’d, that fuch thunder-claps were fent them from Heaven to deftroy their Enemies, they were fomewhat better fatisfi’d, and call’d the Spaniards, Charabi, that is, Wife Men. | This Ifland lying in the Mexican Bay, in twenty Degtees of Northern Lati- tude, Vefputius left on his Starboard, and Sail’d along a Meandring Coaft (which he always kept in fight) eight hundred and fixty Leagues, and at laft entred a Haven, the like whereof he had not feen before. Here he {pent a Moneth in repairing his Ships, to which the Inhabitants freely gave their affi- | ftance; and among other things complain’d, that a falvage People came yearly. thither from an Ifland about a hundred Leagues diftant, who fell upon them - with horrible rage, and whomfoeyer they took they eat, but firft inflicted all manner of tortures upon them, {paring none, but together murthering aged People and fucking Infants; wherefore they cravd affiftance to be reveng’d, which if the Spaniards would grant, they would follow the Fleet with their Boats. Vefputius promis his aid to-deftroy {uch a blood-thirfty People; and to aflure them that he would perform his Word, he order’d feven of them to go in (anoos before and fhew them the Way. On the feventh day they came to an Anchor before the Ifland Ay, where the Shore was guarded with naked Men, whofe Bodies being ftrong and brawny, were painted, and their Arms, Legs, and Head, adorn’d with divers colour’d Plumes, having not onely offens five Weapons, as Bowes, Arrows, and Launces, but alfo defenfive, huge Tar+ gets, and {quare Shields. So foon asthey judg’d the approaching Spaniards to A cruel Fight with the be within reach, they fhot a great flight of Arrows at them ; but Ve/putins lying . clofe.along the Shore with his Ships, fir’d upon them with Chain-fhot, which did great execution : yet notwithftanding about forty Spaniards leaping afhore out-of their Boats, found themfelves in no {mall danger ; for the Cannibals upon the found of Horns flocking together, fo prefsd upon them that they. were forc’d to lay afide their Guns, and fall to Blows, and had not timely af- fiftance come to them, they had undoubtedly been all flain: two hours the Vi&ory was doubtful on whofe fide ic would fall; yet at laftthe Cannibals quitting the Field, left the Spantards Vigtors ; who the next day purfu’d their gotten Victory with fuch fuccefs, that they drove their Enemies before them, burnt their Villages and Boats, and carry’dtwo hundred and two and twenty ; : of Chap. If. AMERICA. of them Prifoners to Spain, where they fafely arriv’d the 15. of November, Anno 1498. , This good fuccefs fo encourag’d Vefputins, that having fhay’d {carce feven Moneths afhore , he obtaining the Command over fix Ships, with which he fet Sail from Cadiz, and touching upon the (anaries, Steer’d from thence Southerly ; and having Sail’d five hundred Leagues, he difcover’d a Countrey overflow’d and made Marifhy by great Rivers, and abounding with Trees, but faw no fign of any Inhabitants ; yet not long after, coming before an Ifland, he took a Boat with two Prifoners, newly guelt, and ferit as a Prefent to feaft the Cannibals which refus’d to Treat on.any other account whatfoever ; _where- fore he Sail’d eighty Leagues forward along the Shore of an unknown Ifland, where he Barter’d for fome Gold, and got five hundred Pearls for one fingle Shell; thefe Pearls, the Inhabitants faid-were not found there, but taken from their Neighboring“ Enemies , which liv’d Weftward, and had abundance of them. EY | Nothing worthy of remark happen’d in this Voyage, onely the ftrange con- ftitutions of a wild People, living on a barren Ifle, deferve to be mention’d. About their Necks hung two hollow Veffels, the one full of white ftamp’d Worts, and Herbs; and the other, full of Grafs, which they greedily cram’d into their Mouths, feeding like Cattel ,; then a Stick wetted with Spittle, they put into the bruis’d Herbs, taking upon the end of it, as upon the point of a ‘Knife,fome of the bruis’d to their Mouths,which (as if chawing the Cud) turn- ing therein,then taking out again, and ftrowing more of the fame Herbs out of the Veflel upon it, fwallow’d itdown. No frefh Water was to be had amongft them, but what they gather’d from the Dew in great Leaves: Neither had they any Houfes, but dwelt under great Trees, and fed on dry’d Fifh. The next remark in this Voyage, was the difcovery of an Ifland not far from the former, where he found the Footfteps of a Gigantick People, upon which ni Sa i a League to fearch the Countrey, where they faw five great Huts, ftanding ina {pacious Valley , and in them two old, and three young Women , each of them being twice as tall asan ordinary Man: The ‘old ones invited the Spaniards to eat, who when they were fat down, confult- - ing how they might take and carry one of thefe Giantefles to Spain,, there to fhew her for Money, thirty fix Giants came in tothem, (never did the Sun fhine on a more terrible People) which fo amaz’d the Spaniards, that their Hair feem’d to ftand an end at-the fear thereof: Every Giant was arm’d witha Bow and Arrows, anda Club: They wondering at the nine ftrangers, ftood talking very earneftly one to another, which gave the Spaniards time to think of making their efcape , fome judg’d it convenient to difcharge theit Guns up- on them, and in the Smoke to run away; othersthonght, that it would be bet- ter to take a milder courfe, which they allagreed on; and taking their leave, went out of the Hut, but were follow’d by the Giants, who kept a Stones caft behind them, and went fafter or flower, as the Spaniards flacken’d or mended their pace; who at laft getting to the Shore, and from thence into their Boats, they fuddenly put off; but the Giants then purfu’d them with eager fpeed, all of them leaping into the Water, and Swimming, fhot abundance of Arrows after them; but frighted by the Thunder of two great Guns that were dif- charged from the Ships, return’d afhore, and fled intc the neighboring Hills, Velbuting , 63 Wefputisa {econd Expedia ticn, Strange conftitution of a alyage people, Strange adventure of nine Spaniards, meeting with great Giants. ; SA MERA EC.Z. ‘Chap: fF. Vespitius at laft began to confider of returning*home » Kis Provifions begiris ning to growfcarce, and his Sea-men faint, having contion’d in the Equino: ctial heats a, whole year ; wherefore he direéted® his courfe towatds Spain, in his Voyage, driving along the Coaft an advantagious ‘Trade’, ‘by bartering Defeription of tue Pearl- Shells and Glafs for Peatls, The Inhabitants prefented) him with Oyfters, of ° Oyfters which fome inclos‘d on hundred and thirty Peatls, when’ they attain to their full growth, they fall outwf the Shells themfelyes, but thofe that ftick, decay: So upon the tenth of November, the Fleet came fafe to an Anchor before Cadiz, _Velomias third Espeliy After which; ‘Vesputins retired to Sépil) with intent to fettle himielf th ere, but Ge he had not long repos’d', when Emanuel King of Portugal fent for hia te Lisbon, and gave him the Command of three Ships, to difcover new Countreys ; be- tween. the Canaries and Africa, they pafs’d thorow fo many Fifhes (not unlike-d Bream) that in-an: hours’ time: they loaded their Boats wich them, this Fith hath a round thin Scale,’ fharp Teeth; Stones in theit Brains of Forcheads, 4 fharp pointed Heart, a Bladder fullofWind, red Tail and Fins, feeds on Sea Weeds, Gurnets and Oyfters, and is ofa delicious Tafte. > From thence, five :degtees Southward’ of the Equinox, he found’a naked People onthe top ofa high Rock, that beckon’d the Spaniards to come towards them; upon which, two of them refolv’d to venture thither, having order not Cruel deed offome téi- CO flay at the moft above five days: The firft incounter they had was of fome sah Women, who offer’d their bodies to proftitution, but'a Youth, as if affrighted with fome fudden danger, came running amongft them, whom, whilft they {tood gazing upon, and wondering:at, an old Woman with a great Club, ran- _ning down the Hill overtgok, and knock’d him down dead upon the ground? which done, the Women that were making Court to the Spaniards , took him by the Heels, and drago’d up the Hill, where foon after they faw him chop’d in pieces, Broyl’d, and eaten: They zlfo made figns to the Spaniards, that they would devour them alfo'in the fame manner. “The Shore was crouded’ with Men , which fhowr’d upon them feveral flights of “Arrows, a thought it beft to Weigh’Anchor, fo taking Aboard their two Men, and ha Sail’d 150. Leagues, they got-fight of the Coaft of Brajile, along whiclt he Sail’d Southerly to fifty two Degrees, where three Brafilians came Aboard of their own accord , and were eafily perfwaded to go with him to Portugal’, but the Weather growing very bad,:and the Cold intollerable,the Storms fwellin the Wayes into the bignefs of Mountains ; Vefputins left the Coaft des Patagones, and the Streights, afterwards call’d Magellan, behind him, buxnt one of his Ships before Cape Sierra Leona, and brought two fafe to Lisbon. | sige avin fourth Expe- -" His fourth Expedition happen’d , May 10. Anno 1503. at which time he Steer'd directly with fix Sail to Sierra Leona, and approaching the Coaft, could not come to an Anchor, becaufe of the trong eddying Currents :* Three De- grees beyond the Equinox appear'c a rifing Ifland , two Leagues long, and one broad, deftitute of Inhabitants; his beft Ship being fix hundred Tun, {pli here againft a Rock, and nothing of her was faved, but the Sea-men : But Ve- Sputiws Rowing, afhore with a Boat , found a convenient Haven, with abun- Sea-Spiders,and Dragons. dance of {weer Water, high Trees, Sea-Spiders, and horrible Dragons, which have a {harp Head, round fiery Eyes, and wide Mouths, Wings not unlike a Bats, a{peckled Breaft, curl’d Tail, blew Back, and two Bags like a drawn Satchel Triangular , were under their Bellies: No lefs {range are the Seas ' Spiders, by their hard Feer, long upper Teeth, two long Sheers or Pinchers, and double Belly ; between the Head and the Belly lies a black Skin, with which Chap. III. AMERICA, ee which they daiked the Water ; Sess any-one goes to take them in the night, they make a great fhadow; they feed on Fifh , the Female lays little white Eggs, not unlike ordinary Hail- ftones. Vefputivs having left this defolate Ifle, three hundred Leagues a Stern, enter'd a Haven, to which he gave the name : St. Abdy, where he ftay’d two Ribnaths: expediing the return of thofe which he had fent into the Countrey ; but feeding " jt im vain to wait any longer; he proceeded’on his*Journey, and Sailing in be- tween the Abrelhos, in the River Curubabo, he built a ftrong Fort, Garrifon’d it with twenty four Men, twelve pieces of Ordnance, and Pieih ions for fix Moneths : Five Moneths Vefputivs had {pent in the building this Caftle; when he return’d home with one Ship, laden with Brafill Wood, where approaching Lisbon, beyond all .expectation, the Inhabitants of the City ran to Congratue late bis happy returns: And from this Americus Vesputius, the New World is to this day call’d America. SE-O X, _ VIL The Expedition of Alphonfo, Foseda, Diego er Jcochpede and Roderick _Colmenares. .. Mericus Vesputins was {carce fitted out in Lisbon, when Fogeda fet Sail with three hundred Men from Beata, the chiefeft Haven of Hifpaniola , to the Ifland Codego, inhabited by Naked People, but of comely Perfonage, and withal expert and moft excellent Archets': Here he found a very ftrange Tree, Wonderful Tree oncudegs which bears a Fruit. not unpleafing to the Palate , yet deadly Poyfon, and be: didés , whoever chances to fleep under their hada loofe both their under- “Panding and Eye-fight , and never attain to their Simic Sences , ‘except they take fome Opiates, as dangerous, and fo by long fleep, recover. AVR, Here Fogeda fet upon a poor Village near the Sea-fide, where without mercy {xtvscrmly and dettra: Aion. | T he Famine, Strange accident, Ancifus eleapes great dan- ger. AMERICA. Chap. III. he put them all to the Sword, excepta few Youths which were onely faved, that they might inform Fogeda, what was become of the flain and taken Spani- | ards; Who told him, that according to their Cuftom, they had Roafted the dead! and alfo their living Prifoners, and feafted on their Flefh. Here having burntithe Houfes, and fifting the Afhes, Nicue/a found fome Gold. But now they began to be diftrefs’d for Provifions; for prevention of which, Nicuefa had given/order to Ancifus, Marthal in Hifpaniola that he fhould follow with a Ship of Vidtual, for the Army to (odega., But he being kept back by incon- veniencies, mott'of the Spaniards were famifh’d, fo that the three hundred Men which Codega brought from Hij/paniola, were SMlaced to fixty. And he was al- ready under-Sail to Hispaniola, when Ancifus Anchor’d in the Haven of Codegoos, and fent fome Men afhore to mend his Boat ,-and fetch frefh Water, which whilft they were doing, the Natives came Ssckitig about them : Three days they fac’d one another, ufing no Hoftility , when at laft a Spaniard that under- flood the (odegan Tongue, adventuring to fetch Water, he was immediately encompafled;. when {peaking to them, and informing them in their own Lan- guage, That hé wasnone of Fogedas or Nicne[as People , which not long fince had committed fo, great flaughter, they left him, and the rather, becaufe he told them, that ncifus would take revenge on them, if they did any wrong to him. Thus quieted, they brought all forts of Provifions Aboard. Mean while, Ancifus Sail’'d to the Main Continent Uraba, where in the Mouth of a Haven he ran his Veffel a-ground,which was bilg’d, the Sea-men taking fome Arms along with them, fav'd their lives by fwimming afhore ; where, their firft fuftenance ~ they ee was ftore of Peaches and Cherries, hich was a great. refrefhment in thofe hot Countreys,but yet had ndlcubredly been ftarv’d, but that in fearch- ing the Wood for Fruits, they found Wild-Swine, which px chen d their lives, yet they were not free ers apparent danger, having to deal with a Salvage People, into whofe hands they were fo unfortunately caft by Shipwrack, how- ever Ancifus fet a good face on the bufinefs, marching with a hundred Men up into the Countrey,where fome of the Urabanners from an ambufcade unawares, with their Arrows wounded feyeral of his Men, hereupon they retreated to the Shore of the River Daria, whither alfo they had brought the fmall Boats, fav'd from the Wreck; where whilft they were in confultation how to return to Hijpaniola, the Inhabitants having mufter’d themfelves, and making a Body of five hundred Men, fet upon them, who after a fharp Conflict, made them retreat, and at laft to flie, whom Micsfus purfuing, found ina Thicket of Canes or Reeds a great Tr cafure of Gold. Mean while, Nicuefa Sail’d to the plen- tiful Golden Countrey Veragua with three Ships, of which he lof two, the one Commanded by Lupus de Olana, and the other by Peter Umbria Olana, which was ftranded in the River Veraeua, ‘dhol gives name to the whole Mand, but he built a new Caryil, whereas that of Lupus Olana was bilg’d among the Rocks. Little better fuccefs had Nicuefa, whofe Ship over-turning with a Tempeft, he with a few of his Men made land upon Veragua, where he rang’d up and down in amiferable condition, ona barren, and in a manner Sslokey Shore feventy days: All that time, finding no etes Food than Wild Roots, who wandring up and. down, at laft met with Olana, a little before caft away on the fame Ifle, whom he feour d, becaufe he prefum’d te ufurp the Title, and be prime Com- _ mander of that Countrey. Upon which, the Spaniards bring divided, fome for Ancifus, fome for Olana, the difference more and more encteafing, eeuld not he reconcil’d, till the Famine overpowering, matter’ d both, fo chat not being able Chap. III: AMERICA. able to handle their Arms, the Salvages flew them at their pleafure, by this means in a fhort time, of feven hundred eighty five, remain’d {carce ninety ; yet did not all this mifery work any thing upon the ambitious humor of Va/+ gues Nunnex, who rebelling againft Ancifus, {plit that {mall remainder of Men, and with the help of thofe he had drawn over to his Party ; made himfelf Go- vernor of Uraba, not poflible to be long enjoy’d without {peedy fupply, which foon after they receiv’d ; , for Colmenares Sailing from Hifpaniola with Proyifions, atriv’d there the 15. of Oétober, Anno 1510. having been tofs’d twenty three days at Sea; then making into the River Gaira, to furnifh himfelf with frefh Wa- ter, he loft forty feven Men; for whilft they were filling their Casks, feven hundred of the Salvages came down upon them, and with their Poyfon’d Arrows wounded and kill’d moft of them. Colmenares came in a good time to the remainder under Ancifus Command , being in danger of death for want of Provifions, and finding the factions that were among them about Superiority, he thought it fit, confulting with fome of the chiefeft of them, to find out Ni- cuefa; who was indeed the Governor that had the Grant from the King :_ This agreed, Colmenares went to fearch, and at laft lighted upon him, building a For- trefs againft the aflaults of the Enemies on the Promontory. Mormor, he was glad to find him, but griev'd to fee the mifery and hardfhip they endur’d,moft of his Men being kill’d, partly by the exceffive Heats, partly by Famine, and partly by the cruelty of the Natives, fo that he had onely fixty remaining, and thofe many of them alfo fick and. weak. ! Pr Colmenares having deliver’d his Meflage, Nicuefa broke up his Quarters, and fleighting the Fort, went with him, but both himfelf and his Men were op- pos’d from Landing by Nunez; wherefore Nicue/a was neceffitated to Steer for Hispaniola , whom, or what became of him was never known. Nunnex having thus quitted himfelf of Nicue/2, and now, more than ever, ‘wanting Provifion, he refolv’d to take out his own Commiffion at large, and fetting up for himfelf, make no difcrimination of Perfons, Spaniards, or Nas tives, but to make out his Fortune. And firft, he fell upon Careta King of (oita, whom he took Prifoner, Plunder. ing him of all his Treafure and Provifions ; yet this fufficed not long, for foon after, King Poncha invading Careta, Nunnex took hold of that opportunity, and pretending to affift Careta, being well recruited with his Forces, fer upon Pon- cha, who immediately fled, and left all to the {poil of his Enemies: This News fo amaz’d Comogrus,another King,that he proffer’d Peace ; where- upon Nunnex going thither, was nobly entertain’d in his Palace, being one hun- dred and fifty Paces. long, and eighty broad, the Floors Pav’d with Stone, and the Roofs Vaulted, his Cellars were ftor’d with Wine, made of the Root Fucca, Ages , and Mais; the Privy-Chamber was hung round with dead bodies, Mummy’d artificially with Lent Fires, and were the Corpfes of (omogrus Ance- ftors, and others of the Royal Blood, and neareft Relations, of whom fome dy’d at leaft four hundred years before; each of thefe faften’d by Cordage made of Reeds, were Habited in Cotton, richly adorn’d with Pearls and Gold. Mean while , a Hurricane.happening , terrible with Thunder.and Lightning, and hideous Gufts , fwell’d and fo enrag’d the Sea, that breaking its bounds, over-running, drown’d the whole Champain,; thusthe hopes of a fruitful Hars veft being utterly loft,..they fuffer'd under a great Famine. The Spaniards which Encamp’d near the River Daria, on Uraba, perceiving this, and knowing they had no manner of fupply from Hispaniola; and having Be ee already ‘7 Colmenares Expedition, His ftrange receptien. Remarkable Pallace of ing Comogras, ey ee —— a eee - oss ~~. — al ¢ de 5 ” ea Se - 7 a a a — ee a ie pec eS Pus - .* — _- _ = — —m > — - BS RO ere ae ae -: rT ———— — = ~ = - ¥ = — ae — “ - a, y+ c = _ SE SU en ee “sneer ee ‘68 ‘Munnez Exploits, A firange Pallace built on recs. Turning the low Land intoa Sea, - APlot onthe Spaniards, ftrangely difcover’d, AMERICA. . Chap. II? already Pillag’d the Neighboring Kings, that they had nothing left. Nunez marching thirty Leagues up the raver, Plunder’ dthe Village, of which Dai- baiba was King, where he found an unvaluable quantity of Gold, but little or no Provifion. Here were many Flictcer Mice, or Bats, : bigwer. than Turtle Doves, whofe biting was mortal, unlefs biutediacly wath’ d with Salt Wa- ter, Zeodeding to the information ot the Prifonets. Now as Niihtes Uraba Pillag’d towards the South, fo did oboe Heving up alfo for himfelf, take prize of all’, to the Eaft orith fixty Men’, Rowing again the'Stream'up the River Daria, "yBeve twelve Leagues, where he found in feveral Villages’and Hamlets, and at King Turwi's Palace, abundance; both of Provifion and Gold’, from therice he March’d to the: thiohey Province Abe- namchet, which though making fome refiftance, at laft they fubdu’d. And the'neighboring King 4bibeiba narrowly efcap’d the like fortune, whofe Pallace was built onthe tops of Trees, Plafh’d, and Pleited together, Timbet | Beams lying athwart; ‘neceflity forcing them’ to choofe {uch high Habitations, partly;to‘avoid the Tiina Gous'dt Rivers, fwoln above their bounds by fudden and alinoft affidiiousShowres from the arewhesins: and partly; to be free from’ the'excurfions of fculking Robbers; alfo being: better able to defend themfelves in thefé Caftles if che Air, daa alfo fecur’d by their heighth from their:Shot', being above the reach of ehety Indian Arrows : The bodies of the Trees abiriWards: upon which: the Houfes are built,are generally twenty four Fathom thick ,. fo that they cannot eafily be cut dwn’ nor fired; but Colme- nares againft stett! as they {uppos’d, impregnable Porth having oe a Galle- ry with’{éveral great Hurdles, fet sig Men to work onder that fafeguard, with Axes on the Tree whereon Abibeiba’s Houle ftood , who feeing his imminent danger, wondring at this new manner of Spsrisicie; came down, promifing to furnifh him with Gold out of the neighboring Mountains, detwithfand. ing it would be with the danger'of his Life; becaufe the Cannibals generally kill thofe that adventur’d to dig in the Mines : To this promife , Colmenares hearken’d, and having fet him at liberty, for the performance, he in ftead theres of, on the contrary, ftirr’d up, and joyn’d with all the Conquer’d Kings, to deftroy him and his Men: Nor were they flack to have executed their defign, five thoufand of them being already drawn together at the Village Tirichi, the appointed place of Rendezvous, and fo privately carry’d, that undoubtedly it had been effected, if not happily difcover’d by this accident. Nunnex , amongft his other Slavefles, had one exceeding beautiful , on which he was much Enamour’d, and fhe likewife feem’d to bear as oxédle an affection towards him, which fhe manifefted , by declaring the feexee to Nunnex which her Biether had imparted to ee being an intended gene- ral Maffacre the night following , that fo fhe ntiohe his better make her ef- cape the day before; yet fo much fhe prefer’d the fafety ofher Lover, before the liberty of her Native Countrey, that fhe difcover’d the Plot. Nunnez not jleeping on this advice, on a fudden fet fo fiercely upon the Confpirators, that he utterly broke their defign ; yet the Feuds and Contefts for Superiority ftill continu’d amongft them , which look’d with fo bad a Face to the ruine of all, that news thereof arriving in Spain, it was judg’d fit.to fend for Colmenares, atta John Quicedo to the Court, there to render an account of all their Tranfa@ions, Both going Aboard a fmall Veflel, were by Storm driven on the Coaft of Cuba, where they were inform’ d from a Prifoner, that Valdivia and Zamudio, daved afhore hi Shipwrack , and not able to defend themfelves, were furpriz’d by the ‘Chap. HI. SA MAEARLT CA. the Natives, kill’d and eaten; that Fogeda driven up and down along the Coat, had loft moft of his People by hunger, and other hardfhip, and him- felf with much ado getting to Hispaniola, dy’d as foon'as Landed.of the Wound which he receiv’d by a Poyfonous Arrow, near the River Dania. But much happier was Ancifus, who‘foon after Fogeda coming to Cuba, found a King, who fuffer’d himfelf to be Chriften’d, and call’d Commendator ; and building 2: Church, Confecrated it to the Virgin Mary; in it he erected an Image of Clay, refembling a Woman; which jhe*cloched’ in: a Cotton Gar- ment ; round about were plac’d Pots with Meat and-Water, according-co their old Idolatrous fafhion, otherwile, they believ’d their Idols would devour the Souls of the Dead, and this, though Chriftians, they did not forgety; Nay further, when hewent to War, he carry’d the Image of the Virgin Mary with him in the Front of his Army, often fayinig, Ave Mariay, and this was the end of that Voyage : But afterwards Anci/us complain’d againft Vafeus Nunnex in the Spanif#Court, where'he receiv’d a Sentence very prejudi¢ial to him. Col- menares and Quicedo had alfo Audience there, whereupon matters being fettled, a firm Government was eftablifh’d in Uraba. zat LY in Sercv. VIII. _.,, Peter Arias bis Expedition, and remarkable Paffages of Vafcus Nunnez. | Bes Arias. Knight, ‘accompany d with his Wife, Flixabeth Boadilla, fer Sail J Anno 1514. but furpriz’d by a violent Storm, loft two Ships, and return’d to Spain , yet.not long after began his Voyage afrefh, notwithftanding he had lately had-fuch bad fuccefs, and heard of the great hardfhip which Nicuefa fut. fer’d,, haying not ontly kept himfelf alive a confiderable time by feeding on fiefh of Dogs, and other fuch like Creatures, a-great Frog being fold in Vera- gua for a lump of Gold. , But Vafchus Nunnex inform’d of Arias atrival , the chief Governor of Uraba, | afterwards call’d New Andaluzia, minding to inrich himfelf before he fhould de- pofe him , and hearing that feyeral Gold Mines lay Southward from Uraba, march’d thither with a hundred and ninety Men, thorow great Rivers, Thick- ets, and Woods full of Wild Beafts, deep Vallies, and broad Rivers, not with- out many hazards and difficulties.’ In the Mountainous Territory Quarequan, the Inhabitants ingag’d him valiantly, with Bows, Arrows, Clubs, Woodden Swords, Pikes and Launces, but frighted with che meer report of their Mul- _ quets, like flocks of wild Fowl, diffipated and fled , but not fo faft, but that fix hundred of them fell by the hands of the Spaniards, or were worty’d by their Dogs,train’d up on purpofe for the American Warts. Soon after,coming into the Palace, there fate his Brother drefs'd up in Womens Apparel, whom the King 69. Ancifus Voyage, A Temple dedicated to the Virgin Mary on the Ifland Cuba. Nicwefa fulfers hunger. Dogs us’d int the Wars, kept to abule, as if.a Concubine ; whereof Nunnex being inform’d, in-detelta-_ tion of Sodomy, fet the Dogs upon him, who fuddenly tore him in pieces. Amongft the flain were found feveral Negroes, which fuffering Shipwrack had been caft on the American Shore, and maintain’d a continual War with the Qua- raguanen, fo that ic feem’d the Blacks which were found dead amongft them were their Slaves: Yet Nunnex, was forc’d to leave a confiderable number of his Men here, who being half ftarv'd, and quite tired our, were not able to follow him ; but with the remaining party he march’d on, and at laft cameto the high Mountains, from whence he faw the great SoutheSea, and going thi- Wie | ther Sucomy horribly punifh’d. Nunrer firlt difcovers the Soutlt-Sea. = s 2 Is in great danger on the uth-Sea, 4 . igh (((((UIULUNN NAA yy i) PA HLA git nitty ANN ANNENEL Sip. = savnsgt UUUULA UD NY linn) { ee ITTY yp ema a NW ='q = 422: ther, was met by King Chiapes, leading an Army of thirty thoufand Men, which great Body ftood not long to make refiftance , being terrifi’d with the Vollyes of Shot, whofe Report the ecchoing Valleys prefented to their Ears, double and trebble ; And that which moft amaz’d and difanimated them in the rout, were the Dogs, who fiercely purfu’d and feiz’d the flyers, tearing away great morfels of Flefh. After the Battel, the Conqueror proffer’d Peace, . which was agreed on, upon the delivery of feveral great Prefents of Gold. Af- ter that, Chiapes the King, accompany’d with Nunnex the Spanifh Commander, and ‘March’d with him over a broad River to (oquera, where at firft fome Fors ces made refiftance, but were routed; whereupon, they alfo fuddenly ftruck up a Peace, upon conditions, that the Prince, nam’d alfo Coquera, fhould return him a great quantity of Gold. Here he found a handfome Bay running up in crooked Reaches, above fixty Leagues, which Nunnex call’d St. Michael, being fprinkled with Iflands, and treacherous with hidden Rocks. There Nunnez, (though diflwaded by (hiapes, becaufe he knew the South-Sea at that time be- ‘nc the three laft Moneths of the Year, was exceeding turbulent, that no Veflel could hardly live in it, yet) ventur’d with nine Indian Boats, and eighty Men from the Shore into the Offin,; where, notwithftanding the high rolling of the Waves, he got to an uninhabited Ifland, on which, being neceffitated to flay a night, the Tide flow’d fo much», according to the, property of the South-Sea, that che higheft Ground thereon, lay almoft coverd with Water, every one of the Spaniards having enough to do to fave thentlelves from being wafh’d away. Day approaching, difcover’d a fecond inconveniency, for the Indian €anoos ei- ther were extremely Leaky, or elfe-fo fhatter’d, that they were unfit for fervice, yet notwithftanding all this, they ventur’d to return, rather choofing to be de- vour’d in the Waves, than die of that hunger, whofe mifery they had fuffici- ently tafted, during the {mall time they had been out. Not long after, Nunnez Conquer’d the King Tamaccus in a Field Battel, who thereupon purchas‘d his Peace with great Prefents of Gold and Pearl. He allo fhew’d the Spaniards an i Tfland Chie. II. AMERICA. pps 71 | Iland, whofe fpiring tops were feen from the Main Land, which fo stances in Pearls, that inno place were either more or fairer to ‘we found : Buc the King who liv’d on it was exceeding powerful. paahet | _ Nunnex immediately refolv’d to Sail thither, notwith{tanding it was the middle of Oéfober, when rhe South-Eaft Winds wesite fuch a turbulent and hol- low Sea, as many times wafh’d away Trees and pieces of Rocks: Befides, the Weather was more terrible, by continual Lightning and great Thunder- atips, the Nights very cold, the Days exceeding hot;- yet all thelé difficulties could not prevail, for Nunnex would not ftay to expedt fairer Weather, but went on, and coming thither, he faw how the Indians Fifh for Pearls, which was Diving F Manner of Fithing fog . for Oyfters ; but e Weather being rough and foul gt spe not venture for the beft which lay far from the Shore. ~~ But Nunnex leaving his fick and weary’d Men with Chiapes , March’d Quite Manner returns another. way back = tie he cane; and croffing a great River, was receiv'd by Prince Teaocha, who furnifh’d him with Gold, Pearls, Provifions and Guides, which carry’d his Luggage and Goods. ~ Pacra, a great Oppreffor of all his Neighbors, ‘hearing of the approach of Nunnex,, fled, but terrifi’d with threats, return’d with three other Princes, which were all fo Deform’d, that more ‘horrible Monfters were never feen, fearce ‘any part about them refembling thofe of a Man: The Guides which sen eon in Teaocha had provided for the Spaniard defir'd that he might be put to Death, for waaeg _ the Cruelties which he had long committed ; whofe Requeft being g arayaedl he with the other three Princes, were given as a. Breakfaft to the Spanifh Wists Mean while, the Spaniards were in danger to have perifh’d for want of Water ; yet at laft, in a Thicket of Brambles, they found a {mall Brook, but none of the Indians durft venture to go'to it, for fear of Tygers, and ehiep Wild Beafts:, . relating, That the Tygers took many people in the nights out of their Huts, if ey were not careful in making faft their Doors. Jobn Lede/ma had himfelf eaten part of a Tyger, which for fix Moneths toges | Sssrstrcitinnofa Tyy ther, had every night feafted.on Mans flefh, or Beafts, which they caught in this manner: Inthe Path along which he pals’ d, coming out of his Den to feek for Prey, a deep Pit was dige’d, and cover’d very fleightly on the top, into which the Tyger fell ; yet shongh taken, fo fiercely withftood the Pikes, Darts, and Stones res athim, that every one was amaz'd to fee the fury of the Beaft. After that they fought Pas the Female, but found onely two young ones with- out a Dam, which taking along with hee , they put Iron Collars about their Necks, iniepiting to carry them to Spain ; but feeing no likelyhood of breeds ing them up, they brought them back again, purpofing to fetch them away. when grown fomewhat older, and accordingly coming afterwards to look for them , they found the Denermpty , fo that it was fuppoled they aid been de- your -d by their Dam. ~ Inthe Province of Bononiama, oie Spaniards inrich’d themfelves with Chains, stanne: further Journes and Breaft-Plates of Gold, which in great plenty hung on the Walls in every preter tai Silk Houke : At the River Cilio, they difcharg’d Teaocha’s Guides, and made ufe of Cotog and (iuriza, two Governors of a barren Trad of Land: full of Hills and Mountains; which they left on their right Hand, and sane three days over a Moraffe, in which they often funk to their Knees. In all thefe Travels, Viétual was fo f{carce that they were’ much weaken’d : by their wants; and though they took frefh courage when they got footing on King Buchebua’ TGaLiition, yet they found nothing but empty Huts; and the like, Pete? Arias his Voyage, and Fight in the Haven St. Martha, Strange Houfes and Honthold-ftuff. AMER (ICA. — | Chap. HI. like in the Cones of Chiori{us, both having a little before been pillag’d by - their more powerful neighboring Enemies. But although they could not fur: nifh Nunnez with Provifions, they prefented kim with.w eighty Ingots of Gold: but this rich Metal not ableto purchafe the leaft morfel of Bread: drove them into agreat ftrait; and indeed they had wichout doubt been all famifhed, had not Pocchoro/a, sninghiee King, fed them forty days together with ftamp’ d Roots. Thus refrefh’d, and inftigated by Pocchorofa, they broke by night in Tubunama’s Palace , and took him Prifoner with eighty Cpieubinde: who fearing to be put todeath, gave an incredible Treafure of Gold to puneiers his Ration Nunnez, thus enriched cameé at laft to his People ve which he had left on the River Daria, where two Ships fent from Figpaniola rode 4tan Anchor. | Whilft things were thus carry’d in America, Peter Arias Sail'd with fifteen Ships, Mann’d with fifteen hundred Men, to New Andalufia, by the Mlands Martinina, Guadalupe, and Galanta, allin America: a con derail time he Sail’d through ‘he Sea overgrown wieh Weeds. Afterwards anchoririg in the Haven St. Martha, he receiy’d a great repulfe from the Natives, who no ways daunted at the bignefs of the Ships, waded up to their Breafts in the Sea, and fhot many great flights of poifonous Arrowsat the Spuniards, of whomtwo being wound- ed immediately died. Arias fending fome of his Men afhore, they found ma- ny Boats lying full of Nets, gale of tough Weeds, and Rapes pleited of Rufhes, : In the Haven St. Martha, being three Leagues wide, are abundance of Fifh, which may be feen under Water twenty Fathom deep. But now the Spaniards that were afhore breaking into the Houfes, and taking Women and Children Prifoners , the Americans prepar’d for eahitins Fight, which at the beginning was very fierce ; but at ap they were forc’d to quit the Field. Their Houfes re Furniture in them are worthy of obfervation: their, Cie- - lings being cover’d with Shells ftrung on {mall Thred, which make a pleafing: What ufe the Americans make of the Root A4andi- boka, noife, when mov'd by the leaft breath of Wind. The Walls are hung with fine” Stuffs; woven full of Imagery, as Cranes, Lyons, Tygers, and fome Figures of Men ; the Floors are cover’d with -parti-colour’d Mats, made of Sea-Reeds, and. feveral tough Roots ; and their eerpe befet with Pearl add al{o a great beauty to their Rooms. In the Valleys the Spaniards found feveral precious Jems, as Baphiresy Jaf- per, Emeralds, and great pieces of Amber; and in fome Huts, scmningir and. Chefts full of rie ‘d Locufts, and Crabs. Here alfo grows the Root Yuca, as alfo on feveral other We/t-Indian Coafts, of which they make their beft Bread; -and is call’d in Hispaniola and Angola, Tuca : by the Brafilians, Mandiba and Mandiboks . by the Mexicans, Quaubcamotl: : grows with athick or midling Body, according to the fruitfulnefs or basal neds of the Soil ; the Leaves are like thofe of a Tulip, and have {mall Flowers and Seed, but no ways ufeful, the Root, not unlike Horfe-Raddifh, hath a milky Juice, which {wells ic exceedingly , the Sprigs, which in the eighth and. tenth: Moneth hoot out of the Roor, live for new Plants ; andif at any time. it happen, that either by a moift Seaton: or by Worms, or Pifires the Plant is {poil’d, then it occafions fuch an inconyenience amongft the Inhabitants, that half of them in that year die of Famine. The, Leaves of the Mandihoka ferve them for Sallads. Out of the Root, which ~ Chap. | AMERICA. | 73 ' | = } 3 Zp S ri él ae which they lay foaking five days in Water, they make Meal, which the Portu- guefe call Farina frefca, but the Americans, Vipeba. - Moreover, Mandihoka. ferves them to make Bread, which they bake over the Fire ; and mix’d with Water, Pepper, and the Flour Nhbambi, makes an excellent Pudding, by*them call’d Mingaude Carima, no lefs pleafing to the tafte than wholfom Food.: and with -Orange-Flour, Water, and Sugar, it makes that excellent Julep Tipioca. The Powder of Mandiboka put into a Wound, cures very {peedily. Ic is very plea {ant to fee the Americans eat this Bread, for they tofs ic by handfuls at a pretty diftance from theit Mouthes without letting fall the leaft Crum. Laftly, it requires great art and trouble to make the Mandiboka fit for Bread: firft they muft peel off the Shell, then put into a Mill turn’d by two Indians ic falls, being Ground, into a {quare Trough. The Juice proceeding from it is mortal, if eaten when raw, but wholfom if boil’d: the Meal they put in a Prefs, and when all the moifture is drawn from it, they ftrow it in an Oven to dry. Buc the.wild Mandiboka, by thofe that liveon the Sea-fhore call’d Cuace Mandiiba, and up inthe Countrey, Cuquacucuremia, differs both in fhape and goodnefs from the firft. | 3 But to return to our matter: Arias coming to an Anchor in the River Daria, , ie in New was cheerfully receiv'd by Nunnex ;~ his firft Bufinels which he undertook was the building of three Forts, to fecure the Paffages to the South Sea; to which purpofe Foannes Aiora received the Command over four hundred Workmen. Moreover, Arias took great diflike in the Place call’d Maria Antiqua, which the Spaniards were fore’d by neceffity firft to Plant in: it lay ina deep Valley be- tween high Mountains, fo that icnot onely wanted the benefit of the rifing and fetting of the Sun, but when in or near the Meridian, it fhin’d down upon them, and fcorch’d all their Plants, and the tepifi'd Moraffy Grounds about the fame infe&ted the Air, andthe Water which they took up to wath their ~ Houfes, immediately bred Frogs, the River Daria overflow’d the Grounds with his muddy Water three Leagues diftance from the Sea ; the Paflage thither | L alfo : iy a) liad i ae 1 iB : vy >| 4 cw 8 ‘ 4 ft if j hi é | ) 74 A firange Accident. Remarkable Trees. Remarkable Journey of Moralis to the South Sea, én Strange Pearl] Solifius his miferable d, “A MEBKRIC A. Chap. I: alfo was very troublefom, becaufe of the uneven Ways; and befides, the Ty- gers and Lyons devour’d many People and Cattel. i) ee The firft Night that Arias lay in Maria Antiqua, the Houfe wherein his Chi- ° rurgion Lodg’d was fir'd with Lightning, who running out with his Wife, be- ing both {corched by the Flames, faw a very great Crocodile, which fnatch- ing up his Dog ran away with him towards the River. pa | The neighboring Territory Coiba produced Trees, whofe Timber us’d for’ Shipping never breeds Worms, becaufe of its acerbity,; whereas on the con- trary, all other Veflels in that Countrey are-very fubject to that inconvenience. Here alfo grow thofe famous Plague-Trees; whofe very Leaves, if but falling upon one, are like Gods Arrows, mortal,and immediately kill, unlefs the Place whereon they light be ftraightway anointed with fafting Spittle : and the Coi- benfers fay, that they know another poyfonous Wood, which they ufe to de- {troy their Enemies withall. Whilft Arias was confulting about the beforemention’d Affairs, he fent feve-. ral Comanders to divers Places, to take a furvey, and give him an account of their Return of all their Difcoveries. Amongft others Ga/ber Moralis was order’d to march towards the South Sea, to confirm the Peace which Nunnex had begun with the Kings Chiapes and ‘Tumaccus ; and chiefly to go to the Pearl-Ifland with fixty Men, which Nunnez, was forc’d to leave, being ftrefs'd by tempeftuous Weather. Chiapes and Tumaccus were according to their promife, to prepare an Army ready for his affiftance againft his coming ; which indeed they pers form’d, fo that they wanted nothing but Veffels, for the biggelt of theirs could not carry above three or fout Men ; yet they undertaking their Enterprife, Landed feventy Men on the Ifland; upon which the Inhabitants under their Kings Conduét ran to meet the new Landed Forces, and crying out aloud Guazzdvara, Guazzavara, they ran in amongft the Mufqueteers with their woods den Swords ; but the report of the Guns, mix’d with Fire, Smoak, and Bullets, foon amaz’dthem : the King flying, thought by alarm to raife all the Iflane ders; but they being informéd, that no People whatfoever could withftand the fire-{pitting People, made Articles of agreement with Moralis, and Condition’d to deliver a hundred pound weight of the choiceft Pearls to the ufe of the King © of Caftile ; and as a teftimony of his Friendfhip he was Chriften’d Peter Arias, from the Governors Name of New Andalufia. How great the Treafure was which Moralis brought from the Pearl Ifland may appear by one of the Pearls, for which Pope Leo the tenth gave forty four thoufand Ducats to a Venetian Merchant. Amongft the Commanders which were fent out by Arias, was alfo Jobana nes Solifivs, who Sailing fix hundred Leagues Southerly, along the Coaft of the Caribbies, beyond (ape St. Auguftine, he found the Inhabitants of Pernambuck to be no lefs cruel. than fubtile ; for being invited afhore, he with fome of his Men Row’d thither, where no fooner Landing, but were all kill’d and eaten in the fight of the other Sea-men aboard ; at which being amaz'd they weighed Anchor, and Sail’d away, Freighted onely with Brafile Wood, to © Cadiz. ' Afo in an unhappy hour did Jobannes Pontens putfome of his Laundreffes afhore on the Ifland ‘Guadalupa, to wath fome Linnen for him, for the Iflan- ders coming ona fudden out of the Woods furpriz’d them, and forthwith kil- ling without mercy, cut them in pieces, and cartbonadoing, eat their broil’d Fleth hot from the Coals, while Gonfalws Badajocivs Sail’d with eighty Men ; Wefterly, Chap. IL. AM ERIC &Z: 4 75° Wefterly,and having gone fixty Leagues he went afhore,and fpent fome days in -yain,to Cotrrt the Americans to a friendly correfpondency : which whilft he was doing, he was recruited with fifty Men from Daria, Commanded by Lodowick Mercado : fo both agreed together to travel over the Mountains to the South Seq: "The Governor Jaana, whofe Jurifdictions abound in Gold, flying with moft part of his Treafure, was never heard of, onely they took fomeof his Slaves, Stange Slaves. whofe Faces were ftrangely Carv’d with fharp Fifh-bones, the Wounds GIl’d with red and black Powder, . which fo difcolour’d the Flefh that it could never be gorout. After that they travell’d through the Wildernefs five days together, being onely met by fome Indians carrying Maiz, who fignifi'd to them, that King Periguete liv’d along the Sea-fhore, and up into the Countrey the blind Totonoga ; of both. which they got an unvaluable Treafure of Gold. Great poott. Amongtt other Pieces of that rich Metal was one which weighed two pound. Taracura rais’d in this Expedition eighteen thoufand weight of Gold: and 9 little lefs did they take out of the Territories belonging to the Princes Pana- . nome, Tabor, Cheru, and Scoria : The Prifoners ferv’d them in ftead of Horfes, they not being able to carry all the Gold themfelves, the meaneft Soldier having above three thoufand Pounds Sterling for his fhare. | They were now got to Panza’s Kingdom, not without leaving fad remarks _ pefirasion of the Spe- of theit avarice and cruelties. When Pariza furrounding this Party thus loaden with Gold, Charged fo fiercely, that atthe firft Affault feventy of them were flain, thofe few that efcap’d brought the tidings of their fad misfortune to Peter Arias. Amorigft thofe that efcaping return’d, was Francifcus Delapuente, whofe obfervations concerning catching Parrots and wild Fowl, we will briefly relate, the digreffion being but fhort. | The Indian where the Parrots are moft frequent climbs inté a Tree, and sb aay wig ts catch chattering like them, with his Voice imitating their Notes, allures his fellow- . prater to draw near, and fufferhim to take them in his Hands. But more belongs to the taking of wild Fowl, as Geefe, Ducks, Swans, and the like : From the bottom of their tanding Pools and Lakes in that Countrey grow Weeds, which {pteading upon the Water ripen, and rotting breed Water- Flies, Spiders, and Frogs, upon which the Fowls feed. Near thefe Pools in the Gardens grow Cabbages as high as Trees, which often dropping into the Water ferve the Birds both for Neftsand Food: but the skilful Fowler finds it his beft way to take one of thefe Cabbages, and making ic hollow in the middle, claps it on his Head like a Helmet, then going into the Water up to his Chin, and paffing foftly along infuch manner, that nothing is feen but the floating Cabbage, and coming near the Birds, he takes them one after another by the Legs, and puts them into a Bag ty’d about his middle for that purpofe. But what is more worthy obfervation is the American Bird Toucan Xochitena-~ suange Bird Tomean. chate, having a flefhy Bill, like a Mouth full of Teeth, which continually opens | and fhuts to draw Breath, having no Noftrils,; the Back, Neck, and Wings, ate black, the Breaft yellow like Gold, the Belly and end of the Tail of a Vermillion colour. | This Bird Toucan feeds for the moft part on Pepper, which tarries not long — EvacuatedPepper. with them, but muted almoft as foon as fwallowed = which Pepper thus eva- cuated the Natives value above their common, becaufe the unpleafing {harp acidity, or biting quality is thereby much mitigated. But to return: Whilft the Expeditions under the Command of Peter Arias had fuch bad fuecefs, Arias himfelf and Vafchus Nunnex hapned to chafh : Nun- L 2 nex Original of the Name Fucatan. Stately City. Campechinm a City. Remarkable Images,and flrange Stage, AMERICA. Chap. III. nex, who fince his difcovery of the South Sea was held in fome tepuce at the Spanifh Court, had built four Ships on the Shore of the fame.Ocean, to make farther infpections along the Coafts thereof : but being commanded to come _ to Arias the Governor, he was'committed to Prifon, and accufed of high Trea- fon, as if he had interttions to fettle himfelf in Peru, and abfolutely to have left Daria: all:which though he difown'id, and ucterly deni’d with great protefta- tions when brought to a ‘Trial, and no witnefs to affirm the contrary, yet was by Arias’s fpecial Order Beheadedi)) Bee | | Not long after:which Lupus Sofa, Governor of the Canary Ilands, was fent. to fucceed Arias in New: Andalufia. a4 ‘a | os Shot The. Expeditions of Francifco Fernandez, Lupus Caizedus, Chriftophero Mordntes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan Grifalvas. ’ . Ernandez, Caizedus, and Morantes, antient Planters in Cuba, obtain’d.a Licence from the Governor Diego Vela/ques; to Rig out three Ships witha hundred and ten Meh to difcover new Lands. : Velafques thought fit to add one more to their number upon the Kings account; which Truft he committed to Ignie guex,: all of them confulted with the experienc’d Navigator Antonio Alamines. Six days the Fleet had been at Sea, when they difcover’d Land, which by a miftake was call’d Fucatan, becaufe the Inhabitants being ask’d what’ was the Name of the Coaft, anfwer’d Jucatan; which, asthe Spaniards were afterwards inform’d, fignifi'd, We underftand you not. w hiatal: Upon the Shore they found a City, whofe Stone Buildings, . with ftately Fronts and high Turrets, {hew’d moft magnificently. Fernandez call’d this - City for. its wonderful bignefs, Cairo, from the Egyptian Metropolis, famous through the World, 90. The Spaniards coming to Land were courteoufly receiy’d, and conduéted in- to the City ; the neatnefs of whofe Marketplaces, and exaétnefs of their Streets, they beheld with admiration; as alfo the coftly Stuff Garments both of Men and Women : but their wonder increas’d when they beheld. very arti- ficial Croffés, concerning which upon inquiry they related, That.a Man more glorious than the Sun, being bufie in ere€ting the Croffes, died. But thefe People, though fo courteous and civil at fir, feem’d in few days to be weary of theit company ; which the Spaniards obferving founded a Retreat, and Sailt ing Wefterly, proceeded on their intended Defign, and foon after anchord before Campechium s the King-of which condugted Fernandéx and Morantes, with fome others, into the City, confifting of three thoufand Houfes. Inhis Palace they were entertain’d with all manner of Fowl roafted’: After which retrefhs ment they furvey’d the City, in which, amongft other curious Build ings, was a high, but {quare Theatre of Marble, on which ftood the Image of a Man, on all corners aflaulted by four wild Beafts, which were of a no lef firange than horrible fhape. Not far from’ this Image they faw a Serpent fafhion’d up of Chalk and little Stones; whofe coyl’d-up Tail was forty feven Foor long, and ofa proportionable:thicknefs, . This Serpent, Sprinkled with Mens Blood. yet warm, feem’d to prey upon a Marble Lyon: both thefe were inclos’d witha Stone Rail, within which Malefadtors were daily executed. BloodyBows and Atrows broke in final] pieces lay between the Bones and dead Bodies. Igniguer, ~~ eall’d Chap. AMERICA. fi : ~~ ¥ y 7 ‘ ‘ ee, Se mY G ; ; “i. | “ : . y } f~ . r fa . * T | 3 . send i ’ a. ; ) _ > , : ~~ ee call’d the King Lazarus, becaufe he difcover’d his Countrey on St. Lazarus’s Day. f - Making no long ftay here; they return’d to their Ship, and weighing An- chor Sail’d fifty Leagues more Wefterly, the Fleet got fight of Mofcobo, in the Territory Aguanil, whofe King affaulted the Spaniards with fo much fury, that two and twenty of ther were flain, and fcarce one efcap’d which was not wounded : wherefore they retutn’d, with bad fuccefs‘to Cuba. Yet Velafques no ways difcourag’d thereat, not long after fitted out four Veffels, Manning them with three hundred Menunder the Command of Juan Grifalya and Ala- mines; who having Sail’d feventy Leagues ,difcover’d the fruitful Ifland Co/umella, along whofe Shore ftood fair Stone Edifices, intermix’d with Temples, whofe Steeples appeat’d above the Houfes. Grifalva beitig led up into one of thefe Steeples by a Prieft, faw ata diftance off at Sea the Territory Jucatan: and in the Place where they were,there were {pacious Halls, full of Marble and Stone Images of deformed Men and Beafts, which with a murmuring noile, and burning of incenfe they religioufly worfhip. The Spaniards call’d this [land Santta Cruz. | 7 Mofiobo a City? Spaniards flain, ‘ Mighty Tfland Cofumella. Sailing from hence they direéted their Courfe to Campechium , where the > year before they had been fo civilly treated , where arriving, and without any fear coming afhore, they found the Campechiums quite of another humor than they were the former year, telling them, They would not fuffer any Strangers to beamoneft them; and placing a burning Torch between theirs and the Spa- -nifh Forces, threatned, That if they did not depart in quiet, they would force them: which accordingly they endeavor’d, making a fierce Onfet upon the Spaniards, who being now come under their Battlements, when they faw their advantage, pour’d what they had kept as a referve, whole Volleys of {mall Shot amongft them; which ftruck fo much terror, that they all ran away, fhifting for themfelves, and crowding into the City. , The Spaniards found afterwards Fucatan to be but a Peninfula, and came be- ” L 3 fore Spariards fight with the Campechians, Strange paflages on Za- elce, Sacrifice-Ifand. Exceeding horrible Sa- crifices, Maiden-Ifland. Pontenchianum a City. AMERICA Chap. Ill. bi ; I I forea-River which fell om fo ftrong a Current into the Mexican Sea, thar. it retain’d its {weetnels for the {pace of two Leagues. fe This River, flowing out of the Province Tabafco, was call’d Grifalya': upon whofe Banks food above fix thoufand Americans ; and in the Water appear’da hundred Boats with Armed Men, which Row’d aboard the Spanifh Ships. The Interpreters of Cuba, whofe Language agrees for the moft part with the Tabafcers, prevail’d fo much, that the King him(elf came to the chief Com- mander Grifalva, and bartering with him, gave him as much Gold as his Iron Helmet, Breaftplate, and other Atmor weighed. Soon after they Landed on the Ifland of Sacrifice, fo call’ dc from the horrid Sacrifices which the Inhabitants made daily. - | Amongft other ftrange Images, there ftood a great Lyon of Marble, feem- ing almoft deéollated with a great gafh; into which Wound they pour’d hu- mane Blood warm, which’ was receiv’d into a Stone Trough fet for that pur- pole underneath ; hee the Figure of a Man Carv'din Alabafter, bowing fore ward, as if looking i intothe Trough upon the Blood. Thofe which were Geeeed were Prifoners takep on the neighboring Coafts, whom bringing before their Idols, they ripping open make no farther inipe Ciel but onely to whip out the Heart ; with which having {mear’d the Lips of their Idols, they © throw itinto the Fire : i, Heads and Corps they let lie unburi ‘d ; whofe ae parts, efpecially their Cheeks, they feaft upon. The next Ifland is inkiabived by Women , to which Annually their Neigh- bors go, pretending merry kindnefs, but upon amorous inclinations: and Plough and Till their Ground, and Weed their Gardens. The chief City of Tabafco is Pontenchianum, and contains above fifteen hun- dred Houfes, all built of Stone hardned with baking after their manner ; which in fome Places, befides their Turrets and Temples, yield a pleafant Pros {pect at agreatdiftance. Fourteen eminent Towns more did the Spantar ‘ds alfo fee in Tabafco. When Chap. IH. AMEKIC A. When in converfing with them they obfery’d their ftrange manner of Seal. ing their Bargains and Contracts one with another, they were amaz’d, for not ufing Wax,they ufually Seal’d their Compaéts with their own Blood,common: ly drawn with a Stone Knife, either from their Tongue, Hand, ot Arms. Their Priefts live fingle, and if found to be Unchaft, are punifht with Death. An Adulterefs is fold for a Slave : Unmarry’d People may not frequently con- verle with Matry’d: Thirty five days in the year makes their Lent, in- which they abftain not onely from Flefh, but Fifth alfo, feeding onely upon Roots and Herbs. In this place the Spaniards were teceiv’d in great. ftate, Canopy’d with green Palm-Tree-Branches, and in like manner conduéted aboard again, not without many Prefents, viz» the Effigies of a Man curioufly wrought in Gold, wherewith they return’d to Cuba | : Sect. IX, The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian, common, call’d Magellane. “He Bifhop Bartholomew de (afis, living a confiderable time in Hifpaniola, , in the City Dominico, being inform’d of the abundance of Pearls which were caught before Cubagua , and the unfupportable cruelty of the Spaniards there under Ocampus, us’d againft the Inhabitants, went to Spain, with a defion to obtain of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, the Government over. Cumana and Cubagua, under pretence, to draw the ignorant Natives from their Idolatry, to Chriftianity ; which his requeft was efpecially promoted by William of Nuffaw, the Emperors prime Favorite; fo that having-his Letters Patents granted to that purpofe, he took Ship, and arriv’d with three hundred Spanifh Gentlemen of Quality in (umana: And that they might have the greater re{pect fhown to them there, they had each a Red Crofs given them, fuch as the Knights of Calatrava generally wear. Yet little did Ocampws, the old Governor of Cumana, regard either them or their Authority ; for in ftead of receiving and fubmit- ting, he kept the Bifhop de (ajis out by force of Arms; who then made.com- plaint to the Vice-Roy of the Weft-Indies in Hispaniola, and in the mean time, put his Cargo into a new Store-houfe. | But whilft he made his Addreffes, Ocampus having fufficiently inrich’d him- felf departed, which incourag’d the Cumaners, who already were incens’d, and weary of their former fufferings, to venture on a defign, whereby they might revenge themfelves of the Spaniards, which their undertaking prov’d fo fuccefs- ful, that very few efcap’d the Maflactre:; Of which, de (afis being inform’d, and much difcontented thereat, betook himfelf to a Dominican Cloyfter in Hi- fpaniola. ; | | Yet not long after, the Cumaners paid dear for that flaughter, for one Caftellio, though not without feveral Engagements, with various fuccefs, lafting forty days together, having at laft utterly vanquifh’d them, put to an ignominious Death, Hanging up feventy of their Princes, and to them of meaner quality, fhewing as little mercy. . As little fuccefs had Lodowick Lampagnano, ent out by fome Spanifh Merchants, with Letters Patents from the Emperor to Fifh for Pearl, before the fame Cuba- ga; to which purpofe he carry’d peculiar Nets and other neceffaries with him. But the Cubaguan Spaniards unanimoufly withftood him , fo that not being able to effect his defign, oyer-power'd with a Melancholly Diftemper that broke his Heart, he dy’d. ; In 79 Strangé making of Ob- ligations, ie, t Bifhop Cafs fad effe& con- cerning the Pearl catching. Dy» Cruelty of Cafleligo in Cu- mana. Lampaguana difcontented, So MageBanus Expedition, how it happend, Strange Giarty Streights of Magellan; how found. AMERICA. Chap. IIL Inthe interim, while thefe {carce confiderable Voyages turn’d to fo {mall account, Ferdinand Magaglianus (for fo Peter Martyr calls him, and not Magella- nus, which herein déferves to be credited, becaufe they were jnbiearel9 ac- quainced, and great friendfhip between ret) undertook to Sail round about the World ; thie occafion of which we will here relate at large: This Magaglianus, or Magellanus, a Gentleman of Portugal, having perform’d things of great importance for his King, in Africa, although with no lefs trou- ble than Charge, defir’d an addition of half a Ducket a Moneth added to his Annual Penfion ; an inconfiderable Sum to make a Requeft for, yet though fo little, was as niggardly deny’d: Whereupon, highly incenfed, he fludy’d no little revenge ; to which effect , foon after an opportunity was prefented, by means of Francifcus Serranus , ah writ from Ternata tohim, that he fhould {peedily come thither, chick he foon after did upon this account : Pope Alexander the Sixth, having fixt Terminaries between the Kings of Ca- flile and Portugal, both bufie at thar time in difcovering new Countreys, Or- der’d, .That Ca/tile fhould poffefs all the Coafts lying to the Weft of the chief Meridian, and Portugal to the Eaft : By vertue of this.partition, the rich Spicy Molucca Mlands fell abfolutely to the Portuguefe : Now Magellanus perf{waded Charles the Fifth, that they might be Sail’d to with a Wefterly Courfe, and there- fore belong’d to Caftile ;: Which advice, Charles the Fifth confidering, and ap- proving, Rigg’d out five Ships, with which Magellanus fet Sail from Seyil, the tenth of Anguft, Anno 1519. five Moneths he ply’d up and down the Coaft in- habited by the Patagones , where he found none but one fingle Perfon , or ra- ther a Monfter, a Giant ten Foot high, who coming Aboard his Ship, decease d a great Hamper full of Biskets, and at one Draught drunk up nine Pottels of Water. He alfo faw feveral Trees which had been Hew’n with Axes, and Crof= fes made on the tops of them. Whilft he lay in that Harbor, which was call’d St. Julian, he Cafhier’d his Vice-Admiral, fohn Carthagena, with his Father Con- feffor, and {paring their lives, fet them afhore, and there left them to feek their Fortunes, though they had Confpir'd to Murther him. Magellanus from thence Sailing afterwards Southerly along America, to forty — two Degrees Southern Latitude, was engag’d with the eddyings of a very ftrong Current, which driving one of the Ships into a Bay, {plit againft a blind Rock, but the Men being fav’d in their Boat, were driven farther and farther into a-Channel between high and Snowy Mountains ; whereupon he immediately judg’d (as the famous Negromancer Roderick Talerus had often told him) that there was the Paflage, through which the Northern Ocean flow’d into the Southern ; wherefore he refolutely adventur’d to Sail into thofe Sraights, which in fome places narrow, and in others broad, is an hun- dred and twenty Leagues long, and full of fmall Ifles and dangerous Rocks. ~ Whilft he ftill Sail’d on, the Ship call’d Antonio, Tacking about, return’d to Cadiz. But Magellanus enter’d the great South-Sea with three Sail, on the 25. of Offo« ber, where the Sea-men fuffer’d extremely by exceflive Heat, Drought, and Fa- mine, three’Moneths and twenty Days, without fight of Land: And aow, their Shooes, and the Leather which cover’d their Shields, , began alfo to grow {carce ( which before had been counted a Dainty ) when they difcover’d two Iflands lying two hundred Leagues diftance one from another, yet both Defo- late and Barren, wherefore they were call’d the Unfortunate Iles: After that, they came smongtt a great number of Iflands, w hole Inhabitants were much — inclin’d Chap. TI) | AMERICA. inclin’d to" Thievery ; for which caufe they Denominated them Ladrones, the chiefeft Ifland call’d Borneo, hath two hundred fifty four Leagues in Circum- ference, whereon a Tree gtows, whofe Leaves when faln off, feem to be alive and creep like Worms. The King of this Ifland entertain’d the Spaniards very courteoully, two Elephants bringing his Prefents to them on the Shore, out of a City confifting of twenty thoufand Houfes. Near Borneo are two leffer Ilands,call’d, Zuo and Matan; The King of Zubo free- ly fubmitced himfelf to the Spaniards, and Magellanus leaving his Fleet at Anchor in the Haven,went with his own and other Indian Boats,and attended with fome of the Zubenfers to Matan, where fetting a Village on Fire,he carry’d great Riches from thence: This not fatisfying , he refolv’d within eight days to fet upon the Royal Head-City , but the King in his own Defence, Encountering with Magellanus, flew him, and feven Spaniards mote, befides twenty two dangeroufly wounded ; thofe which efcap’d by flight, got to Zubo, where being invited to Dinner by the King, they were all of them (in flead of a fecond Courfe) Mur. ther’d at Table. The occafion of this was outof Revenge, becaule the Spaniards had fall’n too foul upon their Women and Maids, Devirginating, and forcing them to their Pleafure, than which rudenef{s nothing was among them more Deteftable. The Sea-men weakned by thefe Misfortunes , were neceffitated to burn their third Ship, call’d, St. Jago, but Sailing to the Molucco Mlands with the other two,they Freighted them both with Cloves; with which the Ship Tri- nitas Sail’d to New-Spain through the South-Sea, and the Victoria, Commanded by fobn Sebaftian de Lano went the fame way which the Portuguese us'd, and foto St. Lucar de Barramedd® near Sivile, where he came to Anchor with his Ship and eighteen Men. | | SEC TT. Xs Ferdinando Cortez his Voyage. Lthough feveral’ Expeditions of the Spaniards to Americd prov'd vety un- fuccefsful at the firft, yer they ftill undertook them afrefls, ‘and with re- newing Courage: Ferdinando Sottus, thotigh ke Landed: five hundred Men in Florida, yet brought no Treafure from thence » onely he cut off the Hands of fiftéen Princes, becaufe they would not difcover their Mines of Gold. Yet far worfe’ fiiccels had Pamphilus Narvaex, who loft both: his Fleet and Men, faving onely ten out of fix hundred, in the River Palma, and they alfo afs terwatds dy'd there,or éat one anotlier to fatishie their raging Hunger, But much better was the fortune of Ferdinando Cortex, Sailing from. Spain to America, in the Year 1519+ who having the Command given him over ten ftout Ships, and three Frigats with five hundred Foot, and an additional. Force of fixteen Horfe; rais’'d by the new Spanifh Inhabitants on Cuba. with which For- ces Landing on the Ifland Cozumella’, he prohibited Humane Sacrifice to their Idols; and Eredted-a Crofs with the Image of the Virgin Mary, in one of their Temples, and releas’d Hieronimus Aquilaris, after a fever years Slavery, having fuffer’d Shipwrack with Valdivia; at which time fome that fay’d themfelves in the Boat, were by the Current in thirty days driven to Jucatan, in whichtime feven dy'd. of Hunger,, the reft going afhore, were no fooner.Landed,'but Sas crific’'d by the Natives to their Gods or Zemes. Among the fix that remain’d,yee left alive, and to be offer’d. after'the fame manner ithe next day, was this, 4qui- laris, who with his Companions, breaking Prifon, in the following night fed . to SI Magellanus flain. Spaniards murdered; An end of the Voyage about the world, Sottws cruelry. Miferable end of Narvaer. Cortez his Voyage, ‘Remarkable delivery, es ve AMERICA. - Chapriin to a Neighboring Prince theit Enemy,and one that maintain’d a continual War againft thefe Cannibals. | Strange Battel. Here Cortez fent Articles of Peace to Taxmarus the King of the Countrey, but he fleighting his proffex, came down upon him into the Field with forty thou- fand Men, drawn from the City Potanchanum , which contain’d above twenty choufand Houfes,all built of Stone : And indeed the Spaniards had here feen their laft day, had not Cortex drawn by a feeming advantage the Enemies under his ~ Canon, and fent his {mall Party of Horfe to attend the motion of the Rear ; when fo foon as they had fir’d their Canon, making great Execution, the Front routed, and the Rear terrifi'd with the noife and {moke of the Guns, they alfo broke, being at the fame inftant Charg’d with the Horfe, which were fo terrible to them that never faw Horfes, nor fuch Service on Horfeback before, "that ina fhort time the whole Body of fo great an Army was utterly diffipated, Petanchanum, aCity. and the triumphing Conquerors took poffeffion of the empty City Potanchanum, i | where Solacing, they ftaid a whole Moneth. Then from hence they Sail’d to ‘ae i | Colvaca, where, upon the requeft of the Natives, they fettled a Colony. Amongft ah the Prefents which were there given to the Spaniards , were fome of their Hi f z Dives Rooks ot een Volumes, Books, whofe Leaves were made of the innermoft Rind of a ples. ~~" ‘Tree, and a kind of Pafte, made of their Meal, glew’d together; the Cha- raéters ftood at fome diftance one after another, rang’d like our Chrift- Crofs Row, or 4, B,C. EOS | | Here Cortex was amaz’d to behold their ftately Temples, the Floors whereof were cover'd with Embroyder’d Tapeftry, befet with Precious Stones, to which great multitudes flock’d, being very zealous to perform their Devoti- ons. When their Seed is put into the Ground, or come to its full growth, they of- fer young Children to their Zemex, richly Cloth’d, having been fatten’d fome. Weeks before :, When they want Children they kill their Slaves, and in de- fault of them, they pacifie them with Dogs. Straiige Sacrifices? The Viétims that go to be Sacrific’d, they Worfhip with all Adoration, Bows ing and Congying before them. | Strange IdolkWorfhip: ‘heir Zeal in this their Idol-Worfhip may appear from a ftrange Cuftom, obferv’d by them when they enter their Temple, viz. they either draw Blood out of their Tongues, Lips, Ears, Breaft, Knees, or Palm of their Hands,which they throw into the Air, fuppofing thereby to be pardon’d by their indulgent Gods. | Zempoal, 4 City. In the City Zempoal, Cortez found five Slaves, who being kept clofe Prifone ers, were to be Sacrific’d the next day; but he releafing them, did upon the importunate requeft of the Quines, or Priefts, and promifes of great ranfoms, and their telling of him that the Zemex would fpoil all their Seed and Plants that year, if they did not go on with thefe Offerings, reftor'd the Prifoners again ; who, though the enjoyments of all happinefles in the other World were promis’d them by their Prieft, and great affurance given thereof; yet they were not forward, but return’d, unwilling to fuffer, though by fo gainful a Sa- crifice. | | Zemevienderfal tdol} =» -At the Zemex Feet hung abundance of Mens Bones bundled up together, and under them were Written the Names of their Enemies, whofe Flefh had been either Sacrific’d or eaten. | Twelve Leagues beyond Zempoal, Cortex builea new City near the Rivet Grifalva, and call’d is Vera Crux, which Diego Velafques relented fo ull, it being done : . s Chap. IIL. | AMERICA done without his knowledge,that he petition’d the Council of (uba to give Setis tence of Death againft the Founder: But whilft Cortex expected an anfwer from the Embafladors (which were fent to the Spanifh Court to give account of the neceflity of building a City there) he travell’d eighty Leagues Wefterly. The Zempoalenfers accompanied him in great Troops, hoping by that means to fhake off the yoke of the mighty King Montezuma, againft whom they were then defign’d. (ortez coming into the Territory of Sincuchimalar, was in the Name of Montezuma, by one of his Princes, courteoufly entertain’d in a great Village, {cituate on a fteep Mountain, without any Path or Way leading to ic, but by two high Ladders. Sincuchimalar lies furrounded with Hills, whofe tops feem to touch the Clouds. Coming down from the Village, they tra- vell’d through a barren and cold Valley, where they fuffer’d fuch great Incone veniences by want of Provifions and Water, and exceeding coldnefs of the Weather, that many of them perifh’d. After that, they afcended a pleafant Hill, on whofe fummit ftood a Chappel, with a handfom Steeple, and hedg’d about with great heaps of Wood, brought thither by the Inhabitants for the ufe of their Sacrifices. At the foot of this Mountain was a fruitful Valley water'd by a pleafant River, on whofe Banksa certain Prince nam’d Cacatami- nus hada Palace, built of Stone, and containing many Rooms,and convenient Lodgings. Somewhat higher tothe Land, appear’d more of the like Scru- cures, which were all under Montezuma’s Jurifdiétion ; but the neighboring Countrey Tlaxcalla , whofe Inhabitants were famous’ for their Valor, would never receive any Laws from Montezuma. . Cortex no fooner fet footing in this Countrey, but he was fet upon by a thous fand of the Inhabitants,who at the firft Affault kill’d two of the Spanifh Horfe, yet after this bold Charge, the Affailants fled, and on the next day defir’d Peace; whereupon the Spaniards march’d quietly into the Countrey, when a cconfus’d Company,or Forlorn-Hope, making a horrible Noife, fet upon them, but after a flight Skirmifh, they “fled to their Main Body, which immediately drawing up, being at leaft a hundred thoufand, hemm’d in the handful of Spa aiards, and fo were ready to {wallow them, leaving them no Angle to efcape at. Thus invironed, they were aflailed on every fide, fighting till Sun-fet, and had undoubtedly been utterly deftroy’d, had not Cortez ply’d his fix Pieces of Cannon, difcharging continually Volley after Volley upon them; and though the Execution was very much, yet the Sound: and report of their Ordinance was more terrible to them that were out of the reach of the Bullet, and made more to the gaining fo great a Victory, F ear conquering more than Slaughter; fo that by the Evening, defpairing either of their Safety or better Fortune, the whole Army disbanding fled: But the purfuing Conquerors firing five of their Villages, remain’d Mafters of the Field; yetthey, though thus totally routed, taking frefh Courage (a wonderful thing!) reinforc’d them, and fet upon the Spanifh Camp, with no lefs than 150000 Fighting Men: Yet note - withftanding fo vaft an Army, Cortex fo well order’d his fmall parcel of Men, and fo valiantly led on upon all Advantages, that he in like manner defeated this, as they thought, Invincible Preparation. Thus flefh’d with fo much Blood of the Natives, he raged every where, giving no Quarter where-ever he went. Mean while Quefitangal, a neighboring Prince, having alfo raifedan Army with which he defign’d, being affifted by darknefs, craftily to fall into the Spas nish Quarters by Night, fubtilly diflembling , fent Embaffadors fate ore, 83 Cortes his Exploits Remarkable War ‘hn all «calla, ‘A’Plot firangely difco- ver'd, Strange Martial Affairs. Now Aesicg. Wonderful Mountain Po- jocat epeque, AMERICA Clas. AP. fore, with feveral Prefents, and Overtures of Peace, which indeed were onely Spies, to take notice where they might beft break ‘in upon them; which Cor- rex miftrufting, arid foon being inform’d of the whole Defign, heccttloffiehe Spies Hands, fo fending them back to Quefitangal with Defiance: Hereupon the Indians siehinediatély fetting forward, took advantage of the enfuing Night, and with great fury fell upon the S ciieds: who preacquainted eich: the-De- fign, were in fo'good a -pofture to receive them, that not able to endurefuch hot Service, they quickly retreated, and utterly gave over.the Enterprize: But _ Cortez.as much encourag’d by chefe Victories, purfu’d them, and the fame Night Storm’d Tlaxcalla, 2 City containing aici twenty thoufand Houfes, which in few Hours he cartied. This City was curioufly built, of bak’ d Stones, anda place of great Trade ; infomuch that the Market- -places fwarm’d with Buyers and Sellers, battering one with another all manner of Provift- ons, as Fifh, Flefh, and Bread, alfo Plumes of Feathers; Baas, imbroyder dy Tapelthy, Chalk; Stones, ‘Timber, and Herbs. is a Twenty days Cortez ftaid here to refreth his Army, and chins march’d to the neighboring City Chiurutical, with the Auxiliary Forces of the Tlaxcallans, to the number of above a huindeed thonfand ; they told him, That the People of Chivrutical had barricado’d up their ‘Sameets, laid upon the tops of their Houfés great-heaps of Stones, that their upper Rooms were ctamm’d with Archers, atid all things made ready both for Offenceand Defence ; which Advertifement he not. much hearkned to,becaufe he was conducted into the City with all their State-Formalities of Singing and Tabering aa their Tamboes and every where courteoufly entertain’d. Mean while Montezuma had rais’d a great Army, which were in their ad- vance; not onely to the defence of his Border, but to furprize them them while they ftaid in that City, the Townfmen having invited him thither to their re- {cue and his owm defence, hadinot the Plot been accidentally difcover’d by a Chirutecan Woman, who giving advice to one of her Friends that follow’d Cor- tex, that he fhould immediately make his efcape, becaufe that all the Strangers would be deftroy’d within few Hours, who came and inform’d Cortex there of. whereupon he defir’d all the Magiftrates of the City to come and fpeak”™ with him, who no fooner entred’ the Hall where he was, but his Men by Conimand immediately fhot them to death, which terrible Rumor fpreading, and alarm’d with the report of the Executing Mufquets, the City was fuddenly in an Uproar, gathering thither Arm’d from all Places, and began a fharp Confli&, which lafted five Hours ; but then wearied out, and defpairing of Suceels, footie their Courage, they defit’d a Ceffation; see at Jaft concluded Peace with the Spaniards. This News of his difcover’d Intention, fo ftartled Montezuma, ae he fup- pos’d it better to defift,and procure the Favor of Cortex by Prefents; wheres fore he fent him’ 15000 Cotton Habits, trim’d up very richly, ten great Charts gers of Gold, and fome Veffels of Wine; defiring him for a while to forbear his Intentions of marching to Tenuftitan his Chief City, and chat he would in the mean while treat with him for an Accommodation. But Cortex, though he accepted of the’ Prefents, yet neverthelefs held his Refolution of marching on. | Eight Leagues from Tenu/titan he faw the double-f{pired Mountain Popocate- peque, fo call’d from the Smoke which continually afcends from its top; for Popoca fignifies A Smoke, and Tepeque, 4 Moantam, The Smoke rifes uptight,and - with Chap. IIT. AMERICA. 85 with fo much ftrength, that by the greateft Wind'it deviates not one jot froit mounting upwards in a dire& Line, to whofe forked Head ten Spaniards Re- folv'd to climb ; but having got (ates half way up, they were forc’d to fe- turn, the Afhes lying knee-deep ; yet at lafttwo more refolute conquer’d all wine tolution of two. Spa- thofe Difficulties, and got to the top, where the mouth of the Cave, as they guefled, ‘meatard four Miles in Circumference : The fhaking of the Moun- tain, and roaring of the Flames, frequently burfting forth, fo much terrified them, that they ftaid not long there ; for, as we faid, the Ground not onely crembled under them, but the Fiery Gulph ejected great Stones, which falling down on all fides of the Mountain, rolled to the bottom ; and aaah lat doubt they had there perifh’d, had they not fpeedily run to a hollow neighboring Hill, from whence they came at length to the reft of their Company, where they were admir’d by the Indians for their undaunted Refolution, and prefent- ed with feveral rich Gifts. Thefe Indians had a Tradition, That for wicked Princes, and fuch as had not govern’d the People well, this was the Topher ap- pointed for their Torments. Cortex being got through the poor Territory of che Guaxazingers, and having A Ae 8 fuffer’d ofeat Cold upon the Mountains, difcover’d Amaquameca, the chief City “ of the Province Chialco, feated in a great Biakee, to which he row’d in a kind of Boats, by the lahabieanes call’d Acales. ‘Paffing from thence, he was. courte- oufly receiv’d in Iztapalapa, another City, which boafts bios eight thoufand Stone Buildings, befides admirable Palaces, with {pacious Rooms, delightful Gardens, and Ponds full of Fifh,and almoft cover’d with Fowl , from whenee a Wall or Cawfe-way of a great breadth, that crofs’d over both Land and Wa- A very ftrange Cave ter, led from Ftapalapa to Tenuftitan. This Cawfe-way hath many Bridges, 9 aa which are drawn up intime of War, under which the Water runs out of a Salt Lake i into a Frefh, that ebbs ane flows, although lying between high ) Mountains, and feventy Leagues from the Sea. | ’ On both fides this Wall, being ten Leagues in length, appears three great M Towns, 86 AMERICA. Chap. HE Towns, vize Mefiqualifingo, Colvacana, and Vuichilabufco, all Populous, and wells built. , How they make Salt, (olvacana is fupplied. by the Salt Lake, to its no {mall benefit and inriching; for the Water being by Pipes convey’d into the City, in all the Places and Ci- fterns for its reception makes a Scum, which being coagulated by the Sun, and after boyl’d, becomes Salt, with which they drive a great Trade ; forno Salt being to be had in any place but here, all Foreign Merchants come thither for Supply. Cortex being in his March within a League and a half of Tenuftitan, Montexu- ma, preceded with a thoufand of his Noblefs, came to meet and falute him, all of them rather like Pilgrims, bare-footed, and congying, kiffing their right Hands, with which they firft kifsd the Ground : After them appear’d Monte- zuma himfelf, who put a Chain of Gold, imbofs‘d with Pearls, about Cortex, his Neck, and immediately conducted him to the City, where having entred, geri edb. and being come into the Palace, Montezuma plac’d Cortez on a Golden Throne, ; and furrendred up his Right to his Catholick Majefty of Spain, inthe prefence of all his Peers, to their no {mall amazement. "A But whilft all things had a good face, and, went on thus fairly beyond their ay expectations, Cortex was inform’d, That King Coahcopoca had a Defign on the i | -new City Vera Crux, and had treacheroufly murder’d two of the Garrifon, ih) and wounded two more : Whereupon Cortex having {uch fair beginnings, who had fwallow’d already in his Hopes the whole Empire and Wealth belonging to Montezuma, laid hold of this Occafion, pretending Treafon, and breach of Contract, wherefore he put Montezuma under Cuftody, nocwithftanding he had clear’d himfelf of the Confpiracy, by bringing: Coalcopoca, with. his Sons, and fifteen of his Peers, Prifoners to Tenu/titan, who by the command of Cor- tex fuffer’d a lingering death, being all burnt with Green Wood, But in vain did Montezuma think to reconcile himfelf with Cortex, fince all he did could -yender no manner of fatisfaction ; however he continu’d to oblige him by freth Favors, whofe Relation we will be more particular in, as meriting the fame. pat ; Montexuma’s Grandees {eem’d to be much difontented, becaufe he had with- out the leaft refiftance or confideration fetled a handful of Strangers to domi- neer over his whole Dominions, by which his weaknefs and pufillanimity, he was now a Prifoner, like a common Malefaétor, who had formerly govern’d fo mighty Territories. Amongft feveral Princes which feem’d thus to be concern’d, was Catumazin Governor of the Province Hacolvacan, who had he not been furpriz’d and attaqu’d the Night before by the information and dif- covery of Montezuma himfelf , he would have hazarded the ruine of all | (Cortex, his Succeffes: But now Fortune ftill daily more {mil’d, giving won- derful Advantages to the Spaniards; Silver and Gold continually flow- ing like Rivers from all Quarters, that their onely trouble and puzzle was where and how to difpofe it : but yet for all this, they were not free from jealoufie, that Montexwma’s Forces might fwallow theirs , though he was fecur’d ; of which you may judge by the vaftnefs of his Imperial City | a eae Roy= Tenuftitan, feated in the Province of Mexico, where a Salt Lake mixes its Wa- ters with a frefh River, both which in circumference contain, as we faid, fe- venty Leagues, and diftant from the Main Land five or fix Miles ; the Water about it continually cover’d with {mall Boats rowing up and down, It hath four Stone , befides Draw-Bridges in feveral Places, and ftrengthned a) riya iat | AL iF Gates 4 AL giardino del S - Caf da li folanzi deb § « Dit gusfe fiame Conducons H. Tefgua _ a a = ee Ed 5 am = — Chap. [If. AMERIC 4, Gates no lefs artificial than coftly,which lead from the City tothe Main Land, ' The Frefh Water is convey’d through the Salt in a Wall’d Channel, out of which none may take up Water, except they pay Excife to the Kings Farmers. This City boafts above fixty thoufand Houfes, all divided into Iflands, but joyn’d with great Wooden Bridges : The Market-place furrounded with Gal- leries, drives a quick and conftant Trade, being always full of Buyers and Sel- lers. Inevery Street they have a publick Inn, in each of which they keep Or- dinaries, wherein the Tables are ftor’d wich well-drefs’d Flefh and Fifh, not wanting plenty of Wine. Their. Trades are divided into feveral Companies, and they have their peculiar Places to dwellin. They deal very much in (4- caos, @ Fruit not unlike an Almond, which beaten to Powder, and prepar'd with feveral other Ingredients, gives name to that excellent Drink now in ufe with us, call’d Chocolate: They grow onely on moift and warm Grounds, and are.us'd fo currently in Tradé, that they go in ftead of Money. Amongft ma- ny beautiful Edifices, their Guild is very magnificent, wherein twelve Judges, attended by a confiderable number of Officers and Servants, fit daily, hearing and determining all manner of Caufes; The next is their Chief Temple or Minfter, built quadrangular, all of Free-Stone, having four Portals, opening into the four principal Streets or Triumphs; that end at the four Stone Bridges. On the Walls, being of an exceeding height; ftand feveral Turrets, fo high, that they feem to hide their Spires in the Clouds; and have Apartments, wherein the Priefts Diet, Lodge, and Study, which are afcended by Marble Steps. Thefe Religious Perfons are generally of Noble Extraét, which at fe- ven years old are carried thither, where leading a very ftri& Life, they never come forth to fee the World, till they enter the State of Matrimony. The fa mous Coloffus, that ftood over the Rhodian Haven , between whofe Legs all Ships did Sail, that came in or went out of the Harbor, cannot ftand in competition _ with the ftupendious Idol Vuichilabuchichi, whofe Head touches the Arch’d Ceie ling of the high Temple. ‘Near his ftand feveral leffer Images, made of Meal and all forts of Herbs bak’d together, and kneaded with Mens Blood. Along the Walls are exceeding dark Vaults, in which the Priefts onely walk ;° over them are large Halls, full of Prefentations of their Gods, which ferve for the Burying-places of their Kings, Whilft (Cortez and Montezuma were viewing the Temple, two Spaniards rufh’d fuddenly into one of the Cells, where they found abundance of Lamps and Torches burning, and the Walls bedaub’d two Inches thick with Humane Gore: Over-head hung vaft numbers of their Sacrificing Knives; and the ftench of the place was intollerable. But Cortez going on, Montezuma and his Attendants refented it very hainouf- ly, that he pull’d down fome of their Idols, and durft prefume to look in the Kings Face ; for thofe People bear fo great Reverence co their Kings, that none dares fo much as once look up in their prefence’: His Council ftand bare- footed, ftooping with their Faces bow’d almoft to the Ground before him: Four times a day they change theit Apparel ; and a Suit which they have once Worn, is put to no other ule, but prefented to fuch Soldiers as have done fome eminent Service. Whatever manner of Chargers, Difhes, Pots, Cups, and other Veffels the Emperor is ferv'd inat his Table, are every Meal new. The King hath in Tenuftitan three great Structures, whofe Magnificence,for Coft and fare Architecture, can hardly be parallell’d. The firft isthe Refidence for all deform’d People: The fecond, an Aviary for all manner of Birds and Fowl, , al - | M y being Cacaos'5 what manner of Fruit, : Stately Temple? Horrible Images. Grardeur of the Kinge in Tenuffitam: , Strange Garden-houfes. Chap. II. being a fpacious open place, Roof’d with Nets, and furrounded with Marble Galleries. The third, being a Den for Wild Beafts, was divided into feveral Rooms, wherein were kept Lions, Tygers, Wolves, Foxes, and all manner of Four-footed Animals. __ But whilft Cortez having aid waiting eight Months in Tenuftitan, fis the xeturn of the Meflengers fent to the Spanifh Court, receiv'd Tidings, That Pam- philo Narvaecy, by order of Velafques,was come with eighteen Sail, Mann’d with eight hundred Foot, and eighty Horfe, from (uba, and now riding before the Mexican Coaft,; from whence foon after he receiv’d unexpeéted Command, to come prefently aboard unarm’d, and refign up his Authority : But he in ftead - _ of fubmiffion, compell’d Narvaecy in a fhort time to relinquifh his Title, and own him for Superior. Mean while the Spaniards which remain’d in poflelfi- on of Tennftitan, ran the hazard of a general Maflacre ; for the Citizens much ftomacking the Oppreffions of the Spaniards, who grew ‘very infolent, inflaving their King, bringing their inveterate Enemies the Tlaxcallans and Guazuxingans into their City, exacting them to pay Tributes, pulling down their Gods, and demolifhing their ancient Idols, they brake out from all Parts in a tumultuous manner, ran to Arms, and befi ieg'd them Day and Night in their Fort, al- though Montezuma cadéaial dto perfwade the contrary. Cortex hearing fi it, came to their relief with the New Forces Landed from Cuba; but he fighting his way ere he could get in, was fo roughly entertain’d by the Mexicans, that they kill’d him forty Men, wounding as many more, and notwithftanding fifteen Field-pieces with cision) Shot made foul Breaches, leffening the number of the Affailants, yet they fuddenly fill’d up their Vacancies again with frefh Men, which amber d over the Heaps of thofe that lay nee Three Daysthe Battel had continu’d very fierce, when Montezuma being with the Spaniards in the Caftle, went to a low Window, to fee if he could com- mand his Subjects to retreat ; but a continual Cry fo.deafned their Ears, aad fhowres of Arrows and Stone fo. took’ away their fight, that he did nothing: Then Fs “Chap. fl. Moff MERICA lm ig tlaeg to > mc Went toa : o Lao W 5 -. LOOKING Ov Wt. stone, of which he‘died c en ae d tremely. by Famine; wer, which feddieene cae ge ifchief, . 7 louf son fire, yer they: could difcern’ n sie ec ra a: : bef so mele their -efcape by Nigh over Bridge >. eadine pp igoren ‘Treafures; which a fail’ d. him, ‘on both ies, and liaries 5»and although. gott f i a) tred_thonfanc ipaekes, amuet he Soldiers, Fight the Sc tyice. was fo hot, that Cor. fty Spaniards, and two thou fand Auxi« 1 Sethe, they, were. ftill purfia’d by the Mexicans, ‘who. woul d the ¢ we nave made a general Slaughter, had not Cortez amufed the ] un ; ses: Bi _* in the Night. great Fires in: :feveral Places, his fuppos’d amps, whillt he fil ‘lently ftole away.: Yet the Tenuftitans would have purfu ‘d the Spaniards; had they not wanted Provifi ions: But Cortez fending his Treafure before him, through the Countrey Colya, to Vera (rux, Montexurha eed oe eco tex loft forty.two Horfe,z . with a Convoy of five Horfe, and forty four Foot, wereall cut off by the Col» vdans, and feafted upon ina Thank{giving Sacrifies The fame misfortune be- Spaniards beaten afreth, fel ert Spaniards in Tepeacu, which great City furrendred it felf up to Cor- Remarkable Exploits of tex, being affifted by a mighty Army of Thaxcallans' and others. But after all thefe Loffes, he took Guaccachiulla, and Izzuca, both fortified with ftrong Walls -and Gates ; in which laft he burnt above a hundred Temples, built for Hu- mane Sacnifices: All the Countrey through which he thus ranfack’d, he call’d New-Spain. From the City Tazuco, which he had newly taken, idcending. fo befiege Tenuftitan, he digg’ d through the Lakes a broad Trench, of above three Leagues in length, to bring up thirteen new Ships to Tenuitan 2 and the neighboring People envying, that that Gity fhould not be conquer -d, as well as theirs, rais'd an Army of above a hundred and fifty thoufand Men , making Cortex chait General; Himfelf incamped on one corner of the City, appoint- ing the other two fides to be invefted by Gon/ales Sandovalo, and Pedro Alyarado; but the Befieg’d refolutely broke out, and made a fierce Sally with five thou- fand Boats, fetting upon achat alo Ships ; but the great Guns made fuch ex- ecution ied havock amongft them, that they retreated with great damage. (Wheever were taken Prifoners in this Fight. by the Spaniards, the Tlaxcallans, Cortex, being Commiffion’d by Cortex, feafted upon. Ontthe feventh day the City | remain or Maxice, was taken, but not without great Slaughter, and the new King imprifon’d. After. this mighty Conqueft, Cortex refolv’d to difcover thofe Territories that lay Southward; and whilft he was making all things ready for the Vay- age, he fent two Ships with an invaluable Treafure to Spain, who fearing to be taken by the French Pyrats, ram in at Tercera, where a miferable Accident , sore scat oceafion’d hapned to the Seamen of the biggeft Ship, wherein were carried two Fyocrs, which though taken young, and bred up amongft men, yet had not fo quite forgotten ait natural ferocity, but that one breaking loofe in the Night, tore feven of them in pied@s, hurting a far greater number, of which fome had the Brawns»of-their Arms, the Calves of their Legs, and flefhy parts of their ‘Thighs bit out. Several Places in America breed Tygers, that far exceed Lyons in fiercenefs ; M 3 fo i E | AMERICA. Chap. TH. fo that where any confiderable number of them frequents, though the Soil be never fo fruitful, yet it is left defolate and forfaken. But the Baboons that Seange Battel wah Bae frequent the Woods are more pleafant, and lefs dangerous. Peter Arias relates, re That his whole Army incountred with'thefe Beafts, which climb’d from one Tree to the other, fhrieking; and making very ftrange Gefticulations to thofe that were gone before, and gathering their Moitths and Hands full of Stones, which they threw as exact and ftrongly as a Man. When one of thefe -. Baboons, fhot by a Mufquet, fell tothe'Ground, the reft gave fuch a horrible “fhriek, that the Woods refounding with the noife, ftrook a terror into the Spa- niards, Amongft feveral things that haptied in this Counter-fcuffie, take this one: A Spaniard taking aim with his Mufquet at‘an old Baboon, which fate pearch’d up in a Tree, and being now juft ready to give Fire, the Baboon Sols dier, at the very inftant, to break the Shot, taking 2 Stone out ‘of his Mouth, threw it exa@ly into the Mans Mouth, with fuch force as beat out fome of -his Teeth, with which fudden blow furpris’d, ‘he loft his Mark, and the proud Foe, fhewing figns of Triumph, went his way- > Bur-whilft Cortez ftaid in the'Countrey of Tenuftitan (now call’d Mexico) Francifcns Garajus (ail’d out of the Haven of Jamaica, with eleven Ships, tothe River Panucus, there, according to the Command of the Emperor Charles, to planta Colony : Whereupon he went afhore, ordering his Fleet to fail along in fight of Land: So wading through the River Montaltus, which glides be- tween high Mountains, he came to a Morafly Ground, in which he and they often funk'almoft up tothe Middle, and loft his way ina -Thicket of young Trees; yet at laft being come to the River Panucws, he found feveral high Greatdeftiuéion’ Walls, being the Ruines of Fortreffes, Temples, and Towers, deftroy’d by (Cortez; fo that the City lay quite defolate. Twenty Leagues further, upon che Banks of the fame River, Cortex had in like manner fack’d and deftroy’d Chiglia, a’ Town which before its burning teckon’d above twenty thoufand Houfes, befides many fair Palaces; Walls, Towers, and Temples : Which Cru- : elties and Spoil had bred fo great an Odium in the Inhabitants againft the Spant. rhe usfortuiate Bape? ards, that they immediately fent an Army againft Garajus, who had only a few dition of Garajus. half-ftarv’d Men with him , yet he receiv’'d the Enemy twice in his Retreat to the new Colony St. Steven, rais’d out of Chiglia’s Ruines ; but finding nbd Provifions where-ever he came, he judg’d it fitceft to fend his Horfe into ‘the Countrey to Forage ; which Cortex meeting, took Prifoners, under pretence that Garajus came to take Pofleffion where he had neither Authority nor Right. Cortex alfo inade himfelf Matter of Garajus Ship’and Fleet, commanding him withal to appear in Tenu/titan , which not knowing how to avoid, he obey’d: His People mean time ranging up and down without a Head or Commander, either died by Famine, or were murther’d and eaten by the Natives ; for at one Spaniards rofted: time the Americans made a general Feaft with two hundted and fifty rofted Spa- - viards ; But their days of Triumph lafted not long ; for Sandovalus, one of Cora tex his Prime Officers, fet with fo much fury upon thofe Cannibals, that he kill'd feveral thoufands of them, andburnt fixty Perfons of Prime Quality,all Com- manders, in the fight of their Friends and Relations. But Garajus, whofe Son was married to Cortex his Daughter, liv’d not long after the Wedding, which occafion’d 4 murmur as if Cortez had poyfon’d him, to Aid himfelf of a Partner conchisAmbition’ iti his Government; for it had been generally obferv’d, that his Ambition fuf- fer’d no Equal. The Americans fell all down before him ; all were Servants alike : The Court which he kept fwarm’d with Atcendance, on which he {pent vaft Chap. III. we AMERICA. ee vaft Sums of Money ; yet his Incomes were able to beat fuch exceffive Difs burfements. He kept in conftant Pay five thouland Soldiers, and feveral Ships _ feady rigg’d and prepar’d on all oceafions, to hold in awe the én{lav’d People, or elfe for the Difcovery of New Countreys: Yet after all thefe extraordinae ty Charges defray’d, to fhew his Wealth and Greatnefs, he caus’d a Piece of Cannon to be caft all of maffie Gold : for the Kings which formerly acknow- _ ledg’d Montexuma for their Soyereign, gave him a yearly Revenue, mo of which were valu’d to be worth twenty three Tun of Gold ; for fo much the . >? gfe King of Tefcufcus, a ftately City, paid, whofe Houfes Plaifter’d with Whice--’ Lime, feem’d afar off to be rather a Chalky Hill or Mountain, cover’d with Snow : Full as much did the King pay which reigned in Otumba, notwith- ftanding he had receiv’d with his Chriftianity the Name of Ferdinand (ortex; yet others gave lefs: The King Guacinalgo, with his Mother, and fome Slaves, bringing Gold, came to prefent it to Cortex. and entring the Palace, through a Guard of fiye hundred Horfe and four Hundred Foot, which were always ready Arm/d for fear of Infurrections, he fell down proftrate on the Ground, Thus all things even out-went whatever he could defire, hope for, or imagine, And Alyaredo, one of his Commanders, being fent Eaftwardly, brought great. Treafures back with him, which the. conquet’d Kings were forc’d to raile, ‘But Fortune, who feldom continues her Favors long,at laft began to frown, for Cortex having fent an unvaluable Treafure of Gold and Pearls to: the Ems peror Charles the Fifth, Floryn the French Pyrate met with and took ‘ity. which went fo much to his Heart, that for a confiderable time he fent no Advice to the Spanifh Court, which made them grow jealous of him, doubting that he , intended to make himfelf King over New-Spain, and this Sufpicion was'not a little augmented by his Enemies. Se ee | Inthe Neck of thefe, follow’d another Misfortune; for Chriftopher. Olitus, fent out by Cortez to difcover new Countreys, rebelling, took up Arms againft him, being then in the Haven Figueras, five hundred Leagues beyond. Note withftanding the Spaniards, although amongi{t a new-conquer’d People, which without doubt long’d for Revenge, were not to take notice of their danger, but to go on with undaunted Refolution, whereupon Cortex drawing out a ftrong Party, march’d a long and troublefom way to meet Olitus, making great Slaughters where-ever he came... Francifco de las Cafas was commanded to go upon the fame Account by Sea, and arriving firft, found him fetling his new Colony, which he nam’d Triumph de Sanéta Crux ; and notwithftanding the Water with a Northerly Wind was very rough and boyfterous in the Haven Figueras (which the Spaniards call’d fo, becaufe they found Trees there, which growing at the Foot of the Mountains, bore a Fruic not unlike a Fig) yet they came.to a prefent Engagement, wherein Ca/as worfting Olitus, having funk one of hisShips, ftood out again to Sea; but furpriz’d by a violent Storm, and driven on the Shore, fell into Olitws’s Hands,who had a little before alfo taken of ‘His Misfortuness Esidius or Giles Gonfales. Thefe two Prifoners confulted together how they on Dist of two Spans might poyfon or murder Olitws, which fell out according to their defires, be- caufe the Servants of the Houle where they lodg’d fided with them; fo taking hold of the firft opportunity, as they were at Supper together, they ftabb’d him with their Knives in feveral places; yet the Wounds were not fo great or mortal, but that he retain’d ftrength to efcape in the dark toa neighboring Hut ; but the Affafflinates immediately fent out Meffengers, publifhing, That he who did not,knowing where Olitus was immediately bring him to them,fhould receive Chap. II, , ew i, ‘ receive condign punifhment ; which terrifying Olitus, he difcover’d himfelf, and was immediately beheaded. | During the time that the Spanifh Officers had thefe Civil Broyls one againft another, Lodowick Pontens,a Man well experienc’d in the Law, came from Spain to America, there in the Emperors Name to fettle all things in good order ;_ ha- ving alfo particular Inftructions, to fhew great kindnefs to Cortex, and to make him a Knight of the Order of St. James,that by that means the Emperor might be the more efteem’d for his Noble Subjects and Servants, amongf{t the Mexi- cans, who are themfelves of a proud and ambitious fpirit, and chiefly the'No- bility, which doth manifeftly appear by their Apparel, more gorgeous than the meaner fort of Americans ; and though the Slaves go ftark naked (having onely a Cloth tied about their Privities ) and with a Bowe and Arrows walk Musics: ppv] before their Lords, yet the Better Sort go very’ coftly Habited ; for about their Necks they wear Strings of Pearl ; on their Heads, a Cap, from whence hang down two Scarfs, one longer than the other ; then ‘a party-colour'd Cotton Coat covers their whole Bodies to their Knees, under which they wear a Velt girt about their Middle. - But at laft, after all thefe Services, Cortez difagreeing with the Vice-Roy Don Antonio Mendoza, being about that time fent over, went male-contented into Spain. ; Secr. XI. Diego Gottierez his Expedition. ( Ax 154.0.Gottierez being chofen Governor of New Carthage, weigh’d Anchor from (adiz, and failing to Nombre de Dios,upon his Landing clafh’d with Gotiere comets with Roderick (Contreras, in whole Place he was fent to fucceed. Two Years he {pent Contreras. without effecting any thing ; but at laft coming to Agreement with Contreras, he took the Governorfhip upon him, haying firft forewarn’d him not to de- pend Chap. IIT. ~ AMER IC 4. =r 93 pend too much upon his Authority, for the Countrey being full of Woods and Mountains, might hide many of his Enemies: But he not regarding the Advice, went a Journey from New Granada, and having march’d fifty Leagues Eafterly, he crofs'd into the River Syere, with fixty Spaniards, and was prefent. ed by the Princes of the Countrey with as much Gold as amounted to feven thoufand Duckets. Here he fpent fome Weeks, effecting. little; but now all things growing {carce, though he was very. earneft with the Natives for Provi- fions, yet he could get little ; which kind of Life the Soldiers difliking, and growing weary of, went away in the Night to Nicaragua. Gottierex thus left 1stortaket of al; alone, got into a Boat; with intent to follow them; .and being juft puc.off from the Shore, was met by. Captain Barjanto, who brought new: Forces: and frefh Provifions with him: This wrought upon him to ftay there. Not long after Alphonfo de Pifa went with twenty feven Men from Nombre. de Dios to the fame River Suere ; but ic being then very rough at the Entrance, he was necef- fitated to pafs on toa {mall uninhabited Ifle, where whilft he lay at.an Anchor, the Weather began to grow worfe and worfe ; the Gufts of Wind, mix’d with Great Tempest; Showres of Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, {eem’d to threaten a general De- firuction ; for in the Ship two Spaniards and one Moor were kill’d by the Lightning : In feventy two Days, the Sun did not fhine four Hours: At laft weighing Anchor, he fail’d’over to the Main Land, where he faw nothing but vaft Mountains and Wilderneffes. Here for atime they liv’d upon Cockles found on the Shore, and wild Fruits in the Woods: At length-coming to Gote tierex, he {ent him -with his People in five Boats to fetch new Forces from Nom- bre de Dios. In his way thither he faw a Houfe built of Canes, cover’d with Palm-leaves, forty five Paces long, and buile after an Oval fafhion: Round about it ftood feveral lefler Hovels, all which making upa Village, the Spani- ards nam’d Franci/co, becaufe they came thither on St, Francis Day. About half Village semife. way they met with the Lords of Swere and Chiuppa, goitig to attend Gottierez , to whom being admitted, and fitting with him at Table, he gaye them, asa Dainty, rofted Chickens and frefh Pork ; but they gave it to their Servants,not Strange manner of eating} delighting in the tafte of fuch Vidtuals. Gottierez , by means of an Interpre- ter, told them concerning the (hriftian Religion, at which they bow’d their Heads, without making any Anfwer: But how little mind they had to em- brace it, quickly appear’d ; for not long after, they fet their Villages on fire, and all the Provifions which they could not carry with them,they {poil’d,and fo retiring, hid themfelves upon inacceflible Mountains. Another Incentive leading them to this Fight, was, becaufe the Governor (amachiren, and his De- puty (notwithftanding he had given Gottierez as much Gold, when he came firft into the Countrey, as amounted to feven thoufand Duckets, as we mentie _on’d before) yet was put in Prifon by his Order, contrary to all Promifes : Nay, Gottierex threatned to burn him (not regarding, that he had befides re. - ceiv'd of him feveral Pieces of Gold, refembling all manner of Beafts, as Ty: gers, and others; and alfo Fifhes and Fowls curioufly wrought, which were valu’d at two Tun of Gold; yetthis Prefent feemed too little for him, whereupon bringing the Prifoner to a Cheft, he fwore that he would roft him Pysaeaen Covetoufiels by degrees, if in four days time he did not furnifh him with four times as | much more Gold as that Cheft would hold : Whereupon Chamachiren’s Servants Went away to get the requir'd Gold ; but he,through carelefnefs of the Watch, made his efcape in the Night, fo that Gottierex loft his Booty. Butthe other _ Prifoners, though threatned. to be torn afunder with Dogs, remain’d firm, wok | difowning AMERICA. Chap. HI. _ difowning that they had any Gold; and among the reft, one {peaking boldly to the Spanifh Officer faid , “That he flood amax’d at his treacherous dealings, why did he keep bim Chain'd againft Law and Promife, and often threaten'd him with death, but yet would not kill him ; for he, faid be, had rather choofe to die, than live fo miferable a life. paca Confcience troubling him, he would willingly have releas’d the Indian, and the rather, becaufe he promis’d to procure a great ranfome of Gold, but the inferior Commanders would not confent to it. After this they march’d fix days through great Wildernefles, and over high Mountains, find-. ing no Footfteps of any People. Laftly, They came down a very dangerous and fteep Mountain, where had not the Shrubs and jutting Stones ferv’d them to hold by, they had all broken their Necks. Dangerous Mounains, —-- Bifteen Leagues, the hanging of this Mountain fpread it felf along a {weet Strange Hus. River, om whofe oppofite Shore ftood ftrange Huts full of dead Tygers, Deets Heads, and Legs; here they ftaid two days to reft themfelves, where the Trees Mamei and the Cazabi Plants yielded them good Food. | Travelling forward, Gottierex ask’d an Indian which was the neareft way to 4 Village, but he pretending not to know any near hand, had his Head imme- diately cut off. In like manner, and for the fame reafon the Indian Prince fhould alfo have been Executed, had not Gottierex given order to the contrary, feeing his refolution , that with no lefs Patience than undaunted Courage, fretch’d forth his Neck to the Executioners. Mean while, their Provifions de- creafing, they fuffer’d extreme hunger; infomuch, that fome fainted quite away. The Souldiers alfo rebelling againft Gottierex for Food, he commanded them to kill their Dogs, and ftamp the Barks of Trees ; two days they tra- velled much difconterited in this manher ,:and at laft came to the entrance of a Wood, where they efpy’d an Indian ftanding behind a'Tree, which on a fud- den ran away with inCredible fwiftnefs: early the next morning , above four thoufand Indians came Marching againft the faint Spaniards, making a terrible noife withHorns and Drums; they were all except their Princes Painted black and red ; fome wore Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Collars of the fame about their Necks ; the fight began very fiercely , by cafting abundance | of Stones, and fhooting of Arrows, wherein, though Gottierexz was at firft Valiant fight, Wounded,- yet after half an hour the Affailants fled, but recruited with frefh Forces renew’d the fight , breaking into their Ranks, and making fo great flaughter amongft them with Woodden Swords, and Palm-Tree Clubs, knocking down, and dealing fuch deadly Wounds, that of the Spaniards, three onely efcap’d, faving themfelves by flight, who two hours after , much amaz'd and terrify’d, came to theit referve, confifting onely of twenty four Men, which Alphonfo de Rifa Commanded, the infulting Enemy at their Heels, waving over their Heads the Swords, Shields, and Crofs-Bows which they had gotten from the flain Spaniards; and fome withal crying in the Spanifh Tongue, Come Chriftians, come,and take Gold. But de Rifa, for all their pride, fet them going with fome Volleys of Shot; after this, efcaping innumerable other dangers, he came to Nombre de Dios, without having effected any thing of Note. _ a = —- Sal : a =r - Gd = rao, to 5 ~— eS an 3 as = >a : i = = ~— ». = ee “_ . ~ -e- ~ a— So => = ’ a “a 7 ~ - ° _ ' ~~ /— ~~ — ee SH ® = == a — sy =—— -s — Pe — a rs = < Pe — —— ee SS SECT. Chap. Ik $$ AMERICA ee X I. The Expeditions of Peter Alvarado, Francifco and Gonzalvo Pizarro, and Diego de Almagro. : i the City of Panama, in New Spain, liv’d three eminent Spaniards,call’d Fran- cifco Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, and Ferdinand de Luque a Prieft,; which joynt- ly defign’d to difcover farther Southerly along the rich Gold and Pearl Coaft, and infpe& the Southern Ocean. De Luque was to look to home-affairs » and Pizarro fer Sail firft with a Ship Man’d with one hundred and fourteen Men, which Almagro follow’d with feventy more , yet both were valiantly repuls’d by the Peruvians ; but although they recurn’d the firft time with bad fuccefs, yet they undertook their bufinefs once more, but with no better fortune ; whereupon difcouraged, the undertaking feem’d to be totally laid afide; and the American Vice-Roy, Peter de Rios forbad any to attempt a farther Difcovery concerning Peru. The former difficulties with this Edi& eafily wrought upon Pizarro’s men, all but twelve, to leave him; for the reft went over with the Ship fitted ‘out by Rios with fuccors to the Ifland Gallo, where Pizarro xefided, having alfo fail’d in his fecond Expedition. But although he had made two bad Voyages, yet having an inclination to a third attempt, he went to Spain, defiting of the Em- 95 Pizarro’s and Almagro’s remarkable exploits, ‘peror to be Governor of Pern , which he had difcover’d ; for befides his Plea’ of Merits he had taken poffeflion of the Country twice by Landing there, in- | tended for the ufe of his Imperial Majefty ; one of his Sea-men to that purpofe flourifhing his two-handed Sword over his Head , the gliftering’ of which Sword fo frighted the Natives, that none of them durft come near him. His requeft being confulted upon, was at laft granted, the Government of Peru being conferred upon him; but Almagro took it very ill, that Pizarro went to the Emperor on fuch a defign for himfelf; yet by the mediation of his Friends the difference was reconciled , then Pizarro fetting Sail with one hun- dred and fifty Foot befides Horfe, and Landing at the Ifland Puna, at firtt was _ courteoufly entertain’d ; but the Spaniards by extravagant hunting and fearchs ing every where their Houfes for Gold, and committing feveral other outrages, " incenfing,’ chang’d the humor of the Inhabitants fo much, that they fell upon them. In ftead of Enfigns, Standards, and Warlike Trophies, they ufed long Canes, at the end whereof were ty’d the Bones of their antient Hero’s, honor’d by them ‘after their death: Bue thefe Reliques fav’d not the Indians from flaughter, fo well as the coverts of ancighboring Wood. From this Ile, lying three degrees Southwartd of the Equinoftial, Pizarro paf- {ed over to the Main Coutinent , where they were all in a great confufion, upon the report of the Spaniards cruelties committed in Puna ; yet all the prepara- tions of the Indians to withftand, ftop’d not Pizarro from his intended courfe : for firft, having the fuccef$ to mafter Tampez, thence he made nothing to march his Forces over the River Ambato, there burning a’Temple Dedicated to the Sun. The Portico ftood towards the Eaft, the rifing of their God, before which hung a Curtain of their fine Cotton Stuff, within food the prefentations of two Golden Rams, fhaded with Black, andas many Dragons, before which the Fire never went out, continually fupply’d with Offerings of burnt Incenfe, Pigarre’s ight on Pana, Comes to Peru.i Peruvian Temple, on - Alvarado's Exploits. Notable Stratagem. of the Peruvians, Wickednefs of a Woman. Guatimala deflroy’d by a flood, Vela(que's Journey. AMERICA. Chap. HI. on the Pillars hung feveral Men flead, their Fleth kept firm, and free from all Putrifaction, with the infufion of a fharp Juyce. Here Mmsith coming to Pizarro with frefh Forces, they made no little Beaee tration into Peru, fatisfying every where their thirft of Gold, and flaughtering the Toothlefs Rint: a people who having offended their King » had by his order the upper Teeth of the whole Nation beater out. Peter Alvarado inform’d concerning the Riches of Peru , and well knowin how to infinuate with the Emperor in his fawning Lanes at laft by his Friends fo prevail’d, that, he alfo got leave to go thither; in purfuance of which, ‘Anno 1534. ie Weigh’d Anchor with feven Ships trou geila 5 eh Ci ty built by him between two Mountains.” Bur Landing at ‘Puerto Viejo, and Marching Eafterly over Snowy Mountains , he was met by Almagro, between whoma bloody incounter was like to have happen’d, but after {ome time, a Treaty being feta Foot, they came to a\Compofition on thefe Articles: That Alvarado upon the receipt of a hundred thoufand Duckets, fhould leave his Men with Almagro, and depart from Perw ; with which fum,. being inrich’d, he foon after Bie out fourteen Sail to difcover new Countreys to the Weft ; but being bufiein his preparations, was fent for to Mexico by Don Antonio. Men- doxa the Vice-Roy , to undertake.a Voyage with him to the new-difcover’d Countrey of Sibolla, abounding in Gold and Saffron, according to the report of four Dominican Monks ; and having already rais'd {even hundred Men, news came to Mexico, that Peter Zunica had receiv’d an overthrow by the Fadltade of Sas lifco, to whofe affiftance Alvarado March’d with all f{peed, and found the Indi- ans incamp’d on a high Mountain, fortifi'd with conjoyn’d Trees, and great Scones ty’d together with Rufhes, behind which they were fecure from Shot. The Spaniards climbing up the sdeneicedh , approach’d their Works, whenon a fudden the Defendants giving a great Shout , cut the Cords which held their Fortification together , whereupon the Stones and Trees tumbled down with fuch force, that they kill’d both Men and Horfe, few efcaping alive: In this confli& Alvarado himfelf was loft. His Wife Beatrix Cuova made a ftately Fune- ral for her Husband, and caus’d her Houfe to be Painted black, refufing either to Eat or Drink for a fet time, yet notwithftanding, all her pretence of for- row, fhe fo minded her bufinefs , that fhe took the Government of Guatimala into her own hands; but her Dominion lafted not long, for on the eighteenth , of September, Anno 1541. happen’d a hideous Tempeft of Wind and Rain, mixt with continual Lightning, and horrible claps of Thunder, and what was more terrible, was anfwer’d with roars and horrid bellowings from the’ cae verns of the sAuuataisi, at whofe foot Guatimala ftood. About midnight the Mountain was deliver’d, whofe Birth was the i irruption of an Inundating Ri« ver, a precipitate torrent tumbling down full of Rocks and Stones, which catry’d all before it, fo that in few minutes Guatimala was utterly {wept away, not the leaft foals remaining, nor any left alive except Alvarado’s Baftard Daughter by an Indian , and in the adjacent Fields, fome few, and they maim’d, ° with broken Arms or Legs after this utter deftrudion, they re-built sécthes Guatimala, three Leagues more Eafterly. But though Alvarado was loft in this Enterprize, yet the Voyage to Sibolla was not laid afide, for Francifco Velafques March’d chither with eight hundred Men, of which moft were Horfe, but found nought elfe but Snowy Mountains and barren Plains , infomuch, that his: Mentand Horfes were ftary’d for want of Provifion, wherefore he return’d without fuccefs to Mexico, having onely burnt fome Villages, and had feveral Rencounters with the Natives. | _ But Chap. IL AMERICA. But Attabaliba a Pernan Prince, inform’d of Pizarro and Almagro’s coming, commanded them both to depart out of his Kingdom ; but they not regarding it, march’d directly to Caxamalca, where Attabaliba kept his Court, who again fent other Meffengers to them with command to leave his Dominions. Pizarro made anfwer, that he could not obey any Commands but thofe of his Mafter 97 Attabalbd’s meflage été Pizarro. the Emperor, who had order’d him to fpeak with the King himlelf at his own | Palace. | Attabaliba hearing that Pizarro refolv’d to come forward, fent him a pair of Painted Shooes and Armlets, that he might put them on when he appear‘d be- fore his Throne : Captain Ferdinand Sotto march’d before with twenty Horfe,paf- fing clofe onthe Flank of Attabaliba’s Army : The Indians amaz’d at the praun- cing of their Horfes, retreated into their Fortifications, but were for their cowardize immediately flain by the King’s Order. 4 Sotto fenta Meflage to Attabaliba, That the Spaniards defir'd peaceably to Treat with him, ‘to which he receiv’d anfwer, That no Peace could be made, unlefs they reftor’d the Gold and Silver to the Owners, which they had Plunder’d from them, and forfook his Territories; which fo doing, they fhould have Audience the next day: Hereupon the Bifhop Vincent de Villa Viridi was con- ducted into the Royal Palace, in the City of (axamalca, and brought before At tabaliba, who came thither in great State ; with a Guard of twenty five thou- fand Men ; he was carry’d on the Shoulders of his prime Nobles in a Sedan, about which hung Garlands of Gold, and divers colour’d Feathers ; himfelf was cloth’d in a white loofe Veft, without Sleeves; his Temples were bound withared Ribbon, witha long Taffel on his left Cheek ; on his Fore-head ftuck three curious Feathers; before him March’d three hundred of his Life- Guard, all in one Livery, who clear’d the way through which the King was to pafs. The before-mention’d Bifhop carry’d in one Hand a Crofs, in the other a Book, difcourfing with the King to this effect ; That God is the Trinity, Adam the firft Man; Christ Born of a Virgin, dy’d on the Crofs ; the Pope God's VicesGerent, who according to the Power be had from Heaven, had given Peru to the Ems peror Charles, as alfo all other (ountreys in America ; and if he fhould prove obftinate, and refit, he muft expeét nothing lefs than utter ruine. Attabaliba reply’d, That he ferv'd Pachamaca, being the Creator of all things ; and next to him the Sun and Moon: How glorious do they appear (faid he) in comparifon of a Crucifi’d God ? To make Peace and Alliance with mighty Princes, was the true Foundation of wife Government : But the Pope muft needs be fenfelefs, devoy'd of all reafon, and withal highly unjust, to give away What was none of bis own, viz. other mens Kingdoms, in which be never had the leaft or Jmalleft concern. Moreover, he would not defert that Religion which he and his Anceftors had maintain d fo many Ages, and the rather, becaufe there are no apparent or Jufficient Tefti- mony of the truth of Chriftianity. The latter claufe was thus anfwer'd, faying, This Book, O-King, which Ibold im my hand, proves and declares all that you queftion. Attabaliba looking upon it, turn’d it over Leaf by Leaf, then look’d more in- tentively upon the Print, which done he clap’d it to either Ear, and at laft as altogether unfatish’d, in difdainful manner threw it away. But Pizarro gaining time while the King and Bifhop thus difcours’d, had drawn his Men in Battel-Array , his fixty Horfe he divided into three Wings, Commanded by his three Brothers, Ferdinand, John, and Gonzalvo Pizarro, left the Captains Sotto and Bavalcazar in an Ambufcade ; Peter de Canada march’d in the Van, and he himfelf in the main Body, leaving Sotto in the Rear. So foon as the Bifhop could acquaint them in what fcornful per eran N aoa His difconrfe witha Spa- nish Bifhop, arid his apparel, paar tsa —<=-- — -_ — aD ——— . rl a - 7 — ~ Fee ———_ - > - com = iid a AMERICA. Pizarro fights with ar. Daliba had thrown his Holy Book, The Word of God, upon the ground ; both At- tabaliba, “mies were Engaged, whilft their Trumpets founded, theiz Drums beat, their Canons roar’d, the Horfes neigh’d, and the Dogs bark’ d, they madea pee march up aehinht the Walls of Tsnates, which drenatak mixture of terrible noifes ftruck fuch a Pannick fear into the hearts of the Indians, that they all pre- fently broke, in their flight crowding one another to death at the Gates of the City, which being too narrow to receive them, they themfelves made breachés in their own Walls to enter ; which opportunity the Spaniards no ways neglect “ed, but entering with chehi fhot and kill’d all they could reach ; their Dogs Attabaliba taken prifoner, Bids for his ranfom an ttl valuable treafure. alfo having no little fhare in the flaughter ; whole companies of tidiae were trode under the Horfes feet’, yet near Attabaliba’s Chair was the greateft refifts ance, for no fooner fell one of the Bearers, but immediately another fupply’d the place, fo that the King was furrounded with heaps of his own flain Subs jeats, to whom Pizarro himfelf Charg’d up fo clofe, that having feiz’d him by his long Hair, he pull’d him out of his Throne, and having gotten him under him, fecur’d immediately in Fetters; whereupon all his Life-Guard forfook him, and fled-: But the lofs of the Battel, which was Attabaliba’s utter ruine, was laid upon Runninagui, a Captain appointed to lie in Ambuth, fo to fallin the Rear of the Spaniards with five thoufand men; but was-fo far from pet- forming his Orders, that’ terrifi’d at the uncouth noife of the Guns, and the reft, that he fled one ‘hui and fifty Leagues Southerly, before he ftopt, or halve ever look’d behind him in fo long a flight. Mean while, Attabaliba come pounded with Pizarro for his Ranfom, viz, to pay him as much Gold as that Hall in his Court ( where they made the Agreement) could hold to the top ; they firft meafur'd the heighth , then thelength, which was found to be fifty four Foot, and the breadth nine : In purfuance of this compofition, Gold was brought chiches from all places, according to Attabaliba’s order, yet he could not raife fo much as would perform his bargain}; which made che Spaniards to stumble : ro Attabaliba defiring fome longer time to perform it, telling Pi- RArYO, Chap. IIT. AMERICA. zarro, that moft of the Gold was brought on Slaves Shoulders , a long and efoubheremne ‘way, of two hundred Leagues long, fronithe City Cufco, and if this would not fatisfie, Pizarro might fend-fome of his own people thither, to inform him, that he seit not fear ie leat danger, as long as he was Prifoner with his Wife and: Children.” The tivo: Captains, Sotto, and Peter del Bare being fent away to that purpofe! met after forme days Journey with one of Attabaliba’s Leaders, who was bring: ing the King’s Brother Guafcar with a Party, Prifoner to Caxamalea, “Guijeat had now a fair opportunity’ to crave affiftance of the Spaniards , tele lirig them}: that he and Arcabalibas were the Sonts of Gwaynacaya, fo that the King- dom was to be divided becwixt’both. But Uttabalibashad by force made himfelf Matter of all, ‘whereas he being the youngeft , ought tobe fatisfi'd with that flare which Giifea, being the’ eldeft, would affign him, ‘for the: right of Inhe- ritance belong’ d juttly: to him, ‘and: yet the was carry ‘d away: -bound: to flaugh- ter: Bue if Pizarro ‘would. 08 jitftice in. delivering’ him’ out of his Brothers bloody Hands, “he would’ raife him thrice 4s: much Gold z as ‘Aetabaliba had pro- mis’d To. wadiiel Ppurpofe he defir’d Sotto: and Baro to put off their Journey to Cufco ‘whieh they t not dating’ to do; went on their way,’ and Guafcar defcend- ing the Valley Sutfubuaia, ‘was burnt alive by Aitabaliba’s Soldiers. Mean while, Almagro came 'with frefh Forces to Taxamalca, which occafion’d no {mall reubles in Pixar ro, who was onely thirfty after Gold : On the other fide, Almagro as greedy, grew jealous that Pizarro fhould keep the promis’d Hall full of Gold for himfelf; and he fhould have no fhare, becaufe Attabaliba was his Prifoner; therefore he earneftly defir’d ‘that Mtabaliba might privately be made away, and that the te might be divided to one as well as the other. Pizarro to prevent all inconveniencies that might happen from his diffent- ing, gave in the prefence of the King to every private Soldier a thoufand Duckets in Gold , and fix thoufand five hundred twenty five Silver Crowns ; the inferior Officers receiv’d four and thirty thoufand Crowns, and the others fixty thoufand , the fifth part of the Booty he referv’d for the Emperor: And notwithftanding Attabaliba perform’d his promife in filling the Hall full of Gold, yet he had the fentence of Death pronounc’d again{t him; neither would his excufe of Innocency ferve, or his Requefts to be fent to Spa there to clear himfelf before the Emperor , but fighing, and lamenting his misfor- tunes, was ty’d to a Poft, and Sfrangled in the prefence of Pizarro. For whofe Death, though a Heathen, Divine Vengeance purfu’d thefe cruel and unjuft Ar- bitrators that thus made their Will a Law, none of them dying a natural Death. Moreover it was obferv’ d, thata few days before this Execution a blazing Star appear’d, which Attabaliba feeing, prefaging fadly of himfelff{aid, That a great Prince would die in a fhort time; but Pizarro’s chief pretences for the Kings juft fuffering was, that he had cruelly murder’d his Brother Guafcar: But this was a meer blihd, for that thatincens’d them againft Attabaliba, was, that he knowing where the unvaluable treafure lay, which Guafcar had bury’ d, would not difcover it to them. Attabaliba, before his death, defir’d-that he might be bury’d in the Tetritory Quito , by his Father Guaynacava , whom the Peruvians for his great Juftice and Prudence in Government, believed that he would arife, and ferele the World fo troubled and full of diforder in peace and quiet : The Corps was accordingly N 2 carry d 99 - Burns his Brother Guaf- ar alive. An incredible fum ot Mo- ney given to the Soldiers. Attabalibe ftrangled, ak ee AMERICA. Chap: Ill: carry’d thither in great State after their manner, attended by his Brothcr, whom Ille{cas Ruminagui which ran from Attabaliba in the Battel, where he lay in ambufh when he might have done them good fervice; inthe way to his en- tertainment, receiv’d with all fhews of forrow; but when they were feafted to excefs, bury’d in fleep and Wine, he Maflacred and flea’d Ille/cas the Kings Brother alive, and made a Taber of his Skins Whilft Attabaliba’s Funeral _Bicarvo puts Quicgui Was thus bloodily folemniz’d, his General Quixquiz raisd a great»Army, ie which Pizarro encountring after-a valiant refiftance, totally routed; then And takes Cujca marching victorioufly to Cufco, he faw great Fires in the City, and the Citizens fighting with the Spaniards, {ent before; but the Horfe breaking in upon them, moft of them.fled the next morning to the Mountains: Thus the Spa- niards became Mafters of the City, where they infliéted the moft cruel tortures onall Sexes, by that means to force them to difcover, if they knew of any hid- den Treafures, being not {atisfi’d with what they found there, although they valuable Treafures had gotten a greater Treafure in Cufco tham that that they had extorted from Mi Attabaliba before: Nay, they gave thofe that were murther’d for Food to their Dogs : Among the reft,Didacus Salazar haying a very fierce Dog call’d Bezerril, had alfo an old Indian Woman his Prifoner, to whom he gave a Letter to deli- ver to the General Pizarro; the Woman had not gone many Paces before fhe was fet upon by Bezerril, whom Salazar let loofe, that he might delight himfelf in feeing the Dog tear the poor old Woman, but fhe obferving him come run- ing at her with fo great fiercenefs, fell down upon her Knees,and holding forth AS gamer patage ofa the Letter, cry’d, Good my Lord, good my Lord Dog , I muje carry this Letter to Gene- ral Pizarro, whereupon the furious Curr having more compaffion than the Spaniard, ftood ftill alittle , and at laft lifted up his Leg in a fcornful manner, Urin’d upon her, and return’d fatisfi’d; at which {portive behavior of the Cur and the Chrone, Salazar laughing, was fo well pleas’d, that he gave the Woman her life. , epee unhappy Jous After Cufco had been fufficiently Plunder’d, Pizarro made Almagro Governor thereof, with the Territories belonging to it, and built near the River Lima a King’s Town. Town, which’ they call’d Los Reyes. Mean while, Almagro receiv’d Letters Patent from the Emperor , in which he was nominated Marfhal of Peru; ene courag’d by that honor, he took a great defign in hand , for the Peruvians had reported, that the Golden Chili lay to the South; and Almagro being encourae’d, and affifted by Pizarro, March’d ingueft thereof with two Troops of Horfe, and five hundred Foot: But mean while there happen’d fo great Rains , and fuch foul Weather , that the Ways were almoft unpaffable , fo that the Expedition stew very troublefome ; yet however he went on, in which hard March he loft both Horfe and Men. | Whilft Almagro was upon this undertaking, Francifco Pizarro receiv d Letters Patent fromthe Emperor, in which he was Intitul’d Duke of Pern , but with a Salvo for' the honor before given to Almagro; yet thele balanc’d honors bred great diflention between the Duke and Marfhal, which Mango Inga another of Attabaliba’s Brothers obferving , laid hold of the opportunity , and fetting Mango Inga rakes Cuf*. yon the Spanifh Garrifon in Cufco, took the City. Whereupon Pizarro imme- - diately fent his Horfe thither, under the Command of Alpbonfo Alvarado, and Gomes de Todoya, againft whom the Indians fought very valiantly, infomuch, that the Battel was along time doubtful , yet at laft the Spaniards got a bloody Victory, and regain'd Cufco; hither after fome time, Almagro returning with ill fuccefs, having effected nothin g, was kept out by Ferdinand Pizarro, under pre- tence Cruclry of Ruminagui Chap: III: AMERICA. 101 tence that he could riot open the Gate without Order from his Brother che [Gone berween Atm Duke. Almagro much offended thereat , yet faying little , was fo privately lec ae ney into the City, that he furpriz’d the Gaedinot Ferdinand Pizarro, and his Brother Gonfalvo, with Alphonfo Alvarado Prifoners; {wearing that he would not reft be- fore he had rooted all the Pizarro’s out abi Peru. But whilft he was paffing the intended Sentence of Death upon them, Gonfalvo and Alvarado broke Prilon; and got away to the Duke; who troubled for his Brother Ferdinand there in cu- ftody, and in danger of his life, came to Compofition, whereupon Ferdinand was alfo releas’d : But this wasno fooner dorie, arid he had got his Brother fafe there , but the Duke regarding nothing lefs than the keeping of the new-made Peace, fentto Almagro, that the Emperor having given him the prime Com- mand over Peru, he requir’d him to leave Cufco , or elfe he would force him. Almagro fent anfwer, That if he could fee the Emperor’s Hand, ke would im- mediately obey, otherwife not; whereupon both Parties prepar’d for War, wherein they had many fharp bickerings in a fhort time: But Almagro being — amagro teangled: too weak fell into the Dukes hands, who order’d him to be ftrangled in the Gaol, and his body afterwards to be drawn to the Markerplace, and there phistiekis Beheaded. Ferdinand Pizarro being not long after fent to Spain, with the fifths of the gotten Treafure for the Emperor, was Impiifon’d in the Caftle Motto, for Al- magro’s Death: But what. further happen’d to him Paste oe or Dicahive. of him; hath never been Recorded by any Pen. But young Almagro, inftigated by his Guardian John Rade, tefolving , t oh Serene be reyeng’d for his Fathers Death, to that purpofe he went. to Los Reyes, where by nit help of fome hir’d Mleictutetacs: he defign’d to Murder the Duke + Toang Abpegre Sette ci upon St. John’s day, in the Church at high Service: But this bufinefs was not fo clofely carry’d, but the Duke had fome inkling théreof, who therefore ftay'd at home, ad went not to Mafs that'day. The Confpirators doubt- ing the event, hearing that their Plot was difcover'd, though defeated in their purpole, yet not fail’d in their Courage, ran at noon day tothe Palace, cry- ing, Kall the Tyrant, kill the Traytor. But Pizarro being fo much forewarn d, had lock’d up the Gates, and arm’d himfelf, which when they could not enter, yet they went back inéounh the City, and waving a bloody Sword, cry’d, Pizarro is flain; this being believ’'d, above two thissicdeed private Feisinds to Anat aps pear’d, who all ran to she Palace, crouding about the Gates: And Francifco de Chares coming out at a private Door, hoping to pacifie the Mutineers, was immediately Stab’d ; but they asfhing, in the way he came, found fome ftout oppofition , for feven Halbeidicts. of his.Guard fought till hey were all kill’d in the Dukes prefence ; but Pizarro was taken alive, and being brought before Almagro, he Savagely Butcher’d-him with his own hands; which done, they ran crying along the Streets, Long live the Emperor, and Didacus Almagro. Cheat Nalgled in 20 But after all this, Pizarro’s Party joyning together, valiantly withftood the ** Confpirators, fo chat a confiderable number were flain on both fides, yet /- magro at laft getting the better, confifcated the Goods of all. thofe. that were againft him, -and now every one fhew’d him the refpedt of Chief Governor, till the Emperor fhould either fettle him, or fend another. From hence Marching to Cufco, he had like co have paid for all, but sak? ee ted by private. focellipence thereof; which happen’d thus, Garctas Alvarado and Chriftopher Sotello were Joynt-Govyernors of Cufeo: but quarrelling, and coming to Blows in like manner, Sorello was flain: This N 3 , Almagro tor. AMEBRIC A. Chap: If: Strange Tranfations be- Almagro took very hainoully, as being his intimate Friend, giving forth threat- tween Alvarado, Sotelle, : ; : n : : . and Almagro. ning Speeches of Revenge ; which Alvarado inform’d of, and intending fome way or other to prevent all Dangers, and fave himfelf, he invited Almagro toa Feaft, but privately refolving to make it a Bloody Banquet, . by his Death at the Table. Of this he being inform’d, as we mention’d before, ftaid at home, and privately fent for. fome Soldiers that had* belong’d to* Sotello, fending word that he was indifpos’d: Alvarado, under a fhew of Kindnefs, goes to Almagro, hoping to perf{wade him to come to his prepar’d Treat ; but fo foon as he was enter’d the Hall, they clapp’d to the Gate, and the Soldiers falling upon Alvarado, flew him: But foon after Almagro was call’d in queftion, and not long enjoy'd this his ufurp’d Authority ; for the Emperor Charles fending: the Learned Vacca de Caftro with full Authority to Peru, to fettle thar difturb’d Kingdom, Almagro now us’d to Govern, had no Ears to becoie a Subject ; therefore he march’d with an Army to meet Ca/tro, by whom, after a bloody ere t Fight, being beaten and put to flight, having four thoufand Men, he fell into | the: Victors Hands near Cufco, wheré he was treated very feverely ; for fhortly Gaftre's Cruclty? ~~ after -he was condemn’d to’ be Beheaded ; others were ftrangled, and fome torn in pieces with Horfes. | Not long after this great Execution, Blafco Nunnex Vela came to Pern, and la Vice-Roy of Pow, being appointed Vice-Roy, had four Councellors affign’d him, with whom he.was.to confult in, all Affairs ; and efpecially to fet the Indians at liberty, which till then had fuffer’d much mifery under the Spanifb Tyranny : To perform which, the Emperor had given an Order under his Great Seal, which was to be publifh’d and proclaim’d in all Places. Vela at his arrival faithfully perform’d all his Commands, feiz’d upon Vacca de Caftro, becaufe he had Exe- cuted Almagro without any Examination or Tryal ; yet by this means he got the hatred of all, fo that moft of the Spaniards chofe Gonfalvo Pizarro for their Chief, whereby Affairs grew daily more and more out of Order. Nunnex Murders Xuarezs Vela \aid all the blame thereof upon William Xuarex Governor of Lima, whom he fent for in the Night, and correcting over-feverely gave him alfo two mors tal Wounds, of which he prefently died: The Body was in the Morning drawn along the Streets, which caus’d fo great a murmuring amongft the In- habitants, that foon after they feem’d to make a general Infurrection : Where- fore Nunnex Vela fearing the worft, refolv’d to convey himfelf from thence ins cognito, and pafs to Truxillo: But his four Councellors advis’d him to the con- trary ; yet he took his own way, canfing all his Treafure to be fent aboard ; and having made ready his Horfes to depart, the Common People in a tumul- tuous manner fet upon the Palace, catching, {matching up, and carrying away couftaken and putin Pic all the Silver they could find, and meeting the Vice-Roy, feiz’d,and thruft him into a Dungeon; which done, they fell at variance amongft themfelves ; for fome would have him executed, but others infitted to have him fence Prifoner to Spain ; which laft being the more moderate,getting the upper Hand,Vela was > put aboard, and committed to the cuftody of Didacus Alvarex,who Anchoring in the Mouth of the River Tombez (kindnefs growing betwixt them ) releas’d the Vice-Roy his Prifoner, and fet him afhore, who not long after cot fome Fore ces together. | , | Mean while Pizarro was every where acknowledg’d for Supreme Governor,” who having Intelligence of the Vite-Roys Defign, fent Francifco Carvayales thie ther, between whom and Vela was a fharp Encounter, but at laft being worft- Is Beheaded: ed, and retaken by Carpayales, he was foon after executed, and his Head plac’d - ona Pole near the Gallows. . The Chap. If: AMERICA. The Emperor Charles turmoil’d with Wars at home, faw no likelyhood to fectle the confus’d Affairs of Peru ; yer at laft he thought j it convenient to fend one Peter Gajca thither, an Becletiatick: of a fubtile aad ingenious Wier, who landing Anno i546. in Sais sith no Sher Title than Chief ( Councellor to the Ems peror, took quite another courfe than Vela, perfwading them all, that Affairs fhould be fetled in order; according to sheie own defires, and Ritmney Milcar- tiages never be remembred, being utterly deleted by an Aa of Oblivion. The News of this General Pardon f{preading it felf far and near, wrought a great change; for Pixarro’s Intimates, and thofe neareft of Concern, fhrnak daily from him ; which Ga/ca obGinidte march’d againft him: and Ebine they might make che more hafte, they loaded feveral Peruvians, chain’ d, with their Arms, whom when they lage’d, they {witch’d and whipp’d before shes And now both Armies being met, and difcharging their Cannons at one another, with confiderable lofs to each fide, whole Regiments came running over to Gafca; fo that Pizarro being quite forfaken, yielded himfelf to the mercy of the Conqueror, who accus’d him of High Treafon, and caus’d him to be ftrangled ina Dungeon, and fix’d his Head on a Marble Pillar in Lima, envie ron’d with Iron Rails, and infcrib’d with a brief Account of all his @iences, But Ga/ca not thus fatisfied, hang’d up feveral Commanders,and whipping and ftigmatizing others , condemn’d them after to the Gallies: But his greateft {pight was againft the Field-Marfhal Carvayales, a Perfon of the Age of four- {core years, whom tying to a Horfes Tail, he caus’d a whole Hour to’ be drawn up and down the Market- -place, dasa d and derided of all People, which done, he was quarter’d alive. Not long after Gafca furrendred the Command of Peru to the Learned (ians cay and carried an unvaluable Treafure to Germany, for the Emperor Charles, who gave him in requital for his faithful Service, the Bifhoprick of Valentia. Sec Tr. XII. The Expeditions of John Stade, aud Nicholas Durando Villegagnon. Az the fame time that Gafca arriv ai in Spain,Jobn Stade had the Command over afmall Fort rais’d of Stone and,Earth, on the Ifland Maro, adjacent to Brafile, becaufe the Salvage People of Tupin Imba fail’d wwice a year from _ the Countrey of Brikioka, to Maro, atthe time when the Plant Abbati was ripe, 103 Gafca’s murderous Ex- ploits. Gonfaives Pizarro {trans gled. Cruelty us'd on Carvays ales, of which they made the Liquor that they generally drink at their Humane - Banquets : They alfo landed on Maro about the Bratti-Fifhing. This Bratti isa Fifth of avery delicious tafte, either caught in Nets, or fhot by the Tupin Imba, and carried to their feveral Habicationd: Againft thefe People Stade kept acontinual Guard, when Heliodorus Heffe, Son to Eobanus Heffe, the famous Latin Poet in‘Germany, came to vifit him. Stade to entertain his Gueft the bet- - ter, went into the Woods to hunt for Venifon, where he was taken by the Tupin | 5 Imba, of which the King march’d in the Rear with a great Palm-Tree Club, and carried him towards the Sea fide, that he, with others that waited on the Shore, might make up a Kawewipepicke (that is, 4 Feaft of Rofted Men) But be- caule Stade being-a German of a large Body, well-skinn’d, young, plump and fat, they all concluded to fpare this Dainty, and carry him alive to Brikioka, that with fucha Banquet they might highly carefs their Wives : But the Joure ney being long, and a jut fdiclancholy poffefling him with-fear, and the terror of Stade taken by the.Cem- alse His ftrange Entertain- ment amongit them. Dwrande's Expedition. Diffention if the few Co- Wickednefs of Coimtak a- _ gainft the Minifters, AMERICA ‘Chap. If; of cettain death, and to be Food for fuch ravenous Cannibals, fo macerated and confum’d him, that he was almoft dwindled away to Skin and Bone ; wheres upon thinking him thus lean to make but few favory Morfels, they chang’d theirfrefolutions, and growing better acquainted , he having learn’d their Tongue, and being able to difcourfe with them, they lik’d his company fo well, that they let him live amongft them: Nine years Stade had been a Slave amongft thefe Man-eatets, when the French coming thither, bought him for a few Trifles, and carried him to Normandy, where landing Anno 1555. he went ‘from thence to Hamburgh, being his Native Countrey. Nicholas Durande a Frenchman fet Sail from Havre de Grace, at the fame timé © when Stade came thither. This Durande having loft a Caftle in Brittain, to the great prejudice of the French, out of a pretence of advancing their Affairs,and to fill up their almoft exhaufted Treafury, reported, That the Spanifh and Por- tuguefe Forces were driven out of India, where they had gather’d fo mich Wealth, and it would certainly redound to the Honor and Profit of France, if they could become Matters of the Gold and Silver Mines. King Henry the Second approving of the Propofal, and the more becaufe the Admiral Gasper (oligni was alfo very earneft, looking upon it asa fafe Retreat for the Prote- fants, at that time cruelly perfecuted » and Durande, fenfible of the Admirals thoughts, privately inform’dhim, That in his American Defign he chiefly aim’d +o plant a True Church of God in America, where the Profeflors might enjoy themfelves peaceably. This Report being fpread amongft thofe that call’d themfelves Prote/fants, (fled from Switzerland in great numbers to France) made many of them venture upon the Defign ; who having fitted themfelves, and fetting {ail with three Ships, after fome time arriv’d on the Coaft of Brajile, and landed on the Rock-I/land, in the Haven Januario : Here Durande built feve- ral Watch-houfes, and the Fort Coligni, which he fortified with a confiderable number of Guns : Not long after he writ to fobn Calvin, That he would pleafe to furnifh this new Plantation in Brafile with good and able Teachers of the Gofpel , which Requeft being immediately taken into ferious confideration by the Claffes, one Philip Corguileray, a Gentleman near Geneva, fet Sail out of the Haven Honfleurs, with three Ships, freighted with fome Provifions, feveral Per- fons of divers Trades, and two Minifters, Peter Richer, and William Chartier : But he had f{carce made Africa, when they began to have a {carcity of Victuals ; wherefore they turn’d their Defign of fetling the Gofpel in America, to Pyracy, where they made {mall fcruple or difference, whether Friends or Foes, but made Prize of all they could light upon, though indeed their Minifters both preach’dand perfwaded the contrary, amongft whom a Controverfie happen- ing, put other Bufinefs into their Heads, for one John Cointak, formerly a Pas rifian Sorbonift, was alfo amongft thofe that remov’d from Geneva, who pretend- ed that Coligni had promis’d him a Minifters place, fo foomas he landed at Bra- file ; but Richer and Chartier, not fatisfied that there was any fuch Promife, and confequently thinking. themfelves not obliged by his bare Affertion, told him, That themfelves being able, under God, to perform the Work, they needed no fuch Coadjutor: This bred fo great a Rancor between them, that Cointak ac- cus’d them for teaching falfe Do&rine, and chiefly that they did not mix the Wine at their Sacraments with Water, which Father Clemens had ftrictly com- manded. Durande, being prevail’d on by the Cardinal of Lorein, joyn’d with Coimtak, and thereupon fo fharply perfecuted the Proteftants, that he ftarv'd fe- veral of them, which others to elcape fled to the Brafilians : Nay, he took-Jobn — Da Chap. UI § AMERICA. re Du Bordell, Matthias Vermeil, and Peter Bourdon, out of their Sick-Beds, and tY- _ Durande drowns three ing their Hands and Feet, threw them headlong from a Rock into the Sea: “Nein 5 oi after which, the bloody Perfecutor return’d with ill fuccefs to France , where he wrote a Book againft the Reform’d Religion;but all the Honor which he gain’d was,that all Parties on both fides accounted him a diftracted Perfon. Spicer. XII. The Expeditions of John Ribald, Renatus Laudonier, and Gurgie. Piborie being upon the Continent of Ameri ica, and fo call’d by John Ponteus, Florida unhappily difeo- who landed there upon Palm-Sunday, though Sebaftian Gaboto a Venetian, im- weet ploy’d by. Henry the Seventh King of England, landed there before,.-may well be © term’d the Europeans Bloody Stage, Boneeys Keint flain here: But Ferdinand Sotto exetcis’d againft the Inhabitants inhumane Cruelty five years together ; yet at laft died of a deep difcontent, becaufe fe could not reach his Aims, having condemn’d fo many Floridans fruitlefly to dig for Gold in the Mines. However, fince that, Julian Sumanus and Peter Abumada undertook the Work anew , but with the like bad Succefs. uno 1545: one Lodowick Cancello,a Dominican chought to effect great things with four of his Affociates ; but landing on Florida, was deftroy’d by the Natives. But Ga/per Coligni the Marfhal, neither difcourag’d= rby thefe miferable Proceedings, nor the former Basachess of Durande, pre- par'd for a new Expedition thither ; and accordingly John Ribald was fitted — Risatd's Voyage: with two Ships from Diep , at the, Charge of (hbarles the. Ninth King. of . France, wherewith having fail’d thirty Degrees. Northern Latitude , he edie bale the Promontory of Francifco, where he ran up into the Mouth of a wide River, to which he gave the denomination of Dolphin, upon whofe Banks were whole Mulberry-Woods, which nourifh’d Silk-Worms in ftrange abundance. From hence he fail’d by the Wolves Head (a Point fo call'd, becaufe great numbers of Wolves breed there) and leaving the (edar-Ifland, landed on Florida, where he built a Triangular Fort, and having furnifh’d it with Men, Guns, a Provifions, fail’d back for more Supplies to France ; but coming chi ther, found all things in diforder, occafion’d by a War amoneft them{elves fo that the French which guarded and dwelt in the Fort, waited in vain for Re: Sethe in Eherids lief, and their Provifions growing fcant, thought it ficteft and their belt way to build a Veffel, and fail from thence ; which having effected, and being gone about the third part of their Voyage there, hapned fuch 2 Calm for twen- _ty Days, thatthey made not the leaft way, which drove them to fo great extre- mity, their Provifions being {pent, that they drank their own Urine, and fed upon their old Shoes, which alfo in a fhort time failing, they dpreed among ft themfelvesto kill fea eat one of their Sea-men, call’d Henry pl on whofe unheatg-of Hunger: Flefh they liv’d fome days; but being again driven to the greateft want ima- ginable, in this extremity of Defparation, their Condition being altogether hopelefs, an nglifh Frigat difcovering them, and obferving by their manner of Sailing that they were in fome great want, dranite near,fent their Long-boat aboard, and found them fo weal that they were not able to handle their Tack ; whereupon generoully ealeitag pity of them, they relievd them, and conduéted them to the Coaft of Fnglaud, and then brought them to Queen Els- xabeth, who had formerly defign’d to rig a Fleet for Florida. Mean while, no News having been heard of the foremention’ d French Plan- tation 106 Latdonier’s Voy ave. ys Remarkable difference in the Freach Flect. AMERICA. Chap. IIT. tation in Brafile, and Coligni’s Difference with the King being decided, he pre- vail’d fo much,that Renatus Landonier fhould with three Ships fail to relieve the - Garrifon in the late deferted Fort. Laudonier landing in Nova Francia, found a Stone with a French Infcription, plac’d on the Shore by Ribald,and hung full of - Laurel Garlands: Then he vifited the King Suturiona, whofe Son Atorcus had fe» veral Children by his own Mother, according to a Salvage Cuftom obferv’d in that Countrey. Whilftthey ftay’d here,a Fiery Meteor appear’d in the Sky ,with fuch fervor,that fome Rivers boyl’d with the heat of it,and the Fifh parboyl’d, died ; nay more, it {corch’d all the Plants far and near: The Natives afcrib’d this Plague to the French Cannons, by which means they ftood in great fear of the French, who might have done great things had not they differ'd amongft themfelves; For a Sea-man nam’d Qubel Patracon, pretending to have skill in Necromancy, would undertake to fhew the Places where the Gold and Silver Mines were, which the reft of the Sea-men believing, rebell’d againft Landonier, and though fick, imprifon'd him, forcing him to figa a Wri- ting to this effet, Thatthe two Ships, of which the Rebels made Vaffar and Trincant Commanders, fhould with his leave and permittance {ail to New Spain for Provifions. Whilft they were preparing for their Voyage, Rupiferrir ha- ving been fent co the King Utina,came back with many rich Prefents,and with- al brought Information’of the Gold and Silver Mynes Apalatica; but Vaffar and -Trincant taking no notice thereof, fer forth, and took a Spanifh Carvel, richly laden before Havana, whofe Commander they agreed to releafe on the pay- ment of a great Ranfon ; ‘but the Mafters Son being fent afhore to fetch the Money which they had agreed for,in ftead thereof,made his Fathers Mifchance known’; whereupon two great Frigats and a Galley were the next Morning very early fent to attaque the French, between whom was a {harp Ericounter ; but in a fhort time the two Pyrats were funk, and the Prifoners fold for Slaves, excepting a few that efcap’d in their Long-boat. * Inthis interim Landonier receiving no Supply from France, was brought to great extremity ; for the Rebels had carried great part of his Store with them. In thefe ftraights he was fore’d by thofe that ftaid with him, contrary to the Articles of Peace lately made with King Utina, to take him Prifoner, in hopes that for his Liberty he would procure them fome Provifions, but the Inhabi- tants incens’d at the bafenefs of fo unexpected an Action, could not be “wrought upon by any means to give them Relief; but grown more perverfe than before,appointed a general Meeting to elect another King; fo that out of all hopes, they utterly gave themfelves over for loft. In this defperate conditis on, John Haukins,a great Sea-Captain, came thither with four Engli/h Ships,who pitying their mifery, furnifh’d them with Neceflaries, and having onely four Veffels, lent them one, becaufe Landonier was at that time too weak to endure the Sea ; but not long after recovering ftrength, and all things ready to fet Sail, Ribald came to an Anchor before Charles-Fort, with feven Ships from Diep : Within few days after, the Spanifh Admiral Peter Melandex arriv’d with eight Frigats, whereof the French having Intelligence, cut their Cables, and ftood out to Sea, whom the Spaniards chac’d, but could not reach; whereupon lea- ving them, they landed in the Mouth of the River Dolphin, where by help of the Moori(h Slaves they began to intrench themfelves; of which Ribald having notice , immediately fail’d thither , at leaft to difturb , if not abfolutely drive them from theit Work ; but furpriz’d in the way by a great Storm; - loft moft of his Fleet, ingag’d among the Rocks; yet the Men were moft of them Chap. [if. AMERICA. HOt 107 them fav’d. Inthis Storm the Spaniards allo {uffer’d great damage, yet made _ an Advantage of the Frenchmens Misfortune, marching with all {peed to Charless Fort, in which were onely two hundred weak Men, Ribald having taken the primeft Soldiers along with him.. In the Morning before Sun-rife the Spaniards made a fierce Aflault, and in a fhort time became Mafters of the Place, which Landonier {eeing, fled ina Boat; others leaping from the Walls into the Moat, fav’d themfelves by fwimming : Whoever fell into the Victors Hands, was | Gre cmely of the dpe: without mercy flain ; nay , fuch-was the Spaniards inveterate mialice to the Oy se etiey: French, that wanting living Bodies, they exercis'd their Cruelty upon the dead, pulling outtheir Eyes, and cuttitig off their Members, carrying them in Tri- umph on the Points of their Swords. In the interim, the Storm ceafing, R:- bald approach’d Charles-Fort, with his fhatter’d Fleet; but was fo amaz’d when he faw the Spanifh Flag fet upon the Walls, and Vallemond marching towards him with a Squadron of Spaniards, that although a River lay between them, yet he prefently came toa Treaty, and deliver’d up all his Men, being above four hundred, upon promife of good Quarter ; but the Spaniards in ftead of keeping their Agreement, bound them, leading them all to the Caftle, wheré, both againft their Articles, and the Lawof Arms, they maffacred them, and burnt their Bodies ; but Ribald being quarter’d, they fix’d his Limbs upon Poles about the Walls, fending his Head to Sevil. When Charles the Ninth, King of France, receiv'd notice hereof, he was not in the leaft concern’d at the Spanifh Cruelty us’d to his Subjects, out of a particular hatred to Coligni, the firft Promoter of the Voyage. But though the French Crown fo little regard- — ¢agiesvaliam Explois ed the inhumane Ufage committed by the Spaniards in Charles-Fort, yet Domi- accor k aula nicus Gurgie fhew’d himfelf fo highly concern’d thereat, that turning all his Goods into Money, he levied two hundred Soldiers, and fourfcore Sea-men, which he put aboard three {mall Ships, pretending that he would onely touch at Brafile, but failing beyond Cuba, he ftood dire&tly for Florida, wheré aftet his Landing he was,kindly receiv’d by Saturiona the King, who complaining much againft the Spaniards Oppreffions, fent to’ joyn with him his Kinfman Olotocaray having the Command of a great Army. | | ‘The Spaniards by this time had not onely ftrengthned Charles-Fort, but alfo _-rais’d two, others on each fide of the River Mayo, in which thtee Holds lay Garrifon’d above four hundred choice Soldiets. Thofe in the new Forts made little refiftance, but quitting the fame, and flying into a neighboring Wood, | fell into an Ambufcade of Indians, who flew thirty of them, and preferv’d ninety for a Publick Execution. Thus they march’d on victorioufly to Charles~_ Fort, where by the way fixty Spaniards fallying out, were every one cut off, which much facilitated the Frenchmens Work. The Governor Melandez, feeing 4 certain ruinie attend him, fled into the Woods; but met there by the’ Flori dans, return’d to the French, of whom he bego’d Life for himfelf, and fome of his People: Yet Gurgie deaf to all intreaties, would hear nothing, but prefs fing on, took them all Prifoners, and as a juft Reward of their Cruelty to his Countrey-men, hang’d them on the next Trees: After which Execution, it can fearce be exprefs'd how kindly the Natives entettain’d the French, becaufe they had freed the Countrey from the Spanifh Oppreffions. Thus having ac- complifh’d his Defign, and returning home, he was nobly receiv'’d at Rochel, but had not'the leaft Countenance for all his trouble from the King ; the Car- dinal of Lorein telling him, That for bis good Service be ought to fuffer death, becaufe be had fitted ont three Ships spon his own Account, without Authority. Isungratsfully rewarded, Sse 7. ' AMERICA Chap. III. Sect: XIV. Four Englifh Expeditions, under the Condudt of our Famous SeasCaptains Martin Forbifher, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Candifh, and John Smith. | Dorbifeer's Expedition, Cre Forbifher failing to the Northern Parts of America, Anno 1576. chufing a bad time, the Year being too much fpent, and the Ocean fo full of Ice, that it forc’d him to return to England : Not many Months after, he renew’d his Voyage; Queen Elizabeth having tigg’d out, and fent under his Command one Frigat and two Ketches, Mann’d with ahundred and forty Men: The twenty fixth of May he weigh’d Anchor, and fail’ d to the Orkenies, lying to the North of Scotland, where landing, he found the poor Iflandets fled out of their Huts, into Caves and Dens among the Rocks.’ From thencé he fteer’d North- North-Weft, through abundance of floating Pieces of Timber, which often- - times gave him great ftops. The fourth of Fuly he made Friezland, where hie met with a great Storm of Hail, mix’d with Snow; Before the Shore lay a great Ridge of Ice, which hindred for a while their Landing: Here he faw feveral Wild People, “but could not come to {peak with them; for upon the leaft approach they fled ; yet when they faw any advantage, made refiftance : At laft, three of them came unatm’d to the Shore, beckoning Forbifher to come _ tothem ; which he had done, had not great numbers of the Natives appear’d too foon from an Ambufcade in 2 Wood, and behind a Hill, who feeing thems {elves difcover'd, march’d up into the Countrey, three onely ftaying on the Shore, of whom the middlemoft feigning to be lame, at laft fell down, whom his Companions took up, and carried a little way, but then forfook, by which the Englifh obferving their Defign, fhot that the Sand flew all about him : whereupon forgetting his Lamenefs, he ran as {wift as a Deer up a Hill. Forbifher’s Men had by this time fill’d two Barrels with a Mineral not unlike Gold, but. was afterwards found to be of little value. Nothing elfe of Re- mark did he find here, except great long-hair’d Men, who being exceeding falvage, fubtilly plot nothing elfe-but to murder, lurking for Men, like Wild Beafts for their Prey, whom, when caught, they tear in pieces. Clofe fitted to their Bodies, they wore the Skins of feyeral Wild Beafts, priding in the Tails which hung down betwixt their Legs. Their Tents are of conjoyn’d Whalebones, cover’d over with the like Skins, the Entrance always facing the South. They ufe Bowes, Arrows, Slings, and two forts of Boats: Inthe big. geft they can carry feventeen Men, which are made of feveral Wooden Planks clinch’d together, and cafed on both fides with Leather: The fmalleft ones are cover'd juft in the fame manner, much refembling a Weavers Shuttle, ha-~ ving in the middlea Hole, wherein a Man fits, who drawing the Cover of the Boat about his Wafte by Strings, with one Oar makes {wift Paflage. ae The Countrey it felf is barren, yet feeds abundance of Deer,Hares, Wolves, Bears, and Dogs like Wolves, whofe Fleth ferves thé Inhabitants for Food. This Countrey feems to be exceedingly troubled with great Earthquakes, _ becaufe feveral pieces of Rocks, and whole Mountains rent afunder, may be. feen in divers places. The fourth of Auguft, Forbifher having elevated the Pole to fixty eight Des grees, beyond what Sebaftian Gabor, the firft Difcoverer of thofe Parts, and fer out by Henry the Seventh, had done (for America Northward never before had been Chap. IIL. MMERICA. been fo far penetrated) and laden with a fort of fhining Sand, which he be- liev’d might contain much of a Golden Oar, having with him three of the Na- tives, viz, a Man, a Woman,and a Child, fet Sail tor England, and the feventh of September came to Milford-Haven, and not long after arriv’d in London, where in fhort time the Salvages died. At the fame time when Forbifher {ail’d Northerly, Sir Francis Drake alfo, fitted out by Queen Elizabeth, fteer’d another Courfe, failing by Cape Blanko and Cape Verde,along the African Coaft,to Brafile, where he caught feveral Sea-Wolves,and Anchoring in the River La Plata , furnifh’d himfelf with Frefh Water : Then proceeding on his Voyage through the crooked Straights of Magellan, he came to an Anchor before Moucha, wath’d by the South Sea. The Iflanders receiv'd him very courteoufly, becaufe they were inform’d that thé Englifh were at great Wars with the Spaniards, to avoid whofe Cruelties, they had deferted the main Continent, and fetled on Moucha. One of thefe Mouchaners going aboard, ferv’d them for a Pilot to the Haven Valparizo, where Drake burnt the St. Jago, a {mall Village, and plundring all the Countrey about it, got together a great Trea- fure of Gold and Silver. Before Arica he took three Spanifh Ships, richly la- den ; and before Lima, four more, having an unvaluable Treafure of Pearls and Gold aboard them. Thus jarich’d, he fteer’d his Courfe Northerly to forty two Degrees; but the Cold forcing him to fall four Degrees to the South- ward, he difcover’d a very pleafant and inhabited Coaft, the People whereof fhew’d him great kindnefs: The King himfelf coming aboard with’a great Train, fet a Crown of Gold upon Drakes Head, and gave him a Golden Scep- ter, and an Ivory Chain. After this he infpected the Iflands Tidor, Ternata, Java, Zeilon, and Cape de Bona Ejperanza, from whence, after a three Years Voy- age, having encompafs'd the World, he came fafe to London, where he refted not long ; for failing Anno 1585. to America, he took great Prizes from the Ci- ties St. Jago, St. Domingo, St. Augu/lin, and Carthagena, fetting them all on Fire. Thus again returning home victorioully, and after the famous defeat of the O Spanifh 69 Sir Frascis Drake's Ex- pedition. —— = = = =i — ae —— Candif his Expedition. Smith's Voyage. Mabu’s Voyage: AMER IEA * Cape JEP. Spanifh Armado, he rigg’d out anew, Fleet, having for his Vice-Admiral Cap- tain Flawkins: ‘Their Defign was to have fail’d to Panama; but both dying, and fo the Commiffion ceafing, the expected great and golden Project alfo died) with them. ag ‘: | et) Se A Year after the death of thefe famous Navigators, Captain Thomas Candish Mann’d with a hundred and twenty Men, and Provifions for two Years, fet- _ ting fail ina lucky Hour, a fecond time encompafs'd the World, paffing the Straights of Magellan ; in which Voyage having got above ten times the value of his Charge, by taking the Spanish Cartack St. Anna, valued at twenty Tun of Gold; and at laft freighted with a Mafs of Treafure, he came fafe into the River.of Thames. 0 4 REBT re | eo But much worfe fuccefs had Captain John Smith, who weigh’d Anchor Anno 1614. with two Ships, fitted our by feyeral Merchants in London, for New-Eng- land, and on the MlandMongchigga to load Copper, Gold; ‘and: other Minerals that were to be hadithere, and alfoto fiflyfor Whales : But there were no fuch Minerals to be found there, nor any Whales to be taken on the Coaft, becaufe — the time of the Year was pat, fo that he return’d home without Succels. However, not long after, they undertook the fame Expedition a fecond time, but with worfe Fortune ; Sewing gecten in fight of Virginid, he was treache- roufly fet upon, and ‘taken by the French, who accus’d him, that he had de- ftroy’d the Plantations in Nova Francia, and unlefs he would make fatisfaction for the Damage, they threatned him withdeath. He was carried Prifoner to Rochel, in a French Ship ; but not far from thence furpris’d by a mighty Storm, Smith finding an opportunity, leap’d into the Boat, and driving betwixt the Waves, at laft, half dead, was thrown upon the Ifland of Oleron, whom after- wards, having loft all, an Englifh Ship took in, and brought to his Native Countrey. | Srecr. XV. Netherland Expedition by Jaques Mahu, and Simon de Cordes, ie Ive Ships being fitted out at Rotterdam, the Command of them was given to Jaques Mahu and Simon de Cordes, who. on the twenty feventh of June, Anno 1598. weigh’d Anchor from the Goree, and fail’d on an immen{e Voyage ; at laft landing at the Iiland St. Jago, they won a flrong Caftle there, and took two Barques; but at laft Articled with the Portugue/e, that they might undi- fturb’d fupply themfelves with Frefh Water, yet they, as if they minded no Agreements, whilft the Dutch were filling their Casks, came down upon them with two hundred Horfe, each having a Foot-Soldier behind him ; but the Hhllanders made fo ftout refiftance, that they put them all to flight. The City of St.Jago,which gives Denomination to the whole land, is built long-wife, having a convenient Haven, like a Crefcent: Through the City glides a River, on both fides. of which, beyond the Town, arife feveral high Mountains : That part which faces the Sea, hath Fortifications, defended with ftrong Bulwarks. The Portuguefe had brought all their Guns to bear towards - the Sea,"to fink the Hlolland Ships, which they invited thither under pretence of kindnefs but a gteat Storm hindred the Fleet, that they could not Anchor at the appointed place ; onely two of the Ships fail’d pretty near, but not within Shot. | From Chap. $$ AMERICA in ; r tol - From hence fteering to the Defolate Ifland Brava, they faw.nothing but five ' ruin’d Houfes, the Door of one ftopp’d up with great Stones, which being taken away, was found full of Turkifh Wheat, which prov’d a great kindnefs to the Seasmen. : Mean while the Admiral Mabu died, and his Body pucintoa Cheft fAll’dup sate cies. with Stones, was thrown over-board ; fo that Simon des (Cordes carrying the cordshis Voyage: Flag, fteer’d his Courfe to Guinee, there to refreth himfelf; for moft of his Men were fo weakned by the Scurvey, that they were fcarce able to hand the Sails. | ) | Arriving at their intended Port, the Sick were carried afhore; and the Vice-Admiral Beuningen, being conducted by a French Guide, went to the Vices Roy of that Countrey, who fat ona low Bench, with a Sheeps-skin under his Stange King in Gainey, Feet, in a Violet-colour’d Cloth Suit, without any Linnen, Shirt, Shoes, or Stockins; on his Head a Cap made of yellow, red, and blue Eaftern Cloth ; his Face whitened with Athes, fhew’d in feveral places its natural blacknefs,ap- pearing through the Colours; about his Neck a Collar or Chain of Glafs Beads: Behind him fat his Nobles, with Cocks Feathers on their Heads, and their Skins painted Red. | Beuningen plac’d by the King on a Mat, complain’d to him, That the Guine- ans fled from him where-ever he came, though in Friendfhip, to barter Europe- an Commodities with them, againft Fruits, Poultrey, Sheep, and other Provi- fions: Whereupon the King promis’d to furnifh him therewith, and invited Beuningen to Dinner. After fome ftay, the Kings Wives entred the Palace, a very mean and ill-favour’d Building, more like a great Barn than a Kings Houfe, and plac’d a kind of nafty Trough on the Grourid, in which lay no. thing but fome wild Herbs, and a piece of a {moak’d Sea-Calf; and though he was a Perfon of the largeft fize, and corpulent, yet he eat {paringly. Bens ningen, though exceeding hungry, found lictle rellifh in fuch kind of Meats, . wherefore {preading a Napkin, his Attendants brought hina fome Bisket and . ele Spanifh A MERIC &A: Chapi lIf. Spanifh Wine, whereof after the King -had tafted, he lik’d fo well the rellifh, - that it rock’d him afleep, whilft Beuningen walk’d to the Sea-fide to refreth him. felf; but the Guineans coming about him, he was forc’d to return to the King, who waking at the noife, appear’d highly incens’d at his People; and took Beuningen into his Houfe : However the Subjects , notwithftanding the Kings Commands, when Beuningen was fent into a neighboring Hut, kept Watch about it all Night: The next Morning early an old Woman entred, muttering to her felf, and went out and in to Beuningen three times one after another, knocking on a Box not unlike a-Pair of Bellows, out of which flew abundance of Duft about Beuningen, which caus’d a great Laughter amongft the Guineans. ‘The King alfo coming to him, prefented him with two Goats, and four Hens, and fo conducted him back to the Ships. Beuningen feeing that there was no good to be done, fet fail from thence,and Bloody Seay very ftrange COMIng before the River La Plata im America, it appear’d Blood-red. Out of -the Water which was taken up in Buckets, ftarted a fort of Infeéts like . Fleas, which caus’d a ftrange and fad Diftemper amongft the Sea-men, that when any Meat was offer’d to them, fo foon as ever they put it to their Mouths, they would fall down backwards in a f{woon, foaming and frothing at the Mouth, and turning up the White of their Eyes, die diftracted Suffering under this Difafter, they hafted from thence with all fpeed, and failing into the Straights of Magellan they kill’d above fourteen hundred Penguyins, which is a Bird that preys on Fifh, and lives in Holes under Ground; they fomewhat res femble aGoofe, onely they ftand more upright, and are double-crefted; with two plumy Combs. Coming to an Anchor in the Green-Bay, there arofe a great Storm, which continued feveral days, fo that they were forc’d to moor their Veffels with four Anchors, extremely affliéted both with Hunger and Cold, preferving themfelves alive by eating young Grout, at that time not above a fpan high from the Ground ; but this courfe Food bred an incurable Dropfie, that pofted them on to a fudden death. Afterwards, when the Weather grew Salvagesinthe Straighs more pleafant, the Inhabitants being Gyants, moft of them eleven Foot high, Magellan. eee thy i i ou ta grew more troublefom, oftentimes affailing them, and throwing Darts point- ed like Harping-Irons, at which they were very expert. Their Salvage Natures may appear by their Dealings with the dead Hollanders, cutting off their Heads, and bruifing them to pieces, fticking Darts through their Hearts, and cutting off their Privities. At laft the Fleet getting into the South Sea, were by ftrefs of Weather fepa- rated one from another: Two Ships, being the Faith, and the Good Tydings, were driven back into the Straights of Magellan, where they fuffer’d the utter- A wild Woman, moft extremity of Hunger: Here they took a wild Woman, and two Chil- dren, who being of a fallow Complexion, had a great hanging Belly, a wide Mouth, crooked Legs, long Heels, and Breafts like Cows Udders ; about her Neck a String of Snail-fhells, and upon het Back a Beafts Skin, faftned about her Neck with the Sinews of it : her Food nought elfe but live Fowls: The fame Diet the Children fed upon : The youngeft being but fix Months old, had his Mouth full of Teeth, and ran without any help : The eldeft they cars _riedto Amfterdam ; but having kept the Woman aboard two Nights, they gave her feveral Trifles, and fet her afhore. Here they found old Ice in the middle of Summer, four Foot thick. Te Beuningen lingred in the Straights of Magellan, and being tired out with Hunger, Cold, and Storms, return’d home; and had they mot by accident 7 taken ——— = as ae — _— — >» 4 5, —— > rs Ye —— Se oul ~ < — - ~ ry ‘, a =z a = —: —— =— ae ~ - =." a = —_— = wf ¥ ——— . ae? Eales ae Se a Chap. HII. AMERICA. taken abundance of Coneys, they had all perifh’d. Above two Years had this unhappy Voyage lafted, when they arriv’d at their Native Countrey, with fix and thirty Men, being siliahigs remain’d alive of a hundred and five. Sect. XVI. The Expedition of Oliver van Noord. ‘Wo Months after Mabu, Oliver van Noord fet fail with four Ships, and two hundred forty eight Men, fromthe Maes, Having reach’d the Princes Ifland, he loft feven of his Men be the Treachery of the Portugue/e ; and An- choring before the City Javeiro, he was no better entertain’d by the fame Nati- on: Here having 2 Rencounter, and both Sides receiving confiderable Lofs, he-fteer’d for St. Sebajtian, a Pati cfl Ifland, producing an Herb very wholefom againft the Scuryey: Here the Sea-men found great ftore of Sea- Mews, and Parrots, befides feveral forts of delicious Fifh. The approaching Winter advis’d Shem from entring the Straights of Magellan fo late; wherefore they judg’ d it beft to feek a convenient Harbor, to put their Sick sfhiere to re- frefh themfelyes. The Ifland St. Hellen, for its fruitfulnefs, feem’d to be the moft convenient for this purpole ; but a great Storm preventing them, they came to St. Clara, where taking i in Frefh Water, they caft Anchor in Porte De- fire. In this Hayen they faw a kind of Sea- -Dogs, whofe fore-parts being over- grown with long Hair, feem’d like a Lyon, and the Feet like Mens Hands, over their Eyes and Upper-lips grew black and white Hair, which in Stormy Weather ftands ftaring upright, but in Calm, lies flat and {mooth ; they Urine backwards, fleep very foundly, and caft Ton Young ie Month : Their Flefh well- boyl d proyd a fayory Difh. ? Van Noord going afhore here, faw nota Man, “bur only. Siting, “places on high Rocks, built of red Stones, andadorn’d both within and without with Bowes, atowa. and other ftrange things : > Under the Heads :of the Dead lay, four-fquare Shells, and other things artificially carv'd. Curiofity made. them defirous to make a further fearch intothe Countrey ; wherefore he rowed du- ring a Whole Tide upa River; and when their Boat ran aground at the time of Ebb, he walk’d feveral Leagues up into the Countrey, where he faw nothing but Deer, Buffles, and Oftriches : and becaufe he faw no People, he judg’d the Coaft to be uninhabited; but returning again, » he: found it other- wife; for theSea-men, though commanded to ftay in the Boat, which, lay in the middle of the River, went afhore, where they were fo fiercely fet uponby, thirty of the Natives, he three of a were kill’d, and another. wounded in the Leg. Thefe People’ are very ftrong and Salvage, with painted: Faces and g Hair; but after this Encounter, they faw no more of them. | . But van Noord having {pent fourteen Months i in fearch, and loft a prams Men, fet fail again with three Ships, for one of them, being the Unity, he burnt at the Ifland (Jara, where he Winter’d, becaufe A a great Leak which could not be ftopp’d. _ Here they brought five thoufand Fowls shox whieh much increafed their Stock of Provifions, From hence paffing the Wide Ocean, into the Sraliabes of Magellan, foie times the Fleet attempted to go into the Sowth-Sea, and was as often driven back by crofs Weather into the Straights, but the alps prov'd more fuccefsful for having got through, and lef the, Straights a handlom way aftern, they O 3 ) Seer d 113 Porto Defire, Sea- Dogs. Strange Tombs,’ ? + 114. | AMERICA. Chap. IIT. difcover’d two Iflands, from one of which the Sea-men going aland, brought four Boys and two Girls; who afterward inftruéted in their Tongue, in- _ form’d them concerning the {cituation of the Countreys thereabout. | Plitip-seads foraken After that, the Fleet Sail’d into Hungers Haven, where they found the ruines aes of the deferred Philip-Stadt , which Captain Thomas Candifh had {een fourteen years before, fortifi'd with four Bulwarks; but now onely fome Houfes, a Church, and a Gibbet were ftanding: Four hundred Spaniards built that City, asa Key to the Straights of Magellan. But all their Provifions being {pent in three yeats time, and no relief coming from Spain, and what they Sow’d ex- pecting the hopes of a Hatveft, the Salvages coming down by night de- ftroy’d; which caus‘d fo great a Famine to rage amongft them, that many dy’d; not fo much as putting off their Clothes , who lying in the Houfes un- bury’d, occafion’d fich a'ftench in the City, that the remainder fled into the Field » where they liv’d a whole year by the Fruits of the Trees, Herbs, and Roots: ‘Ar laft, three and twenty of them, amongft which were two Women remaining yet alive; refolv’d to travel to the River La Plata, and accordingly fet forward, but ‘what became of them could never yet be heard, only one Ferdinando that was "of that company, accidentally wandring from the reff, happend co light upon Candifh’s Fléet. oa Here Van Noord fet on Shore the Vice-Admiral Jacob Claefxoon Ipendam, fot ~ fome'crimes which he had committed ; and leaving him behind, Sail’d from Mocha; what kind of thence thorow the South-Sea along the Coaft of Chiliand Mocha; which Ifland, ini of a confiderable bignefs, rifes in the middle with a forked Mountain , from which a convenient River comes flowing down into theCountrey. _ The Inhabitants conducted the Hollanders to their Village, confifting of about fifty Houfés built of Straw, but were forbid to go. into their Huts: Ups on the Mens call the Women appear’d, which being divided into three par- ties, humbly kneel’d down before them; and foon after an old Woman Cieayaftrange Driok, brought an Earthen Can full of Cica, a Liquor made of Mays , whofe extra. éted Juyce, boyl’d and put into Tubs, ferments like our Beer or Ale, with a cap of Barm, with which they treated the HloManders, who drinking moderate- ly, were well refrefh’d ; but the Natives will ply this Liquor, till thgy make themfelves Diftracted, and are mad Drunk. . van Meerd takes aspe2 ~~ From hence Van Noord fteer’d his courfe to Sané&ta Maria, where in his way ip he took’ a Spanifh Ship, call’d Buon Jews, that is, Good Fe/ws, and receiv’d intellis gence from the Prifoners, that the Admiral Simon de Cordes, with twenty three Meh’ was kill’d by the Americans on the Promontory Lavapia, being the head Land or Point oppofire to St. Maries ; that a year fince, tydings were brought to Lima of his Fleet ; fo that they had made all things ready to withftand him. But Van Noord hinder’d by ftrong contrary Winds, not able to reach Sanéta Ma- ria, ftood direétly for St. Jago, in whofe Haven lay a great Spanifh Ship full of Indians, and two other going in, which two he fet on Fire , and the third he Tow’d towards his Fleet; repenting extremely that he had given liberty, and fet Francifco de Ivarvo Commander of the Buon fefus afhore ; becaufe he after- wards underftood from the Spanifh Pilot , that Ivarra threw ten thoufand two hundred pound weight of Gold, pack’d in fifty two Cafes, over-board, when he obférv’d that he was like to loofe his Ship. Ye | The Fleet Sailing forward came to an Anchor before the Thieves-I/land, whofe Inhabitants are very light Finger’d, go ftark naked, and are of great ftrength , they found the Women much Disfigur’d, their Nofes, Lips, and Cheek-bones eaten by the French Pox. | To. — Strange fhe. Barter for Merchandize, amongft them was a Sheep with a long Neck, bunch- Back’d like a Camel, a little Mouth, and long Legs ; which Beaft fervesthem in ftead of Horfes, to carry their burthens, and perform their Tillage. The Americans breed up thefe Sheep ¢very where, by reafon of the extraordinary bes nefit they receive from them, fome of them keeping no lefs than eighteen hun- dred. Their Shepherds ride upon a Beaft almoft like an Ox, and carry in their hands Copper-Plates, hung round about with Bells, which they fhake, ma- king a different noife when their Sheep fhall go in or out; and on their Heads © wear Feathers like Coronets, ftanding upright. St. Maries burnt, From thence, Spilbergeon departing, Landed at laft on the Ifland of St. Mary, AndalfoValPan(. where he burnt all the Spanish Villages ; as he did alfo in Val Pary/a. After going afhore, in the Haven Quintero, he faw abundance of Wild Horfes drinking out of a Rivulet, fupply’d with frefh Water from an adjoyning' fteep Mountain; fo foon as they efpy’d Men, they inftancly running away, were {een no more. | Having left Quintero, and {pent a Moneth in Sailing farther, they dif- cry’d eight great Ships; whereupon the Prifoners inform’d them, that it was the Spanish Fleet, of which Roderigo de Mendoza was Admiral, fitted out on pute; pofeto fight Spilbergen , whofe coming (as we faid) was known a year before. Pe werraLparuaroner ae Sp iT night Mendoxa Boarded Spilbergen , but was fo roughly receiv’d, that he Bigs was fore’d to Retreat with the lofs of the Ship St. Francifco. At Day+break, the Holland Admiral fir’d at Mendoza, who anfwering withegual courage, occas fion’dia fart Engagement, wherein the Spaniards were fo hard. befer , that they put forth a White Flag, but it was immediately taken in again by the Commanders aboard, choofing rather to die, than furrender, becaufe they had mock’d at Mendoza, when he hinted the difficulty of the Enterprize inthe Grand Peruvian Councel, faying, They went out, onely to take a few difabled Hol- landers, and tying them hand and feet, carry them to Execution. Yet their high and proud Stomachs prov'd very fatal to them, for afterwards totally routed and put to flight; moft of them funk by the way. | 7. | ealyow de Lima: Thisdone, the Hollanders vitorioufly Sail’d to Calyow de Lima, haying a cone venient. Haven: The City adorn’d with curious Houfes and Temples cis ftrengthen’d by a Platform, Planted, with great Guns towards the Sea, andthe Shore was guarded by eight Troops of Horfe, and four thoufand Foot; where- upon, Spilbérgen , ~who was yet to go fo greata Voyage, judg’d it no way con- venient to adventure the lofs of all on the good oribad event of a Battel, efpe- cially being fo much over-power’d by the number of the, Enemy : Wherefore {eeing no hopes of Vidtory, fecting forward to Guarma, he got fome frefh Pro- Vifions. i ae | Peta Darn: Againft the City Peyta,he play’d his Cannon with fuch fury that the Towns- » men deferted the place, which he obferving, fer it on fire, and Sail’d to Aqnapul- que, where from the Fort at firft the Spaniards fired fome Guns at them; but foon after changing humor, they came roan Accommodation, furnifhing the Hollanders with convenient Provifions. Paffing on, and coming to Selaques, both Natives and Spaniards having fuffer’d fome of the Hollanders to Land , after {er Spilbergen in great dan- er. B Crem? MER TC fet upon them treacheroufly in a Thicket, but to their little advantage, for they made fo good a Defence, that the Affailants not able to bear the brunt, fled with great lofs. | , . | < Spilbergen Sailing from hence tothe Manilla’s, waited there for the Spanifh Ad- miral Juan de Silva, who had made (as was reported) great preparations for him long fince ; but fecing it was in vain, at-laft he return’d to Zealand , where he came to an Anchor, loaden with Riches , in-the middle of Summer, Anio i617. Ser: XVIIi The Expedition of William Cornelifzon Schouten, and Jacob Le Maire. Ome Merchants that were call’d the Auffrian Company, fitted out one Ship wich fixty five, and a Ketch with two and twenty Sea-men , giving the Command thereof to the Captaiiis Schouten and Le Maire: Anno 1615 they Weigh’d’ Anchor from the Texel; the firft took a view of one of the three Iflands, call’d Mabrabomma, lying before Cape Sierra Leona, This Ifland appear- ing a great height out of the Sea, was not inhabited, they feeing onely three Wild Bufles, many Wild Cats, Birds which bark’d like Dogs, Wild Palm- Trees, Lemon-Trees, Turtles, Crocodiles, Partridges, and Storks: From. hence, paffing by the dangerous Shelf Abrolbos, they ran into Porto Defire, where on the Rocks they found abundance of Eggs,and Spierings,or Smelts,and Spire- orafs fixten Inches long, wherefore they call'd that Inlet Spierings-Bay. “Their Sloop alfo brought two Sea-Lions , and one hundred and fifty Penguins from the Penguin Ifles, having Sail’d two Leagues up the River ; inthe interim, the ground being meer Stone, and their Anchors coming home, the great Ship drove againft a Rock , and at Ebbing Water, broke off the ourermoft Planks and Iron-Work , and the Ketch alfo ftriking on a high Shelf , was at low Ebb two Fathom with her Keel above the Water, and had without peradventure been overfet, and bilg’d, but a frefh North-Weft Wind kept her upright, yet at laft,the Weather growing calm,fhe lean’d,but the Tide coming in very faft, fet her afloat, fo that fhe was miraculoufly fav'd ; then fetting Sail again to King’seIfland, they found fo many Eggs of black Mews, that one without ftir- ing from his place, might reach above fifty Nefts, and in ‘each of them at leaft three Eggs, which they carty’d aboard by thoufands. Their Boat Rowing Southerly down the River, found fome Oftriches, and Beafts not unlike Stags, but with exceeding long Necks. On the Hills lay Stones heap’d one upon ano- ther, which removing, they found Dead Bodies of eleven Foot long; here they fpent their time in cleanfing their Ships, and new Sheathing the Ketch, but as they were Tallowing, the Flame accidentally got between the Creviffes which immediately taking Fire, in a fhort time confum’d it to Afhes: The gteat Ship had gotten a Horn in her Bow, feven Foot under Water ; this Horn being firm without any hollownefs, and not unlike a great Elephants Tooth, ftruck thorow two Afhen and one Oaken Plank, fticking in a Rib of the like “Wood, and yet above half a Foot remain’d out to be feen. | At length Schouten Weighing Anchor from Porto Defire, and Sailing to four and fifty Degrees Southern Latitude, met whole Shoals of Whales, infomuch, that he was fain to Tacque to and again to {hun them. Sea-Pies, bigger than Swans, came flying in great numbers aboard , fuffering themfelves to be ee . wit 7 Mabrabomma,what mane ner of Ifle, Schouten in great danger) Incredible many Eggs, ~ Great Corps, Ketch burnt, Strange Horfi; Great Mews, 7 8 AMERICA. Chap, Hk with the hand. On the North-fide they {py’d a high and feraggy Coaft {pread- ing it felf tothe Eaft South-Eaft, which they-call’d,. ‘The States County fy, that which lay tothe Weftward of it, Maurice of Naffan, the lands in fatty Jéven Degrees Barnevield’s Ifles, and the fharp Point in whichlay the Snowy Moun- tains , Southwatd of the Magellan Straights end, the Cape of Hoorn. fe: Schouten had now gotten the height of fifty nine Degrees, when he enter’d the South-Sea, through the new paflage between Mauritius ahd the States»Coun- Straights Le Maire: trey, Which was call’d from his Partner, The Straights of Le Maire.. : Tilesin the South-Sea. Near the two Ifles Juan Fernando, they found great ftore of Fifh, after that they view’d thefe Mlands, that lay featter'd up-and down the South-Sea, each of them they nam’d according to their feveral occafions, calling the firft, The Ifle of Dogs , becaufe'they have ho Dogs there that could not bark : Another, The Bottomle/s I/land , becaufe the Sea was fodeep about it, that they could not come to an Anchor. The Inhabitants who go. naked, with their Skins pounced full of ftrange fhapes, of blue Snakes, Dragons, and fach like Creatures, Salli’d out of the Woods upon the Hllanders with great Clubs, to which was faften’d the: Sword, or. Snout of a Sword-Fifh., and alfo with Slings. : ay He, . ore By vo Bree Sciieutiin further they came to Water*Land , and Flyes-Ifland , the firk fo nam’d, becaufe the Shore round about was planted with Trees, but in the middle all lay cover’d with Salt-Water ; the other from the Flyes, which with incredible numbers troubled the Sea-men four days together. gotranse entertainment at Moreover, the Reception or Entertainment which Schouten was welcom’d | withal, atthe HoorneIflands, being very remarkable, we willin brief relate: Anchoring in nine Fathom Water, Shelly ground, before a frefh Rivulet; three Hollanders fent to the King were by him courteoufly entertain’d, who with ftrange humility, not bow’d, but kiffing their Feet fell fat on the ground, and put the Hollanders Feet upon his Neck; and after this manner of Salutati- on, waited upon them aboard : Yet although this King fawn’d fo much, and {eem’d fo humble, yet he was very fevere over his Subjects, for finding one that had filch’d a Sword, he not onely brought and reftor'd it, but immediate. ly Executed the Thief before their Faces. : Le Maire and Arias Clae{zxoon were much honor’d here, for the old and young King put their Crowns on their Heads, curioufly Wrought of fine White Fea- thers, and the end adorn’d with {mall Red and Green Feathers ; they gave alfo to each of them a Pigeon, White to their Wings, the hinder part Black, and under their Bellies Red. Prag Fa In the interim, the King of Water-I/land vifited the other, by whom Le Maire was treated : When they met, they made ftrange fhews of Honor to each other, but at laft fhew’d their Salvagenefs by eating raw Fifh, and rudely Dancing before the Hollanders. Le Maire going into the Countrey, and climbing up a high Mountain, faw nothing but Morafs Wilds, and. Vallies, lying under Water: The King and his Retinue here kept him company, during his ftay there, when weary with walking, they fate down together under Coco-Nut- ‘Trees ; the young King tying a String about his Leg, climb’d with exceeding - dexterity up a high Tree, bringing feveral Coco-Nuts down with him, which hé open’d very expeditioufly. 1 ae, Arias Claefzoon, Rowing afhore one night, found the King ficcing under a Roof, refting on four Pillars , where feveral Naked Women Dane‘d before him according to their Mufick, which was Taboring upon a hollow Piece of ‘Wood, —_ a a SR a ee ‘Chap: MI. AMERICA. oo PK rene A it > ion et Gt Le SPE, Mey ew a ek OS ee ere a / ee # Wood, which yielded a murmuring found without any difting& Tune. | But the two Kings meeting again, the next day Complemented one ano- ther with more antick and ridiculous Poftures, fitting fide by fide under the Roof, imploring their God, with their Hands folded, and their Heads bow’d tothe ground: At this interview, four Holland Trumpeters and Drummers ftood playing before the King, to the great admiration and amazement of the Iflanders, which were.near ten thouland gatherd.together upon the News of the ftrangers to attend. the two Kings. Scon after a great company of Rufticks came running thither, which had a green Herb call’d Cava, ty'd about their sa ftrange L'quor. middle, on a fudden they began all to chaw this Cava, throwing that which they had.chaw’d into a large Woodden Trough, then putting Water to it, they Kneaded it together; which done, brought the Liquor on their Heads to the. two Kings, before-whom they kneel’d when they gave them any: Yet not- withftanding they receiv’d fuch honor from their Subjects, they fhew’d fervile ref{pects to the Hollanders, for every King prefented them with a Pig, which they firft laid on their Heads, then kneeling, put it down at Le Maires Feet, and. bowing their Heads to the ground, rofe again. They wear their Hair long, which Brayded, hung on the left fide of theit Heads down to their Hips, ty'd-at the end with two.Knots; but the Nobility had two fuch Locks: All of them went naked, their Privities onely cover’d. Thefmalleft of the Men exceeded the biggelt of the Hollanders in tallnefs. The Women had long Breafts — tmpudent Women; hanging like Satchels down to their Bellies,and fo unfhamefac’d,that they pro- ftituted themfelves to any, in fight of all Men; and ftill.at low Water, their bufinefs was to catch Fifh, which they greedily eat raw. : After all this Entertainment, Weighing from hence, Schouten Sail’d along © scangenidmerg, the Coaft of New-Guiny, where three Boats full of Negro’s came Rowing to- wards them, Slinging very fiercely. Stones at them, and hovering about, attended their motion all ‘night. Next morning, feven Boats more coming to ae their afiftance,. they fet upon the Hollanders , but foon'fled from their Bullets; . e . ; yee ; - —— — T ‘ _- 7 - _— - ~ eS —— = = = — = ae Defornrd people. Remarkable Exploits of L’ Hermite. AMERICA. Chap: HL. yet two of the Negro’s were taken, that in each Noftril wore a Ring. Sailing further, feveral Boats came aboard of them, whereof thofe that Row’d, break. ing their Affagays or Launces over their ends, enterd the Ship:; the Hair of ' their Heads and Beards bedawb’d with Lime, flew about, whilft they Danc’d on the Decks, after they had eaten a good Meal: But fhicy endeavor'’d to rez ward this their kind Entertainment with Treachery , for going afhore, they foon after retutn’d in greater numbers, and fat upon the Anchors which lay over the Bows of the Ship, and there being a great calm, endeavor'd to Towe the Ship towards the Shore; whilft others threw Stones and Arrows. But fo foon as the Hollanders firing their Guns ‘Wounded feyeral of them, they -all fled , except fome which they took Prifoners, whereof one whom they afters wards call’d Mo/es, did them gteat fervice, But Le Maire was amaz’d at nothing mote, than when on the next Coatt he faw feveral little Houfes built about nine Foot high, out of which many Peos ple Iffu’d, which were all deform’d, either having Wry Nofes, Bow Legs, Squint Byes, or crooked Backs, and all j in one part or another mif- -fhapen. At laft, Anchoring befote Siitiva, the Ship was ftopt there by order of the Eajt-India Company ; and the Men divided and put aboard thofe Ships that Sail’d from Indiato Holland,and arriv’d in fafety at Flufhing, after they had Sail’d about the World, in two years and eighteen days. SECT. XVIII. Voyage of the Naflavian Fleet, under the Command of Jaques L’ Heremite, and Gees Huigo Schapenham. He United Netherlands, to abate the Spanifh Greatnels, fet out a confidera ble Fleet, which they fent to try their fortune, in making Prize of what ever they could light upon in any of their Havens wafh’d by the South- Sea. Jaques L’ Hermite had ten Ships under his Command, Mann’d with fixteen hundred thirty feven Men, and two hundred ninety four Brafs and Iron Guns, with which he fet Sail fot Goree, Anno 1623. and coming before Cape Vincent, he difcover’d eleven Turkifh Pirates, whom fighting, he beat, and re-took the Holland Ships they had made'Prize of. _ At Roxents Head, L’ Hermite gave chafe to fifteen Spanifh Ships, and coming up with them, funk eleven, and took four laden with Sugar. Afterwards Ans choring at Safia, he fent che Ship Over-yffel, and a Frigat call’d the Gray-Hound, to Convoy home the Prizes; afterward being inform’d, that thirty Spanifh _ Vegar a wicked man, Ships were making to them, Sailing : into the Haven St. Viviane the Spring Wa- ter that he fupply’ d his empty Cask: with being brakkifh, caus’d an excoriation of the Guts, which brought the Bloody-Flux, whereby he loft many of his Sea-men ; béidg well entertain’d by the Saf vages of Antonio, they went on to Sierra Leena’ a Mountainous Point full of Lime-Trees, here they found the Names of Sr. Francis Drake, and other Englifh cut in a Rock. After that he put in at the fruitful [land Anndbon, where he caus’d his Chi- rurgeon to be Beheaded. This wicked Man being froagh to the Torture, would confefs nothing © concerning the Crimes objeéted againft him, but Reine ftrip’d for Execution, they found:a fmall Bag hanging on his Breaft, in ‘which lay a Serpents Skin and Chap. Il. . ef MERICA. and Tongue, with which he had Poyfon’d feveral Men, but he confefs’d no- thing. The firft of February, the Fleet came to Cape de Pemias , which they know ata great diftance, by its high Mountains cover’d with Snow. In fhort time after, Sailing by the Mouth of the Straights of La Maire, they met with very tempeftuous Weather, and feventeen of their Men going afhore, were devour'd by the Cannibals of Terra del Fuogo. Thefe People being all Whites, and of a large Stature, Paint themfelves Red, and go ftark naked, except fome of higheft quality who tie a Deer Skin about their Necks; and the Women co- ver their Nakednefs with a piece of Leather : They live in Bowers made of the Brariches of Trees, Stak’d three Foor deep, in a round at bottom, and above like our Tents, Canopy’d, the top of which open, to carry out the Smoke like a Chimney ; and have no other Houfhold-ftuff than fome Baskets, in which they lay their few Fifhing Implements. They go continuallyArm’d with Clubs, Arrows, Slings, and Stone-Knives: Their Boats being only the Trunk of a Tree made hollow, rife ip before and behind like a Halfs-Moon, and are four- teen, and fome fixteen Foot long, and two broad, and Row {wifter thana Pinnace with many Oars. Laftly, they are fo Salvage, that they feem rather to be Beafts than Men, knowing no Religion, ill Natur’d, cruel and Trea- cherous, ~ : | - From hence, pafling on, L’ Hermite refrefh’d at the defolate Ifle Fernando, and fo Steer’d his Courfe to Calla de Lima, on whofe Coaft, taking a Spanifh V effel, the Prifoners told him , that their Plate-Fleet had Weigh’d Anchor, and were gone to Panama; only the Admiral which carry’d forty Brafs Guns, with fifty Merchant-Men, lay clofe under the Shore, Guarded by three Stone Bulwarks, Fortifi’d with fifty Guns. - L’ Flermite having a defign upon thefe, took three Spanijh Veffels that were going thither, and at midnight, fent Captain Adrian Tol, Peter Slobbe, and. Mein- dert Egbert(xon, with twelve well Mann’d Boats, furnifh’d with Brafs Drakes, and Hand-Granado’s, to Attaque the Spanifh Fleet that lay hard by ; and whilft | fome gave a falfe Alarm on the North of Callao, the Boats Rowing from Ship to Ship, in fhort time fir'd forty of them; although the Spaniards. from the Shore endeavor’d by their Shot to drive back the Enemy , neither the Fort or Admiral {paring Powder nor Ball. | In this valiant Exploit the Hollanders had onely feven Men kill’d, and fifteen Wounded: About break of day, {even of the Spanifh Ships floated, burning to- wards the Dutch Fleet, which were as terrible as now Fire-fhips, which fore’d them to Weigh Anchor to fhun them. After that, L’ Hermite took two Ships laden with Wine, a third full of Wood, and a fourth with Wheat: One of thefe Prizes he fitted and prepar'd fora Fire-fhip, and fending her to Board the Spanifh Admiral, it ran aground with- in fhot of him ; whereupon being batter’d by the Admirals Guns, and thofe from the Bulwarks, and at laft taking Fire gave but a {mall blow, becaufe moft part of the Powder had taken Wet. | In this interim, while thus their defign went profperoufly on, their Admiral L’ Eheremite dy’d, whom they Bury’d on the Ifland Lima, and Schapenbam, in de- fiance of the Vice-Roy in Callao, caus’d.one and twenty Spaniards.to be hang’d atthe Yard-Arm, becau(e he had fent him a fcornful Anfwer on the Propofals concerning the delivery of the Prifoners. | on _ Ornelius Facobfzoon Sailing to Pi/co with four Sail from the Fleet, could do AT aed P no ce < = — - ~ —— — == — ~ *, - aS = ab a TPS ei Ss = — == ie 1 Hg i] AL Verfhoor's Expl. it, Schapenhane s remarkable Exploits, ; _* AMERICA. Chap. HI. | no good there, for he not onely found the City to be furrounded with a Wall of fifteen Foot high, but having alfo many Earthen-Redoubts, behind which lay above two thoufand arm’d Men, wherefore he deferted the fame after fome Rancounters : But the RearsAdmital, John Williamfxoon Verfhoor, who was fent to Gainguil, had much better luck , for he not onely took that Metropolis, but alfo burnt a new Royal Gallion, and two lefler Vellels ; carry’d a conquer’d Veffel to Lima; flew above a hundred Spaniards, and threw feventeen over- board, becaufe they had fhot Poyfon’d Bullets againft the Law of Arms; of which Conqueft Captain Engelbert Shutte had the greateft honor: But the Seas men grew weaker and weaker by the Scurvy, and all of them would have pe- rifh’d, had they not found a foveraign Herb on the higheft Mountains of Lima. Schapenham being chofe Admiral in L’ Heremites place, Weigh’d Anchor from Cal- lao, and ran into the Inlet Pifcadores,where on the fhore he rais'd a Sconce; yet not long after departed from thence without any effeé&t , but loft twenty eight Men, through the bad Condué of theit Commanders, the like number he loft alfo at Aqnapulque, on the fide of which City ftands a Caftle with four ftrong Bulwarks; the Holland Fire-fhip lay juft without the reach of the fhot, the reft lay along the fhore in a row, there to feize upon the Veflels expected thither from the Manillaes : But becaufe the Scurvy raged amongft the Sea-men, ~ and difabled them, they waited in vain, Schapenham Sail’d through the South- Schapewhans dics. Sea Lions. Brewer's Haven. Remarkable Exploits. Sea to the Ladrones, where he found ftore of Provifions. Anno 1625. in March, he drop’d Anchor before Maleye, and from thence went with Herman Spiult, the Governor for the Baft-India Company in Amboina, to (cram, where they Cone quer’d the Fort Lochoe, and foon after (ambella, then the Fleet being divided, Schapenbam carry’d home two Ships from Batavia, and the remainder return’d at feveral times, they being hir’d to ferve the Ea/t-India Company to Surratta, Malacca, Coromandel, and the Molucco Iles ° Schapenbam Deceafing neat Bantum, and being Bury’d on Pulo Boftok, the Ships arriv’d at the Texel in July, Anno 1626, | . 2 | | Henry Brewer bis Voyage. AX 1643. Brewer fer Sail with four Ships from Reciffo, and ran clofe along the States-I/le, fo dangerous and Rocky, that he durft not put in to the Land, from which flew great abundance of Party-colour’d Ducks, with fharp Bills, about the Ships, and under the Keels {wam alfo Whales. On the Weft fide of the Straights Le Maire, Brown ran into Valentine’s Inlet, where he was much troubled by the Winds which came whiftling through the hollow Mountains with great and fudden gufts: The fhore afforded red and black Strawberries, Carville and Mufcles, ro the creat. refrefhment of the Sea- men, who daily faw Sea-Lions, but could not come to fhoot one of them, for no foonér they perceiv’d any body, but they Diving under Water, fwam away; and though they faw Mens Foot-fteps of eighteen Inches long, yet they never found any Men. Thence Sailing into the South-Sea, along the Coaft of Chili, they enter’d a Bay which they nam’d Brewer’s-Haven, where Landing, they walk’d towards a great Smoke which they faw afar off, but coming near it, -found only two Howfes within a large Plain, full of Sheep, Oxen, and Hor- fes; ‘before the Houfes ftood Woodden Crofles. | Pee The’ Dolphin Pink and a great Boat being fentto the Inlet, lay the fotlowing Night at an Anchor near a high Mountain; from whence, in the Night, two great Guns were fird, whereupon, Lieutenant Wiliam Ter Bergen Landed with | fixteen Chap! III. AMER IC A fixteen Mufqueteers , and climbing up the Mountain, found a Village behind the fante, where all things were in Alarm, Drums beating, Trumpets found- ing, Bellsringing; the Villagers fuddenly firing their Guns on Ter Bergen, who being fupply’d with thirty four Men, Encounter’d the Enemy fo Valiantly, that he fled into the Woods, not without the lofs of Men and Horfés: The Guns with which they had fhot in the Night lay onely ona Redoubt: Ter Ber- gen perfuing this Vitory, March’d into the Woods, and fhot the Spanifh Come mander Andreas Munes Iferrera from his Horfe, got great ftore of Treafure which lay hid under the Tree, being brought out of Carelmappa, which Village he fet afire, and kill’d all the Horfes » and Weigh’d Anchor with the Admiral Brewer to Michael de Cabuco, where not being able to Land, becaufe of the many ob- {cure Rocks and Shoals, they fet Sail to Cu/tro, which they conguer’dand burnt without the leaft refiftance: This City fituate on a Mountain is ftately built among Flowry Meadows, delightful Orchards, and brave Fountains ; the Sea before it flows daily fourteen Foot. Brewer alfo burnt a Spanifh Ship, and fet fome Houfes afire, took three Spaniards Prifoners on Las Bahias, who inform’d him, that the Winter Seafon was almoft over, but that it was never known by any to pafs over fo mildly, ill Weather generally ufing to blow down Houfes, Trees, and rend Rocks afunder ; that there was much Gold in Oforno and Baldivia,; which laft they had fome years fince deferted for hunger, but ie was fince Garrifon’d by three hundred Caftilians, that none could get at the Fort Conception (which lay a League Wefterly from thence) but in a {mall Boat, that there were on thé place near two thouland Inhabitants.. Moreover, an ancient Matron call’d Lovy/a Pizarra, from Quintian, one of the Ifles in the Chilean Ine Land-Sea, being fetch’d from thence, gave information, that forty years fince, before the Indians took u p Arms, the Spaniards were quietly fetled in Oforno, and in fo good a condition, that an ordinary Planter. had at leaft three hundred Slaves, of which, every one was to procure a certain quantity of Gold, thatthe Ifles (hiloves were divided into above a hundred Colonies or Plantations, the Chilefes ferving the Caftiliansas their true Governors ; thofethat do good Service, the King of the Colony makes them Commandets; and that the Chinefes had Rebell’d in feveral places. Brewer on the Chilefes requeft took fome of them, with their Wives and Children into his Ship, furnifh’d with Arms, he diggo’d a Cheft of Silver and a Brafs Gun out of the Earth , and foon after being fick, dy’d. His Succeffor Elias Herkmans- profecuting thofe Publick Affairs, fent the Pilot of the Unity out of Brewer's Haven, and fome Sea-men » with two Chi- lean Cafiques with a Boat to Carelmappa ; but being furpriz’d by a violent Storm, ftood in for Florfe«Ifland, where he and the Cafiques Landing, he ordet’d feven Sea-men to carry the Boat toa (afer Harbor ; but being driven from the fhore by ftrong Winds, it took in fo much Water as fill’d and funk it, fo that all of them were drown’d. Fhorfe- Ifland being deftitute of Provifions and Lodgings, thofe that were Landed expected nothing but Death, till they found outa fmall Hut, and in the fame fix brave Sheep, and a good quantity of Potatoe Roots, which fery’d for Bread : But when this their new-found Store was almoft {pent, they happily were fetch’d off by the Boat belonging to the Ship Amfterdam, and with the whole Fleet came to an Anchor before Baldivia, This City built by the Caftilians, confifted formerly of five hundred and fifty fair Houfes, and was divided into Streets and crof Ways, with two large Markets, and as many coftly Churches. | | The Chile/es unfufferably opprefs'd, flew all the Spanifh Garrifon, and pi P 2 ‘ | the 123 Tér Bergen’s Exploit. | Caffroa City, Stream Chili, Brewer dics Strange accident, Baldivia,a brave City. eos area eae ' es | a A ME RE Ce. © Chap. Ii]. + the Governor’s Mouth and Ears pour'd meled Gold ; of his Skull they Bush Drinking-cup , and of his Shin-bones, “Trumpets 5 atter chs “4d i oe i moft to decay, onely a great part of the Wall remain’d yer'ftanding : e Be leans hereupon flock’d hither by thoufands, fome on Horles, others on Foot, a Arm’d with Lances of a Foot long: Herkman hereupon informing them by an Interpreter, that they being mortal Enemies of the Spaniards, seni joye with the Chileans againft that common Foe ; and defir’d, that they might build a Fort on the Marketeplace in Baldivia, for a defence againft all Invafions, and that they might be fupply’d with Provifions which the Fleet wanted ; all which the Chileans granted, and accordingly brought in ftore of Sheep, Hogs, and Cattel: | But fo foon as Berkman began to make the leaft mention of Gold, they were all abafh’d, and faid, that they knew of no Gold Mines, nay; their Hair ftood an end, when they heard the name of Gold; fo horribly the Spaniards had dealt iy the, childs erew with their Parents + After this, the Chileans crowing more and more ftrange, range tothe Mollanders, did not in the leaft countenance the building of the Fort, and the longer the Fleet ftaid, the lefs Provifions they brought aboard ; upon which, the Ships were necesitated, without any rémarkable Exploits, to fet Sail and return to Reciffo. | %? — il ibe is — *,.." 7 ss ‘The Second Book, ) - CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION - O F | ; CH ALPS ok Of the Bounds of America, and of the Divifion of the Mexican or Northern part thereof, EAving in the firft part of this Volume difcours’d at large == e partof the World call’d India Occidentalis, or America, were @, known to the Ancients, or own its Difcovery wholly to the Moderns, as alfo of all the Difcoveries that have been it: Nor can this fuppofition be thought vain, if, as many think, it be inviron’d on the North-fide, as toward the Eaft, South, and Weft it is known to be ; Eaft and South, by the Atlantick Ocean, and Weft, by Mar del Zur: But becaufe the North-Weft Paffave, though attempted by many, as Nelfon, Davis, Forbifher, Button, Smith, Hudfon, and others, hath not yet by any been fully difcover’d , fo that it is Not certainlysknown whether America be joyn’d to Greenland, and the Arétick Region, By a continu’d Traé& of Land, or fever’d by the Ocean: We fhall follow the me- thod of thofe Geographers, who, reputed fufficiently Authentick, have divided this. new World’into Iflands, and two grand Peninfula’s joyn’d together by am fthimus, or Neck of Land; call’d The Sraight of Darien, by fome The Straizht of Panama, lying ale moft under the Equinodtial Line, and extending in length from Nombre de Dios southward above a hundred Miles, and from Eaftto Weft feventeen Miles over in \ | P 3 hs Th an \ d Bounds : P a's f Divifion concerning the original of the Americans, and whether that of Kesher meric. a ; : hl hh Ali L | Pp } y.% 126 : AMERICA. Chap. I- the narroweft place. Of thefe two grand Peninfula’s the Northern is generally call’d America Mexicana, from. Mexico the chief City of the Province, propetly call’d Mexi- cana; which ‘was héretofore without doubt the moft potent, rich, and flotrifhing of all the Kingdoms of the hidians; at leaft on the North-fide of the Ifthmuss In the divifion of the feveral Provinces of America, as well thofe of rhe Northern as of the Southern Continent, we find fo vatious an account among the feveral Geographers that have written of them (not any twoof them agreeing in one and the fame or- der) that to reconcile the differing methods of fo many difagreeing Authors would be an endlefs work : wherefore we fhall pitch upon the fureft courfe, and not omitting the mehtion of any of the Provinces taken notice of by the faid Au- thors, hereby endeavor to take in whatfoever material hath been obferv’d by all of them, and by the way take occafion to fhew low one differs from another in the diftribution of them. Thofe therefore of the Northern America (that as. near as can be wwe may bring the defign of many into one) {eém moft fitly defcrib'd in this following order: 1. Eftotiland ; 2. Terra Laborators, or Nova Britannia; 3. Canada, or Nova Francia; 4. Nova Scotia; 5. New England; 6. New Netherlands, now call'd New York, as being in the poffeffion of the Englifh ; 7. New Holland ; 8. New Swede- land; 9. Apalchen, now call’d Virginia, 10. Florida, 11. Jucatan; 12. Hondaras ; 13. Nicaragua ; 14. Veragia, 15. Coftarica; 16. Anuen; 17. Nova Eiispania ; 18. Guae catimala; 19. Nova Gallicia; 20. Nova Bifcaia; 21. Nova Mexico; 22. Cibola; 23. Nova Granata; 24. Tontonteac; 25. Quivira; 26. Nova Albion ; to which by moft Authors is added (alifornias which being an Ifland we thought fit to referve to be fpoken of amongft the Iflands, as alfo Terra Nova, or New-found Land ; which laft lies utmmoft Welt, as the other Eaft of Northern America. Some there are alfo (and particularly Monfienr de Martini) who among the above-mention’d Provinces have inferted Greenland, though doubtlefs with little reafon, fince though it be granted that it is not divided by any Sea, yet it is evident, if any credis may be given toall modern Maps and Globes, that the greateft part of Greenland li€s in the Heimilphére of the known World ; and therefore we have judg’d it moft Convenient to refer thé particular mention thereof to the Defcription of the Arétick Région. is The Iflands of Northern America are 1. Terra Nova, or New-found Lund; 2. The Ifland of Affumption; 3. ‘The Bermudas, or Summer-I/land ; 4. Hispaniola; 5 St. Fobn Porto Rico, 6 (uba; 7. Jamaica; 8. The Lucayes ; 9. The Caribes, or Antille ; 10. Margarita; 11 (ubagua ; 12. La Trinidad ; 13. Tabago; 14. California, the biggelt of all che American Ilands. . The length of the Weft-Indies is generally computed to be from the utmoft South of Terra Magellanica, to the fartheft North of Effotiland, about fix thoufand Englifh Miles, reaching from fix Degrees of Northern, to fifty three of Southern Latitude ; the breadth from St. Michael or Piura Weftward, to Parabaya, a Town on the Coaft of Brafil Eaftward, three thoufand nine hundred Miles, and the whole compafs thirty thoufand, | | | , Sect. Il. Eftotiland. — the Fnglifh have been very great Undertakers of Voyages and Difcove- ries toward the North-Weft, appears by the denomination of divers pla. ces, both from the Perfons which have Sail’d thitherward, and alfo from fuch of our own Countrey Names as were thought fit to be there fix’d, as beyond: , the Arétick Circle are Sir James Lancafter’s Sound, Sit Dudley Diggs’s Cape, Queens Annes Foreland, Chap. TI. eA MERIC 4A. Foreland, Cumberland Iles, Davis's Straight, exc. on this fide toward the Aréick Circle, Button’s and Brigg’s Bay, Hudfon’s Sea, otherwile term’d Mare Chriftianum, out of which more Wefterly runs a narrow Sea call’d Hudfon’s Straight : beyond Hudfon’s Sea towards the Arétick Circle is a place call’d New North-Walzs ; and on this fide an- fwerable to it, between Button’s Bay and thie Chriftian Sea, lies New Sonth-Wales , all which places we find generally fet down in the American Hemifphere, but in the Geographical Difcourfes thereof little is faid of them, if fo muchas nam’d. The fartheft patt of Land Northward, between Hadfon’s Gulph and Hudfon’s Straight, betwixt fifty féven and fixcy Degrees of Northern Laticude, goes generally by the Name of F/fotiland, 1 mean that properly fo call’d (for EFffotiland is by fome as latgely taken as (Canada, by Claverins, Goluitzins, Peter du Val, and others, namely for allthat Tract of Land extending from that fuppofed Straight of Anfan, which di- vides America from Afiatick Tartary, as fat as the utmoft point of Land that fhoots toward the Atlantick Ocean) which Southerly towards Terra Laboratoris is bounded with a River vulgarly call’d Rio Nevado, or The Snowy River. Eftotiland {eems to have deriv’d its Name from its lying more Eafterly than the reft of the Provinces, and, according as Nova Britannia is plac’d in fome Charts, might very well be taken - for the fame, though it hath not been fo term’d by any Author, but rather Terra Laboratoris, Cortereatis, and Nova Britannia are generally receiv'd to be all one. This Province is affitrn’d by Matthias Quadus, and J. Antonius Maginus, to have been the fitft difcover’d Countrey of the new World, and that by Antonins Zeno, a Patrician 6f Venice, in the Year of our Lord 1390. which was long before the Ex- pedition of Columbus, through the encouragement of Zichmus, King of the Ifle of Friegland ; but by whomfoevet found out, or at whatfoever time, it is commonly affirm’d to be not ill furnifh’d wich Provifions of all forts, as Beafts, Birds, Fifh, Fowl, and Fruits, having a Soil indifference fertile, in refpec of the coldne(s of the Climate. The People in general (for fome there are that live wild and falvage up and down the Woods, and go naked, whereas the Clothing of the Countrey is the Skins of Beafts and of Sea-Calves, call’d Morfes) are reported not onely tolerably civil, but alfo ingenious and expert both in mechanick Arts, and other neceflary Faculties, infomuch thar'the firft Voyagers to this place are faid to have obferv'd of them upon this firft Difcovery, That they fow’d Corn, brew’d Beer and Ale, and Traded by Sea to Greenland, Friezland, and other places, to the diftance of fifteen hundred Miles , and that they were not altogether void of the ufe of Letters, ‘but that ‘their Charadtér'was onely proper to themfelves and not intelligible by any other Nation : Moreover,there isa certain Tradition,that there was here and there forme little knowledge of the Latine’ Tongue amongft them, and that there were found divers Latine Books in a Library of one of their‘Kings ; the reafon of which, iftrue, is conjeétur'd co be ‘from certain Europeans who underftood that Language, having in Ages paft fuffer’d fhipwrack upon thofe Coafts, where chancing to abide either through conftraint or choice, they might haply at their Deceafe leave behind thet fothe Books ‘and other Monuments of the Latine Tongue. They were ob- férv’d to ule fuch'a kind of Javelin ‘or fhort Dart, as was known to be us’d by the People’of Java, and fome other Iflands of the Ea/t-Indies ; whereupon it feems not ‘wholly ‘improbible, that they might for along time have entertain’d Traffick and Correfpondence'with them. The Morfes, or SéatCalves before mention’d, are about the bignefs of a young Heifer, the ‘Hunting ‘of which by the Natives, who take them in great numbers, is to’themtin the ftead’of 'Whale-fifhing, which is not there fo good, for they draw a great quantity of Train-Oyl out of them. Onceach fide ofthe Jaw of this amphi- bious 127 Firft diftove. ry of Effoti- land, The Nature of the People, Defeription of the Adored 128 Situation, AMERICA. ” “€haps b bious Creature (for it is faid to live very much on the Land,as well as in the Water) there fticks out a crooked Tusk, winding downward like an Elephants Probo/cis, above a Cubit in length, and as white and hard as Ivory : It is efteem’d of great vertue, at leaft it paffes for fuch among thofe who take it for other than what it is, for it is frequently vended for Unicorns-horn ; of which impofture Dr. Brown takes notice, and gives a Caution againft in his Vulgar Errors. This Countrey is fuppos’d, and that probably enough, to have ftore of Brals and Iron Mines; but for the Mines of Gold and Silver, which fome have imagin’d there, the Northerly Situation of the Countrey, and by confequence the coldnefs of the Climate, give fufficient caufe to queftion the truth of any fuch affertion, What chief Towns, Cities, Rivers and Mountains there are in this Province, is not yet deliver’d by any, onely Maginus and Quadws make mention of four principal Rivers, . which difperfe themfelves through the Countrey, and take their fource out of a great Mountain in the midft thereof. 3 Sect. Ill. | | Terra Laboratoris. there are fome who make Laboratoris and Corterealis two diftin& Countreys, comprehended, according to Peter du Val, under Nova Britannia, as the more general Province ; or, according ‘to Cluverins, under Canada) lies from about fifty four to fifty feven Degrees of Northern Latitude, between Eftotiland and the River Canada, which Maginus and fome others, though for what reafon is not exprefs‘d, name Fretum trium Fratrum, The Bay of the three Brethren; others, The ‘River of St. Laurence, and is, according tothe faid Author, of fo vaft a bignefs, that the Mouth of it extends it felf thirty five Italian Miles wide ; likewife of fuch a length, as to have been navigated a continu’d Voyage of eight hundred Miles. ‘The denos mination of Terra de Laborador, or Laboratoris, feems probably enough conjectur'd to be from the cultivability (if one may fo term it) of the Soil, or its aptnefs for Cultivation or Tillage , that is, becaufe by the painful Hand of the Labourer or Husband-man it may be rendred fo fertile, as to yield all forts of Grain and Fruits ; haply in allufion to that fruitful Countrey of (Campania in Italy, vulgarly known by the Name of Terradi Lavoro. As forthe Appellation of Terra (orterealis, it need not be queftion’d, but that it derives it felf from Gaspar Corterealis, a Portuguefe Gentle man, who about the Year of our Lord 1500. is thought by fome to have made the firft difcovery of thefe Parts ; though Sir Seba/tian Cabot a Venetian, is more generally believ’d to have been the Man that (under the favour and countenance of Henry the Seventh, King of England) firft difcover’d them, at leaft the adjoyning Ifland Terra Nova, or New-found Land ; but juft onely difcover’d, being hinder’d the far- ther profecution of that Defign, by the important Affairs in which the faid King © was about that time involv'd; neither did Corterealis, whether he was the firft, or came after, do any more, for returning within 2 year after his firft fetting out, he was never heard of ; nor, as Oforins a Portugue/e Hiftorian writes, any of his Com- pany, being all fuppos’dto have been drown’d by Shipwrack; and in like man- ner Michael (orterealis, who the year following fet forth with two Ships in queft of his Brother Gaspar. Upon which feries of Misfortunes the Portugnefe being wholly difcourag’d, and giving over this Defign, the French of Armorica or Bretany fucceed them in it with fomewhat better fuccefs about the Year 1504.whereupon it came to be aR Laboratoris, by fome call’d Nova Britannia, by others (orterealis, (though / Chap. I. ae AMERICA, be term’d, Nova Britannia, or New Britain. The ancient Inhabitants of this place were formerly of a Nature, like the generality of the American People, fomewhat bruitifh and falvage, but by long converfation with the French, are (aid to have caft off their original wildnefs, and become more civilly manner’d : they are very jealous of their Wives, by report much addiéted to Soothfaying, though otherwife having little of Religion, or of any other kind of Learning ; they dwell for the moft part in Caves under Ground, feed chiefly upon Fifh, and are accounted moft ex- pert Archers. Whatever places the French have built here befides, thofe of chiefeft note are St. Maries, Cabo Marzo, and Breft. Secr. IV. Canada, or New France. nada, as itistaken for oneand the fame Province with New France, con- C0 New France, properly fo call’d, Nowa Scotia, Norumbega, and fome ad- joyning Iflands, as the Canada of Cluverins, lying more North-Wefterly, comprehends (as we have-already intimated) “E/totiland, Laboratoris, and (ortereslis, and, accotding to the moft modern Divifion (for that of Cluverins neither con- fents with the lateft Authors, nor agrees with exact Survey, it being nam’d Canada, in re{pect the River Canada runs through it) hath on the North Terra Corterealis, on the South New England, and on the Eaft the Ocean, and hath between forty five and fifty two or fifty three Degrees. of Northern Latitude. The River (anada is judg’d tobe the largeft of all the Rivers of America, asthofe Rivers generally the largeft of all inthe World befides ; it rifesin the Weftern parts of this Province which remain yet undifcover’d, and in fome places {preads it felf into huge Lakes} fome of them a hundred Miles in compafs, with many little Iflands difperfed up and down in them, and fo running from the Weft about. hundred Leagues, falls at laft into the North part of St. Lawrence Bay, being that wide Emboucheure of thitry five Miles breadth already mention’d. This River is extraordinary full of Fith, among which there is one fort more remarkable than the reft, call’d by the Inha- bitants (adbothuis, having Heads refembling the Heads of Hares, and Bodies:as white as Snow; they are taken for the moft part before the Ifle de Lievres. The Countrey on both fides of the River is pleafant and indifferently fertile, efpecially towards the South-Weft, where upwards from the River the Ground rifes into many little Hills, invefted moft of them with Vines, with which and feveral other forts of Trees this Countrey abounds, being well water’d with a great many lefler Streams, all of them falling into the River Canada. That this Countrey is term’d New France, from having been difcover'd by the French, at leaft more fully than before, there needs no queftion to be made; but whether Foannes Verrazanus, under Francis the Firft of France, or Sebaftian Cabot before fpoken of, were the firft in this Difcovery, may admit of fomething of difpute : the Cabots indeed, (for John the Father is by fome mention’d to have accompanied. his Son) who by all are own’d the firft Difcoverers of New-found-Land and Terra de Baccalaos, axe alfo commonly reputed to have firft found out the Province of New France, together with fome parts adjacent, though perhaps it might be upon this Ground that Terra de Nova, or New-found-Land, not being known at firft to be ari Hland, New France and that might be taken for one continu’d Province ; and it ap- pears fo much the more probable, becaufe Canada, or Nova Francia, is by fome call’d Terra Nova , however itbe, or whoever were the firft Adventurers, Quarteri and o 3 Champlain Hg) Situation, Firft difea® very, = - a a — = nl al > .- a _ = >. - ee al — a a ee ee — «1 sa, aA 4 Wy. ihe ; ' bt ¥, © . J 130 AMERICA. - Chap. I. Champlain are the two French-men that have gain’d fomuch fame by making/a more. ample and particular fearch into thefe parts, that this Province may feem from thence to have fufficient claimtothe Title of New France, whereof that part more efpecially fo call’d, lieson the Northefide of the River Canada,and Southward to Terra Corterealis. The Winter is here very long, and fo much the more fevere by reafon of acold North-Weft Wind which blows moft part of the Winter Seafon, and brings with it fo thick a Snow, that it continues upon the Ground: moft com- monly till after May. The Countrey is for the moft part wooddy, bur in the Champain parts thereof very fruitful of Corn, and all forts of Grain, efpecially Pulfe: Ic hath alfo Fifh, Fowl, wild Deer, Bears, Marterns, and Foxes in abun- dance, and of Hares fuch plenty, that one of the little Iflands belonging to this Pro- vince, isby the Frenchnam’d L’ Ifle des Lievres, or The Ifland of Hares : But the moft peculiar Commodity belonging to thisCountrey isthe Efargnuy, a kind of Shell- Fifth, extraordinary white, and approv’d of fingular vertue for the ftanching of Blood ; to which ptirpofe they make, Braceletsiof them, not onely for their own ufe, but alfo to vend thém to others, but John de Laet and others have obfery’d no other than a fuperftitious ufe of them amongft the Salvages, in their Funeral Rites for the Dead : the manner of theittakingit is very remarkable; for when any one is condemn’d to die, or taken Prifoner, they cut offall his flefhy parts in long flices, and then throw him into the River, where they let him lie twelve hours, andiat lat pulling him out again’ find his Wounds full of E/urguni. \ Quadus and Maginus make mention of three ancient Towns, namely Canada (denominated as the Pros vince, from-the River) Hlochelai and-Hochchelaga, giving Name to a Territory about it, which Geographers either takeno notice of, or make fome queftion of the be- ing of {uch Towns, however,a late Defcriber of the We/t-Indies, not mentioning the other two, gives this de{cription of the laft, viz. Hochchelaga : » This City(faith he)faidto bethe Seat and Refidence of a King of this Country “< whom the Natives, at leaft fome of them, acknowledge and reverence, carrying ‘chim fometimes in great pomp upon their Shoulders fitting upon a Carpet of « Beafts Skins, is fituate far within Land, at a diftance of fix or feven Leagues from « the River Canada, and isa kind of fortifi'd place,encompa{s'd about with a three- “ fold Range of Timber Ramparts one within another, of about two Rods high ““ from the Ground, with crofs Planks, or pieces of Timber jutting out, on purpofe ‘© to hinder an Enemy’s Scaling or getting up ; towards the top there is as it were a ‘¢ Scaffold or Gallery fram’d, from whence they may throw down Stones (of which ‘there is always good ftore ready, or what elfe to annoy the Affailants: It hath _ one onely Gate for Entrance, and that likewife well fortifi'd after their manner : “There are guefs'd to be in it fifty or fixty great Houfes, built (as the manerof the «* Americans that live in Houfes ufually is) in a {quare Figure, each fide being about “fifty Footlong, or more, and fixteen or twenty broad, but not many Stories “‘ high ; and inthe midft of the Court or void {pace, a place to make their Fire, ‘¢ and do other neceflary work about it. Moreover the Territory round about ‘¢ this Town is both rich in Soil, and pleafant in Profpect. | _ Befides thefe three above-mention’d Towns there are feveral others, which are not untaken notice of in the moft modern Deferiptions and Maps, viz, 1. Stadac, or Stadacone, fomewhat Weftward of a {mall Ifle call’d The Ifle @ Orleance > 2. Que- bequey which being made a Colony of the French, and the Natives expell’d, came to be Entituled Se. Croix; 3- Tadouffac,which lies inthat part of the Countrey denomi- — - nated from the River Saguenay, and by fome call’d at this day Nouvelle Bifcaye,a de- lightful place, and full of ftately Trees, and hath likewife a good and fafe Havens capable Chap. I. AMERICA. capable of receiving twenty Ships; 4. Trois Rivieris, or three Rivers; 5. Mon- yeal; 6, Sillery.; 7. Richeliew; befides two ftrong Caftles or Forts , Fravceroy and Sc. Lewis ; the Firft buile by Monfiewr Robeval at his Landing here, about the Year 1540. the other defign’d for a Colony , in the Year 1611. by Monfieur Champlany, but hinder’d by the Invafion of the Iroquois. The {maller Rivers that run out of the Gulph of St. Lawrence , and the grand River Canada towards the North, on which fide chiefly lies this Province, are, 1. Chichefedec, 2. St. Margarite, 3. Le/quemin, 4. Saquenay, before-mention’d, 5. Montoyne; and on the South fide, the River Mary. The principal Tribes of the ancient Natives of this Countrey were: on the North fide of Canada the Canadans, the Betifiamites, the Hurons, the Algoniquins, the Quenongebins, the Alooingequins, the Attagopantans, the Atticameques, the Nipifiriniens; and on the South fide, the Etechemins, and the chief Heads or Princes of thefe Tribes were call’d Sagamores. Jaques Quartier Complementing their King Agouthanna, took up his Quarters a whole Winter at St. Croix, a Sandy Promontory, overflow’d by the River Canada, into which falls the Lake de Champlain, grown round about with Cheftnut Trees : in it breeds the ftrange Fith call’d Chaoufarow, generally ten Foot long, with Heads like Sharks, and two rows of Teeth in their Mouths, their Skins full of ftrong - Scales, which are fufficient Shields againft Swords and Lances, are great devourers of other Fifh and Fowls, which they take after this manner, viz, they (wim a- mongft Reeds or Canes, and lie ftill with their Mouths open; whereat the Birds fitting down upon them, are immediately {wallow’d. The Natives of Nova Francia anoint their bodies with Oil, in the Summer they go naked, and in the Winter mantle them(felves in Furs. Their Warlike Accoutre- ments are Darts and Clubs, but chiefly great Shields. They are revengeful, cruel, and fraudulent ; their Women common to all Men, from fifteen to twenty, after which, Marrying, they become very Chafte. \Their Diet is Indian Corn, frefh and falt Fifh, Venifon, Buffalo's and Beavers flefh y wiping their Fingers (when greafie) on their Heads, or their Dogs backs, which wait for the Scraps. At that feafon when the Corn covers the grotind,to any heighth,they eat Cockles, Dogs, dead Caryon, and the Skins wherewith they Clothe themfelves.. When they have eaten their fill, they tabering on their Bellies, cry, Tapoue Mikisfpoun, that is, Ve- vily I am fatisfi'd. They give their Sick a fpeedy Cure, either immediately killing them, or inhumanely expofing them to the Woods, to be devour’d by ravenous _Beafts, but if they die fuddenly, they in howling tone pronounce Oye, Ove, thereby to chafe the Souls of the Deceas’d out of their Huts; they ftick the bodies on Woods den Prongs, cover them with Bark, and lay their Clothes and Arms by them, all what remains of the Funeral Feafts is burnt, whereas at other times, what e’re is brought on their Table they eat, though ready to burft. They make the firft Proofs of their Valour by undergoing 2 moft prodigious Torment, in this man- ner; Two by confent tie their naked Arms together, on which they fuffer burning Sulphur to be pour’d, till the flefh farts from the bone, if either of them fhrink, or pull back his Arm, he is accounted by them ever after as an ighominious and bafe Coward. They call God Atabocan, and.believe that one Meffou firft drowning the world by a general Deluge, reftor’d it again after a wonderful manner , viz. Meffox hunting with Wolves, they {cented a Deer which being clofely purfu’d, leap’d into a neighboring Pool, the Wolves following it, were drown’d, Me/fou coming thither, ftood amaz’d a: a Bird, which inform’d him, that the Wolves were pluck’d down, and held faft in the bottom by horrible Monfters, where upon he diving, the Pool immediately began to fwell, and at laf the whole fur- 7 | face Strange Fifh nam’d Chaow- faron, Strange proof of V2- lor. Wonderful ; opinion of God, Flood. . Sorecrers. They boaft their Extract from Heaven. Their ftrange Relation con- cerning it. As alfo of the Creation, and Souls of the Deceafed. Strange Rock, Thunder, Thakabeck an Idol, Funeral-Feaft, AMERICA. Chap. I. Pace of the Earth to be overflow’d. Meffon afterwards let a Raven flie to fetch a Clod of Earth, but in vain, for all che Land lay drown’d in Water; at laft a Rat diving tothe bottom, brought a lump of Earth, out of which Meffou reftor'd the World, fhot Arrows into Trees, which became fruitful Branches. Here alfo re- fide an innumerable many Sorcerers, call’d Pillotoa’s, which fometimes being pof- fefs’d with a Frenzy, fcourge themfelves in a terrible manner, infomuch that the - Blood runs down by their fides: Thefe People are held in great efteem, for they boaft themfelves to have their Original from Heaven upon this occafion, viz. Ataenfic, a certain great Queen or Goddefs, refiding above the Stars, had a fick Huf- band, who Dreamt that he fhould be reftor’d. to his former health fo foon as he could but tafte of the Fruits which grew ona Tree, whereby the Family of Hea- ven were keptalive, but that the Tree muft needs be cur down, which Ataenfic obeying, gave onely two blows, when the Tree, to her great amazement, fell out of Heaven down to the Earth , there being byithis means nothing more left to eat in Heaven: Ataenfic follow’d the fallen Tree, and being big with Child, bare a Daughter, which growing up to years, was Deliver’d of two Daughters, viz, Taovifcaron and Jouskeha; the eldeft of which flew the youngeft : By thefe Fables we may difcern their obfeure knowledge of Noah’s Flood, Bye’s Fall, and Cain’s Mur- der. No lefs ridiculous is that which they believe concerning the Creation, viz, That the Waters were inclos’d within aFrog, which fouskeha caufing to be cut open, all Streams and Rivers iffuing out, had their Original from thence: This done, Jouskeba open’d a Pit, out of which came all forts of Beafts; they afcribe a Bodily fhape tothe Soul, as alfo Immortality, but that they live together in a great Village towards the Weft ; from which removing fometimes, they knock at the Doors of their former Friends in the Night, and fow deferted Grounds : That the Journey towards the Village in which the Souls refide is very ftrange the Highs way thither beginning at a Rock aam’d Ecaregniendi, where they firft Paint their Faces, which done, they go to a Hut inhabited by an old Man, nam’d Ofotrach, who takes the Brains out of the Souls Head ; after which they walk to a broad Ris ver, which they crofs on anatrow Plank or Bridge, on which.a Dog encountring, forces them to leap into the Water, which carries them down to the foremention’d - Village. «They acknowledge one Oki for the Governor of the Sea, and feafons of the Year : They alfo Religioufly Worfhip the Rock Tfankchi Arafta, which they believe fome ages ago was once a Man, but afterward Transform’d into a Rock, in which a. Demon refides, who can make their Journies either fuccefsful or dan- gerous, wherefore they offer him Tobacco. Their opinion of Thunder is like- wife very ridiculous, for they fay that the Devil endeavoring to vomit a horrible Serpent, by {training to evacuate the fame, rents the Clouds, and occafions Thun- der. Laftly, They relate of a Dwarf call’d Thakabech, who climb’d on the top ofa Tree, which by his blowing thereon grew fo high, that it couch’d the Clouds, and Thakabech eafily ftept into them, where he found all forts of delight and plea- fure , but having a Sifter on Earth, defcended again along the Tree, and fetching his Sifter, conduéed her above the Stars; mean while, Thakabech going in the Night to fee if he had taken any thing in his "Net which he had pitch’d , foiind it full of Fire, and obferving the fame very narrowly, faw that he had taken the Sun, bur durft not approach the fame, by reafon of its great heat, but making a Moule, fent her to gnaw the Net in pieces, and fet the Sun at liberty. Every twelfth year they keep an extraordinary great Funeral-Feaft; for on the Setetime they flock from all parts to the appointed place, every one carrying thither the Bo- dies or Bones of their Deceas’d Friends, wrapt up in Clothes, and hang them ovet their Chap. I. AMERICA. their Meat, which they eat finging; fuch fond and Superftitious Conceits make u p the Religion of thefe poor deluded People. ; : Sac 7.7 Ve Accadia, or Nova Scotia. Ova Scotia, or New Scotland, formerly call’d Accadia, is commonly accounted N a part of New France, (viz, that part which lying on the South fide of the River Canada, and {hooting South-Eafterly into a bofom of the Sea, forms it felf into a Peninfula, between the Gulph of St. Lawrence, and the Bay Francoife) neverthelefs, becaufe of the different concernments of this part of the Countrey, in regard the right of claim to feveral places in this diftri&, moft efpecially of all No- va Francia befides, hath been long in difpute between Us and the French, it will be moft convenient to Treat of it apart; and becaufe the Series of Affairs, from its firft difcovery, till of late years, appears faithfully reprefented on the Englifh past, in a Remonftrance Addrefs’d to the King and Council by Sir Lewis Kirk, and his Brother fobn Kirk Efquire; it will not be amifs (onely adding fome few things up- on occafion) to follow exa&tly the Narration of Affairs, deliver’d in the faid Re- monftrance to this effect. iar ‘He whole Traé& or Space of Land in America, lying on either fide of the ee River Canada, which a long time fince were known by the Names of “ Nova Francia, and Nova Scotia, were at firft difcover’d and found out by the Enge “* lifh, in the time of; Henry the Seventh, King of England; which Expedition “ was firft undertaken at the Command and Charges of that King; afterwards « further’d and carry’d on by the favorable Afpect of Queen Elizabeth; fo that in “* procefs of time, for many years together, the {aid Tra of Ground, with abfo- “< lute Priviledge of free Commerce, fell under the Jurifdigtion and Power of the “ Crown of Bngland: Neither was it unto any other Chriftian Princes, or their Sub- *< jects more clearly known or difcover’d, untill about the year 1600. fome of the “¢ French underftanding the benefit arifing by Traffique in the River of St. Lawrence, *‘ having formerly feiz’d upon that Tract of Land, fituate on the North fide of “the faid Floud or River Canada, did afterwards, in Anno 1604. (under the (one “ duct of Peter de Gua, Lord of Monts, who in the year 1606. was follow'd by Monfieur “ de Pourtrincourt) Poffefs themfelves of L’ Accadie , lying on the South fide of “the faid River, naming the whole Nova Francia, challenging to themfelves for “‘ many years, at leaft de fatto, the Poffeffion thereof, with fole liberty of Com- “¢ merce there. | | “* 2. In Anno 1621. King James of England looking upon the Poffeffion gotten ** there by the French, as upon an Invafion, did by his Letters Patents Grant un “to Sir William Alexander a Scotchman (Created afterwards Earl of Sterling, by King *© Charles the Firft) L’ Accadie, by the Name of Nova Scotia; who in the year 1622, “ and 1623. after Sir Samuel Argal had driven out Biard and Mafle, and demolifhing their *¢ Fort, carry d them Prifoners to Virginia ; having obtain’d the Poffeffion thereof, ‘they Planted a Colony therein, and kept Pofleffion for about two years after, “* until fuch time, as upon the Marriage of his Majefty King Charles the Firft, with “ the Lady Henrietta Maria, the {aid L’ Accadie, or Nova Scotia, was by Order of the *< King of England return’d into the Pofleffion of the French. «¢ 3, Afterwards a War arifing between his Majefty King (harles the Firft, and | ¢ Lewis —_ ——. 133. AMERICA. Chap. I. ©¢ Lewisthe XII. Ammo 1627, and 1628. Sir David Kirk and his Brethren and Rela- “ tions of England, did by vertue of his Majeftie’s Commiffion, fend to Sea (at their “¢ oreat charge) firft three, afterwards nine Ships, with Warlike Preparations for “ recovering of the Poffeffion of the faid Lands, lying on either fide of the faid < River Canada,and to expel and ejeé& all the French Trading in thofe Parts, wherein ““ they had good Succefs ; and in Anno 1 ie did there feize upon about eighteen «of the French Ships, wherein were found a hundred thirty five Pieces of Ord-~ ‘nance, defign’d for relief of the Royal Fort in L’ Accadie, and Quebeck in Nova « Francia, under the Command of Monfieur de Rocmand, and Monfieur dela Tour, Fa- < ther of de la Tour, Governor of the faid Royal Fort, whom, together with the faid «© Ships and Guns, they brought into England ; and in the year 1628. they Poffefs’d ‘<< themfelves of the whole Region of Canada or Nova Francia, fituate on the North «« fide of the River, together with the Fort or Caftle of Quebeck, Sir Lewis Kirk bee «ing then conftituted Governor of the place, the French being then either expell’d ‘¢ or convey’d into England, and the Arms of the King of England being publickly ‘there erected, and every where plac’d; and before the year 1628. it was brought “to pafs by the faid Sir William Alexander, (affifted both by the advice and charge « of the faid Kirk) that in the parts of L’ Accadie, or Nova Scotia, on the South fide <¢ of the River Canada, the whole place, with the Forts thereon built, being by him “¢ fubdu’d, prefently came under the Power of the King of England, that Region “¢ on the South fide falling into the Pofleffion of the faid Sir William Alexander, and ‘¢ that on the North fide, into the Poffeffion of the Kirks. “ 4. On March 29. 1632. a Peace being concluded between King Charles the « Firft, and Lewis the XIII. it was amongft other things on the part of the King of «¢ England agreed, That all the Forts, as well in L’ Accadie as in Nova Francia, fhould « be reftor’d into the Poffeffion of the Subjects of the French King , which.was ex- cc aétly perform’d on the part of the Englifh, though to the great damage of the “¢ Kirks ; but onthe part of the French, although it was agreed, asin the fourth and « fifth Articles of Peace is fet down, (to which reference is had) yet nothing was « ever perform’d of their parts; fo that the Kirks did thereupon fuffer lofs, to the ¢¢ value of five thoufand Pounds Sterl. which were to be paid them by Monfieur de € Cane a Frenchemin, but remain unpaid to this day. | 5. Anno 1633. the King of England taking notice, that although the Forts and “ Caftles, according to the League, were deliver'd up into the Poffeffion of the <" . =, = >) - <, = ; hy — - SR OE ee ie a OT Se - -- <_— = = --F-E = = = a r. = bd - I —- e fe a 9 Sa = —_ == vw army by = + ye ~ = = _ — an -—- = - 4 ne AMERICA! Chap ¥ Ifles. 6. The Fort de la Heve. 7. The (ape of Sable. Within the, Southern Point Forchu, lies the Ifle Longu, which boafts of a Silver Mine. i The moft noted People of the ancient Inhabitants of Accadie were the Iroquois, ly- ing moft South-Wefterly upon the Sea Coaft, who us’d to drive a great Trade in Beavers and other Commodities. Wefterly before the River Chovacoet lies Bacchus I/le, full of Vineyards. Remarkable The Inhabitants thereof differ very much from other Salvages, for they fhave a all the Hair from the Crown of their Head, weat long Locks behind, pleited to- gether, and Quck full of Feathers, Paint their Faces black and red, go arm’d with Clubs, Bows, Pikes, and Arrows pointed with Fifh-bones: They Till cheir Ground very handfomly, and divide their Fields with Hedges ; they Plant To- bacco, Vines, Cabbages, Max, and divers Colour’d Beans; the ftalks of the Maiz ferve in ftead of Poles for their Beans to run up Upon. ) | Beyond Cape de Rocher lies the brave Harbor Beauport, which is fecur’d from all Winds by an Ifle which lies in the midft of it. The Countrey Manur’d in moft pla- ces, and Fruitful, feeds fLore of Men and Cattel. The Haven of Malabar is f{urrounded in a manner with little Huts, cover’d with Mats, which in the Middle of the Room have a hole for the Smoke to ‘go out at. The Southern fhore is Sandy, and very dangerous. | For the more full exemplification of what concerns this part of Nova Francia, we fhall conclude with an account of all Material Paffages relating to the French, from their own Narrations as followeth. | cpt He firft difcoverer of this Coaft was Jaques Quartier, (ent out Anno 1534. by the French King, Francis the Firft, in which Expedition he {pent five Months; and going from thence to St. Male, difcover’d the Inlet Lawrence, Terrenenf, and Natifcotec. The following year profecuting his Voyage, he Sail’d into the great River Canada, Pr Se andWinter’d near St.Croix,where he loft divers of his Men by the Scutvy,a Diftem- er till that time altogether unknown ,; and fuch was his condition, that none of his Men had efcap’d with life, had not the Inhabitants taught him to cure the fame with the Bark and Leaves of the Tree Annedda, with which many recovering, Quartier Weigh’d Anchor, and treacheroufly carry’d the King Donnatona with many of his Nobles, Prifoners to France, but moft of them dying, Quartier brought only a few of them back with him in his third Voyage, fix years after the firft, when ar- riving in the Haven St. (roix, he caft up a ftrong Fort, which he nam’d Charles- bourg Royal, where he ftaid a whole Winter. Joan de la Roque, whom the French King had made Governor of Quartier’s new-difcover’d Countries, Sailing thither with three Ships, met with Quartier’s Fleet near Terreneuf , from whence he was then going home, becaufe he {aw no hopes of fubduing the Salvages with fo {mall an aait/of a Force as he had brought with him from France. But de la Roque endeavoring to make a further difcovery of Canada, Sail’d up the River Saguenay, where {pending both time and Money, he was Commanded home by the French King, and the fruit lefs Expeditions lay dead till about 1604. | : Ofd atone, When Peter de Monts obtaining Letters Patents to Trade for Furs in the fore- ~ mention’d Countries, Sail’d with two Ships beyond Accadie, up St. Lawrence Bay, where he Landed on the Ifle St. Croix, where of ninety feven Men, with which he faid there 2 whole Winter, "he loft thirty five, but having frefh Supplies fent him from France, he remov'd to Port Royal, where leaving forty Men, he return’d home ; thefe forty being reduc’d to twenty three, and in great want, walking a- long the Sea-fhore in a defpairing condition, efpy'd a Ship coming up with full ; Sail, Chap. I. AMERICA. 317 Sail, which upon nearer approach, provd a French Veflel, of which Poutrincourt Of Peuria- was Commander, who receiving his wretched Countrey-men with great joy, took “" them with him to Port Royal, being fent thither on purpofe to fettle a Plantation in Accadie : Meanwhile the Letters Patent granted to Monts, being call’d in, the firft Planters in Port Royal were forc’d to defert the fame, and return home; and alfo Poutrincourt returning, came back again three years after to Port Royal, where find- ing the Houfes ftanding as he had left them, -he .Manur’d the Countrey all about, and endeavoring to Plant Chriftianity among. the: Natives, Chriften’d among others an Accadian Lord, who was above a hundred years old, all which Poutrincourt Sail- ing back to France,' related at the Court. The: fefuits being alfo inform’d thereof, obtain’d leave of the Queen to fend Rita See Peter Biard and Euemond Maffe thither, on pretence, that Henry the Fourth had him- Fifi {elf promis’d them the fame Priviledge in his Life time. Butthe Merchants at Diep, which‘were concern’d in the, new Plantations with Poutrincourt, oppofing the gos ing over of the forémention’d: Fe/uits, exprefs'd themfelyes very violent againft them,)iand laid to their charge the Blood of the late King, which they faid was yet reaking in Paris :: What affurance (alleadg’d they) had their Goods which were in the Cuftody of ‘Men inclinid to the Spaniards ?. Muff the Chriftian Religion be promulgated There are fo many Orders of Monks which may eafily produce two Men ; but if the Queen was refolv'd to fend Jeluits thither, they dejir’d reftauration of the Monies which they had dif- burs’d : To which Biard and Majffe harkening ,. .gather’d up the demanded Mo- nies, under pretence of being requir’d towards the Preaching of the Chriftian Relis gion amongft thele remote Heathens; by this means getting great Sums, they bought out the foremention’d Merchants, fo that the new Plantations fell half to the Je- fuits, who fetting Sail, and arriving at Port Royal, turn’d all things topfiturvy, and fo thwarted Poutrincourt in his defigns, that he was fore’d to complain to the French Court of the Je/uits oppreffion, whofe aim it was to get all things into their own Poffeffion; whereupon they Excommunicated Poutrincourt’s Son (who fery’d in his Father’s place at Court, and gain’d the Duke Guereheville in France to be of their Party, by promifing him, that he fhould fhare in the new Plantations for a contracted Sum of Money : After this they receiv’d all forts of Arms and Ammu- nition, with feveral Brafs Guns, of the then King Lewis the XIII. and other gifts Collected and gather’d out of their feveral Societies , for two new Acadian Apo- ftles.. Gilbert du Thet, a fubtile man of the fame Order, tranfported their Necef- {aries. | At this time all things going favorably with the Je/uits, they made themfelves . Matters of Port Royal, and began to raife a Fort on the River Pemtagovet ; but there their happy Proceedings were ftop'd, for Captain Argal beforeemention’d, Sailing thither in vindication of the Englifh, was encounter’d by dw Thet, (who firing the firft Gun on Argal, was by him taken off with Chain-fhot) and taking Biard and Maffe, carry’d them Prifoners to Virginia, and difmantled the Fort built at Port Roy- al, after which it was by King James given by Patent to Sir William Alexander, as hath been already related, together with what of moft remarkable hath happen’d fince. Q3 S-8-C a a ws ee ee - - — Whence de- nominated. Towns ard Cities not certainly known. SECT. Vi. ’ aN orumbeguas: YOrumbequa, lying between Nova Sctia Northward, and: New England: South- | ward, is fo uteerly not taken notice of by many asa diftingd Province, chat ic might feem to be fwallow’diupiand loft inthe two Countreys bes tween which itlies, or atleaftto beithought a partof Virginia or New England (for Virginia largely taken is faid to contain New England, Novum Belgiam, and Virginia, efpecially fo call’d) and that fo much the rather, becaule the ‘Be flabees, accounved by Sanfon d’ Abbeville an ancient People of New England, are written to have iliv'’d near the River Penobfcot, which is reckon’d to be the fame: with Pemtegovet, or (as fome will have it) Norumbegua; from which,or from.a:certain great City of tharName, the Country’ for fancy’s fake mult needs *be denominated ; buti fince mofty com monly we find it nam’diadd treated! of apart, iv will vot: beimproperto: follow that method, carryingthe Bounds of ‘New England\no farther Northwardtham che River Quinnebequt or Sagadahoc, and foiderermining the main part of this‘Counttey? to that {pace between the aforefaid River and Pemtevovet, excepting a frall Sou! therly. :portion upon the Banks‘of the River Chovacovet , fo that: ic appears chiefly fituate under the forty third Degree of Northern Latitude. 2 2 ue Few As fot the Towns or Cities of this Province, there! is! but avery nivcertain cack count to be given, forafimuch as the-pretended great City Norambegua,| fromowhence the Province fhould take its Appellation;-is not acknowledg'd' by any of che‘moft authentick: modern Writers, norin any late Voyage ot Difcoyery’ any ‘mention, made cithet of that or any other contiderable Town or City Dr. Hejl fuppos feth it tobe no other than Ageuncia, a poor liccle Village; thatileemsicompos'd ofa company of Hutts or Sheaves, cover’d with the Skins of Beafts, or the Batks of Trees. But the mot favourable cdtijeQure is, chat it'mighthaply be the Raines of an ancient Town, which the Natives call'd Arambeck, and had probably deferred it long before the arrival of the Ewropears in thole parts y however; it’ isafot very, probable that the Name of the Counvrey fhould be deriv’d from this City; if ever there were any fuch, or from the River, which appears to have béen. term’d> No~ rumbegua on purpofe to make way for this derivation, whereas Pomtegovet is the ans cient Appellation that properly belongs to it; nor hath any modern one been-ap- ply’dto it but that of Rio Grande, by Buno in his Comment upon Philip Claverivs) upon what ground is hard to tell, fince iv is obferv’d by Hleylin and others, to be neither large, nor otherwife much to be commended, being Navigable notabove twenty or thirty Miles, in refpect of its many great Cataracts and Fallsof Water)! an In- convenience with which many other Rivers of America are prejudic’d, and'rendred im paflable. | Lise TTS: Before and about the Mouth of this River, which is judg’d to be abouit eight or nine Miles broad, lie many fmall Tlands, or rather Hills, inviron’d with Water, the chiefeft of which is by the French call’d La Haute Ifles from the high and Moun- ‘ tainous.appearance of it to thofe that fee it from afar off at Sea. Theaforemention’d Buno, though he names, as belonging to Norumbega, thefe feveral places, VIR; Porto del Refugio, Porto Reale, Paradifo, Flora, and Angolema, from fome ob{cure French ceftimonies, without particularifing any Author, yet he after- wards confefles, that the Names given by the French, and thofe apply’d by*the Spa- niards, are fo various and difagreeing, and breed fuch a confufion, that no’ Charts or Defcriptions had concluded upon either. | As Chaps (i. AMER TOA As for thofe who will have Norumbega deriv’d from Norwegia, in refpedt of a Co. Jony brought. thither from Norwey,. if the Etymologie be! nota little too much forc’d, the, lavention. may pafs well enough till.a better be found out. ...Am this, Countrey the temperature of the Airisinot bad,..nor the Soil unfruicful, if it were well cultivated, chiefly towards the Rivers, and where it is not either oxergrown with Woods, or craggyiwith Hills/and mountainous Rocks: neither are the Woods unprofitable, forthey, afford good Timber, and all kind of neceflary and ufeful. Wood, efpecially Beeches, Fir-trees, Wallnut-trees, and other Nuts : The Plains are very pleafant, and yield good Pafturage, onély the Maritime Coafts are fo fhallow and full of Sands, that the Sailing near them is accounted fome- : 139 The tempe- rature and nature of irs Soil, what dangerous; and this may be imagin’d to:be the reafon that no Authors have yet met with.any Ports. or Havens tbelonging to this Countrey, which they have thought worthy their, notices Aer} “ LLLELY OYALREL DAES EY CECE COeIeee Beene eto: mini 2 itaaamM vbookr 0 OPERA! Prop “New. England. bn S Canada is by, fome.accounted a general Province, containing New France, A L’ Accadie, Norumbega, and other places, fo. under Virginia largely taken, are comprehended New England, New Netherlands, and Virginia properly fo call’d ; however, fince that part.which yulgarly goes underthe Name of Virginia and New England were.poflels’d; if not difcover’d , at féveral times, and their Plan> tations promoted and propagated upon feveral occafions, and by diftin& Interefts, and fince New England hath been look’d upon asa place confiderable enough’ for Perfons of very eminent quality to concern themfelves in ity we rather are induc’d to confider this Countrey.as a principal part, than as any way depending on, or being any Branch or Postion.of Virginias. } It lies between Norumbega, which it hath Northward,and New Netherlands South- ward, from forty one to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude, in the mid: of the temperate Zone,, and paralell co France. and-fome part of Italy in the Weftern Hemilphere, fo that..one would think it fhould enjoy the fame temperature of Air; but the contrary is found, for that part which borders upon the Sea is colder, partly by reafon that.the Sea-waves break the reflexion of the Sun-beams, partly by reafon of the abundance of Vapors, which mounting upward, abate the ardor of them ; but the more Inland patts of che Countrey are indifferently warm : Moreover it hath. been found by certain experience, that thofe Countreys: which look towards the Eaft, or Sun-rifing, are colder than thofe which lie towards the Weft, or Sun-fetting, and thofe that have the Evening Winds on them, warmer than thofe which have the Morning Winds, which being fo, it fhould follow, that the temperature of the Air in thofe Regions is peculiar to the Bodies of thofé of our Nation, who being accuftom’d to.a Climate fomewhat temperate, are neis ther able to endure extremity of Cold, nor immoderate Heat: Yet there are who affirm, that New England, though fituate in the midft of the remperate Zone, nevers thelefs feels both extremities of the two oppofite Zones, in the Summer the heat of the Horrid, and in the Winter the cold of the Frigid. © | As for the firft difcovery of this Countrey, it is not to be expected otherwife r than Situation of New Eng- land, Firft difes very, 14-0 Remarkable Voyage of Verrazanus, The fetling of Plantations, AMERICA. Chap. ID. than that of the difcovery of thofe other Countreys hitherto difcours’d of, that is to fay very uncertain ; but becaufe the French boaft of Foannes Verrazanus (whothough an Italian, was employ’d by the French King Francis the Firft) as the firft Difcoverer, not onely of Nova Francia, as hath been already intimated, buc alfo of this Couns trey and the adjoyning Coaft and Regions, we fhall not think it impertinent to give from their own Relations, a brief view of his Voyage, and afterwards a parti- cular Defcription of the Suglifh Plantations there, and of their Tranfactions, both one with another, and between them and the Nations. The Narration of Verra- zanus’s Voyage is as followeth : | “¢ (\N command of the French King Francis the Fitft, Jobn Verraxanus, Anno 1524. a fetting Sail Weftward from the Canary Ifles,difcover’d a low American Coatt, ‘in thirty four Degrees North Latitude, inhabited by naked People, which be- ‘< hind the fandy Hills facing the Sea, Manur’d many fruitful Plains. Then Sail- “ ing a hundred Leagues along the Shore Northerly, he view'd a Countrey full of ‘¢ Vines, which grew up amongft the Boughs of high Trees ; and Sailing upa “ pleafant River, Landed on the Ifland Clandia, full of woody Mountains : thence ‘che ftood for the main Continent ; where after having vifited a King, Clad in “ wrought Deer-skin, he Sail’d by a Bay, at whofe Mouth appear’da Rock in an ‘¢ Inlet, cwenty Leagues ; where appear’d five {mall Ifles, all of them exceeding ¢ fruitful. After this (being got a hundred and fifty Leagues to the Northward) ‘Che found very falvage People, whofe Heads appear’d through Bearsskins and ‘© Sea-Calves. Bythis time having Terreneuf on his Starboard, he return’d back to “© Diepe. Thus far Verrazanus made fome difcovery of the Coaft, which hath fince not onely been farther infpeéted by the Englifh , but alfo by them Planted and call’d _ New England. € | This Countrey, whether firft difcover’d by the faid Verrazanus, or together with the reft of largely-taken Virginia, by Sit Walter Raleigh, or, as fome fay, by Captain Gofnald, inthe Year 1602. was fo well known to the Englifh in the be- ginning of King James’s Reign here, that the ferling and carrying on of Plantations in this part of America, was vigoroufly promoted by many of the moft eminent Per- fons in England :. whereupon it was about the Year 1606. being the fourth Year of the faid King, granted by Patent to feveral Lords, Knights, Gentlemen and Mer- chants, under the denomination of The Plymouth (Company, both in favour of thofe generous Spirits, who ftudied and endeavor'd the good of the Publick by foreign . Plantations, and indulgence to thofe, who not well fatish’d with the Government of Church and State, and willingly tranfporting themfelves and Families thither, as to their Afjlum, could more conveniently be fpar’d than the berter affected part of the People: And although the Colonies at firft fent over fucceeded not accord- ing to expedtation, yet in a fhort time there Plantations were brought to very great perfection. Captain Weimouth, who had been employ’d there by the Lord Arundel of Warder, for the difcovery of the North-Weft Paflage, falling fhort of his Courfe, hapned into a River on the Coaft of America, call’d Pemmaquid ; from whence he brought five of the Natives for England, three of whofe Names were Mannida, Skettwarroes, and Tafquantum, and Landing at Plymouth, prefented them to Sir Ferdi- nando Gorges, whom he made ufe of as Inftruments for the farther advancement of thefe Plantations : they were all ofone Nation, but of feveral parts, and feveral Families ; he kept them with him three years, and obferving in them an inclination to vertuous Defigns, and Spirits above the Vulgar, he gain’d information from them Chap: I. AMERICA. them what great Rivers ran up into the Land, what Men of note were feated on them, what Power they were of, how Ally’d, what Enemies they had, and the like; and taking fome light from thence, fent away a Ship, furnifh’d with Men, and all kind of Neceflaries convenient for the Service intended, under the Com- mand of Captain Henry Chatoung, a Gentleman of a good Family, and very capable for Undertakings of this nature; and giving him fufficient Inftru€tions what to do, fent along with him two of the faid Natives for his better Condu@ and Die rection, ordering him by all means to keep the Northerly Gage as high as Cape Briton, till they had difcover’d the Main, and then to beat it up to the Southward as the Coaft tended, till they found by the Natives they were near the place to which they were affign’d. By that time they were about a hundred Leagues off the Ifland of Canara, the Captain fell fick of a Feavér, and the Winds being Wefterly, his Company fhap’d their Courfe for the Indies, and coming to St. John de Porto Rico, the Captain went afhore for the recovery of his Health, whilft the Company - took in Water, and fuch other Provifions as they had prefent need of, and {pent fome time-in Hunting, and other Recreations; after which fteering their intended Courfe, they were met with by the Spanifh Fleet that came from the Havana, taken Prifoners and carried into Spain, the Ship and Goods being confifcated, the Voyage overthrown, and the Natives loft. “Not long after the fetting out of Chaloung, Thomas Flaman was fent by Sir Fobn Popham, Lord Chief Juftice of England, towards the River of Sagadeboc, to the fuc- cour of Chaloung, if need were ; but not finding him, after he had {cowr’d the Coaft all about, he return’d back into England. ; Captain Prine was likewife fent from Briftol, who artiving happily in thofe Parts, brought back with him at his return the moft exa@ Difcovery of that Coaft that ever had been gain’d till then. A while after, at the Charge of the faid’Sir John Popham, a hundred Men were fent to fettle a Colony at Sagadehoc, under the Command of George Popham, Raleigh Gilbert, Mafter of the Ship, who feated themfelves in a Peninfula, at the Mouth of this River ; which attempting to difcover, they met with a Wood near to an Iflands: diftant from the Line about forty five Degrees, and fome odd Seconds, where they eafily went on Shore. In the Year 1608. the Commander of the Colony deceafing, and not long after him the Lord Chief Juftice, who had been the chief that had furnifh’d them with frefh Supplies, they return’d for England in thofe Ships that had been fent them with Succours: At which unexpedted return, the Patrons of the Defign were fo offended, that for a certain time they defifted from their Enter- prizes. Inthe mean while the French making ufe of this occafion, Planted Colo. nies in divers places, when Sir Samuel Argal from Virginia difturb’d their Defigns, and brought away Prifoners all he could lay hold on. | Suddenly after Captain Hobfon and divers others were fet out with very great Prepatations, and with them twoof the Natives which had been detain’d fot fome time in England, whom they thought to havé made ufe of, the better todraw the reft of the Natives totheir Commerce ; but becaufe a little before twenty four of them had been treacheroufly dealt with by one Hunt, they contracted from thence fo great an animofity towards the Englifh, that Captain Hob/on was con- - ftrain’d to return without effe@ing any thing. aau In the Year 1614. Captain fobn Smith being fent to Fifh for Whales, and {eek af- ter Mines of Gold and Silver, Landed upon the Ifland of Monabiggan, where he found fome ftore of Whales, but not fuch as thofe by whofe Oyl they ufe to make fo much profit. . cee | About 14t AMERICA, Chap. I. About the fametime (two of the Natives being recover’d, Expenow of Capawick, that had efcap’d from Captain Hobfon, and Affacumet of Pemmaguid, one of thofe that had beentaken Prifoners with (haloung) Captain Harly, with Neceffaries con- venient for fuch a Voyage, was difpatch’d away by Sit Ferdinando Gorges,the Earl of Southampton favouring the Defign, and furnifhing him with fome Land-Soldiers under the Command of Captain Hobfon, who not difcourag’d with his former ill Succefs, refolv’d upona fecond Adventure. | In the Year 1615. Sit Richard Hakings undertook a Voyage into thofe Parts by authority of the Council of the fecond Colony, but by reafon of the great Wars among the Natives, his Obfervations could not be fuch as might give any farther light than what had been already receiv'd. 7 Soon after which Captain Dormer coming for England from New-found-Land, and Landing at Plymouth, apply’d himfelf to the Governor, by whom he was difpatch’d away, with Direction to meet Captain Rocroft, fent away'a little before ; but Ro- croft being dead by that time Dormer could come after him to Virginia, where he heard he was, he returning to (apawick, was there fet upon by Erpenow, the fore- mention’d Salvage, and other, Indians that were Confpirators with him ; and within a fhort while after at Virginia, whither he went to be cur’d of the Wounds he rex ceiv’d in that Aflafination, he fell fick and died. : | About the Year 1623. Captain Robert Gorges, newly come out of*the | Venetian War, was employ’d by the Council of New Englands Affairs as the Lieutenant- General, to regulate the Abufes of divers Fifheremen and other Interlopers, who without Licenfe frequented thofe Coafts : for which Service he had affign’d to him all that part of the main Land fituate upon the North-Eaft fide of the Bay. of the Meffachafets. | 3 By thefe feveral Colonies fent fo thick one after another, both a full Difcovery ‘of the Countrey came to be made, anda large gap open’d to the free. poffeffion thereof ,. yet in regard of the many difappointments and misfortunes the feveral Companies fent over met with, and counting the vaft Charges their fetting forth coft the Undertakers, which would have been ftill increas’d by the need of conti- nu’d Supplies, in all probability New England would have been but thinly peopled to this day, had not a great Tide of People, poffefs’d with an averfion to the Church-Government of England, and fled into Holland for Liberty of Confcience, ea~ gerly, taken hold of this opportunity to make themfelves'Mafters of theit own Opinions, and of a Place where they might erect a Government fuitable theres unto: and though at firft there were fome Exceptions taken, as if this Countrey was to be made a Receptacle of Seétaries, and fuck as condemn’d the Ecclefiaftical Government of the Nation, infomuch that Sir Ferdinando Gorges, to whom they ap- ply’d themfelves, defiring him to mediate for them to the Council of New Englands Affairs, when they perceiv’d the Authority they had from the Virginia Company, could not warrant their abode there, had enough to do (notwithftanding his Apology, That thefe things hapned contrary to his expetkation) to wipe away the. jea- loufie which. was entertain’d of him, it being Order’d, that no more fhould be (ufs fer’d to pafs into New England, but fuch as fhould take the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy: yet at laft there was little notice taken who went, perhaps upon con- fideration , that the vaft refort of People thither would be of greater adyantage to the Plantations; than their different Opinions, at fo remote a diftance, could be pre judicial, fo long as they acknowledg’d. Obedience to the King and Civil Power : However, Sir Ferdinando, to clear himfelf the better, mov’d thofe Lords that were - the chief AGors in the Bufinefs, to refign their Grand Patent to the King, and pals particul ar t — — es —— - = “=< = a ial . ; | i i we ion : : ' ! 7 it | it ih Chap. I. AMERICA. particular Patents to themfelves of fuch part of the Countrey along the Sea-Coaft, : as might be fufficient for them : To this Motion there being a general Affent given by the Lords, and a Day appointed for the conclufion thereof, an A&t was made for the Refignation of the Patent, alloting to each Man their feveral Bounds. From the uttermoft parts began the Limits of the Lord Mongrave, and ended at Hudfon’s River. To the Eaftward of which River, for the {pace of fixty Miles in length, was plac’d the Duke of Richmond’s Affignment : Nextto him was fetled the Farl of Carlile: Next himthe Lord Edward Gorges: Next the Marquefs of Hamilton : Then Captain John Mafon: And laftly his own, which extended to the great River Sagadehoc, being fixty Miles, and fo up into the Main Landa hundred and twenty Miles, which he was pleas’d to call by the Name of The Province of Main. The Landing of the Englifh in Plymouth Plantation was very much facilitated by the great Mortality that hapned amongit the Indians about that time, amongft the Pecods, Narraganfets, Nianticks, Tarantines, Wippanaps, and thofe of Abargini, Agiffawang, and Pockanekie, their Powwows, or Doctors, feeing with amazement their Wigwams, or Streets, lie full of dead Bodies, andin vain expecting help from Squantam their good, or Abbamoch their bad God. Not long before, that blazing Comet, fo much talk’d of in Europe, apppear’d after Sun-fetting in their Horizon South-Weft for the {pace of thirty Sleeps, (for fo they reckon their Days). They Landed at firft with little or no refiftance, a handful of Men onely beingfent before to keep pofleffion for their Companions, who arriv’d eight days after ; when the Natives appearing with their Bowes and Arrows, let flie their long Shafts amongft them . whereupon one Captain Miles Standifh with his Fowling-piece fhot the ftouteft Sachem amongft the Indians, as he was reaching an Arrow from his Quiver ; which the reft feeing, fled into the Woods and Thickets. The fame Year the Merchant-Advenurers in England {ent forth ftore of Servants to provide againftthe Wants of that place; amongft: whom came over a mix’d Mule titude, who fetled themfelves in the Bofom of the Cape now call’d Gloucefter About the Year 1631. there fled to the Englifh at Water-town the Indians that dwelt thereabouts, for protection againft the Tarratines, a fort of cruel and falvage Canni- ~ bals, by whom near the Town of Saugujt, inthe very dead’ time of the Night, one Lieutenant Walker being ona fudden alarm’d, was fhot through his Coat and Buff Jacket with two Indian Arrows. That Night the Englifh ftood upon theit Guard, and the next Morning fent word to other parts; who gather’d together, and taking coun{el {how to quit themfelves of thefe Indians, agreed to difcharge their _ great Guns ; whole redoubled noife,ratling in the Rocks, ftruck terror into the Indi- ans, and caus’d them to betake themfelves to flight. The Autumn following, others of the Indians, who till then had held a good correfpondence with the Planters, be. gan to quarrel about the Bounds of their Land ; but a great Mortality, by the ra- ging of the Small-Pox, breaking out amongft them, put anend to that Contro- verfie: There died amongftthe reft one of the chief of the Sagamores of the Matta- chufets, call’d Sagamore Fobn, who before his Death had been inftru@ed in the Chri- ftian Faith, and took care that his two Sons fhould be nurtur’d therein. In the Year 1635, there artived feveral Ships with great plenty of Provifions, and many Perfons of good Quality, and amongft the reft: Sir Henry Vane. The fame Year the People of Cambridge, otherwife call’d New-town, hearing of a fertile place upon the River Caneético,remov'd thither,and ere@ted a new Corporati- _ on by the Name of Baneético, being encourag’d thereunto by the Lord Say ‘and the Lord Brooks,and planting a Forreft at the mouth of the River,call’d it Saybrook Forre/t. About the Year 1638. the Pequods, a ftout and Warlike Nation, lying to the : ~ South- 145 AMERICA. Chap. I. South-Welt of the Mattachufets, were dilcover’d upon their March within fome few Miles of Hartford : Their coming very much terrifi’d all that inhabited therea- bouts; but they took onely three Women and return’d; one of whom making a violent refiftance, bad her Brains beaten out ; the other two they carried away with them, without abufing their Perfons, as it was fuppos’d they would, for they efteem’d their own Shaws, being black, beyond our Women. Their chief Defign was to learn to make Gunpowder ; which feeing they could not effect, they look’d upon their Prize as nothing fo precious as they imagin’d. , A little after another Indian War threatning the Englifh, they refolv’d together to fend an Ambaflador to Cannonicus, chief Sachem of the Naraganfits, endeavofing to prevent him from confederating with the Pequods, who (as they had Intelligence) were about fending to him to joyn with them : Cannonicus being grown old, had re- fign’d the Government to his Nephew Mantinemo, a {tern Man, and of a cruel Na- ture. The Ambafladors arriving at his Court, which was about eighty Miles from Bofton, the Indian Prince aflembled his chief Councellors, and having Entertain’d | the Ambafladors Magnificently, and Feafted them Royally, gave them Audience in his State-houfe ; where the Sachem, to manifeft his greater State, lay along upon the Ground, with all his Nobility fitting about him, with their Legs doubled up, and their Knees touching their Chin: The Englifh Interpreter having made his Speech in the Name of the reft, both Cannonicus and the young King gave difcreet An{wers, fignifying their Refolutions to keep a fair Correfpondence with the Eng- lifh, and yet not to fall out with the Pequods : Who a little after making alfo their Addreffes to the fame King,hediflwaded them by many Reafons from making War with the Englifh, and.to deliver into their hands thofe Perfons that had murther’d any of them. The Pequods neverthelefs, though they feem’d inclinable to his Coun- fel, yet they acted as Enemies; for when the Bnglifh {ent a Company of Soldiers into their Countrey to treat with them about delivering up the Murtherers, they made-fhew. of willingnefs, but fpying their advantage, betook themfelves to their Heels, and whomfoever they took ftragling by furprife, they revil’d and in- fulted over in a moft cruel manner, vilifying the (briftian Religion, and uttering all the Blafphemies they could invent. Whereupon they rais‘d frefh Souldiers for the War, tothe number of fourfcore, out of the feveral Towns in the Mattachufets, and with fome Indian Guides came to their Fort, within which they had pitch’d their Wigwams, the Entrance being on two fides, with intricate Meanders toenter ; at which were plac’d Indian Bowe-men, who fhot the foremoft of the Englifh, yet they’ had little to boaft of in the end, for the Englifh rufhing in through the winding Ways, and placing themfelves round the Wigwams, made a very profperous Shot, by dire@ting the Muzzles of their Mufquets againft the Indians which lay fleeping onthe Ground: In the midft of which rouzing terror and confufion they were defeated with little ado, moft of them being either wounded, kill’d, or taken. The Englifh thus animated with the firft Vidtory, fend their Prifoners to the Pinnas ces, and profecute the War in Hand, marching againft the next Body of the Indians, which lay Encamp’d on a Hill about two Miles diftant, where they gave thema fecond Overthrow, flaying many more than in the firft Engagement ; the reft flying toa very thick inacceffible Swamp or Bog, were there befieg’d by the Englifh; and skulking up and down, as they faw their opportunity they would Shoot at them with their Arrows, and then fuddenly fall flat along in the Water; at laft the Eng. lifh finding out a Paflage into the Swamp, utterly defeated them, and put an end to the War with the lofs of few Mens Lives, and not many wounded, In the Year 1640. there came over a frefh Supply of People into New England, and ; finding Chap. H., AMERICA. finding no place to fettle in within any of the former erected Colonies, they res pair’d toa place call’d Long Iland, fever’d from the Continent of New- Haven, about fixty Miles off the Sea. The Year following the four Colonies, namely the Maffachu/ets, Plymouth, (% nettico,and New-Haven, taking into confideration the many Nations that were onall fides of them, as the French, Dutch, Jews, and native Indians ; asalfo how the three firft went to lay claim to Landsthey never had any right to, and the laft to be con- tinually quarrelling and contending, where they {aw any hopes of prevailing, by Commiflioners chofen from the re{peétive Colonies, concluded a firm Confede- ration to affift each other in all yuftand lawful’Wars ; upon which there came in certain Indian Sachems, as Pombam, Miantonemo, Soccanocoh, and Uncas, who not onely fubmitted to the English Government, but alfo, if occafion were, in matters of Controverfie fubmitted to their Arbitration : But the Conteft between Wianto. nemo and Uncas was too hot to be appeas’d, (though the English were not wanting to interpofe) unlefs by the Blood of one of them, as will appear by the Confequence : Uncas was a Prince of For, whofe Life Miantonemo, though a much more potent Prince, fought to take away by treachery, hiring a young Man of the Pequod Nae tion to murther him, as the following Story renders fufpected; for one dark Evening this Sachem pafling from one Wigwam to another, was Shot through the Arm with an Arrow ; but recovering the Palace, had the Arrow pull’d out, and his Arm cur’d: the young Manthat was fulpected being examin’d, how he came by that great fore of Wampompeage which was found about him, and being able to give no good account, it increas’d the fufpicion, and induc’d Uncas to complain to the English at a General Court held at Bofton: Whereupon the young Man was Examin’d in the prefence of Miantonemo, who came thither with his Attendants ; but the young Man tutor’d, as fuppos’d, by Miantonemo, pretended that Uncas had enjoyn’d him to feign chat he was: hit’d by Miantonemo to kill him » To which Tale of his little belief being given, it was concluded upon farther Examination of him in. private that he had done the Fad: neverthelefs they let him depart with Mianto- nemo, advifing him to fend him hometo Uncas ; but he in ftead of returning him cut off his Head, and forthwith gather’d an Army ofa thoufand Men to fight with Uncas ; who met him withhalfthe Men: the Battel being joyn’d, the Narraganfets; though the far greater multitude, were beaten by the Wawhiggins, through the Va- lour of Uncas their Prince; who perfected his Victory by poffefing himfelf of the \ Perfon of Miantonemo, whom, having put his Life-guard to flight, he carried away with him in triumph to the Town of Hartford, defiting to have the advice of the United Colonies what to do with his Prifoner : Whereupon the Commiffioners having had fufficient proof of Miantonemo’s treachery towards this Prince, advis’d Uncas to put him to death, but not to exercife that barbarous kind of cruelty which is ufual amongft them in thefe Cafes. The Sachem, upon this advice, not long after pretended to remove him to a fafer place, but by the Way caus’d him to be Execu- ted: His Subjeé&ts and Kindred were troubled at his Death, but the little Princes his Neighbors, over whom he had tyranniz’d, rather rejoyc’d. Inthe Year 1645. the Sons of old Canonaicus, their Father being dead, began to fall into hot Contentions with their Neighbors, and being forbidden by the United Colonies, they did not ftick to threaten Wars to the Englifh alfo. Whereupon the Commisfioners rais’d an Army of Horfe and Foot, and made Major General Edward Gibbons Commander in Chief over them. But the Indians hearing of this Preparation, fent fome of their chief Nobility to the Commiffioners of the United Colonies, who were aflembled at Bofton, to Treat about Peace; to which the ee. R Commil- 145 AMERICA. Chap. Il. Commiffioners agreed, upon condition they fhould pay a part of the Charges of the War; and that they fhould fend four of their Sons for Hoftages till che Sum was paid; and the Hoftages being fent back before the Wapom was all paid, the two Princes, Peficus and Mexanimo, upon the fending a Company of Armed, Men to des mand it, fent the remainder of the Money. | | tn the Year 1647. divers Perfons.of Quality ventur'd their Eftates upon an Iron _ Millwhich they began at Braintree, but it proficed the Owners littlerather wafting | their Stock, the price of Labor in matters of that nature, being double or treble to what it is im England. | . ; Thefe are the moft materiak Tranfadiions we find deliyer’d by any one which hapned from the firft difcovery till the Year before mention’d ; whathath hapned _ from that time to this, chiefly relates to the (everal Revolutions that. have.been in ~ England, and fhall be therefore taken notice of when we come to {peak ‘of the Go- vernment of thefe Plantations. | (i | 2 m4 . . * P . | ee Though there ate, who having remain’d fome time, and been concern’d in thofe jr modities of te A . this Cou Parts, afirm the Soil of New England.to be nothing fo fruitful as it is beliew’d and ih trey,together | | he yee ado. commonly deliver'd to be, yet we think it notimproper to give a brief account of 4 Mii Pius the Trees and other Plants; alfo the Beafts, Birds, Fifhes, and other Commodities which moft Writers will have to be the production of this Countrey, efpecially | fince we find'them compaétly fumm’d up by an unknown Writer in the Language | i of the Mufes. The recital of the Plants and Trees, which (excepting the Cedar, Pi : Saffafras, and Dyers Sumach) are all of the fame kind with thofe that grow in. Bu- rope, onely differing in nature, according as the Epithets of many of them declare, is as follows : | 4 | | | } | ‘ | tt Tees both in Hills and Plains in plenty be; >. \ The knotty Maple, pallid Birch, Hawthorns ; | Vi The long-liv’d Oak, and mournful Cyprefs Tree; \ The Horn-bound Tree, that to be cloven f corns ; i ih : Skie-towring Pines, and Chefauts coated rough 5 Which from the tender Vine oft takes bis Spoufe, Utah he The lafting Cedar, “with the Walnut tough, + Who twines embracing Arms about his ‘Boughs. | The Rozen-dropping Fir,for Maft inufe; (Sprewfe; Within this Indian Orchard Fruits be fome ; i) The Boat-men [eek for. Oars light, neat grown The ruddy (berry, and the jetty Plumb ; ait om The brittle Afh, the. everetrembling Alps 5. Snake-murthering Hazle, with fweet Saxafrage, by The brodd-[pread Elm, whofe Concave harbors Whofe Leaves in Beer allay hot Feavers rages ae The Water-{pungy Alder,good for nought, (Wafps; The Dyers Shumach, with more Trees there be, : : Small Eldern by the Indian Fletchers fought; That are both good to ufe, and rare to fee. a ~ .. = = ~~" — — ——— - eer a a SS s --|- Se a a 7 Beafis: The Beafts peculiar to this Countrey are the Moofe, the Rackoon, and the Mifs quafh , the two firlt Land-Animals, the laft Amphibious, which with others com- mon to them with us) are thus verfifi'd by the abovefaid Author + The Kingly Lyon, and the firongearm'd Bear; Left red-ey'd Ferrets, wily. Foxes fhould, The large. limb’d Moofes, with the tripping Deer ; Them undermine, if Ramper'd but with. Mold ; | Quill-darting Porcupines, that Rackoons be - : The grim-fac'd Ounce, and ray'nous bowling Wolf, (aftled ith? hollow of an aged Tree _ Whofe meagre Paunch [ucks like afwallowing Gulph; The skipping Squirrel, Rabbet, purblind Hare, Black glittering Otters, and rich Coated Beaver ; Immured in the felf-[ame Caftle are, ; The Civetefcented Mu[quash /melling ever. Of fuch of thefe as are altogether unknown to us, take thefe brief De(criptions. The of? The Beaft call’d a Moofe, is not much unlike red Deer, and isas big as an Ox, flow of Foot, Headed like a Buck, witha broad Beam, fome being two Yards | wide. | Chap. II. AMER IC A. wide in the Head, their fleth is as good as Beef, their Hides good for Clothing 147 if chefe were kept tame, and accuftom’d to the Yoke, they would be a great Com- modity : Firft, becaufe they are fo fruitful, bringing forth three at a time, being likewife very uberous : Secondly, becaufe they will live in Winter without any Fodder. ‘There are not many of thefe in the MajfJachu/ets Bay, but forty Miles to the North-Eaft there are great ftore of them. The Rackoone is a deep Furt’d Beaft, not much unlike a Bad like a’ Fox, as good Meat asa Lamb: Thefe Be afts. in the day time fleep in hollow Trees, in a Moon-fhine night they goto feed on Clams at a low Tide, by the Sea fide, where the Engli/h hunt them with their Dogs. The Mufquafh is much like a Beaver for th _ Male hath two Stones, which f{mell as {weet as ape, but nothing near fo big; the pe mf Musk, and being kill’d in Winter, never lofe their fweet {mell : ‘Thefe Skins are no bigger than a Coney-skin, yet are fold for five Shillings apiece , being fent for Tokens into England ; one good Skin will perfume a whole houfe full of Clothes, if it be right and good. The Birds both common and peculiar are thus recited. canna _ The Princely Eagle, and the [oaring Hawk, Whom in their unknown ways there’s none can chawk: Lhe Humbird for fome Queens rich Cage more fit, Than in the vacant Wilderne/s to ae The fwift-wingd Swallow Sweeping to and fro, As fwift as Ariow from Tartarian Bowe, When as Aurota’s Infant day new Springs, There th’ morning mountin ig Lark her {weet lays fings; The harmonious Thrufh, fwift Pigeon, Turtleedove, Who to her Mate doth ever conftant prove : The Turky-Phea/ant, Fleath-cock,Partridge rare, The Carrim-tearing Crow, and hurtful Stare, The long-bw'd Raven, th’ominous Screech-Ovwl, Who tellsjas old Wives Jy, difafters foul. The drowfie Madye that leaves her day-lov’d Neft, And loves to rove, when Day-birds be at reft : Th’ Eel-murthering Flearn, and greedy Cormorant, That near the Creeks in morifh Marfhes haunt. The bellowing Bittern, with the long-leg’d Crane, Prefaging Winters hard, and dearth of Grain. The Silver Swan that tunes her mournful breath, To fing the Dirge of her approaching death, The tattering Oldwives, and the cackling Geefe, The fearful Gull that fhuns the murthering Peece. The ftrong-wing’d Mallard, with the nimble Teal, And ill-{hape't Loon who bis har{h Notes doth Squeal. There Widgins, Sheldrakes and Humilitees , Snites, Doppers,Sea-Larks,in whole million flees. Of nefe the Humbird, Loon, and Humility are not to be pafs'd by without parti cular opfervation, _ Tht Hambird is one of the wonders of the Countrey, being no bigger than a ,,,.°™™ ee hath all the Dimenfions of a Bird, as Bill, and Wings with Quills, Spi- derelj le Legs, {mall Claws : for Colour, the is as glorious as the Rain-bow; as fhe flies, [he makes a little humming noife like a Humble-bee, wherefore fhe is call’d the Fumbird. 1€ Loon is an ill-fhap’d thing like a Cormorant, but that he can neither GONOL The Loom, flie, he maketh a noife fometimes like Sowgelders Horn. The Humilities or Sim- ,,7*##”"" lity, ar Sim- plicites (as we may rather call them) are of two forts, the biggeft being as large asa pliisy, grem Plover; the other as big as Birds we call Knots in England. Such is the fim- ot of the {mailer forts of thefe Birds, that one may drive them on a heap like fomany Sheep, and feeing a fit time fhoot them ; the living feeing the dead, fettle thmfelves on the fame place again, amongft which the Fowler difcharges again : _ Tiefe Birds.are tobe had upon Sandy Brakes, at the latter end of Summer before the Geefe come in. . No lefs Poetical a A of Fare is brought of the Fifh on the SeasCoafts, and inthe gimes. _Fivers of New England in thefe fubfequent Vertes, f R 2 The ger, having a Tail The Rackoon. ——. —s- — ————— ~~. —— ———— — — —- ==-- a = -_ — ee — AMERICA. Chap. IL. 14.8 The King of Waters, the Sea fhoulderingWhale, With Rainbow colours, Froftfifh and the Smelt, The fnuffing Grampys, with the Oily Seale, As good as ever Lady Guftus felt. The-ftorm prefaging Porpus, Herring-Fiog, The fpotted Lamprons, Eels, the Lamperies, . Line-fhearing Shark, the Catfifh, and Sea Dog, That (eck frefh Water-Brooks with Argus Eyes, The Scale-fenc'd Sturgeon, wry-mouth’d Hollibut, —‘Thefe watery V illagers, with thoufands more, The flounfing Salmon, Codfifh, Greedigut : Do pafs and repajs near the verdant Shore. Cole, Haddock Hage ,the Thornback,and the Scate, Kinds of Shell-fifh. Whofe flimy outfide makes him feld in date, The lufcious Lobjter, with the (rabfish raw, The ftately Baf’, old Neptune's fleeting Po/t, The brinish Oyfter, Mufcle, Pertwigge, That Tides it ont and in from Sea to Coaft. And Tortoife fought for by the Indian Sqaw, Conforting Elerrings, and the bonny Shad, Which to the Flats dance many a Winters Jigge, Big-belly’d Alewives, Mackrills richly clad To dive for Cocles, and to dig for Clams, _ The Seal, The Shark. The Hellibut. The Baffe, Aewiugs, _ tlamms ot Clamps. Whereby her laxie Husbands guts she crams. To {peak of the moft unufual of thefe forts of Fifh , Firft the Seal, which is call’d the Sea-Calf, his Skin is cood for divers ules, his Body being between Flefh and Fifh, it is not very delectable to the Palate, or congruent with the Stomack ; his Oil is very good to burn in Lamps, of which he affords a great deal. The Shark is a kind of Fifh as big as a Man, fome as big as'a Horfe, with three rows of Teeth within his Mouth, with which he {naps afunder the Fifhermans Lines, if he be not very circamf{pe&d: This Fifh will leap at a Manshand if ic be over board, and with his Teeth {nap off a Mans Leg or Hand if he be Swimming; thefe are often taken, being good for nothing but Manuring of Land. The Hollibut isnot much unlike a Pleace or Turbut, fome being two yards long, and one wide, 2 Foor thick; the plenty of better Fifth makes thefe of little efteem, except the Head and Finns, which Stew’d or Bak’d is very good ; thefe Hollibuts be little fet by while Baffe is in feafon. rok The Baffe is one of the beft Fifhes in the Countrey , and though Menare foon weary’d with other Fifh, yet are they never with Baffe, itis a delicate, fine, fat, faft Fifth, having a Eone in hi: Head which contains a Sawcerful of Marrow, fweet and good, pleafant to the Palate, and wholfom to the Stomack : Whenthere be great ftore of t'xm, we only eat the Heads, and Salt up the Bodies for Winter, which exceeds Ling or Haberdine : Of thefe Fifhes fome are three, and fone four Foot long, fome bigger, fome lefler ; at fome Tides a Man may catch a dbzen of twenty of thete in three hours; the way to catch them is with Hook ana Line: The Fifherman taking a great Cod:line, to which he fafteneth a piece of Lobfter, throws it into the Sea, the Fifh biting at ic, he pulls her cohim, and knoks het on the head with a Stick. Alewives are a kind of Fifh which is much like a Herring, which in the latir end of April come up to the frefh Rivers to Spawn, in fuch multitudes as is almet ine credible, preffing up in fuch fhallow Waters as will {carce permit them to Svim, having likewife fuch longing defire after the frefh Water Ponds, that no beaings with Poles, or forcive agitations by other devices, will caufe them to return t\ the’ Sea, till they have caft their Spawn. oa } Clamms ox Clamps, axe a Shell-fifh not much unlike a Cockle, they lie undér the Sand, and have every one of them a round hole to take Air, and receive \Wa- ter at. When the Tide ebbs and flows, a Man running over thefe Clamm banks will prefently be made all wet, by their {pouting of Water out of thofe fmall holé: Thefe Fifhes are in great plenty in molt places of the Countrey, which is a gret Commodity for the feeding of Swine, both in Winter and Summer ; for bein! onc Chap. II. AMER IC A. 14.9 once usd to thofe places, they will repair to them as duly every Ebb, as if they were driven to them by Keepers : In fome places of the Countrey there be Clamms as big as a Peny white Loaf, which are great Dainties amongft the Natives, and would be in great efteem amongft the English, were it not for better Fifth.” Other Commodities which this Countrey is faid to yield, are, in down-right Profe, Furrs, Flax, Linnen, Iron, Pitch, Mafts, Cables, and fome quantity of Am- ber ; fo that if what many Authors have confented to aflert concerning New Eng- land be nota meer Fiétion, what e’re hath been affirm’d of the unfruitfulnefs of the Country will demonftrably be found invalid. ei There are alfo to be found here fome hurtful Creatures, of which, that com. which is moft injurious to the Perfon and Life of a Man is the Rattle-Snake, which is generally a yard and’a half long, as thick in the middle as the {mall of a Mans Leg; fhe hatha yellow Belly, her Back being {potted with black, ruffer, yellow, and green colours, plac’d like Scales; at her Tail is a Rattle, with which fhe makes a noife when fhe is molefted, or when fhe feeth any approach near her, her Neck feems to be no thicker than a Mans Thumb, yet fhe can fwallow a Sguirril, having a great wide Mouth, with Teeth as fharp as Needles, wherewith fhe biteth {uch as tread upon her, her Poyfon lyeth in her Teeth, for fhe hath no Sting. -When any Man is bitten by any of thefe Creatures, the Poyfon fpreads fo fuddenly through the Veins, and fo runs to the Heart, that in one hour it caufeth Death, ‘unlefs he hath the Antidote to expel the Poyfon, which is a Root call’d Snake-weed, which muft be champ’d, the Spittle fwallow’d, and the Root apply’d to the Sore ; this is prefent Cure againft that which would be prefent death with- out it: This Weed is rank Poyfon, if it be taken by any man that is not bitten; whofoever is bitten by thefe Snakes, his flefh becomes as {potted as a Leopard, un- tilhe be perfectly cur’d. It isreported, that ifthe Party live that is bicten, che Snake will die, and ifthe Party die, the Snake will live. This is 2 moft Poyfonous and dangerous Animal, yet nothing fo bad as the report goes of it in England; for whereas it is faid to kill a Man with its breath, and that it can flie, there is no fuch matter, for it is naturally the moft fleepy and umnimble Creature that lives, never offering to leap or bite any Man, if it be not trodden on firft; and it is their defire in hot weather to lie in Paths, where the Sun may fhine on them, where they will fleep fo foundly, that I have known four Men ftride over one of them, and never awake it; five or fix Menhave been bitten by them, which by ufing of Snake-weed were all curd, never any yet lofing his life by them. Cows have been bitten, but being cut in divers places,and this Weed thruft into their flefh,were cut’d; A fmall Switch will eafily kill one of thefe Snakes. In many places of the Country there be none of them, as at Plymouth, New-town, Igowamme, Nahant, ec. In fome places they will live on one fide of the River, and {wimming but over the Water, as foon as they are come into the Woods, they turn up their yellow Bellies and die. Up into the Countrey, Weftward from the Plantations, is a high Hill,which is call'd Rattle Snake-Hill, where there are great ftore of thefe Poyfonous Creatures. , There are likewife troublefome Flies. Firft there is a wild Bee or Wafp, which commonly guards the Grape, building by Cobweb habitation amongft the Leaves: Secondly a great green Flie, not much unlike our Horfe-Flies in England; they will nipp fo fore, that they will fetch Blood either of Man ot Beaft, and are moft troublefome where moft Cattel are, which brings them from out of the Woods to the Houfes ; this Flic continues but for the Moneth of June. The third is Gurnipper, which is a {mall black Flie, no bigger than a Flea, her biting caufeth an itching upon the Hands or Face, which | - R 3 provoketh AMERICA. Chap. Il. provoketh fcratching, which is troublefome to fome; this Flie is bufie but in clofe Mornings os Evenings, and continues not above three Weeks ; the leaft Wind or heat expelsthem. The fourth is a Musketor, which is not unlike to our Gnats ip England; in places where there is no thick Woods or Swamps, there are none or ve- ry few. Inthe new Plantations they are troublefome for the firft year, but che Wood decaying they vanifh : Thefe Flies cannot endure Wind, heat or cold, fo that thefe are only troublefome in clofe thick Weather,and againft Rain, many that are bitten will fall a {cratching, whereupon their Faces and Hands {well. As touching the Nature of the ancient Inhabitants, they are to be confider’d ac- cording to their feveral Shires or Divifions ; thofe that inhabit to the Eaft-and North-Eaft bore the name of Churchers and Tarrenteens ; thefe in the Southern parts were call’d Pequods, and Narraganfets ; thofe Weftward, Conneétacuts and Mowhacks ; to the North-Weft, of whom were the Aberginians. The Mowhacks were ever accounted a cruel blondy People, which were wont to come down upon their poot Neighbors, with more than bruitifh Savagenefs, {poil- ing their Corn, burning their Houfes, flaying Men, ravifhing Women, yea very (anibals they were, fometimes eating on a Man one patt after another before his Face, and while yet living; infomuch, that the very Name of a Mowhack would {trike the Heart of a poor Aberginian dead, till they had the Engli/h on their fides to fuccor them ; for thefe inhumane Homicides confefs,that they dare not meddle with a white Fac’d Man, accompany'd with his hotemouth’d Weapon. Thefe Indians are a People of tall Stature , long grim Vifages , flender Wafted, and having exceeding great Arms and Thighs, wherein they fay their ftrength lieth ; which is fuch, that one of them hath been known to kill a Dog with a fil- lip of his Finger, and afterwards to have flead and fod him, and eat him to his Dins ner. They are fo hardy, that they can eat fuch things as would make other Indians fick to look upon ; being defticute of Fifh and Flefh, they fuffice Hunger and main- tain Nature with the ufe of Vegetatives; but that which they moft hunt after, is the fleth of Man: Their cuftom is, if they get a ftranger near their Habitations,not to Butcher him immediately, but keep him in as good plight as they can, feeding him with the beft Vidtuals they have. | Thefe Indians are more defperate in Wars than the other Indians, which proceeds not only from the Gercene(s of their Natures, bucalfo in that they know themfelves to be better Arm’d and Weapon’d ; all of them wearing Sea Horfe Skins and Barks of Trees, made by their Art as impenetrable, it is thought, as Steel, wearing Head- Pieces of the fame, under which they March fecurely and undantedly, running, and fiercely crying out, Hadree Hadree fuccomee fuccomee, We come we come to fuck your Blood not fearing the feather’d fhafts of the ftrong-arm’d Bow-men, but like unruly headftrong Stallions, beat them down with their right-hand Tamabawks, and left- hand Javelins, being all the Weapons which they ufe, counting Bowesa cowardly fight. Tamahawks are Staves of two Foot and a half long, with knobs at one end as round and big asa Foot-ball ; a Javelin is a fhort Spear, headed with fharp Sea- Horfe Teeth; one blow or thruft with thefe fharp Weapons, will not need a fecond to haften death from a Mowhacks arm. | The Tarrenteens faving that they eat not Mans flefh , are little lefs Salvage and cruel than thefe Cannibals . our Indians do fear them as their deadly Enemies, for fo many of them as they meet,they kill. Take thefe Indians in their own proper and nae tural difpofition, and they are reported to be wife , lofty-fpirited, conftant in friend{hip to one another, true in their promife, and more induftrious than many others. | The Chap. II. AMERICA The Pequants area ftately Warlike People, juft and equal in their dealings; not treacherous either to their Country-men, or Englifh, to whom ( except in time of War) they were not any ways uncivil. Their next Neighbors the Narraganfets, are the moft numerous People in thofe Parts, the moft rich alfo, and the moft induftrie ous; being the Store-houfe of all fuch kind of wild Merchandize as is amongft them. Thefe Men are the moft curious Minters of their Wampompeage and Mow- hakes, which they form out of the inmoft Wreaths of Periwinkle-fhells. The Nor- thern, Eaftern, and Weftern Indians fetch all their Coyn from thefe Southern Mint- Mafters. From hence they have moft of their curious Pendants and Bracelets,from hence they have their great Stone Pipes, which will hold’a quarter of an Ounce of Tobacco, which they make with Stéel Drills and other Inftruments; fuch is their Ingenuity and dexterity, that they can imitate the EnglifbMold fo accurately, that were it not for matter and colour, it were hard to diftinguifh them ; they make them of green, and fometimes of black Stone; they are much defir'd of our Englifh Tobacconifts, for their rarity, ftrength, handfomnefs, and coolnefs. Hence likewife our Indians had their Pots, wherein they us’d to feeth their Vidtuals before they knew the ufe of Brafs. Since the Englifh came, they have em ploy’d moft of their time in catching of Beavers, Otters, and Mufquashes, which they bring down into the Bay, returning back loaden with English Commodities, of which they make double profit, by felling them to more remote Indians, who are ignorant at what cheap rates they obtain them, in comparifon of what they make them pay, fo making their Neighbors ignorance their enrichment : They were never known to be defirous to take in hand any Martial Enterprize, or expofe themfelves to the uncertain events of War; wherefore the Pequants call them Womenslike Men, refting fecure under the conceit of their popularity,and feeking rather to grow rich by in- duftry, than famous by deeds of Chivalry. | ~Moft of thefe Northward Indians are between five and fix Foot high, ftraight Bo. dy’d, ftrongly compos'd, {mooth Skin’d, merry Countenanc’d, of Complexion more {warthy than the Spaniards, black Hair’d, high Foreheaded, black Ey’d, out. ‘Nos’d, broad Shoulder’d, brawny Arm’d, long and flender Handed, out Breafted, {mall Wafted, lank Belly’d, well Thigh’d, flac Kneed, with handfome grown Legs, and {mall Feet: In a word,take them when the Blood skips in their Veins,when the Flefh is on their Backs, and Marrow in their Bones, when they frolick in their an- tique Deportments and Indian Poftures, they are more amiable to behold (though onely in Adam’s Livery) than many a trim Gallant in the neweft Mode; and though their Houfes are but mean, their Lodging as homely, Commons {cant, their Drink Water, and Nature their beft Clothing, yet they ftill are healthful and lufty. Their {mooth Skins. proceed from the often anointing of their Bodies with the Oy of Fifhes, and the fat of Eagles, with the greafe of Rackoons, which they hold in Summer the beft Antidote to keep their Skin from bliftering with the {corching Sun ; it is their beft Armor againft the Musketoes, and the fureft abrafour of the hairy Excrement , and ftops the Pores of their Bodies againft the nipping Winters cold. Their black Hair is natural, yet is brought to a more Jetty colour by Oyl- ing, Dying, and daily dreffing ; fometimes they wear it very long, hanging down in a loofe difhevel'd Womanifh manner, otherwife ty’d up hard and fhort likea Horfe Tail, bound clofe with a Fillet, which they fay makes it grow the fafter , they are not a little Phantaftical in this particular, their Boys being not permit- ted to wear their Hair long till fixteen years of Age, and then they muft come to it by degrees ; fome being cut with a long foretop, a long lock on the Crown, one of each fide of his Head , the reft of his Hair being cut even with the Scalp; the young Si The nature of the Pequods and Narra- ganfers, The naturé and complexi< on of the A- berginians. AMERICA. Chap. II. young Men and Soldiers wear their Hair long on the one fide , the other being cut fhort likea Screw, other cuts they have as their Fancy leads them, which would torture the Wits of the moft exaét Barber to imitate. But though they are thus proud of the Hair of their Head, you cannot wooe them to wear it on their Chins, where it no fooner grows, but it is ftubb’d up by the roots, for they count it as an unufeful, cumberfome, and opprobrious excrement, infomuch as they call him an English Mans Baftard that hath but the appearance of a Beard. The Cloathing of the Indians is only a pair of Indian Breeches to cover their {ee cret Parts, which is but a piece of Cloth a yard anda halflong, but between their Groins, ty’d with a Snakes Skin about their middles, one end hanging down with a flap before, the other like a tail behind. In the Winter time, the more Aged of chem wear Leather Drawers, in form like Irish Troufes, faften’d under their Girdle with Buttons: They wear Shooes likewife of their own making, cut out of a Moofes Hide; many of them wear Skins about them, in form of an Irish Mantle, and of chefe fome are Bears Skins, Moofes Skins,and Beaver Skins few'd together others Ot- ter Skins,and Rackoon Skins; moft of them-in the Winter having his deep Furr’d Cat Skin, like a large Muff, which he fhifts to that Arm which lieth moft expos’d to the Wind. Alchough they are poor, yet is there in them the {parks of natural Pride, which appears in their longing defire after many kind of Ornaments, wear- ing Pendants in their Ears, in form of Birds, Beafts, and Fifhes, Carv’d out of Bone, Shells, and Stone, with long Bracelets of their curious wrought Wampompeage and Mowhackees, which they put about their Necks and Loins ; thefe they count a rare kind of Decking; many of the better fort bearing upon their Cheeks certain -Pourtraitures of Beafts, as Bears, Deers, Moofes, Wolves, exc. fome of Fowls, as of Eagles, Hawks, exc. which is not a fuperficial Painting, but a certain Incifion, or elfe a raifing of their Skin by a {mall fharp Inftrument, under which they convey a, certain kind of black unchangeable Ink, which makes the defir’d form apparent and permanent. Others have certain round Impreffions down the outfide of their Arms and Breafts, in form of Mullets or Spur-rowels, which they imprint by feare ing Irons: Whether thefe be Foils to illuftrate their unparallel’d Beauty (as they deem it) or. Arms to blazon their antique Gentility, cannot eafily be determin’d : But a Segamore with a Humbird in his Ear for a Pendant, a black Hawk on his Head for his Plume, Mowhackees for his Gold Chain, good ftore of Wampompeage begirt- ing his Loins, his Bowe in his Hand, his Quiver at his Back, with fix naked Indian Lacquies at his Heels for his Guard, thinks himfelf little Inferior to the great hams In Winter time they have all manner of Fowls and Beafts of the Land and Wa- ter, Pond-fith, with Cuthaires and other Roots, Indian Beans and Clamms ; in the Sum- met they haye all manner of Sea-fifh, with all forts of Berries. For the ordering of their Vidtuals, they Boil or Roaft them, having large Kettles which they Traded for with the French long fince, and do ftill buy of the Englifh as their need requires, before they had fubftantial Earthen Pots of their own making. Their Spits are no other than cloven Sticks, fharpen’d at one end to thruft into the ground, into thefe cloven Sticks they thruft the Flefh or Fifh they would have Roafted, behem- ming a round fire with a dozen of Spits ata time, turning them as they fee occafi- on. They feldom or never make Bread of their Indian Corn, but feethe it whole like Beans, eating three or four Corns with a mouthful of Fifth or Flefh, fome- times eating Meat firft,and Corns after, filling the Chinks with their Broth. In Sums mer, when their Corn is fpent,Sgouter{quashes is their beft Bread, a Fruit like a young Pumpion : But as all are fellows at Foot-ball, fo they all meet Friends at the Ket- a tle, hap. II. AMERICA, tle, faving their Wives, that Dance a Spanielslike attendance at their Backs for their Fragments. If their occafions caufe them to Travel, the beft of their ViGuals for theit Journey is Nocake, (as they call it) which is nothing but Jedian Corn parch’din the hot Afhes ; the Afhes being fifted from it, it is afterwards beaten to Powder, and put into a long Leathern Bag, trufs’d at their Back like a Knapfack, out of which they take thrice three Spoonfuls'a day, dividing it into three Meals, If it be Winter,and Snow be on the ground, they can eat when they pleafe, making ufe of Snow for their Drink ; in Summer, they muft ftay till they meet with a Spring or Brook; with this ftrange ~viaticum'they will travel four or five days to- gether. ‘They keep no Set-Meals, their Store being {pent, they champ on the Bit, till they meet with frefh Supplies, either from their own endeavors, or their Wives induftry, who trudge to the Clam-banks when all other means fail. Though they are fometimes {canted, yet arethey as freeas Emperors, both to their Countrey. men and English, be he ftranger, or near acquaintance ; «counting it a great difcour- tefic, not to eat of their high-conceited Delicates. Their hardinefs is much to be admir’d, no ordinary pains making them fo much as alter their countenance ; beat them, whip them, punch them, if they put on a refolution, they will not winch for it; whether it be their benumm’d infenfible. nefs of {mart, or their hardy refolutions, is hard to refolve; It might be a Perillus his Bull, or the Rack might force an out-cry from them, but a Turkish drubbing would not move them , the unexpected approach of a morta! Wound by a Bul- let, Arrow, or Sword, ftriking no more terror, nor caufing no more exclamation in them,than if it had been a fhot intothe body of a Tree; fuch Woundsas would be fudden death to an English Man, would be nothing to them; whether it be, that by their rare skill in the ufe of Vegetatives,or by Diabolical Charms,they cure them; neverthelefs, the very name and thoughts of death is fo hideous to them, or any thing that prefents it fo terrible, that a hundred of them will run from two or three arm’d with Guns, In the Night they need not to be feared, for they will not budge from their own Dwellings , for fear of their Abamacho (the- Devil) whom they much fear, {pecially in evil enterprizes, they will rather lie by an English fire than go a quarter of a Mile in the dark to their own Dwellings, but they are well freed from this Scareecrow fince the coming of the English, and lefs care for his de- lufions. Now for the matter of Government amongft them, it is the cuftom of their Kings to inherit, the Son always taking the Kingdom after his Fathers death. If there be no Son, then the Queen rules; if no Queen, the next to the Blood-Royal ; sted who comes in otherwife, is but counted an ufurping Intruder, if his fair carriage bear him not out the better, they will foon Unfcepter him. Some fay the chief Powahe is next in Dignity and Authority to the King,and when he dies, Marries the Squafachem,or Queen. The Kings have no Laws to Command by, nor have they any annual Revenues, yet commonly are they fo either fear’d or belov’d, that half their Subjedts eftate is at their Service, and their Perfons at his Command, by which Command he is better known than byany thing elfe; for though he hath no Kingly Robes to make him glorious in the view of his Subjeéts, nor daily Guards to fuccor his Perfon,nor Court-like attendance, nor fumptuous Palaces, yet do they yield all {ubmiffive fubjeétion to him, accounting him their Soveraign ; going at his Command, and coming at hisBeck, not fo much as expoftulating the canfe, though it be in mate ters thwarting their wills; he being accounted a difloyal Subjec that will nor ef- fe& what his Prince Commands: Whofoever isknown to Plot Treafon, or aed violent 153 Of their hardinefs. Of their Kings, Gee ' vernment, , and Subjeéts ODE lence, — PP Sats i, ay = — AMERICA. Chap. II. violent hands on his lawful King, is prefently Executed. Once a Year he takes his Progrels, accompanied with a dozen of his beft Subjeéts, to view his Countrey, to recreate himfelf, and eftablifh good Orders. When he enters into any of their Houfes, without any more Complement, he is defir’d to fic down on the Ground, (for they ufe neither Stools nor Cufhions) and after a little refpite all that are pre- fent come in, and fitdown by him, one of his. Seniors pronouncing an Oration gratulatory to his Majefty for love, and the many good things they enjoy undet his peaceful Government. A King of large Dominions hath his Vice-Roys, or in- ferior Kings under him, to agitate his State Affairs, and keep his Subjeéts in good Decorum. Other Officers there are, but how to diftinguifh them by Name is fome- thingdifficult. For their Laws, as their Vices come fhort of many other Nations, fo they have not fo many Laws, though they are not without fome, which they in- flict upon notorious Malefactors; as Traitors to their Prince, inhumane Murthe- rers,and, {ome fay,Adulterers : for Theft, as they have nothing to fteal worth the Life of a Man, thereforethey have no Lawto Execute for Trivials, a Subjeé& being more precious inthe Eye of his Prince, than, where Men are fo {carce, to be caft away upon fo fleight a matter. A Malefactor having deferv’d Death, and being apprehended, is brought before the King, and fome other of the wifeft Men, where they enquire out the original of the thing, after proceeding by aggravation of Cir- cumftances he is found Guilty, and Caft by the Jury of their ftri@ Inquifition, he is Condemn’d and Executed in the following manner: The Executioner comes in, who blind-folds the Party, fets him in the publick view, and Brains him with a Tamabauke, or Club; which done, his Friends bury him. Now to {peak fomething of their Marriages, the Kings and the Pow bows, or great Doctors, may have two or thtee Wives, but feldom nf it, Men of ordinary Rank having butone; which difproves the report, that they had eight or ten Wives apiece. When a Man hatha defire to Marry, he firft gets the good will of the Maid or Widow, after, the confent of her Friends for her part; and for himfelf, if he be at his own difpofing, and if the King will, the Match is made, her Dowry of Wampompeage paid, the Sagamore or King (whe for every Marriage hath a Fathom of Wampompeage, which is about the value of {even or eight fhillings) joyns their Hands, _ never to part till Death, unlefs fhe prove a Whore, for which they may put away their Wives. As it is natural toall Mortals to worfhip fomething, fo do thefe People, but ex- actly to defcribe to whom their Worfhip is chiefly bent, is very difficult: They acknowledge efpecially two, Ketan, fome fay Tantum, their good God, and Hobas mocco, fome fay Squantum, their evil God ; to Ketan they Sacrifice (as the ancient Heathens did to Ceres) after their Garners be full with a good Crop. They like- wife Invocate this God for fair Weather, for Rain in time of Drought, and for the recovery of their Sick; but if they do not hear them, then they verrifie the old Verfe, Flectere fi nequeo Superos Acheronta moyebo, their Powwows betaking themfelves to their. Exorcifmes and Necromantick Charms, by which they bring to pafs ftrange things, if we may believe the Indians, who report of one Piffacannaw, that he could make the Water burn, the Rocks move, the Trees dance, and metamorphofe himfelf into a flaming Man. In Winter, when there isno green Leaves to be got, he would out of the Afhes of an old Leaf, calcin’d and put into the Water, pro- duce a new green Leaf: And of a dead Snakes Skin, a living Snake, both to be feen, felt and heard.) The manner of their a@ion in their Conjuration is thus : The Parties that are fick or lame being brought before them, the Powwow fitting down, the reft of the Indians giving attentive audience to his Imprecations and In- Vocations, Chap. Il. ane AMER IC 2. vocations, and after the violent expreffion of many a hideous bellowing and groans ing he makes a ftop, and then all the Audicors with one voice uttera {hort Canto which done, the Powwow ftill proceeds in his Invocations, fometimes roaring like a Bear, other times groaning like a dying Horfe, foaming atthe Mouth like a cha- fed Boar; {miting on hisnaked Breft‘and Thighs with!fuch violence; 2s if he were mad : Thus will he continue fometimes half a day, {pending his Lungs, {weating out his Fat, and tormenting his Body in this diabolical Worfhip.: Sometimes the Devil, for requital of their Worfhip, recovers the Party, to nuzzle them up in their devillifh Réligion. But fiace the Englifh (apon whom, and in whofe prefence itis {aid the Powwows could never work their Witchcrafts), frequented thofe Parts, they daily fall from his Colours, relinquifhing their former Fopperi¢s, and ac- knowledge the Power of the Englijh-man’s God;as they call him. And itis reported _ of them, that at the very firftithey were fo tractable ta thei(hrifiian Religion, that they would fay King Fames was good, and his'God good; but their Tanto nought, though of their two Gods he was accounted the good ones’. | They ufe no other Weapons in War than Bowes and’Arrows; faving that their Captains have long Spears, on which, if they return Conquerors, they carry the Heads of their chief Enemies: that they flay in the Wars, ic being’ the Cuftom to cut offtheir Heads, Hands and Feet, to bear home to their Wives and Children, as true tokens of their renowned Victory. When they go to: their Wats, it is their Cuftom to paint their Faces with diverfity of Colours, fome being all black as Jet, fome red, fome half red and half black, fome black and white, others ff potted with divers kinds of Colours, being all difguis’d totheir Enemies, to make them more terrible to their Foes, putting on likewife their rich Jewels, Pendents,and Wampome peage, to put them in mind thar they Fightnot onely for their Children, Wives and Lives, but likewife for their Goods, Lands and Liberties. Being thus Arm’d with this Warlike Paint, the antique Watriors make towards their Enemies in a. difor- der’d manner, without any Soldier-like Marching, or Warlike Poftures, being deaf to any word of Command, ignorant of falling off oron, of doubling Ranksot Files, but let flietheir winged Shaft{men without either fear or wit: Their Artil- lery being {pent, he that hath no Arms to Fight, finds Legs to run away. | They have two forts of Games, one call’d Puim, the other Hubbub, not much un like Cards and Dice, being no other than Lottery. Puim is fifty or fixty {mall Bents of a Foot long, whichthey divide to the number of their Gamefters, fhuffling them firft between the Palmsof their Hands ; he that hath more than his Fellow, is fo $7 Of their Wars, —- Their Games and Sports of activity, much the forwarder in his Game: Many other Whimfies be in thisGame, which would be too long to commit to Paper. He that is 2 noted Gamefter hath a Hole in hisEar, wherein he carries his Puims in defance of his Antagonifts. Hubbub is five {mall Bones in a {mall fmooth Tray ; the Bones be like a Die, but fomething flatter, black on the one fide and white on the other, which they-place on the Ground, againft which violently thumping the Platter, the Bones mount, changing colours with the windy whisking of their Hands to and fro:, ‘which a@tion in that fport they much ufe, {miting themfelves on the Breaft and Thighs, crying out Hub, Hub, Hub; they may be heard play at thisGame a quarter.of a Mile off: The Bones being all black or white make adouble Game; if three of one colour, and two of another, then they afford but a fingle Game ; four ofa colour, and one differing, is noghing , fo long as the Man wins he keeps the Tray,: but if he loofe the next Man takes it. They are fo bewitch’d with thefetwo Games, that they will lofe fometimes all they have; Beaver, Moofesskins, Kettles, Wampompeage, Mo- whacks, Hatchets, Knives, all is confifcate by thefetwo Games. For their Sports of | action ©f their ELuntingsy AMERICA. Chap. It action they have commonly but three or four, as Football, Shooting, Running, and Swimming ; when they play Countrey againft Countrey, there are rich Goals, all behung with Wampompeage, Mowhacks, Beaver Skins, and black Orter Skins: Their Goalsare a Mile long plac’don the Sands, which are as even asa Board ; their Ball isno bigger than a Hand-ball, which fometimes they mount in the Air with their naked Feet, fometimesit is {way'd by the multitude, fometime alfo itis two days before they get a Goal, then they mark the Ground they win, and begin there the next day. Before they come to this Sport they paint them{elves, ‘even as when they go to War, in policy to prevent future mifchief, becaufe no man fhould know him that mov’d his patience, or accidentally hurt his Perfon, taking away the oce cafion of ftudying revenge. Before they begin, their Arms are put off, and hung upon fome neighboring Tree, after which they make a long ferow] on the Sand, over which they fhake Hands, and with loving Hearts {cufle for Vidtory.. While the Men Play, the Boys Pipe, andthe Women Dance and Sing Trophies of their Husbands Conquefts ; all: being done, a Feaft fummmons their departure. Such is their dexterity in Shooting, that they can hit a running Hind, or flying. Pigeon, without a ftanding paufe or left-ey’d blinking ; they draw their Arrows between their Fingers and the Thumb; their Bowes are quick, but not very ftrong, not killing at above fixor feven {core diftance + Shooting at one another,they have a trick with fwift conveyance to fhun the Arrow, this they do to make them expert againft time of War. They are train’d upto their Bowes even from their. Childhood , for little Boys with Bowes made of little Sticks, and Arrows made of great Bents; will hit down a piece of Tobacco-pipe every time a good way off. As thefe Indians are good Marks-men, -fo are they well experienc’d where the very Life of every Creature lieth, and know where to fmite him to make him die prefently. Their Swimming is not after our Englifh fathion, of -{pread Arms and Legs, which they hold too tirefom, but like Dogs, their Arms before them, cute ting through the Liquids with their right Shoulder: In this manner they will Swim very {wift and far, either in rough or fmooth Waters, fometimes for their eafelying as ftill as a Log ; fometimes they will play the Dive-doppers, and come up in unexpected places, For their Hunting, it is to be noted, that they have no {wift-footed Greyhounds to let flip at the fight of the Deer, no deep-mouth’d Hounds, or {centing Beagles, _to find out their defired Prey ; themfelves are all this, whoin that time of the year when the Deer comes down, having certain Hunting-houfes in fuch places where they know the Deer doth ufually frequent, in which they keep their Rendezvouz, their Snares, and all their Accoutrements for that Employment: when they get fight of a Deer, Moofe, or Bear, they ftudy how to get the Wind of him, and aps proaching within fhot, ftab their Mark quite through, if the Bones hinder not. The chiefthing they Hunt after is Deer, Moo/esand Bears: It grieves them more to fee an Englifheman take one Deer, than a thoufand Acres of Land. They “Hunt likewife after Wolves, wild Cats, Rackoons, Otters, Beavers, and Mu/quashes, Trading both their Skins and Flefh to the English. Befide this Artillery they have other devices to kill their Game, as fometimes Hedges, a Mile or two Miles long, being a Mile wide at one end, and made narrower and narrower by degrees, lea- ving onely a Gap of fix Foot long ; over againft which in the day-time they lie lurking, to fhoot the Deer which come through that narrow paflage ; fo many as come within the circumference of that Hedge, feldom return back to leap over, unlefs they be fore’d by the chafing of fome ravenous Wolf, or fight of fome acci- dental Paffenger: In the Night, at the Gap of this Hedge, they fet Deer-traps, : which Chap. TI. AMER IC A. which are Springes made of young Trees, and {mooth wrought Cords, fo firong, that it will rofs a Horfeif he be caught init. In the Trade of Fifhing they are very-expert, being experienc’d in the know- ledge of all Baits for feveral Fithes, and divers Seafons; being not ignorant likes wile of the removal of Fifhes, knowing when to Fith in Rivers, and when at Rocks, when in Bays, and when at Seas: Since the English came they are furnith’d with Fnglish Hooks and Lines; for before they made them of Hemp, being more curi- oully wrought,of ftronger Materials than ours, and hook’d with Bone-Hooks ; but lazinefs drivesthem to buy, more than profit or. commendations wins them to make of theirown. They make likewife very ftrong Sturgeon-nets, with which they catch Sturgeons of twelve, fourteen, and fixteen, and fome eighteen Foot long inthe day-time, and inthe night-time they betake themfelves to their Birchen Canoos, in which they carry a forty-fathom Line, witha fharp-bearded Dart faftned at the end thereof; then lighting a Torch made of Birchen Rinds, they wave it - to and again by their Canoo fide, which the Sturgeon much delighted with, comes to ‘them tumbling and playing, turning up his white Belly, into which they thruft their Lance, his Back being impenettable ; which done, they hale to the Shore their ‘ftrugling Prize, They have often récourfe into the Rocks whereupon the Sea beats, in warm Weather, to look out for fleepy Seals; whofe Oyl they much efteem, ufing it for divers things. In Summer they Fifh any where, but in Winter in the freth Water onely, and Ponds in frofty Weather they cut round Holes in the Ice, about which they will fic like fo many Apes with their naked Breeches upon the cold Ice, catching of Pikes, Pearches, Breams, and other forts of frefh-Water Fifh. _ Their Arts and Manufadtures are divers, as firft their drefling of all mannet of Skins, which they do by {craping and tubbing, afterwards painting them with antique Embroiderings in unchangeable Colours ; fometimes they take off the Hair, efpecially if it be not kill’d in feafon. Their Bowes they make of a handfom fhape, ftrung commonly with the Sinews of Moofes ; their Atrows of young Elder, feather’d with Feathers of Eagles Wings and Tails, headed with Brafs in fhape of a Heart or Triangle, faftned in a flendet piece of Wood fix ot eight Inches long; which is fram’d to put loofe in the pithy Elder, aftewards bound faft for riving : Their Arrows are made in this manner, becaufe it might fhake from his Head, and be left behind for their finding, andthe Pile onely res main to gaul the wounded Beaft. Their Cordage is fo evert, foft, and {mooth, thats it looks more. like Silk than Hemp. Their Sturgeon Nets are not deep, nor above _thitty or forty Foot long, which in ebbing low Waters they ftake faft to the Ground where they are fure the Sturgeon will come, never looking more at it till _ the next low Water. Their Canoos are made eith er of Pine-trees, which before they were acquainted with English Tools, they burn’d hollow, {craping them {mooth with Clam-fhells and Oyfter-fhells, cutting their out-fides with Stone Hatchets. Thefe Boats are not above a Foot anda half, or two Foot wide, and twenty Foot long. Their other Canoos be made of thin Birch Rinds, clofe Ribb’d, and on the in-fide with broad thin Hoops, like the Hoops of a Tub, thefe are made very light, a Man may carry one of thema Mile, being made purpofely to carry from River to River, and from Bay to Bay, to fhorten Land-paflages. In thefé cockling Fly-boats, wherein an Englisheman can fearce fit without a fearful tottering, they will venture to Sea, when an English Shallop dare not bear a Knot of Sail, {cudding over the over-grown Waves as falt as a wind-driven Ship, being driven by their Paddles, being much like Battle-doors ; if a crofs Wave (which is feldom) turn het Keel up-fide down, they by {wimming free her, and {cramble into her again. § Their 159 Of their Lan- guage. Of their Deaths, Bu- rials and Mourning. Difpofitions, Employ- ments, Ufage by their Hus- bands, Appa- rel, and Mo- defty of the Woines. AMERICA. Chap. Il. Their Language, is onely peculiar co themfelves, not inclining to any of rhe more refined Tongues. Some have thought they might be of the difperfed ews, becaufe fome of their words are near unto the Hebrew ; but by the fame rule they may conclude them to be fome of the gleanings of all Nations, becaufe they have words which found after the Greek, Latine, French, and other Tongues. Their Lan- suage is hard to learn, few of the English being able to {peak any of it, or capable of the right pronunciation, which is the chief grace of their Tongue : They pro- nounce much after the Diphthongs, excluding L and R, which in our English - Tongue they pronounce with as much difficulty, asmoft of the Dutch do T and H, calling a Lobfter.a Nobjtann. Every Countrey doth fomething differ in their Speech, even as our Northern People do from the Southern, and Weftern fromthem ; efpe- . cially the Tarrentine, whole Tongue runs fo much upon R, that they wharle much in pronunciation. When any Ships come near the Shore, they demand whether they are King Charles’s Torries, with fucha rumbling found, as if one were beating on an unbrac’d Drum. In ferious Difcourfe our Southern Indians ufefeldom any fhort - Colloquies, but {peak their minds at large, without any interjeted Difcourfes from any, the reft giving diligent audience to his utterance ; which done, fome or other returns him as long an Anfwer: They love not to {peak multa, fed multum ; feldom are their words and their deeds rangers. According to the matter of their difcourfe, fo are their acting Geftures in their Expreffions. 2 The Indians are of lufty and healthful Bodies, not experimentally knowing thofe Difeafes which are incident to other-Countreys, as Feavers, Pleurifies, Calentures, Agues, Confumptions, Convulfions, Apoplexies, Dropfies, Gouts, Pox, Meafles, or the like, but {pin out the thred of their Days toa fair length, numbering fixty, eighty, fome a hundred years : But,when any one lies a dying, the doleful cries, and throbbing fighs of the Friends and Relations, exprefs unfpeakable forrow ; and when the Party is dead and laid ia the Ground, they not onely weep and howl for a good {pace over the Grave, but alfo keep Annual Solemnities of Mourning, rubbing their Faces with black Lead all about the Eye-brows, and part of their Cheeks ; yet do they hold the Immortality of the Soul, in which their Indian Faith jumps much with the Turkish Alchoran, dreaming of a certain Paradife, or South- Welt Elyfinm, wherein they fhall everlaftingly abide, folacing themfelves in odori- ferous Gardens, fruitful Corn-fields, green Meadows, bathing their tawny Hides in ,the cool Streams of pleafant Rivers, and fheltering themfelves from Heat and Cold in the furmptuous Palaces fram’d by Nature, concluding, that neither care nor pain {hall moleft them, but that Natures bounty will adminifter all things with a vo- luntary contribution from the Store-houfe of their Elyfium ; at the Portal whereof, they fay, lies a great Dog, whole churlifh fnarlings deny admiffion to unworthy Intruders : wherefore ic is their cuftom to bury with them their Bowes and Arrows, - and good ftore of their Wampompeage and Mowhacks, the one to affrighe that affront. ing Cerberus, the other to purchafe more immenfe Prerogatives in their Paradife. For their Enemies and loofe Livers, whom they account unworthy of this imagi- nary Happinels, they fay that they pafs to the infernal Dwellings of Abamocho, to be tortur’d according tothe FiGtions of the ancient Heathen. | ‘The drudgery of all laborious forts of Work, and the management of all dome- ftick Affairs, lies wholly upon the Indian Women, who are made meer Slaves by their Husbands , they build the Houfes, fowe and reap the Corn, provide Lobfters for their Husbands to bait their Hooks when they go a Fifhing for Baffe or Cod ; and for thefe Lobfters they are many times fore’dto dive in the extreameft Wea- ther, then lug home a great weight of them upon their Backs, as alfo all che Fith which iz ' : | ; | Chapikk- AMERICA which their Husbands catch for pleafure, fromthe places where they were caught t They drefs all the Meat, ferve ir up totheir Husbands, and waiting till they have i539 fill’d their Bellies, are glad of their leavings.. In Summer they gather Flags, of . which they make Mats for Houfes, and Hemp and Rufhes, with Dying Stuff, of which they make curious Baskets, with intermixed Colours and Pourtraictures of antique Imagery. Thefe Baskets are of all'fizes froma Quart to a Quarter, in _which they carry their Luggage. In Winter they are their Husbands Caterers, trudging to the Clam-banks for their Belly-timber, and. their Porters to lug it home. They likewife few their Husbands Shoes, and weave Coats of Turky Feae thers, befides all their ordinary Houfhold drudgery which daily lies upon them, infomuch that a grea®Belly hinders no bufinefs, nor doth a Child-birth take much time, but the young Infant being greas’d and footed, wrappd in a Beavers Skin, bound with his Feet up to his Bum,upon a Board two Foot long and one Foot broad, and his Face expos’d to all nipping Weather,this little Pappoufetravels about with his bare-footed Mother to paddle in the Icy Clam-banks, after three or four days of Age have confirm’d her recovery. For their Carriage, itis very civil, Smiles being the greateft grace of their Mirth. Their Mufick is Lullabies in Rocking their Chil- dren, who generally are as quiet as if they had neither Spleen or Lungs. Their Voices are generally both {weet and well order’d, fo far as pure Nature teacheth them. Their Modefty drives them to wear more Clothes than the Men, having al- ways a Coat of Cloth or Skins, wrapp’d like a Blanket about their Loyns, reaching down to their Hams, which they never put off in Company. | i There are to be reckon‘d up forty five chief Towns, befides what others there may be of lefs note, built or made habitable by the Englifh fince their firft arrival in New: England, till about the Year 1650. i Firft, St, Georges Fort, where the firft Plantation was fetled, at the Mouth of the River Sagadehock, in a kind of Peninfula,-or half Ifand. The fecond, New Plymouth, feated no lefs commodioufly upon a large Bay, call’d by the Natives Pantuxed ; where they firft fetled that went over out of diffatisfa: ction to the Church-Government of England. The third, Salem, call’d by the Indians, Mahumbeak’. which ftands on the middle of a Neck of Land very pleafantly, having a South River on the one fide, anda North River on the other fide.. This Town feems to have been built in the Year 1628, by a part of that Company, who,being fent over by the Merchant-Adventurers, fetled themf{elves in this Cape. The fourth Mafhawmut, or Charles-town, fituate ona Neck of Land on the North- fide ofthe River Charles. The form of this Town, in the Frontifpiece of it, re- fembleth the Head, Neck, and Shoulders of a Man; through the right Shoulder whereof runs the Navigable River Miftick, which by its near approach to Charles ‘River in one place, makes the chief part of the Towna Peninfula : It confifts of a hundred and fifty Dwelling-houfes, many of them beautifi'd with pleafant Gar- dens and Orchards : Near the Water-fide is a large Market-place, forth of which iflue two fair Streets ; and in it ftandsa large and well built Church. Towns buile by the Englifp in New Eng- land, St. Georges Fort, New Ply- mouth, Salem, Coarles-town, The fifth, Matapan, ot Dorchefter, a Fronteer Town, ftanding over againft the Poste. Ifland near. the Sea-fide: It is water’d with two fmall Rivers, and is built in the form of a Serpent turning its Head Northward; it hath Orchards and Gardens full of Fruit-trees., | The fixth is Bofton, anciently Accomonticus, the Center and Metropolis of the reft, built in the form of a Heart, and fortif’d with two Hills on the Front-part thereof, the one having great ftore of Artillery mounted thereon, the other haying | oe a Boffon, 160 Rexbury, Lynne, Water-tows. ae Wet ens, Harverd Col ledge. ' Bpfwichs — Rewbury. Hartfi ord . Cencerd. AMERICA, Chap. If. a {trong Battery, built of whole Timber, and fill’d with Earth: At the Defcent of the Hill lies a large Cave or Bay, on which the chief part of this Town is built, over-topp'd with a third Hill, all three like over-topping Towers, keeping a cons fant Watch to forefee the approach of foreign Dangers. The chiefeft part of this City-like Town is crowded upon the Sea Banks, and wharf'd out with great Indus ftry and Coft, the Edifices large and beautiful, whofe continual enlargement pre- fageth fome fumptuous City. | The feventh, Roxbury, ficuated between Bofton and Dorchefters water’d with cool and pleafant Springs iffuing from the Rocky Hills, and with {mall Frefhets water- . ing the Valleys of this fertile Town : The form of it refemblech a Wedge double pointed, entring between the two above-mention’d Towns® and in the room of thofe Swamps, or tearing Bufhes which were there before, they have now goodly Fruit-trees, fruitful Fields and Gardens. Theeighth is Lynne, ot (according to the Indian Name, Sangus) fituated between Salem and Charles-town, near a River, whofe ftrong Frefhet at the end of Winter fills all her Banks, and with a violeat Torrent vents it felf into the Seas This Town is » almoft fquare, confifting many years ago of above ahundred Dwelling-houfes, ha- ving alfo an Iron Mill in conftant ufe: The Church being on level Land, undes fended from the North-Weft Wind, is made with Steps defcending into the Earth. The ninth is call’d Water-town, anciently Pig/; ‘guffet, firuated upon one of the Branches of (harles-River, water’d with many pleafant Springs and fmall Rivulets, running like Veins throughout her Body. This Town began by occafion of Sir Richard Saltingftall, who arriving with ftore of Cattel andServants, Winterd in th efe Parts. In the Year 1633. there was erected between Charles-town and Waterstown, a Place call’d New-town, and by the Indians, Amongcangen, fince nam’d Cambridge, being the tenth in order : Itis in form liké a Lift of Broad-cloth, reaching to the moft Sous therly part of Merrimeck River ; it hath comely and well order’d Streets, and two fair Colledges ; the firft call’d Harverd Colledge, from Mr. Job Harverd, who at his Death gave a thoufand Pounds to it; tothe other Mr. Jebn Harnes was the chief Be- nefaGor. This Town was appointed to be the Seat of the Government, but it continu’d not long. The eleventh call’d Ipfwich, or Sawacatuc by the Indians, is fituated on a fair and delightful River, ifluing forth from a very pleafant Pond, and afterwards breaking its Gourfe through a hideous Swamp of large extent ; it lies in the Sagamorefhip, ot Earldom of Aggawan, now by the Englifh call'd Effex. Dine); Twelve Miles from Jp/wich, near upon the Streams of Merrimeck River, is fituae ted the twelfth, call’d Newbury. | | The People of New-town, or Cambridge, upon their removal of the Plantation of Cancético, pafling up the River, built 2 Town, which they call’d Hartford, the thir- teenth in number, divers others coming in the room of thofe that departed from Cambridge. 3 | : . The fourteenth ,feated upon a fair frefh River( whofe Rivulets are fill’d with frefh Marth, and her Streams with Fith, it being a Branch of that large River of Merri- meck Allwives) is built in the Inland Countrey, and call’d Concord: It confifted at firft of above fifty Families: Their Buildings are for the moft part conveniently plac’d on one ftreight Stream under a Sunny Bank, in alow Level. The People that firft fet forth to build this Town, fuftain’d great hardfhip and mifery, by rea- fon of the uncouth Ways, and extremity of the Weather, it being the firft Inland Town that was built. | | 7 South- Chap. If. =e ME R, IC wf. 161 South-Eaft of CharlessRiver, upon the SeasCoaft, is fituated the fifteenth Town Hinshaw: Hingham ; the form whereof is fomewhat intricate to defcribe, by reafon of the Sea- wafting Crooks, where ic beats upon a moultring Shore; yet in fome places the Streets are compleat : It confifted at firft of about fixty Paiiilies. The fixteenth is in Plymouth Government, fituate u pon the Sea-Coaft, firft nam’d Dukesebury, afterwards Sandwich, | sli ! About the year 1617. anew Supply coming over into thefe Parts, and not find- ing in the Mattachufets Government any commodious place to fertle in, they after much fearch took upa place fomewhat more Southerly, near the Shales of (Capecod, where they found a commodious Harbor for Shipping, and a fit place to erecta. Town in, which they built in a fhort time, with very fair Houfes and compleat Dukesbury,ot Sandwich, Newhaven. Streets ; and fhortly after feveral others : Amongft which they ere@ted a new - Government, which from their firft Fronteer Town, being the feventeenth, was call’d Newhaven. The eighteenth is in'the Government of the Mattachufets, and call’d Dedham, being an Inland Town, fituate about ten Miles from Bofton in the County of Suffolk, well water’d with many pleafant Streams, and abounding with Gardens and Fruit- Trees: It confifted at firft of about a hundred Families, being generally given to Husbandry. sein | : The nineteenth being alfo in this Governmentis call’d Weymouth, batter’d on the Eaft with the Sea Waves; on the South-Weft Rocks and Swamps make it delight- ful to the Deer, as the ploughable Meadow-Lands to the Inhabitants. - About the Year 1638. Printing was brought over into New England. | About fix Miles from Jp/wich, North-Eaftward, was erected another Town call'd Rowly, being the twentieth. cone About the Year 1639. began the one and twentieth Town Hampton, in the County of Norfolk, to be built : It is fituate near the Sea-Coaft, not far from the River of Merrimeck : The great ftore of falt Marth did entice the People to. fet down their Habitations there. | if Not far from this Town of Elampton, was erected the two and twentieth, call’d Salisbury, feated upon the broad fwift Torrent of MerrimeckeRiver i ‘It lieth on the Northern fide, over againft the’-Town of Newbury, the River between them ‘being about halfa Mile broad, but hath an Ifland in the midft thereof, which makes ir. the more eafily paflable. The fituation of this Town is very, pleafant, the Skirts thereof abounding in fair and goodly Meadows, with good ftore of ftately Tim- ber in many places upon the Uplands.. a About the Year 1640. by afrefh Supply of Peoplechat fetled in Long-Ifland, was there erected the twenty third Town, call’d Southampton; by the Indians, Agawom. The fame Year alfo the Town of Sudbury, being the twenty fourth, began to be built in the Inland Countrey : Ic is furnifh’d with great ftore of frefh, Marsh, bue lying very low, it is much endammag’d with Land-floods. About this time there was built at Mount Wolleftone, by fome old Planters and cettain Farmers of the great Town of Bofton, a Town nam’d Braintree, being the twenty fifth, within the Mattachufets Government: It is well peopled, and hath great ftore of Land in Tillage. z : In the Year 1641. Mr. Richard Blindman coming from Green Harbour; a Place in Plymouth Patent, with fome few People of his acquaintance, fetled in Cape Anne; where they built the twenty fixth Town, and nam’d.it Gloucefter. - There is alfo fituate upon Pufcataque River, tothe North-Eaft of Bo/fon, a Town. call’d Dover, being the twenty feventh, the People by voluntary refignation being _ under the Mattachufets Government. Sj In Dedham} Weymouth, Rowiy. Hampton, Salisbury. Long-Ifland, Southampton, Sudbary, Braintree, 4 Gloucefter: Dew. pte aa ee -- apt > ¥ ie | . | ye = - - a — — — a a ee Denham, Springs pila. . Haverbill. Malden, The prefent ftate of the Nativess Chaurch- Government among the Englifh, AMERICA. Chap. I. In the Year 1642. was ereéted the eight and twentieth Town, call’d Woeburn. In the Year 164.4. Reading the nine and twentieth Town was built, being in the Government of the Mattachufets ; it is well water’d and fituated about a great Pond, having two Mills, a Saw-Mill, anda ‘Corn-Mill, which ftand upon two feveral Streams. A little after was built the thirtieth Town in this Colony, call’d Wenham, firuate between Salem and Ip/wich ; it is very well water’d, as moft Inland Towns are, and the People live altogether on Husbandry. About the Year 1645. one Mr. ‘Pinchin, having out of defire to improve his Eftate by ‘Trading with the Indians, fetled himfelfin a place very remote from any of the Towns of the Mattachufets Colony, yet under their Government, and great ftore of People ftill reforting to him, they at laft erected a Town upen the River Caneético, calking it Spring-field, being the one and thirtieth Town ; it is very fitly feated for a Beaver Trade with the Indians, in regard it is fituate upon this large Navigable River, and upon fome Rivulets of the fame. In the Year 1648. was founded the Town of Haverhill, being the two and thir- tieth,about a Mile or two from the place where the River of Merrimeck receives in- to it felf the River Shawshin, which is-one of her three chief Heads. Not long after, the Town of Malden, being the three and thirtieth Town, was built by certain People that came out of CharleseTown; thefe two Towns being {e- ver'd the one fromthe other by the large River of Mi/tick. The reft we fhall onely name, as 34. Berwick, alias Chawan. 35 Oxford, alias Sazo- quas. Falmouth, alias Totam. 36. Briftol. 37. Hull, alias Paffataquack. 38. Dartmouth, alias: Bobanna. 39. Norwich, alias Segocket. 40. Taunton, alias (ohannet. 41. Greense Hlarbour.. 42. Yarmouth. 43. Northam, alias Pa/cataqua. 44. Exeter. 45. Weymouth. The chief Rivers of New England are, Pafcataway, Sagadahoc, Pemmagquid, Azamentico, Merrimeck , Tachobacco, Miftick, Narraganfet, Mifhumin, Conneétacut , Newichwavoch, K ynebequy. | | | The Indian Natives are now become fo weak in number, and in fome meafure reduc’d to a dread of the growth of the Englifh, that of late years they have not practis'd any thing againft them, or at leaft, not juftifrd them by numbers ia. open Hoftility, willing rather to: purchafe theit Peace and buy off Injuries comr mitted by them at the Price of their Lands and Poffeffions. " And alrhough-care'and expence hath been many years apply’d to the Converfi- on of Indians to the Faith, however inclinable they feem’d at firft to the imbracing. thereof, not then fo well difcerning the infincerity of its Profeffors; yet there are fo few of late who-do imbrace it or perfevere in it (wanting a good Foundation for -inftruétion.in Moral: Honefty, and perhaps the example of it in thofe that undertake to inftruéthem in Religion ; ) that’Chriftianity to them feems a Chimera, Religion a, defign: to draw them from the libidinous Pleafures of alazy Life, however, fome. there are who make Profeffion of Chriftianity, and fome who are educated inthe Schools-of New Cambridge; to.entitle them to Preach the Gofpel’ in their own Lan- guage. | | One great hindrance to the Propagation of the Faith amongft thofe. Heathens, is the diverfity of their Languages , for it is commonly known, that the Natives’ themfelves.do not underfland’one another, if their Habitations are but at forty. Miles. diftance. | Their Church-Government and Difcipline is Congregational and Independent, yet in fome places more rigid than others, forimmany Towns there yet remains fome leaven of Presbytery, from which Seéts our Independency had its Original ; info- | rauch Chap. II. AMERICA. much, that one of the moft remarkable Oppofers of Epifeopal Government, Door Baftwick (who, {poil’d fo much Paper in railing at the Churcli Government of England, and crying up Liberty of Confcience) finding the Apoftacy of his own Bre- thren of Bo/fon from their firft Principles, and his,generally prevail over them, even to the denying that liberty to others, which they feem’d only to aim at, did write a large and vehement Debortatory Epi/tle to them from their New Lights or Paths, fays ing, That according to their prefent Tenents, they could not pretend to be better, or other than a Chriftian Synagogue. ; Their Laws and Methods of Government are wholly of their own framing, each Colony for themfelves, makes'an Annual choice of Governor, Deputy Go- vernor, and a certain number of Affiftants, by the plurality of Suffrages collected from their feveral Towns, the Eledors are only Free-men and Church-Members, for he that is nota Member of their Church, can neither chufe, nor be chofen a Magiftrate, nor have his Children Baptiz'd ; befides the lofs of many other Pris viledges,and liable moreover to frequent, if not conftant Muléts for abfenting them- felves from Divine Worfhip (fo call’d) in their Meeting-houfes, Since the tranfmitting of the Patent in New England, the Election is not by Voi« e¢s, nor erection of Hands as formerly, but by Papers, thus: The general Court-electory fitting, where are prefent inthe Church 3 or Meet- ing-houfe at Bofton, the old Governor, Deputy, and all the Magiftrates, and two Deputies or Burgeffes for every Town’, or at leaft one ; all the Freemen are bid to come in at one Door, and bring their Votes in Paper for the new Governor, and deliver them down upon the Table, before the Court, and fo pafs forth at another Door; thofe that are abfent, fend their Votes by Proxies. All being de- liver’d in, the Votes are counted, and according to the major part, the old Gover- nor pronounceth, That fuch an one is chofen. Governor for' the year enfuing. Then the Freemen, in like manner, bring their. Votes for the Deputy Governor, who being alfo chofen, the Governor propoundeth the Affiftants one after another. New Affiftants are, of late, put in nomination, by an Order of general Court, befores hand tobe confider’d of : If a Freeman give in a Blank, that rejects the Man nam‘d ; if the Freeman makes any mark with a Pen upon the Paper which he. brings, that elects the Man nam’d: Then the Blanks and mark’d Papers arenum- ber’d,. and according to the major part of ¢ither, the Man in Nomination ftands clected or rejected » and fo forall the Afiftants. Ard after every new Eleétion, whichis, by their Paeiit, to be tpon'the laft Wednefday in Eafter Term, the new Governorand Officers are all new Sworn. The Governot and Afiftants chufe the Secretary. Aind all che Court confifting of Governor, Deputy, Affiftants, and De- puties of Towns, give their Votes as well as the reft; and the Minifters and El- ders, and all Church- Officers, have their Votes alfo in all thefe Ele@ions of chief Magiftrates : Conftables, and all other inferior Officers, ate {worn in the general, quarter, or other Courts, or before any Affiftant. : Every Freee-man when he is admitted, takes a ftrig& Oath, to be true to the Sos ciety or Jurifdiction: | There atetwo general Courts, one every half year, wherein th ey make Laws or Ordinances: The Minifters advile in making of Laws, e{pecially Ecclefiaftical,and are prefent in'Courts; andadvife in fome {pecial Caufes Criminal, and in framing of Fundamental Laws. Lo There are befides four Quarter-Courts for the whole Jurildidion, befides other petty Courts, oneevery quarter at Bojton, Salem, and Ipfwich, with their feveral Ju tifdiGions; befides.every Town, almoft, hath a petty Court for {mall Debts and Trefpafles, under twenty Shillings. In 163 Their Civil Government and Laws. — ee _— oo a = = = ~ ——— - = ~ ~~ - = — EDT © —~— - Oe et ee Ee a we <_—_—o- ~ ~— - > og emer, - > ~~ —— ar - a = > ee aa RSE oe ee ee a ae oe se + == | iI ak ts FY | " a 16 4. Adtions and Caules, Grand- Juries. Trials. Proceedings of the Afatta- shufers againft his Majetties Commiffio- ners, AMERICA, Chap. II. In the general Court, or great quarter Courts, before the Civil Magiftrates, ate try’d all Actions and Caufes Civil and Criminal, and alfo Ecclefiaftical, efpecially touching Nonemembers:, And they themfelves fay, that in the general and quarter Courts, they have the Power of Parliament, Kings-Bench, Common-Pleas, Chan- cery, High-Commiffion, and Star-Chamber, and all other Courts of England, and in divers Cafes have exercis'd that Power upon the Kings Subjeéts there, as is not difficult to prove. They have put to death, banifh’d, fin’d Men, cut off Mens Ears, whip’d, imprifon’d Men, and all thefe for Ecclefiaftical and Civil Offences, and without fufficient Record, In che leffer quarrer Courts are try’d, in fome, Adti- ons under ten Pounds, in Bo/ton, under twenty, and all Criminal Caufes not touch- ing-Lifeor Member. From the petty quarter Courts, or other Courcs,the parties may appeal to the great quarter Courts, from thence to the general Court, from which there is no Repeal. | : Twice a year, in the faid quarter Courts held before the general Courts, aretwo Grand-Juries {worn for the Jurifdiction, one for one Court, and the other for the other; and they are charg’d co enquire and Prefent Offences reduc’d by the Gover- nor who gives the Charge, Matters of Debt, Trefpafs, and upon the Cafe, and Equiry, yea and of Herefie alfo, are try’d by a Jury. | . The Parties are warn’d to challenge any Jury-man before he be fworn; but be- caufe there is but one Jury in a Court for trial of Caufes; and all Parties not pre- fent at their Swearing, the liberty of challenge is much hinder’d, and fome incon- veniences do happen thereby. Jurors are return’d by the Marfhal, he was at firft call’d The Beadle of the Society. | The Parties in all;Caufes, {peak themfelves for the moft part, and fome of the Magiltrates where they think caufe requireth, do the part of Advocates without Fee or Reward. — ‘ah Though among the feveral Colonies which were founded here by the conflu- ence of diffenting Zealots, this Government is exercis‘d, differing from that of the Church and State of England ; yet in thofe Provinces which are,granted by parti- cular Perfons, the Government is much more conformable to that of England ; but as the Mattachufets or Bo/toners were from the beginning the moft Potent and Predo- minant of all the reft of the Colonies, (infomuch, that Bo/fon may well be accouns ted the Metropolis of all New England,) fo of late years they have ftill ufurp’d more and more Power and Authority over the reft; and efpecially have not ftuck to give: Laws tothe forefaid Provinces allotted to particular Perfons,and have gone about: wholly to fubjugate thofe places to thentlelves, intrenching upon the rights of the true Proprietors ; and that, even contrary to the Kings expre{s Commands by his" Officers, there, and as it were in open defiance of his Majefty and Government, as is evident from this following Narration, of their behavior upon a bufinels of this nature. ; N the Year of our Lord 1665. his Majefties Commiffioners for the Affairs of. New England, being in the Province of Mayne, the People being much unfetled in Point of Government , by reafon the Mattachufets. Colony, or Bofton Governs ment, did ufurp compulfively a Power over them contrary to their wills, and the right of Sir Ferdinando Gorges Heir, who had his Commiffion then in the place, did unanimoutly Petition to his Majefties Commiffioners to fettle the Government; upon which the faid Commiflioners examin’d the Bounds and Right of Mr. Gorges Patent, with all the Allegations and Pretenfions on both fides, and fo according to Chap. II. AMERICA. to their Inftru€tion from his Majefty, did fercle a temporary Government under his Majefty’s immediate Authority, until fuch time as his Majefty fhould-give his final determination thereof ; and for that end did Inftitute Juftices of the Peace to Gos vern the Province according to the true Laws of England. Alfo his Majefty was pleas’d by his Mandamus in April 1666, to the Governors of Bofton, to fignifie that ic was his will and pleafure, That the Province of Main fhould ftand good as his Commiffioners had fetled it, until he had more leifure to determine it ; yet nots withftanding, after three years quiet pofleffion, and exercifing of Government by the Kings Juftices, according. to their Commiffion granted by his Majefty’s Com- miffioners, the Boffoners, without any Conference with the faid Juftices, did in a hoftile manner oppofe the King’s Power, July 1668. which was as followeth: The General Court of Bofton fent their Warrants to keep Court at York under their Authority, and for that purpofe Commiffionated Magiftrates by their own Authority, namely Major General John Leveret, Mr. Edward Ting, Captain Richard Walden, and Captain Robert Pike : Whereupon the King’s Juftices did oppofe their Warrants, and fent Poftto New York, with an Addrefs to General Nicholas, for Ad- vice what to do therein ; who forthwith difpatch’d away to the Governors of Bofton, informing them of the danger of their Proceeding, it being an open breach of Duty, to fubvert the Government eftablifh’d by his Majefty’s Power ; alfo fent the King’s Mandamus, April 1666. that will’d to the contrary. Notwithftanding the Bofton Magiftrates in July 1668. in order to their Bofton Commiffion, came to York Town in the faid Province, with feveral Armed Men, Horfe and Foot, to keep Court under their Authority ; Oppofition was made by the King’s Juftices, and his Majefty’s Power wasurg’d, but little regard thereunto fhewn ; his Majefties Mandamus'was likewife much infifted upon, and produced by the Juftices, who ask’d the Boftoners what they thought of it ? and how they durft ad fo contrary to the King’s Will and Pleafure ? Major General Leveret told them; Thathe believ'd it might be the King’s Hand, but he had a Commiffion from the general Court at Bofton, which he would follow and obferve by the help of God. The fame day in the Afternoon the faid Major General Leveret, with the reft of the Bo/ton Magi- ftrates, feiz’d and imprifon’d the Province Marfhal in doing hi8 Office, and then forthwith went in warlike pofture to the Court-houfe, where the King’s Juftices fatin Judicature, and putting them from their Seats, fat down themfelves in their Places, and Executed their Bofton Commiffion. The King’s Juftices drew a Prote/t _againft their Proceedings, and fo left the Decifion to God’s Providence, and his Majefty’s good Pleafure. Then they turn’d out all Officers, both Military and Ci- vil, and Swore others in their Places under their Authority ; they forc’d the whole Record of the Province out of the Recorders Houfe contrary to his Will, by vertue of a Special Warrant from that Court. They imprifon’d the Mayor of the faid Province about three weeks, forcing him to give in five hundred Pound Bonds, not to act according to his Commiffion ; which with fome Refervations he was fore’d to deny for the fecurity’of his Eftate. Thefe riotous Proceedings thus acted with fuch a precipitate fury, fo incens’d his Majefty,that {peedy care had been taken to reduce them to reafon, had they not upon mature confideration bethought themfelves afterwards to yield Obedience to his Majefties Orders. 3 _ Having treated ac large of all that concerns New England in general, both in re- ference to the Natives and the Englifh Planters, we fhall conclude with a brief view of the Provinces of Laconia and Main, asthey are truly Deferib’d (among other ine genuous Collections and Obdfervations of the Affairs of America, and elpecially 7 thefe 165 166 A brief De- feription of Laconia, a Province in New Eng- Janda, AMER IC 4. ~ Chap. Te thefe Parts) by Ferdinando Gorges Ef{q, Heit tothe aboveemention’d Sir Ferdinando, and thereby fole Lord of the faid Provinces, onely contracting what hath been by him deliver’d more at large. | Among divers Plantations of the Engli(h happily Founded. in New England, is Province to the Landward, nam ‘d Laconia, fo call’d by reafon ‘of the great aia therein, but by the ancient Inhabitants thereof it is call’d The Countrey of the Troquois + ‘It lies between the Latitude of forty four and forty BYE Degrees, having the Rie vers of Sagadehock and Merrimeck on the Sea-Coaft. of New England, Southerly from it; into nach of which Rivers there isa fhort Paflage, fabsented by the: Salvages inhabiting near the Lakes. Alfo ithath the great Lakes which tend towards Cali- fornia in the South Sea on the Weft thereof: Onthe North thereof is the great ~ River of Canada, into which the faid River difgorgeth it felf by a fair large River,” well replenifh’d with many fruitful Iflands : The Air thereof ispure and wholefom, the Countrey pleafant, having fome high Hills, full of goodly. Forrefts,. and’ fair Valleys and Plains, fruitful in Corn, Vines, Chefnuts, Wallnuts, and infinite forts of other Fruits, large Rivers well for’ d with Fifh, and i inviron’d with goodly Mea- dows full of Tamber- trees. , ~ One of the great Lakes i iscall’d The Lake of Troguuis, hich towethet Bert a Rie ver of the fame Name, running into the River.of (Canada, is fixty.or fewensy Leagues in length. In the Lake are four Ap Iflands, hick are aS ited fall shedidly Woods and Meadows, having ftore of Game for Hunting, as Stags, Fallow-Deer, Elks, Rees Bucks, Beavers: and other forts of Beafts which come from the Main Land to the faid Iflands. i The Rivers which fall. into the Lakes have in them good ran of Beavers; of which Beafts, as alfo of the Elks, the Salvages make their chiefeft Traffick. The faid Iflands have been inhabited heretofore by the Salvages, but are now abandon’d by reafon of their late Wars one with another : They contain twelve - or fifteen Leagues in length, and are feated commodioufly for. Habitation in the midft of the Lake, which abounds with divers kinds of wholefom Fifh. From this Lake run two Rivers Southward, which fall into'the Eaftern and Southern Sea-Coalt of New England. Into this Lake there went many years fince certain French of Quebeck, who fided with the Algovinquins, with the help of their Canoos, which they carried: the {pace of five Miles over the Impo/sible Falls, to Fight a Battel in revenge of. fome former In- juries done by the Troquois to the Algovinguins, who had the Viétory ; for which caufe the French have been fo hated ever fince by the Nation of the Troquois, that none of them durft ever appear in any part of that Lake.’ Buttheir Trade, faid tobe fixteen thoufand Beavers yearly, is partly fold to the Dutch, who Trade with the Weft. end of the faid Lake over Land by Horfes, from theit Plantation upon Hudfon’s River : and another pare is conceiv'd to Bt purchas’d by the Hiroons, who being Newrters, are Friends bothto the one and the other ; and thele Eiroons. bring down the greateft part of all by the River of Canada. The Way oyer Land to this great Lake, from the plsaegtion of Pafcataway, hath been attempted by Captain Walter Neale, once Governor, at the Charges of Sir Fere dinando Gorges, Captain Mafon, and (Sine Merchants of London, and the Difcovery wanted but one days Journey of finifhing, becaufe their Victuals was.{pent,which, for want of Horfes, they were enforc’d : carry with their Arms, and their Clothes, upon their Backs; They intended to have madea fettlement for Trade by Pinnaces upon thefaid Lake, which they reckon to be about ninety or a hundred Miles from the Plantation over Land. The Chap. I. AMERICA The People of the ROARS are given to Hunting of wild Beafts, which is their chiefeft Food. Their Arms are Bowes and Arrows. Their Armor is made partly of Wood, and partly of a kind of twifted Stuff like Cottone-Wool. .. Their.Meat is Flour of Indian Corn, of that Countreys growth, fodden to Pap, which'they preferve for times of Neceilicy when they cannot Hunt. This Province of Laconia, however known bya diftin& Name, is included within. the Province of Main, which offers it felf next to our confideration. Allthat part of the Continent of New England, which was allotted by Patent to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and to his Heirs, he thought fit to call by the Name of The Pro- vince of Main. It takes it beginning at the entrance of Pa/catoway Harbor, and fo paffeth up the fame into the River of Newichwavoch ; and through the fame unto the fartheft Head thereof, and from thence North-Weftwards forthe fpace of a hun- dréd and twenty Miles; and from the Mouth of Pafcatoway Harbor aforefaid, North-Eaftward along the Sea-Coaft, to Sagadehock ; and up the River thereof to Kinibequy River, even as far as the Head thereof ; and into the Land North-Welt- wards, for the fpace of a hundred and twenty Miles. To thefe Territories are alfo adjoyn’d the North half of the Ifles of Sholes, togee ther with the Ifles of Capawick and Nautican, as alfo all the little Iflands lying within five Leagues of the Main, all along the Sea-Coaft, between the aforefaid Rivers of Pafcatoway and Sagadehock. He no: fooner had this Province fetled upon him, but he gave publick notice, That if-any one would undertake by himfelf and his Affociates, to Tran{porta competent number of Inhabitants, to Plant in any part of his Limits, he would affign unto him or them fuch a proportion of Land, as fhould in reafon farishe them, referving onely to himéelf fome {mall High-Rent, as 2s. or 25. 6d. fora hundied Avres per Annum :. and if they went about to build any Town or City, he would Endow them with fuch Liberties and Immunities, as fhould make them capable to Govern themfelves within their own Limits, according to the Liberties granted to any Town or Corporation within this Realm of England. And as for others of the meaner fort who went as Tenants, that they fhould have fuch quantities of Land affign’d them as they were able to manage, at the Rate of 4d. or 6d. an Acre, ac- cording to the nature or firuation of the Place they fettle in. . «And for the Divifion of the Province, and the Form of Government which he intended to Eftablith, he firft divided the Province into feveral Parts; and thofe again he fubdivided into diftingé Regiments, as Eaft, Weft, North, anid South ; thofe again into feveral Hundreds, Parifhes and Tythings, and hele: bo Haye chett feveral Officers to'Govetn, secoriliny to fuch Laws as fhould be agreed upon by publick Affent of the Freesholders, with the approbation of himfelf or Deputy and the principal Officers of the publick State. The fetled Government for the general State, to whom all Appeals were to be made, and-from whom all Inftruétions for the welfare of the Publick were to iffue, were to confit of himfelf.or his Deputy, who was to be chofen every three yeat by himfelf, with the advice of his Council : Next.a Chancellor for the determina» tion of all Caufes, A Treafurer, to whom the-care of the publick Revenue was to be committed’; A Matthal, whofe Office was to overfee the Regiments, and to provide Men for publlick Service; An Admiral, totake care of all Maritime Afs fairs, to whom/a Judge of the Admiralty was to be joyn’d to determine all Mari- time ‘Ganfess A Mafter°of the Ordnance, to look to the publick Atms and Am- munition ; A Secretary, ro receive Intelligence, - to acquaint himfelf or Deputy therés 167 Of the Pro- vince of Main. 168 AMERICA Chap. Il, therewith. To thefe belong all their feveral Officers and Minifters for the Execu-" tion of all Matters proper to their feveral Places. The chief Town of this Province is call’d Gorgiana, which is Govern’d by 2 Mayor, the reft are onely inconfiderable Villages or {catter’d Houfes ; but through Encouragement given to Adventurers and Planters, it may prove in time a very flourifhing Place, and be replenifh’d with many fair Towns and Cities, it being a Province both fruitful and pleafant. Sect. Il. New Netherland, now call’d New Y ork. Hat Traét of Land formerly call’d The New Netherland, doth contain all that Land which lieth in the North parts of America, betwixt New England and Mary-Land ; the length of which Northward into the Countrey, as it hath not been fully difcover’d, fo. itis not certainly known :: The breadth of it is about two hundred Miles. The principal Rivers within this Tra&, are Fiudfon's- River, Raritan-River, Delaware-Bay-River. The chief Iflands are the Manbhatans- Ifland, Long-Ifland, and Staten-Ifland. The firft which difcover’d this Countrey was Henry Hud/on, who being hir’d by the Eaft-India Company to feck a Paflage in the Northern America to China, fet Sail . Anno 1609.in the Hlalf-Moon Frigat ; coming before Terre-neuff, he ftood about to- wards the South-Welt, where Sailing up a great River, he found two Men Clad in in Ruffelo’s Skins ; and from thence arriv’d fafe at Amfterdam. New Netherland thus difcover’d, invited many Merchants to fertle a firm Plan- tation there ; to which purpofe they obtain’d Letters Patents ih 1614. granted them by the States in the Hague, That they might onely Traffick yo New Nether land ; whereupon they earneftly profecuting the Defign, fent. out Adrian Block and Godyn, who difcover’d feveral Coafts, Ifles, Havens, and Rivers. . | The Countrey, as they faid, being then-void, was therefore. free for any body that would take poffeffion of it: Notwithftanding which pretence, they were {carce warm in their Quarters, when Sir Samuel Argal, Governor of Virginia, having firft {poil’d the French in Accadie, as we faid, difputed the Pofleffion with thefe alfo. And although they pleaded Hud/on’s Right (who by Commiffion from King James, and upon an English Account, had lately difcover’d thofe Patts).and pretended they had not onely bought all his Cards.and Maps of the Countrey, butall: his Intereft and Rightalfo, and had fully contented him for all his Pains and Charges in the Difcovery ; yet the faid Hxd/on being an Englishman, and acting allchat he did by Commiffion from the King of England, upon Debate it-was concluded; ‘That the Land could not be alienated after Difcovery without the King of England’s con{ent, e[pecially it being but.a part of the Province. of Virginiay already poflefs'd by the Subjects of England : So that they were forc’d to wave that Title,and-the Dutch Gos vernor fubmitted his Plantation to His Majefty of England;\and to the Governor of Virginia, for and under him : Upon which Terms, fora good while they held it. Afterwards, upon confidence, it feems, of anew;Governor fent from Amfterdam,they not onely fail’d to pay the promis’d Contribution and Tribute, bur fell to fortifie themfelves, and to entitle the Merchants of Am/erdam to’an abfolute Propriety and Dominion of the Country, independent of any other; building Towns, as New Ams flerdam; raifing Forts, as Orange Fort, near the Branch of the Nordt River, which they call Fieil-Gate. Complaint whereof being made to King Charles, and by his Am» ee haflador = _ —_ = < —_—_ — _ a es 2 - ~ * ee ~- - = - = - a —_ - —— . ; -_ = = : | - ~ a i —_~ — _ - al TT essilale — — > — — = i = = — ae Oe ea a an > ees - —"y — —— et tie aa ~ ay . = == a os o . _ + = -_ - “ * a = all — ie pe winge = ~s = = = ——— = ~ pt > — —— oe ae — — agp = th _ ie —— _ , 4 - ~ — - - = : _— : : - = = -- - er ———" — = - , - , — : = - ——— — —— >, Sa 7 ~ — rt = = = _ ” — . — : oan a a ¥ x - “ RC} : votapur, GLIA, &Partis 4? el | Jo yw EnGg Nova Nye ALMOU: i _ . ky * ' / yt is a WAGs ‘tb ss *) i a 4 es 1d § 5 3 Se Site * aah on a ta, t << i 8 hero Quebecq J . “ ¥ a y* Nova BE - T°: owes —— a —_ , = : — = - -— <>: 7 < i i a —_— —* - ’ . _> = S = ~~» ae = ae 3 ~ ox -- , —_ _ - — se ae oe « — Chap. II. eA MERIC A. baffador reprefented to the States, they difown the bufinefS, and declare by Publick Inftrument, that it was onely a private Undertaking, viz. of the Weft-India Com- pany of Am/terdam. Whereupon a Commiffion was granted to Sir George Calvert, made Lord Baltimore in Ireland, to Poffefs and Plant the Southern parts thereof, lying towards Virginia, by the name of Mary-land ; and to Sit Edmund Loyden, to Plant the Northern parts towards New England, by the name of Nova Albion: Which makes the Dutch the fecond time feem willing to compound; and for the Sum of two thoufand and five hundred Pounds, they offer to be gone, and leave all they had there. But taking advantage of the troubles in England, which then began to appear, and foon after follow’d , they not only go back from their firft Propofitions, and make higher Demands , but alfo moft mifchievoufly (as fome report) furnifh the Natives with Arms, and teach them the ufe of them, as it may be thought, ex+ pecting to ufe their help upon occafion, againft the Bngli/h. After His Majefties Reftauration , His Majefty being truly inform’d of his jut Pretences to allthat Ufurp’d Territory call’d New Netherland, ( the fame having been formerly part of New England) and of how great prejudice to the Act of Na- vigation, and how dangerous Intruders the Dutchmen are generally upon other Princes Dominions, what mifchief might enfue to all our Englifh Plantations in time of War, if the Dutch were permitted to ftrengthen themfelves in the very heart of His Majefties Dominions, being Mafters of one of the moft commodious Ports and Rivers in America: His Majefty refolv’d to {eize upon the fame, as his undoubted Right, and in May 1664. having defign’d four Commiffioners to the perfecting of Affairs in New England, Collonel Richard Nichols, Six Robert Carr, George (artwright, and Samuel Mawrick Efquires, with three Ships of War to convey them to Bofton : The matter was fo order’d, that the fame Ships ferv’d for the ree ducing of the Town and Fort of New Amfterdam, upon conditions, advantageous to His Majefty, and eafie to the Dutch, Now begins New Netherland to lofe the Name, for His Majefty having conferr’d by Patent upon his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York and Albany, all the Acquifitie ons made upon Foraigners, together with Long-I/land , the Weft end whereof was wholly fetled and Peopled by Dutch-men ; his Royal Highnefs impower’d, by Commiffion as his Deputy-Governor,' Colonel Nichols, Groom of his Bed-chame ber, to take the Charge and Direétion of Reducing and Governing all thofe Terti- tories;it was by him thought fit,to change fome principal denominations of Places, viz, New Netherland into York-fhire; New Amjterdam into New York, Fort-Amfcel into Forte james; Fort-Orange into Fort: Albany ; and withal, to chan ge Burgomafters, Schepen, and Schout, into Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriff, with Juftices of the Peace; fo thar all the Civil Policy is conformable to the Methods and Praétife of England, whereas New England retains only the name of Conftable in their whole Rolls of Civil Off. cers, It is plac’d upon the neck of the Ifland Manhatans, looking towards the Sea; en- compafs'd with Hud/on’s River, which is fix Miles broad, the Town is compact and oval, with very fair Streets and feveral good Houfes, the reft'are built much after the manner of Afolland, to the number of about four hundred Houfes, which capable to lodge three hundred Souldiers and Officers ; it hath four Baftions, forty Pieces of Cannon mounted, the Walls of Stone, lin’d with a thick Rampart of _ Earth; well accommodated with a Spring of frefh Water, always furnifh’d with Arms and Ammunition, againft Accidents: Diftant from the Sea feven Leagues, it affords a fafe Entgance, even to unskilfill Pilots; under the Town fide, Ships of : 2 any Ifo. in thofe parts are held confiderable : Upon one fide of the Town is James=Fort, — - —_— a - _ sf : — = = lie. a ~ es ~~ =— a * . —_ += 5 6a =e >- = ee em . .“s . —— . 2 > a —. a SS a rs - = ~ =~ — — ee ee } : fei ar. Wa ir. = Al ' ; - i hy \7 rH | * a ere : = ee "es «+ iManhattans River. Wholefom 1 Waters, Trees, AMERICA. Chap. If. any Burthen may Ride fecure againft any Storms, the Current of the River being broken by the interpofition of a fmall Ifland, which liesa Mile diltant from the Town. About tert Miles from New York is a Place call’d Hell-Gate, which being a nar- row Paflage, there runneth a violent Stream both upon Flood and Ebb ; and in the middle lie fome Rocky Iflands, which the Current fets fo violently upon, that it threatens prefent Shipwrack ; and upon the Flood is a large Whirlwind, which continually fends forth a hideous roaring, enough to affright any Stranger from pafling farther, and to wait for fome Charon to condué him through ; yet to thofe that are well acquainted, little or no danger: It isa place of great Defence againft any Enemy coming in that way, which a fmall Forticfiation would abfolutely prevent, and ‘neceffitate them to come in at the Weft end of Long-I/land by Sandy Hook, where Nutten Ifland forces them within the Command of the Fortat New York, which is one of the beft Pieces of Defence‘in the North parts of America. It 1s built ‘moft of Brick and Stone, and cover’d with red and black Tyle, and the Land being high, it gives at a diftance'a pleafing profpect to the Spectators. The Inhabicants confift moft of English and Dutch, and have a confiderable Trade with Indians for Beaver, Otter, and Rackoon-Skins, with other Furrs; as.alfo for Bear, Deet and Elke-Skins ; and are fupply’d with Venifon and Fowl in the Winter, and Fifh in . the Summer by the Indians, which they buy at an eafie Rate ; and having the Coun- trey round about them, they are continually furnifh’d with all fuch Provifions as is needful for the Life of Man, not onely by the Englifh and Dutch within their own, but likewife by the adjacent Colonies. | The Manhattans, or Great River being the chiefeft, having with two wide Mouths wath’d the mighty Ifland Watowwaks, falls into the Ocean. The Southern Mouth is call’d Port May, or Godyns Bay. In the middle thereof lies an Ifland call’d The States Ifland ; and alittle higher the Manhattans, fo call’d from.the Natives, which on the Eaft fide of the River dwell on the Main Continent. They are acrucl Peo-- ple, and Enemies to the Hollanders, as alfo of the Sanbikans,; which refide on the Weftern Shore. Farther up are the’ Makwaes and Mabikans, which continually War one againft another. In like manner all the Inhabitants on the Weft fide of the Ris ver Manhattan are commonly at Enmity with thofe that poffefs the Eaftern Shore ; who alfo us’d to be at variance with the Hollanders, when as the other People Weftward kept good Correfpondency with them? : es On a fmall Ifland near the Shore of the Makwaes, lay formerly a Fort, provided with two Drakes and eleven Stone Guns, yet was at laft deferred. This Countrey hath many removable Water-falls, defcending from fteep Rocks, large Creeks and Harbors , frefh Lakes and Rivulets, pleafant Fountains and Springs, fome of which boyl in the Winter, and are cold and delightful to drink in Summer. The Inhabitants neverreceive any damage by Deluges,; neither from the Sea, becaufe the Water rifes not above a Foot; nor by the fwelling Rivers, which .fometimes, for a few days covering the Plains, at their deferting them, leave them fat and fruitful. The SeasCoaft is Hilly, and of a fandy and clayie Soil, which produces abundance of Herbs and Trees. | The Oak grows there generally fixty or feventy Foot high,and for the moft part free from Knots, which makes it the better fic for Shipping. The Nut-trees afford good Fuel, and a Rrange Prolpe& when the Wood is fet on fire, either to hunt out a Deer, or to cleat the Ground fit to be Till’d. Some Plants brought hither, grow better than in Holland it elf, as Apples, Pears, Cherries, Peaches, Apricocks, Strawberries, and the like. » ; Their ~ Ghap, Ty: AMERICA. gar 171 owt: bey ‘ own a ¥ ag \ ee “Ee Oe ity Weel Their Vines grow wild in moft places, and bear abundance of blue, white, and vice Muskadine Grapes : Sometime fince the Inhabitants made a confiderable advane tage by the Wine of them, which is not inferior to either Rbenifh or French. “All manner of Plants known in Ewrope grow in their Gardens: The Water Ware Ten: Lemmons, no lefs pleafing to the Palate than healthful when grown ripe ;theyare about the bignefs of an ‘indifferent Cabbage : the Englifh prefs a Juice out of them, which if it did not turn fowre in a fhort time, might well be compat’d with Spas nifh Wine. | | | The Calabafbes which grow there, mgde hollow, ferve for Water-cups. Pumpions are alfo there in great abundance. Their Wheat though Set fix Foot déep, grows very {peedily : Kidney-Beans Whe being planted amongft it, they will wind aboutthe Stalks thereof. Gray Peale ai hereto faft, that they gather them twice a year. Peale: In one Field Phyfical Herbs and Indigo grow wild in great abundance ; and Bare ley fprings above a Mans heighth. bhi _- Moreover, there are divers forts of {weet-{melling Flowers. | ‘The Hills are moft of a fat and clayie Soil, fit tomake Pots, Tobacco-pipes, or Sojl of ‘the any: other fort of Eartheti Ware. | In fome places alfo is ftore of Mountain Cryftal, and that fort of Mineral which we call Mu/covia Glafs : Others afford Marble, Serpentine Stone, and other forts of hard Stone. And though the Natives did not think it worth their while, or were not in a capacity to dig for Minerals themfelves, yet it remains without contradi- — | ion; that the Mountains inclofe both Gold and Silver. | vibe When Captain William (lieff, Anno i645. us'd the Indiaw Interpreter Agheroenfe (to decide the Differences which arofe between the We/t-India Company and the wild People call’d Makwaes,) he obferv’d him to paint his Face witha yellow glittering, colour, which he judg’d to be of fome rich Mineral : whereupon buying fome of the faid Agheroenfe, he put it into a Crnfible, and gain’d two fmall pieces of Gold out of the fame, valu’d at fix Shillings, but keeping it private, end purchaling 2 . as ¥F 2 3 great i oe ee et ee . =) ; = 5 _ — — > — - 2 ~ ——— AMERIC 4. Chap. TE. great quantity of thefaid Mineral from Agheroenfe (who had fhow’d him the Moun- tain which produced the fame) extracted good ftore of Gold out of it ; which pof fefling Clieff with a belief of having found out a bufinels of great confequence, he fent Arent (orfen of New-haven with the fore-mention’d Mineral to Holland ; but the Ship being never heard of afterwards, and the Princefs Pink, in which Captain Clieff was himfelf, with ftore of the new-found Mineral, being caft away, the Bus finefs came to nothing, Paint after a ftrangeman- “The Inhabitants, though divided into feveral Nations, ner. yet agree in many things, as in painting their Bodies, Shields, Clubs, and other Utenfils in their Houfes, The Colours wherewith they paint themfelves they prefs out of Plants, or make them of certain Stones grownd into very fine Powder, The chiefeft Plant is not unlike the Myrtle, onely it hath more Boughs, and bears'red Berries , the Juice of which being dry’d in the Sun, is afterwards preferv’d in little Bags. The Na- tives temperstheir Colours with Water, and paint their Bodies with the fame : It is as good a Purple as can be found, They alfo draw Ships, Trees, and Beafts after avery rough manner : In ftead of Feathers they wear pleited Hair, which being colour’d red, hath an excellent glofs, which never fades though it Rain on the lames a, The’ Horfes bred in this Countrey, being eicher brought thither from Enge land or Utrecht, far exceed thofe of Englifh breed ; but are both of them fubje& to a ftrange,Difeafe, of which many die in few hours. The fame Diftemper.alfo feizes on Cattel if they go into Forreft Pafture: But the onely thing to cure the fame, is Hay from falt Marfhy Grotinds. she | oe Hogs. The Oaken Woods'have ftore of Hogs, which if taken and fatned with Turkifh Wheat, are moft- delicious Meat.“ ” ’» | | i The Sheep, though they breed well there, yet are very {carce, becaufe.the Plane ters not being able to fpare Men to ‘watch them, they are often devour’d by Wolves. | There are alfo abundance of Deer, all forts of Fowls, Turkies, Geefe, Ducks; Pigeons, and the like. Lyons. The Lyons, whofe Skins the Indians bring to Market, aretaken on a high Moun. | tain fifteen days Journey South-Weft from thence. BlckBers. “There are likewife many black Bears, fearful of humane kind , but if Hunted, they run direéton thofe that purfue them: they fleep all the Winter, lying fix Weeks on one fide, and fix on the other, and fucking their Feet all the time : They generally lurk among Brambles, or in the Concavities of fome hollow Mountain. — Serange On the Borders of Canada there is feen fometimes a kind of Beaft which hath : fome refemblance with a Horfe, having cloven Feét, fhaggy Mayn, one Horn jut on their Forehead, a Tail like that of a wild Hog, black Eyes, and a Deers Neck : it feeds in the neareft Wilderneffes : the Males never come amongft the Females except at the time when they Couple, after which they grow fo rayenous, that they not onely devour other Beafts, but alfo one another. , Towards the South of New York are many Buffles, Beafts which ( according to Erafmus Stella) are betwixt a Horfe and a Stag : though they are of a ftrong Conftie tution, yet they die of the {mallet Wound, and are fubject to the Falling.-fick- ne{s: they have broad branchy Horns like a Stag, fhort Tail, rough Neck, Hair colour’d according to the feveral Seafons of the Year, broad and long Ears, hang- ing Lips, little Teeth, and Skin fo thick, as not eafie to be pierced : The Females differ from the Males, for they have no Horns ; both may eafily be made tame : when Hunted, they vomit ont a fort of {calding Liquor onthe Dogs : Horfes, Sheep. they have - great — - Chap. Il. AMERICA “193 ee —_—- + - - - : --- .** == . wt ete ~ > =, = 3 a great force in their Claws, for they can kill a Wolf with the fame at one blow : their Fleth, either frefh or falted, is a good Diet : their Claws alfo cure the Falling- ficknefs. ive But no Beafts are more plentiful here than Harts and Stags, which feed up and ¥*** down in great Herds: when they are Hunted by Wolves or Men, they immedi« ately take the next River, where they are caught feveral together, by.being crofs’d” in theit Swimming, and affrighted by the Eccho which comes from the Mountains, made by the Hunters hollowing on the other Shore, which makes them fearful of Landing : whilft che Hunt{men joyning feveral pieces of Wood together get up- on them, and Rowing towards thefe Deer, intercept them, being tir’'d and out of breath. | | : Moreover , this Countrey breeds many Musk Cats, efpecially in Marfhy Musk-Cass Grounds, Thefe Beafts are beautiful to the Eye, having black fpeckled Skins, their Mouths, full of fharp Teeth, and their Tails being long trail after them. Many of the Learned maintain a Difpute concerning Civet, Whether it be the Seed of the Civet-Cat ? the Affirmative, which Cardanus maintain’d, is contradicted by Julius Scaliger. Matthiolus, an Author of no little credit, fuwppofes that Civer is the Sweat of the Cat, becaufe it is moft chiefly taken when thefe Beafts are exceed. ingly vex’d and wearied: But fince the Sweat runs from all parts of the Body, which neverthelefs do not all produce Civet, it is impoffible that Sweat fhould be Civet. Others account Civet to be the Dung of the Cats, which laft feems to come neareft to truth : for certainly it. is nothing elfe but an Excrement in the’. 3 flefhy parts about their Pizzle, or near the Fundament. The Cats being in pain to be difcharg’d of this Civet, free themfelves from it by rubbing a Tree; and alfo fawn on thofe which take it from them with a Spoon, Belides all other wild Creatures, the Countrey according to Adrian Vander Donk, produces yearly eighty: thoufand Beavers. Pliny relates, thatthefe Beafts bite at off their Pizzles and throw them tothe Hunter, which are an exceeding good’ Me- dicine to help Abortion, ftop the Monethly Flowers, GiddinefS in the Head, ) gel oe Gout, ef al ty uy t "i, Fad “a —~ ts Fowls jn New York, AMERICA. Chap. II. Gout, Lamenefs, Belly and Tooth-ach, Rhumes, Poyfon, and the Evil. But Pliny makes a great miftake herein, for the Beavers have a {mall Piffel faften’d to their Back-bone, in fuch a manner, that they cannot loofe them but with hazard of their lives: They live in the Water, and on the Shore, in great companies together, in Nefts built of Wood, which deferve no {mall admiration, being made after this manner: The Beavers firft gather all the loofe Wood, which they find along the Banks of the Rivers, of which, if there be not enough, they bite the Bark off from the Trees in the neighboring Woods, then with their Tusks, of which two grow above, and two below in their Mouths, they gnaw the main body of the Tree fo long, till ic drops afunder : ‘Their Nefts very artificial, are fix Stories high, cover’d on the top with Clay to keep out Rain* in the middle isa paflage which goes to the River, into which they run fo foon as they perceive a Man ; to which purpofe one of them ftands Sentinel, and in the Winter keeps open the Water from freez- ing, by continual moving.of his Tail, which is flat without Hair, and the moft delicious Meat that can be had. The Beavers go big fixteen Weeks, and once a year bring forth four young, which fuck and cry like young Children, for the Dam of them tifes on her hinder Feet, and gives her Teats, which grow between the fore-legs to two of her young, each of them one; \the foremoft legs of a Beaver refemble thofe of a Dog, the hindermoft thofe of aGoofe ; on each fide of the vent are two {wellings within two thin Skins; out of their vent runs generally an Oily moyfture, with which they anoint all the parts of their body which they can reach, to keep them from being wet; within they are like a cut-up Hog; they live on the Leayes and Barks of Trees ; ithey love theit young ones exceedingly ; the long Hairs, which fhining, ftick out on the back, fall off in Summer, and grow again againft Harveft; they have fhort Necks, ftrong Sinews and Legs, and move very fwiftly in the Water, and on the Land; if incompafs'd by Men or Dogs, they bite moft feverely ; the right Castorewm,fo highly efteem’d by Phyficians, is a long Vefica, not unlike a Pear,within the body ofthe female Beaver, the Indians mince the Cods of the Male Beavers amongft their Tobacco, becaufe they produce no Caftoreum. This Country abounds.alfo with Fowls: for befides Hawks, Kites, and other Birds of Prey, there are abundance of Cranes, of feveral forts, fome grey, fome brown, others quite white; all of them have firm Bodies, and Bones without Mar- row, Claws of a finger long, ftrong and crooked Bills, their Brains dry, their Eyes little and hollow, hard Features, the left Foot leffer than the right, both déform’d, their Blood thick, and the Excrements of a horrid {mell; they breed moft in old Woods, whofe ground is without Brambles, and alfo near the Water, for they feed on Fifh, and devour all forts of Fowls, nay, {natch up Hares, Rabbets, Tor- tels, and feveral other forts of Animals, which they carry away with them in the Air; nay, when hungry, they feize on one anorher ; fome of them fly abroad for their prey about noon, others at Sun-rifing ; they fall like Lightning on what e’re they purfue; they drink little, except the Blood of thofe Creanurel Which they de- vour; they are very libidinous, coupling above thirty times a day} not only with their like, but alfo with the Hens of Hawks, and other Birds; they lay their big- geft Eggs in thirty days, and the leffer in twenty days ; they generally bring forth three young ; thofe of them that cannot endure to look full againft the Sun, are thrown out of their Nefts ; the young ones when they begin to be fiedg’d, are by the old carry’d into the Air, and let flie, but fupported by them; their fight is wonderful quick; for though they flie ashigh as ever they are able to be difcern’d, yet they can fee the leaft Pifh that is in the Water, and a Hare lying in the Bufhes: their Breath ftinks horribly , wherefore their Carcafes fuddenly ror, though they . are Chap. Il. AMERICA. are libidinous, yet they live long ; moft of them die of hunger, becaufe their Bills when they grow old, grow fo crooked, that they cannot open the fame, where- fore they flie up into the Air againft the Sun, and falling into the coldeft Rivers, loofe their Feathers anddie. _ uns Befides the foremention’d Birds of prey, there are abundance of Storks, Ravens, Crows, Owls, Swallows, Gold-finches, Ice-birds, Kites, Quails, Pheafants, and Winter-Kings, and which are moft remarkable for their rich Feathers, the Spechtes, they pick great holes in Trees, and make a noife as if a Man were cutting downa | Tree. The Pigeons flie in fuch flocks, that the Indians remove with them to the _ Piso place where they make their Nefts,where the young ones being taken by hundreds, ferve them for a Moneths Provifion. , Moreover, New York breedsja ftrange Bird about a Thumb long, full of gli- Pret Birds ftering Feathers; it lives by fucking of Flowers like a Bee, and is fo tender, that it immediately dies if water be {pirted upon it; the Carcafe being dry’d, is kept. for a Rarity. But this Countrey abounds chiefly in Turkies, whofe plenty deferves no lefs turkie, admiration than their bulk, and the delicious tafte of their Flefh,for they go feeding forty or fifty in a flock, and weigh fometime forty or fifty pound apiece ; the Na- tives either fhoot them, or take them with a Bait ftuck on an Angle: In Marchand Harveft the Waters {warm with Geefe, Teal, Snites, Ducks, and Pelicans, befides many ftrange forts of Fowls not known in Europe. | The Rivers and Lakes produce Sturgeon, Salmon, Carps, Pearch, Barbils, all = Fit forts of Eels, and many other Fifh which are taken near Water-falls : The Sea af- fords Crabs with and without Shells, Seascocks, and Horfes, Cod, Whiting,Ling, -Herrings, Mackrel, Flounders, Tar-buts, Tortels, and Oyfters, of which fome are a Foot long, and have Pearl, but are a little brownifh. Amongft the Poyfonous Creatires which infeft New York, the chiefeft and moft dangerous is the Rattle-Snake, whofe defcription we have already had at large in Ratte-snate: New England. f | The Inhabitants have their Hair black as Jet, harfh like Horfe-hair; they are | Coir broad Shoulder’d, {mall Wafted, brown Ey’d, their Teeth exceeding white; with ™>0™ “Water they chiefly quench their Thirft : Their general Food is Flefh,Fifh jand Indian - Their Diet. Wheat, which ftamp’d, is boyl’d to a Pap, by them call’d Sappaen : They obferve no fet time to Eat, but when they have an Appetite their Meals begin, Beavers Tails are amongft them accounted a great Dainty: When they go to Hunt, they ‘live feveral days on parch’d Corn, which they carry in little Bags ty’d about their middle, a little of that faid Corn thrown into Water {wells exceedingly. Henry Hudfon relates, That Sailing in the River Montams, in forty Degrees, he , Radin faw the Indians make ftrange Geftures in their Dancing and Singing ; he obferv’d “bs farther, that they carry’d Darts pointed with fharp Stones, Sodder’d to the Wood; that they flept under the Sky on Mats or Leaves; took much Tobacco, and very ftrong; and that though courteous and friendly, they were very Thieves. He Sailing thirty Leagues further, went in his Boat to an old Indian Commander of forty Men and feventeen Women, who conduéed: him to the Shore, where they-all dwelt in one Houfe, artificially built of the Barks of Oak-trees ; round about it lay above three Ships load of Corn, and Indian Beans to dry, befides' the Plants which grew inthe Fields. No fooner had Hudfon enter’d the Houle , but he was receiv'd on two Mats {pread on the ground; and two Men immediately were fent out to fhoot Venifon or Fowls; and inftantly returning, brought two Pigeons; a fat Dog, whom they nimbly flea’d with fhells, was alfo laid down to the of | They 195 — — ~ ee — ae — "s ——— = = ==" * ~ el —~ _ ~z = = = — Eee — ind, eS —— or Fame ee te 76 AMERICA. New Ne- therlanders Apparel. f Their boules.’ Chap! an a tol a ty ip pee” "g) ~ 1 ASTRO = Hy ; pr i = iY, rhe ye wt - ue * p ty Lae La ill =—— an Wy 1; i \ s1ny rit ; i). . . if bh } mult q > Sa A ye i ea i, — Hi) : — = nh eo ! yl : 2) iis = JB . =. , na . —— = : ‘One » 4 , = ’ = = ‘ Y ee: f > rn 2S aot =e « Seer reeee Seste mee ~, ~——' - ca “> —_ ome =: = —<- — = = ae . ; B ; . > 7” : - % vk =) oe a They alfo made other Preparations for Hudfons Entertainment, ‘but not willing to venture himfelf amongft them, that Night,tafted not of ir, notwithftanding the In. dians breaking their Darts, threw them into the fire, that thereby they might drive away all fears and jealoufies from him. The Habits of the Natives,efpecially of the Men, are few; the Women go more neat than the Men; and though the Winter pinches them with exceffive cold, yer they go naked tiil their thirteenth year: Both Men and Women wear a Girdle of Whale-fins and Sea-fhells; the Men put a piece of Cloth, half an Elllong, and three quarters broad, between their Legs, fo that a fquare piece hangs behind be- low his Back, and another before over his Belly. The Women wear a Coat which comes half way down their Legs,fo curioufly wrought with Sea-fhells,chat one Coat fometimes cofts thirty Pounds. Moreover, their Bodies are cover’d with Deer- , Skins, the lappets or ends of which hang full of Points ; a large Skin button’d on the right Shoulder, and ty’d about the middle, ferves for an upper Garment, and ‘in the Night for a Blanket : Both Men and Women go for the moft part bares headed; the Women tie their Hair behind in a tuft, over which they weara fquare Cap wrought with Seashells, with which they adorn their Foreheads, and alfo wear the fame about their Neck and Hands, and fome alfo about their middle. Before the Hollanders were Planted here, they wore Shoes and Stockings of Buffelo’s-skins ; fome likewife made Shoes of Wheaten-ftraw , but of late they come nearer to our Fafhions : The Men Paint their Faces with feveral Colours; the Women only put here and there a black Spot, both of them ate very refervid. Their Houfes are moft of them built of one fafhion, onely differing in length ; all of them agree in breadth of twenty Foot: They build after this manner, they fet Peel’d Boughs of Nut-Trees in the ground, according to the bignefs of the place which they intend to build, then joyning the tops of the Boughs together, they cover the Walls and top with thé Bark of Cyprefs, Athen, and Cheft-nut- Trees , which are laid one upon another , the fmalleft fide being turn’d inwards : according to the bignef$ of the Houfes, feveral Families, to the number of fifteen : ; | dwell Chap. II. AMERICA dwell together, every one having his Apartment. Their Fortifications are moft of them builc on fteep Hills, near Rivers ; the accefs to them is onely at one place, they-are built after this manner : They fet great Poles in the Ground, with Oaken Pallifadoes on each fide, crofs-ways one amongft another ; between the croffes the fetother Trees, to ftrengthen the Work: Within this inclos’d they generally build twenty or thirty Houfes, of which fome area hundred and eighty Foot long, and fome lefs, all of them full of People : In the Summer they pitch Tents along by the River fide to Fifh; againft Winter they remove into the Woods, to be near their Game of Hunting, and alfo Fuel. To take many Women is not cuftomary here, only amongft Military Officers, who Marry three or four Wivés, which {6 well agree, thac there is never any dif- ference betwixt them ; thofe that are not of Age, never Marry but with the confent and advice of their Parents: Widows and unmarry’d Men follow their own opini- on and.chojce; only they take Cognizance of their Eftates and Extra@ion: The ' Bridegroom always prefents the Bride , for the leaft offence, the Man after having foundly beaten his Wife, turns her out of Doors, and Marries another, infomuch, that fome of them have every yeara new Wife: On breach of Marriage, the Chil- dren follow the Mother, from whom they account their Generation : They. ac- count Adultery, if committed under the bare Canopy of Heaven, a great Sin; Whoring is Licenc’d to fingle Women, if they receive Money for it, and no Man {cruples to Marry them ; nay, thofe that are Marry’d, boalt how many they have enjoy d before their Matriage : She that is inclin’d to Marry, covers her whole body, and fets her felf wrapt up in the middle of the way , where a Batchelor pafling by fees her, and makes up the Match blindfold : When impregnated, they take great care that their Fruit receives no hindrance nor prejudice: When the time of their Delivery approaches, (which they know exaétly) they go toa Melan- cholly place in the Woods, though in the coldeft Weather, where they raife up a Hut of Mats, and bring the Child into the World without any help or Company, wath the Child in cold Water, and Wrap it up in Mats; then a few days after g0- ing home , they bring up the Infant with great care, none putting them out to Nurfle; So long as a Woman gives fuck, or is quick with Child, fhe will not ad- mit of Copulation; one who hath the Flowers, never comes abroad : In time of ficknefs they faithfully amit ong another: When any die, thé neareft Relations fhut their Eyes , and.after-having watch’d them fome days, they are Interr’d after this manner.:.The Corps is plac’d fitting with a Stone under its Head, near it they feta Pot, Kettle, Dith, Spoons, Money, and Provifions to ufe in the other World, then they pile Wood round about it, and cover it over with Planks, on which throwing Earth and Stones, they fet Pallifadoes, and make the Grave like a Houfe, to which they fhew Veneration, wherefore they account it a great piece of villany to deface any thing of it: The Men make no fhew of forrow over the Dead, ‘but the Women mourn exceedingly, and carry themfelves very ftrangely, beating their Breafts, {cratching their Faces, and calling night and day on the name of the De- ceasd: ‘The Mothegs make great Lamentation at the Death of their Children, ef- pecially Sons, for they fhave off the Hair of their Heads, which at the Funeral is burnt in the prefence of all their Relations; which is alfo perform’d by the Wo- men when their Husbands die , befides, they black all their Faces, and putting on 77 Removed Many Wives} Marriages. ' Whoring pers mitted, Strange Mars rying. Child-bear- ing Womens ftrange aGi-~ ons, Funerals, ' Mournin over the dead remarkable, a Hart-skin Shirt, mourn a whole year, notwithftanding they liv’d very conten- _ tioully together. _ On fome occafions they go a Worfhipping of the Devil, to a certain place where the Sorcerers ‘fhew ftrange Feats of Activity, tumbling over and over, beating thems Conjurers. AMERICA. Chap. IE. themfelves, and not without great noife leaping in and abont 2 great Fire: at latt _ they makea great Cry all together ; upon which (as they fay) the Devil appears to Language of the New Ne- therlauders. Money. Vices and Vertues. Strange Stoves. Arms, Remarkable actions of fome Prifon- ers, Laws. them in the fhape either of a tame or wild Beaft: the firft fignifies bad ,and the other good fortune ; both inform them of future Events, though darkly, and if the bu- finefs fall out ‘contrary, they affirm that they have not rightly underftood the De- vil’s meaning. Moreover they bewitch fome in fucha manner, that they foam at the Mouth, throw themfelves into the Fire, and beat themfelves feverely ; and fo foon as they whifper in the Ear of thofe whom they have bewitch’d, they immedi+_ ately recover their former health. | a The Language of this Countrey is very various, yet it is divided into onely four principal Tongues, as the Manhattans, Wappanoo, Siavanoo, and Mingua's, which are very difficult for Strangers to learn, becaufe they are {poken without any Grounds or Rules. | | | Their Money is made. of the innermoft Shells of a certain Shell-fith, caft up twice a year by the Sea: Thefe Shells they gtind {mooth, and make a Hole in the middle, cutting them of an exact bignels, and fo put them on Strings, which then ferve in ftead of Gold, Silver, and Copper Coin. | Now ro fay fomething of the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants. They are in the firft place very flovenly and nafty, ftubborn, covetous, revengeful,and much addicted to filching and ftealing. Some appear refery'd, ufing few words, which they utter after ferious confideration, and remember along time. Their Under- ftandings being improv’d by the Hollanders, they are quick of apprehenfion, to di- ftinguifh good from bad : they willnot endure any Oppreflion, but are very patient of Heat,Cold,Hunget and Thirft. They have a ftrange way of ufing Stoves, which.- are (et in the Ground and cover’d with Earth, into which they go through a litele Door. A fick Perfon coming into the fame, fets himfelf down, and places hot Stones round about him; whichdone, and having {weat a confiderable time, he leaps into cold Water, by which he finds eafe of all his Diftempers. , Though thefe People know no great diftingtion between Man and Man, as other Nations, yet they have noble and ignoble Families amongft them , fuperior ‘and inferior Offices, which they enjoy by Inheritance ; but fometimes the Martial Offices are beftowed according to the Valour of the Perfons: Their Generals fel- dom give their Enemies a Field-Battel, by drawing or dividing their Men into Res giments or Companies, but make it their whole Defign to defeat their Enemies by” fudden Sallies from Ambufcado’s; for they never ftand ont a clofe Fight, unlefs compell’d to it, but if encompa{s’d round, they fight to the laff Man. When any danger threatens, the Women and Children are convey’d to a fecure place. Their Arms formerly were Bowes and Arrows, and,Battel-axes, but now they ufe Muf- quets, which they have learn’d to handle with great dexterity. Their fquare Shields cover all their Bodiesand Shoulders. About their Heads they tie a Snakes Skin, in the middle of which fticks either a Fox’s or Bear's Tail. They cannot be known by their Faces, they are all over fo befmear’d with Paint of divers colours. They feldom give Quarter to their Enemies, except Women and Children, which the Conquerors ufe as their own, that by that means they may increafe and firengthen themfelves : and if any Prifoner is not kill’d prefently after the Bartel, but falls into the Hands of one whofe Relations have formerly been flain by his Party, he is Roafted three days by degrees before he gives up the Ghoft. It de- ferves no {mall admiration, thatthe Sufferer during the whole time of his Torture, Sings till he breathes his laft. They have few or no Punifhments for any Offence, committing few Crimes which are by them accounted Capital. If any one fteal, and Chap. II. AMERICA. “and the Goods be found in his cuftody, the Governor of the place where he refides commands him onely to reftore the fame to the Owner. If any one murther or kill the other, the Relations of the flain, if they can take the Malefactor in twenty four hours, may without Examination or delay put him to death alfo ; but that time _ being once expir’d, the Revenger is liable to be kill’d in the fame time by his Rela- tions whom he flew. All Obligations have their power and vertue from certain Prefents deliver’d upon the making of a Contract, which is donethus: They dry as many Sticks as they have Articles, which if they agree upon, every Man on the concluding of the Difcourfe lays a Prefent before the others Feet. Sometimes they hang up the Prefents, becaufe they are ofterfthree days in Confultation before they refolve , after which if the Prefents be taken down, it is a certain fign of their Agreement ; but if not, they proceed no farther, unlefs the Articles and:Prefents are alter’'d. On Bufineffes of confequence the Commonalcy repair to their Govers nor’s Houle, there to hear and enquire what the Nobility there aflembled have concluded or refoly’d on; at which the beft Orator ftanding up, tells them their Intentions. It happens fometimes that a turbulent Perfon making a Mutiny, and refufing tohearken to reafon, is immediately beheaded by one of the Nobility ; in contradiétion of which none dare prefume to {peak the leaft word. There are {carce any fteps of Religion found amongft thefe People, onely they fuppofe the Moon to have great influence on Plants. The Sun, which overlooks all things, is call’d to witnefs whene’re they Swear. They bear great ref{pect, and ftand much in fear of Satan, becaufe they are often plagued by him when they goa Hunting or Fifhing : wherefore-the firft of what they take is burnt in honor of him, that he to whom they afcribe all wickednefs might not hurt them. When they feel pain in any part of their Body, they fay that the Devil fits in the fame. They acknowledge that there refides a God above the Stars, but troubles not him- felf with what the Devil doth on Earth, becaufe he continually recreates himfelf with a moft beautiful Goddefs, whofe original is unknown; She ona certain time (fay they) defcended from Heaven into the Water, (for before the Creation all things were Water) into which fhe had inftantly funk, had not the Earth arofe uns der her Feet, which grew immediately to fuch a bignefs, that there appear’d a World of Earth, which produc’d all forts of Herbs and Trees ; whilft the Goddefs taking to her felf a Hart,Bear,and Wolf, and Conceiving by them, fhe was not long after delver’d of feveral Beafts at one time : and fromthence proceeded not onely the diverfity of Beafts, but alfo Men, of which fome are black, white, or fallow; in nature fearful like a Hart, or cruel and valiant like a Bear, or deceitful like ‘Wolves: after this the Mother of all things afcended up to Heaven again, and {ported there with the Supream Lord, whom they fay they know not, becaufe they never faw him : wherefore they fhall have lefs to anfwer for than (briftians, which pretend to know him tobe the Punifher of things both good and bad, which are daily committed by them: and for this ridiculous Opinion they can hatdly be brought to embrace the (,hriftian Faith. Concerning the Souls of the Deceafed, they believe, that thofe which have been good in their life-time, live Southward in a temperate Countrey, where they enjoy all'manner of pleafure and delight ; when asthe Wicked wander up and down ina miferable Condition. The Eccho which refounds from the Cries of wild Beafts in the Night, they fuppofe to be the Spirits of Souls tranfmigrated into wicked Bodies. _ Ac their Cantica’s, or Dancing-Matches, where all Perfons that come are freely Entertain’d, it being a Feftival times Their Cuftoti is when they Dance, for the Spectator f . Council- Af. fembly, Religion; Diabolical Worthip. Their.ridicii- lous Opiniori of God, As alfo of rhe Creations Of the Im- mortality of the Soul. ; Their Cantj. ca’s, or Dawe cing, AME RIAC-4. | Chap. II. S pectators to have fhort Sticks in their Hands, and to knock the Ground and Sin altogether, whilft they that Dance fometimes a& Warlike poftures, and then they comein painted for War with their Faces black and red, or fome all black, fome all red, with fome ftreaks of white under theit Eyes, and fo jump and leap up and down without any order, uttering many Expreffions of their intended Valour, For other Dances they onely fhew what antick Tricks their ignorance will lead them to, wringing of their Bodies and Faces after a ftrange manner, fometimes jumping into the Fire, fometimes catching up a Firebrand, and biting off a live Coal, with many fuch tricks, that will affright rather than pleafe an Englifh-man to look upon them, refembling rather’ company of infernal Furies that! Men. Their fing * When their King or Sachem fits in Council, he hath a Company of Arm’d Mento guard his Perfon, great refpect being fhewn him by che People, which is princi- pally manifefted by their filence. After he hath declared the caufe of their Cons vention, he demands their Opinion, ordering who fhall begin: The Perfon or- der’d to fpeak, after he hath declar’d his mind, tells them hehathdone: no Man. ever interrupting any Perfon in his Speech, nor offering to fpeak, though he make never fo many long ftops, till he fays he hath no more to fay. The Council having all declar’d their Opinions, the King after fome paufe gives the definitive Sentence, which is commonly feconded with a fhout from the People, every one feeming to _ applaud and manifeft their Affent to what is determin’d. If any Perfon be condemn’d to die, which is feldom, unlefs for Murther or Ins ceft, the King himfelf goes out in Perfon (for you muft underftand they have no Prifons, and the guilty Perfon fliesinto the Woods) where they go in queft of him, and having found him, the King fhoots firft, though at never fuch a diftance, and then happy is the Man that can fhoot him down ; for he that hath the for- tune to be Executioner, is for his pains made fome Captain, or other Military Officer. ! | : They greafe their Bodies and Hair very often, and paint their Faces with feve. ral Colours, as black, white, red, yellow, blue, ec. which they take great pride in, 4 _— ic ~ en _- +> —s : > : Es a = = =a al an + Eee every one being painted ina fever#$ manner. r Within two Leagues of New York lieth Staten-Ifland, it bears from New York Weft fomething Southerly : It is about twenty Miles long, and four or five broad, moft it very good Land, full of Timber, and producing all fuch Commodities as x Long-Ifland doth, befides Tin and ftore of Iron Oar ; and the (alamine Stone is faid likewife to be found there : There is but one Town upon it, confifting of Englifh and French, but it is capable of entertaining more Inhabitants. ve Betwixt this and Long-Ifland is a large Bay, which is the éoming in for all Ships and Veffels out of the Sea. Fava . On the North-fide of this Ifland After-skull River puts into the _ - —— = =~ Se 7 > > = @@ - - - " e ae - ~ - “ s ve o + ~ 7 = — wt) tl ee, —> — = “ — - ee wees oe 5 es Toa = = a = SS ean ee n . Ad — ~— ( . eyo —_ - ">: Deis - yy es 2 Oo =F - _ a lg a none ANEW ” % Uyvie eee —— y i it) | = | i Shur 4 Voreher “Tle prtte ’Vryrg a lies whereof extend rier Seuthrarde)is bes heere inferted, for thes better defert haan of entrance 1to @ 4 "% ; : oy a of —— um wi Im wr Wo SS) ‘© 00 mi ue a ‘eee i eB TH Mm My WT Me . mm. un. won i mn SR Oe i ee ook A Son ae Cir es See i S SS SS : : se ’ . S52 , om S45 Calver Leon emore Ab olute Lor Weg etary gy. the fam a TT ME A | oe) | I) es ee TM ie dui ¢ 9 2 oh racks. “N oy A K “Ti ll i Nouz Tersy bs — GLIA Pars ra a) 1 a VT - = . —— PT. ak i Y - bl : . : 7 ; | ‘b Wag ¢ om s. a ;! - : : _ +h ; : : : ; ; _ : 4 - > : i “ ” - 4 ~ ‘ 4 t - t ; pS " J *. # " ‘ a yi bn gag na beac - “ sa ; ‘ = ~ F « > _ oS Le wx 7 — as =r = - ° 4 _— — . — a, ms ee Se —— ae _— : ee - — : > Satie ab . —_ — " a ee : c = i. - > F — x ~~ — = = = ~~ oe - Se — bons _ + : oe 4 ~~ ce A 6 ease Sor - -—¢ ==> a <* = = es te we 7 2 — oe ae re -- - —_ ~ = - se<> + -" = a —— = ~ 4 - . ee —— a = = — — —- + > 7 1 ~ - — - - : an ie — — sated — ———— ~~ — < (pe - iy ra) | oy ; (* ) Z \\oee ee ah F s = c/)) = » “y/ eg A\ .= (ey DF iu Pat sa y rt iP : , z, . ix *, i \P ¥P Ny \ 4 : i LINK G) ag = X > / , itl i ps sy > a ae /, es A NEW DESCRIPTION OF MARYLAND. ———— $$ i ee 8) EG Tell hl ke =| Efore We proceed tothe Defcription of this Countrey, .it will be firftrequifice to relate the true occafion and means, whereby this part of America came to be eregted into a Pros ‘vince, and call’d Mary-land. In the Year of our Lord 1631. George Lord Baltemore.obs tain’d-of King Charles the Firft,of Great Brittain,exc. a Grant of that part of America, ( firft difcover’d by the Englifh) which ‘lies between the Degreesof thirty feven and fifty Minutes, ot thereabouts, and forty of Northerly Latitude; which is bounded on the South. by Virginia, onthe North, by New England, and ‘New Jerfey, part of Nem York, lying on the Eatt fide of Delaware Bay, on the Eaft, by the Ocean; and.on, the Welt; by that part of the Continent which lies in.the hongiads af the fir Founhaiih of the River call’d Patomeck. dn purtuance a of this Grant to his:faid Lordfhip, a Bill was prepar ‘d, and brought to His Majefty to Siga, who firft ask’d his Lordfhip, what he fhould call it, there being a Blank in the Billdefi ignedly left: for the Name, which his Lotdthivi inten. ded fhould have been Crefcentia ; ; but his Lordfhip leaving it to His Majefty to give it 2 Name, the King propos’d to, have it. call’d Terra-Maria,.in English, Mary-land, in honor of his Queen, whofe Name was Mary, which was concluded on, and scopes ted into the Bill, which the King then Sign’d, and thereby the faid Tract of Land was erected into a Province by that Name. \\. His Lordfhip fomewhat delaying the fpeedy pafling of it under the Great Seal of Engin dy’d in the interim, before the faid Patentowas perfected; whereupon.a V2 Patent ra oe . ‘> w a “ 1 The firuation; cs mT ~ E to _—_ "ve - oe —— WOM BEART Cee. ~ Chap. I. Patent of the faid Province was fhortly afterwards pafs'd to his Son and Heir, (who was Chriften’d by the Name of Cecil, but afterwards confirm’d by the Name of (wtilins,) the now Lord Baltemore; under the Great Seal of England, bearing Date June 20. 1632. in the eighth Year of His faid. Majefties Reign, with all Royal Ju- rifdiétions and Prerogatives, both Military and Civil in the faid Province, asPow- . er to Enact Laws, Power of pardoning all manner of Offences, Power to confer Honors, &c. to be held of His faid Majefty, His Heits and Succeflors, Kings of Eng- land in common Soccage, as of His Majefties Honor of Wind/or in the County of Berks in England; yielding and paying yearly for the fame to His Majefty and to His Heirs and Suceeitars for ever, two Indian Arrows of thofe parts, at the Caftle of Windfor aforefaid, on Tucldege in Baj/ter Week, and the fifth part of all Gold and Sil- ver Oar, which (hall happen to be found in the {aid Province. wid'tealhaa le uate By the {aid Patent is Granted to his Lordfhip, his Heirs and Affigns, all that ‘ part of a Peninfula, lying in the patts of America, between the Ocean on the Eaft, “ and the Bay of (he/apeack on the Weft ; and divided from the other part thereof “ by aright Line drawn from the Promontory, or Cape of Land call’d Watkin’se “ Point, fituace in the aforelaid Bay, near the River of Wigcho on the Weft, unto the <¢ main Ocean on the Eaft, and between that bound on the South, unto that pare “of Delaware Bay onthe North, which ties under the fortieth Degree of Northerly “ Latitude from ghé Equingétial, where New England ends; and all that Traé of ‘Land between the bounds aforefaid, that is to fay, paffing from the aforefaid “ Bay call’d Delaware Bay, in a right Line by the Degree aforefaid, unto the true <¢ Meridian of the firft Fountains of the River of Patomeck, and res thence ftretch- ‘¢ ing towards the South, unto the furtheft Bank of the faid River, and following << the Weft and South fide thereof, unto a certain place call’d anbek: near the ‘¢ Mouth of the faid River, where it falls into the Bay of Che/apeack, and from thence “< by a ftreight Line unto she aforefaid Promontory, or place call’d Watkin’s-Point, Siwhich lies ir thirty fever psig A and fifty Minutes, or heen of Norther ‘e Latitude. By this Patént his Lordthip and his Heirs and Affigns are Created the true atid! abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the {aid Province, faving the Allegiance and Soverdign Domiihion due to His Majefty, His Heirs, uid Succeffors; fo that he hath thereby a Soveraignty Granted to him and his Heits, dtpeaiet upon the SOves malguaty of the Crown of England. Theat \oHis Lordfhip} in the yen 1633. fent his {econd: belie? Mr. Leonard Calvert, and a chird Brother Mr. George’ Calvert, with divers other Gentlemen of Quality, and SérVaiits' tol che ‘number oF cwo hundred Perfons at leaft, to fettle a Plantation there’)! who fet’ Sail from the Cowes in ithe J/le of Wight i in England , on Novemb. 22. in the tarne Year, having nade fore ftay by the way, at the Barbadoes and St. Chrie » fiophers in Ameri ee they arriv’d at Point Comfort in Virginia, on Februarye4. following, from “whence fhottly aftér'they Sail’d np the Bay Of Chefapeack, and Patomeck Ri- ver?’ And having review a’the! Country, and given Names to feveral places, they pitch’ d upon a Town of the Indians for their firft Seat, call’d Yoacomaco, (now Saint Maries) which the then Governor Mr. Léonard Calvert, freely Purchas’d of the Na- tives there, for the Lord Mopttchabig ule; with ‘Commodities brought from England. | That which Ficilitated the Treaty xd Purchafe’ ist the faid place from the Ine dians, was a refolution which thofe Indians had then before taken, to remove higher into the Countrey where it was more Populous, for fear of the Sanfquehanocks, _ (another, and more Warlike People of the Indians, who were their too near Neigh- bors, =~. —_ ss Pe - ~~ —— * row uot “tLe — et ea ee re we FEF me re .---~ ; ; i) i} S| | an) ! as ay uf ip : 7 } flime > , a q 7 ! i } . - WM : : . 7 | Chap. The /_ AMERICA. bors, and itthabit between the Bays of (hefapeack and Delaware) there being then a@ual Wars between them, infomuch, that many of them were gone thither before the English arriv’d : And it hath been the general practice of his Lordfhip, and thofe who were employ’d by him in the Planting of the {aid Province, rather to purchafe the Natives Intereft, (who will-agree for the fame at eafie rates) than to take from them by force,that which they feem tocall their Right and Inheritance, _ to the end all Difputes might be remov’d touching the forcible Incroachment upon others, againft the Laws of Nature or Nations. Thus this Province at the vaft Charges, and by the unweary’d Induftry and en- deavor of the prefent Lord Baltemore, the now abfolute Lord and Proprietary of the fame was at firft Planted , and hath fince been fupply’d with People and other Neceflaries, fo effectually , that in this prefent Year 1671. the number of English there amounts to fifteen or twenty thoufand Inhabitants, for. whofe Encourages ment there is a Fundamental Law eftablifh’d there by his Lordfhip, whereby Li- berty of Confcience is allow’d to all that Profefs to believe in Jefus Chrift, fo that no Man who is a Chrif/tian is in danger of being difturb’d for his Religion ; and all Perfons being fatisfi’d touching his Lordfhips Right, as Granted by his Superior Sos veraign, the King of Great Brittain, and poffefs'd by the confent and agreement of the firft Indian Owners, every Perfon who repaireth thither, intending to become an Inhabitant, finds himfelf fecure, as well inthe quiet enjoyment of his Property, as of his Confcience. | Mr.. Charles Calvert, his Lordfhips onely Son and Heir, was inthe Year. 1661. fent thither by his Lordfhip to Govern this Province and People, who hath hi- therto continu’d that Charge of his Lordfhips Lieutenant there, to the general {a- tisfaction and encouragement of all Perfons under his Government, or otherwife concern’d in the Province. The precedent Difcourfe having given you a fhort Defcription of this Province from its Infancy to this day, together with an account of his Lordfhips Patent and Right, by which he holds the fame; we will here {peak fomething of the Nature of the Countrey in general, and of the Commodities that are either naturally afforded there, or may be procur’d by Induftry. | The Climate is very healthful, and agreeable with English Conftitutions ; but New-comers have moft of them heretofore had the firft year of their. Planting there in July and Augu/t, a Sicknefs, which is call’d there A Seafoning, but is indeed no other than an Ague, with cold and hot Fits, whereof many heretofore us’d to die for want of good Medicines, and accommodations of Diet and Lodging , and by drinking too much Wine and Strong-waters; though many, even in thofe times, Who were more temperate, and that were better accommodated, never had any Seafonings at all; but of late years, fince the Countrey hath been more open’d by the cutting down of the Woods, and that there is more plenty of English Diet, thee are very few die of thofe Agues, and many have no Seafonings at all, e{pecially thofe that live in the higher parts of the Country, and not near to the Marfhes and Salt-water. | | In Summer, the heats are equal to thofe of Spain, but qualifi’d daily about Noon, at that time of the Year, either with fome gentle Breezes, or {mall Showres of Rain: In Winter there is Froft and Snow,.and fometimes it is extremely cold, rs The nunibér of Inhabi- tants, infomuch, that the Rivers and the Northerly part of the Bay of Che/apeack are Fro- - zen, but it feldom laftslong , and fome Winters are fo warm, .that People have gone in half Shirts and Drawers only at Chriftmas : But in the Spring and Autumn; (viz,) in March, April, and May, September, Oétober, and November, there is generally f V 3 mo ft The natural Commodities of the Coune trey, AMERICA. . Chap. Il. - moft pleafant temperate Weather: The Windsthere are variable, from the South comes Heat, Gufts, and Thunder; from the North or North- Weft, cold Weather ; and in Winter, Froft and Snow; from the Eaft and South-Eaft, Rain. The Soy] is very fertile, and furnifh’d with many pleafant and commodious Rivers, Creeks, and Harbors. | | The Country is generally plain and even, and yet diftinguifh’d with fome pret- ty {mall Hills and Rifings, with variety of Springs and Rivulets: The Woods are for the moft part free from Underwood, fo thata Man may Travel or Hunt for his Recreation. F , The ordinary éntranice by Sea into this Country is between two (apes, diftant each from the other about feven or eight Leagues; the South Cape is call’d Cape Henry, the Notth, Cape Charles; within the Capes you enter into a fair Bay, Navi- gable for at leaft two hundred Miles, and is call’d Chefapeack Bay ; ftretching it felf Northerly through the heart of che Countrey, which adds much to its Fame and Value: Into this Bay fall many ftately Rivers, the chief whereof is.Patomeck, which is Navigable for at leaft a hundred and forty Miles: The next Northward, is Pa- tuxent, at its entrance diftant from the other about twenty Miles, a River yielding oteat Profit as well as Pleafiure to the Inhabitants; and by reafon of the Iflands and other places of advantage that may Command it, both fit for Habitation and De- fence : Paffing hence to the Head of the Bay, you meet with feveral pleafant and commodious Rivers, which for brevity we here omit to give any particular ace count of : On the Eaftern Shore are feveral commodious Rivers, Harbors, Creeks, and Iflands, to the Northward whereof you entér into another fair Bay, call’d Delaware Bay, wide at its enttance about eight Leagues, and into which falls a very fair Navigable River. fi This Countrey yields the Inhabitants many excellent things for Phyfick and Chyrurgery; they have feveral Herbs and Roots which are great Prefervatives againft Poyfon, as Snske-Root, which prefently cures the bitings of the Rattle-Snake, which ate very Venomous, and are bred in the Countrey ; others that cure all manner of Wounds; they have Saxafras , Sarfaparilla , Gums and Balfoms, which Experience (the Mother of Art) hath taught them the perfect ufe of. An Indian feeing one of the English much troubled with the Toothsach, fetch’d a Root out of a Tree,which apply’d to the Tooth, gave eafe immediately to the Par- ty ; other Roots they have fit for Dyers, wherewith the Indians Paint themfelves as Pacoone (a deep red,) ec. | | The Timber of thele parts is good and ufeful for Building of Houfes and Ships, the white Oak for Pipe-ftaves, the red for Wainfcot; there is likewife black Walle Nut, Cedar, Pine, and Cyprefs, Cheft-nut, Elme, Afh, and Popelar, all which are for Building and Husbandry : Fruit-trees, as Mulberries, Perfimons, with feveral kind of Plumbs, and Vines in great abundance. Of Strawberries there is plenty, which are ripe in April, Mulberries in May, Rafe berries in June, and the Maracok, which is fomething like a Lemon, is ripe in Auguft. In Spring time there are feveral forts of Herbs, as Corn-fallet, Violets, Sorrel, Pur flane, and-others which are of great ule to the English there. In the upper parts of the Countrey are Bufféloes, Blks, Tygers, Bears, Wolves, and great ftore of Deer ; as alfo Beavers, Foxes, Otters, FlyingSquirils, Racoons, and many other forts of Beafts. | Of Birds, there is the Eagle, Gofhawk, Falcon; Lanner, Sparrow-hawk, and Mars lin; alfo wild Turkies in great abundance, whereof many weigh fifty Pounds in weight and upwards, and of Partridge great plenty : There are likewife fundry | forts Chap. II. ~ AMERICA, forts of finging Birds, whereof one is call’d a Mock-Bird, becaufe it imitates all other Birds; fome are red, which fing like Nightingales, but much louder . others black and yellow, which laf fort excels more in Beauty than tune, and is by the English there call’d the Baltemore- Bird, becaufe the Colours of his Lordfhips Coat of Arms are black and yellow: Others there are that refemble moft of the Birds in England, but not of the fame kind, for which we have no names: In Winter there are great plenty of Swans, Cranes, Geefe, Herons, Duck, Teal, Widgeons, Brants, and Pidgeons, with other forts, whereof there are none in England. The Sea, the Bays. of Chefapeack and Delaware, and generally all the Rivets, do abound with Fifh of feveral forts; as Whales, Sturgeon, Thorn-back, Grampufes, Porpufes, Mullets, Trouts, Soules, Plaice, Mackrel, Perch, Eels, Roach, Shadd, Herrings,Crabs, Oyfters,Cockles, Muffels, exc. but above all thefe, the Fifh wheres of there are none in England, as Drums, Sheepsshead , Cat-fish, arc. are beft, except Stur- geon, which are there found in great abundance, not inferior to any. in Ewrope for largenefs and goodnefs, y | | The Minerals may in time prove of very great confequence, though no rich Mines are yet difcover’d there ; but there is Oar of {everal forts, viz. of Tin, Iron, and Copper, whereof feveral trials have been made by curioys Perfons there with good fuccefs.. _ The Soylis generally very rich, the Mould in many places black and rank, in- fomuch, that it is neceflary to Plant it firft with Indian Corn, Tobacco, or Hemp, before it is fit for English Grain ; under that is found good Loam, whereof has been made as good Brick as any in Europe: There ate ftore of Marfh-grounds for Mea- dows; great plenty of Marle, both blue and white; excellent Clay for Potsand Tiles: To conclude, there is nothing that can be reafonably expected, in a place lying in the fame Latitude with this, but what is either there found naturally, or may be procur’d by Induftry, as Oranges, Lemons, and Olives,ec. Weneed not here mention Indian Corn, (call’d Mayz) Peafe and Beans of feveral forts, being the peculiar produéts Planted by the Indians of that part of America. All forts of English Grain are now common there, and yield a great encreafe, as Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Peafe, Beans, exc. good Beer of Wheat or Barley Malt, after the English Mode, is made, even in the meaneft Families there, Some drink Beer of Indian Corn, others of the Stalks thereof, or of the Chipps of the Pockykerry- Tree, all which make a-fort of freth and pleafant Drink ; but the general Diet of the Country is now English, as moft agreeable to their Conftitutions, There are few able Planters there at prefent, but what are plentifully fupply’d with all forts of Summer and Winter Fruits ; as alfo of Roots and Herbs, of all forts out of their Gardens and Orchards, which they have Planted for their Profit as well as Pleafure: They have Pears, Apples, Plumbs, Peaches, exc. in great abun. dance, and as good as thofe of Italy ; fo are their Mellons, Pumpions, Apticocks, Cherries, Figgs, Pomegranates, wc. In fine, there is {carce any (Fruit or Root that grows in England, France, Spain, or Italy, but hath been try’d there, and profpers well. : j You may have there alfo Hemp, Flax, Pitch, and Tar, with little labor; the Soyl is apt for Hops, Rape-feed, Annice-feed, Woad, Madder, Saffron, ec. there may be had Silk-worms, the Country being ftor’d with Mulberry-trees, and the fu. perfluity of the Wood will produce Poteafhes. There is a great quantity of Syder made there at prefent, and as good as in any other Countrey; good Perry and‘ Quinceedrink is there likewife made in great plenty : The Ground doth naturally bring forth Vinesin great quantities, the quali- . ty Commodities which are, or may be pro- cur'd by ins duftry, oe AMEE ROT CS Chap. It ty whereof being fomething corrected by Induftry, (as there have been feveral trials thereof already madethere) may no doubt produce good Wine, to the great ene couragement and advantage of the Undertakers. . | Brave Ships may be buile there with little charge, Clab-board, Wainfcot, Pipe- ftaves, and Mafts for Ships, the Woods will afford plentifully ; fome {mall Vef- fels have been already built there : In fine, Beef, Furrs, Hides, Butter, Cheele, Pork, and Bacon, to Tranfport to other Countreys, are no {mall Commodities,: which by Induftry, are, and may be had there in great plenty, the English being al- ready plentifully ftock’d with all forts of Cattel and'Horfes, and were there no other Staple-Commodities to be hop’d for, but Silk and Linnen (the materials of which apparently will grow there) it were fufficient to-enrich the Inhabitants. But the general Trade of Mary-land at prefent depends chiefly upon Tobacco, it being the Planters greateft concern and ftudy to ftore himfelf betimes with that Commodity, wherewith he buys and fells, and after which Standard all other Commodities receive their Price there; they have of late vented {uch quantities of that and other Commodities, that a hundred Sail of Ships from England, Barbadoes, and other English Plantations, have been ufually known to Trade thither in one Year; infomuch, that by Cuftom and Excize paid in England for‘Tobacco and: other Commodities Imported from thence, Mary-land alone at this prefent, hath by. his Lordfhips vaft Expence, Induftry, and Hazard for many years, without any charge to the Crown, improv'd His Majefties,the King of Englands Revenues,to the value of Forty thoufand Pounds Sterl. per annum at leaft. The general way of Traffick and Commerce there is chiefly by Barter, or Ex- change of one Commodity for another; yet there wants not, befides English and other foraign Coyns, fome of his Lordfhips own Coyn, as Groats, Sixpences, and Shillings, which his Lordfhip at his own Charge caus'd to be Coyn’d and difpers'd throughout that Province ; ‘tis equal in finenefs of Silver to English Sterling, being of the fame Standard, but of fomewhat lefs weight, and hath on the one fide his Lordfhips Coat of Arms ftamp’d, with this Motto circumf{crib’d, Crefcite ~~ Mul- tiplicamini, and on the other fide his Lordthips Effigies, circum{crib’d thus, Cecilins Dominus Terre-Maria, &c. The Govern: The Order of Government and fettled Laws of this Province,is by the Prudence iii and endeavor of the prefent Lord Proprietary, brought to great Perfection ; and as his Dominion there is abfolute (as may appear by the Charter aforemention’d) fo all Patents, Warrants, Writs, Licenfes, Actions Criminal, we. Iffue forth there in his Name 2 Wars, Peace, Courts, Offices, éxc. all in his Name made, held, and ap- pointed. | Laws are there Enacted by him, with the advice and confent of the General Af- fembly, which confifts of two Eftates, namely, the firft is made up by the Chans cellor, Secretary, and others of his Lordfhips Privy-Council, and fuch Lords of Mannors, and others as fhall be call’d by particular Writs for that purpofe, to be Iffu’d by his Lordfhip: The fecond Eftate confifts of the Deputies and Delegates of the refpective Counties of the faid Province, elected and chofen by the free voice and approbation of the Free-men of the faid re{pective Counties. The Names of the Governor and Council in this prefent Year 1671. are as fol- loweth, Mr. Charles Calvert, his Lordfhips Son and Heir, Governor ; Mr. Philip Cale vert, his Lordfhips Brother, Chancellor ; Sir William Talbot Baronet, his Lord{fhips Nephew, Secretary ; Mr. William Calvert, his Lordfhips Nephew, MuftersMafter- General, Mr. Jerome White, Surveyor-General; Mr. Baker Brooke his Lordfhips Ne- phew ; Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. Elenry Courfey, Mr. Tbemas Trucman, Major Edward Fits-Herbert, Samuel Chew Ef ' | His re a ae : - a ee ae ee. ‘Chap. II. AMER TCA His Lordfhip, orhis Lieutenant there for the timé being, upon due occafion, Conyenes, Prorogues, and Diflolves this Affembly . but whatfoever is by his Lordfhips Lieutenant there, with the confent of both the faid Eftates Enagted, is there of the fame Force and Nature as an A& of Parliament is in. England, until his Lordfhip declares his dif-aflent; but fuch Laws as his Lordfhip doth affent unto, are not afterwards to be Alter’d or Repeal’d bur by his Lordfhip, with the confent _of both the faid Eftates, 8! _ Their chief Court of Judicature is held at St. Muries Quarterly every Year, to which all Perfons concern’d refort for Juftice, and is call’d The Provincial Court, whereof the Governor and Councilare Judges: To the Court there doth belong fe- veral {worn Attorneys, who conftantly are prefent there, and ad both as Bartifters and Attorneys ; there are likewife chief Clerks, Bayliffs, and other Officers, which duly attend the Court in their relpective places. The Province is divided at prefent, fo far as it is inhabited by English, into Counties, whereof there be ten, viz, St. Maries, Charles, (Calvert, Anne Arandel, and Baltemore Counties, which firft five lie on the Weft fide of the Bay of Chefapeack, on the Eaftern fide whereof, commonly call’d The EufterneShore, lies Sommerfet, Dorche- jeer, Talbot, Cacil, and Kent Counties; which laft isan land lying near the Eaftern- fhore of the faid Bay. Befides the Provincial Court aforenam’d, there are other inferior Courts, ap- pointed to be held in every one of the Counties fix times in the year, for the dife patch of all Caufes, not relating to Lifeor Member, and not exceeding the value of three thoufand weight of Tobacco ; the decifion of all other Caufes being res ferv’dto the Provincial or higher Court beforeemention’d, and there lies Appeals from the County-Courts, to.the Provincial Court. There are Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officers appointed by the Lord and Proprietary, ot his Lordfhips Lieutenant for the time being, in the faid re{pective Counties; and without four Juftices, of which one to be of the Quorum; none of the faid refpedtive County-Courts can be held; any of his Lordfhips Privy Council may fit as Judge, in any of the faid County-Courts , by vertue of his place. | epi Thele Coutts are appointed to-be held at convenient Houfes in the {aid Coun- ties, Which commonly are not far diftant from fome Inn, or other Houfe of Enter- tainment, for accommodation of Strangers , “one of the {aid fix County Courts in each Cousty' is held for fettling of Widows and Orphans Eftates. ."Fhere are Foundations laid of Towns, more or le{S in each County, according to his Lordfhips Proclamation, to that effec Iffu’d forth in the year 1668. In Cal- vert County, about the River of Patuxent, and the adjacent Cliffs, are the Bounds of three Towns:laid out ; one over againtt Point Patience, call’d Harvy Town, another in Battel-Creck, call’d Calverton, and a third upon the Cliffs, call’d Herrington, and Hou- fes already built in them, ‘all uniform, and pleafant with Streets, and Keys on the Water fide. In the County of St. Maries, on the Eaft fide of St, Georges River, isthe principal and original Seat of this Province, where the general Affembly, and Pro- vincial Courts are held, and is call’d St. Maries, being erected into a City by that Name, where divers Houfes are already buile: The Governor hath a Houfe there call’d St. Jobn’s; the Chancellor Mr. Philip Calvert, his Lordfhips Brother, hath ane other, and in this place is built and kept the Secretaries Office, where all the Re- cords are kepr, all Piocefs, Grants, for Lands, Probates of Wills, Letters of Admi- niftration are iffu’d out: the Plat of a Fort and Prifon is lately laid there; upon a — point of Land, term’d Windmil-Point, ftom a Windmil which formerly ftood there, . | the 189 OF the Indi- ans in Mary- land, AMERICA. | ry “Chap. I the fituation is proper, for that it commands the breadth of the faid River of Saint Georges; fo that when it is finifh’d, all Shipping may fafe ly Ride before the Town, without the leaft fear of any fudden Aflault, or Attempt of Pirats or other Enemy whatfoever. This City has formerly been the ufual place of abode for his Lord- fhips Lieutenants, and their Retinue ; but of late years the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles Calvert, hath buile himfelf a fair Houle of Brick and Timber, with all Out-houfes, and other Offices thereto belonging, at a place call’d Mattapany,near the River of Patuxent beforesmention’d,where he.and his Family refide,being a pleafant, healthful,and commodious Seat,about eight Miles by Land diftant from St.Maries. The Indians in Mary-land area People generally of ftreight, able, and well pro» portion’d Bodies, fomething exceeding the ordinary pitch of the English,their Coms plexion Swatthy, their Hair naturally long and black, without Curle, which gee nerally they cut after fome ftrange Fantaftical Mode; nay, fometimes they Dye it with red and other prepofterous Colours: They Liquor their Skins with Bears Greafe, and other Oyls, which renders them more tawny, and lefs apt to receive - injury from the Weather : They are fubtile from their Infancy, and prone to learn any thing their Fancy inclines them to, in other things flothful. There are as many diftin& Nations among them as there are Indian Towns, (which are like Countrey-Villages in England, but not fo good Honfes) difpers’d throughout the Province + Each Town hath its King (by them term’d Werowance) and every forty or fifty Miles diftance differs much from its Neighbors in Speech and Difpofition: The Sa/quahanocks, though buc few in number, yet much exceed the reft in Valor, and Fidelity to the English; the reft being generally of a more Treacherous Spirit, and not fo ftout, and the number of the English do already ex- ceed all the Indians in the Province. The Werowance is aflifted by Councellors, call’d Wifoes, who are commonly of . ~~ the fame Family, and are chofen at the pleafure of the Werowance : They have Cap- tains in time of War which they term Cackoroofes. «- - | | Mok of their Governments are Monarchical, (except the Sa/quabanocks, which is a Re-publick) but for fucceffion they have a peculiar Cuftom, that the Iffue of the Males never fucceed, but the Iffue-Male of the Female fucceed in Government, as the furer fide: They all fubmit to, and are proteéted by the Lord Proprietaries Government; and in cafe of any Affaule or Murder, committed on any Englifh, the Party offending is try’d by the Laws of the Province , and in cafe of any new Ele- &tion of King or Emperor among them, they prefent the Perfon fo Eleéted to the Governor for the time being, who as he {ees caule, either alters or confirms their Choice. | In the Year 1663.at the Indians Requeft, the prefent Governor Mr. (Charles Calvert, and fome others of his Lordfhips Privy-Council there, went to Pafcatoway, in this Province, to be prefent at the Eleétion of a new Emperor for that Nation: They prefented a Youth nam’d Nattawaffo, and humbly Requefted to have him confirm’d Emperor of Pafcatoway, by the Name of Wabocajfo ; which after fome charge given them in general, to be good and faithful Subjects to him, the Governor according ly did, and receiv'd him into his Protection. 2+ vel They pay great Refpect and Obedience to their Kings and Superiors, whofe Commands they immediately Execute, though with an apparent hazard of theit Lives. | 70 The Mens chief employment is Hunting, and the Wars, in both which they commonly ufe Bowes and Arrows ; fome of late have Guns and other. Weapons, by a private Trade with fome Englifh Neighboring Plantations ; They are excel: ; 7 . lent *% Chap. Il. | AMERICA. lent Marks-men, it being the onely thing they breed their Youth:to : The Women’ Plant and look after the Corn, make their Bread, and drefs what Provifions their Husbands bring home. Their way of Marriage is by agreement with the Womens | Parents or Friends, who fora certain Sum of their Money, or other Goods, deliver her to the Man at a day appointed, which is commonly fpent in jollity. — There are two forts of Indian Money, Wampompeage and Roanoack, thefe ferve among them as Gold and Silver do in Europe, both are made of Fith-fhells, which they ftring like Beads; Wampompeage is the largeft Bead, fixty whereof countervails an Arms length of Roanoack, which is valued at fix Pence Sterling; with this they purchafe Commodities of the Englifh, as Trading-Cloth, ec. of which they make themfelves Mantles, which is fomething fhaggy, and is call’d Dutch Duffels ; this is their Winter Habit ; in Summerthey onely wear a narrow flip of the fame to cover thofe parts, which natural modefty teaches them to conceal ; the better fort have Stockings made thereof, and pieces of Deer-Skin, ftitch’d together about their Feet in ftead of Shooes : The Womens Apparel is the fame, but thofe of the beft Quality among them bedeck themfelves with Wampompeage or Roanoack, or fome other toy. Their Houfes are rais'd about the height of a large Arbor, and cover’d with Barks of Trees very tite, in the middle whereof is the Fireplace, they lie generally upon Mats of their own making, plac’d round the Fire, a Woodden-bow!] or two, an Earthen Pot, and a Mortar and Peftle, is their chiefett Houfhold-ftuff; he that hath his Bowe and Arrows, or Gun, a Hatchet, and a Canoo, (a term they ufe for Boats) isin their minds rately well provided for; each Houfe contains a diftiné Family, each Family hath its peculiar Field about the Town, where they Plant their Corn, and other forts of Grain afore-mention’d. * | They are courteous to the Englifh, if they chance to fee any of them coming to- wards their Houfes, they immediately meet him half-way, condué& him in, and bid him welcome with the beft Cates they have: The Englifh giving them in like manner civil Entertainment, according to their Quality. ~The Werowance of Patuxent having been Treated for fome days at St. Maries, by the then Governor, Mr. Leonard Calvert, his Lordfhips Brother, at his firft coming thither to fettle that Colony, took his leave of him with this Expreffion, I love the Englifh fo well, that if they fhould go about to kill me, if bad fo much breath as to fpeak, I would Command my People not to revenge my death ; for I know they would not do fuch a thing, except it were through my own default. ‘ith In Affairs of concern, they are very confiderate, and ufe few words in:declaring their intentions ; for at Mr. Leonard (alverts firft arrival there, the Werowance of Pafs catoway being ask’d by him, Whether he would be content, that the Englith [hould fit down in bis (ountrey ? veturn’d this anfwer, That he would not bid him go, neither would he bid him flay, but that he might -ufe bis own difcretion. ‘Thefe were their expreffions to the Governor at his firft entrance into Mary-land, whom then they were jealous of, whether he might prove a Friend or a Neighbor, but by his difcreet Demeanor to- wards them at firft,and friendly ufage of them afterwards,they are now become,not only civil, but ferviceable to the Englifh there upon all occafions. _ The Indians of the Eaftern fhore ate moft numerous, and were formerly very res fractory, whom Mr. Leonard Calvert fome few years after his firft fettling the Colo- ny, was forc’d to reduce, and of late the Emperor of Nanticoke, and his Men were defervedly defeated by the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles Calvert, who reduc’d him about the year 1668. which has fince tam’d the ruder fort of the neighboring Indi- ans, who now by experience, find it better to fubmit and be protected by the Lord | Proprietaries ) 191 Their Money, Manner of habitation, Civility to the English, AMERICA. Chapa Proprietaries Government, than to make any vain attempt againft hisPowere) Thele People live under no Law, but that of Nature and Reafon, which nots withftanding leads them to the acknowledgement of a Deity, whom they own to be the Giver of all good things, wherewith their Life is maintain’d, and to him they Sacrifice the firft Fruits of the Earth, and of that which they acquire by Hunt« ing and Fifhing: The Sacrifice is perform’d by their Priefts, who are commonly — ancient Men, and profefs themfelves Conjurers ; they firft make a Speech to their God, then burn part, and eat and diftribute the reft among them that are prefent;, until this Ceremony be ended, they will not touch one bit thereof; they hold the Immortality of the Soul, and that there isa place of Joy, and another of Torment after Death, prepar’d for every one according to their Merits, | They bury their Dead with ftrange expreffions of Sorrow (the better fort upon a Scaffold, erected for that end) whom they leave cover’d with Mats, and return when his flefh is confum’d to Interr his Bones ; the common fort are committed to the Earth without that Ceremony; but they never omit to bury fome part of their Wealth, Arms, and Houfhold:ftuff with the Corps. | Secr. ly. V irginia; | pis from ‘Norumbega to Florida, and containing New-England, New-York, Mary= land, and this part we are now about to Treat of, was by Sir Walter Raw- leigh term’d Virginia, in Honor of our Virgin-Queen Elizabeth) lies between Mary- land, which it hath on the North, and Carolina, which it hath on the South, from thirty fix, to near thirty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude; and with the reft of thofe Countries which were comprehended under the fame Denomination, was by the Encouragement, and at the Expence of the faid Sir Walter Rawleigh, firft Difco- ver'd (as fome fay) by Captain Francis Drake, for his many notable and bold Ex- rua Digove. ploits, afterwards Knighted by the Queen : But upon examination we find little e reafon to alcribe the firft Difcovery thereof to Sit Francis Drake, whole chief per- formances, from the time he firft made himfelf Eminent at Sea, were againft the Spaniards, and for the moft part in the Spanifh-Indies; as histaking of Nombre de Dios, - and Vinta Cruz, with an infinite mafs of Treafure; his taking of Santo Domingo in Hispaniola, and of Carthagena in CaStella Anna ; and that which feems to have given occafion of attributing to him the firft Difcovery of thefe parts, was his touching upon.the North part of the Ifle of California, where being nobly Entertain’d by Hioh, a King of that Countrey, and having a. Surrendry thereof made to him, in behalf of the Queen of England, he upon a Pillar erected, Infcrib’d the Arms of England, with the Queens Name and his own, and call’d the place Nova Albion : Certain indeed it is, that Sir Walter Rawleigh was the firft Promoter of this Difco- very; for, after Mr. Martin Forbifber had been fent by Queen Elizabeth to fearch for the North-Weft Paflage, which was in the year 1576- and for which he alfo was by the Queen advanc’d to Knight-hood, and nobly rewarded ; and Sir Humphrey Gilbert obtaining the Queens Letters Patents, for attempting a Plantation, had reach’d New-found-land (though perifhing in his return)he upon thefe Relations and Inducements undertook by others (for his employments would not permit him to go in Perfon) to gain Difcoveries to the Southward ; and accordingly in the year of our Lord 1584. obtain’d a Commiffion from the Queen, to difcover and Plant new -_* Situation of fee moft Southerly part of Virginia (for all that Tract of Land, reaching. Maw acoge “aac a en P aN] ; a4 A T QUANAC 2 => es ~ = eS = —_ wr Teer 5 -7f a ae Te : ee eae Gharcil. ' AMERICA. new Landsin America, not actually poflefs’ d by any Chriftizns,. who, with the aft — ftance of Sir ‘Richard Greenvil and others, provided two fall Barques, under the Command of Captain 6 Amidaj, and.Captain Arthur, Barlow, who fetting Sail the 27. of April, fell the 2* of July following with the Coaft af Florida, and made Difcovery of the Ifle of Wokokon, Roandack, and the Continent.of Wingandicaa, which they left ; and arriving in England about the midft of September. following, Her Ma- jefty apa the relation» of theig Dilcoveries, was’ pleas’d to call. this Countrey Virginia. April 9.1585. Sit Richard Greenyil, with feven Sail, and feveral Gentlemen, left Plymouth ; and on May 26. Anchor’d at Wokokon, but bios their firft Seat ar Raiinach on Augu/t 17. following, which lies in thirty Gx Degrees of Northerly Latitude, or thereabouts, where they continu’d till June. 1586. during which time they fil feveral Bitte vies in the Continent.and adjacent Iflands.; and being endanger’d by the treachery of the Salvages, return’d for England, and Tanded at Port/mouth on July 27: following. * Sir Walter Rawleigh and his Affociates, in the year 1586. fent a Ship to relieve that Colony, which had deferted the Countrey fome while before, and were all re- turn’d for England as is beforeemention’d. Some few days after they were gone, Sir Richard Greenvil, with three Ships, ar- riv’d at the Plantation at Roanoack, which he found Aaltyiad and leaving fifty Men thereto keep Poffeffion of that Countrey, return’d for England. _ The year following, Mr. Jobn White, with three Ships, came to fearch for the fifty Englifh at Roanoack, but found set not, they having been fet upon by the Na- tives, and dilpers’d fo, as no News could be heard of them, and in their room left a hecdred and fifty more to continue that Plantation. - In, Auguft 1589. Mr. John White went thither again, to fearch for the laft Colony which he had left there ;« but not finding them, return’d for England in Septemb. 6. 1590. This ill Succefs made all further Difcoveries to be laid afide, till Captain Gofnol on March 26. 1602. fet Sail from Dartmouth, and on May-11. following, made Land at.a place, where fome Bi/caners, as he gueliid ‘by the Natives information, had formerly fifh’d, being about the Latitude of forty eight Degrees Northerly hei tude; from hence putting to Sea,he made Difcovery of an. [fland which hecall’d Mar- thas Vineyard, and fhortly after of Elizabeth’s Ifle, and fo return’d for England, June 18. follawing. In the Year 1603. the City of Bri/fol rais’d a Stock, and furnifh’d out two Barques for Difcovery, under the Command of Captain Martin Pring, who about June 7. fell with the North of Virginia in the three and fortieth Degree, found plenty of good Fifh, nam’da place Whitfon- -Bay, and fo return’d. In the ane 1605. the Right Honorable Thomas Arundel the firft, Baron of War ‘der, and Count of the Roman Empire, fet out Captain George Waymouth, with twenty nine Sea-men, and neceflary Provifions, to make what Difcoveries he could; who by contrary Winds, fell Northward about one and forty Degrees and twenty Mi- nutes of Northerly Latitude, where they found plenty of good Fifh , and Sailing further, difcover’d an Ifland, where they nam’d a Harbor, Ratecaft Har bor, and on Fuly 18. following, came back for England. In the Year 1606. by the follicication of Captain Gofnol, and asiat Gentlemen, a Commiffion was granted by King James of Great Brittain, wc. fot eftablifhing a Council, to direé& thofe new Difco ; Captain Newport (a well practic’d Mar- riner) was intrufted with the Tran{portation of the Adventurers in two Ships, xX and a - °c. — SS - = — . ee - — ' ~ a : / i oe 1 je _ = se a a + 4 = se : = eee — ee - ———— — 7S ee — "AMERICA. Chap. II. and a Pinace, who on Decemb. 19. 1606. fet Sail from Black-wall, and were by Storm, contrary to expectation, caft upon the firft Land, which they call’d Cape _ Henry, at the Mouth of the Bay of (he/apeack, lying in thirty feven Degrees, or thereabouts, of Northerly Latitude: Here their Orders were open’d and read, and eight declar’d of the Council, and impowert’d to chofe a Prefident for a year, who with the Council fhould Govern that Colony : Till Ma 13. they fought a place to Plant in, Mr. Winkfield was chofe the firft Prefident , who caus’d a Fort to be vais’d at Powhatan, now call’d Fames-Town: In-June following, Captain Newport ree turn’d for England, leaving a hundred Men behind him; fince which time they have been fufficiently fupply’d from England, and by the indefatigable Induftry and Cou- rage of Captain Jobn Smith, (one of the Council at that time, and afterward Prefi- dent of the Colony) they made feveral Difcoveries on the Eaftern fhore, and up to the Headtof the Bay of Chefapeack, and of the principal Rivers which fall into the faid Bay.’ | Virginia being thus Difcover’d and Planted, King James by his Letters Patent beating Date April 10. in the fourth year of his Reign, 1607. Granted Licence to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Summers, and others, to divide themfelves into two fee veral Colonies, for the more fpeedy Planting of that Countrey, then call’d Virgie nia, between the Degrees of thirty four and forty five of North Latitude, that is to fay, taken in that large extent, mention’d in the beginning : The firft Colony to be undertaken by certain Knights, Gentlemen, and Merchants, in, and about the City of London : The fecond to be undertaken, and advanc’d by certain Knights, Gentlemen, and Merchants, and their Aflociates, in, or about the City of Briftol, Exon, Plimouth, and other parts. | Acthe firft Colonies Requeft, in the feventh year of the fame King, a fecond Patent was Granted to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen, (including Sir Thomas Gates, and fome of his former Fellow-Patentees) bearing Date May 23. 1610. where- by they were made a Corporation, and Body Politique, and ftil’d, The Treafurer, and Company of Adventurers and Planters of the City of London, for the firft Colony of Vir- ginia : And by this Patent, there was Granted to them, their Succeflors and Af- figns, two hundred Miles to the Soéuthward, from a Cape of Land in Virginia, call’d Point Comfort ; and two hundred Miles to the Northward of the faid Cape,along the Sea-fhore, and into the Land from Sea to Sea. | And on March 12. 1612. the faid King, in the ninth year of his Reign, Grants them a third Patent, of all Iflands lying in the Sea, within two hundred Miles of che Shore of that Traét of Land on the Continent, granted to them by the {aid for. mer Patent, Jac. 7. ; a In the Year 1615. Captain Smith procur’d by his Intereft at Court, and the King’s Favor, a Recommendation from His Majefty, and divers of the Nobility, to all Cities and Corporations, to Adventure in a ftanding Lottery, which was erected for the benefit of this Plantation, which was contriv’d in fuch a manner, that of 100000. Pounds which was to be put in, 50000. oneiy, or one half was to return to the Adventurers, according as the Prizes fell out ; and the other half to be difpos’d of for the Promotion of the Affairs of Virginia, in which, though it were three years before it was fully accompfifh’d, he had in the end no bad Succefs. In the eighteenth Year of the faid King’s Reign, at the Requeft of the fecond Colony, a Patent was Granted-to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen, of all that Trad of Land lying in the parts of America, between the Degrees of forty and for- ty eight of Northerly Latitude, and into the Land from Sea to Sea, which was call’d by the Patent New England in America : For the better Government whereof, one Chap.. If. AMER IC 4. 195 one Body-Politick and Corporate was thereby appointed and ordain’d in Plymouth, confifting of the faid Noblemen, Gentlemen, and others, to the number of forty ‘ Perfons, by the Name of The Council eftablifh’d at Plymouth in the County of Devon, for the Planting, Ruling, Ordering, and Governing of New England im America. The Mifcarriages and Mifdemeanors of the aforefaid Corporation for the firft Ween Colony of Virginia, were fo many and fo great, that His faid Majefty was forc’d, made void. in or about Oétober 1623. to dire& a Quo Warranto, for the calling in of that former Patent, which in Trinity Term following was legally Evine'd, Condemn’d, and made Void, by Judgment in the Court of thethen Kings-Bench; as alfo all other Patents, by which the {aid Corporation claim’d any Intereft in Virginia. Thus this Corporation of the firft Colony of Virginia was diffolv’d, and that Plantation hath been fince Govern’d and Difpos’d of by Perfons Conftituted and Impower’d for that purpofe from time to time, by immediate Commiffions from the Kings of England. ° Dt In the Year of our Lord 1631. the Right Honorable George Lord Baltemore obs The Patent tain’d a Grant of King Charles the Firft of Great Britain, exc. of part of that Land to gramcd ‘ the Northward, which is now call’d Mary-land ; but this Patent of Mary-land was Batten ro, not perfected till 1632. as you may underftand more fully by the precedent Dif- courfe of Mary-land,. which by exprefs words in the faid Patent is feparated from, and thereby declar’d not to be reputed for the future, any part of Virginia, And in the fifteenth Year of che Reign of King Charles the Second of Great Bri: The Patent tain, ec, on March 24. 1663. Edward Earl of Clarendon, then High-Chancellor of granted to England, George Duke of Albemarle, William, now Earl of Craven, Jobn Lord Berkley, bie Peston Anthony Lord Afbley, Sit George Carterett Knight and Baronet, Sir William Berkley Knight, and Sir John Colleton Knight and Baronet, obtain’d a Patent from His Ma- jefty, of the Province of Carolina, which liesto the Southward of Virginia, in which is included {ome part of that Land which formerly belong’d to the faid diffolv’d Company of Virginia. Sothat Virginia at prefent extendeth it felf onely, and is fitu. ated between thirty fix and thirty {even Degrees and fifty Minutes, or thereabouts, of Northern Latitude, and is bounded on the North, by Marysland ; on the South, by Carolina; on the Eaft, by the Ocean ; and on the Weft, by the South-Seas, The Entrance by Sea into this Countrey is the fame with that of Mary. land, bee _ tween Cape Henry and Cape Charles, plac’d on each fide of the Mouth of the Bay of Chefapeak ; on the Weft fide whereof you firft meet with a pleafant and commodi- eis ous River call’d James-River, about three Miles wide at its Entrance, and Naviga- ble a hundred and fifty. | | Fourteen Miles from this River Northward lies York-River, which is Navigable fixty or feventy Miles, but with Ketches and fall Barques thirty or forty Miles * farther, Pafling hence tothe North you difcover a third ftately River, call’d Rappabanock, which is Navigable about a hundred and thirty Miles - from whence following the Shore to the North you enter into Patomeck-River, which is already defcrib’d in _ the precedent Difcourfe of Mary-land, to which Province this River belongs, whofe _ Southerly Bank gives Bounds to that part of Virginia and Marysland. To thefe Rivers many other Inland Branches and Rivulets are reduc’d, the chief of which are hereafter fj pecifi'd. | | The Countrey is generally even, the Soil fruieful, the Climate healthful, and np eS agreeable with English Conftitutions, e{pecially fince the increafe of Inhabitants, and accommodation of good Diet and Lodging, which che firft Planters found great want of heretofore. For many years, till of late, moft New-comers-had the ) eee fick _ AMERI oh ; Chap. IT. Gift Year in July and Augu/t, a Difeafe whichis call’d A Seafoning, whereof many _ died, like to what is mention’d before in the Defcription of Mary-land, though’ more mortal aid common than in Mary-land, becaufe Virginia is a lower Countrey, and fomewhat hotter, infomuch that formerly divers ill of that Diftemper have come purpofely from Virginia to Marysland, to recover their Health ; but now, fince the Countrey is more open and clear from Wood, few die of it, and many have no Seafonings at all. | i i 3: This Countrey affordeth generally all fuch Roots, Herbs, Gums, and Balfoms, as are exprels'd before in the Relation of Mary-land. All forts of Trees for Building and Husbandry; Fruit-Trees, Vines, oc. are found in both Countreys, equal in goodnefs.and quantity, ‘onely in fuch things as _ require more! Sun, and that may be produc’d by Induftry) there may be fome little difference, becaule Virginia is fomewhat more to the Southward of Maryeland, as in Vines, Oranges, Lemmons, Olives, Silk, ec. sik-Gat. There is a Plant grows naturally in this Countrey, and in Marysland, call’d Silke Grafs, which will make afine Stuff with a filky Glos, and better Cordage than. / Hemp or Flax, both forftrength and durance. ‘The wild Beats, Birds, and Fith, are much'the fame alfo in this Countrey as are before defcrib’d in the precedent Defcription of Mary-land : ‘Neverthelefs we fhall think it proper not to omit fome Fruits, Plants, Beafts, exc. mention’d by the moft. Fruits pec authentick Defcribers of New England, ias peculiar to that Countrey. The Fruits gin, are, their Putchamines, which are a kind of Damfons ; Meffamines, a kind of Grapes ; Chechinguamins, a forvof Fruitrefembling a Chefnut ; Rawcomens, a Fruit refembling a Goofe-berry ; Macoguer,a'kind:of Apple : Mettaquefunnauks, a fort of Fruit refems bling hikian Figs ; Morococks, refembling a Straw-berry, befides a Berry which they call Ocoughtanamnis, fomewhat like to Capers. of AQ | | Their peculiar Rootsare Tockawaugh, good to eat ; Wichfacan, of great vertue in healing of Wounds 5! Pocones, good to affwage Swellings and*Aches ; Mu/quafpen, wheréwith they Paint their Targets and Mats. Alfo they have in great requeft a Pulfe call’: Affentamen, andthe Plant Mattouna, of which they make Bread. ; Bealls. Their peculiar Beafts are, the Aroughena, refembling a Badger ; the Affapanick or Flying -Squerril; Opaffum, a certain Beaft having a Bag under her Belly, wherein fhe carrieth and fucklech het. Young ;° Muffafcws, which fmelling ftrong of Musk, re- fembleth a WatersRat; Utchunquois, a kind of wild Cat. | Their peculiar Fifh are Stingrais. ; On the Weft fide of the Bay of Chefapeak, between Cape Henry and the Southerly ' Bank of the River of Patomieck, arethree fair Navigable Rivers, as is before men- Rivuce, won’d, into which the other {mall Rivulets fall; which here we will give fome ace count of, as alfo of the Indian, or antient Names by which thefe three principal Ris yers were formerly known. Thefirft whereof is Powhatan (now call’d Fames-River) according to the Name of a large ‘and confidetable Territory that lieth upon it. The Rivers that fall into this Southward, are “pamatuck ; Eaftward, Quiyonycohanuc, Nanfamund, and Chefopeak ; and: Northward, Chickamabania: Hf The fecond Navigable River is Pamaunkee, by the Englifh now term’d York-River'. The Rivulet that falls into this is Poyankatanck. | . The third (which isbefore defcrib’d, and ufually known by the Name of Rap _ pahanoc) was formerly term’d Toppabanoc. : This we thought fit bere to infert, to the endno colour of miftake might remain to after Ages concerning the derivation or original change of fuch proper Names, efpecially being Places of great advantage to the Colony. ‘ . - The Chap. II. AMERIC A. 197 The chiefeftof thofe Tribes or Divifions of People among the Indiz Several Peo- ms-tliat were by Name known tothe Englifh at their firfearrival, were ees uponthe- River Poubatanthe Keconr tansy the Pdpabeves: Con whole oe" Mandsfeateds fames-Town) the W cAnocks, Ve the ‘Appame- tycks, thie NC anfamunds, the Chefapeacks ;&c.'On thé River Pamaun hee; arethe Youngtanunds, the Mattapaments,’ &c. On'the River Toppaha. noc; the Manahoacks, the Moraghtacunds, and the Cuttatawontens. On the River Patawomek, the W i bicconsdaie: the Onammantents ; and the Mboyanances.' On the River’ Pawtuxunt ; the Acguintatfaacs, the Paw- ruxuntsyand the’ Matapunents.On the River Bows the Safqnefahanoes: Southward from the Bay, the Chawonocks, the Miangoacks, the Mona- cans, the Mannahocks, the Mafawomeks; the Atquanabucks, and the Kuf- carawaocks, befidesia number not material to be nam'd , as having had little of Tranfaction thatwe hear of with the Planters. w >| Fhenumber of Englifh \nhabitants in this Country are in this pre- Nomber of fent Year:1671. about: thirty or forty thoufand, who are plentifully — ftock'd with all forts of tame'Cattel; ‘as Cows, Sheep, Hortles, Swine, ereiand all forts of Englifh Grain »’ seat ftore of brave Otchards for Fruit; whereof they make great quantities of Cyderand Perry. > They have been much oblig’d by that worthy Gentleman Mr. Ed- ward Digges, Sonof Sir Dadléy Di ges, who was Matter of the Rolls; anda Privy Councellorto King Charles the Firft,of Great Britain, (c: Forthe faid'Mr. Digges athis great Charge and Indaftry, hath very much advanc’d the making of Silk inthis Countrey, for which pur- pofeihe hath fent for feveral/Perfons out of Armenia to teach them that Art cand how to wind it off the Cods of the Silk-wormis ; and ‘hath madévat his‘own Plantation in thisColony for'fome years laft palt, corifiderable quantities of Silk, which 18 found to be as good Silk as‘a> ny‘isin the W orld; which hath encourag'd divers others to profecute that Work. | : a «2 Phoughthis Countrey be capable of producing many other good Riri ies si Commodities, yet the Planters have hitherto imploy’d themfelves for Firginis. the smoft :part.in Planting of Tobacco, as they do in Mary-Land whereof je are two forts, one which ts call'd Sweet_/cented, and the other call’d Oranoack, or Bright and Large; which is much more in quantity, but of leffer price than the formér ; and the Plantations up- on’ York ‘River are efteem’d to produce’ the beft of that fort of Sweet- Sfeented:T here ts fo much of this Commodity Planted in-Virginia,and Imported from thence into England, that the Cuftom and Ex¢ifé paid in England for it, yields the King about fifty or threefcoré thoufand Pounds Sterling, per annum : With this Commodity the Planters buy of the Ships that come thither for it (which are above a hundred Sail ycarly from England, and other Engli/h Plantations) all Neceffaries of Clothing,and other Utenfils of Houthold_-ttuff, xc. which they want, though they make fome Shoes, and Linnen and: Woollen Cloth in fome Parts of Virginia, of the growth and Manufacture of the Coun- trey ; and if they would'Plant lefs Tobacco (as it is probable they will ere long find it convenient for them to do, it being now grown rtde 3 xX 3 0 4 AMERICA. Chap. II. of very low value, by reafon of the vat quantities planted-ofie) they might in time provide themfelves all Neceflatiesof Livelyhood, ranch, roduce richer and more Staple-Commrodities forthéir Advantages: Their ufual way of Trafique in buying and-fellingis by exchange.of one Commodity for another;and.T obaccos the general Standard, by. which all other Commodities receive theitwalue; butthey:have fome, Englifh an d foreign Coyns, which ferve them. upon man roccafionsany ~The Government is by, a Governor and Council, Appointediand Authoriz’d from time. to time, by immediate (Coin miffion-fromthe King of Great Brittain: And Laws are made by the Governor, wath: the confent’ofia General Affembly, which confifts.of two Houfes, ant Upperand a Lower; the firft confilts of the Countiljand the latter of the Burgeffes chofen.by the Freemen of the Countrey,;)-and ‘Laws fo, made are in Force till His Majefty thinks fitto alterthemss. 1) io sist! . ‘The chief Court of Judicature is call'd The Quarter-Court, becatife wiljtis held every quarter of a Year, whege.all GaufesiCriminaland Ci- vil are heard and determin’d, and the Judges of this Court arethe. Go- vernor and Council? The prefent Governorimthis Year 1671.0is Sir William Berkley, who was made Governor by King Charles the Firft,of Great Brittain, &c..1n the Yeari640. And thofe ofthe Council are Sir Henry Chichefly,. whois one of the greateft and moft. confiderable Planters there, and, Mr. Edward Diggs before-mention’d,) Mr. Zhomas Ludwel Secretary, Major-General Kobert Smith, and diversiotheriwore thy Gentlemen. : ; ~~ l~e 423 ‘That Part of the Country where the Englifh are Planted,is divided. into nineteen Counties, viz. AN orthampton-County,in:Acomack,,on the Eaftern hore ; and'‘on the Weltern fhore ,, Corotucky eiieoeieae 3 Noanfemund,Tfle of Wight,Surry,W arwick,Henerico, Fames, Charles, Yorks New-Kent, Glocefter, Middlefex, Lancafter; Norchumberland,W eftmorer land, Rappabanock, and Harford-Counties, ro WV apc In every,one of thefe Counties there areinferior Gounty-Gourts kept every Month, thefe take no Cognizance of Caufes relating to Life or Member, or exceeding a certain limited Value,fuch being re- fer'd to the Quarter-Courts only, to which likewife there lie Appeals from their! nferior Courts... | por qo oeneltenO Slices she There are Sherifts, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officersinevery refpective County, appointed by the Governor, for the Adminiltrati- on of Juftice, who fit there according to his Order, and whereof thefe ’ .. County-Courts are chiefly compos'd. Meter ice reels _ There.are few Towns as yet erected in’ this Colony; the Principal Seat of the Engli/h there, isat.a Place call’d, james-City,, in. Honor of King James of Great Brittain, &c. This is fituated in a Peninfula, on the North-fide of James R iver, and has init many fair Brick and _o- ther good Houfes: In this place are held the Quarter-Courts,General Affemblies, the Secretaries Office, and.all other Affairs-and, greateft Concerns of the Colony are here difpatch’d. On the fame fide; nearer the Mouth of this River,ftands Elizabeth-City, containing alfo feveral cood Houles of Brickand Timber. bait 2RoRes ‘ 3 Sir Chap: Il- AMERICA. Sir William Berkley, the prefent Governor refides at a place fomewhat diftant from Pames-City, call'd Green-fpring, a fair Brick Houfe, which he’ himfelfcaus’d tobe Built. -' pga 20.¥ 3 ~Thevothér Towns of Note belonging to the English are only Henri- copolis, or Feniy's-Town-Cfo nami'd from Prince Henry then livin built in a very ‘convenient place, more within Laid about eighty Miles di- ftant from Fames-City’) and ‘Dale’s-Gift, fo nam'd from Str J homas Dale Deptty-Governor of the Countrey, about the Year réto. 199 VT he Indians of Virginia far exceed thofe of Maryland, in’ Treachery | anid Cruelty'to the Engli/h there, as will appear by this following Ree | lation 6f their Proceedings towards them,fince the firft Seating of that Colony, wherein neverthélefsithe’Crvility offome particular Perfons at their firft Landing ts not to be‘omitted, ee ST i | TULpon'the fittarrival of Captain 4nizdas and Captain Barlow in Win- yAnddesd, now Vi irginia, they were accofted by Granganinieo (the King’s Byetkier of ‘that Countrey) who, attended with vrai n of forty or fif- Men} came in a very'civil manner to Treat about a Commerce of Trade and Vraffique, which immediatly began between them,and fe- véral Barters weremadeé': Granganimeo, who was very juft of his word, atid always kept his promus'd Day ofmeeting , fancying mofta Pew- ter Difh, gave twenty Deer-skins for it, and boring a Hole therein; hung it about his Neck fora Breaft-plate ; afterwards he, with his whole Comipany, and his W ife and Children, frequently and famili- aly did eat diid drink aboard the Englifh Ships the King himfelf call’d Wingina, lying fick at his chief Town, fix days Journy off, of a dange- yous Wrouittd which the had receiv’d from a neighboring King his mortal’ Eneimy.>Some’ of the Englifh going to Land upon the Ifle of Roanoick) were met by Granganimeo's Wife, who, her Husband being abfent;commanded her Servants fome to draw their Boat afhore,fomie torcatry them on their Backs to Land |, others to carry their Oars into the Houfe for fear*of ftealing ; and having caus'd a great Fire to be madé'to warm them, and todry thofe that had been wet in their Voi- _ age, fhe afterwards entertain’d them with a plentiful Feaft or Banquet aftér that Country fafhion ; and when they took alarm at the coming of two or three of her Men with Bows and Arrows, fhe caus’d the Bows to be broken,and the Men to be beaten out of the Houfe, befides {everal otlier demonftrations of extraordinary civility ; and when not withftanding ail thisthey could not be perfwaded to Lodg any where but in their Boat, fhe us’d all means imaginable to make them quit their Jealoufy, and accept of a Lodging in the Houfe. | Tranfacti- ons between the Englifh and the Na- tives, In the Year 1585. a Company that went over with Sir Richard Green- vil, burnt the Town of 4quafcogoc, for a Silver Cup that was ftoln by fome of the Indians, took Prifoner Menatonon, King of Chawonoc, who gave Relation of a King about three days Journy off, who poffefs'd an Yfland rich in Pearl, which was taken in adeep Water that invtron’d it. Going towards the Countrey of the Mangoacks (among whom in the Province of Chaunis Temaotan, they heard of a Mine of ftrange Copper call’d Waffador, with Skiko, the King of Chawonock’s Son and Manteo, 200 AMERICA. ‘Chap. II) Manteo, a faithful Salvage, for their Guide) they were treacheroufly dealt with by Wingina, alias Pemiffapan (tor fo, his Brother Grangam-,, meo being lately dead, he had alter'd his Name) who endeavor-dito, ftir up a Confederacy of the Chawonocks, Moratocks, and Mangoacks-a- gain{t them, yet by the urgent perlwafions, of An/fenore his Father, , the trueft Friend the Englifh had; after the death of Granganimeo, and; feeing them fafe return’dfi om their Journey,wherein hethoughrithey, had all perifh’d., aad efpecially upon, Menatonon's encangeulsi sngese to themwith Pearl, and Okifco King of W copomeock, to. yield himfel Vaflal to the Queen of England; his Hatred wasfomewhat,cgol dp but. Enfenore deceating foon after, he return’d to his old treacherous, P Ta-| ctifes again, and in che end, .while he was contriying Mifchief againfty the Platters, he himfelf was fhot, taken Prifoner, and beheaded. ..., ‘ After the Company left upon Virgimaby Sir Richard Greenvil, for he himfelf was return’d),tir'd out with hunger, hardfhip,.and thema., ny extremities they; were;at laftreduc’d to, had defertad the Placejand’ obtain’d pallaze for England, through the civility of Sir Francis Drake,, itying their diftre{s, fifty Men more were Landed upon Roanoack-I, les e the fame,Perfon,who how they were furpris'd.and.deftr oy'd by. this Nattyes, was difcover'd at large to the Supply that was fent overin the Year 1587. by Mr. White. : " rae - OQ Pith “993 A {mall Party under Captain Smith goingidown the! River, toy Keconghean,.were very fiercely aflaulted by fixty orfeyenty Indians, but ther Mufquet-fhot did fuch Execution amongftithem, that they. fled into. the W oods and left behind them the Image, of their Gody which had been scarry’d before them,as their Standard,/and,not long after fentyone ot their Queiongca/forks toiofter Peace, and to.redeem their Okee; which Swuth granting, on condition fix onely of them would come unarm’d and load his Boat with Provifions, ~h promifing-more over to become their Friend, and furnifh them with Beads, Copper, and Hatchets:. They accepted the Condition, and brought him Ve- nifon, Turktes, wild Fowl; Bread, and what elfe they had., Singing and Dancing in fign of Friendfhip till they departed,..cwgbiin silk eee In his next V oyage for. the difcovery of the Head of Chickamahania River, he was, through the negled of his Sea-men who were fentto watch the Booty, taken Prifoner ..ia which, condition he was kepra whole,Month: then being releas’d ,.he got Provifions forthe People in Fames-! own; which had they not timely.receiv'd, theythadallia- bandun'd the Place, and return’d to England. 2: ay : sel While Affairs ftood thus in a mean condition, Captain Newport ariving there with a Ship and fixty, Men to ftrengthen the Plantations, King Powe He went to Weromocomoco, where King Powhatan kept his Court, and mea found him fitting on a Bed of Mats,and an Embroider'd Leather Cur fhion, Cloth’d in Deer-skins ; ath:s Feet fata yonng Maiden, and on each fide of the Houfe twenty Concubines; his Head and Shoulders painted red,and a Chain of white Beads about his Neck. N ewportito oblige him, gave him an Englifh Youth for which he receiv'd Powha- tans Friend Mamontak; with whom returning, he found afad.accident, for a - oj Chap. dI. - AMERICA. _ forthe Fire had not onely burnt the Houles of the new Planters, but alfo the Pal- lifado’s about James-Town, made for a Defence againft the Enemies Affaults, and moft of their Store; which was fo much ‘the worle, becaufe it hapned in che Winter, and indeed had prov’d very fatal, had not a Ship, which was fuppos’d to be loft, happily arriv’d there with a confiderable quantity of Provifions. Whilft the Town was rebuilding Smith fer'Sail in an Open Barqie with fourteen Men, and difcover’dtwo Ifles before Point Charles; to which’ he’ gave his Name ; i then ram into the Inlet (hefapeack; inthe midft 6f which lay feveral Iflands, by the Sea-men call’d Ruffels. Before the River Wighcomoco they founda difturbed Sea, and more Northerly a Bay with freth and hot Water, and at laft he met with two Virgi- nians, which conducted the Englifh along a Creek to Onawmoment, where fome hun- dreds of them lay in Ambufcade, according:to Powhatan’s appointintht, to cut off Smith ; who leaping forth on aifudden appear’d like Devils, allipainced » but the Bullets flying about made them all run away. Smith,whofe Defign was onely to difs cover the:Countrey, and the Silver Mine of. Patawomeck, ten Leagues-up into thé Countrey, found the Metal to be of little value}: fo thatthe retiirn’d with: tittle Sucz ces, being newly cur’d of a poyfonous' Wound in the Atm, which was given him by a Fifh not unlike a Shark, whilft he lay aground ‘near Toppabanocks 0 8 » Awhile after being inform’d of Powhatan’s Defigh to deftroy the Engli/h, (though he had been lately Prefented by Newport with a Silver Bafin, 2 rich Chair, Bed, and Furniture belonging'to ic, with other things of value) he, to preventhim, chofe 201 James- Town urnt, Smith's Voya c. His remark- able Ex- ploits, forty eight out of two hundred Men which were Garrifon’d in JameseTiwn, then going to Werowocomoco, Landed with much trouble, the River being frozen above half a Mile from the Shore. | 7 | A German Soldier amongft Smith's Company giving private notice to Powhatan of the Defign of the Englifh, made his Efcape by ‘flight + But Smith going on to Pamaunke, found King Opechancangough with feven'hundted Men in Arms, threats ning a fierce Battel ; but Smith making dire&ly up to him, {et his Piftol on his Breaft, and forc’d him to lay down his Arms. Powhatan by this time provided with Swords-and Mufquets by two Dutch-men, alfo began to beftir himfelf afreth ; but his Intentions being too foon known, he was again quieted, and forc’d a {econd time to fend Smith a String of Pearl ; after which a Peace was concluded between - all the Natives and the Englifh. Many other Quarrels and Encounters there were inthe Infancy of the Planta+ tion between the Indians and the English, wherein it would be endlefs to recount all the Treacheries and Ambufcades of the Salvages, fome of which had prov'd very pernicious to the Planters, had they not been betray’d to Captain Smith by Poca- honta, King Powhatan’s Daughter, who upon all occafions fhew’d her felf a great Friend to the Bnglifh, having fav'd the Captain’s Life,when, being her Father’s Pri- foner, he was juft brought to Execution. | This Lady was afterwards brought into England, Chriftned by the Name of Rebekah, and Married to one Mr. Rolf, and died at Gravefend in an intended Voy- age back to her own Countrey. ee? ~ Nor did their Cruelties and Treacheries end when the Plantation came to be more fetled, for on the two and twentieth of March about the Year 1621. inthe time of Sir Francis Wyat’s Government, they generally combin’d to deftroy all the Englifh there; and carried on this devilifh Defign with fuch difiimulation and dex- terity, that in one day they cut off feven hundred Men, Women, and Children, there being at that time not above fifteen hundred in the Countrey. © Since which time, in the Year of our Lord 1643. there hapned another bloody Maffacre, 1a : ; fi if os ‘ t e'¢ sir | ¥ i 1 “) § » ‘ M4 f \ : j : : a? ‘) . e ty MM) ¢ ) : ' fy - a, ; 4 re ie) i= : at . * Sy a) ft Ant iS ' i OR | sak) <— tas! a a i Al vi ie ’ ie : : i” re se 4 A» | » ‘ os | AMERICA Chap. I. Maffacre, wherein near five hundred Englifh were in one Night miferably butcher’d by thofe barbarous and perfidious Salvages :. whofe Blood the prefent Governor, Sir William Berkley, nobly and juftly reveng’d the Year following, utterly deftroying ‘moft of them, and taking Prifoner their chief Emperor, Opichancono, who.died not long after in Prifon. | d Having given but a {mall hint, in its proper place,, of the Story of Captain Smith’s Imprifonment by Powhatan, and his deliverance from Death by Pocahonta ; we have thought not improper to referve che Story of it, being very. remarkable for a particular Relation, before we conclude our Defeription of Virginia, fince otherwife, we fhould have interrupted the Series of our former Difcourfe. The Relation of Captain Smith's being taken Prifoner by Powhatan, and of bis being deliver'd from Death by his Daughter Pocahonta. Ts Salvages having drawn from one George Caffen', whither. Captain Smith was gone, profecuting that opportunity, they follow’d him with three hundred BowesMen , conducted by the King of Pamaunkee , who in divifions, fearching the turnings. of the River, found two of his Men by the fire fide , whom they fhot full of Arrows, and flew. Then finding the Captain, who, as is faid, us’d the Salvage that was his Guide as his Shield, (three of them being flain, and others fore gall’d) the reft would not come neat him: Thinking thus to have return’d to his Boat, regarding ,them as _ he march’d, more than his way, he flipp’d up to the middle in an OfiersCreek, and his Salvage with him, yet durft they not come to him, till being near dead with cold, he threw away his Arms: Then according to theit compofition, they” ‘drew him forth, and led him tothe Fire, where his Men were flain; diligent- ly they chaf’d his benumm’d Limbs, he demanding for their Captain, they fhew’d him Opechankanough, King of Pamaunkee, to whom he gave a round Ivory double compa{s Dyal. Much they marvel’d at the playing of the Fly and Needle, which they could fee fo plainly, and yet not touch it, becaufe of the Glafsthat cover’d - them; but when he demonftrated by that Globe-like Jewel, the roundnefs of the Earth, and Skies ; the*Sphere of the Sun, Moon, and Stars, and how the Sun did chafe the Night round about the World continually ; the greatnefs of the Land and Sea; the diverfity of Nations, variety of Complexions, and how we were to them Antipodes, and many other fuch like matters, they all ftood.as amaz’d with admiration : Notwithftanding, within an hour after they ty’d him to a Tree, and as many as could ftand about him prepar’d to fhoot him; but the King holding up ~ the Compafs in his Hand, they all laid down their Bowes and Arrows, and ina triumphant manner led him to Orapaks, where he was after their manner kindly Feafted, and well us‘d. , Theit order in condugting him was thus ; Drawing themfelves all in Fyle, the King in the midft had all their Bowes and Swords borne before him. Captain Smith was led after him by three great Salvages, holding him faft by each Arm ; and on each fide fix went in Fyle with their Arrows nocked. But arriving at the Town (which was but onely thirty or forty Hunting Houfes made 0! Mats, which they remove as they pleafe, as we our Tents) all the Women and Children faring and gazing at him, the Souldiers firft all in Fyleawheel’d off to the Rear in good Order; on each Flank were Officers, like Serjeants to fee them keep their Poftures : A good time they continu’d this Exercife, and then caft themfelves in a Ring, Dancing in fuch feveral Poftures, and finging and yclling out fuch hellith Notes and Chap. If. AMERICA. , er ys | and Screeches; being Rrangely Painted, every one his Quiver of Arrows, and at his Back a Club; on his Arm a Fox or an Orters-skin, or fome fuch matter for his vambra ce; their Heads and Shoulders Painted red, with Oyl and Pocones mingled together, which Scarlet-like colour, made an exceeding handfome fhow; his Bowe in his Hand, and che Skin of a Bird with her Wings abroad dry’d, ty’d on his Head, a piece of Copper, a white Shell, a long Feather, with a fmall Rattle growing at the Tails of their Snaks ty’d fo it, or fome fuch like Toy. All this while Smith and the King ftood in the midft, guarded, as before is faid, and after three Dances they all departed. Smith they conducted to a long Houle, where thirty or forty tall Fel- lows did guard him, and e’re long, more Bread and Venifon was brought him than would have ferv’d twenty Men, ‘I chink his Stomack at that time was not ve- ry good ; what he left, they put in Baskets and ty’d over his Head. About mid- night they fet the Meat again before him ; all this time none of them would eat a bit with him, till the nexe Morning they brought him as much more, and then did they eat all the old, and referv’d the new as they had done the other, which made him think they would feed him for flaughter : Yet in this defperate eftate to fend him from the cold, one Maocaffater brought him hisGown, in requital of fome Beads and Toys Smith had given him at his firft arrival in Virginia. Two days after a man would have flain him (but that the Guard prevented it) for the death of his Son, to whom they conducted him to recover the poor man then breathing his laft. Smith told them, that at James-Town he had a Water would do it, ifthey would let him fetch it, butthey would not permit that; but made all the preparations they could to afflaule James-Town , craving his advice, and for res. compence he fhould have Life, Liberty, Land, and Women, In part of 2 Tables book he writ his mindto them at the Fort, what was intended, how they fhould follow that dire&tion to affright the meflengers, and without fail fend him fach things as he writ for, and an Inventory with them. The difficulty and danger, he % told the Salvages, of the Mines, great Guns, and other Engines, exceedingly af- frighted them, yet according to his Requeft they went to James-Town, in as bitter weather as could be of Froft and Snow, and within three days return’d with an Ans {wer. = ’ But when they came to James-Town, {€eing Men fally out as he had cold thém they would, they fled; yetin the night chey came'again to the. {ame place where he had told them they fhould receive anfwer, and fuch things as he had promis’d them, which they found accordingly, and with which they return’d with no {mall expedition, to the wonder of them all, fuppofing that he could either Divine,or the Paper could {peak : then they Jed him to the Youthtanunds, the Mattapanieuts, the Payankatanks, the Nantaughtacunds, and Onawmanients upon the Rivers of Rapabanock, and Patawomek, through intricate ways, and back again by divers other feveral Na- tions, to the Kings Habitation at Pamaunkee, where they entertain’d him with moft firange and fearful Conjurations. Not long after,early in the Morning, a great fire was made in along Houle , and a Mat fpread on each fide thereof, on the one they causd himggpfit, and all the Guard went out of the Houfe, and prefently there came skippifig in a great grim Fellow, all Painted over with Coal, mingled with Oyl ; and many Snakes and Welels-skins ftuff’d with Mofs , and all their Tails ty’d together, fo as they met on the Crown of his Head in a Taflel ; and round about the Taflel was a Coronet of Feathers, the Skins hanging round about his Head, Back, and Shoulders, and in a manner cover’d his Face, with a hellith voice, and a Rattle in his Hand. With moft ftrange geftures and paffions he began his Invocation, and environ’d the fire with a Circle of Meal, which | done, ee ee, = £v 4 , “ 7 - > —- = - —_ = aie == = — = + 7 - jen de = — - > - > — - ~ - ~~ = >> —_ - co SS 4 —_ a _ * Le i. “FAM ERICA. Chap. te done, three more fuch like Devils came rufhing in with the like antique Tricks, Painted half black, half red, but all their Eyes were Painted white, and fome red ftrokes like Mutchato’s, along their Cheeks : round about him thofe Fiends Dance’d a pretty while, and then came in three more as ugly as the reft, with red Eyes, and whice ftrokes over their black Faces-, at laft they all fate down right againft him, three of them onthe one hand of the chick Prieft, and three on the other; then all with their Rattles began a Song, which Sutdieds the chief Prieft laid down five Wheat Corns, then ftretching his Arms and Hands with fuch violence, that he fweat, and his Veins fwell’d, he began a fhort Oration : at the conclufion, they all gave a fhort groan, and then laid down three Grains more ; after that, began their Song again, and then another Oration, ever laying down fo many Corns as before, till they had twice incircled the Fire ; that done, they took a bunch of lit- tle Sticks, prepared for that purpofe, continuing ftill their Devotion, and -at the end of every Song and Oration , they laid-down a Stick between the Divifions of Corn: till night, neither he nor they did either eat or drink, and then they feas fted merrily, with the beft Provifions they could make : Three days they us’d this Ceremony, the meaning whereof they told him, was to know if he intended them well, orno. The Circle of Meal fignifi'd their Countrey, the Circles of Corn the bounds of the Sea, and the Sticks his Countrey. They imagin’d the World to be flatand round, like a Trencher, and they in the midft. After this they brought him a Bag of Gun-powder, which they carefully preferv’d till the next Spring, to Plant as they did their Corn, becaufe they would be acquainted with the nature of that ~ Seed. Opitchapam, the King’s Brother, invited him-to his Houfe, where, with as ma- ny Platters of Bread, Fowl, and wild Beafts, as did environ him, he bid him well- come, but not any of them would eat a bit with him, but put up all the remainder in Baskets. At his return to Opechancanoughs, all the Kings Women, and their Chil- » dren, flock’d about him for their Parts, as a due by Cuftom, to be merry with fuch Kragments. At laft, they brought him to Meronocomoco, where was Powhatan their Emperor. Here more than two hundred of thofe grim Courtiers ftood wondering at him, as e had been a Monfter ; till Powhatan aaa his Train had put themlelves in cele oreatelt Braveries. Reais a Fire, upon a feat like a Bedfted, he fit cover’d with a great Robe, made of Rarowcun- Skins: and all the Tails habsind by. On either hand did fit a young Maid, of fixteen or eighteen years of Age, and along on each fide the Houle, two rows of Men, and behind them as. many Women, with all their Heads aiid Shoulders Painted red ; many of their, Heads bedeck’d with the white Doun of Birds, but every one with fomething, and a great Chain of white | Beads about their Necks. At his entrance before the Emperor, all the People gave a great fhout. The Queen of Appamatuck was appointed to bring him Water to wafh his Hands, and another brought him a bunch of Feathers, in ftead of a Towel to dry them: Having Feafted him after their barbarous manner as well as they could, along confultation was held; but in conclufion, two great Stones being brought before Powhatan, as many as dould, laid Hands on him, dragg’diiim to them, and thereon laid hisHead, when being ready with their Clubs, to beat out his Brae Pocahontas, the Emperors deareft Daughter, {eeing no intreaty could prevail, got his Head in hed Arms, and laid her own upon his to fave him from death , whéteae the Emperor was einveritel he fhould live to make him Hatchets, ai her Bells, . Beads, and Copper; for they thought him a Man of all Occupations like thems felves; for the King himfelf will make his own Robes, Shoes, Bowes, Arrows,” Pots, Plant, Hunt, or do any thing as well as the reft. Two ~ ) a | | iy Owatchagua © ' od | NW Sy O Fhe" Gee 2 “al: ) . By Order of the at fj ( SS iy} Natocaie Cat G Crmolona oe’ © Salreanals Aicaman F © a Apallou S ' - Anacat ~ ea “i Francis 9 rouLow Satuota L frop- ee f oP ee? a i Te 8 ot ~ chota es OO FFF MMe . ll (i, y, a mise : Wi | : 4. Port Roya .! Cary Gland R. TrFase Si ~ > iM \ \ ‘ A i I, le Vv R ‘ bo th Sarteret Fae Loygs Palyit - Ss : fie ad vole | Mead, Soitixs > ape Carte ret . y ; / fr a fh : ” mig “ g = é Sis 8E ot?” fonta Pakec a) Lake my Eliz aborh, R Imhanen “I eal tai F ; i ! a : ' a * S| + h 7 Tpit « Nas a J ‘> + iF, F riko ty 7 : ee ny : a i" , ~ _- oe a . i oe -- SO eS ee aaa = ee? a eer alr Ss 4 ay — é ptt ‘ ——— ~ 3 | A oe AMERICA. | Chap. IT. Englifh (who are new Planted at Albemarle Pomt on Afhley River) made ufeto faften the . Gate of their Pallifado to, was folarge, that all who came from thence fay, they never faw any Oak in England bigger, which is but the ordinary fize of the Mul- berry-Trees of this Countrey, which is fo fure an Argument of the richnefs of the Soil, that the Inhabitants of Virginia enquiring of the Seamen who came from thence, concerning the Quality and Produé of the Countrey, when they were in- form’d of the large Mulberry-Trees it produc’d, were fo well fatisfi’d with it, that they made no farther Enquiry. There are alfo other Trees, as Afh, Poplar, and Bay, with feveral forts unknown to us of Europe; but thofe which make it almoft all one general Forreft of large Timber-Trees, are Oak, both red-and white, and Cedar. There arealfo here and there large Groves of Pine-Trees, fome a hundred Foot high, which afford a better fort of Maft than are to be had either in Mary- Land or Norway. Thefe larger Trees weaving their luxuriant Branches into a clofe Shade, fuffer no Under-wood to grow between them, either by their Droppings, or elfe the Heads of Deer which loofening all the tender Shoots, quite deftroy it;fo. that a great part of che Countrey isas it were a vaft Forreft of fine Walks, free from the heat of the Sun,or the incumbrance of Shrubs and Bufhes,and fo clear and open, that a Man may eafily ride a Hunting amongft the Trees, yielding a Profpecé very pleafant and furpaffing. On the Skirts of thefe Woods grow lefler Trees.and Shrubs of feveral forts ; amongft them are fundry Dying Materials, which how well the _ Inhabitants know how to make ufe of, appears in the DeereSkins that the chief of them wear, which are Painted, or rather Dy’d, with feveral lively Colours. But amongft their Shrubs, one of moft note and ufe is that whofe Leaves make their (afini, a Drink they frequently ufe, and affirm to be very advantageous for the pre- fervation of Health ; which, by the defcription our Bnglifh give of the fize, colour, and fhape of the Leaf, the fort of Tree irgrows,on,and the tafte, colour, and effects of the Drink, which is nothing but the Decodtion of the Leaf, feemsto be the very fame with the Fuft-India TEE, and by thofe who have feen and tafted both, af- firm’d to be no other, and may very probably be a {pontaneous and native Plant. of this Place, fince thofe who give us an account of it, tell us, that this fo much valu’d Leaf grows moft plentifully in Nanking, a Province in China under the very fame Latitudejand very much agreeing in Soil and Situation with this of Carolina. What Herbs elfe the Countrey produces, the Bnglifh Enquirers (who by minding their Plantations and Settlement there, have been taken off from fuch unprofitable A@tions) give us but little account, onely they fay, thatthofe Plats of Ground which have been formerly clear’d off by the Indians for the Planting their Corn, they found thick cover’d with threesleav'd Grafsand Dazies, which the fertility of the Soil thrufts forth, whenever the Natives remove their Tillage to fome other — place, and leave the Earth to its own produétion ; and in other parts they found plenty of Garden Herbs growing wild. The low and Moorifh Grounds are for the moft part overgrown with Sedge and Reeds, andifuch other Trafh, which ufu- ally incumbers rich and uncultivated Lands ; thofe they call Swam/fas, which with a little Husbandry would prove very good Meadows. There are alfo fome large and pleafant Savanas, or grafly Plains. ; Thefe are a part of the Trees and Plants beft known to us, that Nature of her felf produces, in a Soil which contrives and nourifhes any thing. The Englifh who are now Planted in the moft Northern parts of it, at Albemarle, bordering on Virgi- nia, have Apples, Pears, Cherries, Apricocks, Plumbs, and Water-Melons, equal. ling, and if you will believe the Inhabitants, both in largenefs of fize and goodnefs of tafte, exceeding any in Europe. And they who are Setled farther South on Ajbley | | River, Chap. i. — AMERICA. ; 169 | River, have found that. the Oranges, Lemmons, Pomegranates, Limes, Pome- citrons, exc. which they Planted there, have thriven beyond expectation: and there is nothing which they have put into the Earth, that through any defect in the Soil, hath fail’d to profper. Befides thofe things which ‘do ferve to fatishé Hunger, or ptovoke it, the Land argew doth with great return prodtice Indigo, Ginger, Tobacco; Corton, and othies Come Country. modities fit to fend abroad and furnifh foreign Markets; and when a little time fhall have brought thofe kind of Plants to maturity, ee given’ the Inhabitants leifure to furnifh themfelves with Conveniences for ordering thofe things aright, the Trials that they have already made of the Soil and its fitnefs for fuch Plan- _ tations, aflure you, that befides Silk, enough to ftore Ewrope, and a great many other confiderable Commodities, they fhall have as great plenty of good Wine and Oyl, as any part of the World. . The Mould is generally black; mellow, and upon handling feels foft, and (to ule their Expreffion who have »been there) foapy, andis generally all over the Countrey juft like the fine Mould of our well.order’d Gardens. Under this black Earth, which is of a. good thicknefs in moft places that they have try’d, there lies a Bed of Marle, and in fome parts Clay. The Rivers are ftor’d with plenty of-excellent Fith of feveral forts, which are tae fim and ken with great eafe in abundance, and are onegreat part of the Natives Provifion, ““"""" who are never like to wantthis Rectuit, in a Countrey fo abounding in large Rie vers, there being in that one. fmall Tra& between Port Rafal and Cape Carteret, which are not one Degree diftant, five or fix great Navigable Rivers, that empty themfelves into the Sea. Thefe Rivers are alfo cover’d with Flocks of Ducks and | Mallard, whereof millions are feen together, befides Cranes, Herons, Geefe, Cut- lews, and other Water-Fowl,- who are fo eafie to be kill’d, that onely rifing at the difcharge and noife of a Gun, they inftancly light again in the fame place, and pre- fently offer a frefh Mark to the Fowler. At the Mouths of the Rivers, and along the Sea-Coaft, are Beds of Oyfters, which are of a longer Make than thofe in Exrope, but very well ‘talted, wherein are often found good large Pearls, whichthough the unskilful Indians by wafhing the Oyfters do commonly difolaut. and {poil their luftre, yet *tis not to be doubted, but if rightly order’d, there will be found many of value, and the Fifhing for icin turn to fome account. Befides. the eafie Provifions which the Rivers and Seaafford, their Woods are well ftock’d with Deer, Rabbets, Hares, Turtle-Doves, Phefants, Partridges, and ‘an infinite numbet of Wood-Pigeons and wild Turkies, which are the ordinary Difhes of the Indians, whofe Houfe-keeping depends on their Fifhing and Hunting, and who have found it no ill way of Living in fo fertile a Countrey, totruft them- {elves without any labor or forecaft, to the Supplies which are there provided to their hands, without the continual trouble of Tillage and Husbandry. Befides, thefe Woods are fill’d with innumerable cepts of {maller Birds, as different in their Notes as Kinds. : The Temperature of this Province is agreeableto a Countrey, whofe Pofition y.,rersnine is on the warmer fide of the temperate Zone, but yet the Heat is not-fo fultry nor o' S offenfive, as in Places under the fame Latitude in the Old World , to which modera- tion of Heat, as wellas the healthinefs of it, the vaft Aslantich Ocean, lying toche _ Eaft and South of it, may perhaps not a little contribute, an inftance whereof fome think China to be ; to which defervedly admir’d Countrey Carolina exaGly an- fwers in its Pofition and Latitude, the trending from North-Eaft to South- Weft of its Coaft, and the lownefs of its Shore, and wants nothing but Inhabicants, to Y 2 make - AMERICA. Chap. i. make it equal, ifnot excell, in all conveniences of Life, as it doth in richnefs of Soil, that flourifhing Empire. The healthinefs of rhe Air is fuch, that ic is nor onely benign and favorable to the home-bred Indians, and CokRiriiniots accuftom’d to it, but the Englifh-men who firft Planted on Ajhley River, though for fome other Conveniences they Planted on the fide, or almoft middle of a Morafs, and were en- compafs’d with a falt Marfh, where the Air, pentup with Woods that furrounded them, had not that freedom it hath in open ned cultivated Countreys, yet loft not in a whole years time, of a confiderable number, any one Perfon, of any Difeafeto be imputed to the Countrey, thofe few that dy’d in that time finking under lin- gring Diftempers which they brought with chem, and had’almoft worn them out before they came thither. The Bermudians (who being accuftom’d to the pure Air other Place) affur’ d of the healthinefs of this Place, which isthe next Land to them, and under the fame Latitude, venture hither. And generally all the Englifh Planting in the Weft-Indies, are fo taken with the Convenienctes of this Countrey, which, as fome of the moft confiderable of the Englifh in thofe Parts fay of it, pros mifes all that the Heart of Man can wifh, that they fend the overplus: of chest Peo- ple hither ; to which the Inhabitants of Barbados, a skilful and wary fort of Plan- ters, well knowing i in all the parts of the Weft-Indies, have been found to remove the Hinds they could{pare. Asthe Summer is not intolerably nor offenfively hor, fo _ the Winter isnottroublefom nor pinching, but enough to correé& the Humors of Mens Bodies, the better to ftrengthen them, and preferve their Healths, and fo far to check the growth of Plants, that by this ftop they may put out more regularly, and the Com and other Fruits the becter ripentogether, and be ready feafonably ae the Harveft, the want whereof in fome Countreys hinders the beneficial Growth of feveral valuable Commodities,the continual Spring all the year long making that their Crops are never ready, their Trees being laden with green and ripe Fruit at the fametime, which is to be feen in the Vines growing between the Tropicks, where, shesagls they bear excellent Grapes, yet they cannot make any Wine; whileft the mixture of ripe and fowre Grapes uponthe fame Branch,renders them titty for | the Prefs, which from Grapes fo blended, though of a good kind, would fqueeze out a very crude and ufelefs Liquor. This alfo is the reafon why ‘many Parts where our Wheat will grow very well, do yet lofe the benefit of it, while the fe. - veral Ears ripening unequally, never make the Crop fit for the Sickle. But this Countrey hath Winter enough to remove that Inconyenience, and to put fuch a ftop tothe Rife of the Sap, and the Budding of Plants, as to make the feveral kinds of Fruits Bud and Bloffom in their diftiné& Seafons, and keep even pace till they are fit to be gather‘d. NawureCon 2 0 this happy Climate the native Inhabicants are very well fuited, a frong; Mamer of Aufty, and well fhap’d People, who to their well knit and aétive Bodies, want not tae ftout and vigorous Minds , they area People of a good Underftanding, well Hu- mos’d, and generally fo juft and Honeft, that they may feem to have no nétice of, as their Language hath no word for, Difhonefty and Cheating ; and the worft Name they have for ill Men is; that they are not good. They are a ftout and yas’ liant People, which appears in the conftant Wars they are engag’d in, not’ out of covetoufnels, and adefire of ufurping others Poffeffions, or to enrich cherhilehivée by | the Spoils of their Neighbors, but upon a pitch of Honor, and for the glory of Vi- ctory, which is their greateft joy, there being no parts of their Lives wherein they enjoy fo much fatisfaction, and give themfelves fo wholly to Jollity, as in their Triumphs after Victory. Valor therefore is the Vertue they moft efteem and reward, % vs 7 Re mor a e = - - —— Se oe —_— « 1.4 “ ~~ ll - < ——_ 2. pane, tiie i Caan mr ee * cart - _-— a - “ —— ~ et Se 4 —. eS > —~— =a “ : - _ + = = ’ — . Courage; which amongft fome is blacking the Skin below his Eyes with black Chap. H. AMER IC a. 209 reward, and he which hath behav’d himfelf well in the Wars, is fuffer’d to wear the Badges. of Honor, and is adyane’d beyond others with fome Marks of his Lead, in fafhion fomething of an Half-Moon ; which Mark of Courage is not fuf- fer’d to be worn by any, but thofe who by fome brave Adtion, as killing the Ene. my’s Leader, wc. hath fignaliz’d himfelf in their Encounters. They are faithful to their Promifes, fair and candid in their Dealings, and fo far from Difhonefty, that they want even the Seeds of ir, viz. Forecaft and Covetou{nefs; and he will be very little apt to deceive you to Day, who troubles not himfelf much about to Morrow, and trufts fomthe Provifions of the Day to the Day it felf; which pro- ceeds not in them for want of Wit, butdefire of Content and. Quiet, or by the hel p of their natural Reafon they enjoy that Happinefs which the Philofophers could not by their Study and Reading attain to, whileft thefe Men cut off thofe Defires which Learning couldnever help the other to Govern, and which if once permit- ted torun out beyond the prefent, are capable of no Reft nor Bounds. In their ‘Converfationthey are courteous and civil, and in their Vifits make Prefents to one another; when they meet, their way of Salutation is ftroaking on the Shoulders, and fucking in their Breath; and if he be a great Man whom they Salute, they ftroak his Thighstoo ; as civil an Addrefs, as thofe Patterns of good Breeding, the Hero’s, usd to their Princes, who in their greateft Courtfhips, we are told, ems brac’d theic Knees: After their Salutation they fit down, and it is ufual with them to fit ftillalmoft a quarter of an hour before they {peak, which is not aneffeé& of ftupidity or fullennefs, but the accuftom’d Gravity of their Countrey ; for they are in their Tempers a merry, frollick, gay People, and fo given to Jollity, thac they will Dance whole Nights together, the Women fitting by and Singing, whileft the Men Dance to their Ayrs, which though not like ours, are not harfh or unplea- fing, but are fomething like the Tunes.of the Difh: Sothat if we will nor let our felves too fondly admire onely the Cuftoms we have been bred up in, nor think Men are to be valu’d for making Legs after our Mode, or the Clothes they wear, which,the finer and gayer they are, always the more to be fufpected of Luxury and Effeminatenefs ; if we will allow but thefe Mento follow the Garbs of their own Countrey, and think them fine enough in a fhape onely to hide their Nakednefs _ before, ora Deer-skin hanging loofely on their Shoulders, and their Women not ill Drefs’d in Garments of Mofs, and Necklaces of Beads, whileft the Fafhion of their Courts require no other Ornaments ; if, I fay, along and pleafant Life, without Diftemper or Care, be to be valu’d, without the incumbrance of ‘unne- ceflary Trinkets; if Men areto be efteem’d for Valor, Honefty, Friendfhip, Hu- manity and good Nature, though Strangers to the ceremonious Troubles we are accuftom’d: to, the Natives of Carolina will as little, or perhaps lefs, deferve the Name of Miferable, or Salvage, as thofe that give itthem. *Tistrue, the French and Spaniards who have Planted amongft them, or with little Armies travell’d their Countrey, have been ill handled by them; but yet the Indians never didthem any harm, or treated them otherwife than Friends, till chofe Europeans by their breach of Faith and feyeral Outrages, had provok’d their juft Revenge ; and they did nothing but what moft vertuous and generous fort of Men are apt to do, to revenge thofe Affronts, which did not agree with their Tempers tamely to endure. That ' this did not proceed from treachery and inconftancy in theis Natures, is apparent in the contrary Correfpondence they have had with the Englifh Setled amongft them, to whom they have been all along very kind, as they were at firft very, cove- tous of their Company ; for after that fome of their King’s Relation had been at 7 = | ‘2 =i Barbades % 210 AMERICA: | Chap ih Barbados, and had feen and admir’d the Temper, Fafhions, and Strength of the Englifh there, and had been very civilly Treated in that Iland, they were fo well fatish’d with them, that at the coming of the Englifh vo Settlethere, the feveral litle Kingdoms trove with all the Arcs and Arguments they could ufe, each of them to draw the Englifh to Plancin theit Dominions, by commending the richnefs of their Soil, conveniency of their Rivers, the healthinefs of their Countrey, the difparages _ ment of their Neighbors, and whatever elfe they judg’d might allure the Bnglifhto their Neighborhood. Not was this onely the firft heat of Men fond of Novelties, - 4nd as foon weary of them again, but ever fince the Bnglifh firtt Planced-at Albemarle Point, on Afhley River, they have continu’d to do ther allamanner of friendly Of- fices, ready’ on all occafions to fupply theni with any thing they have obferv’d | them to want, not making ufe of our Mens Neceflities, as an opportunity to’ en- hance the Price of their’ Commodities, 4 fort of fair Dealing we could {carce have promis'd thent amongft diviliz’d, well bred, and religious Inhabitants of any part of Europe ; and though they are much frighted with our Guns, both fmall and great; yet like innocent and well-meaning People, they do not at all diftruftour Power} but freely, without fufpicion, truft themfelves, both Men and Womeny even their Kings themfelves, in our Town, Lodging and Dancing there frequently whole Nights together, upon no other Pledges but the bare confidence of our mutual Friendfhip ; nor do our Men ufe any greater caution in Converfing with chem, ftragling up and down, and travelling fingly and unarm’d through their Woods for many Miles about, and are (o far from receiving any injury or ill treatment from them, that on the contrary they are kindly us’d and Entertain’d, and guided by them in their Way whenever they defire ic; and when any of our Men meet them in their Walks, the Indias all fand ftill rill they are gone by, civilly Salu- Nor doth’this Affurance of theirs bound ic felf within ting them as they pals. accords ventuting themfelves aboard our Ships, S ips, their own Homes, they of their own have gone voluntarily with our Men to Virginia and Barbados. Nor have the Buglifh been wanting on their parts inany thing that may preferve this Amity, being ve- ry cautious of doing them any injury, bartering with them:for thofe things they receive of them, and buying of them even the wafte Land they make no ufe of. Befides the fimplicity of the Indians Diet, it is very remarkable, that they havea genetal averfion to thofe two things which are moft acceptable to our Palates, and without which few of us either eat or drink with any delight ; for in their Meats they cannot endure the leaft mixture or rellith of Salt ; and for their Drink, they utterly abominate all mannet of ftrong Liquor ; to the latter whereof, their large Growth and conftant Health, is perhaps not a little owing. Their mamer Every little Town isa diftinét Principality, Goyern’d by an Hereditary King, of Govern. ; : ment. who in fome places is not Son, but Sifters Son to the precedent King, the Succef- fion of the Blood-Royal being continu’d by the fafer fide.. The great Bufinefs of thofe Princes is to lead their Men out againft cheir Enemies in War, or againft the Beafts in Hunting , for unlefs it be to appoint them where to Hunt, orvelfe‘to Confule about making fome Attempt upon their Enemy, hehath but fmall trouble in the Government of his Subjeéts, who either through their own Honefty, orthe few occafions they have for Controverfies in their extempore way of Living, need few Laws, and little Severity to keep them in order 5 but yet they ‘Govern their. People without Contraé, and fail not ofa ready Obedience to theit Commands . fo that when fome of them have bought things of fach of the English, who by the Orders made amongft out (elves were not to Trafick with the Indians, they have, upon Complaint made to their Cafiques, been reftor’d again, though in firic Rules’ Yt of w ; Chap. If. | AMER IC Z. een 211 of Law they were neither bound by, nor oblig’d to take notice of the Rules which were made onely to Govern our own People, and had at juft Prices bought what they carry’d away ;. fuch isthe Honefty of Men, whole Principles not being cor- rupted with Learning and Diftinétion, are contented to-follow the Didates of tight Reafon, which Nature has fufficiently taught all Men for the well ordering _ of their Actions, and enjoyment and prefervation of humane Society, who do not give themf{elves up to be amus’d and deceiv’d by infignificant Terms, and minding what is juftand right, feek not Evafions in the Niceties and Fallacies of Words. The {ame is to be {aid of the firft Dilcovery of this Countrey, as hath been fore cuosins merly faid of Virginia and Florida, of both which it partakes; but as tothe prefent face 12 Patent ro Intereft and Propriety, the Englifh, befides all Virginia intirely, have alfo fo much (rm of Florida as makes up this confiderable Province of Carolina, which foon after the oath happy Reftauration of His prefent Majefty King Charles Il. from whom it receives Denomination, was granted by Patent to Edward Earl of Clarendon, L. Chancellor of England, George Duke of Albemarle, William Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Afhley, Sir George Carteret, Vice~Chamberlain of His Majefty’s Houfhold, Sir William Berkley, Knight and Baronet, and Sir John Colleton, Knight and Baronet. _ The Lords-Proprietors of this Countrey, for the better Settlement of it accord. ing to their Patent granted unto them by His Majefty, and for the enlargement of the King’s Dominions in thofe parts of America, have been at great Chargeto fecure this fo rich and advantageous Countrey to the Crown of England, to whom of ans cient Right, by the Difcovery of Sir Sebaftian Cabote in the time of Henry the Seventh, it doth belong,and for its Situation, Fertility, Neighborhood to our other Plantati- ons and feveral other Conveniences, of too valuable confideration to be negligently loft: By the Care therefore and Endeavors of thofe Great Men, it hath now two Their car ee for Setling confiderable Colonies Planted in it, the one of Albemarle, on the North fide, borders and Impro- ing on Virginia, where are fome hundreds of Englifh Families remov’d thither Pmuio from New England, and fome of our other Plantations in the Weft-Indies ; and ano- ther towards the middle of the Countrey, at Charles-Town, or Afhley-River, a Settle- ment fo hopeful, for the healthinefs of the Land, and convenience of accefs by a large deep Navigable River, and fo promifing in its very Infancy, that many of the rich Inhabitants of Barbados and Bermudas, who ate now crowded up in thole flourifhing Iflands, and many in our other American Plantations, are turning their Eyes and Thoughts this way, and have already remov’'d part of their Stock and Servants thither. Nor is it to be doubted, but that many, following the Example of thofe who went to Albemarle, will be drawn to this better Plantation at Afhleys River, from New-England, where the heat of their Zeal, and the coldnefs of the Air, doth not agree with every Man’s Conftitution , and therefore it isto be thought, that many well temper’d Men, who are not muchat eafe under fuch Extreams, will be forward to remove hither. The Lords-Proprietors, for the comfortable fubfiftence, and future enrichment Fair Terms of all thofe who fhall this Year 1671. Tranfport themfelves and Servants thither, whomocrer allow every Man a hundred Acres per Head, for himfelf, his Wife, Children and thither. Servants, he carries thither, to him and his Heirs for ever, paying onely one Peny an Acre,as a ChiefsRent ; which Peny an Acre is not to be paid thefe nineteen years; and thofe Servants who go along thither with their Mafters, thall each alfo have a hundred Acres upon the fame Terms, when he is out of his Time. But though thefe Conditions are very advantageous, and the Countrey promiles to the Planter Health, Plenty and Riches at a cheap Rate, yet there is one thing that makes this Plantation morewvaluable than all thefe, and that is the fecure pofleffion of all thefe ye 4 ~ Se aved | ¥ : Lone Ve. things, AMERICA. Chap. Li. things wich as great certainty as the ftate of humane Affairs,and the tranfient things of this Life are capable of,in a well continu'd Form of Government, wHerein it is made every Man’s Intereft to pre- ferve the Rights of his Neighbor with his own 3 and thofe who have the greateft Power, have it limi- ted to the Service of the Countrey, the Good and Welfare whereof whileft they preferve ‘and pro- mote, they cannot mifs of their own, the Lords-Proprietors having no other aim, than tobe the greateft Men in a Countrey where every one may be happy if it be not his own fault, it being alate as uncomfortable, and much more unfafe, to be Lord over, than Companion of a miferable, un- happy, and difcontented Society of Men. : 2h yep With this Defign the Lords-Proprictors, who are at great Charge for carrying onthis Plantation, have put the framing ofa Government into the Hands of one, whofe Parts and Experience in Affairs of State are univerfally agreed on, and who is by all Men allow’d to know what is convenient for the right ordering Men in Society, and fetling aGovernment upon fuch Foundations, as ma be equal, fate,and lafting 5 and to this hath a Soul large enough to with well to Mankind,and to de ire,that all - the People where he hath to do might be happy. My Lord Ajbly therefore,by the confent of his Bre- thren, the reft of the Lords Proprietors, hath drawn up, totheir general fatisfaction, fome funda- mental Couftitutions, which arefince, by their joynt approbation, ‘confirm’d to be the Model and Form of Government inthe Province of Carolina ; the main Defign and Ballance thereof (accords ing to the beft of my memory, having had a Copy thereof) infhortisasfolloweth: oe The Model 2¢ 2 Very County isto confift of forty fquare Plots, each containing twelve thoufand Acres, Of drawn Sp by 7 is thefe fquare Plots each of the Proprietors is to havéone, which is to be call'd a Siguiory. tay for th ”- Hone more of thefe (quare Plots ate to be divided amongft the three Noble-men of that County, v2. Government a Landgrave, who is to have four of thems and two Cafigues, who are to have each of them two ef Careline. a niece; and thefe fquare Plots belonging to the Nobility, are to be call'd Barowies. The other twenty four fquare Plots, call’d Colonies, are to be the Pofleflion of the People: And this Method is to be eb- ferv’d in the Planting and Setting out of the whole Countrey; fo that one Fifth of the Landis tobe +n the Proprietors, one Fifth in the Nobility, and three Fifths in the People, 2. The Siguories and Baronics, thatis,the hereditary Lands belonging to the Pro rietors and Nobi- lity, are all entirely to defcend to their Heirs, with the Dignity, without power o alienation, more than for three Lives, or one and twenty years, or two Thirds of their Signiories and Baronies, and the reft to be Des#e/ne. {pd : 3. There will be@lfo fome Mannors in the Colonies, but none lefs than threethoufand Acresina Piece, which, like the relt of the Colony Lands, will be alienable, onely withthis difference, that it cannot be parcell’d out, but if fold, it muft be altogether. = 4. There isto bea Biennial Parliament, confifting of the eight Proprietors, the Landgraves and - Cafiques, and one out of every Precinét, that is the fix neighboring Colonies, for the People, chofen by the Freeholders; thefe are to fit and Vote alcogether for the making of Laws, which thall be in force no longer than fixty years after their Enacting, the great mifchief of moft Governments, by which not onely the People are mightily entangled by multiplicity of Rules and Penalties, and thereby laid opento the Malice and Defigns of troublefom Men and cunning Projectors 5 but, which is far worfe, the whole frame of the. Government in traé of time comes to be remov d frommits origie _nal Foundation, and thereby becomes more weak and tottering. / g. There are eight fupream Courts for the difpatch of all publick Affairss the firft confilts of the Palatine, who is the eldeft of the Proprietors, and hath power to call Parliaments, and difpofe of publick Offices. The other feven fupream Courtsare, 1. The chief_Juftices for the determining of Controve fics of Afewmt and Tuum, and judging of Criminals. 2. The Chancellors, for paffing of Char- ters, and managing the State Matters of the Province. 3. The High-Conttables, for Military Affairs. 4. The Admirals, tor Maritime Affairs. 5- The High-Stewards, for Trade. 6. The Treafurers, for the publick Stock 5 and 7. The Chamberlains, for Ceremonies, Fafhions,Marriages, Burials, @c., Thefe are the feven fupream Courts, to whom liesthe ultimate Appeal in all Caufes belonging to them. — Fach of thefe Courts confifts of one Proprietor, and fix other Councellors, whereof two are chofen by the Nobility, atid two by the People. All the number of thefe eight Courts joyn’d together make the Grand Council, which are in the nature of a Council of Staté, and are entrufted withthe ma- nagement of Affairs of greateftconcernment. Thereis alfo in every County a Couit, and in every Precin& another 3 fromthe Precinct Court there lies an Appeal tothe County Court, and fromthe County Coert tothe Proprietors Court, to which the Matter in queftion belongs, and thefe is the laft decifion and determination thereof, without any farther Appeal. Andto keep the People from the Charges and vexation of long Suits, to the enriching of Mencunning in Words, care 1s taken, that no Caufe thall be Try’d more than once in any one Court, and that profefs'd Pleaders for Money fhall not be allow’d. cs | Liberty of Confeience is here alfo allow’d in the greateft latitude, but yet fo, that neither Atheifts, or Men of noReligion, are permitted; Atheifim, Irreligion, and vicious’ Lives being condemn‘d, as difagreeable to humane Nature, inconfiftent with Government and Societies, and deftrudive to all thatis ufeful to, or becoming of Mankind; as on the other hand, rigorous Impofing of, and hot Contentions about the Ceremonies and Circumftances of Religion, isan occafion of perpetual Strife, Faétion and Divifion, keeps Men from fedate and temperate Enquiries after Truth, eats out the great Cement of humane Converfation, Charity, and cannot be found in any one, who hath but modefty enough to think himfelflefsthan a rope, and thort of Infallability. There is alfoto be a Regifter of all Grants and Conveyances of Land, to prevent eventhe occali- ons of Controverfies and Law-Suits. yas a. Therevare feveral other lefs confiderable Particulars in this Government, all contriv’d and de- fign'd for the good and welfare of the People 5 all which are fo well put together, and in fuch equal proportion ballance each other, that fome judicious Men who have feen it, fay, it isthe beft and fairest Frame, forthe well-being of thofe who fhall live under it, of any they have {een or read of. _CH A P. - =~ = - « = « + “ad = - = a - ie 3 when = ar = - ) = al 2 a = ~~ -_ = ~ 2 _. - = - _ rae 1 qlee — = >= > > . > r; ~ tn — = >. a > = seis in = SS te a ee, os — ” - “ a - wan — Ww a Chap. IIL. AMERICA. | ERRTRLBLREP ELL LE SS COOL EE Se ote eee eet oe eo o.oo 4 CHAP. Ill. Florida. therto rather by the great pains which the Spaniards have taken, and the ill Succeffes they have met with in the difcovery and {earch of this Province, than by any thing elfe they have difcover’d in it anfwerableto their defires. Onthe Eaft it hath the Atlantick Ocean, or Mare del Nordt ; on the South, and South-Weft, the Gulph of Mexico and Mare Vifginium ; and full Weft, pare of New Gallicia, and fome other Countreys, not yet perfectly known. i ae This Countrey isalfo one of thofe, faid to have been firft of all difeover’d by Sit Sebaftian Cabot, at the Charges of the King of England, abour the Year 1 497. but afterwards more throughly fearch’d into by John Ponce de Leon, a Spaniard, who in the Year 1512. fet Sail with three Ships out of the Haven St. German in Porto Rico, North-Weft to the Ifles Del Veto, Caycos, Yaguna, Amaguyao, Manegua, and Guanabani, firft difcover’d by (hriftopher Colonus,and call’d St. Salvador : After that Steer’d North- Welt by a Coaft, which (becaufe of its pleafant profpeét). was call’d Florida, or (ace cording to the more: common Opinion) becaufe it was on Palm-Sunday, which the Spaniards call Pafcha de Flores, or Pafcha Florida) that he Landed here: And to find out, a Haven he kept fight of the Shore, which appear’d South-Weft from him. Here the Ships met with fo ftrong a Tide, that notwithftanding they hada frefh Gale of Wind, yet could they not ftem it ; one-of the Ships was driven to Sea out of fight ; the other two cafting Anchor, which taking, drove toward the Shore ; whither, being beckned by the Indians, they immediately went ; when no fooner he Landed, but they ran in great Companies to make themfelves Mafters of the Veffels, kill’d one Spaniard,and wounded two more: the Night approaching put an end to the Fight. From hence Sailing to the River La Cruix far Wood and Water, __ they were refifted by fixty Natives, which they put to flight with their Guns, and took one Prifoner ; after which they erected a Stone Crofs. The Promontory, by which glides the trong Current, lies in twenty Degrees North-Latitude, and call’d Cabo de (Corrientes, as the Row of Ifles, before the Main Land Los Martyres, becaufe the Cliffs at a diftance appear like Men ftanding on Poles. Laftly, after fome {mall Encounters with the Floridans, Ponce return’d home, being onely inform’d falfly by the Indians, that in Florida was a River, and-on the Ifle Bimini a Fountain, whofe Waters made old People young. 7 But after this Florida remained not unvificed ; for eight years after the foremen- tion’d Voyage, Lucas Vafquex de Aylom weighed Anchor with two Ships from Fil paz ntola, to fetch Slaves from the adjacent Ifles for the Gold-Mines, which Labor the Natives were not able to perform : therefore feering his Courfe Northwardly, he Sail’d along the Coaft of Chicoa and Gualdape, by them call’d Cabo de St. Helena, and Rio Fordan, where the Natives look’d upon the Ships as SeasMonfters, and feeing Bearded Men in them, fled : the Spaniards purfuing them, overtook one Man anda Woman; who being well Entertain’d, and Clad in Spanifh Habits, made the Strane gers fo acceptable to their Countrey-men, that their King fent fifty Men Aboard of them with Provifions, and to invite the Sea-mento his Dominions. The King fat re 3 Z, with pee of Virginia lieth the {pacious Countrey of Florida, remarkable his 23 Situation and Bounds. Ponce’s Expe= dition, Water to ” make old Peuple look young. Vafquez’s Ex pedition to Florida, Habit of 2 with a great Cloth about him, made faft on his Shoulders, covering his Belly; 2 mn Breaft and Back with the Lappet-thereof, and being long, was held up by one a his Servants; over one of his Shoulders hung a String of Pearl that came three times about, and reach’d down to his Thighs ; on his Head he wore a Cap full of Ribbonds; his Arms and Legs were alfo furrounded with a double Chain of Pearl; - in his right Hand he held a very rich Staff: But the Queen went almoft naked, onely a piece of a wild Beafts Skin hung down before her from her left Shoulder to her mid-Leg, and a double String of Pearl about her Neck hung down between her Breafts, and her Hair Comb’d behind reach’d down to the Calves of her Legs; about her Wrifts and Ancles hung alfo Strings of Pearl. | F On the King’s Command, the Spaniards were permitted to make infpeétion into the Countrey, in which they were every where courteoufly Entertain’d, and not jie” Without Gold and Silver Prefents. Returning Aboard, Va/quex invited the Indians to go with him, under pretence of returning them thanks for the Favours which they had beftowed, upon him ; but no fooner had he gotten a confiderable number in his Ships, but he fet Sail, and lofing one Ship, arriv’d with the other fafe at tndiam wil F7fpaniola with a few Indians, for moft of them with griefand hunger died at Sea, oe and thofe that remain’d alive, liv’d on dead Carrion. ‘ Some few years after, Va/quex, receiving Letters Patent from the Court of Spain for the Government of Florida, fitted out a Ship thither in 1620. which brought a good Return of Gold, Silver, and Pearls; whereupon he himfelf went not long af- ter, and coming into the River Jordan, loft one of his Ships, which prov’d not the afaner de. worlt Accident ; for Landing two hundred Men, they were all of chem either flain Huridam. Oe sounded by the Inhabitants ; fo that Va/quex was fore’d to found a Retreat & And after that the Spaniards were lefs willingly drawn to that Coaft, and the rather, becaule the Inhabitants feem’d poor, and had little Gold but what they procur’d from the Otapales and Olugatono’s, fixty Leagues Northward up in the Countrey. Nerve bis Notwithftanding thefe unfuccefsful Expeditions, Pamphilus Narvaex rerain’d fo Expedition, Bry much Courage, that obtaining Letters Patents from the Emperor Charles the Fifth; | he- Pe RRP 2 i a 7 ~ : er oT 1g : = ee ——- - — a - = : 5 * ’ 5 < > don ~ - — en ~ 1s — eel “ * -_— = _ - - ~ = Ss a 7+ - ° mn, ag : a - - i ce St eT mae - . =e - . ~ = r= : ~~ = ; add ~ = - - as — 7 7 lt Sl = 7 a - . - _— . > = _ ’ 9! > . . “ ———~ =e - 3 Chap.. If. the Opinion of Nunnez Cabeca, them, took fix Prifoners,’ who furnifh’d them plentifully with Indian Wheats' Af ter this they march’d fifteen days farther; without difcerning the leaft footsftep.of a Man.;, but at laft they met an‘ hidian Lord with a confiderable Train, before whom march’d feveral Pipers : being, told by Narvaez that-his Journey was for Apalache, he conducted the Spaniards with a Canoo over a River, and Landing again, walk’d with them 'to his Village, where he Entertain’d them with great civility, after, along and croublefom. Journey, camgat latin fight of Apalache which contained two hundred. and forty Straw Houfes, built between ‘the Moun tains,on: a, Moorifh, Soyl,; fullof Nut, Pine, and Savine-T rees, Oaks, Laurel, and fhort Palmito’s,; befides the-Trees, which blown down in feyeral places by a {trong Wind from between ithe Hills, and lying crofs, cumber'the High-ways-: There are many, deep Pools, and alfo Bears, Lyons, and other ravenous Creatures, which makeijthe Ways very dangerous. Narvaez falling fuddenly on the Village, took the Cafique Prifoner, as alfo ftore of Wheat, Mortars to pound it, Hides, and Thred- {pun, Gloaks. .Here he refted twenty five days, during which time fome of his Men. Journey’d farther into the Countrey, yet found none but poor People, troublefom Ways; and.an unfruitful Soyl: twice they were fet upon by: the Na- tivess, who kill’d fome of the Horfes and Men: They: being a very {trong People run ftark naked, and as fwiftas a Deer, Diving under Water fromthe Spaniards Bullets; which not a little amazing Narvaex, he thought it convenient to fet upon the. Village Aue, lying on the Shore: Nine days he was ina miferable condition He is ix before he got any. Wheat, Peale, or other Provifions from this Village ; the getting mix. whereof coft him very dear,. for the Villagers behav’d themfelves fo valiantly, that they kill’d many. Spaniards, and fome of their Horfes, which fince they left the Haven, of St. Cruce had travell’d two hundred and eighty Leagues; fo that being tir'd and out of heart, they could not carry the Sick and Wounded, who not able to, go, fell down dead in the Way : whereupon it was judg’d convenient to make five) Barques; in which they made their Shirts ferve for Sails, the Horfes Tails and Mayns, for Ropes, their Skinsto hold frefh Water ; with which putting out to Sea, and running through the Straights of St. Miguel; Coaft of Rio del Palmes , where they fuffer’d great Drought, info- much, that fome drinking fale Water, died thereof: at lat Landing, they were in the Night fer upon by'a Cafique; who having given Narvaez a great Wound in the Face, fled, leaving behind hima Sable Cloak, fcented with Amber ; three days they tang:d again along the Sea-fhore, when-the Barque of Nunnex, Cabeca being behind... was-by Storm driven on the Shore, where ahundred Indians waited to cut them off, 2 is they faw no:Land in {even days; Steer’d along the but were pacifi'd with fome Trifles : _Thus being bereav’d of Arins, Proyifion;. and all maniner of Neceffaries, they found themfelves on an Ifle; by the Inhabitants call'd Malhado,, where they were lodg’d and maintain’d fo long as they had. His #eange any thing left; but Famine) grew at laft to luch a heighth, that they devour’d mmsae = AMERICY. he fitced out four Sail and a Brigantine, -weigh’d Anchor from. Ciba with fix hun» dred Men and eighty Horfe, in the Year 1528. On Florida he Landed’ three hun- dred Foot and forty two Horfey:they found man - a golden Bell’ hid. amongft the Nets, Chefts full of Merchandife; and in each a dead ' Body coyer'd with Beaft'Skins,and painted; Pieces of Linnen Cloth sand Wedges of Gold, whichthey had fromthe remote Countrey Apalache. Narvaex, though againft smarch’d up into the Countrey; whilft the Fleet was to. ftand along the Shore; and travelling fifteen. days. faw neither Houfe: nor Man," oncly, here and there fome Palmito-Txees ; Crofling a River on Floats; they were Encountred.by two hundred of the Natives ; of which the Spaniards, having routed , 5 - - ¥ .. - “a > 4 *, Fi. ag a : tle - ‘ans y empty Huts,but in a great Houfen 3:3" arvaer, Village great entre: 7” Stranded, | Entertain- ! One _ -) Sottus’s Ex- pedition very remarkable. Strange deal- ing of the Co- fachiquians. A Maid Go- verns the Countrey. Great Trea- fure of Pearls. Great Tem- pelt. Sottus’s far ther Journey very remark- able, The City Mavilia, AMERICA. Chap. IID. one another, and in a fhorttime of eighty Men there remain’d onely four alive, viz, Nunnex Cabeca, Caftillo, Orantes, and Effevanico, who at laft by Land reach’d to New Galicia, and foon after to Mexico, having efcap’d a thoufand Dangers. Of Pamphilus Narvaez never any tydings being heard, it is fuppos’d he wasdrown’d. After this miferable Adventure, the Bufinefs of Florida lay dead for eleven years, till Ferdinandus Sottus, chofen Governor of Cuba, obtain’d fo much of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, that he ventur’d one Expedition more for Florida: Befides Sea- men he carried five hundred Foot, and three hundred and fity Horfe ; with which Landing in the Bay Del B/pirito Santo,he march’d againft the Cafique Vitacucho,whom he took Prifoner, with a thoufand of the Natives, whom he either put to the Sword, or caus’d them to be torn in pieces by Dogs ; and ftaying all the Wincer in Apalache fortifi'd that place, and furnifh’d himfelf with Provifions ; he was inform’d, that thirteen days Journey from thence lay the Kingdom of Cofachiqui, abounding with Gold, Silver, and Pearls, which made every one of the Spaniards very defi- rous to.go thither, ‘notwithftanding the Way was very dangerous ; for the vali- ant Floridans lying in Ambufcade in the Corn-Fields, wounded and kill’d many of them by Shooting from thence. Sottus, fo foon as March approached, fet forward on his Way. Inthe poor Province of Achalaqui he founda few young People, and the | old moft of them blind. From Cofachiqui he was follow’d by fourthoufand Natives, who carried the Spaniards Luggage, and ferv’d them as Guides through Woods and Wilderneffes.. The feventh day they ftopp’d at a great River, whither Sottus fent four Companies to feek out a Paflage over, whereof three return’d without any effe&, but the fourth, Commanded by Captain Annafio, and a Colonel of a thoufand Cofachiquians,cametoa Village built along the River;in which they made a a miferable Rout, killing all they lighted on, and hanging the Sculls of the Dead by theirs fides : this done, they march’d back. Sottws at laft efpying a Village on the other fide of the River, beckned tothe Natives to come over to him; whereupon fix came immediately , who underftanding that he defir’d theit friendly Affiftance and Trade, promis’d to acquaint theit Governefs, being a young Maiden: who foon after came over to Sottus, and prefenced him with a String of Pearl: he come plain’d to her for Provifions, which the promis’d in part to ftore him with. Crof- fing the River he found a brave Countrey, where were Pearls as big as gray Peafe, Copper of a golden colour, but no Gold. Out of the Tombs of their Princes: the Spanifh Officers, with the leave of the fore-mention’d Maidtheir Governefs, got an incredible Treafure in Pearls. In the Village Tolomeco they did the like. But here their Provifions growing fcarce, the Army was divided into two Bodies, Balthafar de Gallegos leading one, and Sottws theother ; yet the Defign of them both wason the Province of Chalaque ; whither marching, they were furpris’d byfuch a violent Storm, that few would have been left to relate their Adventures, had not the Trees bore it off from them ; for it not onely Thundred and Lightned as if Heaven ‘and Earth would have met, but alfo Hail-ftones fell down as big as-Eggs, which beat down the Boughs of Trees. Inthe pleafant Valley Xualu, belonging to the King- dom of Cofachiqui, they refted fifteen days; and then tmarch’d through Countreys of Guaxale, Acoftes, and (oxa, where above a thoufand Indians, adorn’d with Plumes of Feathers andrich Furr Cloaks, came to meet and weléom them,and to defire them from the (afique to ftay there all the Winter ;but Sottus refolving to go to the Haven Achuji,refus'd the fame. After this he view'd Taliffe, fortifi'd with woodden-and earthen Bulwarks ; where the Cafique Tafealufa, a Man asbig again as an ordinary Spaniard, receiv’d Sottws with great civility, and conducted him to Mavilla, lying in a pleafant place. The City, furrounded with double Pallifado’s, fill’d up ps | Fart Chap. Ih AMER ICH Earth between, (where alfo at eighty Paces diftant from one another, ftands a Tower to contain eighty Soldiers) hath two Gates, eighty Houfes, in every one of which dwell a thoufand Men, anda large Market-place in the middle, where whilft the Spaniards were in the midft of their Mirth; they on a fudden heard a great cry of Arms ; the firft Aflaule was made by feven thoufand, ‘which ftill in- creafed by frefh Supplies ; but the Spaniards at laft fetting the City on fire, broke through them, and left above elevenghoufand flain, either by the Smoak and Flame, or by their Bullets, Swords, Horfes Heels and Dogs; the Spaniards alfo loft eighty three Men and forty three Horfes. Thence going to Chicora they were ftopt by the Natives before a deep River with high Banks, which at laft croffing, not without great trouBle and blood-fhedding, they Winter’d in the Village Chicora, where the Inhabitants let them reft very quietly for two Moneths ; at the end of which, joyning together inthe Night, ‘they fhot Fire into the Straw Roofs, and maintain’d a Fight of two hours long, in which the Spaniards loft forty Men, fifty Horfes, and all their Hogs, which were burngiin the Houfes. From thence going to Chicacolla they were refifted in moft places, andin the Fort Alibamo Engag’d by four thouland Floridans, who waited for their coming ; but thofe were fo fhrewdly hand~ led, that half of chem “were flain, and Sottws became Mafter of the Fort, as allo of Chifca, which he Storm’d and took. unawares. With nolefs trouble and danger did he get over the River El Grande, where he difcover’d a Village that contain’d above four hundred Houfes,and many delightful Fruit-Trees. The Cafique Ca/quin, main- tain’d the Spanifh Army fix days in this place, and taking five thoufand of his Sub- jects, march’d with them to (apaba, which hath a deep and broad Moat on three fidesthereof: the fourth was fottifi’d with ftrong Bullifado’s, through which the Spaniards breaking, made way for Cafquiny who put alltothe Sword, the Governor onely efcaping in a Canoo to a neighboring Ifle. The Entrance being thus taken by the Spaniards, Cafquin return’d home. After which Sottus concluded a Peace with Capahaes the Governor, and took up his Quarters in the Village Vitangue, where he receiv'd continual Sallies ; but taking fifteen Cafiques Prifoners, threatned to burn them alive, unlefs they would procure them fome Gold ; yet not being able to get any,they had only theit Hands cut off and were (ent away. Moreover, Sottus help’d the Guachacoya’s,to ruine thofe of Anilcow; which Defign prov’d fuccefsful, yet not ace cording to Sottus’s defire, for he found not the Gold-Mines which he expeéted, but {pent in this five years Progrefs the great Treafure which he took out of Atibaliba’s Palace ; and the Pearls which he got in Florida, for the Oyfters being open’d againft the Fire, and the Pearls drill’d through with a hot Iron, loft much of their luftre, neither would his People confent to build a City in the Haven Achufi. Inthe midft of thefe Tranfadtions Sottus died of the Bloody-flux, and his Body was Interr’d in the River Al Grande. After which his Succeflor Ludovicus de Alvarado had worfe fuc: cefs, for half of the Army being wafted by the exceffive heat, the reft refoly’d to defert Florida, utterly de{pairing to be ever able to refift the valiant Natives. In the Province of Auche they procut’d a Guide,whom, becaufe he mis-led them in their Way, they caus’d to be'torn in pieces by their Dogs : after. which they march’d 2i7 Cruel Fight, Settus died} without a Guide through fuch bad-Ways, that they loft a hundred of their Men and _ eighty Horfes, befides many Floridans that carried their Luggage: At laft coming to the River El Grande they conquet’d two Villages, which fortifying, they took up their Winter Quartersin them. But this being the fourteenth year, in which the River us’d generally to overflow and drown all the adjacent Countreys, ona fudden, to their great amazement, the Wood which they had gather’d for the build. ing of Barques to carry them home, was wath’d away, their Provifions’ fpoil’d, Z 3 and = —Sle —_— = = a — -- - _ = . - ~~ - > — ‘ > > = Py man = r ee cael - - _ > —<. w ~ 7 — - > — a «> — a —— eos re! — - 5 — -=- a - = = ms = =~ ; : ox Sox rer ae a a — ager —> , - ~ 7 = as : - “i * a. = + _ - — . oe — = - : = 3 a = . ~— - ae - ~ - =F - == se a 7 oe — — oo — aaa ay = Strange Fight. Expedition of Abumada and Samane, The Expedi- tion of Ake- sendez, Voyage of: Ribald and ~Landoniere, The Expedi- tion of Domi- nicus Gur- gus. Valiant Ex- ploit of Gur- gus, _ City Augt- frine, Conftitutian of the Flort- dant. AMERICA. Chap. III. and their Habitationsdrown’d: and tothis Inconvenience was added another yet greater; for the Govegnors round about. rais’d (all the Forces they could poffibly, ro revenge themfelves on the Spaniards for their great oppreffion. But Alvarado being inform’d of this Defign by the Cafique Anilco, caus’d thirty of the Abet- tors of the Plot.to have their Hands cut off. Not long after this the Spaniards fer Sail, when a thoufand Canoos that came to Engage them lay fixteen days amongeft them, killing and wounding feveral of thefeamen,: and funk a Barque with forty eight Men, and alfo kill’d many Horfes which were yeton the Shore ; the Prifoners they took were ftrappado’d'to death, and the Horfes fhov: yet fome of them got fafe from Panuco to Mexico. | Vac! Thefeabove-mention’d Expeditions to Florida, notwithftanding they fell out unfortunately, neverthelefs by the permiflion of Philip the Second, King of Spain, Peter Abumada and Fulius Samano, with five Dominican Monks, made another Attempt, and Landed with feveral great Crofles, that thereby they might reduce the , Flori- dans, whofe Language they underftogil{not, to their Faith: But they fearing treas chery, refifted them, and kill’d the Monks with Clubs, flay’d them, and hung their Skins in-their Temples. lintG > @nae: 2 wulvela | | Notwithfanding thefe and many worfé Accidents that hapned, yet the Spani/h King ventur’d once more, and fent Peter Menendex tov Florida ; whither he was fol- low’d by three fefnits from Rome, viz. Peter Martinins, foan Roger, and Francis Villare- gius: The Mafter of the Ship in which they went being ignorant where he was, judg’d it convenient to Land; whereupon nine Netherlanders and four Spaniards, amongft which was Martinivs; went afhore on Florida, whilft a Storm arifing drove the Ship to Cuba; by which means thofe that were Landed wete left in a miferable condition, having no Food but wild) Herbs, on which they fed twelve days: fothat this Expedition alfo came to nothing. | oie At laft the Frenth following the footsteps of the Spaniards, John Ribald and Rene Laudoniere having Sail’d feveral times to Florida, difcover'd feveral Coafts; but their Men were often fet upon by the Spaniards,and cut off. $i ROS bs 7.9 - Anno 1567. Dominicus Gurgius fer Sail thither with three Ships, which cartied two hundred Soldiers and eighty Sea-men ; with whichentring the River Tacatacours he Landed, and found a Youth call’d Peter du Bre, who efcap’d when the Spaniards cru- elly maflacred the French in the Garrifon (arolina; after which du Gre ranging up and down, at laft ferv’d Saturiona, Governor of Florida; whomdeferting, and now meeting with the French his Countrey-men, he brought feveral ‘Cafiques to joyn with them againft the Spaniards, whom they drove out of three Forts, which were all by the Command of Gurgius difmanteled. Floridais call’d by the Natives, Irquafa. The Spaniards have built two Forts on the fame, the one erected on the Promontory Helena, is Confecrated to the Apoftle Matthew. The City and the Fort Angu/tine lies near the Rivet May. - Both City and Fort ftand on a Hill, which is pleafant and well fet with Trees. Between the Fore- . land isa deep and wide Channel,which wathes the City and Fort ; it is eight-fquare, at each cornet there ftands a round Tower, in whichithe Soldiers keep Guard; the Countrey is water’d by two Rivers, which gliding between the Main andthe Fore- land, are great Safeguardsto the Fort. The City isalmoft {quare, onely againft the Fort ic is much clofer built than in any other place; and divided into four Streets. The Church ftands without of the City, and before it the Augujtine Cloyfter. - The Inhabitants of Florida are ai Olive colour, tall, and without ‘any defor~ mity ; their Skins generally painted, and theit Bodies naked, onely a Deer’s Skin about their middle, their Hair long and-black, hanging down to their Hams, Z, | mo “— a PTL eh cea - antl , 1 i ‘2 hs ‘fy bs il ast eat Puy Chap. III. AMERICA. moft, of ‘them tie ic ina Knot on the top of their Heads ; two {mall Boards co- ver their Breafts, and_fix leffer hang on their Arms, two Bells at each Ear, and a Cap on their Head, with a Feather; Their Quivers, which are always full of Ar- _ rows, fharpned with Fifh Bones, hang by their Sides ; In their left-Hand they hold a.grear Bowe, with which they goto War, the King walking before with a Club. They Confult daily about warlike Affairs inthe King’s Palace, where he himf{elf fits on ahigh Seat, the Grandees falute him firftwith their Hands lifted over their Head, crying Ha, He, Ya, at which the reft cry Ha, Ha; then every one fits down on a Stool roiind about the Room. . If they'have any Bufinefs of Confequence to debate, then the King fends for the ancienteft Perfons and Priefts, call’d Jawas s this done, they give-a Cup of (a/Sine (which isa hot Drink made of Herbs) to the King ; after which every one drinks in order out of the fame Cup. This Liquor occafions Sweat, quenches Thirft, and fatisfies the Appetite for twenty four hours. When they March againft their Enemies they live on Indian Wheat , Honey; fmoak’d Fith, and divers forts of wild Roots, amongf which they mix: Sand and Cinders, to preferve them the longer. No fooner are the two Armiés come within fight one of another, but the Kings of both Parties roll their Eyes about in theit Heads, mutter fomething to themfelves, and make ftrange Geftures and Exclamatis ons ; which is anfwer'dbya general.Gry of the whole Army: then each King turns ing himfelf with great Reverence-to the. Sun, takes a woodden Platter with Water, which he throws over his Army fo farras heisable, and begs of the Sunto grant him, that.he may {pill his Enemies! Blood in like: manner. then throws another Difh-full into the Fire, wifhing that his Soldiers may thus Offer the Bodies of theit Foes to.thie'Flames: | then ftep forth the Priefts} who are always skill’d in the. Art : of Necromancy, and feating themfelves;ona Shield in the midf of the Army, draw a Citele, in which they makeimanyrttange Geftutes, not without muttering to themfélves, and feemingly fay aPrayerof/a quarter of an hourlong ; during which they deport themfelves fo ftrangely, that theyirather feem to be Devilsthem: felves, than. Charmets! of the Devil: They turn their Eyes quite round, and their Bodies 219 Their ftrange (Confulta- tion, Their Food in time of War, Their Priefs are Sorcerers, Strange aéti- 0.8, AMERICA. Chap. Th Bodies as if without Joynts ; at length being wearied they leap out of the Circle, and inform the King of the number and condition of the Enemies Army. Thole . oh miller There is alfo on the the Eaftern Shore of this Penin/ula, St. Matthews, .a Place pot 4 {efs’d and well fortifi’d by the Spaniards , and St. Auguftines on the fame Shore, but lying fomewhat more Southerly than theother, atthe Mouth of a River of ;the fame Name, taken and fack’d by Sir Francis Drake in the Year, 15 85. ‘iz S. £6) Bele _-_— Jucatan. fave onely to the South-Weft, where itis joyn’d to Guaxata, its farther. and more Eafterly, Point looking towards Cuba, The knowledge of, when, and by whom this Province was difcover’d, is included in that, of New Spain, of which fome will have it to be a part. The whole Province contains in compalfs nine hune dred Miles or more, and lies between eighteen and twenty two Degrees) of Nor- thern Latitude, or thereabouts, the Air fomewhat hot; and the Soil not altogether fo fertile as fome other parts of New Spain are ; but in recompence thereof the People are fo much the more induftrious, living for the moft part, by Handicraft Trades. Neither is it altogether unftor’d with Corn. and divers forts of Frnits,bes fides what it hath of Fowl and Beafts, as Geefe,, Hens, Deer, ec. particularly. at yieldeth plenty of Wax and Honey, by reafon of its frequent Swarms of Bees, _ They report fome fpecial things of this Proyince, as namely, that the People of the Countrey us’d generally, and long before the-Spaniards came thither, a certain Cee 7 remony Pine is a Peninfula, or half-Ifland, being encompals’d with the Sea onall fidem - - — — 4 - —- - i — a Eades ee onli - ~~ = a <2 ie il ag = VERAGUA. : ee > ais z= me = BS él Cano fe ahrce © : a ESPANA ots Ww —?~p 4, - Ss) = * a = MINN 1. | SINUS GotFo DE NUEVA ty \ i) AM PENS v9" | I | N 3 S Ss = = S SS > per ‘> vy ’ . Pa = Y Bs iS A, THUY an : > * - _ . ot 7 " “" ‘ es = Oe 2 ee +k: owe a —— . - —<> ~ ie er Age eary | Semi lease eT an =: d = we ay - ; se ; oe in , S| - . — > = » + se ao. < — ~ . . : = : = ila —- — : = : = a | — wo ee = et. -r eS / = —— =. c - ae — = ~ ~ — ee Saal ¥ i ae = — - - en GE. . Se af ia Z "5 — — : —~ 2 -* : — = 7 -e Gy ‘ : PAIR Ft hee " = = = e = = — -_ . ae -* a _ -_ + —. . i) _ — ae = - -_—-~ —- = - - — as - + ~ i. si. 1 a a es - abe ” eee Re eS Se SS ea 13 ; —~* — * of Chap, Ill. fMERICA, - remony of Religion, not much unlike to our Baptifm, and.which they call’d by a Name that in their Language fignifi’'d Regeneration, or A Second-Birth ; that they obfery’d it fo diligently, that few or none amongft them omitted to initiate them- felves by it, believing, that thereby the Seeds and Ground-work of all Goodne(s was laid in them, and that they were fortifi'd by it againft the affaults and tempta- tions of evil Spirits ; that aftet they were three or four years old, till they came to twelve, they ufually thus Wafh’d and Baptiz’d themfelves ; and that none were permitted amongft them to Marry, that were not firft initiated afcer this manner ; that they chofe likewife a folemn Day upon which to do this ; and that the Friends and Relations (efpecially the Father and Mother) of the Parties to be initiated, as well as the Parties them({elves, always Fafted three days before the faid Initiation ; and that a great many of the Natives had a Tradition, or general Report amongft them, that of ancient time this Province of Fucatan was poflefs'd and cultivated by a certain People which came thither from the Eaft, after a tedious long wander- ring, and many hardfhips endur'd at Sea, having efcap’d the Hands of their Ene- mies onely through the power of the Deity they worfhipp’d; who help’d them, and made them to pafs fecurely, even through the Waves of the Sea. All which, if true, feems nota little to confirm the Report which goeth for currant in the Welfh Chronicles, of one Madoc ap Owen, the Son of Guineth, a Prince of that Countrey, who is faid to have fall’n upon'a far Countrey this way in his Travels, which he lik’d fo well, that having fecur’d to his Com panions their fafe abode there during his abfence, he return’d himfelf into Wales for more Men; and that he tranf ported thither as many as he could carry inten Barques full fraught. This he is {aid to have done about the Year of our Lord 1170. but neither he nor any of his Men were ever heard of fince; and the fuccefs of the Expedition, it feems, little enquir’d after by the Welfh. However, the Relation feems not altogether incredible. The chief Towns of the Province are, 1. Merida, in the Navel of the Countrey, and the Seat of the Governor, twelve Leagues diftant from the Sea on either fide. 2. Valladolidt, thirty Leagues diftant from Nerida. 3+» Campeche, a great Town, con- fifting of about three thoufand Houfes or more, when fir conquer’d by the Spani- ards ; who found {uch Monuments of Art and Induftry in it, as did clearly argue, that the Place had been once poffefs’d by fome People that were not barbarous. It is now call’d St. Francifco, and was furpriz’d in the Year 1596. by Captain Parker, an Englifh-man, who took the Governor himfelf and fome other Perfons of Quality with him, together with a Ship richly laden with Gold and Silver, befides other Commodities of good yalue, 4. Tabafco, by the Spaniard now call’d Villa de Nueftra Sennora de Vitoria, and commonly Viétoria onely, in memory, as ‘tis thought, of the firft great Victory which Cortez obtain’d over thefe People at the Battel of Potonchan, as hath been faid. 5. Cintla. 6. Potonchan. 7. Salamanca. All along the Coaft of this Countrey there lie certain Iflands, fome within the Bay or Gulph call’d Honduras, pertaining to the next Province, as 1. La Zarza. 2. La Defcone/cida. 3+ Vermeia. 4. Los Negrillos ; and fome without it, as 1. Zaratan. 2. Pantoia. 3. De Mugeres, or The Ifland of Women, fo nam’d by the Spaniards, who at their firft Difcovery of thefe Parts, for a long time together could. meet with none but Women. The chief of them is call’d Acufamil, commonly Cozamul, and is fifteen Leagues in length, and about five in breadth, and was as it were the Thoro-wfare, or Common Road of the Spaniards, when they firft difcover’d- the Countreys of New Spain: For firft here Landed Ferdinando de Corduba, after him John de Grialva, and-others; and laft of all the fortunate Cortex. It is now call’d St. Crux. J -* » - + : a > omy tgs CHAP. 2.223 Its, Situation and Bounds. Trees and Plants, . _ Guatimala. ) Uatimala ftretcheth to the Isthmus, or Neck of Land, which, as we faid, join- eth the Northern and Southern parts of the New World together. This Countrey is bounded Northward with ‘the Peninfula of Fucatan abovefaid, and part of the Gulph or Bay of Hionduras:, on the South, with Mare del Zur; onthe Eaft and South-Eaft,ic hath Caftella Aurea; and onthe Weft, New Spain. The length of it lieth uponithe Coaft of Mare del Zur, and is faid-to be little lefs than three hundred Leagues ; butthe breadth not half fo much, and in fome places very narrow. It is generally a fertile and good Countrey in all re{pects, but efpecially abounding in Cattel and good Paftures; it is fubdivided into feven inferior Pro- vinces. or Countreys, which are 1. Chiapa, 2.Verapax. 3. Honduras. 4. Nicaragua. 5: Veragua, 6. (ofta Rica; and 7. Guatimala, {pecially fo call’d: all differing in Language and Cuftoms one from another. i The Bifhoprick (as it isnow call’d) of (hiapa is border’d on the Weft with New Spain, on the Eaft with Vera Pax; and on the South with Mare del Zur. It isa Countrey much fhaded with Woods, and thofe replenifh’d with many fair and goodly Trees,of divers forts, and of the largeft fize,as Oaks, Pines, Cedar, Myrtle, and Cyprefs-Trees, befides others which yield them a good kind of Rozen, precious Gums, crc. alfofeveral forts of Balfom, as white, red, green, and black, not onely pleafant to the Scent, but an excellent Remedy for all manner of green Wounds : the beft of it drops out of the cut Bodies of the Trees ; and the worft is prefs’d out of the Wood and Leaves. : | << There are alfo proper to this Countrey feveral other kinds of Trees and Plants, as that whofe Fruit taftes like Pepper and Cloves, being of a great heighth,; a Tree whofe Leaves cure all ulcerated Sores, or the bicings of any poyfonous Beaft. ; There is a fort of Cabbage call’d Ilantas, which grows to the heighth of a Tree, fo that Birds make their Neftsin them, they are eaten likewife like other com- mon Cabbages. There is alfo an Herb with narrow Leaves, which is no fooner touch’d, but it fhrinks up tonothing ; but at the going away of thofe which touch it, it obtains its former vigour, | Here are likewife Quails, Ducks, Geefe, Pheafants, Parrots, Turtle-Doves, Pi- geons, and the like, in great abundance. | . _ Amongft the feveral forts of Falcons which breed in this Countrey, there is one fort which hath one Foot proper to its kind, the other like that of a Goofe; it feeds on Fifh along the Rivers. ; The Bird Toto-Queztall, which is fomewhat {maller thana Pigeon, with green Feathers and along Tail, .is taken onely for its Tail, which when. the Indians have pull’d out, they let the Bird fly again, there being a Law amongfethem, that who- foever kills one of them, is to fuffer death. © The Cranes here are of a dark Gray; the biggeft of them havea tuft of -Fea- thers like a Crown upon their Heads, The JAMERICA Chap. IV. -'The Birds Guacamayes, which ate ted and blue, ate like a PeruanGoole: - ‘Morcover, the Countrey yields brave Horfes, Goats, Sheep, Rabbets, and Foxes! alfo wild Dogs, Leopards, Lyons; and Tygers. | Oc ~The wild Hogs which breed here have their Navels on their Backs, and have! no Tails, they {mell exceeding ftrong, and feed together in great Companies. The Taquatrin, a'cercain Beaft proper to thof' Parts, hath a Bag under its Belly, in’ which it generally carries feven of more young ones, ‘and'hath alfo a bald Tail ; it creeps into Houfes in the Night co fteal Hens. | | ) Here is alfo a certain Beaft (whofe Name we find not) about the bignefs of a Rabbet; and like a Rat, and carriesits young dneson its back whenfoe’re it comes abroad. : ! : The Serpents, which ate very numerous here, trouble the Inhabitants excees ditigly, efpecially near the Village catepeque, where ‘there are fach an abundance on two little’ Hills, that none dares approach them; fomeof them are very poy fondus, for if touch’d with a Stick, the Poyfon runs up the fame + and whoever are anointed with the Blood of adead Serpent, diealingring-Death. Jobn de Laet reo’ lates, that'the Indians took one which carried thirty young ones, which being 2 Finger long, crep up and down immediately ,and the old one, being above twenty Foot long, ferv’d the Natives for Venifon.! 6 % « AT ee ee Amongft other ‘Beafts is alfo the. Teuthlacokaubgut, ot Fortre/s “of »the’ Serpents 2! it hath a Head like an Adder, thick Belly, glittering Scales, a black Back, fprinkled with white Crofles ; at its Tail’theregrowS yearly a Bonie,ewithhwhich it makes 4 noife when it ftirs ; its poyfonous Teeth deftroy thof@ which are bit‘therewith id ‘twenty four Hours, unlefs the part which is wounded’beheld in the Earth {6 long till the pain be over. Notwithftanding-the noife; terrible afpect, and geftures of this Animal, the Indian Hunters make nothing to take'the faine'by the Tail; and wrap itup in Linnen, and carrying it home make ittame) Ivis able to livea whole Year without either Meat ot Drink ; ity Head when cur‘off grows to the bigefs of a , Man’s Thightin ten days times (oS @ Beene es Se 7 | Aa No e@¢ 225 Birds} Beafts) The Serpent Iquanna, Baboons., Towns and Villages of Note, bed Shn ‘Chap. IV, No def hg gee ‘ Ay sin taking the Ibitobaca, which isan Elk Jong, of a cron lif bit ackand aes ee Bones whereof they wear cir t =A The pete 1A R. pent ie i ich doth no: manner ‘of hae though teitible to look upon to thofe yb know it not, having a Bag under-i its Chin; a a glittering Comb on its Heads ‘an obits Back tharp Bones, which ftand like a Saw,anda long Tail : It lays fifty. Ex boyl’d :. Tt-alfo lives both:in: “the: ‘Water: and on the Land. Here'aré alfo many Baboons, which.are big and heavy, with setidlies, fhort Legs tike a Man;" *and ‘Tails. ftanding upwards ; they eat ‘all forts OF Fruit, but chiefly covet after Wine and Bread ; and are to lafcivious, that they often fet upon Women : 3 “The Females generally bring forth two, one Male, and the other Female. There is a another fort, whofe Skins, » bees aed, | are ‘full oF . little Spots. astiss as ee Pree ancient. ‘inhabiciaes of: Chiapas (divided into the C Hapaneca 55 = ikel ae. the Zeltates, and the Quelenes) ate very Civil and Witty,alfo skilful: in n Painting, Singing, Breaking of Horfes;and many other Trades: The Placts of more principal note in. this. Countrey,, fithabited by: the Stotidtds; are 1. (indad Real, pleafantly feated in the midft of a pind Vale‘or Plain, and al. moft encompals’d with Hills reprefenting the form:of an Amphitheatre ; ; alfoat the Foot of one which ftands in the midft of the reft, the City is built. It isa City, 508. ata time as big as Acorns, of a very good take, and fit to cae: when {pecially Priyiledg’d by the King of Spain, haying a.Court of, Juftice, Cathedral, and Dominican. Cloyfter of a pure and temperate Air, and, the, Countrey ropnd about plentifully abounding both in Corn,and Fruit, onely. fomewhat.too;cold te produce Lemmons and Oranges; but for Pears, Apples,, Beaches, Quinces, Cher- ries, and. the like, they grow.here in great abundances 3%: 2. .(hiapa, which giveth Name.to the Valley aforefaid ; Ic is-a Bifhop’s See, and pices if but for one of its Prelates, wiz. Bartholomeo delas Cafas, of the:-Order, of Predicants, who was Bifhop of this City, and his Memory juftly precious, amongft the poor, Americans at this day, for his Charity towards them, and forthe ftout and zealous oppofition which he: made againft.che Spaniards cruel and inhumane.deals ings with the Natives at the beginning of their Conquefts : by which ar laft, nat- withftanding much difficulty and refiftance made by.interefted| Perfons ofthe other Side, he procur ’d them liberty, and.an Edig.from the Emperor in favor of them; whereby, they were declar’ dito be.a Free People, and not, Slaves, and: the Spaniards, forbidden, to ule chem,any longer as fuch, ox to force them, toany kind of Labour againft heir. wills, of otherwile, than by agreement. with, them, which Liberty they. enjoy to this day ¢ atid though, thé, Spaniards are faid to give them very. {mall Wages in fome places, and fot their, Work in theis.Sugar-Mills. (which.is no{mall,.Labor) not above five Reyals, 68 Two fhilling’ fix.pencea Week, for the Maintenance. of themfelves, their Wiyes.and Children, Yer by, reafon it is with Confent, and. in a Countrey where all things: aré plentiful and cheap, their Condition is much better, than it, was,and the favor which thae good Bifhop did them, never to be. forgotten. It isat ptefenta great and populous City, and lieth almoft.in che mid-way, betwixt: the Cities of Mexico and Gyatimalas 3. St. Bartholomews, if the Countrey of the Qatleness: 4. Tecpatlan, the chief of twenty five Villages, faid.to belong to the Zogpes Here the Dominicans have another Cloyfter. | The Zeltates poffels a fruitful Connie. have irceet Villages inane with, Trees that yield Cochenile, being under 4 Common-wealth Government, The Chap: dV) AMERICA. The chief Place of the Quelenes is (opanavatzla, where there is good Cheefe, and ftore of brave Catrel : The River (hiepa gliding through the midft thereof, lofeth ir felf in the Northern Ocean. In this part of the Country are Beafts not unlike Apes, with long Tails, which they wind about the Legs of thofe whom they find fwim- ming and fo pull them under Water; wherefore they that go to Swim take Axes along with them, to cut off their Tails. | The Water of the River Blanco is clear and wholfom, running for the moft pare through Rocky Grounds, which neverthelefs are over{pread with Trees, In the higheft Ground of Chiapa, a League anda half from the City Reall, {pring clear Fountains, whofe Water ebbs and flows every fix hours. | Near the Village call’d Afixa isone which runs three years together, though in the drieft Seafon, and is dry three years, though it Rain never fo much, Not far from the Village Cinacatan is another Spring, whofe Water cures feve- ral Sicknefles, but kills all Birds and Beafts which drink of the fame. I Here are likewife divers Baths. The Rivers which run out of the Valley Chiapa, fall into two great Pits, Near the Village Bartholomew, in the Province Quelenes, isa firange Cavern, out of which by the throwing of a ftone into the fame, are heard mighty noifes like claps of Thunder. Not far from the Village Chicomucolo, appears a Cavern, in which is a great Plain on one fide, and a ftanding Lake, whofe Water is like Sand, on the other. ~The Spaniards, if they wanted not Slaves, might dig good ftore of Gold, Silver; Copper, Lead, Tin, and Quickfilver, out of the Mynes on the Mountain Ecatepeck, which is in nine Leagues compafs: The Wind blows fo ftrong after Sunsrifing, that no Man is ableto travel for it, but in the Night. Sheth: Uh Vera Paz.. Era Pax, or The (ountrey of True Peace, wasfo nam’d by the Spaniards, as they \ fay, becaule it was never conquer’d by the Sword, but reduc’d to Obedie __ ence onely by the Preaching of the Dominican Fryers. \t is bounded on the Weft and South-Weft with Chiapa, on the Eaft with fome part of Guatimala and Honduras ; and on the North with Fucatan. It contains about thirty Leagues in length, and almoft as much in breadth, being a woody and mountainous Countrey for the moft part, yet well diftinguifh’d with Valleys and lower Ground. It is much fubjeé& to Rain, which ’tis faid to have for nine Moneths of the Year almoft continually ; by reafon whereof the Countrey, being otherwife hot, is much an- noyd with a kind of Mo/quit, or great fort of Gnats, which fpoil the Fruit very much, and are otherwife not a little trouble to the People, Moreover,there happen oftentimes terrible Earthquakes and Storms, with Thunder and Lightning. The chief Commodities of this Countrey, are a kind of Amber, which fome call Liquid Amber, which drops from divers of their Trees, and is faid to be 2 Commo- dity very precious, and of much ule ; Maftick, Sanguis Draconis, Gum Anime, Sar[apa- villa, (hina-Wood, and divers other Medicinal Drugs, which it affordeth in great plenty. The Woods afford a {weet fmell, and the Trees in the fame grow a wone derful heighth, . The Canes which grow here, being a hundred Foot long, and proportionably thick, ferve for Timber, Aas There 27 Situation and ounds, . (Commodi- ties of [the Countrey. « 228 AMERICA. Chap. IV. There is alfo a hard Wood call’d Iron-Wood, either f10m its hardnefs or colour, or both, which never rots. | | The abundance of Flowers which grow there afford nutriment to innumerable warms of Bees, which are about the bignefs of {mall Flies. Theic Honey, which is fomewhat tart, they hide in the Roots of Trees, or in the Earth. Another fort, which is made by the Wafps, bereaves thofe that tafte of their Senfes. The noted’ft Beaft in this Countrey isthe Danta, which refembles a Mule, hath no Horns, but Afh+colour’d long Hair, fhort Neck, hanging Ears, thin Legs, with three Claws before and two behind, long Head, narrow-Forchead, little Eyes, a Nofe hanging over its Mouth, little Tail, fharp Tceth, and a Skin which is fix Fingers thick, and {carce penetrable by any Weapon. This Beaft is taken in Fraps, Holes, or elfé with Dogs, which he often kills when hunted towards the Water. They fay that this Beaft taught Men firft to Let-blood; for if it be too full. of Blood, it pricks it felf againft a fharp Cane, and ftops up the Orifice again very carefully. The Fleth thereof is good Meat, asalfo that of the Roff-Lyons, which inthe day-time fleep on a high Tree, where they are fhot by the Indians. : The Tygers are much more dangerous to be taken ; yet the Indians Hunting them, eat them in ftead of Beef; and alfothrough all New Spain. ‘ The Bears, which make the Ways very dangerous to travel, have black frizled Hair, broad Tails, Feet like Mens Hands > but fince the Indians have made ufe of Guns, which they leatn’d from the Spaniards, they have much leffen’d the number both of Bears and Tygers. There are likewife many Leopards, Apes,and wild Goats (whofe Skins ferve the Natives for Drums) Hogs, and Armadill’s. Amongtt their Fowls, are Eagles and Parrots. : | The Countrey is fo well ftor’d with Water, that inthree Leagues {pace are above thirty Rivulets, and as many Fountains. 7 gmc) On the Mountains grow great quantities of Sarfaparilla, Mechoacan, and the Chinas Root, which being yellowifh hath feveral Saffron-colour’d Knobs on the top. The Sarfaparilla grows with many Stalks, creeping along over the Ground ; the Body thereof is tough and full of Prickles, the Leaves broad and fharp at the ends, and are of a bluifh colour on one fide, and green on the other, and bear Clufters of | Flowers, which clofe like Buds, and are firft green, next vermilion-red, and laftly blackifh : within are two hard Stones, which inclofe a white Kernel, by the Indi- _ ans call’d JFuapecanga. The Bay Golfo Dulce, which pours its muddy Water into the Sea, feeds the great Fifh Monati, and a great number of Crocodiles. : Several Rivers abounding with Fifh fall alfo into the fame, having their Banks fet all along with Trees, in whofe Boughs, joyn’d together on the top, thofe fort of Birds make their Nefts which prey on Fifh. a | The Women in this place are much fhorter Liv’d thanthe Men, fo that thereare often thirty Widowers to one Widow. Women with Child are Deliver’d by themfelves in the High-way ; and from thence they go to the next River to wafh themfelves and the Child. | | rine Sy As for any Towns or Places of much Traffick or Note, inhabited by the Spani- ards, we find not any nam’d, fave onely St. Augaflines ; near unto which there 1s faid to bea Cave and Fountain within Ground, which converts the Water that fal- leth into it out of feveral lefler Springs, into a kind of Alabafter or Stone, per- featly white, and fafhions it likewife into Pillars, Statues, and other artificial Forms of very curious Workmanhhip, as Laet reporteth. | Yr ici} ' Sect. —— ‘ee Payee p= = ty > —s 5 ~ - a / | - ‘ , ; » i : ‘ I - : : 9 - : , e He a. oe 1 ‘ 4 ri : >} ' ») we Tl . : : P*) 7 + ‘ ') ; a 7 ' a bs ’ ~d | r ian? : 1 / ' : - la : SS | : | : “4 i} : : vt. a 5 : : + : j uv b ’ : « vil - 4 { ' 1 ‘ ' ‘ ev i ; ' k 4 F : « | hd ) : js) a ; : ‘ 1 u " + : } i : { ' ’ ri] « ‘ » 1; hi , iy i ‘al ‘ i’ a j ‘ 7 + : " ri ‘ U ie t ' : ‘ i! Ve - ! +! : Le BY + : r ~ ri i; : f ' 4 | 4! yat y ' ‘y ‘ss 1 ' : . 4 ; Ad “a iq v vi io “Mes . Viol} ' j - ‘ ‘er ny ‘en \ * . ; - . 4 : : ‘ 4 - " ' { a ” : 4 : . ‘, i } Lae ' he A ; .- o Vy wo) a : ' - "me hae 4 ‘ihe i. De We q A alg ~ii . ae ee cee _ ~ oo La, qt i) po 1 Fatt 1 aor —— aS = ly cll | i i | . | _ i ih rh a he Hf is vy [LiL ap Gn ga Vw, ime = Ss / | a hose P S Wm } ‘ ” es ci = - . li \ oT 2! — ——$ $$$ - A ey ) Ee ee ey a y - — ° - SSS eas - - =< -_— ——————SeS—- — = =— = _ . -_— . a ~ ~ ad 236 Towns of note, AMERICA. Char 1 This Countrey was conquer’d by Peter de Alvarado, Anno 1525.1t issby reafon of its neighborhood with Vera Paz,not altogether clear of Mountains,but otherwife well water'd with Rivers, and enrich’d with fair and fruitful Valleys, which afford not onely good Pafturage, and many great Herds of Cattel, but likewife good ftore of Wheat,Maia, and other Fruits of the Earth. Great plenty of Cotton-Wool is generals ly both here and in the other Provinces; viz. Vera Paz, Chiapa, &c. fome Medicinal Woods likewife, and Liquors, and abfolutely the beft Sulphur in America. The Peas ple are generally tractable and well difpos’d, both in point of Religion and ciyil Government. | + : i oe The Towns of chief note are 1. Guatimala,now call’d St. Jago de Guatimala fince the re-building thereof ; for about the Year 1586. ic was almoft buried in Afhes, which one of the neighboring Mountains, for the’ {pace of fix Moneths together, conti- nually -belch’d out in fuch fearful quantities, that ‘many People were flain, the old ‘City deferted, and a new one built in another place. The day before this ‘fad Accident hapned, the neighboring Mountains were obferv’d to fhiver, anda great noile was heard from under Ground ; which amazing the Indians, the news thereof was carried to the Bifhop, Francifcus Moroquin, who narrowly enquiring into the Caufes of thefe Accidents, and what they might portend, found that a fad Event would’ fuddenly follow, as accordingly it did, for’ about mide night on the eighth of Augu/t, Anno'1541. fuch a mighty ftore of Rain fell, as if the Clouds had been -all diffolv’d into Water, which came rowling ‘from the Rocky Mountains with firch violence; that it ‘wafh’d down great Stones, which carried on by the:ftrength of the Water againft the Houfes, beat themdown ; and none could have feen how they were rnin’d, had not the mighty flafhes of Light ning, follow’d by terrible claps of Thunder, lighted the Night. Some. inftantly deferting this miferable place, fled up into thé Countrey, and there built a new Guatimala (as aboveemention’d) fur-nam’d St. Jago, three Leagues farther towards the Eaft, in a Valley through which flow two Rivers, between two Vulcans, or {moaking Mountains, which fometimes vomit forth terrible Flames, mix’d with dreadful Thunder-claps, Afhes, and great Stones, infornuch that the Ground all about it; which is exceeding fruitful, feemsto move. There are many of thefe Vulcans in feveral parts of America, as namely at Arequipa in the Kingdom of Peru, at Puebla de los Angelos, in the Provinee of Tlafcalla abovelaid, a Mountain of fo great heighth, that they are fain to go little lefsthan thirty Leagues turning and wind: before they can reach the top of it, and othets in feveral other places. They are ge- nerally Mountains of great heighth, and running fharp upwards, but at the top containing fome quantity of plain and level Ground ; in the midft whereof is a Pit or Hole; out of which abundance of Smoak and fiery Sparkles are vomited almoft continually, and fodeep, that they are {uppos’d for the moft part to reach to the very bottom of the Mountain. Some of thefe Vulcans caft forth neither Fire nor Smoak, yet are clearly feen to burn-at the bottom with a quick Fire, and which is fo extreamly hot, thar it inftantly melteth Iron, or any other Metal that is caft into it, as by experience hath been found : for fome conceiving that the Matter which maintains thefe Fires within the Bowels of the Earth fo long together, can beno- thing elfe but melted-Gold, have endeavor'd feveral times to extra& and drawit forth in certain Veffels of Iron and Brafs, which they have caus’d to be ler down into the bottom of the Vulcan or Pit, by long Iron Chains made on purpofe: but, as we faid, the extream heat and force of the Fire below always melted them before they could’be'drawn up again, and by'that means hath rendred allfuch Attempts fruftrate. In this Town, now call’d St. Jago, refide above fix hundred Spanifh Com- manders, Chaps IV. AMERICA, manders, and more than twenty five thouland Indians which pay Tribute. They have alfo a brave Church and two Cloyfters, one belonging to the Dominicans, and another to the Order La Merced’, and likewife a noble Hojfpital. Nort far from thence is a place:call’d-Yealeos, where there are Orchards of Cacoa two Leagues in fquare; each of them: producing yearly as much as fifty thoufand Men are able to carty. ‘They reckon the Cacua by Contels, which is the number of four hundred ; by Xequipiles, of eight thoufand ; and by Carga’s, of twenty four thoufand. In this County is a Mountain, whofe top {moaking continually confumes by degrees, and oftentimes covers the neighboring Countrey with Afhess The Water which flows from the fame differs very much, for fome.of it is wholfom and fic todrink ; fome foul and ftinking, and fome.turas Wood, if laid in the fame, to Stone. Here is alfo the Beaft whofe: Head is highly efteem’d for the Bexaar-Stone, which it car- ries in the fame. Here is likewife a little Bear, which in ftead of a Mouth, hatha Jong Nofe with a round Holein it, and a hollow Tongue, with which it fucks Honey, and difturbs the Nefts of Pifmires.. The Women in this Place: make curi- ous Earthen Ware, colour’d either red or black with the Mud of two feveral | Brooks, .; ‘The Indians call’d the boyling Fountains in this County Hell, becaufe they bubble.up a Bowes+fhot high, and make the River Caliente. which, notwithftand. ing it hath pafs'd half a League’ through a wide Channel, retains its exceeding heats Not. far from it lies a Stone:, which having a Crack in the middle, fends forth a thick Damp, and againft bad Weather a thundering noife. On the Moun- tains grow exceeding large Trees, efpecially Oak. Here Pifmires which are of an extraordinary bigne(s, are brought to Market.amongft other Provifions. 2. St. Salvador, forty Leagues diftant from Guatimala Eaftward, and feated upon the River Guacapa, and having about it a {mall Territory, which by fome is ac- counted a diftiné Countrey or Province. 3» Acaputla, a Town of the Natives, fituated at the Mouth of the River, and be. ing as it were, the PorteTownto St. Salvador. , | | ~ 4 Trinidad, a Town of great refort, being the greateft Empory and Place of Traffick for all forts of Commodities, betwixt the People of New Spain and thofe” of Peru. re 3 | J+ St. Michaels, two or three Leagues diftant from the Bay Fonfeca, upon the South Sea. | 6. Xeres dé la Frontera, onthe Confines of this Province, towards the Borders of Nicaragua, befides feveral Villages which we fhall have occafion to mention. In the middle of a Lake within this Territory is an Ifland, on-which the Indians had’ a Tradition, That a Man no foonet fet his Foot but he died immediately : which: Opinion of theirs ‘was chang’d when the Spaniards went thichér in Boatfulls and return’d fafeagain, with Relation that they had feen a large Stone Image, ’ re- fembling.a Woman; before which lay the Afhes and Bones of {lain People. Round about the Village Guaymoco grow great Ballom-Trees, which afford Timber of fifty five Foot long. From this Village leads a Way tothe City Sulva- dor, ‘near which the fore-mention’d River Guachapa runs with fo many windings, that the Traveller is forc’d: to crofs the fame feveral times before he can come to the Foot of a Mountain which formerly caft out terrible Flames ; but now the combuftible Matter being confum’d, there appears onely a great Hole on che top, with Afhesin a large compafs round aboutit. At the Foot of the{ame are two Pits, one of which fmoaks continually in fuch amanner, that it ftifles all thofe that ap- proach it; yet the Mountain is well over{pread with Cedars and Pine-Trees. Three Leagues farther lies the Village Nixapa; and not far from thence the Bb Hill 237 Le : ‘ in § ‘ : | : : ’ i ' : i) ' i ‘ ; r 4) ¢ - | ¥ : : T vt - ‘ ' . e ml. ,. : ' a r F ar Hi i - : - : i a \ : T42 ix J) Wie ob ‘ roy & tl i? 4 1s. j 4 : + ! Le i hk. ‘ ‘| ut ‘ Ut * i " ‘ ; ' 4 ‘ ") . ‘ Havens, Bounds of New-Spats, AMERICA. Chap. V. Hill Elmal Pais, which confifts of great Stones and Afhes, wonderfully mixt toge- ther: No lefs wonderful isa Brook which flows in the Night till Morning, and then finks into the Ground : And in the Countrey Choluteca is another, which hides it felf at Noon, and appears again towards Night. The Cavern which formerly produc’d Fire and Smoke, now affords good Water to the Village Curcatan, and City Salvador: Near the Village Yztepegve are five Springs, which caft upAllom and Sulphur. The Natives Chontales which {peak feveral Languages, flock to the Village Mimilla, to make Offerings; not far from hence are two Pits, one of which is full of boyling Water, and the other as cold as Ice: Moreover, Cocori lies near a high Mountain, on the top of which is a very turbulent Lake. od The chiefeft Haven of this Countrey, which lies along’ the South-Sea,. is Bahia de Fonfeca, Difcover’d by Gonfalves Davila, Anno 1522+ and fo nam’d from Foan Ros drigas de Fonfeca, Bifhop of Burgos; In the middle thereof appears the Ifland Petro~ nella, with nine others, of which four are inhabited by Indians. 2 The good conveniency of the Haven. Fonfeca, induc’d fome of the Spaniards to make a new Paflage from the fide of the Southern Ocean, to the Northern, vigy from Panama to Nombre de Dios, defigning it to reach from the faid Haven Fonfeca, unto Puerto de Carellos, which are diftant one from the other forty five Leagues ; moft of it good way, except fome over-grown Mountains, which might be made paflable with little trouble; to which purpofe they built the Town Buena Esperan- ca, yet neverthelefs the Work remain’d unprofecuted. 2 8 sto There are moreover reckon’d as appertaining to Guatimala, the {mall Provinces Soconu{co, Suchitepec, and Chilulteca, the chief of them being Soconufco, to which be- longs the Town of Gevetlan, where the Spanifh Governor hath his Refidence; the reft fem to be onely {mall Territories about Towns of the fame Name, in like manner as St. Salvador, and St. Miguel beforeemention’d. Iie Siete BSA eS See eee tee Yate Se eS Se ‘© Hoe. Vows The Kingdom of Mexico, or New-Spain, © the EaftePoint of Yucatan; tothe place where Mechoacon juts againft Gua- dalajara three hundred and fixty Leagues; and in breadth from. the Northern parts of Panucos, to the Southern Ocean, a hundred and eighty Leagues; befides a great part which lies to the Northward, behind inacceflable Mountains and Wilderneffes ,; inhabired by the Tepecuaenes, Guachucules, Cacateguas, Tecaxquines, and others, and was, before the Spaniards Conquer’d and Difmember’d it, much, larger than now it is; for as much as it comprehended the whole Province of New-Gallicia, and reach’d from the furtheft Point of the Peninfula of Fucatan South ward as far as New-Bifcay , and the Confines of Califormia Northward ; containing in length feven hundred Leagues and more, and about half as much in breadth : But fince the Conqueft by Hernando Cortez and his Followers, the whole Countrey of New-Gallicia is taken from it, and madea difting& Government ‘or Audiencia, «as the Spaniards call it, of it felf. ‘ | . N: Spain, the chiefeft part of the Northern Aneriea, reckons in length from The | -— *, - —— <4 —_—— ee ee ee, ee ee ae, e- NVYEVA BISCAYA * i a ‘ aia ee OL FO gp E NW Ev An . “ae ¢ a SR Wy S Lgge de los Tula Papautla re AS -Miguel Xilote peque RFasy, . A concoction de Salar Mefiitlan oa : -: f ratte bb rage ) Lateotlal. Pe OMe XN —_—-_—_— se oe = a BSC aa a eee ' a ae | F , 25 =i ; ] eid ll it Be VA HISPAN ———— = =. — - oe A a a = aa’ > 7 ? ‘t ry = = £ > . < a . ag thy - f ~ ha _— * 1 —_ ; “a ; “< A 7 —_— ‘ = i : 5 = . * ¥ ‘ =! - be ¥ > sae w ia ot - », 3)* , Ti a e i” * - ~~ - 7 *. x 7 - "> Bs 4 y . we “3 ar: , . * - - ~ J * r ‘ , — ri ‘ « - ‘ > > : i es - . - _ a ; a . ‘ > - = - — * he 4 > =— ve S ae ——— ee - SS ~ _— a _-— — —_— — — = = aa mn — - ae _ a Chap: Ve (i “stiC AA EE ROTO The Natives of the Countrey are of the Race of the Chichiece; a Salvage and Wilde fort of People, of the Province of New-Gallicia, efpecally in the Parts of New-Bifcay, living in Forefts and in deep Caves under Ground whofe Pofterity do ftill at this day much trouble and annoy the Countrey thereabuts; notwithftand- ing all the endeavors of the Spaniards, and the Garrifons whic they keep in thofe parts on purpofe to deftroy them, About five hundred years agsor more,according to the account of the Mexican Annals, divers Hoards,as they areall’d, of thefe Chichie mece, weary, it feems, of their Woods and fubterraneous dwelings, iffu’d out into the more open Air, and fell down in huge multitudes into yefe Southerly parts of America, which are now call’d Mexico and New-Spain ; not - “ = -. Sarg - ' A ~ S e 7 - » = bd i terete ee . A t \ ' ) : : ) : : : : : ‘ ’ : ; i & ' i] i AL aa < 4 a ‘ | ' : : 4 ; af : i ' J a oh i } aid i 4 AJ un ' fen i | 2 is nd ’ oe ' \ ( : ‘ Ti ‘ "ay Pek a ‘Js : i) ; lel oe a) Ty fh, Sy ee : | Lit | , q ri m4 i ne » ‘ } ' an rt, - r yt P| of; ‘ » »7 : Dy eae (4 ial i : iV ; - i aay. : : ' —- a a - 2 a e ie ll » = De nied >. ~-™- ae SF _~ | oul r, - ord - — ~— 6 (ele ‘ a 4 aol es i- ~ n = 2 ~ 40 CO””*| A ae Riches of Mexico. fin w-Tree, Pine-Apples, Fruit Cacao, - part of Guatimala. Itxcendeth it felf in length from Jucatan South-Eaft, to the Bors ders.of New GalliciaNorthward, above eight -hundred® Italian Miles, and in breadth, from Panuco to the Suuth Sea, about half fo much. ‘It ‘lieth wholly under the Tors rid Zone »-nor is it ACountrey generally fo mountainous or high feated, as fome others of America ard but forthe moft part level‘or low ;' yet’ is it fo fann’d, (for three parts at leaft o four, by the cooling Blafts of the Sea, and the Heats other — wife fo moderated th frequent’ Rains, which it‘hath conftantly three Moneths in. the Year, viz. June, ply; and Auguft) thatthe Air is rendred thereby exceeding tem- perate, andthe Clinkce nov unhealthful,efpecially to temperate Bodies, and fuch as are never forlittle ugbtoit, A goodly Countrey itis, of inexhauftiblé Wealth and Riches, whether we egard the Mynes of Gold, Silver, Brafs, Iron, &e. of all which at hath man} and very good; or the Fruits of the Barth, abundance of Cattel, plenty of Cofvand Grain, of which they have two Harveits ; or any other Commodities and Edewments of Nature, which ferve for the enriching’ of the World. Amongft otfer things} it affords €a/fia, the Fruit whereof is a thing well knowg,and much copmended by the Apothecaries for’ its ufe in Phyfick; efpecially in Pargations, and qmoving of all Obftrucions of Phlegin, Choler, ec. Such ftore of Balm, Amb¢,all forts of Gums and precious Liquors, as no Countrey in the World is better firnifh’d with excellenr’ Perfumes and Phyfick, than the King- dom.of New Spain. ‘4: ASU Oe et) 3 Amongsthe many }ther forts of Trees which this Counttey produces, the moft remarkable is their Tigas, of which, there being five kinds, one is call’d (umbeba, from whence proceed that admirable Tinéture, commonly known by the Name Of Cochinele, which is thus made : On the top of this Tree is found a Worm, which hath theibignefs and {lape of a great Loufe, which fo increafes, that in one years time a hundred Treesfhall be ftock’d from the feed of one of thefe Animals. The Worm, it felf being white, after the Skin is carefully pull’d off, put in cold Water or Afhes, and fo dry’d becomes Cochinele. The beft fort of it is tobe had in Tlafcala, andithat in fo great a yuantity, that nolefs than five or fix hundred Arrobes of Spa- nifh Meafure (each Aijobe is as much as five Englifh Buthels) is yearly Tran{ported thence. The other for, which growson the Mountains, and that which is not fo carefully gather'd, calfd Chichimecas, Dyes not fo well as the right (ochinele. The Tunas alfo bears a Fruitlong and whitifh, with a {mooth Shell, and full of lit- tle Seeds like Figs: The red, which are inferior in tafte to the white, colours the Urine red. The Pine-Apples which grow here differ from the Spanifh, for the Pulp is nat inclos’d in a Shell: They have a pleafant {mell, and a Pulp, which if eaten much of, caufes an Appetite, jit being of a tartifh tafte ; theykeep good a long time when Salted. ) athe But much more beneficial is the Cacao, with which Fruit New Spain drives a great Trade; nay, ferves for Coin’d Money. When they deliver a Parcel of Cacao, they tell them by five, thirty, and a hundred. Their Charity to the Poor never exceeds above one Cacuo-Nut. The chief reafon for which this Fruit’ is fo highly efteem’d, is for the Chocolate, whith is made of the fame, without which the Inhabitants (be- ing fo us’dto it) are nor able to live, notwithftanding it caufes Phlesm and Vo- miting to thofe that are ftrangers thereto. When the Englif> Commander Thomas Candifh coming into the Haven Guatulco, burnt two hundred thoufand Tun of Cacao, it prov’d no {mall lofs toall New Spain, the Provinces Guatimala and Nicaragua not producing fo much ina whole year. The Trees on which this Fruit grows are di- vided into four forts, differing in bignefsand fhape: all of them are very tender, for a oe ee eee — ee ts 4 7 for they will not abaly grow in no place but on sheie afual G ound) bet cannot en- dure the cold Nights Storms, or excefles of Heat ; wherefore the Cacao-Trees which grow out of the Fruit that falls off, come to no , perfedtion, except in fhady and. warm Valleys; which is alfo the reafon why the Planters of New Spain plant the great Leafy Tree (acaoquanthly (that is, The Mother of the Cacao’s) near the Cacao-Tree, that it miay the better grow under the Shadow thereof ; in which manner whole Woods are planted : Inthe fecond year it bears Fruit, which is rt ripe in January, and again in the midft of Summer. Amongft the baie forts the chiefelt is Quathuitl, of an indiffent heighth, and full of fharp-pointed. Leaves, which are faft to the Boughs without Stalks, and bearsa great Flower of a yellowifh colour, which fal- ling off, leaves long, cough, and hairy Threds behind them, out of which growsthe Cacavently, a Fruit which is oval, heavy like a-Melon, of a Saffron-colour, of a fat and thick Juice, a bitterifh, yet pleafant'tafte, and very cooling ; being dry’d in the Sun it is thereby made fit to keep; it is likewife highly efteem’d,becaufe the Cho- colate is made of the fame. . Before the Spaniards made.them({elves Matters of Mexico, noother Drink was efteem’d but,that of the Cacao; none caring for Wine, not- withftanding the Soil produces Vines every where if great abundance of ic. felf. But befides the Quathuil, New Spain hath three other forts of Cacao-Trees, viz, Meca- nal, pleafant to behold for its heighth, large Leaves andiFruit ; the next.isthe Xo- chucaual, which is lefs than the former; and laftly the leaft fort, which is call’d Halcacabyal. The Fruit of thefe four forts of Trees, though differing in fhape, yet is all one in power and operation. The Spaniards to make (hocolate mix Maiz ( by the Mexicans call’d Tlaolli) either whole or Ground, or boyl’d before with Chalk. * Moreover, they put the red Kere nels alfo in the Baek which grow in the Fruit of the Achiote-Tree.. Of the Kernels, which are dry and cooling, boyl’d in Water, and ftirr’d till it comes toa Pap, they ‘make Cakes, which mix *d. with the Chocolate} gives it a cleanfing power, and takes away all taftes that caufe vomiting. |, The Pepper Mecaxochite, which grows creeping along the Earth; with long and Bb 3 fragrant dan AMERICA. ‘Chap. V. fragrant Leaves, round Stalks, hairy Roots, and three long Cods which fhoot up- wander cBhis Pepper tempers the over- a ia property of the Chocolate. Laftly, ic confilts alfo of Xuchinacatlis, Tlilxochitle, and the Rozenifh Gum, Holl. The Xocina- catli is a“Exee with fmall Leaves, and great Flowers hanging on long Stalks that bend downwards, within of a purple, and without of a dark-green colour, of a {weet {mell sand refeinbling an Ear ; and this Flower alfo gives a pleafant tafte and whol{om operation to the Ghacolate. The Tlilxochitle runs up to the tops of Trees like Ivy ; the Flowers, of a darkifh brown colour, cleanfe the Nerves, ftrengthen the Brain, and raked way the rawnels of the Stomacha The Holli drops out of the Holquabuytle, a {mooth barky Tree full of Moifture, which at firft appearance is white, then yellowifh, and laftly black, which kneaded into round Balls and | Roafted, is a remedy againft a Loofnefs and forenefs of the Bowels. Sy ore The Natives of the Countrey ate very ingenious in divers mechanical Arts, efpecially in making of Feather-Pictures, a piece of Curiofity wherein they are held to be incomparably,or rather inimitably excellent ; and fo induftrious at it, thatal- though the Americans generally are not a People over-much addiéted to any kind of Labor or Study, yet at this they will fica whole day together, without either Meat or Drink , onely Qut ofa natural affection they have to the Work, and a defire to be excellent in it ; iw he Countrey indeed affords them great variety of Birds and other Fowl, of molt rare and exquifite Colours, which is a great advantage to their Skill, and helps much to the accomplifhment of their Work. They Paine | likewife veryccurioufly upon their Cottons , arid are held'to be generally the beft Gold(miths in. the World; .of molt perfed skill inthe purging ahd refining of all forts of Metals, but» efpecially of Gold and Silver: And yet'in other things fo ftrangely ftupidsand ignorantjthat when the Spaniards firft appeared amongft them, not’a few of them: (a$)’cis\reported). took the Horfe and’ Man both for one Opek. tiiré\y and. when the ioe Neighed, they would énquire wey PERRET ww ites a faidh | Takes of uD hete are ‘ikiwwife hanes fair Lakes in this Province, be the principal techie af Chapala and ‘Mexico 3 the former of which isin the more Northern parts of che . Kingdom, towards the Borders of New Gallicia, and is chiefly famous for the abit dance of good Salt chat is yearly made and Tranfported thence. The other of Mexicoo is:one of the largett and ivoodlieft in the: World, of circular forth’ ‘(as forme, {ay) litele lefs than nine hundred Miles in compafs, environ’d with the main Land, the Peninfula, ot Cape of Florida, jucatan, and the Ifland (uba, having two onely Paflagés:i and ott, and both of them well fortifi'd : the one betwixt the Point of ficatan and the Ifle:Cuba, where the Tyde violently enters; and the other betwixt che: faid Ifland: and the Cape‘of Florida, where it gotth: as Violently out > Ups en which Golf the Kingoof Spain hath: always forme good Ships in readinefs for’ aM occafionsi;; and by them *tis fuppos "dj he doth more affurehis Eftates i in thofe Be of intica: ithan.by all the Garrifons befides. voy The wihale Kingdomeof ‘Mexico, -or New Spal is fabdivided into ehefe Inferior r | Provinces The feveral: " qaggio The Atch-bifhoprick sof Mexico. 2. The Bithoprick’, Mechoacon. 3. Los zhi or. a vat GRaToen Sa ‘The reac esl And 6. pie. Scotaaee eae 7 ‘Mexica,! re chsinf: Pithvinve of Neiw.Spain: {6 deliesinates sso vated the: chit | City, not only-of the Province, batiof all\America’, lying between Tlafeale ‘and Me- choacan, extends in length from North to South, Bhindred and feventeen Leagues; and in Probar along the Southern oti feventeen, but up in the Countrey, fifty four | me RN wane Wes 3 si ian RRO UY ———— iit f M } 1M" Aah } 4 tad — pad ° an meeivintiras EW er ihe. SFP S. Sage S: Diego S. Maris ls Redonda & Padves de le Com® 4 § for Cile ios S. Lily finfe Si a She A ke Conception | 8. Offztulee¢ for Oipitel Real de Ios Tndsis dN Sencra del anor da Doris del Sper ste Sente | so, Colggis al de Zantos 5. Juande Latran {a S. yy. S. Fable S.- weg 7 SS CF € Raw alrsnorits 7 fon Meg, Leetleread p N efeaioss San: Culp Santa de Juande Dors dele Miferuerdes de Tipokto yd 3. Lazare Suma 3 , A. o Real , 3» Conmentes de ss gi fee Se lad 3 i 6. Wite/fte Semon del Carmo. ¢ © Mencerrate Si ¢ 9 Faregass 2.5. Cetherina Martir y le Mera. Cras . PB. Grthcered ee ow Ss . — a ee : See ee em nce + SE Chap. V. AMER ICA. four Leagues: In which circumference lie to the North-Eaft, Latevtlalpa, Mexti» slan, Xilotepeque, and Panuco ; Weltward, Matalzingo, and Cultepeque; Eaftward, Tuz- coco; South-Ealt, (halco ; Southward, Suchimilco, Tlaluc, Coyxca, and Acapulco. It is bounded on the Eaft, with the Guif of Mexico, on the Welt, with Mechog- Barts of Mixicaza, can; onthe North, with Panuco, and fome parts of New-Gallicia; and on the South, with Tlafcalla. . This Countrey is both large and rich, containing not much lefs than one hune Get dred and thirty Leagues, both in length and breadth; and if it yields any ching to Peru in the plenty of Gold and Silver, -’tis certain. it much excels it.in many other Commodities ; as namely, in all forts of Fruits, abundance of Cattel, plenty of Corn and Grain ; in all which, the advantage this Countrey hath, not only of Pe- ra, but of all the other Provinces of America befide, is well known: Not to {peak any thing of thegreat plenty and variety of good Fifh, which both the Rivers and Lakes of this Countrey afford, which is yery great; infomuch, that the very Tri- bute of the one Lake of Mexico is {aid to yield an Income of above twenty thoufand Crowns yearly, one with another. The People of the ‘Countrey are generally Induftrious and Aétive, efpecially fince the Spaniards came among them; rich Merchants, if they apply themf{elves to it; and they fay likewifegood Soldiers, when they are train’d and imploy’d that way: | The chief Towns and places of the Province are, 1. México, both anciently and Cpitf Towns at prefent, the Metropolis:and Capital City, being the Seat of an Archbifhop, and the ordinary Refidence of the Vice-Roy, and chief Governors of New-Spain. This City, by the Indians was formerly call’d Tenu/tatan, lies in nineteen Degrees (yeh and a half to the Northward of the Aguinoétial-Line’, rais’d our of a brackifh Lake, “"* full of muddy Waters: whofe>citcumference along the Mountains is feventy Leagues: This Lake {warms continually with Boats, which carry the People to nd again from one inhabited Ifland to another; four Stone-bridges, no lefs coft- ly than artificial, with Arches and Gates in feveral places, lead from the City to the Main Continent. la ae : we: The freth Water which they fave in the City Mexico, is led into the fame through Pipes that li¢ inthe bottom of the Lake, but none are to enjoy the benefit thereof, before they have paid a certain Sum of Money to the King’s Collectors. sink a Moreover, the City divided into Iflands, contains above fixty thoufand Houfes, which being built on feveral Ifles,have large Bridges, which reach from one to ano= ther; fome that lie inthe middle of the Lake, they approach in little Boats; round about the Lake, efpecially where the:way leads from the Continent into the City, lie feveral. Suburbs , all inclos’d with Walls, between which ftand ftrong Towers, cover'd on the top: To’keep off the force of the Water, the Tenn/tatans have with great labor and charge,made a Bank through the Lake,half way along the City: Buc the Lake Laguna; from whofe bottom Mexico is rais'd, is divided in two parts, the Sweet Lake} which is higher than the Salt, falls in to the fame through Sluces, with Bridges built on the Bank that leads from the City to the main Land: The Sult- Lake, whichhath brackifh and bitter Water, ebbs and flows according as the Wind blows. no Fifh isable to live in the fame, becaufe the Water which’ in the fight of Mexico falls into the fame out of the Mountains, hath a falphury Ground: All along the fhore, much Salt is made, with which the Citizens drive a.great Trade: There are continually above a hundred thoufand Boats (by the Indians call’d Acales, and by the Spaniards ,Canoos) going off and on from one fhore toanother: The frefh Water Lake, which is bigger than the falt, and feeds {mall Fifhes, hath aboye fits ty The Tempe- rature of the Baruabe Cabo his Defcri- ption of Mexico, SS AMERICA. Chap. V5 ty Suburbs about the fame, of which, fome boaft five thoufand, and others ten thoufand Houfes: Nay, the Suburb Te/cuco, in former times was no way inferior to Mexico in bignefs; fince the Spaniards have been Mafters of this City, they ftopt up many Moats, co inlarge their narrow Streets. ; | Befides three publick Markets, every open place affords all forts of Provifions daily , the Indians call the Markets Tianguy/tly, and the Spaniards, Tranguer ; the firft and chiefelt ftands in Tatelulco, adorn’d with Galleries on three fides , in the mid- dle of this Square, which is accounted the biggeft in the World, ftands next to the place of Execution, a ftately Fountain ; the Tents which are evety Week pitch’d up here for Trade, amount to above thirty thoufand. The fecond Market call’d St. John’s, isin Mexico, and {warms continually with People. The third is call’d Hipolito, from the Guardian-Saint of the City, whither every Wednefday and Thurf- day comes fuch a multitude of People, that this {pacious Market is too little for them ; for the fale of every Commodity , a peculiar corner is allotted; but great Packs are left to be difpos’d of in Boats, which lie near the fhore. > 4h At.the four corners of the City, at prefent call’d St. Fobn, St..Maria la Rotonda, St. Pablo, and St. Sebajtian, are above four thoufand Spanifh Families, and thirty thoufand Indians, befides what inhabit Tatelulco, now St. Jago. aa giok The Air in this place is very ftrange ; in the day time, the Sky is generally Se- rene; the North Wind againft the Evening brings Rain, of which the Mountain Tepeaquilla lying a little League beyond the City , gives certain Teftimonies ; for when a black Cloud appears on the top thereof, it is certain to be blown from thence over Mexico with Rain: After a moift Evening follows a Star-light Night, and a pleafant Morning : From September till May, it is generally dry Weather here, but if it chances to Rain, the Rain is attended with a Storm, which occafions a fulphurous Fogg , very unwholfom, and fo dark , that one Man cannot di- {cern another, and caufes a pain through all the Limbs, nay fometimes Death it felf,; wherefore, whenfoe’re it approaches, every one keeps clofe in his Houfe, or goes into the Countrey. | a Moreover, it is worthy of obfervation, how ftrangely this City is alter’d fince its being Gonquer’d by the Spaniards, and efpecially when Anno 1629. it was over- flow’d by a mighty Deluge ; which alteration by Barnabe Cabo, in a Letter to the Fefuite Hernande Leon, is thus fet forth: Mexico, fays he, lying in a Valley between high Mountains, hath feventy Leagues in circumference: The Valley being Oval, is for the moft pare inter- {pers’d with Lakes, which the Indians, and after them the Spaniards have digg’d, only the Lake which wafhes Mexico is natural and to ftop the Warer-falls, there are Banks and Sltces.every where :. The Flood before Mexicalcingo flows a Fathom and a half higher than before Mexico. The four other Lakes to the Northward’ have much more Water than the Mexicalcingo, of which, fome have {catce four, others but three Leagues in circumference, when as Mexicalcingo’s Lake reckons fifteen; and Mexico’s fixteen. On the breaking of the Banks, Mexico hath often fuffer’d great damage, wherefore the Vice-Roy de Valefco took {pecial care to make a vent for the Water through the loweft Mountains, whereupon the Countrey being Sur- vey'd, the Northern Coaft nedr the Village Gueguenoca , Was found to be the moft convenient. But about the manner of letting the Water out, the Surveyors could no ways agree; moft of them were of opinion to dig Channels, into which the Lakes might difcharge their Waters ; others, thought beft to make a Gutter under Ground, which laft Velafca putin hand with unhappy fuccefs, becaufe the Labo- ers who under-min’d the Ground, were choak’d with the falling in of the Sand, of : BR: Chap. V: - AMERICA. xo 145 or ftifled with the fulphurous Vapors rifing out of the Earth : Neverthelefs, they ave not over the Work though they began it quite another way,for a FrencheMan, call’d Henry Martin, advis’d to deepen the River Quaiotitlan, which falls into the Laguna, and by that means make it a Bay, into which the Laguna might pour her over-charg’d Waters: Which defign,though contradicted by the Jefuic John Sanchez, was put in practice; by which means the Water fell in a (hore time fo much, that they could walk dry to the Cliff E! Ponnel, lying a League from the City; where- fore they continually labour’d on this Work, cill fuch time as Conde de Getues came over for Vice-Roy , who judg’d the Charge to be unneceflary , nay Commanded the Ditches to be broken down, which ftopt the Water along the Silver Mines of Pachuca, that he might fee exactly how much it would over-Aow Mexico: After Aoxien one which the Flood rofe yearly higher and higher; till at laft, Anno 1629. a mighty Rain falling, {wole the Laguna in fuch a manner, that it over-whelm’d all Mexico, wath’d down the Houfes, all Merchandizes which could not endure the Water, were {poil’d, and had not they had innumerable Boats to help them, thoufands of People might have perifh’d in this Deluge: But at laft, Alenry Martin reftor’d again the fore-mention’d Channel to its former Perfection, and brought the Flood which fell down out of the Mountains within the Banks of the River. Quantitlan digo’d alfo a Channel of eight thoufand Fathom long, and made an Arch’d Sewer under Ground of the fame length, which Sewer hath at every two. hundred Fathoms diftance, Vent-holes,and a hole of fixty Fathom deep, and by this means, diverting abundance of Water, they dry’d Mexicoin a fhort time : When the Banks and Streets began no fooner to appear, but they fell to work to: raife the Ground, and to lay Bridges, and.alfoto build more Boats. The Citizens like- wife found it convenient to make another deep Sewer for the carrying away of more Water, notwithftanding it requir’d twenty years labor. The River, which in amanner runs through the middle of the City, is curb’d by a Wall; a crooked Bridge, with many Arches, and of a long extent, leads to the City, in which ftand Stately Piles many brave Palaces, with pleafant Walks of T'rees about them; the Cloyfters of feveral Orders of Fryers, appear with high Spires and Turrets, above all other Buildings. | The Francifcans have here four very famptuous Buildings : The firt,Confecrated and Mom: to St. Francis, ftands in the uppermoft part of Mexico, within a large {quare Court, Hi andon each a pleafant Walk of Trees: The Cloyfter it felf is very high, and treb. \ ble. Wall'd., with Towers and Galleries about it: In the middle of the City \tands another Tower'd-Cloyfter, call’d St. Jago. The third lies a little diftance from it, which being built long, hath a ftately Turret, and is call’d Maria de Rodon- das The fourth, not far from the firft, but much fmaller, is nam’d San Diego; thefe belong to the Francifcans. The Augu/tin Monks are alfo no way inferior to the Fran- cifcans, for magnificent Struétures, with fpacious Halls, high Towers, and rich Balconies: The firft is denominated from St. Augu/fine, juft behind which appears San Pabla, lefs ftately than the reft. St. Seba/tian, near the Laguna, is built in mannet like a Church, whofe Tower ends like a Pyramid. The Cloyfter San Cruz, belong- ing alfo to the Augu/tines, built fquare, ftands near the Market, in the middle of which ftands a ftately Fountain: The Court within inviron’d with thick Walls, amazes the beholders by the pleafantnefs of its fituation. Moreover, the Dominicans inhabit two brave Cloyfters, the chiefeft Dedicated to St. Dominic, is eight {quare ; to which is adjoyning a pretty large Church, witha Steeple: The fecond, which ftands on one fide of St. Jago, and confifts of three fez veral Structures, is call’d Collegio de Porta Celi, O ppofice to St. Jago, near the great . Market, <= - K i y : 7 : : } 4 - Ny Aah) d j li 4 i] 7 ra : : HAR) | PASE 7 - 4 ' ® * - aa Rie / i is be re - ' ‘! ie : P hig 4 a” / i f | - . ' his . , , : i? qj ‘ ' L/, ' - ray ; i‘ ' u | « : + is f “Fi | 4 - iy /4 v4, : \ : ; y) H I Ny i ‘ L ' Sh ( otiiw mir AS a it 4 tA \ 0 \ . ak f Wyo Lie ' ’ Li i ‘ y { .) ea b | ‘ ; ie : - Th 1 pet Br Lan i” ; : - ; ) het Lae Pe) s Kae - - ow f ‘ ' \§ ; 4 { ' - es Cloyfters be- jonging to the Monks of La Merced, Womens Cloyfters. The Vice- Roy’s Palace and Arch- bifhop’s Seat. ‘The gallantry of Mexico at this day. AMERICA. ~ Chapoava Market the Jefuits have a ftately Colledge, or High-School, where many are brought up in the Latin and Greek Tongues, whence it is call’d, Cafa Profeffa Les Eftudios. | . There is alfo another Habitation of Religious Men, call’d Illefonfe Sanna Novictad, which for State, may vie with any Royal Palace. The Monks of La Merced dwell in two Cloyfters , both Confecrated to the Vir- gin Mary, yet Sirnam’d Montferatte, and Carmel : The firft lying not far from the River, isa mean Stru@ture, in comparifon to the laft; the uppermoft Tower of whofe Temple appears above all other Buildings, in the upper part of Mexico near the Cloyfter of St. Francis. - 7 | °F The Women have alfo fourteen Cloyfters here, the chiefeft whereof is Dedica- ted to Catharine of Siena ; but much more fplendid is that of Santa Terefa, built like. an Imperial Palace; famous for its ftately Gardens, and round Fountain, which continually fpouts Water. The reft, which we fhall onely name, are La Encar- nacio , Santa Ines , JefuseMaria, Laurenfo, Las Des-calcas, Santa Clara, fuan de la Pe- nitentia, Regina Celi, Santa Monica, las Rocogidas, Jeronymo, and Conceptione ; befides the Almfhoufes, Real de los Indios, and Noftra Senora del Amor :. There are likewife eight Hofpitals, viz. de Dios, del Spiritu Santo, Juan de Doys, dz la Mifericordia, de fan Hippoli- to, and de fan Lazaro. “The three chief Churches beat the Name of Catharine, Mare tin, and Vera Cruz; and the Clergy-men thereto belonging, enjoy many ftately Pa- laces, amongft which are Fuan de Lateran, de Chrifto, and las Nivas. The Refidence of the Vice-Roy which lies near the Dominican Cloyfter, Porto Cos li, isfo {umptuous a Stru€ture, that it may ftand in competition with any of thofe Edifices which were fo much cry’d up by the Ancients ; neverthelefs, ic is not to be compar’d to the Arch-bifhop’s Seat, built round like a Theatre, whofe Lufter ex- prefies the Quality of him that inhabits the fame, he being Governor of the Bi- fhopricks of Fafcala, Guaxaca, Mechaocan, New Galicia, Chiapa, Yucatan, Guatimala, Ve- rapax, and the Philippinas. This marvellous Strudture was begun by Ferdinand Cortes fius, but was finifh’d by Sebaftian Ramires de Fuenleal ; and not much inferior theres unto is the Cafa de Cabildo Alameda. At prefent, Mexico is thought to be one of the richeft Cities of the World, abounding (if reports be true) in all kind of voluptuous gallantry and bravery, even to excefs: It is fuppos’d to contain about fix or feven Miles in compafs, and to confit of above an hundred thoufand Houfes or Families, whereof not the tenth part Spaniards, but thofe that are, all Gentlemen, at leaft as to their garb and manner of living; for they live moft {plendidly in all refpects, both for Diet and Apparel. 7 For the firft, we have {poken fo much already of the general plenty of all things in the Kingdom of New-Spain, that pertain to this part of pleafure, that it isnot to be doubted: And for the fecond this may be fome inftance, viz, that it is no ex- traordinary matter to {ee an Hat-band or Role all of Diamonds, in fome ordinary Gentlemans Hat, and of Pearl among the common Citizens and Tradefmen. The Coaches (which moft Gentlemen keep) almoft cover’d with Gold and Silver, richly befet with Precious Stones, and within ordinarily lin’d with Cloth of Gold, or the beft China Silk that can be gotten ;, of which Coaches, in time of year, atthe Alameda, as they call it, which is, as it were, The Hides'Park of Mexico, and a place made of purpofe for recreation and delight, a Man fhall obferve not feldom, above a thoufand or two thoufand Coaches, full of Ladies and Gallants coming thither onely to take the Air, and their Pleafure, both the one and the other attended with a numerous Train of Servants and Mulattoes of both Sexes. In /a Plateria, which is but Chap. V. AMERICA. | Ty bur onely one Street in Mexico, nigh to the Vice-Roy’s Palace, in lefs than half au hours fpace: with the turn of an ‘Eye; you may fee Millions of Wealth in Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones, in the Goldfmiths and Jewellers Shops thereabouts: * In a word, there is nothing hinders Mexico,from being the moft abfolute City in the World for delight and bravery, but onely two Inconveniences to which it. is fubject : The one isthe danger of the Lake, with the Infalls whereof it may feem to be almoft continually, threatned, and in ee Year 1629. did actually fuffera very great calamity, the Waters bireking through the Banks, ‘and drowning a great part of the City, w with the deftrudtion of much People, and the lofs of all their Goods intirely, through'the avarice (as isf{uppos’d) of the Vice-Roy that then was, and fome other of the King’s Officers, who diverted the Money that fhould have been employ’d for the fortifying and repairing of the Banks, to ‘their own proper ufes : Theother is from the nature of the Soil and Ground it felf on which it fkandeth ; which is found to havea tinGure of Sal Nitre in‘icr, fomewhat trong ; and the Winds partly from the Lake ic elf, and partly from the Hills about it, rai. fingthe Duft of this Earth conftantly every Evening, for many Moneths of the Year together, fo violently, that the Air is even darkned therewith for fome time : The Inhabitants are much annoy’d by it, and made fubjed to divers Hypocondrias cal Pains and Infirmicties, and fates kill’d with it, efpecially {uch as either cannot,or care not much to avoid it. The City lieth about fixty Leagues, or ahundred and fifty Miles diftant from the Atlantick. or North Sea, from whence by the Port of St. Jobn d’ Ullua, or Vera Crax, (which are.the ufual Landing-places) there is a fair and eafie March to Mexico, by the Cities of Xalabar, Perotta, Puebla de los Angelos, and Thafcalla, all of them open and unfortifi’d Places, (as likousilt Mexico it felf) and the Countrey round about very rich and well scesnmnudared with all things. The next City of notein ancient times was (bulula, which being builtin a fruit- City ealnis, ful Plain, had above twenty thoufand Dwelling-houfes, and as many more Ban- quetting-houfes, The number of the Temples and Turrets were equal with that of the days in the Year: The Government thereof belong’d toa Mayor. and fix Aldermen, and one chief Prieft ; for they never wentupon the leaft Defign before they had been at their Debotion in which’ the Prieft’s Office was onely to perfume the Idols four times in twenty four hours, viz. inthe Morning, ‘at Noon, after Sun-fet, and at Midnight ; at which times none durft be abfent, but they us’d alfo a cruel Exercife on rhea felyes; and one much more cruel on ach for on ufual Feaft-days.they abftain’d from Meat, Drink, and Sleep, {courg’d eis Bodies with knotted Cords after a miferable manner, evacuated heir Seed, that fo they might curb all flefhly Defires, and met every Night in a {pacious late, where fit- ting down they wounded themfelves with Lances\in their Legs and Arms, fo long till the Blood gufh’d out of the fame.;. which gathering ina. Cup, they shubnted their Temples therewith, and dipt the Santas in che fame, and then hung them up before the Temple in Bundles of Straw. Of thefe were a great number, and the more,. becaufe they never us'd their Lances but once. But onthefe Days, which were Confecrated to the Idol Tegcatlipuca, every one befides the Priefts wore a new Rope made of the Hemp Mangey, of a Fathom long, and a thick Knot atthe end, with which they beat themfelves fo miferably on their Backs, as if they ene to have broken them: After which the Priefts ftay’d five days in the Temple, i which they us’d the like cruelty, eating {carce once in.twenty four hours. Their Prifoners they us'd after a moft horrid manner, viz.. in their Temples flood a round Stage of Stone ; to the top of which they afcended by a — Scaf- fold, AMERICA Chap. V. fold, fupported by twenty eight Pillars, behind which appear’d thoufands of Mens Heads, and amongft them the Prifoners that were to be Offer’d fat ftark naked, and guarded by feveral Armed Men ; three Foot from the Steps which led up to the top of the Scaffold , ftood a pyramidical Stone, ( by the Indians call’d Quauxi- cali) and behind it two round Chappels, cover’d on the top like Mires, each had four Holes in a large Gate, in which fat a horrid Reprefentation, worfhipp’d by fix Priefts call’d Chackalmua, whereof one call’d Papas, or Topilzin, whofe Office was to pluck out the Hearts of the Prifoners, being in greateft efteem, wore a red Man- tle about his Body, not unlike a long Coat, with broad Fringe, which trail’d af. ter him upon the Ground, and alfo a Crown of green and yellow Plumes on his Head ; his Ears and under Lip were likewife adorn’d with Precious Stones: The other five appear’d in like manner with their Hands and Faces painted red, but ha. ving Leathern Fafcia’s about their Heads , and white Coats ftitch’d with Black on their Bodies, they might eafily be diftinguih’d from the Topilzin, who on a’ fudden ran.down the Stairs to the Prifoners, and fhew’d each of them an Image, (laying, This is your God) made of Bledo Pafte, Maiz and Honey, green Beads for Eyes, and Grains of Maiz for Teeth: whereupon the Prifoners were led up, and laid with their Backs on the fharp Stone Quauxicalli ; then the five Priefts took hold of their Leggs, Arms and Head, put woodden Collars about the Sufferet’s Necks, whilft the Topilzin fhew’d Reverence to the Idol; which done; with a fharp Stone he cut open the Breafts of the Prifoners, -who ina deplorable condition lay on the pyta- midical Stone, and pulling their Hearts out of their Bodies, fhew’d the fame reck- ing to the Sun, and at laft threw them toward the Idol, and the dead Bodies down the Stairs, where fome appointed for that purpofe carried the fame away; but eve- ry one taking his own Prifoner, and roafting and boyling him, ferv’d him up to his . Friends as a great Dainty. 7 he - This kind of Murdering was not onely us'd amongft the Mexicans, but alfo by all — the other neighboring Indians, and efpecially in the Gity Chulula, which (as we have faid before) fignifies The Sanétity of all the Gods: for in this Town fix thoufand Children were yearly Offer’d. The Citizens hereof us’d to drive a great Trade, efpecially in Cochinele. ~. Their Habits were feveral , for Perfons of Note wore Cotton Coats, about’ the Edges of which hung Feathers and pieces of Conyeskins : the meaner fort went in _ Nequons, or a fort of Linnen Coats made of the hairy Leaves of the Tree Maguey. 3. The City Tezuco, fall of handfom Streets and fair Houfes, is built near the fale Mexican Lake, yet hath no want of frefh Water, with which it is fupply’d by Gutters from the Mountains under Ground, according to Anthony Herrera, it twice exceedeth in bigne(s the famous City Sivill in Spain, es 4. Quitlavaca, by the Spaniards call’d Venezuela, (becayfe it is, like Venice, furr- rounded with Water, and divided into {everal Ifles,) boafted formerly above two thoufand Families: From the Town a Cawley of twenty Foot broad, and half a League long, leads through the Lake to the Main Continent. 5+ Yxtacpalapa, a very populous Place, and lying part of it in the falt Lake, and partly on the Main Land , where feveral frefh-water Pools afford ftore of Fifh, two Leagues diftant from Mexico, to which leads a broad, Way ; in the middle of which ftands a Fountain, furrounded with high Trees, which produces’ excellent Water. : ! ' 6. .Mexicaltzingo, fituate upon the Lake Laguna,-2 Town confifting of four thou- fand ftately Houfes. be 7+ C4ocan, in a fruitful Plain, containing fix thoufand, being but a League and a a half from Yetacpalapa : to which the neighboring Village Houcilopuche was nat miuch-inferior. Thefe three Places, before they were fubdu’d by the Spaniards, boafted many brave Temples and high Towers, whole luftre appear’d ata great diftance, but now being turn’d into Cloyfters, they are inhabited by Monks and Nuns. The Salt made here of Earth, though not white, and onely fit to make Pickle of, is Tranfported to many Places. About Mexico there are alfo feveral Villages, the chiéfeftof which are 1. Ma- fitlan, a Town pleafantly feated upon the top of an hiige Mountain, in the midft of moft delicate Groves and fhady Woods, and reckon’d to contain no lefs than thirty thoufand Inhabitants in all, dwelling either in the City, or upon the fides of the Mountain. 2. Antepecque ,; this isa Town belonging to the Marquefs de Valle, who is of the Pofterity of Cortez, and {aid to be feated in the moft delicious place of all New Spain. d a s 3. Acapulco, a Town feated upon the South-Sea, or Mare del Zur, yet. belong- ing to this Province... Itisa haven-Town, and one of the moft frequented upon the South-Sea, fituate upon a large and capacious Bay of about a League broad at the Entrance, and affording many convenient Stations and Docks for Shipping. At the bottom of the Bay Weftward lieth the Town, with a ftrong Caftle very op- portunely builc, both for the command and fecurity of the Port, well wall’d and fortifi’d with Bulwarks, and having a conftant Garrifon of four hundred Soldiers in it, or thereabouts. The reafon whereof, I fuppofe, may be chiefly this, viz. that from this Port there is the greateft Traffick and Entercaurfe held betwixt the Eaft and West-Indies, together with the Philippine Iflands. The Countrey hath many rich Mynes of Silver in it, and fome of Gold; the chief of which are by Herera reported to be thefe, viz, 1. Thofe of Puchuca, four- teen Leagues diftant from Mexico. 2 Of Tafco. 3. Talpuiana, 4. Cultepeque. 5. Zache alpa, 6. Zupanguo, and divers others. The. reft of the Villages are Guatitlan, Tenyauca, Efcapufqlco, Tacuba, and Su- chimilco. The neighboring Province Xilotepeck, which is exceeding fruitful, is alfo famous ‘for two Fountains, whereof one‘near the Village Queretaro produces boyling Water, which when cool’d, is a wholfom Drink for Cattel : The other for four years is full of Water, and for four years after it isempty ; in great rainy Seafons it is quite dry, and indroughty Weather it overflows. Between the Villages Queretaro and San Juan, isa Plain which extends it felf feveg Leagues in breadth, and feven in length, befides two Leagues farther beyond Quar- tero, where a hundred thoufand Head of Cattel, andten thoufand Horfes, find plentiful Pafture. The Mountain Nevada, near the City Delos Angelos, deferves no {mall admira- tion ; for it begins at thirty Leagues end to rife exceeding high, and being flat on the top, hatha wide gaping Mouth, whole bottom is fathomlefs , from which at Sun-rifing and fetting rifes a Smoak up dire&tly towards the Skie, but immediately after {preading like a Plume of Feathers, it is difpers’d by the Wind, and no more feen till it appears in a dusky Cloud. Wichthe Smoak are alfo Afhes vomited up; yet the Mountain is very pleafantly planted with lofty Cyprefs, Cedar,Oak, and Pine-Trees. The neighboring Fields abound likewife with Wheat, Cotton, and Maiz. There feldom appears any Rain here. At the Foot of this Mountain lies the Village Tepecco, famous for the Cryftal 7a | Cc and 249° Towns and pleafant Vib lages about Mexi¢¢. Strangé Fountain] The wonder- ful Mountain Nevada, 250 AMERICA. Chap. V. and Allom gotten there. The Village Ocotlan is alfo maintain’d by the fame : But Tuculala by Gold-Mines, and fruitful Lands, which are twice a year fhaken by Earthquakes; wherefore the Inhabitants live not in Stone Houfes, but in litcle Straw Huts. South-Eaftward from Nerada is excellent Sugar to be had, and on the Mountain it felf che famous Gum Anime, which drops out of a Tree call’d Jetaiba, which is al- ways green, with hard white Wood, a pale yellow fpeckled Bark, three long foft Leaves hanging one over another on one Stalk, and the Fruit on the middle of the Body. After the rainy Seafon is paft in Ofober, then they cut a Hole in the Body of the Tree, out of whichthe Gum drops: ithath a pleafant {mell, and: is exceed- ing good againft the Head-ache occafion’d by Colds. Not far from hence appears the Valleys Matalzingo and Atzompam, which have -excellent Paftures, in which Diego Nunnex de Camargo bred forty thoufand Sheep out of twoin ten years time. 18 And thefe are the chiefeft Towns, Villages, and Countreys, which {urround the famous City Mexico. ahs, The firl Concerning the erecting of this City, the Indians relate thus: That the feventh Vopr Family of the Navatlaca’s, Extraéted out of the Countrey Aztlan, rang’d up and 46s down not without thoufands of Inconveniences, from one Countrey to another, according to the Information which their Sages had given their Spirit Viztlputls, till at laft fome of the Priefts ftraying from the Army, or rather Multitude,got into a Wildernefs, full of Brambles and Thorns, and came at length to a Place where was a Spring of clear Water, in which the Fifhes glitter’d like Silver ; where tae king up their repofe that Night, their Spirit inform’d the oldeft of them ina Dream, that they fhould find thereabouts a Tunal Tree (whofe Leaves grow out of oneanother) under which, on a Stone, lay the Heart of the famous Sorcerer (opil : This Tunal Tree fhould be difcover’d by a Crane on the top of it, which in one Foot fhould hold.a Bird, and in the other a Bough of the Tree, near which they were to build a City: The old Prieft waking, and relating his Dream, every one endeavor’d to find out the fore-mention’d Tree; at Jaft they found it, by difcover- ing onthe top a Crane, with fpread-out Wings looking up towards the Sun, and holding in hisClaws a fmall Bird, invefted with curious Feathers: Whereupon they with all {peed built a Chappel of Turf and Clods of Earth, and cover’d the fame with Canes, to keep their Idol from the Weather, refolving, fo foon as they could, to build him a better Temple. The Lake on whofe Ifles they fetled, abounded with Fifh and Fowls, whichthey exchang’d with the neighboring People for Stone and Mortar for the building of a Temple for Viztliputzli,and anew City ; to which they made a Cawley inthe Lake Laguna, and divided it into four great Wards or Divifions, and fubdivided them again into leffer , over which they plac’d peculiar Idols, and order’d a Crane like that which they had feen on the Tunal Tree tobe their City Arms. The dividing of the Wards occafion’d great diflikeamongft the Grandees, judging thofe to whofe lot they fell, not to be worthy of them ; wherefore deferting the fame, and tra- velling along the Lake Laguna, they fetled themfelves at laft in a fandy Soil, which they call’d Tlattellulco, and entertain’d a bitter hatred againft their Countrey-men who kept the four Wards of the new Tenujtitan, doing them all the mifchief they could; wherefore the Affaulted were neceffitated to chufe a King, that they might be the better able to oppofe their Enemies : But that they might not raifea Dif- content amongft themfelves about electing a Governor, they judg’d it fitteft to take a Foreigner; amongft whomshey found none fo capable of fo great an Office as Acamapixtly, 7s = — .~» ' ' ; 1h | * ! i} ’ ’ ‘ ) : : ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ 4 c - ; - 14 oe - ‘ | sy i : yf 4 t ’ ry om | ‘f . t 1 ; 7 i , a4) ' - , + : 4 . ‘ : ' A if - : hy ; - ' : : * f y 7 - i - ly . ‘ ‘ re ’ met ab ‘ 4 Pm io. Jt ' : : { : ty 7 hu ‘7 ; : : f ' r : 4% F \ . ; : - Om | y iv. Cie ¢ : a imi j 4 ‘ 4 ‘ ita | : : ' - - \ ' ai - , 7 g 7 \ a} ih : : : ' i ;s + 4) _ rae : in en W : i ,| : ' by Uy fi : f 7 Ty ‘ i ‘na A s s' IREe | t : kh a 77 Gy & | ToeP ys 4 : iY ‘ a! i 4 + . Dea i | . + ® : ; : - ala ab ; bo : > n ' ; >» | 7 : a ; - [ - j i bp a : r : Ja ah) j beh de ; WOR it Tie | \ , 5 »i wae * fe ; ? ‘ nw! 4 4 ; * | > be ey - - r ‘Chap. V. AMERICA. Acamapixtli, Grand-fon tothe King of Culhuacan, whereupon fending Ambafladors thither, they obtain’d their defires. The new King was no fooner Crown’d, but he fettled all things in order with great Prudence, infomuch, that Mexico grew daily to be more famous and fear’d : But this fudden growth rais’d a jealoufie amongft the Neighbors, who dreaded their growing Power and Valor. The Tapunecans who were alfo a valiant People, being the neareftto them, and having Axcapuzalco for their chief City, made ir their main defign, utterly to root out the Mexicans, before they grew to be more Populous and Potent; notwith- ftanding they had hitherto receiv’d Tribute from them, for delivering the Lake Laguna to them, which was a quantity of Timber and Plants ; yet they demanded not only more Tribute than formerly, but alfo in fuch a suuaniier as was thought impoflible to have been perform’d, which was, that thofe Plants which were far-- merly brought to them, as growing on the Land, fhould be fet in the Water, foas to come floating to them, as they grew, to Afcapuzalco, which if they did not pay, they fhould exped to be all puttothe Sword. The Mexicans much amaz’d hereat, and not knowing how to produce the demanded Plants, Viztliputzli inform’d thin oldeft Prieft, that the demands might be fatisfi’d and seepinanied him to throw Earth on the Water, and to Sow Seed on the fame, eneer at the ufual time praduc’ d Maiz, Axi, Chias, Tomates, and the like, with which the Tapunecans being fatishi'd, de- | 25% Proceedings between the Tapuneca’s and Mexi. Cans, mand next a Goole, jaa a Hen which laid Eggs, out of which the young ones : fhould appear, has on the floating Clods of Earth, the Nefts came oppofite to Azcapuzalco, which by the advice of Vizehiputzli, they penforsa” d fifty years one after another. Mean while, Acamapixtli (who had inlarg’d Mexico with Streets, Palaces, Temples, and Markets) dying, would not name any one to fucceed him, but left the choice of the Eleétion to the Commonalty, who Crown’d his Son itzilovitli, and Marry’d him to the King of Tapunecans Daughter, that by that means they might gain his friendfhip, and be eas’d of their ftrange Annual Tribute: Where- upon Ajauchigual, the King of Tapanecans Daughter being Marry’d to /itzilovitli,was within twelve Moneths deliver’d of a Son, which the Grand-father call’d Chi- malpopoca, which fignifies 4 Gun which gives Siwike; and afterwards was fatish’d with two Geefe, and fome Fifh yearly from the Mexicans, onely asan Acknowledgment that they inhabited his Countrey. Chimalpopoca loofing .his Parents, in his tenth year was Crown’d King, with a Bowe and Arrows in his left Hand, and a Waod- den Sword imthe right: Soon after he oblig’d his Mothers Father to be kind to the Mexicans, for they being in great want for frefh Water, he had leave by Channels to bring the fame out of the Mountain Chapultepec, a League diftant from Mexico ; to which purpofe they made a Pipe of Planks, and hollow Trees joyn’d toge- ther with Clay, quite through the Lake; but this Pipe not being teight and dura. ble, and the frefh Water by that means mixing with the Salc,they fent Agents to Az> capuzalco, to requeft Stones, Mortar, and Workemen to make a fubftantial Sewer : This meflage was ill refented by the Council of Azcapuzalco ; What, (aid they) do the Mexicans think, fhall a rambling company of People, which on Charity live in anothers Countrey, Command thofe that Govern them to be their Servants ? This grudge went fo far, that at laft they taok a Refolution without the King’s knowledge; (for he was fuf- | pected, becaufe of his Grand-chil’d (himalpopoca) to forbid all manner of Trade with the Mexicans; nay, to endeavor utterly to root them out; yer fome judg’d, that they ought to {pare Chimalpopoca, while others on the contrary {aid , That he ought to be deftray'd, becaufe his Father being a Mexican, he would to the utmojt of his Power defend his People ; which laft being approy'd of, fo sieuhied the King of the Tapunes Ce 2 Pants, — AMERICA. | Chap. V. cans, that he dy’d of grief; for the Defign being foon after put into execution, and the Tapuneca’s breaking in the Night into Chimalpopoca’s Palace, Murder’d him : which Murder made the Mexicans thirft for revenge; whereupon,, fetting them- felves wholly againft the Tapunecans, they enter’d into a League with Vexcuco, and Culbuacan, and chofe Ixcoalt, for his great Valor , for their King; notwithftanding Acamapixtli had begotten him on a Slave. ‘ pe anne Ixcoalt was no fooner Crown’d,but he made great preparation for a War,though mapas againft every ones Opinion, becaufe of the Populoufnels of the Tapunecans ; yet it was concluded on, that they fhould requeft Peace, and a place to inhabit on the main Continent, that fo they might remove from the Ifles: This Requeft they thought could not be deny’d them in Axcapuzalco, provided the Mexicans brought their Gods thither, and wholly conform’d themfelves to the manners of the Tapu- necans, for otherwife they could expect nothing but utter Ruine: Yet though eve- ry one elfe imbrac’d the Propofal, Tlacaellel, the King’s Nephew, ftiffly oppos’d it; alleging, that it did not'agree with the Mexicans quality, to make fo mean and fla. vith a Proffer; and that they had beft confider , firft if there were no other means to be found: and that he would willingly venture his Life in going to Azcapuxalco, as a Spie, to pry into their wholé Defigns and Intentions, which was perform’d ac- cordingly ; and foon after returning, he brought information, that the Tapunecans were making great preparations for War, and made no mention at all of Peace; which news {truck a general fear into all Peoples Hearts ; many defiring that they might fave themlelves by flight ; but Izcoale putting frefh courage into them, made an agreement with the People, that if he was beaten by the Tapunecans, they fhould eat him up ; but if he prov’d Conqueror, they fhould all be at his Command ; to which all confenting, they boldly march’d with their King to the City Azcapuzalco. The Front of the Army confifting of the prime Nobility, wasled by Thcaellel, and the Rear Izcoalt brought up, who was alfo to give the fign ona Drum, when they fhould fall upon the Enemies; who having ten Men to the Mexicans one, fuddenly Sally’d out of the Gates, where they were fo briskly entertain’d by Tlacaellel, that in a confus'd manner they foon ran back into the City, whither the Conqueror purfuing them, got within the Gates, where he put all tothe Sword which he could meet with; fome fled to a fteep neighboring Mountain, whither being alfo follow’d, they threw down their Arms, and begg’d Quarter, to ferve the Mexicans as Slaves, which was granted them, whilft Ixcoalt found an unvaluable Mafs of Treafure in Azcapuzalco, and diftributed the Conquer’d Countrey amongft thofe who had behav’d themfelves beft. This Conqueft made the neighboring People jealous of the Mexicans, whofe Suce cefs and growing Power they dreaded, | The Soa The Towns Tacuba and (uyoacan, though they had Governors of their own, yet Tamar? Were fubject to the Tapunecans, whofe General advifing thofe of Axcapuzalco to try an- _ other Encounter, they took up Arms again ; but before it came toa Battel, the (syoacans play’d a fubtile trick with the Mexicans, for inviting them to an Idolatrous Feaft, after they had Eat, Drunk, and Danc’d, they fore’d them to put on Wo- mens Apparel, to their no fmall difgrace and ignomy; which remain’d not unre- veng’d, for the Mexicans made a Poyfonous Fume in the Gates of Cuyoacan, which made Women with Child to Mifcarry, and many to fall dangeroufly fick, yet laft- . ly, both Parties march’d into the Fields, where whilft Izcoalt was elfewhere in- gag’d, Tlacaellel marching about, came upon the backs of the (uyoacans with fuch eagerne(s, that they fled toa flrong Temple, which.foon after was fet on fire by Tlacaellel, who purfu'd the Enemy ten Leagues, + — : - -_ - » ca _ - — La -* ~ Se eal = — = —~< _ = = - be > - ey, —— me . - * —_e “ ’ -_- ~ ele, hate — - a i ~ _ : = - - ae - _ This Chap. .V. "AMER Cd, This Conqueft ftir'd up the Suchimilcos, the firft Family of the Navatlaca’s, to ftop the proceedings of the Mexicans, that they might not, as they,had already done to others, fall upon them; to which putpofe they thought to furprize the Conquer- ing Army; but Tlacaellel who led the Yan, march’d in good Order to meet the Su- chimilcos, fell refolutely upon their whole Army, and after a fhort conflia, put them to flight, and took the City Suchimilco for Txcoalt, who being ‘Crown‘d King tliere, Commarided the Conquer’d to makea direct Road betwixt Suchimilco and México, of four Leagues long, both, that a [rade might the eafier be drove between thefe two Cities , and to keep them the better in:awe: Notwithftanding thefe exam- ples, Cuytlavacan,a City built at the Lake Laguna, trufting to the abundance of Boats; which the Citizens knew how-to ufe with great dexterity , daily molefted Mexi» co with them by Water, whereupon Jzcoalt refolv'd to fend his Vitorious Army thie "ther, but Tlacaellel oppofing the fame, promis'd to fubdue the Rebelling City with a confiderable number of Boys, which had skill in the managing of a Canoo, which being permitted him, he accordingly made himfelf Mafter of Cuytlavacan, ftom whence the Boys brought a great Booty,’ and divers Prifoners, whom they fent as an Offering to Vitzlipultzii. ihe ! Thefe unheard of Victories being {pread far and near, mov’d Tezcuco after {eve- ral Skirmifhes and Conflicts with Tlacaellel, to fubmit to the Mexican King, who chofe the Governor thereof for his Prime Councellor. Izcoalt Deceafing , after having Reign’d twelve years, his Son Muteczuma was chofen his Succeflor; the Ele- &ion and Coronation being perform’d after the following manner. The new King mantled in Tygers Skins, was led into the chief Temple before a Hearth, on which burnt Fire both Night and Day ; not far from which ftood the ™. Throne, where fitting down, he Offer’d Blood, which was taken from his:Cheeks, Ears, and Legs; after which, an Orator Congratulated him, in the name of the Nobility ; which done, they ended the Solemnity in a great Dinner, EiresWorks, and Dancing: At the fame time it was eftablifh’d, that all: Future’ Coronations fhould be kept with an Offering of Provifions, fetch’d by the King out of the Ene- mies Countrey : wherefore Muteczuma going to the Countrey Chalco,. took feveral of the Natives, whofe reaking Hearts he Offer’d to Viztlipuztli: Which done, the Coronation follow’d, to which an innumerable company of People came flocking from all the neighboring Provinces : Thofe which were. Tributaries, brought Prefents with them, before which the Heralds carry’d the Coats of Arms belong. ing to the Nobility of Mexico, in a good order. Soon after the King’s Coronation, he march’d and fell upon Chalco, the Inhabi- tants of which defended themfelves very Valiantly , took Muteczuma’s Brother, among feveral other Prifoners; to whom the Conquerors proffer'd the Govern- ment; which at firft he refus'd, but at laft.accepted of on this condition, that a high Maft fhould be ereéted with a Scaffold on the top, which made every one {uppofe, that Mutecguma’s Brother did in that manner aim at a high Election, but he at the appointed time, getting on the topiof the Maft, call’d with a loud voice, and fpake to the taken Mexicans which were there prefent.to this effec : Chalco feeks to fet me on the Throne, the Heavens will not permit it, learn by me rather to die, than to live and be guilty of Treafon to your Countrey: which he had no fooner faid; but with fome Flowers which he held in his Hand, threw himfelf down from the Scaffold; ‘which fo inrag’d the Chalcoans, that they immediately flew all the other Mexicans that were there prefent; which not long after was reveng’d by Muteczuma, who not onely fubdu’d Chalco, but feveral other Provinces, leaving onely Tlafcala une attempted, that the Mexicans might have a neighboring Enemy to fetch Prifoners C63 from | - 253 Texeuce fabs mits to the Mexicans. Mutezuma’s Brothertaken Prifoner by thofe of Chala co. An exdmple! of great Fide litys — _ i e - al - af ee ete le > —— eee - . —_ Ps a - - —_— — ‘ - a = ~ ~~ - a" . a ~<- . =” 7 — s = Ld = _—. _ —— — _— -_ a as - “ —_ 7 - — {~~ our v -~ — vr —d > . _ = > Pee ree Ve = ~~ — s ™ — LE from for their Offerings, and alfo by Skirmifhing with them, train up their Youth in Martial Difcipline. | Py. | Thus. his Predeceffors and he, having Conquer’d divers Provinces, infomuch that he was now become abfolute Emperor over a vaft Tra& of Land, he refolv’d to fettle the fame in good order; to which purpofe he erected Courts of Judica- ture, with good Laws; built a ftately Palace and Temple; ordain’d fevetal Cu- ftoms to be obferv’d in Religion ; which done, and having Reign’d twenty eight she - me years, he Deceafing, left Ticocic for his Succeffor. Defctiption The foremention’d Temple was call’d' Cu, being built of Stone, in form like a ae Serpent, of an.excéeding bignefs,. in the middle thereof there was a {pacious open place, and round’ about. it Habitations, two Stories high, the lowermoft for the Inferior Priefts,:and the uppermoft for the High Priefts, in this place alfo above ten thoufand People Danc’d in a Citele, on all high Feafts, four gteat Gates fac’d the like number of broad Streets, each two. Leagues long: On’the outmoft Gate ftood large Images, the Front of black Stones, Painted between each Lay with red and yellow Colours, no lefs Beautiful than Artificial: On each corner of the Tém- ple were plac’d two Marble Statues of Indians , fitting with their Arms ftreech’d out, and holding a Candle, and on their Heads Plumes of Feathers: Thirty high ‘fteps led up to a round place, fet about with Deaths-Heads, which was a Stage ap- pointed for the flaughter of thofe,whofe Hearts were to be Offer’d to the Diabolical gods, and whofe Heads, their Bodies being eaten, were brought back to the Priefts, who hung them under the Stage, where every Head hanging till it dropp’d off, the vacant place was immediately fupply’d with a frefh Head. At the end of the Stage ftood two Chappels, cover’d like a Cardinal’ssCap, in one of which fate the Image of Tiztlputali, and in the other Tlaloc, to which led a hundred and twenty Stone fteps. i But befides this ftately Temple Cu, Mexico boafted nine more, ftanding not far afunder in a large Plain, all adorn’d with curious Imagery, and fet out with large Pillars, each being Dedicated to a peculiar Idol, and built with magnificent Apart- ; . ments, ake oe Shap. Ve AMERICA. ments, for the Priefts to lodge in ; the chiefeft of them Dedicated to an .Idol call’d Texeatlipuca, or Lord of the Humble. ‘This Temple was afcended to by eighty fteps, and had before it a {pacious Court; within.alow and broad Gate appear’d a high Vail, which open’d into a {pacious {quare Hall, hung with Tapeftry,. at 255 the end whereof ftood large Images, and beyond which were feveral Rooms, - in which Affemblies: met, Scholars. were taught, Judges fate, and Priefts Re- . fided. But to return again to Muteczuma, his Funeral was no fooner finifh’d, but the four Prime Councellors were attended by the Commiffioners of Tezcuco ab Tacu- ba, in order to the Election of a new Kiitg : Tlacaellel being the chief amongft the Dukes, was by a general Vote Saluted King, as being moft worthy theteak, for his {pecial Services fhown in behalf of the Empire of Mexico: But he humbly re- fufing the fame; was defir’d to’ Nominate another, whereupon he making choice of Ticocic,; Muteczuma’s eldeft Son ; the Council itninabdiately bor’d a bole through his Nofe, and hung an Emrauld i iv the fame. | But’ before he receiv’d the Crown, he was fore’ d, according to the Cuftom, to fetch in fome of his Enemies for an OF. fering, atic though he perform’d, yet he loft more Mexicans than he took Prifo- ners, not without fufficient teftimony of Cowardife ; which being ill refented by the People, he was Poyfon’d in the fourth year of his Reign, and fucceeded by his Brother Axayaca, by the appointment of Tlacaellel; who having attain’d to a great Age, and left the Charge of his Children to thenew King, departed this Life, to the great forrow and grief of the whole Empire; by the States whereof he was ik. ry’d with great Solemnity. In the mean time, Axayaca went with a ‘onhitieale Army to’ the remote Pro- vince Teguantepek, to feeck Prifoners to be Offer’d at his Coronation; and marche ing before alone, Challeng’d his Antagonift, the King, to a fingle Combat, which he refus'd, and chofe rather to fall upon..Acayaca with all his Forces; whereupon, the Mexicans cunningly feign’d flight, ambufcaded themfelves till the Enemies pur- fuing them, gave them their defir’d advantage, for rufhing out of their Ambufcade, they fet upon the Teguantepecks, fo diforder’d, that they eafily put them to flight, and hadthe purfuic of them as far as Guatulco, a noted Haven upon the South-Sea ; from whence Axayaca returning Viétor, receiy’'d a Crown for a Reward; yet notwithftanding thefe Proofs of his Valor, the Lord of Tlatellulco Challeng’d him; Whereupon he fent Agents thither, with proffers , that fince the Citizens of Tla tellulco were of one Blood with the Mexicans, whom they deferted upon the divie ding of the Wards and Towns, juft before the Election of the firft King Acamapixtli, they fhould, if they pleas’d, be receiv’d anew into fellowfhip and alliance with the Mexicans, acknowledging one and the fame King for their Supreme Head and Go- vernor : But the Ambafladors being {corn’d and laugh’d at for, their proffers, re turning, related the fame to Axayaca, who immediately marching thither to take revenge, fent part of his Army to fall on the Enemy by Water, whilft himfelf falling upon them by Land, ‘put the Lord of Tlatellulco, with his whole Army, to flight, which was fo clofely purfu’d, that they fore’d shietn way into the City with them, put the Governor to Death, and laid the Town in Afhes; thofe which went by Water, having had no lefs fuccefs. Axayaca, after eleven years Reign, Deceafing, bequeath’d his Crown to Autzol, who fought to promote his Election by ingaging with the mighty Province Qua» xutatlan, whofe Inhabitants, though buta little before, they had been fo bold asto demand Tribute of the Mexicans, yet terrifi’d at the ‘approach of Autzol’s Army, fled over an Arm of the Sea, where i had been fecure, had not Autzol invented a floating Tlacaellel re- fig gns the Kinedoms to Ticecie. Axayacan cholen King; His Vidtory againft the. Teguante- | pecks, Autzol fac ceeds hint, | AMERICA — Chap. V. floating Ifle of Planks, by which he got over his whole Army ; upon which the amaz’d Quaxututlans immediately fubmitted themfelves to the Mexicas, who pur- fuing their Vitory, extended their Dominions to Guatimala, over a Tract of three hundred Leagues. | Auzl'sGe- The new King having now fubdu’d all his Enemies, and made himfelf glorious Mrgntceney by his Victories, was alfo ambitious to be as much extoll’d for his Generofity | aiid Magnificence; to which purpofe he diftributed all the Wealth which was ato him from the neighboring Countreys, amongft the Poor and the No- bility; to the firft he gave Clothes and Provifions; to the laft, Plumes of Feathers and Arms. Moreover he caus’d all mean Moufes to be pull’d down and new ones to be builtin their places. Laftly, he confulced how to bring frefh Water into Mexico, which was plac’d in a brackifh Soil: Upon this Defign he was fo bent, that when one of his Sages diflwaded him from it, alledging, That the Water would drown the City, he, in ftead of following his Advice, banifh’d him his Prefence, and upon his flying to (uyaocun, caus’d him to be fetch’d from thence and Executed. Then profecuting his Defign, he cut the Ditch before (xyaocun, by which means great ftore of frefh Water came flowing into the, Lake Laguna, which the Priefts welcom’d with ftrange Ceremonies ; for fome perfum’d the Water, others Offer’d Quails Blood, whilft others play’d on feveral Mufical Inftruments, with many other Ceremonies, whichare at large defcrib’d in the ancient Mexican Chronicles, | kept in the Vatican Library at Rome. But the Prophecy of the Executed Sorcerer wasin a manner fulfill’d, for the Water overwhelm’d a great part of Mexico, and divided the City into Ifles: But to prevent farther Mifchief , Autzoll caus’d Banks to be rais’d, and Channels digg’d; and not iong after, in the eleventh Year of his Reign, he deceas’d : After which the Mexican Kingdom tended towards its period, as the enfuing Story will declare. Amongft the Mexican Nobility, Mutexuma, a melancholy Man, yet very prudent, who refided in a ftately Apartment near the great Temple (u, that there he might the betrer converfe with Vizelipuatli, was elected King ; which he no fooner heard, but fled from hence : but being found out, he was againft his willled to the Grand Affembly, and from thence tothe holy Hearth,where for an Offering he drew Blood out of his Cheeks, Ears, and Legs ; and, according to an ancient Cuftom, the (oun cil of State boring a Hole in his Nofe, hung an Emerauld in the fame ; after which the Lord of Tefcuco faluted him with a Speech ; which (fince it is mention’d by Fofeph d’ Acofta, together with feveral other Speeches of Congratulation to their Kings, which were taught to Schollars, to make them expert in their Language) it will not be amifs to be annexed here, that of many this one may ferve for a pat- tern of the Mexicans Eloquence, which is as followeth : brought u sh 2 - - -* = —— — - —— A ~ bom ~ - - ~ mt ——— ee —E ete +. o- oO tle = » _—~ ~. “" - — ae = am - 7 at — - * " - = “ = =-=- = +> - a * ~ _ Tefeuco bis Speech to Atutecquma. biden 4 Wi great happinels, moft noble Muteczuma,which is befall’n this Realm by ce your Eleétion, may eafily be conjeétur’d from the general joy, none bes “ fides your felf being able to undergo an Office, in the management whereof fo « much Prudence is requir’d : It isa moft certain teftimony that God loves Mexico, ‘that he hath given its Inhabitants underftanding to make fuch a Choice. Who - «can doubt, but that you who have expatiated through the Heavens, and con- <¢ yers’d with Viztlipuztli, may eafily Govern us Mortals on Earth? Who can de- “ fpair, but that the Vertue inclos’d within your Breaft, will extend tothe Widows ‘and Orphans ? Therefore rejoyce, O Mexico ; the Heavens have granted usa ‘Prince without Vice; Merciful, and not a Violator of. the Laws ; Affable, © not defpifins common Converfation. And you, O King, let not this great Pres pluns > BF ; ‘¢ ferment hap. V. 7 AMERICA ‘ferment occafion any alteration in your fo long known Vertues: The Crown «* breeds care for the publick good ; the troubles thereof muft extend over the ‘* whole Realm, and every one in the Realm. Muteczuma having heard out the Speech, would willingly have anfwer’d the fame, but could not utter a word for Tears, which gufh’d from his Eyes. Before he went out to fetch Prifoners for Offerings at his Coronation, he firft fetled his Houfhold Affairs. And whereas till this time the Kings had been ferv'd in their Palaces by ordinary Citizens, he took Knights, and the chiefeft of the Nobility, intending thereby to makea diftinétion between the Nobility and the common People , and add more, Majefty to the Royal Dignity. This done, Muteczuma marching againft a certain rebellious Province, fetch’d a confiderable number of People to be Offer’d to Viztupuztli, At his Return the Coronation-Day. was ap- pointed, againft which thoufands of People came to Mexico , even their very Enea mies of Tlafcala, Mechoacan, and Tepeaca, which were never conquer’d by the Mexis cans, flock’d thither in great numbers. All thofe Countreys which were under Tribute bringing unvalitable Treafures,came in vaft Multicudes,which fo throng’d the City, that the very tops of the Houfes were fill’d with Spectators, no King in ‘Mexico ever going to the Throne in fuch fplendor ; nor was ever any King fo much fear’d by his Subjeéts, none of the common People daring to look in his Face ; neither did he ever fet Foot on the Ground, but was always catried in a Chair on the Shoulders of his ptime Nobility ; he never wore a Suit of Clothes but once, nor ever us’d a Cup or Dith after it was once foul’d ; he ftri@ly main- tain’d the Laws which he had made, and often -went himfelf in a Difguife, to make a ftric&t enquiry after all Affairs whatfoever ; by which means the Mexican Power was now arriv‘dto the higheft top: but, as otherRealms, grown top-heavy with good Fortune, turn at laft topfiecurvy, juft fuch a Misfortune befell Mexico ; but not without feveral fore-running figns of itsdeftru@ion: foriin the City Cholola their God Quealcoalt inform’d them, that a ftrange People were coming to take pofleffion of the Mexican Dominions, and their Soothfayers ptognofticated the fame, for which Muteczuma committed them all to Prifon, and doubtlefs had put them all to death, had not they efcap’d with the help of the Mafter of cheir diabolical Art : and though they efcap’d them(elves, yet their Wives and Children were all put to death upon the King’s Command : Soon after which appear'da mighty Comet, or blazing Starfor a whole year together ; the gteat Temple Cu was fet'on Fire, and burnt to the Ground none knew how; the Water which was thrown on the fame to quench it, burnt like Brimftone , in the Skie appear'd three fiery Heads at noon-day, and out of a long Tail fhot Sparks on the Earth ; the Laguna, between Mexico and Texcuco, began to {well into a Tide, which turn’d fome Houfes topfies turvy ; afhrill Voice was heard in the Night crying on the Water, Children, your ruine is at hand ; whither fhall I carry you that you may not be loft ? No lefs ftrange is what d’ Acofta relates of a Bird prefented to Muteczumd, not unlike a Crane, which the Fifhermen had taken on the Laguna; on the fhining Forehead of which there appear’d the refemblance of two Armies Engag’d, and one defeated by the other, and that whilft the Sages, call’d to interpret the meaning hereof, fat in Confultation, the Bird vanith’d, Moreover, there goesa Tradition, That a Countrey-man being at his Labor, was taken up by an Eagle, and carried through the Air into a gloomy Caye, where a Man lay faft afleep fnoaring, when on a fudden he heard a Voice afar off, faying, Do you know that Man > whereupon the Countrey-man taking [pecial notice of the | dormant 257 Preparations for the Coro. Nation af Autecze una, His Gran- eur, The ruine of the Mexican Empire preg- nolticated, A miraculous Story of a Bird, Another of a Country. man, 258 AMERICA. Chap. "V+" * dormant Man, knew him, by the Royal Apparel, to be Mutexuma ; after which the Voice was heard again, faying, How foundly doth he fleep : the time is coming which provides Punifhments for many Crimes ; burn the Snoarer with the Torch which he bolds in his Hands, he will feel no pain: Not long after he being inform’d hereof, and look. ing on his Thigh, found the fame burnt, to his no {mall amazement. Shai News of the ‘Having now poffefs’d the Throne fourteen years, he receiv’'d news of a earner Fleet, and therewith a Draught of the Men and Veffels painted on Cloth. This ftartling him, he immediately advis’d with his Council, who judg’d it convenient to fecure the Coaft along the Southern Ocean with ftrong Watches; yet neverthes le(s Ferdinand Cortefivs Landed with five hundred Foot and fixty Horfe, took the City Potanchanum, match’d through the Countrey Sicuchimalar to Tafcalleca, where they had a fharp Conflié, in which the Spaniards were in great danger; and had not they had fix Field-Pieces with ‘them, which did as much affright as hure the Indians, they had without doubt been cut off there. In Chinrutecal they were in as much danger ; for certainly the Spanifh Army had been fet upon in the Night, had not a Woman inform'd them of it. | | Mean while Muteczuma con fulted with his Sorcerers to deftroy (ortefius by Charms, who then was marching through Chalo, whereupon a confiderable number of Sorces » yers went thither to the top of a high Mountain, where,as they were beginning their Incantations and Charms, their Idol Tezcalipuca appear'd to them : and in an angry manner told them,’ That Monteczuma fhould lofe his Crown and Life ; and to con- firm his words, he fhew’d thema dreadful [pcétacle ; for looking about, they faw the City ina light flanie. This being toldto Muteczuma, he refolv’d to make him- felf as fecure as he could, and went'to meet Corte/ins with coftly Prefents, delivering him the Crown in the prefence of all his Council, to which purpofe he took one Marina, experienc’d in the Caftilian Tongue, with him for his Interpreter ; all things then {eeming to end in Friendfhip. But they continu’d not long in that ftate ; for (ortefins, whole whole Defign was to bring Mexico under the Spaniards Subs jection, not long after accus’d Muteczuma, that Coalcopuca had on his Commands ftorm’d the new Spanifh City Vera (vax, which he could no way excufe ; and not- Mums Withftanding Muteczuma deliver’d him (oalcopoca, with fifteen of his Nobles Prifo- committed to ° ' . : Reiley Pee who were all burnt with green Wood ; yet he was committed Prifoner, to the great difcontent of the Mexicans, who faid, “ That they were now come toa « fine pafs, to be thus fool’d by a few Strangers, who had imprifon’d their King, ‘‘ trampled upon their ancient Images, endeavor'd to murther them all, and in de- “foite of them brought their mortal Enemies, the Tafcaltecans and Guaxuzingans, ins : “to Mexico. Gores About this time there were certain Ships come to Vera Crux, which was -a new zint Pea Port-Town of this Countrey, that the Spaniards had built fince their coming thi- aes Pay ther. and had Landed near upon athoufand Men ; which was an Accident that had like to have {poil’d the Defign of Cortéfivs and all his Company at Mexico, thefe Men being fent by James Vela/quex, Governor of Cuba, exprefsly againft (orte/ius and his Men, upon pretencethat they had acted not conformably to the Commiffion which they had receiv’d from him, arid gave him no account of their proceedings, which in a great meafure was true + for it muft be confefs’d, that Cortefius and his Men finding themfelves to have fall’n upon an Adventure that was certainly rich and good, ‘and having got {uch footing and intereft in the Countrey already, by their Succefs and Vitories, and chiefly by their Confederacy with fo many of the Natives and People of the Countrey, revolted to them, did almoft at firft, by a'ge- neral confent, renounce their Commiffion, and dependency upon Velafyuex, and | profelsd - ul? Ghap. Vi. - AMERTES. profeis'd tq act immediately from and for the King ‘of Spain. What pretences they had for fuch a Refolution, feemingly at leaft irregular is not fo well known, What. ever they were, they proceed in it, and the whole Company (excepting onely fame few, who yet went along with the reft) chufe Cortefius anew for their Commander in chief, and appoint likewife by common confent, all othe Officers of Juftice, both Civil and Military, among themfelves: andto give the better colour at Court to their Proceedings, they fend Portocorrero and Monteio, two of their Principals, in- to Spain, with a rich and noble Prefent to the Emperor, both to make report of the State of the Countrey, and to procure immediate Commiffion from his Majefty, ta proceed ; after which they advance towards Mexico, as hath been {aid. Velafquez, being at Cuba, and underftanding their Proceedings, labor’d to intercept both their Meffengers and Prefent, but could not ; and therefore {ent Pamphilius Narvaez with eleven Ships, and about nine hutidred or a thoufand Men to apprehend (ortefins, and oppofe his Proceedings. This hapned about the time that the Differences were but newly calm’'d betwixt the Spaniards and the People of Mexico ; and though it obs lig’d Cortefis to leave the City in awavering and unfetled condition, yet he took fuch order, that Mateczuma ftill remain’d under the Guard of the Spaniards as before, affifted with thoufands of their Friends of Tlafcalla, and he himfelf taking the reft, and fome few Spaniards along with him, with undaunted courage and refolution marches againft Narvaez : and fuch was his good fortune,that not onely Narvaez be- came his Prifoner without much blood-fhed, but likewife all his Men joyn’d with him in his Defign, through the favour of the Chancery or fupream Court of St. Dos mingo, and by the procurement of the Licentiat Va/quex de Ayllon, a Judge of it, wha was fent with Narvaez to accommodate the Differences. With this Recruit Corte- fius marches back again to Mexico; but at his coming finds things in a very bad con- dition ; for the Citizens, gather’d together under the Command of one Quicuxte- moc, had recourfe to Arms, and for three days and three Nights vex’d the Spaniards with continual Stormings, notwithftanding what-ever Commands they had to the contrary from theit imprifon’d King, who at laft, looking out of a2 Window, endeavoring to appeale them, was hurt with a Stone, of which he foon after died, as they fay, who would not have the Spaniards thought to have murder’d him, asthe Mexicans fay they did, with divers other Noble-men} and fome of his Children, the - very Night they fled. However it were, not long after his Death, out of extream neceffity, and chiefly for want,of Vidtuals, the Spaniards were forc’d to leave the Ci- ty in the night-time, and with the lofs of four hundred and fifty of their Men, who were either flain or taken Prifoners at the pafling ofa Draw-bridge, the reft ma- king a heavy Retreat to their Friends at Tlafcalla. There is ftanding at this day in Mexico, upon the place where fo many of them were kill’d, a certain Hermitage, which they call Los Martyres, or The Hermitage of the Martyrs though but improperly, ifupon that occafion, as one of their own Writers confefles, though he alledges no other reafon. | This Retreat of the Spaniards out of Mexico hapned to be upon the tenth of July after mid-night, in the Year 1520. whichthe Spaniards at Mexico call The Doleful Night. Neverthelefs the undaunted Cortefivs being got, though with much diff 259 culty and trouble, by reafon of the purfuit of the Mexicans for a good part of the ~ Way,to his fure Friends of Tlafcalla, neither loft his Courage, nor gave over his Re- folution of yet gaining Mexico, e{pecially the way being now laid open, and fuf- ficient occafion given by the Death of Muteczuma, andthe provocations of the Mexicans themfelves,to make himlelf abfolute and fole Lord of the Place: where: fore having fent for, and procur’d a competent Supply of frefh Soldiers Hide Y4Gntd 260 Afexico taken by the Spanis ards, Cortex ad- vanc'dto Fa- mors, The grand Haven Aca- puleo, “~A MERICA. Chap» Vv. Santo Domingo, or Hispaniola, Almeria, Cuba, and other places, being in all nine huns dred Foot, eight hundred Horfe, and feventeen Pieces of Ordnance; he joyns him- felf with the Auxiliary Forces of Tlafcalla, which were no lefs than a hundred thon- fand Men, Arm’d with Bowes and Arrows: and with this Army: marches again towards Mexico, and Befieges it both by Land and Water, viz, with the help of thirteen Brigantines or Galliots, which he had built upon the Lake, and fix thoufand Canoos, or little Boats, which his Friends and Confederates had procur'd him. By which means, and by his Army on Land, in a fhort time he cut off all Provifioa from the City,and after a Siege of full three Months or more, anda moft ftout and obftinate refiftance made by the People within, in which they are faid to have loft above a hundred thoufand Men, befide thofe which perifh’d by Famine, Sicknels, or otherwile, he took it by Storm upon Tue/day the thirteenth of Auguft 1521. Sackt it firft, and then burnt it to the Ground ,, yet afterwards he caus’d it to be Re-built again, far more Beautiful than at firft it was; as in due place we fhall further fee. They {peak not of above fifty Spaniards flain during the whole Siege, fix Horfes, and not many Tlafcaltecans. ; In this manner, and with fo little Charges to the Conqueror, there fell to the Crown of Spain the richeft and goodlieft Kingdom (one of them) of the whole World, viz, the Kingdom of Mexico, which the Conquerors prefently nam’d New Spain, and in reference to which name, the Catholick King hath ever fince ftil’d him- felf inthe plural number Hi/paniarum Rex, or King of both Spains; and all by the Va- lor,Prudence,admirable Refolution;and happy Conduct of Cortex; who was at firft but a privace Adventurer in the American Plantations and Difcoveries, though others wife a Gentleman of a good Family in Spain, born at Medellin in the Country of Eftramedura. The Emperor Charles the Fifth, who was alfo then King of Spain, for his great Services; endow’d him defervedly with many gfeat and rich Territories in the Provinces of Tlafcalla, Mechoacan, and other parts thereabouts, made him Marquefs of the Valley, viz. of Guaxata, (which is his chief Title) a rich and flou- rifhing Province of that Countrey, Captain General, or Commander in Chief, of all the Military Forces of New-Spain, and General Difcoverer of all-the Maritime parts and Coafts of America towards the South-Sea, affigning him ijn propriety the twelfth part of whatfoever fhould be difcover’d, to him and his Heirs for ever; buc deny’d him the Government of Mexico out of reafon of State, though ‘tis faid, he much defir'd it. | Among the famous Havens which lie along the South Sea, and Northern Ocean the chiefeft is Acapulco before-mention’d, whither all Merchandize is fent to be tran{ported to (bina,which is aboye two thoufand Leagues diftant from thence . in which Voyage they generally {pend fourteen Months, four Sail, each of eight hun- dred Tun,appointed for this Trade;generally two of them fer Sail to China in March, and returning in Summer, have no fooner drop’d their Anchors, bur the other two fet out from Acapulco, from whence the way by Land to Mexico , is feventy two Leagues over fteep Mountains, dangerous Rocks , and feveral Rivers ; the chiefeft whereof are, firft, Del Papagayo, or De las Balfas, which runs exceeding ftrong which the Indias crofs on bundles of Canes ty’d upon (allabafhes : Next San Francifco, which though the biggeft, yet hath many fhallow places to wade over. The Mu- ftichoes are no {mall Plagues to thofe that travel this way, for their Poyfonous Stings are the occafions of many Ulcerated Wounds, and oftetimes Death it elf, In this way lies alfo the Countrey del Valle, from which Ferdinand Cortefius re- ceiv’d the Title of Earl.. | | The 4 4 ei “= ‘HL mr n ae EE ‘ —— — —_—- on OO ey ome ——- eee ae — — a = : - “ . * be 1 , 4 ee i ~ penne pln : = —— = — a pe —* " rs — Chap. .V. “AMER, IC 4. | The Mouth of the Haven Acapulco gapes a full League North and South, and within exceeding large, hath a nook call’d Boca Grande , where the Ships Ride fafe atan Anchor: More Eafterly appears a Land Inlet, (by the Spaniards call'd Puerto del Marques) fecur’d againft all Winds; near which is the City of San Diego, to which belongs a Fort, with fix Bulwarks, lyingon a Promontory ; the main of the City is one large Street , confifting of fair and ftately Houfes, and leading di- reétly to the Haven; the Church which is of an oblong fquare, hath a high Steeple in the middle. ari 7 , A Dutch Admiral, one Joris Spilbergen, after he had done the Spaniards all the mif chief he could along the South Sea, ran with five Sail under the Fort Acapulco, which fir’d ten Guns at him , whereupon, the Dutch Admiral Manning a Boat, witha white Flag, they agreed upon a Ceflation , andthe Spaniards went aboard of the Admiral ; to whom Pedro Alvares , and Francifco Menendus , having been a ‘confiderable time in Holland, and {peaking the Language of that Countrey very perfec, ptomis’d that all his Demands fhould be fatisfi’d , yet Spilbergen was ful picious that the Spaniards had a defign upon him, wherefore he came and lay clofe under the Caftle with his five Sail, and made ready hisGuns: But this fufpicion .was foon clear’d, when Alvares:and Menendus proffer’d to ftay as Hoftages, till the Governor of the Town fent the Admiral thirty Oxen, fifty Sheep, fome hundreds of Poultry, Coals, Oranges, Cittrons, and the like frefh Provifions, as alfo Wood and Water ; during which time, the Prifoners being fet at liberty, feveral Perfons of Quality came to vifit the Admiral , amongft whom was Captain Cafilio, one that had ferv’d twenty years in the Low-(omntrey Wars, and Melchior Hernando, Nez phew to the Vice-Roy of New-Spain , who defirous to fee the Ships that durft fer ‘twice upon Rodrigo de Mendofe, Admiral of the King of Spain’s mighty Fleet, ftood amaz'd that fuch little Frigats durft Ingage withfo many great Spanifh Ships ; and carry’d the Admiral’s Son to the Governor of the City,call’d Georgius Perro, who cis villy entertain’d him: Eight days Spilbergen {pent here-at Acapulco, admiring the courteous Entertainment of the Spaniards, and the more, becaufe that having News but eight Moneths before of the Dutch Fleet fetting out, they had in that fhort time made all things ready for refiftance , the Fort having feventeen Brafs Guns, and four hundred Soldiers, befides many Noblemen and Reformades, whereas at other times there usd not to be above forty Men, and four Guns in the fame, i -Secr. Il. ‘Mechoacan. i next Province of New Spain is the Bifhoprick of Mechoacan, which hath on the North-Eaft, Panuco ; on the Eaft, Mexicana, properly fo call’d; on the South part, Tla/calla; on the Weft, the Main Ocean, or Mare del Zur ; and laft of all, more dire@ly Northward, Xalifco, which is a Province of New Gale licia: The Name fignifieth in the American Language, as much as J Fifh Countrey j and fo it is, having many fair Lakes and Rivers in it, abundantly well ftor’d with 261 Spilbergen's Expedition. . Bounds and Defcription | of Mechoacan Fith. The Countrey fo exceedingly pleafant and healthful, that ’tis ufual for fick. - Perfons of other Provinces to come hither to recover their health, only by the be- nefit of a good Air. The Soil fo abundantly fertile of all forts of Grain, that of four meafures of Seed, it hath been often obferv’d, they have reap’d the next Har- vet, more than fo many hundred meafures of the fame Grain. Very well Wooded, and by reafon of its many Rivers and frefh Springs, equally rich in good Pafture : Dd and “iar neues tle t he Me chee: cans, Tygers. AMERICA ‘Chap. V. and befides great plenty of Medicinal Herbs and Plants, it affordeth good ftore of Amber nigh the Sea Coafts, Mulberry-trees, and confequently Silks; much Ho- ney, Wax, and divers rhe Commodities, both for neceffity and pleafures The People of the Countrey are generally tall, of a ftrong active Body, and a good Wit, efpecially in comparifon of other Natives; not unskilful in divers curious Manufactures, the moft excellent Feather-Pictures, afore-mention’d, being faidto be found in this Province. They feem more Jepdediy inclin’d to che Humors and Cuftoms of the Spaniards, than any other Americans ; and receiv'd the Preaching of Chriftian Religion, when time was, with much willingnels. fo that the Countrey is now entirely Chriftian, and divided into feveral Parifhes, The Languages which are {poken in Mechoacamare feveral, as the Ordvitae, Chibci- ° ‘mian, and the Mexicans,which is common through all New Spain, and the Tara/can,a neat and brief Language, which properly belongs to this Countrey. The Lions and Wilde Dogs of this Countrey devour great numbers of Cattel yearly,» yet the greateft mifchiefs happen fromthe Tygers, which often-fetch Peo. ple out of their Houfes; notwithftanding the Doors are lock’d, for they break in thorow the Walls and Roofs, with much eagernefs and’ ftrength: Of the great- nels whereof, Jacob Bontins tells us this tory, That the Governor Peter Carpentier:fet a Trap without the Wallsof Batavia, of great Timber, Pleited with Iron, Baiting ic with a Goat; which taking effect, the Tyger that was.caught therein , impatient of fuch clofe Imprifonment, rent the Timber, and getting out, left the Goat un- pili d. Hugo Linfchot relates, That the Tygers in the Weft-Indies hurt no Spaniards, exer- cifing their cruelty onely on Indians ;\ and that finding a Black and a White Man fleep- ing together, they devour the Black and not the White: How far thefé affertions deferve to be credited, may appear by an evident contradiaion of the firft, for it is well known, many Spaniards in the Weft-Indies have been eaten by the Ty gers General Fedreman marching i in this Countrey atthe Head of his Army, was af- faulted by a Tyger, which in defpight of them all killing a Spaniard, and three Ine dians,efcap’d from them; no Trees ferve fora refuge again their fury, for they climb up to the top cheneof, and fetch down their Prey; their Claws are fo exceeding Venomous, that whoever is {cratch’d with the fame, is never to be cur’d, there ismo Beaft but they will venture upon, wherefore they lie in the Bufhes, from whence they rufh out upon them; but this difadvantage they have, thas nad other Beafts are too nimble Footed for them, for they are a very heavy Creature,whatever hath been deliver’d by the Ancients concerning the Tygers {wiftnefs. As to the difference whichthey make in Humane Flefh,it is thus far true : That they find more {weetnefs in Womens Breafts than other parts, and chofe a Black Man before a White: Concerning the firft, France gives a fufficient teftimony, when two Tygers , in the time of King Lewis the Twelfth, breaking loofe , left a great number of Women lying Breaftlefs in the Road. . The fecond is con- firm’d by John Jobnfton’s Relation of a ftrange accident that happen’d in Bengale, viz, A Moor dreaming that a Tyger fetch’d him out of the Ship , hid himfelf the next Night between Decks, of which the Mafter asking the reafon., was ins form’d concerning his Pixoach , which prov’d prophetick, for about Mid-night a Tyger leapt into the Ship, and devouring the Moor, went away without touch+ ing any one of the Hollanders, of which there were thirty: But a Sea-man walking on the fhoree{cap’d more wonderfully, for'a Tyger fetting upon him behind, and a Crocrodile before, he leaping from betwixt them:, dilcover’d to the Tyger the | Crocodile, to whom the Tyger directly running, and ingaging with the Crocodile, fpar’d Chap. V. AMER TEC 4. | fpar’d the Sea-mans life : Notwithftanding the cruelty and mifchief of thefe Ty gers, the Indians are led by their fottith Superftition to worfhip them; becaufe; as they fay, the Devil often appears to them in that fhape. | Befidesthe Tygers, the Inhabitants of Mechaocan are exceedingly miolefted with Squerrils, which-not only carry much Fruit into their Holes, but alfo under-mine che Houfes,fo that they often fink or fall on one fide, the mifchief being the worfe, becaufe they increafe daily. Moft of them bear four young at a time, which on the third day run about for Prey , and can {carce be taken, becaufe of their exceeding fwiftnefs, leaping a great diftance from one Tree to another , their Tails ferve them on divers occafions; for leaping they ufe it like a Wing, and at their croffing over 2 River, for a Sail; in tempeftuous Weather, they ftop their holes therewith, to keep out the Wind. | : There are fix feveral forts of thefe Squerrils ; the firft call’d Tlilic, cover them- felves with their Tails; the fecond Quapatchli, is as big again, and can never be made tame; the third Techallotl, with a bald Tail and great Eyes; the fourth Tal- mototly, hatha thick Head, and a Tail full of black and whice ftreaks ;. the fifth Qui- mitchpatlan , hath a little Head and long Legs, and leaping from one Tree to ans other, feems to flie , the laft fore call’d Yztaétechalotl, is whitith. The Foxes do alfo great mifchief here, their Urine fmells fo horribly, that forty days after, none are able to abide near the place where they have urin’d, and on whatfoever Stuff or Cloth a drop thereof chanceth to light, the ftink can never be wath’d away. | | Here breedsalfo a fort of Birds, call’d Auras, which are not unlike Moore- Hens ; ‘they flie exceeding high inthe Air, feed on nought burt ftinking Carrion, which they fcent ava great diftance ; they have a hairy Head and Neck, and ugly Face : Some of the Fowls of this Countrey ftay here all the year long, others go away, and return at certain times, | The Natives, fince the Spaniards coming thither, have gotten their Habits and Language, learn’d all forts of Trades; their Tables, Chefts, and Cupboards made of Brafile-Wood, are no way inferior to the beft that are made in Europe. Painting is alfo in great efteem amongft them: They make handfom Clothes, Shooes, and ftrange Copper Locks. They have a peculiar Art in Tilling their Ground : They teach the Spanifh Dogs feveral tricks , but not feeding them well, they caufe them torun from them, and turn wilde , whence they are call’d Cimarrones, becaufe they do much hurt to the Cattel. v4 The Inhabitants, when a Feaver or Ague is upon them at the higheft, leap into cold Water: againft other Sickneffes they ule Herbs, whofe foveraign Power Expes rience hath long fince taught them. | Since the Spaniards made Méchoacan a Bifhoprick, they have built ninety four Schools, fifty Churches, feveral Hofpitals and Cloyfters, inhabited’ by Francifcan and Augu/tin Monks. t : There are {aid to be in this Bifhoprick ahundred and fifty Towns or Burroughs (befides many fcatter’d Villages) moft of which have Free-Schools erected in them, for the Training up of Youth in the Chriftian Religion, good Literature and _ Arts; and few of them without an Hofpital for the Sick : of which Towns the principal are as followeth : 1. Zinzoutza, the Seat of the ancient Kings of Mechoacan. 2: Pafcuar, a City forty feven Leagues diftant from Mexico, once a Bifhop’s See. 3. Valladolid, the Me- tropolis or chief City of the Province, fince the Epifcopal Chair was'temmov'd from Pafcuar thither. Ie lieth upon a great Lake, equal amoft for bignefs to that of , Ddz Mexico, 263 Squertils? Several kinds of them, Foxes, The Bird ua. In genuity uf the, Natives. Principal Towns, Situation and Defcriptian of Tafeaila. ' !The ancient State of the Zz lafcallans, AMERICA. Chap. V, Mexico, and is about feven Leagues diftant from Pa/cuar,towards the Eaft. 4. St. Mi- chaels, a good Town, forty Leagues Weftward of Mexico, and in the Way to the Zacatecas, but lying in a Road that is fomewhat dangerous, being nota little-in- fefted with Salvages on both fides of it. 5. St. Philips. 6. La Conception de Salaya, feventeen Leagues diftant from Valladolid, and a convenient Stage for Travellers, being indeed, with the two laft mention’d, built chiefly for the defence and fecu- ting of the Countrey againft the Salvages. 7. Guaxanata, a Town on the Bor- ders of Panuco, where there are very rich Mynes of Silver. 8. Leon, another Town likewife of very rich Mynes,twenty four Leagues diftant from Valladolid , and three- {core from Mexico. 9. Zamorra. 10. Villa de los Lagos, and others. Towards the Seathere is 1. Acatlan, but two Miles diftant from the Sea-Coaft, and af{mall Town, yet by reafon of a fafe and very good Harbor which it hath for Shipping, a Place of no little Trading. 2. Natividad, another well known and convenient Haven upon Mare del Zur, pertaining to this Province,and from whence they ufually fet Sail for the Philippine Iflands. 3. St. Jago de buena Speranza, fo call’d by the Spaniards, perhaps from the abundance of good Pearls they found upon this Coaft. 4. Colyma. 5. Zacatula, and fome others. This Province, as we faid, wasat firft a diftin& Kingdom of it felf, yet fubordi- nate and Tributary tothat of Mexico; the King whereof nam’d Tamgaiva,or Bimbicha, (as Laet reporteth) at the firft- coming of the Spaniards thither, after the Conqueft of Mexico, voluntarily fubmitted himfelf to them, and was Baptiz’d. Neverthelefs af- terwards, upon a pretence of I know not what Treafon intended by him againft them, and which the Spanifh Writers themfelves profefledly think to have been feigned, by command of Nunnex de Gufman, Prefident of the Chancery of Mexico, he was moft inhumanely burnt alive, and his Kingdom {eiz'd upon by the Spaniards. poe ele of ITI, Tiafcalla. Se Bifhoprick of Tlafcalla, formerly call’d Tlaftalteca, Tlaxcala, and Tlafca- lan, isa Province of New Spain, which extendeth it {elf entirely from one Sea to another, viz. from the Atlantick to Mare del Zur, with which it is bounded on the Eaft and Weft Parts, lying otherwife, and for the moft part be- twixt the Provinces of Mexicana, laft {poken of, and that of Guaxata, which follows eth, containing in length from one Sea to the other, not much lefs than an hun-. dred Leagues, and in fome places fourfcore in breadth; but towards the South Sea growing much narrower. It isa Countrey exceedingly plentiful both in Corn and Cattel, full of rich Pafturage, and fo plentifully ftor’d with Maiz, Wheat, and other Grainj that it is accounted as it were the Granary of America; befides Deer, all manner of Venifon, and great ftore of Fowl. There is likewife Copperefs, Al- lom, SilvereMynes, Manna, Anime, and Liquid Amber, witha fweet fmelling Gum whichdrops out of a Trees. The Rivers feed no Fifth, becatsfe, they. fall with ex- ceeding force from the Mountains ; onely near Topoyanco, is adeep Lake of freth Water, inhabited round about by Jndians, enjoying the pleafure and profit of the many Cumbeba-Trees, which yield Cochinele, producing yeatly above two jhundred thoufand Duckets worth of that Commodity. In this Lake fwim black. Hedge- hogs, whofe Flefh is good and wholfom to eat. Sh The Peopleof this Countrey, when the Spaniards came firft amongft themyliv’d in the form of a Common-wealth, or Free-State,refufing to be fubject to hé:King of Mexico, Chap. joa eA M I KR te A; 26% Mexico, with whom they had almoft continual War; and upon that account; as. é 7%, ? ; , hath been faid,affifted Cortefixs inthe Conqueft of the Kingdom, without whofe help ‘cis moft certain he had never been able todo any thing. They enjoy therefore ma. ny {pecial Priviledges and Immunities more than other Americans do, They pay no Tribute, but onely a handful of Wheat yearly for every Perlon, by way of ac- knowledgment, otherwife living, under the Protection of the Spaniards, wholly in the Form of their ancient Government. In former times they were great Man- eaters, and not onely eat the Flefh of their Enemies, but alfo of one anotther, info- much that Man’s-flefh hung in publick to be fold. : The River Zabuatl, which rufhes out of the Mountain Xicoleucalt, oftentimes overflows all the Countrey near it, and wafhes away divers Houfes. Zabuatl figni- fies Scabby Water, becaule all thofe, efpecially Children, that wafh inthe fame, are fure to be Scabby. On its Banks the Spaniards have built many Houfes, the fafhion whereof is now alfo imitated by the Indians of this Province, who formerly buile quite after another manner ; for they made low Houfes of Earth, Wood and Stone, with large and ftrange Chambers ; fome a Stones-caft one from another, others clofe together, had narrow crooked Streets that ran betwixt them. In this Province are two forts of Languages fpoken, viz, the Mexican, and that of the Ottomons, who formerly deferting Mexica, chofe the Tlafcallans for their Protegtors : They are a toilfom and painful People. ‘Tothe Northward of Tlafcalla are Mountains, which all the year long, except three Moneths, are cover’d with Mift , and the Woods on the tops of them are a great fhelterto Lyons, Tygers, Wolves, and wild Dogs, call’d Adives, and other wild Beafts, which do much hurt to the {mall Cattel, Here are alfo many Serpents and Adders, | The whole Province is faid to contain two hundred good Towns and Bur- roughs, and more than one thoufand Villages, all of them exceedingly populous, and fuppos’d to contain in the whole above a Million and half of Natives, befides Spaniards, who have fome few Colonies in the Countrey for fecuring of it. The chief Towns of the Province are 1. Tlafcalla it-{elf, which denominates the whole Countrey as the Metropolis, and where the Bifhop’s See was at firft, till in the Year 1550. it was temov’dto Puebla de los Angelos. It is a fair Town,and com- modioully feated in the midft of a large and fertile Champain of threef{core Miles in compafs. It confifteth of four large and beautiful Streets or Quarters, and in the midft of them where they all meet, hath a Piazza, or Market-place, equal to that of Mexico, and able to receive twenty or thirty thoufand Perfons conveniently, to Buy and Sell. in it ; and whofe Shambles {eldom fhew lefs than fifteen thouland Sheep, four thoufand Oxen, and two thoufand Hogs. | 2. Puebla de los Angelos, or The (ity of Angels, a Town built by Sebaftian Ramirez, a Church-man, and he that was the firft Prefident, or chief Governor of Mexico, uns der the Crown of Ca/file. It was built inthe Year 1531. almoft in the Road-way from Vera Crux to Mexico, and feated in a very delicate and fertile Countrey, and of a good Air. It isa Bifhop’s See, and valu’d at twenty thoufand Ducats of yearly Rent, the Ciry it felf {uppos’d to contain about fifteen hundred Families ; where there is abundance of excellent Cloth made, and for finenefs not yielding to the beft of Spain. Its chief Edifices are, the Cathedral and four ftately Cloyfters, be- longing tothe Dominicans, Francifcans, Augu/tines, and Capuchins ; as alfo a Free-School for five hundred Indian Children, endow’d by Ramirez with a yearly Revenue. 3+ Zempoallan, feared upon a River of the fame Name. 4+ Napalaca, in the Valley Ocumba, ows its original to an Indian call’d Juan, who Dd 3 ; at River Za- wath. | Tila fc callaus Language, Towns and Villages, AMER 12d. Chap. V. at firft had onely one Houfe, and a Herd of Hogs there , till upon his invitation, all the neighboring People came from the tops of the Hills ; infomuch, that in a fort time, the place was Peopled by thoufands of Famibies. 5. Guaxacingo, all hitherto great and ancient Towns of the Natives. 6. Segura-de la Frontera, a Spanifh Town, buile by Cortez prefently upon the Con. queft of Mexico, for the fecuring of the Confines, as the Name imporceth. 7. Vera Crux, a Town built by Cortez and his Companions, at their firft Land- ing , and where afterwards, by a Stratagem, and out of a refolution either to Con- quer or Die in the Countrey , he caus’d all his Ships to be burnt, that his Soldi- ers might not fo much as think of returning back from whence they came. The Town was at firft buile five or fix Leagues up within Land, but the place being found not to be fo healthful, the Inhabitants in a fhort time delerced:-; it, and feated themfelves upon a Bay of che Sea, right over againft Se. John D’ Ullua. 8, Medellin, another Spanifh Town. built likewife by Cortez, in memory of his own Bitth-place, which was Medellin, a {mall Town of Efframadura, a Province of Spain, but was afterwards deftroy’d by fome Spanifh Commanders, out of malice to Cortez. Laftly, St. fobn D’ Ullua, a noted, and the moft ufual Port to all this Province, and likewife to the City of Mexico it felf, from the North Sea : but of difficult en- trance, efpecially to fuch as are not well acquainted with the Paflage, or want Ginldes, by reafon of certain Rocks and Quickfands, wherewith the Mouth of the Haven is faid to be bar’d, but within, the ftation is more fafe.’ It hath likewile two ftrong Bulwarks ot Potts raisd, on dither fide of the Entrance one, to defend the | Paffage; befides a ftrong Caftle, built fince Captain Jobs Hawkins furpris d twelve Great in creafe of Crecediles, Burning Mountain Po- # — patepeck, Ships richly Laden within the prety and thirteen others that arriv’'d with a new Vice-Roy from Spain, valu’d at neat fisey Tun of Gold , of which he might eafily. have made Prize, had he not trufted to the Vice-Roys Promife, to give him all fa- tisfaction he fhould require, by which being deceiv’d, he loft all his Fleet but two . Ships. Between Tla/cala and Los Angelos are the Fountains, out of which ihe River hak its Original, which gliding by Machaocan and Zacatula, falls into the South Sea: This River is fo exceeding full of Crocodiles, that they have made feveral places which formerly were Inhabited on its Banks, utterly defolate; for the Females lay- ing generally Eggs as big as thofe of a Goofe, increafe prodigioutly , , and were it not that the Indian Mice, call’d Ichneumones, deftroy’ d them, they would grow ftill to greater numbers: But this Animal creeping in at the Crocodiles Mouth, eats his way out of the Belly again ; Water-Serpents, Hawks, Buffeloes, and efpecially Tygers, are alfo their mortal Enemies, for they throwing the Crocodiles.on their Backs, rend open their Bellies : They are more defitous of Mans ficth here than in any siher place, becaufe the River of Tlafcala hath but {mall ftore of Fith; in the day time they lie cover’d in the Mud, from whence they rufh forth, and fet upon thofe that happen to pafs by them, they purfue the Canoos in the Water, and firike down the Rowers with their "Fidils: Eight Leagues beyond Tla/cala, appears the Mountain Popatepeck , which for tem ° years ceas’d {moaking, till Anno 1540. it broke forth in fuch a manner, that the Countrey all about was terrifi'd therewith, for it vomited not only. a black Smoak, but alfo horrible Flames, which fometiinies being blow’d downward, burnt the Corn in the Fields, and he Afhes thereof flying as far as Guaxocingo and (Chulula, burnt a great deal of the Town to the Ground; every one endeavor'd by flight co fecure themfelves , with intention never to return thither again, but the | Flame Chap. V. “ AME RTC Flame-and Smoak abating, Captain Diego de Ordas went up to view the placé, whence the Fire was caft forth ; which curiofity and prefumption of his, had like to have coft him his Life, for the fulphury Smoak breaking forth on a fudden, had almoft f{tifled him. Moreover, the Bifhoprick of Tla/cala, is on the North Coaft wath’d by the River Papoloava, fince call’d Alvarado, from a Spanifh Commander, who firft Steer’d his 264 Rivets of Mexicana, Courfe thither: The next Stream nam’d Banderas, is fo call’d, becaufe the Natives _ held white Clothes on Poles, to invite the Spaniards afhore. The third is Almeria, on which, Cortefins, a year after the taking of Mexico, built the Town Medellin, as afore- méntion’d. Along the Tla/callan fhore, wafh’d by the Northern Ocean, lie the Ifles Blanca, Verde, and Sucrificios : The firft receiv’d ics denomination from White Land, the other from Green Trees ; and the third, becaufe Joan de Greyalve, who firt Difcover’d Now Spain, Landing onthis Iland, found a Bloody Altar there, with Sacrific’d People with open’d Brefts, chopt off Arms and Legs. | The River Almeria falling into the Ocean oppofite to the Sacrificios, the Spanifh Ships came often to an Anchor there ; but in thefe latter times, they have forfaken the fame, becanfe the Northern Winds us’d to blow very hard againft the fhore, and {poil’d many Veffels: But Henry Hawks gives this reafon, That a dreadful ap- parition of Spirits frighted the Spaniards from thence. In the Bifhoprick Tlafcala, is alfo compriz’d the Province Tepeaca, whofe Metro- polis was built by Cortex, when with great Lofs he was fent from Almeria. The Soil thereabouts is barren and ftony; the Water which they have in the City, is brought in Pipes from a River which flows out of the Mountains into the Market place. ‘The plain Countrey hath many good Paftures. The Inhabitants thereof fpeak four forts of Languages; of which, the commoneft is the Mexican ; others ule the Popolucan or Otoman Tongues. | The Village Alyoxacan appears afar off ona high Mountain, on whofe top is 2 Lake of a hundred and fifty Fathom in circumference; the Water whereof is very cold, and of abluifh Colour , and neither Ebbs nor Flows, to which the Villagers climb along a narrow Path. at Not far from thence, in the Plain, are two other vety deep Lakes: The firft call’d Tlacae, is a League in circumference, and breeds delicate white Fifh, not above a Fingers length: The fecond nam’d Achichican, about the fame bignefs, which in ftormy Weather is very turbulent. | Amongft the Fowls of this Countrey,, the moft noted is a little Summer Bird, with a long crooked Tail; fpeckled Feathers, feeds on nothing but Flowers and the Dew; about Harveft time, when the Rain ceafes, it hangs faft with its Bill on a Tree, andas foon as the firft Rain falls, it revives again. In this Countrey Tepeaca are five Villages, in each of which is a Francifcan Cloy- fter and convenient Hofpital. : In this Countrey they gather the Water in the time of the Rainy Moneths, in a digg’d Pool, which every Morning produces little Toads with long Tails, which infew days fall off; bur thefe little ones growing to be great,make a moft dreadful noife in the Night: From Oéober till March, not one drop of Rain falls in this Countrey , during which time, the Nerthern Winds make a dry and wholfome Air, yet oftentimes a tempeftuous Sea, to the lofs of many Ships. Farther up into the Countrey, between Vera Crux and Los Angelos, liés the Vil- lage ‘Rinconanda, and alfo Xalapa and Perota built of Straw Houfes in the middle of 4 Wood of Cedar and Pine-Trees, inhabited by the Spaniards, for the accommoda> ting, The Province Tepenca, Aljoxnan, Strarge fort of Bird, 268 | AMERICA. 3 Chap. Vv. ting of Travellers : To which purpofe there are likewife Inns built near the Spring Fuente de Otzumba, which gufhes out of ahigh Rock. - Nor far from hence is the Populous Village Chetula, where a {mall number of Spaniards dwell amongft thoufands of Indians, who chiefly make ule of Mules to car- ry their Loads. Sec ¥.. FV. Guaxata. Deferintion agi largely taken; it hath on the North, the Bay of Mexico; on the South, Mare del Zur, on the Eat, Fucatan and Chiapa’ which is one. of the Provinces of Guatimala; on the Welt, Tlafcalla. - The Countrey extendeth it felf upon the South Sea about an hundred Leagues in length, but from the Sea to the Borders of Tla/calla, one hundred and twenty ; Eaftward not above half fo much; having a good Air, and a Soil no lefs fruitful, efpecially in Mulberry-Trees , and abundance of Silks, -which the Countrey affordeth, morethan any other Province of America befides; nor is it lefs rich in Mines of Gold and Silver, there being {carce a River in the whole Countrey, but the Sands of it are faid to be Tin&tur’d more or lefs with that yellow Metal; alfo Cryftal and Copperefs. It yieldeth likewife great plenty of CafSia and Cochinele, two rich Commodities; and thé People generally, if they would take pains, might be the wealthicft, ‘tis thought, of any other in America: But whether it be through any voluntary contempt of Riches, or through any natural floathfulnefs, as yet they feemto Pine in the midft of plenty, living, for the moft part of them, little better than from Hand to Mouth ; neverthelefs, exceeding liberal of what they have, efpecially to fuch as bear the Habit of Religion, and attend the fervice of their Souls ; maintaining in’a plentiful and good manner, as’tis faid, no lefs than one hundred and twenty Convents of Religious Men, of feveral Orders; in this onely Province; befides Hofpitals, Schools for the training/up of Youth, and o- ther places of publick Charity ; it is faid alfo to have three hundred and fifty Vil- Divifon: ~— Jages,and near as many brave Countrey Houfles. It is fubedivided into many parti- cular Provinces; which, becaufe they are many and but fmall, in comparifon of fome other, we may call Wapentakes, or Hundreds, ‘father than Proyinces : The principal whereof are thefe that follow, viz. 1~ Mijteca. 2. Tutepecque. 3. Zapoteca, 4. Guazacoalco. 5. Guextaxatla :: and 6. the Valley of Guaxata, from whence Cortez,af- ter the Conqueft of Mexico, had-his Title given him by the Emperor; Marque/s of the Valley. Iv is the richeft and moft pleafant»part of the whole Province, extended ina continu’d Traé together, full fixteen Leagues or more, ‘lying about fourfcofe Southward of Mexico,and wanting neither Mines of Gold and Silver, nor any other of the prime and beft Commodities of the New-World.. i 5 ref In this Countrey they {peak thircéen forts of Languages, of which the Mexican is moft us’d. LkO | tA: ap ib My om Amongft the Plants which grow here, is an exceeding Poyfonous Herb, which kills chofe whofoe’re pluck it, though along time after, that is to fay, if it be ofa Years growth, it kills not before the Years end; if a Moneth old, at the Moneths end, if a Day, on the fame. . ttA This Countrey formerly fuffer’d alfo many inconveniencies by Earthquakes, but of late they are fomewhat abated, which the Spaniards alctibe to Martialis, Pro tector of the Cathedral at Antequera, Fist . Ws Siruation and Buss Los Angelos and Guatemala, lies the Bifhoprick of Antiquera or Guaxata Languages. ; a ee ‘Ty 4 7 +A! ny | j : - ‘ ; : 17 bd ' ; | { 1 t ‘ ; my, OA 7 tT Ww M4 A - “ai w ! i (Pate | i” 4 ti : i 4 At €@ : - ge? ' ‘i \ : 7 i! ‘ - n'y "i : | # - ' s ) all p> : : d 4 T te) - a) y \ i, a | j ‘| 7 by hey FY | 1 : - ay . ) - ‘ 7) | ' e ¢ i i " a - U ia 9 om” & } Leet : Pe : “hie ‘'] i! hae (one , ie L ¢ ™~ >. } 7 re aiisatr ' ea Pe : . : } | 3 P 7 e , Ar . | . > ' i & ) j ul “a oe ys ’ : ' : AS - rh tate yi ‘ ‘5 : : >. wi b Wy , * PL iy ‘ ’ i "1 : ’ - + Dh - - rahe a : Le : ' - 7) ' - ; eit ui tl: ‘ : : ; t a) : % : ¥ u Al F ii ‘ : H ? iA j ‘ al — ~eee Mifteca Chap. V. | AMER IC AZ, : Miffeca is divided into Alta and Baxa, both of which have Rivers and Brooks that afford Gold, whither the Indian Women taking Provifions, go for feveral days, and gather Gold in Troughs, which they exchange at the Spanifh Markets for Provifions. , Not far from the Village Cuertlavaca, lies a high Mountain, remarkable for a - ftrange Cave, whofe Entrance is very narrow, at the end whereof appears a {quare Place of fifty Foot; upon one fide whereof ftand Pits with Steps ; near which be- gins 2 crooked Way of 2 League long; at the end of which is a {pacious Place with a Fountain of good Water ; from the Foot of-which flows a {mall Brook: But becaufe none have made any farther difcovery of this Cave, the other parts of it remain yet unknown. On the top of St. Antonio, the Indians live with their Families in Caves between the Rocks. | Not far from hence appear two Mountains, whofe tops, though they lie ata great diftance from one another, at the bottom they are fonear, that a Man may ftep from one to the other. “The fix Rocks Pennoles, formerly Garrifon’d by the Kings of Mexico, have Gold, Lead-Mynes, and a Root whichis us’d in ftead of Soap. In the Village Totomachiapo, isa Cave of half a Mile long, ‘at the end whereof the Water prevents a farther difcovery. The Rocky Countrey Zapotecas formerly bred very falvage Inhabitants, Mantled in Furrs, but now Civiliz’d, clad after the common manner. | The People {pread over Guaxacualco, Yluta, and Cueztxatla, obferve Circumcifion, . according to an ancient Cuftom ; from whence fome have in vain fought fora tes ftimony, that thefe Americans. fhould be originally extracted from the {catter’d Tribes of Ifrael , but the Tartars more immediately, who at laft croffing the Straits of Anian, furnifh’d the defolate Countrey of America with Inhabitants: But this Opinion is without any probability of truth; for it will never follow from their Circumcifion, that the Tartars, the greateft People on Earth, muft owe their origi- nal toa few Ifraelites, Prifoners, fince that Ceremony was never thought on by them till they embrac’d the Mabumetan Religion. And though they had been Cir- cumcis’'d before Mahomet’stime, this would be no teftimony that they were ex- tracted from the Iraelites : for how many People embrac’d Circumcifion, which were never extracted from Abraham’s Seed 2? It is affirm’d by Diodorus Siculus, that the Cholchians ; by Philo Judeus, the Egyptians ; by Herodotus, the Moors ; by Strabo, the Troglodytes ; by Cyprian, the Phenicians and Arabians Circiumcis’d themfelyes from all Antiquity, which isto this day obferv’d by fome of them. It alfo plainly ap- _ pears by the Prophet Jeremiah; that the Egyptians, Edomites, Ammonites, Moabites, and Ifhmaelites, had the fame Cuftom anciently amongft them. The Towns of principal note inhabited by the Spaniards in this Province, are te Antequera, in the Valley aforefaid, a ftately City, and beautifi'd with a fair Cae thedral Church, built wich Pillars of the fineft Marble, of great heighth and bignefs. The River which glides by the Walls, {pringing out of the Ground, runs tothe Mountain Coatlan. Not far from thence lies the Village Herrera, which boafts four hundred Spani/h Families, though fome fay that the greateft part of them are Indians, who pay the Spaniards Cotton Cloaks and Nuts for Tribute. 2» Mlepbonfo de los Zapotecas, lieson a Mountain belonging to the Mixes, anciently a falvage, ftrong, and long-bearded People, who {peak a grofs Language, and in former times went naked, onely a white Deer-skin, Tann’d in Man’s Brains, about. their Middle. They maintain’d continual War againft the Zaporeca’s, and could neyer 265 Strange Cave Americans, whether Ex- traéted from the ten Tribes of g- ravi, Towns and chief Villages of Guaxaca, -_ A ee — oe | Se ee - Se ee ae —_——— — i m ‘ +¢ ra ee on Bounds and Dofeription of Pannce, Conguelt of it difficult. Barbarous Caftoms of the People, a AMERICA. . Chap. V. never have been fubdu’d by the Spaniards, had it not been for their Dogs, which kept them in fuch awe, that thirty ‘Spanifh Soldiers ventur’d to. live in Hephonfo amongft thirty thoufand Mixes, who now drive a Trade in Cotton, Maize, and Gold. | ier 3. San Jago de Nexapa appears at a great diftance on a high Mountain, where al- fo twenty Soldiers with their Dogs were wont toawe the cruel Natives. 4. The laftPlace, built by: Gongales de Sandovall, Anno 1522. is Villa del Efpiritu Santo, Commands fifty Indian Villages, which with great difficulty were brought to fubmit.to the Spaniards. Sits engot ced The River ‘Aquivicolco affords a convenient Harbor, the Mouth thereof being a hundred and ninety Paces broad. . ba 9 Upon the Southern Ocean is the Haven Guatulco, where the Ships that Sail to Honduras and Peru take in their Lading. The Cuftom-houfe belonging to this Place was firftplunder’d by Six Francis Drake, and nine years after burnt by (andifh. The River Ometipu, which {pringing out of the Mountain Cacatepec, falls into Tes poanteque, abounds with divers forts of good Fifh, efpecially Cra-Fifh. There areal- {o reckon’d of the Natives of this Province, no lefs than fifteen thoufand Perfons that pay Tribute to the Spaniards, befides Women and-Children, and -alfo a great number of Spaniards. wraecet) Sonali V sa al: Sect. V. Panuco. bounded on the Eaft with the Gulf of Mexico; onthe Weft with Uxitipa, a Countrey of New Gallicia ; on the North with fome undifcover’d Countreys Pp*::: isthe moft Northerly Province of New Spain, by fome call'd Guafteca, of Florida, from which it is divided by the River of Palms, on the South with Me- choacan and Mexicana. It is call’d Panuco, from a River of that Name, which turns ing from the Mountains Tepec/uan in New Gallicia, and dividing New Bifcay from the Province of Zacatecas, pafleth through the midft of this Countrey alfo, and at laft empties it felfinto the Gulf. ; This Countrey is reckon’d to be about fifty Leagues in length, and not much lef in breadth ; of a fruitful Soil, having fome Mynes of Gold in it, and once very populous till the Spaniards, about the Year 1522. difpeopled it by their infatiable cruelty. wD Before Ferdinand Cortefius, Francis de Garay attempted to Conquer this Province, but after much pains to no purpofe, he return’d with but a fmall remnant of thofe he carried with him; and though Cortefius fubdu’d the Countreys Ayotetextetlatan and Chila, yet it was not without many confiderable Loffes; for the Inhabitants being valiant and cruel, not fearing the Spanifh Bullets, ran inamongft them, and made great flaughter, and (according to an old Cuftom in New Spain) drank their Blood. . Byes moi Thefe People, on their Feftival Days call’d RQaeaxipo Veliztli, which fignifies A Flaying of Slaves, us'd to pull off the Skins of a certain number of Slaves, with which they walkt about begging Alms from Hut. to Hut, and whofoever deny’d them, was fure of a Blow in the Face with the bloody Skin ; of which fo.long as there was but one Lappet remaining, they went a Begging ; and whatfoever they got, was employ’d in Ufes and Neceffaries belonging to their'Idolatry.. On the fore- mention’d Days they alfo us’d other barbarous Cuftoms, amongft which! this was one: AMERICA. one: The Prieft challenging the Slave which was to be Offer’d, to Fight for his Life, he had one of his Feet ty’d to a great round Stone, and having a Sword to offend, and a Shield to defend himfelf, Encountred with the Prieft, who was Arm’d after the fame manner, whom if he conquer’d, he not onely prefery’d his Life, but gain’d the Name of a valiant Man. They alfo dealt ftrangely with Perfons that were yearly to.be Offer’d to their Idols : for after having wafh’d them, they put on them the Clothes of the Idol, and gave them the fame Name, every one honouring them as a God ; were permit- ted to walk up and down, but guarded by twelve Men, that they might not e{cape ; for then the chiefeft of the Guard was to fupply the others place: More- over, they refided in the chiefeft Apartments of the Temple, eat of the beft, were ferv’d like Princes, and attended through the Towns by Perfons of the greateft Quality, who led them through the Streets ; where they no fooner play’d ona little Pipe, but all People came running to them, fell at their Feet and wor- fhip’d them : In the Night they lock’d them up in a Cage, fecur’d with Iron Bars, and at the appointed time flay’d them alive. The chief Towns now remaining, and inhabited by the Spaniards,are 1. St. Lewis de Tampice, a Colony of Spaniards fituate on the Northern Bank of the River Panuco, at the very Mouth of it ; where it hath a very large Haven, but fo bars’d with Sands, that no Ship of any great Burden can enter or abide in it with fafety; and yet the River otherwile {6 deep, that Veffels of five hundred Tun, might Sail up threefcore Leagues at leaft within Land, and thereby vifit the rich Mynes of Zata- tecas on the one fide of it, and of New Bifcay on the other, at pleafure, and without fear of much oppofition. | 2» St. Stevan del Puerto, on the South fide of the fame River, eight Leagues diftant from the Sea, or Gulf of Mexico, at prefent the Metropolis or chief Town of the Province, built by Cortefius in the place where ftood old Panuco, which was likewife the Metropolis, or Head Town of the Natives, before the Spaniards burnt.and de- ftroy’d it. 3. St. 271 Strange ufage of Prifoners, Towns and Villages, a om — s » : : ’ ‘ ; : q 1 > — _ { ; . er 2 a - = = —— (cos - aa — is —-- —— — = 277 2 | Miles Philips his Voyage. Chilton’s Journal. AMERICA. Chap. V. 3+ St. Jago de las Valles, which is a Fronteer Place, and enjoyeth certain {pecial Immunities, and. fome: fair Poffeffions alfo for defence of ithe Gountrey againft the Salvages. It is twenty five Leagues diftant from Sty Stevan del Puerto, lying in an open or Champain Countrey, and is fenc’d about with a Wall of Barth. Miles Philips, an Englifhman, put afhore by Captain John Hawkins, in the Bay of New Spain,Anno 1568. fuffer’d great hardfhip before he came to Panuco, from whence returning, he made mention of a City lying along a River of the fame denomina- tion, (which is there not above two Bowe fhoots-broad,) in a pleafant: Countrey, containing two hundred Spanifh Families, befide the antient Inhabitants and Negro’s, which all drive a great Trade in Salt, which is made i in Pans Weftward from the River : Philips travelling from Panuco to Mexico, faw by the way the Villages No- bete, by the Spaniards call’d Santa Maria, and a Cloyfter of white Monks: Next he view’d Me/titlan, where fome grey Monks had a Houfe, and the Town Pachuen. Another account of this Province is taken from a Journal kept by Jobn Chilton, four years after Philips’ s Voyage; he having a Spaniard for his Convoy, left Mexico to find out Panuco; in three days time they r reach’d the City Meftitlan, where he ob- ferv’d, that eywel ve Spanifhh Families liv’d amongtt thirty thoufand Indians. The Ci- ty buile ona. high Mountain, full of Woods, is furrounded with Villages, through which run’many brave Springs ; and the Air about them is no lefs wholfom than the Ground fruitful ; the High-ways are fhaded with all forts of Fruit-Trees. The Village Clanchinoltenec, four times more Populous than Me/titlan, belongs to a Spanifh Nobleman, who built a Cloyfter there for nine Augu/tin Monks, of which Order there alfo ref de twelve in the City Guaxutld. Moreover, they travel’d over the plain Countrey Guajtecan, to the Village Tan- cuylabo, idkabited by a tall People, with blue Painted Bodies, and Pleited Hair, hanging down to their Knees, going ftark naked, but never without a Bowe atid Arrow. They efteem beting more than Salt , as being the onely Cure againft certain’ Worms that grow between their Lips. From hence they travel’d to Tam- pice, in which Journey they {pent nine days; and coming thither, were inform’d, that of forty Chri/tians which dwelt in the fame, the Indians had (lata twelve, whilft they were-gathering of Salt. From hencethey came to Panuco,then in a manner des ferted, becaufe of the Indians oppreffing the Spaniards, of whick, at that time, there were bue ten, and one Pricft. Chilton falling fick here, refolv'd neverthelefs to change that Heaholtsad Air and barren place for a better ; to which purpofe, get ting a Horfe, he took an Indian behind him for his Guide, "bie loofing his way ina thick Wood, happen’d amongft 4 Company of wild People, which dwelt in Straw Huts, twenty of them immediately furrounding him, brought him fome clear Suneice Water to drink} out of a Gilt Venice Glafs, which havitig drunk, two naked Men led him into the high«way ; which ended at the Gate of the Wall’d City Santo Jago de las Valles, inhabited by twenty five Spanifh Families, who inform’d Chilton of the great danger which-he had been in, for the People which gave him the Water were Man-eaters, who not long fince, daa burnt an Augu/tine Cloyfter, built on a Mountain, had taken away, and eat the People,of which they had in all likelyhood gotten thie Venice Glafs; and had they not obferv’d Chilton to be fickly, he had with- out doubt been eaten by them, and his Skin, with fomeof his Hair, ( that being a great Ornament amongft them) been hung about their middle. During Chilton’s ftay in St. Jago, Frans de Page came thither with forty Soldiers from the Vice-Roy Henry Manriques, and took five hundred Indians, good Bowe Men out of the Neighboring Villages, Tanehipaand Tameclipa, with which he defign’d to go to the Silver Mines at Zacatecas : Chilton joyning with this Company,came to the | great, Chap. V. «h@MERICA _ great River De las Palmas, which feparates New Spain from Florida, where they fpeiie three daysin.vain, feeking to find a paflage over; ‘wherefore they-at-lafttoak pic-. ces of Timber, which joyning together,and ftanding-upon, they were Fow’d over by Swimming Indians ; being gotten on the other fide, they March’d over fteep Mountains, and thick Wilderneffes, and came at laft to Zacatecas, on whofe Silver Mines, the richeft in all America, work’d above three hundred Spaniards daily. ° Secr. VI. Tabafco. TT: laft Countrey belonging to New Spain is Tabafco, bounded on the North by .the Northern Ocean, and on the Eaft with Jucatan ; and however - fome account it a diftiné& Province, yet others make no mention of it, let ting it pafs for that part of Fucatan which lies about the City Tabafco, from which it feems to be denominated :» The Ground level. and: without Mountains, hath many great Woods of Cedar-Trees, Brafile, and others.. Here are alfo many good Indian Fruits, asthe Manmeyes, Zapotes, Aguacates, and:Guajabos.. For three Moneths they have continually dry. Weather, the reft of the.year' being’ for the moft part rainy ; which viciffitude of Moifture and Heat makes the Countrey exceeding fruitful, infomuch that they have three or four Harvefts of Maiz in a year. Vines, Figs, Lemmons, Oranges, Rice, Barley, and all forts of Garden-Herbs grow here alfo in great plenty. is Eula _ The Pools, Brooks and Lakes, abound likewife with all manner of Fifh: and for Sea-Fifh, befides the Tortugas,and Yguanras, the Manae,or Sea-Cow, is of principal note. | This Fifh is terrible to behold, having a Head like an Ox, little Eyes, two Feet near the Head in ftead of Fins, two round Holes in ftead of Ears, round bones like Balls in its Brains, a fhort Tail, and briftly Skin » The Females have two Dugs, with which they fuckle their Young. Peacocks, Pheafants, Parrots, Quales, Hens, Pigeons, with feveral forts of Birds altogether unknown tothe Europeans, are here in great abundance. The Woods alfo abound with Tygers and Lyons, which do no little hurt to the Inhabitants, Wild Hogs, Deer, and Rabbets, are likewife here in great plenty , and Turtles of an exceeding bignefs: Likewife Apes, Polecats, and Squerrils, which do very much hurt to the Fruit-Trees, efpecially the Cacao. The Mu/ticho’s are a great annoyance tothe People, and difturb their reft at Night. Since the Spaniards have conquer’d Tabafco, they have forc’d the Inhabitants to obferve their Laws and Cuftoms. They fpeak three forts of Languages, amongft which that moft us’d, call’d (houtal, is copious of Words. The fecond, Zogues, is {poken on the Mountains which divide Chiapa and Taba/co. The Mexican Tongue was firft brought thither by the Garrifons which Mutecgzuma plac’d there in the Forts Zimatlan and Xicalango, and isthe moft fpoken, in regard it hath not onely its Accents, but is alfo of great ufe, partly -becaufe it is underftood in moft places of America, and partly becaufe the Priefts have made Songs in that Tongue, with which the Tabafcans axe much delighted. The chief City Nojftra Sennora de la Vittoria, already mention’d in fucatan, was fo eall’d by Ferdinand Cortefins, from the great Viaory which he obtain’d over the Indians when he march’d firft towards Mexico. Thus far of the Defcription of the feveral Parts and Divifions of New Spain, dif+ ee Ee 3 fering 273 Bounds arid Defcription of Tabafco. The Fish 22% nate, Birds, Beatts; Languages | of the Nay tives, Ve Wat, : i P34: fi s] | AY f P= Oe 7) fering in Cuftoms and Languages, though moft of them have fome affinity with the Mexicans, who by force of Arms had made a way to the fupream Empire. All of them acknowledge a Creator, but have no Name to exprefs the Word God, But befides the Creator of the World they have made to themfelves Gods of many other Creatures ; amongft which are the Sun, Moon, Stars, and the Manes of the De- ceafed, the care of whofe Burial they committed to the Priefts, which was fome- times in the Fields, fometimes in-their Houfes ; others carried theit dead Bodies to the Mountains, fome buried them in Temples ; :and as they either burnt or bus ried the Body, fo they buried or burnt their Clothes and Riches with them, efpe+ cially of Perfons of Quality, whilft thofe that accompanied the Corps fung a mournful Song, after which they Feafted. The Heirs of Noble-men that had been at: the Furiéral put themfelvesall into Mourning. A Perfon,after he isdeadjis ftretch’d™ out upon the Floor, where he lies till all his Friends come to Prefent and Coms plement him, as if living: But-at the death of an eminent Perfon they not onely bring him Prefents, but proffer him his Slaves, Steward, Butlers, Dwarfs, and Houfhold Prieft, (all which a Lord muft keep) that they may ferve him in the other World. The Prieftswhich performd the Funeral Ceremonies, walk’d before the Corps with the Image of ‘the Idol which the Deceafed had appropriated to him- felf, (for every Lord, according tothe greatnefs of his Quality, bore the Name and Apparel of fome Idoler another;) ‘other Priefts beat on Drums, play’d on Pipes and finging Dirges, petfum’d the Way with Myrrh, whileft the Servants and Res lations made a doleful cry; a Herauld alfo carried the Coat of Arms and Tro- phies of the Deceafed, artificially painted on Cloth ; at jaft they pyl’d {weet Wood about the Corps, which being lighted, and the Body burnt to Afhes, a Priel ina frightful Drefs, Vizarded with a gaping Mouth,: long Teeth, and fiery Eyes, came ona fudden, and with a long Stick ftirr’d the Afhes about, and gathering it in an Urn, buried the fame with the fore-mention’d things. , The Idols in New Spain are reprefented in terrible Figures, to which they Offer humane Sacrifices. | The ry a Chap. V. AMERICA. The Priefts, divided intohigheror lower Orders, acknowledge a fupream Head, which they call Papas. Each Idolhad a peculiar forr of Priefts:) Thole that ferv’d Viztlipuxli, obtain’d their Places by Inheritance; but others. were, chole by the Commonalty, unlefs they had been bred Ptiefts from their Infancy.» | The Mexican Cloyfters in the time of: Heatheni/m were’ generally builtin -the chiefeft Temples, in,a great “Piazza, or {quare Contt, where for the moft. pare two Monaftical Houfes ftood one againft another, the one. inhabited by a, Fra- rernity of Reclufes, and the other by a Sifterhood ; \which laft being Maids, of twelve or thirreen years of age, call’d The. Penitential Daughters; {wept the Feniple, prepai’d Meat for the-Idols and Priefts, which was plentifully fupply’d from the Alms and Offerings that were daily brought in to the Priefts, confifting of little Cakes. made like Hands and Feet, befides other ftrange-Meats, which being fet bes fore theIdols, wasoon after taken away again,and eaten tip by the Priefts: They were under a-Governels, who employ’d chem in making Embroideries to adorn the Temple, and fometimes sofe up with the Priefts at’Mid-night, and play’d on Pipes, perfum’d the Temple, and {courg’d. themf{elves till the Blood ran down their Backs; befmearing their Faces therewith, and leaving it on a whole year ; then going into a large Chamber, where a Ciftern ftood for that purpole, they wafh’d ic off again ; after which, if they committed che leaft uncleannels, they were put to a moft! miferable Death; which was judg’d upon fecing a Rat run through the Nuns Chamber, or a Batt flying by ict, or finding any piece of Cloth gnaw’n bya Moufe or Rat; for they fuppofe thav the fore-mention’d Creatures dare not come into a hallow’d place, unlefs.defil’d. In this reclufe manner they were onely confin’d to live a year, which being expit’d, they had free leave to Marry. The Houfe oppofite to the Nuns in the fame f{quare place of the Temple, was inhabited by Youths of eighteen and twenty, years of age, whole Heads were, Cloyfters de- dicated to the ancient 44e< sisan Qeli- gion. fhaven like Monks, and. pleiced Tufts hung from the Crown down .to.their — Backs, they liv’d alfo mean and chafte, kept the Priefts'\ Clothes and Perfumings Veffels, carried Wood for Offerings, and kept always burning Lamps before Viztli- puatli’s Altar. Amongft them were alfo Boys of a lefs Age, whole Office was to gather Flowers and Herbsto ftrow the Temple with, to fharpen the Priefts°Lan- ces, which they Let themfelves Blood with every Night in the Legs, and carry them*Water.. Thefe Youths, Cloth’d in Nets, fell on their Faces on the Ground when they met with a Woman, and went fout and four, or fix and fix together. to beg Alms, and by turns, watch’d the fore-mention’d Fire; in the Morning they drew Bloodout of their Thighs, with which they anointed their Temples dowa to their Ears, and when the Blood look’d black, wath’d it off again in a confecrated Bath, which their ftrict'and fevere Life enduz’d a whole Year, © The particular Religion of the Mexicans, compos'd of cruel flaughters and butcheries of Men, reign’d a long time againft the minds. of the other Indians that were under their Dominion, everyone beginning more to abhor the cruel, flaying of living People, and teating out the Hearts of Men for Offerings; andthe rather, -becaufe they were fore’d to fetch them out of their Enemies Countrey wich the ha- zard oftheir own Lives, infomuch that they were ready long before to have, em- brac’d another Doétrine, if any other Teacher had but appear’d amongft them; which was’ the chief reafon why they fo eafily receiv’d the Roman Religion for when. (ortefivs had conquer’d the City Mexico, the Mechoacan Agents entreated him to fend them Teachers to prefcribe them Laws, according to which they might _ live, becaufe their Idolatry, which had long opprefs'd them, was not to be fuffer’d any longer, becaufeof the Cruclties which were.requir’d of them in the perfor- mance thereof, | Ee 2 Their Mexican Rew ligion ab- horr'd by the neighborin People, ? ' 4 . - i 7 Jin : - ‘ mars s ' ei) F ; ae \ ie 1 hoe : ahs "| a of. Wwe tan Gb \ ; 4 ; i, ; : til qe: ment t ' : 2 , 2 | ' ' “| > 1. : ; 276 Their Pros Ceflions. : ——e AMERICA’ i Chap. V: Their Proceffions were ftately, and afcerthis manner : The chiefeft Nuns. rai- fing a Pafte of Bledoi-Seed and. parched Maiz, kneaded it with-Honey,of which they made an Idol refembling their Deity Viztipuztli, acrofs whofe Nofe and Forehead they drew a blue Stroke; his Head they adorn’d with a Plume of Beathers, and in the left Hand plac’d around Box, in the right a crooked Staff like a Serpent, and Wings behind on his Shoulders; at the appointed Feaft-day the Nuns meet before Sun-rifing, in new white Apparel, with Garlands of Maiz about their Heads and Necks, which hung down below the left Shoulder, their Faces painted with feveral colours, about their Arms -hung Parrots’'Feathers from their Elbows down totheir Hands : Thus adorn’d, they carried the kneaded Idol to a Court, where the Youths that inhabited a Cloyfter in the fame Temple, fetching the Idols blue Throne, with great Reverence fet it down at the lower Step of the Temple, at which the People threw Dufton their Heads ; which was no fooner done, but the Boys ran with all {peed to the Mountain Chapultepec: a League from Mexico, whither the Multitude following them in manner of Proceffion, made all fhort Prayers and Offerings there ; from thence haftening into the Champain Fields Atla- cuavaya, they petform’d the like Service as before; which done, they went"to the Village Cuyoacan, a League farther ; from whence they came back in all hafte with theit Tdol into Mexico : Wherefore this Proceflioning for its expedition was call’d Ipaina Viztliputli. The Idol being brought into the Temple, was by four Cords made faft tohis Throne, hoifed up to the Cieling with the noife of Drums and Trumpets, whilft the fore-mention’d Youths ftrow’d the Temple both within and without full of Rofes ; after which the Nuns gave the Boys the tefemblances _ of Bones made of the Giiie Dough with the Idol, with which they were to cover the Floor of the Chappel; then appear’d the Temple-Priefts, with Scatfs about their Bodies, Garlands on their Heads, and Strings with Flowers about their Necks, . each going in order according to his quality to the place where the Bones lay ; which being Confecrated with Songs and Dances, were religioufly worfhipp’d for Bones of the Idol ; after which fix of the Priefts went down to the Stone Quanxie calli, on which the ‘Peifonees lying upon their Backs, had their Hearts pull’d oue; which being finifh’d, the Maids and Boys before-mention’d went to meet one acs ther, Dancing to the found of Pipes, Drums and Songs ; which their neareft Rela~ tions an{wering, Danc’d round about them, whither the whole City and Coun trey People all about came flocking in great shina During this high Feaft none, upon great Penalties, durft eat any other Food but the Cakes made of the Gene Dough of which the Idol was made ; neither were they permitted, though Children, to drink till the Afternoon. Laftly, the Prieft climb’d up toa Chappel ftrow’d with Rofes, in which the Idol fitting; they difrob’d him, broke his holy Arms and Legs into little pieces, Ancient At+ tire of the Mexicans. which they diftributed amongft the common People, who receiv'd them with great Reverence, and with tearsin their Eyes, imagining they eat the Body of their God ; for which honour every one paid a tenth part of the Charge which had been fpent i in this high Feaft.. Then’ a Prieft admonifh’d them how they fhould. lead their Lives, fince they were united with their God; which ended, they all went to their Several Habitations in a wonderful good dedet from the Temple. Concerning the Mexicans Apparel, it is a fufficient teftimony, chat they are no way of the fame original with. the feveral barbarous Nations, that run up and down naked in New Spain: for the Inhabitants of Mexico went antiently Cloth’d in Cotton : On their Heads they wore a high Plume of red Feathers , about their Necks, over their Shoulders, Breaft and Back, a kind of large Tharase of Feathers eu lag Chap. V. AMERICA 77 * YT] ja VE Hi) H Hl] fl + His Th My Y, i } iA "asia curioufly pleited ; each Arm adotn’d with Atmlets, and their Middles girt with broad white Girdles full of red Streaks; in ftead of Garters they wore Laces of Feathers, as alfo a little above their Ancles. Their Priefts be{mear’d all their Bodies, ef{pecially the Head, with an Ointment, whofe f{pecial vertue was to make their Hair grow exceeding long, which they braided with broad Cottom Strings , they alfo{mutch’d themfelves with a kind of blacking Stuff; when they went to make Offerings to their Idol in Caves, Woods, or on high Mountains, they bes dawb'd themfelves with an Ointment made of Spiders, Salamanders, Adders, Scorpions and Toads, which the. Temple-Boys caught for them in great abun- dance, This Ointment they made with many Circumftances ; for having roafted the foreemention’d Vermine on the Hearth of the perpetual Fire before Viztlipuztli’s Altar, and ftamp’d the fame in a Mortar with Tobacco, living Scorpions, the Seed Ololuchgui, (to which they a{crib’d a power of ‘reprefenting Vifions) hairy Worms, and Soot, they kneaded all together, put the Ointment in Pots, and plac’d it before the Idol, thenceforth reputing it a fanétifi’d Medicine, that would prove good againft all manner of Difeafes ; wherefore the Priefts being always fent for to the Sick in ftead of Doétors, perfum’d the Patient, fhav’d his Hair, hung Snakes Bones about his Neck, and order’d him at a certain Hour to bathe himfelf, and in the Night to watch before a Fireehearth, and to eat no Bread but what had been Offer’d to their Idol. Moreover, the {aid Ointment is thought to have another power, viz, to make thofe that anointed themfelves with the fame, valiant and ftrong ; whichthe common People believ’d, becaufe the Priefts would go through Woods and Wildernefles that abounded with ravenous Beafts. Thefe Heathens alfo feem’d to have fomething of Circumcifion and Baptifm; for they not onely cut off a piece of the Infant’s Ears and privy Members, which they Offer’d to their Idols, but alfo wafh’d themas foonas they came into the World, putting into their Hands fuch Tools as were of ufe in their Fathers Profeffion, bing tal Ua Their Marriages alfo were celebrated with great folemnity: The Prieft having *. ask’d the Bride and Bridegroom, If they would joyn togecher in Matrimony ? -if Be 3. - they AMERICA. Chap. Vi they both confented, he ty’d the Brides Scarf, and Bridegrooms Coat together,and fo accompanying: ere home, ledthem nine times about the Fire-hearth: If the Bride had no I mpediments, then the Bridegroom made Prefents to her Father and Mother, Offerings to the Gods, and a brave Dinner to the neareft Relations ; after which an Inyentory ~ was drawn of what each of them had brought, shit upon their being Divore’d, (v which was very common amongft the. Mexicans) each might have his fhare; and if they had Children, the Man was to keep the Sons, and the Woman the Daughters ; nor were they petmitcedson pain of death sbeing once part- ed, to joyn together again. ah The Fealt On the ninteenth of May they kept the Feaft Texcoalt, *Conlecrated to the Idol es Texcatlipuca, beforewhomthey Offer’d a Slave; which’ was done after this manner: Towards the Evening the Multitude coming into the Temple, the Priefts pulling off the Idois old, put on new Apparel, hung him full of P: cious Stones and Arm- lets, fer Plumes of Feathers on his Head; which done, the Curtains behin Pepin he food, were drawn, and a Prieft Cloth’d exactly like the Idol commas | sitar hieiel round, blow’d a kind of Trumpett towards the fo ir Win is, and : Earth, which all the People imitated: whereof thofe which had Eee teed any” hainous Offence,, Offer’d Incenfe to the Idol, and weeping, begp’d farghefaets of their Sins. Thofe that were Soldiers belong he him to grant them ftore of Prifoners, — and ftrength to conquer their Enemies ; for which they would return him thanks . with Offer’d Prifoners. This Feaft of Texcoale lafting ten stds; ended on the twenty ninth of May with peculiar Ceremonies ; for in the Morning a company of Priefts, black all over, cattied’on'theit Shoolders'a large Chair of State richly adorn’d ; in which fat clei Idol Tezcatlipuca, and Priefts with long pleited Hair, ‘and Glad in’ the fame Appa- rel with the Idol, which they fet down at the Foot of a pair of Stairs which led up toa Chappel; ovbiche® the attendant Youths and Virgins ame and {pread Car- pets before it, and green Boughs of Manghey; after which two’ Priefts ‘carried the Idol into afpacions Court inthe Temple, feveral others walking before, each with a perfuming Veffel ; when they threw their Perfumes on the Confecrated Hearth, they held their Hands towards the Idol, defiring him that he would fend their Prayers to Heaven: Next follow’d the Multitude, who feourg’d themfelves till ‘the Blood ran down from their Backs. So foon as the Proceffion was ended, the reprefented Teacatlipuca was hoifed up tothe Cieling, and abundance of Fiswels ftrow’d before the Altar ; which done, every one went home to Dinner, whilft the Youths and Virgins adorn’ d theldol, and plac’d Meat before him: Laftly, the Votarefles came two and two with Baskets of Bread, and Difhes of Meat : their Governefs in a white Sur-Coat over a red Veft, with Wings on her Shoul- ders, and broad Girts, at which hung Calabafhes fill’d with holy Reliques and Flowers: Moreover, fhe conducted the Votareffes to the Steps of the Altar on which the Idol fat; where having eaten Bread they came back, and the Temple- Servants went in their places, and carried the Meat which ftood on the Altar to the Priefts Cells, who by that time were to have Fafted five days: this done, the Peo- ple came all to the Temple again, to be prefent at the end of the Feaft: then a Slave, who had reprefented the Idol a whole year, appear’d, to whom every one having fhew’d Reverence, the chief Prieft cutting open his Breaft, tore the Slave’s Heart reaking out of his Body, and fhew’d it tothe Sun; then hie Confecrated Youths and Maids made a great noife with Drumming, Singing and Dancing about the Body till Sun-fet ; after which the Virgins going up to the upper Chappel, _ d Bread and Frnit, made ay like dead’ Mens Bonesand Heads, before the Idol, wie - _+ - = .~eue a = a on - = ~ — . ~ sal — - iw ae a fa ~. < ~ SS ———_—_ =, 2 - “a - — + ’ aon 7 — 2 ~ Nt ee i ae ee ~—s _ ee > Chap. V. AMERICA. where, after it had ftood a little while, che Servants went up and fetch’d itdown, whilft the Youths and Maids went to their feveral Cloyfters. | Much after the fame manner, and with fuch like brutifh Ceremonies, not worth mentioning, was alfo celebrated the Feaft of Quetzatcoalt, | »* In the inner part of the Temple ftood a Stage, on which upon Feftival Days the People Acted Drolls ; in which they fometimes feign’d themfelves deaf, blind, lame, and the like, and begg’d to be cur’d of their Idols, fometimes were drefs’d like Serpents, Adders, Crocodiles, or other ravenous Beafts, in which poftures they fought one with another. ~ Thofe Feafts were. all kept on certain times, according to the Mexican Alma- nack, in which the Year was divided into eight Moneths, and each Moneth into forty five Days,which together made three hundred and fixty : The five remaining Days, to compleat the Year, they kept apart, on which all Affairs whatfoever were laid afide, ‘as Selling, Buying, Offerings, exc. nothing elfe being thought. on but Feafting one another for the pafling away of thetime. The firft Day of their Year was on the'twenty fixth of February. Each Moneth had a peculiar Name and Sign, Moreover, they divided the Year into four parts by as many Reprefentations, viz.a Houfle,a Rabbet, a Cane, and aFlintto ftrike Fire with; and Figur’d it out by @ Wheel with four Spikes jutting out round about it, colour’d green, red, blue, and yellow, and’ in the middle thereof a Sun ; each Spike fignifi'd thirteen years, wherefore ithad thirteen Divifions, diftinguifh’d by the four foreemention’d Re- prefentations: At each Divifion of the Wheel they fer down what remarkable things fhould happen that year by certain Characters ; as, 2 Man in red Apparel typifi'dthat Year when Ferdinand (ortefius, clad in Red, conquet’d Mexico. When the Wheel was fill’d with fifty two years Prognoftication, then on the laft Night they broke'all their Pots and Veflels in pieces, and blew out their Candles, becaufe they believ'd;that ac the end of the faid fifty two years the World would be at an end,and therefore they had no need of Houfholdftuff,or ought elfe: But fo foon as the Day appear’d again,they play’d on Pipes,Trumpets, and Drums,rejoycing that God had deferr’d the deftrudtion of the World fifty two years longer ; then they bought new Utenfils and Candles, and made folemn Proceflions. Concerning the Art of ‘Writing amongft the Inhabitants of New Spain, Fofeph Acofta tells-us, That fome old Books, containing ancient Paflages, the Courfe of the Heavens, nature of Beafts and Plants, were found in Jucatan, according to the Re- lation of a Learned Indian, but were all burnt by Command of a Spanifh Bifhop, bes caufe he fuppos’d them to be full of Matter touching the Black Art. Their Hifto- ries they deforib’d with the Reprefentations of the Things. Rhetorick and Poetry the Children ‘were taught by Rote in the Schools, fo that they never forgot what they had once‘learnt ; Buc at prefent they ule Spanifh Letters or Characters. ~ Moreover, the Government of Mexico hath ever been kept in a good Order, the King’s Power being exactly limited, that nothing might be loft of the common Priviledges: ‘The fourth King Icoath made Earls, who next to the Lords of Tezcuco and Tacuba, had-right tothe Crown ; which was like a Mitreturn’d up behind,and rifing before witha Point. According as they increas’d in Power, fo they advane’d in Royal Dignity ; in which Muteczuma the Second exceeded all others: And to manifeft his fplendor, his Houle forall forts of Creatures, and many other things, might ferve for a fufficient teftimony: for in it he kept Sea-Fifh in {ale Water, River-Fifh in frefh Water, and all manner of Beafts in peculiar places: The Birds Were keptin great Aviaries, {urrounded with golden Rails. -Next to the Kings fol- low'd four Earls call’d Atlacobecalcatl, which fignifies Princes of the Throne Launces, a | Weapon 279 Computati-} on of Time a« mongft the , Mésicans. Art of Wri- ting. 4 Ancient Go- vernment, AMERICA. ~~ Chap. Wi ‘Weapon much us’d amoneft the Mexicans. The next in’ Degree were the Tlacate= catl, or Man-cleavers ; Efauahuacatl, or Blood-{hedders ; Tfallancalqui, ot Lords of Black- ne[s, without all which the King durft not takeany Bufinefs in hand. High and leffer Courts of Judicatory, where Matters of Life and Death were try’d, were in mioft Cities: and other Courts alfo for petty Quarrels, Controverfies, andthe like. The Collectors brought-their Revenues to the Court every Moneth, The chief thing which preferr’d both Rich and Poorto Places of Honor, confifted in Valour and heroick Exploits. Their Arms were chiefly :fharp pieces of Flint made faft to a Stick, with which they could at one Blow chop off a Horfes Head. They alfo us’d Pikes, Clubs, and Lances, and fometimes Slings : For defenfive Armour, they had Helmets and Shields, made of Tygets, Leopards, and Lyons Skins. They always fellupon their Enemies unawares, their Defign. being generally to take Prifoners rather than to kill them; for they referv’d them for Offerings. to their Idols. Miiteczuma made feveral Commanders over his Armies, giving them a Power one above the other, which were to be diftinguifh’d by feveral Marks ; for the chiefeft ty’d the Hair on the'top of their Heads with a red String, betwixt which fuck a brave Pluime of Feathers; at the end whereof hung as many Taffels as they had done noble Exploits. To this Order belong’d alfothe King, who wore one of the fatme Marks with which King Muteczuma and his Son ftand Caty’don a Rock. The Ayulas, or ‘The Order of the Eagle, confifted of valiant Men. . The Grey Knights were of lefs Quality, and wore Collars which reach’d up to their Ears, the lower part of their Body being naked. Perfons of greater Dignity,when going tothe War, were Arm’d from Head to Foot: Which Order was alfo permitted to wear Cotto-Clothes, and Shoes richly embroider’d with Gold and Silver; they _us’d painted Veffels, and had Lodgings provided for themat Court. Theit Edu. © ‘Moreover, it is worthy of obfervation, what great care the Mexicans took in the You, bringing up of theit Children ; to which purpofe they had Schools neat to their Temples, in which Youth was taughtto Sing, Dance, Morality, Obedience, and alfo Martial Difcipline. Children of noble Extraé& had Learned Men for their Tutors. Their Punifhments for Tran{greffions were very fevere, the Mafters fore cing their Scholars to Faft and Watch, carry great Burthens of Provifions to. the Army, and be in the midft of Engagements. Others, whofe Fancy led them to a holy Life, willingly embrac’d the Services of the Temple. Tl eee Their man- Their manner of Dancing in New Spain was very ftrange and differing ; they us’d ner of Dan- 5 ‘ . 1: - cing = Ss pretty Inftruments, and Songs which contain’d antique Paflages, according to the Times ; they in their Motions imitated Shepherds, Fifher-men, Plowmen, Hune ters, and the like: Sometimes they Danc’d in Mafcarades, with a Man on their Shoulders, making the fame Motion with his Handsin-the Air, as the other with his Feet on the Ground. They had alfo Tumblers and Dancers on the Ropes, which fhew’d ftrange Tricks on an ereéted Pole. But above all Dances, the Mitotes was the chief, which was generally Danc’d in the King’s Palace, or inner Court of the Temple, inthe middle of which they plac’d a great Drum and a hollow :Tub ona large Image ; round about which the moft eminent Perfons made a Ring, Sang fweetly, and Danc’d leifurely, when on a f{udden two that-are more nimble, with divers Motions came into the midft of them, and Danc’d exaétly afterthe found ‘of the Drum and hollow Tub, which was feconded with the noife of Flutes and Pipes. SE Oe "" 3 ou bs _- - * ~ o- * * > - - _—* - - eee + = a? Tg: “ . — ~. aa ~_— -_ > — on, — - a _ ae f _— ML - a | pecker dere ‘ a " - - > oe va. : - * a1. arabe a > eg ee ne - = 7 = = . —_—— ——— =i. — -_- - a” CHAP: or" Chap. VI. AMER IC 4. RB GRUGLUOLILLE RELL RRRGRIRASEELEAEE Ie Gebsae fe CRAP: Vise 4... New Galicia. : \ Ry YEv Gallicia, by fome call’d Guadalajara, from the clitef City. This wtole- 4] Provinceis the moft Northern Countrey of all “nerica, that is inhabited to any purpofe by the Spaniards. Here, tis true, they are {catter’d up znd down in all the parts of it, but itis at a huge diftance, and for the moft part only wherethe Mines are. It is bounded on the Eaft and to the South, with the Kiig- dom of: Mexico or New Spaim; onthe Weft, with the Gulf or Bay-of Californa ; Northward, for fo mich as isyyet difcover'd, with Quivira and Cibola, lying betw:en eighteen and twenty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude, that is, from La Nutvi- dad, a Port {o nam’d by the Spaniards, in the Confines of New Spain, to the moft Northerly Borders of Cinoloa, a part of this Province, “containing, as is fupposd, not much Jefsthan three hundred Leagues in length, and in breadth much move ; and whereof nora tenth patt is either usd or frequented by the Spaniards. The Air is generally here very temperate, inclining rather to Heat than Cold, and fubje& now atidrhen ¢6 fidden Srormsof Rain, and great Claps of Thunder, which yet donot hinder, but thar the Countrey is held to be'reafonably healthful, and the People obferv’d to live generally to a good old Age. The Soil, by reafon of the Climate, would bea little inclining to Drought, but ‘that, befides the free quent Rains which, it hath, it is conftantly moiftned with frefh Morning Dews, which make it for the moft part wonderfully fruitful, almoft beyoid belief, yield- ing for every Buthel of Wheat chat is own, threefcore ; and of Maiz, two hundred for one ; befides great plenty of Sugar-Canes and Cochinele'; both -which fieverthe- lets the Spaniards axe {aid ro neglec& in fome fort, employing themfelves wholly about richer.Commodities :: for the Countrey affords them good 'ftore of Mines of _ Silver and Brafs, but of Gold or Tron, not many-as yet have been: found: -Fhe Ri- vers abound plentifully with Fifth, and the Woods with Venifony and fome other " wild Beafts.. The Countrey is generally more mountainous than plain, frequently Shaded with Woods,-and whole Forrefts of the ftatelieft PineeTrees' and Oaks that areto be feen; amongft which breed abundance of Wolves, which do great mif= chief to the People, as alfo Scorpions and Mijtiechots:, The Hurts receiv’d from 283 Bounds and Extent of New Galicia, Temperature and Nature of the Coun- trey. Scorpions, are heal’d with the Juice of the Fruit call’d Queon ; thofe’ from the My- - accounted a, foveraign Medicine againft the Gravel. e% os | The Trees peculiar to this Countrey, are, the Twids, already fpoken of int, Gikati- mala, and thought to be the fame we vulgarly -eall Indian Fig-Trees, and’are diftine guifh’d into fix forts. - | bStS dela vr 2 Ata ‘The firtt, by the Portuguefe call’d Cardon, hath:fharp:Prickles, thitk Keaves, ‘fal . of flimy Juice, an odoriferous Flower, ‘oval (Fruit; ‘cover’d - witlt ati“Oranveb colour’d Rind, and {niall Roots: The Fruit within confifts’of 4 awhite juicy; and fiiecho’s, by Vinegar and. the Juice of Lemthon. :Here is likewile a green Stone, ' Ati Ree *» - well tafted Pulp, full of black'Seed. 1 WOllsy dleq ) The fecond hath a round Body: full of Boughs, with Star-like Prickles hang- ing downwards, the! Flower? white, -and the Fruit very ‘like that of thé Cardon, Onely {mallets sbisr) ue ak to i dale biaati els {SadISS oil 2 + vee, “Le Several forts of. Tana Txegs,,.. c . - se as i; ion ve es EL are js - . - . a = Le * oe . 2 " ' C: . f . . a rel “vs , . : ’ 4 - . > Ves o Pas ° teak 4 : . : ; +g Oe ee _— -- ee The Root Caffannela. The Batata, AMER 1C4. Chap. ‘VI. = cle a om a =— The third isthe Caxabra, which fhoots Uptoa great Tree full of - ‘prickly Cods ; at the utmoft-end grows a Tiree white Flower; the Fruit, which.isas big again 2 as an Egg, is pleafant and cooling. The fourth fort hath a ftraight Body full of Pricklessa runs leffer and leffer to the top; atthe end of the {mall Boughs, eachthick Leaf produces ongcgat the Wood, if kindled, burns like a Candle. The Gfch, nam’d Cumbeba, grows out of {mall Roots, with cline or fous corner’d thick Leaves, full of Prickles, thé Flower fomewhat lefs than the former, the Fruit oval, hard and red, having a aihike and juicy Pulp : The Prickles of this Cumbeba- Tree are fo fharp, ana thick j in fo deep, that they can {catce be pull’d our. - This is that fort of Tunas that produces Cochinele, ‘which is a Worm that grows under the Leaves, and is.cover’d with a Skin, which being neatly taken off and dry’d in the Sun, as formerly mention’d, becomesa rich Commodity. Jofeph de Acofta tells us, that the Spanifh Fleet, Anno 1578. carried fo much Cochinele to Spain, as amounted to two hundred eighty three thoufand feven hundred and fifty Ryals. But the laft fore of the Tunas is the Unirumbeba, which hath a ftraight Body full of Prickles, onthe top whereof grow divers prickly- Leaves, not unlike thofe of the Palm-Tree.: It isonely found in barren places, remote from the Sea. Moreover, all kind of Fruits tran{planted hither from Spain thrive very well, as Apples, Pears, Granats, Figs, Peaches, A pricocks, Muskmelons, ee. « The Root Ca/tanuela ghicds a’ much better Feeding for Swine than Acorns. But ae mongft many other Roots which are found here, as the ‘Xiguimas, Yaca, Cochuco,(ari, Totora and Mani, the chief isthe Batata, which is fat,fweet, and windy ; it rus over the Ground spith a tough green Sprig, the new Fibres taking Root difperfedly up . and down, being yellow withour, and within full of milky Juice ; the Leaf refem- bling a Heart, is of a pale yellow colour on the top, and donuy underneath, roafted in Afhes, it eats better than a Turnip: Ic isdivided into three forts. The firft, call’d Omenapo-yeima, when boyl’d, fhews'like red Betel, bur Dyes of a Skye-colour ; the innermoft Skin, which is of a dark Red, yields an Inkelike Juice. The Ghap.: VI... AMERICA, The fecondfort, call’d Parro, differs little from the firft, onely the Body, Root, and. Veins ofthe Leaves, are of a Purple colour, a, The third fore Jetiope, being white; hath a very. good rellifh, and cures the Agiife sis qi lei. PR care Sree Mee | Severe ee The Pepper, which ishere call'd Axi; grows in the warmeft Valleys, and the more by being oftert water'd.s- thereiare jof it divers kinds, differing’ in colour, fmell, and tafte one from the other ; for-one fort is green, yellow, or red ; another fore yields a ftrong musky-fcent ; and one fort is fharper, another milder: the Veins and Kernels, thereof are eaten, with Sale.» 2 os se The Herb:Cevadilla cures all manner of Sores,’ ) oe oe . This Countrey ,alfo breeds. an innumerable company of Deer, Hogs, Goats, Sheep, Oxen, and Horfes ; and of hurtful Creatures, Pifmires, which do great mifchiefto the Plants, and Locufts, which fall in huge {warms on the Corn, and cannot be frighted fromthe fame by any means whatfoever. “The want of Water is alfo no {mall prejudice tothe Fields. _. | ; fara Ee - The biggeft River, call’d Guadalajara, with many windings runs North-weltward into the Southern Ocean; ‘and four Leagues from the City of thefame, falling down. from’a fleep Rock, it -makes {uch a horrible noife, ‘that ic deafens thofe which approach the fame. rire tie ueaee ec | The Lake Mechoacan opens here alfo with a wide Mouth. - The River before mention’d, produces all manner of Fifh in great abundance ; and alfo a fort of Hedge-hogs, call’d Iguana, which live both in the Water, and on the Land, and are of two forts: The firft, call’d Senembi, is four Foot long, of a deep green colour, with black and white Spots, hath a fcaly Skin, white Spots on 233 Bealtd Two forts of Hedge-hogs, each fide of the Head, a row of fharp Prickles from the Head tothe Tail, wide © Noftrils, great black Eyes, and little Teeth. The fecond fort, call’d Tejaguacu, dif- fers from the firft, in having white Spots on a brown Skin, a longer Tail, and a red Tongue, whichis flit. Both forts are reported to faft eight Moneths together ; and though often terribly wounded, and dead to all imagination, yet live a great while after ; and though they fwim up and down in Rivers, yet they Lay their Eggs in the Sand: their Flefh boyl’d is both wholfom; and of a good relifh. » The Spaniards which inhabit New Gallicia,drive a confiderable Trade in Merchan- dizing, Husbandry, breeding of Cattel, and working in the Mines: They ule Wayns and Carrs, drawn by Oxen, Mules, and Horfes,to carry their Loads, as al- fo Spanifh Weights and Meafures. They are littletroubled withany other Mifchiefs but what may happen from the treacherous Natives, who take all opportuniries to run into the Woods, that there they may exercife their Pagan Religion in freedom ; in which having {pent fome time, they gather a confiderable number together, and oftentimes fall unawares on the Spaniards, who ufe Leather Shields and Helmets, and furr’d Cotton Clothes, to fecure them from the Arrows which the Indians, ly- ing in Ambufcades, fhoot at them out of the Bufhes. ' The Natives, though fubtile, are lazy, and will not work, unlefs for great Re- wards. They wear Cotton Shirts, fquare Cloaks of the fame Stuff, made faft with two Buttons on their Breafts ; Drawers, and foal’d Shoes : Flag-Matts ferve them for Beds, on which they lie under Cotton Clothes: About their Necks, Arms, and Legs, they wear green Stones, and Snale Shells for an Ornament. Their greateft Recreation is Dancing, their Mufick being nothing elfe but the noife or found of a piece of hollow Wood. Horfe-fleth, and Bread made of Maiz, is by them accounted a great Dainty. The Drink Cacao is alfo highly efteem’d amongft them ; but much more the Wine that they make of Maguey, which is the wonder- ful The manrer of the Spani- ards living, The Nature; Habits, ard Cuftonss of the Natives, AMERICA. | Chap. VI, ful Tree that affords many neceffary things, viz. Syrrup, Honey, Oyl, Vinegar, Yarn, Needles, Water, and Wine ; every Man making it his Bufinefsf@ plant and preferve the fame with great care near his Houfe, notwithftanding they grow in feveral places of the Fields ; they have broad thick Leaves with fharp ends, out of which is drawn a Thorn, which ferves them for a Needle or Pin. Thefe Leaves have a hairy Filament about them, which ferves in ftead of Thred: the young Sprout being cut, produces a {weet Juice, which boyl’d,makes good Wine; when | grown fowre, ferves for Vinegar ; but being twice boyl’d, becomes a Syrrup ; and being hung over the Fire a third time, a perfect Honey : Alfo the Wood being fpungic,keeps Fire as wellas Match. Moreover, the Inhabitants when they trayel, carry Leather Bags with them full of (acao, Maiz, and Pepper, mix’d together. 7 Over each Village in this Countrey the Spaniards have plac’d an Indian (afique, ~~ Alcalde, and Alguazil, where all forts of Provifions are fold at a Set-price.. The Cafiques are fucceeded by their Heirs, who refent nothing worle than Afe fronts, and take pride in nothing more than their Valour. “i The Moors or Negro’s which are brought hither from Guinee, do all manner of hard Labour. | | | The Guachichiles and Guamares area valiant People, and have each their peculiar Language, utterly different from the Mexican. | | Divifion of | "This Countrey comprehends thefe inferior Provinces : 1. Guadalajara ; 24 Xa- ia ‘ifco; 3« Chiametta ; 4. Conliacan ; 5. Cinueloa; allof them on the Weftern Shore, 6. Zacatecas, to whichfome add Nova Bifcaiaand Nova Mexico, though others trea of them as diftinct Countreys apart from the reft. ; Sect ih Guadala jara. Guadalajara. Welt, with New Spain ; and onthe North, with Zacatecas. It is a Couns trey exceeding pleafant, and rich in all kind of Commodities, but efpeci- ally in its Mines of Silver. It is well water’d with the River Barania, which runs neth through the midft of ic, and with divers other Streams: yielding abundantly both Wheat, Maiz, and fome other Grain. Ina word, there is nothing faid of the properties of New Gallicia in general, either for Soil, Climate, or People, but is pee culiarly verifi'd of this Province. Towns and The chief Towns are 1. Guadalajara, which gives Name to the whole Province. ii It is feated on the Banks of, the River Barania, ina moft delectable and {weet Air, and a rich Soil, by advantage whereof it is become the Metropolis of New Gallicia, honour’d with an Epifcopal See, which was tranflated thither from (ompoftella in the Year 1570. with the Courts of Judicature, and the Refidence of the King’s Treafurers for that Province. ‘This City was buile on the Plain Molino, by Nunnez de Guxman, in the Year1531. The neighboring Mountains afford ftore of Timber. All manner of Spanifh Plants grow here likewife in great plenty. In the City is a Cathedral, feveral Cloyfters, inhabited by Auguftine and Francifcan Monks. The Bifhop of this City belongs to the Arch-bifhop of Mexico. The Air very tempe- rate, neither molefting the Inhabitants with toogreat Cold, nor excefs of Heat. 2. St. Maria de los Lagos, a Town thirty Leagues Eaftward of Guadalajara, being a Fronteer Place, and built on purpofe to fecure the Countrey againft the Chiche- _ mece, which are a barbarous and unreduc’d People of the North-Eaft parts of this | Countrey, Bounds of Cy is bounded onthe Weft, with Xalifco; onthe South and South- -" Chap: VRB COC AME RAT OA : LT, Countreyyewho harbouring themfelves in Caves under Ground in the thickeft of huge W and Forrefts, do oftentimes iffue out, and make foul fpoil in the Countrey where they come, having firft intoxicated themfelves with a Liquor made of certain Roots,’and would do much more harm, if it were not for this Garrifon. | 3. Del Spiritu Santo, built by the Founder of the other two, vig. Nunnex de Guf- man aforefaid, in'a part of the Countrey which they call Tepeque. Sect. III. Xalifco. » Alico, or Galefco, as fome call it, is bounded on the North, with Couliacan » Bounds: and . CS f % Defcription ; _ onthe South, with fome parts of New Spain; on the Eaft, with the Pro« of zal vince of Guadalajara, and on the Weft, with the Gulf or Bay of (alifornia. The Countrey is chiefly fertile-in Maiz and Mines of Silver, not altogether {fo ape for. Herbage and Pafture as fome other Countreys about it. ‘The People were Can- nibals before the Spaniards came amongft them, eating Man’s-flefh, were much given'to quarrelling and Contentions amoneft themfelves, but by this time, ’tis fuppos'd they are reafonably well reclaim’d both from the one and the other. _ Inthis Countrey, befides many other goodly ‘Streams, is the Great and famous towns of River Barania, on the Banks whereof. are feared moft of their principal Towns, See as 1. Xalifco, which gives Nameto. the whole Province, andtoa large Promontory or Foreland on the Weftern Coafts, which fhoots it felf out into the Bay of (ali- fornia, right over againft certain Iflands, which the Spaniards call The Three Maries. This was an ancient City or Town of the Natives, but fack’d and taken by Nunnex de Gufman, inthe Year 1530. 2. Compoftella, built by the aforefaid Gufman, and fo nam’d from the City in Spain, fo famous for the Grave of James the Apoftle, who ( according to the Roman Writers)’ was buried there, lies near the South Sea ona barren Soil, within the Torrid Zone ; yet the Ground breeds many forts of Vermine, befides other noxious Creatures ; amongft which the (apybara roots up whole Trees and other Plants in the Night. - This Beaft, refembling an indifferent large Hog, hath fhore Legs and Claws, thick Head, with a Beard, wide Ears, and on each Jaw-bone twenty for Teeth, befides two Tusks, butio Tail; ic goes flow, but fwims exceeding faft, and cr here Water for a confiderable time together; they often feed together in great Herds, and'make a terrible noife. | “<3. La Purification, a {mall Town on the Sea fide, towards the Confines of New 4 Spain. iT +2 sg Lie “Sect. TV. Chiametla. ay, Gain Xalifco juts Chiametla,along the South Sea, where the Inhabitants wear centlen ot “| fhort Cloaks, and Deer-skin Shoes; and in the Wars ufe Shields made of . ftrong Twigs cwifted together. The Women, which are indifferent Kand- _ fom, are clad down to their Feet. The chief Town of this Province is Sant Sebaftian, fo call’d from the River upon irk adhy Which it ftands , it was built by Captain Francifcus de Yvarra, Anno 1554, who difcos "= | or Ff vering ' nl =. = - e ae = = — —— at a - “a - es ~ out ee St ae =, . = — @u - a= att > " x — Bounds of Couliacan, Nunnez de Gufman firlt Difcoverer § of this Coun- trey. AMERICA. Chap. VI. vering many Silver Mines, hath made feveral Melting: aos in Vb al Silver being melted (wins upon the Lead. ag Secr. V. oR aa Couliacan. Ext to Chizmeele Weftward and Southward of Cinoloa, lies Couliacan, Coaft- N ing all along the Bay of (alifornia, which it hath on the Weft; on the Eaft it hath New Bifcay ; and on the South, Xalifco. The Countrey.i is not defective inany kind of neceflary Provifion, but more efpecially it aboundeth with Fruits of all forts. But the Spaniards look onely at the Mines, of which they. have fome few inthis Countrey. The People were generally Cloth’d with: Cotton- Wooll when the Spaniards came firft among them, but yet never a whit the more modeft, being exceedingly given to Venery, acid thatin a more Siamelee and beaftly manner than many other Americans who went naked. The Spanifh Towns are thefe, 1. Hinftula, feated on the Banks of a ‘fair rear diftant about a days Journey from the Sea. 2. Quinola, 3. Quatrobarrios, an old Town of ‘the Natives, but new nam'd by the Spaniards. 4. El Leon, an old Bure rough. -§. (onliacan, thie chief Town of the Province. 6, St. Michael, in the Valley of Mita, two Leagues diftant from the Sea, in a richand plentiful Countrey, both for Corn “ad Fruit, whither ic was remov ‘4 from the Banks of the River Orala, where it firft Rood ; it was built by Nuwnex de Gufman in the Year 1531. after oa had burnt the Towns, and deftroy’d a great number of the Natives, Inhabitants of the Countrey. This Countrey was firft difcover’d by the aforefaid Nunnex de Gufman (afcer he had built Guadalajara) after this manner : Marching from (hiametla to Piatzala, he tuin’d this Province with Fire and Sword : he likewife conquer’d the Countre of Zapuatun and Piaztla, the firft being a Plain, lay inclos’d within high Moun; tains, where the Spaniards met none but Women, till they came to a great River call’ d De'la Sall, whofe Banks on each fide were well inhabited , the’ fecond | juts againft the Ocean, and is water’d by a River of the fame Desomunation. Here, within the Houfes, (which are built after a ftrange manner) lay thoufands of Ser- pents mingled togeth er, with their Heads-fticking out on the top : and at the fi and hiffing with open Mouth at thofe which approached them. The Inhabitants fhew’d great Reverence to thefe Serpents, becaufe (as they faid) the Devil often a ap- pear'd to them in thatform. And this feems to bea Cuftome : among them from the Tradition of Eves being tempted by the Devil in the fhape of a Serpent : Nor was this Superftition peculiar onely to thefe Indians, forafmuch as divers Nations ofthe ancient Heathens of other parts of the World,-worfhipp’d the Likenefs of a Serpent. And even amongft the Greeks, according to Plutarch, Hlefychins, Clemens Alexandrinus, and others, it was no unufual thing in their religious Worfhip to call on Eva, and atthe fame time to fhew a Serpent. Plutarchus and Ahanus fay, ‘That the Aeyptians honour’d a Serpent for their God. ‘The fame faith Fra/mus Stella of the old Prufsians ; Sigifmund Baro, of the Liflanders ; and Alexander Guagir , of he Sarmatians and Samogethes. Moreover, fome write, that in the Province ae Cale are Serpents with exceeding great Heads, and weighing as much as a great ae to which the King fhews great Reverence; fo that it feems the Devil takes delic to be worfhip’d in that fhape wherein he work'd the Fall of Man-kind, al Gufman leaving Piaztla march’d to Bayla, where he found the teat River De Mi . Zeres, Chap. VI. °° AMERICA. ———. a See geres, and the Countrey full of Woods and Paftures: thence travelling upwards along Mugueres, they afcended tothe top of a Mountain, where they were aflaulted. by the Inhabitants of the aforefaid Village Quinola, whom neverthelefs they foon put to flight , but not long after receiv’d a fhrew’d Repulfe at the Entrance into a Wood built full of Houfes ; yet neverthelefs being at length Conquerors, though . not without fufficient lofs, they march’d farther in amongft the Mountains, till their Provifions beginning to grow {carce, and they feeing no likelihood fy get- ting to an end of this troublefom Journey, at laft their Neceffities forc’dthemto _ retire. The Flood which comes out of the Sea upto the City St. Michael, through the River (ignatlan, abounds with Fifh, and efpecially the Guarapacu, which is feven Foot long whenit comes to its full growth ; it hath no Scales, but a{mooth Skin of a Silver colour mix’d with Green: from the Head tothe Tail runs a crooked Line of thin Scales on each fide; it fwims exceeding fwift, feeds on leffer Fifhes, and {pawns in the Sea: the Flefh being wholfom and good to eat, is falted up againft Winter. At the fame Place is alfo the Piracarba, which fhines exceedingly, having Silver-colour’d Scales, a broad flit Tail, a long white Beard, four great Fins, and a little Head. Farther into the Sea are a fort of flying Fith, call’ d Pira- bebes, which rife by thoufands up out of the Water, fo efcaping the Dolphins and other Fifth which prey on them ; yet fometimes they are {natch’d up by the Birds, or elfe by the Fifhes; when they dive down into the Water to wet their own Wings, which confift of a thin Skin, diftinguifh’d in length by tough Fins. Thefe flying Fith alfo differ much one From another, for moft of them are like Herrings ; others have a thick Head, round before like the Dolphins. Moreover, the Countrey about St. Michael was always well inhabited. The Houles, being artificially built, were adorn’d onthe top with many ob{cene Ima- ges, and venereal Reprefentations : : But fince the Spaniards have conquer’d this Countrey they have deftroy’d them, and built other Houfes in their ftead, and alfo beftow’d much coft and labour on the Silver Mines De las Virgines. Ff 2 SECT. The’ Fith Guarapucn, The Pirae carba, Flying Fithes, AMERICA. — Secr. VI. q Cinoloa. o = >! — ~ ew) 7 cud a —— — a 2 > : i = - ie — = a _ “ =< —«< r. a - =~ oe _-- _ r ’ Lem ad Inoloa is the moft Northern part of New Gallicia, bounded on the Weft, with C; fome part of the Gulf or Bay of California, on the Eaft, with along Ridge of Mountains, which they call Tepec/uan ; on the North, with Cibola; and with Couliacan on the South. This Country,befides the general fertility of the whole Province of New Gallicia, yields great ftore of Cotton-Wool, by reafon whereof both Men and Women here are better Apparell’d, for the moft part, than elfe- where the Americans are ; isexceedingly well water’'d with Rivers, which defcend from thofe Mountains Tepec/uan, not above thirty or forty Leagues diftant from the Sea; and which, with the variety of their Streams and Meandrous glidings, do divide the Countrey into many and good Paftures, which are likewife ftor’d with abundance of Kine, Oxen, and other Cattel. ti | The chief Towns poffefs’d by the Spaniards are 1. St. Philip and Jacob, feated towards the Sea fide, on the Banks of a fair River, about thirty or forty Leagues diftant from the Town of Couliacan. | 2. St. Jobn de Cinoloa, an ancient Colony of Spaniards, fetled there by Francifco de Yvarra, in the Year 1554, which is all they have in this Countrey, except fome few old Forts of the Natives, which they found, after their manner, poorly furnifh’d ; but have fince repair’d them for Defence againft the Natives of thofe Parts, which & - zm — pee ee a ae e — a e Se “ === ~ = we — - ==: See ee a er as yet remain unreduc’d. | ee This Province was alfo difcover’d by Nunnex de Gufman, who having refted Travel, forme Weeks in St. Michael, proceeding on his Way, he Ferried over the River Pee tatlan, which receiv’d that Denomination becaufe the Houfes were cover’d with Mats, by the Indians call’d Petat. The People hereabouts were generally Man-eaters. Eighteen Leagues farther runs the River Tamochala, which hath many Villages on both fides thereof. | Between Petatlan and Tamocbala lie feveral defolate Wilderneffes, and Woods of the Brafile-Tree. | | : | But Gu/man travelling up twenty feven Leagues along the foresmention’d Ri- ver Tamochala, came to the Province Cinoloa, where they ftay’d fix Weeks, by rear fon of the abundance of Rains ; during which time the Villagers provided them Turtle-Doves, Hares, Rabbets, and all forts of Fowls ; but at laft deferted their Habitations inthe Night : after which the Spaniards crofling Tamochala went along a barren Defart, where (had they not found Water in certain Wells, and likewife ftore of Juice out of the TunaseTrees) they had without doubt perifh’d ; at laft get. ting over the River Yaguinu, they found a deferted Village, out of which a broad Path led along the Stream ; whither Gu/man marching, he came into a Plain, where he fpy’d feveral Indians, which after fome refiftance were routed by the Spanifh Horfe. : : | | The Villages built on the Banks of the River Tagninn, as alfo the Language of the Inhabitants differ little from the former. i | ‘Not far from hence a Ridge of Hills runs into the Sea, and alfo extend theme felves a hundred Leagues towards Xalifco. SECT GhpoME AA MERTCA ee Sect. Vik Zacatecas. lajara; onthe North, with New Bifcay ; on the Weft, with (ouliacan and fome part of Xalifco; and on the Eaft, with New Spain.» The Countrey, efpecially the more Weftern part of it, is very rich in Silver Mines, no Province of this part of America richer ; but not fo apt either for Wheat or-Maiz, But the Ea- flérn parts of it are abundantly ftor’d with all forts of Fruits, the Woods every where replenifh’d with Deer, the Fields no lefs with Corn, and every Tree almoft giving Entertainment to fome Bird or other. The Towns are 1. Las Zacatecas, forty Leagues diftant SL Giadaliiare. and fourfcore from Mexico, but neighbor’d with moft rich Mines, and therefore both Garrifon’d and well peopled by the Spaniards ; for “tis fuppos'd there are no lefs than five hundred Families of them in the Town,and about the Mines. 2. St. Martins, rwenty feven Leagues diftant from Zacatecas, and as richa Place, having a Colony of four hundred Spaniards at leaft. 3. St. Lucas de Avinno. 4. Erena, lefler Towns, but both of them rich, and feated in fn midft of excellent Mines. . Nombre de Dios, in the moft Northerly part of this. Countrey, fixty eight i irs diftant from Guadalajara, and founded by the aforefaid Francifco de Yvarra, who having fubdu’d and quieted the Natives, and thereby gain’d to himfelf the Government of thefe Countreys, granted the propriety of fome Silver Mines both to the Spaniards and to the Natives, and by that means drew fo many of them thi- ther, that ina fhort time it became the chiefeft and beft peopled town of the whole Province. T: Zacatecas, as they call them, are bounded on the South, with Guadala- 289 Bounds and Defcription of Zacatecat. Towns and Villages, 6. Durango, in she Valley of Guadiana, eight Leagues diftant from Nombre de Dios, and built by Yvarra. 7. Deres de Frontera, a Place built on purpofe for the reprefling of the Chichemeca 4 forefaid, -and other Salvages that infefted the’ Borders of Guadalajara, in the Ree gency ef the Marquefs of Villa Manrique. 8. Laft, St. Lewis, built by Alonfo Pacheco, in that part of the au which is call’d Uxitipa, and peopled by him with a Colony of Spaniards, being diftant about twenty Leagues from Panuco i in New Spain, to which the whole Countrey of Hits. once belong’d. *The aforefaid Francifcws de Yvarra, “Anno 1554. difcover’d the Mine cdi’ d Sant Martin, and fince alfo Lucas Avinno, the Mine Del Sombrereto, lying near the City Del Erena: bur the Mines De los Ranchos, Chalchuites, De las Nieves, and Del Frifuillo, would produce much more Silver, if the Mine-works were ftor’d with Quick-filver, The Vice-Roy of New Spain, nam *d Lodowick de Velafco, order’d a certain number of Sol- diers, Slaves, Horfes and Mules, for every Mine, to defend the Workmen from the Affaults of the Natives, which oftentimes Sallied out upon them, Moreover, Vee lafco {ent Priefts through all the Countrey to Preach the Go/pel: But Yvarra having the care of the Priefts, guarded them with a company of Soldiers, ‘and in his Way difcover’d the Valley San Juan, and the River De las Nacos, where he conquer *d the rebelling Natives. Near the Silver Mine Sant Martins the Monks built a Cloyfter ;. after which Yvarra gave free leave’ to all that would, to dig in the Mine at Ayinno, which he had Ff 3 bought, Several! Mines difco« ver'd by the Spaniards, Bovnds of New Bifcay. Towns and Cites. AMERICA . Chap. VIL bought, on condition they fhould pay the real fifth part of what they got, to the Spanifh King : which Priviledge ftirr’d up many, infomuch that Avinno in a fhort time grew very populous. Yvarra, though having brought his Bufinefs to this pafs; could not reft, but fent Antonius Pacheco to a Valley in Guadiana, to build the fore. mention’d City Durango, where feveral Rivers make a convenient and delightful place for Habitation, whither Yvarra follow’d three Moneths after, and finifh’d the new Town. But the chiefeft Silver Mines, which borrow their Denominations from the Province Zacatecas, are: continually guarded by five hundred Spaniards, and as many Slaves. | rer SiS Se SiS eS Sa Se SS ee eS i Se Se SS Si SSS Se Si ie ei ei i iS SS Si SS CHAP. VII. New Bifcay. Zacatecas, on the Weft, the Countrey of Cinoloa ; Northward it is boun- ded with New Mexico, the Eaftérn Borders of it looking towards Florida, not yet well difcover’d : fo call’d bythe Spaniards, onely from:itsneighborhood. to New Gallicid. tis, as the other Provinces, exceeding rich in Silver Mines, and hath fome alfo of Lead ; which ferve principally, as fome fay, for the refining or pur- N= Bifcay, by fome accounted a Province of New Gallicia, hath on the South, ging of the other Metal. The People generally are of a ftout and refolute Difpo- fition, and with much difficulty fubmitting to the Yoke; yea, the Spaniards them- felves confefs, that there remain yet to this day four great Towns unreduc’d, _ though they lie, as it were, in the mid-way, betwixt the Zacatecas aforefaid, and the Mines and Town of St. Barbara of this Province ; The Spaniards call them Las Qua- tro Ceinegas, ot The Four Quagmires, as lying, perhaps, in the Marfhes, or in fome Fenny and lower parts of the Countrey. | } | The Towns which themfelves hold, are, 1. St. Barbara, famous for the rich Mines about it. | | | 2. St. fobns, equal to the other, and not above three or four Leagues diftant from it. ! 3. Ende, themoft Northerly Town which the Spaniards have in this Countrey, diftant about twenty Leagues from the other. i US ar) Thele be all Colonies of the Spaniards, and built on purpofe for fecuring the Mines; which when they were firft difcover’d by Yvarra, he order’d Roderigo del Rio to guard the fame, and took up his Winter Quarters at St. Juan in a ftrong Houle, ftor’d with all manner of Provifions, and erected there by him, as a -place of de- fence againft the Chichimece, who (though the Spaniards kept the place ‘with ftrong Guards) kill’d above four hundred of their Horfes and Mules ; which lofs no way daunted him, fo as to change his Refolution of going to Topia :| whither travelling, he found many fnowy Mountains, and fuffér’d extream Cold, which kill’d moft of their Horfes; being een fifteen days after to ftand {o ftiffly frozen, as if ftill alive: at laft getting within the Borders of Topia, after he had fuffer’d many inconveni- ences, he was oppos'd by the Inhabitants, till he pacifi'd them with Prefents, ‘, "+ SECT. Chap. VIII. AMERICA, ‘gi Sect. If. | * davens. of lacca, Chacalla, below the Promontory Corientes, the Bay Xalifco, the Road Xew Gallic: Maffatlan, and Chiametla, fo call’d from a Town about eleven Leagues from the Ocean. | we | Here, and in feveral places of New Gallicia, grow Lillies, Rofes, Violets, Jeffa- mins, and many other Flowers ; amongft which the Floripondium deferves peculiar obfervation, becaule it flourifhes the whole Year; and its white Blofloms, which are bigger than Lillies, opening in the Morning, yield an exceeding fweet finell. Inno lefs efteem is the Murucuia, by the Spaniards call'd Granadilla, which will Legdbhety not grow, if bereav’d of any of its Leaves: it bearsa Flower from the refem- blance of our Saviour’s Suffering, call’d The Pafsion- Flower, which exceeds the bigceft Rofe in circumference ; the uppermoft Leaves green, thofe underneath of a purple colour; onthe top hangs a round Buth of a thoufand interwoven threds of divers colours, diftinguifh’d by whice and red Specks ; the pale Stalk which fticks in the middle of the Flower,is divided into five others, that bend.downwards with 4 yel- low Button-like Knob ; on the middlemoft Stalk ftands a pale yellow Flower, which appears three hours after Sun-rifing, and clofes again a little before Suncfer : the Fruit, which is very round, {mooth, and of a pale Green, hath white Specks, a thick Rind, Saffron-colour’d’ Pulp, which is wholfom, of a good rellifh, and hath abundance of black Seeds inclos’d in little Husks. ' TY ir Countrey hath many convenient Havens, viz. San Jago, Navidad, Ma= Cenverien , STIRS TR STRSTS Sie SaaS Sie iS Se SS eS 9S Se Se ie ea ee CHAP. Vill. New, Mexico. » Ew Mexico (as’tis call’d for diftingtion’s fake) is bounded on the South-Welt, Bounds of N with New Bifcay; more diredtly Weftward, with fome parts of Quivira, *” “eae - the Countreys Northward of it not yet difcover’d ,; Eaftward it extends it felf as far as Florida. | | This Province doubtle{s for largenefs may compare with New Galicia, having > been fearch’d and difcover’d by the Spaniards above a hundred, fome fay two hun- dred Leagues direétly Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft: and they report’ Wonders of it, if we may believe them, at-leaf in refpec&t of what was generally found in thefe Northern parts of America at their Arf Difcovery ;* as namely, That they have Towns fairly and well buile of Lime and Stone, Houfes of four Stories high, and moft of them provided with Stoves forthe Winter Seafon, as well as any in Europe ; the Streets fairand broad, and the People as curious and expert in divers Arts and Manufaétures as any of theirs. More particularly they tell us of a Town call’d Chia, of the Province of Cuames, {o big, that it is faid to contain eight feveral Mar~ ket-places. Another call’d Acoma, agreat Town, but feated on the top of an high Rock, without any ordinary way of accefs to it, but by a pair of Stairs hewn out of the hard Stone, or elfe by certain.Ladders, which the Inhabitants let down and takeupas they pleafe. And likewife of a third, which they call Conibas, containing, as they fay, no lef§ than feven Leagues in length, and about half fo much in breadth, feated a hl r - yr : : 4 whe ; ils : > 2 ‘ /. ar | | i ' : r 4 { i é : oh oo +} i) ‘ - - ' niet? ‘ ; “eh thee oo Rt Lu ! a ' i : ii + : i 1 ; UO ’ ae | taal : ve ® | r 4 a. le \ ihe » I | . " tip) iy tia | ty hi v ! ‘ H | : \ + r | : a 4 7! A - in ' Travels of Ruyz Efpejns and others. AMERICA. Chap. VIII. feated upon a Lake, but fcatteringly built, and much of the {pace taken up with Mountains and many fair Gardens, in the midft of which the Town ftandeth , of all which more hereafter. This is certain, that the Countrey to which they give the Name of New Mexicé, is of a vaft extent, reaching from the Mines of St. Barbara — in New Bifcay Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, above two hundred Leagues al- ready difcover’d, but doubtlefs taking up no {mall part of thofe Countreys which are fometimes aflign’d to Florida, if not of the Confines of Virginia alfo. This Countrey was firft, Aino 1581. difcover’d by a Francifcan Monk, nam’d Augn/line Rayx, who with two other Monks of his Order, got eight Soldiers of Conde de Coruna, Vice-Roy of New Spain, for his Companions ; with whom he trae vell’d from the Valley Sant Bartholomew, to the Province De los Tiguas, where one of the two Monks was kill’d by the Natives, which occafion’d fuch a fear amongft the Souldiers, who judg’d themfelves too weak to make any refiftance, that they refoly’d to return, notwithftanding all the arguments which Ruyz usd to diflwade them from it; yet neverthelefs he and his Brother Francifcus Lopex, and four Indis ans, went onward of their Journey; which news the Souldiers carried back to the Francifcans in Sant Bartholomew, who fearing theit Brethren would be deftroy’d, fent feveral Souldiers anda Monk, call’d Bernardyn Beltran, after them, who were alfo accompanied by Antony Ejpejus,who {pent a great part of his Eftate in raifing of Men, providing Arms and Provifions, loading therewith a hundred and fifty Horles and Mules; with whichhe travell’d dire& North from the fore-mention’d Valley, and after two days Journey found a People call’d Conchi, who went naked, and liv’din Huts built.together like a Village: They were Govern’d by Cafiques, fed on Hares, Deer, Rabbets, Maiz, Calabafhes, and Melons. Several adjacent Ri- vers afford them plenty of Fifh. They were amaz’d atthe Crofles which the Spa- niards there erected, till they were inform’d of a Crucifi'd Saviour. Espejus being every where kindly Entertain’d amongft them, and conducted twenty two Leagues farther, came amongft the Indidns call’d Paffaguates, of the like Conftitution with the: Conchi’s; who had skill in Minerals, and judg’d that there were many Silver Mines in that Countrey, From whience the Paffaguates travell’d with the Spaniards to the Borders of the Los Tobofos, who no fooner faw them, but they fled, becaufe a few years before they had been miferably deale with by the Spaniards;but being inform’d by the Interpreters, that they needed not be afraid of any thing, they allappear’d, and condudted Efpejus to the Borders of the Patarabueyes; which People poflefs 2 large Countrey, Stone Houfes and Villages built in good order. Great Rivers which come out of the North, and others that difembogu’d into the North Sea, af- forded them all forts of Fifh; as alfo the Woods plenty of Venifon, Fowls, and wholfom Plants. In fome Pools alfo the falt Water afforded Salt. ‘ _ The Valour of the Inhabitants may fufficiently appear by the rough Entertain- ment which the Spaniards met withall the firft Night; forthe Patarabueyes fell fo fiercely upon them, that had not the Watch given notice thereof in time, none had efcap'd with Life; neverthelefs five Horfes were kill’d, and a confiderable num- ber of Men wounded-: after which retreating, they went upona neighboring Hill, whither Espejus fent his, Interpreter, and an Indian the fame Countrey, to inform them, That the Spaniards came not to moleft them, and if they pleas'd to cometo them, they fhould meet with none but Friends ;, which was the more eafily credis ted, becaufe the Cafiques receiv’d fome Prefents ; after which being reconcild, they conduéted the Spaniards twelve days Journey up a long River, whofe Banks were inhabited in feveral places. Fromthence they reach’d to a Place, inhabited bya People richly Cloth’d, who alfo feem’d to haye fome knowledge of God;: for in . their Chap. VIII. . AMERICA, their Difcourfe they pointed up-to Heayen, call’d the Creatar and Preferver of all things Apalito, and fignifi'd that they had receiv’d that Knowledge formerly from thofe that were left of Pamphilins Narvaex’s Army, who having rang’d through Florida were driven hither. bt. -Thele People alfo Prefented E/pejus many tann’d Skins, with which he went to a great Village, the Inhabitants whereof were very courteous, and barter’d them for brave Plumes of Feathers and Cotton Cloaks, ftreak’d with blue and white : but E/pejus having no Interpreters whom they could underftand, could not learn by what Name they were known,yet by figns they exprefs'd what time of the year they had Precious Stones brought to them ; and alfo what their Countrey produs eed ; and alfo that abundance of thofe Riches was to be found in a Province about five days Journey Weftward from thence, whither they freely offer’'d to condud the Spaniards, which accordingly they did, bearing them company one and twenty Leagues to the next Province, inhabited by a People whofe Name alfo they could not be inform’d of,yet ftaying three days amongft them,they were Entertain’d with Prefents and Dances both Nightand Day. The Countrey afforded them alfo ftore of Venifon and Fruits : Thofe that underftood Minerals, judg’d that there were likewife feveral Gold Mines. Leaving this Province, they entred into a great Wildernefs of Pine-Trees, in which they travell’d twelve Leagues in fifteen days, without feeing either Man or Houfe ; but at the end of the Wood they {py’d a Village of Straw Huts, where there were great quantities of white Salt, and Deer Skins neatly drefs’d, The Peo- ple of the Place courteoufly Entertain’d the Spaniards, and conduéted them along the River Del Norte,to New Mexico: The Banks of the River on each fide was plan- ted with Nut-Trees and Vines, which {pread themfelves out above three Leagues ; through which they had fcarce pafs’d three days together, when they faw ten POs pulous Villages pleafantlyfeated on the {aid River, from whence came ma ny thou- fands of the Natives to meet E/pejus, who was not fo much amaz’d at the great number of People, as at their extraordinary Civility and decent Habits. for they Entertain’d him with well drefs’d Meat, roafted Poultrey, and pleafant Fruits : Their Garments were Cotton Cloaks, Deer-skin Breeches, Shoes and Boots of good Leather. ‘The Women wore their Hair neatly Comb’d and Pleited. Their Houfes: were almoft four Stories high, handfomely built, and divided into fair Chambers, had Stoves or Cells under Ground againft the Cold in the Winter. Every Village was Govern’d by a Cafique,whofe Commands were publifh’d by the Alguaziles, Each Houle had a peculiar place in which their Idol ftood, before whom they fet Meat twice a day. Near the High-ways ftood Temples very curioully painted, wherein their Deity, as they fay, diverted himfelf in his Progrefs from one Village to ano- ther. At certain Diftances near their Plough’d Lands, ftood Portico’s, fupported on four Columns, under which the Husband-man us’d to eat, and take his Noon-fleep, Befides their Swords, which were ftrong enough to cut a Man through the Middle, they us’'d Bowes and Arrows: Their Shields were made of Deer Skins. Efpejus having ftay’d here four days, went to the Province De las Tiguas, which had fixteen Villages , in the chiefeft whereof, call’d Poala, Auguftine Ruyz, and his Brother Monk Francifcus de Lopex had been flain, befides four others; wherefore the People being con{cious of this Crime, and fearing that Revenge would follow, ‘Hed to the Mountains, from whence they could not be enticed, whilft the Spaniards found their Houfes full of Provifions and fome Minerals, Now thole being dead whom they fought for, fome thought it convenient to re- turn’; but A/pejus and Beltran perfwaded the contrary, alledging, That farther up, according 19} AMER 1C 4. Chap. VUE. . according to the Indians information, lay feveral Provinces which were worth the) difcovery, and advis'd that the chiefeft part of their Forces might ftay there, whilft they and fome few refolure Men went farther upon the Difcovery, which accor- dingly was perform’d. Efpejus having travell’d two days, came into a fruitful Province, jutting againft Cibola, in which he found eleven. Villages, inhabited by above fourteen thoufand People, who were clad in Skins and Cotton, worfhipp’d many Idols, and receiv’d the Spaniards with great Civility. Thelike Entertainment they met withall in: the Countrey Los Quires, wath’d by che River Del Norte; near which ftood five Villages, inhabited by about fifteen thoufand People. 5 Thirteen Leagues farther they found De los Cunames, having alfo five Villages, the chiefeft of which being Cia, boafted (as above mention’d) eight Marketplaces : The Houfes, made of Lime, were neatly Painted, and compris’d in all above twenty thoufand Perfons, all civil People, who prefented /pejus and his Company with handfom Cloaks, fet good boyl’d Meat before them, and fhew’d them rich Minerals, and the Mountains out of which they got the fame. ' Of the like Conftitution were the Inhabitants De los Amires, which being thirty - thoufand in number, refided in feven well built Villages, lying North-Weft from (unames. ‘i Bit a After this théy march’d Weftward, and found the eminent Village Acoma, men- tion’d before, built on an exceeding high Rock, to which led onely a narrow Path up a pair of Stairs cut inthe Rock; as alfo many Wells to receive Rain, - befides what they have out. of a River, led by Moats round about their Plough’d Lands, The Spaniards ftaying here three days, were Entertain’d with all forts of good Meat, Dances and Drolls. | | i From hence travelling twenty four Leagues more Wefterly, they entred the Pros vince of Zuny; where the erected Croffes which had: remain’d there till that time, were fufficient teftimonies of Cornaro’s having been there, after he was deferted by Andreas de Cuyocan. Cafper de Mexico, and Antonius de Guadalajara, being ferled on Zuny, (otherwife call’d Cibola) and {peaking the Indian Tongue better than their Native Language, inform’d Efpejus, that fixty days Journey farther Jay a great Lake, whofe Shores were crown’d with many brave Villages, inhabited by a People which wore Golden Armlets and Ear-rings ; whither Francifcus Vafquez, had gone a fecond time, had not Death prevented him. This Information fo encourag’d E/pejus, that notwithftanding it was fo great a Journey, yet he refolv’d to venture thither, though the Monk Beltran and moft of his Company perf{waded him to the contrary ; whereupon Beltran return’d: After which E/pejus went. on to the faid Lake , whither he was accompanied witha hundred and fifty Indians. Having gone “twenty fix Leagues, he found a populous Province, whofe Borders he no fooner approach’d, but he was told, That if he was willing to lofe bis Life, be and his Party might enter into a forbidden Dominion ; yet notwithftanding this: threatning Meflage,: he wrought fo much upon the Cafique by the Prefents which he fent him, that he was permitted to comein freely ; nay, the Inhabitants of Zaguato ftrow’d Meal on the Earth for the Spaniards to go over, and prefented Ejpejus at his departure with forty thoufand Cotton Cloaks, and a confiderable quantity of Plate, which he fene with five of his Soldiers, and all the Cibolan Indians, back to Cibola, keeping onely four - Companions and one Guide, with whom he travell’d forty one Leagues Weftward ;” where he found.a Mountain, to the top whereof led a broad Path; which, afcends ing, he took up Silver Oar with hisown Hand. The feveral forts of People that inhabited here wereall civil and courteous, living in good fafhion, in pretty large | . Houfes, Se a eS es - ee ge oo . : — - —_ _ . 7 9 od, -— - a = ° 7 = a ~_ = a — ~ 7 ‘ = = - “ < 4 OF ae ew r= “ ~ = , = = = : . - ~~ a? = a Pa 3 . + ~ 2 2 jae a — a = —* 2 en, i : r "nae ~ < — *) = Ss — = — —— ny a : - = - —— = : ~~ — aul a" i —- 4 e = = < _ — 3 - - - ~~ s ad a ae oo . , = 4 : _ ee a>? ‘ = > ee i > - = : — > = —- sz -— - - . — . - a a —— s ~ = = = -~ ; - " - —= —— ee. —_—s? . r — ~ " 5 = i) ~_ -~ ~ —— i - = ~ im — _ _ pl a —> ~ee a n ~ a. ee Chap. VIL “AMERICA, 403 Houfes, built on the Banks of a pleafant River, fhaded with Vines and Nut-Trees, and thick planted with Flax: They inform’d E/pejus, that near a ‘River whieh runs eight Miles towards the North Sea, were fuch ftately Palaces, as could not be beheld without great admiration. But E/pejus going back a plain Road to Cibola, found not onely thofe whom he had fent from Zaguato, but alfo Beltran, with the other Soldiers, who having been detained there by the Civilities and kind Entertain- ments of the Indians,-wete now upon returning home; fo that E/pejus was left alone with eight Soldiers, who refolv’d to venture their Lives and Fortunes with ‘him. They travell’d-along the River Del Norte, through the Provinces Dé los Guires and Habutas, whofe Mountains, over-{pread with Pine-Trees and Cedars, have many rich Mines. The-Natives wore painted Cotton Cloaks, and dwelt in ftately Houfes five Stories high. At the Borders of the Realm Los Tamos they were ftopt, and not permitted to come on farther; wherefore being but few in number, and feveral of then fick, they judg’d it convenient to crofsthe River De las Piscean (fo call’d from the abundance of Cows that were thereabouts) to the River Conchos and the Village Bartholomew, where E/pejus was inform’ d, that Beltran was one before his arrival gone to Guadiana. And now that we may have the better Account of New Mexico (which Ruz, Efpejus , and Beltran endeavor’d to difcover) it will be neceflary to begin with che firft original thereof, according as feveral ancient Hiftories make mention. The moftancient Poffeffors of that part of Northern America call’d New Spain, pep hg were for their fierce and falvage Nature call’d Chichimece, who dwelling in Caves, Mesicant,, fed on Moles, Rabbets, Hedghogs, Serpents, Roots and Herbs. Whilft the Women accompanied thief Husbandsin their Travels, the Children were put into Baskets, and hang’d in a¥T'ree. No manner of Government was to be found amongft thém. They never Till’d their Ground till the Navatlacans came from New Mexico (which was anciently divided into two Countreys, Aztlan and Teuculbuacan) to New Spain ; si which they Sow’d their Lands. ~ The Navatlacans (who us’d to dwell in Houfes, worfhip Images, flint their Lands, and obey their Governors) were divided into fix Tribes, each Tribe poffef- fing their limited Bounds : and there goes a Tradition, That out of fix Pits thac are to be'feen in New Mexico, the Navatlacans had their original, The time when they deferted New Mexico, as their moft authentick Hiftories or Records declare,was (according to our computation)’ Anno 940. and they farther affirm, that they {pent forty years ina Journey, which might have been travell’d in a Moneth: The reafon of which tedioufnels was, becaufe they refted in all places where they found a fruitful Countrey ; bur as they had advice from their diabolical Spirits, which (as they fay) appear’d vifibly to them, they ftill'went on farther and farther, yet left behind thofe that were aged, fick, and decrepid, building convenient Houfes for them, andappointing Overfeers to look after them. The Ruins of the Honfes ate yet to be feen on the Wayalong which they pafv'd. | The fix Tribes: divided themfelves after this maniier’; Four of them fetled . round about the great Lake of Mexico. The Sichumilans taking the South part, buile, befides two other Towns, a Metropolis of their own Name; as the (halcans on the North: > The Tapurecans built Axcapuzalco in the Weft, which fignifies -¢ Pi/mires Hole, becaufe of the abuadance of Inhabitants. The Baftern part was taken up by the Chalhuans. And all thefe Names have a peculiar fignification ; the firft fignifes "People of Flowry Fields": the fecond, People of Mouthes ; the third, People of Bridges ,and the fourth; Crooked People: Not long after, the Tablivicanns:: a ftrong People, wentover elie Mountains on the vite fide of the Maxiciah Lake, where they built feyeral Towns ) on AMERICA - “Chap. VIE on ahot, yet fruitful Soil, the chiefeft whereof they call’d Quahunachua, that is, 4 Place where an Eagles Voice is heard. The Tlafcaltecans went near the Snowy Moun. tains, one of which, being between Mexico and De los Angelos, vomits horrid Flames and Smoke up into the Skie. Here {cattering up and down, they built feveral Vil. lages, befides the City Tlafcalla ; the Inhabitants whereof alfifted the Spaniards, as hath been related in the taking ‘of Mexico, for which good Service they live free, without paying any Tribute. When thefe fix Tribes came firft from México thither, the ieliietoaes made little or no refiftance againft them, but hid themfelves amongftthe Rocks : yet fome of them not long after taking courage, flew to Arms, and had without doubt deftroy’d the.Tla/callans, had not-a fubtile Plot fav’d them : for under a fhew of Friendfhip they falling on the unarm’d Chichimecans, kill’d every Man of them. Jofeph de-Acofta tells us, that Anno 1586. he faw a Grave in Mexico; wherein a Chi- chimecan of a Gygantick fize lay buried. After this Congueft gotten by the Tla/callans, the fore-mention’d fix Tribes liv'd in Peace and Quiet, and fkrengenned them{elves the more by Marrying into one anothers Families. The Chichimece keeping on the Mountains ‘left the new People i in quiet pole fion of their Lands, nay, learnt fome of their Cuftoms, infomuch that they be- gan to build Huts, chufe Governors, and live according to their Laws, The ft The Tlafcallans having poflefs’d New Spain three hundred and two years, a feventh #evicen: ine Tribe (a valiant and civiliz’d People) came. thither, upon their Demon Viatli- w Spain puztli’s promife of having the fupream Government: wherefore he was carried in an Ark by four chief Priefts, whom he inform’d whither and when they fhould travel or reft, for where ever they ftopt, they built a Tent in thegmiddle of their Army for their Idol, ‘whom they {et on an Altar; which done, they Sow’d the Ground about them: yetif their Demon commanded them to march before Harveft, then they left. the: Produé& to the ancient and fick People. But at laft Mexi, from whence the Name of Mexico is deriv’d, conduated the Army into Mechaocan, where the pleafant Soil among the Lakes entic’d many to take up theit Habitation. But Mexi proceeded on his Journey, yet not without great Crofles, in regard Vigtli- puatli’s Sifter (fome Inchantrefs probably fo call’d) did much hurt to, the’ whole Army by her Sorceries, becaufe they would not honor her as a: Goddefs, till. Wizeli- puatli inform’d one of them that carried the Ark, that the Army fhould march, on, and banifh the Witch fromthem : whereupon fhe accordingly being driven away; buile the Village Malinalco,as a Habitation for Conjurers.Mean while,the Army grew weaker and weaker by their leaving fo many People behind them in moft places ¢ therefore they. judg’d it convenient, to reft a, while in Tula, wherea great River —water’d the Ceuntrey; which, according to Viztlipuztli’s Commands, : being dry’d up, made a large Lake about che Mountain Coatepeck, whofe Banks being planted with Willow and Poplar-Trees, were exceeding pleafant,: andthe more, becaufe of the variety of Birds.that made their Nefts.in the fame; which fo delighted ma- ny of the People, that being tir’d with travelling, they: refolv’d .to fettle theres which Refolution was-fo illrefented by Viztlipuztli,chat he'commanded the: Bank to be broken, that the Water:might have. liberty to flow its former Courle; and threats ned them with heavy punifhments :. after which, in (the: Nighta terrible Cry- of Murder was: heard in one part ofthe Army.» which being inquir’d after-the next Morning, they found’ divers People lying on,thé Ground. with their Breafts: cit” open, and their Hearts pull’d out : whereupon thofe that.remain’djwent, on to Chapultepec, where wi a fortifi'd themfelves in the Momntains:- againt the oer Pcop e, ~ im. —, — se - = 2-61 — tes - * =~ _ - + ine <= -7- — as ~ > — - o~ = es —s - =—— <> : = eee es Ss es eee ee = a — ego a ee “a f hd __'s ~ -- ~ ++ — — - & warn re — — Sores = — er =: oe ' . ’ Ai thi . —_—— a, _ on ae Ae Mle ~ HU a — —" Ny WZ), iy 42 sf le | | il iy IK yi — I MT = coe ’ = = a bE py ill i a Mm ‘sham i ‘ail ee i ii = ill ciara Al ia oe as wl r) le i‘ rae Pat rt i : OTT i Hii i bs i msl t | ia | Ih i a i t I i seta | | li i ii il HN | Hl i i | = Se a i a | Hl i co — aL t SO erie SAT a ~ NTT WNMiy \\ ) a Hil Wil WENN TH HA Hh Hn Ht MI as | cn == NN fy. \\ WN \ ZG — AU \\\ Aiitasre nt vee HH ali ii anil i il ih i} Ht} ull Hi Hi ul i} ANTI l] Mi Hi aM ae ma Hi Hil} a | Pi AT i r b Se, NN Hi TT | a ee ei, AN \) Al WW i Mi £5 <-e - is Wr i Ws HHH Hi IH} Mi. : Se MT) a \ HAART i \ — 4 — — — = —; —= 2 — = /} i iil Hit i) I MAN WK Hi. YH), iY —e AANA — TT TT OS /// WN : | sili Ws . a ily oH KM a eM mu mn in il & fe Se a eae yl ,, * - * Chap. VIII. AMERICA. | 194 People, which Copil, Son tothe Malinalcon Witch, had rais'd up againft them ; and foon after the Tapunecans and Chalcans went againft their new Neighbors, with whom they began a bloody Fight, when Vitzslovitli, at that time General of the Mexican Army, preffing in amongft them, broke their Ranks, and made way for all his Army (though with his own Death) to march Conquerors to Culhuacan ; The Prince of which Province gave them a Place to fettle on, near the white Water Ticaapan, whofe Shores fwarm’d with Adders and Serpents, upon Defign that the Strangers might be deftroy’d by them ; burt it prov’d quite otherwile : for they without regret eat the poyfonous Animals; and Dunging the unfruitful Soil, re ceiv'da plenciful Harveft : They would willingly have fetled here; after their fo long ranging up and down, if Viztlipuztli would have approvd thereof; but he told them; that they muft poffefs themfelves by Arms, and make a (ulbwacan Maid their Goddef$ :. whereupon they defir’d the Cafique’s Daughter of Culbuacan, who was fent them in rich Ornaments, and with a ftately Retinue: But fhe was no fooner entred on the Ticaapan Shore, but they flay’d her alive, and her Skin being ftuff'd, ‘and nam’d Tocci, was réligioufly worfhipp’d. But not fatish’d with this cruelty, they fent for her Father to vific his Daughter in her Dignity; who ace cordingly coming with great Attendance, was led into a dark Chappel, where by the burning Tapers he knew the Goddefs to beno other than his Daughters Skin ftuff'd full of Cotton ; whereat burning with rage, he afterwards fell upon thefe Murderers with all’ his Forces, and drove them to the Place where they afterwards built Mexico, We have often madé tention heretofore of the Governor of this Journey, Viztlipuztli, it will therefore be neceflary to give an exacter Defcription of him, as. followeth : - : | _ He was’ a woodden Image liké 4 Man, fitting on a blue Seat ina triumphant Defrinticn Chait : at each end ‘of which was plac’d a Staff with a Serpents Head upon it, from, Vicslipusth whofe Forehead, which was Painted blue, ran a Streak of the fame colour, crofs his Nofe to both his Ears; upon his Head ftood a Plume of Feathers, the ends whereof were tipp’d with agolden Varnifh; his left Hand held a white Shield, on which ftuck five Feathers, and on the top a Laurel Bough ; next the Shield lay four Arrows, pretended to be fent from Heaven ; in his right Hand a Truncheon, full of blue crooked Streaks like Serpents , behind on his Shoulders appear’d Wings, not unlike thofe of a Bat, his Eyes large and round, and his Mouth reaching from Ear to Ear, madehimterrible to behold, alfo gaping, and full of Teeth, which ftuck out of his Belly; in his Breaft alfo were two fiery Eyes, and under them a fhrivell’d Nofe; his Feet endedin Claws, hung round about with Precious Jems, golden Boxes and Shields fer out with divers colour’d Feathers. The Curtain bes hind which this Idol fat, was not drawn open except on a Feaft-Day. Next Viztlipuztli ftood generally a leffer Image, call’d Tlaboc, and alfo the God- def Tocci, Daughter to the Prince of (iilhuacan, who (as before mention’d) was flay’d ‘by their Demon's Command. Since which time they {uppos’d, that they Were never more acceptable to their Gods, than when they appear’d Cloth’d in an- other Man’s Skin ; and accounted no Offering better, than a Heart taken out of their Enemies Breaft, fince their Spirit deftroy’d fo many after that manner in the Army at Tula. , But Tocci, they fay, had alfo a Son much inclin’d to Hunting, whofe Imagethey 7's Fe carry, attended by a thoufand People, with the found of Horns and Trumpets, to an Arbor on a high Mountain; which being made of green Leaves pleited, had in. the middle an Altar, on which they fet the Idol, whilft the Multitude furrounded Gg | the -_ 298 AMERICA, Chap. IX, the Foot of che Mountain, and fet all the Bufhes about the fame on Fire; which done, they fhouted and hollow’d, and play’d on feveral Inftruments ; which fright. ing the wild Beafts that lay fhelter’d in the Woods, made them run to the top of the Mountain, where they were more and more inclos’d by the People, infomuch that many of them were flain for an Offering before Tocci’s Son’s Altar; which done, they carried the Idol backto his Temple, and the People made Merry with the flain Venifon. | Defcription As great Reverence they fhew’d to Texcatlipuca, becaufe (as they faid) he pardon’d ‘as image, their Sinse This Idol was made of a black fhining Stone,richly Apparell’d, having Golden Ear-rings ; in his undermoft Lip a Silver Sheath, in which ftuck fome. times a green, and fometimes a blue Plume of Feathers ; his Hair was ty’d withan embroider’d String, atthe end of which hung a Golden Ear, whereon Smoak was Painted, fignifying the Prayers of opprefs'd Sinners; moreover, the String hung full of Pearls, and about the Neck in a String hung a Jewel ; on his Breaft, as al. foon his Navel, agreen Stone ; in his left Hand he held a Fan made of a Gold Plate, in which ftuck many colour’d Feathers: this Plate. glittering like Glafs, was in ftead of a Mirrour for Tezcatlipuca, to obferve all worldly Tranfaétions in the fame: and to punifh Criminals, he held four Darts in his right Hand. His Feaft they kept once.in four years. This Idol alfo had the Command of Hunger, Drought, Famine, and peftilens tial Diftempers; wherefore he had quite another fhape, fat ona Stool behind a red Curtain embroider’d with dead Mens Bones and Sculls ; his Body Coal black, his Head ftuck full of Quails Feathers, a Quiver with four Arrows in his left, and a Rod in his right Hand, which made the Image feem very terrible. . The Idol Quetzalcoalt, being their Guardian over the Merchants, was.plac’d in a high Temple, being fhap’d like a Man, his Face onely excepted ; for that refem. bled a Bird’s Head, with a red Bill full of Teeth, a Comb, and a long Tongue ; on the hind-part of his Head flood a Mitre, and abont his Legs Silk Garters befer with Pearls, MERIT RRR RESCH Se EE SRS SS Se Se Se Se Sie SS Se Se a ee CHAP. IX. | = ° _ ae ~ s — - - = _ - . ys ee = : et te ee. - - = _ -_ _ —_-- ~ < — - . neon i) = > = - i « - « + AS » i a aaa tpn - - — “ < 2 = = _ - - - £ ¥ - - — . <= =- —- <= op —_ - —— < — = _ ww) — =» br . - 7? a “ — TS a> ae a . =. - ——— at —— _ i ~ , A > . Cibola, T ontonteac, and Nova Granada. Hough the Province of Zuny above-mention’d in the Chapter of New Mexico, inthe Voyage of E/pejws, be there otherwife call’d, and appear to bethe fame with Cibola, yet we find it not treated of by any as part of New Mexico, but by fome asa diftiné& Province, by others as a part of California largely taken ; for befides that California, properly fo call’d, hath formerly been ta- ken rather for a Peninfula than an Ifland, and ftill affords to fome an Argument of queftion, whether it be one or the other. The whole extent of the Province gene- rally fo term’d, hath been reputed to comprehend the fuppos’d Penin/ula it felf, Ci- bola, Quivira, and Nova Albion ; but fince, according to the beft Maps and Difcoves ties, there feems little doubt to be made, that California, ftriétly taken, is a perfect Ifland : and fince upon that Confideration we have referved it to be defcrib’d - amongft the Iflands of Northern America, we alfo confequently judge it moft requi- fite to confider thofe Countreys apart that were included in the extended California, | Cibola ' Chap. XI. AM-ER_IC 2. Cibola lieth Southward of Quivira, betwixt it and New Gallicia, to the North and Eaft : on the Weft it hath Mar Vermiglio, or the Bay of California. The Air of th Situation, Tempera~ e ture, and - : . ' Productions Province is indifferently temperate, efpecially if compar’d to the fharp Frofts and » si. Colds of Quivira. The Countrey is for the moft part level and plain, as Quivira is, having but few Trees in it, except here and there fome Woods of Cedars, which yet do abundantly fupply the Natives both with Timber and Fewel. The Ground affords plenty of Maiz, and fome {mall white Peafe, of both which they ufually make Bread. ‘There is great ftore of Venifon, and a kind of Sheep (as they fay, and as it fhould feem by their Fleece) as big as fome little Horfes or Oxen, fome of theit Horns weighing forty or fifty Pound : But perhaps by fome miftake of Authors, this Beaft may be no other than Taurus Mexicanus, elfewhere de{crib’d, whofe Hair is extreamly thick and fhaggy, and of which they make Cloth as of Wool, as hath been faid.. There are alfo Lyons, Bears, and Tygers in this Province, in fuch numbers, that the People ofthe Countrey are not a little troubled with them, and would gladly deftroy them if they knew how. The People are generally well Limb’d, tall of Stature, and feem to be a little more Ingenious than their Neigh- bors of Quivira; yet they go naked many of them, onely cover’d with Mantles made of Skins, which are many times painted, and that with fuch Curiofity and Art, as do fufhciently argue, that neither themfelves nor their Neighbors of Quivira, from whom they have themia Traffick, domakethem, but that they are the Merchan- dife and Commodity of fome other Nations, perhaps of (athay or China, who, by the North-Welt Seas, do Trade with the Maritime Parts, and People of Quivira, This part of the Countrey hath been reafonably well fearch’d by. the Spaniards, but as yet nothing difcover’d fo confiderable, as to perfwade them to ftay in it. That which feems moft obfervable, is the great Lake Tonteac, ficuate almoft in the midft of the Province ; upon which, or near unto it, they found feven or eight old Towns of the Natives, fome whereof contain’d four or five hundred of their Cottages or little Houfes, and were fortifi'd alfo with Ramparts, and other Works of Defence, fo asthe Spaniards could not become Matters of them, but by Force and Storming : Inthe attempt whereof Va/quez (oronado, their Commander in chief, _ was twice beaten down with Stones by the Natives ; yet at laft carrying the Place, he found in it good plenty of Maiz indeed, which was fome refrefhment to his Army, but nothing elfe + whereupon having nam’d the Place Granada, in memory of the Vice-Roy of New Spain, who fenthim upon that Expedition, he departed. In his recurn homeward he fell upon a certain Countrey, which he nam’d Tu- cayan, of which his Companions report great matters ; as firft, of a certain River call’d Huex, on the Banks whercof,in the {pace of twenty Leagues, or thereabouts, there ftand no lefs than fifteen good Burroughs, well built, and furnifh’d likewife With Stoves or Hot-houfes, againft the Cold, asin other Countreys of Europe ; as alfo of a very fruitful and pleafant Valley, which they therefore-call’d Aroba de Cora- zones ; of another great Town and Territory, call’d Chichilticala, and laftly, of the Valley of Nueftra Sennora, or Our Ladies Dale, in the South parts of the faid Terri- tory, all of them defcrib’d for flich tichand delicious Places, that fome take them for the Campi Elifii of America, efpecially feeing the Spaniards were never known to vifit them a fecond time, the Difcoveries that have beet made fince being oncly of the North-Weft Parts of the Countrey, along the Coafts of Mar Vermiglio, and this no farther than onely to give Name to certain Capes or Promontories which they met with, asmamely x. Porto de St. Clara, neat tothe Mouth of the River which they call Rio del Nordt. 2. Las Playas. 3. St. Michael. 4. Lago del Org, which bordereth on Quivira ; and laftly, El Rey Coronado, Eaftward of thar, G g 2 Tontonteac 300 . | : A M E R 1 4, 2 Chap. IX. Fontonteae. Ontonteac is mention’d by fo few, and by thofe few fo obfcurely, that it can not well be determin’d to be any other than that Countrey which lies about the great Lake Tonteac, above {poken of in (ibola, and which being made Habitable by fix or feven Towns notinconfiderable for Habitations of native Indians, might haply pafs for a diftin® Province. And perhapsthe reafon why this Province hath been fo obfcure, and little taken notice of, might be from the ruine of thefe Towns by War, or fome other Accident : and to this purpofe are the words of a late Wri- ter, The Province of Tontonteac (faith he) bath five Hloufes onely left, which ftand on the Shore of a fale Lake. ; : ; _ 4 + ~ > } = % = . - -- »: ov . a ~ “9 - _ - ‘ —— = ” —— = — ~ ~ eo , — ¢ ~ om ¢ + »— > . — a gear - aes " _ : > — 5 7 el tN reg a Se 7 = - = ~ -= wre —_ as * vince of Nor- thern America Neve Gra N Ova Granada, befides that it is a generally known and defcrib’d Province of Southern America, is alfo nam’d amongft the Provinces of Northern America, particularly by Bertins, Cluverius, and Golnitzins, and in fome late Maps of America fo conf{picuoully {pecifi'd, that ic might appear to be all chat Tra@& of Land which contains both New Mexico and the feveral Provinces adjoyning to it ; but fince we find it not defcrib’d by any at large, it will with moft verifimility pafs for that part of New Mexico where ftands the City of St. Foy ; and this ismoft plainly exprefs'd _ by Monfieur Martini, though there are who confound Cibola with New Granada. Wae ving which Decifion, we fhallonely infert a fhort Defcription of the Place, accors ding to (ornato, who feems to have been one of the firft Difcoverers of thefe Parts, and whofe Credit is preferr’d before that of Marcus de Niza. Its Deferp= Nova Granada (faith he) confifts of feven Villages, built in the circumference of four Leagues, the chiefeft whereof boafts two hundred Houfes, which for the mokt part are four or five Stories high, and built of Stone ; the Gellars thereto belong- ing, being neatly Pav'd, ferve for Stoves againft the Cold: they afcend!'to their upper Rooms by Ladders. The Inhabitants go naked, onely fome Covering about their Middle, and over their Shoulders Cotton Cloaks, painted with divers Cos lours. They live on Maiz, white Peale, Hares, Rabbets, and Venifon: their Salt wherewith they feafon the fame, they fetch from aneighboring Lake. ‘The Ture kies, which they have in great numbers, are kill’d onely for their Feathers, ‘note withftanding their Fleth is exceeding csood Meat. The Soil is for the moft ‘pate plain, yet hath fome high Mountains; and the Paftures flourifh with Graf. The Woods abound with Bears, Tygers, Lyons, wild Hogs, Rhinocerots, and thelike ravenous Beafts, which make the Ways dangerous for Travellers. Befides large Deer, there are alfo Sheep, which in bignefs may compare with Horfes, having exe ceeding great Horns, and little Tails. : jack, Dy ba Concerning the abundance of Turkoifes, of which Niza makes mention; Cornato could give nocertain account, becaufe a little before his Arrival the Granadians had convey’d their Children, which were under fifteen, and the. aged People, who were above fixty years of age, with their chiefelt Goods, into remote places: However, it is not unknown, that this Countrey affords Turkoifes ; for Cornato in his Journey . to Quivira, Befieg’d a City in thefe Parts neara great River; the Inhabitants whereof, when they were not able to defend themfelyes any longer, throwing theit Cloaks, Turkoifes,and other Riches into the Fire, Sallied out upon the Spaniards, and died not altogether unreveng’d, as fhall be f pecifi’d more at largein the Defcription | of Tignes, which being nam’d among the Towns of Quivira, will upon the compas ring of Circumftances, be apparently found to be the fame with this. ~ Laftly, New Granada hath no Fruit-Trees, but little Cedars fit for Building. + h = oe — at + —. — ~ —— ~ 24> he _ - ~~ - - = —_ ’ —— es — 4 — “elt le eget ee ai —s.* “ _— es ee | le : - - + r —_ « = ~ = - - a ~ = r ae 1 eee o ‘ - 7 * on at 2 ~~» al id = yal 'h-~ — = ~— - _ cal = = —_ = a - eS — A - —_ ’ -a . _ . “ = = - = - _ —_ - «= = avs a = + —s # dj . —— Pt i. — nt ~% oe >. : ~ » =e ~ 5 a? — one rr? ——_ ar - Fue = 7 ~~ x= = — : — tea 4 ae Be = = = - <=. . — pr + — - E - a — » - —— . — ‘ = » “ — - ~~ —s 4 _ —+ e i, on - —s - = ~ oy : aie -— i = an = - i et a - ‘+ Y Pee" -" = - al ae = Z + —- — ns — = c "> ~ =I35 - -- ~ = oa = —— — te '— . - > = ? p CHAP, ChapX. | AMER Ve, "i S 38i ann RRGRSARGeeneReenereeeneshees Renegeeeed CHAP. X. Quivira. Uivira is the next Region accounted of California, largely taketi ; yet appeais ing by fome Charts to lie fo vaftly remote, that: all New Mexico, Gallicia, and other Provinces already mention’d, lie between that and the Ifland. And whereas New Granada is by feveral made a part of New Mexico ; yet moft cer- tain it it is, that by fome it is confounded with this Countrey, or at ‘leat accounted a part thereof, as hereafter fhall more plainly appear, according to the Account of thofe that have moft fully and particularly defcrib’d ic. Quivira takes up the moft Northern and unknown part of America towards the Siuation of Quivira, and Welt, reaching as far as the fuppofed Straight of Anian aforefaid (if there be any Defi fuch) or elfe joyning to the Continent of Tartary. Ic is likewife the leaft fruitful b=. part of all the Weft-Indies, efpecially for Corn. Cattel it hath good ftore, and Pa- fturage indifferent good, the Countrey being for the moft plain and fevel’ and nos thing elfe but Pafturage. The Natives are few and falvage, living in Hoards of great Companies together, after the manner of the Tuartars, to whom they are Neighbors, and (as it is not imptobably thought) of their Race. The Men Clothe themfelves moft commonly in that kind of Oxes Hide, elfewhere {poken of under the Name of Taurus Mexicanus. The Women wear little elfe but their Hair, notwithftanding the Countrey, efpecially for one half of the year, is exceffive cold. Their Cattel, though they are much lefs than the ordinary Kine of Europe, are the chief Sinftendsige and Employment of the Natives ; by Pafturing huge Herds whereof from place to place, the People live, and maintain a Traffick with other Parts. Yet fome of them inhabit Towns, the chief whereof, as yet difcover’d, feem “to be thefe which follow : 1, Acus, or Acuco, a {mall Town, but {eated in a ftrong defenfible place, and Tepeas (of being a great Staple for Cotton, the Territory about it hath been taken for a di- ting Province, and by fome call’d The Kingdom of Acuco. 2. Tignes, 2 Town feated upon the Banks'of a River bearing the fame Namie, and inhabited, it feems, by a ftout and refolute People, and whom the Spaniards, coming amongtt them inthe Year 1540. had much ado to mafter : for they endur’d a Siege for the {pace of fix Weeks; and at laft finding themfelves fo ftrongly begire by their Enemies, that there was no means to efcape but by Death, or yielding up themfelves, rather than they would fall alive i into their hands, they firft buried and fpoil’d all {uch Treafure asthey had (which were chiefly Saphires, and a few other Gems, that the Countrey afforded) and after that fetting on fire their Houfhold- ftuff, cltey took their Wives and Children with them, and made a defperate Sally out upon the Spaniards ; wherein although they were moft of them flain, and trod underthe Horfes Feet, or drown’d in paffing the River, yet was it not without (ome lofs to the Spaniards themfelves: nor would thofe few thae were left behind deliver up the Town, till i¢ was fir’d about their Ears, and that they could no longer abide init. This Town, by all Citcumftances, muftneeds be the fame with that before mention’d in Nova Granada, which makes good what we have {aid above, viz, That New Granada is by fome confounded with, or at leaft taken fora part of iis Region. Gg 3 3. Cicnics = . laa AMERICY, | Chaps! 3. Cicnt, another fmall Town, four days Journey from Tignes. The Countrey about this place, although generally. it be-all.good Pafturage; pa maintains abun. dance of Cattel, yet is it fo open and plain, that for almoft a hundred Miles’ toge. ther, the Spaniar ds, in theit March hither ftom New-Spain, found neither Stone nor Tree, nor any effigies elfe that could ferve them for a Land- mark; fothat they were fore’ d. asthey march’d alohg,to raife up Heaps of Cow- dung, to ferve them for diseetiois in their coming back, which was not long after : for not findingthe Com.. modities they fought for, and fearing to be furpris’d by Winter in thofe cold Coun- treys, where they had no;kind of accommodation, they made. fomewhat aha Retreat, leaving behind. them onely. fome, few. Religious Men, of ‘the; Otder pe St. Peat bots Endeayours to'do. the People good. by Converting them torthe true Knowledge and Worfhip of Almighty God , procur’d) chem) not long e after, the Crown of Martyrdom, being murder’d all of them, except one, by che Natives, and he not withour much Aiftigulg clcaping their dap ds, i Spt apise ce dy: Neva dibion, N Ova Albion was fo denachtnaens by Sit, Bisnis Drake, whines ‘i was; hin Enter- tain’d by the King of that: Countrey ¢ but whether it werein Quivira that he was thus Entertain’d, and left that Denomination, or in the Ifland of California, ap- pears not either frend the Relation, or from the common Confent of Cofmogra- phers, finee fome there:are, who neat have Quivira and Nova Albion to be one and the fame Province. others reckon it\to be the utmoft North-Weft part of California. others make it difting from Quivira, yet determine ic not to the Ifland Califernia, feeming rather to make itan adjoyning Countrey to Quivira: wherefore finding little elfe that concerns the Defcription of the Place, exceprthe faid Voyage of Drake, we fhall here fet it down,.and leave the farther Difquifition concerning the Situation of the Place; till, we come to defcribe the [land of California it ff Sir xancs Captain’ Francis Drake fet Sail from Plymouth Anno 1577. and after much hardfhip rivalthere, Getting g through the Str aights of Magellan, axriv'd in the Haven Guatulco, having be- Fone bis coming thither Egle as many rich Spanifh Ships in the Solifherh Ocean as he codld pofibly have with’d for ; :fo.that his onely care now needed to have been how to get fafe home; yet he put on a Refolution, not to come fhort’ of Ferdinandus Magellanus, who Saild about the World. Which rane Refolution of Drake’s was ‘Approy ‘d of by all his Sea-men , whereupon hefet Sailalong the North: of »Galifor- nia the fifth of June ; being gotten into forty two,Degrees, which wasithe farthelt that Cabrillo went, he came on a fudden out of a. warm Air into fo frigid a Climate, that the Sea-men were almoft kill’d, with Cold, and the farther they went, the colder it grew.» wherefore falling down three Degrees’ more-Southerly, they got into a convenient Haven, where the Natives. who'liv’d along the Shore brought them Prefents ; which Drake left not unrequited, by cruaenitt them oneti that were to them morenoyel, and not unufeful: | Naureand —_ Thefe People are exceeding hardy ;. for snotwithftanding shin entradidiciary cata People, nels of the Climate, the Men. go naked; but the Women wear Garments of | pleited Flags or Rufhes, which being put sbent their Middle, hang down to their Ancles ; on their Stomachs hang the ends of a hairy Skin|ty’d together; which hanging alfo over their Shoulders, cover their hinder Parts) They fhew+great Riefpéct and Obedience to their Husbands. Each Houfe is fusrounded- with an Earthen Wall, and ali the Corners thereof being clofe ftopp’d, and Fires made in the mid of them, they are very warm. Rufhes and. Flags ftrow’d thick'on the Ground near the Walls, ferve them in ftead of Beds. The Indians coming a fecond time to Vite the e Enlif brought shieitn Plumes of Feathers, — ee — . i — —- - ee ~y ‘he Kng bafladors to Drake, toinform him that he was on the Way comingto feehim,; ally which the Agents related at large, and defir’d fome Prefents, as a teftimony that their-King fhould be welcome ; which he being affur’d of, came witha Retinue of above twelve thoufand Men, before whom walk’d one of a Gygantick fize, carry- ing a coftly Scepter, on which, by three long Chains made-of Bones, hung a great and a {mall Crown made of Feathers; next follow’d the King himfelf in a Sute of Cony-Skins ; then came a gteat confus’d company of People, each of them . cartying a Prefent: whereupon Drake putting his Men into good order, march’d to meet the King ; at which the Mace-bearer made a long Preamble, and when he had done, Danc’dto the Tune of a Song, which he Sung himfelf; then the King and his whole Retinue alfo fell a Singing and Dancing fo long, till being weary the King went to Drake, and humbly defir’d of him, that he would accept of the Realm, affuring him, that all che People fhould be under his Obedience; which faid, he put the fore-mention’d Crown on his Head, and hanging three double Chains about his Neck, call’d him Hioh: whereupon Drake took pofleffion of the Countrey in Queen Elizabeths Name. The King ftaying alone with Drake, his Re- tinue went amongft the Englifh, every one looking very earneftly upon them, and to . ’ - 304 | AMERICA. | - Chap-XE> | to thofe whom they lik’d belt, being the youngelt, they falling down and’crying, proffer’d Offerings, as to Gods, and held their Cheeks to draw Blood out of them ; which the Englifh refufing, they defifted ; but fhew’d them great Wounds, and de. fir’d fome Plaifters of chem, which they fuppli'd them with. The Englifh going up into the Countrey found the fame well grown with Woods, which abounded with Coneys, whofe Heads differ'd little from the European, but having Feet like Moles, long Tails like Rats, and in their Sides a Bag, wherein when they had fill’d their Bellies they put the remainder. They alfo faw nume- rous Herds of Deer,with whofe Flefh having been courteoufly Encertain’d in feveral Villages, they return’d to the Fleet. Drake, juft before he weighed Anchor, caus’d AMonoment a Pillat to be fet in the Ground with a Silver Plate on the fame, with an In{crip- Drake before tion, mentioning the Day of his Arrival, Name and Arms of Queen Elizabeth, and sities delivering of that Realm to him by the Indians : he alfo nail’d a Sixpence with the Queens Effigies on the Plate, under which he caus’d his own» Name to be— eS ee —_— Northern America. C HUA Ps XT, =e . Terra Nova, or NC ew-found Land, with the Ifland of Ajumption, veg Aving treated at large of allthe feveral Regions and Pro- EAH vinces of the North part of the Continent of America, we come now to thofe Iflands that lie within. the fame De- rees of Northern Latitude with that part of the Conti- nent: The firft is Terre Newve, or Newsfound Land, difco- ver'd together with feveral other Parts upon the Continent before mention’d by Sir Sebaftian Cabott, by the Counte- nance and Charge of King Henry the Seventh of England: Claim thereunto, and Intereft cherein, hath been own’d by the fucceeding Kings of England, as hereafter fhall be more particularly related. Pena — New-found Land ‘is fituiated betwixt the Degtees of forty fix and fifty three of xewsfomd “Northern Latitude, and is divided from the Continent of America by an Arm of the Sea, in like diftance as England is ftom France The Ifland is as large as England in length, greater in breadth, and lies near the Courfe that Ships ufually hold in their Return from the We/t-Indies, and is. near thé mid-way between Ireland and Virginia. hg : Sebel sd We eg Rot » > e. , A\GS) a\ ee) 3 8) 5 ers . we) ee f , : 2/ 2 <, \- 7, 4i ib > Se ; Te . ‘ em “ce Bre med mah ia ‘ u = f ye al : 7 Rs F _u., ‘ ; a = Sari a Sh», Sah xe Mi, ay RM adi, _ = f ye ‘ 2 = a - ei. —. . — = : —— —" —s Aye : a * : a) Sy Uk . Dok cols : J _\# A : Eeeohs :

cP" . a : : . me | ne NS } ‘ cs ery ho $ \ : _" 7 ; Lt 7, -_ . | iS ee p ss a ‘ = ee : & 7 0s Fe (i ge OS See“ | wy, ty ; : + = eid) Pe . 3 . L * ., s=— hy ci — n Se es we { > 9 Pins Les BON Sa - : ae =. = = Sextus = AX ae eee: IS Rerandonny | Soe 4 YS ‘ ' ) a 140d Porias Via 4 ial at, wt e pe 7 ae - —. | ' a 4 _ pe t e. : J ; a ' rey neigh to a > wy VW A Z wy Y ee - . Spill . = ri) ‘ / ; Pa rue : i} % . ~ mes pla 4 - 1 es — ay \ ~ j fn . ah ~ — N ; 7 7 : : 7 = " . . ons yl SSS _ 4 4° - = = ge Be ge, . 3 we iM : e 4 “ J , ; it & a we : ) : » f. A @Q\27% 2 mit) : v wer VRS - Zi \ ‘ a . 5 ‘ ; May hg pty \\ nae te Y Barone eer i pee . : — Ss ‘ i ' i , ee at : ‘ ’ ‘ ’ : ‘ . : a ! 1 ‘ » ' : ’ : i ‘ Bt j ' : _ \ - . : : ep r Lm, i vr | i}. ‘ 7 > e+ : Tt Jy / a ’ ‘ass t rt - , ’ f \ ‘ “a ya ' : (| ‘ ‘ ‘ rE : : a4 : ; , - ; } : ; i 4 : f ; 7 : ~ ts \ q '¢ (a - i = “ye 4 « , ¥ 7 i 7 : : i + y# 4 ie n i ’ « i i. N : > we \ t aes - An : , ; iT . : 4 it NF , J i al rif 1 Mf aon a = ee a — r, ’ > . ee a she 7 ee et - ttyl aoe - _ - _ gS rag et ee —" _ JS > _. ren = - ee : — = : ~ —— Chap. XI. | uA MER IC A. a. 309 whence returning the fame year,he Embarqu’d him(felf again,togethet wich his Lady and all his Family, except his eldeft Son, for Avalon the year following ; at which time (there being then War between England and France) he redeem’d above twenty Sail of Englifh Ships, which had been taken there that year by French Men of War, whereof one Monfieur De la Rade had the chief Command, and fhortly after Sok fix French Fifhing-Ships upon that Coaft, and fent them the fame year, with a great maay French-men Prifoners, into Fincheids Coming thence, he left a Deputy there, and continu’d- the Plantation till his ‘Death, which was in April 1632. After whole Deceafe it defcended of right to his Son and Heir Cecil, now Lord Baltemore, who thereupon fent one Captain Wiliam Hill as his Deputy thither, to take pofleffion thereof, and to manage his Intereft there for him. Captain Hill, according to his Commiflion, fhortly after repair’d thither, and liv’d fome years at the Lord Bal- temore’s Houfe at Ferryland above mention’d. In the thirteenth Year of King Charles the Firft, of England, &c. about the Year of our Lord 1638. Marquefs Hamilton, Earl of Pembroke. Sit David Kirk, and oth under pretence that the Lord Baltemore had deferted that Plantatio sail a Patent of all New-found Land, wherein Avalon was included, and fhortly after dif- poflefs'd the. Lord Baltemore of his Manfion Houfe in Ferryland, and other Rights there, and during the late Rebellion in England kept poffeffion ; but His now Mas jefty King Charles the Second, immediately after his moft happy Reftauration in tha Year 1660, upon the now Lord Baltemore’s Petition, thought fit to refer the whole Matter to be Examin’d by Sir Orlando Bridgeman, then WLord-Chicf-Juftice, now Lord-Keeper of the Great Seal of England, and others, to report the true ftate thereof to His Majefty, together with their Opinions thereupon ® The Referrees accotdingly, upon full hearing of Councilon both fides, certifi'd, That they con- ceiy'd the {aid Patent to Sit George Calvert, to bea good Patent, in force, and nor avoided by the later to Sir David Kirk and others; and that the Title and Intereft to the faid Province did therefore belong to the Lord Baltemore. Whereupon His Majefty, on the twentieth of March in the fame Year, Order’d the Pofleflion thereof to be re-deliver'd to his Lordfhip, which wasaccordingly executed: Since which time his Lordfhip has peaceably enjoy’d the poffeffion thereof, and continues the Plantation to this:day, by deputing Lieutenants there from time to time, for the better Government of that Province, the reft of New-found Land remaining ftill to the aforefaid. Proprietors, claiming by the Patent of 13 (ar. 1. The Commodities thatare.either by Art or Nature produc’d there, are the fame with thofe of the remainder of New :found Land. The Winter there is extream cold, the Summer very hor, but withal pleafant; and during that Seafon there is great plenty of Pafture for Cartel. The Coaft of this Province is very fafe,:- and. as well furnifh’d with variety of bold and pleafant Harbors, as anyother part of New-found Land ; where the Eng- lifh likewife Fifh for Cod, the lefler fore whereof is call’d Poor-Fokn, Which is there caught in great Lgadance; efpecially at Ferryland, and in the Bay of Bulls. Befides thefe two there are divers other excellent Harbors on the Eaftern Shore of Avalon, as. Capling Bay, (ape Broyle, Brittus, Tle of Spears, Barrom Cove, Whitburns Bay, and Pecit Harbour above mention’d. . On the Weft are the hey of Placentia, and feveral other good Harbors, There ate no Indians in Avalon, and bin few Englifh, by reafon of the exceflive _ Cold in Winter; though Sir David Kirk and his Lady, and alfo his Family, liv’d in the Lord Baltemore’s Houle at Ferryland for the {pace of ten years and upwards. The Soil feems to promife great {tore of Mines, which probably may in time be Hh difcover'd. ee -_ - 1 ¥ ee eee ~~ od > _ i= 2-- ~ ne > a a ier - « iat ee we ee | i a nes ) eee ae ee * 5 ES ER ee eyo — : - on SO ee a ella ae ed ET Te gla Ee = = ath ~ = hn a AMERICA Chap. XI. difcover’d. The late Lord Baltemore took accidentally a piece of Oar up that lay there upon the furface of the Earth, and brought it with him into England, which was found upon trial to yield a greater proportion of Silver, than the Oar of Potof in the We/t-Indies, but hitherto no Mine of it hath been difcover’d there. The Trade of Fifhing being of fo great concernment to the Nation of England, the fame (if it be well manag’d in this Ifland of Terra Nova) will employ every year above two hundred Sail of Englifh Ships, and ten thoufand Mariners, befides the great benefit which may accrue unto the Nation by Impofition upon Strangers there, which would amount to feveral thoufands of Pounds per Annum; with which thofe Coafts may be Guarded, and Ships Trading thither fecur’d : befidesthe great Cuftoms by the Ships call’d The Sacks (being commonly in great numbers every year) who carry Fifh from New-found Land into the Straights, France, Portugal, and Spain, and who bring their Returns into Bngland, as Bullion, and all other native Commodities of thofe Countreys. If the Ifland were well fortifi'd, we might Command all thofe of other Nations that’com@sm Fifh in New-found Land, to pay Contribution in Fifh or otherwile, for their Priviledge to Fifh there, the faid Ifland being firft Planted by Englifh, and per- taining tothe Kingdom of England ; or if occafion fhould require, they might be utterly debarr’d of Fifhing there. The Trade of Fifhing is of fo great concernment to France, Spain, Portugal, the . Straights, and other Parts, thatthey cannot well be without that yearly Supply in Fifh which comes from that Ifland: Neither can the Hollanders, Spaniards, or Portuguefe, well fet any Ships to the We/t-Indies, without New-found Land Fifh, there being none that will endure to pafs the Line found and untainted, but the Fifh of that Countrey, falted and dry’d there. And folong asthe A& continues ftill in force, That no Fifh be Tran{ported from the faid Ifland, but in Englifh Bottoms, it will contribute very much to our encreafe of Shipping there, and by confequence, of the employment of Mariners; and the Fifhing of that part of the Ifland will be folely appropriated to the Englifh Nation, to whom of right it belongs, which will prove the greateft Ballance of Trade in that part of the World; and that whereas above two hundred Sail do Trade thither yearly to Fifh, if a thoufand Sail come, if there be but Fifheremen enow, they may all have Fraughtage there. The French, if once the Ifland be fortifi'd, will be depriv’d of their Nurfery of _ Mariners, this being the onely place, befides Canada, and one or two adjacent Coafts, where they come for fupply of Fifh, with which that Nation cannot be furnith’d {o well from other Parts. By well Planting and Fortifying New-found Land, the Trading to Virginia, New England, and thofe Parts, would be much encourag’d, New England having had of late great Traffick with New-found Land, where they vend the Growth of their Plantation. Befides, New-found Land isa Key to the Gulf of (Canada, which if the Englifh had again in their poffeffion, as they had in the Years 1628. and 1632, they might give a Law to all foreign Kings and People interefted in any of the parts of _ America, and a Proteéion to all the Englifh Plantations upon that Continent, wheres by great fecurity, comfort and profit would arife'to the Nation and People of it: whereas on the contrary, if the French, Spanifh, or Dutch, fhould poffefs themfelves of the faid Plantation, they would not onely deprive this Nation of all the Ad- vantages aforefaid, but would alfoderiveto themfelves fo great 2 Power to preju- dice all the Plantations of the Coafts of America belonging to this Nation, ‘that the Inconveniences thereof are {carceto be imagin’d or exprefs’d. | | After oe a es = — . . 2 ; . ; ; P — - = en > ; if : ; * = |} - Cp 2 = z | ee =" & : . . Rip penne "a a oe i : = “a a : . j : Ttt+t+- +i b+ ++ +c ; ; , ‘ galt \ = = , ¥ . +4 P % = 7 7 vy : 5.34: 5- 68 ohh ee SD 5 he deine ss Bragre Smith —— 3) 35 On ks ee - meee ae pT er — nee > =a = : a — — me — x _ _ - : - -- - : - ee ~--—- - - — —— a —s Chap. XII. AMERICA. After the granting of the Patent aforefaid of 13 Car. 1. Sit David Kirk’s great | Pains there, and conitant Endeavours, were beyond expectation blefs'd with a cone tinuance and prefervation of Trade in that Place ; in the carrying on of which, he had always a {pecial regard to the real Advantage of this Kingdom, and the parti- cular Serviceof His Majefty. Before this Iland, right over againft (ape Ray, at the diftance of twenty fotit 7, wonéer: Leagues or more, there lieth an huge Bank or Ridge of Land, extending it felf in #44. length out of the Sea, above a hundred Leagues, but in breadth not above four ot five and twenty, when it is broadeft, and in other parts much lefs, fharpning tos wards each end intoa Conus, or narrow Point. It is accounted one of the Wonders of the Sea, which round about, at fome diftance, is very deep, and hardly to bé founded, efpecially betwixt the Bank (for fo they commonly call it) and Cape Ray, but drawing nearer, it grows by degrees more and more fhallow, infomuch that nigh the Land there is not much more Water than isneceflary for the Ships to Ride , in. It runneth out in length, as was {aid, from North to South, from forty one Degrees of Latitude to fifty two; and round about it there lie {catter’d a multitude - of leffer Iflands, which Sir Seba/tian (abot, when he firft difcover’d the Place, call’d by one common Name Los Baccaloos, or The Iflands of Cod-fifh, from the great quan- The Baccalit tity of that fort of Fith hethere found ; which was fuch, that they hindred the pale fage of his Ships, and lay in fuch multitudes upon the Coafts, that the very Bears would come and catch them in their Claws, and draw them to Land. ait ie the Gulf of St. Laurence, towards the Mouth of the River Canada, is anothér The! Ifle of lefs a Ifland, faid to have been firft difcover’d by Quartier, and by ai him call’ Ifland of Affumption ; by John Alphonfo, The Ifand of Afcenfion ; by the Natives, Natiftcotec : It extends it felf from the forty eigtith to the fiftieth Degree, between the South-Eaft and North-Weft. ) Quartier makes mention of a ftrange kinde of Fifh, found in the River of (anade, like unto a Sea-Hog, but having the Head of a Hare, it is call’d by the Natives Adhothuys.- “Not far from this is a little Ifland, call’d by the French, Ile de Sable, or The Sandy Ifland ; and another on the Welt of Terra Nova, call’d Ile de Bretons, or The Ifland of St. Laurence, befides feveral little {catter’d Iflands in the Gulf of St. Laurence, as Menego, and The Three Iflands of Birds ; in which are found a kind of amphibious Animal, call’d by the French, Cualrus, and by the Ru/fians, Morfh ; fomewhat like a Sea-Calf, but more monftrous. | “eee SR UROERsseee LeeeEGSe ees Sse eeseeese esos CHAP. XII. The Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands, yee the Bermx- on from certain black Hogs, by the Spaniards call’d Bermudas; which from 2 “: Ship bound with them to fome other parts of the Weft-Indies and caft away upon that Coaft, fwam afhore, and there increafed ; or, as others fay, from John Bermudes; a Spaniard, who is faid to have been the firft Difcoverer ; or, as to the fecond, from one George Summers, an Englifh-man; who there fuffer’d fhipwrack) | Hh 2. gre Si pe f ‘ : . af » ‘wa x - ; y : 7 | - : Lf 7 7 : 4 n | . ff 4 *~ : , He Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands (probably fo term’d as to the firft Appellatis Sisutioi of é 312 AMER IC 4. Chap, XII. are ficuated in thirty two Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Northern Latitude, about -fixreen hundred Leagues from England, twelve hundred from Madera; four hundred from Hi/paniola, and three hundred from the neareft Coat. of Virginia, The firfi that endeavour’d to fettle Plantations here was a Spaniard nam’d Hlernandp Camelo, being defign’d Conduéor in this Expedition: And this Undertaking was fo much the more eagerly profecuted, upon confideration that the Plate-Fleet Sailing from Havana through the Straights of Bahama, might here have a conveni. ent Harbour; but thofe who were inyited to become Adventurers, with proffers of great Advantage, fhewing themfelves very flack in the Bufinefs, and Charles the Fifth being at that time intangled in War and other troublefom Affairs, the Defign came to nothing, and for abovefixty years after no farther Attempt was made by any for the Planting of thefe Iflands, till at laft che French made a Voyage thither under Captain Barboriere,but by Shipwrack were fruftrated of their hopes;nor made they any more Preparations in this Defign. In which neverthele{s. the Englifh were not fo eafily difcourag’d ; for firht Captain Gofnol and Smith fer forth, at the Charges of Mr. Edward Wingfield ; next, Captain Nel/on ; then fucceflively Wef, Gates, Argql, and Wyat, but all with little or no fuccefs, till at length in the Year 1612.a Company was eftablith’d in London by the King’s Letters Patents, who fent one Mr. Richard.Moor with fixty Men to the Bermudas, where ke {pent three years in fortifying thofe IMands: but that which puta little ftop to this good beginning, was akindof Misfortune that hapned ; for che Rats which were gotten afhore from a Shipwrack increas’d fo exceedingly, that they devour’d all the Plants in the Field, and the Provifion in the Houfes, infomuch that a great Famine proceeded from thence, all means to deftroy the Vermine being in vain ; till at laft Providence fent a Difeafe amongft them, which kill’d them all in a very {hort time, Mean while Moor went on in the fortification of the Ifland, and was ere long fupply’d with frefh People. Mr. Barlet was fent over with fixty Men, and carried from thence with him eighty Pound of Ambergreece. And foon after three Ships more, viz, the Blefsing, the Star, and the Margaret, conyey’d thither four hundred and ten, Men and Women. As foon as Moor was,call’d away, Damel Tuckard coming from Virginia to fucceed him, beftirr’d himfelf very much, Planting all places full of Trees fetch’d from the WefteIndian Mlands ; as alfo Tobacco, with which he fraighted a Ship to Londun. Moreover, the Countrey was divided into Acres, that every Planter might have an equal fhare, and know his own Lands. Anno 1619. Tuckard was fucceeded by Nathaniel Butler, who. in four Ships brought thither five hundred Men and Woe men, to fupply the firft Plantation, which was much decay’d fince the Rats had devour’d their Provifions, fo that it was little look’d after by the Company in Lon- don : But now they built. a Church and ere&teda Court of Judicature, and all things were order’d conveniently for the publick good. After which many Noble Perfons fet Sail thither in the Magazine Frigat; and the Planters being now fifteen hundred in number, inhabited twenty Leagues of Land in length. Fai bik On the longeft Ifland, call’d St. George, (for the Bermudas confifts of feveral mud. — Jflands, great and {mall) they built Warwick and Dover Forts, with other Fortifica- tions ‘and Towers, which had their Denominations from thole Noble-men and Gentlemen that were Undertakers in this Plantation,as Cavendifh,Paget, Herbert, &c. from the Earl of Devonfhire, the Lord Paget, che Earl of Pembroke, and others. _ Amongft the Havens the eminenteft are, Southampton, the Inlet Farrington, and the Great Sound. ) ro on All thefe Mlands lying together refemblea Half-Moon, and are furrounded with Rocks, which appear at Low-water, and at High lie but fhallow, for it feldom er Ebbs, ar ; - TSS — - : - -— - ees : - -_ ~~ ——— Sr =< - ’ x = - - A —_ — —~* ae - ¢ > > = =, od — “=~s4 — jr a pe a a ef ve w Seer gore =~ == ~ ; Chap. XI]. AMERICA, 313 Ebbs or Flows above five Foot. The Shore, for the moft part Rocky, and hardned by the Sun and Wind, receives no damage by the Waves which continually beat againft the fame. The Ground it felf differs; for in fome places it is fandy or clayie, and in Nw * others partly black, and partly white, or Afh-colour’d Earth; which laft is ac- counted the worft, and the black the beft. Three Foot deep under the Afh-colour’d Earth lie great Slates, and under the black, a white fpungie Stone, like che Pu- mice, in whofe moift Crevifes Trees take root. | The Pits or Wells, though they Ebb and Flow with the Sea, yet produce a wholfom and fweet Water. i The Skie is generally ferene,but when over-caft with Clouds, is fubje& to Lights irre tke | ning and Thunder, yet the Airis of a good temper, being neither exceeding cold, ae nor exceflive hot : for which reafon the European Fruits grow better there than in their natural Soil. Their Harveft is twice a year ; for that which they Sowe in March, is ripe and gather’d in June; then what they Soweagain in Angu/t, they gather in January. 4 Thefe Iflands breed no hurtful Creatures, nay, the yellow Spider which fpins f/70Con of the Coui- filken Cobwebs, is free from Poyfon. trey, The Plant Nuchtly, which bears fpeckled Pears, grows betwixt the Rocks which are drench’d with Sea-water. Ca The Hogs which above a hundred and fifty years fince {wam afhore out of the Spanifh Wrack, are exceedingly increas’d there, but becaufe of their poornefs are {carce eatable, they feeding onely on the {weet Berries which fall from the Palmitoe Trees. About the white and red Mulberries, which grow plentifully there, breed thoufands of Silk-worms, which fpin Silk according to the colour of the Mul- berries. The Sea produces fome quantity of Pearls and Ambergreece. From the beginning of the year till May, the Whales are {een to fwim not far from theShore. — | A ftrange fort of Sea-Fowl breed in Holes like Rabbets ; and amongft other Birds, here arealfo ftore of Cranes. The Tobacco which the Englifh have planted here grows very well. | ‘Here are likewife great Tortoifes, which Lay their Eggs in the Sand on the Labia Shore, where they are’Hatch’d by the Beams of the Sun, andare taken after this ". — manner: Inthe Night fome are fet to watch where they Land, and whileft they are digging a deep Hole in the Ground, are thrown on their Backs, and not being ableto get upon their Legs again, they lie and groan very pitifully : fome of them having above two Bafons full of Eggs in their Bellies ; which being about the big- nefs of a Tennis-Ball, have a thin Shell, which inclofetha Yolkand White. If thefe Eggs lie buried fix years, then the young Tortoifes breaking the Shell, come out of the Sand, and inftantly creep intothe Sea. Their Flefh is not onely wholfom but toothfom. The Oy! made of them isnot inferior to Butter. Moreover, the Bermudas produce Cedars,the like of which ate not to be found in Caiitsof a the whole World : The Leaves are douny and prickly at the ends,almoft like thofe of the Juniper ‘T'ree : The Wood hath a {weet {mell,and the Berries, which are like the Myrtle, of a pale Red, inclofe four white Kernels ; the outermoft Skin where- of is {weet ; the innermoft, which covers the Kernel, fharp, and the Pulp tartifh : The Trees are always flourifhing, being at the fame time full of Bloflonis, green, and ripe Fruit: The Berries, when grown ripe, begin to gape, and fall off in rainy h Weather, AMERICA. Chap. XIII. Weather, leaving a round Stalk on the Boughs, which lofes not_ its Rind till two years after ; half which time the Berry requires, before it attains to its perfect ripe. nefs, which generally happens in the Winter : The Boughs fhoot ftraight upwards, and become in time fo heavy, that they caufe the Body of the Tree to bend. This moft excellent Wood grows in divers places of the Bermudas. We fhall conclude with the refolute Exploit of five Seaemen, Anno 1616, who, to the great admiration of all People, fet Sail from thence in an open Veflel of three Tun through the main Ocean, and after having f{uffer’d. terrible Tempefts, arriv’d in the {pace of feyen Weeks fafe in Ireland, . iis ae Thefe Iflands are remarkable for divers forts of Plants, unknown in other Parts, as the Prickle Pear, Poy/on Weed, Red Weed, Purging Bean, Coftive Tree, Red Pepper, and the Sea Feather, Alfo feveral ftrange Birds, as the Egg Bird, Cabow, Tropick Bird, and the Pemlico, which prefageth Storms. Rig | any CRARL ALLELE ELA RLY RELY IEEE Ee Ge aes ee) oe. ae ‘Hifpaniola. He Iflands call’d De Barlovento, by which are underftood Hifpaniola, Cuba, Jamaica, and Boriquen, as alfo the Lucaies,with the Caribes, and laftly the Ifles call’d De Sotayento, viz. Margareta, Cabagua, and Tabago, are by fome com- prehended all under the general Name of The Ifles Antilles ; though others reckon the Antilles to be the fame with the Caribes onely. But leaving this Controverfie undecided, we fhall begin with the Ifles De Barlovento; the chief whereof is Hi- Jpaniola. meant sn _. Hifpaniola, or Little Spain (as Columbus nam‘d it) is, though not the largeft, yet the of Bifpeniola Faireft and goodlieft of all the American Iflands, call’d by the Natives anciently Hiayti and Quifqueia : It lieth about fifteen Leagues Weltward of Porto Rico, and diftant from the main Land of America about one hnndred and twenty; “tis of a tri- angular form,the fharpeft Point whereof is that towards Porto Rico, which they call Cabo de Enganno: that towards the Weft inclines to.a Semi-circle, containing a good and convenient Bay betwixt the two Points, viz- St. Nicholas to the North, and Cabo de Donna Maria towards the South. It is not. thought to be lefs than a hundred and fifty Leagues in length, and in breadth fromthreefcore to thirty, and to contain in the compafs of the whole, four hundred Leagues at leaft, lying be twixt cighteen and twenty Degrees of Northern Latitude, having an Air fomewhat . infefted with the Morning Heats,but well cool’d again in the Afternoon, by a con- ftant Wind from the Sea, which they call there Vira/on. Ivis, for the fertility of the Soil, one of the richeft’'and moft flourifhing Countreys in the World ; the Trees and all things elfe there continually clad, ‘as it were, in their Summer Livery, the Meadows and Paftures always green, and. of fuch anexcellent Herbage, that Cartel both breed and thrive there beyond belief; both great-Cattel and {mall,. as Kine, Sheep, Hogs, ec. brought thither out of Spain, having multiply’d to fuch numbers, that they live wild now in Herds in feveral places, and are both hunted and kill’d, like Stags or other Venifon, onely for their Hides, which they fend yearly into Spain and other parts of Europe, as a great Merchandize and Commodity of huge profit to them. i TI, gst i ER, I ———> | ‘ 4 - + 7 7 : . > } - a »! > | @4 » : ; ‘ - . 7 + | / ° J : Ve Ta ef ' J. >) ; ‘ ' | f i ' i ! og (* : ‘ ' “1 - 1. i} 4 iid ‘a > Re a . 1 ie a we » i? oe 6 \. Rat - , : ' | 7 « | Di q ie I br, oR : : - uy ied 1 ‘} ae . ‘ ,= v m Pr ‘ ‘ Tt hi 3 # - ' ; : ea ' J f ‘ iff rT 7 oe 4} a” | - ti fh) > 4 a Pha. VPs i ee ‘ ® oR, a Yue iy u 4 : 7 i - : B 4) } 7 £ : i , ’ ; ‘Th : ‘ : t if j \ : : ry i ‘The Chap. XII. AMERK IC A. 315 Wild Hogs alfo have been formerly feen to feed in the Woods in great multi. tudes, but the Dogs fince they were brought over hither, have made great hayock amongft them. © The Animals peculiar to this [land are 1, A little Beaft call’d Hutias, not much Bets pew unlike our Coneys. 2. (hemi, almoft of the fame form, but alittle bigger. 3. Mobui, **™ A Beaft fomewhat lefs than the Hutias. 4. A Beaft call’d Coxi. Likewife amongft other ftrange forts of Creatures here, the: Cuyero is very obfer- TheFly éxy: vable, being about an Inch big, and having four Wings, of which two are larger — than the other : when they flie they fhine after fuch a manner, that in, the Night they make a Room as light as day, infomuch that fome have made ufe of them in ftead of Candles to Read by. | No lefs wonderful is the Fith Manate, whofe fhape hath been defcrib’d elfe- lay Syne where : It breeds forthe moft part in the Sea, yet fometimes {wimming up the Rivers, comes afhore and eats Grafs. The Cafique Caramatexi kept one inthe Lake Guaynato, which was fo tame, that when call’d by the Name Maton, it us’d to come out of the Water,and go direétly to the Cafique’s Houfe,where being fed, it return’d to the Lake, accompanied with Men and Boys, who with their Singing {eem’dto delight the Fifh, which fometimes carried ten Children on its Back over the Water ; but at laft.a Spaniard fttiking at it with a Pike, it would never come forth again when it efpy’d a Cloth’d Man: Icliv’d twenty fix yearsiin the fore-mention’d Lake, till by accident the River Hlayboaic over-flowing into the faid Lake, the Fith return’d to the Sea. i ly : Befides this great Fifh, here is alfo a fort of {mall Fith, call’d Abacatuaia, with a teckel little Mouth, black Ey.es encompa(s’d with Silyer-colout’d Circles, four black Fins, two longones under its Belly, one on the Back,and one on each fide of the Head, the Tail flit and cover’d with a glittering Skin : It is as big as a Flounder, and not ill Meat, but thick and’round. ifsio:E.. | _ When the Spaniards firft fetled on Hifpaniola, they. were exceedingly ‘tormented eae with a fort of leaping Infedts call’d Nigua, whichus’d tocat through their Skit into = the oo a — —. > nae a - = = — * t : 4 ’ id iv : - ’ ‘ » ( . - 4 7 | - 4 s : : : - i & Z ‘ : | i ' ta : %) : : ; Nomi ie} } ( 4 ‘ : - 1 - f : : : : ; ' a i | ‘ ry 1 i fee ; . i ° . a 4 ¢ - 24 ; ema | fl + fay : ." *' : ; : ‘a ’ we 9 ty wh 1 ' : rh Mw a & - - - : an \ ' , ‘ y + a Dm | - * i 7 | ' H 4 « ‘ : ib ay § f 1 ab eh aa) s | \ M : 148. y t wy ‘ * 4 7 4 A ‘7 f \ : . ¥ - - — _ — a - ee ee +e ~ > ah = a - o - 316 eA MERIC A. Chap. XII, the Fleth in fuch a nature, that many of them loft their Arms and Legs ; butat laft they found out a Remedy againft this Evil, wiz, the fearing the Wounds with hor Irons. pa " Befides the aforefaid plenty of Flefh, they have many excellent Fruits all the . year long, as Banana’s, PinesApples, Cuftud-Apples, Plantens, Papans, Musk. melons, Water-melons, and many other peculiar Plants, as 1. the Auguba, a fair large Tree, the Fruit whereof is call’d Pinnas, refembling a Malecotoon: Of this Tree there are three forts, Jaima, Boniama, and Jaiqua; 2. Quauconex; 3. Axi; of which there are alfo feveral forts, as Carive, Huarabuac, Axiblanco, Acafran-Axi, and Axi-Coral ; 4. Yuca, the Root of which ferves in ftead of Corn ; 5. Certain Trees call’d Guaibes, befides plenty of Mint and Potato’s. The Provine ~The Ifland of Hifpaniola was formerly divided into feveral Provinces, amongft ‘find. which the Mountainous Countrey Ahyguey lies towards the Ifle of Porto Rico. On the Mountains, which are flat on the top, are great variety of fharp-pointed Stones, The Soil is a fort of colour’d Earth, which produces all forts of Fruit, efpecially the Root Cafabi, and Melons, clan on _ Fiyguey alfo conterminates with Yeayagua ; Northward lies Samana ; Southward, Yaquimo, where there is ftore of Brafile Wood : And between the:City Domingo and Yaquimo, is the Countrey Baoruco, which with its Mountains extends fixty Leagues in length, and above twenty in breadth, without any Water, Pafture, or Food for Cattel or Mankind. | ". 7 Next follows the Countrey Xaragua, lying at the great Inlet which divides Hi- Jpaniola , for one fide extends to the Promontory of St. Nicholas, and the other to the Point Tiburon. This Countrey produces abundance of Cotton. Laftly, the Provinces Guahaba, Haniguagya and Cabay, are very eminent ; as alfo Cibao, which is full of Gold-Mines ; and Lavega Real, with Magnana, which lie bee tween the two great Rivers Neyba and Yagui ; the ftony Countrey Ciguayos, and the low Coaft Darica, where Chri/topher Columbus built the City Navidad, which he after. wards deferted. i Ginger was formerly brought hither from the Ea/t-Indies, but now grows here in fuch great abundance, that above two and twenty thoufand Kintalls are yearly Tran{ported from thence to Spain. With as good fuccefs grow here alfo the Sugar-Canes and Maiz. Peter Martyr, a Councellor to the Emperor (harles the Fifth, relates, That Hli/pae niola produc’d in his time, befides Silver, Copper, and Iron, five hundred thou- fand Ducats in Gold: Neverthelefs the rich Mines lay undifturb’d, becaufe they wanted People to work in them, infomuch that had they not planted their Royal Seat in Domingo, the Ifland had long fince been deferted, notwithftanding the ex. ceeding fruitfulnefs of the Soil, becaufe the Spaniards exercis’d their Cruelty in fuch a nature, that of fixty thoufand Inhabitants from the Year 1508. to Ammo 1514. fcarce fourteen thoufand of them were left alive ; all which is affirm’d bythe Bifhop De las Cafas. Nay, the fore-mention’d Peter Martyr relates, That the Men wearied with working in the Mines, kill’d themfelves, defpairing of ever being re- leas’d from their Slavery ; and Women with Child deftroy’d the Infants in cheir Wombs, that they might not bear Slaves for the Spaniards. He adds hereuns to, That of a hundred and twenty thoufand Perfons, few were left in a fhore 7 The Gaiety Thefe Provinces in former times had each of them their Cafique, whofe fplendor sefemt — confifted chiefly in Dancing to his Devotion, with a Girdle full of Bells about his Middle, a String of Pearls about his Arms, a Covering over his Priyities, anda Plume Chap. XU. - AMERICA. sah : ee — RE. 5) Ge ee to ee im, : ‘ vem i re WOME Oi it 5 Seti = —< + woes a te ee eee — Plume of Feathers on his Head, with 2 Drummer before him, anda {mall Train of Arm’d Men after him. | 7 : mingo. : | Eighteen Leagues farther is the Port Ocoa, which is a Bay where the Fleets of Nova Hipania take refrething, when they do not Anchor in the Nook of: Sepe/ epin, which is near unto it, of in another call’d The Fair Haven, two Leagues before you come to Ocoa. | Twenty Leagues beyond Ocoa isthe Port of Afua. . . Thirty Leagues more Weftwardly is a large Point right againft the Ifland of Bola, which lieth five Leagues fromthe Coaft. » The moft Wefterly Point is call’d Cape Tiburon: It hath an Ifland three Leagues from it Weftward, call’d Caprio ; and Sailing along the Coaft, you will fee an Ifland call’d Camito; and farther in the Nook of Yaguana another call’d Gyanabo of eight Leagues long. On the North fide of the Ifland, the moft Wefterly Cape and Port is St. Nicholas, from whence North-Eaft and by Eaft, lieth the [land of Tortuga, near the Coaft of Hifpaniola : It is of five Leagues length. | Farther along the Coaft is Monte Chrifto, the Weft Cape of Natividad ; to the Eatt of which there isa great Bay call’d Port Real. , This Ifland is fo full of Harbours, that he that will Coaft it, cannot well mifs ef one where he pleafeth, moft of which afford'frefh Meat and good Water. Moreover, Hi/paniola hath many brave Rivers, the chiefeft-of which are Hayna ; Nizao, along whofe Shore the firft Sugar-Canes were planted . Neybs, a great Ri- 217 On the Coaft are firft the Point of Nifao, ten Leagues to the Welt of Santo Do- Peas and ver ; Yaquimo ; Yaqui, which Columbus call’d Rio de Oro, becaufe the Ground thereof | glitter’d like Gold, and laftly, the Rivers Nicayagua, amongft whofe Sands is’ Gold ; Nigua, which borrows its Denomination from the fore-mention’d leaping Infe& ; the fwift Stream Juno, whofe Barks are crown’d with handfom Houfes ; and jaguin, which hath many Salt-pans. The 318 aAMERICA. Chap. XII. The Rivers Itabo, Ocoa, Cepi, Bia, Cazui, Sanate de Plata, and Chiabon, have fome one, others more SugareMills upon them. er ee But the chiefeft River is Oxama, broad, and fo deep, that the biggeft Veflel may lie clofe by the Shore ; and alfo wafhes $+. Domingo. Dariprion "This City, the Metropolis of all the Ifles round about, was built by Bartholomens 5. Deminge. Columbus, and was peopled Anno 1494. after which it flourifh’d eight years, when 3 a terrible Storm blowing the fame down to the Ground, Nicholas Olanda remoy’d it tothe Weftern Shore of Ozama, that the Spaniards, who had for the moft part fer- led towards the Weft, might not be neceffitated to Ferry over: but the firft place ftood much more conveniently, being not onely provided of a Fountain of {weet Water, butalfo freed of thofe unwholfom Vapours which daily’ rife with the Sun at this new-built City. To prevent the inconvenience of croffing to the fore. mention’d Fountain, of which the Inhabitants. found themfelves oftentimes in great want, Olanda went about to lead the neighboring River Hayna into the Ozama, but the Defign not being profecuted, bereav’d Domingo of the onely thing which would have made it able to ftand in competition with any City in the World ; for it lies ona Plain, the South fide whereof is wafh’d by the Sea , the Eaft fide, by the River ; on the North and Weft are many delightful Fields. The City, which ina manner is built fquare, is divided into long ftraight Streets, full of fair Houfes after the Spanifh manner: in the middle thereof is a {quare Market-place, with a handfom Church, the Yard whereof is encompa({s'd with a high Wall, which upon occafion would ferve for a place of great Defence. The Collectors of the King of Spain's Revenue dwell in ftately Palaces; and the Dominicans, Francifcans, and Monks De la Merced, have brave Cloyfters, befides two more for the Nuns. ; The Latine School and Hofpical belonging to the City, are Endow’d with great yearly Revenues. i | The Atch-bifhop of St. Domingo hath Command over the Bifhoprick of Concep- tion, La Vega, Cuba, Venezuela, and Porto Rico. The City is furrounded witha Stone Wall, and fortifi’d with a Caftle, which ‘with two Bulwarks reaches to the River Ozama, and within them two Half- Moons. . ary | On the utmoft Shore ftands a round Tower near the Southern Bulwark. Before the new difcover’d Countreys entic’d away many People from St. Do- mingo, and the Silver Fleet put into Havana, the Inhabitants drove a great Trade in Hides, Tallow, Sugar, Ca/sia, Horfes, and Hogs. 7 | Anno 1586. Sir Francis Drake Landed here with twelve hundred Englifhemen, took the City by Storm, ftaid a whole Moneth in the fame, and upon Compofition with the Spaniard, left it undeftroy’d. | | | pines sticf Other chief Towns in Hispaniola are 1. Salvaleon, twenty eight Leagues diftant Hifpariols. from St. Domingo, towards the Eaft. 2. Zeybo. 3. Cotny, formerly inhabited by thofe that work’d in the Gold- Mines ; the laft efpecially was once a rich Town, and much frequented, but now in a manner deferted. 4. Azua, or New Compoftella, eight Leagues diftant from St. Domingo, famous for the Sugar-Mills not far from it, and one of the Ports before-mention’d. §+ Yaguana, for its brave Harbour alfo call’d Maria del Puerto, in the more We= 'ftern parts of the Ifland ; a {mall Town not above a League diftant from the Sea; It was burnt by Captain Chriftopher Newport. — a al — " ~~ ~ = ‘ ¥ : eee + - ~= ~ -- ~ - S 7 “a aS n - = -# a fi ; | . ee 8 A ee —_— ee ad ne “ a ' * a - , ' > . “ i 6. Con- MENGO IN HISPANIOLA- == ened A et kk oe ~ = 3 ¥, tow eae a,b. ~~" e ai 7 7. areee f guru os + werw t " 4 7 ra a ny ey i =. 2 . r § sruercl vuarw Jor 0 EF — A; y ~ PY were Vi wi : u KS ; : =~ * ~ ~ ; ; mp: 9 — ae | — - Ler We mg aoa “-=—- r o . - Muvuulien? a. it ereenenareues We uhirot TITUUR ei VTE | ee IL rr E ohiee uk x, Bink i at - . <= A oe, ww ‘ef Te Li ine, rfl =ee =—- +, e Chap. XIII. A MER_IC A. 319 6. Conception de la Vega, adorn’d with a Cathedral and Cloyfters of Fryers, and lying twenty or thirty Leagues Northward of St.Domingo: It was built by Columbus, and from thence he had his Title of Duke de la Vega. 7+ Sant Jago de los Cayalleros, a very pleafant Place, ten Leagues Northward of St. Domingo. 8. Puerto de Plata, or The Silver Haven, four Leagues diftant from St. Domingo to- wards the North: It hath been counted the fecond Place of Trading and Wealth in the whole Ifland, being commodioufly feated on an Arm of the Sea, and forti- fi'd with a Caftle. 9. Monte Chrifto, one of the Ports alfo above-mention’d : It lies fourteen Leagues Weftward of Plata, and extends it felf along the Northern Coaft : it is wafh’d by the River Yagui, on whofe Banks are many Salt-pans. All thofe Cities are much decay’d, and thinly inhabited, the Spaniards being moft fe Beney of them drawn by the temptation of new difcover’d Gold and Silver Mines in vars he other places, and the firft Inhabitants having been miferably deftroy’d. The Bi- 4 fhop De las Cafas, an Eye-witnefs, relates, That the King Gauccanarillo fecur’d the Goods of a ftranded Ship,of which Columbus was Commander, and receiv’d the Spas niards very courteoufly ; but not being able to continue fupplying them with that quantity of Gold they requir’d, wanting Men to gather fo much out of the Streams and Mines, and feeing no way to rid himfelf from the Spaniards Oppreflions, fled tothe Province of Ciguayos, the Cafique of which was his Deputy ; -whereat the Spas niards were fo enrag’d, that they burnt all that they could meet with, neither {pa- ring young nor old; and at length taking Guaccanarillo, put him in Trons, and keevresnge thought to.have carried him to Madrid ;. but the Ship in which fe went fuffering mesrtenite Shipwrack, he with many others was caft away, being before almoft dead with = grief for his Confort, who had been Ravifh’d by a Spanifo Commander. Likewife Anacoana, Sifter to the Cafique, or Governor of the Province Xarana, and Partner with him in the Government, {eeing three hundred of her Councellors burning in a great Houfe, fet on fire by the Spaniards, and her Subjeéts torn by Dogs, or cutin pieces, hung her felf out of defpair. The fame Death died Higuanama, Queen of Huguey. Others fay that Anacoana was put to death together with her Brother-in a moft barbarous and cruel manner, by Nicholas de Olanda, who fucceeded Diego de Arana in the Government of this Ifland. Many Women and Children were kept alive onely to Manure the Ground. The Men dying of their hard Labour in the Gold-Mines, and thofe which endur’d ftoutly the cruel Labour under Ground, were never fuffer’d to go to their Wives ; from whence proceeded'a great decreafe of People, the Spaniards feeming purpofely to defign the deftruction of the Na- tives of Hi/paniola, thoughthey receiv’d great benefit by their Service, for Gold in - eiuge former times was found between the Cracks and fplit Stones of the Mountains, si whofe Veins the Mine-workers digg’d for not without great and dangerous La- bour. | The firft Planters of Hifpaniola are, according to the common opinion, deriv’d gi:m cisinal from Matinio, a high and Mountainous Ifle, from whence the moft eminent Inhabi- ole of Eifpas tants were driven by certain Rebels, as formerly the Syrians under the Government “”™”: of Dido, were driven from Tyre to Lybia, and the Batavians from Heffen to the Couns trey between Rhyne and Wall, at prefent inhabited by the Gelders and Hollanders. Thefle Matininoenfians thus expell’d from their native Countrey, fetled themfelves on _ Cabonao, near the River Bababoni : The firt Houle they call’d Camoteia, and afters wards turn’d it into a Temple, towhich they fhew’d Reverence, and made great Prefents: In like manner the Tyems,which ftood ona high Reck belonging to rag of - —— Ce re ee ee ai ET ee ~ ~ sills ~ ~ = “ — — a: >. ~< a —_— a — > — - —— = . . - . — ee > a = ~ a — —- eg) Pe 3 hom Seal ee ion 4 n = —— a = » — - - ee ~ is <7 * =~ gE, C 320 AMER TC =, Chap. XIII. of the Canary Iflands, was by the antient Inhabitants of the Place had in great vene. sation, infomuch that many leap’d down'from the fame, being perf{waded by the Priefts, That the Souls of thofe which threw themfelves off this facred Break-neck, fhould immediately be tranflated into a place of everlafting happinefs. The we TAG Ifland was, as we faid before, firft call’d Haity, which fignifies Wild, be. Ifland. caufe in many places it {wells with wondrous high Mountains; and in other places is over-grown with great Woods: it was. afterwards by the antient Inhabitants nam’d Xu/queia, that is, Unmealurably great, becaufe they fuppos’d itto be the whole World, and that the Sun fhin’d in no other place. . Indian Songs The Natives of this Ifland, though wholly rude of acquit'd Knowledge or Lite- calldarevee. sature, likethe generality of the Americans, yet they took care to inftrué their Chile dren in the Original and Antiquities of their Countrey, and the Wars and Exploits of their Predeceflors, both which they contain’d in Songs call’d Arcitos, which they us'd to Sing to the found of Drums and Trumpets ; .but efpecially theit Pérfons of chiefeft Quality ftudy’d moft-thefe Areitos; dnd:exercis’d themfelves in Dancing. ateor ae he moft remarkable of thele antiént -Areitos, ‘were fuch as pretended to’ pros Spniards hefie of things to:comey which if of-fad confequence, were Sung very mournfully ; and with many-Sighs ; nor,were they always, however infpir'd, without effect, as appear'd at laft by woful event : for long before thé Spaniards Landed on Fi pani- ola, it was foretold by one of them, that Magudcochios, fignifying Clothed People, fhould Land on Hii/paniola, who with fharp'Weapons:fhould cut off Heads and Arms, and under whofe infupportable Yoke their Succeffors muft fpend their days without hope of ever being releas’d. 2n : It might be difputed whether thefe Preditions were di@ated by good of evil Spirits.; but itis generally believ’d; that all their Oracles, whether hapning true or falle, were fuggefted by diabolical Spirits to the Priefts, who commonly convers’d withthem,; and chat thefe Spirits knew the Defign of feveral People to difcover ; new, Countreys.- me Knagee Their Images, Zemes, ftuff'd full of Cotton, were fafhion’d into very frightful fens. “Shapes, and. might pafs for thofe things which we call Terricula, ‘or Bugbears ; of which fome were made very {mall; and thofe they ty’d on their Foreheads when they..went.tothe Wars.. Every Governor hada peculiar Zemes, to whom he fhew’d Reverence, in return whereof -he expeéted Rain, fair Weather, and to conquer his Enemies, {uppofing him'to be a Meffenger of a perpetual and endlefs Being, by them call’d Jocauna Guamdonocon, whom neverthelefs they fuppos’d to have a Mo- ther, to whom they gave five Names, viz. Attbéir, Mamona, Guacarapita, Liella, and Guimazod. is ots , Opinion of | Lheit opinion of Mah’s Creation was thus : They fay, that out from a Moun- the Creation: tain in the Province Cuanava, out of certain fmalland great Caverns therein, came - dittle and great People; The biggeft Hole, call’d Cazibaragua, and the little one, nam’d Amaiauna, were {aid to be lock’d up every Night, that none might pafs the _., Sentinel Machchael, who out of curiofity leaving the Mountain Caata, and going up into the Countrey, was difcover’d by the Sun, whofe Beams he not being able to endure, was turn’d intoa Rock. The like Mifchance hapned to many others, who inthe dark Night going to Fifh, in the Morning attheir Return were chang’d in- to.Oaken Trees, onely one of the Fifhermen was fent away by the chief Comman- der Vaguoniana, who moved atthe Complaintof a'Nightingale’s Singing, fuffer’d all the Men to:go. into the,Hole, and the Women and Children ‘he Tianfpotted to Matinmo, Butto make. flort of thefe non-fenfical Stories, in conclufion; the Men being let out of their Caves, faw many ftrange Beafts zmonght the Woods, which being .' Chap. XIII. MUM MER ICA. 321 being turn’d into Women, were éntertain’d by them, and bfought forth. anume- rous Progehy, which {pread over all Aispaniola. sci) | Aaid No lefsridiculous an Account do the. Priefts give concerning thé Original, of rei foot the Sea, viz» That faia, a mighty Man, buried the Bodyvof his deceafed Son sin a a Pumpion,which fome Moneths after, out of meer affection tothe Deceafed, he cute ting open, abundance of Whales fprung out of it. This Wonder being every where known, amongft others, entic’d four Brothers born at one Birth (whole Mother died in Childbed) to get the Pumpion into their poffeffion;) which ‘their Defign prov’d {uccefsful + but'afterwards ftruck with a pannick fear of Jaia’s coming this thither (who oftentimes came to mourn over the Bones of his dead Son) they fled, and threw away the Pumpion, which breaking with the fall, the Sea gufh’d out. of all places thereof, and cover’d’'the Plains in {uch a mariner, that hothing of them was feen, onely the tops of the higheft Mountains appetar’d ;\ at! which the four Brothers terribly afrighted, rang’d through barren Defares, in which they had died of Hunger, had they not come-to a Baker’s Houle, which one of them entring; ask’d for. (azabi; but the Baker denying them Bread, fj pitomthem, which, caus’d a mortal Dropfie, which the Brothers upon. confiltatiqn| found no way to cure; but by cutting a hole in the Skin -with|a fharp Stone, and to let our the Water’, but out-of cach running Wound fprung a Woman, who bare them four »Sons and four Daughters.) b'Shil ei. solr | ., There.is'a certain Caye call’d Jovana-beina, which is adorn’d with a thoufand obey Pictures, ih great efteem amongft them, atthe Entrance on each fide whereof &ina. ftands a Zemes ; that onthe right fide is call’d Binthaitelles, the other Marobur, to which they come from all places to pay their Devotions, becaiife (they fay) the Sun and Moon came out of the {aid Cave to lighten the) World. | Much after the fame abfurd rate is theit Opinion of the Deceafed; for they fu p- Genie pofe that they range through Woods.and Forrefts in’ the Night, eat of a Fruit call’d t Psceated Guannaba, and fteal'to the Embraces of Women in Moon-thiny Nights. A Tras veller, fay they, if he be frighted at the appearance of a deceafed Perfon, great ins conveniences will certainly attend him, but if he goes ftoutly towardsit, then the Goblin vanifhes. |. + ote | | vas Thefe Delufions are made great Myfteries amongft-them, and contain’d in Songs, which their Priefts Boiti Sing to a kind of Tabor made of a piece of hollow Wood, pretending that they have familiar Converfation with the Zemes concern- ing future things, ain Their Ceremonies about their fick, efpecially if Perfons of Quality, ate likes ee as, wife very temarkably odd and conceited : Firft they chewaa ftrong kind of Herb, tisk. call’d (ohobba, with which having fufficiently intoxicated their Brains, they foam at the Mouth, and run with a Storie and a piece of Flefhein their Mouths to: the fick Perfon, whofe Family they drive all out of Doors, except one or two, whole’ pres fence the Patient requires ; then the Boiti walks four times about the fick Perfon’s Bed, making ftrange Geftures, pinching his Lips aid Nofe; blowing upon his Forehead, Throat and Temples, and fucking feveral parts of his Body, alledging, that thereby he draws the Diftemper out of the Veins ; after: that! he chafes'and rubs his Shoulders, Thighs and Legs, and ties his Hands and Feer: together, then running to the Door, proclaims, That the Sick in a fhort time fhall be reftor’d to his former Health ; which faid, he returns with his Arms ftretch’d out towards: the fick Perfon, ‘takes the piece of Flefh out of his Mouth, which he gives him backwards, faying, You fhall rife and.go forth in Health, for I bavetaken away your Sickness But if he judges the Diftemper nor curable, he makes the Sick believe, that Zemes is {0s difpleas’d *« - 1 322 AMERICA. Chap. XIII. - difpleas’d with him, becaufe he did not build a Houfe for him, or confecrate a Gardento him, or in fome refpeét or other did not worfhip him as he ought to have done. When the Soul departs out of the Body, they conjure the Body with many Adjurations, to reveal whether it died according to God's dectec, or through negleét of the Boiti, as not having fanctifi'd himfelf enough by Fafting when he went firft to the Sick, or not prefcrib’d fufficient Medicines: wheréfore if (as they fay) the Devil anfwers them from the Mouth of the Deceafed, that the Boiti did not perform his dye Office, then the neareft Friends revenge themfelves on the Boiti, but if otherwife, then they are highly efteem’d amongft them. The Women ta- king the Stones which the Boiti kept in his Mouth, wrapthem up ina fine ‘Cloth asa holy Relique, fuppofing that they will much facilitate their Childbirth. La Their ma The Cafiques defirous to’ know future Events of War, or whether the approach- ner of Con- fuling with ing Years will be fruitful, go into a Chappel confecrated to the Zemes, and {nuff the intoxicating Herb Cohobba up their Noftrils ; whereupon they break’ out into loud Exclamations, and fome kind of ftrange extravagant Actions,till the power of the Cohobba begins to decay, and the Frenzieceafe ; then coming again to their Sen- fes, they bow their Heads, and lay their Elbows on their Knees, in which pofture they fit for a confiderable time, then lifting up their Eyes they yawn as if they they came from fleep ; then they mutter tothemfelves whileft their Retinue which ftand about them (for no common Perfon is fuffer’d to be there) thankthem with a loud Voice, for the pains they have been at in difcourfing with the Zemes ; chen the Cafiques begin to declare what hath been reveal’d to them): Viz, whether they fhall be fortunate in the Warsor not ; whether it will be afruitful. or un fruicful, healthy or fickly Year. 7 fi roe se Dae Geflipping- Moreover, at the Birth of the Cafique’s Children,the neighboring Governors vifit the Women in Child-bed, ‘and everyone gives the Child's peculiar Name; from whence it happens that one Mam hath oftentimes forty Names, and is highly im cens‘d if any one of themchances tobe forgot in any Writing direfted to him. Manes of \ Their mannet of Succeffion in Government is not unremarkable; for not the eldeft Heiremale of the Family, but firft the King or Cafique’s Brother, if he have any, and after his Deceafe the eldeft of the Sifters Inherits the Realm of Seigniorie: if the Sifters have no Male-iflue, then the Brothers Sons Inherit; and-in cafe they have no Male-heir, then the next of Blood, whether Male or Female ‘but if ‘the Prince or Cafigue dies without Children, Nephews, or other near Relations, thenext in Power in the Countrey Inherits, and Marries as many Wives as he pleafes ; of which fhe that he loves beft is burn’d alive inher beft Apparel with her Husband when he dies, and near the Corps ftands a Cup of Water and fome ofthe Bread (azabi. BEA ; Languages, "There are feveral Languages in Aii/paniola, but differing from eachother + for in the Province Bainoa they have a different,both Pronunciation and Dialect from that in Caizima. - | singe E npt In the faid Province of Caizimu is a very remarkable Rock, or vaft Stone to be feen, at the Foot of a high Mountain ; and underrreath the faid Stone. isa great Cave, into which they go through a large Paflage; not unlike a Temple Door; | near which conjoyn many deep Rivers, with fuch a Noife.and Foam, that they lofe both their Sight and Hearing, whoeVer approach the fame. is pov) : 7 — = - a - _ -_-_e_—— a . ew + - ° : bind of 4 - . —_— < - ‘ —— - ~ ." - - ao a oe ’ ~~ ne = — =4 = ~ . —— ae Sl a = 4 - - om A an — _ > a~ _. - -_ = — —— a ar — “ a > od al - _ = « ae So ee eee oe “é ~ * = , — 4 r ak = = ~~ ~ os — — 7 eae = a, a he > : 2 SSeS : - -; = - —— — e — _ : ‘ 4. 5 ' i ‘) 7 ; ,7 Pr “FF f Mv : , 7 “i ag . iF, : 1 rt : oh ‘ re ; ‘ 5° ia \ oh + ’ ti : , ' 7 yt ‘ - yl Ln : iJ ihe ) rt | io) & : ' f + ’ f r { afy yf » Ta : = é ut : : 1 wit i; lin : iF 1} LY Ja e : ‘ ’ 4 | ie ‘ EE AMT — ean — — ean a ae - a = - =— - er *. ~~ ae - aad . . - — =i = ss ——— or - = ’ _ —- - a = c ., = = 7 é; : a" An tample OF the Language of the Province Bainoa, Peter Martyr gives us this Specimen’: an Language © The Wife of a Cafique (fayshe) went to Prayers in a Chappel which was buile/by “the Spaniards ; at her Return from whence het Husband defiring to etijoy her, ‘the refufing, {aid, Teitoca, teitoca, techeta Cynato guammechina, that is to fay,’ Be ih , | . 6 tented, Chap. XIII. AMERICA. << tented, Be contented, God would be highly incens’d : to which the Cafique ati{wer'd, «© Gnaibba Cjnato machabucha guamechyna, that is, What care I if God be angry, Since the Spaniards had firft pofleffion of this Iland, it hath been twice Invaded by the Englifh, the firft time unde the Conduct of Sir Francis Drake, who took the Town of San Domingo, ftaid in it a good while, and could if he had pleas’d, have totally difpoffefs’d the Spaniards; the fecond time under Colonel Venables, fent thither by Oliver (romwell during his ufurp'd Dominion; at which time it might ‘aseafily have been taken as at firft,had not che Bufinels been rafhly and indifcreetly manag’d, as fhall prefently be declar’d more at large. The firft Expedition of Sir Francis Drake hath been already hinted, but forthe memorablenefs of that. bold Exploit, we fhall give a particular Account of it from a late Writer, who hath fer forth the Life of that brave Englifh Heroe. In the Year of our Lord 1580. aboutthe end of February fetting Sail from St. Chriftophers for Hispaniola, by the Way they met with a fmall Frigat bound for San Domingo, and the Men of her being Examin’d, one affur’d them that the Haven of it was a barr’d Haven, and the Shore well fortifi'd, fo that there was no convenient Landing within ten Englifh Miles of the City, whither this Manundertookto condué& them. January the firftthey Landed ten Miles from the City, and marching thither under the Command of the Lieute- nant General, arriv’d about one a Clock in the Afternoon; when they came near, about a hundredand fifty Gentlemen well Mounted, prefented themfelves againft them ; but the {mall Shot playing uponthem, they departed, and the Englifh pro» ceeded towards the two Gates of the City that lay towards the Sea, both which the Spaniards had Mann’d, and planted their Ordnance without the Gates, and fome fmall Shot in an Ambufh by the Way-fide : The Englifh being about twelve hun- dred Men, divided themfelves ; the Licutenant»General leading the one half to one Gate, and Captain Powel the other half to the other Gate, vowing that wich God’s affiftance they would not reft till they met inthe Market-place : No fooner had the Spaniards difcharg’d their Ordnance, doing fome little Execution, but the Lieute. nant-General hafted, or rather'ran upon them, to prevent their Charging again, and notwithftanding their Ambufh, entred Pell Mell with them into the Gate, not ftaying till he came into the Market-place, unto whom fhortly after came Captain Powel with his Companies. This Place they ftrengthned with Barricado’s, the City being too large to be guarded by fo fmall and weary an Army, And after _Mid-night they in the Caftle, hearing fome of the Englifh bufie about the Gate, quitted it, fome being taken Prifoners, and others efcaping by Boats. The next day the Exglifh enlarg’d their Quarters, and fortifi’d themfelves, and held the Town for a Moneths fpace. During this time the General fent a Negro Boy with a Flag of Truce to the Spaniards, who by the Way was met by fome Offcers of the Galley which the Englifh had taken, together with the City, who furioufly thruft the poor Boy through the Body; who returning to the General, and having declar’d how barbaroufly they had us’d him, fell down and died in his Prefence. The General being much mov’ d herewith, commanded the Provoft-Martial to take two Fryers, and to carry them tothe fame place with a fufficient Guard, and there to hang $45 The taking ot St. De mingoby Sir Fran, Draky, thém , and withal he fent one of the Prifoners to inform the Spaniards why he did - it, and totell them, that till the Party who had thus murder’d his Mefflenger were deliver’d to him, there fhould no day pafs wherein he would not hang two Prifo- ners, till all were confum’d. Hereupon the day following the Murtherer was brought, and an Offer made to deliver him to the General, whoyet thought it more honorable to make them perform the Execution themfelves in the fight of the Eng- lifh, which was done accordingly. he Rea li2 During ee — 324. | “AMERICA. Chap. XIII, During their abode here, Commifliioners oft pals’ d between the Spaniards and them about the Ranfom of the City, but not agreeing, the Englifh [pent every Morning till the heat of the Day in firing and deftroying the Houfes in the out- ward part of the City, two hundred Mariners being employ’d therein for divers days ; yet were the Houfes built fo magnificently and ftrongly of Stone, that they could not confume one third part of the Town all that time, arhereipg the Ge- neral was contented to accept of twenty five thoufand Ducats of 55. Od, apiece to {pare the reft. Here his Soldiers met with good Pillage, efpecially of rich Apparel, but Trea- fure they found none; for the Spaniards by their Cruelcies had fo deftroy’d the Na- tives, who us’d to woth 3 in the Mines of Gold and Silver, that they were wholly given over; and in that Ifland they were forc’dto ufe Copper Money : yet they found here of Wine, Oyl, Vinegar, Wheat, Woollen and Linnen Cloth, fome Silks, exc. which meh reliev’d them : there was but little Plate found, Seth good Rote of Porcelane, or China Dithes ; yet fome they found, and very coftly Houf. hold-ftuff. vnables bis Venables his Expedition was in the Year 1654: when Cromwell having gain’d the worsen De. {Upteam Power under the. Title of Proteétor, and having us’d fo many Engines for ov the getting of Money to maintain his Greatnefs and ufurp’d Authority, thac he was almoft brought to his laft Shifts, bethought himfelf of this Projeé, (or, as fome fuppofe, had it put into his eu by Cardinal Mazarine, the then great Minifter of State in France, with whom he had intimate Correfpondence) thinking thereby to kill two Birds with one Stone: for on the one fide, he thaught by this notable Exploitto advance his Fame abroad, and gain Creda. and Applaufe with the People at home, by enlarging his Empire, and {preading the Renown of the Englifh Nation, and fo confequently to eftablifh himfelf the more firmly in his new gotten Power; and at the. {ame time by, the great Riches he promis’d to himfelf from this Adventure, to recruit his Stock, which all his gtiping Exadtions, e[peci- ally from the King’s Party, could {carce fupply for the keeping up of bik Army, maintaining Intelligence,and other vaft Expences : To this end he fets forth a con- fiderable Fleet with extraordinary {peed and fecrecy, it not being known whither this Fleet was defign’d till they were almoft upon the very Place, that the Spaniard might not be forewarn’d to provide againft them, onely in ‘Patek: terms it was given out, that the Defign was both advantageous to the Nation, and would prove a great enrichmentto all that went uponit; forhaticis no great wonder, if within a fhort {pace'a good competent Army was got together of fuch as having neither Eftates nor Employments, willingly offer’d themfelves, as Men that went from the ‘fear of Iron Grates,to the hopes of Golden Ingots ; and many of them were fuch as having been in the late King’s Army, and difdaining to take any Employment. at home under that Government,were eafily induc’d to Lift themfelves in this Armada: nor was Oliver a little glad of this occafion of fending out of the Land,and employs ing upona defperate Adventure thofe Men,who he had reafon to fulpeé&t would up- on any Opportunity offer’d, be the firft Denotes of his ufurp’d Power. This Army being fent to Port/mouth ous Embarquation, and there making fuch_ Preparations as was convenient, which a Moneths time or thereabouts was thought would ac- complifh, a Meflenger came from Desborough (who was there to fet them going) to the General, that he fhould prepare to Embarque on Chriffmas- -day ; which at the firft the General receiv'd with great impatience, alledging, That it was not poflis ble fo to do, and that he would not fet Sail without his Arms and other Neceflaries, which were not yet come from London + non at his going to Deshorosigh he was eee ‘d a ee . + ~ + ? c sa - 4 > —<{_ — — - a ~_—— zs" —— P< ~~ a —_ —— - =~ é on — p< ~ eo —= ~ : . ~- _— = —_? 4 Chap. XII. AMEK IC 4. prevail’d “upon to fet Sail, with a promife that the Ships with the Arms. fhould immediately follow him to the Barbado’s, »where he wasto ftay till their arrival ; fo on Chriftmas-day they fet Sail, and about the fourteenth of Febraary atriv’d at Bar- bado’s with three thoufand Men, and a Company of Reformado’s, which there were doubled, and then,and nottill then,it was told them, That the reafon of their fo fudden going away, was becaufe there was a Plot forming in England for refto- ring the King, and that they were not thought fic ro be left there at the Head of their Regiments, to be tempted with the advantage of joyning with any fuch Party. At Barbado’s they ftaid till they had almoft undone that Place by eating up their Pro- ~-yifions,the Planters there {eldom preparing morethan they have occafion to {pend in their Houfes, and for their Servants (having better and more profitable Employ- ments upon their Hands) and the Soldiers not being content with fuch Provifions as their Servants would be well pleas’d with, fo that they were in danger of ftar- ving the Ifland and themfelves too: Thereupon a Councihof War was call’d, and the neceffity of leaving that Ifland declar’d, and Orders iflu’d out to fet Sail for Hifpaniola, where they might make fuch Attempt as their Condition would allow, wanting Arms and other Neceflaries ; when they came within five or fix Leagues of Hifpaniola the Fleet lay by, and a Council of War was call’d by the Commiffio- ners (for fuch they had who were never Soldiers) with fome few Officers of the Army, where it was refolv’d\to attempt Sat Domingo, and an Order made, That in cafe it be taken, no Soldier fhould offer to Plunder, bue that fatisfation in lieu thereof fhould be given by the Commiffioners ; the Officers of the Army in vain oppofing and protefting againft it, which occafion’d the Soldiers to fay, That the Commiffioners fhould take the Town themf{elves, for they would not ; Lots were there drawn by the feveral Colonels who fhould firft Land, which fell upon. the Black Regiment, who had no Arms but Half-pikes of eight Footlong, made of Cabbage-Tree in the Barbado’s ; And Orders were then given out to the feveral Colonels to Land at the River Hind, within two Leagues of San Domingo; fo they fteer’d their Courfe thither, as was thought,by. Night, but the next Morning found themfelves twenty Leagues at leaft from the place of Rendezvouz, though one Re- giment Landed there,who durft not attempt the Town for want of Orders,though doubtlefs they might have taken it, had they not ftaid in expe@ationof the General and the reft of the Flect; but when they were thus caft Leeward of the Town, they muft Land their Men, who no fooner went on Shore, bucthe Order againft Plundering was read, and the Soldiers in a Mutiny to whom it was read, which made the reft forbear to read it, judging it notime now to-difoblige them, who had in their Officers opinion too juft a caufe of difcontent: However this was made known to the reft, and difcours’d asthey march’d, That they had not thought to be under a Committee here, but they would make them weary of their Em- ployment ere they had done: And this indeed was enough, befides the faintnefs and unufual Heat of the Countrey, to difanimate Men of good Refolutions, efpe- cially the ordinary Soldiers, whofe hopes of Plunder is the.chiefeft prop to their Courage, and exedted Gain the {purr to their Valour. After they had Landed their Men, next Morning early they march’d towards San Domingo; but before Nooh the Heat and Drought which they felt made them fenfible of their firft Errour and - Inadvertency, in coming from England without their Neceflaries ; for through want of Bottles; which were lefe behind, and came not till three Moneths afterwards, the Men fell down dead in the High-ways, every one fainting and languifhing, and crying out for Water: fhortly after they met with a Field of Oranges, which was no unwelcome fight, with which they ftor’d themfelyes, but ere they had masch’d 7 hi 5 four SS . : 4 9 - ¢ : ;” : t o +p we o ‘) | 4} a ' 4 i\ : - a! ’ 4 ' ape “toe ty ;) . , ? ee : 4 ’ dy ‘val : y ta ' a 4 ai ‘ ‘ ' Y | il” r j - - ’ : , ’ i i : 7 t : : ' , are. eT f ‘ +4 i + ey 1 eo : ‘ : | i] - v t | } 7 8 ; | ] i) i Ve - ber , : 4 P} | ; + ’ > . 7 ) Ve! ‘“ ti { , - 7 ' : vr + ' 4 ' se | - Bi - : : J + { ’ i : 4 ‘ ‘ i 4 wit ; ‘ . vy 4 ‘ } * - , ' ! : f q ahi Wi ‘Ff | H : » TRIG - : wv ’ b . BY : } r J hy - \s a : 7 i! eat. +) (2 1 fe" ; ‘ be > i%, : _ + A. ‘ ‘i : | 17 nl by - - | 4 > i : : : yr ) ' rf , : : * - P ) | , : - al 4 ‘ ‘ ie * F i ad 7 ipa - het oe ' a ; we | todd 4 : 3 ub tee > =’, * j . r if ’ r rae ‘ + - r . fs ‘ 1; e - + : Te « : ("st r - ; ‘ hiv / sey J ’ H , - : - is ny 5 5 ' f > | » : A e . of La 7 : y t 1 a - - 7 ’ : - : PI 4 ow ; 4 : : - | 326 va” AMERICA. _ Chap. XUT four or five Miles thought they had quench’d their prefent Thitt, and their Drought began to increale however, they march’d on, leaving fome of their Men dead onthe place, others fainting, were fet upon the Troopers Horfes till they came that Night to fome Water, which gave them new life, and the Morrow early march’d again till they came within fome Miles of the appointed Rendez- vouz,where they heard of.the other Regiment that Landed at the right place: And now having refrefh’d themfelves with Reft, Water, and Provifion, they march’d to the taking of the Town ; the General himfelf, with a {mall Party and a Guide, went towards the Townto find out fome Water, which he knew the Soldiers would want, (not having Bottles to carry any) but as they were on their March, which was very leifurely by reafon of the Heat, they heard a firing’ of Mufquets, then making more {peed in their March, fuppofing an Engagement, in the High- way, about a Mile from the Town, .was found one of the General’s Secretaries, with others,dead ; and not long after fome came back to the General,and told him, That looking for Water with the Guide, an Ambufeade iffa'd out, and had kill’d the Guide that fhould have fhew’d them the place of Water, and fome others ; and ' although fome which Commanded the foremoft Regiments were very forward and willing to affaule the Town, yet it was not thoughe fit fo to do till the Army came up, by which time it was Night , and though they were then within half a Mile of the Town, yet the Soldiers were fo impatient for Water, that they could not ftay till the next Morning to affault the Town, but were fore’d to march back to the River Hind about eight Miles ; (and this Relater did at that time drink his own Water) there they ftaid till they had again refrefh’d themfelves, and then prepar’d for their Return to attaque the Town ; and notwithftanding the March it felf in a hot Countrey was irkfom.enough, yet they were fore’d to make “the Soldiers to draw the Ordnance and other Carriages for want of Harnefs and other Neceflaries, which were left behind ; however, they willingly underwent it by Turns: And now a Forlorn wasdrawn out, and other Orders given for a March, efpecially it being taken notice of, that the Enemies:manner of Fight was and would be by Am- . _bufcades, a File in every Company were order’d to ftand till the other came up, and to face to the Right and Left to the Woods,which were all along as they went, for fear of a Surprize ; and the Forlorn marching near an old Fort, call’d Jeronymo, which we had been poffefs’'d of before, but thought not worth the keeping, and fearing they might meet with fome {mall oppofition there, began to fortifie thems felves, and took a Dram of the Bottle, which as they were drinking, and others eating abit, fuddenly rufh’d forth an Ambufh of abouta hundred and twenty Blacks, witha Spanifh Commander in the Head of them, which fo amaz’d and fur- ptiz’d them, that fome few onely Difcharging, the reft immediately fled , the Blacks quickly falling in with their Lances, and doing fuch Execution as the time would allow them ; for prefently the Alarm being taken, and Supplies marching out for their relief, the Enemy, whohad done more than they could poffibly expeé to _ have done, retreated into their Fort, which they had better fortifi’d than before, and had planted fome fimall Drakes there upon it ,, the Execution was fo fhort, that they had not time either to ftrip or pick a Pocket, left they had paid too dear for it. After this Defeat a Council of War was call’d; and there it was agreed the next Morning early to fall on upon that little Fort, and fo proceed to the taking of the Town ; but very early, asthey were in that expectation, Orders came fromthe General to the Army to march back tothe River Hind, for what reafon this Relator (though a confiderable Perfon) never yet knew ; where after they had flaid fome _ ‘ime, that Mifcarriage was queftion’d at a Council of War, and one of the chief . Officers -——- ye a, gee Ee Le » Se ~ 4 - . j 1 ! — re Ae Aly . ) ff 4 BN r = fle 5 I ites Sa \ iui a a : , Pe = ; 3 sb (UT . = y Ss “is Hi hey : : F a wa ETE Reo ai} ; . Ly yp ' . mi 4 , \ ay a ‘ | a =e Ta why ) Mc an te VW ae ‘ ; A: > a = : SiN a : er . oe : ' , — i NA : BS es ~ a hi ik . 4 : = | : ; = a = lif + = = ee vate teat — - ; _ . At eae piiestt Ming fe “ Fa al I Toh || i) : ra (|! —_— 4 an en il | eae «il ' . 2 > 5 ig > - 4h 2 - 7 7 . . “ ~-_ a — spe, += = a fe —. + —— & Chap. XIV. AMERICA. OGicers of the Forlorn order’d to have his Sword broke over his Head, with other difgraceful Impofitions, and two Colonels of the Army were order’d to draw up the Caufes of this Mifcarriage to fend to England ; which, becaufe ’twas thought would too much refleé& on them in Power that were to fupply them, was by thofe Colonels judg’d inconvenient, and fo twas never done. The number of Men loft by Stragling, Sicknefs, and this unhappy Engagement, amounted in the whole to about two hundred and thirty. In afhort time after this, it was order’d to Ship the Men ; which done, after fome Debates amongft the Commiffioners what was beft to be done, Provifions nor Utenfils yet coming fit for the Defign in- tended, which was to poflels {ome confiderable Place in the Main, it was agreed, That they fhould fteer their Courfe for the Ifland‘of Jamaica; which they did accor- dingly, and on the tenth day of May 1654. with little Oppofition pofflefs’d ir: where the fame Soldiers have fhew’d not onely fuch Courage and Refolution upon all occafions, (in many and frequent Encounters and Invafions made by the Spani- ards, not onely with Soldiers of thofe Parts, but {uch as have been fent from Spain, Naples, Catalonia, and other Places) as might {peak them Englifh-men, but fuch hath been their Patience and Sufferance, as’none of this Nation inthe memory of Man have ever been put to, the Effeéts whereof their King and Countrey, ‘tis hop’d, will have occafion to remember, to their immortal Honor and Renown. Hifpaniola is {urrounded with feveral other Ifles, as 1. Eaftward appears Saona, full of pleafant Woods and Paftures, with Cattel feeding onthem : in former times it produe’d much (azabi for the City Domingo. but fince the Spaniards murder’d all the Inhabitants Anno 1502. it hath never been inhabited. 2. The Rocky Shelf St. Catalina. 3. Abaque. 41 Navaza. 5. Guanabo. 6. Tortuga, abounding in Hogs. and 7. Beata, famous for the excellent fpeckled Wood which grows there, and a {wift River, which oftentimes detains the Ships there whole Moneths, ie’ f UERLLEEELEL ADEE EE RELL ERS LEOBEBEE ILS oe ee oe ge | CHAP. XIV. Porto Rico, and Monico. . : . . of but now more generally Porto Rico,from St.Fuan de Porto Rico, fs chief Town , Porte Rice. is an Hland fifteen Leagues diftant from Santa Crux, to the North-Weft, and about as many from Fii/paniolg to the South=Eaft, but from the Continent or main Land of Paria (which feems to be the neareft) a hundred and thirty, or a hun. dred thirty fix, as fome feckon. It lieth almoft in a quadrangular Form, being fuppos’d to contain about thirty Leagues in length, and not lefs than twenty in breadth, in eighteen and nineteen Degrees of Northern Latitude. The Ifland on the North, which is lefs fruitful than the South part, produces et * Gold, and is generally water'd with many Rivers. There is alfo Silver, Tin, Lead, ee; iS Quickfilver, and Azure, us’d by Painters. The Rain generally falls there between May and Auguft, A little before, or in the beginning of Harveft, the Hurricanés breaking forth fromthe Clouds, rage in fuch a matiner, that it is impofible for any Ships to endure the Sea, and 2 Northern Blaft generally doth great damage to the Plants here. | £ A Nother of thofe call’d The Ifles of Barlovento, is Boriquen, anciently fo nam’d, Bounds and Ten: Leagues towards the South-Eaft beyond Porto Rico, appears Sierra del Lo= Sere, Loquilla, quillo, Rivers, The peifon- ous Apple- Trees ‘The Tree @aiaba, AMERICA. Chap. XIV. See. > quillo, being,a continu’d Ridge of Mountains which runs through the whole Ifland from Eaft to Weft, extending both ways to the very Sea-fhore. | Twenty three Rivers difcharge their, Waters alfo into the Ocean ; amongft which the chiefeft is Cairabon, particularly noted for ten Sugar-Mills which-are erected upon its Banks. | 7 ioists cay The Hills, Plains, and Valleys, “are invefted with variety of Trees peculiar to this place, as Tabunuco, which affords a medicinal Gum, good againft. Lameneds, and green Wounds: it is alfo of great ufeto prelerve a Ship’s Keel from the Worms. Another Tree call’d Maga, is everlafting Wood, and bears a great Flower likea Rofe. The Leaves of the Higillo Pintado-T ree cures all manner of Bruifes. The fame power is alfo in the little Tree Santéa Maria ; as likewife in another by the Spaniards call’d Bal/amo. 7 The Body of the Tree Zoyla is fo thick, that fifteen Men holding Hands toge- ther, cannot encompa({s the fame. ; The {peckled Wood, and Cafsia Fiftula grow alfo here in great abundance, Here is likewife AppleeTrees, which grow by Rivers fides, or on the Sea-fhore, whofe Fruit is rank Poyfon, and who-ever fleeps under the fhadow of them, will certainly be Lame: The Fruit eaten generally caufes Death; or if Nature be fo ftrong in him that eatsof it, to overcome the fame, yet he is certain to lofe his Fipit.); > : As hurtful is the prickly Herb Quibey, which bears white Flowers like Violets. But this Ifland receives the greateft prejudice by the Tree Guaiaba, becaufe it grows in moft places, and over-runs Plains and Hills, fo fpoiling all the Grafs, be- tween which and the foreemention’d Tree there is fuch an antipathy, that none will grow near it. The Tree bears a brown Apple full of Kernels, which are eate® by Beafts and Fowls, and from which falling on the Ground when ripe, grow UP in new Trees, which makes the Countrey a meer Wildernefs: The Body of it 1 fmooth and of a pale colour, the Leaves hard, and glittering, and grow two and rwe Chap. XIV. AMERICA. two over one another ;. the Flowers have-alfo five Leaves, if the middle of which rifesa Crown like that on a Peacock’s Head : The Fruit, which is cover’d with a foft Doun,. and fomewhat longer than the Exropean Apple, when cut through, hath a pale red Pulp, full of eatable Kernels : before ie 1 ripe, itis of a fharp tafte, yet good boyl’d, but when ripe, of a moft-delicious and pleafant rellifh , neverthe- lefs too much of it caules a Lask The Roots, which are red without, and white within, are juicy, {iweec, and very long,che Leaves fallow and fowre of tafte. _ Amongft the fkrange Beafts the Javaris, Opaffum, and Tatow are the ‘moft temark- The Beat able. The Javaris are'taken for .a fort of wild Flogs, and have fhort Ears anda Navel ‘on, their Backs; litle’ Tails, fome black, and fome fpotted white. | The Opaffum is as big.as a Cat, hath a fharp Mouth}the upper Jaw-bone hanging The opaffum over the lower, long, ftraight,and broad Earsjand a very long Tail,bald at the end, which winds ina Circle , On -its Back black Hair {prinkled with grey Spots, arid with its fharp Claws clinibs up the Trees; where it feeds on Fruit, and fornetimes preys.on Fowls. Nature hath furnifh’d’ this Beaft with a ftrange Bag under its Belly, whereof the in-fide hath a farfofter Doun than the out-fide, in which the young ones lie and fuck, after which the Bag opening, Ground... The Males have alfo-a Bag; which fetves onely for they and the Females carry them by turns | | The Tatow, which is arm’d with fharp Scales, hath the Mouth of aHog, and at each Foot five fharp Nails: when it is Hunted, or goes to fleép in the Night, it draws its Head, Legsand Tail under its {caly Coat of Mail, like a Tortoife, and in that manner lies fecure againft all manner of danger. _ The Venifon taken here is very delicatés but difficult to be got; for this Beaft having a breathing-place in its Back, never tires with running, and when encome b? pals’d by the Dogs, falls valiantly on thofe thac are neareft to it, and often tears them in pieces. | 329 they creep out upon the to carry their Young in, The Tatow, The chief Towns in this Ifland, dre 1. Porto Rico it felf, cominonly call’d Crit Towm St. John de Porto Rico (fo term’d by Chriftopher Columbus, as being the firft Land difto- ver'd by him in the Year 1493. at that time when he could not perfwade his Seas men, wearied out with continual hardfhip, from returning, if they difcover’d not Land in two days) a ftrong and neat Town, built by the Command of Philip thé Second, King of Spain: It was attempted by Sir Francis Drake in the Yéat 15953 without fuccefs, but a few years after taken by the Earl of (Cumberland; 2. St. Germans, inthe Weft part of the Ifland, three or foiir Leagues diftant from the Sea. | eo 3+ Arrecibo, Welkward from Porto Rico, where the rioft noted Haven is of thofe Parts, for all the others are full of Rocks and Sands: - _ The antient Inhabitants of this Ifland maintain’d continual Wats with the Cannibals (probably the Natives of the Iflands fo call’d) who us’d every year to Come thither: cthofe that were conquer’d, as well of the one fide as of the other, were eaten by the Conquerors, fo that in effeét, both fides Were but a different fore of Cannibals. | Columbus Landing here, found a all of thern empty and defolate. | igh This Ifland (which formerly is faid to have béen under the ab(elute Power of one fole King) the Spaniards not much regarded at firft, having enough to do with Hifpaniola, where they found more Gold than on Porto Rico, Anno 1510. John Ponce de Leon obtain’d a Commiffion from the Court of Spain, to FM building : fF St, Ger be chief Governor of this Ifland, and built €aparra; which Place was inhabited ™ great Houle futrounded with twelve others, buc twelve AMERICA. Chap. XIV. twelve years, notwithftanding it ftood behind a {craggy Mountain, in a defare place far up in the Countrey ; but their thirft after Gold, of which fome Veins were difcover’d there,made them difpence with all other inconveniences: yet at laft beginning to be weary of this defolate and barren place of Settlement,they remov'd to Guanica, water'd by many Rivers, whofe Sands had great quantities of Gold- duft. Not ftaying long there, they went four Leagues farther, and call’d their new Plantation Soto Major. Laftly, returning again, they ferled themfelves in the former Valley Guanica, and built the foreemention’d Town | St. Germans by the Ri- ver Guaorabo, which makes an inconvenient Haven. | The Siuati- Juan de Porto Rico ftands Eaftward at the beginning of the North Coaft,on a fmall prion. and Peninfula, joyn’d tothe Ifland by an high [/thmus call’d Puente de Aguilar. Neat the jem de For Mouth of the Haven lies on a rifing Hill the Fort Morro Empinado, built triangular by John de Texilaand Baptifta Antonelli (who alfo planted there forty Guns), and fur- rounded with the Sea, which renders it a well fortifi'd place. The Governor Diego Mendez de Valdez had in it fifteen hundred Menand eighty Horfes, when the fore. mention’d valiant Duke of (wmberland with a far lefs number fell upon him in the Year 1597. and not onely took the City Porto Rico, but feveral other Fortifications and befidesan invaluable mafs of Treafure he carried away eighty Guns. Sometime before this Defeat the Spaniards under the Government of Chriftopher,Son to the Portus guofe Duke of Camigna, were Invaded by the Cannibals, and all that were then up- on the place utterly deftroy’d, none of them efcaping but the Bifhop and his Ser. vants, who betimes fled away with the Church Ornaments ; fo that the Iflanders from that time were put out of doubt that the Spaniards were mortal, for they fup- pos’d them immortal when firft they faw their great Ships, and heard the noife of their thundering Cannon. | Hugh Linfchot relates, That the Cafique Yaguara threw a Spaniard into the Water, The Cafique Tuguara’s meet. eo try whether he would drown or not,and feeing him wholly depriv‘d of Life, he concluded by confequence that the reft of them were mortal, and thereupon he fet upon them when they were feeking for Gold, and kill’d above a hundred and fifty of them. . . Peter Martyr relates farther, That thefe People, though very expert in Arms, yet were oftentimes beaten by the Cannibals, who at one time carried above five . thoufand People out of Parto Rico for their Winter Provifions. — The Ava Nor was their Condition better’d after the Spaniards conquer’d the Ifland,for thofe of te Spe-- that could not furnifh them with Gold, were certain of Death: Nor were their __Cruelties in other places undivulg’d to this People before their Arrival , where- upon (as is related by Peter Ordonnex de (arellos) the Cafique Hatvey being inform’d of the Spaniards Approach, took an Oath from his Subjects, That they fhould never difcover where the Gold lay, though they fhould be put to death for it ; For ({aid he) Gold is their God, for which they make fo many curfed Blood-baths where-ever they come ; therefore throw the Gold into fome very deep Waters, for when the Spanifh God is funk, the Spaniards will lofe their Courage, and not plague ws fo much for ite | er a Ceiemonics Many were the Idolatrous Ceremonies of the old Natives of this Place, which Naive. would be too tedious to relate ; but amongft the reft, they annually kept a great Feaft, at which the Cafiques fummon’d all their Subjeétsto 2 Temple appointed for that purpofe, where the Priefts had prepar’d an Idol ready fer forth in all its Pa- geantry ; neat which the Cafique plac’d himfelf, when upon the beating of a Drum all the Commonalty camealfo into the Temple ; the Men painted with divers Co- lours, having on their Heads Plumes of Feathers, about their Necks, Legs, and Arms, Strings of Sea-fhells. The Married Women had alight Covering about 3 | ‘- their Chap. XV. _ eA MERIC ZA. cheit Middle, but the Maids went fark naked, all of them Dancing and Singing Songs in praife of the Idol; after which having faluted the Cafique, they thruft little Sticks down their Throats, foto bring up all they had upon their Stomachs ; which done, and fitting down with their Legs under them, they begari to Sing anew, often bowing and fhewing Reverence to the Cajfique ; whileft fome Women catried Baskets of Bread. amongft thofe that Sang, and utter’d certain Prayers, which were anfwer’d by fome of the Men; the Bread being blefs’d by the Priefts, they gave every oneia picce, with which they return’d home very merry and jocund. But the. God of this Ifland, whoever he was, hath been a long time left without Worfhippers; for thofe that were left by thé Invading Cannibals, were He maffacred by. the Spaniards, infomuch that they have been thereby néceffi- tated to furnifh themfelves with Negro’s to work im their Mines and Sugar-Mills ; and thefe alfo not able to endure fuch-hard Entertainment, ran moft of them away : for when a Negrodid not bring Gold enough homeiat Night, his Mafter tying him naked to a Stake or Poft, and beat him with Rods or Switches fo long, till the Blood ran down his Back, then pour’d boyling Oy! into the Wounds, and then threw Pepper and Salt into them, and fo let him lie, or elfe put him into a Pit, out of which his Head appear’d onely. But thofe that fled gathering together, fome- times met with the Spaniards, and paid them in their own Coin. | 33! Aftward of Porto Rico, and betwixt it ard Hifpaniola, there lieth a little, birt Th Mn: i, fruitful Mland call’d Mona; and Weftward of that, another call’d Monico, or Monetta , which laft the Englifhy when time was, found fo admirably ftor’d with a fort. of wild Fowl, that the huge Flights of them feem’d to darken the Air over their Heads, and upon their Landing found fuch plenty of their Eggsupon the Shore’ and Ground thereabouts, that they prefently laded two of their Boats with th em. But how peopled or poffefs’d, not fo well known. ERLRE ARERR GY EEE EEE GEE EEOC EE EEG BEBE eee st | CHAP. XV... Cuba. big esas ot tather to the North-Weft of Hifpahiola, lieth Cuba, ac- abe counted one of the four HMles of Barlovento, and by Columbus, upon His ¢uba. firft Difcovery, call’d Joanna, afterwards Fernandina, then Alpha and Omega, vill'at laft the prefent Name prevail’d ; it is parted from the other by a Frith, or narrow Channel, which runneth betwixt the Capes of St. Nicholas, bez longing to Hii/paniola, and that call’d Mayzi; belonging to (tiba ; On thé North it ts Bounds hath a Frie of little Iflands call’d The Leucaye Iflands, of which more in their propet place, fo many and fo-thick {catter'd, that they ferve for no {mall Security and De- fence of the Ifland on that fide; befides, a part of the Peninfula of Florida, which Coafteth it likewife Northward ; on the Weft ic hath the Countrey of Jucatan, which is part of the Continent, but ata diftance of forty or fifty Leagues ; and on the South, Jamaica. It is reckon’d to bein length from Cape Mayzi, which looks towards Hifpaniola toi the Cape of St. Anthony, which isupon the Bay of Mexico, two hundred and thirty Leagues, but in breadth in fome places not above fifteen or fix- teen Leagues over ; in the broadeft place from Jardines to Lucanaca, not above forty, in ~ * - — + ——- - — —- ential a i —— to ° a ae . = tt ag = - "* ~~ - - . a - - nd : qg262-+4 aaee = —— ——— me 33% Trees, Birds. Manner of ta- king Parrots, Chief Pro- vinces of - Cuba. ~ + AMERICA. Chap. XV. in others fixty five. But for fertility of Soil, contending with Hii/paniola it felf ‘and for temperature and healthinefs of Air, much exceeding it; nor lef$ tich formerly in good Mines both of Gold and Silver, and plentifully fter’d at prefent; not onely with Sugar-Canes of the beft Growth, but likewife with abundance of Ginger- Roots, Ca/sia-Fiftula, Mattick, Aloes,Cinamon; Long-Pepper of America, as they call it, and divers other forts of Spices. The Pafturesno lefs abounding with Cattel‘6f all forts, efpecially of European Breed ; the Rivers and Coafts of the Sea with’ good Fifh ; no {carcity of Fowl, whether wild’or tame; good Brafs and Iron fill found, with fome Gold in the Rivers, efpecially thofe which fall into the Bay*Xagia on the South fide of the Ifland ; the chiefeft thereof are Avimao; La Luna, De Mares, and Canto; the biggeft of them falls Southward into the Sea ; all’ of them bréed ftore of Crocodiles, which have oftentimes {eiz’d both upon Men and'Beafts, and carrying them into the Water, -devour’d them there. | | 2h Ca Re i The Cedars breathe forth a moft excellent fweet fmell; and grow fo large, that out of the fingle Trunks of fome.of them Boats’ are faid to have been made, ‘capa- ble to hold forty, fometimes fixty Men.) « Ran WD = J There are alfo many other very odoriferous Trees, yielding a certain Rozéi'or Gum, no lefs precious than the Storax. 120g cpepathetaans Lehi But nothing grows here more plentifully than Vines, the Bodies or Stdcks of which are as thick as a Man’s Middle, and bear excellent Grapes Befides Partridges, Turtle-Doves, and other Fowl; the Seasfhore breeds thon. fands of Cranes, which when young, are white, but when old, become of ‘{everal Colours ; they ftand commonly with their Legs in fale Water, which they: drink. The Parrots which breed here us’d to be taken bythe Natives’ after!" ftrange manner: A Boy having a Bundle of Herbs about his) Head, “climbsjiip»t6 the top of a Tree, holding a Parrot over his Head; which by griping: he’ fotées"to make a noife, and thereby draws others to come flying about him , upon which, being’ex- pert in this Art, he throws a String with a Noofe made faft to a Stick about them, and pullsthemtohim. «+. -. RRERT AQSSAS Sass Seage. There are a fort of four-footed Serpents, by the Natives call’d Yeuanas, of which they us’d to eat, . ee | | The Fleth of Tortoifes or Turtles, was.accounted a great Dainty amongft them, efpecially thofe of the biggeft fize,of which fome have been known to weigh a hun- dred and thirty Pound: The Feet of them are faid to cure the Leprofie and Scabs, Amongft the peculiar Trees of this Countrey, are the Zagua and the (aninga. The Cotton, which is of the natural Growth of this Place, is exceeding fine. Here is alfo the Bird Flamingo, and another fort of Bird call’d Bambayas. In former times Cuba was Govern’d by feveral Lords, each Commanding over his own Province, Lot :; | . thay Sade.» The chiefeft of thefe Provinces are Mayxi, Bayamo, Cueyba, Camguey, Macaca, Xagua, Habana, and Ubima ; fome of them are plain, others mountainous, and being more or lefs fruitful, were very populous, before the Spaniards came'thither, but fiice their cruel Maffacres, {earce any of the antient Natives are left! Nor are the Spaniards here at prefent very populous, confidering the largenefs of the Ifland. ’ Yee In the Province of Camaguey is’a Valley three Leagues in bignefs, where Nature produces a great nuinber of large Stones fo exaétly round, that no’ Man with 2 Compafs can make a more exaét Circle. mseoees 21 2h boris) lames Though theGold, which is digg’d out of the Mines, and°found in Rivers, is none of the pureft, yer the Copper which this Countrey affords is actounted ex cellent. aQsIe fies U 17 2 1, JO0Ch ~ . . The | rg U1 Aceon Mis c= LA navi . —— = nr ‘ | BT inl = \S\e = = — = r<—— SSS = = Chap. XV. AMERICA 333 The Serpents here are about the bignefs of a Hare, having Heads ‘like Weezles « Serpenes, they prey on little Beafts call’d Guabiniquinazes, and have been accounted delicious and wholfom Meat. Theantient Natives went formerly naked. The Men made it a Cuftom to for- Aanlent Cx- (ake their Wives when they pleas’d ; yet the Women were ftill oblig’d to be faith- Nauves. ful cothem, though from the very firft day of their Marriage they were taught to Cuckold them, by a certain wicked Ceremony in ufe amongft them; forthe Bridegroom lay not’ with his Bride the firft Nighc, but fuffer’d her to be enjoy’d by one of his Friends of equal Quality withhimfelf, whether he were Lord; Mere chant, Laboring-man, or what Eftate foever. : This Ifland was reduc’d under the Spanifh Government not without great effu- Th Spent, fion of Blood ;. forthe Natives having had continual Wars with the Cannibals, as passes bye hath:been faid, were not ignorant in the Exercife of Arms. The firft Spanifh Com- : mander fent againft them was Valdivia, whom they flew with all his Men,and hew’d his Ship in pieces. Little better efcap’d Fogeda, whofe Men were all cut off, and he himfelf efcaping very miraculoufly , died not long after of his Wounds in St. Domingo. | | Within. two years after, viz. Anno.1514. Diego Valafquex, with better fuccefs fee id a forth for Cuba, where the firft thing he did was to build a City, which he call’d St. Jago, lying near a Southern Bay, full of Fith, and defended with feveral {mall Ifles, behind which the Shipsin the greateft Storm may Ride very fecure , by reas fon whereof the new City increas’d fo much, that ina fhort time it could fhew two thoufand Inhabitants, a brave Church, a Cloyfter, and was made a Bifhop’s See, but fubordinate to that of St. Domingo. Three or four Leagues from the City are thofe famous Mountains, by the Spa- tron niards call’d Sierra de Cobre, or ‘The Copper Mountains, from the abundance of that Me- tal which the Mines in them afforded, and do yet afford ; but the City was aftere wards almoft left defolate, (divers Houfes in the fame ftanding empty) having init {carce two hundred Inhabitants ; which made it the eafier to be taken by a hun- s+. Fare dred and fixty Englifh-men, led by Captain Cliff, Anno 1601. who carried from thence 2rx!. a hundred thonfand Pieces of Bight, and a Ships Lading of Hides and Sugar, a Befides St.Jago, Valafquex built the Town Baracoa,on the Eaftern Shore of Cuba, Baracos. wath'd by the River Mares, which falls into the Ocean between two Mountains on one fide, and a flat Point on the other, and is a moft excellent Harbor: Not far from which grows the beft Ebony Wood. 3. He alfo built the Town St. Salvador, one of the moft healthful Promontories +. Ssvsde. of all Cuba, near the River Bayamo, which produces round Stones, us’d there in ftead of Bullets. | | 4. Helikewife built Trinidad, before which hardly acceffible Harbor many a Ship "#4. hath been caft away : But this Fort was bya mighty Storm levell’d even with the Ground. 5. Near the Haven before the Town Puerto del Principe is a Fountain, out of Sos ag which at certain times flows liquid Pitch. | 6. The Town call’d Villa Santti Spiritus, fix Leagues from the Ocean, boalts Yule Se fifty brave Houfes, and is wafh’d by the River Saaz. 7. The chiefeft City which the Spaniards pofiels in the Weft-Indies, and the pre- #4. fent Seat of their Governor, is Chriftovall de Havana , which ftood firft on the South fide of Cuba, but was afterwards built onthe North, oppofite to Florida: The Har- bor before itis large and fafe, for itis able tocontain a thoufand Ships, without the leaft endangering of one another, and yet the Entrance fo narrow, between a Kk Promon- te Dh - n 7 AMERICA. Chap. XV. Promontory and a fquare Fort, that two Ships cannot Sail in together : the fhal- loweft part thereof hath fix Fathom Water. On each fide the Mouth of the Har- bor is a Fort, the one call’d Mefa de Maria, which ftands built on a Champain Ground ; the other call’d Morro, which lies at the Foot of two-Hills, on whofe tops feveral Guns are planted, which Command the Town and Haven. Betwixt thefe two Forts.isa Tower cover’d, on the top whereof is'a round Lan. tern, wherein ftands continually a Watch-man, who puts forth as many Flags as he difcovers Ships at Sea, to give notice thereof to the City, which is a Mile from thence. i ! Havana {e- vera] times Affaulted and taken, Before Havana ftands a third €aftle, well for’d with Guns, as likewife the reft are, in all tothe number of twohundred and forty, and ftrongly Garrifon’d , of which great care was taken by the General Fean de Texeda, and Baptifta Antonelli, an Architect, f€nt thither by Philip the Second, King of Spain, to fecure the Place from all foreign Affaults, becaufe the Plate-Fleet, and other Ships that come out of the Weft-Indies, have their place of Rendezvouz here, and from hence fet Sail altoge. ther for Spain. The City ftands along the Haven, and hath two Churches with {pity Sceeples. The Houfes are now built after the Spanifh manner. | But Havana was not fo ftrongly fortifi'd in former times, for Anno 1536. it could not refift a mean French Pyrate, who lofing the reft of his Fleet was driven hither by Storm, and conquering Havana, had burnt the fame, confifting at that time of woodden Houfes cover’d with Thatch, had not the Spaniards redeem’d them from the Fire for feven hundred Ducats ; with which Money the French fet Sail, when the day following three Ships arriv’d from New Spain before Havana, and having unladed their Goods, and preparing themfelves for Battel, purfu’dthe Pyrate , whom getting fight of, the Admiral, who Sail’d before, durft not venture to Engage him alone, but ftaid for the other two Ships: from which cowardly Aéion the French Pyrate taking Courage, fell on the Spanifh Admiral, who without firing a Gun ran his Ship.afhore, and deferted the fame: the next Ship thereby difcou- rag’d, Tacking about, made away from the Enemy; on which the third alfo fol- low’d, infomuch that at laft they were all three taken by the French ; who encou- rag'd with this unexpegted Vidory, fteer’d their Courfe a fecond time to Havana, where they got as much more Money from the Inhabitants as before. After this the Spaniards buile all their Houfes of Stone,and a Fort at the Mouth of the Harbor, yet neverthelefs the City lay open on the Land fide ; of which the Englifh Fleet, Cruifing about in thofe Seas, being inform’d, Landed not far from Havana,and ens ter'd the City before Day-break : the Spaniards thus fuddenly furpriz’d,fled into the Woods, whileft the Englifh plunder’d and ranfack’d the City without any refiftance. But this was notthe laft Blow which Havana receiv'd, for during the Wars between the Emperor Charles the Fifth, and the French King Henry the Second, a Ship fet Sail with ninety Soldiers from Diep to (uba, where they made themfelyes Mafters of St. Jago, and carried great Treafure away with them: Thusentrich’d, they fet in the Night on Havana, but found their Expectations fruftrated, for all the Houfes were empty, the Spaniards (being fo often Plunder’d) having remov’d all their Goods to their Countrey Houfes, which lay {cattering about the Ifland. Whileft the French were fearching the Houfes, two Spaniards came under. pretence of agree- ing withthem, but their Defign was chiefly to take an Account of theit Enemies Forces. The French demanded fix thoufand Ducats of them : to which the two Spantards reply’d, ‘That all their Goods would not raife fo much: then going to their Party, inform’d them of the number of the Enemies, and their Demands ; whereupon Confulting, fome judg’d it beft to comply with a fore’d Neceffity, and if Chap.. XV. UMERUCA. if they could not get any thing abated, to pay the demanded. Sum :.but moft of them were of another opinion, alledging, That the number, of the. French was not equivalent to their Demands, and that it would not be for their Credit, to yield up their Eftates fo tamely, without trying their Title by the Sword :, This being judg’d fitteft, they march’d to Engage them with a hundred and fifty Men, which about Midnight fell on the French, and at the firft Onfet flew four of them ; but up- on the firing of the Gun they were all alarm’d, and after a {mall Skirmith, put the Spaniards to flight. The Conquerors enrag’d at this treacherous Plot of the Spani- ards, fet fire on Havana, in which dt that time was a good quantity of Pitch and Tarr ; with whichthe Gates, Windows,Roofs, and Pent-houtes being all bedaub’d over, were in few hours all in alight Flame ; after which the Churches in order for their firing, werealfo going to be over-laid, with the fame combuftible Matter , at which a, Spaniard boldly defir'd, that the Temples ‘erected for Gods Service might be fpar’d:.to which he was anfwer'd, That People who keep. not theit Promife, nor had any Faith, had no need of Churches to profefs their Faith in. The French not fatish’d with burning, pull’d down the Walls, and utterly demo- lifh’d the Fort. The Haven Xagua alfo is not inferior to any, the Mouth thereof being a Bowe- Mt fhot wide, and within, ten Leagues: The Ships are fecurely fhelter'd behind three Iflands, and alfo the Mountains, which rife along the Shore. | | Moreover, the Inlet Matancais not onely eminent, by reafon of the round Moun tain Elan de Matancas, which rifes from alow, Ground, but chiefly for the Expeditis The Succ ons of Admiral Peter Peterfon Hein, who being fent out by the Weft-India Come Per tein. pany, to Crufeup and down before Havana with one and; thirty Sail, was from thence by a {trong Current driven down to Matanca; where he.ftood from the Shore, when ten Ships came juft running amidft his Fleet, and were all taken but one: About Noon they difcover’d nine Ships more, ,which Sailing along the Shore, got into the Inlet Matanca, where they ran aground ; whither Hein follow- ing, came up to them the next Morning by Break-of-day, and after a fmall Refi- ftance took them, being valu’d to be worth above.a, hundred and fifteen Tun of Gold, befides the Musk, Ambergreece, and Bexear with, whichtwo. other Ships were laden, and another rich Prize, | i : This large Ifland Cuba (as we have before obferv’d)' formerly divided into fo many populous Territories, is. now ina manner defolate; for according to the Spaniards Relation to the Admiral Henry Jacobfon Lucifer, when he was before Ha- vana, Cuba had upon it not above fixty thoufand.Perfons inall, in 4mmo1627. But who-ever Reads that which Bifhop Bartholomeo de las Cafas hath written in his Book, (Printed. firft in Sivill inthe Spanish Tongue, and afterwards, with the King of Spain's leave, in French at Antwerp) will, eafily find the reafon, why Cubs and many other Indian Countreys lie fo.defolate ;-and how. fenfible the Indians were of the Spaniards ufage, appears by this following Story, related by the {aid Bifhop, of a (afique call’d Hathuey, who before the Spaniards approach’d his Countrey, Anno 1511. fled from Hifpaniola to. Cuba ; where afterwards he was taken by the Spaniards, and “ condemn’d to beburnt alive with green Wood: whileft he was tying to a Stake, a Francifcan Monk Preach’d to him the Myfteries of the Chriftian Religion, of which he had never heard; and likewife that he fhould afcend up to Heaven if he dy’d in that Belief; but if not, burn perpetually in Hell : Whereupon Hathuey asking the Francifcan, If there were any Spaniards in Heaven? and being told there were, an- {wer'd, I will rather converfe amongst the Devils in Hell, than among/t the Spaniards, whofe Cruelty is fuch, that none can be more miferable than where Spaniards are, Kk 2 Before 335 | ee — > - = 4 —_— | 2 — Mee 2 - = Enea 2 - . aA cs - “ 7 ate : . ; * * ‘ 7 - fr 4 : 4 .? : sa - : h wh i | ¢ i" : ) 4 |» - -* : : : : ‘ A N ri) : \ ry : : ‘ - : - os : ; " ’ | e bd : re. a -_ a AMERICA. Chap. XV. Before we conclude the Defcription of Cuba, it will be material to add fome Paflages of a Letter from Major Smith, Governor of the Ifle of Providence, who was taken there in the Year 1665. which will give light to the knowledge of the pre- fent State, not onely of Cuba, but of fome other parts of America, belonging to the Spaniards ; which is as followeth : — , “$1 dating Co isa very good Ifland, and in it is generally the beft Land, for: fo large a aa ee Countrey, as. I have feenin America, although I have travell’d the maia Conti- Pars. nent in feveral places, and have crofs‘d from the North Sea to the South Sea, as alfo the North fide of Hifpaniola, and moft parts of Jamaica. ek ‘This great Ifland is eafie to be conquer’d, and would make the beft Plantation, befides the prejudice it would be to the Spaniard, and the great advahtage to our Nation, for inftance, Had we the Port and City of Havana, which might in all probability be reduc’d with two Regiments of good Soldiers from Jamaica, carry~ ing with them two or three Sloops or Shallops for Landing Men, fitted with good Armsand other Neceffaries for an Affaule, prefently after-cheir Armado hath pafs'd out of the Indies, which is once in two years, towards the latter part of the Summer, There is good Landing on the Weft fide of the City, where it lies open; and you need fearno Ambufcado’s : but not on the Eaft fide on the Harbor, for there you will be gawl’d by the ftrong Caftle of the Moare , until the City be fecur’d ; bue when that is once taken, you may eafily reduce that Caftle alfo, there being ho danger of their re-taking it, until the next Armado arrives there, which will be al- moft two years, againft which time you will have Planters enough from other of our Iflands; to Manure the Land, and affift the Soldiers in defence thereof: This. once effegted, would utterly ruine che Spaniards, for thefe Reafons: Our Ships lying both here and at Jamaica, would be at all times ready to gather up their fragling Fleet, which it is difficult'to keep imbodied without the help of that'Port of Hae vana, it being impoffible for their great unruly Ships to‘turn up: to Windward from the Bay of Mexico, or Puerto Bello, without feparation ; and on the other fide, to pafs the Gulf of Florida, is for them as impoffible, where they always Rendezvouz, Victual, Water, and provide all things neceflary for their Return into Spat ; after all which they diligently wait for a convenient Seafon of Winds and Weather (be- ing much obferv’d from the Changes of the Moon) when to pafs that dangerous Straight : for to fay truly, the Spaniards are neither very fit for Sea nor Land-Service, excepting fome Officers and Soldiers bred in Flanders for Land-Service, and a few Bifcainers for Sea-Affaits. They are fo fenfible of their Weaknefs, and jealous of their Riches in thofe Parts, that it is very difficult for any ingenious Man toget his Liberty, being once taken, fearing he might give fuch Intelligence, as to be thereby the caufe of their ruine, witnefs their blind-folding of all Strangers, when they pafs their Cities and Caftles, for'they much dread an old Prophecy amongft them, wiz, That within a fhort time the Englith will as freely walk the Streets of Havana, as the Spas niatds now do, which indeed had been eafily perform’d witha third part of the Englifh Army ent to Jamaica, and afar geater advantage to the Nation : for I efteem that Port and Harbor of Havana in the We/?-Indies, equivalent (againft that Nation) to Tangier in the Straights of-Gibraltar ; and if we were at once Mafters of both, it - would without doubt fo ftraiten the Spaniards, as abfolutely to admit_us a freé Trade into theit Ports of America, where they impart our Commodities, and fell them for ten times more than they firft coft in Spain, by reafon of the great plenty of Silver : which Trade would not onely beof infinite advantage to us, but alfo prevent them of their future enflaving of our Nation in Chains as now they do; | for iii ' St James _ St Maries “ \ Hobbios hale : _— 4 oe eee mene we ee ~ ~ o. “~ ~~ = bad} ret ~~. a ~ 7 7 Se eee ee eee ee 2 te a eens ween ethan a ames we ewe eee eee eee rae - : us “ Af A : St Elizabeth : LS tae 4s \4stJohns » . PS oh 7 m2 White Saranna dri = a | ; eee ee ee eee P Fr A b & a) ‘ N ian g b> “4 SEA a: See m= = mn = = ~— —_— = = — —s = — = — —— me a = ~~ = = = = = ‘we & {| Mi, S Noviflana et Accuratiflima \\ ids, ee oe ‘ Wi S*Thomas : Coll Archit - —— —|| |") | Cor. Ls 3 -——_ ——_— es per | Ge as |) ih eae —— A ? i at Hi v im : } = a Y + . aa gaye pos a - \OHANNEM OGILVUIU WK WZ my gf Con The Balled - HA dy Ded — ~ ———— | 3) oe flere hewfé ~ = ~~ oe ee Cap Keene — — — — Coaert — ——— ae -——e— oer >; oo —— —— —— ee gl = ee oe ry Sry pees ~ —— Be — =——_—— TP kR Es f | | i ' : | ——_— _—— \ \ / \ CVE Es BAS Cie ce pe ONT EE - = .— < ee are - ~ - a - - ad Tt - ¥ - —— a —_— _ - — : : oS SS ats ~~ n —— <> ~ $ RO et et - se > ns Pa eee! ae ~— | 7 Chap. XVI. AMERICA. 337 for being employ’d about their Fortifications, they are worfe us’d, all things con- fider’d, than if they were taken by the Turks). |, We oe eel | [ have feen other parts.of the We/t-Indies, where the Spaniards might be fleee’d of confiderable quantities of Riches, as at Panama, where their Silver Bars lic pyl’d up in Heaps in the open Streets Day and Night without Guard for five or fix Moneths together, waiting the arrival of the Armado, which when arriv‘d in Puerto Bello; they Tran{port it thither with fo flendera Guard, for fo great a Treafure, as would be an eafie Prey to a thoufand refolv'd Men (although of extraordinary value for {o {mall a Charge ; ) but here is no refting, nor long. remaining, they being fo numerous (as in all other:places of the main Land) though of great Wealth, and eafily gotten with a Catch and away : But to my purpole, | . This Ifland of Cuba hath adjacent to it great Conveniences of Salt and Fifhing ; and in it are very great plenty of Horfes, Neat, Sheep, and Hogs, both wild and tame, of a far larger and better breed than any other parts of ‘America: It hath alfo many very rich Mines of Copper already open, and is the onely Place that fups ' plies all the We/t-Indies with Metal forthe infinite number of Ordnance they have + all their Ports and Caftles, both in the North and South Seas; but whether. it hath any Mines of Silver or Gold, I know not ; but if there were any fuch, they would not adventure their opening and. difcovery, fearing the Invafion of that Iland, whereunto is fo eafte acce(s by Sea, and of fo great import to their whole Intereft in America: for which reafon alfo they refufe to work any Mines in Flo- rida, that are nigh the North Sea, (although they have there very many) but do ra. ther employ themfelves about others farther up in the Countrey, although with greater Labor and Coft, for conveyance of the Product by Land to Mexico. And — Jaftly, (for ies full, , ae Ifland hath many very good Ports and Harbors of great advantage to Ships, for fafe-paffing the Gulf; and fhould the Spaniards keep three os four Frigats always plying between the Weftern end of Cuba and that of Havana, off and on, it were impoffible for any Ships of ours that came from Jamaica to efcape them ; the Scales turn’d would be their Cafe to all America. Neither wants it great Sugar-works, which have Water-mills and Horfe-mills, and very many large Cocoa Walks, the moft and beft Tobacco: and in fhort, it produceth all other Commodities, that any of our American Iflands have knowledge of. Jamaica. Extect of sn the Sea call’d Mare del Nort; and South from the Ifle of Cuba about fm cwelve Leagues; and Weft from Hifpaniola twenty, in eighteen Degrees of Northern Latitude; and beareth from Rio de Hacha North«Weft, a hundred and fifty Leagues, from Santa Martha North North-Weft, a hundred and thirty five ; from Rio Grande North-Weft, a hundred and thirty ; from Carthagena North, four- teen; from Porto Bello North-Eaft and by North, a hundred and ninety ; from the Bay of Darien, North and by Eaft, a hundred and feventy ; from the Bay of Mexico, a hundred and fifty. It is of Form fomething nearly refembling oval, being in tej length from Eaftto Weft,about fifty four Leagues, or a hundred and feventy Miles ; a ae Kk 3° | from | ] WHe Ifland of Jamaica lieth North from the Southern Continent of America, Sitvitiot and 4 ™ ee A 2 a el a Rag a ; , _ : = = - - _ - * lied — — —_ + - > = — ~ _ a x # — _ — » a ~ - ~~ —d. U — — _ _ J = = = ; - -—- é : - e ll - - ~ r ~~ « = - _ —e he — Pm. . o - * 27 = : : = 9 = _ a = _—— - _ » — a « = d _ > am o * “ - * ~ - = Z — are 7 a _ —— ‘ % - —— » = — ° : - a “ ~#¢ —~ - 4 @ rs * — - —— = = . ua > _ 7 « i al a ~~ < ‘ A > = " m a - - --e —~ : . . a : ~+ — ~ Pp. + =? % es ’ - es - peas - - : —_— —™ = pe m _ = — > - o - —— = rio —> ; — — - —- ‘ — a - —— - = ~~ ee Sa - x — = % - — —— - ~ ——— dont - + _ + ° 4 — a —_ - -: — allied = 7 _ ~ = a = a 2 = * . - = - x =_ — z ~ .— cz *" vo ~~. oge- > - = a + ge a “— —— a = — — v — = ° — ra" « - < - Ll Pn. ~~ el » ee E « - y - — a. ~ ee Pn ~~ = ~~. ’ - E “ , . ~" ~~ 4 - ~ . - a - “ 4 a ane - =~. Saag a eS. ; - ~—- ae bs —_ » - > _ + ~ = —_. = — - . « a —_ = - — “a! t-2 tal - —_i. = par - =" ~ = ee ee oe a ~~ es a _ ee —_ 4 + = + TE a ceeeenteet wus - 4S — : ee = = oe ~~ —— = > > es a _ - —" — -, —_ - oe 338 \ “MERI Chap? XVL from Northto South? in the broadeft and middlemoft part, about three and twenty . Leagues, or feventy Miles over, and fo groweth narrower and narrower towards duck Extream ; in circumference about one hundred and fifty Leagues, or four hundred and fifty Englifh Miles. Se caany, This Ifland is well water’d with Springs and Rivers, and isall over, efpecially | in the Weftern parts, fullof high Hills and Mountains: It is alfo well Wooded . for the North and South parts chiefly abound with talland large Woods: Nor dh there wanting every where Savanas, or Paftures, which are thought to have been » Fields of Indian Maiz, till the Spaniards arriving here, brought in Horfes, Cows, Hogs, and Afinego’s to feed. Zemperature The Air inthis Place is more . temperate, andthe Heat more tolerable, chasis in any of the reft of the Barloventi,by reafon of the cool Breezes which conftanily blow from the Eaft, and the frequency of Showers of Raitiy and refrefhing Dews which — fall in the Night. This is alfo the onely Mfland. of the Barloventi; Which j is not t fabjet to violent Storms and Hurricanes ; and the Difeafes which are predominant here, are onely bred by Intemperance, 4s Surfets, Feavers, and Agnes, or occafion’d by ill Diet or Slothfulnefs. Commodicies "The Commodities of this Ifland are very many ; and firft for Vegetables, the Sugars are fo good, that they now outefell thofe of Barbado’s 5 s. per Cent. Cocoa, of which there are many large"Walks; and greater plenty by improve- ment may eafily be produc’d. '- Tobacco, fo good, that the Merchants give Six pence a Pound for it, aind boys it fafter than the Planters can make it. Indigo is producible in great abundance, if there wefe, Hands fufficient em- | ploy’d about it. The Cotton of this Place isaccounted very firm and fubftantial, and preferr’d ~ before “Shy that grows in the neighboring Iflands. OF ‘Tortoife-fhell there is alfo good ftore, by reafon that much of that fort of Tortoife is taken on this Coaft. Here are alfo great variety of Dye- -woods, as Brafiletto, Fuftwick, Red-wood, a kind of Log-wood, and feveral others, befides divers of thofe that are accounted the moft curious and rich forts of Woods, as Cedar, Mobogeney, Lignum-vite, Ebony, Granadilla, and others, which are Béghintly Expoited. Moreover, there are very probable teftimonies, that there are Mines of Copper here, fince Bok there have. been thofe who afi to have feen the“Oar wrought out of ane of them, and the Spaniards report the Bells that hang in the great Church, to have been Caft out of this Ifland Copper. As for Silver, the Englifh are faid to have been fhew’d a SilversMine behind the Mountains, Wet of Cagtay. Ambergreece the Spaniards report to have been often found on this Coaft. Salt might be made here in great abundance, there being three good Salt-pans ; and Salt-petre hath been found in many Parts. | Ginger is reported to grow better here than in moft of the Caribbee Iflands ; and Cod-pepper very plentifully ; and alfo a certain kind of Spice call’d Piemete, being in the form of Ka/t-India Pepper, of avery aromatical and curious tafte, partaking as it were of divers {pecies together : it grows wild in the Mountains, and is we highly valu’d amongft the Spaniards. Of Drugs and medicinal Plants there is here a very great shrridanicey as Guat cum, (hina-Root, Cafsia-Fiftula, Veuillard, Achiotes, Tamarinds, Contrayerva, Ciperas, Adi- antum Nigrum, Aloes, (ucumis Agreftis, Sumach, Acacia, Miffelto, with feveral others, ‘both Drugs, Balfoms and Gums. Cochinele Chap. XVI. AMERICA, Cochinele is produc’d by a Plant that grows in this Countrey, but it is not made without much care and curiofity, and the Englifh are not yet well experienced in the Husbanding thereof, befides that the Growth of the Plant is much obftructed by Eafterly Winds. (Wa. There is here greater ftore of Cattel than in any of the reft of the Englifh Plan- pts, tations in America, as Horles, which by reafon of the great number of them, are bought very cheap. Cow’s, of a large fize, and of which vaft numbers are yearlykill’d. Afinego’s and Mules, both wild and tame, being a very {erviceable fort of Cattel in thofe Countreys. ALY: Sheep, large and tall; and whofe Fleth is counted exceeding good, but the Fleece worth little. : i ~ «6 774 WE Goats in great abundance, x: a fort of Cattel very peculiar to that Countrey: But of all other Cattel, HogSare here in the greateft plenty, both wild in the Mountains, and tame inthe Plantations; and they are morte in requeft for Food than any of the reft, their Flefh being counted both of a better tellith, and more eas fily digeftible than the Hogsefleth of our Parts, The Fifh that is very plentifully caught in thefe Coafts is of infinite variety, and Fit. quite of another kind from what we have in'this part of the World, the principal whereof is the Tortoife, which is taken in great abundance both on thefe Coafts, and in the Iflands (amavas. | ‘} The tame Fowl in this Place, are chiefly Hens, Turkies, and Ducks ; but of Birds wild Fowl infinite ftore,.as of Guinee Hens, Flamingo’s, Teal, Ducks, Wigeon, Geele, Pigeons, Snipes, Plovers, Parrots, Turtles, Parachites, Machaw’s, with divers others. | ° | Choice and excellent forts of Fruits aré here in great abundance, as Cocao-Nuts, Fruit-Trees Mannes, Maumees, Supatas, Suppotillias, Avocatas,. Lafbuds, PricklesApples, Pattekleé Pinta Pears, Sower-Sops, Cujind-Apples, and many others, For Timber-T'rees, Platanes and Pines. | And for Garden-Herbs, Radith; Lettice, Parfley, Cucumbegsy Melons, ec. The antient Inhabitants us'd two forts of Bread, the one made of ftamp’d Roots, and the other of Corn, which is Reap’d thrice every year, and stows with fuch fuccefs, that one Pint fow’n yieldstwo hundred. | They had a ftrange way to make their Cazari Cakes of the Root Fuca, which keep good a year: They firft prefs’d out the Juice with great Weights, which if drunk raw, occafions fudden Death , but boyl’d, is pallatable and good. Potato’s are here in great abundance, and gtow like Artichokes in a moift Soil, and fhoot forth Leaves of a dark-green Colour, likeSpinage ; they {pread upon the Earth by Stalks, and beara Flowerlike a Bell, at the end of which stows the Seed : the Rootsare generally White, but fometimes Red, Matble-colour’d, Yel- low, and Violet ; they are not onely pleafing to the Pallat, but accounted very wholfom when ftew’d in a clofe cover’d Pot, with a little Water, But much daintier are the Ananas, which grow on a Stalk of a Foot long, furs rounded with fixteen large fharp Leaves, between which grows a Fruit likea Pines Apple, but much bigger, with an uneven Rind, of a pale Green, and inclining toa Carnation on a yellow Ground ; on the top fhoots out a red Bunch of Leaves and Flowers ; the innermoft Pulp melts on the Tongue, and is of fo delicious a tafte, that ic exceeds all other Dainties ; the Seed produces Fruit once. | Of this Fruit there are feveral forts, the chief whereof is accounted a fj pecial Re- medy againft a bad Stomach, Gravel, Poyfon, and Melancholy. 339 The - : f, : ly 4 | 7 tie , au Bice ;| Die, i ee > ~ + = - ia e lh » . ” ’ a * —<_ " - —— ~ - . antl < - wi 7 ad ~ - = = =e — " > = fe - —=as ‘ }— =. - — _ 2 - : : - = “ — ~a — ss . —— rot ao — = = a —*- ‘ a: — a," — — eS er a * “a ~ . —_ = a a -s i__ s«* . ‘ - ~ = = _ ae -— - ad —— b. . = 3 a : —— |S == r * ~ - _ . : = » ss = 7 ~~ —_ - —— ’ - + os > Pe el P —~> = = 4 es. SS =< —_ —= = ; a - - : - ~« beet. — z _ \. A b ~llt atin —_— 7 340 A fort of {enfitive Plant, Ging:r. Cotton Defcription of the Alij- gater, Mufchilli and Marrywings, Ficht Difco. - very of the Tfland. ~ 7 al AMER_IC A. Chap. XVI. ‘The Drink made of Ananas is no way inferior to Malvafia Wine. Here you may obferve a remarkable Secret of Nature in acertain evergreen Plant, which grows either on the Bodies of old Trees, on the Rocks, or in the Woods ; the Stalk whereof furrounded with Leaves, full of dark red Spots, bears a {weer-fmelling Violet-colour’d Flower, the Leaves whereof as foon as touch’d, clofe up together and die, and according as they are held in the Hand a fhorter or longer time, this ftrange alteration continues. v3 7-5 Since the Spaniards planted Ginger on Jamaica, it hath grown there in great.abun- dance ; the Male Plant (for it is divided into Maleand Female) hath, génerally bigger Leaves than the Female ; the Stalks, which are without Knots, have more Leaves upwards than downwards, and {preads along the Earth, fill take Rooe anew ; when the Leaves wither, then the Ginger is commonly ripe, but! itshath not that poinancy whileft green as when dry’d. ©) oy) Sp dy tes The’ Cotton of this Mand (of which the Clothes and Hammocks that aremade, © are vended in moft parts of the Weftern World) grows on a Tree of equal heighth with a Peach-Tree,with a ftraight Stem or Body, out of which fhoor Boughs of an equal length, and at equal diftance , between the Leaves, which are natrow and long, grow red Flowers, and from them, oval Cods, which when ripe,“ inclofe the Cotton, and a Seed like Pepper. AiegtSO SULTON F id i3itonE tot ieyp Of hurtful Creatures here, befides the Manchonele, and a fort of Snakes call’d Guaana’s, wherein ’tis thought there is little or nothing of a poyfonous quality; - the moft obfervable is the Alligator, with which many Rivers and Ponds abound ; it isa very voracious Creature, but is feldom known to prey upon a Man, it moves {wiftly and ftrongly forward, but turns flow; the biggeft of them areabouttwenty Foot long, their Backs fcaly and impemetrable, fo that they are hardly kill’d but in the Belly or Eye; they have four Feet or Fins, with which they go or fwim indifs ferently ; are obferv’d to make nokind of noife ; their ufual courfe for getting their Prey, is to lie on their Backs as'dead, then with a fudden onlet to furprize what-ever Fowl or Beaft comes fearlefly near them ; the beft caution othet Crea- tures have of them is from the ftrong f{mell that flows from theit Bodies : to re- quite the harm done by them, they have fomething of vertue, for the Fat or Oyl of their Bodies hath been experienc’d to be an admirable Ointment for all kinds of Pains and Aches; they Lay Eggs no bigger thana Turkies by the Water fide, ftill covering them with Sand, which heated by the Sun-beams, hatcheth the young ones, who naturally creep into the Water. 7 In fome parts of the Countrey there are alfoa fort of ftinging Flies, call’d Mu/s chilli and Merrywings, but the Englifh Quarters are little infefted by them. Hugh Linfchot writes, That the antient Natives of this Place were a fubtile and fharp-witted People, skilful in Handicrafts, and expert in warlike Affairs, above all the Americans befides. The Ifland was difcover’d by the Spaniards under the Condu& of Columbus, who firft built there the Town of Melilla, which difliking, he remov'd again to Oriftana,, and finding that an incommodious and unhealthy Situation, he-remov'd again to another Plantation, where he built a very fair Town, firft call’d Sevilla, afterwards St: Jago de'la Vega; confifting of about feventeen hundred Houfes, two Churches,two Chappels, and an Abbey, being the chief, if not the onely Seat of the Spaniards be- fore the arrival of the Englifh, for their Eftanchas, ot {mall Plantations, »were com- mitted wholly to the cuftody of their Slaves. | 3 Diego, the Son of Chriftopher Colonts, (or, as he is vulgarly call’d, Columbus) was the firft that was conftituted Governor of this Ifland, and fent Juan de: Squibello em : ‘Commans 341 ‘ ’, ——. oa (Z ia Ww? oe aoe mei 4 — Commander, who upon their firft arrival here committed fiuch horrid Cruelties and Maflacres, that (as the fore-mention’d Bartholomeo de las Cafas writes) five thou- fand Inhabitants were in a fhort time reduc’d to lefs than three hundred, multitudes being put to death in a moft inhumane and barbarous manner, fome-roatted alive, others torn in pieces by the Spanifh Dogs, befides many other:ftudied ways of But- chery, too dreadful to be read with patience; nor were they free from Civil War amongft themfelves, which firft began in this Ifland. The firftand onely Attempters upon this Ifland fince the Spaniards made thems gear felves Mafters thereof, have been the Englifh, who in the Year 1592. under the Cons upon, this duct of Sir Anthony Shirley Landed upon it, & got clear pofleffion thereof,none of the Spanigrds that. were then upon the Placedaring to make the leaft refiftance ; butnot thinking it worth the keeping, they foon deferted ir, and made Sail back again for England : after which they remain’d unmolefted for a long time, till in the Yeat 1654. a Fleet of Englifh was fet out for Hiifpaniola by Cromwell, under the Command of Colonel Venables, witha Defign for the taking of St. Domingo; but meeting with | ill fuccefs in the Enterprize, and being forc’d to quit that Iland with lofs of Men, and fruftration of their hopes, they fteer’d their Courfe for Jamaica, and on the tenth of May in the Year abovefaid, with little oppofition poflefs’d themfelves of it. bon their approach to St. Jago the Inhabitants thereof deferted it, and betook them to the Mountains, gaining time by a pretence of Treaty, to fecure their Wo- sen and Goods; and oftentimes making Incurfions upon the ftragling Parties of the Englifh, flew and took many Prifoners by furptize: but being weary of this gild and irregular kind of living, they betake themfelves at laft co the Ifle of Cuba, Where many of them, the:Grandees-efpecially, were permitted’ by favour to con- tinue, the reft being by the Vice-Roy commanded back, with promife of {peedy und confiderable Supplies; by that timethis remnant of the Spaniards was near tyr’d out with hardfhip and neceffity, {ome being very much difcourag’d and driven th utter de{pondence of Mind, others deftroy’d out-right, pattof the long promis’d aind expected Supply arrives, the greateft part being to follow foon after; but finding AMERICA. ' Chap. XVI. finding the Iflanders fo few in number, and in fo fickly and neceffitous an Eftate, they would not joyn with them, but maugre all che Governor's Perf{fwafions or Commands, retreat to the North part of the Ifland, and there-fortifie at.a place call’d Chireras, expecting every day frefh Recruits; which not coming time enough, and their Quarters being difcover’d, they were fet upon by the Bnglish, and mot of them either flain or taken Prifoners: not many Moneths’after the reft of the Spanish Forces Land, being in all about thirty Companies, with Ordnance /and good ftore of Ammunition ; who falling prefently to make ftrong~ Fortificas tions at Rio Novo, are neverthelefs in a fhort time utterly defeated by: the English : Upon which, and feveral other ill Succefles, defpairing to resgain the Ifland, they Ship off their Women and the richeft of their Goods; and the Negro Slaves grown Mafterlefs, by the general either flaughter or departure of their ‘Pa- trons, fhake off their Obedience to the Spaniards, and conftitutea Governor of their own,.a Black, yet fubmit themfelves, and own Subjection to the English Govern. ment, the Spaniards from Cuba, both by their Perfwafions and monethly Contri- butions, in vain endeavoring to reduce them; onely fome few there were that ftood out, whom the reft not onely made ittheir bufinefs rodifcover, but help’d the Eng. lishto take them, infomuch that at laft the Spanish General not having above fifty Men left him, was fore’d to feek for Peace, and offer’'d Terms of Accommodation : which the English General would not be drawn to accept of, unlefs upon Condi- tion that he fhould deliver up to Jufticeas many as were left of thofe that had barbaroufly murder’d any of our Men, either in time of Treaty, or after Quartet iven. . : The Englifh in this Mand are fetled for above a hundred Miles along the Coun. trey from the Eaftward. : aay Chit Tow. "Their chief Towns are 1. St. Jago, (built by the Spaniards, as aforé.mention’d) which lieth fix Miles within the Land, North-Weft from the Harbor\of Cagway. Here the English have built a {mall Fort. | 7 2. Paffage, afmall Town, built alfo by the Buglish fix Miles from Sr. Fz the convenience of going to Cagway, confifting of about fifty Houfes and whence crofs this Harbor , about three Leagues diftant is the’ Town of 3. Cagway, feated on the Extream end of the Point,containing in it above fix hundred Haufes, all built by the English, befides the Governor’s Palace , and the Houfés wherd the Stores for the Army are kept. aT me This is counted the moft healthful Place in all the land, andthe very Scal¢ of Trade, where all Merchants, Strangers, and Sailors refide. = Here, upon the utmoft Angle of the Point towards the Sea, is a round Tower, built of Lime and Stone; about which is rais’d aftrong and regular Fort, contain ing fixty pieces of Ordnance. 7 ge rorRyat- This Town is now call’d Port Royal, and is thought to contain about fixtecen thoufand Inhabitants. | | _—_— —_ e _ a har a ’ = rie = ——— - -_ a 7 as . : i ne - « a : — > x sa5 a oS? = * -. —s — _ See - - on B, = a s . = - = ~ - ~~» +s ~ ~ _ = “ - 7 > + - — - - “a + — ? — " ™ _ 4 ‘ t= — —— —— . ? ~*~ = - -, ~ Z " Me - - oo i > bo y= ~— - - «AST see ; = - — = 7D 2 - Landward. A Mile from hence is another Fort, call’d Landward, which runs from the Hat- bor to the Sea, to defend the Town from any Attempt by Land. a ae Off the Mouth of the Harbor towards the Sea, lie divers {mall Iflands, the mo\ft Weftern of which being within half a League of the Fort, and between whic/h and the Fort every Ship that comes into the Harbor is neceffitated to pafs: Iciis Little Ifland, call’d Little Ifland ; where a Fort is likewife rais’d, to defend the Mouth of the Hake — - ' 7. tne —— a : bor, containing eight pieces of Ordnance. | Another Fortification is at Portmorant, which we fhall make mention of among, the Harbors. asa oa : if he Chap. XVI. AMERICA. The chief Harbors of this IMand, are 1. Port Anthony, on the North, avery fafe Land-lock’d Harbor, onely the coming in is fomewhat difficult, the Channel being narrow'd by a little Hland that lies off the Mouth of the Port. ~ 2. Onthe Eaft of the Ifland is Portmorant, a very capacious Harbor, where Ships do conveniently Wood and Water, and Ride {afe from all Winds. 3- On the South is Port Cagway, a Harbor wonderfully convenient, fecure and capacious, being five Leagues over in fome places, in others four, and atthe nate rowelt, three; itis Land-lock’d by a Point of Land that runs twelve Miles Southe Welt from the Main of the Ifland, having the great River that comes by Los Angelos, and St. Jago running into it, and divers Springs about it, where Ships do conveni+ ently Woodand Water. Here is every where good Anchorage, the Road being fo deep, that a Ship of a thoufand Tun may lay his fides to the Shore of the Point, and load and unload with Planks afloat. | 4. On the Weft is Point Megrill, a Port very convenient and’ fecure ; to Wind- ward from which, a little North-Weft, is the Seat of the old Town of Melilla, founded by Columbus, as afore mention’d. det The chief Plantations of this Ifland, are 1. Portmorant, above the Harbor be- fore mention’d, and by the two Rivers that run into it. Here are good Plantatie ons of Sugars, Cottons, Tobacco’s, ec. 2. Hence about ten Miles lieth Morant, where a thoufand Acres of Land have been taken up for my Lord Willoughby, and a Company of Merchants, 3. Hence farther Leeward lieth Yalow, having good Plantations of Cotton, To- bacco, and other Provifions, excellent Savana’s, and fomeftore of tame Cattel. 4. Thirty Miles hence, onthe North fide of Cagway is Ligonce, where are excel- lent Plantations of Sugar, Cotton, and Tobacco, very pleafant Savana’s, and fome ftore of wild Cartel. 5. Twenty Miles farther Weft, nines Miles from the Harbor of (aeway, is Los Angelos, having fome Plantations of Sugar, Cacao, and Tobacco, all which were old Spanish Plantations, and are lefs confiderable than thofe made by the English in other places. 6. Eight Miles from hence, North-Weft, is Guanaboa, where likewife were ome Spanish Plantations, fince improv'd by the English, who have very many excellent Plantations of Sugar, Cacao, &c. ; 7 7. Hence Weft South- Weft lieth Guatabacoa, a moft pleafant rich and fertile pare of the Countrey, abounding with Cattel, and excellent Savana’s. Here the Negro’s fetled that revolted from the Spaniards, who are endeavouring to make fome Plane tations of Tobacco’s and Provifions, and with them are ferled fome few English, who have divers Walks of Cacao. The feveral Governors of this Ifland fince the taking of it by the Englifh, are as followeth : General Robert Venables ftaid upon the Place about three Moneths af- ter the taking of it, and at his coming away for Bugland he left the chief Command to Major General Richard Forte/cue, who liv’d Governor about three Moneths ; af- ter which Lieutenant General Edward Doyly was by the Army elected Prefident , but upon his coming away foon after for England; Lieutenant General William Brain was fent over Governor in his room ; who living in the Government about three quare ters of a year, did asit were bequeathe it again to Doyly, for he was chofen by ver- tue of a Blank Commiffion, wherein Brain had inferted his Name whom he would have fucceed, and remain’d Commander in Chief both by Land and Sea till His Majefty’s Reftauration, and then by His Majefty’s Letters Patents was confirm’d in the Government, and fo was the firft that was Governor there for His Majefty : The 343 Chief Ports and Harbors. The fevera]™ Governors of the Englifh in Jamaica, ; . a : 7 344 AMERICA. Chap. XVII. The next that fucceeded was the Lord Windfor, upon whofe coming away Sir Tho. mas Muddiford was {ent Governor, and after him Sir Thomas Linch, who remains Governor at prefent. — SELL EAE EEE es CEE EEE E TEE EE Ee YET E TESS CHAP. XVIL The IMands call’d the Lucaies. ic Aving done with the four Iflands of Barlovento, as they are term’d, viz. Hit- cftheLwcaies Ph (paniola, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Jamaica, we come next tothe Lucaies, fo call’d, as fome think, from Lucaioneque, one of the biggeft ofthem ; they lie over againft Florida, Weftward from the Bermudas, South- Weft and North of Hispaniola, and the reft of the Barloventi ; and becaufe they are but {mall ones, and lie fo near the Continent, Geographers fometimes defcribé them asa part, or appertaining to the Continent. The chiefeft of thefe Iflands are Lucatoneque afore-mention’d,Babama, and Guanahani , Lucaioneque is accounted the biggeft of them all, and lieth in twenty feven Degrees between Bahama and Guanabani. Babama lies neareft to the Coaft of Florida, and gives Name to the Straights fo call’d, which rua between the Cape of Florida and it, with fuch a violent Courfe and Torrent, that although it be above fixteen Miles broad, yet many times neither Wind nor Oars, can prevail againft it ; that though the Winds be profperous, Ships cannot enter it; and if it be crofs, they go with the Current ; yet thofe Straights the Spanifh Fleet muft pafs in their Return from the Havana towards Spain. Guanahani was the firft piece of American Ground difcover’d by Chriftopher Columbus, and therefore by him call’d San Salvador, ot St. Sa- yiour, becaufe that thereby he was deliver’d from the mutinous rage of the Sea- men, who threatned co throw him over-board, ifthey difcover’d not Land in fuch atime. There are befides a number of {mall Ifles fcatter’d up and down, which are generally comprehended inthe number of the Lucaies ; one is Little Ifland, encom- pafs'd with a company of Shelves call’d the Bimini, fo that it is hardly acceffible : there goes a Tradition, that it hath been inhabited by very beautiful Women, the fame of whom drew many to attempt to Land there and takeup their Habitation ; in which Attempt many were caft away : There is faid to be a Fountain in the midft of it, of fuch a Vertue, that whofoever drank of the Waters of it, had their Youth renew’d. Alfo three Iflands, or rather Rocks, call’d Los Martyres, lying to the South-Eaft of Cape Florida, and cover’d for the moft part with a whitifh Sand anda few Bufhes growing on them : they feem at a diftanceto-bear a refemblance of Men, impal’d, or bound to Stakes, as the Martyrs in the primitive Times ufue ally were, which occafion’d the Spaniards fo to Namethem, “tis very dangerous to come toonear them, but to have fight of them is of great ufe to Men at Sea ; for by pafling thefe Rocks, and leaving them on the South-Eaft, they certainly know, that they are now entred the Straights of Bahama, that is, that they have left the Ocean, and_are fall’n in amongft thofe many IMlands, which,do, as it were, Bartacado and Block up the Egftern Coafts of America, towards Nombre de Dios and Terra Firma, as they call it, through which the Continent is fometimes dangerous, by reafon of con- trary Winds; and always fuch, that it requires the skill and care of an experiencd Pilot to conduét the Ships well thither. The reft are Abacoa, twelve Leagues long ; Yuma, twenty Leagues in length, andeight in breadth, between twenty four and twenty Chap. XVIII. AMER 2. 34.5 twenty five Degrees Yumeata, fifteen Leagues inilength, between twenty three and cwenty four Degrees ; Jamana,feven Leagues every way ; Yabague, cen Leagues like- wife, and lying becween twenty two and twenty thice Degrees ; Magaguana, twenty Leagues long, and ten broad ; Quagua, ten Lédgues every way, and lying between twenty and one and twenty Degrees ; (aycos,: five Leagues, in length, and in the one and twentieth Degree ; Mackre, in the twentieth Degree, encompafs’d with Shelves; Abreo, environ’d alfo with Shelves, and fifteen Leagues long 5. alfo Guas tao, Cigateo, Guanima, Jabaka, Triangulo, and feveral others. On thefe Iflands are ‘no Inhabitants; thole that did live there were a harmlefs [eiacn" fimple People, and therefore the eafier taken and carried-away by the Spaniardsthat bY ie SP have made them fo defolate: Many of them feem of a good Mold, and the Latie tude promifeth much fertility. The Air is certainly good and wholfom, and not fo extream hot as other Parts of thatheighth. There is fearce any Beaft on them, fave a Coney that hath a Tail like a Rat, but Pigeons and other Birds in great numbers. | There is the Gum Benjoin, of the beft and work fort; Guaiacum, Safaparilla, and Saffafras ; and on fome of them Red-wood and Ambergreece, : Our Englifh Sea-men are little acquainted with chefe, Iflands, though they Sail round them yearly. | | In thetime of the Rebellion one Captain Sail and others, obtain’d a Patent, mae Faglife Lan« ing upon king thither on the Coaft ofan Ifland, which was call’d MWutheria ; his Ship was *™. wrackt, but the People recover’d the Shore with a few Neceffaries. _ The Coafts of mioft of them aredangerous,and bad to make, and that Ship that fhall bé near or amongft them, muft keep the Lead always going ; but with a wary Pilot, and care in giving the Iflandsa fair Birth, they are eafily recover'd. The Spaniards know this Place well, and have a yearly Trade thither for the aforefaid Commodities,and amongft the Iflands are Wracks of divers of their Ships, “PRREPERESRAEREERES RELREERRERESEREEEEE ESS SeLes CHAP. XVIII. The Caribby Iflands, : ain Caribbee Iflands, as they are generally call’d, are a Row or Ridge, as it seiition and were, of leffer Iflands, which extend themfelves almoft in fafhion ofa F275, Bowe, from the Coaft of Paria as far as St. John de Porto Rico ; they are ty otherwife call’d The-Caraibes, fometimes The Camercanes, and by fome The Iflands of Cannibals, or Man-eaters, (though this Appellation cannot in reality be more appro- ptiated to thefe Iflands, than to many other, either Iflands, or Parts of the Contis nent of America; ). laftly, whereas all the Iands between Florida and New Spain,and Southern America, ave by fome comprehended all under the Name of The Antilles ; yet the Caribbees and the Antilles are moft generally, and, we conceive, moft pro- perly accounted the fame; and they are fo call’d, either as lying like a Bar before the greater Iflands, or Quaft Ant-I/les, i. €. Oppofites Ifles ; they lie all under the Torrid Zone, between the eleventh and nineteenth Degrees of Northern Latitude, and are twenty eight in number: butbefore we cometo treat of each of them in particu. lar, we fhall cake notice of the moft obfervable of thofe things wh ich are common to them all in general, LI The —— — = a a Tt. _ - - -— . * — _ . - - oe ~ - - ; ee ee a 7x Pe ge ae lg ~ _ ° — __* _ pa ame Ln see _—=.- 1+? eX ’ a. ‘ae , = = i — a a a =~ = i — a © - — rn —| + ae ee. 4 oe To 8 Seez — + i a 34.6 | AMERICA. Chap. XVIII. Fenp:rature "The Air of all thefe Iflands is ofa good temperature and healthy, and the Heat not fo exceffive in them at any time of the year, as might be conjectur’d from-their Situation under the Torrid Zone, by reafon of a gentle Eaft Wind, which rifing in the Morning, continues moft commonly till towards the Evening, allaying the fcorch- ing heat of the Sun, and refrefhing the Air; but the Nights are. commonly very cold; and it is obfervable, that by how much the hotter any Day hath been, fo much the colder the Night following happens to be, whereof this reafon is given, That the Vapors rais‘d in the Day-time by the Sun, and falling down condens’d at Night, do very much cool the Air; butit is never fo cold as to Freeze.’ - For half a year together Day and Night are equal in thefe Parts, and the reft of the Year the Day fourteen hours long, and the Night ten. From April to December there commonly fall here great Rains, andall that Seafon is accounted Winter, and the Drought and Heat of the other Moneths is taken for Summer ; but the Woods of thefe Parts looking ever green, make as it were con- tinual Summer. vee ine'soi Whe Soil is generally’as fertile as in moft places of Europe, and each Ifland’ fur- nifh’d with fair Rivers, Brooks, Lakes, Springs, Wells, and other Sources of frefh Water, befides in many places Mineral Waters, which are us’d with good fuccefs in the cure of feveral Difeafes ; alfo out of fome Mountains ftore of Brimftone is digg’d,and it is conjectur’d that there are not wanting Mines of Gold and Silver, if they were well look’d after , and there hath been often found Cryftal upon the Sands by Rivers fides. | ! mata 2 he Vine, though wild, and naturally growing in the Woods, yet yields a very nes’ Care large fair Grape ; and thofe which are cultivated in their Gardens ot Vineyards, bear excellent Grapes twice 4 year, but very little Wine is made of them, in regard they find it will keep but very few days. toga, © Wheat in the (aribbees grows up no farther than the Blade, and the reafon is mes, judg’d to be, becaufe through the rankne(fs of the Soil,and for want of Winter, this Grain {prings up faft, and hath not fubftance enough left inthe Root to fupply it up to maturity ; but no doubt but Barley, Rye, and thofe other Grains, to the ripes ning of which more Heat is requir’d; would thrive there very well. Befides Lemmon-Trees, Orange-Trees, Citrons, and Pomegranates, and other Fruit-T'rees growing in Europe, there are very many forts of Trees, Herbs, Pulte, and other Plants, of a different kind from thofe amongft us, and peculiar for che moft part to thefe Iflands. | FruiTrees: Of Fruit-Trees; the moft obfervable are the Goyavier, fomewhat refembling the Laurel, onely having a fofter Leaf; and of a brighter Green ; sits Eruit about the bignefs of a Pearmain, but full of little Kernels like a Pomegranate. \ The Papayer, which is of two kinds, one generally growing in all the Iflands, the other proper to SantaCrux; the firft hath a Leaf not much unlike that of the Fig- Tree, and the other bears a Fruit about the bignefs of a Melon, which by the Por- tuguefe is call’d Mamao, from its refemblance of a Womans Breaft : the Tree is hol- low and {pungy within, and grows up fometimes to the heighth of twenty Foot. The Monick, call’d by the Manders Corfot, from the Name of an Ifland from whence the Seeds were firft brought by the Dutch, and bearing a Fruit like a {mall Cucumber not perfeétly ripe. r ~The Funipa, or Jenipa, by the Portuguefe call’d Fenipapo ; and by the Brafilians, Fenis paba ; having Leaves like thofe of the Walnut-Tree, Flowers like the Narciffus, and a Fruit like a bak’d Apple, which when it falls from the Tree makes a noife like the Report of a Gun difcharg’d, which is faid'to proceed from the burfting ve fe, forth Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 4. 34.7 . forth of the Seed out of the thin Skin enclofing it, and breaking with a violence ; the Juice of it Dyes of a Violet-colour, and the Swine and Birds that feed upon ir, are {aid to have their Flefh and Fat of the fame colour. | | A fort of Vine commonly call’d The Raifin-Tree, and by the Caribbeeans, Ouliem , whofe Fruit being like a large Violet-colour'd Grape, hath in ftead of the feveral (mall Grain-ftones which are inclos’d in the Husks of common Grapes, one hard Stone, like that of a Plumb. The Acajou, bearing for Fruit a kind of Chefnut, in form of a Hares Kidney, which ferves for a Creft.to a very fair Apple that by degrees grows under it, of which the Iflanders make a Drink, very much in efteem amongft them, being of an excellent tafte. . The Icaco, a kind-of {mail Plumb-Tree, fo much coveted, and held for a Delis cacy by fome People that live nearthe Gulf of Hondures, that they are from thence call’d Icacos. tly | The Monbain, which Fruit being a kind of yellowifh Plumb, is chiefly made ufe of to mix in the Drinks of Oaicon and Maby, to make them tafte the better. The Courbury is by fome reckon’d to be but a {pecies of the Monbdain, onely more full of Leaves, and growing higher and bigger ; but che Fruit of the Courbury is fuf ficiently different from that of the Monbain. The Indian Fig-Tree, differing in Leaf from the common Fig-Tree, but whofe Fruit both in figure and tafte is not much unlike the Fig growing in thefe Parts : This Tree is commonly of fucha vaft Bulk, that the Branches of fome of them have been feen to afford fhelter to two hundred Men. “A kind of Service-Tree, differing from ours, by its exceeding heighth, fair Leaves, and pleafant Fruit. pal | The Prickly or Thorny Palm, fo call’d from its, being atm’d all over with Prickles, both Trunk and Leaves ; by incifion into its Branches a fort of Wine is made; and it is conjeétur’d to be the fame Tree which the Brafilians call Ayry. The Franc-Palm, an exceeding high and ftreight Tree, bearing on the top of its Trunk a whitifh marrowy fubftance, by the French call’d Chonde Palmijte, or Palm-Cabbage ; for being boyl’d with the thin Leaves that incircle ir, and well leas fon’d, itis reckon’d amongft the Delicacies of the Carsbbees. Latanier, another kind of Palm; and Cocoa, which is alfo reckon’d amongft the {e- veral forts of Palms, this laft is a Fruit-Tree famous all over America, and hath been at large defcrib’d elfewhere. tigian There are alfo many other Trees fit for Dying, Joyners Work, and Building, (befides the Acajou before mention’d, of the fingle Trunks whereof are made thofe long Shallops call’dPyrages, which are able to carry fifty Men) as The Acomas, of the fame bulk and heighth with the Acajon, and equally efteem’d by Joyners and Carpenters, and of the Fruit whereof the Woodquilts grow fat at a certain time of the year. The Rofeewood, to be rank’damong@t the thiefeft of thofe Trees that are made ufe of by Work-men. | Indian Wood, avery precious and ufeful Tree for feveral forts of Materials, and of a very fine {cent. | | The Itan-Wood, fo call’d from its hardnefs, weight and folidity, above all that meriste been fpoken of, and beyond either Cyprefs or Cedar for incorrupti- ility. yc BrafileeWood, fo call’d as growing moft plentifully in Brafile, | Yellow-Wood, denominated from its Colour, and much efteem’d for its ufefulnefs Ll 2z in” -—- 343 AMERICA. Chap. XVIII. in Dying green Ebony, eafily taking the luftre of the true Ebony, and being very ufeful for the making of Cabinets and other curious Pieces of Work ; It alfo Dyes of avery fair Grafs-green, ; | > bit The Roncon, by the Brafilians call’d Urnex, in the Husks, fucceeding the Flowers whereof, which grow in little Buthes at the end of the Branches, is enclos’d a mot tich Vermilion Dye, of a very foft and vifcous Matter. | Here are allo many other Trees, either ufeful-in Medieine, or other ways ad. vantageous, as the Cafia-Tree, of the bignefsand figure of a Peach-Tree ; the long Pipes or Cods whereof, containing the Medicinal Fruit, are well known amongft us by the Name of Cafsia-Fiftula, and to be had at every Apothecaries. Medicinal Nuts,each Nut containing three or four Stones in fo many Cells,every one of which is inclos’d within a thin white Pellicle, pleafant enough to the tafte, and out of which is extracted an Oyl, us’d by the Portugue/e in feveral both Culina. rie and Phyfical occafions. i The Cinamon-Tree, fo noted for its aromatick Bark ; alfo Sandal-Wood, Guaia- cum, and Saffafras. Cotton-Tree and Soap-Tree, whofe Ufes the very Names imply, and which Trees have beentouch’d upon elfewhere. | The arch’d Indian Fig-Trée, the Bodies of which Trees have been antiently the {culking Holes and Retreats of the Inhabitants from cheir Enemies; the Bark is ufeful for Tanners. | a The Gourd-Tree, of the bignefs and heighth of a great Apple-Tree,and of which are made moft of the Honfhold Veffels and Utenfils, which are in common ufe at prefent amongft the Inhabitants. . The Mahot-Tree, of the Bark of whichare made Lacesand Points. The Manyoc, or Mandioque, of whofe Root the Caffava Bread is made, and which growing in feveral places of America,hath been already taken notice of ; as likewife the Banana»T ree, and that call’d The Apple-Tree of Paradice, otherwife Adam's FigeTree, the Fruit being reported to be of a very delicious tafte. ze. Other Trees not known in Europe, are the Mapo/u, divers kinds of Thorny Wood, the Milky Tree, being of a venomous quality, the Mancenilier, and that whofe Root beaten to Powder, and thrown into Rivers, intoxicates the Fifh, with feveral others of lefs note. | Innumerable forts of Shrubs might here in like manner be reckon’d up, but the chiefeft are, That remarkable Plant, anciently known by the Name of Ricinus, and commended for its Vertues by Galen and Diofcorides. - | Coral-Wood, fo call’d from its little Seeds, which being as redas any Coral, are usd for Bracelets. | The Ja/min, bearing a Flower of an admirable {weet {cent. The Candle-Wood, fo call’d from its combuftiblenefs, by reafon of an aromatick Gum which is within. {ala The Herbs, Flowers, Roots, and Pulfe:which grow here, are fome of them coms monamall parts of Europe, as Cabbages, Onions, Chibols, Melons, all: forts of Millets, Cucumbers, Cicruls, Parfnips, ec. i Others, if not peculiar to this Ifland, yet growing chiefly'there, and in fome - few parts of America befides, as the Raquettes, fo call’d from the refemblance its Leaves have witha Racket, a thorny-{preading Buth, whofe Fruit being of a Ver- milion colour, makes the Urine of thofe that eat of it as red as Blood, Some liken this Plant to the Tunas, already deferib’d, which yields that rich Scarlet Dye call’d Cochinele. Pb ) | The Chap. XVIL et MER EOCA The Torch, fo call’d by the European Inhabitants; by the Native Iflanders, Akou- lero; agreat Thiftle, or thorny Bufh, putting forth from the middle of it long freight Stalks like Torches, and bearing Fruit like a great Fig, not unpleafing to the tafte. ~ The Lienes, creeping upon the Earth, and {preading up and down like Ropes, and bearing brown Husks of a Foot long, wherein are enclos’d a Fruit call’d Seas Cheftnuts of which are made Boxes to keep Snufh, Tobacco, or the like. A fort of Sempervivum, which runs twifting upon Rocks, bebe of old Trees; like Miffeltoe, and fometimes on the Ground. A fort of fenfitive Plant, call’d by the Inhabitants Aizefiel, or The Living Herb ; of which kind‘of Plant fbincrhing hath been already touch’d upon, and which bes ing tran{planted, is kept in feveral Gardens of the Curiofi as a Ratity. The Sweet-Rufh, whofe {mall Root dty'd; and reduc’dto merrdtr; , helps Women in Travail. The Balifier, whofe Leafapply’d, mollifies and cools inisialdnaisone of Wounds. The Dart-Herb, whofe Root bitiig d and apply’d, draws away the Venom of empoyfon’d Darts, befides Scolopendria, a fort of Albee feveral kinds of Maiden. hair, and other ried Gival Herbs. The Granadilla, or Pafsion-Flower, brian in feveral other parts of America, and defcrib’d elfewhere. There is alfo a fort of Peafe in psi of thefe Iflands, differing from ours, and call’d The Peale of Angola, as firft brought from thence. Likewife a fort of Beans © call’d The Seven-years Beans, by reafon the fame Stalk bears feven y¢ars one after another. The Herb call’d The Musk-Elerb, from the daily “aleuk afi its Flower, and the fweet {cent of the Seed, grows alfo in thefe Parts very frequent. ~The Pyman, or American Pepper, is the fame with that before defcrib’d under the Name of Axi. Their Potatoe is a Root not unlike the Toptharibous, ot Jerufalem: Artichokes, other- wife call’d Saligots, aati: plentifully in our Gardens, “but more wholfome, and of a better tafte. The Anana’s, or Pin- Apple, accourited a moft delicious Pai of an admirable fweet f{cent, and verypleafant to behold, grow not onely plentifally” in thefe ‘Iflands, bitin intott places of America ; befides the ‘Sugat Caties here, and in many other places, but not fo generally. © The Plant from which is got the Dying Material call’d Indico, is wléry different from that which grows itt Madaga/car, which bears {mall odoriferous Flowers, of a white and purple Colour mix’d together. | Of thefe Trees, Herbs, and other Plants, which are pied d in thefe Caribbee Iflands, fome'are more peculiarly of the Growth of one Ifland, fome of another ; fo . that we fhall have occafion to {peak more largely of fome of chien. when we come to {peak of each Ifland in particular. ~ - The four-footed Beafts found in thefe Iflands, are chiefly the Opaffum, the Javaris, the’ Tatan, the Agouty; and the Musk-Rat, which beidy all of them no lefs known in other Parts of the New World, have been already taken notice of, and of which we may havealfo occafion’ to treat more at large’ ‘in the sivdeubit Iflands, we fhall . therefore onely name'thie other Animals, whéchtr'Birds,Reptiles, Infects, or Fifhes, as partly having been heretofore treated of, arid partly to be defcrib’d tlevexfeer, The Birds are, the Fregates, Faives, Crav- -fowl, ot Grandgawfiers, Flammans, Swallows of America, Arras, Canides, Parrots, Parvogiity s,° Trembld’s, Sparrows of “Amerita,' Eagles LI 3 of 349 ss . ee a ee —" =. — — = ~ —_— _ " a ” —_ wo | Meta : : - 7 } '? ‘ 4 - : ' : ; : i 4 sd is - ‘ a] , “y | ¥ — _ Ls 2 = _ . = ~-_— - = <= . a. * + ~ ea ee ee = Pal “~~ ** = _ = A - Reptiles, Infects, Fifhes, Defcription of the Sea- Unicorn, of MERIC te Chap. XVIII. of Orinoca, Manftenys, Colibrys, befides what are common amongftus, as Herons, Coots, or Moor-hens, Black-birds, Feldivars, Thrujhes, Turtles, Woodquifts, Pintado's, Sc. The Reptiles are, Anotis, Zoquets, and Maboujats (of which farther mention will occur inthe Ifle of St. (hriftopher) Globesmouches ,nam’d by the Caribbecans,Oulleouma, Scorpions, and feveral forts of Lizards, call’d by the Caribbeeans, Quamayaca ; by the Brajilians, Senembi ; and by other Indians, Jaquanas. — | , The Infeéts are, befides thefe common with us, as Glow-worms, Palmer-worms, Spi- ders, Bees, &c. the Cucnyos, mention’d in.tifpaniola, and the Flying Tyger. Llane. The Fifhes are, Sea-Parrots, thie Dorada, by fome call’d The Sea-Bream, by others The Amber-fifh ; the Bonite, the Needle-fifh, the Epadon, or Sword-fifh, the Marfovin, the Requiem, the Remora, the Laisantin, the Becune, the Sea-Urchin, the Sea+Woodcock, be- fides Whales, and a cettan Fith call’d, for its hideous fhape, The SeasDevil, and laftly, the Sea-Unicorn, with a particular Defcription of which we. fhall conclude, as ha- ving it from Monfieur du Montel, who was an Eye-witnefsthereof. _ “ This Unicorn (faith he) was purfuing a Carangue, or fome other Jeffer Fifh, with ** {uch earneftnels and impetuoficy,. that not confidering that it meeded.a greater “ depth of Water than the other, it ftuck with halfthe Body dry .on-a Sand-bank, - ‘* whence it could not récover the deeper Waters ere it was deftroy’d by the Inha« “bitants: It was about eighteen Foot in length, being at the largeft part of its “© Body about the bignefs of a Barrel: It had fix great Fins like the ends of Galley- “ Oars, whereof two. were plac’d near the Gills, and the other four on the fides. of ‘the Belly at equal diftances, they were of a Vermilion red colour: All the up- ‘per part of the Body was cover’d with great Scales, about the. bigne(s of a “‘ Crown-Piece, which were of a blue colour, intermix’d with feveral Spangles of “* Silver ;. near the Neck the Scales were clofer, and of a:dark colour, {eeming as ‘Cit wére a Collar; the. Scales under the Belly were yellow,. the Tail forked, the ‘* Head fomewhat bigger than that of a Horfe, and near the fame figure: Ic was *“ cover'd with a hard and dark-colour’d Skin ; and as the Land-Unicorn hath one “* Horn in his Foreshead, fo this SeaeUnicorn had a very.fair.one iffuing out.of the << fotexpart of his Head, jabout nine Foot anda half in length,; it wasas ftreight “as could be, and from the place whence it came out it grew fmaller. and {maller “to the very Point, which was fo fharp, that being thruft hard, it wouldenter in- *‘to Wood or Stone, or fome more folid Subftance ; it was at the place. where it *< came out of the Head, about fixteen Inches about, and from thence. to. two thirds ** of the length it was like a Screw, or, to fay better, made waving like a wreath’d “‘ Pillar, fave that the Channels grew{maller and fmaller, tilithey.gently ended in “‘a Point, which was two Inches beyond the fourth Foot: .All the lower part had “over itan Afh-colour’d Skin} which was all over cover’d with a {mall foft Hairs, “ fhort as Plufh,: and of the colour of a wither’d Leaf, but under that it, was as “white asIvory : Astothe other part, which feem'’d naked, it was naturally po- | *¢ lifh’d, of a fhining Black, mark’d with certajn {mall white and yellow Strokes, “and of fuch folidity, that a fharp File could hardly ger adittle {mall Powder from “it: It hadno Ears ftanding up, but two fpacious Gills, asthe other Fifhes, the “ Eyes were about the bignefs of a Hens Egg ; the Ball, which was of a Skye-colour “Enamell’d with Yellow, was encompafs’d with a certain Vermilion, which had “beyond it, another as clear as Cryftal: The Mouth was wide enough, and furs. “‘nifh’d with feyetal Teeth, whereof thofe before were extreamly fharp,.and thofe ‘towards the Throat in both Jaws were broad, and alittle knobbed):. The Fifth had Chap! XVIII. fh MER ICH. _ « had upon the Head a kind of Crown, rifing above the Skin about two Inches, “ and madé oval-wife, the Ebvietiicies whereof ended ‘in a Point. Above three « hundred Perfons of that Ifland did eat of the Meat of it, and that plentifully, and « thought it extreamly delicate ; It-was interlarded with Fat, and being boyl’d it <‘ came up in flakes like frefh Cod; but it hada much more excellent tafte. « Thofe who-had feen this rare Fifh alive, and had with great Levers broken «¢ the Back of it, afirm’d, That he had made prodigious Attempts to thruft them ‘with his Horn, which he turn’d with an inexpreffible dexterity and nimblenéfs, “ and that if he had had as much Water under him as would have born him up, be < would have been too hard for them all. When the Entrails were taken out, ic «¢ was found that he liv’d by Preys ; for there were within him the pak ie of Rveral «‘ kinds of Fifh. © What could be preferv’d of this miraculous Animal, efpecially the Head, and ‘‘ the precious Horn faftned in it; hung up near two years at the Guard-houfe of ‘¢ che Ifland, till Monfieur Le Vaffeur, the Governor of it, prefented one Monfieur ‘¢ Des Trancarts (a Gentleman of Xaintonge, who had given him a Vifit) with the * «Horn. Not long after, coming over in the fame Ship with the Gentleman, who ‘had. that’ precious Rarity put'up in a long Cheft, our Ship was caft away neat ‘¢ the Ifland of Payala, one of the Affores, and all the Goods were loft, but riothing « fo much regretted asthe lofs of that Cheft. . The Natives call themifelves ((ubao-bonon, that is, Inhabitants of the Iflands, and Ca4- The Natives ribbeeans ; which laft Denomination was not onely receiv’d amongft the American ws Ifles, but alfo onthe Main Continent of che Northern and Sather’ America, long before the Spaniards coming thither, - fH Concerning the original of thefe People, there are feveral Opinions , for thofe Theis Orig who make them to be Extracted from the Jews, have no other teftimony, but that they abftain from Swines-fleth ; “Thofe that take them for a People fled from the great Iflands, Hi ifpaniola, Jamaica; Cuba, and Porto Rico, to fave themfelves from the Spaniards Cruelty, difpute againft a known Truth; for who knows not, that the Ins dians who e{cap'd the Spanifh Slaughter, have: not the leatt refemblance either in Language or Cuftoms with the Cannibals ? nay more, they are mortal’ Enemies to them; befides that, the Cannibals ac that time when Columbus firft arriv’d , poffefs’d ‘thofe Places which they now inhabit. The Cannibals feem i ignorant thenifelves in this Point: fot they affirm their Extraction to be from Gryana, where the Cali- bites {peak the fame Language, and alfo obferve the fame Cuftoms and Religion : The occafion ‘of their removal they afcribe to the King of the Arovages, who made all the adjacent People about his Court, Slaves to him; which to prevent, they firft went to Tabago, where being ftrengthned by new Coiners, they refolv’d to take revenge on him; and Engaging with him in a Field-Battel, utterly defeated him, and {par’d none of his Party alive, except the Women ; silica’ it proceeds, that the Arovdge Women have the Suva Cuftoms and Language with the (aribbeans. But Briftock, an Englifh Knight, by long Converfation experienc’d in the feyerall Ayeri- can Tongues, faith, That the Caribbeeans have their Original frorn the Apalachites in Florida, who being avaliant People; deftroy’d many of the Natives that inhabited Mexico, that fo they might Settle themfelves there ; to which purpofe they buile a City like that of Apalache. The (ofachites inhabiting Northerly, and {pred over a barren and Rocky Countrey ,made ufe of this Opportunity to conquer their deferted Habitation: for on a fetetime they fet fire to all the Villages, and fpoyl'd all things which they could not carry away with them; that hot the leaft hopes of return- ing might be left them; therefore they rant either Conquer or Die; which re- folv’d € 352 AMERICA. Chap. XVIII, folv’d upon, they fell unawares on the Apalachites, whofe King had neverthelefs much time, that he Guarded the ufual Paths which direéted to the inhabited Vil. lages: But the Apalachites leaving the common Roads, climb’d over almoft inac- ceflible Mountains, and fo got into’the heart of the Countrey, which exceedingly amaz’d Paracoufis (for fo that-King was call’d) who lay Encamp’d at the Foot of a Mountain, whether the Van of the Apalachites were marching : whereupomhe fend- ing his Army to meet them, they began a moft fierce Combat ; when at laft both Parties wanting Arrows, they fell upon one another with Glubs till the Night The exfati- parted them ; and neither could boaft of the Vigtory. At laft this War was turn’d Terms of A~ into Peace, and the Articles of Agreement were thefe, viz. withthe dpe That the Cofachites fhould for ever poffefs the Province Amana, and become one People with the A palachites, and acknowledge the King of Apalache for their Chief Governor. After which the (ofachites were call’d Caribbeeans, which fignifies Accidental Sub- Thy fallof jects : But thefe two forts of People did not long agree ; for the Caribbeeans fleighted the Cuftoms of the Apalachites in the Countrey Bemarin, and at the fame time threw off their Obedience to the King, chofe one Ragazin for their Governor, fub- du’d the neighboring Province Matika, and’at laft defi'd the Apalachives ; who infe- * rior to them in Strength, and making ufe of fubtiley, fuppos'd’ it the beft way to make a Difference amongft the Caribbeeans themfelves ; to which the Priefts freely proffer’d their Affiftance, and their Defign proy’d alfo fuccefsfal ; for the Caribbee. ais regarding no Religion (onely dreading the angry Deity Mabouya) the Apalachite Are brought Priefts call’d Jaova’s, took great pains to perfwade their Neighbors tothe worfhip. ag ping of the Sun ; which fo prevail’d, that a confiderable number of them afcending the Mountain Olaimi, fell down and fhew’d Reverence to thaticeleftial Luminary, which Opportunity Paracoufis taking notice of, caus’d the Jaova’s to publith amongft the Caribbeeans, That.in the beginning of the Maairims, or March, a great Fealt fhould be held in Reverence tothe Sun on the ufual place, ‘where the King would Enter- tain, and give Prefents to all the Worfhippers thereof. a Gonalil insag The Sun ge- _ How great a Religion this Sun-worfhip was antiently amongft the Gentiles, aps et _ + . - n - i _ - » a f a —_ ieee - - rs - a — - : . A - es — ae + ry Pom aan f ~~ . ~ = ~ -——< = = ° 7 . i - Met a me “ 4 —— . : - « _ ‘f » & : a = « * . eae = = —". - — - ss - x = ~ : - = : 7 - ~ * 7 —-, ' = = — ——- - =< — 2 - = _ a = ft ~ ——— - —— —— rs om * ~- me aU - tea La ! — lle >a - * ae - AP ee, ae ee nerally wore ; ee’ ty pears from the Writings of feveral authentick Authors. Heathens The Syrians, whofe Idolatry the J/raelites learn’d} honor the Sun by the Name of Bahal, which fignifies Lord. bape lod The Phenicians call’d the Sun Beelefamen, Lord of the Heavens ;-and the Citizens of Accaron, Baal-zebahim, Lord of the. Offerings , but God chang’d the Name to Baals Rebub, or The God of Flyes. ey | | | ml » Moloch; or Milcom alfo fignifi'd the Sun amongft the Ammonites; in honor of which Children were carried by their Parents, and fer between two great Fires, or elfe by the Priefts, upon pretence of cleanfing them ; and {fometimes parch’d to death in an Image of Moloch, which had feven Cavities heatedJike Ovens, _ r Macrobius tells us, That the Affyrians afcrib’d the fiipream Command to the Sun, under the Name of Adad, and to the Goddefs Adargati, reprefenting the Image of Adad with Beams darting downwards, and Adargatis with thofe that fhot-upwards : by the firft they exprefs’d, that the celeftial. Power confifted in Sun-beams, which {hooting downwards warm the Earth ; and by the fecond, that all things by thofé Beams were cherifh’d and’ enliyen’d. | The moft magnificent Temple which Syria Apamena boafted, was Confecrated ‘to the Sun. ial | The Arabians Offer’d Myrrhe on the tops of their Houfes at the Rifing of the Sun ; who alfo wasthe Chamos and Bagl-Peor' of the Moabites and Medians: | Near the Red-Sea, lay the City Baifam/a, which fignifies The Hufe of the Sun, fa- mous for the many Feafts which were kept there in honor of this Planet. The : : ‘ : ; ee : + - ; - ; , ; > : ' : : 41 - Z| ia * lee ° le ‘ * ‘ 7 y 7 (hy o : -_ : 1 Fi : oa, 7 Py 1 f A ia | 4 , - / 4 rer fr ut Chap. XVIII: of MER ICA The Perfians accounted this Luminary for the greateft God, and Conféecrated to him three feveral Feafts, looking upon him as the Author of Wildom, Goodnefs, os and Power, and is exprefs’d by three feveral Operations, viz. Warmth, Light, and Diftingtion of Time. | The Egyptians honor’d the Name of Ofiris, whom fome will have tobe the fame with Mifraim, or Cham/zoon, the firft Founder of the Egyptian. Monarchy. In Egypt alfo was famous amongft many other Cities that of Heliopolis, which fignifi'd The City of the Sun; wherethe Ox Mnevis or Menapis ‘being Confecrated to the Sun, was religioufly worfhipp'd. This Image is deferib’d by Macrobius. The Moors made likewife great Offerings to their Affabin, for fo they call’d the Sun ; and allow’d their Priefts onely the priviledge to gather Cinamon, ‘and that with this Provifo, Thatthey fhould firft Offer forty four Oxen, befides’ Goats and Rams, to 4ffabin, nor fhould fetch the leaft Stick of Cinamon‘either immediately before or after Sun-fer : The Cinamon brought altogether, -was'to bé divided by the Chief Prieft, and the reft having each their Portion affign’d, that which re- main’d was fold to the Merchants, to Trade with into Foreign Parts ; but if the Sun chane’d to fet the Cinamon on fire, then they concluded they had not dealt . juftly. | The Greeks,. according to Proclus, hung a long Pole full of Laurel and Flowers on every feventh day of the Moneth ; on the top thereof was a great Copper Ball, from which hung others ftill lefler andleffer ; about the middle of the Pole hung three hundred and fixty five Garlands ; and the bottom thereof was cover’d with a Womans Garment of a yellow colour: The uppermoft Ball reprefented the Sun, the leffer the Stars, and the Garlands the Days of the Year; in which manner they worfhipp’d the Sun. | | The fame Luminary the Maffagetes and old Germans adot’d in antient times,and to this day the People.in the urmoft North, Japanners ,Chinefes, Tartars,and the Eaft and Weft-Indians, pay their chief Devotions to the Sun ; the reafon of which may eafily Why Divine be made out ; for it is the common Opinion of all Men, as Ari/totle, Simplicius, The- geerally i miftius, and other Heathens witnefs, to place the Omnipotent Godhead in the up- Su. permoft Orb, which furrounds the Earth ; wherefore thofe that Pray, lift up their Hands to Heaven : but becaufe the reft of the Heavens appear not fo refplendeng as the Sun, therefore they take the Sun for the onely chief God, whether for its ex- ceeding luftre and glory, or for its being a hundred and fixty times bigger than the Earth; or for its{wift Courfe, in running ten hundred thoufand Leagues in fo fhortatime, or for its nourifhing and genial Warmth, which gives Life co all things, or for its neceflary Light, by which all worldly Affairs are manag’d, or for its meafuring the Days by its moving from Eaft to Weft, and the Seafons of the Year, by a Courfe from the South to the North, for all thefe excellent qualities being well confider’d by the moft Learned Heathens, or obfery’d by thofe of leffer Judgment, have made them fhew that Honor to a vifible Creature, which is onely due to the invifible Creator. Thefe and fuch like Arguments induc'd the Caribbeeans to go to Bemarin, where the Feaft of the Sun was to be kept. The Apalachite King alfo Enterctain’d the neighboring People exceeding courtes The Apelach- oufly in the chief City Mélilot , from whence he was carried in a Chair on the Shoul- sy Moa ders of four Men, with found of Pipes and Drums, and an innumerable company Paik. of People, to the top of the Mountain Olaimi, where he made a ftately Offering to sini, the Sun, and afterwards Feafting and Carefling the Caribbeeans with Gifts, he fenc them home all well contented and fatish’d with their Entertainment. This Cu- ftom —— = ~~ \| 7 | : : 4 ti ai . | , | | a a _ ——S eT =: ee ~ ad “, A Nee a s oa — Sd 354. AMERICA — Chap. XVIII. Part of the ‘ftom was yearly obferv’d, when at laft they began to negle& their Duty, wherefore revere from Toltlabin refolv'd to proclaim War againft the (aribbeeans, if they did not continue Che Apars- : : ". na ¢ ; chites,, paying their Devotions tothe Sun: which Injunétion was differently receiv'd . fome judg’d it to be inconfiftent with their purchas’d Freedom, to receive Laws for Religion from a neighboring King, alledging, That if any Reverence was due to the Sun, it might as well be given on the Mountains of Amana as within Toltlabin’s Realm : others, whe lov’d Peace, and had a zeal tothe Olaimi Religion, would not be againft the Propofals, which occafion'd a Contention amonoft themfelves, and every one apply’d himfelf to thofe that were of his Opinion , neverthelefS thofe that ftood upon theit Freedom, were of the greateft Party; wherefore the Worfhippers of the Sun clos'd with the Apalacbites, who going out with their Forces, routed the \ other Party, and receiv’d thofe Caribbecans that joyn'd with them in Religion into Co- partnerfhip alfo.in the Government, fo that they united into one People: But thofe that were routed rally’d again, and not without thoufands of Inconveniences made towards the Sea, where Embarquing, they Landed firfton the Ifle Ajay, now They People call’d Sancta Crux, and in procefs of time grew very populous ; for from thence by peal degrees have been peopled all the little Iles which lie before America, and grew fo confiderable, that they were fought to by the (alabites, to fide with them againft the Arovaces, Yaos, Sappayos, and other People their Enemies on the Main Conti- nent, where they have taken many large Countreys, extending as far as Brafile, where they are greatly re{pected and feat’d for their Valor and Policy in warlike Affairs: But becaufe the memory of antique Paflages hath no firm foundation in Books, having been onely taken by Tradition from time to time amongft the Caribbeeans, therefore we cannot give you an exaét Account of their Removal from Florida, yet it remains without contradiction, that it hapned above five Ages before the Spaniards Arrival, which time at leaft was requir’d ro the peopling of fo many great Iflands and Kingdoms. . 7 } Dette sé Concerning the Original of the Apalachites, they themfelves affirm, that they “u- cannot certainly determine thetime when they firft Setled here: however, they report that they have peopled the Provinces Bemarin, Amana, and Matika, many Ages ago. That they are Extracted from the Tartars, appears not obfeurely, by their _ Cuftoms, Idolatry, and Language. -Amongft other things, they have learn’d from the Tarcars religioufly to remember thofe Kings which perform’d-any grand Ex- * ploits in the Service of their Countrey. Amongft others, the Apalachites make men: tion in their Areitos, or Songs, of a King call’d Mado, eminent for his noble At- chievements, and prudent Governing of his People. wea ae. - They believe that the Sun many Ages fince was Darken’d or Ecclips’d twenty ligin, four Hours together, during which time the Waters over-flow’d the higheft Moun- tains, except that of Olami, where there ftood a ftately Temple, built in honor of the Sun ; in which all thofe that fled thither were preferv’d, and difpers’d after- wards into feveral parts to re-people the World as foon as the Waters were abated, and the Sun appear’d in his full luftre again : whereupon they imagine, that to this day their Bird Tonatzuli, at the Rifing of the Sun congratulates his appearance with great joy, and at his Setting, requefts his fpeedy return from under the Horizon. poke be ie | The Tonatzuli isa Bird like a Bull-Finch, onely its Belly and Wings are of 4 Golden colour; the Back and Tail blue, its Head adorn’d with divers colout’d Fea- ies thers, its Claws and Bill like Ivory, and it Sings likea Nightingale, ; ofthe Moun As for Olaimi. it is a perfect round Mountain ; the Way which leads, to rs oP | thereo Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 42 thereof runs winding two Leagues long, and is planted‘on each fide with Cedar, Pine-Trees; (4/Sine,and Saffafras; the top of which isa fair'Plaina League in circum- ference ; Eaftward from iris a Cavern, to which Nature hath afforded more Con» yenienceand Ornament than could be given tothe fame by Art and Charges : The _ firft Beams of the Rifing Sun dart into'the Cavern, which being oval, appears like a white Vault, which on the top hatha great Hole for the Air to goinat: The bottom is like the pureft Marble ; on the’Floor ftands a Stone Ciftern to receive the Moifture which drops out of the Rocks. Whileft the People Dane’d on the fore-mention’d Plain,Feafted and Sung, the Priefts Offer’d Myrrhe, and all mannet of Perfumes. > | The Clothes which the Rich gave to the Sun, were diftributed amoneft the Poor, according to a Lift which was taken of them. But in procefs of time the Apalachites have moft of them embrac’d the Chriftian the occasion Religion ; the firft occafion thereof was this: When John Ribauld had brought a his chites embra~ French Colony to Florida, and gain’d a Fort, (which from King (charles the Ninth he sip oe nam’d Charles-Fort) the Spanif> Commander Peter Melendez fell unawares upon him, and fo far impowert’d his Men, who had of themfelves a natural hatred againft the French, that they {par’d neither Man, Woman, nor Child ; onely ten Men efcaping the bloody Banquet, fled to the Floridan King Zaturiona, where they were kindly ree ceiv'd, and hearing of the Civility and Power of the King of Apalache, defir’d that they might go thicher; which Zaturiona not onely granted, but alfo furnith’d the feven French-men (for the other three were dead) with good Guides, who vifited Zaturiona’s Relations, living in feveral Villages along the pleafant Stream Selay, over which they pafs'd on large Boughs artificially joyn’d together, and travell’d through Woods, Marfhes, and Mountains full of ravenous Beafts, and fometimes Engao’d with the ftragling Floridans which lurk’d in the moft defolate Wilder. neffes: having travell’d two. days Journey, by an Ambulcade of King Timago’s People, they loft two of their Guides, the reft being dangeroufly wounded, and through many Difficulties came at laftto Avoeka, ahd from thence to the King of Apalache's Court, who receiv'd themall with great kindnefs: Whereupon they re- folv’d, being induc’d thereto by their courteous Reception, fruitfulnefs of the Soil, and good Cuftoms of the Inhabitants, to Settle themfelves, all buc two of them, who retyrn7d with the Guides to Zaturiona : the reft that ftay’d there, endeavor’d by promulgating the (hriftian Religion, to reduce the Pagans tothe belief thereof ‘i which many embrac’d, and alfo learn’d the French Tongue, notwithftanding their Prielts Jaova’s oppos’d the fame. After the death of the French (which the Apalachites much bemoan’d) their Idolatry had like to have gotten the upper hand again, had not fome Englifh Bamilies, fleeing from Virginia from the Cruelties of the Indians, and not able to reach New England, Landed at Florida, with intention at firft onely to get frefh Provifions, buc Rowing up the River Selay, and taken with the plea. fantnels, they chofe the Province Bemarin for their Habitation, where accordingly they Setled Anno 1621. Amongftthem were feveral Learned Men, which fo effe Ctually perfwaded the Heathens to embrace the Chriftian Faith, that in twenty eight years time the King and moft of his Nobles were Converted and Baptiz’d by them in the chief City Melilot. But fince our Defign is onely to give you an exact Account of thofe People which inhabit the Iflands lying before America, it is fufficient that we have fhew’d you how they are Extracted from the (of achites and the Apalachites. As tothe Cuftoms of the Caribbeeans, fince they are very much alter’d by their long Converfation with the Auropeans, we cannot better inform our felves of their antient 355 256 AMER_IC A Chap. XVIII. antient Cuftoms, than from thofe which to this day are obferv'd on St. Vincent, and fome parts of the Main Continent, where the Caribbeeans have learn’d nothing from any Strangers, peiptio’ ~—-- The Caribbeeans are a well proportion’d People with Sioa Shoulders and Hips, hen round Faces, ‘without Beards, wide Mouthes, white Teeth, little Eyes like the Tar tars, Feet fo hard, that they are almoft Dare-proof, flat Nofes, fo made by {queezing them down in their Infancy, and long black Hair. There are few or no deformed People amongft them ; all of them goftark naked, and paint their Bodies Red with a Plant call’d Rorev; and Oyl ; about their Eyes they draw a black Circle with the Juice of the Apple Junipa. This their Painting ferves them both as an Ornament, and to make them ftrong. Others anoint theit Bodies all over with a glewy Stuff,on which they ftick all forts of Feathers. Others ufe Gum and Flowers, Moreover, they adorn their Head with Plumes, their Ears with Fifhsbones, or Scales of the Caret, or pieces of Cryftal, which they alfo hang in their Lipsand Nofes. The Men wear Armlets near their Shoulders, and the Women about their Wrifts ; about their Legs they tie for Garters Strings of Seeds: others take a pride in wearingthe Bones of their flain Enemies, and the Teeth of the Agouty, Tygers, wild Cats, or Cockle-fhells. When they appear in greateft luftre , then they wear Armlets under their Arm-pits, and alfo Scarfs of Feathers, which either hang over their Shoulders, or are girt about their Middle, fo that one end thereof ton- ches their Thighs. They fet an exceeding value on certain pieces of Copper call’d Caracolis, the leaft of which they hang in their Eats, and the biggeft before their Breafts : and becaufe they are fetch’d out of the Province of the Arovages their Ene. mies, they are efteem’d as Marks of true Valor, and he is highly efteem’d that | wears them. gage.” The Caribbeeans which Converfe with the Europeans, {peak two forts of Langua- ges, the oldeft of which is {mooth, acceptable, fluent, and for the moft part {poke between the Lips. According to the feveral pronunciations one word hath divers ‘fignifications : but the Myftety of their oldeft Language’ they will difcover to none. Itis very obfervable, that the Caribbeean Men {peak feveral words, which though the Women underftand, yet are never {poken by them: andalfo che antient People ufe feveral Sayings which the younger never mention, and the Youths fuch likewile as are never {poken by the Antient, which being fpoken apart by each in the time of War, are underftood by none but their Soldiers, that fo their Defigns may the better be kept fecret. But their mix’d Language hath many of the Ewro- pean words, efpecially of the Spanifh, which they {peak whenfoe’re they converfe with the Europeans. Moreover, though the Caribbeeans on the leaft occafion laugh aloud, yet they are of a dull Spirit, ftubborn, and nothing to be got out of them | but hy fair means. raw Masz_. Their Employment is Hearing, Fifhing, Tilling, Building of Houfes, and ea like. Theft is not known amongft them, fo that no Man is fufpicious of his Neigh- bor; wherefore they leave their Huts open both Nightand Day. They are alfo feldom at Variance one with another,but generally Love {ways amongft them, yet if a Quarrel doth happen, then the injur’d Perfon revenges himfelf to the heighth. Perfons that profefs Chaftity are much honor’ d amongft them ; and here Your bears great re{pect to Age. Their Tg They are alfo very ignorant in natural Kapadedee, infomuch that when the Moon is Eclips’d, they fuppofe that it is devour’d by Maboya,; and wherefoe’re they fmell any ill fcent, they believe the Devil to be not far frost thence. Gun- powder they fuppofe to be a Grain, and are very fearful of Rixe-Arinea Though they Chap. XVHI. “A MER,IC A. they have many brave Salt-pits, .yet they ufe no Salt, nor eat any Swines-flefh, though all thofe Iflands abound in that fort of Animal, fearing that if they fhould eatthe fame, it would caufe them to have little Eyes, which they account very homely, though it is a property generally incident to chem ; neither will they. eat any Tortoife, becaufe they would not be fo grofs as that Creature. Laftly, they know now no greater Number than they reckon on their Fingers and Toes, for what exceeds twenty is to them innumerable: They hold that good Spirits, whom they call Akamoue, refiding in Heaven, never trouble themfelves. with Earthly Affairs. : Their Offerings confift in Caffave and the firft of their Fruits, which are fer at the end of their Huts in Veflels on {mall Tables, cover’d with Leaves or Rufhes, without uttering any Prayers ; for they never Pray but in publick in company of the Boyex or Priefts, and that either for revenge againft Injuries, or for recovery from Sicknefs; or that they may know the Events of War, or for Protection againft the Maboya. x. : | Each Boyehath his peculiar God; which, Singing with a conjuring Verfe, he calls to him in the Night whilft he Smoaks a Pipe of Tobacco. Some have been of Opinion, that this Gonceit of the Maboyaproceeds from the air Kear of | the Mabiys. phlegmatick Nature of the Caribbeeans; who. in their melanclivly Dreams imagine themfelves to be grievoufly beaten by the {aid Maboya, But there are fufficient telti- monies to prove, that thefe Heathens have often really fuffer’d much by this Muboya, often appearing to them in fuch horrid fhapes,that the poor Caribbeeanswould {weat and quake at the fight thereof, and inflicting {uch fad Pinches and bloody Stripes all over their Bodies, that they liv’din perpetual fear of this evil Spirit : and yet notwithftanding thefe cruel Sufferings, they fhew’d no manner of Worfhip to Ma- boya, onely they believ’d that they had fome cafe, when they wore little Pictures ‘about theit Necks, made refembling the Shapes in which Mabaya appear’d to them ; but their. beft Remedy was to flye to the (hri/lians. : They believe their Boyez able to refolve any Queftion they.ask of them ; parti- fitiony ful tations a- cularly, when any one dies,the neareft ally’d to him asks the Baye this Queftion Who wr ny is the occafion of bis Death 2 to which if the Boye names any one, they never reft pith Farteoes they have difpatch’d him tothe other World. Concerning their original brutifh way of living, they give much credit to. an ancient Fable, which is to this effect : The moft antient Caribbeeans, living undet no other Roof than the Canopy of Psp Heaven, fed.on nothing but what the Fields naturally produc’d, which falvage Life an old Man much beamoan’d; when a certain Deity clad in white Apparel defcending down onthe Earth, faid, That he would have come fooner to have fhew'n them the way of a civil Life, had they reque/ted it before. Moreover, the Angel fhew’d them a place along the Shore where there lay fharp-cutting Stones, with which he told them they might cut down Trees; and with the Timber build themfelves Houfes, and cover them with the Leaves of the Palm-Tree to keep out the Rain ; which faid, he broke his Staff into three pieces, which being Planted, foon after produc’d the Root Manioe, which ftamp’d and dry’d, made good Bread. The Caribbeeans have alfo a ftrange Opinion concerning the Soul, that is to fay, Thi Or That every one hath as many Soulsashe hath Pulfes, but the chieteft is the Heart inst Soul it felf, which after Death removes with Jeheizi, (that is every ones peculiar Godor | Genius) to the Company of the other Deities, where they live after the fame man- ner as here on Earth; wherefore thofe that are Perfons of Quality give Charge at their Deaths, that their Servants may be kill’d and buried with them, that fo they may ferve them in the other World ; That the other Souls, which are the Pulfes, Mm are 3°7 ¥ _ 7 , - Aerie ie es .* ——— - . bem a. a - eo — = — — a od Sz ? >. - - i . > : as — Cx c. 7 a ~ SSE eee, ee — _? —— — « oie - 7 Their man- ner of Dwel- ling. a) | AMERICA. ‘Chap. XVIII. are of two forts, whereof the firft call’d Maboya’s, range through Woods and Wil. derneffes ; and the other call’d The Oumekows, refide along the Sea, and overetury the Ships that Sail by ; That the Souls of Heroes remove to pleafant and delightful Iflands, where they are ferv’d by the “rovages ; That Cowards at their Death go behind a high Mountain, where they become perpetual Slaves to the Arovages. So foon, as they hear a clap of Thunder they run into their Huts, and place themfelves on little Stools round the Fire, cover their Faces, and laying their Heads on their Knees, make a doleful noife, as fuppofing that Maboya is exceed ingly enrag’dagainft them. | | ‘> Spex Their Huts, for the moft part built near Rivers and Streams » are of an oval fafhion, their Roofs made of Palm-Tree Leaves or Sugar>Canes, the Walls nothing but Boughs fet in the Ground and pleited together, and the Floor of fifted Earth or Sand, ramm‘d in and kept very even and {mooth ; befides 2 Room wherein they Sleep and Entertain their Friends, they have/alfo a Kitchin to drefs their Meat, and a place to lay their Bowes, Arrows, Clubs, and the like, in ; they __ ufe Mats in ftead of Walls, to feparate one Apartment from the other. Their Hout. Their Houf- hold Affairs and Diet, hold-ftuff is little ; the richeft of them have Hammocks in ftead of Beds ; the meaner fort ufe Stigks laid crofsone another, and cover’d thick with the Leaves of the Banana-Tree, made faft at the four corners with Cords. Hollow (alabafhes, and Earthen Ware call’d (anaris, ferve them for their Kitchin Utenfils. In the little Canaris they prepare their Tumalis, or Pepper-pottage, and in the biggeft their Liquor Ovicou. M Their Cleanlinefs may appear by this, that when they goto eafe Nature, they make a Hole in the Ground with a Stick, and after they have done, ftop it up again, burying their Excrement that it may not be feen. | : Round about their Huts feed many Hens and Turkies, which they breed not fo much for their own ufe, as to exchange for Iron. : They remove their Habitations very often, either out of fear of being haunted by the Ghoft of fome deceafed Perfon, or to avoid fome Smell which they find noifom and offenfive, or becaufe their Hut hath been {et on fire by Lightning. The Women are always employ’d to keep their Families in good order, to pre- pare Venifon and Fifh for the Mens. Tables, to {pin Cotton, Comb their Hus- bands, and paintthem Red. The Men {pend their time in the Wars, Hunting or, Fifhing. They have alfo learn’d of the Europeans to burn Train-Oyl in Lamps in the Night, when as before they burnt Twigs of a gummy Shrub before mention’d, which for that reafon the Hollanders call’d Candle-Wood. Each hath alittle Stool, and a Table call’d Mantoutou, on which he eats his Meat when he pleafes, having no feteMeals. The broad Banana-Leaves ferve them for Napkins and Table-clothes, Their chiefeft Dainty is Crabs roafted in the Shell with the Juice-of Lemmon and Pyman. At great Feaftsthey drefs their Meat withthe Fat of their Enemies, being the Arovages,. Their ufual Drink is Mabby, made of Potato’s, which refrefhes, and is good againft the Phlegm; alfo another Liquor call’d Oko; made of fteep’d Caffa- dar, and is like Beer intafte, ftrength, and colour. They alfo by making an incifion into the Palm-Trees, tap a Liquor from the fame in (alabafhes, like White-wine. They ufe little of the Drink Coufcou, becaufe it fwells the Body, notwithftanding it is pleafing to the Palate, Butthe Liquor which is moft efteem’d amongft them, is the Wine made of the Sugar-Canes, which:are fqueez’d in Mills made for that | purpofe, and then boyl’d in great Kettles, During the dreffing of their Meat ¢which being done leifurely, is fometimes half a day before itis ready), they: Sing, and Dance to the Time, which one keeps with a Calabafh fill'd full of little Stones, in | is which ~~ f. .* , a i = -* Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 2. ; 259 which they believe the greateft happinefs they fiall enjoy in the other World coti- Gifts: But the Caribbeeans never Dance more antique than when. they meet in the Carbet, which is a publick Houfe of Entertainment ; whether the Women carry a Drink made of Caffave, which makes Drunk as foon as Wine: The Men bring Fith and Hedge-hogs:; all of them painted with Roncon, and adorn’d with Plumes of Feathers, commit all manner of Debaucheries. At other times they alfo keep Feaft«days, which is either when they are preferr’dto fome Office, or Place of Ho: nor, ot when they have defeated their Enemies, ot when they mourn forthe Death of one of their neareft Relations. Their Boats, which they call Periaquo’s, are made of fingle hollow Trees, full Their Beaits. of Benches, and painted with feveral ftrange Shapés,and are able each to carry fifty or fixty Men. ) , Their Mufical Inftruments in which they take moft delight, are Drums, Strings Teele Mull : of Silk-grafs ftretcht upon Calabafhes,and Flutes made ofthe Bones of their Enemies, mens. 4: They keep Watches on high Hills, to defcty the Ships offat Sea, and no fooner their warch- have they efpy’d one, butthey immediately give notice to one another ; whereupon painft Be _. thofe that are moft valiant put off to Sea in their Canoos, and know by the Lan- ot guages to diftinguifh between a Spaniard, French-man, Englifh-man, and Hollander. If they find that ’tis an Enemy who Lands on their Coafts, they guard all their Avenues, lie in Ambufcades, and gather together in by-ways, and where they fee any advantage they fhoot thoufands of Arrows, which done, they fall in amongft them with great Clubs: but if they chance to be defeated, then they lurk behind Bramble-bufhes, or climb up inacceflible Mountains, or elfe, if near the Sea, they fave themfelves by Diving and Swimming under Water above two hundred Paces before they appearagain, andifa Party of them chance to meet together afters wards, they venture a fecond Engagement: But if thofe that come on their Coafts their Enter are Friends, they Swim, or go in their Boats to meet them, climb up their Ships, reed. and carry the Sea-men on their Shoulders afhore, where the Cajique in the Name of the whole IMland bids them welcome, and conduéts them to the Carbet, where an antient Man falutes the old Men, and a Youth the young Men ; after which asking their Names, the Conban calls himfelf by that Name ever after; and defires the Sttangers to accept of his Name; during which their changing of Namies they ule many Ceremonies of Friendfhip: this done, they proffer them Cotton Ham- mocks to reft themfelves in; and pleafant Fruit to eat, till they have prepar’d other Meat ; which isno fooner Ready, but a little Table is fet before every one of them, and a Difli of Meat confifting of boyl’d Hedge-hogs, boyl’d Crabs, and Pot- herbs which if the Guefts do not eat heartily, or drink up all che Liquor which they give them, they take irasa great Affront ; but if they cat and drink heartily, they take it kindly, and fhew great forrow at their departure. ‘Their Offices of Government have been ufisally three ; the meaneft belong’d to the Tiouboulibauthe, whofe Place was to Govern over the (arbet,a Houle where Stran- gers were Entertain’d,Matters of War difpuced of,and publick Feafts kept. Tioubou- tonti Commanded the Canoos inthe time of War, that is, under the Nabalene, who Commanded the whole Fleet: But the chiefeft Officer of all was the Ouboutou ; to which degree of Honor none attain’d, unlefs he had kill’d feveral Avovages, or at leaft a Governor. When the Caribbeeans drew all theit Forces out of the Iflands to a Battel, then they chofe one out of the Ouboutox, who during their March Commanded the Army as General, which his Office ended with the War, and extended no farther than his own Ifland. , 2 Mm 2 | Their 360 dabei AMERICA — ° Chap. XVIII. rete Their warlike Confultations were no lef obfervable, for the Oubouton ap. ‘aims pointed a Day, on which the Iflanders met at a Feaft in the Carbet, whither they accordingly came all at the time appointed, and having Eat and Drunk, and Danc’d a confiderable time, an antient Woman with tears in her Eyes, and mourn. ful Countenance, enter’d the Carbet, and defir’d Audience ; which being granted her, and every one filent, fhe began to relate the Damages which from antient times the Arovages did to the (aribbeeans . and that in the laft Engagement fo many Vas liant Men were flain, and afterwards devour'd by them ; therefore it would be a fhame not to take Revenge ; which being feconded by the Onboutu, put Valor into the Hearts of all that were prefent: Whereupon the following day Meflengers were fent tothe other Iflands to acquaintthem with their Intentions, that they might prepare their Clubs, malee fharp and poyfon their Arrows, String their Bowes, prepare Provifions, and fit out their Canoos « They poyfon’d their Arrows with the Juice of Manchenillo’s, which made the leaft Wound mortal. Their Pro- vifions and Arms they laid up in their Canoos, fo to preferve their Periaguo’s (which are Boats that can carry fifty Men), if they fhould chance to over-fet, which often happen’d, though they were foon turn’d up again. They went from one Iiland to another, where they not onely ftor’d themfelves with freth Provifions, but increas’d their Fleet with new Affiftants ; with which approaching the Main, they hal’d their Boats afhore in the Evening, and driving four Stakes into the Ground: under the Trees, made faft their Hammocks to the fame, in which they flept till Mid-nighe, and then fell on their Enemies, but if difcover’d by them, they retreated to their Boats and return’d home, but if they were not difcover'd, they fell upon the Huts of the Arovages ; who refifting, they fhot Arrows with burning Cotton into them, | and fo fetting them on fire, fore’d the Arovages to venture a Battel in the open Field , where having {pent all their Artows, they Engag’d one another with great Clubs, with which at one Blow they broke either Arms or Legs, or knock’d out their Brains, If the Caribbeeans chanc’d to be defeated, then chofe that remain’d of their Party made a lamentable noife, howling for thofe that were kill’d, and mix’d their Tears with the Blood of their flain Friends, whom not without the greateft danger they fetch’d from amongft their Enemies, and carried them aboard of their Boats : But returning Vidtors, they were wont to infult over their Prifoners with all the bitter Taunts imaginable, and then taking advantage of thofe fharp Upbraidings which their cruel ufage extorted from them, to put them to death with moft inhu- mane Tortures, and then to Feaft themfelves upon their mangled Bodies, all claiming a Right to their feveral Prifoners, as to fo many Beafts appointed to the Slaughter ; But of late Ages they have contented themfelves to difpatch them fpee- dily with their Clubs, and fo affign them to their Shambles, Their En As the Arvovages had been formerly, fo the Spaniards at length became the Objet Spaninds Of the (aribbeeans itreconcileable Hatred, infomuch that oftetimes being Invaded by them, they gave them fuch rough Entertainment, that they were glad to favethem: felves by flight ; for the Caribbeeans not regarding their Guns, prefs'd upon them, and many times took Veflels richly laden from them, till of late years that a Peace hath been concluded between them, wherein neverthelefs thofe of the (aribbeeans re fufe to be concern’d, that inhabit St. Dominico and St.Vincent, who cannot to this day forget the cruel Outrages committed by the Spaniards. ; Their Mat: To.come to their Marriages, they were allow’d as many Wives as they pleas’d ‘i to have, infomuch that their Governors were in efteem according to the numberof » their Wives ; nor were degrees of Confanguiniry fo regarded, but thatan Uncle might take his Neece 3; whom he no fooner had carried to his Houfe, but the Mars riage m J + — ‘ Se ee er a eee ere a ee ee eee —_ 4 a eee = = a > 2S a _ - = ‘ c ae <—ane “ om ~ Se ee ee + a 7 if t 5 et | *, F ! . 7 Chap. XVIII. “AMER IC A. 361 riage was finifli’d. They feldom Divorc’d their Wives after they had bore them Children, buc otherwife the Man would break the Bond of Matrimony when he pleas'd. A young Man that had noRelation might court a Stranger, and if her Parents allow’d of it, the Match was made. One that had behav’d himfelf vali antly againft the Arovages was fure of feveral good Matches, for he was refus’d by none whom he Courted:; and the abundance of Wives was the greateft ceftimony of their Valor. Each Wife hada peculiar Dwelling, fo to prevent all Diffentions : So foon as one of them was with Child, her Husband Lay not wich her till after Delivery. If any Woman committed Adultery, her Husband was permitted to knock out her Brains, or rip open her Belly ; which done, he acquainted her Fa- ther with the Deed, who return’d him thanks for the fame. Murderers were ei- ther burnt or cut in pieces. Children were born here with little trouble, for the Women were no fooner Deliver’d, but they carried the Infant to wafh at the next Brook ; which done they return’d home to their Houfhold Labor, whileft the Man on the contrary kept his Bed, and ate nothing but a piece of Caffava Bread, which he hollow’d out in the middle, and left the edges till the Feaft, which was kept at the Naming of the Child :, Moreover, he fed on all manner of Dainties for a whole year after. But this Cuftom was obferv’d onely at the Birth of the firft Son, at which time they fcratch’d the Pather’s Shoulder with a fharp Curry-combe, at which if he flinch’d not, it was accounted a good Omen of the Childs future Valor. At fifteen days old they made Holes in the Childs Ears, Lips, and Noftrils,through which they puta String for the tying on of what-ever Ornamentals. With the like Ceremonies the Child receiv’d.a Name, taken from his Predeceffors, Trees, Fifhes, or fome remarkable Paflages during: the Mothers bearing of the Infant in her Womb, or of the Father’s Lying-in: But this Name waschang’d fo foon as they went to War, ot kill’d a Commander of the Avovages; whofe Name they exchang’d for their own: After which the Mothers took fpecial care in bringing them up; and at fix Moneths the Children were ableto rtin alone : When they attain’d to the age of two years, they curoff their Hair, at a great Feaft made for that purpofe ; from which time forward they exercis’d them in Shooting with Bowes and Ar- rows; to which purpofethey hung up pieces of Meat for them to fhoot at, which they mutt either hit down, or Faft. Their Ceremonies to make Soldiers were very ftrange, viz. The Father con- hhitiaion « ducted his Son to the Carbet; where he told him the Duties of a Soldier, beat him with a Bird of prey, call’d Mans-fenis, cill he had bruis’d the Head of the Bird, and {cratch’d his whole Body all over with a Curry-combe till the Blood came, and then put Lemmon Juice into the Wounds, afterwards put him in a Hammock,and hung him up for feveral days without giving him any Meat ; all which Torments and Trials if he endur’d with patience, then he was accounted a good and appro- ved Soldier. Few bred up their Children to be Boyex, or Priefts; yet thofe that were brought OF es up to it, abftain’d from certain Food from their Infancy, and before they couldbe receiv’d into the Order of Priefthood, they were forc’d todraw Blood from every part of their Bodies. The Caribbeeans attain to an exceeding great Age : Charles de Rotchfore wicnefleth, Gres age of That in his time there liv’d Men whoremembred the firft Arrival of the Spaniards «™- under the Command of Chri/topher Columbus, which confider’d, they could not be lefs than each of them a hundred and fixty years old. Many Women alfo were found there,who bare Children after they were cighty years of age: yet neverthelefs they are not free from Sickneffes and Diftempers,which cannot juftly be attributed to the Mm 3 Climate, e = ai %, ; Se -—— e+ - > + — - _— ——_ PS - a -- > ‘= The Ifland peffefs’d by the Dutch, Flammans. American Swallows. Chap. XVIIL oie M« SSS. — pe = : a — — . = A sore aes a aw —— | eae ee —_— = ——— — j a —- ——— wegen ee ris x. al on —— ne te a rc ae == ET a At — - — ~~ oe Calvaria, rifes on each fide and behind the City, with high Precipices ; not far from the Mouth of the River appears a ftrong Caftle with feveral Bulwarks,and thereon reat Guns; along the Inlet is a fair Market-place ; in the middle of the City fands a Church Confecrated to Dominicus, neat which thereis a large Hofpital, which-fronts the Sea; the Cathedral ftands at the farther end of the City, and on the declivity of 4 Mountain a fair Chappel; near the great Fort the Govers nor hatha pretty Palace; nor are the Francifcan Cloyfters much inferior to any of the other Structures of this City, which taken altogether bears a sood Form, by reafon of the uniformity of the Streets. “But Anno 1648. the Spaniard totally deferted this Iland,which Michael Adviaen{xoon Ruiter hearing of,brought feveral People from St.EuStathins,and took poffeffion of it in the Name of the States of the United Netherlands : Yet they enjoy’d not long the entire Propriety, for the Spaniards again went and claim’d thofe Places which were theirsupon the firft gaining of the Ifland ; which the Hollanders allowing them, they liv’d peaceably and quietly together, each having their own Churches, Stores houfes, Land, and Negro’s. TheDutch Plantation was maintain’d by the Zealand Lords, Lam/en,and Van Ree. There are divers Pools of falt Water in this Ifland, which afford the Inhabitants ftore of Fifh, and efpecially Tortoifes. Th The Woods produce wild Hogs, Pigeons, TurtlesDoves, and Parraquito’s ree fembling a Parrot, and which though much {maller, are more apt to be taught. Near the Saltspools alfe breed Birds call’d Flammans, not unlike a Jack-daw, onely differing in Feathers, for they are firft white, next ath-colour’d, and at laft turn red; they feldom flye or fit alone, but for the moft part in great Flocks in open places, and Moorifh Grounds ; when fome of them feek for their Food under Water, one of them ftands Centinel, and on the leaft noile or appearance of a Man, gives notice by Chirping to the reft, who hereupon immediately flee away ; thole that fhoot them liecommonly hid under an Ox Hide. About the fame Pools breed likewife the American Swallows, with crooked Bills, Feet like Ducks, black Bodies, white Bellies, and long Tails5. © | SECT. : ‘¥ Chap. XVII. § AMERICA 367 n ‘mail Si My ih Th } ~ a — Secr. VIll. St. Bartholomew: Ear St. Martin, at fixteen Degrees, lies the [land St. Bartholomew, which be- Sirdation id ing about five Leaguesin circumference, is furrounded with Rocks, and of St. Bar was firft Planted by De Poincy : It makes a delightful Profpect, becaufe of the many Trees which grow on the fame ; amongft which the moft noted are the Soap-Trees, whofe Wood makes the Water Lather, and wafhesas well as Soap ; but they are of two forts, for in fome this foapy Quality is contain’d in a tound — yellow Fruit, not unlike a Plumb ; in othersa white foft Root fupplies the office. The little Tree Canopia, out of whofe Bark drops a Gum, grows alfo very pleas Th canpis- fant, the Body being divided into feveral Branches ; the Leaves are difcolour’d, be- ing undernéath of adatkGreen,and of a brighter at the top ; the Flower confifts of five Leaves,’ and:clofes at laft into akind of Cherry, full of yellow Juice, and white Pulp ; it blofloms generally in Ofober and December, and bear ripes Berries the two following Moneths : a Fire being made abour the Tree caufeth the Bark to crack, whereby it yields abundance of Gum, chiefly us’d in Medicine for its opening and loofening Quality. Likewile the Paretuve-Tree, which grows along by the Sea-fide and by Pools, is The Par fufficiently remarkable, for the Boughs thereof gtow downwards, twin’d and plei- ted together fo thick; that in time of War they ferve for Bulwarks, and arethe Re- cefles of wild Swine. Moreover,ion this Ifland, as on all the other hereabouts, grow Calabafh-Trees, Titel which have thick Boughs and oval Leaves joyn'd one to another, and bear every Moneth frefh Flowers and Fruit, grey Flowers, mark’d with green Streaks and black Spots, and Fruit with hard Shells, full of juicy Meat and flat Seeds, which being taken out ferve for Boxes, Cups, or little Dithes. Along : ' Tf ; - ; j ’ : 7 : : i i ; - ’ : ‘ ak} ~ { 7 1 + : 4 ' 7 } i ; ' - - ;' : - N Lf . if +) ‘ ‘ : , ’ '*}) A : Pe: ‘ | : j - ‘ Ry : , ; f 4 : 368 Sea-Star. Sea-Apple, Situation of Barbouthos. Englifh mo- Jetted by the Carthbeeans, Situation of Rete naa. Situation of Nevis, Goed Go- vernment. of thie Engh ifh ther | AMERICA. Chap. XVIII. Along the Shore is alfo found a fort of Fith call’d the Sea-Star, which is a yel- lowifh Fith, whofe hard Skin full of little Knobs fhoot forth five Darts or Beams , in ftormy Weather they faften themfelves to the Rocks. No lefs wonderful is the Fith call’d the SeaeApple, whofe. brown Skin is full of Prickles, which when the Fifh dies fall off, nothing remaining but a white Shell, curjoufly embroider’d with little Holes. On the Banks, and near the Rocks, grow alfo Sea-Trees, whofe thickeft Boughs putting forch ftill leffer and leffer Branches, are pleited together very wonderfully, and being all glaz’d as it were with Salt-petre, feem greyifh. | Siz-o*r. : TAR - Barboude. | Arbouthos, which fome call Barboude, others Barbada, being five Leagues in B length, lies at feventeen Degrees and thirty PAinneess and North-Eaft from Monferrat, in a {hallow Sea. Here the Englifh Planting, have from their firft Arrival been ian molefted by the (aribbecans of Dominico, who for a great while us’d twice a year to Invade them in the Night, killing and deftroying whom and whatfoe’re they met with, onely Women and Children, with fome other Booty, they carried to Dominico. S ECT. fe -Rotonda. a [ “He Ifle Rotonda, which. is much leffer, hath receiv'd that Denomination from its round Form, for it rifes in the:middle into a Hill, which at a diftance appears like a Steeple; It lies at feventeen’ Degrees awd ten Mi- ‘nutes. The Seaabout the fame being very deep, makes a good isi to the Ifland -with Ships. Srcr. XI ai Nevis. . IN fight of Rotonda; at feventeen Dégrets and nineteen Minutes, lies Nevis, which | hath fix Leagues in circumference. Out of the middle-of the Ifland: rifesa Mountain all over wooddy ; round about which the Englifh, who Setled there Anno 1628. have their:Plantations, and have increafed from a {mall number to above three thoufand, and make a good Advantage of their Sugar, Ginger, Cot- ton, and Tobacco, which they Plant there. They are Govern d by a peculiar Governor and a Council, who punifh Thieves, and all manner of Debofhes very feverely. fs There are alfo three Churches, which on the SabbathsDay are all thedag d with People, who refort thither for the Worthip and Service of God. The Harbor call’d Bath»Bay, and the Store-houle built by the fame, are fee red by a great Fort full of @reat Guns, Several Springs on this Ifland afford the Inhabitants MF Water. Here is alfo a Mineral Spring, a place to Bathe in, which hath been found to cure the fame Di- ftem pers which the Waters at Bourbon have done. 7 Moreover, - < Chay XVIk AMER DCL 359 Moreover, this Ifland abounds with the Pitdcie or Piftick-Nuts, which grow on The Pick fmall Frees, with foft long Leavés, round at bottom, and ending in three Points : Thefe Trees being commonly full of thick Boughs, ferve commedioufly for Hedges ;the Wood and Leaves fweat a milky Juice, dropping out of the fame with the Rain; the yellow Flowers which grow on the fame are like glittering Stats, and the tafte of the Nuts like a Hazle, but if the Skin which covers che Kernel be not, pull’d off before they are eaten, they purge to Death: ud But the great’Profit which Nevis receives by Nature is attended with (ome In: cage i : 85 which trouble this and all the other Iflands: amongft many may be © Mufticho’s; a fort of little Bugs, whofe poyfonous Sting caufes fuch in- tolerable Itching, thar thofe who are ftung by them cannot forbear to (cratch them- felves till the Blood.comes, by which their Sores feftering, prove often very dans gerous, | | Lei Alfo the Muringoms, who are fo much the le{s dangerous, becatifethey make al- T ways a great noife before they fting. 7 Wafps likewife are here very troublefom, | but their Stings are cur’d with Rue, as the Stings of Scorpions are with the Juice prefs’d outof the fame Animal. » The Wood-Lice, which are here in great abundance, have a foftand white Bo+ Wot tie- dy, onely the Head, which is mark’d with a black Speck, their Mouthes are fo very hard, that in two hours time they eat through thick Chefts. And no lefs da- . mage do the Bayettos. | | ‘But the Chigos are a kind of {mall Fleas,that breed in Duft, Afhes,and the like,and tis are of all the moft pernicious ; they firft get in under the Nails of the Toes, and from thence run over allthe Body, but efpecially the bottoms of the Feet, where they firft,occafion an Itching, and then eat Holes through the Skin, they make Bli- fters as big as Peafe in the Flefh, wherein a fwarm of young ones breeding, caufe Ulcers and rotten Flefh, which miuft be eaten’ away with Aqua-fortis and burnt Allom. . } bod ony ~~ Sect. Xi oo) Euftathius. | Rigen is fathér a Moiintain, ‘rifing out of the Ocean like 4 sugar- sig "-* Loaf, than an Ifland, lies.at feventeen Degrees and forty Minutes: Ic hath “ {carce five Leagues in.circumference, yet receiv'd {ome while fince a Colo» ny of above fixteen hundred People, {ent thither from the States of the United Nes therlands, under the Command of the Lords Lampfen and Ree. Befides the natural Strength of the Place, whereby a féw are able to keep off a great number, it is for- tif'd with a ftrong Fort, which Commands the Harbor. The Inhabitants are very induftrious, and make great profit of the Tobacco which they Plant. In the midft of this Ifland is 2 Mountain over-grown with Trees, which feems to endin a Point, and hath about it a pleafant Plain. | The abundance of Fowls, Hogs and Goats, afford the Inhabitants ftore of Pro- vifions ; for their Store-houfes are never fo empty, but that they can fupply their — Neighbors Wants. seit fs a 7 _ The want of freth-water Brooks they fupply with fain-water, which they pre- ferve in Cifterns. | | 1% 2¢(90 : Though the Air of the Ifland be wholfom, andthe Soil fruitful, yet itis fubject fo many great Inconveniences; for befides the terrible Thander-claps and Earth- , Na | ~ quakes, c ton * nt pega tO yg “i eh le — a . - : . az = - + “ : x + * “< «* om 7 7 = > — + ~ — se - - a = ‘ zs 379 Terrible Hurricanes. Situation of Antego, The Sword- Fifh, Defcription "of AMontfer-' rat, . . « ™e « _ “rales ers AME RICA. Chap. XVII, ai aheds that rendthe Ground, the Inhabitants are exceedingly troubled in Auguft, and September with the Winds, which in twenty four hours blow from all Points of the Compafs with fuch mighty Gufts, as if they would turn all things into their firft Chaos. The Caribbeeans callthefe Tempeits Hurricanes, which formerly us’d to happen but once in feven years, but of late every two years, and fométimes twice inayear. What damage thefe Winds caufe is {carce to be exprefs’d; the Sea raj- fing its turbulent Waves upto the Skyes, caftsthe Ships onthe Shote, whieh though in Harbor, are certain to be wrack’d, whileftthe Land feems to labor under a ge- neral Ruine, whole Woods being rooted up by the fame, or at leaft bereav’d of Boughs and Leaves ; the Corn is beaten down, ‘the Plants blafted, Houfes turn’d topfie-turvy, Mosintaints rent afunder, and fometimes pieces of Rocks blown intro the Sea. Before the Hurricanes there are feveral fore-runners, which give notice of their {udden approach, viz, the Sea on a fudden is fo calm, that the leaft motion ’is not perceiv'd; the Birds flye from the Mountains into the Valleys, where they lay Hicfalelves flat on the Ground ; and the Rain which falls is bitter and falt. Charles de Rochfort obferv’d, chat in his'titne fome Ships laden with Tobacco be- ing loft in a Hurricane bebo St. Chriftophers, foon after the Tempeft ceafed, thous fands of Fifhes were feen fwimming with their Bellies apwards, intoxicated no doubt with the Tobacco. Sect. XII. FLntego, Antego, being {even Leagues long, and about fix broads ‘Te is dangerous to " ‘come at with great Ships, becaufe of the many Rocks which lie before it, and remain’d the longer uninhabited, becaufe of the want of frefh Water; yet at laft the Englifh taking poffeffion of it, lige d Pits, and made Troughs to catch and preferve Rain-water in, fo that it is now inhabited by at leaft eight hundred Peo- pie, who live on Plants, Venifon, and Fifh. | Upon the Sea-fhore appears often-times the Sword-fifh, which hath no Scales, but a grey Skin, and white Belly, rough like a Fyle, a flat Head, two Fins on each fide, two on the Back, and one in ftead of a Tail, with which it makes a fwitt mi | tion : the Sword of it is'a long Bone, arm’d on each fide with ewenty. feven: | 7h and ftrong Teeth. This Fifh ftriving, tobe Chief of the Sea, Encounters with a other Fifhes whatfoever, even with the Whale himfelf, whofe Belly he often rends open; neat his Eyes are, two Noftrils, out of which he blows the Water he ssn into the Aire rs Nevis and Monsferrat; at fixteen Degrees and dina Mieies lies SecT» xIV. Montferrat. Qasferre, iying juft.at the feventeenth Denil is. s fo call’d esi m 2 Spi Hill beyond Barcellona, whofe fhape this Ifland reprefents off'at Sea; It is about three Leagugs in length, and almoft as much in breadth, and is very Mountainous, except a little towards the Eaft, and as much Weltward. | _ The Englifh havea Church here, iln’din the inefide: with Cedar, which this Ifland produces in great ebiindatiers | Alfo Chap. XVIII. AMER IC 4. 371 Alfo the Acajou-Tree, which grows an exceeding heighth, with mighty Boughs, The Aion under which many judge it very wholfomto fleep : But there are two forts of the Acajou-Tree, the one differing from the other in tallnels of Body and Colour; of which the moft efteem’d is the red and {weet-fmelling, which is not fubjed& to any decay ; for that which is white, and yields Gum when cut, is of a lefs value. The Acomas is alfo no way iaferior’3 in bignefs to the Acajou, which bears long 7H, The Avomar fwarthy Leaves, and yellow Fruit not unlike a Plumb; but becaufe of their extras otdinary bitternefs they are not eatable, onely the eiitd Pigeons at a certain time dfthe year feed on them, after which their Flefh becomes bitter alfo , from the Bark when cut, runs a shilky Juice. The Cyprefs-Trees when plan’d, yield a pleafant Marble colour tothe Eye, and 7e0r" a delightful fragrance to the Scent. The Iron-Tree, with fharp-pointed Leaves, crack’d near the Stalk, bloffoms in 7%." March and September, after the Violet Bloffors follow a black kind aff Fruit like a Cherry, being an excellent Food for Birds; the Wood whilft flourifhing is red, but cut down:changes its colour, yet is fo hatd that it never decays. Moreover the Musk-Herb yields a fweet{mell, and grows like Brambles with- The Muske out Thorns ; between long dusky Leaves hang Jellow Flowers, which afterwards become Cods full of Seeds, that fmell exaély like Musk. S Ec T. XV. Guadalupe. Waele, or Gardelupe, formerly call’d Carricneira, lying at about fixteen De- situaionof C3 grees, and containing fixty Leagues in circumference (for it is the biggeft me and nobleft of the (aribbee Iflands,) is divided in two by a narrow Chan- nel; wherefore one part is call’d Grand-Terre, and the other properly Guadalupe , | Ghote Eaftern Point, nam’d Cabes-Terre, andi its Weltern, call’ d Baffe-Terre, are Both inhabited by the Frevich. - Several high Mountains, efpecially towards the Center, ftart up from very low Mountains Grounds, with their ers Crowns towards the Skye, faite whereof are overs grown with Trees. At the Feet of fome of the Mountains are large Plains, water’d by {weet Streams which formerly invited the Spani/h Fleets thither to ebsites: There is alfo a fulphurous Mountain, which fmoaking continually gives the tafte of Sulphur tothe Streams which flow about the fame. This Ifland boafts likewife feveral boyling 2 lel which cure the Dropfie, and all other Diftempers proceeding from Colds. Towards each.of the two fore-mention’d Points, are large Gulphs that produce strange Fit abundance of Tortoifes, and all manner of Fifh, and amongft others one fort not known by Name, which is generally about four Foot long, having a fharp and big Head, with glittering Eyes, a Back ftreak’d with blue and green, anda Belly half . ~ white and half red, eight yellow Fins, and abroad Tail, with which it {wims ex- ceeding {wift. Near the Shore fwim the Sharks, an ugly Sea Monfter, which bites 2 Man afun- ™ be apis der in the Middle at once; their Head is hard and pefckly, their flac Mouthes opens ing difcover three rows aF Teeth. After this Fith {wims generally the Pilot-Fifh, or Rambos, which is fo curioufly fie" fpeckled, that Nature feems herein to excell or fae. -ever can be reprefented by ‘the Nn 2 artificial 1? » . _= a = -~ 37% AMERICA. Chap. XVIII. — artificial Pencil) and move either {wifter or flower, according as the Shark leads, - The Brain of this Fith is judg’d exceeding good againft the Gravel and Stone. ris Guadalupe was firft dif{cover’d in the Year of our Lord 1635. by the French, under the Command of the Lords Du Phefsis and De Olive, and after them one of the Cap- tains of St. Chriftopbers : Since which the Champain Ground being Till’d and Ma- nur’d, brings forth in great plenty, Rice, Maiz, Manicock, and Potato’s. Father Raymond Breton got poficfion of the fruitfulleft part of the’ Ifland for the Reformed facobines, or White-Fryers; and fince the prefent. Governor Monfieur De Howell {ent alfo for the Fefuits and Carmelites,to build Cloyfters in a new City, which lies in Baffe-Terre, and which is alfo built full of Storeehonfes and Dwelling-houfes two Stories high. 3 heh The Caftle, which lies near the City, hath four Bulwarks, with great Guns. The next neighboring Mountain is alfo crown’d with a Garrifon’d Fort. Ths sow The Countrey hereabouts bears Moubane-Trees, which produce yellow oval ~ Plumbs with great Stones, wherewith the Hogs are exceedingly fatned..| _ The Gorbary, "The Corbary, which grows higher than the Moubane, hatha hard fhelly Fruit, in which liesa douny Pulp of \a Saffron colour: The Gum’ which drops out of the Tree is hardned by the Sun, and becomes very clear, wherefore the Caribbeeans make ufe of it for Arm-rings, and other Ornaments, Jas Secr. XVI. Defeado. Station of Bye Leagues to the North-Weft of Guadalupe, and at fixteen Degrees and ten é Minutes, appears Defeado, or Defirado, like a Galley, of which the North- Eaft end hath alow Point, to the'Northward lie Sand-Hills full of red Veins: It was fo call’d by Chrifopher Columbus in his fecond Voyage, from obtain- ing of his Defire, it being the firft of the Caribbees which he difcover’d, as St. Salva- dor the firft Land in all America. ; a | akeGraw. "The Soil is wholly barren, and deftitute of Trees, and breeds the amphibious - Creaturescall’d Guano’s, which in ftead of Fins to fwim withal, have four Feer , the biggeft of them are fifteen Inches long ; their Skin full of little Scales fhines like Silver, and in the Night they make a loud and fhrill noife from the Holes in the Rocks. | Basler | | The Frigates’ On this defolate Ifland are an innumerable company of Fowls, call’d Frigates, which have a Body like a Duck, but larger Wings, and flye fwifter ; fo foon as they perceive a Fifh in the Water, they falling upon the fame, catch them in theit Claws, and efpecially devour abundance of flying Fith. | tye } The Faw) But the Fauves, which are much leaner, are no way fo {wift., they refemble a Moor-Hen, have Feet like Ducks, Bills like a Snipe, and in rainy Nights reft on the Ships in ftead of Rocks, fo that many times they become an eafie prey to the Mariners. | | | tind SE % T XVIL _ Marigalante, Marigalante, like a Wood in the Water. On the South-Eaft fide, about half a League from the Shore, lie black Stones’ Situation of N: far from hence, at fifteen Degrees and forty Minutes, appears Marigalante, Chap. XVII AMERICA, ; 373 full-of white Specks. Wefterly the Shore is vety plain, whither che Governor | Monfieur De Howell fent fome People from that Ifland, of which twenty were kill’d by the Caribbeeans, who had Gardens and Fifh-ponds thereon : Not long afs ter which Howell built a Fort here, and Garrifon’d the fame with Frenchemen. The Woods afford a delightful fight to the Eye, asalfo the Cinamon-Trees, whole Leaves never wither, a {weet {mell to the Nofe. The Ocean hereabouts produces plenty of Lamantins, which are dry’d_ like Hae the Fim raz berdine. This Fifh grows eighteen Foot long and fark thick ; the Head thereof is mi like a Cows, with little Eyes, and a thick brown Skin, rough and {peckled in fome places, and hath two little Feet in ftead of Fins; it feeds on Weeds, which grow on the Rocks and Banks ; the Females bring two young ones at atime, which tick for fome days ; their Fleth palatable and wholfom, is ftreak’d with Fat, which when melted never putrifies ; they are oftner taken in the Mouthes of Rivers than in the Ocean. About this Ifle, as well as the reft of the Caribbees, are Fifhes call’d Sea-Devils, The Sea-De- four Foot long, and proportionably thick, their es rough, their Heads flat, their Backs arm’d with Prickles, little black Eyes, wide Mouthes full of Teeth, and two Tusks that ftick out of the fame, four Fins, a long flit Tail, with which they {wim exceeding {wift, above their Eyes ftick broad fharp Horns curn’d towards the Back; the Flefh is deadly poyfon. The Becune, which is eight Foot long, fallsupon a Fifh like a mad Dog, biting rhe asa: great pieces of the Flefh out of the Body, which occafions prefent Death ; its Fleth is likewife poyfon. Secor. XVIII. ‘Todos Sanctos. Outhward from Guadalupe, and at the fame Latitude with Marigalante, lie four Situation of S defolate Ifles, call’d Todos Sanétos, and on their Shores a fort of Shell-fith call’d - tiny: Lambis, from the refemblance of: a Tongue; the Shells whereof the Indians Curious tors Sound in ftead of Horns when they give an Alarm ; asalfo another fort call’d Por. ivan celenes, of which the moft efteem’d are without of a Carnation, and within of a Silver, or Skye-colour mix’d with Golden Beams. Thenext arethe Black, mix’d with a pale Blue, andlittle Veins. But the moft remarkable Shells are thofe, whofe Back Nature hath mark’d in fuch a manner with Mufical Notes, that one might almoft exprefs a Tune by them. Moreover, it would amaze the Beholder, to fee the Mothersof-Pearl Oyfter mos Mater-of ving at the Foot of a Rock; for at the Rifing of the Sun they appear above the Wa. fx. ter, and gape for the Dew, ‘of which they have no fooner receiv'd a Drop, but they clofe their Shells, and fall to the Ground again. s SecrT. XIX. De Aves. Eftward from Todos Santbos, at fifteen Degrees and forty five Minutes, Sitanrion of | lies the Ifle De Aves. Befides Ducks, Pluvers, Moor-hens, Geefe, and the like Fowls (that fuffer teonmle lace to be catch’d by she Hands of Men, which are very ftrange Nn 3 to ~ 374. | AMERICA. _ Chap. XVIII. A igrettos. Craw-fowl, Defcription of the Canin aes. tothem) there are here alfo many rare forts of Birds, as the white Birds call’d Aigrettos, which are fomewhat bigger than Crows, with red Bills and Feer, and curious Plumes on their Heads, they often flye a great way off at Sea. The large Bird call’d The Craw-fowl, which feeds on Fifh, hath a thick Head, a long flat Bill, hollow Eyes, and a fhort Neck, under which hangs the Maw, big enough to contain a Pail full of Water: On the Trees along the Seaefide they watch for Fifh which {wim near the top of the Water, and by their attentivene({s on their Prey, are eafily fhot themfelves. ' | De: | Here is likewile the Bird Arras, of the bignefs of a Pheafant, but more refem- bling a Parraquito: their long Tail confifts of divers colour’d Feathers, fome have fhining skye-colour’d Heads, Backs, and Necks, their Bellies and Wings of a pale Yellow they are fo ftout, or rather fo fimple, that if they are not hit with the firft Shot, they will ftay fora fecond: They alfo learn to talk, but not fo di- ftinétly as the Canides, which are no way inferior in beauty. to the Arras,.nay exceed them very much: Monfieur da Montell above mention’d, feeing one.at Coraffap, de- {cribes it after chis manner : | | ‘* It deferves to be numbred (faith he) amongft the moft beautiful Birds in the ‘‘ World: I took fo particular notice of it, having had of them in my Hands ma- “ ny times, that I have the Idea’s of it ftill frefh in my Memory. Under the Belly, “ Wings, and Neck, it was of a waving Aurora-colour, the Back, and one half of ‘‘the Wings, of a very bright Skye-colour, the Tail and, greater Feathers of the “* Wings were mix'd witha {parkling Carnation, diverfifi'd with a Skye-colour, ‘as upon the Back a Grafs-green and fhining Black, which very much added to ** the Gold and Azure of the other Plumage: But the moft beautiful part was the “ Head, cover’d with a Murrey Doun, checquer’d with Green, Yellow, and a pale “Blue, which reach’d down wavingly to the Back: The Eye-lids were white, “and the Apple of the Eye yellow and redas a Ruby Set in Gold: It had upon “ the Head a certain Tuft or Cap of Feathers of a Vermilion Red, fparkling like a “* lighted Coal, which was encompals’d by feveral other leffer Feathers of a Pearl. “¢ colour. | | “ If ic were recommendable for all thefe extraordinary Ornaments, it was much “‘.more for its Familiarity and Innocency ; for though it had:a crooked Beak, and “that the Claws with which it held ics Meat and brought it to its Beak, were fo ** fharp as to take away whatfoever it faftned upon, yet was it fo tame as to play “¢ with little Children and never hurt them;and when one took him into his Hand, « he fo contracted his Claws, thatthe fharpnefs of them could not be felt : He had “this Quality of a Dog, That he would Lick with his fhort and thick Tongue “ thofe who made much of him and gave him fomething he lik’d, put his Head to “‘ their Cheeks to Kifs and Carefs them, and expreffing his Acknowledgments by ‘‘ a thoufand pretty Infinuations, he would fuffer himfelf to be put into what po- “ fture one would, and took a certain pleafure in diverting thofe he thought his «Friends: But as he was mild and traétable to thofe who were kind to him, fo «was he mifchievous and irreconcileable to fuch as had injur’d him, and he could “‘diftinguifh them from others, and make them feel the fharpnefs of his Beak “¢ and Claws. | “ He pratled in the Dutch,Spanifh,and Indian Languages, and in the laft he fung Airs “as anatural Indian: He alfo imitated the Cries of all forts of Poulcrey and other - “* Creatures about the Houfe ; he call’d all his Friends by their Names and Sir- “names, flew tothem as foon as he faw them, efpecially when he was hungry ; if “they had been abfent, and that he had not feen them along time, he exprefs’d he ‘¢ his - . pents to defend an invaluable Carbuncle which he had in his Head ; which b Chap: XVIII. AMERICA “his joy at their return by certain metry Notes; when he had {ported himfelf till “‘ they were weary of him, he went away, and perch’d himfelf on the top of the ‘¢ Houle, and there he talk’d, fung, and play’d a thoufand tricks, laying his Fea- ‘ thers in order, and drefling and cleaning himfelf with his Beak. He was eafily “kept; for not onely the Bread commonly us’d in that land, but all the Fruits < and Roots growing there, were his ordinary Food ; and when he had more gi- «¢ yen him than he needed, he carefully laid up the remainder under the Leaves “ wherewith the Houfe was cover’d, and took it when he had need. Ina word, I ‘« never faw a more loving or more amiable Bird ; “twas a Prefent for any Prince, ‘¢ if-he could have been brought over the Seas This Bird had been brought from “ the Caribbee Mlands to Monfieur Rodenborck, then Governor of the Fort and Dutch ¢ Colony, which is in the Ifland of Coraffao. | * * 4 Smee KK: Dominico, : T fifteen Degrees and thirteen Minutes, lies the Ifland Dominico, fo call’d bee Situation of caufe it was difcover’d on a Sunday, about thirty Leagues long,+and not much lefs in breadth, and diverfifi’d with highMountains, and exceeding deep Valleys ; of which the Caribbeeans that dwell there relate, That formerly in one of the deepeft of them, a huge and monftrous Serpent had an Army of Ser- ein cover'd with a thin Skin, was onely difcernable when he drank or : the luftre thereof lightned the whole Valley. When firft the French approach’d this Coaft with their Ships, the Iflanders go- ing Aboard in their Canoos, barter'd Provifions for Coral , Cryftal, and other Trifles. ik h | _ On this Ifle alfo grows the famous Manchenile-T ree, and {weet fmelling Fruit, ftreak’d red, and tafting like a Hazle-Nut, but bringing a deadly Sleep upon thofe that eat of it; it feldom rots though it fall into the Sea, or any frefh Rivers, but is crufted over with a Shell refembling Salt-petre, and poy- fons the Water in fuch a manner, that all the Fith dying, are {een floating upon it ; in the Trunk and Boughs thereof is a milky Juice, which dropping upon the Body, caufes it to break out in Scabs, and if it chances to touch the Eyes, ittakes away the Sight for nine days: and not lefs hurtful is the Moifture which drops from the Tree. The Caribbeeans dip their Arrows in this poyfonous Juice, againft which Nature hath provided an excellent Medicine, being as followeth : There are amongft the other Reptiles of America a fort of Snails, which creep A Medicine into the Legs of dead Crabs, to keep themfelves from the Weather ; when taken Perfo he they make a noife, and being laid before the rene Fire they come forth; the Water {queez'd out of them, or the Oyl drawn from them’ by the Sun, cures the Parts poyfon’d by the Manchenile-Tree. SECT. play’d, for then, 37% which bears long Leaves, The Maenhe: nile Tree, ~~ AMERICA. Chap. XVIIL. Sect. XXI. | Martinico. Martinice. lying at fourteen Degrees and thirty Scruples, is forty five Leagues in circumference ; It appears at a diftance likethree Mountains, the higheft” whereof refembles a Hat, and is feen in all parts of the Hland, which, on the North where three Rocks deny accefs for Landing, feems'to be divided into three Ifles. _. The (aribbeeans have been forc’d, after many bloody Battels, to furrender up this Ifland to the French: But before they were well fetled, the Caribbeeans marching _ over exceeding high Mountains, deep Concavities, and thick Woods, fell upon them with all the Rage imaginable: the Reafons of which fome attribute to Du Parquet, who in prejudice of the Martinican Caribbeeans, {ent French:men over to Gra- nadaand Alouzia : others {uppofe, that they took up Arms to revenge the Death of their Countrey-men on St. Vincent, who were deftroy'd by’ the French with poyfon'd Brandy. But the French furnifh’d with new Supplies, took fufficient Revenge ; for theyedrove the (aribbeeans out of their Houfes, and chac’d them into Woods and Deferts. | | The Hills that are over-grown with Trees, are Receptacles for wild Beafts, efpecially Hogs and Serpents. The other Hills are Till’d and Sow’n, though not without great trouble. | | piace 4» The Tobacco which grows on the fteep Afcénts much exceeds that which grows ~ in the Valleys, or in the Traéts of Land fhaded with Trees. "The Itand Since the French, Anno 1635. (being fent-from St. Chriftophers by the Lord De/- fie Wards nambuc) Setled themfelves on this Ifland, under the Command of his Deputy Da Pont, they divided it into five Wards, feparated from that part of the Ifle which was inhabited by the antient- Natives: Each Ward hath a Church, or at leaft a Chappel, Atmory, Store-houfes, and Dwelling-houfes, like an intire Village. The firft Ward is call’d Pyloot, from a Caribbeean Captain, who was very familiar with Du Parguet, and inform’d him of his Peoples Defigns. Ls * ‘The fecond, nam’d Capot, is wafh’d by a River of the fame Denomination, and hath many fruitful Plains. | Waters The third retains the Caribbeean Name, being Carbet, fignifying a Publick Stru= ture, to which they us’d to refortto Feaft, or hold Councils of War ; not far from which the Governor dwelt in a Stone Houfe : Near the Harbor ftood alfo an Are mory ina Valley, water’d by a frefh River which falls out of the Mountains,fhaded with Trees and Gardens full of Rarities: But fincethe Governor gave this and many other, fair Buildings to the Jefuits; he remov’d to the fourth Ward, call’d St. Peter; where he built a Caftle, and furnifh’d the fame with Brafs and Iron Guns to defend the Harbor. 4 A Stones-throw from the Governor’s Houfe lies the Fefuits Cloyfter, onthe Banks of a pleafant Stream, built very artificially of Marble and Free-ftone, and having a pleafant Profpect over the River, and adjacent Gardens, beautifi’d with the choiceft of Flowers, Fruits, and Trees’; and alfo a Vineyard, out of which they prefs a confiderable quantity of Wine. rats, 3 | The laft Ward, call’d Preacheur extends Eaft and Weft, fome parts whereof fwell into high Mountains, at the Feet whereof ftand fair Structures ; others fink into low Valleys or Savannas. its Situation of Cries to Dominico lies Martinico, bythe Indians nam’d Matunina, which ‘ : ¢ i > j . | 4 : . : } t a ii - 7 * ' : i he : vo { 4 ’ ; : 1 + | 7 | \ Ww ' ra ay “ ’ Bea ’ ; : ’ \ : h >} re (\S + - 4 ? : i ace : ey : ' | Wis ' : 4 ; ¢ ; + ; ; ; ey f : yt q - ‘ v4 ; 4 : ; . 44 . ey ay, ; < | ‘ : ah : if 4 l a Be: ' 1 ’ 5 SO ee : 4 . y , 7 U 4 ’ uv ;? : f L* - ,' sta : ’ i : ) — - ‘Between g The Afahor- Tree, ry fret land. <.. > —— pa = = — —— eo . . aa / . Rocks geeeet | Fee eeteese Sitwation’of SP. Lucia, BARBADOS. DESCRIPTIO per - ‘ JOHANNEM OGILUIUM. a Mil ia uct, i — ee ee - . Chas, XVIII. AMERICA. 77 Between the French Settlements and the Caribbeeans runs an Arm of the Sea, along Tis saber. whofe Shores grows abundance of the Mahot:Tree, which is full of Boughs from om the top down to the Ground. The Bark of this Tree ferves in ftead of Ropes,and is alfo us'd to ticup Tobacco, the Wood it felf is durable, and good for Building, wherefore moft of the Houfes built on Hills are of this Timber. _\ The beft Harbor for Ships is between the Wards Carbet'and St. Peter, defended from the Winds by high Hills. | | Not far from the Inlet of the Salt-pits, appears about half a League off at Sea, a The Dio: Rock call’d The Diamond; being a Receptacle for an innumerable multitude of Birds; and efpecially wild Pigeons. 7 Befides the Streams that in the rainy Seafons run through the Dales and Sv vana’s, there are ten Rivers, which falling from the Mountains, glide through the Valleys into the Sea. Sometimes they {well in fuch a manner, that over-flowing their Banks, they wafh down the Trees and Houfes ; which Inconvenience hath taughe the French to build their Houfes on Hills or rifing Grounds, . The good Situation of this Ifland hath invited many Families thither, SE 1.’ XM St. Lucia. T. Lucia (by the French, Alouzie) is fo call’d becaufe it was difcover’d on the Situation'of S thirteenth of December, Dedicated inthe Kalendar to the Virgin Martyr Lucia, who was burnt at Syracufe : It lies Southerly from Dominico at thirteen De. grees and forty Minutes, and is ken’d ata great diftance by two fiery Mountains ; the moft Eafterly of which is higher than the other. At the Feet of thefe two Mountains lie pleafant Valleys, fhadow’d by clofe Woods, and moiftned by clear Springs ; near which heretofore a {mall number of Caribbeeans dwelling, maintain’d themfelves with Fifhing , they went ftark naked, and painted their Bodies with red Oker, and drew a Vermilion Stroke from their Ears to theit Nofes. | An Englifh Ship fent to Guinee to fupply the Plantations there, Landed fixty fix mutinous Perfons here, who were all kill’d by the Inhabitants ; but when Henry Facobfon Lucifer putting into the Bay of Lucia to Water there, Anno 1627. Landed to difcoyer the Ifland, he found neither Man nor Houfe, nor any thing but a barren Soil , yet notwithftanding Du Parquet {ent his Deputy Roffelan with a Colony to - Plant inthis Ifland. . Lecta, Sect. XXIII. Barbados. He Ifland Barbados, which was Planted by the Englifh,. Anno 1627. lies bes Siruaion’of tween thirteen and fourteen Degrees, and hath twenty five Leagues in | citcumference,and fomewhat more in length than breadth, and is fupply’d ‘with a frefh-Water River, and feveral Pools. The Ground being fruicful in the producing of Tobaceo, Cotton, Ginger, and efpecially Sugar, invited many Peos ple to Settle there, infomuch that in a fhort time it could fhew twenty thoufand _ Inhabitants befides Negro Slaves. : ; _ The Trees which grow on this Ifland, arenot onely delightful, but profitable : amongft a. 4 - - 4 i hd nd +—— ~~ pe i ~ ty “= . ee : — - >| * = ane i - oS 2+, rere The Fly Ca- jyouyon, » Colonel Rich his Defcrip- tion of the Barbados. AMERICA. Chap. XVII amongft which the Reucen is one, with fhasp Leaves, white Carnation Flowers like Stars, which hang by Clufters at the end of the Boughs, and after 2 while turn to a Cod full of vermilion Kernels: The Juice dry’d in the Sun and kneaded into Balls, is of agreat value. Of the Bark of this Tree they make ffrong Ropes; and the Root is very wholfom, and of a pleafant tafte. | part We Moreover, amongft the Infeéts that breed here, there are a fort of Flyes worthy of a fhort Defcription ; the Caribbeeans call them Cayouyou, being about the bignefs ofa Beetle ; they havetwo ftrong Wings, and under them thinner, which they ne- ver {pread abroad but when they flye, and then they carry fuch a luftre in them, that they give as much Light in the Night asa lighted Candle, (their Eyes alfo at the {aime time glittering like Fire) making no moife: when they flye ; they feed on the Juice of Flowers, and are fo {mooth, that they are very-apt'to flip through ones Fingers, and when they find themfelves to be taken, they hide:their glittering Wings under the other. bs “ges | The Indians tie thefe Flies to their Hands and Feet, fo to haveche benefit of their Light in the: Night ; and anoint their Bodies all over (at certain Solemnities wheres in Candles are forbidden ).with the Juice {queez'd out ofthem, which caufes them to fhine like a Flame of Fite: They catch them’with a piece of Wood which they move in the Air, whereupon the Flyes going to fit, are taken with a Hat ; but their Light vanifhes if they are kill'd. Oe But as to what may farther be added concerning this Ifland, being one of the chief of our Plantations, we cannot better fatisfiethe curiofity of thofe who defire a true Information of all things that concern that Place, than by inferting verbatim a Letter from an intelligent Perfon who hath been long refident there, viz» Colonel Robert Rich, of no older Date than May 31. 1670. by which the prefent State and Condition of the Ifland, the Buildings and other Improvements made there by the Planters fince they firft poflefs'd ir, in what Commodities of the Growth of the Countrey their chief Trade confifts, their Strength, Militia, Government, and flou- rifhing Commerce, and what-ever elfe is material to be imparted, may be clearly underftood. | | prt 16 SIR, ; i Have lately feen your Propofal concerning an Englifh Atlas, and having read Dr. Hey- lin’s Book of the Chorography and Eiiftory of ihe whole World, his third Edition (orretted and Enlarged, Printed Anno 1666. I find him-very fhort and erroneous in bis Defcription of the Caribbee Iflands, ¢fpecially of this Ifland of Barbados, wherein I bave been an Inhabi tant more than eleven years. Fie faith, . 1. The Ifland is feventeen or eighteen Miles in compals. 2. On the South ’tis furnith’d witha large and commodious Harbor. 3. The chief Commodities are Tobacco, and a kind of courfeSugar, call’d Bar- bados Sugar, which muft be quickly {pent, or’twill melt to nothing. ‘4. That this Ifland is worth all the Plantations made by the Englifh, and yet that we hold it at the Courtefie of the Spaniard, without whole Leave and Liking, not of Force to hold it. , This Defcription of Dr. Heylin’s, init felf very falfe, is alfo much to the Difhonor of the Englifh Nation, which makes me prefume to trouble you with my own Obfervations , wherein ba- ving onely aim’d at the Truth, you fhall not have canfeto doubt of being mifguided. wy This Iftand of Barbados is feated in thirteen Degrees and twenty Minutes, im length twenty two Miles, and in breadth fourteen and an half; It ts naturally fortifi'd with Rocks and Shoals on the North and Ea/t fide of it, where no Ship may fafely Anchor, onely, in tho or three pe , | Jmal ~ Chap. XVIII. AMERICA. | 379 majl Boats may go.out and into Fifh. On the South-Eaft and Wefterly part, it is all along a Road where Ships may Ride at Anchor, but more efpecially in four chief Places, Roads and. Bays thereof. . principal Road or Bay is call'd Cariitle Bay, and lieth on the South-Wejt part of the Ifland near its Center, and is a good Road, where five hundred Ships of any.Burthen may Ride fafely from all but South and Wefterly Winds, which feldom in thefe Parts happen, they ge- nerally blowing Eafterly, whence it is that we call the Eaft parts Windward, and the Weft parts Leeward. Here lies alfo the chief Town for Trade, call’d formerly the Btidge-Town, but.now St. Michaels, and baving two Forts, anfwering each other, and a Platform between, : which Commands the Road, and Defends the Town ; the firft and chiefeft Fort is call’d Charles Pa Fort, /tanding on Nedhams Point, lying out in the Sea to Windward of the Bay and Town, fo that an Enemy keeping out of (Command of this Fort, cannot (probably) come to do the Ships or ' the Town injury, for that they muft come full in or againft the Wind, ‘This Fort is built ftrong : with Stone and Lime; the Platform joyns to the Windward part of the Town; alfo the other | Fort joyns to the Leeward part of the Town, all which are well fortifi'd and ftor'd.with great Guns. The Townconfifts of feveral Streets and Lanes,being about thirty Chain in length,and fife teen in breadth, and hath many fair and large Buildings whereof the moft are of Stone and Lime. The fecond Road and Town is lately call’d Charles-Town, fituate on OyfterseBay, and = lies about two Leagues to Windward of St. Michaels, baving alfo two Forts and one Platform , | the two Forts ftand the one to Windward, and the other to Leeward of the Town.and: Road, and the Platform in the middle, all well furnifh’d with great Guns. And although this ‘Town be not 4 Place of much Refort for Shipping, yet bere ave many confiderable Store-houfes for Trade, wherein ‘Monethly are kept the Court of Common-Pleas for that Precinft, and, Weekly Markets. The third Road and Town is lately call’d St. James’s, formerly thé Hall, and is about two Leagues to the Leeward of St.Michaels, hath ong very large Platform;and és otherwife well fors tifi'd with Breaft-works ;, and although few Ships come.to Ride here, yet in this Town is maina tain'd a great Trade with the Inhabitants adjacent , here alfo is kept Mangthly the Court of Com mon-Pleas for this Precinét. : Vea “hay a q The fourth Road and Town is lately call’d Little Briftol, but Ais Sprights.Bay, which lieth about four Leagues to Leeward of St. Michaels, and.bath two Forts well built, and frongly fortifi'd. To this Place come many Ships, efpecially from the Cily of Briftol, the which bere Ride, unload and re-load, st being the next greate/t Place of Repute to St. Michaels in the whole Ifland. : | 7 | This Ifland is divided into eleven Parifhes, and bath in it fourteen Churches and Chappels, and being [ubdivided into divers Plantations, mall and great, bath Sugar-works accordingly, with fair and large Buildings:made of Stone andBrick, the which generally are pleafant Habie tations, and delightfully fituated , moft baving pleafant Profpeéts to the Sea and Land. The Inhabitants of this Iland areEnglith, Scotch, and Irith, and fome, but very few of the Dutch and French Nation, who formerly liv'd here.a time of Servitude, and now dwell as Free-men, fome by their Trades, and others on Plantations ; alfo fome few Jews live here and Trade as Merchants, they having obtain'd Licence from Ha Mayefty fo todo, befides Mulat- to’s and Negto’s which are bere kept, and accounted for Slaves, the number of which fome years fince, upon fearch, were found to be fixty thoufand Perfons, viz. forty thoufand Whites, and . twenty thoufand Blacks. oi The ftanding Militia of this I/land that are in readine[S to meet together on all occafions, and : which at other times are often and well Di{ciplin’d, confift-of two Regiments of Horfe, and five Regiments of Foot, wherein.feveral Companies have near two hundred in a Company, and m [ome Troops more'than a hundred Hor{e in'a Troop ; by all which you may eafily apprebend how little of truth there is in that Saying, That we hold this Ifland at the-Courtelie of the Spani- ards when thofe few Englith in Jamaica give the Spaniards (uch work todefend meat . . | be | ‘ - 380 Situation of S?. Vi nce, AMERICA. ~~ Chap. XVIIL The Growth and Manufatture of this Ifland and parts adjacent, is Sugars of all forts, viz, Mufcovado, Clay’d,and Refin'd ; (If uppofe I have feen here as good Sngar made as any is in the World) Gingers,Indico,and Cotton-wool ; alfo Tobacco, Log wood, Fuftick , green and yellow, and Lignum-vite : Of thefe four laft heretofore much, but now no quantities to be had in this Ifland, onely to the Leeward great ftore. The firft four mention’d Commodities receive prejudice to their Produtt by abundance of Rains or Droughts not happening in their proper Seafons : alfo violent Winds lodge the Sugar-Canes, whereby the quantity and goodnefs is lefSned. The chief time for Expectation is from January to September, when comes in the wet Seafon,.that makes the Roads not Cartable, and ufually puts an end to Making and Tranfportation of them. We have two (rops of Cornin ayear, Planted ufually when the Rains firft come in, in. May and November, whichis gather'd in about October, and in March and April following. Wines “of all forts are-here Imported, but of Portuguefe and French the greateft quantities, viz. of Madera, upwards of fifteen hundred Tun yearly , of Spanith, upward of two hundred Tun, of French-Wines, upward of feven hundred Tun ; befides Brandy and Englith Spirits ; but of thefe latter now no great quantities Imported or fpent, by xeafon of the general-ufe of the Spirit of Sugar-(ane, call’d Rum, which the meaner fort, as Servants and Slaves, do not onely drink in great abundance, but much alfo i hence Tranfported into Virginia, Bermudas, and New- England. Here is alfo Imported great tore of Provifions of all forts, viz. Beef, Pork, Fifh, &c. from Ireland, New-England, Virginia, Bermudas, New-found Land, ee. alfo Peale, Flour, Butter, Cheefe, and Bisquet , likewife Timber, Boards, Pipe and Hogfhead, Staves, &c, alfo Negro-Slaves from Guinee, and live Cattel, as Bulls,Cows, Afinego’s, and Horfes, from the Cape de Verd I/land, New-England ; and from England, Servants, and all other Commodities for Plantations, and for Apparel ; of all which great quantities are ° hither brought and fold. ten bliss weg 4 The Shipping that comes to Trade to this Ifland belongs generally to England ; \fome few Veffels are here built, and pafS to and fro to the Leeward Iflands’;. and Some belong to New- England, Bermudas, oc. The number of Veffels which come bither to Trade in one year is — found upon fearch to be about two bundred of all forts, (fome years more, fome. lef?) as Ketches, Sloops, Barques, Uc. containing in Burthen fifteen thoufand five hundred and five Tun, accord- ing as they were here Entred, which is at the leaft a third part le/s. than their true Burthen, by reafon every Ship pays one pound of Powder per Tun, the means ordain'd by this Country for froring the Magazine ; the greateft part of which Ships re-load with Sugars for England, and _ many go for New-England, Bermudas, Virginia, Tangier, exc. not always full loaden with this Countreys Growth. ‘The ufual Rate for Tunnage from hence to London, is from 41. to 51. per Tun; fometine when Ships are very. plentiful, it sat, 31. and lefs; and at other times when farce, from 61. to’ 7 1. inthe late War with the Dutch, it Was at to, 11. and 12 1, per Tun. ited The Government is Conftituted by the Laws of England, and Laws not repugnant to them, onely fome particular Laws-are here made, proper for this Place, by the Governor (or Deputy) and bis Council, (which ufually are from feven to twelve in number) and.an Affembly that confifts of twenty two Perfons, chofen by the Free-bolders, two out of every Parifhe Sect. XXIV. St: Vincent. - : a Ifland of St. Vincent, South-Weft from St. Lucia, and having fixteen De- grees of North-Latitude, was fo call’d by the Spaniards, as having, difco- ver'd it on that Saint’s Day, being the fifth of April :_ Ic is accounted eight Leagues long and fix broad, and rifesround about with high Grounds and feveral Mountains, which are feen at a great diftance. i ~*~ Chap. XVUL ef MERICH, 381 This Ifland hath avety fruitful Soil, and for the bignels of ic hath been long fince well peopled with. Carsbbeeans before the arrival of the Spaniards poffefling here feveral Villages, to, whom they are ftill {worn Enemies, but Truck’d with the Hollanders for Provifions, Horns, Axes, Knives, and other Trifles. At the Weftand South fides are convenient Bays to lie at Anchor and take Water in. _ The Inhabitants highly efteem the Momen, growing to the bigne(fs of an Apple- lie Tree ; the Fruit which it bears refembles a green Cucumber, andisof apleafant Juice, the Skin always green and prickly ; the Seed which is in the fame about the bignefs of a French Bean, is generally black, and ftreak’d with Golden-colour’d Veins. | Here is alfo that Plant mention’d elfewhere, by the Spaniard call’d Granadilla, by yo" the Dutch Rhang-Apple, and La Fleur de la Pa/Sion by the French, and itis fo call’d, as being fancied to reprefent the thorny Crown of our Saviour, together with the Crofs, Nails, Hammer and Pillar ; the Plant runs along the Ground, unlefs it meet with a Pole by which it runs up. ° Sect: XXV. Bekia, Ot far from St. Vinceitt lies the Iflarid Bekia, which reckons twelves Leagues Situation of N in circumference, and lies at twélve Degrees and twelve Scruples of Nor- vi thern Latitude : It hath a fecure Harbor againft all Winds; but becaufe it is without frefh Water, isis onely frequented by the Caribbeeans that dwell on St. Vincent,who come hither to Fifh,and vifit certain little Gardens which they have there for their pleafure. | The Soil produces ftore of Water-melons, whofe red juicy Pulp yields; when © {queez'd, a great quantity of {weet Liquor, which is very refrefhing, and good to create an Appetite ; their white Flowers, notch’d at the end of the Leaves, afford a delightful {mell. | Anno 1 633. Captain John Fobnfon Van Hoorn putting in to Bekia to catch Tortoifes: found a fine Inlet on the Weft, and Eaftward a Ridge of Rocks, Cotton growing wild in the Fields, and upon the Shore a kind of Snails call’d Burgun, under whofe firft Shell.appear’d another of a Silver colour with black Specks. Granada. Ranada, lying at twelve Degrees and fixteen Scruples,like a Half-moon, front Steenion ‘ap the North tothe South, is full of Woods. Towards the South-Weft runs ' a frefh River into the Sea. The Shore very low affords good Anchorage at twelve Leagues diftance. The Current grows exceeding ftrong here, and the Water alfo ebbs and flows in a few hours. Dirick Simonfzoon Witgeeft Sailing from Tabago, was amaz’d to fee with what force the Current drove him to Granada. Hither Du Parquet at his own Charge fent three hundred Men from Martinico, bee aby who {cuffed with the Inhabitants fix Moneths before they could poffefs the fame in Peace ; and {carce had they obtain’d ic at laft, but by telling them that the French Affiftance would be very advantageous unto them againft the Arovages. The Duke Seryllac in Paris inform’d of the Fertility of this Ifland, bought it Oo of ? AMERICA. Chap. XVIII. of Du Parquet for a confiderable Sum of Money : And inded Granada is none of the meaneft of the (aribbees, the Soil producing very good both Fruit and Timber. Trees, amongft which is the LatineeTree, of a tall Body, but ordinary thicknefs, and in ftead of Boughs, hang Leaves like Fans in long Stalks, which being ty'd toge- ther, ferve for. Roofs. of Houfes,. re ue £ There is alfo the Tree Coco, which yet grows not fo high here asin other parts of the Weftelndies. : (STEUER EES “Seem, RXV o. ‘Tabago.. ; _- Staaion of He next which comes in view is Tabago, (fo call’d, as fome think, from the quantity of that Drug there Planted) eight Leagues long and four broad, _ lying in the eleventh Degree and fixteen Minutes of Northern Latitude, and hath many high Mountains full of Wood, out of which glide eighteen Streams, which watering the Plains fall into the Sea. ~ | ae ye Captain Vitgeeff coming to an Anchor ‘here, found a convenient Inlet on the Eaft, and frefh Water to fill his Casks. Half.a League from the Shore rife five Rocks, through which he Sail’d with his Ships. Within the Cliff opens a Bay, in- to which runs a River well ftor’d with Fifh.»-More Wefterly lies a larger Inler, which receives two delightful Streams. Fromthe Weftern Promontory runsalfoa Cliff Northward into the Sea. . . This Ifland is eafily known by high Coafts which rife on the Eaft fide, and fo growslower by degrees. It is likewife made pleafant by many Walks of Trees. The Sea produces abundance of thofe forts of Fifh which are common amongft us, befides Tortoifes, that lay their Eggs inthe Sand. | Cra-fith, The Cra-fifh thereabouts are not much unlike Lobfters, have white and well tafted Flefh, but hard to digeft ; they catch them ia the Night on fandy Shelves with lighted Torches. ) a | The Crabs get their Food very wonderfully here.; for when they obferve the Musfles or Oyfters to Gape for frefh Air, they put Scones between their Shells, fo that they not being able to fhut chem, they pull out the Fith withtheir Claws. The Woods feed an innumerable. company of Beafts fomewhat refembling Hogs, (whole Navels are ontheir Backs) Opaffums, Javaris’s, and Tatews, as alfo the Avoutys’s and Musk-Rats. 1 ie tag | Agourys.: The Agoutys’s are of a dark brown colour, and have little Tails, two Teeth in their upper, and as many in their lower Jaw ; they make a noife as if they {poke, crying Cowes if hunted by Dogs, they run into hollow Trees, out of which they are routed by Smoak. es ard ‘4 MukRatss The great Musk-Rats are as big as a Rabbet, and-like them live in Holes made in the Ground, but refemble an Avropean Rat, onely their Skins are black, except one part of their Bellies which are whitey they {mell fo trong of Musk, that it over- comes thofe that carry them. 2 | SSW bits tse ui Serpns- = ’s« Amongft the Brambles breed alfo Serpents of a green colour, two yards long, and an Inch thick, feeding on Locufts and Birds, which they take in their Nefts, but do no hurt to Mankind. | | ‘ Thesapifiss But Tobago boafts chiefly of the SaffafraseTree, which refembles the Pine.Tree, hath a firm and ftreight Body, and on the top Boughs {pread like a Crown, the - Bark ofa dark colour and fmooth sand {melling very fweet;the Leaves thin snotch’d, 3 and i as = + - = — ? * —— ae = s Re v — en | Ged *: al m “ + =e _— fet a - ame _ oe ¢ ry a ——- +- <= a - ~ > — = — “~~ < a a wee 4 ~ Ane —_~ Chap. XVIII. AMERICA. 393 and of a deep Green, have alfo a delicate {inell ; the thinneft Roots appear above | the Ground, and are exceeding good to cure green Wounds, ftoppings and fhortnefs of Breath oceafion’d by Colds. . Tanah iy | The Tobacco, by the Caribbeeans call’d Y-ouli, Planted. among the Fruit-Trees, grows very plentifully here ; it fhoots up from a ftringy Root, bitter of tafte, with a thick Stalk, which fhoots out Boughs with great Leaves, woolly underneath, and bearsa kind of Violet Flower, which when dry’d, are fucceeded by little Cods | full of black Seed ; and to prevent the over-growing of it, they cut off the top of the main Stalk.» The Bird Colibry, which is exceeding beautiful, makes his Neft under the To- a bacco-Leaves. | A company of Town{men of Walcheren, having a Grant from the States of the United Provinces fent a Colony to Tabago ; but they being {carce two hundred in all, were for the moft part deftroy’d by the (aribbeeans ; the reft weak or fickly, fearing the fame Entertainment, foughtto favethemfelves ; fo that the Ifland has not fore merly been frequented but by the French from Martinico, and Guadalupe, who for fome time came over onely to catch Turtles and Lamantins there. The (aribbeeans afo either in,theit March againft, or Return from the Arovages , Landed here for neceflary Provifions; Butof late the Lord Lampfen hathSetled a . a Plantation in this defolate Ifland,._» SecT. XXII, St. Chriftophers. T. Chriftophers, a pretty diftance from Tobago, receiv’d its Denomination from Simaton of Chriftopher Columbus, invited thereto by the fhape of 3 great Mountain, having prs Iland, as it were another leffer on one of its Shoulders, being fancy’d to reprefent the-Figure of the fuppos’d Giant Chri/topher, who is reported to have carry’d our Oo 2 Saviour 2 384 AMERICA. — Chap. XVIII. Saviour in the appearance of a little Child on his Shoulders through a deep Sea. This Ifland lying feventeen Degrees and twenty five Minutes Northward of the Fquinottial Line, hath twenty five Leagues in circumference. , The Soil light and fandy, refufes not the produétion of divers forts of Fruits common amongft us. a. “ Inthe middle of the Ifland rifes a high Mountain, out of which run frefh Streams, that fometimes fwell fo high with fudden Rains, that they drown all the Countrey nearthem, § 0 SR ie ee et This Ifland being jointly the Plantation of both Englifh and French, was divided Wad. into four Wards, two whereof have been long fince in pofleffion of the French, and the other two in pofleffion of the Englifh, ftrangely divided one from another ; for the Englifh in one. Ward cannot go to the other without troubling the French; and ’ fo on the contrary’; the Englifh have more Rivers and Peover te French more plain Land, fitter for Cultivation, and Forts furnifh’d with Gun: and Soldiers, A Entrances of the Paths which lead into the feveral Wards ftand Watchtho where Sentinels, or Watchemen ftand daily in theirtturns. > - —. . -é = *. - i 7 lish and French claim equal Inter want of Miners. 3 “0 The high Mountains, the Springs of boyling filphurous Water, and‘brambly Woods, hinder all paflage through the middle of the Ifland: ‘The Ground runs more and more floaping to the’ Sea-fide, and is ‘divided into feverat High-ways, along which ftand convenient Houfes,’ cover’d with red’ or! glaz’d Slate, fhaded with Trees, and environ’d with pleafant Gardens, to which ‘there is a delightful Pro{pecé from the Fields, of the green Tobacco.Leaves, the yellow Sugat-Canes, Ginger, and Potato’s. 9° 9 Wo ee , ; rg-ro __ Befides the f{catter’d Buildings, the French have built a compleat Town neat the the chief Town be convenienteft Harbor of their Quarter, call’d Baffe-Terre, where the Merchants ak. diel in fair Houfes built of Brick and Free-ftone ; whither all forts ‘of People bring their Commodities, and Truck’ their European Goods for'fuch as St. Chrifta- phers produceth. All manner of Trades and Handicrafts live alfo in this Town, and a Court of Judicature is kept every Week. Tde Church built of Free-ftone, is cover'd with the aforefaid red Slate, and was formerly Govern’d by the Capuchins ; but they being difmifs’d Anno 1646. the Government was given to the Je/uits and Carmelites ; who alfo built'themfelves other ftately Edifices : bt: the Jefuic Henrick du Vivier was the firft whobore the chiefeft Command over all.” | a ae The Sick that have not fufficient Means to maintain them, have an Hofpital ap- pointed, where all Neceflaries are provided for them; and towhich is added a School for the bringing up of poor Children. Deferiptin But the chiefeft Strugture is the Caftle, on the building whereof the Lord Poincy {par’d no Coft ; it is built half a French Mile from the Sea at the Foot of a high Mountain, fhadowed with great Trees.. In the Way thither ftand the Houfes of ' the prime Officers;and a long Walk of Orange and Lemmon-Trees leads to a large Court beforethe Front of the Caftle it felf, which is built fquare with Bricks and Free-{tone three Stories high ; and the Entrance into it is afcended by a large pair of Staits ; near the Gate which opensto the Welt, ftand great Stone Cifterns, into which they receive the Water through Pipes laid under Ground , the Chambers rae sa and a ~~" - - - . = sea —~- = = ~ Se a se ee —P seme td — 1 — - nas ey —_=- = a ea i bin - - : 4 4 "J a ; a a ’ ’ | “t ul | a i ' ye 1 be ’ . a : | 4 . | \ Sa = - 4 ep nr ee oe ea —— r ~ ‘i ~ > \ as = By = = ~~ - ¢ — so an = - ——<—— a a Chap: XVIII. AMERICA. 38 Halls are very lightfom and high, and the Walls of them adotn’ d with Cedar : ia flat Terrace on the top yieldsa pleafant Profpeé all over the Countrey ; the Windows . in the Front look open not onely upon the Orange Walk, but alfo igi feveral des lightful Plantations of Sugar-Canes and Ginger. | ‘Weltward appear feveral Mountains, whofe high Heads are invefted with evers flourifhing Trees ; and between the Palace and thofe Mountains’4 very large and ftately Garden, full of all manner of Flowers and other delightful Plants, as well thofe commonly known amongft us, as thofe peculiar tothat part of the World , in the middle thereof ftands a Fountain, deriving its Source from the Foot of 7 neighboring Hill. The Winds which blow from the Hills, and efpecially thofe cool Blafts daily coming out of the Eaft, fo tempers the Hot Climate, that it becomes very to- igeables When any News arrives here of the French Conquefts in Europe, they found the Trumpets on the top of the Caftle, and the Standards and Enfigns formerly taken bythe Governor in the Field, are hung out of the Windows. On one fide of the Caftle ftands a Chappel, and fomewhat farther on a rifing Plain,a row of Houfes, inhabited by certain Retainers to the Governor, and is call’d Angola. The Offices oa Lodgings for the Governor’s Servants are built of Brick, about the Caftle, which is fortifi’'d with five Sconces, whereon are planted feveral Guns. The Governor keeps nine hundred Slaves, and a hundred Frenchemen, to work in his three Sugar-Mills, to till his Ground, and for his Houfhold-Service. Several French Gentlemen have alfo built many fair Houfes here ; amongft which the chiefeft are thofe on which Poucy, Treval, Benevent, Girand, Auber, de la Roziere, de St. Andant, del’ Efperance, and de la Loche {pent great fums of Money. _ The Englifh alfo are not much inferior tothem in their Counties. Their Churches are fivein all; firft onthe Point of the Palm-Tree ftands a fait The Engi Church , a fecond near the great Road sbelow the English Governor’s Houle ; a third istbis Mand. at the Seatly Point ; which are all well built, and large enough for a ésufiderable Congregation ; the other ewo atthe Inlet Cayoune are fhort of the three firft: The Minifters thereof receiv’d formerly theit Benefices from the Bifhop of Canterbury, in (romwell’stime from the Tryers, as they were call’d ; but of late, fince the King’s Reftauration, from the Bifhop of Canterbury again. The beft Houfes belonging to the English were built by Mr. Warner, Mr. Rich, Mr. Evrard, and Col. Geffreyfon all fucceffively Governors of the Place. It was in the Year 1625. thatthe English and French jointly (De/nambuc Commans The ir Suet ding the French, and Thomas Warner the! English) Landed on this Eland of St. Chrifto» aang, phers, ata certain time when the Caribbeeans, perfwaded by their Boyex to deftroy all Strangers, were ready up in Arms, but they met with fuch Entertainment, that they foon loft their Courage, and yielded poffeffion to the Affailants: Not long af- ter which De/nambuc and Warner went (the one to Paris, and the other to London) to inform their Kings of the Condition of St. Chriftophers, and to raife a Company which might promote the Planting of it: Both attain’d their Defires, and had frefh Afiiftance given them ; for both Kings favor’d the Defign, in regard of the good Conditions that were ‘propos d to thofe that fhould go Undertakers thither : ‘And to prevent all Contentions between the Bnglish and French, they made Boundaries on each fide ; but Hunting, Harbors, Fifhing, Mites; Trees for Wainfcoting, and the _ like, were to remain in common; and each was to’ aflift the others The English Plantation increafed daily more thatt the Freneb; having cOnftant Suppli¢s from the . 8c 3 Company 7 : : : - ¢ _ - - : 4 4 j i! 7 * : Pp i ‘ . ' 5 + .? is 7] rd ‘ wa) ; rs We lo ‘ , : \ 2 } ‘ 4 Bit Wh i | ial oi 4 i . - on ’ if St 4 5 } |] - 7 + ii 4 lek : i an - * f “y < - f 3 : ’ wr an i a ieee 1 Pu Med: % VAR 7 ei] "new ; /, Py : : ‘| ® ii : Ps r ; ' 47 - : jy : ian. rit 8 pa 2 ¥f ' ; rics? 4 ny may! at " oh ae - PB ln, 44) ° + . _ | ; ha ‘ re + ¥ tal . KS & ; ‘pay ix ib d ’ - 4 1, ; \ |i as . & t C23 Vi 7 na Ge y 5 ee : | a “4] 4 : hy «| f +ia aw ) : s] (4 Y » ; * : : me Ae r : - ‘ ) : : | ' - - 4 r ; ‘ — 386 AMERICA. Chap:"XVIIL. Company in London ; when.ason the contrary,the Merchants at Paris grew Weary, being defirous firft tohave a Return for what they had already {pent, though the Countrey was not yet Manur’d ; wherefore De/nambuc going thither himfelf, made the Company underftand that they could not poflibly expeé to receive a Return, unlefs the Countrey were Planted with Tobacco, Indigo, Ginger, and Sugar, which requit’d both Timeand People. But whilft the BufinefS feem’d to go on ptofperoufly, a great Accident hapned which threw down the Work to nothing : for the Spanish King fet out a Fleet within the foreemention’d Year, of one and thirty Gallions, three Galeafles, and four Pinnaces,with feventy five hundred Men, under the Command of Frederick de Toledo, Emanuel de Minefes, and John Fajardo, from Cadiz, when before the Ifland St. fago there lay at the fame time twenty two Portn- guefe Galleys, fourteen Carvils, carrying four thoufand Men, Commanded by Anto- nto Nunnex Barreio, and Francifco de Almeida, who joyning with the Spaniards, took the City St. Salvador, and went about wholly to chafe out of the Caribbee Ifles all the English and French: in which Attempt nine English Ships lying before Nevis, were all taken by Toledo, who Sail’d within Cannon-fhot of St. Chriftophers, Come manded at that time by the French Captain Roffey, the Forts caft up by the Englifh and French not being ftor’d with Provifions nor Ammunition, and confequently no way able.o endure a Siege, and the lef, becaufethe Works were not quite finifh’d, neverthele{s Defnambuc immediately drew up his Soldiers to the Low-land, where he lay Intrench’d along the Coaft, to prevent the Enemies Landing ; but Roffey fuffer’d the Spaniards to Land without the leaft Refiftance : whereupon young Dx Parquet Sallying out of the Sconces, fell valiantly upon the firft Company, but be- ing forfaken by his Men, was rundown by the Multitude and kill’d : In the mean time all their Sloops full of Men Landed, infomuch that Roffey fearing to be fur. rounded, left his Trench and went up into the High-lands, whereby the Spaniards: became Matters of the Fort, but did not purfue their Victory, as {ulpeéting that the French might lie in Ambufcade in the next Wood ; andindeed they fufpedted not in vain, for the French having undermin’d their Forts, had laid Gun-powder in fome of the Cellars, which firing, blew up very many of the Spaniards, whilft Defnambuc Embarquing himfelf, fav’d thofe. which were not flain by the Enemy’s Sword. Mean while the Englifh relying on the League between the King of England and the Spaniard, made no Refiftance, ( notwithftanding they were inform’d that Frederick " Toledo had quite ruin’d the French Plantation, and put them all to the Sword) but. -fent Agents to Toledo, to put him in mind of the League between Spain and England, which henot taking notice of, alledg’d, That Pope Alexander the Sixth, when a. Controverfie arofe concerning the new Difcoveries in the Eaft and Weft, between the Crowns of Caftile and Portugal, had determin’d that Caftile had fole Right to the Weftern, World, and therefore that St. (hriftopbers, being a pare of the. Weftern’ World, according to the Pope’s Gift, belong’d to his Mafter Philip ; and infifting up. on that Allegation, he commanded them to quit their Righttothe Place ; to which purpofe he reftor’d them fix of the nine Shi ps taken at. Nevis, on Condition that they fhould immediately fer Sail for England, onely thofe whom the fix Veflels were not able to carry, were, permitted to ftay on the Ifland tilkthe next opportunity : After which Toledo weighing Anchorjwas {carce out of fight, when the English began to take new Courage,and gathering togetherto repair their ruin’d Works as well as poflibly they could with what Forces they had left ; for befides thofe who went for England in the fix Ships, being near two thoufand, the Spanish Admiral took fix hun- dred choice English, which he diftributed amongft his Fleet ; whilelt Defambuc {ul- fer’d a great deal of hardfhip, not onely through ill Weather at Sea, but alfo for: | want < ““_r ’ . { Chap. XIX. AMEK IC 4. 389 want of Provifions ; Having during this time been on the Iflands St. Martin, Mont- ferrat, and Antego, thinking to have poflefs'd himfelf of fome or other of them in ftead of St. Chriftopbers, but not finding fuch a fruitful Soil, and convenient Situa- tion, as what he had been forc’dito forfake; he was not forward to fixthere, but ra- ther judg’d it convenient to enquire concerning the Condition of St. Chriftophers, and at laft being inform’d bya Ketch, that the Enemy was gone to Havana, and the English were bufie in Tilling their Lands, he return’d to his old Station ; where nes verthelefs their Endeavors'to repair what was ruin’d, had been in vain, by reafon of the {carcity of Provifions, and want of other Neceflaries, had not in their greateft extremity fome Netherland Veffels arriving there, furnifh’d them with Provifions, Clothes, and other Neceflaries, on bare promifes of payment: But not long after growing rich with Tobacco, Sugars, Ginger, and Indigo, they made Satisfa@tion to all their Creditors, and at laft attain’d to the Condition before mention’d. In the late War between Us and the Dutch, the French taking advantage of our Engagement, endeavor'd to deftroy our Plantations there, and to make themfelves Mafters of the whole Ifland ; but the Matter being at laft brought to fome Agrees ment, Sir Charles Wheeler hath been very lately fent over thither by His Majefty to re-fettle Affairs there, and order the Capitulations between the French and Englifh. LRGERGEL EOE EEe Boe CECE ECE ECE EEEE sees ee ees eee CHAP. XIX. The Iflands Sotavento, andthe Ifle T rinidado. New Spain, and Southern America, the laft are the Ifles of Sotavento, which are reckon’d to be thefe three, Margareta, Cubagua, and Tabago,* but the laft is by moft accounted, and hath been mention’d amongft the Caribbees. : Margareta, fo call’d from the abundance of Pearls (of which the Spanish Appel- Srosion of lation comes near the Latine Margarite) found there by the Spaniards at their firft Difcovery, lies about the twelfth Degree of Northern Latitude over againft the Main Land of Cumana, from which it is diftant about feven Leagues : It is ac- counted fixteen Leagues long, and half as much in breadth, and was difcover’d by Columbus in his thitd Voyage in the Year of our Lord 1498. and wasat firft in great reputation, in regard of the rich Pearl-fifhing upon its Coafts, wherein the Spaniards (more favorable it feems to the Natives of this Place than ufual, becaufe of their readinefs to difcover their Treafures) employ’d Negro’s, brought from the Coaft of Guinee, whom by fevere Punifhments inflidted, they forc’d to {uch exceffive Labor, that many of them, though excellent Divers, were drown’d,others either devour’d, or lam’d by the ravenous great Fifh thereabouts, and by deftroying the very Seed through their infatiable greedinefs after Pearl brought the Trade of Pearl-fifhing in a fhort time to a very {mall Account, in refpecét of what it might have been, had it been well husbanded. Nor hath this Ifland oflate Years been much frequented, only inthe Year 1601. Captain Parker with a Fleet of English put on Shore here, and took as many Prifoners as he had fivehundred pounds of Pearl for the Ranfom of, and at his coming away took a Ship he met from off the Coaft of Angola, with three hundred and feventy Negro’s aboard her, who were going to be fold for Slaves. The Soil is notunfruitful, bringing forth feveral forts of Fruit, and ftore of : Maiz, if the Divifion we found to be made of the Iflands that lie between Florida and 339 AMERICA. : Chap. XIX,» Maix, and probably if improv’d, would as well bear Wheat, and other ufual kinds of Grain ; but there is great want of Water, which the Inhabirants aretroubled to fetch from the neighboring Continent. | , | Pine af Lhe Places of chief note, are 1. Monpater, a Fort built by the Spaniards in a Nook cust noe. of the Ifland, lying Eaftward to fecure the Pearl-fifhing Trade, and to defend the Town where the Governor refides, as alfo the Treafurer of the King of Spain’s Cue ftoms of Pearl, which have been formerly valu’d at yooool. yearly, 2. El valle de Santa Lucia, two Leagues from this Town, and as much from the Sea, a Spanifh Colony, i | 3+ Macanao, the onely noted Place belonging to the Natives, $ gfe Tedh Cubagua. apr Latitude, a League or thereabouts diftant from Margarita, and fix Leagues from the meareft Continent, and about three Leagues in circumference, Thisis alfo a very great Place for Pearl-fifhing, the benefit whereof hath been fo confiderable, that the King of Spain’s Fifths are {aid to have amounted fome years to fifteen thoufand Ducats , but otherwife of a poor and barren Soil, not onely de- ftitute of Water, but of Fruit, Grain, Herbage, and all manner of Cattel and eata- ble Beafts, except a few leanConeys ; neverthelefs, in refpect of the Pearl-fifhin Trade, the Spaniards have Planted herea Colony, which they call’d New (adiz, ha- ving plenty of Provifions brought them from the adjoining Coafts, and foon after their firft Planting grew in a fhort time fo powerful, that they became Mafters of one of the beft Ports of thofe Seas, call’d Maracapana Venezuela ; bur pon an Alarm of the Salvages of (umana,for a while deferted the Ifland, and betook themfelves to Eitfpaniola ; from whence neverthelefs being remanded back with freth Supplies, under the Command of James de (a/tellon, they foon re-inftated themfelves in their former Plantation, and made it more ftrong and flourifhing than before ; in which ftate they remain’d as Jong as the Pearl-fifhing Trade continu’d, but that decaying, the {plendor alfo of this Colony declin’d : fothat at prefent the onely thing which makes.the Place remarkable, is a Fountain on the Eat part of the Ifland, not far from the Sea, yielding a liquid bituminous Water, of fingular nfe in Medicine, and fometimes found floating on the Sea at two or three Leagues diftance. con? About four Leagues diftant from Cubagua there is an Iland call’d Coche, about three Miles in compafs ; It was difcover’d in the Year 1529. and was formerly lit- tle lefs confiderable for Pearl-fifhing than the othertwo. Situation of ice South-Welt of Margarita, about the eleventh Degree of North- SEcT. III. - Trinidado, pore varng “He MMland of Trinidado was firft difcover’d by (Columbus, Anno 1447. in his thitd Voyage, and by him fo call’d, as fome guels, from its three Points or Promontories ; but that feems not fo probable, in-regard it) is otherwile call’d La Trinidad, or Infula Sanita Trinitatis, and therefore is likely to have been dee nominated upon a religious Account: It lieth nine Degrees or thereabouts diftant from the Line, at the Mouth of the River Orenogue, and is feparattd from the Be | | © ~ of Paria, over againft which it lies by a Straight that is three Miles over, and which for the dangeroufnefs of pafling it, Columbus, the firft Difcoverer of it, call’d ‘Bocca del Draco ; the length thereof from the moft Southern Angle call’d Punta del Andrada, to the North-Eaft, call’d Punta del Galera, is reckon’d twenty five Leagues, (thofe that reckon fifty, may be {uppos’d to miftake Leagues for Miles) and the breadth about eighteen. | The Air of this Place is fo impure, that it is accounted the unwholfomeft [fland “hie Com: of all the Indies; neverthelefs the Soil is not unfertile,as bringing forth Sugar-Canes, the fad - Cotton, Maize, Tobacco of the beft kind, with other Commodities of the general growth of the We/t-Indies, befides ftore of good Fruit and Cattel , and one part of the Ifland call’d Terra de Bea, produceth great plenty of Pitch, but not of the bett kind ; and there have been difcover’d feveral Veins of Gold and other Metals. The Natives,fome fay, were antiently call’d Cairi, or Carai, and were diftinguifh’d into feveral Claws or Tribes, each under the Government of a Cafique, or petty Prince ; but moft of them dreading the Spaniards Cruelty, deferted the Ifland, and Setled themfelves in Guiana; and at prefent both this Place, Guiana, and El Dorado, have of Cuftom one andthe fame Governor, whofe Place of Refidence hete is St. Fofepbs, the chief, if not onely Town of the Ifland ; it ftands Southward upon the Carone. Here moft of that Tobacco is made, which is fold amongft us for Spanifh. In the Year 1595. Sir Walter Raleigh poffets’d himfelf of it, being then but a petty Village of about forty Houfes, and took Prifoner the then Governor Antonio Berreo, who, in all probability, to ingratiate himfelf with him, gave him fome light towards the difcovery of Guiana. On the North-Eaft of Trinidado, and not above eight Miles diftant from it, lies zdago. the Ifland of Tabago, which hath been alneady treated of, as one of the (aribbees, though fome willhave ic one of the Sotavento ; it is otherwife call’d New. Walcheren, from a Town of that Name in Zealand, from whence a Colony of Netherlanders was fent to Plant it. — Amongft others of the {mall ob{cure Ilands hereabouts, is Virgin Gorda, which is Visin Gorda: fometimes reckon’d amongft the Caribbee Iflands ; but fince there is nothing confi- derable to be fpoken of it, it is fufficient that it hath been mention’d, though nor punctually in its proper place. SITES MGM Ge Se SS SS Se Se Se Se i Sie Ses Se Shots Os a. el Ae of California> 4 Aving before’ made mention of California, as it is by fome taken for that catifornis WH large portion of Northern America which lies moft.Southward, and alfo ut- mad moft Weftof all that is known of the New World, and having treated of thofe feyeral Provinces which are generally reckon’d to be comprehended in it, (excepting California ftrigtly taken, as itis generally granted to be an Ifland) viz. Quivira,Cibolajand Nova Albion,lying on the Continent (though there want not thofle who make Nova Albion onely the North: part of California) we fhall clofe up our Difcourfe of thefe Iflands that lie Northward of the Equinoétial Lme with the afore- faid California, {pecially fo call’d, which was by many thought and defcrib’d to be but.a Peninfula, or half Iland, by.geafon that the Bay which divides it from Quivira and . — if - - = t | oR i 4 i : 4 1 . r 4 ; | af 7 i} 2 ie 44 HH : - ‘} 4 ‘| : ' iy be \y ys ‘ ‘ hd ee a a'r? : aa . 4 : 2, om ee . 7 ! i wo ; en : Hod iiiieae : « * | a ie ’ if. ap ,} z. 7 - ¥ " * | Fi " ‘ * i , *'. ; : -b * \ a’ ' : a“ 4 ce q * tt i) + ‘ | \ : ‘ ‘ { : AMERICA. Chap. XX. and New Gallicia, cowards the North runneth much narrower than it doth Sou. therly, which made them think, that fomewhere or other at the North it was joyn'd to the Main Land of America ; But later Difcoveries, as hath been faid, have found it to be a perfed Ifland, and altogether feparate. from the Continent: for about the Year 1620. fome Adventurers beating upon thofe Coafts Northward, acciden- tally, and before they were aware, fell upon a Straight, the Waters whereof ran with fuch a Torrent and violent Courfe, that they brought them ‘into Mar Vermiglio, whether they would or no, and before they knew it, and by that means difcover'd that California wasan Ifland, and that the Waters which were obferv'd to fall fo - violently into that Seatowards the North, were not the Waters of any River emp- tying it felfinto the Bay from the Main Land, as was formerly thought, but the Waters of the North: Weft Sea it felf, violently breaking into the Bay, and dividing it wholly from the Continent: It lieth North and South, extending it felf ina vaft length, full twenty Degrees of Latitude, viz. from twenty two to forty two ; but the breadth nothing anfwerable : The moft Northern Point of itis call’d Cape Blanche ; that to the South,Cape Se. Lucas, memorable for that rich and gallant Prize which Captain Cavendifh, in the Year 1587. being then in his Voyage about the World, took from the Spaniards near to this Place. As for the Ifland it felf, it is at prefent little, ifat all inhabited by the Spaniards, whether it be that they want Men to furnifh new Plantations, or that they find no matter of invitation and encou- ragement from the Gountrey, or perhaps that the accefs thither be not fo eafie : for ‘tis reported to be wonderfully well peopled by the Natives, and that there were found onely upon the Coafts and along the Shore of Mar Vermiglo,twenty ot twenty three Nations, all of different. Languages ; though from the particular Natrations that have been made of the Voyages of feveral eminent Perfons into thefe Parts, it appears that the Spaniards have taken great painsin the difcovery thereof, and alfo from the feveral Spanifh Names of Places, that they have had Plantations here fore merly, however negleéted at prefent. | The Cufoms The Countrey is abundantly well ftor’d with Fifh and Fow!, as appears partly ou Nt by the Natives, whotake a huge pride in making themfelves gay with the Bones of the one, with which they-load their Ears, and fometimes their Nofes alfo; and with the Feathers of the other, which ordinary People wear onely fticking about their Waftes; but Great Perfons, and fich as will be fine indeed, befet their Heads ftrangely with them, and have commonly.one Bunch of them bigger than ordi- nary hanging down behind them like a Tail. | Having no knowledge of the true God, they worfhip what the Devil will have them, that is, the Sun, attributing to it onely the increafe of their Plants, healthful ‘Seafons, and moft of the other good things they enjoy, or arefenfible of, Their Go- Their Government is faid to be onely Oeconomical, each Father ordering the Af- fairs of his Family apart, without fubjection to any other Superior ; yet fo well manag'd, that they live in good Peace one with another; not without many good Laws and Cuftoms, viz, That they allow but one Wife toone Man; That they punifh Adultery with Death ; That they fuffer not Maids to-talk or converfe with Men till they be Married ; That Widows may not Marry till they have Mourn‘d at leaft one half year for their Husbands deceafed ; and divers others of like nature, which perhaps, if the truth were known, do more propertly belong to the Natives of Utopia, or New Atlantis, than to thefe, of California, | | Pls of The Places therein, as yet ob{erv’d, are onely upon the Sea-coafts, 1. The Capes of St. (lara and St. Lucas the one at the South-Eaft end of the Ifland,looking towards New Gallicia, the other at the South-Weft, looking into the Sea, and towards Afia. — = | | | 2. Ste Chap. XX. AMERICA. 391 2. St. Crace; fo nam‘d from its being firft di{cover’d on Holy-RoodsDay, being a large and convenient Haven, not far from Cape St. Clara. 3. Cabo de las Playas, fo call'd from a company of listle bare afillockd appearing from the Sea, and i is more within the Bay. 4+°Cabo Baxd, fo tér’d; as lyingzowards the bottom of the Gulf, 5: St. Andrews, another convertient Haven upon an Ifland of the fame Name... 6. St.Thomas, an Ifland at the Mouth of the Gulf or Bay, of abont twenty five Leagues in compafs, rifing Southerly with an high mountainous Point, under which is a convenient Road for Shipping, and twenty five Fathoms of Water. On the other fide of the Ifland, towards the Main Sea, there is 1. St. Abad, a good Haven, and almoft furrounded with a pleafant and fruitful Countrey. , 2, Cape ‘Trinidado, 2 noted Promontory. 3. Cape de Cedras, foicall’d (together with a {mall [fland-near it) from the ftore of Cedars grpwing thereabouts. 4. Enganno.~ 5. Puebla de las Canoas; {o nam’d from the sbundande of thofe lit- tle Boats which the Americans generally oe and do:call (anoos, whereof perhaps fome ftore are made'there. 6. (abode Galera, from its refemblance to a Rar. | It is believ’d chereake many more Promontories and Bays on both fides of this Ifland, befides Rivers and Iflets, yet:noe nam’d; and alcogethet unknown. Moreo- ver Dr. Heylin hath well dbidty’ d, that thofe above-mention’d:are the Names onely of Places, and not of Towns and Villages, though'doubrlefs:there muft needs have been fome fcatter’d Houfes, built formerly by the Spaniards in fo many Expeditions. The firft Difcoverer of thefe Parts was Ferdinando Cortez, who having in the Year s.Be 1534 fet out two Ships to that purpofe from St. Jago, a Haven of New Spain, and px of Set not finding the Succe{s an{werable to his Expeétation, went next Year himfelf in Perfon, and pafs'd a good way up the Gulf, but for want of Provifions was fore’d to return without having done any thing to the purpofe. In 1539. one Francifco, a Companion of Cortez in the former Expedition, Set out upon AMERICA. Chap. XVIIL. ~ upon his own Charges, and having Coaftedall about, both upon the Eaftérn and Weftern Shores, he at laft Landed, but not without notable oppofition from the Natives, who with much clamour, and many antique Geftures fet upon his Men fo furioufly with Stones and Arrows, that they had met with a fhrew’d Repulfe, had it not been for the Valor of their Auxiliaries,the Maftifi Dogs, which it feems they us’d to carry along with them in thofe kind of Voyages ; but at laft he got footing fo far, that he took poffeffion in the Name of the King of Spain with the ufual For- malities , and following the Example of Columbus, fetupa Crofs in the Place for a Memorial and Teftimony of his having been there, : faker , Much about the fame time Marco de Nifa a Francifcan, undertaking a Voyage in- of thele to thefe Parts, reported Wonders at his Return, of the plenty of golden Mines, ftately Cities, fet out with magnificent Buildings, the very Gates whereof were enrich’d with Turquoifes, and other Precious Stones, and whofe meaneft Inhabitants went glittering in Gold and Mother of Pearl, and of the flourifhing Condition of the Kingdoms of Acu, Tonteac, and Marata; whereupon the Governor of New Gallicia was fent by the then Vice-Roy of Mexico, with great hopes of bringing back a;Con- firmation of thefe Reports; but whether out of fpite to be deceiv’d in his Expe- étation, or having real caufe foto do, he reprefented all things as mean and defpi- cable, as the Fryer had proclaim’d them rich and glorious. ag | vas ‘The next that went upon this Defign was Ferdinando de Alarcon, who is reported to have Sail’d many Leagues up a River call’d Buena Guia, and there to have fee ceiv’d Homage of Naguacatus, one of the Heads of the Californian Tribes. E guritt tit One more Attempt was made in the Year 1642. by Roderico Cabrillo, who difco- | ver'd the Ifland of St. Luke, and another call’d The I/land of Poffe/sion ; and this was the laft we hear of that thought it worth while to go an Undertaker to thefe Coafts, andever fince all Undertakings hither, have been fo wholly laid afide, that what-ever-was once difcover’d in.thefe Parts, feems rather to be loft and forgotten, than any way improv’d. - wea , a tf As for Nova Albion, whereas many determine it to be onely the utmoft Northern patt of California, though it doth not abfolutely appear to be fo from the Relation | _ of Sir Francis Drake’s Dilcovery of it, we judge it agreeable to Method and Deco: sum not wholly to omit the mention of it in this place,though it hath been already fpoken of, and the aforefaid Relation deliver'd at large amongft the reft of thofe Provinces of largely-taken California, which were taken for granted to be upon the | Continent. le, ; | | Drik’s Ac- Dake and his Company brought home this Defcription of the Countrey and its Couey. Inhabitants, vig, That the Countrey was exceedingly well ftor'd with Deer, Grazing up and down the Hills by thonfands in a company ; That the Men generally went naked all over, the Women ufing onely a piece of a Mat, or fome fuch thing in flead of an Apron ; ‘That their Flou- fes were built onely of Turf and Ofer, yet fo wrought together, that they ferv'd very well to keep out the Cold ; in theamidjt of it was their Hearth where they made their Fire, and lay all round about it together upon feveral Beds of Bull-Rujhes. What their Towns were, or whither they bad any, is altogether unknown.’ Sede Rode MES, ae Rie scene 393 ye cE oe Gee Se Ory Mh i {> yeas —_ Gili, ore os cA i“ the ee a RE BOs The Third Book. | A DESCRIPTION SeeaAving compleated our Delcription of Mexicana, or Nor- Saha ae nn = i thern America, being that great Peninfula which lies North- poesia ee Z ek ward of the Iphmus, or Straight of Darien, together with all Si the Iflands on the North fide of the Equinoétial Line, we Ne) come now to the Southern Part, otherwife call’d Peruana, Ea) from Peru the chief Kingdom thereof, being» the other great Peninfula » which lies Southward of the aforefaid | Straight : It is generally refembled to the form of a Pyra- midestvers‘d.. ; “the Bafis whereof, that isto fay, the more Southerly parts of it to- wards Magellanica and the-Straights, extend themfelves largely both Eaft and Weft, becoming more fharp and freight towards the North, and thofe parts by which it is joyn’d to Mexicana: in the whole itis fuppos’d to contain a Circuit of feventeen thoufand Miles at-leaft, and is water’d with four of the greateft Rivers of the World, befides seats of lefler Streams, which ifluing from the Andes and other Mountains of the Countrey, dorun from all Parts both into the North and South Sea, much icilizing the poueereys through which they piles - the four principal are hele following : . 1. Orellana, fo call’d fiom the firft Difcowery thereof by Francifcus de Orellana) Te cet Re otherwifle che River of Amazons, from a Generation of warlike Women, who (asthe Tradition g0¢s) inhabited certain Countreys lying upon the Banks thereof. This ap . rifeth AMERICA. Chap. II. rifeth in the Province of Peru, and runneth a Courfe of little lefs than five thou. {and Miles, difcharging i it fel. at laft intothe North Sea through a Channel,as fome fay, of threef{core Leagues broad, and yet with fuch a violent Current or Stream, that it is faid to keep its natural colour and tafte almoft thirty Milesin the Sea. 2. Orenoque, by fome call’d-Raliana, from Sit Walter Raleigh, who endeavor’d to difcover it, a River of the Province of Guiana, whofe Head or Spring is not yet dif- cover'd’: Itis faid to be Navigable a thoufand Miles together by the talleft Ships, and no lefsthan two thoufand by Pinnaces and {maller Veflels,and difchargeth it felf likewife into the North Sea by fixteen fevetal Channels or Mouths, making thereby feveral Iflands ; fome whereof are faid to be of good bignels, and to lie at a diftance of a hundred Miles or more one from the other. — , . Maragnon, a River of a yet larger Courfe than any of the former, being, as tis faid, no lefsthan fix thoufand Miles from its Head, which is out of the Andes in Peru, to itsFall, which is likewife into the North Sea abinl Cape Blanco, by a Chan. riel bE feventy Leagues in breadth. 4. Rio de la Plata, otherwife call’d Paraguay, a River of two inated Miles Bont and falling as the reft into the North Sea, by a Channel of threefcore Miles over, and about thirty Degrees siguesep aa of che Line, towards the Straights of Micdibe. The Moun- The Andes, or Mountains before Ras ee | being the moft noted, and biggeft of all America, and indeed of the whole World, and thought by Cortef ws to be the fame with Sephar, {poken of in the tenth Chaprer of Genefis, run above a thoufand Leagues in length from Timama, 2 Town of New Granada in the Province of Py payan, and are in the narroweft place about twenty Leagues broad ; and alfo of equal heighth with) if not higher than Caneafus it felf : i. Afcent to them j is un- paflable, except in very few places, by reafon of craggy Precipices, and wild over- grown pathlefs Woods, ferving onely fora fhelrer to Serpents and other poyfonous Animals, which arethere fo numerous, that a whole Army of one of the Kings of Peru is teported, to have been deftroy’ 4 by them ; and whateever People there are inhabiting in any of thefe Woods and Faftnefles, muft needs be in Sony very utmoft degree of rude and brutifh falvagenels. Some divide Southern America into Peruviana and Brafi Gidea :-Pernviana they fub- divide into Terra Firma and Peru ; Brafiliana into Brafileand Paraguay : But the mot receiv d and commodious Dilateated is into thefe particular Provinces following, all of them wealthy and large, viz, 1. CaStella Aurea, or Golden Caftile. 2. Nova Granada, or The New Kingdom, as they call it. 3. Pern, {pecially fo call’d. 4. Chile. 5 Para. ghay. 6. Brafile. 7. Guiana. 8.Laftly Paria, with fome leffer Mands adjoyning to all or moft of thefe Provinces, and commonly reckon‘d as part of them. EE A OE ———_— — -_ 7 o , < ee ee — hn ila om Sch SCAU RAReGE Reet eie sseasnoaeeasnogeees CHAP. IL Caftella Aurea, ‘ii oat call’d Terra Firma. a ll lage ous _.. : Aurea. the I/thmus, or Straight of Darien, which hath not been yet {poken'of, being bounded Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, with the Atlantick Ocean ; and onthe Weft with Mare del Zur, and ome, part of Veragua ; Southward i it hath the new rigs 8 Ca del Oro, as the Spaniards call it, or Golden Caftile, taketh up allthe reft of \ ‘Chap. Il. wdMER IEC «A. 395 new Kingdom of Granada. Ic is call’d fometimes Terra Firma, becaufe it was one — of the fit parts of firm Land which the Spaniards touch’d upon, after they’ had pals d fo many Iflands, as fe¢m’d for fome time to block up, and bar them from the Continentof America: It is fubdivided into thefe inferior Provinces ot Coun: treys, vix.0 1s Panama. 24Dariens 23. Nova Andaluxias 4. St. Martha. 5. Laftly, the little Province De la Hacha. ; | The chief Rivers of the Province of Panama are 1: Chagre,as it was antiently call’d, *""* but afterwardsfrom the great number of Crocodiles that harbor in it, Rio de La- gartos, falling into the North Sea between Nombre de Dios and Porto Bellano. 2. Sar- dinilla. 3. Sardina. 4. Rio de (olubros, fo call’d from the abundance of Snakes breeding thereabouts.» 5. Rio de Comagre, which falls into the fame Sea. 6. Chepo, famous in times paft for its Gold-Sands, 7. Rio de Balfas, whofe Banks are fhaded with good Timber-Trees.. 8. Rio de Congo, which falls into St. Michaels Bay. Sect. Panama. Anama, commonly call’d ‘The Diftrié, or Circle of Panama, is bounded Eaftward os Dp with the Gulf, or Bay of Urraba, by which it is feparated from the reft of the Continent of this Southern part of America ; on the Weft ithath Veragua, one of the Provinces of Guatimala; being on both the other fides wafh’d with the Sea : Ic is {uppos’d to contain in length from Carthagena and Popayan, to the Confines of Veragua, about,eighty or ninety Leagues, in breadth not ‘above threefcore in any part; and where ic is narroweft, viz, betwixt the City of Panama and Nombre de Dios, if meafur'd by a right Line, not above fix or feven over from Sea to Sea. It lieth almoft under the Equinoétial ‘Lines but a few Degrees Northward of it, and therefore fomewhat hot, and by the neighborhood of both Seas fubjec& to a foggy and grofs Air,in comparifon of fome other parts, fo that it isnot counted generally fo healthful a Countrey, efpecially for Strangers, and in Summer-time. sk The antient Divifion of Panama, according to the Lordfhips of the (afigues that The silent then Govern’d, were thefe following: Careta, Aila, Comagre, Chiam, Coyba, Chame, Parana. Chiru, Nata, Tobre, Trota, Haylia, Burica, and Efcotia, where the South Sea with the Spring-Tides flowing over the Plains, at its return being hardned by the Sea, is turnd into Salt; but as ic hath always hapned in all other Countreys of the World, that with the alteration of Government, the Divifion of the Countrey, and the Names of Places have totally chang’d, fo.alfo here the antient Divifion of Regions and Territories muft give place to the Modern, The antient Inhabitants of thefe Parts were a very warlike People, the Women The Matar always accompanying their Husbands inthe Wars. They us’d to hang onthe tops of the ani of their Standards the Bones of their greateft Heroes, thereby to animate their Sole diers. Their Arms confifted of poyfonous Arrows, Stone Swords, and Pikes made of the Palm-Trees. They alfo carried with them the Idol Chiapa, to whom they Offer’d living Children at the beginning of their Wars, and afterwards making Merry with the Flefh, anointed the Image with the Blood : Moreover, if they re- turn’d home Conquerors, they {pent feveral days in all manner of Debaucheries, as Drinking, Singing, Dancing, Curting their Prifoners Throats, with their Blood alfo anointing their Image. But if they were conquer’d, then they invented new Offerings to reconcile themfelves with their Idol, - The chief Towns and Places which the Spaniards inhabit here, are 1. Panama, Te" 24 ? Places ot chief P Pp 2 the": AMERICA. Chap. Il, the chief City of the Province, being alfo a Bifhop’s See, which is Suffragan to the Arch-bifhop of Lima, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor and Courts of Juftice for thefe Parts: Icis feared likewife upon the South Sea, and fonear, that at High-water the Ships are {aid to Ride even under the Walls. Through this Town the Wealth both of Peru and Spain pafleth once every Year ; from Spain by Nombre de Dios and Porto Bello, from whence whatfoever Merchandife or other Commodi- ties come from Spain, are Tranfported to Panama by Land, and from thence by Sea to all the Parts of Pera, and by Panama whatfoever comes from Peru, is fent into Spain: It hath commonly a ftrong Garrifon of Soldiers in it, and is doubtlefs a Place otherwife well fortifi’d, being of fo great importance. From the Haven Pericos three Ways lead to Panama, the firtt along a Bridge over a River, whofe Banks ate great Fortifications to the City, the rather becaufe the River is deep, and next it a Pool over-grown with Weeds. The Way from Nombre de Dios plain and without Woods, is wath’d by the Brook Levendero. The third runs along over a Stone Bridge and Champain Grounds, that extend from the Haven Pericos to the City. Eaftward from Panama appeat feven Royal Houfes on a Rock, wherein the Courts of Judicature are kept. Five hundred Rods into the Sea lies an Mland re. fembling a Half-Moon, and the Haven wherein the Ships when they unlade caft Anchor, there being elfe not Water enough for laden Barques, and all lie dry, the Tide beingont : At the Month thereof ftands a woodden Sconce. ‘The Places Venta de (ruze, Chagre, Quebrada, and Ballano,are alfo fortifi'd againft any Invafion, where elfean Enemy might eafily Land: But the’ ftricteft Watch is kept at the River Chagre, which Weftward below Nombre de Dios falling into the Northern’ Ocean, brings the Ships up to Venta de Cruze, from whence a Way fcarce five Leagues long leads to Panama. Tche Spanifh Commodities confifting moft in Meal, Oyl, Biskets, Cloth and Silk} are all brought from Nombre de Dios along the fame Way ; or elfein “Winter when they cannot ftem the Current of the River Chagre, then they bring their Goods by Land, not without great danger of being taken by the run-away Negro’s, who fet upon them out of the Woods with poyfon’d Darts and Arrows ; and as many Spaniards as they take, {q many feveral ways they put them to death, becaufe they formerly in the time of their Servitude were us'd with all imaginable Cruelties. "The Provifions fold here at a reafonable Rate are Maix, Peruan-Meal, Poultrey, Honey, Cattel, Swine, Oranges, Lemmons, Cabbage, and all manner of Garden Herbs or Plants. Round about the foreemention’d Royal Houfes lie Bul- warks, with a ftrong Caftle on one fide. A fair Cathedral denotes the Place tobe a Bifhtop’s See: And the Francifcans, Dominicans, and Monks of the Order De la Merced, inhabit feveral fair Cloyfters here. Two Leagues Weftward is the Haven Pericos, which being fecur’d from all Winds by three high Ifles that lie before it, is the chief Harbor in which the Peruan Plate-Fleet (confifting moft in {mall Barques) comes to an Anchor before they touch at Panama... The Countrey is for the moft part Mountainous, and in many places fends forth ftinking Damps out of muddy Pools ; yet in fome places are Savanna Grounds for Cattel to Graze in. The Air would alfo be more unhealthful, if it were-not clear’d by the Winds which blow from the Sea. From July to Ofober there fall continual Rains, mix’d with terrible claps of Thunder. The Inhabitants often recreate themfelves in Hunting ‘wild Hogs, with Nets made of the Brambles call’d Nequen or Henachen, and that after a ftrange manner: for they fet on fire the Bufhes all about the place wherethey fup- pofe the Game to lie, which to fhun the Fire runs into their Nets, fo that the {ame Bufhes are both their fhelter and deftruétion, as affording Material to make ‘the Nets wherein they are taken. Befides other Birds the Woods alfo abound with | ”~” Pheafants Chap. I. | A MERIC 4. 197 Pheafants and-Tuttle-Doves ; and amongit Bealts, thofe that catry their Young | about them in a Bag,.as alfo wild Cats.) The Sea’ abounds with Fifh,and produces Crocodiles of a large fize, by the-Spaniards call’d Lagartos. The Trees are feldom without Leaves, but bear little or no Fruit, 2 Nombre de:Dios, which hath broad Streets, high wooden Houfes, and a fair Church : It extends from Eaft ro Weft along the Neaihens Ocean, in die middle of a great Wood on Moorifh Ground, having a great Fen on the Wett ; being ficu- ate under an unwholfom Climate, it hath occafion’d the death of many People. The Merchants which dwelt here had alfo'Habitations in Panama, (the reft of the Houfes being moft of them Inns for Strangers) from whence as foon as they had gotten an Eftate they went to Spain. The Countrey round about lies under Water - jn many places. The Oranges, Caffada-Roots, and the like, which stow here, oc- cafion many Diftempersto thofe that eat of them. In the Harbor, which hath on * each fide a Ridge of Rocks, on which lies decay’d Forts, the Sea is often-times fo turbulent, that the Ships are forc’d to Ride at fix Anchors apiece. Eaftward from the City a frefh- Water River fallsinto the Haven, on whofe Banks ftand feve- ral Garden-Houles-and Orchards, Anno 1595. Six Francis Drake arriving here, found a Mill beyond the Cicy; not far from which on a Hill ftood a Watch-houfe, of which having made himfelf Mafter, he fet fire on the Town Nombre de Dios, as alfo on all the Veltels that were in the Harbor. The original of the Name NCoinbie de Dios was on this occafion, biz. Diego’ Niquefa fetting Sail with three Ships out of the Haven Carthagena to the Golden Countrey Veragua, was furpris’d by a violent Storm, in which two Ketches, Commanded by Lupus de Olano and Peter Umbria were driven out of fight,whileft he fuffer’d fhipwrack, and getting afhore, rang’d up and -down in'a defolate Countrey, where he found no other Food but Roots, tillarlaft | he met with Olano ; when the Famine began to'increafe amongft them in fuch a nature, that being {carce ableto carry their Arms, many of them werg kill’d by the Inhabitants with poyfon’d Arrows, infomuch that of feven hundred there remain’d {carce ninety : Nique{a fhipp’d as many of them in a new Veflel which they had made as it could poffibly carry, and promis’d to fetch the reft off from Veragna as - : foon as he had dilcover’d a Place fitco be inhabited : The firft Place he Landed at was Puerto Bello; from whence being neceffitated by the Indians who gather'd toge- ther to Retreat Ahosuds not without the lofs of feveral Men, he fet Sailto the Pro- montory Mormor, beyond which he Anchor’d in a fecure Haven ; where, as he was going afhore he call’d to his Men, faying, Saltiamo in tierra al Nombre de Dios, that is, Let*us Land in the’ Name of God, and cafting up.a Fort againft the Aflaylts of the Naé tives, call’d ic Nombre de Dios. | _3- St. Philip, or Puerto Bello, fo-denominated by Chriftopher Columbus from its — Haven lying alongthe North Sea, wonderful convenient and fecure, by reafon of the good Ground for Anchoring, and a Creek in the fame, defended from all forts of Winds, and which being furrounded with Woods, hatbi much ovér-flow’d Land about it, as alfo abundance of good Gravel for Ballatt. for which and feveral other Biaalaris, the famous Architect Baptifta Antonelli savie’ d the Spanifh King, to | "build this City for a Staple of Trade (in ftead of Nombre de Dios, which was found unhealthy) having pitch’d upon an excellent Situation for it, viz, on a Plain at the Foot of a Hill,where there are three freth Rivulets, meeting aie a fruitful and hot Countrey : wherefore his Advice being taken, they firft built a Fore at the Mouth of the Haven, put five Guns into the fame to defend the-new City, and’ on the Shore a Qiong Tower with eight Drakes: Moreover, the Rocks along the Shore, and clofe Woods about the Haven prevent the Landing of an cee But at Pp 3 the : AMERICA. Chap. II, the very time that this City was juft begun to be built, Sir Francis Drake having burnt Nombre de Dios, ran into the Hayen Puerto Bello, where he found ten Houfles, belides the Governors Palace, and a Caftle whofe Breaft-works which the Spaniards had lately rais’d of Timber,Stone,and Earth, were all demolifh’d by the Englifh: But the Spaniards have fince re-built the fame, and fortifi’d the Haven, with two ftrong Caltles, nocwithftanding in the Year 166x, it was furpriz’d and taken by the Englifh under the Command of Captain Parker, and the Governor Petro Mélendex taken Prifoner. | an 4. Nata, commonly call’d St. Jago de Nata, fituated on the Weft fide of this Pro- vince,upon Mare del Zur or The South Sea; about thirty Leagues diftant from Panama, _ towards the Borders of Veragua. ae | 5+ Acla, a Town upon the fame Coaft, but lying South-Eaft of Nombre de Dios : It was at firft onely a Fort built by Peter de Arias, but afterwards grew up into a {mall City, of which at prefent there is nothing remaining but the remembrance of the famous Va/quez Nunnex, Beheaded by his Father-in-law Arias. 6. Laftly, La Crux Real, a few Leagues diftant from Panama, for the moft part inhabited by a fort of Negro’s call’d Simmerones. rae’ Along the North Coaft of Panama are two {mall-woody Iflands call’d Cattiva and Comagre, lying low in the Water ; alfo the Ifle De Pines, which rifes high out of the Sea near the Main Land, ere | | | rae * Onthe Southern Coaft are ole de lus Perlas, or The Ifles of Pearls, about twenty five in number, bur indeed rather Rocks than Iflands, excepting two, viz. Taroreque and Del Rios where in former times the Indians took great ftore of Pearls, by diving for them to the bottom of the Sea; andthey were efteem’d of greater value and ex- cellence than thofe of Cubagua, and great profit. was made of them by the Spaniards, till by their Cruelties exercis’d upon the Natives through exceflive greedinefs, they depopulated the Iflands, and loft that.alcogether of which before they were fo in- fatiable ; they are now onely inhabited by.a few Moors and other Slaves, who keep Cattel there for their Matters. | | | | Coprain Ox- Te will not feem amifs to conclude our Defcription of Panama with a fhort Ac: pedo. count of the Englifh Captain John Oxenham’s Exploits in thefe Parts : ‘He being in- cited by the Trealure which Sir Francis Drake fetch’d from hence, refoly’d to Steer for the Northern Coaft of Panama, where he hal’d his Ship of a hundred and twenty Tun on Shore, and cover’d the fame with Trees, buried’ his Guns, and march’d with two Field-Pieces and.feven Men up into the Countrey; and wasby the Indians conducted toa River which falls into the South Sea, where he built 2 Pinnace of forty five Foot long, and Sailing into the South. Sea, Landed on Tararequi, one of the Iflands of Pearls; where he foon after took a Peryan Barque with fixty thoufand pieces of Gold, fore of Wine and Bread, and the day following another which came from Lima, loaden with a hundred thoufand Pound in Silver Bars,and fome Pearls, with which being enrich’d he return’d tothe Main : The Governor of Panama being inform’d of it, puta hundred Soldiers into four Barques, befides a confiderable number of Negro Slaves ; over which Juan de Ortego having the chief Command, was inform’d at Tararequi what Courfe the Englifh had fteer’d ; where- upon he purfu’d them to the River whither they were gone, which falling with three Arms into the Sea, they could not have known which way the Englifh went, uniefs they. had feen fome Feathers of Fowls driving inthe Mouth of the leaft Branch, by which they judg’d that they were not far off ; therefore Rowing up they found after four days Journey the Pinnace hal’don Shore, and watch’d by fix, Men, who were order’d to ftand Sentinel, whereof one being fhot by the gion | ) Sats the sither Gv fled ; whom Ortega purfuing, found half League fromthe Shore a Hut made of Boughs, wherein the Booty lay, which he {peedily carried to his Barques ; but Captain Oxenham inform’d hereof,fell with two hundred Indians upon the Spaniards, who having a Wood on their Backs made fuch advantage thereof; that eleven Bnglifh were flain, and feven taken, and had not the teft fled, they had all ~ been either kill’d or ene Prifoners : Thole that were taken iaform’d Ortega that they had been at difference amongft themfelves about dividing the Booty, which was the reafon of their flaying fo long :_ moreover, they difcover’d where and how their Ship lay ; all which the Governor of Bisasinn writ to Nombre de Dios; from whence four Sail were immediately fent to find out the Ship and the biveied Guns, as alfo to take all {uch Englifh as they fhould find preparing of Boats or Barques, and bring them to Panama; whereupon very many were taken, who were all mife- rably flain, except a few Youths. SecrT. IIL. Darien. make a diftin& Province, is reckon’d one and the fame with, or at leah part of, Panama, hath on the North the Diftri& or Circle of Panama ; on the South, the new Kingdom of Granada; Eaftward it is bounded with the Gulf of Urraba shpusiaid and fome part of the River Darien, which giveth Name to the Province; and tothe Weft, withthe South Sea ; ofa moretemperate Air by far than that of Panama, and a Soil fo admirably fenivfal and lufty, that they fay Me- ons, Cucumbers, and generally all other Fruits of the Garden, are ripe and fit to gather within twenty days or lefs, after their firft fowing, but very much infefted by noxious Creatures, as Lyons, Leopards, wild Cats, Crocodiles, Serpents, and Bats, after whofe Bitings a Man bleeds to death, unlefs he wafhes che Wound well with Sea-water, or ftop it with hot Afhes; sd no lefs by the unwholfomnefs of the Air, which is infefted by the many inking Damps that arife from the muddy Pools. The Inhabitants are fickly, and feeming generally to be troubled with the Yellow Jaundice, never attain to a great Age : they gonaked, the Men onely co- vering their Privities with a Shell or Corton-Cloth : The Women wear.a Cloth which reaches from the Middle downto their Knees, but if Women of Quality, to their Feet. The Spaniards have many years ago made thiingelivcs Matters of this Province of Sofie Darien, in which Alphonfus Fogeda built the City Sebaftian, which was inhabited till whom bail a Spanifh Knight call’d Ancifivs, Anno 1510. built Antiqua, and made it a Bifhop’s See, which by reafon of the unwholfomnefs of the Place was remov’d to Panama, when Vafquex, Nunnex difcover'd theSouthern Ocean,Anno 15 90-becaule Antiqua lay on a low Ground between high Mountains, where the Sun burnt exceedingly, and the Wayto the South Sea,being three Leagues from thence, it was very trou- blefom to convey Merchandife thither. But a worfe Accident befell the Town S¢. Cruiz, which being built by the Spanih Captain Peter de Arias, was ruin'’d by the Indians. The chief Riversare 1. Darien, which gives Name both to the Province and the Rirers Provincial Town, and falls into the Gulf of Urraba, being a large Arm of the Sea, eight Leagues over atthe Mouth thereof. 2. Rio de las Redas, which runs in like manner through the Province of Nova Andalaia and falls sees into the fame Gulf. So D* which by fome Authors not being thought confiderable enough to Deleriprion 4.00 uf M PREC oe Chap. I. Places of chief note. Delcription of New Au- daluzia, Nature and Cuftoms of the antient Inhabitants. The Coun- trey Drraba. Solikewife doth. 3. Rio de la Trepadera. 4. Corobaci. 5. Beru, chiefly remarkable up- on this Confideration, that fome curious Etymologifts have endeavor’d to derive the Name of Peru from this River, by the alteration onely of the initial Letter. The chief, and indeed the onely Town of this Traét is Darien, built as aforefaid by Encifus, a Spanifh Adventurer, and by him call’d St. Maria Antiqua, and by others The Antique of Darien, being one of the firft Towns that were built by the Spaniards on the firm Land; though there are who make mention of two other {mall Towns or Villages, the one nam’d at leaft, if not built by the Spaniards, viz. Los Angelos, fcarce inhabited at prefent by any but the Salvages ; theother an antient Town of | the Natives, call’d Bizu. Tur i: SECT. IV. New Andaluzia. Aftward of Darien and the Gulf of Urraba, lieth the Countrey of New Andalue 8 zia, otherwife call’d Carthagena, from the Name of its principal City: On the Eaft it hath the Countrey call’d St. Martha; on the North, the Main Ocean ; and New Granada towards the South. It is for the moft part a Mountains ous Countrey, and full of Woods,which they fay yield abundance of Rozen, Gums, and fome very good Balfams ; alfo a fort of Long-pepper, much fharper than that of Eaft-India. But the Plains, by reafon of much Rain, towhich the Countrey ‘is fubject, efpecially for fome times of the year, of but a fpewy and cold Soil. The Spaniards at their firft coming found it a rich Countrey, not fo much from the Na- ture and Profits of the Soil (thoughit be faid tohave fome Mines in it, and thofe of Gold). but by reafon of a certain Opinion and Refpeét, which the Americans of thefe Parts are generally faid to have born towards this Countrey, ‘infomuch that they would be brought and buried there from other Places very remote; and accord- ding to the Cuftom of the Countrey, not without'good ftore of Gold and other Jewels, according to the Quality and Condition of the Perfon that was buried : of which the Spaniards {oon gain’d Intelligence, and in ranfacking the Graves and Monuments of the Dead, are {uppos’d to have found an infinite Mafs of Treafure: but thofe Mines are long fince exhaufted, ye ar AG Te The Inhabitants of old fuffer’d great prejudice by Tygers and Serpents; yet neverthele{s this Countrey was very populous before the Spaniards arrival here, the Natives wore Cotton Aprons before, and Golden Rings about their Arms and Legs, as alfo Strings of Pearl, and thelike. ‘The Women here, as in the reft of thefe Parts, went with their Husbands into the Wars, and behav’d themfelves valiantly, fhooting poyfon'’d Arrows, infomuch that Martin Ambe/us took a Maid, Anno 15095 who had kill’d twenty eight Spaniards. sief ft Tt Ty Me To the Province Carthagena belongs alfo the Countrey Urraba, which is fo fiuit- ful, that all kind of Spanifh Trees and Seeds grow better here than in’ Spain : Befides which it hath its own Fruit, as alfo abundance of Pine and Palm-Trees, whofe Leaves ferve for Brooms. The Guaiana-Tree bears a fharp kind of Fruit like a Lemmon, the Guaravana a Kind of Cittrons, the Mameifa a Fruit not unlike an Orange, but tafting like a Melon, and the Hovos a great Plum. Their Gardens abound with the Root Batata, whofe Leaves fend: forth feveral Strings, which over-{preading the Ground faften in,the Earth,and take new Roots: it is yellow without, and whitifh within, and bears pale green Flowers, whichat - laft turn to a Cod full of Seed. Thefe Roots: roafted in hot Afhes, exceed our Eve ropean } f 4 i i 4 vos 4 | | , ent ‘ 7.aien8 ' is Ul i nm — ee et KK — —— Pa a ee 2 A Ae I TE I Te - Chap. II. | AMERICA. ropean Turnip; and beaten and put in Water till ic works Over, makes a Dritik, with which the Indians Drink and Caroufe till they are Drunk, 4.61 Moreover, Urraba abounds in Venifon, Fifh, and all forts of ravenous Creatures, A ating! as Tygers, Lyons, and a particular ftrange Beaft as big as an Ox, having an Ele- — phants Nofe, Horfes Feet, and hanging Ears, The Trees likewife {warm with Birds, and eipecidliva near Lakes or Pools breed Pheafants and Parrots, of which fome sé bigger than Capons, others no bigger than Chickens. Againft Urraba juts the Mountain Abibe, whofe length Weftward remains un- known ; the breadth theteof in fome places is about twenty Leagues ; it hath many Ways which:cannot be travell’d with Horfes. The top of this Mountain is uninhabited; but along the Valleys, which are many and large, dwelt formerly a People that poftels ‘d great Riches in Gold, which they gather’d out of Rivulets that fell Weftward from the tops of the Mountains. It Rains here almoftall the year long, which makes the Ways very bad for Travellers to pafs. At the Foot of this Mountain, towards the South, lie two {mall antient Cafi ique- doms, if we may fo call thems, formerly inhabited iy a valiant People, call’d Tarabe de Zenu, whether chiefly che dead Bodies were brought from all the adjacent Countreys, to be buried in great State, as hath been before intimated. Am Moun: ain Abibe, — The principal Towns and Places of note are 1. Charthagena, (fo call’d either Tov 4 from the refemblance of its Situation with the City (arthagena in the Kingdom of Murcia belonging to Old Spain, or becaufe the firft Inhabitants were Citizens of the faid City) which was begun to be built Anno 1532. by Peter de Heredia, but fully fini fhed by Georgio Robledo, eight years after the firft Foundation thereof was laid. This Epifcopal Metropolis is on'the North wafh’d by the North Sea over a plain fhallow Ground ; on the Land fide the Sea flows through a narrow Bay by the City towards the Lake (anupote, which ebbs and flows equal with the Ocean, and receives and difcharges its Water through two Pipes which lie under along Bridge,. joyning Carthagena to the Main Coaft. This City boafted long fince above five hundred Stone Houfes, ,being divided into twenty fix large Streets, whereof four are fix hundred and twenty Paces long: behind each Houfe is a Girden’; and the ‘Church appears above all the other Buildings : The Dominicans Cloyfter is alfo fairly built ; neithex;is the Francifcans inferior to it, who alfo poflefs a fecond Edi- fice on the Main Continent overs the Bridge. The Cuftom-houfe and Court where _ the Courts for the whole Province of Carthagena are kept, are alfo ftately Struatures. The Haven hath two Entrances, the chiefeft whereof lies half a League Eaftward from the City, and the Weftern, call’d La Boca, is as far again ; both very dange- rous, becaufe of the many blind Rocks that lie before them. Anno 1585. when Sir Francis Drake took (arthagena by Storm, the whole was fortifi’d with Sconces,° be- fides two Forts for the better fecurity thereof, whereof one lock’d up the narrow Mouth of the Haven with a ftrong Chain; not far from-which ftood an Abbey, Dedicated to the Francifcans, and Wall'd round about ; fince which they have {e- veral Out-works, Forts and Towers, to prevent all foreign Invafions. The City gtows wealthy daily by the Pernan Plate-Fleet putting in there before they go to Spain, and efpecially by the Trade from New Granada along the River Magdalena. The Ifland before the Haven, antiently call’d Codega, now Carex, inhabited by Fifhersmen when the Spaniards Landed there, is now defolate, the remainder of thofe that were deftroy’ d by them being fled to wild places from the Spaniards Cru- elties; notwithftanding the People hereabouts were valiant enough to Engage with them. But fince the Devaftation made by Sir Francis Drake, Carthagena hath 7 receiv'd Places of ma The Defcri- ption of Care thagena, The Balfam of Tel very famous. Rivers of Carthagena, near Mopox. AMERICA. Chap. Il. receiv'd a more fatal Blow; for it was {carce fully repait’d, when five French Pri- vateers burnt the City to Afhes : which Mifchief was oceafion’d by a Spanifh Sea- man, who being whipt by Command of the Governor, refolving for Revenge, went, from Spain to France, and conducted the foresmention’d Ships to Carthagena, where he reveng’d himfelf oa the Governor ; for finding him afleep, he fittt wak’d him, and after having told him of his caufing him to be Whipt, he kill’d him. The Booty which the Spaniards carried from thence at that time amounted to above a hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats. : ) 16 2. Tolu, by the Spaniards now call’d St. Fago, twelve Leagues diftant from Cur. thagena, a Place memorable for the excellent Balfam which is brought from thence, and commonly call’d The Balfam of ‘Tolu:; it’ is gather'd in a Spoonful of black Wax, ftuck under the Hole cut in the Bark of a low Pines Tree, out of which. in hot Weather runs a Golden: colour’d Gum, very foveraign, and of an excellent {melly ; a es 3- St. Crux de Mopox, a neat Town, feated a little above the confluence’ of the two Rivers, St. Martha and Magdalena, which waters this Province. ) : 4. Baranca de Nolambo, a Place of great Traffick, efpecially for all Commodities of the new Kingdom of Granada ;» it ftandeth upon the Banks of the River Magdas lena, and about fix Leagues diftant from the Sea. hea | 5- Buena Vifta, otherwife call’d St. Sebaftian de Buena Vifta, a’ Town commodi-« oufly feated upon a rifing Ground not far from the Gulf of Urraba, ot the Sound of Darien, abouts a Leagueand a half from the Sea. wee SG } 6. Villa de St. Maria, thirty Leagues Southward of Carthagena. EGS + The Province of Carthagena is ftor’d with: many Brooks ‘and great Rivers, amongft which the Stream Cauca falls into the River Magdalena, beyond Popayan : The River Zenu, which gives Denomination: to the above-mention’d Ter- ritory, makes a very convenient Harbor with its Mouth, where much Salt is to be had, | | The Daria,which runs between Panama and Carthagena into the Inlet Urraba, gives its Denomination to the foregoing Province, through which jit alfo runs, as hath been already mention’d, ~ | 2 : The River which for its greatne(s is call’d Rio Grande, or Magdalena, (becanfe it £ _ was difcoyer’d on the Day Confecrated to that Saint) falls with fuch force into the Northern Ocean, about twenty thrée Leagues Eaftward from Carthagena, that rune ning two Leagues broad and ten long into the Sea, it retains its frefhnefs of Water; in which there lying many Rocks, makes the fame very dangerous for Ships. In the Mouth of the-Haven lies an Ifland, which is divided by the River, the wideft and moft frequented Channel of which refpeéts Sts Martha, where thofe that carry the Merchandife up this Stream to New Granada, {pend two Moneths in Toeing, when- as they come from thence in three Weeks. a Sy oo ‘Thunder and Lightning rages here many times after a terrible manner from Midnight till Morning. In January there falls alfo abundance of Rain, which gli- ding from the Mountains {wells the River exceedingly. Je y Chap. Ik: ud MERIC 4. 4.03 S tc teyVi | St. Martha. ° - pentaierrs® | | T. Martha, fo call’d from the chief City of the Province, is boider’d on the Peirtion Welt with New Andaluzia ; on the Eaft, with Rio dela Hacha; on the North,” with the Ocean; and onthe South, with New Granada; It is about three- fcore and ten Leagues in length, and not much lefs in breadth : It was antiently diftributed into feveral little Seignories, Govern’d by (afiques, or petty Princes, viz, Poxigueica, Betoma, Buritaca, Chimola, inhabited by valiant Men and beautiful Wo- men, and above all the reft, Tairona, (whofe People for a- long time maintain’d War againft the Spaniards) lying at the Foot of the high Mountains Sierras Nevadas, whofe fnrowy Crowns are feen thirty Leagues off at Sea, and run along in a contis nu’d Ridge through'Peru and (pili to the Straights of Magellan. 3 This Countrey was Difcover’d, and part of it Planted, Anno 1524. by Roderic de Baftredas, who afterwards was murder’d in his Sleep by his own People. The Sun fhines fo exceeding hot near the Sea-coaft, that there isno enduring of 7h Nun the fame, but upin the Countrey the {nowy Mountains occafion great Cold,and in ga st \ Harveft and Offober it Rains exceedingly, whereas at othertimes it is very dry Wea- 2% of se ther, and the Winds blow generally gut of the Eaft or North-Baft, yet the Lands cl Breezes coming out of the Weft bring fometimes Rains with them. From the Mountains, which are ftony and barren, fall many Brooks and Rivers, which wa- ter divers Plains, the Grafs and other Plants of which are often blafted by violent Storms ; neverthelefs Oranges, Lemmons, Granates, and all forts of Spanifh Garden’ Fruits grow hete in great plenty. The Woods afford likewife Pigeons, Partridges, Venifon, and the like’, the Rivers all manner of Fifh, which are feen to {wim in great numbers twenty Yards under the Water, efpecially in the Haven St. Martha, near which formerly liv’d many Fifher-men, who with Nets made of tough Twigs pleited together, caught fuch plenty of Fifh, that they furnifh’d all their Neighbors. The High-ways are made dangerous by Lyons, Tygers, and Bears. ‘The Countrey Buritaca affords the Inhabitants Gold , Tairona, excellent Stones SSt ry of Precious againft Bleeding and the Gravel, Jafper, Porphyr, and Gold ; the Valley Tunia, irae many rich Emeraulds, which Stones us’d tobe in great efteem before America pro- due’d {uch great numbers of them. Acofta relates, That a Spaniard defiring to know the Price of an Emerauld, fhew'd two to an Italian Jeweller, who valu’d the one at a hundred, the othet at three hundred Ducats ; but foon after feeing a Cheft full of them,faid they were fcare worth a Ducat apiece ; and that the Sute which the Roman | Lady wore, being befer with Emeraulds, and valu’d at four hundred thoufand Du- ‘cats, would not fell now for half fo much. This Stone or Jewel exceedingly fortifies the Sight, wherefore the Emperor Nero reprefented the bloodydncounters of Fen- cers inan Emerauld. It is alfo judg’d to be good againft the Falling-ficknels, wherefore the Indians hang them in their Nofes to thisday, and adorn their Idols with them; they grow in ftony Rocks along Veins, not unlike Cryftal, and in time obtaina glittering Greennels;the biggeft of them that are found in this Age are moff® efteem’d of in Gehia. The Emerauld Pillar, which as a wonderful Orna- ment ftood in Hercules’s Temple in the City of Tyrus, being very famous amongft the Antients, was without doubt no more than a green Stone, and perhaps of the fame Material, was'the Pillar erected by the Arabian King Miramamolines, in the Ca- thedral at Corduba. But the great fame of thele Emeraulds incited Gonzalvex Zimenes, j ! Gover- lt. i i yy ate ee ©) eee * : + _* ~ « — « > a 5 - - a - — _ —— ™ ~ - - —_ . al “ Se Governor of St. Martha, to leave his Place and {eek for them; to which end he Sail’d up the Rivulet Gayra with two Ketches and forty five Spaniards, who mecting with the Cafique Bagotta, got much Gold of him, and afterwards went to the Valley Teffuca; of which Simandoca being Governor, conducted Ximenex twenty three Leagues farther to an Emerauld Rock, from whence he return’d exceedingly enriched ; the rumor of which {preading up and down, made feveral travel thi- ther ; amongft whom was Peter di Lugo, Governor of Terra Firma, who fending for Aid from (arthagena, fought his way to Bagotta, who refifted him for fome time, till ac laft being defeated he made Peace with them for a confiderable quantity of “ig fiat Gold ; which when Peter di Lugo had receivd, not regarding his Word, he plun- othe Na~ der’d all the Countrey, and having committed all imaginable Cruelties on the Na- | tives, return’d home with an invaluable Mafs of Gold and Emeraulds to St. Mar- be al tha. Wot long after the Welfares, German Knights, came from Venezuela, (which Ci- ty the Emperor Charles the Fifth Morgag’d to them Anno 1518.) and travell’d through the fnowy Mountains of St. Martha with Indian Guides, whofe Inftrue étions following, they digg’d many Emeraulds out of the Valley Funia ; the Inhaz bitants of which affrighted at the fight of the Strangers, hang’d themfelves out of defpair, though naturally valiant, and ingenious in working in Tapeftry the fhapes of Tygers, Lyons, and other Beafts, and painting on the Walls of their Houfes variety of Figures of divers colours, covering their Floors with Mats neatly pleited of Rufhes® They fed on Fifh, Venifon, and Mans-flefh, and alfo on the Roots Agies, tafting like Chefnuts, Yuca, Maiz, Batata, and Caffada. Chief Cities The chief Cities and Places of principal note in this Province are 1. St. Martha, ofnoie: which gives Denomination to the whole Province, it ftands built at the North Sea, which makes a large and convenient Harbor, being defended from the Winds by high Mountains and two Ifles, is a Bifhop’s See, and hatha large Cathedral. The Houfes built of Canes are cover’d with Palmito-Trees, and {ome with woodden Shingles. The Haven hath neither Fort nor Caftle to defend it, becaufe there is no Trade but with the Indians, which bring Earthen Ware and Cotton Clothes to fell, and becaufe the Spanifh Ships feldom come hither, the Place is much. gone to decay, andthe-more, becaufe it is no way defended againft any Aflault of an Ene- my, which the French, and afterwards the Englifh, under the Command of Sir Francis Drake, and the following Year under Captain Anthony Shirley took advantage of, and plundet’d and burnt the City. 24 Teneriff, built on’ the Banks of the River Magdalena, forty Leagues from St. Martha. | 3. Tamalameque, otherwife call’d Villa de las Palmas, twenty Leagues South of Te- neriff, lying ona high ftony Ground ; between which are plain Paftures for Cattel, furrounded with high Woods, asalfo Pools made by the over-flowing of the Ri- vers, whofe Banks are inhabited by the Indians, who are much addicted to Sleep and Drinking. The Pools before mention’d produce abundance of Fifh, as alfo Cro-. codiles, and the terrible Manati before defcrib’d. © 4+ Qcanna, which hath an Inland Haven, 5. Ramada, formerly call’d New Salamanca, ftanding at the Foot of the Mountain call’d Sierras Nevadas. This Town is famous for its Copper and Brafs Mines... 6. Cividad de los Reyes, which built in the Valley Upari, fYands on the Shore of the mighty River Guataporeya, where from the beginning of January till May the Eaftern Breezes moderate the Heat, otherwife intolerable : But the continual Rains there- about occafions the Quartan Ague, and many fuch like Diftempers. The Natives hereabouts, falvage and valiant, would never fubmit to the Spaniards. The peculiar ; | ie 7 Plants dbkp: iH. AMERICA. 3 4.0$ The peculiar Plants of this Place are the Tree Xagua, which bears a Britt like ite Tree 4 Raifin, which dry’d and ground yields exceeding good Méal for Bread: | The Root Scorzonera, which cures the Bitings 4: Serpents. The adsense alfo ule The Root | the Tail of a Serpent for a Remedy againft the fame Evil, as they take Tobacco Scorgonera, againft the Falling-ficknefs, and {nuff the Powder in at nyt Noftrils, and drink © the Juice thereof to caufe Loofnefs. The chief Rivers of this Province, are 1. Polomino, fo call’d froma Spanifh Cap- Chief Rite tain, that was drown’d there with his Horfe, falling ed the Sierras Nevadas. 2. Guatupori, whofe Water caules the Bloody-flux and Loofnefs, which again is eut’d by the fame Water drink with beaten Cinamon. Gaatpori reckons many Rivulets, amongft which the Cefar and Budillo are both large, deep, and abounding with Fifh. Near the City Los Reyes aré three great Water-pits, triangular between ftony Cliffs; nigh which a Tradition goes, That of old there lurk’d a terrible Serpent, whan. at times devour’d a thoufand People; infomuch that none durft dwell there- abouts, till certain Spaniards having the hardinefs and curiofity to go {eek out this Serpent, heard a great noife in the Pits, but faw ee like the fore-mention’d Animal. Here are likewife feveral Fountains of Pitch and Tir. > Sect. VI. « Rio dela Hacha. R' de la Hacha is the Name of a little Province lying « 6n the North-Eaft of Rive a Ha St. Martha, wath’d on all other parts with the Waters of the Main Ocean, or with theGulf or Bay of Venezuela. The chief Towns of this Province, are 1. A {mall Town call’d De la Hacha, chief Towne which gives Denomination tothe faid Province, having no convenient Haven, vice but otherwife feated in a Soil-very rich and fertile: not onely of all forts of Brits and Plants, efpecially fuch as are brought from Shain) but likewife in many Mines of Gold, Gems of a large fize and great value, and many excellent Salt-Wiches, as they call them; It is eight Leagues diftant from Salamanca aforefaid, and eighricdd frome Cape Villa, the moft Wefterly Point or Foreland of the Bay of Wihesila and with the reft had the hap to be furpris’d and pillag’d by the Englifh with Sir Francis Drake in the Year 1595. who refus’d twenty four thoufand Ducats, which the Go- vernor proffer’d him for the Pearls he had taken. 2. Rancheria, fix Leagues Eaftward of La Hacha, inhabited chiefly by Pearl- Fifhers, or fuch as get their Living for the moft part by Fifhing for Pear, which was wont to be good on thefe Coatfts. 3. Tapia, five Leagues from La Hacha, and bch aderdule: for that the adjacent Parts were laid wafte by the Englifh, to revenge the peridioulielt of the Governot of Salamanca, refufing to pay the four thoufand Ducats he had promis ‘d, upon Con+ dition of their {paring the Town. The laft King of thofe that Govern ‘d in any of thefe Provinces of Terra Firma, sites a ie was Abibeca, who could not be won to come down from his Palace, which he had his Prorat on the top of a Tree, till a Spanifh Officer, one Francifco de Vanquex began to lay an Ax to the Root thereof. After Didaco Nique/a, Alphoufo Oreda, and Ancifo, had made very large Difcove- ries in thefe Provinces, Valboa was the fink that difcover’d the Way to the South-Sea. Qg - CHAP. ERI Cos. Chap. Ill. SSeS O Se te eS RGRRRES New Granada. Fir Difeo. He new Kingdom of Granada, as tis commonly call’d, was for the moft Graatae part both difcoyer’d and conquer’d by Gonfalvo Set about the Yeat 1536.and with fo good fuccefs, that in lefs than a years {pace, the whole « Countrey was quietly fetled under the Spaniards Government, and the Captain with his fmall Company had made fhift to gather together fuch a Mafs of Treafure as may feem almoft incredible, viz, from the Reguli, ot petty Princes of thofe Coun- treys, whom he had either deftroy’d or made Tributary. Buta more particular Relation of Ximenes his Journey take as followeth : Gewfalve X/ Being fent out by Peter Ferdinando de Lugo, to difcover the Countreys that lay petition. along the River Magdalena, he travell’d upon the right fide of it with great trouble ; for not onely the brambly Woods, Moors, and deep Brooks, made the Way oaee ding bad to be travell’d, but alfo the Erhabiceacs: who fell upon him from their Ambufcades : yet at laft he reach’d Tor4, which Name he chang’d into Pueblo de los Bracos, becaufe four Rivers unite their Watersthere. Here ordering his Brigan- tines which were come up the River to caft theit Anchors, he judg’d it convenient to ftay all the Winter, becaufe the fwoln Rivers had drown’d the adjacent Coun. trey. Ximenes obferving that the Indians fetch’d Salt from the Sea-fide, judg’d that the Countrey was inhabited, and therefore in fair Weather march’d up to the Mountain Opox, behind which he found a Countrey full of Salt-pools, which pro. © duc’d Cakes of Salt. And fomewhat farther the Province Govern’d by the Cafique Bogata, who at firft refifting the Spaniards, was foon put to flight, when he heard the -noife of the Guns. The Panches divided from Bogata’s Countrey by a {mall Moun- tain, alfo maintaining continual Wars with him, fuffer’d the Spaniards unmo- lefted co cravel through their Countrey, and the Valley La Trompetta, toa high bar- ren Mountain, on the top of which Xémenes found feveral Emeraulds; and going from thence fell upon the Cafique Tunia, and three days Journey farther, upon the Governors Sagamofa and Diutama ; from which three Countreys he carried above a hundred and ninety thoufand pieces of fine Gold, fifty. five thoufand pieces of in- different Gold, and eighteen hundred Emeraulds ; all which the Spaniards left behind with Guards whileft they went backto Bogata, whom they found lying dead of his Wounds onahigh Hill: But Sagipa, Bogata’s Succeflor, receiv’d Ximenes with great Civility, tHengage his Afliftance againft his Neighbors the Panches; which he did not refufe him: but afterwards he fell moft perfidioufly upon the {aid Sagipa, whom he caus’d to be Executed, becaufe he either could not, or would not difcover where thofe Riches were which Bogata had left behind him. After he had pillag’d the _ little Region Neyba, and brought into {ubjection the whole Countrey, he gave it the Name of New Granada, from Granada the place of his Nativity, being the chief City of the Kingdom of Seucales in Spain, and buile the City Santa Fe ; whichdone, he quitted the Place, upon information that Sebaftian de Bewaleazar. coming from Popayan, was feeking a Way Northward , and not long after him Nicholas Federman follow’d, each claiming New Granada as theit Right, whereas Ximenes. alledg’d, That the firft Difcovery thereof was to be afcribed to him onely : ac laft Agree- ing, they refolv’d that it fhould be at the King of Spain's difpofal. | 7 The Chap ik =e MERICA ss The antient Inhabitants, nam’d Moxas, divided theit Countrey into two Chief the Nature - : Aas “ : A é : - -, and Cuitom Principalities, viz, Bogota and Tunica, which before the Spaniards Artival were cach oft Bax” under their particular Cafique or Prince. The Men were of a good proportion ; the Women alfo handfomer, and of a fairer Complexion than their Neighbors : Their Habit alfo confifted of black, white, and divers colour’d Cotton Cloaks, and fome alfo had Bonnets of the fame. The temperatenefs of the Climate makes little difference between Winter and Summer. Their Houfes were of Planks, and cover'd with long Rufhes. Their chiefeft Food was Maix and Caffave, which firft _ grows on Stalks as large as Canes, containing very large and weighty Spikes of Ears, each Ear generally yielding feven hundred Grains, which are Planted in hot and moift Ground; one Bufhel Sow’n, generally produces three hundred. Bur the Maiz is diftinguifh’d into.a courfer or finer fort, which laft is call’d Moroche, the Leaves and Canes whereof afford a wholfom Provender for Horfes, and the Corn, Bread for the Inhabitants, who make it feveral ways ; for fometimes they boy] it in é Water,and at other times parch it in Afhes, or grind it to Meal, which kneading in- | to Dough, they make into Cakes, Biskets, and the like : Moreover, Maix fteep’d in Water,and after being boyl’d and fet a working,makes a very ftrong Liquor. They alfo ufe CafJada, which they ntake of the Root Yuca, which being large and thick, is cut in pieces, grated, and all its Juice, which is deadly poyfon, being preis’d out, is Bak’d in thin Cakes. There is likewife another {drt of Yuca, which hath not fo poyfonous a Juice, keeping good a long time, and isboth wholform, and of a good tafte. The Natives of old liv’d much upon the Roots Yonws, and Cubids, all forts of Venifon, Fowls, and Fifh, which the Rivers and Lakes afford in gieat abundance. Thofe that are left of the Natives, area deceitful, crafty, and ingenious fort of People, very apt to learn Art, and to Trade with Sale'to Rio Grande, and the Mountain Opou. | Befides Copper and Steel-Mines, this Couatiey hath alfo feveral of Gold; and the Fields produce all manner of Plants. The Panchas which remain are yet a falvage People, but their Countrey is an in- different fertile Soil, though not in all places alike ; for thofe which border upon Tunia fed much heretofore on Pifmires, of which fome being long, have double Wings, others leffer and without Wings; which laft fort being roafted, are acs counted a great Dainty, anda {peedy Remedy againft the Diftemper of the Giavel. There are alfo a fort of venomous Pifmires, which ftinging a Man, caufe a {well- ing and great itching, and thefe ate call’d Tayoques, whofe Stings are cur'd by a Plaifter of bruis’d Pifmires. | : The Countrey is bounded’on the North with (a/lella Aurea aforefaid ; on the Weft, with Mare del Zur, onthe Eaft, with Venexwela; the Southern parts of it being not well difcover’d, by reafon of certain huge and unpaflable Mountains, which block it up wholly on that fide, fave onely where a Paflage is kept open in- to the Province of Peru, {pecially fo call’d : It containeth in length about a hun- dred and thirty Leagues, and not much lefs in breadth, being for the moft part a very healthful Countrey, and abounding in Mines of the beft fort of Metal, befides others of Brafsand Iron. It is {ubdivided into thefe two Provinces, viz: Granada and Popayana. | Qyq i S£c tT. The Nature of the Pan- chas. The Bourds and Dimenfi- ons of Nova Granada, of M ERICA. Chap. Il. Secr. Il. Granada. Defeription Cy a {pecially fo cali‘d, is a Countrey of a very temperate and good Air, as hath been before obferv’d, neither fubje& to over-much Cold, nor to extremity of Heat ; which isthe moreto be admir’d by reafon of its neare nefs to the Line, from which it is diftant Northward buta very few Degrees. tae The Towns and Places of chief importance are, 1. St. Foy, commonly call’d St. Foy de Bagota, which was the old Name of ‘this Province, and to diftinguith it from another St.Foy,in the Countrey of New Mexico above mention’d. Jt is the Me- tropolis and Capital City of this Province, an Arch-bifhop’s See, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor, built by the above-mention’d Gonfalvo Ximenes upon the Lake call’d Guatavita, and hath been long fince inhabited by above fix hundred Families of Spaniards. | jt RS, 2. St. Michael, twelve Leagues Northward of St. Foy, and a well Traded Town. The Indians that dwell about this Place being above five thoufand, pay great Tri- bute yearly. Not far from hence lies the Lake Guatavita, where the Inhabitants in former times Offer’d much Gold to their Idols. 7 3. Tocaima, fourteen Leagues Weftward from St. Foy, within a Territory which antiently belong’d to the Panches,who yet poffefs the worft part of it, lying ftill wild and unreduc’d : Ic is fituate on the Banks of the great River Pati, which falls into Commodities the Rivulet Magdalena. ‘This City, which enjoys the benefit of a wholfom Cli- trey of Te: mate, is furrounded with Mines of Gold, Copper, Silver, and Lead. And befides "the Fruits of the Countrey, all Spanifh Plants thrive exceedingly after once Planted, and though Sheep willnot breed here, yet Kine, Hogs, and Goags increafe daily, but are often devour’d by Tygers, Lyons, and Bears. The Woods produce Nut- Trees, Cedars, Guatacum, or Pock-Wood,and the wonderful Tree Zeyba, whofe Leaves fall off every twelve hours, and grow again. The Fowls of this Countrey are maz ny and feveral. Near the City are fulphurous Fountains, whofe Waters cure Scabs and Leprofie. Inthe Valleys alfo flow Springs of fale Water, which thrown on Herbs, turns to Rozen and Pitch, and is good to make Boats tight. The tops of the Mountains are continually cover’d with Snow, notwithftanding fome of them vomit forth horrible Flames and Afhes, which are blown feveral Leagues over the Countrey. The viciffitude of the Weather occafions two Summers and two Win- ters ; the firft Summer begins in December, and the {cond in Fune ; the firft Winter accordingly begins in March, and the other in Oéober.. This alteration of Seafons is not diftinguifh’d by any change of Heat or Cold, but the continuance of fair Weather during the Summer, and inthe Winter, of fuch terrible Hurricanes, chat blow from North to South, or from South to North, with fuch Thundering and Lightning, as if the end of the World were athand. The chiefeft Trees that grow here are Cedars, and one that bears exceeding great Almonds. The Quague allo bearsa pleafant Fruit about the bignefs of a Goofe-Egg ; and the Fig-Tree, Figsas _ large as Oranges. The Agnapa which grows here is of fuch a nature, that an Euros pean fleeping under it, {wells exceedingly, but an Indian burfts. The Bark and Sprigs of the Hobo, which grows high and round, ferve againft Swellings and Ul- cers, and occafion alfo Looinefs. Sugar-Canes grow alfo here in great abundance, amongf{t which feed certain Beafts like Hogs, whole Navels grow on their Backs ; — and large Stags. The Fountains in moft places of this Countrey run with falc | | ' Warer ; 4 L] : 7 ‘ " : eet , ie at { a . . \s ‘ i ay mph co wae ie ye | t ; | : ; » } - 5 . re € | Arren era | eg 8 Peieceded | DE iy Caraygo : fe : * on ee ee 2, ee oe Oe | | y Chap. I «eo MER ICA | Diehl Water; and (onietimes Salt is found berwen frefh-Water Brooks: The Natives, whoare valiant, fubtile, and well proportion’d, are fince their giving over eating of Mans-Alefh much increas’d, and many of them forfaking their Heathenifh Idola- try, have embrac’d the Roman-Catholick Religion. 4. La Palma, built Auno1572- ina certain Territory, the People whereof were antieritly call’d Mufi and Colyme. i | 5. Trinidad, which is indeed the antient Tudela renew’d, or 4 City {prung out of the Ruines thereof. This Tudela ftoed on the Shore of the River Zarbi, which run- ning between high Mountains, makes the Rivulet Turatena, and in the fame Terri- tory as La Palma above mention’d, viz, of the Mu/i & Colyme, by whom the Spaniards, who had here a Colony, were fo exceedingly molefted,that they deferted the fame, together with their Governor Peter de Orfua: yet not long after the forfaken Place was again re-built by the Name of Trinidad. but that Place proving incommodi- ous, wasagain abandon’d, and a new Trinidad built, where now it isto be feen on a convenient place Eaftward from the high and cold Mountain Paramo. From {eve- ral rich Gemmaries thereabouts are digg’d ftore of Emeraulds, Cryftal like Dia- monds, white Marble, and the Beryl, efpecially on the Mountains Ytoco and Abipi. 6. Tunia, having a Territory about it, to which it gives Denomination , It lies on a high Hill, from whence the Church and two Cloyfters of the Dorunican Frye ers are feen at a great diftance. Here alfo iskept the greateft Market in New | Granada. 7. Pampelona, fixty Leagues diftant from St. Foy to the North-Eaft, abounding with Cattel and Gold. 8. Merida, furrounded with Corti-Fields, the fartheft Town of this Province WNorth-Eaftward towards Venezuela. | | 9. Belez, which though it fuffers great prejudice by a burning a Mountain that yomits Fire and Stones, and alfo Thunder and Lightning, isthe greateft Refidence of feveral Orders of Fryers. | ! 10. Marequita, otherwife call’d St. Sebaftian del Oro, which lies under a hot Cli- mate, and hath much Pafture. . 11. Ybague, the Habitation chiefly of Dominicans. | 12. La Vittoria de los Remedios ; and 13. Juan de los Lanos, or St. John of the Plains, feated in a rich Nook of the Countrey, where there are good Silver and Gold- Mines. : . | The Merchandife that come to thefe Towns,are brought up the River Magdalena in Canoos of fixty Foot long. . S ECT. Ill: Popayana. Opayana, the other part of this new Kingdom, is border’d on the Weft with p part of Granada laft {poken of,from which the River St. Martha divides it for the moft part: On the North it hath Nova Andaluzia, or Carthagena; on the Weft, Mare-del Zur ; and on the South, Quito, or rather forne unreduc’d Countreys lying betwixt them both ; It extends in length above a hundred Leagues from North to South, but in breadth, betwixt the River and the Sotith Sea, not much above forty or fifty. The Countrey is faid to be a little too much fubje& to Rain, yet not fo; butthat the fertility of the Soil anfwersthe induftry of the Inhabitants in moft places very well. Q4g 3 | Sebaftian Situation and Defcri- ption of Po. payana. - 410 AMERICA. Chap. II, Sebaflian de Bevalcaxar, Governor of Quito, marching Anno 1536. with a Company of Spaniards to Otabalo, where the Countrey Papayan begins, was often. fer upon by the Natives from their Ambufcades, and the many Inconveniences which he f{uf-. fer’d for want of Provifions, and trouble of travelling over the high Mountains, had neceffitated him to return, had he not been refolutely bent to difcover the Countrey ; to which purpofe marching on leifurely, he came into the heart of Popayan, where his wearied People fufficiently refting themfelves amidft a fruitful Countrey, where they found pleafant FruiteTrees, Houfes full of Provifions, and frefh Rivers, which glided from the Mountain Andes, and fome of the Rivuletsalfo affording Gold, were encourag’d to build feveral Villages, in which neverthelefs they made no Settiement, either becaufe they could not get Gold enough, or elfe being driven from thence by the valiant Natives. | Cities and The Places of chief note in it, are 1. Popayan, fituate on the Banks of a fair Ri- Towns of ufos, ver, but not nam’d, and in the midft of a Plain in a place of great Wealth, and en- joying a good Air. The original of the Name Popayan is from the (Cafique who Go» vern’d there at the time of the Spaniards firft- Arrival. It is a Bifhop’s See, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor of the Province. ‘The chief Buildings are the Cathedral, and a Monaftery of the Fryers De la Merced. The Savanna Grounds to- wards the North feed many fat Cattel. The Fields produce the beft American Maiz. Some of the adjacent Mountains either vomit Smoak,Flames, great Stones,or {calds ing Water, leaving a Salt behind it. Beyond the City Popayan the great River Maga dalena takes its original in the Valley Cali, where feveral Brooks gliding from the Mountain Andes, inhabited by the Cocunocos, unite their Waters. — , 2. Antiochia, otherwife call’d St. Fides de Antiochia, on the Borders of New Anda- luzia, and about a hundred Leagues from Popayan. In the midft of a {mall Territory to which it gives Name, in the Valley Nore, between the River Magdalena and Daria, wafh'd by Rivulets, whofe Sands are Golden, and whofe Banks are fhaded with all forts of Fruit-Trees. The Inhabitants white and very rational, fleep in the Nigh under the open Skye: Their Houfes are built a good diftance from the High- ways; near which the Paftures feed abundance of Sheep. The Pools breed plenty of Fifh, and the Mines ftore of Gold, efpecially in the Mountain Byritica. 3. Caramanta, feated likewife on the Banks of the River St. Martha, within a little Province alfo of the fame Name; the Inhabitants whereof being valiant and ftrong go naked, and dwell in little Huts, make white Salt out of a Fountain and a little Lake: they generally go to Antiochia in fix hours, which is forty five Leagues, fo fwift runs the Stream. | | 4. St. Anne, in the Cantred or Hundred of Anzerma, a Town neatly fituate upon the fide of an Hill betwixt cwo Rivers, and in the midft of Plain no lefs pleafant - than fertile : It was fo call’d by Bevalcazar ,becaufe the Indians of this Place name the Salt Anzer ; it is furrounded with Villages and Woods on a high Plain between two Rivers. The Air being exceeding hot, lightens generally every day. j- The Village Pueblo Liana, which is inhabited by little People, who Trade in Salt, and have alfo Golden Rivulets. Near this Place is the Valley Aburra, confifte ing of many fruitful Plains, moiftned by feveral Rivers; the Inhabitants whereof at the Spaniards firft coming thither, hang’d themfelves, with their Wives and Children, 6. St. Jago de Arma, built ina Wood of Palm-Trees, fo nam’d from the Terri- tory in which it ftandeth, rich and famous for its Mines of Gold, which it is faid to have many and very good: The Ground round about being Mountainous, hath feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof call’d Dj 4rma, is dangerous to crofs, eff pecially in Chap. TV, 12. Guadalajara de Buga; and 13. Sebaftian de la Plata, built on a Plain near the River Guali; the Countrey about which is exceedingly troubled with Earthquakes, _and the Inhabitants with their Neighbors the Nineres, who bring the Pleth of their Prifoners to Sale in the publick Shambles. © re | 14. Almague, built on a high Mountain, and lying upder a cool Climateé; is fur- rounded with fruitful Fields, which feed ftore of Cartel, and enrich’d with feveral Gold-Mines. 758 | of 15+ Juan de Truxillo, which the Indians call Yfcance. . 16. Madrigall ; 17. (hapanchipa ;°18. Malaga, and 19. Agreda, the Mountains about which inclofe ftore of Gold. 3 Between the Promontory De Corrientes and the Ifland Palmas, are the Rivers Salj- nas and Balfas, which fall into the Southern Ocean ; St. Juan, whofe Banks are in- habited by a falvage People which dwell in the tops of the Trees, becaufe the Ri- ver oftentimes overflows the Countrey. They fowe Peafe and Beans; and catch Fifh, but buy other Provifions, with Gold. Thelfle Ge- Againft the Mouth of this River St. Juan lies the Ifle Gorgona, three Leagues in ae circumference, which is compar’d to Hell, becaufe of the difmal Woods which are upon it, barren Mountains, Millions of Mufticho’s, whofe Stings are intolerable, and never-ceafing Rain, infomuch that the Sun never fhines upon it. te ite Pt WeftsSouth- Weft from Gorgona lies the round Ifland Del Gallo, about a League in circumference ; it is divided by feveral Rivers, and round about Planted with Trees, on which the Indians dwell as at the River St. Juan. LUBE LE ER EEE Eee EEC ECE eee e seers eee ees ose CHAP. IV. Peru. a o = / The Defer Eva, fo call’d, as fome think, from the River Beru afore mention’d, in the Dirifion of P Southern part of America, was antiently a great and mighty Kingdom, as Mexico in the Northern, and fell under the Power of the Spaniards much af- ter the fame manner that the Kingdom of Mexico did, viz, through the Diffentions and Differences amongft the People themfelves, as in the Hiftory of this confidera- ble part of the. New World will be related at large hereafter. The Kingdom. of the Kings of Cufco, which in fome fence, and by fome Writers upon occafion, is call’d The Kingdom of Peru, was extended by the laft Inca or King, Eluayna Capac, from North to South above a thoufand Leagues together, com pree hending not only a great part of the Province of Chile towards the South, but alfo the new Kingdom of Granada, and.divers other Provinces to the North ; but Pern, properly fo call’d, containeth little more than half fo much, viz. fix hun- dred Leagues in length, and about fifty or threefcore in breadth, except onely in- fome places, as in the Countrey of Chacopoyas, where *tis thought it may be a hun- dred Leagues from the Andes to the South Sea: It lieth between the fir and-Afth Degrees of Southern Latitude, and is bounded on the Eaft and North-Eaft with that vaft Ridge of Mountains which they call the Andes ; on the Weft it is wafh’d with Mare del Zar; onthe North it hath the Countrey of Popayan , and on the South, (bile :. It is commonly divided into three parts, which they call The Plains, The Fiill-Countrey, and The Andes ; the Plains are that part of the Countrey which lie along | eo = o - - " er «4 “a > — tine = ~~. " , - ad as a aie nang > —— ~~ —S ‘ wre > + ae - ‘ a Wilh —> ee Sa WS Ee ee Se Phisoadl AMERICA. along upon the Sea- Coaft, being for the moft part a meer Level without any Hills at all. The Sierra, as they call j it, or Hille(Countrey, i is that part of Peru which is parte ly mountainous iad partly plain, fertile and well inhabited inboth. The Andes are fo‘high, rocky, and inacceffible, that they are fcarce inhabited at all bute by Salva- ges, fave onely upon the piece of them. The Plains from the Sea-fhore to the Hill. Countrey, are for the moft part about ten Leagues over or broad, upon which it {carce raineth all the year long. The Hill-Countrey is common! twenty Leagues in breadth where narroweft ; and from September to April hath Rain, the reft of the Year generally being fair Weather ; but on the Andes, which dike up all the reft of the Countrey of Peru, it raineth ‘almoft continually all the year long. In the Hill:Countrey their Summer beginsi in April, as is {aid, and ends in September ; but in the Plains it begins in October, and ends in May ; fo that in the {pace of a day a Man may feell both Summer and Winter ; be fcorch’d with exceffive Heat in the Morns ing, and yet well nipt with Cold before Night. ‘The Andes generally are cover’d with thick Woods and wild Forrefts. The Hill-Countrey is for a great {pace naked and open; the Plains in many places fandy and dry, and would be much more {corch’d with Heat than they are, but forthe neighborhood of the Sea, which affords them many cooling Gales from the South and South-Weft Winds, whofe property, al- though it benatural in other partsto be tempeftuous, to bring Rain and foul Wea- - ther, yet here there is nothing but Serenity and fair Sun-fhine days all the yearlong, although thefe Winds blow almoft without ceafing upon the Countrey, and no other at any time, whereas the Sierra, or HiilleCountreys have Wind from every.Coaft, and fuch as bringeth all forts of Weather with it, Rain, Hail, Froft, Snow, great claps of Thunder, ¢xc. The Countrey affordeth not fo much Cartel of the breed of Commodi Europe as fome other Provinces of America;but in ftead. of Kine and Sheep,the Woods « aecrd 413 ret ee 7 and Paftures are replenifh’d with ulcitudes of the Macugnes and Pacos, which are of no lefs Profit and Service.. The Pacos here are {aid to be as big as fome young Hei. fers of tworyears old, bearing .a Fleece like Sheep, and their Flefh no lefs pleafang than the Mutton of Europe. But the great Wealth of this Countrey lies out of fight in the bowels of the Earth, viz, in thofe rich and (asthey may feem) inexhauftible Mines both of Gold.and Silver, which, as ’tis well known, the Countrey of Pery affordeth more than any other Province of America befides. The Sierra opens into large Valleys, amongft the chiefeft whereof are Xauxa, Andaguailas, and Yucay, all of them well inhabited and fruitful. Below Cufco the Mountains Andes and thofe of Sierra run a greater, diftance than elfewhere one from che other, leaving the great Plain (allao inthe middle. Moreover, feveral fandy Wilds, without Water, Herbs, Trees, or any living Creature, except Birds, extend from Tumbex to Taparaca. From the Valleys flow feveral Rivers into the Southern Ocean. On the Mountain Pira is a Fountain call’d Pachio, which {prings i in the Night, but is quite dry in the Days The Foun: time. Alfo near the chief City Quito in the Valley Chilo, is a Fountain whole Wa- another ters boyl fafter or flower according as any one {peaks faint louder ; and when un? not a word is {poken, it ftirs not atall. If any thing exceed this for ftrangenels, nae ak it isa Rock in the Province (oncuchos, which is all compos’d of black and white = patie. Stones, which are fo neatly plac’d by Nature, as if Art had done a Mafter-piece, in the exact placing of them one between another : but the chiefeft thing belong- ing to it worthy of admiration, is a wonderful power either to heal or hurt; for if the black Stones in this Rock be touch’d by any, they caufe immediate Death; whenas the white ones cure all manner of Sickneffes, and being digg’d out, leavea Seed behind them, out of which grow new Stones to fill up the empty place. Iuca Garcilaffo, Extracted from the Peruvian Kings,tells us concerning Plants, That he a ie ——— ‘ = rd o= = P— — , ~ - 7 +; oo is he (aw a Raddifh which 4 Man with both Arms could fcarce embrace, and that. “under the fhade of their Leaves, Horfes might ftand. But of allthe Peruan Fruit the ocoa is the crown, which grows on Trees of a Fathom long in hot and moift _ Grounds of the Valleys between Andes and Sierra ; from whence it is carried to the Sea-Coaft in long Baskets by Companies of three or four thoufand ata time on the Backs of the Sheep Pacos. Before the Spaniards coming hither none might chew Cocoa without the Governor’s leave : “A handful thereof chew’d and fuck’d-in the Mouth, enables a Man to travel two days without any other Suftenance, and mix’d with burnt Bones or Chalk, it is accounted an excellent Difh;there is fuch extraordi- nary plenty of them,that the Inhabitants {pend yearly go000 Baskets of the Leaves in Pottage. The Pernans alfo efteem Mamayes, a Fruit which grows round, not un- like a Peach, with two Stones, hard Rinds, and a well-rellifh’d Pulp within,which dipe in Sugar is a great Dainty ; they grow for the moft part in the Iflands. The Guaiyavas bears a wholfom and delicious Fruit like a large Plumb. The Palto, a Tree with mary Boughs, bearsa Fruit refembling a Pear, having a hard Rind, and within the Pulp a great Stone. The Fruit which grows on the Annona hath out- wardly the fame fhape, but white within, and hath many black Kernels, which tafte very delicioufly. The Fruit Andas, fo call’d from the defolate Peruan Moun- tains on which they grow, refemble the foreemention’d Cocoa, but, differ from the Eajt-Indian,becaufe they are full of hatd fhell’d Almonds,the like whereof grows on the Tree Cachapoyas,which are not inferior toany European Fruits that grow on Trees; in that part of Pers which hath its Name from that Fruit is the beft fort, being ex- ceedingly devour’d by Monkies, who plucking the Cachapoya Almonds from their . Stalks, throw them on the Ground to break their prickly Shells, that fo they may eat the Kernels without hurt. The Mille-Tree, being a fort of Grapes, furnifhes with Wine. But the greateft benefic the Inhabicants receive is by their Sheep Pacos and Moromoros, which carry great Loads, and feed on what they find by the Way ; their Fleth is good and wholfom,and being either Smoak’d or Salted, keeps good 2 confiderable time; their Wool drefs‘d affords Cumbi, of which they make fine | Table- Chap. IV. AMERICA Table-clothes and Tapeltry, which on both fides is alike. The chiefelt Weavers liv’d formerly at Copachica, near the great Lake Titicacn : They Dye their Wool with the Juice of boyl’d Herbs. It feemsalfo ftrange’ to confider what Loads the fore- mention’d Sheep carried, for befides all forts of Merchandife ithey convey dthe Silver from Potofi to Arica, a Way of fixty thrée Leagues ; but in former times they brought it as far again to Arequipa ; and though they panied two thoufand Bars at atime, amounting to above thirty thoufand Ducats, yet they had no other Guard but a few Herd{fmen, who driving them flept with them j in the Nights under the bare Ski¢, yet loft none of their Riches, but when the bald Sheep call’d Moromoros being wearied with their Loads, Randing ftill, ftretch’d out their Necks, and looking on their Drivers; ona alee ran up into the Mountains, by which kbs che Silver was oft-times loft, if they were not fuddenly fhot. Fhe woolly Sheep Pacos have alfo ftrange Tricks, bist they often fall down under their Loads, and cannot be got up again, but enustt be let aloge'till they rife of themfelves. So foon as one ait the Sheep: hath gotten the Mange (which the Peruvians call Tecarache;), they bury them alive to prevent farther Infection. The antient Natives, though differing in Language and Cuftoms, yer went all The Cutoss Apparell’d after the fame fafhion, the Men cover’d themfelves with a Shirt; which ofthe ancien came down below their Knees, and over that a Cotton Cloak; the Women wore woollen Coats down to'their Ancles: Their Head- Ondine were different ac- cording to an inviolable Compaé between the Natives of feveral Provinces, for fome were wrought, fome plain, fome divers colour’d Caps, with two, three, or no Feathers, according tothe Cuftom of the Place: They were generally of a middle Stature, but thofe that were near the Equinoctial Line leffer.. Their Hifto- Sims me ries make minting alfo of Gyants, who formerly inhabited the Promontory “""* St. Helena, were each four times bigger than an ordinary Man, and fed not onely. on the greateft Sea-Monfters, but devour’d each of them thirty Peruvians at a Meal. The Stone Images of thefe Gyants are at this day to be feen not far from Puerto Viejo. ~They likewife kept for a long time Annual Feaft-Days, on which they la- mented the lofs of the Gyants, which (as they fay) was as followeth : A Youth glittering in glory like the Sun defcended from Heaven, and breath’d Fire, which rending the Rocks fo terrifi’d the Giants, that they fled-into a deep Cave, where they were all kill’d. Cornelius Whitefleet relates, That Helvins, Governor of Puerto Viejo, being Ritr'd, Hivien finds up by the Repart of the fore-mention’d Images, caus’d all the Graves to be broke ‘Gian. open; in fome of which he found Bones, which they fuppos’d to be Whale-Bones, had not the Sculls manifefted the contrary. Concerning the original of the Kingdom of Peru the Natives give his Account TPs, ofgivl ofit: That the moft antient Inhabitants flock’d together like wild Beafts, with: domol Pow out conftant Abodes, Cuftoms, Laws, or Gavainots; which falvagenefs is ftill res tain’d in many Parts, dedonglt the Brafilians, Chunches, Chiruguanes, Y/cayungus, Piloco- nens, moft of the Floridans, (binchemeco’s,and others, which degenerate from all Hus manity. In time when fome kind of Government began to be obferv’d, it was ras ther Popular than Monarchical ; yet generally thofe that were moft powerfil, vas liant and fubtile, bore the oreatelt {way : Amongft whom the firft that five Ages fince Commanded over the Inhabitants of the Valley Cufco, was Ingaroca, a {ubtile and politick Perfon, who built the Fort Pucora, Eaftward near the Foot of the Mountain Andes, that fo he might bridle the People which inhabited in thofe _ Parts between the Rivers, Moors, and Lakes, where the remainders of the Fort are to be feen at thisday : sce tk he conquer ‘dall che Countrey along the Sour | thern 4 lS 416 | AMER 1624. | Chap. TV, thern Ocean towards the North and South, giving out that he-was éxtradted from The ovina! one of the feven Ingas (by which Name the Peruan Kings have been fty¥d ever fince) which came out of the Cave Pacaritambo, where they were preferv’d againft the Deluge (of whichthe Heathens in America had long fince an obfcuré knowledge,) and reftor’d the drowned Families; wherefore every one not onely obey’d, but paid him Tribute; and bound chemfelees to receive of him the true Religion, which they defir’d he would teach them, as none knowing the fame better than he, whom they look’dupon as Extracted from the Ingas. Amongft thefe Ingas the chie. feft was faid to be Mangocapa, who, according to their fabulous Tradition, climb’d through the Window Tambo out a the Cave Pacaritambo,and produc’d two Pamniltes? viz. Hunan Cufco, and Urin Cufco; from the firft wheres Ingaroca affirm’d bine felf Defcended, and having firft made himfelf Mafter of allthe Countreys about Cufco, rais'd the Family Vicaquiquirao, and laid out a great part’ of his Revenues upon Gold and Silver Utenfils, and Ornaments for his Perfon and Houfe, which-he in his laft Will charg’d that none of his Succeffors fhould inherit, nor dwell in his Palace, but that every one fhould build a new Habitation for themfelves: He alfo cfeéted divers: Goldendale. | Some Authors begin this Dynafie of the Kings of Peru in a very different mariner, making Mango Capa to be the firft thereof, and to have been Succeeded by his Son Chincaroca, which cannot but be the fame with this Ingaroca here mention’d. Yaguare Paguarguoge QuOgt (chat is, Crier of Blood, becaufe on atime being Commander, and taken Pri- ims. foner, out of vexation and exctedinig grief he cried Blood) Satcecding him aftet his Death, raisd the Family Aocaillipanaca, and was Succeeded by his eldeft Son, thes viracocha tn Wealthy Viracocha Inga, of whom, when the Spaniards conquer’d Pern, went a Re- Rictes’ port, that great Riches lay buried in the Earth with him, wherefore Gonzalus Pi- zarrus tortur’d the Natives after an inhumane manner, to nbs of them where the Grave of the faid Inga was; at laft obtaining his Defire, he digg’d for the Body, which ke. found fo well Embalth ‘d, that it feem’d to kivel but no Gold with it; wherefore Pizarrus deceiv'd in his expectation, burnt the Corps ; the Afhes wheres of the Indians gathering in Urns, worfhipp’d, though when he liv’d the Vulgar were much incens’d at him, for taking upon him the Name ofViracocha, who was — their fupream God and Oieasas of all things; but he pacifi’d them, Cavity: That Viracocha appearing to him in a Dream, had commanded him to take ‘elvae Name ups on him. tupargni’s "The fourth Inga, call’ d Pachacuto Yupangui {ucceeded in the Throne after the Death Policy to gain pai of his eldeft Brother,who was flain in a Field-Battel againft the Changas, inhabiting People. the Valley Pee where the Pernan Army was utterly defeated, few of them onely efcaping by flight; among whom was Yupangui, who perfwaded the reft to a fubtile Defign, by alledging, That the Almighty Creator, angry at their Deftru- tion, had reveal’d many Secrets to him, vig. That the Creator in Heaven was call’d Viracocha Pachayachachie; That. he refented it very ill ; That whereas he for- merly made Heaven, Sun, Moon, Stars, and Men, none worfhipp’d him for it, but in ftead of him ehey reverenc’d the Sun, Thunder; andthe Earth, who had their Beings from him; That he would Crew his Power againft the victorious Changas by an unexpected Affiftance of an invifible Army. This being believ’d of | every one, ftirr’d up the Peruans far and near, infomuch that in a fhort time a vaft Army being rais’d, prefented themfelves to Yupangui, who made good ufe thereof; and alfo told them that Viracocha had decreed in Heaven, that he Yupangui fhould be his Vicegerent on Eatth ; which the Army believing, fetthe Perwan Crown which they had taken from his Father, on his Head : . Thus promoted, he march *d againft the Chap. IV. : AM ERIC 4. 417 the Changas, whom in a bloody Battel he conquer’d, and brought them all under his Obedience’: Moreover, he made his Soldiers believe; that they were not the Con- ierors, but invifible Men, whom Viracocha had fentjand whocould be feen by none but himfelfjand that after the Battel they were turn’d into Stones;which they mult {eek for. Whereupon they gathering a great number of Stones on the Mountains, Grols Sipehe Yupangat call’d them Pururancas; atid otder’d that they fhould be worlhipp’d, and ruakitt ? éarried with them into the Field whenfoe’re they “fought another Barrel, hoping thereby to ftir up his 'Soldiers to be couragious, who firmly believ’d, that with the vifible Stones walk’d invifible Heroes that would ceftainly affift them. This Ima- giiation wrotght fo'mich, that Yupangui’s Army aflur’d of Vigtory with the help of the Stones, went on undauntedly on all Defigns,'infomuch that being fear’d by all the adjacent People, he fore’d them'all to fubmifficn, This Yupangui rais’d the Fartily Ynaapocoea, ‘and plac’d a’ great“Golden® Image call’d: hidyllapa on a Golden Chariot, which fiace was religioufly worfhipp’d; and afterwards carried to (axa> wnaled, for'a Ranfom of the Peruvian King Attabaliba; whom the Spanifh General Pizars ras kept Prifoner, and at laft Strangled. ’ The Couricellor Polis opening Yupangui’s Grave, found the Body Embalm’d, and no way defaced, but the Eyes cover’d with thin ‘Golden Plates, and on his Head appeat’d the Scar of a Stone which had been — thrown at'him'; and though the Body ‘had lain ¢ighty years inthe Grave, yee. ic feem’d'rather living than dead, being onely alittle grey. This Corps, as allo fevee ral other Inga’s, ‘the Marquefs Camette brought from Cu/co to Lima, fo to prevent the Peruvians worfhipping of them, ~~ > Pads nsw y: | “Ynpangui after his Deceafe was fucceeded by Sopa Inga, and he by his Son of the fame Name, who rais‘d the Family Ayoue Alles The. laft (for nothing worthy,of | inémory was done by either of them) was fucceeded by Guaynacava; a wealthy and tesa Valiant young Man, who was no fooner fetled on the Throne, but he manag’d all Ghia things with great’ prudence, maintain’d War with feveral People; and conquet’d the Kingdomiof Quito, four htindred Leagues beyond Cu/co, whither after his Death his Body was carried, and buried in the famous Temple of the Suns but his Entrails were buried in Quito not without many bloody Offerings ,thoufands of his Servants _ Sacrificing themfelves at his Grave willingly, that fo they might ferve their Prince in the other World. The invaluable Treafures which he left.behind him were care- fully hid by’ the Peruvians till the Spaniards conquer’d that Countrey: The pav’d Ways, magnificent Buildings, and ftrong Caftles, teftifieas yet the Power of this Inga; wherefore in his life-time he was honor’d asa God. His Mother Mamiaoclo liv’d to fee above three hundréd'of her Children’s Children, all Extracted from her Son — Guaynacava..— | Bat | The chief of the Family Fanebamba were Huafcar and Attabaliba,Sons to Guaynacas wat beet va;(both by the Coya,or lawful Queen however fome have deliver’d to the contrary) Ne Brosher who falling at variance betwixt themfelves, refolv’d to decide the Quarrel by a . a Field-Battel, in which Attabaliba, being the youngeft, was Conqueror. This Civil War was at the heighth-when the Spaniards invaded Peru, which they could ne- ver have conquer’d, had not the Realm been fo divided. During Aetabaliba’s Im- prifonment by Pizarrus, histwo Generals, Quizaniz and Chilicuchima, took the Inga _ Euafcar (formerly call’d Tito Cuft Gualpa, Attabaliba’s Brother) in Cufco, and carrying fealedt himto the Valley Sacfabwana, burnt him alive. It is fet down as remarkable, “H that Aluafcar after his being vanquifh’d, made gteat Offerings to Viracocha, thereby to ain his affiftance in his extremity againft Atabaliba ; when he was inform’d, that a ftrange People which came from a remote Place over the Seas, had defeated Actas baliba’s Army,atid taken him Prifoner : From which News Huafcar taking courage, | . Rt call’d AMERICA. Chap. IV. call’d the Spaniards Viracochas, and judg’d that they were come. from Heaven to his Delivery, and the more,becaufe his Brother had {pile fo much Blood already : for Attabaliba had not onely flain the Prince Atoco, which led Huafcar’s: Army, with three thoufand two hundred Men; ‘and drank out of Atoco's Skull tipt with Gold, but had alfo pluck’d out the Harts of above a thoufand Children, which the Canna: 18 rites {ent with Palm-Boughs to him, to defire Peace. | UPA Mongo tee AW Frer Attabaliba’s and, Hluafcar’s Deceafe, Mango Inga theit Brother drove all the Mountain Spaniards out of Cufco, whither they not long after coming with new Forces, necef- ficated’ Mango, not without the lofs of many Men, to take his flight up into the Mountain Vilcabamba, where he Setling, his Succeflors Reign to this day, fecurd from any Invafion by the natural ftrength of the Place. But the Inga Saritopa co- ming from the fore-mention’d Mountain, fubmictted himfelf to the Spaniards, who allow’d him the Valley Yucay to dwell-peaceably in; but the reft of the Family of the Inga’s that fell into the Hands of the Spaniards, were all of them kill’d in Cujco, not without great grief of the old Inhabitants, to fee fo antient and noble a Family, by which they had been Govern’d in great State for three hundred years together, put to death by common Executioners. en cya te The City Cufco, which was the Royal Seat of all the Peruvian Kings, was made Kin" More {fplendid than ever before, by Guayanacava,of whom Augufline de Tarrate,delcri- bing his Magnificence,relates, That when his Queen was Deliver’d of a Son, who was to fucceed in the Throne, Guayanacava kept a great Feaft for tweaty days toge- ther,and on that day when the Child was to be Nam’d,a Golden Chain, each Link of which wasas big as a Hand, and contain’d in all feven hundred Foot in length, was carried by twenty Peruvians to the Temple. Themamer "The Succeffion of the Inga’s was after this manner : The Inga’s keeping many cc kig, Concubines had many Children by them, none of which could lay claim tothe Peruvian Crown, but onely the Son begotten on the Coya, or Queen, being generally the Kings own Sifter,(whom they accounted lawful for them to Marry,as in antient times did the Egyptian Kings) Inherited the Realm, unlefs the Inga had a lawful Bro- ther, who Inherited before the Son, though born of a Cyya; orif the faid Brother had a Son, he obtain’d the deceafed Uncles Crown before him, who in apparence — was the elder Heir. | | tzitle | The fame Succeffion was alfo obferv’d by other Governors, which the Peruyians call Curacds. ee ere nd difpolal The Burials of their Kings were perform’d with great folemnity ; and the Trea- oftheir Trea furres which they left behind were’ beftow’d in building of magnificent Guaba’s, which were Temples or religious Houfes, where a kind of folemn Worfhip was to be perform’d, to celebrate the Memory of the Deceafed. Some part of the Treas fure was alfo diftribured amongft the Inga’s Servants; but the Succeffor inherited not the leaft Mite of what his Predeceflor had gotten, but was fore'd, according to an antient Law, to build himfelf a new Palace, and purchas‘d anew every thing - elfe belonging to it. | theircrom Their Crown or Diadem wassonely a fine red woollen Coif with a Taffel, ‘that hung down over their Foreheads, which other meanet Princes wore hanging on their right Ear. a hat Their Coro- Their Coronations were alfo kept in great Pomp and State, the Nobility and me Prieftscoming from all parts of the Countrey to (u/co, befidesan innumerable mul- titude of common People. aah The Noblemens Prefentsto the Inga’s confifted chiefly of Gold and Silver Vef- fels, fine Cloth call’d Cumbi, all forts of Sea-fhells, and ftately Plumes of Feathers of gic 7 | Thoufands ineftimable value. Chiap. 1V: AMERICA Thoufands of Sheep differing in colour ferv’d for Offerings: moreover, the Chief Prieft facrific’d a Child before the Image of Viracocha, on whom with great Reverence he cry’d, 0 great God Viracocha, we Offer you this Child, that you may keep our Realm in Peace, aid us in time of War, profper our Inga inall his Undertakings, make him more powerful and greater than any of bis Predeceffors, and grant bim wifdom to Govern this vaft Countrey. : 419 No People in the World can be more telpedtive, and fhew greater Reverence to Take cat: their Kings, than the Peruvians : for there were never any heard of in this Countrey veomen © that ever Rebell’d againft their Prince,the reafon of which was chiefly becaufe they always Govern’d with great Juftice and Mildnefs, placing Governors over the re- {fpective Countreys and Provinces, according to their feveral Divifions, greater or leffer, with fubordinate Power one under another, fo that they Rul’d with great ftriétnefs, punifhing with Death both Drunkennefs and Theft. Moreover, the Ingas obferv’d a prudent way in Government, viz, ‘They kept their Subjects con- tinually employ’d : The ordinary fort of Perfons of fubdu’d Provinces were fent to remote Countreys, and the Governors thereof kept at the Court in Cufco ; and Princes Defcended of the Royal Blood fent in their Placesto Govern the new got- tett Dominions: they divided the Inhabitants into Companies, plac’d one to Command over ten, another over a hundred, and a greater Officer over a thoufand, and at laft a Prefeét or Major-General, over ten thoufand, every one of which Officers were to bring in an Account every Week to the fupream Governor, who was always of the Inga’s Family, what Men dy’d of their number, or how many were born, a prefent Eftimate of every ones Stock, in Cactel or otherwile, and all remarkable Tranfadtions that hapned. On the high Feafteday they were all to appear at Court, and to bring in the Rewenues gather’d out of their Subftitute Countreys. The main Divifion of the Countrey was into four grand Pro- vinces, call’d Tabucantinfuyos, according to the four Ways that went from Cu/co through the whole Realm, viz. Chincha/uyo towards the North, Coclafuyo towards the South, Andefuyo towards the Eaft, and Conde/uyo towards the Weft. The Col- le&tors were divided into Hananfayos, Upper-Colledors, and Urinfayos, or Under- Colle&tors. The Quipocomayos, or Accomptants, could caft up exactly with Buttons, not onely what every Province, but alfo what each Man was to pay, and that ac« cording tothe ability of the Countrey and Perfon. Many were the ftately Temples, invincible Caftles, magnificent Palaces, and Hominy other wonderful Stru@tures built by the Ingas, the chiefeft whereof ftood in Cu/co, Tiaguanaco;and Tambo, the Builders whereof were fent for by turns out of the ads jacent Countreys, from which they brought exceeding great Stones, moft of them thirty eight Foot long,eighteen broad,and fix thick, which were fo neatly joyn’d to» gether with Mortar or Iron-work, that a whole Edifice feem’d to be one entire Stone. Their Bridges that led crofs the Rivers were made of Flags and Ruthes, faftned to each Shore with great Ropes. The like Bridge lay crofs the deep Mouth of the Lake Chicuito, on which great Bundles of the Rufhes Toto being ty’d together, and cover’d with Straw, fo ftrengthen’d the Bridge, that great Loads were fafely _¢artried over the fame. | | No Prince ever poflefs’d fo much Riches and Splendor as an Inga of Pern, each The, sie Countrey prefenting him with what was moftefteem’d amongft them ; the Chiches tugas bringing Sweet-woods ; the Lucanas, ftrong Sedan-Carriers ; the (bambibilcas, brave Dancers ; and fo accordingly every Countrey provided him with what they beft efteem’d, befides the ufual Tributes which they paid. _ Thofe which dige’d the Gold and Silver out of the Mines; had Meat, se | Rr 4 an 420 AMERIT A. 3 Chap. IV. and Clothing from the Inga, though at other times he enjoy’d the Labors of his Subjects for nothing. Thele Several. <4 When at any time he conquer’d a Countrey by force of Arms, he madethem pay bate from three feveral forts of Tribute; the firft was beftow’d in voliaiath Offices. Each Coaoreytt Guaca or Chappel receiv’d alfo a Revenue from the late conquer’d Countreys, the Fruit of which ferv’d for Offerings to their chief God Pachayachachu, the Sun, their Thunderer Chuquilla, and to the Souls of the Deceafed, and for Food for the ; Priefts. The Religion through the whole Realm agreed with that which was obs ferv’d in Cufco. But the fecond Tribute fell to the Inga’s Family, or Relation and Soldiers. Thofe who Till’d the Inga’s Ground, Sung before him in Feftival Clothes, That which could not be fpent in the Genet was laidup in Store-houfes for ten years together, againft a {carcity fhould happen. Aged People, Widows, and fuch as were decrepid, paid no Tribute. The third part was for the Poor, eel had eve- ry Year a piece of Ground allow’d them to make ufe of as they pleas’d: In unfruic- ful Years they receiv’d an Allowance out of the Store-houfes before mention‘d. phir Provi- So likewife the Pafture, Meadows, and Arable Land was order’d for three fe- Poo. _-yeral Ufes, one third for religious Ufes, a fecond for the Inga’s, and the laft for the Poor. The Sheep being fhorn on a certain Day, yielded the Poor a certain quan- tity of Wooll to make them Clothes. As foonas any Beaft grew Mangy (which the Peruvians call’d Carache) they burnt them alive, fo to prevent the {preading of it farther. Thofethat belong’d to the Inga’s Family, wore all Clothes made of the fineft Wooll, and the courfelt, call’d Tabafca, was diftributed among the Vulgar... ay“ Befides this good Order of Government, it is wonderful to obferve the Peruvians manner of Living, each learning from their Infancy not onely a Trade, but all things which they accounted neceflary in Houfe-keeping, as Weaving, Tiling of Land, building of Houfes, and making of Tools requifie for both; fo that they never dnd ufe of one shocker on any Account. Moreover, Mafter ‘Artifts, who work’d more for Pleafure than Gain, dwelt apart, being Silver-{miths; Bae Muficians, and Dancers. Thorabits, “Their Habits were heretofore of one fafhion through the whole Realm, sod the Covering of their Heads were feveral, by which the People of one Coyntrey were diftinguifh’d from the other, according to an inviolable Law made many Ages fince ; fome therefore wore thin Caps, others broad Pleits, others little Mats others dnind Bonnets, others woven Caps, and the like. Sas Dheir Poft-Stages, call’d (hafquis, were little Houfes, each ftanding a League dha a half from one another, ‘wherein dwelt certain Officers, who with extraordinary {peed convey’d the Inga’s Letters fromone Chafquis to the other ; after which man=- — ner in two days time they convey’d a Letter ahundred Leagues. But fince the Spas niards conquet’d this Countrey, that Convenience was loft, till the tenth Peruvian Vice-Roy Martin Enriques re-eftablith’d the fame ; for he allow’d a Sallary to thofe Pofts, that they might with {peed convey all Letters and Packets from one to the other, being diftant, according to his Eftablifiment, four Leagues. pet free altly, the Ingas maintain’d fiict Laws in skieniaial Affairs; for as they did not Malefattors. neoleét to encourage noble Atchievements (for whoe’re had done a valiant AG: in the Wars, was made Governor of a Countrey, or had a certain quantity of Land given him, or Married one of the Inga’s Family,) fo likewile they feverely punith’d all Malefadtarss for Murderers, Thicwess and Adulterers fuffer’d Death without Mercy ; yet they allow’d ftore of Concubines, and it was free for any one to Lie with his Neighbor’s Concubine, but Death to have to do with any Man’s lawful Wife, who were fery’ d by the Concubines, When Chap. 1V. “AMER IC «z. When a Bridegroom Betrothed himfelf to his Bride, he gave her (and put them on himfelf) a pair of Shoes call’d Ajota, not unlike thofe of a grey Fryer, which were lin’d with Cotton if fhe were a Maid, but with Leaves if a Widow, who ne> verthelefs being generally younger than the Man; was.to Mourn a whole year in Black for her deceafed Husband; till the expiration of which time fhe was not'to _ 421 Their Marti- ages. Marry another. Governors of Provinces and other Officers of State. receiv’d their . Wives from the Ingas, who enquiring out the beautifulleftand moft accomplifh’d Virgins they could hear of, put the Aora on their Feet, and gave them to {uch Pere fons as they moft fancied ; after which if they committed Adultery they were cer- tainly put to death. ‘The Marrying of Brothers and Sifters wasalfo forbid, till the Inga Topa Yupangui,Father to Guaynacava broke that Law,by Marrying his own Sifter Mamoello, and made an Order that the Ingas onely fhould have that liberty , ‘nay, when he lay on his Death-bed, he ftriétly charg’d his Son Guaynacava to take his own Sifter Goya Cuifsilmay to Wife ; and this inceftuous Marriage produe’d Huafcar and Attabaliba, (though fomefay Attabaliba was begotten on a Concubine) in whofe time the Peruvian Kingdom went to ruine. Guaynacava alfo permitted the common People to Marry their Sifters of the Fathers fide, but not of the Mothers. . The Peruvian Houfes were antiently for the moft part light and {mall , and for their Table they made but little preparation, fatisfying themfelves with a little Beer made of Rice, Bread bak’d of Maiz, dry’d Flefh, Fifh, and Roots. In their Wars they us’d Slings, Darts, Arrows, Lances, Pikes, Halberds, Pole. Axes, and Shields. oe GREED) 2: Their Funerals were alfo folemnly kept, efpecially thofe of Perfons of Quality, the Corps was carried out on a brave Chair, from which he was put into the Ground, with two of his Concubiaes whom he beft affected, and alfo three Ser- vants, Gold and Silver Veffels, Maiz, and the Liquor Chicd,’ which the neareft Re. lation {purted into his Mouth through a Cane ; .all which they did that the Decea- fed might make ufe thereof in the other World. But before the Funeral the Relati- ons Mourn’d over the Corps feveral days, and after the Body was Interr’d, they plac’d the Picture of the Deceafed upon the Grave : but the meaner fort of Peo- ple had the Tools belonging to their Frade ; and Soldiers their Arms plac’d on the fame. | In theit Religion they had various Fancies ;_ their prime God Viracocha bore fee : : 2 § veral Denominations, and amongft othershe was call’d Pacachame, or Pachayacha- chick, by which he was fignifi’d to be the Creator of Heaven and Earth ; as al- fo Ufapu, that is, Wonderful. In honorto this Pacachama ftood formefty a magnifi- cent Temple about four Leagues from Lima, where'the Ruines ftill manifeft its for- Their man. ner of livirg. Their Fune- rals. Their Reli- ion, mer glory, it being the Place where the Devil anfwer’d the Priefts, wlio ftood with: their Backs towards the Image of Pacéchame, bowing their'Heads to thé Ground,and Showing many antick Tricks. Theéfecond Temple ftood near Cufco, in ‘which the Inga’s had plac’d the Images of all the Gods and Goddefles that were worfhipp’d in Peru; and before each Image ftood an Altar: the chiefeft of them, call’d Puachao, confifting of maffie Gold, was Dedicated tothe Sun, on whofe Forehead the Sun was Engraven on a Plate, which afterwards fell into the Hands of the Spanifh Cap- tain Mancius Sierra de Lequizamo, but becaufe he loft the fame one Night at Gaming, this Proverb was rais’d upon it, Lequizamo loft the’ Sun before it rofe, becaufe he got the Plate on which the Sun was Engraven in ‘thé Afternoon, and loft the fame in the Night : The Temple it felf, buile of great Stones, curioufly joyn’d together in Mofaick Work, and within link’d with Golden Plates of a Finger thick, ftood full of Golden Chappels and Altars. round about it were {everal Galleries, into which Rr 3 the AME RUC A, Chap. IV, Wie MITT UT - che Priets and Priefteffes Chambers open’d. Near the River Ticiquaque a third Temple, Confecrated to the Sun. ) The various This kind of Idolatry was common to the Peruvians with feveral other Nations ne Payee of the antient Eleathens, as hath becm before obfery’d, which made them mock at im the Spaniards when they told them of a Crucifi'd Saviour,faying they had a {plendid God, who appear’d to them in glory every Morning. In the third Temple near the River Taciquaque in Peru, which exceeded the other two, they worfhipp’d Thunder by the Name of Chuquilla,(atuilla,and Intillapa, which the Peruvians believ’d to be 2 Man that Commanded the Air, and who being Arm’d with a Club and Sling, throws down Rain, Hail, and Snow from the Clouds, and fhooting Bullets through the lower Region,caufes Thunder and Lightning : They worfhipp’d him after the fame manner as they: did Viracocha and the Sun, with holding up of a thing like a Glove, and fometimes Offering, efpecially in Cufco, living Children : Alfo they ador’d the Earth of which they made:the Goddefs Bathamama , alfo Mamacocha, the God of the Sea. The. Rainbowe, which the Ingas carried between two Ser- ts for their Arms, was alfo religioufly worfhipp’d. Amongft the Stars they imagin’d Colca, by us call'd Aries, or the Ram, as chief ; yet held feveral others of peculiar Denomination, in veneration, of which they crav’d fuch things as they wanted. The Shepherds ador'd the Star Nerenchilla, or Capricorn, whom they judge to Rule over the Beafts. Others worfhipp’d Machacnay, which the Buropean Aftronos mers call the Serpent, as commanding Serpents and Dragons, that they might re- ceive no hurt fromthem. Tygers, Lyons, and Bears, were Ruld by the Star Cha- guichinchag ;' wherefore thofe who would walk free from thole ravenous Beafts, lifted up folded Hands to the Conftellations reprefenting the fame. They believ’d that there was no Creature living on Earth, whofe Likenefs the Heavens could not afford, and that thofe which were on Earth were under the influence of thofe in Heaven : from hence proceeded the Names of the Stars Chacana, Topatatca, Mas mana, Mirma, and others. They likewife attributed a kind of Divinity to Fountains, Rivers, Rocks; Mountains, fome kisdsiofblerbs, Roots, and efpecially the Papas, : of pen —O «lt ie i es " 2 ————— i - . a. > - al o . = =" -™" - f = - - F . - a — 4 -- Pe _ + - a _— - an =". * ~ - —-- * ¥ 2 < - — ° a én ‘ x — « > 4 s = - am times = eee = ry o! = = : 7 -_ ofl — = a = . ~ 20 : " 7 ~ - = 7 - —— =. - — 7 ~ , . a a : a hes . : — - ~ - - ~—a + ~ — +. od = nt ~ -< = r- — > = * - ws > . — = ma . - a 4 . ae ; . = ~ on : -~ 7 — a = <1 7 : - = SS : ~ ; - : rs + ™ ' " a - - : - _— ee elu é = Chip We MER ICY. of a ftrange fhape, and had-a veneration for all manner of Gredtures that were of an unufual form. When they travell’d they firew'd Shoes, Plumes of Feathers, and Cocoa in all crofs Ways and tops of Hills, by them ‘call’d Apachitas ; and if they want the fore-mention’d things, then they throw a Stone for an Offering, from whence it proceeds, that in allcrofs Ways, andon-the tops of Hills, lie heaps of Stones, which are accounted holy. Awa s | The like fond veneration of Stones the Saracens are {aid antiently to have had, upon a Tradition, That Abrabam had enjoy’d Agar upon @ Stone, and that accord- ing to Euthymius and Libanius, he ty’d his Cammel toa Stone when he went to Offer his Son Ifaac. . f The Images of their deceafed Ingas, whichthey call'd Guaoiqui, were had in great honor, and carried with them to the Wars, ‘and up and down in Proceffionings, and call’d upon for fruitful Seafons. yas 87" The Immortality of the Soul, the giving of Punifhments to the Wicked, and of The ieee Rewards to thofe that do well, was generally believ’d amongft the Persvians, but ws, 'mmer. not the Refurreétion of the Dead. Many fuffer’d themfelves to be buried with their S™ Friends, that they might accompany them to the other World. When the Inga Guaynacava was buried, above a thoufand of his Courtiers Sung feveral Songs, kept a great Feaft, and went with great joy to be buried with him, that fo they might ferve their King on the other fide of the Mountains. They Offer’d likewife a great number of Children, and with theit Blood crofs’d their Faces from one Eat to ano- ther : But this barbarous Offering was never us’d but at the Death of prime Per- fons of Quality ; for the meaner fort of People fet onely Meat on the Graves, and gave the Dead.two Sutes of Apparel, put Money in their Mouthes and Hands ; for they believ’d that the Souls ranging up and down from place to place, fuffer’d many inconveniences. 7 4.23 The Peruvian Images confifted generally of Gold, Silver, Stone, or Wood, all of thir O* them ftrangely deform’d: Some of them were faid to give Refponces like the Oracle at Delphos and Dodona,chiefly in the Temple Pacachama,whofe greatne(s is {uf ficiently manifelt by the Ruines of its Wallsbeyond Lima, where Francifcus Pizarrus got an invaluable Treafure. Each Peruvian Province had a Temple, befides which, in the Cities, Villages, and Hamlets, were Chappels of Eafe, into which the Priefts went at Night with their Backs towards the Idol, bended Heads and Bodies ; in which pofture they requefted to know future Events,and were many times anfwer'd (if we may believe their Reports) in a terrible Voice. The great Temple at Cu/co, wherein the Ingas had plac’d all the Peravian Idols, is now turn’d into a Dominicau Cloyfter.In each Province of Peru was allo a Nunnery (if we may fo term it)or Ha- tyes tune bitation of devoted Virgins, call’d Allaguau,iie. A Houfe of the Cheice/t,over which was“ plac’d a Governor nam’d Appopanaca, to whom none durft deny their Daughters ; fome of which were ftyl’d Wives of the Sun, and others Servant-Maids to the fame: The Wives Cloth’d in Embroyder’d Coats, adorn’d the Temple, whileft the Maids kept clean the Walls and Floor. When they attain’d to fourteen Years of Age, fome were chofen out from the reft, and oblig’d to perpetual Virginity and foli- tude of Life in their Chappels ; which facred Obligation if they broke by fuffering any to Lie with them,they were buried alive after the manner of the Veftal Virgins, the Ceremony whereof is related by Plutarch: Others were oblig’d to make daily Offerings; others to make peculiar. Sacrifices for the Inga’s Health, and happy Events in Wat, many alfo were employ’d in the Court-Service to wait upon the Inga’s Wife or Concubines.,; and thofe being abfolv’d from their Vow, were oft. times Married to Courtiers, Thele Nunneries were Endaw’d with great Revenues from 424 AMERICA. r Chap. IV. Their Ons fromthe Chacaras, or Church-Lands. Their Offerings were (for fometimes the he Offer’d to their Idols the highly efteem’d Herb (0coa, Maiz feveral colour’d Plumes, Sea-Monfters, Gold and Silver Images of Beafts, fine Clothes call’d Cumbi, Sweet- wood, and Tallow to burn) eitherto have fuccels in thett Journeys, Trades, or fot the prefervation of Health, or to obtain a plentiful Harveft. But their ufial Offer. ings were (ces, a fort of Toads, which were eaten by the Peruvians. When the were to.do any Bufinefs of confequence, ther Perfons of Quality kill’d their Sheep Pacos, not without ftrange obfervation of the colour-and number of them, as alfo of the time ; all which things well confider’d, they took the Sheep and laid it ‘crofs their right Arm, turn’d the Face thereof towards the Sun, and mutter’d feveral - words to themfelves according to the colour; for if “it was {potted gtey, they {poke to Chuguilla, or Thunder; if white and fhore Fleec’d, to the Sun if well Fleec’d, to Viracocha. In Cufco they Offer'd daily. a fhort-fleec’d Sheep to the Sun in this manner : Making a great Fire call’d Vibbacaronca, the Priefts threw the Sheep and four Baskets of Cocoa into it. Their Sacrifices Coxocoviced and Sapovicea, to ob- tain Conquefts, were alfo very ftrange : for they gather’d out of Puna (whith ‘is a defolace place) feveral forts of Brambles and Bufhesnam’d Ganilli, which being all {et on fire, they went about the Fire with round Stones in: their Hands, on which were painted Serpents, Lyons, Toads, and Tygers, crying, Ufachum, grant us (Conqueft, together with this Prayer, Deftroy, O Creator, the power of our Enemies Gods : which faid, feveral flary’d Sheep were brought out, which for that reafon they call’d Urca ; whofe Hearts having torn out they began their Prayers afrefh, faying, Mighty Viracocha, thus do thou pull out the Hearts of our Enemies. Forthe profperity of the Ingas they kill’d in an open Field black Dogs, by them call’d Appitrucos, whofe Flefh was eaten with many Ceremonies by People appointed for that purpofe. They made Offerings alfo to the Fountains, Rivers, Brooks, and Sea-fhells, under pretence that thofe Shells were Daughters of the Ocean, and the Ocean the Father of Streams and Springs, when they bad Sow’ntheir Fields their Priefts,chofe to that Office, went from Houfe to Houfe to gather {uch Offerings as every one was pleas’d to give ; which they laid at the Banks of feveral Sluces, at the time when the Water began to rife there,thinking by thatOblation to keep them from over-flowing their Lands,and wafhing away their Seed.In all places where two Rivers joyn’d together they wafh’d themfelves, having firft bedaub’d themfelves all over with ftamp‘d Maiz, and afterwards look’d upon themfelves as well purg’d from Sin; which > power they afcrib’d to their Baths. To ftrangle Children between four and ten yeats of Age was never usd, unlef upon the Inga’s being fick, or when he receiv'd the Royal Taffel, that from the death of the Children he might rectiye Health, or Reign profperoufly. The fore-mention’d Nuns that were cho{e to at- tend on the King’s, were alfo ftrangled when the Inga was fick ; nay, fometimes a Father would Offer his Son to Viracocha,on the SunsPrieft’s fuggeftion, That by his Son’s death he would recover from his Sicknefs, Praying tothe foremention’d Dei ty, that they would be pleas’d to fave the fick Father, becaufe the Son had with his Death paid for his Fathers. | This kind of Cruelty the Devil feem’d to prompt the Heathens to, by making ufe of Abrabam’s Example, who prepar’d his Son IJ/aac for a Sacrifice on Mount Moria ; and that it was a Praétice amongft the antient Ammonites and Moabites, and other Heathens (by which even the Children of I/rael were apt tobe feduc’d) appears from the Scripture it felf: the Ceremonies of which bruitith Cuftoms, with the feven Brazen Chambers of Moloch, may be feen defcrib’d by Rabbi Solomon, ‘ Their High The high Feaft Capacrayne, which the Peruvians kept in the firft-Moneth Rayme, Featts. 7 agrecing —— -; a — - ‘ - = —— = -- —— ——— oe * a > =— = a =~. = a = = ee eee : _—— >< i, _ a ° _ => — = “ - “4 - — ~~ a = —- / FF -.~ q+ — « Z as - “a ewe + — . te mad : a= ee : . . —— = cee ae ee ~ 2 en ~ oO Say re r r : ’. i * *)' : 7 sy > ; ‘ ' : ; a\% ' -. 2. , ’ ‘ - ’ - 7,t ; j +! 'y : 7 } on nin ris is : L I P ; f >! - it ' 4 ei - i] 7 f 4 5/ b ' ‘ = } = Pal : i : ’ ' - 4 - ' ' "eS it} + | ; 7m a) ' : >: ; a “eal - - ; : 4 x : . 5 | : : 7 . 7” 7 Nid ; ! - a4 | ty : $f >) af ' Dieta 47H . : ' ; : . ‘ pat) : ia J \ : ? 7 a | 4 f ites rf 4 wer iss : f PP 7. ; "\ _ ; ;. oi : a : . , ¥ i : iw il ’ . o : a : 1 ' 4 7 7 - t | _ ‘ So ih : \ \ a? : ; 5 , ‘ | any " ’ 1 “ h> im Pet ¢ ‘ Lt] ; Chap. IV. AMERICA agreeing with our December, deferves ferious obfervation : for as long as the Featt lafted, no Stranger was fuffer’d to Lodge in Cufco, whither they all flock’d again after the Feaftewas over, to receive Cakes made by the Mamaconas (an Order of Nuns) of Maiz and the warm Blood of a white Ram, and were diftributed by cere tain Priefts (Extracted from the Royal Family Iuqui Yupangui) who carrying them up and down in Golden Difhes, gave every one of a Company one, faying at the delivery of it, If you do not Reverence the Sun and Inga, this Food will witne/s againft yon to your Ruine ; but if you worfhip them, then their Bodies will by this Pledge be united to yours : after which thofe that had eaten of the Cakes promis’d Obedience, and thank’d the Sun and Inga for their Food. | | At the foreemention’d Cha/quis a courfe was taken to carry all that defir’d, toeves ry Temple through the whole Kingdom of Peru, where the Inhabitants receiv’d them with great Reverence, having before confefs'd all their fins to their Yaburies, or Father-Confeflors, who being chofen to that Office with a great deal of Ceremo- ny, impos‘d greater or lefler Penances, according to the fins of the Penitent : thofe that were fufpeéted to have conceal’d any of their fins,were put to caft Lots,or had the Entrails of the Beafts which they had kill’d to that purpofe confulted about them, and thereby were difcover’d if they had conceal’d any of their fins ; which when- ever it hapned, the Priefts falling upon the falfe Penitents, thump’d them with a Stone on their Backs fo long,till they had confefs‘dall their Faults, which the Prieft was not to reveal on pain of Death, butto make Expiatory Offerings. The fins about which they were Examin’d, were chiefly Theft, Murder, Adultery, prepa- ring of Poyfon, or fleighting their Inga or Gods ; for each of which Tranf{greffions they had feveral kinds of Punifhments. When the Inga fell fick, all People in ges neral were fore’d to come and make Confeffion of their fins ; alfo every oné went to his Confeffor when he was in trouble, or expected fome Misfortune to befall him : The Inga himfelf Confefs’d his fins to none but the Sun, which he defir’d torre» late to Viracocha,and to beg pardon of him for the fame;which done,he bath’d hims felfin a running Stream, and cry’d; I have made my fins known'to thee, O Sun ; do thon, 0 Ri. A2§ Their mannet of Confeffi- ons, 42.6 AMERICA. Chap. IV. O River, wafh away mine Iniquities, and difcharge them into the Sea, that they may never be more laid to my charge : which cuftom of Bathing, call’d Opacuna, was allo us’d by all riei: Pea other Penitents. A Father lofing his Son by Death, wascenfur’d for a great Sinner, — a wherefore he could not be permitted to be Confels'd before he had been whipp’d with Nettles by a cetain ill-look’d Officer appointed for that end; after which their Fathers Yhuris enjoyn’d fuch Penances as they thought fit ; fome were order’d to faft feveral days ; gthers to pay rich Garments, Silver, Gold, or the like; others — receiv’d acertain number of Blows; fome were condemn’d to live on the Moun. tains, excluded from the fociety of all Men. If their Sorcerers at any time fore- “told a Fathers Death, then he immediately Sacrifis'd his Son, that with his Death The Efem he might buy his own Life. No People were more me glee their Sooth- Soothfayers. (averg;'as Men that could difcover private Thefts, Accidents that hapned in re- mote Countreys, and alfo future Events,and fo far their Ci edict amongft th ¢ Vulgar carried-them; that they.undertook to tell the Spaniards when their Countrey-men fhould be Conquerors, and when defeated in the War they maintain’d againft the ~ Netherlanders.. There were alfo cunning Woggycr bo metas Srasiee dead Drunk with Chica, with which. they mix’d the Herb Viloa, and afterwards coming to themfelves again, anfwer'd all the Queftions that were propofedtothem. Their moth The Peruvians kept two forts of Feafts, the firft at certain times, the others on " fpecial octafions ; the fet-Feafts were kept Monethly ; onthe-firft Moneth Rayme, agreeing with our laft Moneth December, as aforefaid, they kept the great Feaft Ca- pacrayme, on which they brought Multitudes of Sheep agd Lambs for Burnt-offer- ings, befides Silver and Gold. Not far from the Fire ftood:three'Carv'd Images of the Sun, and three others reprefenting Thunder ; and this was generally the Day of the Inftallation of the young Inga’s, which was after this manner : The chief Prieft boring a Hole through his Ear, cover'd the upper part of his Body with the holy Cloth Guaras, whileft the inferior Priefts whipt him with knotted Cords, and painted his Face with:the Blood. “During thefe Ceremonies no Stranger was {uf- fer’d to remain in Cu/co, but after the Feaft was ended they all return’d, and as bes fore, receiv’d Cakes bak’d of Maiz and Blood; as ateftimony that they lov'd and honor’d the Inga. The three Images of the Sun beforesemention’d they call’d Apointi, Churiunti, and Intiquaoqui, that is, FathereSun, Sun-Sun, and Brother-Sun. In like manner they nam’d the three Images of Thunder, Chugquilla, (atuilla, and Intillapa ; from which’ Acofta judges that the Devil had obfcurely taught the Peruvians the Myfteries of the holy Sacrament and Trinity, (that their glory might be eclips’d by Idolatrous Errors) efpe- cially. the laft, which f{eems plainly to be fignifi'd by the Peruvian Deity Tangatanga, whoin they affirm’d to be One in Three,and Three in One. And that other Nations alfo had a glimpfe of the fame may be collected from Philip Cluverius, who endeas vors to demonftrate, that che antient Germans and Gauls ob{curely ador’d the Trinity in the midft of their Heatheni/m, under the notion of Sun, Moon, and Fire, the Sun fignifying the Father, the Moon the Son, and the Fire the Holy-Ghof?; to confirm which he makes ule of Ce/ar’s Teftimony, viz, They onely efteem thofe Gods whom they fee, and thofe that.afsift them, viz. the Sun, Vulcan, and the Moon ; for they have never heard .any thing’ concerning any other Gods. Diodorus Siculus feems alfo to afcribe 4 glimpfe of this Myftery to the Egyptians, when he fays, That the antienteft Peo- ple in Egypt, when'they view’d the World, and were amaz’d at all things on the Earth,they judg’d that two Gods Govern’d them all,viz.the Sun and Moon,by whom all things flourifh’d and encreas’d ; to whom they added a third, namely Fire, to which they attributed a Divinity, as conducing much to the increafe and growth of ce all Chap. IV. a gh MM, BRA EC &, 4.27 h! ee te all things. The Moon, which was alfo call’d Juno, they judg’d to be the Offspring of God, (for Son and Daughter were promifcuoufly taken) who, according to Homer, Marrying with Jupiter, brought forth Vulcan, which might haply be to them a Type or Figure of the Holy-Gho/t, proceeding from the Father and Son: Vulcan was by her plac’d a Prefident over the Fire, by which the Heathens feern’d to imitate the fiery Power of the Holy-Ghoft, purifying and cleanfing all things: and this cleanfing Power was aim’d at by Romulus,when,according to Dionyfins Halicarnaffenfis, he commanded his Soldiers to leap through a Fire made before his Tent, that fo they might be purifi'd from all their Crimes. But it may be thought ftrange, that the Peruvians,Germans,or Egyptians, loft in a Wood of grofs Idolatry, could have any apprehenfion,though never fo ob{cure, of the holy Trinity,when as the moft nice and curious Greek and Roman Wits have made fuch grofs miftakes concerning God. But to return again to the Peruvians: They kept their fecond Feaft in the fecond Moneth ~ Camay, on which they threw the Afhes of their Offerings into the River, and fol- / low’d them, on the Shore for the {pace of five Leagues, praying the River to carry | the Afhes to the Sea, where Viracocha.would receive them. In the third and fourth 3 Moneths they kill’d a hundred and ten black {potted and grey Sheep. In the be- Their Har ginning of May (by the Peruvians call’d Hatuncuzqui) they gather'd in their Maiz, and nie. kept the Feaft Aymorai ; after which they return’d home Singing. from thrir Fields, call’d Chacrd§ and carried a great heap of Maiz with them, nam‘d Peruas wrapping it up in rich Garments ; three Nights they continu’d their Ceremonies, implo- ring the Perua to preferve their Harveft of Maiz from any damage that might chance to come to it, and alfo to let that grow profperoufly which they fhould Planc next. Laftly, their Sorcerers confulted whether the Perua could laft till che nexe ae year ? towhich if they were an{wer'd No, they carried it into the Fields, and burn- ing it, madea new-Perua, which when they knew to be fufficient to laft gocd a year, they carried it tothe Granary in great triumph. In thefeyenth Moneth Ancaya- cuzgui, they kept the Feaft-call’d Intraymi, wivh a hundred Sheep, in honor of the Sun, They alfo made feveral Images of the Wood Quimia, which they put in rich =e : Hakirs, ay \ i} i) \ a y | —— | —— “s 4.28 AM ERI C a. Chap. IV. Habits, ftrew'd the Ways with Flowers, Danc’d a ftrange Dance nam’d Cayo, Drunk for four Days together. The eleventh Moneth Aymaraimi, was nam’d Pun- chaiquis, from the Feaft they kept therein, on which (befides the ufual Offerings of eight hundred Sheep) they ty’d a black Sheep to a Poft without Meat, till fuch time as there fell ftore of Dew. Their Feaft call’d Raymicantara Raiquis, was kept in the laf Moneth Ayamara, on which'their Youth were bor’d through the Ears. Their Fat Amongft the high Feafts which were kept on great occafions, the chiefeft was Ytri, againft which they all made new Clothes after a peculiar fafhion, wearing their Cloaks muffled about theit Heads ; in which manner they walked leifurely a whole Day and a Night ; during which time none durft either Eat or Drink, or open his Eyes: But after this {erious Proceffioning follow’d four days of-extravagancy, as Drinking, Dancing, and the like. In their Dances, which were to the found of Drums, Pipes, and Horns, they imitated all manner of Trades by ftrange motions of their Bodies, befides divers other Frolicks and May-games which ‘they tis’d at fuch times of Mirth and Feftivity: But fince the Spaniards conquer’d Peru, all thefe Heathenifh Cuftoms have-beem laid afide: aA aE ay ix Det As.to the Prognoftications:and Fore-runners of the deftruction of the old Empire svopte_ of Pern, it is reported, that Gaaynacaya, Father of the faft King: Attabaliba,lying on his Death-bed in Quito, faid to hisPrinces, ‘This Realn, at prefent rais'd to the highe/t top of Eminency, is haftming towards its\Ruine ; and though our Kingdom rentain as yet freee from foreign Invafion, the Countreys round about are already conquer’d and in' Slavery: The Gods have call'd firange People from unknown Regions, who by degrées: will reach ws alfo. With me; who am the twelfth Inga, dies the Dominion of the mighty Peru.’ A People of‘ other Fafhions and ‘Keligion will /ubvert our Religion, Laws and Government, and bring’ is ‘under Sabjettion to them, “There were alfo Signs and Prodigies that portended the Diffolution’ of this Empire; amongft the reft a great Eruption in the Province of Tatiiga; which rend- iag the Earth alunder vomitedup Flames of Fire;nor was it long é’te they were file flt'd;for whileftthe Peruvians were making of Offerings toViracécha for the delivery of their imprifon’d King Hua/car, News was brought to Cu/co of Attabaliba’s being ‘tas ken;the Particulars whereof,with other Matters touching the Conqueft of this Kings dom by the Spaniards, and how they pillag’d the Countrey, murder’d the Inhabi- tants, and enrich’d them(felves with their ineftimable Treafutes; fhalf in order be “related: | | sq arK I By whom The firft chac gave the Spaniards natice of Peru, was an Indian Prince call’d Pun- ditepe de guinaco, who having been taken Prifoner, inform’d Vafquez Nunez of the abundance of Gold and Silver which was to be had there, who-refolv’d to venture through @ thoufand Dangers into the South Sea. After which Francifco Pizarro, Ferdinand ‘de Lugue, and Diego de Almagro, confulted upon this great Defign, Anno 1525. Pizarrns being order’d to Sail before with a Ship carrying ‘a hundred and fourteen Men, and Ae magro to follow with a Veflel carryitte feventy Men, whileft De Lugue ftaid'to ma- nage the Affairs at home. Fifty Leagues Southward from Panama, Pizarias found 2 ! | bam beter in > - s a pr abe— = ies we ’ _- 3 se > . ‘ : i t, : o- ; A ' Bl m4 7 : ‘tif : ; tM ) - o OPE i 4 4 44 : tat } a 4) ‘5 3 ; ; ® ia a : - 7 ' Te > ‘ : Lan : a : 57 — ; H I fmall Neckof Land nam’d Peru, from which it is moft probable that great Kings dom afterwards receiv’d its Denomination, though many deduce it from the River Beru, as before mention’d : Thence Sailing to the main Continent of Peru, and Great Diti- Landing, he loft feveral of his Men, and being himfelf defperately wounded, re- Ditcovery of curn’d with ill fuccefs, whileft Almagro miffiag of him, Landed afterwards in the ik fame’ place, and were quieted, Pizarro began to build the City Los Reyos, near a convenient Haven cum sia of the Southern Ocean, whileft Almagro marching to Cbili with two: Troops of Horfe, and five hundred Foot, return’d without doing any thing remarkable, ex: _ cept his taking the Interpreter Philippillo (whomhe caus'd to becut into four pieces) and his maintaining feveral Battels againft che Chile/es, clad in SeasWolves Skins. In this Journey he loft feveral of his Men on the Snowy Mountains, About this time a Ship fitted out by Gabriel Carvajal, Bifhop of Placentia, Sailing through the Straights of Magellan, ran into the Haven Los Reyos, out of whichthe firft Rats {wam afhore that’ever were in Peru, by which the Countrey fince fuffering much damage, the Inhabitants call’d them Ococha, that is, Sinful Creaturess Now all things on ché Spaniards fide were tending to a quiet poffeffion, when anew Accident arofe, which had like to have fpoil’d all, for Mango Inga, Attabaliba’s Brother, being ‘releas’d OUt seanpo mga of Prifon by Juan Pizarro, obtain’ d leave.to go to Yucaya, to fetch the famous Golden iat" Image Machys, reprefenting his Father Guaynacava: but he having now gotten his a eh Liberty flew all the Spaniards which work’d in the Gold-Mines, took the Caftle 0 pe ies (ufco by Storm, as alfo the City, after a Siege of eight hioneibas which meverthe- . lefs was by Feantifeo Pizarro foon reetaken, and Mango forc’d to flye j into the Moun- tains Andes, after he had kill'd feveral of Almagyo’s Men; foon after Almagro about ye getting over the Wells, and taking. Ferdinando and Gonfalvo Pizarro, and S { 2 Alpbonfo Several Par- tics of the Peruvians fet upon the Spaniards and over~ throw them AMERICA. | Chap. IV. Alphonfo Alvarado Prifoners, condemn’d them all three to die, caus'd himfelf to be proclaim’d Governor, and gave the Royal Taffel to Paulo Inga, whileft Gonfalvo and Alvarado breaking Prifon, inform’d Francifco Pizarro thereof (who then had ob- tain’d the Title of Margue/s, and for an Inheritance, the Province Attabillos;) he was exceedingly troubled for his Brother Ferdinand, whofe Enlargement he thought would be beft procur’d by making Peace with Almagro, and the fooner, becaufe the Peruvians began to rebel againft the Spaniards in moft places, flew divers Companies of them; amongft whom Diego Pizarro was fet upon in'a narrow Path call’d Lau. cefta Parcos, and amongft the Mountains loft feventy Horfemen ; and Gonfalvo de Tapico fav'd not one of eighty Horfe. Alfo the Peruvians fetupon three hundred Troopers, Commanded by the Generals of the Horfe, Morgoveio and Gaeti, in a nar- row Path, and rowl’d down great Stones from the tops of the Mountains both be- fore and behind them, fo killing both Horfe and Man before they could put them- felves into a pofture of Defence, infomuch that none efcap’d with Life but two Troopers. Francifco de Godoy, fent out of Los Reyos with forty five Horfe, upon Difcoveries, return’d alfo with great lofs, being purfu’d twenty Leagues by the Pes — ruvians,againft whom Peter de Lerma being fent out with fixty Horfe,fought a whole day with them, and though few of his Men were kill’d, yet many were wounded, and feveraltaken : The victorious Peruvians retreating to the top of a fandy Moun- tain in the Night, Offer’d the Spaniards they had taken Prifoners, as a teftimony of thanks, to Viracocha, and afterwards ftood drawn up near the City Los Reyos by the General Tyxopangui.. The Marquefs thus befet round, fent for Aid from New Spain and Truxillo, and alfo for Alphonfo Alvarado to come back, who had beep fent to difcover the Countrey Chachepoyos, and being gotten into'a Defart, would without _. doubt have perifh’d for want of Water, had not fome Horfemen riding fomewhat They are beaten by Alvarado. Civil War between Pi- zarroand Al- HrAgTO. out of the Way, found Pits with frefh Water : notwithftanding which, five hun- dred Inacona’s (for fo the Spaniards call’d the Peruvian Slaves) died for Thirft. He was afterwards’ fupply’d by Gomez Tordoya with two hundred Men, by the help of whom, though encompafs’d by the Inhabirants near the Bridge Lamucacha, where began a fierce Battel, Alvarado wasin the end Conqueror. Whileft the Spaniards found fo much to do with the Peruvians, yet they could not forbear more and more Clafhing amongft themfelves, the Marquels commanding that Almagro fhould furrender and leave the City Cufco; but he refuling to obey, fortifi’d himfelf on the top of the Mountain Gaytara, ftopt the Ways by cutting down the Trees : but Ferdinando Pizarro getting up to the top along a private Way, made fuch a confufion amongft them with Bolt-fhot, that Almagro, who was fick at that time, was fore’d to lye; which being told Pizarro, he purli’dhim, and had doubtlefs utterly defeated him at that bout, had not his Men, benumm’d with marching in the deep Snow, been taken with a Diftemper which made them as if they had been all Sea-fick, (for fuch is the property of the Mountain Guaytara) in- fomuch thatthey could {carce carry their Arms : Whereupon Almagro was advis'd to oppofe his Purfuers, and that he need not doubt of the Victory ; but he either following his own Didtates, or being counter-advis'd, fortifi'd himfelf in (ufco, whither Ferdinand and Gonfalvo Pizarro march’d againft him. Rodrigo de Orgonnes Commanded Almagro’s Army, who being fick, lay on the Walls of the City to fee the Battel fought. The Peruvians, who on each fide werein the Spanifh Service, march’d in the Front : on the twenty fixth of April, Anno 1538. the Bight began, in which the Almagrians did much mi(chief with Crofs-bar fhot amongft the Pizarrians; yet Almagro’s Horfe retreated firft, being under the Command ‘of Peter Valdivia ; foon after which the reft of his Army, their Courage alfo failing, fled tothe City ; into Chap. LV. ea MERLC A. into which, as foon as Orgones being fhor in the Head and flain, the Conqueror rufh’d after them,and rook Almagro Prifoner : yet notwiftanding this prof{perous be- ginning, he foon found himfelf in a great ftrait, fince thofe which remain’d alive of Almagro’s Party refus’d to ferve Pizarro, and murmur’d again him in all places, refolving to take Almagro from him by force, -befides that Pizsrro’s Soldiers grume bled thatthey were not paid fufficiently for the many hazards which they had run: wherefore to compofe thefe Troubles as well as poffibly he could, he banifh’d all whom he thought to be of the oppofite Party, fent away the chief of his own mu- tinous Soldiers with Captain Peter de (andia, todifcover new Countreys, put. Almas gro to death, and march’d to Callao; where being ftraitned for want of Provifion, he made no ftay, but got his Army with much ado to Cufco. Gonfalves Pizarroowas likewife fo fet upon by the Natives, that he loft a confiderable number of Men; In fhort, the Pizarrans were defeated in all places, and at length the Marquels, themarquef though forewarn’d by his Secretary Antonto Picado, was murder’d in his own Houfe eeu in the City of Lima, otherwife call’d De los Reyos by. a Baftard-Son of Almagro,nam’d ses Diego,in the Year 15.41; his Body dragg’d to the Church-yard, lay there to every ones view and derifion, till Jobu de Barbara buried the fame. His Father Gonfalvo nis Origioal Pizarro, fit-nam’d The tall (Citizen of Truxillo, Commanding a Company of Foot jin fer ofhis Ri- Navarre, had two lawful Sons, viz, Ferdinand, who was murder’d in the Spanifh 5s: Caftle Motta, and Joba that was flain in Cufco, when Mango Inga conquer’d the City, the other two, Gonfalvo and Francifco, being both Baftards ; the laft of which is faid to have been expos’d by his Mother inthe Church Porch, and kept alive for feveral days by fucking of a Sow, till his Father afore-mention’d finding him, and acknowledging him for his Son, put him out to Nurfe, and when he was grown up fet him tokeep Swine ; which courfe of Life hefoon left, and following Alphon- fus de Ojeda, Balboa, and Pedro de Avita in their Expeditions, he quickly grew rich, and at laft came to that heighth of Honor and Command we have heard. - Francifo Martino de Aleantara was alfo his Brother by the Mothers fide onely. He was a Man who defpis’d all Dangers and Hardfhips, was fo well experienc’d in Martial Afe fairs, that he might well ftand in competition with many of the antient Heroes. In Los Reyos he built two very artificial Water-Mills, a Dominican Cloyfter, and an- éther for the Monks De la Merced, and likewife a ftately Palace for himfelf : He, was both meek and affable , and though he bore the greateft Command in the Em- peror’s Name over the mighty Kingdom of Peru, and got more Riches than ever - any of the Roman, Perfian, Grecian, or-Affyrian Monarchs poffefs’d, yet he went in the fame plain kind of Apparel in the heighth of his Grandeur,as when he was but ina low Condition, about his Neck he commonly ty’d a Linnen Hankerchiff,with which he us’d to wipe the Sweat from his Face: in peaceable Intervals he {pent whole days in playing at Bowls, without any diftingtion of Perfons, chufing often to play rather with a Sea-man or common Soldier, than a phantaftick Gallant : He vifited the meaneft Citizens, and many times us’d to eat with poor People, to whom he’ was upon all occafions very noble and liberal ; All his Defigns he carried on by the ftrength of meer natural Parts : for he was fo very illiterate, that he could nei- ther Write nor Read, his Edicts were Sign’d with his two Marks, betwixt which his Secretary writ Francifco Pizarro; he is faid to have hada Son which died young by Attabaliba’s Sifter, who came afterwards to be call’d Donna Angelina; he died in a very unfortunate time, for upon his good fuccefs the Spanifh Powet had grounded _ their whole Defigns thinking with the Peruvian Treafures,as the Sinews of War, to ~ have erected a fifth Monarchy to fucceed the fourth of the Romans. Pixarro’s Murderer, though aiming atthe Supream Power, he had a confiderable cs “Se Sf 3 Party 433 ad .' s *« . —- ——— Lone Seed a ee > =e or, > —* :* *. 4 a = ie 434. AMERICA. Chap. 1V. Party to countenance and aid him,yet he found refiftance in many places, not with. aimsgrawt- Ot the lofs of many Men on both fides. In which Junéture the Learned Vacca de ed by Pace (a/tro Landed in Peru, with a Commiffion from the Empéror to fettle the divi- "ded Kingdom of Peru in Peace and Quiet ; but the young Almagro mad to fee his Ambition thus crofs’d, gave Battel to Caftro in the Plain of Chupas ; the Difpute was long and refolute on both fides, and the Night coming on made the Fight the more terrible, in which the Victory inclin’d to Ca/tro ; however the Almagrians ftood to it ftoutly for a great while, and that chiefly through the valor of the Captains Balboa and Chriftopher Lofa, who breaking in amongft the Caftreans, hack’dand hew’d down all they came near, till at laftthey were forc’d to betake themfelves to flight, .and*had not many of them exchang’d their white Scarfs with the red of the flain Caftreans, {carce any of them had efcap’d from being kill’din the purfuit, and moft Pita w? of them that did efcape were flain the next Morning by the Peruvians. Rodrigo Sala- Bencatcd, | 8A?, Almagro’s, Deputy, deliver’d up his Lord to (4/tro,who condemn’d him to death, whereupon he was immediately Beheaded with a Sword. This Bartel hapned on the twenty fixth of September Anno 15,42. when it Froze fo hard the following Night, that moft of thofe that were left wounded upon the place, were frozen to death. Thus Caftro'began his Government with Bléod, and made it his firft Bufinefs to make a Difcovery by feveral of his Captains, whom he fent for that purpofe, of the Countreys lying Eaftward from Peru, lying upon the great River Dela Plata, and the River Marannon, where in moft places they met onely with falvage People, and for the moft part Maneeaters , and in one place where they Landéd, a great Fifh re- fembling a Dog came afhore and kill’d feveral Arm’d Soldiers. A year and a half Cafiro had liv’d in Cufco, when at the arrival of the Vice-Roy Bla/cus Nunnex Vela, all things were turn’d topfie-turvy, he being fent thither by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, accompanied by four Councellors, Diego Sepada, Lifon Tejada, Juan Alvarez, and Peter Ortiz, to curb the Spaniards Villanies and Outrages committed againft the Peruvians entred Tumbex Anno 1544. where he immediately publifh’d the Emperot’s Edié&s, which were to this effet : | . tH pr. 4! Peruvians are to be releas’d from Slavery ; no Spaniard fhall in the leaft oppref? them, ror’s Procla- half cr ihe 20” make ufe of their Service without rewarding them for the fame, nor take any Provifions of tndians. them without paying for it, | tl yeinted EHS Proclamation was like to put the’ Spaniards into an uproar: for at that by the Spami- time a Peruvian Lord was fore’d to allow every Foot-Soldier three Slaves, anda | Horfeman five, befides Hens; Rabbets, Eggs, the Wine Azun, and other Provifions, for nothing. The general Complaints were, Is this the Reward for our Service which we have fhewn to the Emperor ? Is not this mighty Kingdom of Peru by our Blood and Labor joy'd to the Imperial Crown? Our Shoulders are grown fore under ou Arms, ont Bodies made — ufelef8 with Wounds, and our Limbs lame’d with Bruifes. Who fhall maintain our Wives and Children, if the Peruvians, who according to the Law of Arms are become our Slaves, [hould not be forc’d to fifh for Pearls in the Sea, and dig us Silver out of the Mines, and do us other Service for to maintain us ? But Vela being deaf to thefe Complaints, refoly’d that the Emperor’s Commands fhould be fulfill’d , and that chofe that {pake againft them fhould lofe their Lives > and that he might terrifie the generality with the punifh- ment of a few, he caus’d Fryer Peter of the Order of the Virgin Mary to be Execu- ted in Traxillo, Caftro tobe committed to Prifon at Lima, becaufe hehad put Abnagro to death without Examination, and thut the Gates of Cufco when his Agent came before the fame. _ But do what he could, the Spaniards generally making Head, ut- terly refus’d to obey the Emperor’s Ediéts, arid chofe Gonfalvo Pizarro for theit General, who rais’d five hundred Men in compleat Arms in Cufco, from whence he : af eet | march’d Chap. IV. eA MERIC £4 4.35 march’d direétly with themto Los Reyos, under pretence to deliver 2 Petition Pear mat there to the Vice-Roy’s Council, about deferring to. put the new Edicts in force the Viee Roy till the Emperor was better inform’d of the prefent Candition of the Peruvian State; swenty great Field-picces being alfo order’d to follow Pizarro’s Army, .were cars ried by the Peruvians over craggy Mountains ; to each Gun withouc*the Carriage were order’d three hundred Men, of whom twelve at atime carried ic in their turns a hundred Paces a piece ; though feveral eminent Perfons confidering the weightinefs of the Affair, forfook Pizarro’s Party, and went privately tothe Vice- Roy, as onthe other fide, many deferting the Vice-Roy joyn’d with Pizarro, who being nota little fupply’d by Peter Puelles Governor of Gianaca, took feveral of thofe that had deferted him Prifoners, and put them all to death, whileft the Vice-Roy made what Preparations poffibly he could; Hanging many innocent Perfons onely | on fufpicion of holding Coyrefpondency with Pizarro, infomuch that there was no | end of Murdering on both fides. But Vela clafhing with his Councellors, becaufe Vebaclathing they would not confent that he fhould ruine Los Reyos, refolv’d to do it) without Commision. them»; and to that end to remove the Emperor's Seal, Staple of Trade, and Courts upon. of Judicature to.Truxillo, and to fpoil the Countrey all about; whichashe was about be, a in Execution, they privately got Captain Martin Robles, and Vela’s Lifeguard, confifting of a hundred Men, on their fide, whileft the common Peo- ple mutinying broke into the Palace, took Vela and carried him tothe chief Church in Los Reyos, where the four Couincellors wereaflembled, who order’d that the Pris foner fhould be Shiptand fent away to Spain, when Alvares Cueto lying in the Har- bor with ten Sail, threatned to fall upon the Inhabitants if they would not releafe the Vice-Roy : whereupon the Councellors well provided with Guns, rais'd fee | veral Batteries againft his Ships, fo that Cueto finding himfelf too weak, fet four of his Veffels on fire, and Sail’d with the reft to the Haven Guavara; where being ‘fet upon by Diego Garzias, he was'forc’d to deliver the remaining part of his Fleet up to the Councellors, who fent Vela away with the fame, under the Command of Didaco Alvaradez. But Pizarro, who till this time had pretended that he fought nothing elfe but /ela’s Departure, march’d clofe to the Walls of Los Reyos with _ twelve hundred Men, Hang’d three Citizens upon a Tree, requir’d the Councel- lors to grant him Letters Patents, by which he might be acknowledg’d for the Su- pream Governor of Pern, which if they refus’d, he threatned to put all that were in the City to the Sword, and upon Confultation it was judg’d convenient to grant his Demands, the rather, becaufe they had not above fifty fighting Men in the City. Mean while Didaco Alvaradex making an Agreement with the Vice-Roy, Bsing shipe’ they‘ return’d back with their Ships, and Landed in the Haven Mouth of the Ri- brows back ver-Tumbex, tais’d what Forces they could poffibly thereabouts, but were fore’d to Be, dis retire from thence to Quito, (at the fame time that the Councellor Tejada, being {ent by Pizarro to the Emperor, cameto an Anchor there) where they were courte- oufly Entertain’d ; as alfo in St. Michael, where they got daily more and more Afi- ftants ; of which Pizarro being inform’d, .went thither with five hundred Men, and forcing the Vice-Roy to flye from thence, purfu’d him above thirty Leagues, & pur to, Hanging up all thofe whom he could take of his Party. After many Rencounters pr and Hardfhips fuffer’d by both Parties, ‘Pizarro exceedingly wearied, recurn’d £0 Quito, where he minded nothing but all manner of Debaucheries, not in the leaft regarding the Vice-Roy’s Defigns, which it concern’d him to have narrowly look’d into, for he having got five hundred Men on his fide, refolv’d to venture a Battel. It was towards Evening when the two Partieshad fight of one another: Pizarro having not onely more Men, but alfo better Exercis’d in Arms than the Vice-Roy, | | who AMERICA Chap. IV. who being fenfible thereof, went filently about Midnight from his Station along a narrow by-Path, fo to fall behind upon the Rere of the Enemy, who miftrufted nothing, by reafon the Vice-Roy’s Dogs kept a continual Barking in his old Sta- tion, andthe Peruvian Sentinels were heard calling to one another, and making creat Fires alt che Night long ; but becaufe the Way was over-grown, and:farther about than it was fuppos’d, the Vice-Roy finding the Night too far {pent, went back to Quito, out of which he Sallied as foon ashe had fight of Pixarro’s Forces . againft whom, being clad in a white Riding Coat, through the Slits of which ap- pear’da Cloth of Tiffue Doublet, he came Riding on a Bay Gelding in the Head of his Party, with which breaking in amongft the Enemies Ranks, he made a confider- able flaughter amongft them, till Hernand Tores coming near him, gave him a Blow the vie- Onthe Had witha Battel-Ax, that fell’d him to the Ground, which the Lawyer carat.” Carvayales {eeing, ran immediately, out of defire to revenge his Brother’s Death, whom the Vice-Roy had murder’d, and chopp’d off his Head. Thus Pizarro being abfolute Mafter of the Field, began to fhew his tyranny upon the Prifoners, fome he took away by Poyfon, others he Executed with the Sword and Halter, others Picarr’s he banifh’d tothe remote Countrey (bili, and {pent his time in all manner of Vice tyramy. in Quito; where, amongft other leud Aétions,making Love to another Man’s Wife, he hir’d one Vincent Paul to raurder her Husband, which faid Vincent was afterwards Hang’d at Valladolid in Spain. The Adulterefs alfo was afterwards Got with Child by her own Father, and both of them pucto death for Inceft and murdering of their Child. Pizarro being receiv’d as King in Los Reyos, grew every day more proud than other, infomuch that his Friends themfelves began to hate and envy him, and wanted onely aconvenient opportunity to rid themfelves of this high-minded Ty- rant. A ftrange Accident, among others, had done him great hurt, had it not been timely difcover’d, viz, Foan de la Torre, a Soldier formerly belonging to the Vice- Roy, found accidentally a Grave in the Valley*fiica (which by the Peruvians had’ been worfhipp’d above two Ages before) and in it fo much Offer’d Gold and Sil- ver as amounted to above eighty thoufand Crowns in Gold, befides many Emes rauldsand Turcoifes, all which Treafure he was puzled how to carry away and pole | fefs fecurely, partly fearing the Emperor’s Difpleafure, if he fhould arrive thus ee tich in Spain, the rather becaufe he had fided with Pizarro, and alfo knowing it | was impoflible to convey it on Ship-board without one or others. knowledge » ‘at laft, after many Contrivances, he judg’d it convenient to put the Money in a {mall Veffel, and Sail with the fame to Nicaragua, there to raifeMen to oppofe Pizarro in thofe Parts, that fo he might reegain the Emperor's Favor. This Undertaking feem’d to bethreatned by many Dangers, he not having a fufficient Spirit to Com- Vela Xunmee Mand, or at leaft Experience to officiate the Place of a Captain. In the mean time Powieeae Vela Nunnex, Brother tothe flain Vice-Roy, taken in the Battel at Quito, had fo eure cea Uh priviledge allow’d him from Pizarro, that he wenta Hunting, and other fuch connie: Exercifes, diftant from the Camp, who meeting with La Torre, took him in his arms, and embrac’d him with great joy, which fo wrought upon La ‘Torre, that he ' difcover’d the Secret of his difcover'd Treafure, took an Oath of him that he would be faithful co himi,and take Revenge of Pizarro for all the Injuries receiv'd from him, but before, according to their Agreement, they could fet Sail from thence, their Plot being difcover’d, both Nunnex and Torre were Executed, and their Riches fell into the Hands of Pizarro. . ae ee Whileft the Peruvian Affairs were in this confufion and diforder, Peter Gafca, im- Afsiss 1" Hower’d by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, arriving there, endeavor'd to fertle all "things in Peaceand Quiet, and fent by Peter Hernandes,befides the Emperor's pate’ ake another; 4 - _— “4 7 ~ - 4 “ i- +f ba sa... > - 2 - om x » - = = = - - -- a ~ 7 - — — —T — = — —- ~ ~ - - Me a ee ee ~ —— a _ - i = 2 by —? * = S = ~ —— e : - — = —_—— - - = ¥ ~ : ‘- - e a al —_ — ah 7 >.< — < = - — - _— ~ p= - * s — « = = » _ — - ——— was © atl Chap. Ve: - AMER OIC A. Reem | another which he writ hinifelf to Pizarro, the Contents of which were to this purpole : Ait 4-39 He Peruvian Soyl bath drunk up the Spanith Blood long enough, andthe ruin’d Realm Gafea’s Lee: ) gapes for Reft : The Emperor proffers Pardon for all paft Crimes, Repeals the new care, Laws which the Vice-Roy Vela, during his Government, enjoyn'd the Spaniards to obferve. If Pizarro aims at the general Welfare, be may eafily fee that Arms muft firft be laid afide, which he now depends on in vain, all bis Affociates being ready to forfake him, becaufeno Soldier can take up Arms againft the Emperor, without being guilty of bigh Treafon. Pizarro confounded with this Letter, call’d aCouncil of War, who differ'd very Pees De- much from one another in their Votes, fome judging that ic would be beft pri- * a vately to deftroy Gafca, others were for an open Engagement, but moft thought of another way, viz.to get his Perfon into their cuftody, and keep him under a {trong Guard on the Ifland Puna, under pretence that the Peruvian Princes were fent for to comeand acknowledge him as f{upream Governor, which becaufe the-Cities lay fo remote one from another, could not be done in lefs than two years. Mean while an Embaffy was to be fentto the Court at Madrid, which fhould enjoyn Gafca to remain in Panama, and. not offer to come to Pers till {uch time as the Emperor commanded the fame a fecond time at the return of the Agents. But Hieronimus His Pov. Loaifa, chief Bifhop of Los Reyos, Thomas Martin, Provincial of the Dominicans, Gomes oft Gales Solis, Pizarro’s Steward, Laurence Aldana, who were defign’d for this Embafly to the Emperor Charles, never went their Journey, but ftaid in Panama with Gafca, who had alfo gain’d.to his Party Peter Alphonfo Ainoiofa, who Commanded Pizarro’s Fleet: Aldana likewife inform’d him of all Pizarro’s private Councels; where- upon Gajca fent privately for Aid to Mexico, Guatimala, Nicaragua, and St.. Domingo, and difpatch’d four Ships with three hundred Men, Commanded by Aldana, from the Haven Panama, with Order to Land about Midnight againft the City Los Reyos, and fo fall unawares on Pizarro. Aldana accordingly falling into the Bay of Malas brige,was reliev'd and fupply’d with Provifions by Diego Mora,Governor of Truxillo : On the other fide, the Field-Marfhal (arvayales being {ent for by Pizarro, made 2 pompous Entrance, with the firing of Guns and Bonfires, into LosReyos, where all Perfons that feem’d to have the leaft inclination for Ga/ca, were either ftabb’d or poyfon’d. Inthe room of Mora, Pizarro fent the Lawyer Garcias Leon to be Go- vernor of Traxillo, buthe being taken by Aldana’s Fleet, joyn’d with Gafca ; and thus all things began to confpire the ruine of Pizarro, yet h¢.def{pair’d nor, but being inform’d of the approach of the Ships, caus’d the Drums to be beaten in Los Reyos, forc’d every one that was able to bear Arms, on pain of death to fervehim, made feyeral experienc’d Soldiers,Commanders over his Horfe and Foot, to whom he gave as mich Money asthey requir'd,to maintain thofe whom they had rais’d, and who were to be rais’d, by which means: he got athoufand Men in Arms ; to which © number, according to an Order fent to Cufco, Plata, Arequipa, Lima, Guanuco, and other neighboring Places, new Forces were expected to joyn ; but Savedra, Gover- nor of Guanuco, deferting the City, left Pizarro and joyn’d with Mora, who fecur’d the Province of Caxamalca for Gafca. Thus Pizarro began to be daily more and more forfaken, Sincethe deftruction of the Vice-Roy Vela, Captain Diego (enteni had hid himfelf out of fear of Pizarro a whole year, in a Cave under Ground, but now inform’d of Gafca’s Arrival, came forth, and getting forty Men and fome Horfes together, which alfobelong’d formerly to the Vice‘Roy, refolv’d, though meanly Arm’d, to goupon a bold Defign; viz. to take the City Cufco ; of which Antonio Cufco taken ° by Centene, Los Reyos de+ clzres for the Emperor. AMERICA. Chap. IV, ‘Antonio de Robles, a Man hated and defpis’d for his mean Extraé& and little Wir, had the chief Command, there being therein a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers, befides the Citizens, who were likewife in Arms : Being inform’d of Centeno’s ap- proach, hefent out Franci{co Aguierre as a Spyeto difcover the Enemy; but he joyning with Centeno, advis’d him to match along a By-way, and towards Night to draw up about Cufco, which accordingly he did, and forcing open the Gates, rufh’d in with his Horfe againft the Enemy, who were drawn up in the Market-place, and break. ing through their Ranks trampled whole Companies under foot;after which he fell in upon Robles, who having forgotten to give his Men the Word, caus'd a great di- ftraétion ; for the Men blinded. by the darknefsof the Night, knew not Friend from Foe, infomuch that Robles’s Party did oneanother more mifchief than Centeno did ; . who being thus become Mafter of the City, caus’d Robles to be Beheaded the next day, and diftributed a hundred thoufand Ducats amongft his Soldiers, and then march’d with a hundred Men to the City Plata, to bring Mendoza, Governor of the fame, under the Emperor’s fubjeétion ; in which his Defign helikewife prov’d fuc- ce(sful, being fupply’d with a hundred and thirty Foot, which Lucas Martin, had fetch’d from Arequipa for the Service of Pizarro, whom fince he had deferted and joyn’d with Gafca’s Party. Mean while the Fleet under the Command of Aldana. arriv’d in the: Haven before Los Reyos, to the greatterror and amazement of. the whole City ; from whence Pizarro marching, Encamp’d himfelf with five hun- dred and fifty Men, foto prevent their Landing, {wearing that he would fpare none whoe’re fell into his Hands, and fent Order to Peter Martin, whom he had left in the City, immediately to Hang up thofe which would not follow the Army, or who return’d from thence home ; to which:purpofe Martin went from place to place with an Executioner, and thinking him not quick enough in his Work, ftabb’d many Citizens himfelf: And ftri& Order was given by Pizarro, that all Run- aways fhould be punifh’d with Death ; notwithftanding all which many of his neareft Friends daily forfook him, taking advantage of the darknefs of the Night ; nay, the Soldiers themfelves would at Noon-day ride away from him, crying aloud, Long live the Emperor, and let the» Tyrant Pizarro die : Wherefore he judg’d ic moft convenient to remove to the Countrey Na/ca: During his Journey’ thither, whole Troops left him, infomuch that he fcarce kept a hundred and fifty Men, and thofe he fear’d every Minute would fallupon himand Murderhim. With Pizarro’s departure, the whole Scene of Affairs was chang’d in Los Reyos ; for there the Imperial Standard was ereéted, the City Cryer read the Letters. of Pardon which Gafca had brought with him from Spain in the corner of every Street, Juan Palimino Landing with fifty Men, receiy’d all thofe that had deferted Pizarro, whileft Gafca fet Sail from Panama with five hundred Men, with whom Landing at Truxillo, he Encamp’d himfelf in the Valley. Xauxa, whither great multitudes flock’d from all places out of malice to Pizarro, who in a fhort time had deftroy‘d above five hundred Gentlemen. But Pizarro having quitted Los Reyos, he poflels’d the City Arequipa, which he found quite defolate, but meeting afterwards with the Forces Commanded by Juan Acofta, of which one half were alfo run away, joyn’d “with them, and march’d againft Centeno, wholay along the Lake Titicaca, with whom, he Engag’d in the Plain Guarina: Ludovico Ribera Landing, Centeno’s Party fir'd their Guns before the Pizarrians were within fhot of him,of which Caryayales making fpeedy ufe, drew up his Pieces clofe before the Enemy, and made an exceeding flaughter amongft them, killing above a hundred and fifty Men in the firft Onfet ; the Horfe amaz’d at the fudden deftruction of the Foot, fled, leaving the remain- ing Foot-Soldiers open to the Enemy, who was gotten behind them with his Mul- : ie, quetteers, f : quetteers, and with his Horfe before, whileft fix Peruvians carried away Centeno out of the Fight, he lying fick on a Chair. Pizarro thus become Victor, kill’d all he met with; of which Ga/cabeing inform’d, refolving upon a private and fudden Revenge,caus’d all Neceflaries for War to be made ready, and march’d with a thou- fand and nine hundred Men out of the Valley of Xauxa to Cufco, where by the Way he was fupply’d with the Forces, which the experienc’d Colonel Peter Valdivia had brought from Chili; with which coming to Andagna, he took up his Quarters there for fometime, becaufe the mild Winter had with continual Rains made the Ways fo dirty, that there wasno travelling, and had rotted their Tents agd-Maiz, and al- fo occafion’d the Bloody-flux amongft the Soldiers. In March, Ga/ca broke up with his Camp to crofs the River Apurima, which he found very troublefom, becaufe Pi: zarro had broke down all the Bridges: But Ga/ca caus’d Wood and other. Materi- als to be carried to feveral places,that the Enemy fhould not certainly know his In- tentions, and at laft march’d over deep {nowy Mountains to (otabamba, where fud- denly he madea Bridge, over which march’d four hundred Foot, but the Horfe fuf- fer’d moft damage ; for fixty Horfes loaden with Arms going to wade over, were carried down by the Stream againft fharp Rocks, by which they were defperately gor’din their fides, and many of them kill’d outright. Pizarro inform’d of the Enemies whole Proceedings by his Spyes, fent Acofta thither with two hundred Mufquetteers, to fall upon thofe that were come over, whom he finding too many, durft not venture to Engage with them. Mean while Ga/ca’s whole Army getting over on the other fide of the River Apurima, march’d up a high Hill, whileft Pizar- ro Encamp’'d himfelf five Leagues from Gufco, ina Plain call’d) Saguifagrana, the Entrance into his Camp being fortifi’d with fix Field-Pieces , each fide by a Ris ver andfeveral Mountains, and the Rere by adeep dry Moat: Gafca ftood upon a Hill and view’d the Enemy’s whole Forces lying in the Valley, and being op- prefs’'d with exceffive Heat, whileft his Men were fo exceedingly pinch’d with Cold in the Night, that they were fcarce able to hold their Arms, according to the ftrange propertyof the Peruvian Climate ; for the tops of Hills generally Freeze, whileft the Valleys about a League from thence are parch’d with Heat: At Break-of-day Gafca defcended the Hill; his Horfe being divided into two Wings, were Com- manded, the left by Juan Savedra, and the right by Balthazar (a/tro; Mendoza led fome Dragoons, Valdivia guarded the Guns, and Ga/ca himfelf march’d in the Front of the Mufquetteers. On the other fide; Pizarro plac’d the Peruvians on his right Wing, (epeda'and Aéofta Commanded the Horfe, Carvayales and La Torre the Foot, Sebaftian Vergaratind Peter Soria guarded the Field-Pieces: But the Bactel was fcarce begun, : ae when (epedo' and a great part of the Horfe deferting Pizarro went to joyn with Gafca, and immediately after the right Wing of the Mufquetteers; at the fame time Centeno and Mendoza fit'd amongft Pigarro’s main Body, of which fome ran as picarre ut: Way to Cufco, others with their Colours to Gafca’s Army. | Pizarro feeing himfelf ii, same thus forfaken, cry’d out, Sice all are fled to the Imperial Standard, I will alfo betake my felf Pe cad thither, where perhaps I may find Merty: Whereupon Acofta anfwer'd, Let us rather fall °°" im among/t- the thickeft of the Enemy, and die valiantly: Towhich Pizarro reply’d, No, now I bave loft Honor and Goods, I-muft take care for my Soul, that.that may not be loft alfo ; which faid, he lighted from his Horfe, Caparifon’d in Silver, and deliver’d himfelf and his Sword into the Hands of the Serjeant Villevicenzo, who found him Habited in curious Atmor,a Golden Helmet with a ftately Plume of Feathers, anda Corflet incircl’d with Emeraulds about his Neck : Gajfca feeing him brought before him in this manner, faid thus unto him, Have you not order’d your Bufine/? well, to wafte fomuch of the Emperor’ s Treafure, and fhed fo much Blood, and all toconfirm your elf in your unlawful 7 Go ia U/urpation 4-39 AMERICA, Chap. IV. Ufurpation of Peru 2 'To-which Pizarro anfwer'd, faying, I have {pent my own Eftate in the Service of the Spanith Crown,and might lawfully take upon me the Government of Peru, having with the lof of my Brother's Life, and the hazard of my own, difcover’d the fame. (arvayales e{caping out of the Fight, had hid himfelf in a Thicket of Canes, but being difcover’d by his own People, was by them brought before Gafca, who the Cervantes next day after the Battel caus’d him to be Quarter’d alive, and Pizarro’s Head to and Pizarro je to be cut offin Prifon ; the other Prifoners were moft of them kill’d in cold Blood. Gif a, Gafca thus become abfolute Mafter of Peru, found an incredible Treafure left by Pizarro, of whigh he gave to every common Soldier above fix thoufand Ducats , and with this his vidtorious Army march’d to Cufco, where he employ’d his Execu- tioners afrefh, in Hanging, Drawing, andthe like; fome that were ftigmatiz’d and condemn’d to the Galleys, accounted themfelves happy that they had efcap’d fo. Gafca, though Victor, -perceiv’d no fmall Troubles to threaten him, having twenty five hundred Men in Arms, of which every one for their faithful Service judg’d that they deferv’d fome Office or other, there being then above a hundred and fifty to difpofe of, Pizarro having Executed the chiefeft Officers, and thofe that bore any Command under him being either fled or kill'd in the laft Fight : but the fmall aumber of Officers that were wanting, wasnot to be compar’d to all thofe that ‘gap’d for Commiffions. ‘The Revenues, which yearly amounted to cleven hundred thoufand Ducats, went moft of it away amongft the Officers, the common Soldiers getting onely a {mall Snip out of it ; wherefore many began to murmur, and were upon the point of Mutinying, if Cianca, the Judge of criminal Caufes, taking the chief of them, had not punifh’d them in fuch a manner, that all the reft being terrifi'd, gave over their Complaints. After Gafca had {pent above nine hundred thoufand Ducats inthe War againft Pizarro; all which Money he took up upon Intereft, which, after having fetled the Kingdom in Quietnefs, he paid for the moft part with the Goods taken fromthe Rebels. Next he made a Law concerning the Peruvians paying of Tribute, which before the Spaniards forc’d from them whenfoe’re and howfoe’re they pleas’d, with the greateft Tortures imagi- nable. | trail West, an cone, Gafca having again ereéted in Los Reyos the high Court of Judicature, in which Roy fat the Imperial Judges, return’d home with an unvaluable Mafs of Treafure for Charles the Fifth and left the Peruvian Government to the Judge (ianca ; fince which time Pern hath been Govern’d by Vice-Roys, the firft whereof, who fucceeded Ci- -anca, was Antonio Mendoza, and after him fucceflively Andreas Furtado Mendoza, Diego Valafco, Lopex Garcias de Caftro, Francifco de Toledo, Martin Enriques, GarciasMendoxa, Ludovico Velafco, and Juan Pacheco, under whom the Peruvian Kingdom hath enjoy'd Peace and Quiet, to the confiderable enriching of the Spanifh Inhabitants. Thus much of the antient Tranfaétions in Pers, it will now be requifite to give you a brief Account of the feveral Provinces in this mighty Kingdom. | Divifion of The Countrey is generally divided into three Juridicial Reforts, as they call them, or Courts of Appeal, which are Quito, Lima, and Charcas ; but the particular Pro- vinces, as they are commonly obferv’d by Geographers, are faid to be fix, viz. 1. Quito. 2. Los Quixos. 3. Lima. 4.Cufco. 5.Charcas. and 6. Colao, 3 Spor! Hh. Quito. He firft Province of Peru towards the North is Quito, or the new Kingdom Situation and | of Granada, with which on that fide it is bounded, having on the Weft, of oute Mare del Zur; on the South, Lima, and on the Eat, Los Quixos. It lieth in a manner right: under the Line, and is faid to be feventy two Leagues in length, _and in fome places about twenty five in breadth. The Winter begins here in Oéfober,, and continues till Marcb, in which fall mighty Showers, and on the Mountains abundance of Snow, but all the Summer long the Sun is feldom datkned witha Cloud. Many of the Inhabitants die of a Giddinefs in the Head about the beginning and end of Summer. The PO X alfo deftroys many of the Natives; with which Difeafe they are often born, and give it to the Spaniards, who are not able to abftain from the Indian Women ; they ufe ae rillaand the Wood Guaiacumto cure themfelves with. - Here grow alfo many poyfonous Herbs, which the Peruvians make ule of to poyfon one another. In the fartheft parts of. Quito grows the falt and cooling Fruit Quaba, two Hand- Th: Fruit fuls long, cover’d with a grey es and within full of white Pulp. and fae Kernels. The Tree Guaiaba hath a pale Rinne Bark, thick Boughis hard and glittering 5,7; Leaves, Flowers confifting of five Leaves, not unlike a Peacock’s Plume, long Ap- ples, woolly without, and within full of a pale red Pulp and eatable Stones ; the Root, which fpreads it (elf very much, is fweet; and when boyl’d cures the Bloody. flux. This Tree grows in moft places, efpecially in low Grounds, the more be- caufe the Kernels which the Birds picking out let fall on the Ground, {pring up in new Trees. , The Spanifh Fruits, as. as Peaches, Cittrons, Figs, Pomegranates, Pears, Quinces, and Oranges, grow shit here in great aden, but when ripe are fubjea tO rote Moreover; the Fields abound with Wheat, Barley, and Matz; the Paftures af- ford plenty of Grafs for Oxen, Horfes and Sheep, which bring forth Lambs twice in fourteen Moneths. . -. The Ocean and Rivers ftore of Fifh ; i Stream Barbara us'd formerly to pro» duce Gold alfo, In moift Grounds the Inhabitants find abundance of Salt-petre, the beft that is for the making of Gun-powder. For the Accommodation of Travellers, Inns call’d Tambos, are built near the The tn High-ways, exactly five Leagues diftant one from another, where all forts of Pro- Vifions are fold at a fet Price. The Natives antiently went Cloth’d in a Frock without Sleeves, as wide on the i antec top.as at the bottom, and pleited their long Hair. They are ftrong, well proporti- pk. on’d in Body, and fubrile enough to.learn any Art, but treacherous, inconftant,and inclin’d to Drunkennels : They were very hard alfo to be brought to receive the Roman Religion, fo that moft of them would not fuffer themfelves to be Baptiz’d till they layadying : They alfo drove a great Trade in Cotton, Wooll, and Cloth. Between Paflo and Quito are feveral Villages, and the famous High- way, bythe Ingas cut through the Wilderneffes and Mountains, the Wall of an old Caftle, and the wonderful Stone-Bridge Lumichaca, which Nature hath made over the ‘fit Tit “River - ie) ai River Guaca; it confifts of a hard Cliff, at he Foot theses is a great Arch, ) through which the Water runs with exceeding force. This Traé& of Land produces Maiz, and abundance of Mortuanos, a Fruit refem- bling Damask Prunes, which eaten in excefs caufe Drunkennefs and Faintnefs. The Lake Yaguarcocha, fignifying Bloody-Water, becaufe the Inga Cnayanatava kill’d and drown’d twenty thoufand there. tows and The chief Towns and Placesof Note are, 1, Caranguez, antiently a Royal City, chief note where ftood a fumptuous and ftately Palace of the Kings of Peru, now almoft de- ferted.. The Palace, built of Stone ina little Plain, without either Mortar or Iron- work; manifefts its former glory by its Ruines. 2. The Royal Caftle of Atabalo, or Ottavallis, in the building of which the Ingas fpar’d no Coft not Charges ; and indeed it'is a Structure no way inferior to any of the antient Roman Edifices. Between this Caftle and Cochequi, a ftately Houfe, lies a cold fnowy Mountain. Moreover, the Spaniards have feveral Habitations along the Way to Quito, and efpecially in the Valley Annaquito, where the ar sce Rey Vela loft the Battel fought againft Gon/falvo Pizarro. 3. Quito, commonly call’d St. Francifco de Quito. There ftood formerly here cere tain Palaces, buile by the Ingas,but the City was re-built by the Spaniards at the Foot of a certain Ridge of Mountains, which it hath on the North and North-Wekt fide of it, and are {aid by Laet, to crofsthe whole Countrey of Peru quite over from the South to the North Sea: It was foon after the Building inhabited by five hundred Families of Spaniards at leaft, befides Natives, and well fortifi’d, and might be | thought a Townvery well feated in all refpects, but-for the neightsaeliood of a Vulcan, which at times annoyeth it very much, as namely in the Year 1560. when it vomited out fuch abundance of flaming Cinders and other fulphureous Matter, that had it not been for a Shower of Rain unexpectedly falling, would have much damnifi'd, if not deftroy’d the Place. The Natives about Quito are more Moraliz’d than other Peruvians. The Valleys which are warm’d by the Sun produce all man: ner of Fruit-Trees and large Vineyards ; and the Root Papas, not unlike Apples. | The i ih h4 = >” pd = “a Chap. 1V. - a MER ITA. The Quitlawhich is.of a Mansheighsh, hath lictle Seeds,of whieh a pleafant Liguor is boyl’d.. Fram Quito the ‘High-way leads to Cufcos. along which: avvévery four Leagues diftance ftandsa brave Palace: and from Cufco- to Chili, being iff all above a thoufand Leagues long: The City, buile ona: fandy Soyl, is d ividedt ii the mids dle by a Moat} over which lead feveral Bridges : the Streets ate latge ge apeistighe, and full of handfom Houfes, and atthe ends of the four yaaa serail “ Market. places. Befides the Cathedral,aretwo other Church Dedicared tot baftian and: Blafinss ‘The Cloyftersof the. rancifcans afd Dowinicans area @iacinal Ornament to the ‘City. Befides other ftately Strang es,are the Refidences of the Re- ceiversiof the. ings Revenues, to wihiniehe Peruvians’ that liveiabotie the City, be- ing computed no lefs. than fifty. *thoufand: in number; “pay Tribute, and to keep chem io oo. a aay is chi wha ftor'd wich altenatnet oF A Ammu- 443 be: Sen nie for a Royal Fils ‘built there im oe of chi bia It lies Southward from Quite in the Province lor Canares, where two Rivers come mixtheir Waters, near a Plain abounding with Venifon. There yet remain confi- derable Ruines of this Palace, in which one may difcern the vaft Dimenfions of di- vers Rooms, in fome of which Arms were kept, and in others Provifions and Clothes ; of which kind of Buildings or Magazines the Ingas had erected abovea thoufand in Peru, efpecially along the High-way, that they might have their Am- munition ready in all places ifneed fhould require. On the left fide of Thomebamba appear'd the famous Temple of the Sun, whofe Gates were not onely curioufly Painted, but alfo Inlay’d with Emeraulds. Both the Palace and Temple, adorn’d with Gold and coftly Images of great Touch-ftone and Jafper, contain’d within their Walls an unvaluable Treafure. Thefe magnificent Structures are at this day fall’n quite to decay. The People of this Countrey, who wear long Hair, pleited on the top of their Heads like a Cotonet, go Cloth’d in Cotton Coats and Buskins of Hair-cloth. The Women,indifferent fair,and great admirers of the Spaniards, Plough, Sowe, and gather in the Harveft, whileft the Men ftay at home, Spinning, Weaving, and doing of other Female-Offices. Anno 1544. they difcover’d Mines here, which produc’d as much Gold as Earth. 5. Tacunga, where was formerly another ftately Palace, about fifteen Leagues from Cufco, not far fromthe Mountain which fome years fince vomited Afhes and Stofies into the adjacent Fields. Hereabouts was formerly a Cloyfter, inhabited by the Nuns call’d Namaconas, the Ruines whereof are yet to be feen, with feveral Houfes of Stone, but cover’d with Thatch. The Natives in this Place are of a brown Gainplexion, and of a very affable Nature. 5s Mulambato ; 7. Mocha ; 8. Rhiobamba, three {mall Villages, but each of them credited with a fately Palace. Oppofite to Rhiobamba lies the Province Chumbo, from which a troublefom Way leads to Guaynacapa over the River Chonge. | 9. St. Jago de Puerto Viejo, giving Denomination tothe Territory about it, which produces abundance of Potatoe Roots, Maiz, Fuca, three forts of Guayavas, Cerezillas, and the Tree Tunas, which bears wild Figs. The Spanifh Fruits grow here likewife in great plenty. The fore-mention’d Beafts like Hogs, whore Navels grow on their Backs, are alfo very common here. The Woods calbdisha with ede and all forts of Fowls, amongft which one refembling a Goofe, and call’d Xuta ; and vais | Tt 2 ther 444. AMERICA. Chap. IV. ther nam’d Maca, fomewhat leffler than aCock and which feeding about the Houfe, Ps socom d capone the P eas ents of thi is Countre trey. The ea along the Coah out , " eo ee mie Sez fons cau @ Agues. The — y trout vit sand Sores in their Nofes, oa eb them living long,“ by reafon ee Moilture, for athe Rain conti- nues jai Moaethe rope os 5 ee I i: ‘Mant, ae oe the: oe Eire Pe. Eqcesstic om their Ears t to their ins of, 30 bond. d ie red Co- pa MW ith g at fn itt own irom wit ea 4% "ina in thehollow Tree found-plenty of ie oI { fore ‘menti n’d River, , being « ; bee i ih in ban the Morbus éfort of People from all places ; wi o likewile. i the ~< are Fhe oa | The Bris doe ow ch nga Ghaynacavs 3 ae ac alfo very remarkable, t nt Ae ying, it was] ee inifl vd. The Game cas Were Cortearore amie? ie Jurifdigion of dis City. Guayaguile 12. Cajtro, fo call’d from a ftrong Fort built there by a Spanifh Captain, and fitu- ate inthe Valley ili, not far from Guayaquil. 13. The City Loxa, built in the Countrey of the Paltas, a People that went na- ked, between two Arms of the River Catamayo under a wholfom Climate, near the High-way that leads to Cufco in the Valley Curibamba, where no poyfonous Beaft was ever found. The Soil bears abundance of Oaks, Hazles, Ath, Willow, and Cedars Trees; Maiz, Barley, and Wheat. Not far Fein the City fprings a hot and fulphurous Chisteilal which cures all forts of Sores and Wounds. : The Countrey hereabouts is likewife ftor’d with Fowls, Venifon, Cattel, and Fifh. Moreover, the City receives no {mall luftre from twoDomimican, and one Francifcan Cloyfter: Eaftward from which lie defolate Mountains, whofe tops are continually cover'd with Snow. Not far from hence were formerly two noble Palaces, Piedras and Tamboblanco, befides feveral Villages. 14. Cuenca, wherein are alfo large Sttuétures for the Monks and Priefts: The Countrey about the fame hath rich Mines of Gold, Silver, Quickfilver, Copper, Iron, and Sulphur. | 15. Zamora, Eaftward from the cold Mountains Andes, built in a Marfhy Soy], where the Inhabitants are never vifited with Peftilential Diftempers, and ufe no other Phyfick for fuch Sickneffes as they are troubled with, than Tobacco, and the Herb Agquacolla. But there is a certain Nut that orows hereabouts, which occafions fudden death, if eaten raw, but being boyl’d, is a wholfom Food. The Mines af- ford great pieces of Gold, of which one weiging eighteen Pound, was prefented to Philip the Second, King of Spain. The briny Springs produce good Salt. Three Rivers -falling Footy the Mountains, are noted for their Golden Sands, and alfo afford delicious Fifh. The Bees being here void of Stings, furnifh the Inhabitants with plenty of Honey. The Tygers and little Lyons devour many of the Sheep Pacos, Goats, Hogs, and other Cattel, and fometimes the Natives themfelves.. The City it felf is neatly built with Woodden and Stone Houfes, and adorn’d with a Church and Dominican Cloyfter,befides a ftately RAMAN the Refidence for the King’s Receiver. 445 a ie a ri "Receiver. The Natives about this Place are a ftupid and barbarous People, which before the Spaniards coming thither,would fora {mall trifle kill one another. 16. The City Yaen, fituate in the Gountrey Chuiquimayo ; it is fo call’d from a fwift River, crofs which the Peruvian Women and Children {wim, to the great amazement of the Spaniards. They paint their Bodies black with the Juice of the Root Yaguas, and feed for the moft part on the ftamp’d Plant Yaca. On the other fide of the Mountain; which rifes on the Banks of (buquimayo, lies the Countrey Pe- rico, fruitful and well inhabited, againft which juts the Golden Countrey Cherinos. Peru hath alfo feveral delightful Valleys, amongft which on the North the chiefeft are the Tumbex, Solana, Poechos, and Piura, all-of them very fertile, full of ftately Buildings, and water'd by feveral Rivers. iti 17. San Miguel, the firft City that was built by the Spaniards in Pern, fituate ina fandy and dry Soy], being extraordinary dufty in Summer, and very flabby in the Winter, becaufe the hard Ground cannot foak up the Rain. The Ingas made a Way through this Valley fifteen Foot broad, between two Walls, and Planted Trees on each fide. | 48. Weftward from Miguel appears Payta, near a convenient Haven in the South- Sea, which uno 1547. was burnt by Thomas Candifh =, fince which it had been re- built ewenty eight years, when Joris Spilbergen, after a hard Engagement with the jrre";. Spanifh Admital Rodrigo Mendoza, arriving in the large Haven before Payta, fent eight ™ a Sail with three hundred Armed Men up to the City, where finding the Enemy Encamp’d along the Shore, he return’d without any effeét ; but tworof his Frigats, the Folus and the Morning-Star, running clofe to Payta, fir’'d whole Broadsfides at the fame, whileft, Captain De Wit took a Peruvian Fifher-man, who had been two Moneths out at Sea, and'taken abundance of Fifth. The Guns which the Ships fir’d upon the Town ftruck fuch a terror into.the Citizens, that they fled with Bag and Baggage into the Mountains, and left the-City for a Prize to. Spilbergen, who fetting fireon the fame, in few hours burnt dowmtwo-Churches, a Dominican Cloy- fter, and feveral Alms-houfes : But had not the Citizens been cowardly, they might Tt3 eafily 446 AMERICA. ce _Chap. 1V. eafily have kept off the Hollanders , for the Vice-Roy Ludovico Velafco-inform’d of Spilbergen’s Arrival, had ftor’d the Place with Ammunition and Men, whofe Cou. rage failing, prov’d fuccefsful for the Hollanders, who whileft they Rid here at an Anchor, took a very ftrange Bird on the Ifland Lobos, lying before Payta, being two Yards high and three thick, in its Bill, Wings, and Claws refembling an Eagle, and having a large Creft on its Head. Not long after Donna Paula being Governefs of Payta, a Lady famous in Peru for her Beauty and obliging Nature, fent Cabbages, Oranges, Cittrons, and other Provifions to the Hollanders, and requefted the Re- leafement of fome of the Spaniards taken in the Engagement againft Mendoza, but could not obtain her Requeft from the uncourtly Dutchmen. Sec i IL Los Quixos. Defeat T* Province of Los Quixos lieth South, and to the SouthsEaft of Quito, being _ ' border’d more directly Eaftward with a part of the Province of Guiana, call’d by fome El Dorada, or The Golden Countrey ; onthe South it hath Lima and Cujco. ii, ee . This Province is fubdivided into feveral leffer Territories, wiz, Canela, Pacomores)- and St. Juan de Salinas. Canela is fo call’d, becaufe it hath many great Woods, which produce the Fruit Canela in great abundance, the Owriers whereof were moft inhumanely dealt with by the Spaniards, for Gonfalvo Pizarro {uppofing to get ftore of Gold there, found nothing but Trees, bearing a Fruit like Olives, by the Na- tives call’d Canela, with which they us‘d to drive a great Trade, being otherwife poor and fimple;People; living in Huts, which Pizarro pulling down, caus’d the Inhabitants to be torn in pieces by his Dogs, becaufe they could not furnifh him with Gold, nor dire& him where itwastobehads 9 The Grane- Befides the (anela~Tree, this Countrey alfo produceth in gftat plenty the Tree dilla-A pple. which beareth the Apples Granadilla, exceeding good again burning Feavers, the Leaves are like Ivy, the Bloffom refembling the Sun, and the long Leaves f{peckled with Redand White, open three hours after Sun-rifing, and clofe again before the Evening, juft as if Nature took care to preferve the beauty of the Flower. Phot Inthis part of the Province the chief are, 1. Baeza, otherwife call’d Quixos, built ones inthe Year 1559. by Ramires de Avila, eighteen Leagues from Cufco. | 2 Archidona, twenty Leagues to the South-Eaft of Baeza. 3. Avila. 4. Sevilla del Oro, all of them Spanifh Colonies. R105 9) 9G | The Territories Pacomores and Yeuanfongo, otherwife call’d The (ountrey of Fuan de Salinas, are {aid both to extend above a hundred Leagues in length, and little lefs in breadth. The Fields afford ftore of Pafture for Cattel , the Plough’d Lands produce Wheat and all forts of wholfom Herbs ; and in fome: places are alfo rich Gold- Mines. ! | The Governor Layola built four’ Towns here, viz, 1. Valladolid ; 2. Loyola ; 3. San Jago de tos Montanas, and 4. Cardma. | | | The Jefuit Acia relates, :'That not far from Caraa he found great Stones, fome of which were full of Golden Veins, but were hard to be cut from the Rock. Moft of the Gold is found in the Sand of feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof ow through Quito, New Granada, Valdivia in (bili, and Caravaya in Peru. i : On the Point of Quito, the River San Jago falls into the Southern Ocean ; the Ground in the Mouth of the River being very uneven, for oftentimes the Ships.are faft Chap, lV. AMERICA. | | 447 faftaground at the Stern, and on Head they have above eighty Fatliom Water ; yet . neverchelefs the Shoals are no ways dangerous. | South-Weft from St. Jago lies the {pacious Inlet Mattheo, and the Promontory Francifce, known by its Banks atid high Grounds, which fhew red and white ata great diftance. | . Not far from hence, exaétly under the Equinox, appears Cape Paffao, flat and low; between which and Mattheo, the great Rivers Los Quiximes fall into the Sea. Behind Pajfao rifes the high Mountain Quaque ; and more Wefterly the Bay Cara- ques affords a fecure Harbor for all manner of Veffels. Next you come to the Town Puerto Viejo before mention’d, lying behind the Ifland Laurenfo. Five Leagues off at Sea, before Laurenoz, lies the Ifland Plata, formerly famous for a Peruvian Temple, in which the Natives Sacrifis’d Sheep, and fometimes Chil- dren, and painted the Figures of divers Perfons with the Blood ; to which they alfo Offer’d Jewels, Gold, Silver, Wooll, Cotton Shirts, and Cloaks. Franci/co Pizarro arriving here, got an invaluable Mafs of Treafure , but at prefent it ly- ing defolate, affords nothing but Brambles and wild Trees. The next which come in view arethe Havens Callo and Zalango, where there are fafe Harbors, good Wood and Water. ) : The Cape of St. Helena makes alfoa fecure Road on the North, and on its Shore hath a Spring, on the top of whofe Waters fwims a certain Gum, by the Natives call’d Copey, exceeding good to make Ships tight. -The River Tumbex falls into a large Bay, which on its North-Eaft Point near the Main Lard, hath the Ifland Puna, ten Leaguesin circumference : The Soyl where- of produces abundance of Maiz, Fuca, and other good Roots, befides great Woods full of fruitful Trees, and Sarfapgrilla. The Inhabitants of a brown Complexion, and middle Stature, wear Cotton Cloaks, and Chains of Chaquira and Precious Stones: They drive a great Trade, and formerly maintain’d Wars with the Peo- ple inhabiting upon the River Tumbez; their great want’ is frefh Water in the Summer. Thomas (andifh Landing here Anno 1587. found a Ship hal’d afhore, and three Villages, in one of which ftood a Palace belonging to a Cafique, furrounded with Stone Galleries ; and near it a large Store-houfe full of Tar-pots and Hemp to mike Cables of : The Village confifted of two hundred Houfes, and a fair Church with a Steeple, in which hung feveral Bells. The Cafique Married to a Spas nifh Woman being fled with the Villagers, Candifh took many Oxen, fat Sheep, Pi- geons and Ducks, the Bells; and what elfe was not convey’d aboard,with him, and afterwards burnt the whoke Town ; but whileft he was bufie in making havock, a thoufand Spaniards, and a confiderable number of Peruvians fell upon the Englifh on fuch a fadden, that they kill’d fome, and took others Prifoners. Somewhat farther off at Sea appears the Ifle Clara, where thole of Puna formerly buried their Dead. | , et The Inlet into which fallsthe River Tumbez, whofe Shoresare well itihabited, ends Weftward at the Promontory Blanco ; Southward from which lies the Ifle Lo- bos, where there are feveral Springs full of the fame Gum, or Bitumen, a little above mention’d. Beyond the Point 4gua lie the two Ifles Lobos Marinos, oppolite to a low Coaft ; they are defolate, and barren of Grafs, Trees, and all kind of Herbs; and deftituce of frefh Water, but many Pelicans, Penguins, and other ftrange Birds: The difcovering of thefe Coafts belonging to the Jurifdicion of Quito, deferves a fhort Relation : ou Cee oy eae sake Whileft 4.48 AMERICA Chap. IV. seeal-ezer . Whileft Pizarro kept the Inga’ 4teabaliba Prifoner, he fent Captain Bevalcazar to Raminosus, the new Fort St. Miguel, where eighty Horfe and a hundred Foot being arriv’d from mee" Panama and Nicaragua, and he being inform’d that there lay.a great Treafure in Quito, and that the Canares, the Spaniards Friends, were exceedingly opprefs’d by Ru. minagua, Attabaliba’s General, immediately march’d thither with the new arriv’d Forces before mention’d, to fetch the Booty, and co aflift the Canares. but feveral things oppos’d him in his Defign : for Ruminagua guarded the Way with twelve hundred Indians, digg’d Pits in the fame, and filling them with fharp Poles, cover’d them flightly over with Canes and Earth ; all. which Bepeleazar fhunning, went about, fell in upon the Rere of the Enemy, and after a fall Refiftance conquer’d the City Quito. Mean while Ferdinand Cortefio {ent Petro Alvarado from New Spain, who taking Guatimala, receiv’d a Commiffion from the Spanifh Court, to fubdue the Northern parts of Peru. Soon after which Garcias FAiolgua being fent with two Ships to enquire concerning the State of Peru, brought News back, That Francifca Pizarro had gotten an unvaluable Treafure at Caxamalca ; which fo ftirr’d up Alas rado, that he Landed five hundred Men at Puerto Viejo, march’d in great want of Provifions over the Mountains Acabucos, and had he not accidentally found a Pond of {weet Water in a Thicket of Canes, both Men and Horfes had all perifh’d , at laft upon his approaching Quito, the@Governor thereof, being Bevalcazar, not endu- ting tofuffer an Equal, drew up all his Men in Battel array ; but fome Perfons in: rien he terceding betweep.them, they were foon reconcil’d, and Alvarado being bought ment with Out With a greatfum of Money,deferted Quito; where after Gonfalvo Pizarro,had res -— ptain’d a confiderable time he march’d Eaftward of the Province, which produces abundance of Cinamon ; whither he-was accompanied by two hundred Spaniards and four thouland Peruvians ; againft whom the Natives dwelling on the Borders of Los Quixos fought very valiantly, till Night *pprggching, when they all ran away ; after which refting a while, thereiarofe a mighty Tempeft of Thunder and Light- ning, accompanied with a dreadful Earthquake, which fwallow'd above five hun- dred Houfes, whole Woods and Fields, whileft an unknown River burft out of the Earth, and:overflow’d allthe Countrey, infomuch that Pizarro expected nothing his srmydri- by ga ff peedy Ruine, in regard no Provifions were to be found in all the Countrey : Swaighs at laft getting on the top of the neareft Mountain heloft many of his Men, who were frozen to death with exceflive Cold. From thence marching to the County Zumaque, he got plenty.of Provifionand Cinamon, which grows on great Trees in the Woods ; the Leaves thereof refemble the Laurel ; the Fruit grows in little Bere ries. ;,the Root and. Bark haye'a ftrong odoriferous fmell. Thence travelling to the Town Coca,he found a mighty Cataract of Water,falling fgom a Rock above fifteen hundred Ells high ; infomuch that the noife in calm Weather was heard fix Leagues off, Pizarro leaving his fick People in Zumaque, went onely with a. few Eaftward from Coca to the Plain Countrey Guema, full of Moorith Grounds, the Inhabitants whereof went naked : at laft he cameto the great River Maranon, which falls from the Mountains near Quito, and extends with feveral windings above eight hundred Leagues in length, and at the Mouth thereofis fifteen Leagues broad, which at that time overflowing all the-Countrey, he judg’d it convenient to build a Brigantine, making the Shoes of the dead Horfes ferve for Iron-work,his Mens Shirts for Sails, and.aGum, which was to be had there; for Tar, and having Lanch’d their Veffel, __ and pu all cheir Baggage and fick People into the fame, they Sail’d clofe along the Shore, on which Pizarro made his Way throughBramblesand Canés, or wentover in the Brigantine whenfoe’re he efpy’d a better Path on the other fide; -in. which manner they were gone two hundred Leagues down the River, with no other Food but Pi zarro and J Chap. IV: ASME E SD Gf. 4.49 but wild Fruit and Roots; when Captain Francifcus Orellana, was order’d to Sail away before with five Men, and feek out for Provifions, and at every Stream which fell crofseways out of the Countrey into the great River, he was toleave a Or, sis Mann’d Boat : but Orellana in few days drove down fo far with the {wift River; Re. "* that he faw no likelihood of getting up again in a whole yeat, neither could he find any Provifions, but fought daily with the Indians, who came ftoutly to Board him in little Boats : amongft whom he was inform’d alfo, that thereabouts liv’d the Amazon Women, that Warr’d continually againft their Neighbors, and at laft hecameinto the Northern Ocean. But Orellana Sailing to Spain, obtain’d a Com- miffion to be Governor of the Amazons Countrey, whither he fteer’d his Courfe with five hundred Men in three Ships; but Landing at the Canaries they all ran a» way fromhim, which fo incens’d Orellana, that he foon after dy’d with Grief. Mean while Pizarro inform’d by a Spaniard whom Orellana had put afhore, thatthe Brigantine was by the ftrong-Current carried into the Ocean, knew not what to do, his People fince their departure from Quito having travell’d above four hun- dred Leagues, had eaten moft of their Horfes:, Many dy’d by feeding on unwhol- fom Herbs; others fell down dead for Hunger, or tir’d out with toilfom Travel ; their Clothes, rotted by the Rain, hung upon them like Rags, their Shoes were worn out, theit Feet full of Blifters, their Bodies fadly mangled with Brambles:and Thorns, for no place afforded them a Boat. Pizarro leaving the River Maranon, The mifera- went another Way, no lefs troublefom for fteep Rocks and inacceffible Mountains. tionof Pisa The Valleys through which they went,began now to be ftrew’d with dead and fick RN Bodies, who were not able to follow the Army, which march’d very faft, every one judging to be fo much nearer his prefervation the farther he could get : Thole that fainted call’d continually on their Friends for help, bute the Horfes were grown too weakto carry them: Every one faw nothing but Death before his Eyes ; wherefore, though call’d by theirdeareft and moft intimate Friends that lay © a dying, they never look’d back, their compaflion towards others being turn’d into fear arid care of themfelves. The Forfaken implor’d their Saints, and befought Pi- zarro for aid, but finding their Complaints tobe in vain, and raging through de- {pair, they wifli’d all the reft the fame fuccefs, and the- like Friends, whenever they fhould be in the like Condition. Pizarro extreamly griev’d and troubled, that he had brought the People intothis Mifery, fent a few Horfemen before to Quito, to carry the fad Newsof his deplorable Condition, that they might immediately fend Provifions to him ; which he receiving when he was within fifty Leagues from the faid City Quito, diftributed amongft thofe that were left alive, who being alfo als moft ftarv’d, eat fo greedily, that feveral of them were chok’d ; the remainder were kept a confiderable time in Garrifon under the Command of Pizarro in Quito. Which City, built in a pleafant place, grew very populous in the Year 1544. there being feveral Gold-Mines found about the fame in thattime, But this lafted not long, for Quito fiding with the Vice-Roy Blafco Nunnex Vela againft Gonfalvo Pi- Quito very ‘zarvo, moft of the Citizens were deftroy’d by him, and their Houfes burnt to Afhes. by filing The like Deftruétion, and upon the fame occafion, befel the three Villages in the seit Gen. Province Bracomoros, difcover’d by Fuan Parzel and Captain Vergara, together with ee the Countrey (hichiapoios, where Alpbonfo Alvarado built the Town Levanto, fur- rounded with deep Caverns, through which, to the great ftrengthning of the City, flow feveral Rivers. ; Round about Puerto Viejo the Natives dwelt in Trees, whom the Spaniards had much ado to bring under their fubjection; for their Countrey being barren and mountainous, was not onely wanting in Provifions to feed an Army, but the Pern- vians AMERICA Chap. IV. vians alfo threw great Stones out of their Huts buile in Trees, and likewife Javelins and Pots full of boyling Water, with which they did much mifchief to their Ene. | mies that Storm’d them, who at laft covering themfelves with Boards, crt down the Trees, with which they falling were torn in pieces by the Spanifh Dogs. SecrT. lV. Lima. Defcription oF the: Pr | onthe North, Los Quixos ; and on the South, Charcas. The Countrey ex. a tendeth it felf in length upon the Coafts of the South Sea two hundred and fifty, fome fay,full three hundred Leagues in length, viz, from Cape del Aguia North- ward, on the Borders of Quito as fax as Arequipa towards the South, and runs Eafte ward to Brafile and Rio dela Palma. Vilas’: . Inthis Province are feveral very pleafant Valleys, the firft whkesnt’ is Motupe, to Valleys of this Provine which a fandy Way leads from St. Miguel de Valverde, between barren Wilds, from whence feveral Streams falling are immediately drunk up by the Sand ; wherefore all Travellers that go that way carry Water and Wine with them in Calabafhes for _ twenty Leagues together, which they Walk or Ride by Night, becaufe of the exe ceffive heat of the Sun. | In the Valley Motupe grow abundance of Trees, which receive nourifhment from a River that fprings up near the fame. Here is alfo much Cotton. Not far from hence are the Valleys Xayanca, formerly very populous and full of Palaces: The River which flows through the middle is led in Trenches amongft the neighboring Fields. The Valley Tuqneme is alfo very pleafant, and the decay’d Palaces, snlficieacly teftifie irs former {plendor. The next being Cinto, is no way inferior to Tugqueme ; and between both lie fandy Hills and barren Rocks, on which grow neither Trees nor Herbs, nor is any living Creature to be found upon them: the Way through which being a whale days Journey, cannot be travell’d without fure Guides. The Valley Coilique, water’d by a River of the fame Denomination, and very thick fet with Trees, was formerly very populous, but fince the Spanifh Wars it is become quite defolate ; for not onely a confiderable number of them were flain by the Spaniards, but alfo many deftroy’dthemfelves, Wives and Children; of which Peter Martyr, Councellor to the Emperor Charles the Fifth, fecsdown feveral terrible Examples, of which two were remarkable above the reft ; the firft was.after this Situation and F Ima, call’d alfo Los Reyos, hath on the Eaft, (ollao, and fome part of Cufco manner : Two teagical == The Spanifh Capcait Olandus Lying with the Daughter of an ladian Cafique, ques ftion’d when the grew big with Child, Whether fhe was withChild by him ? and that he might know the real truth by Torture, he caus’d her to be ty'd naked toa woodden Spit, and laid to roaft againft a Fire made of green Wood, fo that fhe died in a moft miferable manner ; upon which her Father ran ina rage with thirty of his Companions to Olandus’s Houfe, where he kill’d his. whole Family, and locking all the Doors about the Houfe, fer fire on the fame, into which when it wasat its greateft heighth, he and his Affociates leap’d into the middle thereof. The fecond Accident is alfo very terrible, viz. An Indian Maid being Got with: Child by a Spanifh Als- ee acquainted her Father and Mother with it, withal telling oo a Chap. IV. AMER_IC A. 451 telling them that fhe was ready to fuffer Death forher Offence ; and notwithftand- ing they freely pardoning, and perfwading her to the contrary, fhe eat raw Fuca, which when boyl’d is a wholfom Food, but if eaten raw,certain though languifhing Death ; which the perceiving, ranto the next River, where after haying wath’d her felf, fhe broke off froma large Tree a Bough of five Foot long, and making the end thereof very fharp, fell upon the fame, and fo kill’dher felf. Several other Ra- vith’d Maids taking example hereby, hang’d themfelves upon the Boughs of the fame Tree. noe sae . | But to proceed in our Defcription, next to Collique lies the Valley Zana, of the like bignefs, and famous for the City Miraflores. | 2 The next is Pafcayamo, which exceeds all the former in fruitfulnefs, and popu- loufnefs of Inhabitants, who before they were deftroy’d by the Ingas were much fear’d by their Neighbors.. This Valley alfo was adorn’d with feveral fair Tem> ples, which are now turn’dinto Cloyfters, Cartel, Hogs, and Goats breed here in very great numbers. The chief Trade of this Place confifts in Cotton and Linnen. \ Cee . The Valley Chacama, in which the Dominican Monks inhabit a brave Cloyfter, produces abundance of Sugar. | arate 3 Four Leagues farther lies the {pacious Valley Chimo, fo call’d from an old Pern- vian Heroe, which affords a pleafant Profpect, by reafon of the many Banquetting- houfes built there by the Ingas. No place in Pern isableto ftand in competition with this for plenty of Provifions, the Ocean and Rivers producing ftore of Fifh, the Countrey affording Cattel and all manner of Fruit. The Cotton which grows here is Shipp’d to the South Sea. “ Chanca is. Valley chiefly confiderable for the Town Arnedo, which is fituate therein, of which more hereafter. But the Valley Guanape, not far from Chanca, yields the beft Peruvian Liquor Chica, and hath a convenient Harbor for Ships. : The Plain Santa being overflow’d in the Winter, is all overgrown for want of Inhabitants, who were all deftroy’d by the Spaniards. ‘The Woods hereabouts {warm with a fort.of venomous Bug, which exceedingly torments the Traveller. Next follow in order the Valleys Guambaicv, very fruitful, and Guarney, abounds } a ing with Horfes, Hogs, and other Cartel. Joris Spilbergen Landing here Anno 1615. spilbrgen's found the Haven fecure againft all Winds, and between the Shore and the Village ie: Guarmey a Creek, and fomewhat farther a frefhsWater Pool ; on one fide of which ftood a decay’d Caftle built of {quare Stone, whereon the Hollanders fet the States Flag, and Garrifon’d the fame to fecure thofe that fetch’d Water out of the fores mention’d Pool. Inthe aforefaid Village ftood 2 Church with a {piry Steeple ; behind which rofe high Mountains, and at the Foot thereof a great Wood, into which the Inhabitants fled with all their Goods, fo that Spilbergen found nothing but a little Meal, a few Hens, Hogs, and Oranges in their Houfes, which whileft he was fending Aboard, a {mall Body of Horfe appear’d ,but immediately fled into the Woods. The Hollanders ftaying here {even days, wete inform’d, that the Galley Jefu Maria, Commanded by the Admiral Rodrigo Mendoza, and the Santa Arma, by the . Vice-Admiral Peter Alvares Piger, were Both loft, not one Man being fav'd. Not far from thence lies the Valley Parmonga, which though it be fruitful and pleafant, yet it is quice defolate ; the Walls of a large Caftle ftill appear, as tefti- monies of its being formerly inhabited ; and within the faid Walls alfoare ftill to be feen the Ruines of f{pacious Halls and fair Chambers, whofe Walls are painted with wild Beafts and Birds: The Spaniards have digg’d all about, and undermin’d : , the i the fame, in hopes to find, together with the feveral dead Bodies, a Treafure bu- ried. Two Leagues. Southward from this Valley Parmonga flows the River, Guay» man, by the Spaniards call’d Rio del Falcon, from a Hawk which was feen there. When any ftore of Rain falls here, a great part of the Dale Barrana lies under Water. Not far from hence lie the Valleys Gaura and Lima ; which laft exceeds all others in bignefs, and was formerly exceeding populous; but fince the Marquels Pizarro built the City Los Reyos here, the Citizens have taken the Lands from the Peruvians. The Mines hereabouts produce Gold and Silver. Amongft other things the Inha- bitants highly efteem an Herb bearing yellow Flowers, which in a fhort time cures a putrif’d Wound, whereas if laid on found Flefh it eatsthe fame to the Bone. Strangeman- The Natives heretofore us’d to {pend their time in Hunting, and caught their Game ner of Hunt- , ; ing. after this manner, viz. three or four thoufand of them would meet together, and by taking Hands make a Ring of three or four Miles in circumference, and at a certain Note or Tune Sung, or loudly Exclaim’d, they drew nearer and nearer, till at laft they were within Shot of the inclofed Game, whatfoever it Were. The Countrey of Collaohath a low Point, from which a long Cliff runs into the Sea, towards the {mall Ifland call’d J/la de Collao: On each fide of the Point the Coaft runs floaping in, the one fide extending North-Weft from Colao, to the Cliffs Pifcadores; the other South-Eaft to the fecond Promontory ; behind which is 2 large Bay, wherethe Valley Puchacama appears, famous for its exceeding fruitful- ne(s, and a ftately Temple built by the Ingas, where Ferdinando Pizarro found above A valt Trea- - fure found by nine hundred thoufand Ducats, befides what the Soldiers and. Commanders took, Ferdinando Fixer. and what the Priefts had hid, which none, though miferably tortur’d, would confefs. Oppofite to Pachacama lies the Valley Chilca, where it never Rains, nor any Brook or Spring moiftens the dry Soil, which neverthelefs produces Maiz and Fruit- Trees. The Natives.us'dto dig large and deep Pits, in which they Sow'd and $ | Planted Chap. IV. AMERICA. 4.53 Planted,and at every Root laid the Head of a Fifh call’d a Sardin,which they catight in Nets on theSea-fhore ; wherein neverthelefs nothing would have grown, but for the Morning Dews which fell. The Ingas alfo had curious Banquetting-houfes here. Inthefe Parts there grows fort of Tree call’d Mala,of which Acofta relates a ftrange Wonder of Nature, very remarkable, viz. That it flourifhes,and bears Fruit on that fide which beholds the South, in that Seafon when it is Symmer on the Mountains ; the other which views the Sea, Bloffoming and bearing Fruit when it is Summer onthe Plains. 7 biG) saadib ay BL Fp 8 The Valley Guarco, {pacious and full of Trees, produces efpecially the pleafanc - Fruit Guayaves and: Guavas, as alfo the beft Wheatia Pern , wherefore it is vended all over the Countrey.. Here are alfo the Ruines of another. ftately Caftle, built by the Ingas, the former tuftre whereof is teftif'd: by ‘its remaining Walls, which confift of exceeding great.Stones; fo neatly joyn’d together without Mortar, that it appears. like one entice Stone ;: and by rhe decay’d Structures of feveral Halls, much of the curious Painting whercof is yet tobe feen ;-from the Caftle a large pair of Stairs led: down tothe Sea-fhore. Two Leagues farther the River Lunagun runs through the fertile Valley of the fame Denomination, »The fatnels. of this Soil is chiefly afcrib’d to the Dung of a Fowl call’d Guana, which the Natives fetch in great abundance from thelfles nearthe Main. in”. Next follows the Valley Chinca, one of the biggeftin all Peru, and before the Spa. niards Arrival yery populous. In the rime of the Ingas it alfo fhew’d a magnificent Temple Dedicated tothe Sun, built by Tepaja Jupangue ; yet the Inhabitants ftill re- main’d conftant in the worfhipping of their old Idol Cinciapema. Hither the Ingas fent their conquer’d Princes, who on a certain time were to appearin Cufco, The Dominicans at prefent poflefs here a neat Cloyfter, from whence leads a plain Road tothe Dale Ica; water’d by the River Pifco, which isdry in Summer ; wherefore the Natives brought a Ditch from the Mountains, which fince the Spaniards deftroying the Inhabitants, is choak’d up with Sand, | Next the Valley Na/ca comes in view, famous for the Caftle Caxamalca, where the Ingas kept all manner of Ammunition for War , befides feveral Tombs, out of which the Spaniards took great Riches. This Valley is divided into feveral others, which for the moft part produce Sugar~Canes , and through them all runs the Royal High-way, which is Wall’din on both fides. | Beyond Nafca lie one behind another the Valleys Hacari, Oconna, Camana, and Quilca, all of them affording good Pafture for Cattel, and Fruic, yet are moft of them defolate. The County Los Motilonos, thinly inhabited for want of Provifions, and divided by two Rivers, feparates Moyobamba from the Countrey Chara/mal, Southward beyond (axamalca appear the Countreys Guamachuco, and a little fare ther Conchucos and Pifcobamba, all fruitful and pleafant, and adorn‘d with feveral Struatures built by the Ingas. On the fide of Pifcobamba the County Guaraz extends it {elf over barren Moun- tains, through which the Ingas cut a Royal High-way, and built a Prong Caftle at the Entrance into the Countrey ; the Inhabitants whereof being very laborious, _ work very diligently inthe Gold-Mines. The Territory Pincos, water'd bya River, and famous for ne of the ftatelieft of the Peruvian Stru@tures, is {urrounded by the Countreys Guayaleas ,Turama,Bomba, and (onchucos. The Mountains, though dangerous to Travellers by Lyons, great Bears,and other ravenous Beafts, afford abundance of Silver , and the fruitful Soil produces Wheat, Maiz, Grapes, Figs, Oranges, Quinces, Cittrons, Cedars; and - likewife feeds Goats, Horfes, and other Cattel. ¥ Fe - The t | 1 tT ‘ | isl J " : : 4 1 : : | : : ; 4 : ' : : ) - | - hi 4b a ia br i | my - = —— > —— i _ ——*= —a - — a — tit >= - = : - >a _— = - a — oe aE et Ee > —* —— Se en — = Se 454 AMERICA. Chap. IV. The Countrey Viticos, being within the Jurifdiction of Guannco, lies amongft the Mountains Andes, whether Inga Mango fled, when the Spaniards made themfelves Mafters of Peru. | ay eM ; Chief Towns "The Towns and Places moft obfervable and important in it belonging to the and Places o ae Spaniards, are 1. Miraflores, as the Spaniards call ic, a well feated and wealthy Town in the Valley of Zanu, as above mention’d, five Leagues diftant from the Sea,where it hath likewife a good Haven or Port. 2. Truxillo,two ot three Leagues diftant from the Sea; the Haven whereof is {aid © to be large, but not fafe. The Town it felf is feated in the Valley Chinco, uponthe ~ Banks of a pleafant River, whofe Water doth not onely run through feveral Chan: nels to moiften the Fields, but alfo to accommodate every Houfe in the City : Ic hath broad Streets, a great Market-place, four Cloyfters, two for the Dominicans, one for the Auguftines, and the other for the Francifcans ; one great Church, five hundred Houfes, and a Palace, inhabited by the King’s Collectors, and many Ban- quetting-houfes about it. The good firuation and fruitfulnefs of the Soil, mov’d the Marquels Francifco Pizarro to build this City here Anno 1533. but the Haven be- longing to the fame lies open to all manner of Winds, fo that the Ships Ride here in great danger. . os . 3. La Parilla, otherwife call’d Santa, fourteen Leagues beyond Truxillo South- ward, wafh’d by the Southern Ocean, and one fide by a frefh- water Stream,which being inclos’d between ftony Cliffs, makes a fecure Harbor. Ts | 4. Arnedo, feated ten Leagues Northward from Lima, amongft the Vineyards of the Valley Chancas, otherwile having no great matter in it remarkable, but a fair Dominican Cloyfter. = 5. Lima, by the Spaniards commonly call’d La Cividad de los Reyes, or The €ity of Kings, fo nam’d becaufe Pizarro, who built it, laid the firft Stone on Twelfth-day, Anno 1553. which they call The Feaft of the Kings : It 1s feated in the Valley of Lima, - (from whence the City is alfo fo denominated) one of the fruitfulleft Parts of all Peru, and fo neatly built, that all the chief Streets of the City open upon a fair Market-place, or Piazza, of fuch a large Square, that upon the fides thereof are built, in a ftately and convenient manner, the Cathedral, the Palace of the Arch- bifhop, the Vice-Roy’s Palace and Courts of Juftice, with the Exchequer or Pub- lick Treafury, the Town-houles or place where the City Magiftrates meet and hold their Courts, the Publick Armory or Magazine, and a Free-School, wherein are taught by the Fefuits all Arts and Sciences, and alfo the Indian Language, and divers other fair Buildings of the Nobility and better fort of Citizens. No Countrey uns der the Heavens affords.a more*fruitful or pleafanter Place than this. the tempes rate Climate. neither troubling the Inhabitants with exceffive Heats or great Colds,nor terrifying them with Thunder or Lightning,but having almoft perpetual Sun-fhine and fair Weather’; onely the three Winter Moneths, wherein there falls a fweet-{melling Dew, which cures the Head-ache; and there die but very few of peftilential Diftempers, The Countrey about the City is pleafant- without ex- ception. The Pigeons which are kept here in curious, Houfes built on purpofe, flie a thoufand ina Flight. The Fields abound alfo with Cattel. The Orchards and Gardens flourifh with all forts of Trees and Plants, whereof thofe that are brought hither from Spain gfow better than in their nacural Countrey.. The Weft fide of the City is wafh’d bya pure & clear Stream,which ftores the Market with great plenty of good Fifh, it being diftant but a Mufquet fhot, {pecially when the Water rifes. This River is of great confequence, for it not onely waters the whole Valley of Lima with its feveral Branches, but alfo runs under every Houfe in the City, being builc © leo= af : | i , Chap. IV. * AMERICA. ; 4.55 built on Scone Arches ; they are onely one Story high, becaufe there is no Wood to be had in the Valley of Lima but what in three years becomes all Woorm-eaten;ne- verthelefs the Houles are very beautiful both within and without ; the Walls being very thick and ftrong, have curious Arbors of green Boughs on the top, in which the Owners fhadethemfelves from the Sun. Moft of the Houfes built in the high Streets have pleafant Turrets, which face the Market-place, where all forts of Provifions are brought to Sale, as Oxen, Sheep, Venifon, Sugar, Oranges,Cittrons, Grapes, and Wheat, which is ground in Water-Mills built near the River. This City is inhabited by many able Merchants, which often load Ships to Panama, that are valu’d at above two hundred thoufand Ducats. To the Arch-bifhop’s See,of this Place belongsthe Bifhopricks of Chili; Charcas, Quito, Cufco, Truxillo, Guanuco, Po- paian, San Francifco, Pariama, Nicaragua, and Rio de la Plata. The City is alfo adorn’d with two fair Churches, befidés the Cathedral, and alfo other leffer Churches, four ftately Cloyfters, two Nunneries, and the Je/uits Palace, which is very magnificent. The Haven two Leagues diftant from it, and call’d Cullao de Lima, is large and {ee cure for Ships. Aino 1579. Six Francis Drake took twelve Ships from hence, one Pris takes whereof was laden with Linnen and Silk, befidesa great Cheft full of Silver : Fran, Drake: Which Inconvenience to prevent for the future, the Spaniards have built two ftrong Forts, and fortifi’d them with Brafs Guns.. Thirty years after Sir Francis Drake’s Exploit, Joris Spilbergen comiiig to Anchor here, found the Place all inhabited, a spitesma: Fort well ftor’d with Guns, anda ftrong Caftle before the Mouth of the Harbor, Place in vain, from whence they fhot Bullets of thirty fix Pound weight at the Hollanders, and fo fhatter’d their Frigat, call’d The Hunter, that fhe could {carce keep above Water : Fourteen Spanifh Merchant-men lying near the Shore, receiv’d little damage, Spil- bergen not being able for Shelves to get to them, neither did he judge it convenient to Land, the Vice-Roy having at that time above fourthoufand Menin Arms, bee fides feveral Troops of Horfe ; wherefore after having fir'd {everal Guns on the Fort, and againftthe Church, he fer Sail to Guarmey. 6. Cannete, otherwile call’d Guarco, from the Valley wherein it is fituate : It was built by the Spaniards out of the Treafure which they found in the Caftle afore {po- ken of in the fame Valley. = 7. Valverde, fituate in a Valley of the fame Name, where excellent Fruit may be had fora {mall Price; it isa well Traded and rich Town, about fixteen Leagues diftant from-the Sea. | 8. Pachacama, fituaté ina Territory of the fame Name, four Leagues South- ward of Lima,memorable chiefly for Pizarro’s good fortune here,who is reported to have found in one onely old Temple of the Natives, the quantity of nine hundred thoufand Ducats of Gold and Silver, befides what his Soldiers are fuppos’d to have feiz’d on, and conyey’d away before he came. | 9. Caftro Verreina, threefcore Leagues diftant from Lima to the South-Eaft: Ic lieth in the Valley of Chocolocha, and is a rich Place, by reafon of the good Mines of Silver which are about it, and abundance of the beft fort of Tobacco. 10. Miguel de la Ribera, in the Valley of Camana. TheInhabitants whereof drive a great Trade in Wine, Figs, and Raifins, 11. The City Arequipa, which extends up towards the Mountains, is built in the Dale Quilea, which runs eleven Leagues from the Sea, under a healthful Climate ; but in the Year 1582. it was wholly ruin’d by an Earthquake ; the reafon whereof is af{crib’d to the wet fulphurous Mountains, which burns continually, and fome- times vomits out Flames and Afhes. The Marquefs Pizarro built this City forty fix years before the fore-mention’d Earthquake, fince which being re-built again, Vv 2 foon. . AMERICA. Chap. IV. foon attain’d to three hundred Houfes, befides a Church and Cloyfter ; and though it be but a {mall Town, yet it is of a great refort, becaufe the Gold and Silver is brought hither from the Mines (hancos, Porco, and Potofi, and from thence fent down the River Quilca,which wafhing the City Walls runs into the South Sea to Los Reyos, and from thence to Panama, Nombre de Dios, and New Spain. The Jurildiction of this City Arequipa extends it felf a vaft way, viz. over the {pacious Valleys be- tween Hacari and Tampaca, and up in the Countrey beyond the County Conde/uyo, full of Hamlets and Villages ; the Inhabitants whereof heretofore worfhipp’d, the Sun. By the Way from Arequipa to Collao lie two great Lakes, out of one of which the River Aparima takes its original. 4 By | 12. (axamalca, tather a Fort than a Town; in a Territoty of the fame Denomi- nation, built at the Foot of a Mountain wafh’d with two Rivulets, over which lead feveral Bridges ; near which alfo were formerly a ftately Temple Confecrated to the Sun, wonderful Palaces and Baths for the Ingas, befides. other magnificent Structures of Noble-men, which were the more famous for Attabaliba’s Imprifon- ment and Death. The Soil round about may compare with any pare of the World for fertility. The Inhabitants area peaceable ingenious People, and make curious woollen Hangings. 13. St. Juan dela Frontera, built by the Spaniards North-Eaftand by Eaft from Caxamalca in the County Chiachinpoyas, full of Gold-Mines and Cattel ; to which be- longs not onely Chiachinpoyas, but alfo the Countreys Guiancas and Cafcainga, out of which above twenty thoufand Peruvians pay Tribute to the Spanifh King. Thefe People efpecially the Women, are very comely and beautiful ; for which reafon the Ingas fetch’d theit Wivesand Concubines from thence. Eaftward from Frontera rife the high Mountains Andes, behind which flows the great River Mayobamba by feveral poor Villages inhabited by a fottifh kind of People. gle 14. San Jago de las Valles, built in an ill place amongft the Shrubs and over- flowing Rivers. In this Countrey grows a Tree which bears a juicy Fruit, notun- like an Almond in prickly Rinds, but refembling thofe which cover a Chefaut, concerning which Phyficians have deliver’d their Opinions, That there is nota wholfomer Fruit in the whole World. 15. Leon de Guanuco, which receiv’d that Denomination from its Builder Vacca de Caftro, who call’d it Leon, becaufe he was born in the Spanifh City Leon, and Guanuco from the ftately Palace of the Ingas which was built here: The Houfes are built of Free-ftone, and cover’d with Thatch. The Citizens of Los Reyos were much againft the building of this Town, becaufe feveral Lands belonging to. them were taken away and given to Guanuco, where the temperate Air grants long Life and .. Health to the Inhabitants. The High-way, in which ftand feveral Store-houfes, _ formerly full of Ammunition, runs through the middle of this Countrey, where in the time of the Ingas dwelt Aftronomers, who by looking on the Stars pretended to tell future Events. Here the Women alfo us’d to be burnt alive with their Hus- bands. = | Sect, V. Cufco. sonnel U/co is the far greater part of the Province of Pers, containing generally all OF Cufco, the Sierra, or Hill-Countreys, and thofe parts of the Andes likewife which lie Southward of the little Province or Cantred of Guanuco, being Coafted Weftward and to the North-Weft with Lima ; Eaftward, with Los Quixos, and fome - . . part —le lg om aevn: wt) mans soos JO ———— a) > — . . y . - iia ita i weil : = wea - : - j i | il th Bat List Seas 5 A fem ii NE ‘Ree a Se ee A ce SAU HTT Ta eer. = Ff Was waa ae Wi —— * a s+ A lll Ry a ay le a ® ~ a - ‘ - , _ _% _ d - - i 2 — x ei ‘ : ; ———— —— Chap. IV. AMERICA. | 457 part of Guiana; and on the South, with (harcas ; enjoying for the moft part a tem- perate and good Air, neither over-heated with the {corching Sun in the day, nor damp’d with any cold Mifts or Dews in the Evening, as fome parts of the Plains of Peru are, but well water’d with many frefh Rivers, which make the Valleys and lower Grounds of it good Pafturage, able to maintain great Herds of Cattel. The Woods are efpecially ftor’d with the Coca, whofe Leaf is accounted reftorative, and with much excellent Venifon. In this Province alfo there are fome lefler Divifions of Countreys neceflary to TH fever, be defcrib’d, viz. the cold and barren Countrey Bambon, jutting againft Guanuco, other Tet inhabited antiently by a valiant People, efpecially near the Lake Chincacocha, which longing to is ten Leagues in circumference; inthe middle of it are {everal Cliffs and little ifles : And out of this Lake alfo the famous River De la Plata hath its original, and runs through the Valley Xauxa, receiving by the way the Streams Parcos, Bilcas, Abancay, Apurima, Yucay, and others. The next Countreys: in order towards the South are Tarana, abounding with Wheat, and the eminent Valley Xauxa, furrournided with {nowy Mountains. ‘The Inhabitants. by 2 general Name call’d Guancas, were antiently divided into three forts, viz. the Maracabilea, Laxapalanga, and Xauxa. Here were alfo feveral ftately Houfes built by the Ingas. | » Upon this Valley borders the Village cos neat a Moorifh place full of Canes; but before you approach the Village you comeinear a high Plain, where the Ruines of an antient Stru€ture appear; and fomewhat farther the Palace Pico: from whence thé High-way directs to the Bridge Angoyaca, which leads crofs the River Xauxa ; near which the Ingas had feveral magnificent Structures, and Baths of warm Springs. Noe fat from hence is the Village Picoy ; between which and An- goyaca the Arm of the River Xauxa is cut witha Bridge, becaufe in the Winter it glides fo fwift that they cannot Ferry over it, , From Picoy you go to the Wild, in whofe Center ftands the antient Caftle Pucara, (which in the Peruvian Tongue fignifies Invincible Fort) where the Ingas receiv'd their Tribute from the neighboring People that live amongft the {nowy Mountains. The Banks of the great River Vinaque arecrown’d with the Ruines of antient Structures, which (as the Natives relate) were built by foreign People ; which Af- fertion of theirs feems to be confirm’d by the form and manner of Building, differ- ing fromthe Ingas Struétures, which us'd to be long and narrow. Moreover, feve- ral {weet Streams, abounding with Fifh, efpecially Crabs, glide through the Plains Countrey out of the Mountains Andes. | Not far from hence appears the Plain Chapas, and the Palaces Pilcas,, of which now nothing remains but a heap of Rubbifh, which lies in the Center gf Peru. A ~ frefh-water River, which gives the fore-mention’d Palaces their Denomination, glides out of Soras, and wafhes the High-way and ftately Temple of the Sun. The Countrey Soras, exceeding fertile, and ftock’d with Gold and Silver Mines, is inhabited by 2 People which go Cloth’d in woollen Cloth, and for their Valor formerly much efteem’d by the Jngas. | Thofe that inhabit the Countrey Uramar are call’d Chancas, whofe Neighbors poflefsa long Tract of Land abounding with Cattel and Fruit, but of late are moft of them deftroy’d by the Spaniards. The River Abanca, which takes its original in the Mountainous County Parina- cocha, wafhes feveral Royal Buildings, and at laft difcharges ics Waters into the Ri- ver Xauxa. On each fide of the great River Apuyima are erected two wonderful Stone Pillars, Vv3 over ~ i —— — —- . i= uy eS ey A538 AMERICA. . Chap. IV, over which lies 2 moff artificial Bridge built by the Ingas; from whence the High. way, being cut through hard Rocks, leads up into the Countrey; where the ftarely Buildings‘of Limatambo fhew themfelves ; and beyond the Mountain Bilcaconga the Valley Xaquixaguana, inclos’d between high Rocks, comes in view, where the Ingas us’d to recreate themfelves in their Banquetting-houfes; from whence the High- way, which is Wall’d in on both fides,runs directly through deep Moorifh Grounds to Cufco. =f | Arvin: ¢ Eaftward from Cufco, behind the Andes, are many large Countreys, which to dif- cover the Spaniards {par'd neither trouble, danger, nor charge : between both they found vaft Wildernefles, inacceffible Mountains, and overgrown Countteys; yet at laft they opened four ways thither : the firft whereof runs through the Valley Paquil to Tono, a Village in the middle of the Mountains; from thence to the River Opotazi, along which itis very troublefom travelling, becaufe of the thick Woods and fteep Rocks : laftly tothe hot and fruitful Valley Abifca, and fo to vaft Wilder- nefles, overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes, which prevented any farther Difcos very. The fecond Way runs thirty Leagues farther tothe Southward, through the Countreys Sandia, Camata and Caravaya, to Zama. Through this Way, Anno 1538. Peter Anzu Peter Anzureg travell’d ; fetting out from Zama, he found many defolate Mountains, ny. > barren Wilds,and clofe Woods,through which he entred'into the County Tacana,and from thence to the River Omapalchas, inhabited on both fides by the Cheriabones and Marquires, who oppos’d him in his croffing over the River ; but meeting with nos thing but barren Commons,he travell’d up along the River, and view’dthe Coun- treys Moios, Cochabamba, and Chuguiabo, from whence he return’d to (ollao, having loft moft of his People by Hunger and Hardfhip. But not long after others went over the Andes to the Countreys which extend themfelves Eaft and Weft, fome whereof travell’d through Camata, and others through Cochabamba. Paes at The principal Towns and Places of Trade in it ‘are, 1. Bombon, firuate upon the Places of _ fee. Lake Chinchacocha, faidvto be ten Leagues in compafs, begirt round about almoft with Hills, and having neighborhood with many. other lefler,but pleafant Villages, 2. Parcos, once a Palace Royal of the Ingas, feated on the top of a little Hill, en- . compafs'd with other Rocky and higher Mountains on all fides. ; ‘ 3. San Juan de Vittoria, which the Marquels Pizarro built Anno 539. tofecure the Way between Lima and Cu/co, from the Affaults of the Peruyians, before he abfo- lucely conquer’d this Kingdom : the Walls are wath’d by a (weet Stream, to the | great convenience of the Citizens. nites 4. Guamanga, a City lying in a pleafant Plain under a healthful Climate, buife with Stone-honfes cover'd with Tyles; the Owners whereof have great ftore of Land, which they Sowe with Wheat, and alfo breed plenty of Cattel. To this City, which is adorn’d with three Churches, five Cloyfters, and a large Alims- houfe, above thirty thoufand Peruvians bring annual Tribute. The Mines produce Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Lead, Sulphur, and Load-ftones, near. which grows the poyfonous Herb Mio, which kills the Cattel that chance'to eat thereof, In the Woods alfohereabouts feeds a Beaft, whofe Pifs ftinks at a Miles diftance. This City is by fome deliver’dto be the fame with San Juan dela Vittoria above mention’d. 5+ Bilcas, another Palace of the Ingas, now a good Town of the Natives, and fie tuate, as is fuppos’d, in the very midft of the Countrey of Peru, 6. Guancavelica, anew ‘Town, rais‘d from the condition of avery poor Village, to a Place of very great Importance and Traffick, onely by the Mines of Quickfils ver, which were firft difcover’d there in the Year 1566. by Amador (abrera, through the affiftance of a Peruvian nam’d Mavincopa: T his Cabrera felling his Intereft for a | hundred _ Chap. 1V. aUMERICA, hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats, Su’d the Buyer, upon pretence that he had fold it above one half under the value: whileft this was depending, Peter Ferdinando de Valafco came from Mexico to Guamanga, to.make trial ofthe cleanfing of Silver by Quickfilver, and finding it to fucceed according to his expectation, he fent great quantities of it to Arica, and from thence by Land to Potofi, The King of Spain is faid to receive from this Mine of Guancavelica,all his Charges defray’d,above a thous fand Pound per Annumfor his ufual-fifth part : But theantient Natives regarded not thefe Mines fo much for the Quickfilver as for the Vermilion which is found mix’d with it, wherewith they delighted very much to paint their Bodies: There is great Art now us din the feparating of the Quickfilver from the Vermilion. This Town was long fince inhabited by two thoufand Spaniards at leaft, and twice as many Natives. . 7+ (w/co, which is the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Peru, built on a hard Ground, furrounded with Mountains, undera cold, yet wholfom ‘Climate, and wafh’d by two Rivers, which onthe Eaft fide of Cufco parting, one runs direct Weft, and the other Southward. One part of the City antiently bore the Denomi- nation of Haran-Cufco, and the fecond, Oren-Cufco, where the chief Nobility and moft antient Familiesdwelt. Concerning the original of this Place, the Peruvians fay, That feveral Ages paft there appear’d three Men, call’d Ayrache, Aranca, atid Ajarmango, and with them three Women; nam’d Mamacola, Mamacona, and Mamara- gua, all of them very richly Cloth’d ; that Ayrache had a Precious Stone at the end 459 The original of the Cy Cufto, ofa Truncheon, which by holding up he rais’d the Mountains tothe Skies, and. when he let it fall, levell’d them with the loweft Valleys: Aranca and Ajarmango concluded.to build a ftately City, and fent for People from remote Countries to iahabit it ; with which Defignthe Natives thereabouts feem’d to be well pleas’d : but before they went to work they judg’d it convenient to deftroy Ayrache, whofe great Power they envy’d:: This being refolv’d upon, they invited him to a deep narrow-mouth'd Cave, that there they might worfhip the Sun his Father (for fo Defcended he took upon him to be), he was no fooner entred but the reft fhut the Mouth of the Cave with great Stones, hoping fo to ftarve him todéath , which Ayrache obfetving, ftood.amaz'd a while, till at laft he threw offall the Stones, and flew with great and divers colour’d Wings upinto the Air, crying aloud, Fear nor, Aranca and Ajarmango, though you have defign'nd totake away my Life, but build a City in this place and call it Cuico ; for in it fhall ftand the Seat of the Ingas, under whofe Juri{dittie on extending far and near,many great Nations {hall bow. The Temple which the Gods have there defign'd {hall not onely exceed all otber Struétures inthe World ,in Art and Coftline/S,but be famous for firange Offerings to the Sun. If the Citizens build Altars for me,burn Myrrh,and make Offers ings to me, they may certainly expect to vanquifh all their Enemies, and increafe their Power. According to my Example bore Holes through your Ears, as a fign of Obedience. All which Aranca, Ajarmango, and the foresmention’d Women promis’d to perform. Where- upon Ayrache gave them a rich Diadem witha Taffel, which was to be the Head- Ornament of the fucceeding Ingas ; which they had no fooner receiv’d, but Ajyrache and Aranca were turn’d into Stones, ye& retaining their former fhape; which Ajar- mango obferving, fell ftraight, together with the chree Women, upom building the City Cufco. After the Deluge breaking out of the Hole Tambo,he chang’d his Name of Ajarmango for Mangocapa, that is, Mighty Lord, and made himfelf, as they fay, the firft Peruvian King. The City Cu/co was divided into four Wards, the Eaft call’d Andofayo, the South Callafayo the North, Chinchafuyo, and the Weft Condefayo, every one one fo call’d from'the Countreys, to which the Gates of the four Wards ate oppos’d, . Ifany one coming out of another Countrey, ferled himfelf in (u/co, as wei et : daily, en 460 AMER IC 24. Chap. 1V, daily, he was permitted to dwell no where but in that Ward which fronted his na. tive Countrey. The four high Streets, which through thefe Wards one way fall in. to the Marketsplace, being in the middle of the City, are the other way anfwera- ble to the four principal High-ways, viz. that which leads to Quito and Pafto, through Chincha[uyo ; to Arebuipa, through Conde/uyo ; to the Mountains Andes, through Andefuyo ; and to Chili, through Collafuyo. The two Rivers before mention’d, which part at che Eaftend of the City, are pafs’d over with divers Bridges. ‘The narrow Streets are full of Stone Houfes, built in good Order.: In feveral places are Vaulted Cellars under Ground, in fome of which are buried great. Treafures : . they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothfayers ; for this fort.of People were once in great efteem amongft the Inhabitants, who co- ming from Chili, Pato, Bocamores, Topona, Bombon, Charcas, Collao, Chiachiapoias, Con- chucos, and other Peruvian Countreys, receive great benefit from the frefh Water, and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City. Pikes nt ‘The ftately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at feveral times built in Oren- Palaces and Strudues 2» Cufco, being one part of the City, are very wonderful, the Owners whereof were sat fore’d by the Ingas to appear at Courtat Set-times, that fo he might prevent all In- furreétions :) Alfo he caus’d the Children of the prime Lotds to be brought up in Cufco, under pretence that they might learn the Cu/coan Tongue perfeétly, in which the Ingas would always be {pokento; whenas their Defign was to keep them as Hoftages in their own Jurifdictions, that their Fathers might not rebel, by which means it hapned, that in moft places of Peru, which amongft the feveral Tribes and Principalities had feveral Languages, the Cufcoan Tongue was underftood and {po- ken. But the Spaniards, who are the prefent Pofleflors thereof, have alter’d and ree pair’d moft of the ordinary Houfes, which are now neatly built of Stone,Above all the old Strudtures, the Palace of the Ingas, and the Temple of the Sun, are the moft magnificent; the Palace lies inclos’d within a {quare quadruple Wall, each corner whereof is adorn’d and ftrengthned with a Tower: The Palace it (elf is built round, and with Arches; but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder, is to fee how the Stones, which are fo big that forty Horfes are not able to ftir one: of them out of its place, were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders from the neighboring Mountains ; for the Peruvians never made ufe of any laboring Beaft, except their Sheep Pacos, not knowing the ufe of Horfes, Camels, Oxen, Ele- phants, or the like, before the Spaniards coming thither. The Halls within the Pa- lace were Wainfcoted with Golden Plates : yet the Juga’s Apparel was not an{wer- able to the reft of his Pomp ; for in ftead of a Crown they bound their Heads about with a red woollen Safh, with which they almoft cover’d their Eyes ; at the end of the Safh hung certain Ribbands,' which they gave the Governor as occafi- on offer’d, that by this Sign, as by a Commiffion, they might exercife their Offices; the fight of which String caus’d fuch Obedience, that if the Inga had commanded the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themfelves, none durft deny. The Inga was generally carried by a hundred of his Noble-men, of whom if any one had accidentally chanc’d to ftumble, he was immediately put todeath. No man durft prefume to look him in the Face, or {peak to him without a Prefent, The Temple “ The Temple Curicanche, Dedicated to the Sun, was certainly the moft rich and fumptuous that ever the World boafted, it being Govern’d by the Chief Prieft Villanoa. The Inga Guainacava {pent an invaluable Treafure in the building of this Structure, for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of maffieGold and Silver, At his return home from the Conqueft of the Province of Quito, from whence the Inhabitants,according to an amcient Cuftom of the Ingas,were carried to : one Chap. IV. AMER, IC A. 4.61 one of the remoteft Countreys in. Peru. But Guainacaya enamor’d of a Quitoan Maid, ftaid a confiderable time in the City Quito, and kept a fplendid Wedding at the Marriage of his Bride, who bare unto him the famous Attabaliba, whom he lov’d beyond all his other Children, and a little before his death made him King of Quito. But Huafcar after Guainacava’s Deceafe would not fuffer his Brother tolive in the late conquer’'d Kingdom of Quito, but gave him Battel in the Plain of ‘Tome. ‘A eruel Bat= bamba, which lafted three days and three Nights, and after much Blood-fhed, Aita- two Brothers} baliba being defeated was taken Prifoner, and not long after making his Ef{cape by the help of an antient Woman (whileft Ava/car’s Commanders and Soldiers re- joyed with Cups full of (hica for their gotten Victory) he made his Subjeéts in Quito believe, that he being transform’d into a Serpent, crept through a little Hole out of the Prifon; and that he had a Promife from Heaven to obtain Conqueft over Huafcar ; which being believ’d, ftirr’d up all his Subjeés to take up Arms, and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy, whom they not onely defeated, but took Huafcar Prifoner. , Hufcar being deftroy’d by Attabaliba, and Attabaliba by Pizarro, Mango Inga their youngeft Brother took the Government upon him, made continual Sallies upon the Spamiards from inacceffible Mountains, and at his Deceafe left the remaining part of Peru to his Son Zaires Topa, who feeing no good to be done by force of Zaires the Arms, fubmitted himfelf freely to the King of Spain's Jurifdiction in the Year 1557. tags bn fince which the Spaniards have been fole Mafters. a There are at this day four great Churchesin Cufco: Alfo the Dominicans, Frans cifcans, Augu/tines, and the Monks De la Merced, have each of them ftately Cloyfters here: but the Je/uits Structure exceeds all the other. Above forty thoufand Peruvians pay annual Tribute to this City. In the Valley about the City feed abundance of Cattel ; alfo Wheat, and all manner of Herbs grow here in great plenty. The Gold and Silver-Mines have not that refort which they had formerly, moft of the Workmen being remov’d to Potof.. Concerning the Service which they perform’d in the fore-mention’d Temple of the Sun, and their fuperftitious Opinions about their Idol (on, they are much of the fame ridiculous nature with what hath been already Difcours’d of in other pla- ces. Five Leagues Southwardly from Cu/co lies the Valley Yacay between high fnowy Mountains, under a temperate Climate and pleafant Soil. Not far from hence the Ingas built a moft invincible Caftle on a Rock, which was furrounded with many cliffy Walls one above another; thefe Walls were alfo Carv’d with Images of Lyons, Tygers} and other wild Beafts, which held Lances in their Paws; the top of the Rock was crown’d with a Royal Stru@ture built of Stone, through which ran Golden Veins, joyn’d together with a certain Gum, by fome call’d Jews-Lime. To the Province of (ondefuyo belong the valiant People Chumbibalcas and Ubinas. Inthe County Pomatambo they make Carpets of fine Wooll, curioufly Painted. ) 8. The City Francifco de Vittoria, which lies in the rough Valley Vilcabamba, and isinclos’d by the Mountains Andes, belonging to the Jurifdiction of the Province Andefuyo. 9. The Village Juan del Oro, which isthe chief Place of the Countrey Caravaya, and fo call’d by the Spaniards from the fine Gold which is found there in great abune dance. Along the Sea-Coaft of Peru belonging to the Jurifdiction of Los Reyos, He nehe Harte ttes, following Havens, Ifles and Points. : sa be South-Eaft from the Promontory Aguya, rifes the Ile St: Roque outof the Souths : 7 Sea, os a ae 7 AMERICA Chap. IV. Sea, furrounded with Rocks, and abounds with Birds of prey ; through the midft of it runs a River which divides the Ifland. The Haven Malabrigo, ill defended againft the Winds, cannot be entred by great Veflels, unlefs in calm Weather. iL. | Next follow the Harbors Guanape and Santa, where the Ships us’d td futnifl themfelves with Water out of a frefh River ; (a/uya and Guarmay, both inhabited by Peruvians. | Near the Mouth of the Road Guara flandsa large Salt-pan, the Salt about which is foundin great hard Pieces. The Ifland Collao fecures the Haven before Lima. Behind Cape Guarco lies the Lobos . and not far from hence the Harbor Sangallan, being fo commodious that the Spaniards confider’da long time whether they fhould build the City Los Reyos here. | The Promontory Najfca affords alfo good fhelter for Ships; and the Haven Flacari yields ftore of Refrefhments. Moreover, the Streams Oconna, Camana, and Quilca difcharge their Waters intothe Sea. 7 The Haven Arequipa appears at its Mouth like a little Pool, furrounded with Mountains. | ; Between Quilca and the River Tamboyalla lies the Ifle Nuli ; and a little more Southward the Haven Paracca and Pifca ; and up in the Countrey the Village Ya, where the moft and beft Peruvian Wine isto be had. | bind : SE CT. VI. ea Los Charcas. pact le i Os Charcas is the fartheft Countrey Southward of the Kingdom of Peru,reachs ee ee ing up as far as Chile, with which on the South it is border’d, having on | the North, Lima and Colao; onthe Weft, Mare del Zur ; and on the Eaft, fome Countreys not yet well difcover’d, which lie betwixt it and the Province of Paraguay, or De la Plata. The Countrey is faid to be in length about a hundred and fifty Leagues, meafuring it dire@ly, or ina right Line from North to South ; but meafuring it about along the SeaeCoaft, much about two hundred : Itis not very tich either in Corn or Cattel, although in fome parts it wanteth not good Pa- fturage ; but of unparalell’d Wealth, in re{pect of the Mines of Gold and Silver which are here digo’d, the principal whereof are thofe of Potofi and Parco, The Mountains hereabouts are inhabited by the Cavinas, who dwell in Stone Houfes.. Their Neighbors the (anches are a fubtile, good natur’d, and painful Peos ple, breed many Sheep, fowe Corn, and catch plenty of Fith out of the Rivers. Next comes in view the cold Countrey Conas. On the right fide towards the Sou- thern Ocean, the great Wildernefs Parinacocha extends it felf a vaft way ; the Moun- tains round about are continually cover’d with Snow, and the Dales have many deep Moors. | ; | r Principal Chief Towns and Places of note in this part of Pers are, 1. Plata, otherwile , Places of call’d Chuquifaca, from the Countrey whofe Metropolis it is, fituate under a tem- | perate Climate, in a fruitful Soil for the produétion of all manner of Plants, and ef{pecially Wheat, Barley, and Grapes. In this City the High Court of Judicature of Los Charcas is kept, being a principal part of Peru, and inhabited by the richeft Spaniards in the whole Kingdom, having gotten an incredible deal of Treafare out of the neighboring SilvereMines, which from the time of the Ingas, or Kings of — Peru, to its Difcovery by the Spaniards, held out and continu’d fo rich, that “tis oa ) thought +, « P| a! AE iA is ! MT LULL \ i {\UUuuiivUh 1 Ti d y DRX Chap. 1Ve ef MER ICA thought Pizarro; if Reafon could have rul’d him, might here onely have rais’d hima felf a Rent of two hundred thoufand Ducats per Annum ; but his defire and hopes, - firfhto find more at Potofi, and afterwards his ambition and greedinefs to have and command all,carried him to violent Courfes, which prov’d his Ruine, as hath been faid. The Town is conveniently feated in a fruitful Soil, honor’d with the Refi- dence of the Governor of the Province, and with a Bifhops See, {aid to be the richeft of Peru, viz, of fourfcore thoufand Ducats per Annum. The Cathedral and divers Cloyfters give alfo a - great luftre to the City. The antient Inhabitants of this Countrey, efpecially about thofe parts where now this City ftands, were the Charcas and Charanques, both valiant People, who by Command of the Ingas fetch’d invaluable Treafures out of the neighboring Mines of Porco, where a thoufand Men were continually kept at work. In La Plata were reckon’d long fince, befides Spaniards, above fixty thoufand Peruvians which pay annual Tribute. 2. Oropefa,a place of good Metal, as 2 man may perceive by the Name = It lieth in the rich and pleafant Valley Cochobamba, twenty Leagues diftant from La Plata. 3-- Potofi, eighteen Leagues Weftward from La Plata, by the Spaniards call’d The Imperial City, built at the Foot,of a.Mountain bearing the fame Denomination, ona barren Soil under a cold Climate, though but twenty one Degrees to the Souths ward of the Aguinoétial Line: the Cold proceeds from ithe high Lands, whiclt lie bare to the bleak and fharp Winds call’d Tomobayi, which blow every year véry fiercely from May till September. But though the barren Counttey produces no Fruit, yet no place in Peru hath greater plenty of all Provifions and Dainties than this, the Markets being always full of Fruit, Salt-Meat, Maiz, Papas, Wheat, Sugar, Sweet-meats, and all things that are requifice for the fubfiftence of Man-kind, which are brought thither from all parts for the Silver, which is there in {uch plenty. As to what concerns the famous Mountain Potofi in the Countrey of Charcas, it is of an Afh colour, and rifes above the adjacent Mountains in the form of a Sugar-Loaf ; on the top of it ftandsa Chappel, to which leads a craggy Path, which with a little care may be rid up with a Horfe ; the heighth thereof isa thou- fand fix hundred and twenty four Rods, or a quarter of a League: at the Foot thereof appears the Mine call’d Guaina Potofi, that is, The young Potofi; near which the City Potofiftands, being two Leagues in circumference, and is adorn’d with a Church and Cloyfter for the Dominicans, and exceedingly reforted to by Traders. In the time when the Ingas Govern’d Peru, the Silver-Mines at Porco were very famous ; but it was not till after the arrival of the Spaniards that Silver was found in Guaina Potofi, and by degrees the Silver Veins which lay hid in the great Poto/i ; the manner of which Difcovery was as followeth : A Peruvian call’d Gualpa, who work’d in the Mines at Porco, going a Hunting; it the cccafon chanc’d that the Game ran up the fteep Miountain of Potofi, which prevented his Diftorery of purfuing of it any farther; butthe Mountain, being overgrown with Trees, he pa" got hold from one Bough to another to help himfelf up; and at daft taking hold of the Bramble call’d Quinua, he pull’d the fame out of the Ground, and finding it heavy, look’d upon it, and efpy’d a great lump of Silver hanging at the Root of it ; whereupon viewing the Hole, he difcover’da rich. Silver Vein; of which taking fome pieces home, and melting them, he found that it was the belt Sil- ver that ever he had known ; wherefore he privately gota greater quantity, and by degrees grew extraordinary rich : but though he carried his Defign never fo clofe, yet he was at laft fufpected, and efpecially by his Neighbor Guanca,-born in the Valley Xauxa, who was the more jealous of him, becaufe he fold greater Bars of Silver than any were caft at Porco; whetzupon he refolv’d to {peak to him, and > getting 4.53 a. wok: 464 ; AMERICA. Chap. lV. The Mine Potofs, when difcover'd, Four Silver Veins, with their feveral Divifions, The Socabo. nos Or Tren- ches, wich the manner of Mining. getting out the Secret, it came to this Agreement between them, That they fhould both be Partnersand fhare the Booty ; Gualpa was to keep the Vein, fince call’d The Rich Vein, and Guanca was to have another, at prefent nam’d Diego Centeno: but they agreed not long ; for Guanca finding much labor upon his Vein, by reafon of the hardnefs, and that he could get no fhare in what Gwalpa got, acquainted his Spanifh Matter Vilarsel with it, who refted not till he had found out the truth there- of ;-for which Vilaroel obtain’d (according tothe Cuftom of Porco) feveral Rods to work for himfelf, onely paying the King one fifth part of what he gor, and fore. main’d Owner of the Mine Centeno. ie This Difeovery of the rich Mine Potofi is faid to have hapned on the twenty fourth of April, Anno 1545. Soon after which they found the Silver Vein Del Eftanno, which though it was very rich, was difficult to be digg’d, becaufe of its hardnefs, The firft Vein which Gualpa fearch’d after ftood upright from the bottom of the Mine, and contain’d above three hundred Foot in length, and thirteen in breadth, and continuing good for two hundred Foot in depth, after which the Silver begins to leffen. , | The Peruvians relate, That the Ingas firft began to dig in Potoft, but gave it over becaufe the Workmen heard a terrible Voice, faying, Leave off doing what you are about ; the Treafures which lie hid here, are referv'd for a People out of foreign Countreys. Thefe Mines produce yearly for the King’s fifth part,-forty thoufand Pieces of Silver, each-yalu’d at thirteen Ryals, each Ryal being four Shillings, befides what he is defrauded of, which is perhaps half as much more. The Mines of Potofi exceed all other, becaufe the Diggers never meet with any Water, notwithftanding they work above two hundred Fathom under Ground, whereas the other Silver Mines fuffer'great damage by the Water ; which was alfo the reafon why the Spaniards left off digging of Silver in Porco, becaufe they were not onely fore’d to cut through hard Rocks, but ran greater danger, or at leaft be- ftow’d extraordinary labor to get out the Water which broke in upon them. The four Silver Veins of Potofi, viz. The Rich, Centeno, Del Eftanno, and Mendieta, lieon the Eaft-fide of the Mountain, and extend: North and South. The great - Veins produce lefler, not unlike the Body of a Tree, from which fhoot forth feve- ral degreesof Boughs. Each Vein is divided into feveral parts, poflefs’d by feveral Owners ; the leaft part is open’d four Rods, and the biggeft eighty ; for none are permitted by the Law to opena bigger Hole. In the time of the Jefuit Fofeph de Acufia, an Eye-witnefs, who Anno 1587. went from Peru to Spain, the Rich Vein was reckon’d to contain eighty feven Mines, of which fome were digo’d two hundred Fathom deep. The Spaniards judge that at the Root of the Rich Veinis an incredible Treafure, though Experience hath hitherto taught us, that the Silver leffens in price and quantity the deeper they dig in the Ground. | | For the more eafie working in the Mines, the Spaniards have dige’d Trenches (which they call Socabonos) at the Foot of the Mountain towards the Weft, crofs through the Mountain to the Mine, each of them being eight Foot broad and a Fathom deep, and lock’d up with Gates, through which the Silver is carried out, whereof the Owner of the Socabon receives a fifth part. The Socabon which leads to the Rich Vein, was begun Anno 1556. and finifh’d in twenty nine years, extends it felf two hundred and fifty Rods in length. The Miners work by Candle-light both Day and Night by turns , thofe that work in the Day, fleep in the Night, and thofe that work inthe Night, fleep in the Day. The Oar, which is as hard as a Stone, is cut out with Pick-axes, beaten in pieces withan Iron Crow, and carried upon their Backs on Ladders made of Leather: Each Ladder hath three Faftnings — at about GhapelV. - AMERICZ. 463 about the thickrie(s of 4 Cable, ftretch’d out by Sticks, fo'that one goes up of one fide, whileft another comes down on the other. Ech Ladder being ten Fathom jong, is pitch’d upon its feveral Floor on which the Laborers reft Betere they go up higher, for they make divers Floors according to the depth of the Mine. The Laborers carry the Oar in Bags faftned before on their Breafts, and falling back over their Shoulders three and three together, the foremoft wheteue ties a lighted Candle to his Thumb, and thus they help themfélves with both Hands. It isa wonderfulthing to confider, how the Peruvians are able to {cramble up and down continually a\hundred and fifey Fathom : But befidesmany other Inconveniences, the Mines often fall in, or at leaft great pieces, which bury all the Diggers. The Mines alfo,being ye dsthive cold,occafion to thofe that are not us’d to them, a Vertigo in the Head, and Vomiting. The Silver runs for the moft part betwee two Rocks, as it were, ina long Channel, of which one fide is as hard as Flint, and the other much fofter.. This Silver i of different value ; the beft, call’d rrecitld or Tacana, refembles Amber in colour ; the worfer fort is hfe chithh: and fomerimes of an Afli-colour. The pieces of Oar are carry d on the Backs ue the Sheep Pacos to the Mill, where being ground to Powder, they are put into Furnaces to melt; of which there were once above fix thoufand on the top of Potofi ; but fince the Quick- filver was found to cleanfe the fame, not a third part remains pure. In former times the Mines at Pérco, two Leagues from the little Lake Aalagar produc’d thofe vaft Treafures gather’d by the Ingas, which afterwards for the moft part fell into the Spaniards Hands. As concerning the Sea-Coaft of Los Charcas, it lies'as followeth : Southerly Ro Towm Rivers, and from the River Tambopalla puts forth a three-pointed Rock into the Ocean, and tes of ‘makes the Haven De Yo, into which falls a frefh River. ‘Next follow the round Hill Morro de los Diabolos, and the Inlet before the Town Arica, fecur’d from all ex: cept a Wefterly Wind, where the Silver that comes from Potofi is Shipp’d for Lima. Since the Englifh Rdruiral Sir Francis Drake took three Barks out of this Inlet it is fortifi’d with a Caftle, which is ftor’d with Brafs Guns. Nine Leagues Southward the Piffaqua falls into the Ocean ; and next you come to the little Village Hicabic, fituate on a high and barren Trad of Land; as alfo ‘the Haven Terrapaca, which by an Inland is made very fecure. Not far from hence appears the Foot of Piqua, where the Coat begins to rife very high ; the Head of Tacama, the Stream Lottoya, otherwife call’d De Loa, whofe Banks are inhabited by poor People; the River Montélo, the Promontory Morro Moreno, b&fond whofe utmoft Point opens a Bay, fecur’d from all Winds by an ifland. The Inhabitants here feed on raw Fifh. Next the River Clara comes in view, which is taken for a Bopndary between Peru and @pili. Eaftward up into the Countrey you come to Santa (vuix, built at the Foot of a Mountain in a Plain near a Brook, which rufhing forth froma Rock glides through the City to a Lake full of delicious Fifh. |The Houfes of Stone, are cover’d with Palm-Tree Leaves ; and befides the Church there is alfo a Cloyfter, inhabited by. the Monks De la Merced. In former times the Peruvian Houfes were built of Clay, . and were often deftroy’d by their Neighbors the (heriguanacsand Titanes, who made Feafts with as many asthey took of them, The People about this Place are meek and poot fpirited, and {peak befides four Languages, the Diagnitan Tongue, com- mon amongft all of them. Before the Arrival of the Spaniards they went Cloth’d in Oftritches Feathers, but fince taught to weave Cotton, they now. make ‘their Apparel of she fame, ahd uponthe account of Barter, drive a great Trade in it: Xx They ' | y | i ; ul ; oF ' : , ' 4 ; 7 ve i : : a ¥} i ‘al 4 Ry ' 4 ' - ' : f : 7 \ i 4 ; I a SO A Se ee ~ 466 AMERICA Chap. IV, Situation and oak on of Collzo. Chief Towns and Places of note, They Dye their Cotton with the boyl’d Roots and Leaves of a little Tree. Eaftward beyond Santa Cruiz lies the Countrey Paicanos, eminent for the great (alabafhes which grow there, exceeding good to keep both wet and dry Meats in. ‘The Countrey receives a viciffitude of exceflive Cold and intolerable Heat ; the hard Winters taking beginning in May, and continuing till the beginning of Augu/t. In the middle of our Summer a South-wind blows feyen Weeks together here, to the great prejudice of all Plants, which are during that time often wafh’d away by continual Rains. About Chriftmas they Sowe, and gather in their Harveftin March, During the rainy Seafon the Ways cannot be travell’d, being all overflow’d by the Rivers ; neither doth the Palm-Wood, which is four days Journey in length, permit any accefs to the faid City Santa Cruiz, becaufe the conflux of Waters makes it a Moorall over; befides which, the Tygers Bears, and Serpents, make the Ways dangerous, efpecially at thas time. ; Through this Countrey the Spanifh Captain Nufco de Chavas trayell’d, when he difcover'd the Taguamacis, a numerous People, which dwell along the great River De la Plata. | The Countrey about Santa Cruiz produces all manner of Fruit, but few Trees, becaufe of the want of Rain ; but Corn, Maiz, Wine, Granadillas, Luiumas, and Tus cumay, asalfothe Plant Hlachalindi, in the Latine Tongue call’d Mirabile Peruanum, grow here in great abundance ; which laft fhoots up to the bignefs of a pretty large Body, full of Juice, and of a yellowifh colour, out of which fhoot knotty Boughs, and about each Knot two Leaves refembling the Herb Nighifbade ; the Flowers which hang at the ends of the Boughs. are long, and pleafant to the Eye, by reafon of their mixture of Purple, White, and Yellow, and alfo of a {weet {mell. It is a ftrange Secret in Nature, that this Flower opens at Midnight, if any Lighe come nearthe fame: The Rootalfo is accounted an eflectual Medicine againft the Dropfie. ; ‘sap! SecT. VII, Collao. ~ NOllao lieth Southward of thofe Countries, which go under the general Name G. of the Province of (ufco, having onthe Weft, Lima ; on the South, Charcas. —" but Eaftward, and.to the North-Eaft, it is fhut up by a Ridge of Mouns tains, running in one Body or continu’d ‘Trac from the Confines off@ollao, as far as the City of Cufco, where they divide. The Countrey is generally plain, commo- dioufly water’d in all Parts with frefh Rivers, and confequently affording rich Pa- fturage and good Herds of Cattel. | The chief Towns and Places of note are, 1. Chuquinga, a pica’ Town: and held to be naturally almoft impregnable, as being enyiron’d round about either with deep unfordable Waters, or with Mountains unpaflable, and having one onely Cawley leading toit, reported to be for two or three Leagues together no broader than to permit one fingle Perfon to march conveniently upon it. | 2. The City Pucara;which was formerly well inhabited, butat prefent nothing remains of it, except theruin’d Walls of great Houfes, and large Images of Stone. 3- Ayavire, by the Spaniards call’d Las Sepulturas, being a Place efpecially enobled by the ftately Monuments of the Peruvian Nobility which were found there. 4. Hatuncolla, the Metropolis or chief Town of this Province, feated upon the Banks of the River Caravaya, whofe Streams are very much fam’d for Geld. | The a we ~ Re — ye ee >a eaenten geese aa Te ~ > - en + — - wo er, ee tem . a I ~_——— Chap: LV. f AMER IC az. 4.67 The River Caravaya, which glides from the Andes Eaftward to the City Juan del Oxo, produces much fine Gold, but not without the lofs of many People, which are kill’d by the unwholfom Air ae Damps that arife here. The Lake Titicaca, which wafhes the Countrey (clo on the North, the Province the late 2: of Omafuy on the Eaft, (haquito on the Weft, and Chuquic abo on the South; is one ar the greateft Lakes of America, being eighty Leagues i in circumference, and in {eves ral places as many Fathom deep ; wherefore it is exceeding rough in windy Wea: ther. Into ‘this Lake ten great Rivers difcharge their Waters, which run away again through a narrow, but very deep Channel, in which the Stream runs fo ftrong; that no Boats are able to abide init. 5. Chinguita, a Colony of Spaniards upon the Banks of Titicaca, having many fmall Iflands in it of a good and fruitful “Soil, abounding in Fifh and variety of Sea-Fowl ; it is fuppos’d to be fourfcore hescies diftant likewife from the South ' Sea, having onely one Eftuary or Mouth, whieh 3 is fomething ftraic, but of fuch a deep Water and violent Stream, that (as Aco/ta teftifieth of it) it is not poffible to build-a Bridge of Stone or Timber over it; but the Natives in ftead thereof have laid a Bridge of Straw upon it, which ferves as well, viz, fo many great Bundles of Straw, Sedge, or fuch like matter, well and furely dips up and faftned together, as will reach from one fide or Bank of the Effuary toanother ; at which likewife ha- ving made them fure, they caft fome good quantity of mofe-Straw.and Sedge up- on them, and have a Bridge very convenient, upon which they both fecurely pafs themfelves, and alfo drive Cattel, and do other neceflary Bufinefs, The Water is neither bitter nor brackifh, yet is not drinkable becaufe of its muddinefs. Several Iflands that lie in the Lake ferv’d formerly for Storeshoufes of the chiefeft Goods, which the People thereabouts living near the Higheway would not truft in their Villages. Here grows a:certain Broom-Plant call’d Totara, good for many ufes, and is alfo Th Pim wholfom Food both for Man and Beaft , moreover, they cover their Houfes mick” the fame, burn it on their Hearths, and 0 Boats. ‘The Uros, a falvage People, made Floats of Totara, which they ty’d together, and built Villages on the fame, which drove to and-again, according as the Wind blew. The Lake alfo breeds abundance of Fifh, and efpecially two forts, viz. Suches, which are very pleafing to the Palate, but unwholfom; aad the Bogas, which though lefs, and full of Bones, are a maitdh better Bod, There likewife breed plenty of Bowls about the Gite, efpecially wild Geefe and Ducks, When the Peruvians intend to Entertain any Perfon,they go tocatching of Fowls (by them call’d Chaco) after this manner : They make a, Circle with the Floats nam’d Balfas, and Rowing clofe to one another, take up the inclos’d Fowl with their Hands, Moreover, the oreniennete d Channel, through which the Lake Titicaca dit. charges its Water, ends ina little Lake call’ d Aulagas, likewife full of defolate Ifles, but hath no vifible place into which to empty ics Water, therefore ic muft needs, according to the courfe of Nature, fall under Ground, ‘hate: it commixes with a Stream whofe original is unknown, though it be feen to fall intothe South Sea. The Town is a Place of extshoudanay Wealth and Trading, and fo confiders able, that the Governor thereof is always nam’d by the King of Spain himfelf, and his Place eftimated at fifty thoufand Ducats per Annum, 6. Tiaguanaco, at the Efuary, or Mouth of the Lake, memorable onely for the Ruines of certain great and ftupendious Buildings which antiently have ftoad there, fome of the Stones whereof are faidto have been of thirty Foot length AX 2 apiece, AMERICA, . (RGR oresieae apiece, fifteen Foot broad, and (ix or feven Foot thick. There were likewife found che Statuesof certain Men excellently Carv’d and Wrought, of a Gigantick flature or bignefs, and likewife vefted in foreign and ftrange Habits, notat all us’d, nor ever known to have been us’d by the Peruvians themfelves, or by any other of the Natives of America. | | 7. Nueftra Sennora dela Pax, ot Our Lady of Peace, otherwile call'd Pueblo Nuevo : It is but a {mall Town, yet pleafantly feated upon the Banks of a River in a fair and fruitful Plain, full of Springs, Fruit-Trees, Savanas, and Fields of Maiz, having Mountains on either fide : It lieth almoft in the middle of the Province Chaquinabo, fourteen Leagues diftant from (ufco, and as many from Potofi. The Province Chy- guinabo it felf (which in the Peruvian Tongue fignifies Inberitance of Gold) hath many rich Gold-Mines, good Salt-pits, and a temperate Climate, except from the begin- ning of December till March, in which time the continual Rains caufe Feavers and Agues. The Inhabitants being very poor People, us’d togo naked in the Sum. © mer Seafon. 8. Copavana, two and twenty Leagues beyond Lopoz: It is onely inhabited by Peruvians ; amongft whom an Image of the Virgin Mary, long fince erected there, hath been ever in great veneration, efpecially by reafon of a Tradition of a great Miracle there perform’d : for the Spaniards afirm, That Johannes Anachoreta going a Journey of feveral Weeks from home, plac’d a lighted Candle before the Image, which during the time of his abfence did not at alldiminifh. Puatatte An Accident which fell out in this Countrey is very remarkable, viz. The at Angee Ground of an old Village call’d Angoanga, then inhabited by eminent Necroman- cers, began on a fudden to {well, and the Earth to run like a broken Wave two Leagues, overwhelming the Houfes gh and filling up a neighboring Lake. Ladbor Eight years before this terrible Earthquake here, there hapned in the County of in Exglaud, Flereford in England almoft the fame kind of prodigious Motion : for not far from the Town Ledborough, arofe Marcely Hill to an exceeding heighth, and moving along bury’d all whate’re it met with, after which manner it continu’d for the {pace of three days, to the great terror of all that beheld it. | 9. (hilane ; 10. Acos; 11. Pomata, and fome others, all of them good Towns, but not fo confiderable as thole other. | | Hgkwant ‘Concerning the Roads or High-ways, it may well be faid, That none of the feven nave by te Wonders of the World can compare with any one of them neither was the Way that Appius Claudius made from Rome to Brundufium, upon the repairing of which the Em- perors Julins-and Augu/tus {pent great fums of Money, fit to ftand in competition with the Roads made by the Ingas in Pern: for who cannot but admire at the confie . deration of fo many Valleys fill’d with Mountains, the hardeft Rocks cut afunder, Moors damm’d up, great Stone Bridges laid over fwift gliding Streams, and through vaft Wildernefles a Way made of twenty Foot broad, inclos’d in high Walls, extending from Quito to Chilo, a thoufand Leagues, and at the end of every ten Leagues brave Houfes or Magazines, ftor’d- with Bowes, Arrows, Halberds, Axes, Clubs, Clothes, and Provifion for twenty or thirty thoufand Men. Some relate, that Guainacava, when he return’d Victor from the conquer’d Countrey Quito, fuffer’d great Inconveniences on the pathlefs Mountains, and thereupon commanded his Subjeéts to make the fore-mention’d Way. But it is more probable, that this Mafter-piece was not the work of one Inga, efpecially fince befides the Way from (bili to Quito there leads another through the Mountains over the Plains from (u/coto Quito, forty Foot broad, and five hundred Leagues long, inclos’d within two Walls. or ; a Sa eal > > > i _ 1 a a i — =e - — - ee ee ee 3 -—- So = poe 7 — ‘The Chap. IV; AMERICA = 4.69 The Peravians relate from the teftimony of the Quipos, mutch more concerning The mmannet Rete: High- Ways, and other Buildings on them, made by Guainacava. Thefe Quipos « ti Re giz - are Rowls of divers colour’d Strings, full of all manner of Knots, which ferve in ftead of Charaéters to keep their Chronicles; in which were employ’d the Quipos Camayos, who being in the nature of our Scesétanien Regiftred all Tranfactions, performing the fame with the feveral Strings and Buttons, with which chey gave Obligations, Difcharges, and the like : but befides the Quipos they alfo us’d Rings full of little Stones for the fame purpofe, and knew with Maiz-Seed how to caftup an Account as well as the beft Arithmetician with Figures, . Their Account of Time hung on the twelve Pillars Succanga, erected on a Moun- mod beyond Cu/co by the Inga Pachacuma, that is, The Regulator of the Year, to thew the Courfe of the Sua, and according to that their appointed Feaft-days, times of Sowing and Harveft : Their Year begins in December. : The Spanifh Government in the Kingdom of Peru is fetled at prefent in great 7 The prefint Stateof Pers tranquility and {plendor, The Vice-Roy, who keeps a {plendid Court in Lima Mee te otherwife call’d Los Reyos, Commands over Chili and Terra Firma, and never comes verment abroad without a Guard of forty Halberdeers: when he travels by Land he is ac- companied by the Arch-bifhop, and guarded by his forty Halberdeers, a hundred Pikesmen, and fifty Mufquetteers. His Reign is generally not above fi ix or cighe years, duting which time he receives forty thoufand Ducats per Annum out of the King’s Exchequer. The City Los Reyos hath been of late years very much enlare’d and brought to a 7h et ea moft flourifhing Condition, being exceeding populous , and extending four Conon of Miles in length, and half as much in breadth: In the biggeft Market-place is the *9* City Hall and the Exchange, where all things are brought to be fold. Of the other three Markets, two have their Denominations from St. Ane and St. Facob; the fourth is call’d El Santo de los Cavallos, becaufe nothing but Mules, Affes, and Horfes are fold there. The chief Church is Confecrated to St. John the Evangelift; the other Three to Marcellus, Sebaftian, and Anna, The Francifcans inhabit three Cloy- fkers ; the Dominicans, Augu/tines, and Monks De la Merced, each of them two, befides two coftly Structures for the Je/uits.. Other Orders have alfo five Cloyfters here, viz; the Creation, Conception, the Holy Trinity, St. Jofeph, and St. Clara, the three firft haye each of them a Church built hard by the feveral Cloyfters, Dedicated to the Santas Virgines del Montferratto, Del Prado, and De Loretto. Each Cloyfter contains above two hundred and fifty either Monks or Nuns. Hereare alfo four large Hol- | pitals, the chiefeft whereof call’d Andrias, hath feldom lefsthan four hundred Sick, | which arekept andcur’d on Charity. The fecond is for Peruvians onely, call’d The ‘| Hfofpital of St. Anna, The third, built in honor of the Apoftle St. Peter, is for poor old Clergy-men. ‘The fourth, nam’d The Hou/e cf Love, is for fick Women. Befides thefe there ftands another Struéture near the Walls of the City, Confecratedto La- rarus, where thofe that have the Leprofie are cur’d. The Houle call’d The Holy+ Ghoft, receives all fick and wounded Sea-men. The King maintains twenty four Students at his own Charge in the Royal Colledge, and the Arch-bifhop as many in the Colledge call’d St. Toronius ; but in the Colledge of Se. Martin refide above | fix hundred, which are brought up in all manner of Arts and Sciences. Two hun- dred Students are alfo taught in the high School, where they chufe a new Gover Nor every year. Here alfo is kept the-King’s Treafure, and the Court of Inquifi- tion. The River which wafhes the City Walls runs fo exceeding {wift, that not long fince it carried away a new Stone Bridge with nine great Arches. The Dominican Monks were the firft that Landed on Peru, the firft which came - : Xx 3 thither : f AMERICA. Chap. 1V, thither with Francifco Pizarro being Vincent de Valle Verde, who was follow’d by Sancio Martino, Martino de Efquivele, ‘Dominico de Santto' Thoma, Pedro Ulloa, Alphonfo de Montenegro, Reynaldo Pedraza, and many others, who were ftirr’d up by the report of the Peruvian Riches ; amongft whom were four Francifcans, viz. Pedro Portuguese, Jodoco de los Angelos, Dela Cruiz, and De Sant Anna, who were foon after follow’d by twelve Monks of the Auguftine Order. Anno 1552. Landed alfo at Los Reyos, Colonel Andreas Salazar, accompanied with Antonio Lozano, Juan de Sanéto Petro, Hie ronymo Melendez, Didaco Palamino, Pedro de Efpeda, Andreas Ortega, Juan Canto, Juan Mirecks te- Chamorro, Francifco de Treyas, Fuan Ramirez, and Balthazar Melgarego. Salazar foon hate been _after his Arrival fent the Prieft Juan Ramirez, and Balthazar Melzanego to Guamachuco, i where he Baptiz’d and Inftruéted the Inhabitants in great numbers. Afterwards travelling to Moyabamba, he got a great efteem amongft thofe Idolaters, and (as it goes for currant amongft them) wrought many Miracles, amongft which this is reposted for one : He being inform’d by an old Peruvian, that his Daughter nam’d Curi had hid feveral Idols ; enquiring after it; he tax’d her with what her Father had told him ; which fhe denying, and being rebuk’d by Ramirez, is faid to haye become immediately dumb, to have foam’d at the Mouth, at laft falling down dead like a fecond Saphira in the prefence of many, which caus’d many to forfake their Idolatry. But the Necromancers endeavor’d by all means poffible to raife a difefteem on Ramirez, and with the affiftance of their Mafter the Devil, fo wrought their Inchantments, thatthe Tygers came in great Herds out of the Wilderneffes to Moyabamba, and devour’d not onely Men, Women and Children in the Highs ways, but alfotore them out of their Houfes, yet did not the leaft hurt to any Spas niard ; whereupon Ramirez valiantly went with a Company of his Profelytes to a Herd of Tygers, which when he approached held the Crofs to them, which ic feems fo affrighted the Devil-Tygers, that they climb’d up the Trees. They farther relate (if you will believe them) tomake the Miracle the greater, That Ramirez call’d to the Multitude, faying, Go and revenge the Deaths of your devour'd Pa- vents, Children and Relations ; whereupon he throwing a Stone, and all the reft fol- lowing his Example, the Tygers leap’d out of the Trees, ftood ftill, and fuffer'd themfelves to be kill’d like Lambs. Six years after the foreemention’d twelve Aus guftine Monks follow’d eleven others, who fet Sail out of the Spanifh Haven St. Lacar, and arriving at Peru wenttothe Village Tauca, where they broke the Image of the Goddefs Huarella, being as it were the Peruvian Venus, or Patronefs of amorous De- lights, reported to have given Refponfes from the Wood in which fhe was wots fhipp’d. They alfo deftroy’d the Idol Chanca in the Countrey Conchucos, which be- ing worfhipp’d by the Indians in the fhape of a Man, had yearly a fair Maid, aged fourteen years, given to himin Marriage, a folemn Wedding being kept, and feves ral Sheep kill’d. ; , The Miracle The Augu/tine Monks are believ’d to have wrought alfo another Miracle in the finework. Province Conchucos, upon this occafion : A Conjurer call’d Chaumango, boafted hime felf to be God, deny’d our Saviour, in teftimony whereof he gave out that he would kick a Mountain ‘to pieces, with his Foot ; which Report {preading all over the Countrey,all the adjacent People flock’d to fee this ftrange Wonder onan appointed Day, on which Charimango being, it feems, as good as his word, arid kicking the Mountain, caus’d it to rent from the top to the bottom, and the pieces to flie all abon the People, who were exceedingly amaz’d; but the Sorcerer upon the Augns ftine Monk’s rebukinghim was (asthey affirm) immediately eaten up with Worms. Many other Stories of Miracles go currant amongft them, as of Marco Garcia and Didaco Ortex, driving the Devil from a white Stone which hung overa Fountain ; in MERIDIES maucz Pro OIaLNALAaS ” . a ; ‘ a ee ee = 4 of { ; 7 a P| ' ———_—_— —$$ a aa ae Ghageve 3, AMERICA. 4g jn (biquipalpa, and feveral others, but it would be very impertinent to dwell too jong upon Difcourfes of this nature, efpecially fince we arenot oblig’d to make them a part of our Creed. To conclude our Defcription of this famous Kingdom of Peru, the People there- of at the Spaniards firft Arrival viewing their Shipping, their Guns, and othet Accoutrements, unknown to them before,had them in great admiration ,as Men de- fcended from Heaven ; but when they began to be opprefs’d by their Tyranny, and to be-tortur’d by them, they look’d upon them as the Spawn of Hell, and curs'd the Sea that had brought fo wicked a People to them. LEU E BE Bw GEO Se OLE RET OR REEL RE RENE TS RS CHAP. V. Chile. Defcription pertaining formerly to the Kingdom of Pern, is that of Chile. This is the * ch moft Southerly Province.of the whole Countrey of America, reaching up as | far as the Magellane Straights, with which to the Southward it is bounded; North ward it hath a Defart, and an undifcover’d Countrey lying betwixt it and the Con- fines of Peru, call’d Atacama ; on the Weft it hath Mare del Zur ; and on the Eaft, up to Rio de la Plata, the Atlantick, or North Sea, with fome Countreys undifcover'd, which interpofe betwixt.ic and Paraguay to the North-Eaft : Ir lieth all of it be- yond the Tropick of Capricorn, in a temperate Zone, and extendeth it felf in length ~ from the Borders of Peru, to the Mouth of the Straights five hundred Leagues ot more ; but the breadth of it neither equal nor certain : They fay ‘tis call’d Chile from the word Chil, which fignifies Cold ic {eems in their Language as well as ours, it being generally a cold and bleak Countrey, the Air in many parts of it fo ex- treamly fharp and piercing, that both Horfe and Rider fometimes in travelling are frozen to death, as the Spaniards found by experience in their firft Search and Difco- very of the Countrey, under the Condué of Diego Almagro, who is faid to have left the greateft part of his Men dead behind him: But this is chiefly towards the Andes, and on the Sea-Coaft,the more Inland parts of it,though mountainous alfo in fome parts, yet. are more temperate, and being alfo well water’d with Rivers, are much more fruitfull than the other, affording both Wheat and Maiz, and likewife other Grain, excellent Pafturage in many places, and great ftore of Cartel, Wine, Honey, and not without many and rich Mines both of Gold and Silver, The Natives of this Countrey were found to be the moft ftout and warlike of all the Americans that the Spaniards had hitherto met withal, fighting with them, and oftentimes defeating them in the open Field, furprizing and facking their Towns, and'laft of all taking their Captain and Commander in Chief Prifoner : This was Pedro Baldivia, one of thofe good Men that confented to the death of Attas baliba, the laft King of Pern, after a greater Ranfom accepted ‘and paid, then pers haps the King of Spain could well raife on afudden, if he had occafion co ule it for himfelf. The Arucans (for fo are the People call’d that had him Prifoner) are {aid Pere Baldi- via taken to have Entertain’d him for a while with great Jollity and Feafting, but for his lat Prifonerand put to dearh Draught gavehima Cup of melted Gold, which the poor Man was forc’d to take 0y th ar down, and fo died acruel, though coftly Death. | inti the Coaft of Mare del Zur, or the South Sea, the next great Province Suton 24 The © 472 AMERICA. Chap. V. The whole Province generally is divided firft into Chile, {pecially fo call’d, and fecondly Magellanica, or that part which lieth more Southward down to the Straights of Magellan. | Secr. If. Chile, properly fo call-d. -- ) The Bounds File, {pecially fo call’d, is border’d Northward with the Defart and barren of Chile {pe- a , . cally (° Countrey of Acatama above mention’d; on the South, with Magellanica . on the Weft, with Mare del Zar , Eaftward, andto the North-Eaft, with fome parts of Paraguay, or rather with fome undifcover’d Countreys lying beewixt them both: The length of it from North to South is reckon’d to be little lefs than three hundred Leagues, and generally of a fruitful Soil, affording befides abun- dance of Gold and Silver, both Corn, Cattel, Vineyards, and divers forts of Fruits, equal both for kind and plenty to Spain it felf, and fundry other parts of Europe. The Air likewife temperate, and the Peoplein their Manners and Conditions come much nearer to the Civility, and likewife fubtiley of the Europeans, than other _ Americans did ; which doubtlefs may be attributed to the conformity of the Climates under which they lie, agreeable to chofe of Europe’, though otherwife in ref{peé of the Sphere and Seafons of the Year, there be a diametrical difference betwixt us ; As for Example, their Spring beginning in September, which is our Autumn, and their Autumn in March, which is our Spring ; their longeft Day being that of St. Lucy, on the eleventh of December, which is our fhotteft . and their fhorteft being St. Barna- bas, viz. the eleventh of June, which is out longeft, ec. paws and The Towns of chiefeft note and importance in this Province, are .1. Gopiapo, an Importance. old Town in the moft Northerly parts of this Province towards the Sea, where it hath a very commodious Haven belonging to it. | ) 7 2. La Serena, a Town fituate on the Banks of Coquimbo, a pleafant River a little above its Influx into the Sea, built by Baldivia in the Year 1544. the Countrey about very rich in Mines of Gold, and the Town it felf fo well Garrifon’d for fear of the Natives, that when the Englifh under Sir Francis Drake, about fourfcore years fince, attempted the gaining of the Place, they found hot Service of it, being ftoutly refifted and beaten back again to their Ships, by a Sally of no lefs than three hundred good Horfe and two hundred Foot. 3 3- St. Jago, the principal Town of the Province, a Bifhop’s See, and the ordi- nary Refidence of the Governor, lying on the Banks of the River Tapocalma, in the - thirty fourth Degree of Southern Latitude, fifteen Leagues diftant from the South Sea, at which it hath a very commodious and much frequented Haven, which they, call Valparayfo, and where the Englifh met with better fortune, as hath been faid al- ready in the report of Sir Francis Drake’s Voyage. 4. La Conception, a ftrong Town, feated on the Bay call’d Penco, fixty or feventy Leagues diftant from St. Jago towards the South, a Place not a little fortifi'd both by Nature and Art, having the Bay and a certain Ridge of high Mountains begirt- ing it almoft round about ; and where it is otherwife acceflible, a Caftle, and cer- tain Bulwarks with Ordnance, befides a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers at leaft continually in it,and all lictle enough to defend it againft the Araucanes, their deadly __ Enemies, who live thereabouts, and are ever and anon making Incurfions almoft up tothe Wallsof it. Over againft this Place in Mare del Zur, but very near the Shore, there lieth a certain Ifland call’d St. Maries, exceeding plentiful in ori | . ress an > ae > ee ee 2 ~—— = —o-- = _ — Br _— “pi PATAGoONVMs™ « ~ . - = = a . : . = : ~~ “ ' = = = > a * rr . Se — ee ee oo, — , = _ a ae rs . a 7 + pa * : : aie ’ - —— —_— —— " a - _ Pa - —- = ae — = < — ~ Ts —_ - ) r -sa—- @ =e a : ——— 2 = a] = = —" —— _ —— - "= = = = = = 5 - r * = = — 7: « * “~~ —-—x +s - = ~ ~ —_ — - a - - - = < ———< — ~= - = one 3 — ™“ : < : r ; > a Pw _" —> 5 —i 3 re eS G- Iye + gt age oe { - i” i EO a at ~_— r —— ee t er . i me " — ee Oh ao © ee —a- ’ - Chap. V. © e*@MERICA. and.all forts of Poultrey, which the Garrifon of La Conception make good ufe of, 5- Los Confines, a Fronteer Town, built by the aforelaid Baldivia, for defence of the rich Mines of Gold at Angol, a Place near adjoyning. ‘ 6. La Imperiale, another ftrong Garrifon of this Place on the Banks of the River (auten, near to which that great Battel was fought, where Baldivia, with divers other Soldiers, were taken Prifoners, who were no otherwife overcome, but by be- ing overewearied with killing of their Enemies, ‘and by that means not able to make their Retreat. 7. Villarica, another Colony of the Spaniards in thefe Parts, fixteen Leagues di- ftant from Imperiale, and twenty five from the Sea. a 8. Baldivia, {fo nam’d from the Commander Pedro Baldivia, who built it in the Valley of Gaadallanquen, two or three Leagues diftant from the Sea, where it hath a sood and capacious Port; but nearer to it the beft Mines of Peru, fo rich, that’tis faid they yielded Baldivia every day fo long ashe could enjoy them, twenty five thoufand Crowns. _ | g- Oforno, a Town lying in the Bay of Chilue in a barren Soil,but otherwife nei- ther lefs rich, nor lefs populous than Baldivia it felf. Thefe three laft mention’d Towns, viz, Baldivia, Imperiale, and Oforno, were in the Years 1596, 1699, and 1604, furpriz’d by the Araucanes, and other Salvages confederate with them, fack’d and burnt, and though the Spaniards be {aidto have recover’d and Garrifon'd fome of them withefrefh Soldiers, yet how long they were able to hold them,or whether they be Mafters of them at this day, we cannot fay. 10. Ca/tro, the moft Southerly Town of the whole Province, built ona certain Ifland within the Bay of Chilue. ; 11. Mendoza ; and 12. St. Juande la Frontera, both which lie towards Paraguay and Rio dela Plata, but onthe other fide of the Andes, forty T.eagnes diftant from any of thofe we have {poken of, and perhaps more, not above a hundred from Buenos Ayres, and the Atlantick Ocean. | : Sect. Ill. _ Magellanica. AY) ees the other part of this Province, is bounded Northward, with Chile abovefaid, and fome parts of the Countrey De la Plata ; on the South, with the narrow Sea call’d Magellans Straights ; having Mare del Zur on the Weft, and on the Eaft the Atlantick Ocean. It contains in length from the Borders of Chile to the Mouth of the Straights, a hundred Leagues, and in breadth from the North to the South Sea, fomewhat more, viz. towards Chile and the North-Weft parts of it, for towards the South and South-Weft it ftraitens ftill more and more, infomuch that they who refemble the Southern part of America to the form of a Py- tamid revers’d, make this part of the Countrey to be the Spire or top thereof. - It beareth the Name from Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguefe, who firft difcover’d that narrow Sea, fo famoufly known by the Name of Magellans Straights. Icis a large Countrey, and {uppos’d not to be altogether barren of Metals; but as yet no great Difcovery hath been made of it, partly by reafon of the exceffive Cold to which ’tisthought to be fubject, and partly perhaps by reafon of the difficulty of the Enterprize, it being fo far remote, and very hardly paffable in many places, by teafon of the huge Mountains the Andes, which bar it as it were againft all Adven- turers; but chiefly by reafon of the ftoutnefs and untameablenefs of the ene : an 473 Situation and Defcription of Afagella~ ni Che — 174 AME RECESS 7 ieee and other Natives of Chile, through whofe Countrey the March lieth, and who muft firft be conquer’d, fo that very little can be faid more Of this Countrey, than wee tes, Q¢ly to name the Ports and Places upon the Sea-Coafts, at which the Spaniards, and Suagies and likewile fome other Nations at feveral times have touched, the chief whereof upon the South Sea are, 1. Cabo de las Ilas, a Promontory or Foreland, twenty fix Leagues diftant from that of St. Felixon the Confines of Chile. | | 3 2. Puerto de San Stephano, fifty Leagues from that, towards the South. 3. La Villa de Nueftra Sennora, or Our Ladies Dale, a large and fecure Bay, eighteen Leagues Southward of St. Stephens. i 4. La Punta Deglada ; 5. Puerto de los Reyos ; and 6. Ancona Sin Salida, all of them opening towatds the Straights. Thereis alfo at the opening of the Straights, Cabo de la Vittoria, Cabo Deffeado, and fome others: ; win | Upon the North Sea, and up towards Rio de la Plata, the chief Places obfervable, are 16 Riodela Crux, and the Cape which they call De las Rameras, about thirty Leagues diftant from the Straights Mouth. | | 2» The Bay of St. Julian, forty Leagues Northward of the former. 3 BPPuerto Deffeado ; 4. Puerto de los Leones ; 5. The Bay of Anegada, all of them good and capacious Havens for the fecurity of Shipping upon thefe Coafts, and lying at a diftance of thirty ox forty Leagues one ftom another, up towards Rio de la Plata, and the Countrey of Paraguay, of which we are next to fpeak. | Defsiption AAS for the Straights themfelves,fo mtuch fpoken of,and likewife fo neceflary to be of the Magel- | ‘an Straights. Known’ by thofe who Frequent thefe parts of the World, they are a narrow Sea or Frith, by which the Atlantick Ocean, or rather fome parts of it, doth fall into Mare del Zur, or the South Sea : the Paflage is long, running, as ‘tis commonly fuppos’d, well nigh a hundred Leagues together, almoft in a paralel Line, or in the fame Degree of Latitude from one end to the ather ; and likewife extreamly difficult by xeafon of the many windings and turnings of the Sea, which force them to be ever and anon altering of their Courfe, and a mountainous high Countrey‘on both fides of it, from whence it is almoft continually beaten with Storms, both dangerous and terrible: They were firft difcover’d by Ferdinand Magellan, by Nation a Portu- guefe, but in the Service of the King of Spain, and by him nam’d Magellan’s Straights ; who although himfelf liv’d not to return into Spain, being flain in the Conqueft of the Molucca Mlands, yet his Companions did, in the Ship call’d Vittoria, from whence the Cape De la Vittoria abovefaid took its Name. The Mouth or Entrance of them, by the Atlantich Ocean, lies in fifty two Degrees of Southern Latitude, and hath not above fifty three and fome Minutes at the Exit, or opening into the South Sea. ; | te: he vin . There is likewife fince this, and but of late times, viz, about the Year 1615. ano- 7 ther Straight difcover’d by the Dutch, and call’d from the Difcoverer Fretdm Mairi, ot The Straights of le Maire, four or five Degrees more to the Southward than thofe of Magellan, and {uppos’d to be a much eafier and {afer Paflage. The Intention by the difcovery of thefe Straights, was to have found a fhorter Way to the Faft-Indies, and the Kingdoms of Cathay and China, than that which was then onely us'd, viz, by the Cape de Buena Speranza, and the Coaft of Africk, but by reafon of the great difficulty, as *tis to be fuppos'd, and uncertainty of the Paflage, neither the one mor the other is’ much frequented, the Spaniards for the moft part ferving themfelves of their American Ports upon the South Sea, from whence they make their Voyages and Returns to and from the other Indies and from thence home to Spain; and the Englifh, with other Nations of Europe, Trading ftill by the Coaft of Africkand Cape of Good Fiope, or elfe by the way of Alexandria and the Perfian Gulf, as heretofore, Pate ay. Saas CHAP, A \ iil ila F \ * { = aN: = == ‘FE PARAQVARI : . eS —-_ : a eee, Chap. VI: AMERICA. 475 Dee SASS Se Se Bie St 9s Ss SS Se ets SRAM RS iy os Kr Se bao HP ry ty t4> Sib Se ir ie i> re Se CHAP. VI. Paraguay, or Rio de la Plata. VV" have feen in Magellanica the fartheft, that is, the moft Southerly part ~ | | of the New World, and before it in order all che Weftern Coafts of America that lie either upon or towards Mare del Zur, viz, from Pa- nama, the firft Province of this Southern part dowh as fat.as the Straights. We are now to return and take a view of the Eaftern Coafts, and thofe Countreys which lieupon the Atlantick Ocean, ftecring our Courfe henceforth Northward, not di- rectly, but. as the Coaft leads us for a while Eaftward and by North, forafmuch as the Land of America, from the Straights of Magellan up as far as Brafile, and almof to the A’quator, runneth out with a long Point, little lefs than three thoufand Leagues together. The firft Province we-meet with on this fide next to Magellanica, is the Countrey Situation and of Paraguay, oftentimes call’d Rio dela Plata, from the Name of an huge River, of Paraguay; which runneth for the moft part through the midft of it: It is bordet’d, as we Pie faid, to the South and towards the Straights with Magellanica ; on the Eaft, with the Atlantick Ocean ; more Northward, orto the North-Eaft, it hath Brajile ; and on the Weft thofe undifcover'd Countreys of the Province of Chile, of which we have {poken: | | The Countrey on both fides the River is reported to be a very lufty and fruitful Soil, bearing befides thofe which are proper and native, all forts of European Fruits and Grain in great abundance, with Sugar-Canes, both large and good, as any other Province of the New World. Nor is it excell’d by any other for good Pafturage and great Herds of Cattel, Sheep, and Swine ; in particular, Horfes are faid to have multiply’d fohere, that of thirty Mares, and about fix or feven Stal- lions, which the Spaniards left there, in forty years the whole Countrey thereabouts was fill’d with the Breed of them, running wild in great Companies together, through all the Woods and Forrefts of the Countrey, and being of excellent Met tle and Service if they could betam’d. {t affordeth likewife great ftore of wild Deer and Stags, fome Lyons, Tygers, wc. nor is it without good Mines, fome both of Gold and Silver ; but chiefly, as to what is yet difcover’d, of Brafs, and Iron; and the People altogether falvage. The River De la Plata, which (as we {aid before) divides this Countrey, is one TM River De of the largeft of the whole World, rifing, as “tis fuppos'd, out of the Lake call’d De los Xarayes, three hundred Leagues or more within Land, and falling into the Atlantick Ocean, or North Sea, in thirty four Degrees of Southern Latitude, with an Eftuary oc Mouth of thirty, or two and thirty Leagues over. The whole Countrey is ufually fubdivided into three inferior Provinces, which ate 1. Rio dela Plata properly fo call’'d.2. Tucuman. 3. La Cruxide Sierra. eit. AMERICA. Chap. VI, SecrT. Il. Rio de la Plata, properly fo calld. Pla po : eth ic felf on both fides the River, in length many Leagues together, but not anfwerable in breadth. tows and The chiefeft Towns of noteinthis Province, are 1. Buenos Ayres, by fome call’d we.” La Trinidad, on the Southern Banks of the River De la Plata, fixty four Leagues, as they fay, from the Mouth of it : It is feated commodioufly at the foot of a little Mountain, and fortifi'd with a Mud-Wall, a little Caftle, and fome Pieces of Ordnance. 3 | 2. San Fe, in Englifh St. Faiths, fifty Leagues above Buenos Ayres, upon the fame River, and a richer Place, chiefly by reafon of their Cloth, of which there is here one of the greateft Manufactures of all thefe parts of Peru. elt 3. Nucftra Sennora de la Affumption, commonly call’d Affumption onely, lying yet higher up the River almoft a hundred Leagues, a-well built and well frequented Town, long fince inhabited by two hundred Families at leaft of natural Spaniards, befides Meffixos, asthey call them, which are the Breed of Spaniards by the American People, Men or Women, and Mulattos, which are likewife their Race, but begotten upon Negro’s, of both which there are réckon’d to be hete fome thoufands. 4. La Cividad Real,or more commonly call’d Ontiveros; fourfcore Leagues Norths ward from Affumption, feated on the Banks of the River Parana in a fruitful Soil, as the Countrey generally is about all thefe Places; but the Air hereabouts is not fo healthful. pa j- St. Anne, upon the fame River ; and 6: St. Salvador. Situation of R’* dela Plata, properly fo call’d, is that part of the Countrey which extend. Sec. III. Tucuman. Siuaton of V V Eftward of La Plata lieth the Countrey of Tucuman,extending it felf as far as the Borders of Chile, a Countrey not yet well difcover'd either | to the North orthe South. That part of it which lieth towards Chile is well Manur’d and Husbanded, and likewife very fruitful ; but that to- wards Magellanica, neither the one, nor the other, remaining altogether untill’d and barren. hy 7 The chief Towns and Places of note, are 1. St. Jago de Ejffeco, the principal Town of the Province, and a Bifhop’s See, feated upon the River Efteco, a hundred and fourfcore Leagues diftant from Buenos Ayres. hit Dies 22 St» Michael de Tucuman, feated at the foot of a huge rocky Mountain, but of note, otherwile in a Soil the fruitfulleft and beft, both for Corn and Pafturage, in all this Countrey, twenty eight Leagues diftant from St. Jago. | 3- Lalavera, or Nueftra Sennora de Talavera, as the Spaniards callit, fituate upon the Banks of Salado, in a good Soil, and inhabited by an induftrions People, grown ex- ceeding rich and wealthy, chiefly by their Manufactures of Cotton-Wooll, where- of they have great plenty, and by which they drive a Trade as far as the Mines at Potofi, and other parts of Peru. | 4. Corduba, another rich Town of this Province, and of great Trade, aslying at Ce. i as | at By ef % Pi + + i. “ t , 4 ; ¥ ‘s a _ ne 5 a \ les J ae 1 : \ - \ , - a a Se » A ae. } t. : ae =>" > = = 6 = ver ~ a TO = ST ee ee --— a wes Oe, ‘ ~~ Chap. Vil AMERICAZ op 477 at an equal diftance, viz. of fifty Leagues, both From Sai Fe, as they call it, or’ St. Faiths inthe Province of La Plata abovelaid, and from St. Juan. dela Frontera in the Country of Chile, and almoft in the Road-way from Potofi ‘and thofe parts of Peru, to Buenos Ayres and the North Sea, — peas Ce §- Chocinoca ; 6. Sococha ; 7. Calebinda ; 8. Morata, and others, but belonging for the moft part to the reduced Natives. S EC Te IV. ge La Crux de Sierra: A Crux de Sierra is a little Territory (at leaft in comparifon to fome others), Situation of lying towards Peru,and reckon’d by fome for one of the Provinces of Pery : Siar. F It lieth betwixt the two great Rivers Paraguay and Guapay, a hundred Leagues diftant, as tis faid, from Charcas, to which yet in fome Caufes it is fubor- dinate. iS + . The Soil of this Countrey is abundantly fertile in all forts of American Fruits, befides good plenty both of Wheat and Maiz, and (carfity of nothing ufeful for Man’s Life, unlefs it be trefh Water in fome places. The chief Towns of this Province, are 1. San. Crux, ficuate at the foot of a HL She edi ath Mountain or Hill, but opeing upon a large Plain, whofe thirfty drinefs is well ree vince. freth’d by a certain Brook or: Torrent, which iffueth out of a neighboring Moun- tain, and a few Leagues diftant fromthe Town maketh a pretty Lake, which fups plieth the:'Countrey thereabouts, both with frefh Water and Fifh’in good plenty. (2. Barranea, a Town fappos’d to be not above threefcore Leagues diftant from Potofi. an, | | aera) a oe - Nova Rivia, once a Colony of Spaniards, but fack’d arid fpoil’d by the Salvages of thefe Parts about the Year 1548. and the firft Difcoveror of the Countrey,namely Nunno deShaves, treacheroufly murder’d by'a Native, fince which time ‘tis faid to have been deferted. | Se oF WS cae a | Lb adswnbilernc? sii cusoe LRRRTERRG ELEN OER ALBERS BELLE EE OBIS OIG EE BS, t . - , Rafile by Capralis call’d San Cruz, becaule it was difcoyer’d on the Day dedi: pee cated to the holy Crofs, but generally Brajile, fromthe red- Wood, which it % sai. produces in great abundance, extends, according to the Account of the Portuguefe, between the Rivers’ Maranon'and Dela Plata : But according td the Di- vifion which Pope Alexander the Sixth made upon the Approbation of the Kings of Caftile and Portugnefe, Brafile extends not fo far; for it begins in the North along the Stream “Para, and ends at the River Capybora, two Leagues beyond the Town St. Vincent : Eaftward it is wafh’d by the Northern Océan, and on the Weft fepara- ted from Peru by defolate Mountains: It lies between 4 and 22 Degrees of Sou- thern Latitude. Hiftoriographers differ mich concerning the firft Difcoverer ; but Without contradiGion the firft honor belongs juftly to Americus Vefputins, who being fent out by Ferdiaand, King of Cajtile, in the Year 1497. arriv’d firft with four Sail | Yy at AMERICA Chap. VIL. ——————————— se =— i as SS S=== a SS ——E SS = | a ay * —— at Brafile; whither he was follow’dtwo years after by Vincent Aynex Pinzon, Aflocie ate to Chriftopher Columbus ; but with ill fuccefs, for two of the Ships were caft away in a Storm, and the other two return’d fadly weathersbeaten into the Spanifh Haven Palos, yet not before he had. made a farther Difcovery of@Brafile than Americus Ve[pu- Puro Atoa= tins. which fo ftirr’d up Emanuel, King of Portugal, that he fent Pedro Alvarez Capralis rex Capralis or gent thither with five hundred Men in thirteen Ships, that fo he might get‘fure footing on Brafile ; where Landing he ereéted a Stone Grofs, and inform’d the King of his whole Proceedings by Ga/per Lemnius, with whom he fent over two Brafiliais,a Man and a Woman, the ftrangenefs of whofe Garb caus’d great admiration in ‘Portugal amongft the Spectators : the Man, having a flat Nofe, went ftark naked, and in his nether Lip hung a Stone call’d Matara ; through each Cheek, there was ftuck a piece of Brafile Wood, on his Shoulders he carry’d three long Darts, and on his Head he wore divers colour’d Feathers; the Hair about his Privities was all pluckt out, and his Membrum Virile ty’d about with a String call’d Tacoaynhaa, which heunty’d when he Urin’d; his Body was ftrong and well proportion’d, and paint. ed with feveral’Colours. The Woman wore a Lappet girt about her Middle, in which Girdle'ftuck a Cane Tobacco-pipe ; the Lappet reach’d juft tothe top of her Knees, the reft of her Body wasalfo naked#; on her Head fhe wore'a broad Hat made of Feathers, on the top of which ftuck two Plumes; in her Ears hung Bells, and about her Neck three Strings of Pearl; and her Body was alfo painted with red and yellow Colours. Lemnins alfo gave fo much Information concerning the fruitfulnefs of Brafile, that.feveral Portugue/e Families went. thither, accompanied with fome Italian Fryers, which fcattering up and down, began to build feyeral Villages, but were foon after moft of them kill'd-and eaten up by the Indians. Anno 1549. King Jobn the Third fitted out a great Fleet, which fet Sail from Lisbon under the Command of Thomas de Sofa. h Fjurs fer Alfothe Jefuits A/pilcueta, Antonio Pireo, Leonardo Nonno, Didaco Jacobo, Vincent Rode- to Brafile by Pope, Pauli ico, and Emanuel Robrega, were fent thither by Pope Paulus the, Third, and Ignatius ‘enatints’ Loyola, whofe Fleet came to an Anchor in the Bay afterwards call’d Gahia de Todos | pit a is ae — Sané¥os, Chap. VII. «eo MERICA | Sanétos, where Sofa.built the City Salvador , fince which the Portuguefe have fpread themfelves farther and farther over Brafile. ©. tithe. “sy The United Netherlands alfo fent Colonies thither with good fuccels, for they: took.’ feveral vaft Countreys from the Portuguefe, by force of Arms, and built new Forts and Towns in feveral places. But we will firft give you a general Deftription.of it, that fo we may the better render a Relation in particular of every. Province 3" thereof, it being a confiderable partof the New World, and both pleafant and. fruit. ™* ful, and the Sea-Coafts refrefh’d by Eafterly Winds, which begin before Day- break, whenthe North Sea ebbs or flows, for then the Wind rifes with the Sun, and continues till Mid-night : Towards the Weft, where the Mountains divide Brafile from Peru, it is made temperate by Wefterly Winds, which though judg’d unwhol- fom, becaufe they feem to arife out of the Moorifh Grounds, yet they hurt not the Inhabitants along that Coaft, becaufe they cither break againf the high Moun- tains, or are driven by the ftrong Wind which blows from the Sea. | io. The difference between Summer and Winter, fhorter and longer Days, inthe main part of Brafile,is {carce difcernable, warm Weather lafting all the year round : and for the length of the Day and Night, the Sun being hid under the Horizon twelve hours, fhines for the moft part juft as long, the greateft difference never : being above an hour. Three hours before Day-break the Dew makes it exceeding cold till Sun-rifing ; wherefore the Brafilians make Fires in the Night neat their Hammocks, not onely to keep wild Beafts from them, but alfo againft the Cold. After the coldeft Nights follow the faireft Days, and the contrary after fultry Nights ; neverchelefs (except in the rainy Seafon, which begins with March and ends about Augu/?) the Skye is generally clear, yet it Lightens much towards the Evening. - Rainbowes often appéar in the Skye, and bout the Mooon Halos. The Rain generally falls in great Drops, and with a2 mighty noife; before which iris generally very fultry hot, or elfe foonafter. The Dew, which is fruit- fuller than in Europe, is faltifh, which makes it oft to rot things that lie in the open Air. During the rainy Moneths, a South-Eaft Winds blows from a cloudy Skye, much ftronger than the Northern in Summer. The South-Eaft Wind drives the Stream tothe North, as the North Wind drives it tothe South : And more than this, there is little to be difcern’d of the Seas ebbing and flowing hereabouts: At the higheft Tides the Brajilians go feveral Leagues from the Shore to Fifh, upon Planks made of the fpungy Wood call’d Jangada faftned together. The Sea, which feems to burn in the Night, is fo clear inthe Day, that the Fifh may be feen to {wim above twenty Fathom deep. A calm Ocean when the Days and Nights are of an exaét length, and efpecially when dark Clouds appear, is a certain ign of a dreadful Storm. At Full or New-Moon the Sea rifes twelve Foot, and con- tinues either a longer or fhorter time, according as it is more or lefs turbulent, and the Rivers fall ftronger or more gently into the fame. Before moft part of the Coaft of Brajfile lies a Stone Cliff of above twenty or thirty Paces broad, which is never cover’d with Water, though in the time of Spring-floods. In this Cliff Nature in feveral places hath made a Gap, through which the Ships fail near the Shore, and ride {afe atan Anchor, : The whole Countrey of Brafile is divided into thirteen Prafectures, ot Lord- fhips, and hath about as many Rivers, which more or le{s empty themfelves into every one of thefe Countreys. The Eafterm part hath feveral Brooks and Foun- tains, which afford good’ Water both for Man and Beaft. In fome parts the Water is fo ftrong, that the wild Beafts making themfelves Drunk therewith, are eafily taken. During the Winter Seafon the Rivers glide with great’ force, and {wellona = - y 2 fudden, 479. - © = . » - ~ a —_, oe —— - + ye. r — a < -< 4 ‘~ a - = : = ’ om a _ 7 a Pa a - or — a => =) o— - - =. © —~ ~¢ = o — . —— are — =< > | So a ae i . ae al -_ " —, AMERICA Chap. Vii! fudden, overflowing all the neighboring Countrey, onely the River San Francifco runs ftrongeft and -rifes higheft in the Summer Seafon, whenas in the Winter it flows low, and pouresbut little Water into the Ocean. The originalof this Ri- ver is as yet unknown, yet is by moft believ’d to come out of a great Lake lying near, the Peruvian Mountains : The Hollanders, who {ail’d forty Leagues up the fame, found it every where broad and deep, and {catter’d full of Ifles and Rocks. The Portuguefe failing ten Leagues farther, difcover’d the great Rocks Cocoeras, from which the faid River falls down with great violence, and extends it felf North. Weft. Inthe other Brajilian Streams, though wide at the Mouthes, which generally are not above two or three hours walking from their Fountains or Springs; no Barqiie is able to Row up, they being exceeding fhallow, although much Rain falls into them ; the reafon whereof is becaufe the barren Mountains lying bee tween Brajileand Peru, difcharge abundance of Water through the Rivers of Ama zones, Maranon, Francifco, La Plata, and the Juaeiro, with fuch force into the Ocean, The Nature of the Soil, that they keep their {weetnefs for thirty Leagues. Near the Sea fide are f{eye- ral Lakes and Pits which are drinkable, and others up in the Countrey that are brackifh. The Countrey differs exceedingly, for where it extends in Plains the Soil is fat and clayie, and produces all forts of Fruit, but efpecially Sugar-Canes. During the rainy Seafons the Trees flourifh moft ; after which the heat of the Sun, and fer- tility of the Soil {peedily ripen the Fruit : wherefore they Dung not their’ Land, but on the contrary endeavor to make itlean with Sand, that the Plants might not have too many Leaves, and wither before the Fruit can be ripened. They Sowe in the beginning of the rainy Moneths, and efpecially take cate that the Seed lie not too deep in the Ground, becaufe then the Sun-beams being not able to come at it, fuffer it to perifh in the cold Ground. The high Cocoa and Palmito-Trees, are tran{planted all the year round, the Roots being onely cover’d with a little Earth, becaufe they can endure no cold. Several Trees here beara cooling Fruit, as if kind Nature took care to provide againft exceffive heat. | ra All manner of Plants and Herbs brought hither from Angola, Portugal,the Nether- lands, and the Eaft-Indies, grow here very plentifully. But the Countrey generally would be much better, if fome way could be found out to deftroy the innumera- ble company of Pifmires, which though three times bigger than the European, re- femble them very much, and cover the Paths in Woodsand Fields for three or four Miles together ; and raifing Hillocks,make them hollow,and fill them with Corn : in the Full of the Moon they gather an incredible quantity of Grain, which they bite at each end, becaufe it fhould not fprout : againft the rainy Moneths they ftop Defcription of the Ta- manda. up their Holes, that the Water may not damnifie their Store. But thefe Animals have a mortal Enemy of the Tamanda, of which there are two forts, the bigger call’d Guaca; the lefler Miri ; the Guaca, notwithftanding it is no bigger than an or- dinary Dog, yet it deftroys Tygers, and other wild Beafts, with fuch a raging fury, that it never lets go what once it hath got hold of, but holds it-faft fo long till fomee times it dies of Hunger. The Guaca differing from the Miri onely in bignels, hath a broad Tail full of grey and black Briftles, which fticks up when he is vex’d, but when he goes to fleep, covers himfelf with the fame. The Miri winds his long fmooth Tail about the Boughs, by which hanging he fearches the Holes in the Trees with his Tongue, which being thin and round, hath a Gutter in the middle, in which when it feels any Pilmires, it fuddenly {wallows them down: If he per- ecives them to have their Nefts under Ground, then he {eratches up the Earth,and puts Chap: Vise AMER IC 2. 481 puts his Tongue in at the Holes. Both the Guacu and Miri have a thick Skin, and-a broad black Streak from their Breafts on each fide up half way their Bodies, and through the black runs alfo a white Streak. No Beaft inthe World is hardier than - this, for though it fafts twelve days, and is afterwards flay’ d alive, yet it will live . feveral hours after. ‘The Lakes in Brafile are for the moft part overgrown: with Weeds juft like a Field, yet are exceeding full of Fifh and Fow!. Where the Sea ruins into the Lakes, great multitudes of Crabs are feen crawling alongthe Ground, and the Oyfters hang in Clufters on the Boughs of a Plant call’d Manyle or Mangues, which grow the place with their Roots either near or in the Water, in fuch a manner, that new Hades iit fill fhoot from the old Roots, which prevents eafie accefs to the chief Plant, on whofe uppermoft Leaves after Sun-rifing fticks very white Salt, which in the Night, or in a cloudy Day turns toa brackifi Dew. Moreover, thoft places where Brafile rifes with Hills and Mountains, are likewife very fruitful, except the barren tops of forne, which feem to kifs the Skyes; and though the fruitful Mountains flourifh in the time of the rainy Months, yet many of the Trees which grow on them die in Summer, and their Afhes being burnt by the Inhabitants, are us’d in ftead of Dung. Some Woods extend themfelves three hundred Leagues in length, and are full of Trees, fo tall, that an Arrow fhot upwards falls fhort of the top of them, and a Boat may be made out of the Body, whichcan carry a hundred and fifty Men. On the great Boughs of thefe mighty Trees grow other. excrefcent Shrubs after the manner of Mille ltoe, which proceed from the Kernels fwallow’d and-muted upon them by the Birds that light there. In fome places alfo grow alfo Sweet-wood Trees, which afford either excellent Gums or Wood to Dye with ; amongft which the chief is the Ibiripitanga, which yields the Brafile Wood, that gives Denomination of Brafile to this vaft Tra& of Land. The Tree Ibripitanga is Delrintion : tall and fpreading, hath fad colour’d Bark full of fhort Thorns, the Leaves are “pias. green, and differ in form bit little from the Box-Tree Leaf, the Boughs fhoot forth other leffer, full of yellow and fweet-fmelling Flowers, which falling off are fucceeded by a flat long Cod, of a dark grey colour, full of little red Pulfe; the upper part of the Tree is not good to Dye with, bot onely the lower part oe the Body, which becaufe the Tree grows far up in the Countrey, is not tranfport- able without much trouble, But the Tatai-iba grows in the Woodsalong the Shore; {The Tree the Bark being of an Afh-colour, invefts a yellow Wood ; the Leavesare {harp and notch’d, the Fruit not unlike Mulberries, pale, juicy, aind full of white Seed ; the Wood boyl’ d Dyesa pure Yellow. It is obfervable not otiely of this Tree, but generally of the Trees of this Countrey, that they neither flourifh, nor fled theit Leaves all over at once; nor do feveral Trees of the fame kind, and growing here germinate or fade together; for whileft one is fulleft of Blofloms, the othet is without Leaves ; and whileft the fame Tree theds its Leaves on one fide, the other fide is newly Budded. The European Plants and Herbs with: foft Roots, being once Planted in Brafile, come to be hard and lignifi’d. There is alfo great difference, according td thie Ground in which they are Planted , for fuch Plants and Trees as in the Plains are but {mall and tender, grow ten elites higher if Planted inthe Woods. » All forts of Indian Pulfe grow higher than the talleft’ Trees, like high Arbors; under which both Men and Beafts may fhelter themfelves from the Sun or Rain, We find not upon Record or Tradition, that Brafile was ever troubled with an Earthquake, which is the reafon that it ith neither Silver nor Gold-Mines, becaufe fulphurous Fires are found under Ground, which are a caufe of the conan of The Nature of the Brafili- ANS. Their manner of Living, AMERICA, Chap. VII. Hall Gold and Silver, fo likewife they occafion Earthqiakes ? yet in that pare of Brafile call’d Ceara, there are fome Mines of Silver, out of which the Hollanders would have got greater Riches, had not they been employ’d in the Wars againft the Portugue/e. Far up into the Countrey amongft the Mountains, inhabit Canibals,or Maneeaters, The Europeans that firft travell’d that way, found the Countrey very fertile and full of People, efpecially inthe Valleys, but fomewhat incommoded by the want of Water, and the exceffivenefs of the Heat in the Day, and of the Cold in the Night. In fome places the Countrey is fo over-grown with Brambles, that they are forc’d to cut their way through the fame. But there are a fort of Thiftles, which having concave Leaves, receive the Dew and Rain for the accommodation of the Natives. Befides Serpents and Dragons, the Tygers are moft of all to be fear’d when hungry, but once fatisfi’d are eafily. taken. Dogs, Oxen, Sheep, and Horfes thrive alfo exceedingly in moft parts of Brafile, The Brafilians live to be very old without being Bald or Grey : There are fel: dom or never to be feen {quintsey’d, lame, decrepid, or any deformed People, nots withftanding the Children are never Swath’d but thrown into cold Water as foon as born. The Men generally have a very near refemblance one-with another, as alfo the Women, fo that there is not fuch a difference betwixt Man and Man there, as amongft other People, Thereis {carce any Sicknefs heard of in thefe Parts; for befides a long Life, they enjoy the benefit of Health fo long as they live. They trouble not themfelves with much Bufinefs ; and in one Hut, whofe Covering con- fifts of Palm-Leaves, dwell feveral Families together. The general Bread of the Brafilians is the ftamp’d Root Mandiboka ; befides which they alfo eat all manner of Fruitand Plants, and many times Flefh, which they either eat boyl’d, broyl’d, or flew'd; their Boyling is after this manner: Firkt they kindle their Fire with two Sticks, the one of hard,and the other of foft Wood; the hard they make fharp at theend, and fix the fame into the foft, which fetting on fire they immediately lay Cotton thereupon, or elfe dry Leaves, and fo boyl the Flefh in round Earthen Pots call’d Camu : but they account that better which is ie ftew’'d ‘Chap. VIL. AMERICA 483 ‘in clofe on the top with Rarthand Leaves, they make : ‘be fufficiencl y ftew'd. Their Broyl- s0ver Which they lay feve- 3 broyl’d is oa they make up Both with their Plefh and Fith they eat ci L of the Root Mandiboka, which they taking up ir Mus the leaft {crap feveral Meals after a few days ftanding turns to a darker colour, and is ftrong enough to make Aftronomers of thofe that drink largely of it, but if long kept, it turns to be excel They have another Drink call’d: Aipy, which is made two feveral ways, the firft is thus: An old:Toothlefs Woman chews the little cut. Root Aipimacaxera toa a Pap call’d Caracu, which {pitting ina Pot they pour Water on the fame, and after- wards boyling ic leifurely, ftirring it all the time it ftands over the Fire. The other way of making this Aipu, which is much the more cleanly, is to boyl the faid Root fo long, till ic comes to be like Butteremilk, and then letting it Rand till'it hach done working, it will be no unpleafant Drink. “Another fort of Drink amongft them is their Pacobi, made of the Fruit of the Tree Pacobebe and Pacobucu ; befides others made of the Tice Abatu, of Indian Bar- ley and Maiz. Alfo their Liquor call’d Jeticé is prefs’'d out of Potato-Roots. In like manner the Plant Nana, by the Portuguefe call’d Anaras, makes the Drink Nanai, which is exceeding ftrong and heady, but good againft Faintnefs, Vomite ing, Gravel, and ftoppage of Urine, as alfo againft Poyfon. | The Tapuiyans, fur-named Cariri, meet at a certain time to make the Liquor Theit Debos dipu, whereof each takes as muchto his Hut as fallsto his fhate, and when it hath “” ‘done working, they begin in the Morning very early at che firft Houfe in the Vil- lage, and drink out every drop which they find there, and fo from Houfe to Houfe till they have drunk one another drie’; and he is look’d upon to be the beft Man that hath drunk and evacuated moft. uk The Brafilians take generally very ftrong Tobacco, which they firftdrie in the ner of Taka Sun, and afterwards before the Fire, the better to rub itin pieces: Their Tobacco= 7° pipe is a Cane and a hollow Nut cut off at the top, and 2 round Hole bor’d in the middle, into which they put the Cane. They forbear not to take Tobacco even in the midft of their religious Ceremonies, which are perform’d with Singing and Dancing in this manner : | The Tapuaiyans making a round Ring at an equal diftance one from another, all Siac 4 of them being ftark naked,tie divers colour’d Plumes of Feathers on theit back-fides tics. with : ~~ Their Arms. AMERICA | Chap. VIE witha String made faft on their left Shoulders and about their Waftes ; about their Legs they have Cotton Garters; each in his turn bowing to the Left; ftretches down his left Hand to the Ground, and puts his right Hand in between the Strings,which tie the Plume of Feathers,and ftamps continually with his right Foot, whileft all the reft begin to Sing a doleful Song, which by degrees they change into a merry one, not without fome appearance of underftanding the Art of Mufick. Their Songs contain firft a mournful Relation of a general Deluge, which drowned their Predeceffors, all but fome few, who efcap’d by climbing up high Trees and Mountains ; next the Aéts of thofe old Heroes from whom they boaft themfelves Extracted, who loft their Lives, or valiantly fought for the publick good, and were rewarded with the enjoyment of all pleafures and Delights,of Sing- ing, Playing, Dancing, and che like, in a remote Countrey, whither after their Deaths they hope tobe tranflated: Whileft they thus Sing over all their Songs, three Priefts ftand in the middle of the Ring, each holding the Idol Maraka (in their left Hand) refembling an old Oftritch’s Egg ftuck full of Feathers on the top : about their Waftes they wear a Girdle of rich Plumes, on their Heads alfo a Crown of Feathers, the middle Prieft looks with a ftern Countenance, and holds up his left Leg from the Ground, whileft the other two ftanding on each fide of him, hold in their right Hands a Pipe,out of which blowing Tobacco-fmoak in one anothers Faces,they utter thefe words, Receive the Spirit of heroick Strength > The Dance ended, they Entertain their Priefts with Meat and Drink eight days together, and alfo put Meat before their Idol Maraka, who is the chief Deity they adore. Their Arms confift of Bowes made of hard Wood, Strung with twilted Cotton Thred, their Arrowsthey make of the Cane Tacaara, made very fharp at the end,or headed with fome Bealts fharp Tooth, or.pointed with the Bones of the Fifh Jperu. Some of the Tapniyans ule great Darts, and long Clubs of black Wood, broad before, and full of fharp Spikes ; the Handles being wound about with Cotton Strings call’d Jatirana, under which hangs a Tuft of the Bird Arara’s Feathers, as alfo about the middle. Their Trumpets, call’d (anguenca, are the Shin-bones of Men, though they pean Querara, Waking. aes Nhemboe, Learning. : , 5 are | Nhengara, Singing. sie Moendi, Setting on-fire. S418, INS ING Raba, Untying. Mogiba, Boyling. P. Qereco, Having. Mogyco, Polifhing. Paepua, An{wering. Rura, Coming. Momiya, Moving. Paraboca, Chufing. 7 Momita, Lodging. Paronduba, Enquiring. pane Monberaba, Bruifing. Pea, Abfaining, : set ee Monbeu, Delivering of a | Pitw, Remaining. ty hie Set Meflage. | Pitanga rempi, To caft off. eg pees.) : Monbuca,To borethrough. | Pitera, Kiffing. ie ei Anite i dived Monbuja, Boring. .. | Pitibo, Helping. - ieee oughing,, Wat Mondoca, To.cut, take a- | Aittiba, Anointing. ting, or Burying. way, or cleave afuns | Poacema, Mourning. . Y. dere: Pobana, Spinning. Yaceo, Crying. Mondoroca, Breaking. Pocuaba, To ule. Yeaoboca, Pulling off. Monguy, Grinding. Pocaucuba, Dreaming. Yeupira, Climbing. Monguya, Making loofe. 1, Porabiqui, Working. Yuca, Killing. Thefe are of the moft ufual words of the general Language in Brajfile, befides which every diftiné: Tribe or Divifion of People hath its peculiar Tongue, as hath been, faid, of which the chiefeft and mofteminent are the Tupinambu, ‘Tabaiaras, Potigisiguaras, Marbuites, Waimoores, Tomonimenos, Waitaquaxes, Wainaffes, Topinaques, Pos vies, Molopaques, Motatas, Biheros, Wainawafons, Tamoies, Tocomans, and the Cariogs ; of all which the Tupinambu are the moft comely, efpecially their Women, which (ac- cording tothe teftimony of the aforefaid Emanuel Moraes, an Eye-witne{s) may ftand in competition with the European Beauties. Thefe Women accompany their Hus- bands when they go intothe Wars, and carry their Provifions, efpecially ftore of Tobacco. Inthe Lips both of the Men and Women hang little Stones. The Men take as many Wives as they pleafe ; and amongft the generality of the foreemen- tion’d Nations, there is {carce any fign of Religion tobe difcern’d. ‘The Tobaras are accounted the beft Horfemen ; but in Singing and Difcourfe, Ty yr” the Potigi-ignaras exceed all the other Brajilians: They place twenty or thirty Singers ina Row, which obferving Time, Sing the Tranfactions of their Predes ceflors with good Voices. ; | The Waimoores areia ftrong People that inhabit the large Tra& of Land between The Waimte Babia and Jfleos, and having well timber’d Bodies, cankeep pace with a Horfe run- ~ ning full {peed. Five or fix of them often fet upon a Sugar-Mill, though a hun- dred Men be at work in the fame: They areall over bedaub’d with Dirt, becanfe they lie like Beafts onthe Ground: They wear long Hair, and have no certain — Abodes. = 3 | — The The tomeni- The Tomonimenos, living about S MeENOS, Pie ans ao es ae of Stone about cheir Huts : fhoot Arrows -at thofe th > eS pee Re and COVER d with. ‘ah: aaah ners at once; kill’d moftef the . ~'/ ; | ee Paravas ; ay The wore At the South and=Nore GMa Les. The ' Wainaf- fes Aa 2: < go ftark naked, fhave the Crom Hair hang.down long on heir Should tT ) = The Deferi- dies, colour themfelves Red with Hua My ; Plant race, MON gft them: the Kernels are inclos’d in Ys ; See + = “lf Vg ee) ton a Wh are not onely mix’d with the other Ingf NeGhse? ER Reece saa SP mit to Dye of ared Colour: The Wood of this P ant is very white,and the Bark grey *~ ; F nd of Ww , & > j \ at, > es TT The Topina. hangs below their Backs when they travel. The Pores, T'he Mountains along the Ocean, which inclofe much Gold, are inhabited by the Pories, a peaceable People, molefting nore of their Neighbors ; they fleep in Nets of Flags, and have no other Houfes than three Poles plac’d triangular, and coverd with Palm-Leaves ; they feed on Pine-Nuts and Fyrives, Apples that have Shells like a Walnut, and have alfo the precious Balfam-Oy] in great abundance. addi: Along the River Paradiva inhabit the Molopaques ; the Men ftrong and well timber’d, have Beards long enough to cover their Privities.. The Womenalfo fair, modeft, prudent, and never laughing, tie their Hair, painted with feveral colours, round about their Middle with a Cord, fo that it fervesin ftead ofan Apron. They obferve a fec-hour for Dinner and Supper, which is not us’d by any other Brafili- anss The Mountains in thefe Parts confifting of a black Mold, have plenty of Gold, but ic is of no efteem or regard amongft them, onely that which is wafh’d down by theRain they gather up, but put to no other ufe than to make Hooks to hang their Nets on. 5 ead | The ound = AME R TCA — RS> i | | The Motayas, being of a low Stature 4nd- brown Complexion, fhave off the Hair Te sey« of their Heads, or elfe pluck it up by the Roots ; they are eaters of Man’s-flefh. Not far from whofe Dominions appear the Mountains Pinos up in the Coun- trey, which abounding with Gold and Precious Stones, are inhabited by the Bihe- ros, otherwife call’d Lopos, which live under the Trees like Beafts. The Waianawafons have little Villages, built along a nameléfs River, they are a Serene Gigantick People, but very ignorant. Thirteen Portugnefe undertaking fome years ago to travel through this Countrey to the South Sea, found on fome Mountains abundance of Gold and Precious Stones; and ainongh many ftrange things they faw a Cryftal Mountain ten days before they came near it, over which they could not travel becaufe of its fteepnefs ; at the foot thereof iptieng a broad Stream, ma- king a great noife: From thence travelling forward, they came to the Rite The Tameyes, Countrey, the Men whereof, being well proportion’d, wore great Bunches of Fea- thers on their Heads : The Women, exceeding fair, had carv'd Breafts. The {aid Portuguefe being taken here,were put into Prifon, ee all flain'and eaten »excepting one, who efcap‘d after chis manner: Thirty thoufand Tamoyes falling into the Countrey of the Amazons, by the Americans call’d Mandiocuy/yams; made a great Feaft with three hundred of them, whileft the reft fled to the River La’ Plata, where they got help from the Portuguefe, who kill’d ten thoufand of the Tamoyes, midds the reft Slaves, and releas’d their imprifon’d Countreyman. The Toconians, a little People, dwell between La Plata and St: Vincent. kaipioy | The Caryogs poffefs much Gold and Precious Stones. Mraquitess The Maraquites, by the Weftern Indians furenamed Tapuiyers, that is, Wild People , are divided into feventy fix forts, all differing’in their Languages, among‘t which the chiefeft are the Arodera, (ajau, Maquaru, and Poyme, which all live without Law, Religion, fetled Abodes, or Friendfhip with any Neighbors ; and the Women Fight as welk asthe Men. Jacob Rabbi, who dwelt a confiderable time, and con- vers'd amongft thefe People, defcribes their Cuftoms thus : “« Their 7 Jandni, firenamed Orfhicayayna, from the River which fows through 2 fioms d c- ferib’d. gts: Zz | the 4.90 AMERICA. Chap. VIP; “© che Counrrey of the Lapuyans, Caules (it he thinks fit) to be publifh’d through the ‘‘ the whole Camp of the Enemy, whither he will go the next Morning, and whar ‘“he will do all the Day following, having firft confulted with his Council of “Sorcerers. Before they march they wafh theit Bodies in the River, rub them. “ felyes all over with Sand, and afterwards wafh it off again, then ftretch them- “« felves till all their Joynts crack, rum to the Fire, and when throughly Warm, “ fcratch theit Bodies with certain Fifh-Teeth, infomuch that the Blood gufhes “* out of feveral places, all which they judge to be good again{t wearifomnef{;, « About a Stones-caft from the King’s Tent lie two thick Logs, a large Stride one “ from the other, againft which the whole Multitude ftand divided into two Par- “ties, each of whom chufe the ftrongeft Man accounted amongft them to “earry ‘‘the Log for a Wager, and when thele two are tir’d, they are releas’d by others, ‘‘ and he that comes laft tothe appointed place with the Log, is laugh’d at by the _ © Party to which he belong’d that was there firft, where they all ftay for the Youths “that bring their Arms, which when they have deliver’d, they all fall to work, “cutting down Trees, breaking off the Boughs, fticking them in the Ground, and “tying them together on the top for Tents, which are built inrows one againft ‘‘another, leaving a broad Path between. Mean while the Women and Children ‘‘coming with their Baggage, the Men run to Fifh and Hunt, or ‘to feek Honey. “The old Women dig up Roots, which ftamp’d fervethem for Bread, while? the “‘ young Women help one another to prepare the Meat in the Huts. Moreover the ‘“ Wen {pend their time in feveral Exercifes, as Wreftling and Running, of which “two Women, appointed for that purpofe, are the Judges. When the Evening | “ draws on upon them, then the Youths dividing themfelves into Companies, go “* Singing from one Tent to another, and are follow’d by, the Maids Dancing and “‘ Leaping, every one flanding behind him-whom fhe loves beft ; and this is look’d “upon as a fingular fign of affe@tion, When a young Manis: inclin’d ¢o Marry, “‘he.carries Honey and Venifon to his Miftrefles Father, who if he hath more than *‘ one Daughter acquaints the Sooth{ayers with it, who inform the King concerns “ing it; he then caufes all the young Men and Maids to be call’d together out of “the Camp, fendsthem into the Woods to Hunt out a wild Beaft; which.they no “ fooner fee, but. they return and acquaint the Multitude therewith,, who immedi- «‘ ately furrounding the Place, foon catch the Beaft, whofe Entrails they. pull out “and throw to: the Dogs, and give the Flefh to the Women to roaft, which “« when ready, they make merry with, Singing and Dancing after they have “eaten ; then if the Youth hath behav’d himfelf well in putfuing of the wild “ Beaft, the King grants him the Maid which he defires for. his Wife :. Four days “ before the Wedding they bore a Hole through each of the Bridegtooms Cheeks “ with a fharp piece of Wood, which done they folemnize the Martiage . at.which “« the King himfelf diftributes the Meat to. every Guelt ashe thinks'fit ; »afterDin- ‘* ner they extol the Mothers Care, -in preferving her Daughters Vitginity: forthe “ Bridegroom in firange Songs. Ifa Maid be Marriageable, and no Suitor comes “ > ~ Ye is alfo remarkable how the Sorcerers deal with their Sick ; the afoxefaid Facob Stangeman- ner of curing Rabbi, an Eye-witnefs relates, That the King Drarugh being extreamly troubled aacll-gvog with pains in his Sides and Legs, and finding no help amongtt his Sorcerérs, who Tapuyans. pretended to be Phyficians,went to the neighboring King of the Tapuyans where three undertook to cure him, which they did after this manner : One of them blew To- bacco-fmoak on his Body, fuck’d his Knees, roar’d like a Lyon, and after much ado vomited a little Eel into his Hand, which he pretended had put the King ito fo much pain; whileft the fecond fuck'd his Belly, and alfo roar’d exceeditigly, and vomited forth at lafta Stone,.on which appear’d a Rofe; the third fuck’d his left Side, till he vomited fomething like a Root ; after which the King is faid imme- diately to have recover d. i | = 4 Thereis but little Ceremony of Religion tobe found amongft the Tapuyans,onely Tit Feat they thew Reverence to the Seven-ftars when the Fruits of the Field are ripe, after of the Stars. this manner: Firft they {pend three days in Dancing and Singing, then the Youths prepare themfelvesto Fight with Lances and Clubs, tie tough Twigs abaue their Legs, pour Honey on their Heads, tie theix Hair behind in Knots after it is powe der’d with red Powder, Paint their Faces and Bodies with feveral Colours, ftick a long Feather in their Necks betwixt their Hair, and on theif Heads fet Garlands of red Feathers pleited, down their Backs hang Bundles of Branchés like Tails, and - have their Arms adorn’d with the Wings of the Bird Kofetug ;,.thus drefs'd_ they fight three days, atthe end whereof the Conquerors fhew great joy. ° It deferves {pecial obfervation what the Learned Gerard, Vofsins velates of them from. the Motth of Chriftopher Arciffeusky, a Polifh Nobleman, famous for his heroick Exploits for the United Netherlands in Brafile, “¢ The Tapuyans (faith he) are a People that range up and down, never ftaying fmt: Relation of “¢ long in one place, between Siara and Meranthon, a vat Trad of Land, and go ale teMamers “ moft naked, having oncly a flight Covering about their Middle. Whenthe Hol- Maricd. “ Janders gave them Clothes, they admir’d the ftrange Fafhion thereof, and after ** two days: return’d them again: In their Lips, Noftrils, Ears and Gheeks they “« hung Ornamentals of Wood, Bones, Feathers, or Stones ; a great Club; and a ‘¢ trong Bowe made of hard Wood ferve them for Arms; Gold and Silver, they “ efteem’d not, whereforethey bartet’d whole Chefts full (buried there by the Por- “ tuguefe and difcover'd by them) with the Hlollanders for Greyhounds: They judge ‘¢ themfelyes to be better than other Man-taters, becaufe they eat not the Flefh of * their Enemies, but of their own Relations, and thofe neither kill’d in the Wars, a ZLzi2 3 3 ‘ nor The Religion of the Tapa- yams, Their fore- telling of things to come, “nor dying anatural Death ; by which they pretend to exprefs their exceeding love “to the Deceafed;' who elfe would, fay they, be eaten by the Worms and ror, “« wherefore they rather chufe to eat them, that they may receive the nourifhment “« themfelves. - | | | The fame Author relates alfo, That he faw a Tapayan yield up the Ghoft not far from the Caftle Rio Grande,‘ after which his neareft Relations taking the Body, wafh’d the fame} together with the Entrails, and cutting the Corps into fevéral pieces, roafted the-fame on a Spit, ‘preferving the Fat that dropt from it in Pans, and tat the Flefh with agreedy Appetite. None were admitted to this Feaft but his chief Relations; and that which they could not eat; as the Hair, Teeth, Nails, and Bones, they burnt to A thes, which gathering up they mix’d with their Liquor till ic was all drunk up. The Tapuyans acknowledge two Deities, the one good and the other bad, to the good they fhew no Reverence, becaufe, fay they, he is bountiful of himfelf, and doth them no hurt ; whereas onthe contrary they zealoufly call upon their Deyil- Deity, becaufe they think he deftroys all thofe who worlhip him-not, » They never Travel nor goto War before they have confulted with their angry God, and that not without great Ceremonies; whereupon they afctibe to theme felves the knowledge of future things, and indeed they often foretel future things which are beyond humane apprehenfion , as a teftimony whereof that may ferve which Sapo dmama, a Friezland Gentleman, found by experience : for he keepin Guard before'Conjabu with a Troop of Horfe againft the Portucte/e, had feveral 'Ta- puyans in his Service, who foretold, That the following day the Lieutenant Amamé and a Trooper fhould be kill’d bya Shot froma great Gun ; which;though lighted, was confirm’d by the exa& fulfilling ofthe Predi@ion. ‘The Tike Paffagesthapned daily, and amongft many Arciffeusky relates one very remarkable Accident, viz. He remov'd a confiderable number of Men out of the Garrifon Rio Grande, to fur- prize the Spanifh Fort Barra-~(ahium, and nothing could more promote the Defign than fecrecy ; but fifty Tapuyans having joyn’d with the Fiillanders, Arciffeusky feax’d | they Chap. VII. AMER IC 4. 4.93 they might difcover his Plot, wherefore he charg’d themthattheyfhould notftira = - foot from his Company; whichthey accordingly promis’d, and having march’d three days through By-ways, they daily perform’d their Devotion in open view, and Arciffeusky defir'd that they would call-him when their Devil appear’d, which they granted, on promife that he fhould not do him any burt : On:the third day the Army ‘being fufficiently refrefh’d, he being call’d, found . the Tapayans fitting in a Semi-Circle, with their Feet {pread afunder.; oppofice ro them fat their Prieft on the Ground, whom they ask’d concerningall, manner of Affairs, and he, quefti- on’d them again, on.which they gave their feveral Anfwers, but could not be uns derftood for want of Interpreters, for thofe whom the Hollanders us’d fj pake only two Languages, one of which is us’d commonly by the Brajilians along.the Sea-Coaft, and the other by the, Portuguefe,' in which they Interpreted to the Hollanders as much as poffibly they could underftand of what the Tapuyans faid; whofe Language dif. fers very, much from the vulgar Brafile. Tongue, becaufe they live up in the Inland, and are divided into divers Tribes, fo. that the, Interpreters. could not underftand _ the Tapuyans, ,but,judg’d their, meaning more by nodding of the. Head,, and the like figns.: after; the Aflembly had done: {peaking, che Prieft rofe up and went out of their fights into the Wood, where with a loud voice hecall’d three times upon the Devil; but-he not anfwering, the Prieft. return’d to,his Company, who began their Queftions and Anfwers afrefh, which could not be underftood by. the Inters preters;, and foon after the Prieft ({eeming to be commanded by the reft) went again to the Wood, but calling ftillin vain, .return’d ; then going a third time, dnd calling as before, was bya fmall, but fhrill Voice, anfwer’d from the middle of the Wood, from which the Tapayans concluded that. their BufinefS would come,to perfection, and that the Devil would foon appear tothem: The Prieft hereupon going backwards and. forwards three times one after another to. his Company, they began to talk as before; atlaft going into the Wood again, they all {poke louder, and with more vehemency than before, whileft the foré#mention’d fhrill Voice approached nearer and nearer,and at laft the fuppofed Damon-came forth with the Prieft, who commanded him to, fit oppofite to the Congregation, which had + agreat deal of Difcourfe, and fometimes the, Prieft {peaking was anfwer'd by the Devil in his fhrill Voice; but fome of the People calling aloud, catch’d up their Arms, and threatned to beat the Devil, as they often us’d to do upon the like occafions. At the departure of the Demon, the Multitude conduéted. by the Prieft into the. Wood, cry’d out in fo terrible a manner, that they affrighted the Hollan- ders, who judg’d it rather to be Lyons and Tygers that roar’d than Men. During thefe Tranfaétions, a German Soldier in the Rere quitted his Arms and fled, but being mifs'd was putfu'd, found in a Hedge, and laid Hold on as a Perfon fufpected to carry Advice to the Spaniards, and being brought before Arciffeusky and Exami- ned, gave fuch ridiculous Anfwers as increas‘d the fufpicion, infomuch that he wasled toa Tree to be tortur’d; whereas he ftood ty’d he folemnly declar’d, That the reafon of his running away, was becaufe he had not Pray’d in ten years, fothat he was exceedingly afraid, left when he faw the Devil amongft the Tapuyans, he would have known him, and carry’d him away.to the Place prepar’d for all fuch Wretches. : ; The Learned Gerard Vo/sins made, a particulat Enquiry after this Story, whether 7H impo: the Spirit’s appearance were a Reality, or an Impofture; and the truth is it was no better than a fubtile Cheat, and fo it was apprehended by Arciffensky, who not long after, on a convenient time, ask’d the Tapuyans why they feign’d him to be a Devil that was a Man, whom he had often feen before ? which they denying, affirm’d | eee Las that AMERICA. Chap. VIf. that it waga real Devil , but Arciffewky knew their pretended Friend, who {pake fo fhrill by reafon of a Grafsblade which he held in his Mouth. However, though the main of the Fable was acted by Man, yet the Devil without doube play d his part with them, as appear’d by thofe Predictions, which no Man could poflibly know, viz, That the Portuguefe Fort fhould with the lofs but of three Men fall in- to the Piolkanders hands ; for -fo accordingly it hapned. But becaufe the Devil can- not forefee all things, therefore-they often erré ; for they faid that the Hollanders fhould crofs the Moat on Boards nail’d together in ftead of a Bridge, and that the Enemy fhould not perceive it; and indeed Arciffewsky had refolv’d fo todo, but -was difcover’d by the Portuguefe, who defended themfelves with great Guns, which fo affrighted the Tapuyans, not usd to fuch a noife, that they ran away and never return’d, fo that-by Morning the Fort was conquer’d, and all things quieted. After this Arciffensky burnt feveral Portuguefe Ships in the River Monguoape, and kept one,carrying ten Demi- Culverins, laden with Sugar and Spanifh Wine ; which to carry to a fafe Harbor a fhort Way, he requir’d the Tapayans afliltance: bunt they refus'd toenter, pretending the Ship would perifh by fome otf other iiifortiic nate Accident, which accordingly hapned as they had faid ; for the Ship was fplit againft a Rock in the Mouth of a narrow Haven, infOmiseh that nothing of it was fav’d ; all which the Fapnyans knew beforehand by the Devil’s information, for they never ‘go upon any Bufinefs of confequence before they have confulted with him, and done him worfhip. ‘Yet, it feers, they cannot fecure this Devil of diets A pleat from the Stripes of a Mortal, as appears by this pleafant Story: A Tapuyan Prieft owen dvaife WAS promis’da Shirt from Arciffeasky, upon condition the Devil fhould pull the Ten fame out of his Handand carry it up in the Air > The Tapujan liking the Propofal; wiki promis’d immediately to calt the Devil, but when Arciffensky defir’d leaveto Drub hint with 'a Stick’ which he had ia hig! Hand, he could by fio meatis perfwade’ the Prieft to call for his Demon; at which every one began to laugh :\ and to carry on the Mirth farther , Arciffeusky Joking with the Prieft, faid, I will fhew you that Iam avgreater Artift than you, for to Morrow I will bring it about by my Art, that great Horns fhall grow on your Heid, fo big, that you hall not be able to pal? thee Doors ; which f afe frighted the Tapuyans, that all of them fled, onely the Prieft retuen’d the next day with an Interpreter to Arciffewsky, defiring ‘ith that he would ufe him mercifully, and not caufe any Horns to grow on his Head. Atthe time when Jacob Rabbi convers’d amongft the Tapayans, they were Go- vern’d by Fanduy, a Man of above a hundred years old, whole chief Seat was on each fide of the River Ot/ehunogh, and round about the Lake Igtug, in which none durft Swim, becaufe of the many biting Fifhes in the fame. The King Pritigaba having entred into a ftrié& League with Janduy, Wart'd con- tinually againft the Kings Arygpoygh, Wanafewa/uy, Tihering, and Dremenige. and had not the Portague/e taken the four laft into their Service to aid them againft the Hole landers, they could never have held out long againft the Forces fent by Janduy, who deftroy ‘d Man, Beaft, and Houfes,{paring nothing they met with ; for pie: murther and deftroy all thitigs where e’re they come. Brafe by The feveral Nations that now poffefs Brajile, befides its native Inhabitants, are five x pre- Portugue/e, Englifh, Hollanders, Germans, and Fresche which the Brajilians by a general Name call Ajaruejuba ; Stlicrwite they call all Strangers Caraiba ot Pero. But from the commixing of feveral Nations proceeds a fifth fort, forone that is born of Ex- ropean Parents in Brajile is call’d Mozombo , of an Feline Father and Brafilian Mo- ther, Mamelac . of an European Father dnd: a Moor, Mulatto; of a Brafilian and Moor, Curiboca, or Cabocles ; of two Negro's, Cri, But above all others the Portuguefe are the Chap VIR / AME ROTC A | maint the'ftrongeft along the Sea- Coaft, who when firit they began to fertle on Brafile, found great refiftance ; and had not the Natives been at Wars amongft themifelves, they could never have | got fo much footing , but now they are fufficiently Matters ; for they have either flain all che old ihdbieancs, or driven them up into the Inland : However, the Brafilians are fo valiant, that they will Encounter a great Army, be- ing brought up in the Warsfrom their Cradle. When they Engage one with an- other they fhoot their Arrows exceeding thick, Hooting, Hollowing, and Leaping from one fide to the other to fhun the Arcows with a wonderful dexterity :. The Conquerors {pare none, but kill all, and Feaft on the flain Bodies, but fome they hale away Prifoners with a Rope abeut their Nécks, ‘toeach of whom they allot a young Maid, who cherithes and fattens them up for five Moneths, at the end of which they tttalee a great Feaft,and drink to 2 pitch beyond Senfe or Roitun: having firft fill’d their Bellies with the Flefh of the flain Prifoners roafted. If the Woman be got with Child by the Slain, they imagine that they cantake no greater revenge of their Enemy, than to devour the Child as foon asit comes into the'World, bur it often happens, that the Woman really loving het Husband the Prifoner, ‘rung away with him, and fo. wa Ag her Friends ofa Banquet. ub gais oad | ” ali: Il. Lasvali srs mor iqiGteW mneent. 7 papas which the Portugnefe have maintain’d againft the Brafi- lians, have hindred them from Setling any where but along the Sea-fide, where their Refidences are divided into thirteen Prafectures or Lordthips, by them call’d Capitanias : the Southermoft whereof being’ 1. St. Vincent, hath a City i. pce of the fame Denomination, which liesnear'a River that coming out of the Ocean were runs round in the Countrey, and fo'returns ito the Sea. pene 2. Santto$ los Leyes, which reckons four hundred Houfes and three Sugar-Mills. Here great Ships cake in their Lading in the middle of the Cicy. - 3. Hitanhacin , the moft Southern, is inhabited by ‘the Portugue/e. Twelve Leagues ftom tenes up into the Countrey the Jefnits have. buile the Village St. Paulo, near the Gold-Mines that lie in the Mountains, extending from Eaft to Weft thirty Leagues. This Village, long fince containing eighty Houfes, is inha- bited by Brafilians and a mix’d People ; the Way thither is troublefom, over rough — Mountains, and Ways overgrown with Brambles. On the Ifland Britioga; at a fandy Inlet which makes a good Harbor, lies a Fort for defence of the Haven St. Vincent : and fince the Englifh, Anno 1582. funk a Ship there, a fecond Fort hath been built to prevent the coming in upthe River; yer cocwithifundiag Caprain Thomas Candif ran by both the Forts, and burnt Se. Vincent, but fpar’d Sanétos. Before the River which wafhes St. Vincent, appears the land Sebaftian, pretty large, wooddy, and well ftor’d with Venifon ; It hath wholfom Water, good Her- bage, and a fecure Road for Ships againft all Winds. : Farther into the Sea appears the high and.rocky Ifles Alcatraces, asalfo Viélorio des Bufires, Porto des Caftellanos, Monte de Frigo, Muella, and Queimadas. The Natives of St. Vincent, which are in League viet the Portuguefe, ate call’d 3° aga of the Tupi- Tupinikinfi, inhabiting the Mountains which extend above twenty eight Leagues up (28.N~-. tives of Sr, into the Countrey : They maintain continual Wars againft the (aries, a civiliz’a "“"" People, and white of Complexion, as alfoagainft the Cvpin Imbas on the North, sae . | , ¥ 496 AMERICA. Chap. VIL. and a namelefs People bordering on Peru. Moreover, the Miramumins, a very wild People, range all the Countrey over, but are much leffen’d fince the Portuguefes Arrival. SECT. {If Rio de Janeiro. Ff Dies He fecond Lordthip Rio de Faneiro, formerly by the French call’d Ganabara, was difcover’d Anno.1515. by Juan Dias de Solis; but the French firft Setled themfelves here forty yearsafter Dias de Solis: for fetting Sail from Havre de Grace with three well Mann’d Ships, Commanded by Nicholas Durandus Villes gagnon, they arriv’d at Rio Janeiro in November, and at the Entrance into the River, which is about half a League broad, built a woodden Fort of a hundred Foot long, and fixty broad, and giving it the Name of the French Admiral Coligni, put feveral Guns into the fame to fecure the Entrance, inclos’d on each fide by two fteep Moun. tains. Inthe River,which is very broad, lie feveral wooddy Ifles, on one of which, near the Fort (oligni, Villegagnon Setling himfelf, fuffer’d great Inconveniences for want of Water,becaufe he durft not Land on the Main,for fear of being furpris'd by, the Natives. Here he ftay’d a year and ahalf in a deplorable Condition, when Philip Corguileray and DuPont fet Sail with three Ships from the Haven Hlonfleurs ; but they alfo, though they had many Men, yet wereill ftor’d with Provifions, in. fomuch that Hunger increas’d amongft them daily ; wherefore Villegagnon return’d home without any farther Exploits. | Feestell Jean Leri, who went with Corguileray, defcribes Rio Janeiro after this manner : eee tert a The River (faith he) lies twenty three Degrees Southward of the Equinottial thereot, —¢ Tine s the Inlet of the Sea, twenty four thoufand Paces broad, and in fome places ‘broader, ishemm’d in by hills; the Mouth of the Inlet is fomewhat dangerous, “ by reafon of three rocky Ifles ; beyond the large Bay is a narrow Channel, on the “‘Jeftehand whereof there rifes a high Mountain, which the French call’d Le «Pot de Beure, becaufe it refembles a Butter-pot. Somewhat farther lies the Rock. “ Ratier, where Villegagnon thought to build a Fort, but the Water in ftormy Wea- ‘¢ ther wafhing over the Rock,he was fore’d to give over his Defign. Half a League « farther is an Ifland athoufand Pacesin length, and a hundred and fifty in breadth, < furrounded with Rocks, on which the French refided: at each end of the Ifle rifes “a Hill, and from the middle a Rock fixty Foot high ; on the Hill Villegagnon pitcht “ his Tent till he had built him ahandfom Houfe on a Rock,the other Houfes were ‘built in the Valley. Three Leagues and a half farther lies a fruitful Ifle nine “Miles in circumferertce, inhabited by a falvage People call’d Towoebinambauti : “there are feveral other Ifles, on which breed good Oyfters with little Pearls, ‘which ftick fo faft to great Stones, that they can fcarce be pluckt off. The River “‘ Janeiro abounds with Fifh, : | | | — *Tows and The French once poffels'd this Iland, but were difpoffefs’d by Emanuel de Sa, chief note. Governor of Brajile, for the Portugue/e. | The City Sebaftian, which contains three hundred Houfes, is built on the Sou- thern Point of Janeiro; oppofite to which, on the Northern Point, lies the Fort; a large Church, the Je/uits Cloyfter, and two Sugar-Mills, give no {mall luftre to the City, where the chief Trade confifts in Brafile Wood and Cotton, The French Storm’d this Town Anno 1581. but march’d off without any fuccels. Dirk Ruiters, an Eye-witnefs, gives us this Defcription of Sebajtian : | PAAR 4g AMERICA but Wuerdenberg wading uf to the Middle through the River with two Field-Pieces, . the Enemy left his Works and ram into the Wood ; the |Forlora-Hope approache ing the City, march’d up towards the right fide, up a Way through the Woods, Scal’d the Walls, near which the Je/uits Cloyfter ftoad, over which he got aftet [ome refiftance. The fecond Party march’d in a narrow Path along the Shore; and osnse 597 taken by the Hol. broke into the City between the Francifcans and Jefuits Cloyfter, towardsthe Cathee iseders. dral Salvador, from whence they difcharg’d feveral Guns, as alfo from the Caftle, which. they had taken, whileft Fouke Honx Storm’d the Bactlements. towards the South 5 but Stein (allenfels and Elz being already Maftets of Olinda, the Defendants furrendred all. Mean while the Colonel’s Skiff brought five hundred Men’ more afhore; with which he march’d without any hinderancé into the City, where? the Conquerors, faint with exceflive Heat and want of Water; found but litle Booty, becaufe the Inhabitants having notice of the Hollanders coming, had-convey’d all their Goods and: Wealth to Reciffa, which the Governor Matthias Albuquerque (Bros ther tothe Lord Duarte Albuquerque, to whorn Pernambuco properly belong’d) burnt with all the Store-houfes, partly out of revenge tolthe Inhabitants, who fled contrary to his Commands,and partly becaufe he would not enrich the Hollanders. The Por- tuguefe Captain, Correa de Caftel Blanco, in his Letter to the King of Spain, values the lofs at twenty hundred thoufand Ducats, . But fill the Portuguefe had pofleffion of {everal Forts about the Countrey, whereof the moft confiderable was’ St. George, whither Stein (allenfels march’d in the Night with fix.hundred Men; but his Lad- ders being too fhort,and the Hand-Granado’s not'eafily taking fire, he was for’d to Retreat ; whereupon judging it moft convenient to befiege the. Caftle, he digg’d Trenches about the fame, nor wasvit long ere-the Befieged defir’d Quarter, which the For st. being granted, they march’d from thence with ninety Mens The Water Caftle fur- rendring in like manner, they found fifteen Braf$ Guns therein ;.and in that,of St. George four thoufand pound of Gun-powder, and rwenty four Iron Guns. When the Netherland Forces Landed on Pernambico, the Portugnefe inhabited eleven Towns, the chiefeft whereof being Olinda, was geverally Garrifoi’d by four Companies of Armed Citizens, each containing a huadred Men.and three Com- panies of Soldiers: Amongft the Citizens were two hundted Merchants, fome of whom werejudg’d to be worth fifty thoufarid Crufadosid 9 be py Southward from Olinda, between the River Biberibe-and the Ocean,) was a nar- row Cawley, atthe end of which lay the populous Village Reciffa; where the Ships lade and unlade. About the middle of the Cliff; being.a League long, is the An- choring place for great Ships, call’d Pozo, At the end of the fore-mention’d Caw- fey againft Pozo, appear’d a round Tower of Fre-ftone. George taken, The Journal kept by the Englifh Fleet that came hither under the Command Of tthe memo- rable Ex- Captain James Lancafter, Anno 1595. makes mention of a Fort which lay at the finiwo ibe Mouth of the Haven before Reciffa, which the Engli/h valiantly Storm’d, notwith- omgie" Fames Lane ftanding fix hundred Men and feven Brafs Guns might eafily have made it invinci- “en. ble : | But they conquering the fame, march’d'up to Olinda, took the Suburb) con- fifting of a hundred Houfes, without any -refiftance, as alfo agreat Booty, and the "greater, becaufe the Goods of a rich Carak which had fome few days before fuffer’d Shipwrack, were kept there ; they alfo took fifteen laden Ships, and for thirty days kept the whole Countrey about Olinda reftlefs with continual Alarmss, Since’ this Invafion the Portuguefe buile a third Fort om Reciffa, fo that the Ships muft paf$.ia in between two Forts, where the Channel is alfo full of Rocks, and: confequently the more dangerous. gu ' | From Reciffa the Goods are {ent in Barques or Lighters to Olinda, between which | and 508 AMERICA. “Chap. VIL. and St. Salvador run the two great Rivers Francifco and Real, the firft whereof re- tainsits frefhnefs twenty Leagues into the Ocean. Along the River Popitinga ftand many Sugar-Mills ; and five Leagues farther Northward beyond Olinda the Portuguefe inhabit thefe Villages, ix. Garafu, Reciffa, Moribeca, Antonio de Cabo, Miguel'de Poyuca, Gonfalvo de Una, Povacon de Porto Calvo, Alae yoa del Nort, and Alagoa del Zur, befides other Brafilian Hamlets, and above feventy — Sugar-Mills. | the muure | The County of Pernambuco hath for the moft part a good Soil, feveral Plains, Pananbuce. low Hills, and fruitful Valleys, abounding with fair Canes, which alfo grow on the Mountains Mafurepe, Zebaatan, Poynca, and Moribeque. | , The Wilds of Bl Gran Matto, afford the beft Wood, with which they drive the greateft Trade in the Village Lanrenzo.’ While Matthias Albuquerque Intrench’d himfelf a League and a half Weftward from Olinda, by the Sugar-Mills belonging to Francifco Montero, with a hundred Portugue/e, and three times as many Armed Brafilians, Loncque finding that he could not long keep the City Olinda againft the Enemy, caus’d the fame to be pull’d down and burnt. | ) Sesinee det Between the Rivers Francifco and Real, lies the Town Sergippo del Rey, up in the Countrey near a fmall Rivulet, which at Spring-Tydes-hath fourteen Foot Water. The Woods round about feed wild Cattel, and the Mountains contain Mines of Gold and Silver. . The firt Plantation in Brafile was in the Ifland Itamaraca, three Leagues long and two broad, but extends its Jurifdiétion along the Main Coaft, from which it is feparated by a narrow River, which runs betwixt both thirty five Leagues. The Countrey is eminent for twenty Sugar-Mills, and abundance of Brafile Wood. : vile de cow The chief Town of this Ifland is call’d Villa de Conception near the Sea, which ‘sound about the Ifland is full of Rocks. The French fettling themfelves here at firft,” were driven from thence by the Portuguefee The Town it felf, built on a Rock,hath a ftrong Caftle on the one fide, erected near a fhtubby Moor ; to the Northward of which Stein Callenfels found a little fle, fcarce a Mufquetefhot long, which at High-water is overflown, and being full of fmall Trees makes a Receptacle for Sea-Fow], which flock thither about fix a Clock in ‘the Evening to Rooft onthe Boughs, from which, when once fetled to take their repofe, they will not ftir till fix of the Clock the next Morning, though you difcharge Guns at them all Night; but fince Stein Callenfels cut down the Wood to make Pallifado’s for the new Fort | againft the Town Conception, they were never feen afterwards. | Sect. IX. Ane Ae | ita Hay Br) Parayba. Bei an ae aray a. Hy . mL . of Parayba, Ships carry’d yearly feveral Ladings of Brafile Wood, till Anno 1585. the Portuguefe General Martin Leytam drove them from all places, fince when they never recover'd any part thereof. up" | This Territory of Parayba borrows its Denomination from the.chief Towa, ly- ing five Leagues from the North Sea near the River Parayba, which inthe Summer Seafon hath but little Water, but in the Winter Seafon increafes to that heighth, that ic oftentimes on a fiidden overflowing the Countrey. fweeps away both Peo- ple, Cattel, and Houfes. The City it felf, though fimall, yet hath feveral fair Buildings, amongft which three Churches and as many Cloyfters, inhabited yl a Sas * . _ Francife Defcription Nisiere from Itamaraca borders the County of Parayba, whence the Frénch ) Pi ll , ERRATA THINLY y = mn | ili 1M) i | —————— LE Py ~~ wa vee em - <<< —— Chap. VIE = i ie MER ICS 3 hae Francifcans, Carmelites, and BenediGins, are none of the meaneft. ‘The Countrey there- abouts indifferently fruitful, hath twenty Sugar-Mills. The Mountain Cupacuao, formerly very populous with Natives, being exceeding fertile, produces all man: net of Fruit ; at prefent it lies defolate, the Brafilians being all deftroy’d by the Por- tuguefe. Thefe Mountains produce alfo curious green Stones, which the Inhabi- tants wore in theit,Lips for an Ornament, and which alfo cures the Griping of the Guts, by being laid upon the Belly. | The French under the Command of Captain Dourmigas, difcover’d ninety years The Silver ago the Silver-Mine Copaoba, and for a confiderable time carry’d Silver and Brafile %. ie Wood from hence, till the Portuguefe made themfelves abfolute Mafters. Moreover, on the North-fide of Parayba, the Salvages call’d Petiguars inhabit fixteen Villages. © | Amongft the Birds of prey which breed here, are the Ouyaouraffou, twice as big ag Strange Birds a Crane, with cutious Feathers, and fo bold and ftrong, that it devours not onely Sheep, but Deer and Men. | : The Bitd Maton is no’ way inferior in beauty to the Peacock, his whole Body being cover’d with white and black Feathers ; on his Head grows a Tuft ; the Fleth is alfo very pleafant to the tafte. | The Toucan, another Bird, refembles a Turtle-Dove in all parts, except the Bill and Breaft ; for the Belly is ten Inches long and three broad, the Breaft of an Orange colour, mix'd with Crimfon Spots ; the remaining part is white, the Back red, and the Tail and Wings Coal-black. 7 The Plant call'd Yarammacaron deferves alfoa peculiar obfervation, viz. It is tre Plan thicker than a Man’s Thigh, grows twelve Foot high, with three Branches of equal Tig a length and thicknefs, which you may eafily break;it is green without, white within, and without Leaves, leaving red Bloffoms ftreak’d with blue, from whence grows a Fruit about the bignefs of an Apple, crimfon without and white within, and tafting like a Mulberry. is ae The River Parayba produces amongft many other Fifhes the Guara-tereba, which The Guard hath a thick Body, flat Head, crooked Back, fplit Tail, and triangular Scales, ote (range which laid inthe Sun, fhine like polifh’d Gold. ‘a, The Sea alfo hereabouts affords a ftrange Fifh with a very long and thin Tail, the Females whereof Lay every day Eggs like Hens : they are full of poyfonous Prickles, and divided into feveral forts, amongft which the chiefeft are accounted _ che Naainari and Jabebara. He Sea-Coaft of Brafile from St. Vincent to Spirito Santo appears as followeth ; Deferiptos Before the Coaft of St. Vincent lie the four little Ifles Queimadas, and on one Fe fide the Alcatraces and Bufios ; Raft North-Eaft from which bears the Ifland Sebaftian: Before the Inlet Ubatuba lies the fle Dos Porcos, clofe under a high Shore, where the Haven runs far up inthe Countrey. Fourteen’ Leagues farther the Ifland Grande, ftor’d with frefh Water,with Fifh-ponds, Woods,and two good Havens. Before the Road of Garatuba appear feveral broken Ifles, the chiefeft whereof is Morambaya. The Ships Sailing along the Brajilian Coaft view next the Mouth of the wide River Jenero, without feat of Rocks or Shoals. Moreover, a fandy Ground extends from the Weftern Point to Cape Frio, which rifes out of the Sealike a Rock, with white Streaks, and ctack’d on the top, between both which the high Ifland before Frio makes a fafe Harbor. Nine Leagues beyond Frio to the Northward, St. Salvador Opens a large Bay, hemm’d in on the South by divers namelefs Ifles, Laftly, the feveral Salt-pans along this Coaft are very remarkable, as alfo the sie hg t. Thoma AMERICA. Chap. VII. St. Thoma and Parayva, the Inlets Manangea and Itapemeri, and the River Guarapari, famous for the Mountain Pero (am towards the North, and Guapel to the South. ‘The Ifland Salyago, round and mountainous, lies beforethe Mouth of the River Guarapari, where the Main Coaft grows uneven and Hilly. On the North-Eaft Point of Spirito Santo a long ridge of Rocks appears above the Sea;and near the Inlet rifes three black Hills on the South, and two Leagues up in the Countrey the'bro- ken Mountain Meftre Alvaro, which extends along the Sea-Coaft. The River Des’ Reyos Magos encompafies three Mountains feverally, and makes three Ifles. The Coaft on each fide of the River Dolce is very plain and even, but (vicare hath a mix. ture of high and low Lands, Inthe Mouth of the River Maranipe lies a great com- pany of white Shelves near together, appearing afar offas if all one. Parairepe is ree markable by the high Trees growing on it. The Mouth of the River Caruvelas lies full of Sand-plats. Near the Beacon Tauhaen rifes a red Cliff from which a fandy Point reaches to the River Curubabo. Before Porto Seguro lie feveral dangerous Rocks in the Sea, to the Southward of which rifes the High-land Cape Pafqual. Not far from hence Santa Cruiz, a good Haven for {mall Veffels, from whence the Coaft extends North North-Eaft, and South South-Weft, to Rio Grande, where the Shoals call’d Baxos de St. Antonio, making a dangerous Entry, force the Ships for the moft part to keep three Leagues from the Shore. Beyond the Arm of Rio Grande appear three high Mountains cover’d with Trees ; from whence to Ilheos isa fafe Paflage free from Shelves. Eight Leagues farther,the River Dos Contas runs between two broken Cliffs into the Sea: inthe Mouth of it rifésa Rock refembling a high Ifland. Between Ilheos and Contas the Coaft rifes alfo, but falls low again ina Bay, where white Sugar-Mills, formerly belonging to Lucas Giraldes, are {een at a great diftance. The Countrey on each fide of the River Camanu is plain ; the Stream it felf hath a wide Mouth, and ref{peéts with its Northern Shore the Ifle Cayepa, dan- gerous for the many Shelves which are about the fame. The River Tinhare is known by the Mountain Morro de Santo Paulo, which rifes like a Galley on the Southern Shore. ‘Twelve Leagues farther opens the Bay of Todos los Sanétos, on whofe Eafte ftern Point ftands the Caftle ntonio, and before the Northern Shore the Ifland Toe _ poam, to the Eaft and South-Ealt low and ftrong. The River Das Pedras falls with a wide Mouth into the Ocean. Next you pafs by the Streams Tapicuru, Real Vafa- baris and Francifco, known by a low Promontory. The Rivers Miguel, Antonio, (a maragili, Porto Calvo, Formofo, and Serinhbaem, difémbogue alfo into the Sea. Next the Stream Das Pedras rifes the Promontory St. Auguftine, all overgrown with, Bufhes and Brambles. Five Leagues Southward liesthe {mall Ifle Aexo. The Coaft . from St. Auguftine to Pernambuco extends North and by Eaft, and South and by Weft. The Ifland Tamaraca lies in the Mouth of the Stream Gajana; and fifteen Leagues farther appears Parayba ; between which two the Shelf Pedra Furada extends three Leagues along the Coaft, and another from the Shore of the Promontory Blanco, where the Road Porto de Franefes affords Seamen fecure Anchorage for Shipping. Next to Parayba follow. the Havens Treicaon, Pipa, and Bufios, the Stream Siara and Maragnan, which wafhes the Weftern part of Brafile, and is taken for the Boundary between the Spanifh Indies and the Portuguese, according to the Divifion by Pope Alexander the Sixth, Anno 1502. Laftly, there belongs to Brafile the Uland Fernando de Noronho, in three Degrees of Southern Latitude. The Capuchin, Claude de Abbe- ville, going thither, found the (ame to be fix Leagues in circumference, and extra- ordinary fruitful ; befides good frefh Water, Peafe, Beans, Maiz, Potato’s, Melons, Cotton, Cattel, wild Goats, and all fortsof Poultrey, which this Ifland affords ; but it chiefly abounds with gteat variety of a fort of Birds which fuffer themfelyes to Chap. VII. AMERICA 511 to be caught with the Hand. There grows likewife a namelels Tree, not unlike siange Tree: the Laurel, being of a ftrange Nature, for who e’re touches the Leaves, and after | wards rubs his Eyes, lofts his Sight for four hours, with exceeding pain; which pain neverthelefs another Tree growing in the fame Ifland cures immediately. The French, who Landed on Noronho Anno 1613. found a Portuguefe there, with eighteen Brafilians, Men, Women, and Children, banifh’d thither from Pernambuco, whom Baptizing, they carry’d to Maragnan. Near Noronbo lies the Mle De Few. | Sine sock, Maragnan. Me forty five Leagues in circumference, lies in two Degrees of Sout sistiation? thern Latitude, and a confiderable diftance from the Bay, which ap- | pears between the Rivers Aperegha and (omajamu. The Eaftern Entrance into this Bay hath before the Promontory Arbres Secs, the Ifle St. Anna, by the Brafilians call’d Upaunmiri. Oppofite to Maragnan, about half way from the {aid Inlet, fallthree Rivers into the Sea, the moft Eafterly call’d Mounin, hath a Mouth a Mile wide, and difcharges its Water into the Sea; the middlemoft Taboucourou, is five hundred Leagues long, and ends with two Mouths, half a League diftant one from the other; the moft Wefterly, call’d Miary, is about fix Leagues broad, fo falling into the Star. . The Stream Maracow falls into the Pinare, and thus united they joyn both with the Mary, which runs exceeding fwift into the Sea. Lint} Between the Capes Arbres Secs and De la Tortue, the Coaft lies full of fandy Banks, fome of which extend a League into the Ocean. On the other fide of the Promontory Tapoytapere near Maragnan,towatds the River Amaxones, lie fo many Ifles along the Sea-fhore, that no Ship is able to approach the fame, becaufe the Spaces between the Ifles are overgrown with Trees call’d Apparituriers, whofe Boughs fhooting down and rooting inthe Sea, produce other Trees, which grow fo clofe together, that they feem one entire Tree with many Branches. Befides this Inconvenience there is abundance of drift Sand when the Wind fits from the Shore, which oftentimes fwallows the Ships which lie upon the fame. Beyond Maragnan lie two Roads, the firft between the Promontory Arbres and the Ifle St. Anna, but dangerous; the other, difcover’d fome years fince, reaches to the Fort of Maragnan, and is as dangerous as the firft. | This Hland hath twenty feven Villages, by the Natives call’d Oc or ‘Tave, each Village confifting of four Houfes made of gteat Stakes, andcover’d with Palm-tree Leaves againft the Rain, each Houfe being thirty Foot broad, and from two hun- dred to five hundred Paces long, according tothe greater or leffer number of In- habitants, The firft Village, oppofite to St. Anna, is call’d Timbohu, the fecond, well known for two eminent Fifhing-places, is Itapara ; but the two biggeft are Juniparan and Euffaouap, each having about five ot fix hundred Inhabitants. This Ifland of Maragnan lies under a temperate Climate, being feldom troubled with exceflive Colds, Droughts, peftilential Vapors, Wind, Hail, or Thunder, only it Lightens Morning and Evening in ferene Weather, When the Sun returns from the Tropick of Capricorn to the North, then it Rains for fix Weeks together,» but When he declines from Cancer towards the Southern Solftice, the Trade-Wind, or a =F “e 4 ; Eaftern 512 AMERICA. Chap. Vil. Eaftern Breezes rife at even of the Clock inthe Morning, but grow fainter to. wards Sun-fetting. | pto heer | Fevietal Sol’ “The Soil of Maragnan is exceeding fruitful, producing abundance of Brafile Wood, of Mdaragnan Sugar, Cotton, the red Colour Roucon, Tobacco, Balfam not inferior to the Ara. | bian, Pepper, and all manner of Fruits. On the Coaft is often found excellent Amber-greece and Jafper Stones, which the Inhabitants wore in their Lips. In fome places along the Sea-fhore appear Rocks of red and white Stone Diaphanous, like Cryftal, which (fome fay) are as hard as Diamonds, and call’d Allencon. The Woods produce Timber, and the Shore Stones and Shells, of which they make Mortar. There are alfo feveral pleafant Fields and Hills, whofe Feet are wafh'd by delightful Brooks, along which they pafs in Canoos from one Village to another. The Woods confift moft of Palm-Trees, amongft which breed all forts of Fowls and Beafts. | | Fuie-Tree - “The chiefeft of the Fruit-Trees which grow here is the Accayou, which being much bigger than our Pomewaters,’hath Leaves not unlike thofe of an Oak: and alfo a Nut refembling a Sheeps Kidney, cover’d with a-hard Shell, which inclofes an oylie Pith. Out of thefe the Iflanders prefs a very wholfom and pleafant Li- quor ; as.alfo out of tle Pacoeira and Bannanas, both excellent Plants, which will grow in any Ground. This Plant they pluck up by the Roots wild as foon as it hath put forth three Leaves ; which Leaves being rowl’d up hard together like a Twig; are again Set, and then fprout up each with ten green Leaves, which when mov'd by the Wind, rattle like Parchment, and tear very eafily: the Stalk is an « Inch thick, frotn which fpread feveral leffer Branches ; under the Leaves hang yel- lowifh Flowers of a pleafant fmell, at. whofe Stalksare leffer Leaves refembling lictle Scoups, full of Juice, in tafte like Honey, and in colour like the White of an Egg : after the Flower follows the Fruit, very like a Cucumber, onely they are three {quare, and have a hardifh Shell, which inclofes a well tafted and wholfom Pulp, which commonly grows in Clufters,. This Plant, when the Fruit is ripe is pluck’d up, from whence another fprings up immediately, which bears Ae like Fruit the next year ; fo that this Plant lives as it were by propagation conti- nually. . . : The Bannanas bear Leaves of a Fathom long and two Foot broad ; the Fruit is very like that of the Pacoeira. | The Mangaa is very like the Apricock both in tafte and form. The Tree faracahq hath a fpread Crown, leaves like thofe of a Fig-Tree, yellow Flowers, and Pears with Shells, and full of Kernels. | / The Onaieroua is an exceeding fweet-{melling Tree, bears a Fruit much bigger than the greateft Melons. The Junipap, which is much taller, hath Apples, which whileft they are green are beft, yielding a Juice which Dyes Coal-black, and therefore is us’d by the Natives to paint their Bodies with: The Apples when ripe are yellow within and without, very well tafted, and melting in the Mouth. Befides thefe fore-mention’d Fruit-Trees there are feveral others that grow on this Ifland, amongft which is the Vua-pirup, eminent for its Bloflom, which is yel- low, blue, and red, and bears delicate Apples, which ripen beft in the rainy Seafon. | i , Laftly, the Pekey, which three Men cannot Fathom, bears a Fruit of two hand- fuls bignefs, having a hard thick Shell, and within four Kidney-like Kernels, each concealing a prickly Stone, which hurts the Mouths of unwary Eaters. The Plant Caronata hath Leaves an Ell long, and two Inches broad; they are | | very ~ Chap. VII. AMER SIC 4z. 513 very thick and thiftly from the middle, and about two Foot from the Ground grows an exceeding pleafant Fruit, yellow without and within, three {quare, a Finger long, and hanging oftentimes fixty in a Clufter. Vua, a fort of Melons, green without, and within full of white Pulp and black Kernels, and hath a pleafant Juice, diffolves to Water,if cut in the middle, {weeter than Sugar, and very refrefhing. . Manioch, a thick Root of the Plant Manicup, Leav’d like a Fig-Tree ; being ground to Meal, it ferves in ftead of Bread. Befides thefe already mention’d, there are feveral other Plants, the moft ufual are the great flat Beans call’d Commanda-onaffou, and the long Peafe Commanda-miry. - Here are variety of Birds of feverai forts, efpecially of Parrots, which flyé in StangeBirds great Companies, moft beautiful to the Eye, and very docible to {peak, and alfo good for Food. | i Ro The Partridges Nanbonouaffou, in bignefs no way inferior to a Capon, have blue Feathers, and alfo Lay blue Eggs. Ri ks The Ourou, refembling a Partridge, hath a Combe like a Cock, but mix’d with three Colouts, viz. red, black, and white. | The Bats, nam’d Andheura,have a mournful Note in the Night, often biting thofe they find afleep, and fuck their Blood fo hard that it can hardly be ftopt. The Oftriches here call’d Yandou, being as tall as a middle-fiz'd Man, cannot flye, but run as {wilt asa Greyhound. Their Fowl call’d Falian, with long Bills and Cranes Legs, flies very low, but runs fo fwift that a Horfe can {carce overtake them. The Ocean about Maragnan produces abundance of all forts of Fifh, and amongft strange forts others the Pyraon, fix Foot long, thicker than a Barrel, and cover’d with black © Scales of a hand-breadth. | The Fith Camouroupony differs not much from the Pyraon, onely in having fewer Scales. The .Ongry, four Foot long, hath a broad Head, and two fharp Fins on the Back, which wound terribly. This Fifh alfo {wimming in the River, fmells of Musk whileft ic ftaystherein. . : | The like length hath alfo the Camboury Ouaffon, whofe Hog-like Head, and yels low {cal’d Tail, makes it feem likea Monfter. | The Yanebouyre is a Foot in thicknefs, in length two Fathom, and a Fathom in breadth, and hath a Tail of half a Fathom long, out of the middle of which fticks a {harp and great Bone, which makes fuch dangerous Wounds, that if any part of a Man’s Body be touch’d therewith, it muft be cut off. The Narinnary, which is much lefler, wounds with its Sting very dangeroufly. The flat Fith Acaraiou hath the length of a Foot, a green Head, thick Scales, a yellow Back, and white Belly. The Araououa hath a hard Skin, is eight times bigger than the Acaraion, and hatha three-pointed Sword, with whichit kills other Fifth. | . Another fort of Swotd-fith is the Panapans, whofe Sword is a Foot lefs than that of the Araouona. | The Picamo and Caramourou refemble the Pilchard, and are taken in great abun- dance near the.Rocks. 3 The Rivers and Brooks on Maragnan are alfo very full of Fifh, amongft which the Pourake, four Foot long, full of green, blue, red and white Specks and Streaks, the Skin fo hard that no Sword can penetrate it ; wherefore it regards not a blow, but if ic moves, it caufes fuch a pain on the Arm of him that ftrikes, that he falls down on theGround. Bbb . The ; iy ry 5 t iB} ’ . ' wi | 1" f a re = = ——7 hee a = — as aS « > a ——— SS — = ———— 514. * Divers kinds ° of ftrange Bealts, ss AMERICA. ° Chap. VII, - The (aurimata, which is very like a Carp, is the moft delicious Fifh that ever Was ' tafted. mE ; The Pyrain, without Scales, colout’d red and yellow, hath fharp Teeth, which f cut floapingly ; as alfo the Opean, Tarehure, Paraty, and Jerou. = The red Crabs Ouffa, with hairy Legs, breed about the Roots of the foresmen: - tion’d Trees that grow in the Water. | : feesid iy Sy The white Crabs. Aonara-onffa carry the Amber-greece, ‘caft on the Shores to their Holes. | | | 3 They have alfo good: Musfles, and well rellith’d Oyfters fticking on the Boughs of the faid 1'rees.: OF 871 : nity Deis 5 gee TRIE: During the rainy Seafon there are generally ftandinig’ Pools} in which yearly breed many Fifhes, which are taken-up by the Inhabitants When the Pools begin to dry. 5 : ee red this Ifland feeds abundance of four-footed Beafts, amongft which their wild Deer, Rabbets and Hares, differ little from the European, “They have al. fo wild Swine call’d Taiaffou, who feem to have Navels on their Backs, which caft a {weet Musky fmell ; befides another fore of Swine,not inferior to the former, but of a ftranger fhape, being Mouth’d like a Hare, with two long Tusks in'their up. per Jaws, and two beneath ; their Ears like a Mans; the foremoft Feet white, and. hoofd like an Afs ; the hindermoft part of their Body like a Bear, and full of Brie, ftles, half white and half black, three handfuls long : when they creep in their.» Holes their ftaring Brigtlesfall ; they keep much amongft Brambles, feed on Apple ‘and Roots; In the Winter Seafon they Stye themfelves up in their Holes, Here are alfo Pifmireseaters, call’d Tamandua, with a Boars Head, Dogs Ears; fharp Snout, Horfes Hair, and Ox Feet. The Lapiyre-ete differ little from wild Cows, onely they have fhorter Legs and Tails, and wanting Horns, are Arm’d in ftead thereof with Teeth , in their Heads are often found a Stone like the Bezoar Stone. | | Several forts of Armadillo’s here differ much in form each from the other. The wild Cats Margaia are caught for their curious Skin, ° | The Foxes anovare, and Leopards Sovaffovaran, both curioufly mark’d, are very ravenous. ‘ Here is allo a deform’d flow creeping Beaft call’d 4i, whofe Headis like a Mans, and cover’d with rough and grey Hair, on each Foot three Claws clofe together, and at leaft a Finger long, fharp Teeth, a {mooth high black Nofe, little drowfie Eyes, no Ears, a Tail {mall above and broad at the bottom, long Afh:colour’d Hair over all the Body ; and being about the bignefs of a Fox, it climbs flowly up the Trees, and comes not down before it hath eaten off all the Leaves ; it feeds alfo on Earth, and fometimes fits on a high Bough without Meat twenty days to- gether ; irgoes fo foftly, that ic will hardly clear fifty Paces ia twenty four hours. | On this Ifland are likewife all forts of Apes and Monkies, amongft which is one moft remarkable, call’d The Zimme Cayon, hairy all over, with a long white Beard, an old Mans Face, bald Ears, black Eyes and long Tail, which they wind about a Bough, and fo hanging, {wing themfelves from one Tree to another ; they are very fierce as well as fubtile, for being wounded with an Atrow, they fet upon their Enemiy without the leaft fear; when they climbup the Trees, they carry their . Mouths and Hands full of Stones to throw at Travellers; and ifany one of them chance to be wounded, all the reft that are near come to help him, and ftop the Wound with Leaves, and the like , the young ones hang upon the Backs of their Dams, who run very {wift with them, and leap from one Tree to another. Juan r Chap. VIL. AMERMOA | 515 dun: Ardenois relates, That the Coyons play at certain Games with the Natives for oney, and {pend what they win in publick Houfes. Jofeph de Acofta tellsus, That one of thefe kind of Creatures being fentto a Tavern for Wine, would not part with his Money before his Pot was fill’d,which he defene, ded krom the Boys that offer’d to take it from him, by throwing Stones at them ; and though ict loy’d Wine very well, yet brought it always home without tafting. i | It is no lefs wonderful what Peter Martyr relates of one of thele Creatures, viz. That obferving one ready to fire a Gun at him, before he could difcharge, it leap’d from the Tree and {natch’d up\a Child, which he held as a Buckler before him. The Sagovin refembles a Lyon in the fore-part of the Body, with fhaggy Hair 5 the sagecin. they are exceeding dainty and tender, yet fo ftubborn and fullen, that they take pet at the leaft affront, and often pine themfelves away and die with hunger. The Serpent Boy-ete, two Fathoms long, without Legs, having a bright {peckled the Beier, Skin and four fharp Teeth;wounds alfo mortally with ics Tail , bucisthe lefs dane forts of Ser gerous, becaufe at the end of the Tail growsa Bladder, which moving rattles as if” there were Peafe in it, which gives notice to the Traveller, though unwary, by which means he makes his efcape. The other Serpents call’d Fouboy, Tara-gonyboy, and Tarehuboy, ferve the Natives for a great Delicacy ; as alfo the great Toads or Frogs, call’d Tourouron. r _ They have alfo a fort of Flies call’d Ton, which exceedingly moleft.them, again& which their chiefeft Medicine is Palm-tree Oyl, and the Roucon, with’ which they colour their Skins. ; The Natives of this [land of Maragnan, driven out of the pleafane Countrey (Cayete by the Portuguese, are a fort of the Toupinambas, who Setled here about a huns dred and fifty years ago. The time of their firft coming hither us’d formerly to be folemniz’d with the great Feaft call’d Caoven; but becaufe a Woman boldly fetup- . on 2 Commander in his Cups, there arofe a great Tumult amongft them, and ever : fince the Iland hath been divided, one Party calling the other Tobaiares, that is, Bbb 2 We 516 | AM E RICA. Chap. VII. We are Enemies: They are fo inveterate againft one another, that who e’re they take Prifoners they unmercifully devour : Both are of a middle Stature, have flat No; ‘ fes, which the Midwives make ‘at the Birth of the Child ; they. are generally a {trong People, and many of them living a hundred years, without being grey, bald, or fick ; they live temperate, and under a wholfom Climate: Some of their Women bear Children (as they fay) till they are eighty years of age, which being born white, turn tobe of a Tawny colour, by being anointed with Suet call’d Roucon, and Oyl ; otherwife they are well proportion’d. The Men pluck out all the Hair of their Foreheads, but fuffer it to hang pretty long over their Ears, and behind. The Women let their Hair hang down to their Middle, and wear woodden _Ear-rings; but the Men hang green Beads in their Lips, and thruft little Bones through their Nofes. They goall ftark naked, their Legs are colour’d black with the Juice of the Herb Funipap, and upon the other parts of their Body appear Fi. gures of feveral Reprefentations. Thofe that will manifeft their Valor, and be ac. counted hardy, gafh their Bodies allover with Wounds, which they heal in fucha manner, that the Scars may more plainly appear. They never come to their ufual Feafts, but drefs’d up in various colour’d Feathers; upon the Crown of their Heads they wear Caps ftuck with Plumes, which they call Acangoap, or Coronets, call’d Acangerar; about theit Necks,the Necklaces Aionacava; over theit Shoulders,the Man- tles Affoyave ;.theit Garters they call Tabacoura, at which they hang hollow Nute fhells full of little Stones, which gingle and rattle as they go,and about their Arms Armlets call’d’ Mapouyh-couaychovare ; all which are curioufly checker’d with various colour’d Feathers. | | The Maragnans live not much up in the Countrey, but rather on the Sea-Coaft, becaufe of their Fifhing, removing every fixth year, calling the Village where they Settle, by the former Names | rhe at ‘They take every Manas many Wives as he pleafeth, but the Women mutt flick each to one Man, unlefs fhe be Divorc’d from him, which often happens upon {mall occafions. ru Their Cotton Hammocks call’d %, on which they fleep, hang between two Stakes, in which they lie. 7 . Singular. Friends and Relations Feaft one another daily ; but they are cruel and revengeful againft their neighboring Enemies, whom, when they take any of them, they fatten, kill, and eat. The leaft affront done them, or injurious word {poken to them, or againft their Predeceflorss, makes them take up Arms, which confift of Bowes and Arrows, which they call Oxyrapay and Oune. - Here the French have built the Fort St. Lovis on an Ifland, from whence Wefts ward may be feen the Cape Tapouytapere, which at High-water feems likean Ifland, and lies four Leagues from thence, at Low-water they can walk over the Sands from the fame to the Main Land. | This fruicful Countrey hath twenty populous Villages. — ~ Weftward lies Comma, which gives Denomination to the chief Village, the River, and the reft of that Countrey, wherein are fixteen more handfom Villages, better built, and more populous than Maragnan or Tapouytapere. Concerning the building of the fore-mention’d Fort on Maragnan, it hapned as followeth : , The occaion “he French Captain Riffaut, upon the Advice of Ouyrapive, who bore a great {way the Fore ae amMongtt his Maragnan Subjests, fitted out three Ships ; but becaufe of a Contention ee” between the Seaemen, and the lofs of his chiefeft Veffel, he was fore’d to Sail to France, and leave fome of his Men on Maragnan, under the Command of a young aie | a Gentleman <= She hee, | : i ' ana Sh ae Tr Ms tilatnineeyy|: os i im ! i } ' i! STP EPLDED ED ET my WHE ANWR BE ¢ Carsfz abit - » Flavius gut verfies G us gfecadstur. pucd +," E. Sacel/um . “a gui F. . - Yr Teen: sop vl . Calum m monte . i yD In fr) A. Ca lBewen feriact > B, On» Ylumrnis wa’. = : - 1 ee - Cu —— = ~~ — Se « = a - el - + at — Fie | i] - A f } Ki Ht z' SAS + a a 2 — a - se ae — _ -~, wre at oe ——s ee Sa : - = i | | 's J MMM ae. Hey! ie \\ ih saan iad Lot a Pile } eS Week| \\ > iGo =a Duis le, i {: IG SCS OOOY ae po —LVWVaSSoo= r ea oe ; ee | = “ ie a B. Flunwus . oe Se a ey eee Chap. VII. AMER 10 4. 519 Gentleman cali’d De Vaux, who carry’d himfelf fo difcreetly amongft the Iflanders; that they promis’d to agdluacien the Chri/tian Religion, “if new Supplies cairie fdin France to affift them againft their Enemies; of which De Vaux advis’'d the French King Henry the Fourth, who approvd of i ic and fent Monfieur De la Ravardiere to A Cclow of Maragnan, to make a feeehrt Enquiry into the whole Matter, where he {pent fix over int» the Moneths ; after which returning he found the King murder’d, wherefore the Bufi- Meragnas nefs lay dead for a while ; but at length Ravardiere took with bid the Lord Rofilly, and the Baron of Sanji, def iting fome Capuchins of the Queen-Mother, for the pro- mulgating of the Chriftian Religion in Maragnan ; which being granted, they fet Sail with three Ships duno 1612. with which arriving fafely there,and Landing, he buile next the chiefeft Haven the Fort St. Lewis ona Hill, by whole foot two Rivers glide into the Ocean. After-which this new Plantation went on for a confiderable time, till the Portuguefe overpowering them, drove them out of this their new Field, ma- psn on king themfelves abfolute Mafters of he Fort, and alfo of the great Mountain Ibon- bY is?" yapap, four Leagues high, plain on the top, twenty four Leagues long, and little lefs in breadth. No Champain under the Sun is more pleafant and fruitful than this ; for in fome places it is fhaded with Trees, in others hath brave Paftures, lies under a wholfom Climate, and abounds with Freth Springs, from whence are des riv’d ftore of Brooks, and Rivulets full of Fith, SE O.T XI. The Lordfhips Tamarica, Rio Grande, Siara, and Para. ae Prefecture of Tamarica; not above three Leagues in deny and two itt Defcription breadth, fo call’d from a little Ifland lying before it, and part of its Pree hip of Ta ciné&, is counted the firft, that is, the moft ancient Lordfhip of Brajile, having otherwife nothing in it that is very ‘dolshiternble, fave onely.a good Haven or Port, with a Caftle for the Security or Command of it, held to be impregnae ble, and fo found bythe Dutch, who under Peter Heyn and Stein Callenfels in vain attempted the taking of it, as fhall be mention’d hereafter more particularly, but made it ufelefs tothe Portuguefe, by making a Bulwark at the Mouth of the Haven, and fo blocking it up. This Capatania yielded formerly a Rent of thirty thoufand Ducats to the Earls of Montefanto, whofe Right it was. He Prafeéture of Rio Grande, afmall Preciné&, fo denominated, as lying on pee the South-fide of that great River which the Portuguefe call Rio Grande, sir of ne and the Natives Potingi, where it falls into the Sea, was once poffefs’d by the French about the Year 1597. who were outed by the Portugue/e, and the Place fortifi’d both againft them and the Salvages, (of whom they flew and took Prifoners very great numbers) with a Caftle, which the Dutch in the Year 1631. found an impregnable piece, and too hard for them to take. ‘He Prefecture of Siara, fo denominated from the Haven; it hath long been Deftinvicn in the poffeflion of the Portuguefe, but they have therein no Towns of note, “Pfs onely a Caftle, and fome few Houles for thofe that attend the gathering of Cotton- Wool, and Manuring of the Sugar-Canes, which are here in great abundance, alfo the Countrey is {aid to afford fome Cryftal and other Precious Stones. Bbb 3 — Laftly, —__ - Pe a Ay ay Ts = © - 518 “A MERIC A. Chap. VIl. tip of Bara upon Guiana, forcall’d from the River Para, which runneth through the midft of it, upon which, in a convenient place, and upon rais’d Ground, the Portugue/e have built a very {trong Caftle, well Wall’d on all fides, fave onely towards the River, where it is planted with Ordnance : It is built in a quadrangu. lar form, and hath at leaft three hundred Perfons of the Portuguefe Nation (befides the Garrifon Soldiers) belonging to it, who have all Employment enough abont the Cotton-Wool, Sugar-Canes, and Tobacco, which the Countrey is faid to af. ford in great plenty. . Dfeription | Aftly, the Prefecture of-Para isthe moft Northerly part of Brafile, bordering A lation of the Proceedings of the Netherland Weft-India Company in Brafile to the Year 1658. He chief Difturbers of the Portugue/e in the poffeffion of the Countrey of Brafile, were the United Netherlanders , for they having had good fuccefs with their firft Fleet, under the Command of John Molenaer, Jobn Dignumf- zo0n, John Schelinger, Simon Mau,and the Merchants Cornelis Woodman,Gerard Beveningen, and Heinier van Hel, Anno 1595. inthe Ea/t-Indies, where they got fuch footing, that they took whole Kingdoms, tothe great enriching of the Eaftern World, where they {pread their Trade over the whole Countrey, were thereupon emboldned to venture alfo to the Weft, that thereby they might cut off the Sinews of the King of Spain’s Wars, he being continually fupply’d with Treafures from America. The grand Promoters of this Defign were the Company of Merchants, who hi- therto had Traded to Guinee. andthe rather, becaufe Guinee brought them but little Profit. Butto fet upon the Spanifh Power, was a Bufinefs of no {mall Confequence, neverthelefs they undertaking it, obtain’d Letters Patents from the States of the United Netherlands, Anno 1621. for erecting of a Weft. India Com pany, in which it was a wef-tndia Aeclar’d, That none without the faid Companies leave fhould drive any Trade to ceded by Africa from the Northern Tropick, to the Cape Bonne Efperance ; nor to America from See Terre-Neuf to the Straights of Magellan, or Le Maire ; nor in the South Sea to Anian ; which if any attempted, they fhould forfeit Ship and Goods ; befides feveral other Priviledges and Immunities granted towards the promoting and eftablifhing of the faid Company. After a long Confultation which way to fteer their Courfe, it was. concluded upon in the Council for the Affairs of the Company, to Invade St, Sal- vador in the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, whether they fent twenty Men of War and three Ketches, Commanded by Jacob Willekens, and Peter Peter{xoon Hein, the Land Forces being under the Command of Colonel fobn van Dorth. In the beginning of the Year . 1624, the Fleet fet Sail out of the Texel and the Maes, and in five Moneths arriv’dac St. Salvador. As foon asthe Portuguefes difcover’d the Dutch Fleet, they fhot with- out ceafing from the Fort Philippo with three Brafs Guns, as alfo from the Caftle Tapagipe, with four Demi-Canons, but chiefly from the Battlement rais’d three. {quare out of the Water before St. Salvador, from whence they play’d at them with st. Salvador twelve great Guns, whileft che Vice-Admiral ran within Mufquet-fhot of the faid tic buch? Battlement with three Ships, and found fifteen Portuguefe Veflels lying near the conanivi. Shore not far from the Caftle Philippo, where there began a fharp Confli&, to the “no fmall advantage of Peter Hein, who thereupon ventut’d with three Boats to Board the fifteen Ships: which refolute Actem pt of the Datch Seamen fo amaz’d the Portuguefe, that they fet their biggeft Ships on Fire, and fled afhore: Thofe Ships that efcap’d, being in all cen, the Hollanders took and brought them to the Fleet. This — an oe paz ie =i }* > aia @ fae ha ih: apr- nny TELLS rae et aM; Chap. VII. AMERICA. , 513 This flight of the Portuguefe encouraging Peter Hein, he went with fourteen Boats, each Mann’d with two-hundred Arm’d Men upon the very Mouths of the Can- nons to the fore-mention’d Battlement and took the fame, notwithftanding the Stone Wall rofe eight Foot out of the Water, and above a hundréd Portuguefe de- fended it, whileft the Admiral Willekens fent twelve hundred Soldiers, and two hun- dred and forty Seamen afhoreswith Field-Pieces. The Forlorn-Hope confifted of fixty Mufquetteers, led by Captain Helmond, who was {econded by Lieutenant La Main, all the Seamen following with Spades and Pick-axes, the Referve was brought up by Captain Kyf, Yfenach, and William Schouten ; thus drawn out, they were led towards the City by the Guides Dirk Colver and Dirk de Ruiter, along a nar- row Way, which the Portuguefe might have guarded with a few Men, had they not been all ftruck with a pannick fear, and making ufe of the dark Night, fled into the Woods. The Datch found in the City an incredible Booty, becaufe the Gover-, .. nor Diego Mendoza de Furtado had forbid the carrying away of any Goods, that fo ‘kn,by the the Citizens might be the eafier perfwaded to defend the City ; which they might well have done, had they not been furpris’d with thefuddennefs of the A@ion ; for when Willekens Anchor’d here, there were above fixteen hundred Soldiers, befides a confiderable number of Arm’d Citizens in St. Salvador ; befides, in the Forts about the City onthe Walls lay twenty three Brafs, and twenty fix Iron Guns. This Victory was {carce obtain’d, when Colonel Dorth, who had loft the Fleet at Point Vincent, arriv’d here after all was done, and caus’d Ediéts to be publifh’d, in which the fled Citizens were promis’d greater Priviledges under the Netherlanders Protection, than ever they had under the King of Spain. Whereupon a few Portus guefe recurn’d to the City ; but the greateft part of them, and thofe the moft confi- derable, were partly kept back by Command of the Bifhop Teixera, who laid the fault concerning the lofs of the City on the Governor Furtado, and partly becaufe they judg’d the Netherlanders unable to defend them againft the Spanifh Power. About the fame time feveral rich laden Veffels arriv’d there from Lisbon, Janeiro, Spirito Santo, Angola and other Places, all ignorant of the Conqueft of Sr. Salvador. Whileft Dorth and Willekens were ordering all things within the City, the Outs ftaying Portuguefe at laft taking courage, Storm’d the City from Midnight till the next day in the Afternoon, but fearing they fhonld be fet upon behind unawares, Retreated ; after which Dorth thinking he had been free from all fear of Enemies, and with a {mall Guard riding out of the City to take a view of the adjacent Coun- trey, was {carce got a Bowe-fhot from the Walls, when a great Body of Brafilians Col, Dent rufh’d forth unexpectedly from an Ambufcade, and wounded him fo mortally, that Ambufcade, he fell dead from his Horfe, and had his Head fuddenly chopt off, and his Body mangled very terribly. — Allart Schouten being chofen Governor in Dorth’s ftead, took nocare to fortifie the City ; and after his Deceafe his Brother William Schouten fucceeding him, regarded it lefs, fo that all things went to ruine, every one ftriving onely to enrich themfelves. Amongft other Booties, they took the rich laden Veffel which Francifco de Sarmiento, Governor of (bili, brought to St. Salvador, with fifty eight thoufand Guilders, and 4 much greater fum of Gold and Pearls, all which was imbezled away. This City St. Salvador, built by Thomas de Sofa along the Sea-fide, runs up broad Deferiptinn at the Suburb Carmo, hath four Market-places; into the biggeft whereof, being of asi, long fquare, run nine Streets, the chief of which being very broad, hath many ftately Houfes. The fecond Market-place is of like form, onely it winds a little tos wards the Right,and at the Entrance ftandsa ftrong Prifon. The Cloyfter St. Francis, inhabited by Je/uits, ftands in a Park near the Wall by which the Moat runs, Se: wards : | | t | —— ee a AMERICA Ope watds the Sea-fide they havea fecond Structure, much flatelier than the Francifcan Cloyfter. Near the Prifon ftandsthe Armory, and fomewhat farther the great Church, which Anno 1624. was not quite finifh’d. The Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary appears with a high Spire near the Gate Bento, without which the great Cloyfter Bento is built; butthe chief Church is St. Salvador. On the utmoft Point towards the South-Weft of the City lies the Fort Autonio, between which and the City ftands a very neat Pleafureehoufe, belonging to the Bifhop. Befides Antonio there are four other confiderable Forts, viz, Diego, St. Maria, De Gracia, and Vittoria, About half way between Vittoriaand the Cloyfter Bento, ftands the Caftle with four Bulwarks ; but on the Northefide the City is guarded by the Forts St. Peter, Philippo, and Tapecipe. ? | CO ee ee Spanifh King feeming exceedingly concern’d at the lofs of fo eminent a Place, ning ofSpain Cored out a great Fleet for the recovery of what had been taken from him ; but the Saivater Netherland Weft-India Company having notice of it, put themfelves into a pofture of Defence, and in a fhort time made ready eighteen Men of War and feven Ketches, Mann’d with a thoufand fix hundred and ninety Seamen, and athoufand three huns dred and fifty Land-Soldiers, John Dirk{zoon Lam being Admiral: But news coming day after day of the extraordinary Preparations in Spain, it was judg’d convenient to ftrengthen the Fleet with fourteen Ships and two Ketches more, carrying athou- fand four hundred and thirty Seamen, and five hundred eighty Soldiers, under the Command of General Boudewyn Henrick/zoon, and Admiral Andries Veron. Moreover, the We/t-India Company fitted out athird Fleet, confifting of four Frigats and three KKetches, Commanded by Hlenry Kat, with Orders to Cruife along the Spanifh Coaft. In the beginning of the Year 1625. Frederick de Toledo weighed Anchor from Cales with one and thirty Gallions, four Pinnaces, three Tartans, anda Carvel, all carrying feventy five hundred Men. The Soldiers were divided into three Regiments, Commanded by the Colonels Pedro Oforio, Juan Orellana, and the Mar- quels De Torreclu/a. | Near St. fago at the African Cape Verde, Toledo joyn’d with the Portuguefe Fleet, confifting of twenty one Gallions and fourteen Carvels and Barques, Mann’d with four thoufand Seamen, two Regiments of Soldiers; Commanded by Antonio Nunnex Barreto, and Francifco de Almeida; but the chief Commander of this Fleet was Emanuel Menefes, Which great Fleet being arriv’d at St. Salvador, Toledo himfelf Landed at the Fort Antonio, leaving the Command of the Fleet to Juan Fajardo: The firft thing he did, was to fet upon the Cloyfter Bento; which having gain’d, he left Serjeant . Troppani with two Regiments in the fame, whileft he went and Storm’d the Carme- lites Minfter, and at laft took it ; but in the mean time four hundred Afollanders Sal- lying out, made a furiotis Onfet upon the two Regiments, who had poffeffion of the Cloyfter Bento, where the Spaniards fuftain'd confiderable. damage; for befides the wounding of three Captains, and the lofs of a great number of Soldiers,there were flain the Commanders Emanuel Aquitara, Alonfo de Gana, Pedro San Stevan, Diego E pi nofa,and Colonel Pedro Ofori, But Toledo no whit difmay’d hereat, but taking frefh courage, Brought twenty nine Demi-Culverins afhore, which fir'd fo vehemently out of the Carmelites and Bento’s Cloyfters, on the fevénteen Dutch Ships that lay near the Shore, that feveral of them were funk, and others fhatter’d beyond hopes of ever being repait’d. After this the Spanifb Army was divided into three feveral Parties, which continually fir'd on the City from three mew rais’d Works ; the chiefeft Party, which was in the (armelites Minfter, hadtwenty thiee Brafs Guns ; the fecon’d, plac’d on the great Wall of the Cloyfter Bento, fir’d Night and Day with eight Demy-Cannons on the City, in which all things were in a confufion, : whileft — a - . a - = < 7 ‘ —— ~ iinet. a+. lf oe ee ee . - ~ a n - — oe a I a - — oa a = — = _™ a a - - e. - = = . ot ~ ‘ po ‘ = — ‘ 7 <= = = + _ en Le 4 ie | 7 . -—* : = —_—.. ~~ . = = : ———S pe = = Bf eT ty - = —F— 4 a ~ — — a F e's 5 A a ee nt *- —— Pe = 9 2 ee Enemy, who at firft {eem’d to meet them with twent turning towards the City ,the Hollanders alfo ftood to Sea again, though without making much advantage in their Way, the Sea and the ftrong Current fetting them towards the in no fmall danger before the River Francifc Want of frefh Provifions, that fome of the Ships w c Commanders ; h Chap. VII. whileft the Governor William Schouten went unconcer ther railing at the Soldiers, Serjeant Hans Ernft Kyf in his ceiv'd a Summons from Toledo to deliver up furpris'd, feat a Drummer with a Letter to Toledo, fieged three Weeks time to repair and make fic their back for Holland, and alfo that the out with lighted Matches, flying and Baggage. To which Toledo r AMERICA room, who, as he was the City, ar Colours, Bullets in their Mouths, thoufand. and with Bag etuirn’d Anfwer, That. he was now in his own ‘Countrey, and had gotten poffeffion of four Fortifications about S which he had planted thirty feyen Cannons, grant the Befieged (who could not poffibly e tageous and bold Demands, difcretion. t. Salvador, on and therefore faw no fitch neceflity to xpect any frefh Supplies) fuch adyan- and onely promis’d them their Lives fhould be at his Yet at laft William Stoop, Flugh Antonifzoon, and Francis du fent to the ‘Carmelites Cloyfter, agreed with Toledo on thefe Conditions : Hollanders fhould [urrender St. Salvador in the Condition it was then im but with Bay gage, and have a free Paffage with Provifions and all for their Tranfportation for Holland. Whereupon onthe fir liver’d up to the Spaniards in fuch diforder, that fome of of the Gate Bento, before thofe on the other & ment that was made between Toledo and Colo had a whole year been under the Jurifdigtion the poffeffion of the Spanifh Crown, onely through the indifcreet m for otherwile it was fufficiently ftrong, munition and Men, being able to make out two De Haes, was fet out before from the Holland Fleet, and broug that were fent from the Netherland Havens to their affiftance : Admiral Lam, as alfo thofe under Boudewyn Henricxoon, time in their Harbors by contrary Winds, and at laft calm’d, and through the exceffive heat of the Climate m mortal Diftempers, infomuch that they the twenty fixth of May, Walls of St. Salvador, and fift The Netherland Fleet, (hefne being That the anagement of the and well ftor’d with Am- Moreover, the Ketch ht news of the Forces But the Ships under were ftay’d a confiderable reaching the Line were be- any Men loft by raging and reach’d not the Bay Todos los Sanftos before on which they faw the Spamf(h Flag ftreaming from the y great Ships riding at an Anchor near the Shore. divided into four Squadrons, confifted of thirty four Sail, amongft which Lam carryd the Flag on the Main-top, Che/zoon on the Fore-top, the Rere Commander of the fourth § niards abfolute Mafters the Vice-Admiral Adrian -Admiral Advies Veron on the Main-maft, and the quadron on the Mizne-top: All of them fecing the Spas jjudg’d it moft convenient to put to Sea;but ftanding a pretty while to the South, they found that the frong Current drove themto the Shelves on the Weftefide of the Inlet; wherefore ‘Tacking about, they made towards the y cight great Ships, but re- Steering Southerly, going very hollow, Shore, by which meansthey were 0, where many of the Men dy’d for and the number of the Sick increas’d daily, infomnch ere like to perifh for want of Men'to guide them: Ie was alfo judg’d dangerous to lie longer with fuch a gteat Fleet near a Lea-Shore, etefore they put into the Inlet Trayciaon, which lies a League to the Northward of the River Monguapigape, from whence a ridge of Rocks extends to Tayciaon, and bein g overfow’d yD nd from one Tavefn to ano- who thereupon mutinying and depofing him, chofe calling a Council of War, re» which Kof being much defiring him to grant the Be- batter’d Veflels to catry them y might, according to Mattial Cuftom, march St. Saluadop re-taken by the Spaniards rom the Hol. y march out unarm’d, insders, things neceffary allow’d them ft of May the City was de- them had taken pofleffion de of the City knew of any Agree- nel Ayf. And thus the Place which of the Netherlanders, fell again under AMERICA. Chap. VII. overflow’d at High-water, hath three Openings or Entrances, two for great Ships, and one, the moft Northern, for {mall Vellels to pafs through: The Sea alfo break- ing againft this Clif’ never molefts the Ships whatever Winds blow. The Coun- trey is overgrown with Brambles, and hath a Lake two Leagues long, and a quar ter broad, on the oppofite Shore of which ftood a Village, inhabited by, Portugue/es and Brafilians , but the Portuguefes flying from thence left the Brafilians in abfolute poflleffion : The Hollanders:going thither found thirty Chefts of Sugar in one Hut ; afer which the-Admiral Lam caus’d his fick Men to be brought afhore, whileft the Captains Bofhuifen, Swart, Dyke, Stapels, and Uzeel, march’d up, into the Countrey, wherethey got plenty of Oranges and Cattel. Inthe mean time the Ketch Vosken, . Mann’d with thirty fix Seamen, Cruifing along the Sea-Coaft of Brafile, took three Ships, one out of the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, laden with Sugar and Tobacco, ano- cher with the fame Merchandife from Pernambuco, and the third laden with Wines from Madera. On the firft of Augu/t the Fleet fet Sail again, to the great. forrow of the Brafilians, who out of hopes of being protected by them againft the Portuguefe, had joynd their Forces with theirs ; but now being forfaken, they expected no- thing but utter Ruine ; which to efcape, many of them defir’d to be admitted to go along with the Fleet, which had been granted them, had not the Hollanders wanted Provifions for themfelves. The Fleet getting off at Sea, the Admiral Veron ran with twelve Sailto the Coaft of Africa ; and Boudewyn Henrick{zoon kept eighteen Ships under his Command, the reft returning home with Admiral Lan + and thus the Fleet left the unfortunate Haven Trayciaon, where above feven hundred Dutch Seamen were bury’d. Bondewyn Henrick/xoon xefrefhing at (ape St. Vincent, fkeer’d Wefterly, when a Storm (which in twenty four bours blew from all Points of the Compafs) furprifing him, broke his Main-maft, feparated the whole Fleet, and ~ funk the Flufhing Erigat ; at laft getting beyond the Ifle Virgin Gorda, the Fleet meet- ing again, got to Juan de Porto Rico about the latter end of September ; into whofe Tae City Haven Henrick{xoon Sail’d with great courage, notwithftanding the narrow Mouth ie thereof was guarded by a ftrong Fort full of Brafs Guns, which fir’d very fiercely upon him, who onthe other fide was not idle in difcharging his Guns on the Fort; and had notthe fhallow Water before the City prevented his Landing that day, he had gotten a far greater Booty chan afterwards he met with, for the Inhabitants had, during the Lowewater, remov'd all their bef Goods: but the next Morning before Sun-rifing, the Admiral Landed with eight hundred Men, march’d into the City without any refiftance, pitch’d the States Flag on the Governor’s Houfe, guar- ded all Avenues, unhoop’d all the Wine-Casks which he found there, for fear his Men Should make themfelves Drunk therewith, and fonegleé& their Duty, fir'd from the Land-fide towards the Caftle with three Brafs Guns, gain’d the Re- doubr, built for the fecurity of the Bridge, which unites the fmall Ifle on which Porto Rico is built with the great, rais’d a Platform, from whence he fir’d Day and Night with fix Cannons, guarded by Captain Thyene, whileftthe Commander Uzeel kept Watch near the Fort ; but his Men being moft of them fick, he.could not do any great Exploits, efpecially fince the Spaniards Sallying out, as they did daily, . Capt Dew kill’d many of the Hollanders, and amongft them Captain Uzeel, after he had fhot a down two Turrets from the Caftle ; which damage the Enemy repair’d by raking feveral of the Elollanders Boats, by which means they could not prevent frefh Sup- plies from going to the Caftle ; the Befiegers in the mean time beginning daily to be in greater want for Ammunition and Provifions: whereupon Henrick/ x90 judg’d it convenient to found a Retreat, after he had fet the Ships belonging to the City Porto Rico on fire in four places. In which Retreat he receiy'd fo many farcwe Chap. VII. AMERICAS. farewel Shots from the Fort, thatthey were forc’d to go to the Leeward to flo their Leaks, and leave one of their Ships to the Enemy, in lieu whereof the Weft. Capel Frigat took a Barque with four Brafs Guns, in the little Haven Sierra Gorda , from whence the Fleet ran intothe Weftern Bay of the Ifland Porto Rico, where whileft they repair’d and took in frefh Provifions, Henrick/zoon fent the Ships Hefter and Jonas richly laden for Holland ; the remaining part of the Fleet meeting with ftrong contrary Tydes at Porto Rico, were neceffitated to put into the Inlet Francifco, where they made feveral Marches up into the Countrey, to the lofs of many of their Men, which were kill’d by the Spaniards, lying in Ambufcade amongft the Bram- bles that grew along by the Ways. . Inthe middle of January, Anno 1626. Hlenrick/zoon Sailing about the North of Porto Rico, fteer’d to Dominico, and from thence along the Ifles Martinigo, Luzia, and the Promontory De tres Puntas, towards the Ifland Margarita, where Landing, and Storming the Caftle on the Land-fide with fifteen Men, he gain’d the firft Breaft- works ; but the Spaniards ftopping up the Way along which they were to return, they had without doubt been all flain, had not the Captains Stapeland E/fienne come to their affiftance ; for the Spaniards {eeing them climbing up the Bulwarks, betook them to their Heels,after they had kill’d nine of the fore-mention’d fifteen, amongft whom were the Captains Urk and Molkman : of thofe that leap’d over into the Ditch moft part efcap’d ; thofe few that were taken inform’d the Fiollanders, That the Way towards the Village, inhabited by Spaniards, was every where ftopt up with Barricado’s, through which none were able to pals. Hendrick{zxoon thus becomé Mas fter of the Fort, fentthe Booty which he had gotten there, together with three Brafs, and five Iron Guns, aboard of his Ship, blew up the Fort, burnt all the Houles, and ran into the Haven Muchina, to which he gave the Denomination of Port Mian- rice; where, befides a great number of dry’d Fifh, he took forty Tun of Salt out of one Salt-pic, After this he taking in frefh Provifions at St. Fe, difcover’d Aves, a low Ifle full of high Trees, took above two hundred Sheep, and abundance of red Wood on Bonaire, and before the Coaft a Spanifb Frigat richly laden, made In{pe- ctions into the Havens of Hifpaniola and Jamaica ; from whence he fell back on the Coaft of Porto Rico, about the Ifland Mona, where difcovering four Spanifh Ships, he took three of them, and burnt the fourth; he alfo got abundance of Tortoifes and Crocodiles on the great Caiman, and took a new Ship between the little fandy Ifles (4ios, as alfobefore Cubaa Barque, which inform’d him, That the Fleet from the Honduras, as alfo that from New Spain, was daily expected at Havana : Thence Sail- ing into the Haven Cabannas, he took anew Veflel of a hundred Tun, and abundance of Timber and Carpenters Tools one the Shore ; he Landed alfo with feven hun- dred Men on the Eaftefide of the Haven, from whence he march’d along a narrow Path a League up into the Countrey, where he found a running Stream, Paftures full of Cattel, and a Village, the Inhabitants whereof being warn’d by the Barking of their Dogs, fled, and left all manner of frefh Provifions to the Fiollanders, viz. above two thoufand Oranges, abundance of Lemmons, Bananas, Hogs, Calves, and Bacon ; all which having fent aboard, they burnt the Village: After this they took a Spanifh Barque before Havana, as alfo.a Ship laden with Timber, another Barque with Poultry, Cochenile, Money, and Haberdafhery Ware, one Veffel with live Tor- toiles, and another: full of Salt, dry’d Fifth, and fome Merchandife. While the Fleet was thus Cruifing up'and down before Havana, the Admiral Flenrick{zoon dy’d ; 2 Manof moft approv’d Valor, and of great Conduct: After which Adrian 523 The Fort of Margarita taken by Hema rick{zoon, Herith{zoon Chefxoon carry’d the Flag ; but the Men mutinying about the dividing of the Pro- 28, res vifions, which began to grow very {carce, all things fell into great diforder ; the * ¥ * “ 4 F Seamen Adrian Chef= Xeon, 52.4. AMERICA, | Chap. VII. Seamen rebell’d againft their Commanders, faying, That they bad been out long enough, and that they would not ftay waiting any longer for the Fleet from New Spain or Honduras : Wherefore fteering Home, they all arriv’d fafe at the Texel and other places in Holland. In our foregoing Relation we have given you an Account of the Fleet which came to affift the City of St. Salvador, divided into two Squadrons; eighteen Sail Boudewyn Henrick{zoon kept under his ‘Cpudaaed: and twelve Sail remain’d in the Admiral Veron’s Squadron, who Sail’d to the Inlet Serre Leona, where he found the Admiral John Dirk{xoon Lam with three Ships, whichhad lay’n there above two Moneths, by reafon of the Sicknefs amongft the Seamen. Frambore, King of this Place, granted Lam and Veron free liberty to Hunt, call to gather as many Oranges and Lemmons as they pleas’d, with which the Seamen were fo refrefh’d, that they fet Sail again, and amongft many other thingscarry’d a A frangee Baboon with them from Sierra Leona, which fo exactly refembled a Man, that it ton,” was wonderful to behold , having a Body, Hands, Eyes, Ears, Feet, and Actions like a Man, {moak’d Fahaten amongft the Seamen, made a hoite like a Child when beaten. The Inhabitants of Sierra Leona, where Raa Montfters run in great Com- panies through the Woods, believe that rhe Souls of the Deceafed refide in them. Fobn de Laet, in his annual Journal of the Tranfactions of the Weft-India Com- — pany, affirms, That he faw a Female of thefe monftrous Creatures, which ufually had her monethly Flowers. The Fleet, as is before mention’d, Sailing from Sierra Leona, came to an Anchor at Commany, and Landed twelve hundred Men at Poquena, befides a hundred and fifty Negré’s; which Regiment Andries Veron and Arend Jacobfzoon carry’d to the Tre Hellan- Caltle Del Mie, whither they before fent a Company, Commanded by Hans Gryf, ders illfuccefs before the to prevent the Sallies ofthe Enemy. The Hbllanders tit’d and thirfty, Encamp’d ain thempfelves, near the Fort, and whileft fome of the Men were feeking for Water; others fmoaking ‘Tobacco, and lying without their Arms and in diforder on the Ground, and the Commanders were taking a view of the Fortfrom a neighboring Hill, two hundred Negro’s fell:upon the fearter’ d Army with great rage and fury, and fo much the greater, in regard the Portugue/e had promis’d them great fums of Money for every Hollander they kill’d : never any Army was in fuch adiftraétion, they being difpers’d and kill’d like fo many Sheep, the Admiral Veron and all the Officers flain, and in a fhort time four hundred and forty Men cut off; and had not Captain Arend Jacob/zoon been in League with the Inhabitants of (ommany, whi- ther the routed Regiments fled, not one Man had efcap’d that bloody Slaughter : Nor wasit to uate purpofe to Befiege the Caftle Del Mine, becaufe the Bullets hit- ting againft the Walls of the Caftle, built all of Rock+ftones, did no Execution. But the four Ships inform’d of shite miferable deftruétion, fell down to Commany,' to fetch thofe that were left alive, and return’d home with the other eleven. During the unfortunate Expedition of this Fleet, the We/t-India Company fitted out nine great Ships and five Ketches in the beginning of the Year 1626, under the Command of Peter Peter/zo0n Hein, to Cruife for the Spanifp Ships that were expe- cted from New Spain and Honduras. The Fox Frigat being fent before to inform Henrick/zoon of Heyn’s coming, reach’d about thelatter end of May beyond the Ifles Dominico, Guadalupa, Mevis, St. Chrifto- phers, and by Santa Crux ; there not finding a Harbor on the South-fide, becaufe of the Rocks, fhe Sail’d ions Mona over to the Main Coaft, where feven Laspitts Welt. ward of Carake/s, he difcover’d a high broken Lard, whole Mountains feem’d to reach tothe Clouds; from thence fhe fteer’d to sud Promontory Caldéra, the Ifles Marga- Chap. VII. CAAMERSICA © ey 529 Margareta and Coche, on which laft-he took abundance of Goats, hot without the lofs of forty fix Men, kill’d by the Spaniards and Indians. Mean while the “Aueateal Peter Heyn, in the beginning of June, Sail ‘d to the Southward of Barbados, an Ifland pretty mountainous, as hath been formerly mens tion’d, and full of Woods, and by Martinino, whofe Hills are very high and over- grown with Trees, Heté Peter Heyn could get nothing elfe but fwieet. Water, and a Fruit refembling a green Grape, which grew on 4 rduind Lieav’d, Tree, whole Juice cur’dthe Scurvey. Sailing from hence, and Landing on Guadalupa, he fourid a Canoo {even Fathom long and one broad, sti cut ot of one Tree. The Inhabi- tants, a well timber’d People, went ftark naked, and defir’d to be excus’d, that they could not furnifh the Hollanders with more Reowiftins , becaufe the Frendhi and Eng- lifh, Inhabitants of Se. Chriftophers, had pillag’d them. Near Mona the Fox Frigat joyn’d withthe Fleet, with information, that hetould hear no tydings of Henrick/xoon ; wherefore Peter Bein judg’d it convenient to Sail along the South-Coaft of Hispaniola with a feparated Fleet, which was to joyn again neat the great Caiman. Neat Cape de Corientes the Dutch took a Spanifh Ship laden with Sarfaparilla ; after that another with Salt and Fifh, and on the Shelves before Coche before the Promontory Antonio, a Fly-boat with Tallow and Hides, and at the fame places two Veffels more with Ballaft, the Men whereof inform’d him, that the Fleet from New Spain had about a Moneth before weigh’d Anchor from the Haven Juan de Ulva, and fet Sail to Havana; fo that without doubt they were arri- ved there ; wherefore Peter Hleyn fteer’d towards Tortugos, in hopes, if he could, to overtake fome of the heavy Sailers. Before the Promontory De Florida he dilco- ver'd feven Sail, and coming up nearer, above thirty, which, liad Henrick/zoon been united with Peter Heyn,had without doubt fallen into the hands of the Netherlanders ; but it being judg’d a madnefs to fetupon fo great a Fleet with fo {mall a number of Ships, they Sail’d away undifturb’d. Peter Heyn fteer’d his Courfe along Florida, where he met three Canoos with ftrange Men in them, who came aboard of him, their Bodies being naked, were painted with feveral colours, onely Mats of Rufhes about their Middle, and ontheir Backs long Taffels hanging down: their Mer- chandife confifted of a fort of Gumof little value. The Netherlanders in this Place took alfoa Veffel with Sina Leaves, and fome pounds of Ambergreece: but the Scurvey increafing daily amongft them, they Tack’d about, and ran toan Anchor at Sierra Leona, where they ftay’d tillthe latter end of January 1627. and then fer Sail to Brafile, and overtook a Veffel from Madera laden witha hundred and fifty Pipes of Wine, and other tich Goods, and ran into the Inlet Todos los Sanétos with undaun- ted courage, not regarding the Guns that were fir'd from the Fort and Battlements of the City St. Salvador, nearwhichJay thirty Sail of Ships, to which he makingup, , fteer'd between the Portuguefe Admiral and Rere-Admiral, whomfinking, he forc’d Puc agsint the Admiral to furrender, whileft the Hollandia and Geldria Frigats fell upon the refk, sue Fleet which were forfaken by thé Seamen, who leap’d over-board ; then feveral Mann’ d Boats of the: Hollanders (notwithanding the Enemy’s continual firing) went and | fetch’d off twenty two Sail of the Portuguefe Veflels ; all whichthey did in three hours time, onely with the lofs of fifty Men, befides fome that were wounded, amongft whom was the Admiral, being fhot with a Bulletthroughthe Arm, and wounded inthe Legs with a Splinter ; his Ship alfo was, with the Gelria Frigat, driven with the Spring-Tide on a Bank, whence, after the Gelria had receiv'd abave fixty Shot from the Enemy, they both got off at laft; but the Admiral’s Frigat be- ing fhot ina manner to 2 Wreck,was fet on fire, swhich Misfortune ended not there, . forthe Orange-tree Frigat blew up, with fixty Nets fourteen whereof, though mife- | ¢ Ccc — AMERICA. Chap. VII. rably fcorch’d, had their Lives fav’d. Soon after which the Admiral fent into — Holland the Ship St. Peter, the Hoop, Noftra Sennora de la Vittoria, and the Black-Lyon, which befides their Lading of Hides, Silver, Gold, and Precious Stones, were moft of them full'of Sugar ; which fafely arriving, did not a little encourage the Weft-India Company- After this Heyn took two Ships with Slaves from Angola, which becaufe the Governor of St. Salvador would not redeem, were put afhore on Taperica. On the laft of March he fet Sail from the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, pafs’d by Morro Pablo, and on Eafter Eve with a ftrong Gale by the Abrolhos: before the High. land between Cape Frio and the River De enero, he difcover'd two Sail, one whereof being laden with Sugar was taken, but the other efcap’d in the Night ; then Sail- ing on to the meandring Stream Spirito Sanéto, he digg’d Pits on fome of the River- Ifles to gét frefh Water, becaufe it was not fafe to Land on the Continent on each fide, becaufe the Inhabitants fhot frequent fhowers of Arrows from the Thickets, in which they layambufcaded. Moreover the Town Spirito Sanéto fent off feveral Fire-fhips at the time of Flood, but they being eafily quench’d did no harm. Here alfo a Veflel laden at Lisbon with Wines and Piece-Goods, was taken by Heyn, who fetting Sail again divided the Fleet into three Squadrons, the Vice-Admiral (or- nelis Oole keeping three Ships to Cruife withal before the River La Plata, Henrick Be/t had one Frigat,a Ketch,anda Carvel, to guard the Mouth of the Stream Jenero, whileft the Admiral himfelf Sail’d with four Frigats, three Ketches, and a Barque, towards the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, where two Ships riding near the Shore by the Fort Tapecipe, were by him fet on fire. Alfo taking a Barque he was inform’d, that fix laden Veffels lay in the River Tapecipe, whither he fending fome Boats toexplore » the truth, they found a great Ship without Men in the Mouth of the Stream, and half a League farther fix Portuguefe Veflels lying nearthe Shore; bringing back news thereof to the Admiral, he went aboard of the Fox Ketch the next Morning, and taking two Ketches and feveral Boats with him, Sail’dup the River, and perr ceiv'd that the fore-mention’d fix Ships were gotten up higher, and were Mann’d with a hundred and fifty Soldiers, Commanded by Captain Padilha ; the Portuguefe Admiral lying in Ambufcade, no fooner perceiv’d the Netherlanders Boats, but he let flie a whole Volley of fmall Shot at them, infomuch that it made them Retreat, and their whole Defign had been fruitlefs, had not Hleyn aninvated his Men to board the ViceeAdmiral, which encouragement prov’d fo fuccefsful that they mafter’d the fame, killing all thofethat fellinto their hands; which fo amaz’d the two Veffels that lay by, that all the Men fwam afhore, and left their rich Ladingto thedifpofal of the Hollanders, befides which the vanquifh’d Party loft above a hundred and fifty Men, and the Conquerors but fifteen. Somewhat farther up lay three Ships more, but the River being dry there at Low-water, and fo narrow that the Trees on each Shore could touch one another, Heyn judg’d it convenient to profecute the Defign no farther, but to return with the three fore-mention’d Prizes, which he did mot without great difficulty ; for the Portuguefe had rais’d Battlements on each fide of the Mouth of the River Tapecipe, and ftopt the fame witha funk Veflel, which Heyn himfelf fet on fire at Low-water, and return’d untouch’d through thick Volleys of Shot, which flew about his Ears to the Fleet, leaving the three Ships to be fetcht off afterwards; to which end he commanded that they fhould hang fome of the taken Hides about the Fox Ketch’s Pinnace, the Carvel and Boats, that fo the Men which were in them might ftand fecure from the fmall Shot, and the rather, be- caufe the Ships could not be got out of the fhallow and narrow River but by-Toe- ing. Mean while the Governor of St. Salvador lay with 2 confiderable number of Citizens and Soldiers behind the fore-mention’d Battlements, not doubting but to ~ tak e Chap. VII. AMERICY. 527 take revenge for the Loffes fuftain’d by Heyn; who neveithelefs coming down thi: ther Toed outthe three Prize-fhips with Boats hung about with Hides, firing into the Enemies Battlements with his great Guns, which he had put aboard of the Fox Ketch. About the middle of June he took in the Prize-goods in view of the City St. Salvador, where {even Netherland Ships from feveral places lay atan Anchor. Setting Sail from hence of the fourteenth of July, and reaching Noronbo, known by a Mountain which appears like’a Steeple, he met with (ornelis Oole’s Fleet, ¢who had been Cruifing before La Placa) with whom he arriv’d fafe in the Texel, having in their Way thither from Noronbo taken a Prize, laden with Sugar, Tobacco, and Brafile Wood. | During Peter Heyn’s Expedition Thomas Sickes, fitted out by the We/t-India Coni- omit Sick pany, weighed Anchor out of the Texel with two Sail, and coming to St. Vincent he a found a Spanifh Veflel burnt down to the Hulk, took a Portugue/e Pink with Slaves from Angola: Near the Inlet Todos los Sanétos he funk a Barque; having firft taken feveral Pots of Oyl and Packs of Linnen out of the fame: Before Pernambuco he took a Carvel with a hundred and eighty Pipes of Wine, and a Veffel with Sugai and Hides, and drove another afhore againft the Promontory St. Augu/tine, But Sickes being fupply’d and ftrengthned by three Ships from the Texel, and four tas ken Veflels, ran with four to Todos los Santtos, fent two to Cruife about Cape St. Auguftine, and two moreto! the North of Pernambuco : Acthe Ifle Noronbo they were ordet’d to ftay a Moneth one for another, from whence, after much hardfhip, they return’d home with fo many rich Prizes, that they pay’d their Charges ten times double; which fo encourag’d the Adventurers, that the Chamber of the Weft-India Company in Zealand fitted out three Sail under the Command of Henrick Lucifer temick tx: who weighing Anchor from Flafhing Anno 1627. fteer'd along the Coaft of Africa Wi wp: to the Amazone River, and from thence North North-Weftto the Stream Wiapoco, pany. to fettle a Colony there; to which purpofe Rowing up the River with Sloops, they came in the Nightto two empty Houfes, built at a place call’d Wacogenive, which they judg’d fit for their purpofe; wherefore they carry’d all things. afhore which they had brought out of Zealand with them for the new Planters, who while they were all bufie building of Huts,a Negro was taken Prifoner, who being ask’d why the Inhabitants fled? reply’d, That it was occafion’d from a guilty Confcience ; for two years before a Barque and two Sloops with (briftians coming thither from the Amazone River, had ftay’d thirty days on Wacogenive, when unawares they were fet upon by the Natives, and all kill’d except three, who were yet living. Upon which Lucifer,having four Indians,three Men and one Woman, aboard of his Veliel, threatned to put them all tothe Sword, unlefs they would produce the three fore- mention’d Chriftians : Whereupon the next day a German came to the Water fide, of whom they could get little Information, he having ina manner forgot his native Tongue ; but at length the other two coming thither, the eldeft of them, nam’d Jobn Hendric{zgon, related to him, That the Portuguefe in great numbers fell upon the Plantations near the Amazone River, Govern’d by Captain Oudaen, who after he had fought valiantly a whole day, being overpower’d by number, retreated to his Barque, and Sail’d into the Creek inhabited by the Englifh, whither the Portugue/e following in Canoos, cut off not onely Oudaen, but the Englifh alfo, forty fix Men onely efcaping in a Barque under the Command of Lieutenant Peter de Bruine to the River Wiapoco ; where they had ftay’d about three days, when Sergeant Matruit treacheroufly fhot Lieutenant Bruine: after which the forty fix divided them. felves into four Parties ; but the Inhabitants. to rid themfelves of thefe Strangers, under the fhew of great friendfhip,made them Drunk with the Liquor call’d sista? Ccc2 an Peter Adri« an{zocn's Expedition, AMERICA. _ Chap. VIL and then murder’d them all, except himfelf and two Germans. Which villanous a& Lucifer judg’d worthy of punifhment ; but his Orders being to thew Kindnefs and Civility to the Inhabitants, he fuffer’d the Murder to go unpunifh’d, but built a tri- angular Fort near the River Wiapoco, on a Hill eight Fathom above the Shore, to prevent the paffing by of Sloops ; which done, he went to vifit the Ifland Blanco, where he caught three hundred Goats. From thence he went to the Bay of Honda, the Inhabicants whereof are a valiant People, tall of Stature, having long Beards, and wearing Copper Rings through their Ears. Near the Sea-fide is a Salt-pan, of which the Inhabitants make great benefit. Lucifer fetting Sail again from hehce, met with three Ketches fent out by the WefteIndia Company at Amflerdam, before Corientes. The Commander Dirk, Simonfxoon van Uitgeeft, fteering his Courfe to- wards the Promontory St. Anton, took a Frigat laden with Meal, Silk, and other rich Goods, and within view of Cuba near the River Poros, defcrying two brave Gallions from Honduras, bore up to them with his three Ketches, one of which, call’d The Lyon, being got betwixt’ both the Gallions, was in no {mall danger, the Netherlanders not being able to get up out of their little Veflel into the high Gallions, in which the Spaniards ftood pufhing them down with their Pikes ; but no fooner did the Netherlanders throw theit Hand-Granado’s amongft them, but Uitgeeft got aboard of the Gallion, and carry’d her off, whileft the other by nimble Sailing got away. With this Prize Witgee/t thinking himfelf {ufficiently enrich’d, fteer’d home- wards, | | Fooft Fobnfon and Claes Henrick{xoon, Commanding each of them a Ketch, took a a Ship coming. from Lisbon before Pernambuco, laden with Meal, Salt, Wine, and thirty Monks; and not long after a Pink with fix hundred Negro's, a Barque with Salt and Iron, 2 Ketch with Wine, anda Frigat with Brafile Wood, Sugar and To- bacco: Before Itamerica they took two Prizes more ; with all which they return’d to the Texel. t eloteie ON « The Wef/t-India Company thus. enrich’d by the Spoil taken from their Enemies, fitted out twelve Ships again under the Command of Peter Adrianfzoon Ita, which fet Sail in the beginning of the Year 1628. and anchor’d firft before Blanca, an Ifle abounding with Goats,the Ground ftonie, and in fome places/Rocky, and having a {mall, but very convenient Haven, from whence 'Ita ran beyond Porto Rico, where he took a Veffel with feven thoufand weight of Ginger, and Landed oppofite to Hifpaniola on the ftonie Ifle Catalina, where he took in frefh Water, and then Cruis’d to and again before Cuba, took fix Barques, the Prifoners whereof inform’d him, That the Honduras Traders were ontheir Way coming thither, and that they had twofmallMen of War for their Convoy: Not long after Ita difcover’d them Sailing along the Shore towards the Haven of Havana, but before they could get in, Captain John Peters, whofe Ketch carry’d two Brafs, and fourteen Iron Guns, boars ded the Vice-Admiral, but having no Graplings to take hold with, the Spanifh Ship ran aground, aslikewife John Peter/zoon in the purfuit of him; which the Admiral feeing, came'to affift his Vice-Admiral, and ran aground on one fide of Fohn Peters, which drove the Netherlanders Ketch in great danger, fhe not being able to do Exe- cution with her {mall Guns, whileft the Spaniards with their Demy-Cannon play’d vehemently upon her ; neither was Ita, by reafon of calmnefs and contrary Tide, able to come up with them, but was forc’d to ftand Northerly, that fo he might: get an Eafterly Wind, which about Noon always blows frefh here, and fo by de- grees got near the Spanifh Fleet, till atlaft coming up with the Vice-Admiral, call’d St. Jago, he threw Fire-pots into her, and prefently after boarding her, enter’d with that Valor, that of three hundred Spaniards above a hundred and fifty were flain ; , = at Sali de gc ) a Chap. VII. AMERICA 529 for thofe that leapt over-board were kill’d inthe Water, whileft Joachim Guyszoon, jobn Braems, and Anthony Gonde fell upon the Admiral Sennora de los Remedios , and took her. In both thefe Ships Ita took Two thoufand five hundred Chefts of Ins digo; above Six thoufand Hides, Twothoufand five hundred Packs of Sarfaparilla, feveral Pots of Balfam Oyl, Seventy thoufand Pound of Ginger, One and twenty Bats of Silver, Twelve Brafs, and Twenty eight Iron Guns ; all which having taken out, he fet fire in both the Ships. A little before this Viétory , the Fortune Frigat weighed Anchot from Flu/bing, with fixty three Men of War, to be Landed on the Ifland Tabago. At St. Vincent they found two Men that were left of feven , who having fetled along the River Wiapow, under Captain John Van R yen, were forc'd by the falvage Natives to remove, two whereof dyed by the way, the remaining five landing onthe Ifle Trinidad, had three of their Companions kill’d by the Indians of Granada, they being Frenchemen, to whom the Natives bore an inveterate Hatred , fo that they left onely the two Follanders alive. The Fortune affifted by the South-/tar Ketch , took a rich Barque near the Jfles des Virgines. ; | Not long after the Weft-India Company fet out twelve Ships more, under the ss? Command of Derick Simon/zon Uitgeeft, (who had the year before brought home the ow two fore-mention’d great Prizes,) who fetting Sayl and getting into the large Bay of the Rocky Ifland Vincent , catch’d feveral Goats and Tortels. Before the Coaft of Brafile he took two rich Carvels, one from Pernambuco, and another from the Ine Jet Todos los Sanétos ; which Prizes having fent home with three Ketches, he fayl’d towards Sierre Leona, known by high and thick Woods, which grow ona high Coaft; from whence returning agai to Pernambaco , he took fix richladen Vele fels , amongft which was one Gallioon from Goa, witha great Treafure of Dia- monds, | AEs | Thefe fuccefsful Expeditions of the Fleets fet out from time to time by the Eapeditons Weit-India Company, enabled and encourag’d them to undertake Matters of great- er confequence, viz, They fitted out one and thirty Sail,,'which carryed four thou. fand Men , one hundred and thirty Brafs Guns, and five hundred fifty eight Iron Guns; of which Peter Peterszoon Hein being Admiral, took near the Soundings of Tortuga, two Barques from Havana, the Men whereof inform’d him, that the Plate- Fleet was not yetarriv'd there, nor that from Terra Firma, but were both expected every day... The ftrong Current drove Peter Hein farther Eaftward beyond Havana than he expected , infomuch that he got fight of Matanca, where he overtook a Barque fent out by Landronce de Cabrera, Governor of Havana, to give notice to the Plate Fleet of the Hollanders Ships, which he had feen from the Caftle Morro before . Havana: Mean while John Van Hoorn took a Veflel which was {ent out before by Poy the Plate Fleet ; the Men whereof inform’d him that the Fleet it felf was near at sect ipes hand; which Peter Hein found to be true,when the next Morning before Sun-rifing then he defcry’d ten Sayl, of which fomehad ignorantly fayled to Leeward,and others to Windward. of the Dutch Fleet. nine'of them which were Laden with Hides, Meal, Campeche-Wood, Cochinele, Indigo, and other rich Goods, were taken by feveral Mann’d Sloops, becaufethe Ships were not able to. come up to them by reafon of the Calm. About Noon Peter Hein difcovering nine Gallions more, made fudden Chace after them ; which they perceiving, made toward the Shore, and about Twilight in the Evening they ran aground in the Bay of Matanca, where the Commanders Landing faved themfelves, each carrying with him what Jewels they could. About Break of Day Peter Hein made all the Say! he could poffible to come up with them) and {eeing them. faft aground, leapt into a Boat and Rowed 3 Cee 3 up \ 530 AMERICA. Chap. VII, up tothe Admiral, who fired eight Guns, whileft his Men got afhore : Hein aps proaching the Gallioon, faw no way to get up, till at laft one of his Men {pying a Rope, climb’d up the fame, and-made faft other Ropes for his Companions to get up by, the Spaniards tanding ftill gaping upon him, as if their feet and hands had been ty’d , which made Peter Hein grant them their Lives; which the other Gal- lions feeing, furrender’d themfelves upon promife of Quarter ; by which the Spa- nifhb Crown loft , befides the Musk, Bezoar, Ambergreece , and the Cargo of two Gallioons and a rich Prize, above One hundred and fifty Tun of Gold. The Night fucceeding this great Victory being fomewhat Tempeftuous, drove the Gallioons from the Bank on which they ftuck the Day before, into deeper Wa- ter: Five Days they {pent in unlading of the taken Veflels, after which Peter Hein fet Sayl with four Gallioons, anew Spanifh Merchant-Man, and his own Fleet, out of the Bay of Matanca, on the Seventh of September, Anno 1628. for Holland , where in a fhort time he fafely arriv’d. The Exped? ©The Tyger Frigat fent from Zealand,and Commanded by Lucas Pol, Anchor’d be- Pa.“ fore Blanca, where he brought away above five hundred Goats : This Ifland which | is fix Leagues in circumference, hath on the Weft a Sandy Inlet, fit for great Ships to Ride at Anchor; Moreover, it is fteepand Rocky, in the Valleysthe Grafs grows above half a Manslength. The Woods are overgrown with Thorns; the Soy] alfo would produce much more fruit, did not the Rats, Leguanes, Hedge-hogs, and other Animals, devour and fpoil the Plants. Pol leaving this Ifland ran to Tortuga, a low Ifle, except on the Weft fide; it pro- duces Guaiacum, or Pockewood, in great abundance, and nourifhes great Flocks of Goats, and hath an eminent SaltePan ; in all which things it is parallel’d with the Ifland Orchilla, known by its high Mountains onthe Eaftand Weft ; the other part thereof not being above fix Foot above the Water : Pol Landing here, catry’d off above two hundred Goats near the Weftern Shore, whofe bryny Soil produces neither Grain, nor Grafs, ' The Trees which are on the fame are fo dry and weak, that they may be pufhtdown with one hand ; Neither are there any Birds to be found here, except Owls’; nor Beafts, except Goats and great Hedgechogs. Pol fayling from hence, fteer’d by the nine Wooddy Ifles call’d Roceas, and the three call’d Aves, to,Bonaire, a pretty large rifing Ile, which on the North-Weft hath a convenient Road, a frefh Water-fpring, ftore of Sheep, on which the Spaniards live ; Pock-wood, and Cotton Trees : Then fteering to the Ifle Mona, he found the fame to be furrounded with Rocks, and full of Horned Cattel difficult to be catch’d becaufe of the thick Woods, in which grow exceeding good Oranges. » Pol leaving this Ifle, fet fayl and fteer’d for Flafhing, where he fafely arriv’d without ha- ving perform’d any remarkable Exploits. | firien Pur Mean while the Weft-India Company fitted out twelve Sayl more, under the tion, Command of Adrian Fobnzon Pater, who fet fayl in the middle of Augu/t, and Crui- {ed in vain about the Flemmifh Ifles for Spanifh Ships : About the beginning of the Year 1629. he fent away three Ships under the Command of Martin Landrode, from the Ifland of Ste Vincent , whileft he himfelf ran with'the:reft of the Fleet into the Inlet Todos los Sanétos., within a League from the City Salvador , where there lay onely feven Barques near the Shore , which he judging not worth’the while to-ha- zard his Shipsand Men for, fteer’d to Pernambuco, took a‘rich Laden Barque in his Voyage, and was inform’d by a Brafilian that came aboard of him on floating Pie- ces of Timber, that three Sayl of Ships full of Goods were return’d to’ Reciffa, fo foon as they heard of the Dutch Fleet : But Pater judging no good to be done there, return’d back to the Caribbee I/lands , where near Granada he tound three Dutch Vel- . . fels, Chap. VII. AMERICA, yt fels, which had likewifé Cruis’d in vain before the Coat of Brafile. ) Moréover, the Pegafus, Raven, and Hart Frigats, parted from the Fleet to Cruife about Monges, tous ching at Blanca, they took abovea thoufand Goats, and between the Cliffs of the liccle Ifles Monges, abundance of Fith ; but defcrying no Spanifh Ships, they Sail’d to the Ifland De Vacca, which hath a brave Harbor, delightful Woods, pleafant Pas ftures, frefh-water Brooks, and abundance of wild Horfes, Hogs, and Lyons, of which the Sea-men took an infinite number. Before the low Promontory Corientes, overgrown with Trees, they got two Prizes laden with Campeche Wood. Thefe three fore-mention’d Frigats, as alfo the Walcheren and South-ftar from Zealand, joyn’d with Pater’s Fleet, whenhe receiv’d Information, that a confiderae ble number of Spanifh Ships were fuddenly expeéted from Campeche : Whereupon Paters divided his Fleet into three Squadrons, whereof the Forlorn confifted of three Sail, the Referve of the like number, and the Admiral kept five under his own Command: Thus divided, they ftood to and again before Cape Corientes, when Captain John Stapel brought three, and Jobn van Hoorn four Netherland Ships to their affiftance. Floorn having fet Sail from the Texel about-the latter end of April, was beaten off Heorw’s Ex from Granada with poyfon’d Arrows, and took a Prize before the Promontory ait St. Anthony, the Men whereof inform’d him, that the Governor Gabriel de Chaves Oforio, an old Soldier, had great trouble in repairing the Walls, Forts and Houfes in the City, which two years before had been blown down by a great Storm, and that fix great Ships were lading to go for Carthagena with the Gallions for Spain, becaufe they durft not Steer by Porto Rico for fear of the Netherlanders , moreover, that abun- dance of Ginger was {poyl’d for-want of Veflélsto carry it away; and that the Citizens were in great want for Stuffs,none having come in a long time from Spain; in like manner there went none but Copper. Coin, fo that nothing was to be got there. .The Silver and GoldeMines were not look’d after, the Spaniards not caring to work, and the old Natives weredong fince cut off, infomuch that if the Imperial Court was not kept in St. Domingo, to which belong’d Cumana and (oro, that City and Ifland, and Aii/paniola it {elf, would foon be leftdefolate. Hoorn theres fore Sail’d by the Promontory St. Crniz, being alow Point overgrown with Trees, into the Bay, twenty Leagues from the Mouth whereof lie the Ifles Jardin de la Reyna. Before (orientes he took a Barque with three hundred and fix Guns, fene from Havana, the Men whereof inform’d him, That the Governor of Havana, call’d Laurence de Cabrera; having Intelligence of the Dutch Fleets approach, \rais’d many © Men, and gave notice to the Ships in all the Harbors thereabouts , after which he took another rich Prize, and joyn’d at laft with Paters Fleet, which now confifted of twenty Sail, with which he Steer’d for the Soundings of Tortugas, where the Fleet met with a dreadful Tempeft, wherein a Thunderbolt fplitting the Main- Yard of the Hunter Frigat, fell down by the Maft, and rowl’d out at one of the Port-holes, kill’d the Purfer, and wounded two more in the Head: great fhow- ers of Rain fell daily, when Samuel Lucas and Captain Outger Minne brought feven Sail of Ships more to the Fleet, with which Paters put in for frefh Provifions into the {pacious and fecure Haven De Cabannas, where feveral Ifles lie, formerly inha- bited by Shepherds and Carpenters. | From hence Paters Sail’d by Havana, mended the Portsholes of his lower Deck, and took off the Top-gallant Mafts, becaufe in September the ufual Storms begin here; and feeing that he could not do any Exploit with fo great a Fleet, he fent nine Ships home, and with the.reft went to Barbados; where-at that time there were about fifteen hundred, Bxglijh that Planted Tobacco. | TSS SOP . Pater $32 AMERICA. Chap. VIL. Paters Sailing from hence, ran to the Main Continent of America, infpected the River Oronogue, where he quenched the Town St. Thomas, that had been fet on fire by the fled Inhabitants, and brought aboard all what they had left. | Kenrick tom During his fruitlefs Expedition ,the We/t-India Company Rigg’d out twenty feven aves *xpedic Soil under the Command of Henrick Longue, Peter ita, and foot Bankart, the Land- Soldiers being Commanded by Diederick van Waerdenberg. Longue coming to St. Vine cent, ftay’d a long time at Anchor there; for in regard the Spaniard in the Low Coun- treys rang’don the Veluwe, and had taken Amersfoort, the States of the United Nether- lands were fore’d to keep thofe Men in their Service which the We/t- India Company had rais'd.; but fo foon as Weel was retaken, and the Hartogen-Bofch won by Frede- rick Flenrick, Price of Orange, thirty fix Sail were fent to Lonque’s affiftance ; of which fome came fooner to him than others at St. Vincent, where he had ftay’d four Moneths without doing any remarkable Exploit. On St. Steven’s Day he fet Sail with fifty two Ships, thirteen Sloops, and two. Prizes, all Mann’d with feven thoufand Men, which meeting with contrary Winds and Calms, lay a great while under the Line, the Scurvey began to encreafe amongft them daily, infomuch that above twelve hundred lay fick, and three hundred dy’d fince they fet Sail from St. Vincent ; yet atlaft Longue getting fight of Olinda, fent Waerdenberg on the fourth of February with fixteen Ships, carrying three thoufand Mento Payvo Morello, a Wood 4 lying two Leagues Northward from Olinda, where he fuddenly Landed, notwith- ftanding the Portuguefe guarded the Shore with two thoufand Men, whom Waerden- berg, after a fhort Skirmifh , putting to flight, was the whole Night in Arms, Takes ofnds andthe next day became Mafter of Olinda, by breaking in'on the North at the fame time, when Colonel Schutte Storm’d on the South, Moreover, the Enemy furren: dred the two Forts on Reciffa, and forfook the Ifland. | About the middle of March nine Ships which were wanting to make up Lonque’s Fleet; came to an Anchor by him, having brought him above fix hundred Soldiers, many Guns, all manner of Ammunition under the Command of Lieutenant Colo- nel Alexander Seton, and the three Adjutants Fobn' de Bruine , Philip Serooskerken, and Hordtius Calandryn, who immediately order’d the Cloyfter on Antonio Vaes to be for- tifi’d, and builea Fort with four Bulwarks at the Entrance of Pozo inthe Countrey Reciffa. Setonjalfo fet fireon the Suburbs of Olinda, in which the Enemy had Lodg’d the Night before, and endeavor’d to’poyfon the’ ftefh Water on Antonio Vaes, when ona fudden the Netherlanders fell upon them ; two which drank of the Water dy’d, and others fell into great Fits.of Sickneffes, and it’ wanted ‘little but that the Admi- ral Longue, with a Company of fifty Mufquetteers, had been kill’d returning from Reciffato Olinda, he being unawares fet upon by two Companies of Portuguefes and Brafilians, who kill’d abovethirty fix of his Men, and dangeroufly wounded fix more, fothat he brought off but eight Men unhurt. The like Misfortune be- fell the Woodecutters on Antonio Vaes, furpris’d by the Portuguefe from an Ame bufcade. | 2 a3 oS RA Whileft Affairs ftood thus about Olinda, there firt arriv’d two Ships from the United Netherlands.at Reciffa, not long after four more; Commanded by John Walbeek, and eight more under the Admiral’ Dirik yan Uitgeeft, who was follow'd by the Noahs Ark. ; | , About the fame time Dirk de Ruiter fer Sail with fix Ships, and Peter Ita with ten, , to Cruife at Sea. we et ‘ “ae = haveing fee About the beginning of February, Lonque having put all things in good order, pre- Temy, « pard to return home, and weigh’d Anchor with nine Ships. But ‘ta going from tanowly.” ‘Reciffa to Olinda, to take his leave ofthe Council there, was fuddenly furpris’d af- ter 4 - 4 Chap. VIL | . ef MM E R_ I C A. 433 cer a ftrange manner; he had ninety Mufquetteers for his Guard, whofe Matches were all put out, and their Arms all wet by a great fhower of Rain, which they perceiving from their Ambufcades, immediately got crofs the River, and kill’d thirty of the Netherlanders, the reft running away, left Ita to defend himfelf, which he did for fome time with his Sword, but had abfolutely been flain, had he not re- ceiv'd Aid from Olinda. : | ek Becaule the Portuenefe made feveral Attempts upon the Netherlanders, not withs out damage on both fides, the Weft-India Company often fent Ships to their affi- ftance ; and likewife many Brafilians deferting the Portuguefe, joyn’d with the Nes therlanders, who built a five-corner’d Fort with Bulwarks about the Cloyfter on Ans tonio Vaes ; which to prevent, the Portuguefe ventur’d many a Sally, though not with- out confiderable lofs on their part. They alfo reported, that Frederick de Toledo was making thither with a great Fleet, to drive the Netherlanders out of Brafile , at which they taking the Alarm, put themfelves all into 2 pofture of Defence, rais’d new Works about the Caftle on Reciffa, whileft'the Ships which Cruis’d on that Coaft brought in feveral Prizes. jobn Walbeek being chofen General by the We/t-India Com pany over Brafile, had a Defign on the Promontory St. Auguftine ; but it came to no effect, becaufe the Sea beat fo vehemently againft the Shore. The Report of the great preparation of a Fleet which was making ready in-Gres sup: plies fent to Spain, mov'd the We/t- India Company to raife more Men, and to fend ont Admiral 2a" the Paters with feventeen Ships, which all arriv’d fafe, except the Black Lyon Frigat, Wee toa which carrying the Lieutenant-Colonel Alrz and Captain Vitgee/t, was never” heard of. : Jooft Bankart was alfo {ent out in March with eight Ships to St. Helena, to Cruife there for the rich Carraks which us’d to Water there; bur though he ftay’d till’ Ay- guj? before this fruitful Ifland, yee faw not one Ship at Sea, nora Man on the Ifland; but great numbers of Sea-pies, which are fo tame, that they fuffer themfelves to be taken up with the Hand, or knock’d on the Head with Sticks. Near this Ifle It@took a Ketch Prize,and rallying his whole Fleet together,Steer’d for the Caimans ; the moft Eaftern Ifle whereof being about three Leagues long, is full of Rocks, with a high Point on the Eaft; the other partthereof is plain. Then dividing his Fleet into feven Squadrons, he made them all ready for an Engages ment, when he wasinform’d by an Englifh-man before Corientes, that Frederick de 'Tos ledo had {et Sail with eighty Ships from Havana to Spain, of which he had fent back eight Gallions to Carthagena: Hereupon bending his Courfe near Havana, he put the whole Countrey to an Alarm, burnt a rich laden Veffel, and another that carry’d a Flag on the Fore-top, anda third laden with Ballaft. Joachim Guyfen being made Commander of the Dolphin Frigat, and {ent to joyn with Admiral Pater’s Squadron,was driven below Jamaica, and at laft ftrook againft the great Caiman, where his Veflel was all fhatter’d to pieces, but all his Men and Goods being fav’d, he {pent fixteen Weeks in making a Ketch of the pieces of the Dolphin, and brought a hundred and twenty Men, four Brafs,and two Iron Guns to the Fleet, having buried the reft on (aiman. Five Leagues beyond Havana, a Spanifh Ship laden with (Campeche Wood and Sar- faparilla, being chafed againft the Shore, was fet on fire by her own Men, which the Fiollanders attempted twice in vain to put out. : After this Ita’s Fleet lay long upon the Coaft of Cuba, but finding no Spanifh Vel> fels, and their Provifions growing {carce, return’d back to the Texel, where they atriy’d without doing any farther Exploits. 3 n _ 534. AME R_I C A. Chap. Vil. Inthe meanwhile Pater lying before Punta del Gallo, intending to Invade the City built on the Shore of the Ifland Trinidad ; but the Fort built at the Mouth of the River, and contrary Current preventing his Defign, he ran through the mid- dlemoft Hole of Boccas to Blanca, where he caught two thoufand Goats and a Bo. naive, fet feveral Towns on fire, whileft the Spaniards made a Smother of dry Stub- ble all along the Fields, through which the Hollanders were to return, that fo they might be choak’d with the Smoak ; which their Invention had prov’d fuccefsful, had not the Hollanders forc’d a Way through a Wood. At laft the Fleet leaving Hi- [paniola, Steer’d for St. Martha, a Town built on the Main Coaft between Carthas gend, and the River La Hacha, being inftigated thereto by a Letter (taken by the Hollanders in a Prize) writ by the Governor Exteronymo de Queroto the Spanifh King , st: aersa Which Letter fet forth the prefent Condition of St. Martha, whereby they conceiv’d bu,’ great hopes of a poffibility of taking it, and of the Advantages that would accrue thereby : nor did it happen contrary. to their expectation ; for the Admiral Landing his Men, took the City without the leaft refiftance ; and though the great Fort fir’d fome Guns, yet it foon furrendred on promife of Quarter ; the City alfo was fav’d from being burn’d, by paying fifty five hundred Pieces of Eight, after they had plunder’d the fame, and carry’d away whatfoe’re they thought good. Mean while the Provifions growing f{carce in the Fleet, Pater judg’d it convenient to return home, where he arriv’d fafely with all his Prizes. | The vali Notable Exploits were perform’d by Jobn Lichthart,one of which,amongft others Job Lith- ought not to be omitted, viz, he fetting Sail homewards from Reciffa about the beginning of Oétober Anno 1630. chanc’d to fall with his Ship, the Over-yzel,amongft five Bifcayan Pyrats, Cruifing between the French and Englifh Coaft, which thought to clap him aboard ona fudden ; but they feeing him bear up to them, were afraid to venture, and Tack’d about : after which he was fetupon about three Leagues to the Northward of the Lizard, by three Frigats belonging to Dunkirk, the biggeft whereof carry’d thirty fix Guns, the fecond twenty eight, and the laft twelve , with which three he maintain’d a Fight eight hours, in which he had fourteen Men kill’d, and thirty two wounded ; his Ship refembled a Wreck, the Main-maft being fhot overboard, the Rudder hung by pieces at the Stern, and the Tackling all fhatter’d and torn, befides feven Shot under Water, and not lefs than four hundred through the fides above, but not without fufficient marks of retribution on the Dunkirkers fide; but Lichthart getting into Plymouth, mended hisShip, and from thence Sail’d to Amfterdam, where he was Prefented with-a Gold Chain in recompence of his Valor. the Expeti- Lhe Expedition of the Brown-Fi/h Frigat is alfo remarkable, which Sailing be- Homs-re Youd (ape de Verd, Steer’d by Cape Roxo along the Shore to the River Catchien, at Figs whofe Mouth lie two Shelves, and between them ran a Channel through which the Ships pafs’d. The Brown-Fi/h Sailing about a League up the River, which is a Mile in breadth, took a-Portuguefe Barque. The Seamen alfo Landing on the Ife Bifis, {fpake Portuguefe with the Natives, who are Coal-black, and have ftrong Bodies, go _ Arm’d with Darts, Bowes, Arrows, Symiters, and were Baptiz’d by a Prieft fent thither from Portugal, who with a few Countreyemen had builea Chappel and fome Houfes there. | From hence the Brown-Fifh Sail’d to the moft Northern Ifle Bifegos, which is con- tinually at Wars with Bi/sis. The King of this Ifle receiving fome Prefents from the Netherlanders, gave leave to his Subjects, fhie at firft, to go aboard of them. ' Steering from hence to Noronbo, they found the Inhabitants carry’d away, and their Gardens and Houfes ruin‘d, fo that they could get nothing but wild Pum- pions 5 gn :__ = al —_— ioe oc” ae ee = - rc s * ae a ale = —-- Se Chap. VII. AMERICA . Sa ee pions torefrefh themfelves with; therefore leaving the Ifle they anchor’d a¢ Reciffa. | km 2 VEY W973. | cota Inthe interim, whileft thefe Expeditions were carry’d on as hath been related j Captain John Boon-eter (who parted from the Admiral Ita’s Fleet with eight Sail of Ships) Cruis'd to and again before Hi/paniola till Way Anno 1631. neat Mona he took a rich Veflel coming from Porto Rico, another before the Ifland Vacca, and a third full of Ginger, with which he Steer’d to the Tortugas, being feven in number, refembling rather fandy Flatsthan Iles. Before Havana he alfo chafed feveral Vet. fels, but loft fight of them in the Night. Mean while their Provifions growing fhort, the Seamen were defirous to return ; which Boon-eter would no way yield to, becaufe the time began to approach in which the Spanifh Ships came from all places to Havana ; but the Men mutinying forc’d him to Steer to the Texel, where they ar- tiv'd without doing any confiderable Exploit advantageous to the We/telndia Company. | | But at the fame time fourteen Ships, three Sloops, and feven great Pinnaces, weighed Anchor from Reciffa with athoufand two hundred and fixty Men, divided into twelve Companies, under the Command of Hartman Godefrid and Stein Callen- fels; who Landing on the Ifland Tamarica, match’d along a bad and narrow Path, The Fort of partly craggy and partly fandy, toa Fort built ona high Afcent overgrown with fue d by Brambles in fuch a manner, that it was impoffible for them to break through, ee whileft they in the Fort fir’d continually upon Stein Callenfels, who judg’d it conves nient to draw off, and Storm the Caftle on another fide. L The Admiral Pater newly come from the Texel to Olinda, ‘fent three Ketches, a Sloop, and two Pinnaces, beyond the Town Tamarica, to prevent the Enemies crof fing over to the Main, and keep off their Fire-fhips. They alfo receiv’d Informa- tion from three Portugue/e and five Brafilian Prifoners, That the Caftle, furrounded with Fens and Brambles, had fixteen Guns; and that Albuquerque had fen eight hundred Men to affift the three hundred that lay in Garrifon there before. The Captains Le Grand and Arciffeusky found two other Ways that led to the Fort, but al- together unfit to march along with their Men and Guns. Pater alfo Row’d round the Ifland with Sloops, and fathom’d the Water, whileft Arciffeusky Sailing up the River to Garafi, f{uppos’d that he had found a much better place tormake(A Onfet on the Caftle in, than had been found out yet ; but the Council of Olinda and Stein Callenfels look’d uponit as too great a hazard to Storm a Fort, to which the Ways lay fo much to the Enemy’s advantage, a {mall number in the fame being able to beat off a confiderable Party ; therefore it was judg'd beft, and concluded upon, to build a Fort on alittle Ile near Tamarica, atthe Mouth of the River ; to which purpofe the Engineer Buuren contriv’d a {quare Caftle with a long Horn-work, which was call’d Orange ; in which the Captains Aciffeusky, Mellingen, and Beyer, were left in Garrifon with their Companies, whileft the reft of the Regiment re- turn’d to Reciffa. ’ Mean while Antonio de Oquendo brought a great Fleet to St. Salvador , and Callenfels drew four Companies of Mufquetteers, and a great company of Seamen with Pick axes and Spades out of the Fort Frederick Henrick into the Field,and marching Souths ward along private Ways, he found the River ftrongly fortifi'd near the Forts A/fo- gados, having above and below a row of ftrong Pallifado’s ; yet the Portuguefe that guarded thefe Works after a {mall refiftance fled, and leftall : But becaufe a gene- tal Alarm drew many People in Arms out of Real, and feveral other places, Callenfels drew off in good order, and was inform’d by a Prifoner call’d Peter Alves, that the Fort Affogados receiv’d that Denomination from the River on which it was built . | Sf i eee that ‘sae Fight between the leet and Spantfh Fleet. Admiral Pa- ter drown'd, AMERICA. | Chap. VII. that there lay generally a hundred and fifty Men in Garrifon there ; that about a Mile farther was the Fort Pirange, that Peter de Acunha bore the ckiet Command next to Albuquerque over the Militia, who us ‘d few Mufquets but'what had Fire-locks, and that they wanted no Ammunition, for fix great Carvels loaden with the fae had not long fince ftor’d them with great plenty thereof. The Netherlanders alfo underftanding by Letters which they had taken, that the Tapuyans were very much incens’d againft the Portugue/e, who ftood in great fear of thefe falvage People, ic was judg’d convenient by the Council at Olinda, to invite the Tapuyans to be their Friends. On the eleventh of September Anno 1631. Admiral Pater and Vice-Admiral Mar- tin Thyfzgon, whofe joint Forces were fifteen Men of War and three Ketches, carry- ing nine Companies of Foot, Commanded by Captain Bngelbert Schutte, deleeyiag the Spanifh Fleet about an hour before Sun-fet; animated all the Officers and Cap- tains to regard their Honor and Oath which they had taken ; telling them, That on this Engagement would depend the Welfare: or Ruine of the Wejt-India Com- pany. But his Men were not fo much heartned by his Speech, as daunted at the fight of the Spanifh Fleet, which confifted of twelve Caftilian and five Portuguese Gal- lions, and twenty fix other Vefflels, as Pinks, Fly-boats and Carvels, all well ‘Mann’d and full of Guns, the Gallions cartying whole and Demi-Cannons; the ‘Admiral, call’d Antonio de Oquendo, carrying forty eight great Guns in his Gallion; call’d St. Jago; whereas they had receiv’d Information but of four Gallions and eighteen lefler Vellels, neverthelefs Pater no whit difcourag’d, boarded him about ten a Clock the next Morning, whileft Captain Jobn Maft boarded him on the other fide, which occafion’d a bloody Engagement ; and it would have prov’d fatal to the Svisnitids had not Pater’s Stern taken fire, which he endeavoring in vain to put out, and none coming to his affiftance, after he had hung a good while by a Ropeat the Spanifh Admiral’s Bowe, he was forc’d through faintnefs to let go and fall into the Water, whileft his Ship was blown up, a few of his Men onely being fav’d by Oquendo. Inthe mean time Martin Thyfzoon boarded the Gallion Antonio de Padua, Commanded by the Vice-Admiral Francifco de Vallezilla on one fide, atdithe Utrecht Frigat ogethe other, which after half an hours Engagement loft her Main-maft, and after a ts, ‘p Fight fy; four hours the Fire took hold of her Sails; which the Nether. landers not being able to quench, leap’d defperately over into the Spanifh Vicee Admiral ; but he having two hundred and fixty Men aboard, beat them off, forcing them to leap into the Water, or felltheir Lives ata dear rate. But Captain Thyf- zoon had better fuccefs, for he not onely funk the Vice-Admiral, but took the Bona- ventura Gallion, and Like witke gave the Gallion John Bapti/ta fo many fhot under Wa- © ter, that fhe funk likewife. The Night approaching ended this bloody Engage- ment ; and the Netherlanders. Fleet much damnifi'd ftood Northwards, with inten- tion to return to Reciffa. The next Morning Oguendohad loft fight of them, but de- {cry’d. them again on the fifteenth of September, and kept in view of them the fix fol- lowing days, five Leagues from him tothe Eaft, or Eaft South-Eaft, Martin Thyf- zon coming to an Anchoxbefors Reciffa on the twenty {econd of September. About the fame time the 4m/terdam Frigat fet Sail from thence for St. Salvador, with intention to joyn with Pater’s Fleetthere, but not finding the Admiral, re- turn’d, and near Cape St. Augu/tine difcover’d the Spanifh Fleet , wherefore taaaieg clofe behind them fhe receiv’d four Guns from Oquendo, which fhe anfwer’d, and kept ata diftance from them the whole Night, in hopes to meet with one fingle Veffel or other belonging to the Fleet, but the Spanifh Vice-Admiral bearing lit- tle Sail, guarded the Rere, and fir’d continually a at the Am/terdam Frigat, who fear ing Chap. VI. AMER IC z. wae: iy, ing an unlucky Bullet, made all the Sail fhe could poflible, atid brought news of the approach of the Spanifh Fleet to Reciffa. Soon after which the Elephant came fromthe Dutch Fleet thither, with a full Account of the fore-mention’d Engage- ment, viz. That befides the Admiral Pater, there were flain Captain Thomas Sickes, (ormillion, and Lieutenant Steenbergen, alfo that two Ships, the Prince William and the Province of Utrecht, were funk : In lieu of which they had taken the Gallion call’d The Bonaventura, with twenty fix Brafs Guns, weighing above fixty four thoufand Pound, two hundred and forty Ca/tilians, and a great parcel of Sugarand Tobacco : Amongft the Prifoners was one call’d Francifco,de Fuentes, who being Examin’d, gave this Information, viz. That the Fleet carry’dtwo Regiments of Spaniards and one of Italians ; in which three Regiments were four thoufand Men, under the . ; Command of Conde del Bangniola ; and that upon the fetting out of Ferdinand, the ‘ King’s Brother, to the Netherlands, all the chiefeft Gallions and Dunkirk Ships were fent for, and Englifh Veflels hit’d, to convey him fafe to the Flemmifh Coaft, which made Oquenda fet Sail with fo much the lefler numiber to St. Salvador s that the funk Gallion, call’d Antonio de Padua, had fourteen Brafs Guns in her Hold, befides twenty fix that were mounted. they | Soon after a Brajfilian that had pafs’d by Albuquerque’s Army to Olinda, brought Ine TwoTeigyen formation, That he was fent by Jandui and Oquenou, two Kings belonging to the Tz- whet Servi puyans, to enquire if the Topatingas (for fo they call’d the Netherlanders that belong’d: Trl to the We/t-India Company) did yet refide in Pernambuco, with Proffers to affift them with their Forces. Moreover, he inform’d them, That fince his departure from Boudewyn Henrick/zoon, a great many of the Tapnyans Petivares were kill’d by the Por- tuguefe near the River Grande and Inlet Trajiciaon, becaufe they had affifted Henrick/- xoon, who had left them helplefs at his departure. He added alfo, That if the We/ts India Company would give the other Brafilians any affurance to affift the Tapuyans, it would be neceffary to Confult about it near the River Grande. This Propofal was found to be of fo weighty a Concern, that Ellert Smient being fent with the Ship call’d The New Netherland, and a great Sloop, to Siara, to make farther enquiry into the Bufinefs, was accompanied by a Renegado Portu- guefe call’d Samuel Cochin, and feveral Brafilians (whom Henrick/zoon upon their Re- queft carry’d with him from the Inlet Trajiciaon to Holland) who went, under pre- tence of vifiting. their Relations at the River Grande and Siara, to invite their Counz trey-men to joyn with the Netherlanders. During Smient’s abfence many Confultations were held about the demolifhing mis deter ted and de- or defending of the City Olinda, about which there had formerly been many Con- molitvé by tefts ; but at laft the Voices carry’d it, which were for the demolifhing thereof; in és. regard it was of little Confequence; and could not be kept without many Men and great Charges, becaufe of its bad Situation, whenas their Men might do greater Service in other places: Wherefore they began to carry all things neceflary from Olinda to Reciffa, and on the twenty fourth of November the City was fet on fire with Barrels of Pitch and Tar, being in a light flame at every corner, whileft Stein Callen- fels drew off the Garrifon in good order to Reciffa ; and immediately fixteen hun- dred Men under his Command were put aboard of fixteen Veffels, with intention to go to Parayba ; but the Enemy having a fortnight before had notice of this De- fign, had fortifi'd him(elf all along the River. Callenfels approaching, efpy'd twelve Portuguefe Standards, and the Men ready on the Breaft-works to prevent his Land- ing ; yet neverthelefs he not regarding their Bullets, prefs’d in amongftthem, and forc’d the Enemy from his Works. | | Near the Water ftood aStone Caftle, and on one fide of ica large Store-houle ; Ddd on 7 538. AMERICA. Chap. VII. on. the Mountain near the City appear’d the Francifcan Cloyfter ; the Fort rais’d of Earth had four Bulwarks, and twenty fix Guns, according tothe Information of the Eye-witnefles Drevis and Berfter, who were fent thither as Spies. ma (allenfels Landed not fo carefully but that he loft forty Men, either kill’d from eur wen: Behind the Breaftworks, or out ofa neighboring Wood. Being inform’d by a Por- ee eee tuguefe Prifoner, of the ill Condition of the Town, and how flenderly it was provi- ded, he immediately rais’d a Sconce, two Watch-houfes, and a Pallifado, from which he-fir’d with two Guns on the Caftle, and made feveral Trenches ; but the Befieged were {tronger in People and Guns than the Befiegers, who being fearce able, by reafon of their {mall number, to keep Guards inall places, were alfo tir’d out under a hot Climate, and fainted for want of Provifions, infomuch that in two daysthere dy’d and fell fick above two hundred. wherefore Callenfels judo’dic beft to draw off in time ; which that they might do fecurely, they made a Redoubt, and the fix Companies Commanded by the Captains Redinchoven, Meppelen, Cloppene burg, Schenk, Byma, and Cook, refolv’d upon a defperate Attempt, as followeth : Marching privately through a Wood behind the Enemy’s Works, they fell in at one fide upon the Portuguese Trenches, from whence they drove them after a {mall refiftance, and forc’d them to flie towards the Fort, whither they were purfu’d with {uch eagernefs, that thofe who were in the Fort, left the Hollanders might get in with them, lock’d up the Avenues againft their own Men ; at which they were foamaz’d,. that fome of them climb’d up by the Walls of the Fort, but were either kill’d by the Affailants, or knock’d on the Head by their own People, becaufe feveral Hollanders went toclimb up amongft the Portugue/e ; the reft running about the Fort, fell into the midft of the Netherlanders, where they were all cut off, being in number above a hundred. The Fiollanders alfo in this refolute Defign, had about twenty Men kill’d, and fifty wounded ; after which they put lighted Matches on Sticks in their Ene- my’s Works, as if they had never made any Attempt on the City Parayba. Whileft this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately ,Smient performing his Voyage, found in the Inlet Trajiciaon a Portuguefe Veflel hal’d near the Shore under the protection of two Pallifado’s ; wherefore fuppofing it beft not to make any Attempt on the fame, he ran to an Anchor before Ubranduba, twenty Leagues below the Ris ver Grande ; where the Natives Marcial, Tacou, Ararova, and Matauwe, who had been in Folland, Landing, went to fee, and {peak with their Countrey-men to joyn with the Netherland Weft-India Company : and fome days after the Seamen Landing again in the fame place, met with Facou, together with eight more ftout Men, and feven- teen Women and Children, who carry’d a flain Portuguefe call’d Juan Perera, to the River Grande,about whom they had found Letters containing the whole Condition of Siara ; which the Brajfilians imparting to Smient,he fent a Ketch thither before,and follow’d after himfelf; they Steer’d along the Shore beyond the Shelves Guamare,by the Mountains Sailmas and Porto de Mel,the Haven De Onces,and River Juaguarive, to the White Point, where the Brafilians Landing {pake with their People, and towards the Evening brought good tydings, and defir’d that they might be Landed at Siara, where they would put their Defign in practice : Smient following their Advice, receiv d them aboard the New Netherland, and Sail’d along by the fquare Fort Siara towards a {mooth Shore on each fide, hedg’d in by thick Woods, where the Brafilt- ans intended to Land ; but the Portuguefe, and Brafilians belonging to their Party, being gotten into the Wood before, fir’d fo vehemently, that they were forc’d to Retreat, and Sail five Leagues farther beyond the Cape Opefe, made dangerous by the many blind Cliffs that lie about the fame. Symient anchoring here, Landed the Brafilians, on promife that they would return in two days ; bur the Seamen feeing : fometimes =? poe s —_- s+ ? >i 7 oe Xs Chap. VII. AMER IC wt. 339 fometimes ten, fometimes fifteen Atm’d Portuguefes afhoré, judg’d that the Brafili- ans had been flain by them, and therefore weighed Anchor to the great diflike of the Weft-India Company. f Since this unfuccefsful Defign on Parayba, the Council at Reciff2 were no whit difcourag’d, butrefolv’d to make an Attempt on the River Grande with twelve Ships and two Sloops, carrying ten Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen ; but by reafon of the difficulty of Landing (becaufe the Coaft being very Rocky, makes the Sea go very hollow) the ftrength of the Place, both in se{pect of its Fortificati- on and number of Defendants, and the joyning of the Brafilians with them, they were forc’d to return without effecting their Defign. About the fame time eight Sail arriv'd at Reciffa from Holland, and Jonathan de 1h Exped Nekker, Cornelis Cornelifzoon, alias Houte-been, and Reinier Peterfzoon, fet our with three k” Mowe Frigats from the Texel tothe Ifle Vacca, where with Hunting, Fifhing, and gather- thers, ing of Fruit, they refrefh’d themfelves, and afterwards Steer’d to the River Magda lena, difcernable at three Leagues diftance by the thick yellow Water it difcharges into the Sea through three Mouths. Between the Weftern and middlemoft Mouth lies an Ifle'in the middle of the River, behind which Houte-been came to an Anchor, whileft Nekker and Peterfzoon kept Guard near Punto Verde , wherethough the Wind blew very frefh in the Night, yet the Water remain’d {mooth : About Day-break Nekker difcovering a Sail, made chafe after the fame, but not able to come up with ~ her, loft her the following Night, and in the Morning faw a Barque, which run- ning afhore was fet on fire by Peter/xoon ; after which Nekker chafed two other Ships, which likewife getting from him, he ftood off at Sea out of fight of the Ifles Zamba, which are low on the Weft; and Hilly at the Eaft-end, where the Sea beats vehemently againft a Promontory, and chafed a Barque afhore, ‘whither he fent a Boat with eight Men ; which being beaten to pieces by the Waves, drowned four of them, and the reft getting afhore were kill’g by the Spaniards. Soon after which four Spanifh Ships fet Sail after Nekker and Peter/zoon, and had not the Night favor’d them they had been but in a bad Condition ; for’they were notable to get their Sea-men aboard, who having taken fome Wine afhore, had made themfelves Drunk ; about Day-break they defery’d the four Spanifh Veflels, which were gotten fo far from them,that they could but juft difcern them from the Main-top. Not long after they took two Barques, and came toan Anchor behind Zamba by Houte-been, who being driven by a Storm out of the River’ Magdalena to Jamaica, had chaled a Barque afhore there, and a Ship with four hundred Negro’s againft Se. Martha, and fince took a'tich laden Barque near the River Magdalena. In like manner Nekker and Peterfxoon took a Ship coming from Caraques, leaving Houte-been alone before Magdas lena, who not long after difcover’d eighteen Spanifh Ships near the High-land St. Martha, which were Steering to'Carthagena; one whereof belonging to Carthagena he made Prize of, but was fore’d to forfake her in a great Storm; after the ceafing of which he took another Frigat, the Men whereof inform’d him, That the Admi- _ ral Thomas de Ca/pure was going with eleven Ships from (ape Antonio to Porto Belo, to lade the Peruvian Silver there. The Ship with Angolan Negro’s, taken by Hloute- been, he fet free, but kept a Frigat laden with Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, and Flefh which he had taken juft before the Coaft of Rio Grande, and thus he went Privateering up and down, when the Plate2Fleet from New Spain weighed Anchor from Juan de Lua, the like of which in Riches had never fet Sail before, for ic carry’d 2169340 Ryals _ Of Eight for the Merchants, an unvaluable Treafure for the King, befides: many rich Commodities which feveral bought upon their own Accounts, that were hot entred in the Cuftom-houfe : allwhich:Treafure, laden im nine Gallions, be- 3 Ddd 2 fides cm ——— I - — - o — r= ~~ a ko = : _ =. = =- a ae - aan — — 25 = — as ae =e =~ eT . Se at. , ; et —-- » a = ne roa. - = _ ee - a SN — ——— —-—— = —— 2 s < a + = “. e - — = - ‘ ~ . * at —— _ 7 a - , ~~ < i ~ - — oe l > = es - oe as = > a 7 54.0 A MERIC A. Chap. Vil, fides a confiderable number of Frigats and {mall Veffels, was committed to the Charge of Miguel de Echacareta; but he dying before the Fleec fer. Sail, Manuel Serano de Ribera was chofen Adunivali buta dreadful Storm arifing as they were Sailing be. fore the Coaft of (ampeche in théir Way to Havana, the whole Fleet was in a‘ manner utterly deftroy’d, with a moft unvaluable Treafure : The Admiral, Vice-Admiral, Gallion.Terefia, and feveral other Gallions, funk, with at leaft two thoufand Men, a great number of Perfons of Quality, and amongft the reft the Marquefs Salinas, who the Ma. Was moft treacheroufly @ain by thirty Perfons, who made themfelyes Mafters of a que oa Sloop, into which he went for fafety out of the finking Admiral Ju/eppe : That Pris Jewels which inftigated them to thishorrtid A&, wasthe fight of a {mall Trunk of Jewels which he carry’d into the Sloop : Noclong after falling out amongft themfelves about dividing the Spoil, feveral of them were difcover'd, apprehended, and put to death, This Fleet weighed Anchor the day after their Admiral Miguel de Echacareta was buried, who dy’d fo fuddenly that-he could make no Will. A few days after the depateuf of the Fleet, a hundred and feventy Houfes were burnt at Juan. de Lua. It appears that the Spaniards out of fear of the Netherlanders, fet Sail on the tenth of Oétober, notwithftanding it was atan inconvenient time, becaufe about that Seafon the Hurricanes rage moft terribly in the Bay of Vera Crux, By a Letter from the Treafurer Francifcus Suarez it appears, that the two Regis ments in the City St. Salvador, the one Commanded by Chriftopher Mexia Bocanegra, confifting of nine Companies, each of fixty Men, and the other Commanded by Vafco de Mafcarennas, confilting of thirteen Companies, coft the King of Spain yearly 21515 4 to maintain them. walbak’s ex The Netherland Council, at Reciffa no way difcourag’ d by their fuccefslefs * Ateemptsmade the laft Year on Rio Grande, fent thirteen Companies of Soldiers aboard of feventeen Veflels, to.build a Fort.at che River, Formo/a, where the Portue guefe being too wéak-to refift shea, fet fire on a Storeshoufe with three hundred Chefts of Sugar, and fled? Walbeck was Commander in. Chief in this. Defign, who Landing on Formofa found no fit place to build a Fort in, becaufe the Shore, not being above a Mufquet-fhot broad, was inclos’d with Woods, behind which lay high Mountains thac Commanded ee Shore ; therefore marching, to Serinhain he burnt feveral Houfes and a new Sugar-Mill,.neat which in a Store-houfe he toak twelve hundred Chefts of Sugar, which for! want. of Carts he could not carry to his Ships. Alfo before Porto Calvo he burnt,a Carvel, and tooka great number of Cat. tel on Camarigibi, and return’d without any oy hie Exploits to Reciffa, where the Cruifers had brought in feveral Prizes during his abfence. The Council xefolving not to fit idle, {et out another Fleet of eighteen Ships under the Command of Martin Thyfxoon, witha Regiment of fourteen Companics under Stein Callenfels. The Exedi- “This Fleet approaching Cape Auguftin, they found a ridge of Rocks yee the sin thf Shore, againft which the Sea beat with great vehemency; at length they came be- calenfels. forea {mall Inlet, at whofe Mouth lay a {mall Fortifrom which the Enemy fir'd ups on the Mann’d Boats which Row’d by the fame :. at’ fome diftance they difcern’d two Breaftworks, one rais’d above the other nearthe Shore ; on which when’ the Hollanders thought. to Land, three hundred, Portuguefes fir’d at once upon them; and ona Hill not far from thence appear’d more Men, which amaz’d the Council of War, for the Inlet was fo narrow, that not above fix Boats could Land at once, and it was evident, that though the Enemy fhould chanceto be beaten from behind his Breaftworks, yet the HoManders would lie,expos'd.to the Enemy’s Guns.from-the Fort Chap. VII. AMERTCR 54h Fort Nazareth built én the Mountain ; befides, Nazareth, if gain’d, could {carce be defended, unlefs the whole Mountain were Intrench’d round, which would not onely-be very chargeable, but alfo impoffible, becaufe of the red Earth, altogether unfit for Fortifications ; and the barren Mountain afforded neither Wood, nor any thing elfe ; befides, the Storming of it would be very dangerous: The Entrance into the Haven was difficult, becaufe a ftonie Bank before'the fame fuffer’d no Pat fage but betwixt {mall Openings, the chiefelt whereof was guarded by a Water. Caftle, and farther within by the Fort Puntael. Along the Sea-fhore their Landing was prevented by the violent beating of the Waves, anda great {quare Tower on the Way upto the Fort Nazareth, whofe Church is feen at a great diftance off at Sea. All which confider’d, they judg’d it beft to draw off their Men again, and fo they return’d without having effected any thing to the purpofe, onely Captain Schuppe took two Carvels with five hundred Chefts of Sugar inthe River Formofa. Soon after Martin Thy/xoon being fent out with twenty two Sail, fent four Ships for Holland with the Lieutenant-Colonel Stein Callenfels, and the Councellor Seroos- kerken , yet thirteen Sail remain’d ftill before the Coaft of Brafile, under the Come mand of Captain John Maf?, who whileft he ftood to and again from the Shore, and Cruifing up and down, the Governor of Reciffa and Colonel Rembach march’d with five hundred Men and forty Negro’s, from Reciffa about fix a Clock at Night, by Olinda along the Shore : Whereupon the Portuguefe Horfeewatch ran inftantly to Real, two Leagues from Olinda, to give notice thereof to Albuquerque ; but they fur- mounted all the Difficulties they met with by the Way (which were the greater in regard of the abundance of Rain that had lately fall’n,)and on the firft of May 1632. seh oat came to the City Garafu about Noon ; where whileft Rembach ftood ftill in good ore Gerafu ic der with three Companies, the Governor of Reciffa fell upon the Town with three Hollander," Companies. The Inhabitants had not the leaft thoughts of being molefted by the Netherlanders there, becaufe they judg’d the Ways which led thither could nor be pa{s'd in that rainy Seafon. Inthe firft Onfet a hundred Portuguefes, moft of them great Merchants, were flain, they being comethither with their Goods from Olinda ; and amongft the Prifoners which they took, were fix Francifcans. ; This Victory the Hollanders obtain’d with the lofs but of eight Men, and twenty five wounded, befides Captain Rembach, who was alfo wounded. The Governor of Reciffa entering the City, ftav’d two hundred Pipes of Wine, to keep his Soldiers from over-drinking ; and becaufe there were many fair Women there, he caus’d them all to be lock’d up in the Church of St. Cofmo, to preferve them from the Sol- diers outrages. | , | > The Prieft Duarte Mendex Serraon(a Letter of whofe John de Laet quotes)values the thom Booty carry’d away by the Hfollanders from Garafu, at 9000 |. Sterl. befides the da- mage which the Place fuffer’d, being almoft ruin’d. He relates farther, That the City call’d Villa de Santo (ofmo de Garafu lay five Leagues to the Northward from Olinda ; and thatin it were three Churches, viz. (ofinus, Mifericordia, and Heremiz tage de Santa Crux ; as alfo two Cloyfters, viz. Invocation de Antonio, inhabited by Capuchins, and another dedicated to Francifeus, inhabited by Perfons of his Order ; | That the chief Church (o/mws, built like a flateroof’d Houle, had a fair Entrance, before which ftood two Turrets, and inthem hung Bells; That the Francifcan Cloyfter was inclos’d within a great Wall in the middle of a pleafant Garden, and had on each fide a Tower; That moft of the People who kept the Feaft of St. Phi. lip and St. Jacob, were at Maf’ when the Hbllanders came thither, and though they faw the Soldiers out of their Windows, jude’d them to be Portuguefes, who (as it was reported ) had a Defign upon Tamarica, eported ) Delipn Up ae P. 542 AMERICA. Chap. VI. The Governor of Reciffa marching with his Booty from Garufa, fet feveral Hou- fes on fire, and march’d towards the Fort Orange, on the Ifland Tamarica, Albuquerque inform’d thereof, difpatch’d a Spanifh Regiment, Commanded by Colonel Ferdinand Ludovico Barbalho, and Paulo de Perado, with a confiderable Body of Volunteers , but they all came too late: Whereupon the Portuguefes, being thus kept in continual Alarms afhore, and fuftaining every day more and more Loffes at-Sea, began to defire Peace, and the rather, becaufe they could not hear of any Fleet coming from Spain ro their affiftance ; and hearing a Report, that the We/t-India Company were making great Preparations, To which purpofe Peter Alvares ( acquainted with the Dutch Commanders, as having been their Prifoner) was fent by Duarte de Albu- querque (co whom the Lordfhip of Pernambuco properly belong’d) and by his Brother (being General of all the Forces in Brafile) to Reciffa, to Treat about the deciding of the Differences betweenthem and the Netherland Weft-India Company : But the Council in Reciffa weighing the many Difadvantages that would enfue, if they fhould upon eafie Terms patch up a Peace with the Portugnefes, return’d Alvares this Anfwer: ‘That the Weft-India Company was refolv’d, to the utmoft of their «* power, to keep all thofe Places which they had taken by force of Arms, but that “ifhe could move Albuquerque to deliver up the Countrey to them, he fhould be “‘ bountifully rewarded. | After this the Fiollanders Landing at Barra Grande, took great quantities of Wine and Tobacco, and burnt two Villages; as alfo the Sugar-Cane Fields, and Sugar- Mills on Catuwanha, alfoone at Barra Grande, and three at Porto Francifco. : At the fame timethe Hbllanders alfo {catter’d Letters amongft the Portuguefe, fig- nifying their trouble for the great effufion of Blood in thofe Parts, which was oc- cafion’d by their own ftubborn and unreafonable Proceedings ; likewife intima- ting the great Preparations that were making on their own part, and onthe other fide the great unlikelihood, ‘and indeed impoffibility, as things then ftood, of receiving farther Succors from Spain. | ine Golun- —Thefe things bieng powerfully urg’d, had perhaps taken greater effe& with ders Coun- clsbetray'd the Portuguefes, had not the fecret Counfels of the Netherlanders been betray’d to the Portz- sue by Lee- hy Leonard yan Lom, Overfeer of the Prizes, and Tranflater of the. Portuguefe Letters, Lem. who confefs’d that he was perfwaded to that villanous Aétion in Amflerdam by a Por- tuguefe Merchant, call’d Duarte Rodrigues Delves, with whom he had made fome Agreement ; and for the better confirmation had receiv’d the Sacrament upon it of an Am/fterdam Prieft : His Agreement was, “ That he fhould go to Reciffa, enquire “after all Concerns, and give {peedy advicethereof to Rocque de Barros ; which he did by a Mulatto, who carry’d Letters. between them. This Villain the Council judging worthy of Death, firft caus’d his two fore- Fingers to be cut off, next his Head, and afterwards his Body to be divided into four Quarters. The Mulatto was likewife Beheaded. | About this time the Treafurer Ceulen viewing the Ifle Mayo, found the fame to be furrounded with fteep Rocks, abounding with Horfes, Affes, Partridges and Goats, befides two Salt-pans. The Inhabitants, which go Arm’d with Halfspikes and tufty Hangers, are {aid to be a fort of out-law’d Portugue/es, to the number of thirty, amongft whom was one Woman. They had a Governor, call’d Amaro, to whom they gave yearly eight thoufand Goat-skins, | 1D Ceulen Sailing from hence Steer’d by the Ifland Del Fogo, known by: a great Mountain, whofe high top vomits Fire. Not far from which he took the Ship ‘St. Peter laden with Wine, with which he return’d fafe to Reciffa, where a while after Gyffelling arriy’d alfo, and was no fooner Landed, but four Ships, two Slgops, 7 fix Chap. VIL. AMERICA. 543 fix Cock+boats, a Barque and a Hoy, fer Sail under the Conduct of John Mast wich four or five Companies of choice Mufquetteers, Commanded by Colonel Schuppe, who Landed behind the ftonie Bank of the River Alexio, furpris’d forme Portnguefe and Negro’s in their Houfes, and march’d inthe Night fo faft, that by: Day-break they were got to the Shore of the River Formof/a, where they took two rich laden Fly-boats and a Carvel ; and afterwards Landing in the Road Camarigibi, they took fifty Portuguefein a Village, as alfo a Store-houfe full of Chefts with Sugar and To- bacco, burnt all the Buildings thereabouts, and amongft others a brave Sugars Mill: Captain Byma burnt alfo an eminent Sugar-Mill near the Brook Maria Fa- rinha. Martin Thy/zoon lay a long time under the Line; but at laft getting to the Ifle Vacca he gave each Captain his Orders, and divided the Fleet, which joyn’d again before Hayana, pafs'd through the Straights Bahama (where he met with great : Storms, and many othet Inconveniences) to Holland, But Galeyn van Stapels, who parted with a Frigat from Thy/zoons Fleet near Bonaire, Steer’d by the Promontory Cotoche to Sifal; which Village having plunder’d, he fet it on fire, fetch’d a Barque in the Night from the Road of Campeche (whofe City is feen at a great diftance off at Sea, by the white Cloyfter Francifco) and fo fet Sail for Zealand. Houte-been arriv’d alfo about the middle of June with a rich Booty in the Texel, Not long after Houtesbeen weighing Anchor with the Otter Frigat, return’d.to sebuppeand Reciffa, and in his Way thither took a Ship laden with Wine. Colonel. Schuppe ime theron fits mediately upon his arrival had a Command given him of five hundred Men, and” John Lichthart of three Sail of Ships, a Pinnace and five Sloops ; with which they fer Sail to the River Formofa. Schuppe Landing his Men there, march’d up to the Fort Formofa, fortifi'd with Moats, fteep high Walls, and four Guns, Storm’d and took the fame, killing all thofe that were in the Garrifon, except the Governor Peter Al- buquerque: In which Vidtory neverthelefs the Hollanders loft the valiant Captain Philbert du Baffon, who being fhot in at the Throat with a Bullet, which came out behind the Ear, dy’d of the fame, the Wound. immediately feftering, to which all Wounds arevery fubjec&t in Brafile. The Hollanders alfo burnt four laden Barques, a Store-houfe full of Sugar, and pull’d down the Fort they had taken, Setting Sail again, they Landed to the Northward of the River Antonio Grande, where they gain’d a Platform with five Guns, deftroy’d fix Ships, and took two more inthe Haven Camarigibi , from whence they return’d to Reciffa, after having | fpoil’d and taken thirteen of the Portuguefe Ships, feveral Sugar-Mills, Store-houfes, and a Caftle. | ‘The Swol Frigat came alfo in a fhatter’d condition to Reciffa, having been Ens. gag’d with a Spanifh Gallion carrying twenty eight great Guns, and full of Men, - which neverthelefs fhe would have mafter’d, had not an unfortunate Shot {poil’d all her Rigging. 13 ! | _. About the fame time the Captains Byma, Bverwyn, and Rinking, {ec Sail with their Companies in three Ships to Porto Francifco, where Landing, they burnt three Sugar. Mills, befides feveral other brave Buildings; and brought away a rich Carvel, whileft Laurence van Rembach was made Colonel in Waerdenberg’s place, and Sigi/mond Schuppe Lieutenant-Colonel. | The Proffers which:the Tapuyan Agent made to the Hollanders had been very ad- vantageous, had not the Summer Seafon been too far {pent : for he had promis’d, That if they would Land a confiderable Party of Men two Leagues Southward from the River Grande, all the Tapuyans fhould joyn with them, and afift them in driving the Portuguese out of Brafile. | After this Schuppe-and Lichthart went with thirteen Companiesof Soldiers, and twa . two hundred Seamen, to fall upon the Enemy’s Camp at the Afogados, where Albu. querque had rais’d feveral Works, partly for the fecuring of Verga, the: beft Spot of Land in all Pernambuco, where there are likewife more Sugar-Mill.s than in the whole Countrey, and partly to keepan open Way between 4rryal ancl the Promone tory St. Auguftine : To which purpofe they march’d by the Fort A: milia along the plain Countrey, to the Stream Capivaribi, which they had crofs’d before the Porty- guefe knew any thing of their approach, who being but a hundred and thirty, fore fook their Works and ran into the Woods; but affifted with four Companies of Iralians, they Sally’d out of Real, and fell with great eagerne([s on the Seamen, who being guarded by forty Mufquetteers were raifing of Works in the Road which leads to Real, and put them to flight ; but being rally’d, and feconded by Colonel Redburgh, they drove the Enemy into a By-way, guarded by Byma and Bongarfon . where being ftopt, and Captain Cloppenburgh from another fide falling in amongft them with his Mufquetteers, they became encompa(s'd, and had been allflain, had not Le Grande, by making way for Cloppenburgh, given them an opportunity of gets ting away between them. | , | chips The Council at Reciffa, to fecure the footing which they had got on the other fide of the River Capavaribi, took order about the building of a Fort, which requir’d the greater Labor, becaufe the Earth was very ftonie : not far from whence Cap- tain Jobn Smith walking, was fhot by a Party of Portague/e lying behind fome Chefts of Sugar; the Blow whereof giving notice to his Enfign, he {peedily march’d thi- ther, and furprifing the Portuguefe, kill’d moft part of them. The like fuccefs had Le Grande, (loppenburgh, and Bongarfon, who marching out upona Defign; furpris’d unawares in John de Mendoxa’s Sugar-Mill, two Companies of Portague/e, ‘who ha- ving watch’d there the whole Night, and compofing themfelves in the Morning to- fleep, were fet upon, and moft of them:kill’d, and the old: Commander! Antonio Ore tizo de Mendoza taken, who not long before came thither with a Regiment of Por- tuguefes ; the Sugar-Mill was alfofet on fire. | b*y Thefe fuccefsful Expeditions ftill adding to the Hfllanders frefh Courage, they follow’d the career of their Succeffes,and placing three Companies in the Works of the Afoggdos, drew their Army into three Divifions; Colonel Rembach was to Com- mand the Forlorn ; Schuppe, the main Body ; and Byma, the Referve; in which Or- der they waded through the River Capivaribi, placing fome Mufquetteets:in 2 Houle built near the High-way,to fecure their Return that way, and came without any refiftance tothe Arryal ; where they found a long Street, with Shops.onieach fide full of all forts of Goods, which they pillag’d, notwithftanding the Enemy fir’d furioufly fromthe Caftle upon them, and wounded Colonel Rembach and: Captain Redburgh. To the Northward before the Caftle lay a Redoubt with two Guns, which Schuppe maftering, kill’d all that were in the fame ; but being too weak to carry away the Guns, he nail’d up the Touch-holes, and march’d off with his Men, but in fuch diforder, that the Portuguefe Sallying out of their Garrifon, fell in amongft themin that manner, that they were not able to bring away their woun- ded Men, amongft whom was Captain Redburgh ; and it had been worfe, had not Remback (who though he was fhot in at the Shoulder, underthe Blade-bone whereof lay the Bullet) kept them off till fuch time as the Hollanders were govover the River (4pivaribiynear the foresmention’d Honfe, guarded by a Company of Mufquetteers; who kill’d above fifty of the Portugnefes, befides fifty that had been flain in the fore mer Skirmifhes , the Hollanders themfelves:alfo had loft a hundred and:thitty Men : yet notwithftanding they ceafed not, but march’d im Parties:through all parts of Verga, wherethey metwith no oppofition, but foundthe Stgar+ Mills full of Sugar, E 2° ae left Chab..WID - AMERICA $45 left to be:kept by a few Negro’s. Rembach alfo fent a Drummer to Real, co'demand the Wounded, efpecially Colonel Redburgh, with a Letter from the Prifoner Anto- aio Mendoza, requefting the Governor Albuquerque and Duke of Bagyola, that they would be pleas’d to releafe the Hallaiders on Exchange, or elfe upon Ranfom: The Drummer being civilly Encertain’d by Albuquerque, brought back with him a ftrange Oyl call’d Aury, for the wounded Mendoza; with which a Wound made by a Bullet being anointed about three Fingers breadth, it draws out the fame. Bagnola afterwards fent it to Rembach, in requical for his kindnefs in fending Mendoza ina Hammock to Real. Mean while the Hollanders ftill fortifi’d their Works at the 4/o- gados with Pallifado’s and Platforms, on which they put five Guns. They likewife work’d daily on the foresmention’d Caftle, whileft Schuppe march’d with four hun- dred Men in the Night over the River Jangada to Moribeca » which approaching, he:perceiv'd the Way ftopt-up with fell’d Trees ; wherefore he march’d aboutto the Village, which he found forfaken by the Inhabitants, and all the Houfes left empty, onely: five hundred Chefts of Sugar that had been brought thither from Verga, which Schuppe Commanded to be fet on fire with the Village, leaving onely the Church, and at his Return burntalfo a Sugar-Mill. The Governor Albuquerque having formerly never fpar’d any Hbollanders which Articles be- fell into his hands, began now to be better advis’d ; and it was alfo Agreed upon Wift-India between the King of Spain and States of the United Netherlands, That they fhould and the king burm no Church, unlefsthe one, or the other Party made refiftance in the fame aie That the Victor fhould be oblig’d, upon requeft of Quarter, to {pare his Enemies, and releafe the Prifoners for an indifferent: fum of Money; That both Parties fhould forbear:to ufe chew’d or poyfon’d Bullets. yo Schuppe being chofen Chief over the Militia in Rembach’s Place (who dy’d of his Wound,) lay notlong ftill, but fetting Sail with eleven Ships to the Ifle Tamarica, - Landed feven. Companies before the Caftle Noftra Sennora: de (Conception; which, — though well provided and fortifi'd, the Governor Pignioro furrendred, on Condition that-he’ might depart with all his Men and the Church Ornaments. Matthias van (Cenlen and Schuppe' Rowing up the Stream Goiana with Sloops and Boats, put to flight Laurence Cavalcanti, burnt divers Sugar-Mills, and took abun- dance of rich Metchandize : Ten days they madehavock in the middle of their Enemies» Countreys without any refiftance; for all of them fled to the Aldas, (fo théy.call the Brafilian Villages) : At laft they return’d home with great Booty, efpecially of Sugarand Brafile Wood ; whileft thofe at Reciffa were not idle, doing the Portugucfe great mifchief by their continual Sallies, Tourlong burning a Fifhers Village, and Bongarfon a ftately Banquetting-houfe belonging to Cavalcant near Arryal ; as allo Pedro Acunha de Andada’s Sugat-Mill, from whence he took great Booty. :: : | bois the fame time the Portuguefe of feveral Parts,terrifi'd by continual Alarms ti Portile and Loffes, began to incline tothe Weft-India Company, believing that they fhould tal utterly be ruin’d, if chey continu’dto joyn with Albuquerque's Patty (who claim’d é&. Pernambuco wholly to himfelf) and therefore car’d not whether he ot the Hollander’ were Mafters,fo they might live peaceably. Mean while the Hollanders march’d from the Afogados to Arryab 2 Schuppe marching before with two hundred and fifty Sea- men, was follow’d by the Lieutenant-Colonel De Vries, and he by a Company: of Negro’s that carry’d Provifions ; next Byma march’d with the Referve. The Trea- furer John Gy/eling alfo accompanied the Army, which’Encamp’d neat Francifco Brito Machado's Wind-Mill, and Garrifon’d the half-finifh’d Fort near the Sugar-Mill be. longing to: Marcus Andre, whileft'three Companies Commanded by Captain De Vries ~ Sra march’d ———— 7s S ee —¢ — - : — — . = = 2. > 4 - ne /. ~ = - = a ee oe Ve ee da BF LTS ~ Sy . a oS = i ao = : [Sp ae = oe ee es ; —S— - — P A A a -_ >@ = - = << — “- Sx. . » ) ree oo o™ ll LU i Ay ah im if | ut : 1 ae : 4 + q is a) : ' i | 546 AMERICA — * Chap. VIL maarch’d to Monteroos-Mills to take the fame; but the Portuguefe lying in an Ambul cadehad given them a fhrewd Rebuke, had not Schuppe, hearing the Guns, fentaway the Captains Picard and Garftman, who coming out from amongft the Sugar«Canes, put the Enemy to flight; yet the Portuguefe began to increale daily, infomuch that they got above two thoufand Men together at Arryal, whileft the Dutch Army began » to want Provifions; wherefore Jacob Huigen was order’d to fetch a Supply from Reciffa, but as he was coming up the River with the Exeter Ketch, and a Boat hung about with Hides to fecure his Men from the Bullets, and being within Mufquet- fhot from the Works where Captain Schuppe lay, the Enemy’s whole Power fhot fo vehemently upon him from the top of a Hill, that both the -Kctch aud Boat Jus Huign Were funk ; Huigen himfelt receiv’d two mortal Wounds, and moft of his Men Were | isi. il’, a few wounded onely efcaping with Life. Schuppe therefore was forc’il. to return for want of Provifions,and the rather, becaufe he was inform’d that Bagnola was-coming with a Supply of feven hundred Men. | Mean while the two Captains,Smient and Dunkirken petform’d a valiant Exploit, viz, they went with a few Men in a Boat, and took a great Portuguefe Veflel richly laden, having. no more than four Blunderbuffes and their Swords in the. Boat with them. A notable. Byma allo fell upon the Village Moriwere, where he found moft of the People at Byma over Church. Albuquerque inform’d thereof; {ent two hundred Men immediately, Comes ci ag 9 manded by Franci{co Almeda, to intercept him in his Return ; but he marching onto Tamarica, they purfu’d him; he marching but flowly, becaufe the narrow Way was ftopt up with fell’d Trees, they overtook him half a League beyond Gara/u, near Peter Rocha’s Sugat-Mill; where after a fharp Encounter between them, a great flaughter was made amongft the Spaniards, Almeda and many other Perfons being flain, and the reft put to flight. Byma having obtain’d this. Vi@tory, march’d to Gas rafu and burnt the fame, {paring onely the Churches and Cloyfters, according to the Articles made between Albuquerque and. Rembach. newt Schuppe prevented from croffing the River Jangada by the many muddy Creek return’d back to Reciffa with great Booty,which he had taken out of a Store-houfle. The Dutch Cruifers alfo brought in many Prizes. ; re | Sn ial The Exploits perform’d by John Jobnf{zoon van Efoorn, with four Ships, three Ketches, and a Sloop, ate likewife very remarkable ; for with this Fleet.in. the firft place he took the City Truxillo, and from thence Sailing towards the City Came peche, and Storming the fame valiantly, foon became Matter of it ; the Booty of which two Places being brought aboard, increas’d confiderably the We/t-India Com- panies Stock. In regard Albuquerque underftood the Situation of Pernambuco better than the Hol- landers, and had all che Natives to affift him, and by confequence was the better sable to defend himfelf againft their continual Alarms, the Council at Reciffa therefore judg’d it convenient to make a farther Voyage to the South, that the Portuguefe,who were highly difcontented about the Lofles which they had fuftain’d, might be the fooner induc’d to fubmit to their Government :;To which purpofe ten Ketches, Mann’d with feven hundred Soldiers, befides Seamen, fet Sail on the tenth of Oéto- ber, under the Command of Jobn Gyfeling, Schuppe, and Servaes Carpentier, who firft ran into the River Porto de Piedras, where they took a confiderable number of Chefts of Sugar, out of Mills, Barques, and Store-houfes, waded through the little Stream Tatona Manfa, burnt a Village of the fame-Denomination, and Sail’d to the River Camarigibi, which they Rowing up in the Night, were got not above; four Leagues by Day-break,. the contrary Tide, and the Plants call’d. Mangues having = | a hindred Chap. VII. ¢ AMERICA. pe Si hindred them from getting farther ; but being inform’d by certain Portuguefe Pri- foners, that abundance of Sugar lay in Porto Francifco, they marching thither, found under a Straw Roof ina Wood,feventy four Chefts of Sugar, anda great deal more in feveral Store-houfes. They alfo pillag’d the whole Countrey towards Alagoa del Noort, St. Miguel, and Alagoa del Zur. Not far from which Schuppe falling upon the Village Sennora de Conception, burnt the fame, as alfo 4 Ship upon the Stocks, the Honfes atthe Mouth of the Stream Alagoa, and the Tackling belonging to the two Ships, and carry’d away with them a very great Booty. | , Tourlon alfo march’d with four Companies from Tamarica to Mangianguape,where the Gatfifon from Garafu; and fome Jefuits lay, to diffwade the People from fub- mitting themfelves to the We/t-India Company, to which they were much inclin’d. Bue Tourlon march’d not fo privately, but that the Enemy had notice thereof, and fled ; wherefore he finding Mangianguape empty, offer’d the fame to the Flames, as alfo feveral Sugar-Mills, but fpar’d the Lives of all thofe who bege’d Quarter. Byma about the fame time with a hundred and forty Mufquetteers, befides two Companies of Seamen, leaving the Afogados in the Night, march’d to Amaro by Day- break, which he fet on fire, with a Sugar-Mill and a Store-houfe full of Sugar, after every Soldier had taken as much as hecould carry : upon which the Enemy taking Alarm, plac’d their Ambufcades fo cunningly, and fell upon them fo furi- oiffly, that ‘they had undoubtedly kill’d every Man of them, had not a Party come in'timely to their affiftance, and forc’d the Portuguefe to fly to a neighboring Sugar- Mill buile on a Hill, from whence they fir’d with great eagernefs, and made a mighty noife, blowing their Trumpets and beating their Drums. Byma being for- 2ym’s bold ced to pafs by the Mill within the reach of the Enemy’s Guns, refoly’d upona bold fi Attempt, and commanding his Men to throw away their Sugar, and other Booty with which they burthen’d themfelves, on a fudden ran up to the top of the Hill ; which A&ion fo amaz’d the Portuguefe, that they fled without offering the leaft refi ftance. Byma thereupon proceeded on his Way to the Afogados, leaving behind him Bove feventy flain, and divers wounded, ~ During thefe Exploits on Shore, the Commander Smient Cruis’d with fix Sail [ss ke before Paraiba; two Ships belongingto his Fleet fteering towards the Haven of #6" Formofa, difcover’d five Carvels, a Pink carrying twenty fix, and a great Fly-boat eighteen Guns, both Dunkirkers ; one of the Carvels ran aground, and was ftav’d to pieces, two of them got into Rio Grande,and the other two were taken. Aboutthe fame time Lichthart with two Sloops pafs’d into the River (onayou, fet upon feven Barques of the Portuguefe, Mann’d with feventy Seamen, and ply’d them with his Brafs Guns after fuch a manner, that few efcap’d with their Lives : he took what he thought fit out out of the Barques, and afterwards fet them on fire. The Treafurer Matthias van Ceulen weighed Anchor with four Ships and fever Ym» coulen's Ketches, Mann’d with eight hundred Men, with which he fet Sail to Rio Grande, aa with intention to fall upon the Fort Tres Reyes. In the River he took two Carvels, though they lay clofe under the Caftle, Landed a Company of Soldiers, and a hun- dred and fifty Seamen on the Southern Shore, guarded the frefh River with Boats, march’d direétly to Tres Reyes, and Encamp’d himfelf near the Redoube which lay before the Caftle, being follow’d by Byma, Garftman, and (loppenburgh, who in their ~ Way took a Houfe built on a Hill, and confiderable Booty in it. Byma getting about Noon tothe Village Natall, left fome of his Men there, whileft he march’d with the reft to the Caftle Tres Reyes. Ceulen fendingto demand the Caftle, receiv’d at firft a refolute denyal from the Governor Peter Mendex de Govea ; but when the . Befieged _Lichthare drives the Portugue|le out of the Puntael, tt —a = -_ AMERICA. Chap. VII. Befieged faw the Hollanders refolucely bent upon a Storm,they fent to defire a Treaty, and after fome {mall Capitulation the Caftle was furrendred upon Articles: Gar/te man being made Commander of the Caftle, had a hundred and fifty Soldiers allow’d him. The Fleet fet Sail again, after they had pull’d down and deftroy’d all the Works which had been rais’d, and made the Inhabitants take an Oath to be faithful to Garftman, who chang’d the Name of the Caftle from Tres Reyes to that of Ceulen, being the Name of the Treafurer, who bore the chiefeft Commmand in the Siege, and when the Brajilian King Jandus came with a great Train to congratulate the Companies fuccels, receiv’'d him with great civility. In the beginning of the Year 163 4. twenty fix Sail weighed Anchor from Reciffa, to Cruifeup and down in Squadrons before the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, the Promons tory St. Augujtine, the Rivers Francifco and Parayba. Schuppe and Lichthart alfo fet Sail with two Ships, a Ketch, two Pinnaces, and a Sloop, carrying two hundred Sol- diers befides Seamen. | : Mean while frefh Forces were fent from the Texel, the Maesand Zeland, to Re- ciffa, where the Council undertook another notable Defign, viz. to furprize the Forts along the River Parayba: whither coming with twenty Sail, they divided themfelves into two Squadrons under the Command of the Treafurer John Gyfee ling, Schuppe, Servaes Carpentier, and Lichthart. Having receiv’d fome repulfe at the Fort Nazaretta, they refolv’d upon Adtion in fome other place, and to that purpofe Steer’d towards the Point St. Auguftine ; by Day-break a part of the Fleet ran into the Mouth of the Haven, notwithftanding the Portuguese fir’d upon them with great. Guns from the Caftle, and all their Works, without doing any confiderable damage, onely the Searknight Ketch running aground was fhatter’d all to pieces; whileft the Hollanders Commanded by Captain Lichthart Landed near Puntael, and fell upon the Portuguefe in fuch a manner,that they fore’d them to forfake the Place, burnt above two thoufand Chefts of Sugar, feveral Store-houfes, and a great Ship, befides two Barques. | Lichthart being Mafter of the Puntael, was very bufie in finifhing a Stone Re- doubt which the Enemy had begun,and fecur’d it by a Walland Pallifado’s. Here he plac’d two Companies,and rais‘d feveral Works,whileft the Portuguefe receiving - Aid from all thé neighboring Places, fet upon the recovery of the Puntacl, being They endea- vor in vain to regain the Pantael, the rather encourag’d thereunto, in regard the Hiollanders Forces were ftill in their Ships. Fifteen hundred Portugue/es were divided into two Parties, the greateft of which came through behind the adjacent Moraffes, and tore’d in on the fide of the place near which the fifteen Ships taken by Lichthart lay at an Anchor, whileft the other Party fell upon the Out-works ; where though the Hollanders defended them- {elves valiantly at firft, yet they were fore’dto Retreat to the Redoubt, where both Parties fought with great eagernefs ; but the Hollanders Ketches haling near the Shore, and firing in amongft the Portugue/e with their great Guns, forc’d them to flye,and contrary to their Cuftom, to leave their dead Bodies behind them. Soon after, whileft Gyffeling, Schuppe, and Lichthart flay’d at the Puntael, the Por- tuguefe, defigning to take Reciffa, kept the Afogados and the Fort on Antonio Vaes in continual Alarm ; which made the Hollanders fend moft of their Militia thither, and to fortifie yet more ftrongly than before. The Caftle De Bruin firkt difcovering the Portuguese wading through the Water, fir’d great Guns at them, upon the hearing of which Waerdenburgh and St. George fir'd alfo. The T'reafurer Cenlen and Lieute- nant-Colonel Byma march’d with a Company of Soldiers to the Stone Redoubt, from whence they fir’d ftoutly upon the Enemy; yet thirty of them got by the Pallifado’s and Stone Redoubt: wherefore Ceulen match'd in with fome of his *y ‘Men Chap.. VII. A MER IC 2. 549 Mento affift the Citizens, and keep the woodden Battery, where the Portuguefe were ftopt, and with great and {mall Shot put co flight. The Prifoners which the Hollanders took inform’d them, That Martin Suares, chief Commander overthe Por- tuguefe that made this Atrempt, had divided his Men into three Parties; the Referve, which confifted of three hundred Men, was to march on upon the making of a figa when the other Parties were paft, one along the River Bibiriba, and the other along the Shore by the Srone Redoubt into Reciffa, to burn the Place, as alfo all manner of Provifion and Ammunition. Whileft this Defign of the Portugue/e fell out fo unfortunately ,being difcover’d to (eulen by a Renegado, the Hollanders at Reciffa receiv'd two Companies from their Regiment atthe Puntael, and a confiderable number of Men rais’d in Holland by the Weft India Company. Ceulen and Byma thus fupply’d, went continually out in Pars ties, burnt in view of the Garrifon in Arryal the Sugar-Mills belonging to Franci/co Montero ard Lewis Ramires, and were inform’d by five Italian Renegado’s, That there were not three hundred Men in Garrifon in Arryal ; which fo encourag’d Byma, ama 2: that he refolving to fall. upon the fame, march’d chither in the Night with a thou- esking r fand Men from Reciffa; and by Day-break fhot fixteen Granado’s from a neighbor- vious ing Hill, of which feven fell. into drryal, but.did little Execution; befides, the ‘A Strength of the Place was fuch, and the number of Men fo confiderable, that his Defign had no other fuccefs, than that a Hand-granado falling fhort amongft the Houfes before the Fort; fet fire on them, and ina fhort time burnt a whole Street with rich Shops, and the Habitations of the Italians. | .» The Portuguefe at the Puntael being inform’d,that Byma had Befieg’d Arryal with a thoufand Men, judg’d that moft of the Hollanders were gone thither from the Puntael; which they werethe apter to believe, becaulethe Hollanders coming but lictle abroad ftay’d within their Redoubts, which Lichthart had joyn’d toa Battery ; wherefore they made another Attempt with a hundred and twenty Men on the Puntael , but 2.Carvel with two Brafs Guns, anda Company of Soldiers lying at Anchor near the Place by which the Portuguefe were to pafs, and they not expecting ro meet with any refiftance there, they were, as foon as they approached the Carvel, fir'd upon by the Alollanders, who killing feveral of their Men, fo affrighted them, that they return’d without making any farther Attempt. Whileft every day more and more Prizes were taken by the Hollanders, and Overres of brought into Reciffa, and frefh Supplies fent them from Holland, there began to be a oa fome Overtures of Peace from the Portuguefe; wherein alfo the King of Spain, by reafon of the feveral Damages he had fuftain’d from the Dutch, began to concern himéelf, and tomenace them with the great Forces he was able to raile, by reafon of the late fafe arrival of two rich Plate-Fleets, if they came not to reafonable Terms. .But. anfwer was return’d from Byma, “ That if they were minded to <¢ Treat about giving of Quarter, or any fuch like Point in difference between them, «they fhould find him ready ; but that the He/t-India Company would never re- “ fign thofe Places taken in Brafile with the Sword, either for Moncey or Goods, S“but would defend them ro the utmoft of their Power. The Hhllanders alfo chang’d the Names of feveral Places taken from the Portu- guefe; for the Caftle near the Promontory St. Auguftine was call'd Gyffeling ; the Town on Tamarica, Schuppen-ftade ; the Fort at the Afogados, Prince William, and the ‘Puntael, The Fortre/s Vander Duffen. Norwithftanding the Requefts of the States of the Netherlands and Weft India Com- Giiinere- pany, tothe Commiffioners Cenlen and Gyffeling, to ftay longer in the Weft-Indies, “™" *™ ~yetthey prepar'd for their Voyage home, and the {peedies, becaufe they expected ; Eee : great mie ; * } ' . f : Re 1) 7 hy 1 ’ : i . 5 » Tr : fr ' Dh ‘ ‘om i as 4 | aa ) ) " ; ‘ : v ei i : : | ‘ | ia ) u te Os it 7 ‘ ‘ : =o : : 7 wees |i go‘) y : ) &E ; si 550 AMERICA. Chap. VII. great {carcity of Provifions, unlefs a fudden Supply came from Holland. During their two years Government here, they had taken five thoufand five hundred and nineteen Chefts of Sugar, a hundred fifty nine thoufand nine hundred thirty and nine Pound of Brafile Wood, one and thirty Ships laden with feveral Goods, which amounted to 230000 /, befides the value of the Ships and Guns, the taken Forts, deftroy’d Sugar-Mills, and other Buildings. They leftat their going away above four thoufand Soldiers, divided into thirty two Companies, to guard Brafile, under the Command of Schuppe and Arciffewky, and carry'd with them a hundred Soldiers, befides one and fifty fick and maimed : Moreover, thirty two Sail of Ships,Mann’d gant's with a thoufand and eighty feven Seamen, were order’d to Cruife up and down be- Brea se fore the Coaft of Brajile, befides four Ketches before the Promontory of St. Augn- moun fine, and fix Ships in the Haven of Pernambuco. After Ceulen and Gyffeling had fet Sail for Holland, divers Prizes were brought ins to Reciffa, as alfo feveral Ships arriv’d there from the Texel and the Maes. The Hil. landers went out continually in Parties, whileft Schuppe and Lichthart {er Sail alfo with eight Ships, Mann’d with fix Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen, to plunder and pillage all the Havens to the South, where feveral Portugnefe Veflels lay laden with Sugar. But Janduy, who with his Subjects the Tapuyans, joyn’d with the Go- vernor Gar/tman, kill’d at one time thirty feven Portuguefes, and not long after two hundred and fixty mote ; taking his leave of Garftman, went home with fix Hol. landers, leaving his Son, the young Janduy, and his Brother Caracara, together with his Nephew Copun, to his care. Janduy made it his Bufinefsto perfwade the adjacent Tapayans to joyn their For- ces with his, and fo by the Abllanders affitance to fall upon the Portuguefe. Mean while the young Janduy and Copun went to Reciffa, which was the rather permitted, that they might be able to damp the Reports which the’ Portuguefe had {pread amongft the Tapuyans, viz, That the Hollanders were very ill provided, and there- fore made all poffible Preparations to defend Reciffa, and confequently the, whole Countrey of Brafile, and fo leave thofe Tapuyans that jeyn’d with them to the mercy of the Spaniards. : ambatdos Not long after were difpatch’d from thence the Councellors Jacob Stackhower, fent to con- ata and Colonel Arciffewsky, with the Interpreter Antonio Parapoavo, to Treat with Janduy ing on their about the Defign which they had upon the Portugaefe, and alfo what Advantages ~~ he fhould receive, if he would affift the We/t-India Company with his Forces, whens ever he fhould be fent to. | His Powe, King Janduy bore Command over fixteen hundred Men, whofe Wives carry’d Alles. their Hammocks after them to fleep on in the Night, having no fetled Habitations, but ranging in Parties up and down from place to place to get their Food;the young People went commonly along with Beretiawa, and the old with fanduy ; round about - whofe Countrey dwelt the poor Natives Aiki, as alfo Fuckerijou, Ocioneciou, Pajoke, and Aponorijow : the firft are Commanded by King Coftaculy ; the fecond, by Mara- kou, a Friend of the Portuguefes ; the third, by Nonbu, the fourth, by Kidoa ; and the laft, by Jarepo: which twolaft are no way inferior in Power to Janday, but the others much weaker. | page: Four forts of People continually Warr'd againft Janduy, viz the Jenbo, who live fo far up inthe Countrey, that no Chriftians ever came to the knowledge of them, _ the other three are the Woyana, Carivy, and Caririwaffu, who affift the Portugue/e. a The fore-mention’d Interpreter Parapoavo was met in his Journey by a Com- pany of Tapuyans, led by Commendaoura, Janduy’s Sifters Son, who was to fucceed him after his death, according to the Cuftom of the Tapuyans, whofe Sons do not | fucceed Chap. VIL. AMER IC 4. $51 fucceed their Fathers in the Throne, but their Sifters Sons. Commendaoura told him} That he was impower’d by his Uncle to Treat with the Hollanders ; to which pure pofe coming with forty Men before the Caftle (eulen, he inform’d them, That Jandouy could not come to them with his whole Power, becaufe there was no freth Water in the Mountains Mitiapa in the Summer; Moreover; that he Mourn’d for his deceafed Wife. Janduoy was alfo requefted to go to Parayba, where he fhould get great ftore of Booty; and that the Hollanders would follow them with a confi« derable Power. 3 _ ‘Arciffeusky being inform’d of the Condition of Conayon by'two, who having been the Fer co: taken Prifoners by the Portaguefe, leap’d over-board from ‘4° Carvel; bound from agp tre) thence to Portugal; and {wam afhore, march’d ‘from the Fort (eulen in the Night with two hundred Men, befides forty Tapuyans, who kill’d more Venifon for the Hollanders than they were able to eat; and coming within two Cannons-fhot of Co- nayou; he divided his Men into four Parties, that fo they might Storm the four Core nets of the Fort at once; which having done by {wimming over the Moat, arid climbing up the Walls, which were.a Pikes length, they got into the Fort, in which they found eleven dead Bodies, ten Iron Guns, two Hooks, and feveral Chefts’ of Sugar; and amongft other Prifoners they took the Captain Alpares Fragofo d’ Al- buquerque.- oe ore | Stackbower alfo fetting Sail when Arciffeusky left the Caftle Ceulen, intending to meet him again av an appointedtime before Conayou, was’kept back by contrary Winds. ) yn st baht: After this Arciffensky fet Sail ‘to ‘Mongoangape: where Rowing up the River, he took a Ketch with two hundred ‘Chefts of Sugar, as alfova Carvel and a Boat, and Landed where the River bends about a Mountain, which fo ‘afftighted the Portu- guefe, that they quitted Antonio Marino’s Sugar-Mills. Soon after the Fleet took a Barque with Wine, and return’dto Reciffa.. | 240 | Mean while Schuppe was not idle, for going up the River Camarigibi, he burnt di- vets Houfes, as alfo on each fide of the River Alagoa, where he alfotook four rich Sugar-Mills, whileft many Veffels from the United Netherlands brought feveral Ships into the Haven of Pernambuco, which they had taken on the Coaft of Brafile. About the latter end of November 163.4. thirty two Sail, divided into two Squas drons(the firft carrying in one and twenty Ships,a thoufand nine hundted forty and five Soldiers, the fecond on eleven Ketches,four hundred and nine) under the Com: mand of Schuppe, Arciffewsky, Carpentier, and Stackhower, weigh’d/Anchor to go to Pa- rayba ; where Schuppe Landing firft with fix hundred Men, fell upon the’ Enemy in fuch a manner, that he put themto flight, andforc’d them to leave a great part of their Arms, Hats and Coats behind ; and it wanted little butthe Governor Antonio d’ Albuquerque had been taken in the:purfuit : Mean while'the reft of the Hollanders Landed, and Casper Leymatch’d along a ‘Cart-Road with three Companies direétly to the Fort Santa Margareta, and Encamp’d himlelf behind a'Hill, about a Mufquet- _, fhot fromthe Walls of the Fort : Schuppe going’along the’ Shore, found divers for- Sema Mor- faken Works, and Intrench’d along the River on the Eaft-fide of the Caftle.~ Are pied by te: ciffeusky march’d on the Right-hand along the Sea-fhore in view of thePortugue/e in | Garrifon. ‘In the Rivet lay an Ifle, on which was built the'Caftle Re/tinga, which could receive conftant Aid from the Caftle Margareta on the Main. | Lichthart going in between the Ifland and the Caftle Margareta with fix well Mann’d. Boats; took two Barquesand'a Boat behind the Ifland; and march’d through a Wood to Re/tringa ; where\he found that’ the Fort feparated-from the Ifland, was furrounded with Water, wherefore he withdrew into the Wood till ee ae Eee 2 the The Fort Margareta rayen by Schuppe. - = —_— ~~ = A M E R_ I C A. Chap. Vil: the Water was fall’n down, and then Storm’d the Fort Qeftringa, and notwith: ftanding the Portugue/e fir'd continually upon him with two Brafs Guns, he foon became Mafter of it, and cutoff all thofe whom he found had born Arms); whileft Schuppe fir’d upon the Fort Margareta from a Platform, and alfo threw Granado’s in- to the fame. »Arciffenshy likewile approach’d nearer and nearer with his ‘Trenches, on which! the Portugue/e difcharged, many Guns ; but after the Breaftworks -were moft of them fpoil’d, the Governor, Simon de Albuquerque, furfendred-the Fore-to Schuppe, who permitted a hundred and fifty Men that were in Garrifonthere, to. go to their feveral Dwellings up in the Countrey,; the teft were Tran{ported to other The Fort Aga tonio taken by Lichthare, The City Pa- rayba defert> * ed by Bag- sola, Parayba, ot Henrich. ftadt defcrib’d. places, on promife that they would nor bear Arms againft the We/t-Indsa Company during the {pace'of fix. Moneths. In the Caftle the. Hollanders found fix Brafs Demi- Culverins and fifteen Drakes, befides other Ammunition, with|whichtheVicors purfu’d their, Conqueft, putting themfelves in a pofture to go up a Creek,\which runs two Leaguesalong a River to Parayba; and to fall upon that City, whén two French Renegado’s coming from the, Northern Fort. Antonio brought information, That that Fort was guarded but by-a few Men,.and had but little Gun- powder, and if the Hollanders would but.once, make.a,fhew of:-Storming the fame, it-would foon be deliver’d-to them, though for!its/Situation itis invincible,;/butSchuppe fuppos'd that there might be a Plot in this Information, and the rather, becaufe he heard that the Duke of Bagriola was comingithither withfix hundred Men, neverthelefs, to be better/aflur’d theteof, he-fent’a Drummer itd. demand Antonio: ‘The, Gover- nor thereof, call’d Magaglianes defir'd three daystime to confider, which was utterly deny’d. him,\and he had.onely. leave,to carry‘away the King’s Standard, .and his Requeft granted, ‘That the Alollanders fhould make a fhew.of Storming the Caftle; that ic might not be faidhe had fyrrendred {uch a Fortrefs without a Gun being fir'd, after which: Lichthart went into the Caftle, -wondting at fucha Victory ; for the Fort, on which no Charges had been fpar’dj Jay upon-an inacceffible place;,and had five Brafs Culverins and:nineteen Inon,Guns..| » 4): yP ria " ‘The Hollanders encourag’d by their good Sirccefs; went the: fame Night up the River Parayba tothe Creek) Tambia Grande, where) Landing,ithey found all the | Works empty, three Iron Guns lying difmounted on the Ground, the City .Parayba withoutPeople, andthe Guns abour the fame;either madewufelefs, or funk in the Hayen.. A, Mamburgher that had liv’d a confiderable time in Parayba; other wile call'd Philippeaj inform’d the Hollanders, That Bagnola {eeing no means to. defend Parayba, was gone to Goyana'with two, Companies, onejof Italians, andthe other Spaniards, who . were. imarch’d | into, the Woods, after they| had burnt three Ships, and two Store-houfes full of Sugar, in which: there were confum’d-near upon.three hun- dred Cheftse AY guys 53 . Before this Defign. upon Parayba'was undertaken, the We/t-India Company {ent out four, Veflels under the Command of Jobn Walbeck, to the Ifle.Curacao ; the Situa- tion of which John Otzon-knew exaétly;' having been a long time a Prifoner:there : Walbeck getting through a narrow Mouth between: feveral Rocks into.a convenient Harbor before Curacao, Landed feventy five Mufquetteers.who were, Encountred by feventy Brafilians Arm’d with Clubs; which the Spaniards had animated. to fight, by making:them half Drunk. ;The Hollanders haying march’d all over the Ifland, burnt the Village Maria, and atlaft agreed withthe Governor. Alonfo Lopes de Morla to leave the Ifle. | es Schuppe chang’d the Name of Parayba, or Noffa Sennora das Nieves, or Philippea, into FrederickeStadt, in honor to the Prince of Orange, nam’d Frederick Henrick, This City hath two great Market-places, twelve Streets, and a large Francifcan 3 Cloyfter, Chap. VII. AMER IC 4£. 553 Cloyfter, built near‘a Lake, and incles’d within a Wall by a broad Bay, which the River Parayba makes beforethe City ; the Countrey about which is mountainous : In other places, efpecially along the River, lie many fruitful Plains, abounding in fome places with the Grain Mandiboca, which is ground to Meal, Potato’s, Lem- mons, Cabbages, Cucumbers, Bananas, Cocoa-Nuts, Ginger, Araba, very delicious when Preferv’d with Sugar, and Cacious, fomewhat like Chefnuts, of which the Natives make an intoxicating Liquor. | Whileft all things were put in good order at Parayba, Colonel Picard march’d with eight Companiesto the Houle Validaris, if poflible, there totake the Governor Antonio Albuquerque Prifoner ; but he being forfaken by all the Brafilians (who camé back with Picard and their Commander, the Jefuit Emanuel de Morais) ab{conded himfelf ; not long before which a Proclamation had been publifh’d in the Name of the States of the United Netherlands and the Weft-India Company, promifing great Civilicies and Advantages to all the Inhabitants of Parayba, whether Natives or others, that would come in and fubmit to their Government. This Invitation was fo well receiv’d, that many who were kept back fo long as Albuquerque appeat'd, as foon as they heard of his obfcuring himfelf, came in to the Fiollanders, as Duarte Gomes, and. feyeral eminent Portuguefes, with a confiderable number of indifferent quality ; as alfo the Inhabitants of the Province of Rio. Grande came to Frederick«Stadt, to claim the benefit of the Proclamation. Arciffensky and Stackbower marching to Goyana with feven hundred and fifty Men, took up their Quarters in the Village Capivaribi, lying at a River of the fame Name ; where all che Inhabitants of Goyana being fully fatisfi'd with the Hollanders Propo- {als, own’d their Government, and fell off from the King of Spain. But the Spanifh. rebetine tot: Captain Rebellino, animated by the Je/uits in the Village Mo/uick, got three hundred vo ghia Soldiers together, befides a confiderable company of Brafilians, Commanded by "~~ Camaron, and burnt all the Sugar-Canes and Brafile Wood in Goyana ; Whither Arci/- fewsky marching, foon put them to flight, and burnt the Village Mofuick, with the Church and Je/uits Cloyfter, from whence the Enemy ran to the ftrange Mountain Miritbi, which in the rainy Seafon, efpecially when great Showers fall, makes a noife like claps of Thunder, or like great Guns. The fame Wonder is obferv’d of the Mountain Pafayra, in a Wood behind Girgolio Barro’s Sugar-Mills ; the my ftery whereof we leave to Philofophers to enquire into. Arciffensky follow’d Rebellino, who had ambufcado’d himfelf about half a League from Mo/uick ; from whence he being alfo driven, his Men began more and more to defert him, whileft Schuppe with a confiderable number of Men came to Arciffeusky ; Encamping themfelves about Mu/arope,they fent eighty Mufquetteers, Commanded by Lieutenant Metting,, to an adjacent Wood, where Rebellino Quartering, Engag’d with Metting, till Schuppe coming to his affiftance, he fled to Nazaretta. After which the Countrey cthere- abouts enjoy’d the happinefs of Peace. Arciffewsky ftaying to fetcle all things in good order in Parayba, took up his Quar- The, Calle ters near the Caftle Real, about a Cannon-fhot from the River Afogados, and a by Arafimky League and a half from the Hollanders Fort fo call’d ; yet his Defign was not to lay clofe Siege to the fame, but to prevent all manner of Aid from coming to it, the rather, becaufe he was inform’d, that there were not above fixcy fix hundred Cans of Meal, and fixty five Head of Cattel in the Fort, for three hundred Portuguefe and feven hundred Brajilians, to which purpofe he built feveral Redoubrs, Batteries and Platforms: after he had lay’n before it three Moneths it was furrendred upon thefe following Articles, viz. “‘ That the Befieged fhould march out with lighted * Matches, Bullets in their Mouths, flying Colours, and with Bag and Baggage, | SEB ee and " =: ae = AMERICA. Chap. VIL. ‘and be Tranfported either to Tercera ot Madera. The Church Ornaments they had alfo leave to carry away with them, but the Guns and other Ammunition were co remain in the Fort. Hereupon the Governor Andres Marini march’d out with Gye hundred choice Soldiers, befides a hundred and fifty which he had out of the iret Countrey ; and two hundred Families that dwelt about Real, ranfom’d their Goods / for 50001, In the Fort the Hollanders found fifteen Brafs,and five Iron Guns. Mean while Lichthart fet Sail with fix Ships and five little Ketches, carrying five Companies ; with which Landing on Barra Grande, he march’d two Leaguesialong che Shore to the Church of St. Bento, ‘built on a high Hill, round about which he Encamp’d himfelf, and fortifi’d the fame with Pallifado’s. Hither the Inhabitants of Porto (alvo came in great numbers to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Weft-India Company. ata Lichthart affifted by Captain Cornelis Exel’s Company, march’d directly to Porto Calyo, notwithftanding he had but three hundred and twenty feven Men, with which he went along a troublefom Way, up Hill andsdown Hill, and coming near Porto Calvo, was inform’d by a Portaguefe, That the Duke Bagnola poffefs’d'a Church there full of Port-holes, with two hundred choice Men, befides a Company newly sugnate rons arriv'd thete from Serinhain: and that he had a ftrong Fortification near the Ri- 554 - _ - ~~ » ‘ = - - ° . Bs a a z=. 7 ~ © 2 = = > ~ —_— o ~— en = _ 7 - = —S = . le, — - ee al “ — . <> a —— — - _ - +... ~ - = = = _ —_—— “ yy Vee | = * “ * *, « + - 2 - a i mer ver; neverthelefs Lichthart marching towards him, difcover’d his Forces rank’d on @ ‘i fteep Mountain, whither he running with his Men, fore’d Bagnola to quit the Church, \ la as alfo thofe that lay in Ambufcade’ near the High-way, whileft eighty Brafilians, pi | - Lome Portuguefes, anda Company of Neopolitans, thought to have fall’n upon the Ai Barques of the Hollanders ; but feeing the States Flag upon the Church, and Bagnola routed, they foon Retreated. This Victory coft the Hollander but feven Men, be- . fides eighteen wounded ; for which the Portuguefe loft many more. | | ee The Inhabitants of Camarigibi, Antonio, and about Porto Calvo, accepting of the | i Fa | Articles propos‘d in Parayba, took the Oath of Allegiance to the Piollanders.. Inthe interim after “rciffenshy had taken the FortReal, and given Command iit: thereofto Verdoes, he’ fet forth with ten Companies and three hundred Brafilians, fei, to joyn with Schuppe, who Befieg’d the Fort Naxaretta near the Promontory St. Au He) | -—-guftine , but the Governor Albuquerque fearing he fhould be furpris‘d,fled from thence |) (eae with three hundred Men, and left. Peter Correa de Gamba, and Lewis Barbalbo Bizerra Hod in hisftead. But Schuppeapproach’d fo near with his Trenches and Granado’s, that Neh) Correa inform’d of Arciffewky’s coming, furrendred the Caftle upon advantageous a | dnl: Atticles. 3 eee { | After this Succefs Schuppe march’d along the Shore, and Areiffeusky up into the Countrey, both with intention to fall upon the Enemy in Serinhain. Arvciffewsky marching along a troublefom Way, came to Miguel de Poyaca with fix Companies, where the Councellor Schotte had fortifi’d a Church ; and fomewhat farther he met f with a brave Francifcan Cloyfter, where he was inform’d, that the Governor Albus — = on __———— amy ~ en Eo oe es {a o, E Se a - - - Porte Calve quer que had again furpris’d the Fort Porto Calvo ; which prov’d too true; for Schuppe Albuquerque. haftening to his afliftance through Serinbain,Una,and Barro, ftaid at Furicofo, a League TAR | | from Porto Calvo, for Arciffeusky, who was coming thither with feven Companies . i a over the deep and crooked Stream Serinbain ; and before Villa Foamofa, a pleafant Vil- lage, in which ftood an old Fe/uits Cloyfter and a little Church, both their Forces joyn’d together making up feventeen Companies of Foot,and one Troop of Horfe ; but they came too late : for after a long and flout Affault, and no lefs Refiftance from the Befieged, the Place was furrendred to dlbuquerque, who caus’d Domingo Calabar to be Quarter’d; a Man not inferior for Strength and Activity to that Milo Crotoniates, fo famous amongft the ancient Grecians : Amongtt other proofs of his Strength i = “he = A IF 2 Nl === wi = yi sik | | aot | PETE le nih ; \ TH il "is ik hi aoe sol i a ig a WM = mea {tl iit ee f Hill Wi i AN i WEVA ain iy Mig ae. eT cot ain % We schyntl hh ul i “ . io: Chap. VII. AMERICA. rs sgh Strength itis related, that he took a Stag running full {peed by the Horns,and ‘turn- ing its Neck, pull’d the Tongue‘out of its Mouth. The reafon why Albuquerque caus'd him co be put to that death, was becaufe he had once joyn’d with the Hil. - landers, and done the Portuguefe much hurt. But Schuppe and: Arciffewky marching to Porto Calvo, to Engage with Albuquerque, who was eight hundred Portuguefe and a thoufand Brafilians ftrong, found the Place ruin’d, and about a hundred Hollanders unbury’d, and Albuquerque march’d away, driving the Inhabitants about Porto (alvo before him, with three hundred Prifoners: The Hollanders following him, built a Fort at'Praipuera, to prevent the Portuguefe from returning to Porto Calvo, Schuppe alfo demanded three Companies more to fupply the places of the fick and flain Men, as allo thofe who were fo miferably plagued by the Bicios, that they were not able to go. Thefe Bicios are little Animals, which creeping in at the Pores, caufe an infufferable pain. Schyppe’s Requeft was the fooner granted, becaufe the Coun- cel at Reciffa judg’d_ it convenient-to pull down the Forts Real and Naxaretta, being already much decay’d and unferviceable, and that thofe who were in Garrifon in them, fhould Encamp in the Fields. Schuppe had long before this time fall’n upon the Enemy in the 4fogados, but that he wanted Provifions, and little Veffels, which were requir’d for that Expedition. But marching up into the Countrey, he lefe the Command to Arciffewsky, who much forwarded the building of the Fort on Paripuera. | | | | . The Year 1635. being almoft expir’d, one Morning about Day-break thirty two 4 sen Bie Sail were feen to Steer directly towards Reciffa ; two Ships of an extraordinary 7ra" re" bignefs were follow’d by nine Gallions, and thefe by the reft of the Fleet, cone | fifting of Pinks, Carvels, and Barques; all which approaching, were known to be Spaniards, which ftruck no {mall amazement to the Inhabitants of Reciffa, moft of their Ships being Cruifing abroad before the Coaft of Bmfile, and their Men a great diftance offin the Field; onely five Ships fitted for ah Engagement being at Ans chor, and five more deeply laden: Mean while the Spanifh Admiral approach’d within a Cannonefhot of the Fame Ketch, difcharg’d one Gun, and ftood off to Sea again, being inform’d that Real and Nazaretta were taken by the Hollanders. On the other fide, all the Places in their poffeffion had notice of this Fleet, which Lichthart follow’d with fix Ships and two Ketches, carrying two Companies of Soldiers, be- fides Seamen, and keeping juft within fight of them, (aw them at laft come toan Anchor before Paripuera (where a part of the Dutch Forces lay under the Command of Arciffewky,) and make preparation to Land their Men: Whereupon Lichthare Landed alfo, with the Councellor (arpentier, and joyning with Arciffewky, took up a valiant Refolution,to Sail clofe up to the Spanifh Fleet with his eight Ships, whileft Arciffewsky march’d inthe Night with fix hundted Mento Jaragoa, to prevent the Enemy’s Landing ; but having a Portuguefe for his Guide, was led a wrong Way ; wherefore returning, he fecur’d the Way to Paripuera, whileft the Portuguefe Inhabi- tants, contrary to their Oath, refus‘d to carry or bring Provifions to the Dutch Forces, and joyning together combin’d with the Spanifh Seamen, and kill’d all the Hbllanders which they could meet either on the High-ways,or in their Houfes, ma- king ufe of the Negro’s to carry the Spaniards what Intelligence they could give them of the Abllanders Proceedings : Wherefore they thought it the beft way to be rid of fueh Villains, to deftroy them all chat dwelt in the Countrey between Paripuera and Porto Calyo, and for the {pace of ten Leagues burnt all their Sugar-Canes in the Fields, their Millsand Houfes. Arciffeusky caus’d Ediéts to be put upon every Church Door, That all the Inhabitants fhould remove from Porto Calvo, where the Dutch Army was to Encamp, to keep them from the Spanifh Oppreffion, p og . | That | 4 | a) : — ee tea ee a =~ % ~ - 5 2S [> —— Pa ad « a = —_ - nae —- mer ~ 7 —, = © a —e —_ nny ee > ne / . ‘i Dll “=; 4g a. without the Fort appears the Governor’s Houfe, about which were feveral Huts for Portugue/es. This Lordfhip, already f{poken of, is reckon’d amongft the Northern parts of Brafile, and hath onely twelve Leagues in circumference. The Haven before the Caftle, which the River Hiacw makes, is of little confequence: The Ground in fome places rifes with high Mountains, in others, efpecially on one fide, itis over- grown with Wood : hathalfo feveral brave Paftures, efpecially along the River. The Fore tas Garftman approaching the Caftle Siara, found little refiftance, fo that he took it man. with {mall expence of Blood, moft of the Portugue/e being taken Prifoners, a few onely efcaping by flighr. | | | | | After this Grave Maurice took great care of the Civil Affairs, building a Guild. Hall at his own Coft and Charge ; fent all manner of Minerals, digg’d out of the —Brafilian Mines, to the Netherlands ; laid great Penalties on thofe that ftole the Cu- ftom of Goods, and punifh’d with Death Murders, Robberies, and fuch like Capital Offences, befides feveral wholfom Laws relating both to the Civil and Ecclefia- ftical Government ; and as foon as he was:recover’d from his tedious Sicknels, he march’d up into the Countrey to the Rivers Grande and Parayba, to take care to furnilh Chap. VIL. AMERICA furnifh the Forts with Provifion and Ammunition, Neat the Caftle Ceulen he was teceiv’d by the Tapuyan Agents, and. Prefented by them with Bowes, Arrows, and brave Oftrich Feathers, us’d by them when they goto the Wars: in retura for which they receiv’d Linnen Shirts, Knives, Shells, Bugles, Fifhhooks, and Nails. Maurice caus’d a deeper and- wider Moat to be digg’d about the decay’d Caftle (Cabo Dello, rais'd the Works, and call’d it by the Name of his Sifter Margareta; he alfo pull’d down the Fort Autonio, keeping onely a Tower to defend the High-way. Re- jtringa was likewife ftrengthned with Pallifado’s, and the Cloyfter near the Town Parayba fortifi'd againft an Affault, and Elias Harkmans made Governor of the fame. Whileft thefe things were tranfaéted on the Land, Captain Schuppe at Sea Enga- ging alone between Todos los Sanétos and Terre Garcie d’ Avila with three Spanifh Ships, drove one of them aground, and brought another away with him to Reciffa. The Lettérs found in the taken Veffel made mention, that in the River of Lisbon lay ten Galleys, and twenty more before Cales, to which were to joyn'thirty Pinks, which Fleet fome fuppos’d was coming for Brajile ; others, that it was onely a Plot of the King of Spain to get Money from his Subjects, according to the, Cuftom of f{everal other Princes. | | 7 Hereupon Maurice wrote to the West-India Company, that they would Rig outa Fleet with all poffible {peéd, which might fall upon the fore-mention’d Spanifh Fleet, and fetch thofe Sugars which lay ready in Brafile to be Laden. About the fame time a Party of the Portugnefes crofling the River Francifco, came to the Stream Miguel, whither Picard marching, put them allto flight. | Grave Maurice having a Defign on St. Salvador, the Portuguefe Metropolis in Bra- file, formerly taken by Peter Hein and Jacob Willekens, and not long \after loft by the fainteheartednefs of William Schouten and Hans Kyf, though in all likelihood not {trong enough to undertake fo weighty a Defign, yet confidering if he fhould flay longer, the Seafon would not permit him, therefore he went aboard, hoping that he fhould receive fome Aid from the Netherlands ; his Army confifted of three thou- fand four hundred Netherlanders, and a thoufand Brajilians. He had the greater hopes of Victory, becaufe he receiv’d information from St. Salvador, that the Soldiers in Garrifon there mutiny’d for want of Pay, and that the Governor and Duke of Bag- nola were at difference concerning thé management of the War.. But before he fet Sail he had fecur’d all Places againft any Invafion, and got ready twenty two Sail, furnifh’d with Ammunition and Provifion, with which on the eighteenth of Aue guft Anno 1638. he weigh’d Anchor; and met with fix Ships at Sea, which he took, and arriv’d on the fixth day following before the Mouth of the Inlet Todos losSanétos, which he could not enter by reafon of contrary Winds, but Cruis’d up and down before the River Vermelho and the Ifle Tapoam; whereupon the Governor of St. Sal- vador and Bagnola drew the Portugue/e Forces down thither to prevent his Landing : About Noon the Wind coming about fair for the Hollanders, brought. Maurice within Shot of the Ships, Forts, Walls and Batteries of the City St. Salvador, fo that he thundred with his Cannon againft them, and Landed ona Promontory near the Sconce Bartholomew,without the leaft refiftance, in a convenient place about a League and a half from the City ; where Encamping himfelf, he was inform’d by the Prifoners which he had taken, that about half a League farther was a narrow Bank, border’d with Morafles, fothat none could. pafs along the fame but at Lows water, and then onely: at acertain time. Tourlon. being {ent before with three hundred Mufquetteers to difcover the Place,. found the Way not onely as the Pxi- foners had inform’d; but alfo fortif'd by the Enemy ; againft whom. Maurice drew out his Men, ordering Captain John vander Mat in the mean time to run with “en | FFF 3 Sai 565 Grave Mau- rice fets forth with a Fleet for the re- taking of St. Salvador. 566 AMERICA. Chap. VII. Sail dire&tly upon the City, and to drop his Anchors juft without fhoe of it. Ha- ving beaten the Enemy from his Works, he broke through all the Paths, Hedges and Banks, till at laft he came and Intrench’d himfelf near the Out-works of the City, by which his Army was fecur’d from any Affaults from the Seaside. Colonel Brand alfo with little trouble took the Fort Philippo, built on the Shore, and fortifi'd with five Guns. The next day Maurice Storming the Caftle Pbilippo, foon became Mafter of it, notwithftanding it was well Garrifon’d, and had thirteen Brafs Demi- Culverins. The taking of this Caftle afforded the Befiegers a free Paflage to their Fleet. They alfo rais'd two Batteries, from oneof whichthey fhot night and day with feven great Guns, and from the other with the like number of Field-pieces, on the Caftle Rofario, which the Portuguefe forfook , but going about to take a Horn-work on the top of the (armelites Cloyfter, he loft many Men in the Attempt, and amongft the reft the Captains Howin, Bchbrecht, Boward, Hollinger, and the En- crave Maw Gineer Berchem ; and in the end, after many bold and refolute Attaques, what with levee the ftrength of the Place, both for number of Defendants, and well fortifi’dnefs sige of SY hereof, and what with the want of his expected Supplies, and laftly the ficklinefs of his Army, by reafon of the extraordinary Rains that fell, to the lofs of many Officers of note as well as common Soldiers, befides what were flain by the Enemy, he madeas honorable a Retreat ashe could, fo that this Expedition prov d altoge- ther unfuccefsful. | | Mean while the Provincial States of Holland and Zealand differ’d about allowing of a free Trade to Brafile, and fending of Colonies thither : Whereupon Grave Maurice writing to them his Opinion, demonftrated with good Reafons, that a free Trade, and frefh Colonies, would be much to the Companies advantage ; which was approv’d of by the States of the United Netherlands and Weft-India Com- pany, who onely engrofs’d the Trade of Negro’s and Brafile Wood ; and on the Im ported and Exported Goods they puta certain Cuftom. i The Weft-India Company confidering what Treafure Peter Hein had brought from Matanca to Holland, they refolv’d to venture another Expedition thither; and to that purpofe fet out fourteen Sail under the Command of Cornelis Houte-been, who weigh’d Anchor out of the Texel on the fourteenth of Augu/t Anno 1638. and are tiv’d fafe at Reciffa ; where Houte-been having fpent fome days in Confulting with ’ Grave Maurice, went aboard again, and at his entring into the Ship, bruis’d his Leg between the Boat and the fides thereof, which fome fuperftitious Perfons look’d upon as very ominous; but this Wound was not fo great as to keep him back from whatfoever Service came in his way : for difcovering the Spanifh Fleet from Terra Firmanear Cuba, before the Rocky Ile Organes, which confifted of eight great Hutetey Catlions, and fix leffer Ships, whofe Lading was valu’d at two hundred Tun of ae en Gold, and Commanded by Carel Dievaro, he clapt the Admiral aboard, threw ia ~~ his Grapling-Irons, and made him felf faft, witha Refolution either to take him er die, while the Dutch Vice-Admiral Abraham Michaelzoon Roofendael boarded the Spa- nifh Vice-Admiral, and the Rere-Admiral John vander Mast the Enemy’s Rere- Admiral ; and doubtlefs, had not the Vice-Admiral and RereésAdmiral been flain, together with Verdoof, Captain of the Orange-Tree, and other eminent Officers, and thofe that furviv’d fail’d in their Duty to him for want of Courage, he had given them a fignal Overthrow , but whileft with much ado he had prevail’d with his Captains to renew the Combat (having been forc’d by the coming on of the Spa- nifh Vice and ReresAdmirals to quit hishold) and was preparing for a fecond Ons fet, the Sea began to be rough, and the Enemy was gotten to the Windward. Some few days after being inform’d, that the Spanifh Fleet lay before the Flats of Cube and Chap. VII. AMERICA, 567 and the Rocky Organes, Steer’d thither, refolving to venture once more; but when he came there, the Spaniards were gone; whereupon he fent fome of his Ships to Brafile, others to Cruife before Cuba, whileft he himfelf went for the Netherlands. Whileft this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately, Cameron, General of the Brafi- lians, fent three Agents to Grave Maurice, defiting to enter into League with the We/t- India Company, upon fome Differences that were rifen between him and the Duke of Bagnola, Grave Maurice {eeming much inclin’d to his Offer, treated the. Agents very nobly ; who not long after, oblig’d by his Civility, inform’d him, that (ame: yon, an incon{tant Man, had made Peace again with Bagnola, But that which chiefly obftructed Grave Maurice’s Defigns, was the want of Proyifions, Ammunition and Men, notwithftanding his continual Complaints to the Company. About the beginning of the Year 163.9. the Spanifh Fleet, confifting of twenty eight Sail, moft of them Gallions, appear'd in fight of Reciffa, but Steer’d Souths wardly ; Grave Maurice hereupon fent out the beft Sailers to follow them, and fee whither they were bound, or if they intended to Land, whileft himfelf march’d along to Porto Calvo ; but inform’d that they were gone into the Inlet Todos los San» os, he return’d to Reciffa, after he had ftor’d the Forts Porto Calvo, Una, Serinhain, and that at the Promontory St. Augu/tine; with all Neceflaries. About the fame time Arciffeusky arriving from Holland with a Commiffion to be anciffimy General over the Forces there, imparted to fome Friends the Copy of a Letter thag lmpssts Grave Adau- he intended to fend tothe Amfterdam Burgomafter Albert Coenraedfxoon vander Burgh, vs 34 ™ containing many Accufations againft Grave Maurice and his Council ; of which he being inform’d, call’d a general Aflembly,to whom he makes a large Speech,wherein he declar’d how faithful a Servant he had been to the States of the United Netherlands’ for the {pace of twenty years, complain’d of the malice of Arciffeusky in wrongfully afperfing him, both in theaforefaid Letter and otherwife, anfwer'd particularly to every thing which was laid to his Charge, (as he did afterwards ina Letter alfo from himfelf to Vander Burgh) and laftly made it his peremptory Requeft, that he might return home, and leave Arciffeusky in Power, or that Arciffeushy might be fent home, and he remain undifturb'd in his Government , and fo withdrew, leaving them to their own Confultations, It exceedingly perplex'd them, and took up a long Debate what Judgment te give in this Matter, which before they concluded on, they propos’d feveral Expedients of Reconciliation between them ; but feein it was all in vain, they unanimoufly judg’d it convenient, that Arciffeusky fhould aid retutn ; who not long after accordingly weigh’d Anchor from Parayba for Holland. Arciffeusky arriving in’ Holland, appear’d unexpeétedly before the States of the United Netherlands and Weft-India Company, where feveral Judgments were pals'd sever Judge upon him ; fome faid he deferv’d fevere punifhment, for his misbehavior to Grave iaeld rw Maurice , others {eem’d to have compaifion of him, becaufe he had done fo many noble Exploits; moft laid the blame on the Company, who rafhly fent him with a Commifiion as Chief over the Militia, not without impairing Grave Maurice’s Power ; but thefe Difcourfes fell amongft thofe who were not call’d to give their Opinion of this Cafe. John Coin was chofen Field-Marfhal in Arciffeusky’s ead, whileft the Councellors fieu-vnr- Matthias Cewlen, Adrian vander Duffen, fobn Guifeling, and Servaes Carpentier, were ready Gain to. come for Holland, and on the twenty ninth of Oétober 1639. they fet Sail from Parayla, Vander Duffen bringing with him an exaé Relation of the Condition of Brafile, fo faras concerns the We/t-India Company, which being material, we fhall referve it for a more fit place. It being fear’d that. che Spanijh Fleet in the Harbor of Todos los Sanétos might undertake AMER TOM Chap. VII. undertake fomé Defign or other againft the Hollanders, Grave Maurice kept a watchs ful Eye upon them, repair’d all decay’ d Forts, rais'd new Forces, fent ont fome Veflels to watch the Fleet, and prohibited the Tran{portinig of Provifions, anima. ted the Brafilian Bs tc i dag to fight againft the Portuguefe, and forc’d the: Owners of Sugar-Mills to Plant ftore of Mandiboka, that fo his eatnwe might laft the longer. A Party of the Enemy, confifting of tek twelve siadbedl Men, having eu? d the River Franci/co, was foon after oppos’d by Colonel Donker. A Spanifb The Spanifh Fleet having lay’n a whole Year before St, Salvador ( becaufe they had pecs Jott near three thoufand Men, who on the Coaft of Africa dy’d of feveral Diftem- wae pers, and therefore, waited dae a frefh Supply) fet Sail on the ninteenth of November Anno 1639. with eighty feven Sail, carrying fixteen thoufand Men, of which thirty feven were great Gallions. Puidinded Mafcarenbas, Duke of Torre, being chief Ad- miral, carry’d the Flag and fixty Brafs Guns in the Ship Domingo, the Portuguefe Adrwival: Roderigo Lobo, carry’d fifty two Guns inthe Gallion Bernardo; of all which, withthe number of the Enemy’s Forces, Grave Maurice was inform’d bya Letter taken out of a Pink laden with Sugar ; and alfo that the Spaniards were in great hopes of the Portuguefe deferting the We/t-India Company, with whom they were forc’d to joyn.; that this great Fleet was order’d to Cruife two years before the Coat of Brafile, and to Land divers Men under the Command of Bagnola, Francifco dle Moro, Antonio Roderiga, Nunno de Mello, Jacob 'Pirezio, Francifco Pezam, and Lopes Bara. balio ; all which made Maurice write continually for Aid, “ Which the We/t-India *‘ Company muft fend {peedily, unlefs they were refolv’d to lofe what they had “€ gotten in Brafile, as alfo the People, who had hitherto defended the fame with the “¢ lofs of their Lives and Fortunes. A Negro that ferv'd a Spanifh Captain, call’d Henvick Dias, being taken, inform’d the Hollanders, That the Spanijh Fleet was much weakned by a poyfonous Air on the Coaft of Africa; and that they had left a confiderable number of their Men in the: Hofpital at St. Salvador ; that the Admiral was refolv’d with divided Forces to burn all Places he ah at, and to receive the Negro’s, Mamolucks, Mulatto’s, and Bra- filians, under his JurifdiGion. But Grave Maurice gave little. credit to this Relation, becaufe the Spaniard doubted not in the leaft, but chat he fhould take Brafi ile from the Netherlanders with his fore-mention’d Forces, why then fhould he ruine what he hop’d to poffefs ?, None knew whither the Spanifh Fleet intended to go; for fetting Sail under the Command of Antonio Oquendo, under pretence of falling upon the Netherlands, they Steer’d their Courfe to Brafile, and at laft from the Inlet Todos. los Sanétos to Goyana ; but four days before they weigh’d Anchor, William (ornelifxoon Loos, who had fome.time been Cruifing before the faid Inlet, came back to Reciffa with thirteen Sail of Ships, which wanted all manner of Neceffaries. The Weft-India Company had now been in a mean Condition, had there not happily arriv’d firft eight, next two, and at laft nine Ships from the Texel, the Maes, and Zealand, with Provifions, anda Supply of Men ; which Maurice had no fooner taken out, and unladen the Ships, but he fitted them for an Engagement, and made up the number of forty one Sail, who yet were not to: be compar’d to the Spaniards, whofe {malleft Veffels carry’d more Men and Guns than the biggeft of the Hollan- devs, which in all had but two thoufand one hundred and ninety fix Men, and one comlfeco". Ship with another under twenty Iron Guns: With this {mall Power the Admiral Loos with his fra once William (ornelifzxoon Loos went to meet.the Enemy, and before the River Michael took rest’ Spange FOUL Spanifh Ships, which carry’d Ammunition and Provifions for the Army, tke which Lopes Barbalio commanded afhore. On the twelfth of January, Anno 1640. he Chap. VII. AMERICA. ‘ 569 he defcry’d the Spanifh Fleet between Itamaraca and Goyana ; not fat from which Maf- carenbas thought co Land feven thoufand Men at Paomorello, and they were already gotten into little Veflels when the Hollanders Fleet. made towards them, and about three a Ciock in the Afternoon began a bloody Engagement for four hours, in which Loos Engaging with the Spanifo Admiral and four Gallions, was kill’d in the Admiral zo middle of the Fight, which ended in the Evening. jacob Huigens.carrying the Flag the next day in fight of the Promontory Blanco, chearing up his Men, went to re- Hnigens cha- new the Fight with Mafcarenbas, and with a few {mall Ships Engag’d feveral great wif Feet. ones, of which they had an advantage onely in their nimble turning and wind- ing- In this Engagement Auigens loft the Ship call’d The Sun, which funk with Colonel Mortimer and forty four Men, thirty four being fav’d in the Boat. The Fibllanders Lofs was the lefs, becaufe the Spanifh great Gallions fir’d over Hluigens’s Ships, which fir'd in the midft of the Spaniards Veflels. Fluigens not being tir’d with two days Engagements, fell upon them a third time before Parayba, and firing, at the Spanifh and Portuguefe Admirals, purfu’d their Fleet to the Northermoft Coaft of Brafile, where by a ftrong Current they were driven Wefterly ; and the Swan, Commanded by Facob Alderick, ‘lofing her Main-maft, was cut off from the Fleet by twelve Gallions ; and three hundred Spaniards were already Mafters of the Deck, when Alderick breaking from the Enemy, drove towards the Shote, and either kill’d : the Spaniards that were in his Ship, or forc’d them to leap overboard, whileft ito. nio Cunha de Andrada, not knowing that Alderick was aground, making upto him, ran alfo aground, which occafion’d a new Fight, and at laft Andrada was made to furrender his Gallion, and with it three thoufand Pound of ‘coin’d and uncoin’d Silver, befides other rich Goods, and two hundred and thirty Men, who were all fent Prifoners to Reciffa. January the feventeenth Hiwigens ventur’d a fourth Engagement between Rio Grande and Conyaon, where approaching the Spanifh Fleet, a fudden Calm prevented him from coming within fhot of them, till againft the Evening the Wind began to rife, butthe Night approaching, it was not judg’d worth whileto Engage for fo few hours, therefore they referr’d the bloody work till the next day ; when about Day- iant Exploit break Huigens ran through the midft of the Enemy's Fleet, and fir’d fo fiercely on T Spenit Fleet again Mafcarenhas, that he Tacking about, ftood away right before the Wind, and not be. ptt ing able to get beyond the Shelves Baxios de Rochas, nor to get Water on the Coaft, becaufe the Hollanders Ketches guarded the fame, he Sail’d into the Offin towards the Line with a South-Eaft Wind. After which Huigens lay eight days.before Rio Grande vo refreth and reft-himfelf, and on the firft of February he arriv’d at Reciffa, where Maurice caus’d a Thank{giving Day to be kept for this wonderful Victory, whileftthe Enemy was exceedingly abafh’d. | Several Difadvantages occurr’d towards the overthrow of the Spanifh Fleet. for firft it was much weakned by the Difeafe which rag’d ‘in the fame on the Coaft of Africa, infomuch that it lay ftill a whole year in Todos los Sanétos to gather frefh For- ces, whileft Maurice put himfelf in a pofture of Defence : Secondly, they lay be- calm’d, and met-with contrary Winds for feveral Moneths, whenas the Voyage bee tween St. Salvador and Pernambuco is commonly not above twelve days, which tedi- ous Paflage occafion’d alfo a Diftemper and faint-heartednefs amongft the Spaniards, _ Wwhileft divers Ships arriv’d at Reciffa from the Netherlands, without which it had been impoffible to have Engag’d with the Enemy, in regard till chen all manner of Ammunition and Provifions were wanting. Hiuigens alfo had continually the advantage or benefit of the Wind, and loft in the Engagement but two Ships, a hundred and twenty four Men, befides twelve wounded: Moreover, but eee PP ; Ships by Huigens, — oo — — = — - ——— > — a = ~— AES © - ——— = } a ee "—P9 +=- — es ee th - ———e pe “~ = = — - r = in. ~ — —<— 9 —— ae < es aa vv . - +. — “- | AMERICA —°~ Chap. VIE. Ships onely of the Dutch Engag’d with this great Spanifh Fleet, the reft never coming -within fhot; wherefore the two Commanders, John Coopman Ryk, and Peter Facob, evere condemn’d to be Beheaded; Cornelis Fohn/zoon and Peter Dirkfzoon had their Swords broke over their Heads by the common Hangman ; Cornelis. Lucifer, Dirk Eger, and Jacob Clavor, were banifh’d , and others came off by paying great Fines :: but the Spani/h Fleet loft in the four Engagements twenty Ships, and fome thoufands of Men, the Jo/eph alone having four hundred flainin her. Laftly, anchoring near the Ifland Margareta, the Portuguefe Admiral (ofmo de Couto, and the Captain-General Francifco Pimentello, falling out, the Spaniards Steer’d to Tercera, and from thence to (ales, where there Landed but few Men, moft of them dying of Hunger and Thirft ‘7 their Return home: Four Gallions,withtwo Pinks,got into the Spanifh Harbors, the reft being either ftranded before New Spain, funk, or return’d to the Inlet Todos los Sanéfos. | Before the foremention’d Fleet weigh’d Anchor from St. Salvador, two thoufand Portuguefes, befides Tapuyans and other Brajilians, match’d «under the Command of Cameron, Vidal, and Barbalio, with divided Forces into the Countrey, partly to get Provifion, and partly to do what mifchief they-could to the Hollanders, far and near : their Orders were to joymin the Village St. Laurence, {even Leagues ‘be- yond Paomarello, that there they might make way for the Seamento Land, if the Netherland Forces fhould chance to guard the Sea-Coaft thereabouts, and to joyn with them as foon as they were Landed. But Grave Maurice encourag’d by his late Vigtory at Sea, immediately fent the Field-Marfhal Coin againft Cameron, who diviidng his Army into fmall Companies ,. had diftributed them through the Conoren's Woods ; in which Coin follow’d his Example, and with divided Forces purfu'd apa Cameron's Army, and overtook his Captain Tak and two hundred Men at Poyuca, bycan.” (whereof Lopes Barbalio was Governor) who fled, notwithftanding he Commanded fix hundred Men.) Soomafter which the Mufter-mafter Man/veld met him near the Village Se. Laurence, Engag’d him, and putting him to flight, found feveral Papers Pongufs of Concern that he had left behind, and amongft.others a Letter, in which Barbalio the Netber- Was commanded to {pare neither Brafilians nor Netherlanders alive, but to kill all, ver'd, without regard either to their Age or Quality, except the Portugue/e. Moreover, Andries Vidal urg’d the Owners of the Sugar-Mills in the Netherlanders Brafile, ime mediately to take up Arms, to regain their ancient Freedomyas foon.as Mafcarenhas appeat’d' with the Spanifo Fleet on the Coaft of Brafile: Thus Vidal, by Letters and private Conferences, prevail’d fo much, that moft of the Portuguefe were ready againft their Oaths to root out the Netherlanders : The fign when they fhould be ready, was the burning of fome Sugar-Mills, Vidal imagining thereby to have drawn the Netherlanders from the Sea-fide, and fo made the Sea-Coaft free for the Spaniards to Land fecurely in. But the Garrifon under Coin along the Sea-fhore near Alexis, not ignorant of the Enemy’s Plot, kept their Stations, and fuf- fer’d the Mills to burn. The like did Craey at the Promontory of St. Augu/tine, Picard at Paomarello, Captain Day at Cantolaria, and Donker on, Gayana ; Hoog ftraet kept Guard up in the Countrey ; Toulon alfo fent out by Maurice againit Francifco Sofa and Henrick Dias, who had pillag’d all the Countrey about the River Conajou, fell upon them in fuch a manner, that he deftroy’d eighty feven of them, and wounded a confiderable number more of them, made the reft flieto St. Salvador. | Two Moneths before the Spanifh Fleet fet Sail from Todos los Sanctos, three thou- fand Tapuyans came to Rio Grande with their Wives and Children, from an unknown Countrey remote from the Sea. Grave Maurice requefted their King Jobn de Wy, that he would pleafe to keep Watch along the Sea-Coaft, and prevent the Landing of Lig? P = the 570 Chap. VII. AwMERICA a the Spanifh Seamen : Whereupon De Wy fent his Son to the Caftle Ceuler, making folemn Proteftations, that he was ready to lofe his Life and Fortune for the Nether» landers, in helping them to drive the Portuguefe out of Brafile. Maurice alfo joyn’d two thoufand Brafilians, and Colonel Garftman with fixty Netherlanders, to the Tapu- yans, that fo he might train them up in Martial Difcipline, whileft the Tapuyaris Wives and Children were plac’d on the Ifland Tamarica. About the beginning of the Year 1640. Houte-been and Lichthart brought a confiderable Fleet from the Netherlands to an Anchor at Reciffa, where a Conful- tation was held, whither thefe Ships might be fent to do moft Service : every one had an Eye on St. Salvador, not long fince Storm’d in vain ; but Madrice judg’d that they had not Forces enough to undertake fo grand a Defign,but thought it would be better to Land fome frefh Forces near Sts Salvador, that there they might burn the Sugar-Mills, and deftroy all thingsthey could find, in revenge of what the Enemy had done at Parayba. Whereupon Tourlon and Lichthart fet Sail with twenty Ships, Mann’d with two thoufand five hundred Men, to the Inlet Todos los Sanétos, where they burnt all the Portuguefe Sugar-Mills, Houfes and Villages; nei- ther did their Swords {pare any alive but Women and Infants: TheCattel which they found they carry’d aboard of their Ships, and burnt all other Provifions. Inthe mean time Houte-been and Coin fell upon Porto Franco, where they ruin’d all © things, to no other end, but that the Enemy might call home his Forces out of the Netherlanders Brafile, to defend the Province Todos los Sanétos. But Captain Brand Capt. Brand going up too far into the Countrey with his Army, was fuddenly fet upon, had as. — ~ hundred of his Men flain on the Spot, and was himfelf taken Prifoner, together with many more. Alfo the Storming of the Town Spirito Santte by Coin prov'd uns Pecjerag fuccefsful, becaufe heled an undifciplin’d Company, and wanted little Veffels to — Land in on a fudden ; for the Enemy having had timely notice, immediately rais’d sito Sant, a Sconce about the Town, and with five Brafs Guns fir'd ftoutly onhim, who en- deavor'd to climb up the Hill, but was fore’d to found a Retreat, his Men failing in their Courage ; yet at laft breaking into the Town, he fet fome of the Houfes on fire, which being built of Stone, refifted the Flame; fo burning onely four hun- dred and fifty Chefts of Sugar, he left fixty Men kill’d, and brought back eighty — wounded, Lichthart in the mean time made great havock about St. Salvador. In this Conjuncture the We/t-India Company fuffer’d much by Robberies and Spoils committed up and down the Countrey, by the ferting their Woods of Brae file on fire by a company of Negro’s, the chief Ring-leader of whom was one call’d shoes Sofi Peter Vift, who from Caves and almoft inacceflible Ways came forth in the Night, and fet fire on whatfoever places he came to, notwithftanding a hundred Negro’s of his crew were foon after caught, which heat feveral times had by force taken out of their Mafters Sugars-Mills ; which Grave Maurice prevented as muchas. pof- fible, by keeping Soldiers up and down in Arms. He alfo us’d the Portugue/e very civilly, who though they promis’d Obedience, becaufe they liv’d under the Ju- rifdiction of the We/t-India Company, yet were ready on all occafions to fhew the contrary ; wherefore Grave Maurice {ending for the chief of them to Reciffa from Pernambuco, Itamaraca, and Parayba, told them before the Privy Council, that they might eafily fee how vainly they expected chat the Spanifh Crown fhould take Brafile from the Netherlanders ; that formerly they depended on the Spanifh Fleet Commanded by Mafcarenhas, but that being deftroy’d by a {mall Force, that hope was loft ; therefore if henceforward they would Trade on their own Accounts,they might be aflur’d they fhould not fuffer in the leaft, either in their Goods, Religion, or Perfons, | fire by Peter Vij. The 572 AME R I Ch Chap. VILE. Heber de The Neopolitan Field-Marfhal Heétor dela Calee, fettitig Sail from the Haven Todos P.ifoner. los. Sanétos with an old Ship carrying fix hundred Men, was fore’d to run aground in the Haven of Parayba, where he and the chief Commanders were taken Prifoners, whileft the Common Soldiers by reafon of the {carcity of Provifions, were {et ar. liberty. i ; i | ) , Houte-been and Lichthart weigh’d Anchor with twenty four Ships, carrying two thoufand Soldiers.and feven hundred*Seameén‘to Alavana, to Cruife for the Plate- Fleet, buc:the Spani/h Ships keeping within theit Harbors, and ‘their own being dift pers'd and fcatter’d by ill Weather; their Voyage prov'd in vain. ents Not long after Grave Maurice fent fome Ships under Lichtharts Command to Cruile before the River Januarius, and others for the fame purpofe to. Angola ; but he effected little, for heonely took two Ships, one whereof being laden with Wine, was fold for 9400 |. Stel. | hog The news of the Portuguefe Crowning the Duke of Bragancia, and cafting off the Caftilian Yoke, which very much chang’d the face of Affairs in Brafile, was about this time bronght over by the Jefuit Francifco Vilhent,and the Under-Field-Marthal Peter Corerade Gama, who were by Bragancia fent to Sts Salvador, not onely to bring the tidings of the Portuguefes Revolt, byt alfo to take the!Oath of Allegiance from Montalvan to the new King, which he made no feruple of; fo that from thence- forth all but the’ Caftilian-and Neopolitan'Soldiets; ‘cat “off their Obedience:to the Crown of Spain.” Whereupon Montalvan defit’d Grave'Maurice'to allow'a ‘Ceffation of _ Arms, till fuch time as they might both receive information’ what 'Triftan Mendoza, ~ “in the new King of Portugal’s Name, had Treated’ with the States of the United Ne- therlands. about ; and to make the Requeft feem the fairer, {everal Dutch Prifoners were fet at liberty, and the-Companies'with which Paalo Acunbas was marching to Pernambuco, were:call’d back. | : piv Mr Grave Maurice defiting ‘inohis Letters to be releas’d from ‘his Employment in Grave aon Brafile, receiv'd for Anfwer'from the States, “ Thatit would be very difadvanta- rice delir'd by the Statesand €¢ geous forthe States forhim toome home, now he throughly underftood the In- @/teIndia ; ‘ iat gt Company. to fF creagues of the New World, in Which he might do much good, efpecially fince the continue in his Govern £6 Poytuguefe being revolted, would iiall probability affift. them in deftroying the fin King of ( + - a = _— —_ ~ a = - —_ on - : ——- —— - 2 x m SS — - - - - > - ~ all - ~ —a = - - - “ - te =! — _ - > = = = - ~ ~ - . €y - a ir 7 eo s . ae = Sat ewer? -" = ie — ar —_ v— Chap. VII. fA MER ICA. Pe ae interwoven ; behind which were Gardens and Orchards of Palm-Trees, and con- form’d tothe Religion and Government of the Portugnefe. Whileft three hundred Mufquetteers, a hundred Mameluks, ‘and feven hundred Greve stan. Brafilians were fitting to go to the Palmares, there arriv’d Agents at Reciffa from the fullicited by King of Congo, whobrought as a Prefent to Grave Maurice, two hundred Negro's, a the King of Golden Collar and Pot, befides many Negro’s for the Weft-India Company. Thefe Dake of Agents defir’d Aid againft the Duke of Sonbo, who treacheroufly Plotted to drive ar the King out of Congo; which Plot was difcover’d by fcatrer’d Letters, Sign’d by the Governors and Bifhop at Loando, a little before Loando was taken by the Hollan- ders. Maurice courteoufly Entertaining the Agents, proffer’d himfelf to be a Media- tor to decide the Difference, and gavethem a long Velvet Coat Lac’d with Gold and Silver Lace, a Silk Coat and Scarf, anda Beaver Hat with a Golden Edging. Not long after there came Agents from Sonbo, to befeech Grave Maurice that he would not affit the King of Congo ; one of whom went tothe Hague, and was fol low’'d by two from the King of Congo, who open’d their Letters before the Prince of Orange. The two Agents from Congo were ftrong and black Men, very active, and having 7h Ages gtim Countenances,; they Danc’d after a ftrange manner; and fhowing the Picture whtkind of of their King fitting in great State, aéted the Poftures in which his Nobles and other Subjects fhew’d him Reverence : their Strength was fuch, that they were able with eafe to carry each of them two hundred thirty five Pound weight : their - Ornamentals confifted of Elephants Tails. In Loando the Governor for the Dutch, nam’d Cornelis Niewland, and the Portuguefe Governor Peter Cafar de Menefes, came to this Agreement, That fince the ten years ‘Peace wasconcluded on between the Portuguefe and Netherlanders, Menefes fhould poffefs the Counttey wath’d by the River Bengo, and call in the ancient Natives to _ live and Trade as formerly ; all which was faithfully perform’d: nay, Mene/es fur- nifh’d Niewland with as much Meal as he requir'd, towards the maintaining of a thoufand Negro’s, whom he had bought ; and the Hollanders and Portugue/es began now to be every day more arid miore friendly and familiar with each other, when ona fudden Niewland not onely remembring what was done lately on the Iflands séewefs ac. Maragnan and St. Thomas, but alfo ftirr’d up by other later A@ions, which gave him Wimient Niewland af- occafion of jealoufie, fent two hundred Mufquetteers in the Night from Loando, fr"! ¥""* totake the Governor Mene/es, with fome others, who he fear’d might make an In- ol furrection. The Soldiers accordingly about Day-break fell unawares upon the fleeping Portuguefes, kill’d forty of them, and carry’d Menefes and many other Pers fons of Quality away Prifoners, together with a Booty valu’d at above ten thou- fand Ducats, and fenc a hundred and fixty Portugue/es in an old leaky Veffel to St. Sal- vador ; but they being tofs’d to and again at Sea for a confiderable time, eight of them dy’d, the reft almoft ftarv’d, Landedon Pernambuco; where Simon Alvares dela svar: de le Benho being amaz'd to fee his Countrey-men thus hardly dealt with, complain’d Compiane of Niewland, Mols, and Cro’, who were the chief of Loando, that they had broke the ‘scm of Laws, and the {worn Articles of Peace; urging that it would be very unjuft that mn” the poor Portuguefes {hould not have Satisfaction for the Wrong which they had fuftain’d, as alfo for the lofs.of theit Goods. To which Grave. Maurice anfwez'd, “ That Loando belong’d to the We/t-India Company, and that fot his part he had no- “‘ thing todo with that City, but that if the States were accquainted therewith, * they would without doubt be highly concern’d at it. ~ Chriftopher Santches, a free Negro, gave information of the fad Condition of the ifland St. Thomas, viz, That the greateft part of the AcManders that had been left G gg 3 3 upon AMERICA. Chap. VII. upon that Ifland being dead, Pirex hereupon with the King’s Confent fitted out two Ships, and fetting Sail from Lisbon about the beginning of July 1642. firft re- fus’d to pay the ufual Cuftom at the Ifland St. Thomas, afterwards fell upon the Flanders, whom he Befieg’d in the Caftle, and againft the Law of Arms poyfon’d allthe Waters. | To prevent the future Inconveniences that were likely to arife from a Famine which about this time affli€ted the whole Countrey of Brafile, Grave Maurice judg’d +¢ convenient to fell the Lands in the Alagoas to new Planters ; to which purpofe: Hlenrick Moucheron was chofen Overfeer, to take care that all the Fields about Porto Calvo, and along the River Francifco, as alfo in the Alagoas, fhould be Sow’n with Bread-Corn. Grave ten — Grave Maurice obtaining leave at laft to go home, took Leave by Letters of the leave of the Governors of Serinhain, Porto Calvo, Ignarazua, Itamaraca, Parayba, Rio Grande, and in vewwe ia Petfon of the Council at Reciffa, who all thank’d him for his prudent Government, manifefting their hearty forrow for his departure, Which without doubt would produce many Inconveniences. But though the Council of the Weft-India Company had order’d him to return home about the beginning of March 1643. yet he went not fo foon, becaufe he was to reduce the umber of Militiato eighteen Companies, and alfo tothe fettle Revenues, and difpofe of Offices, in which be found much trou ble ; wherefore before his departure he wrote tothe States of the United Netherlands, affuring them how impoffible it was to defend Brafile, which extended fome hun- dreds of Leagues, with fo {mall a number of Men, fince the Portuguefe cover'd in- ward malice under a feigned fhew ofkindnefs, and atthe fame time watch’d all Opportunities to drive the Netherlanders ftom their Plantations,being very much ex- afperated by the priviledge of Religion granted to the Jews,whileft their Monks and Jefuits were banifh’d. Moreover, in regard they ow’d the Weft-India Company above fifty nine Tuns of Gold, they fought to caticel that Obligation, by making chemfelves Mafters of whatfoever their Creditors had in Brafile, fo that there was no way but to keep them under by force of Arms. | | He leaves the“ After Grave Maurice had fent this Letter to Holland, he left the Government of and returns Brafile to the chief Council, the Militia to Henrick Hoes, Captain of his Life-guard, 4 with Dire@tions for Governing after his departure. Having fetled all things in good order, he went from Maurice-ftadt through Paratibi and Iguaraxu to Parayba ; where Janduy fent him three of his Sons, with twenty Tupayans, defiring him not to o away ; two of them with feveral (arapates and Waypebarans, (a People who made themfelves Mafters of the great Palmares) and five other Bra/ilians went aboard with him on the cwentieth of May 1644. | | f The Fleet, confifting of thirteen Ships, and Mann’d with fourteen hundred Men of all forts, was laden with fo many Merchandizes as were valu’d at twenty fix Tuns of Gold ; with which Grave Maurice arriving at the Texel, Landed at the Helder, and gave an Account of his Government in Brafile, and of the then prefent fate of that part of it which belong’d to the We/t-India Company. ml mages After Grave Maurice’s departure, Hlamel, Bafsi, and Bullestraet, bore the chief Come fairs after mand in Bra/ile : The Charges made by the War were mitigated, andthe number departure, of the Soldiers in Garrifon reduc’d to fixteen hundred ; fome Forts lay without a Man in them, whileft the King of Portugal watch’d for fuch an opportunity , for he feem’d to be as much concern’d for that Countrey, as for his Kingdom of Ports- gal, and the rather, becaule his Predeceflor Seba/tian receiv’d above forty hundred thoufand Ducats yearly out of the fame, befides che Prefents and other Gains made by the Portuguefe ; wherefore he gave order tothe Governor of St. Salvador to be , very 578 To 7 wend — - — a = » lis el , 5 —ae— * iw . =~ —— a - : — — ~ = —= : S = = —- — ~~ rom we, = . By) hr rc Chap. VII. AMERICA, very vigilant, and affur'd him, that in a fhort time he would fend him both Men and Provifions. A Malatto call’d Jobn Fernandes Viera, did not a little affift the Portu- virs’s Tra. guefe intheir Defign ; for he having liv’d a confiderabletime in a Councellors Houle * in Reciffa, had narrowly obferv’d all Paffages, and infinuated himfelf into feveral Statefmens Affairs, by Prefenting them now and then with fome Rarities, info- much that he came in time to Farm the Rents which the Weft-India Company res ceiv'd fromthe Sugar-Mills , buc at length being difcontented becaufe the Coun- cil would not make any abatement upon the fame, when he complain’d that he loft by Farming the fore-mention’d Tax, he held private Correfpondence with Andreas Vidal, that. when a convenient opportunity prefented it felf for the Portugue/e to fall on the Hollanders, he might be affifting,; to which end he had gotten feveral Arms and Ammunition together. — _ In this Plot a Jew nam’d Mefes Accoignes, living in Viera’s Houfe, a League from Recifa, to keep himfrom Arrefts, was perf{waded to joyn; which he feemingly pros mis‘dto do; but went away by Day-break, and difcover’d the Defign to the Privy- Council, who being rock’d afleep by the Portugue/es fair Pretences, gave no ¢redit to the Relation. : For the better carrying on of this Defign, Cavalcantelca, Provoft-Marfhal in a pir = Maurice-ftadt made a great Wedding for his Daughter in Viera’s Houfe, to which the Sterberlandes chiefeft Perfons of Quality, both of the Portuguefe, and alfo all the PrivyeCoun- onbyawa- cellors and Military Officers belonging to the We/t-India Company were invited : “® _ and the Plot was fo contriv’d, that whileft they were all at Dinner, the Portuguele were fuddenly to fall upon the Netherlanders and kill them, both Servants and Ma- fiers; this done, fome were togo to Reciffa or Maurice-ftadt, with news that the Wedding People were coming ; whereupon part were to prefs into the City, others to keep the Gates, till alt their Forces were come thither, which then might eafily fecureand {eize upon the Magazine: fome Barquesalfo under pretence of loading Sugar, were in the mean time to fet upon the Haven and Fort near the Shore. All things were accordingly prepar’d for the Wedding, nothing being wanting that could be purchas’d with Money; and near the Forts of Rio Grande and Parayba were Stage-plays to be Acted in publick, ic being concluded that the Soldiers in Garri- fon would certainly be there to fee them ; the Actors being privately Arm’d with Piftols and Ponyards. And to oblige one another the more for the carrying on of this bloody Defign, Viera had caus’d the chief Confpirators to take an Oath before the high Altar. The twenty fourth of June 1645. was the Day on which this Tra- gedy was to be acted ; but a few days before two Portuguefes and five Jews, who had Tone been {worn Confederates, their Confciences checking them for fo villanous an never shy: Undertaking, made an ingenuous Difcovery of the Plot. The Councellor Moucheron Conlpitates was alfo inform’d, that the Portuguefe Colonel (amaron and Diex were coming with great Forces from St. Salyadors | The Council when they might eafily have apprehended Viera, fent for him by a Few call’d Abraham Coimg, under pretence of Treating about fome Bufinefs concern- ing the We/t-India Company ; he promis’d to come in the Evening, but fuf pecting Fite ls in he was betray’d, fled into the Woods, and gave {peedy notice to all his Accom- °™ “°° | plices, who follow’d him in great numbers. The Soldiers fent to fearch Viera’ s Houfe,found none but old Men and Children. : The Councellor Van Honten went immediately with feven Sugar-Veflels to Pa- rayba, fortifi'd the Forts Margareta, Reftringa, ‘and Antonio, and made room for the Brafilians that had remov'd thither from their Villages, inthe Houfes deferted by the Portugue/e in Frederick-ftadt. On the other fide, Amador da Rouge, one of a Con- pitators, 27? 580 AMERICA. Chap. VII. fpirators, went with a Company from Poionca through the Countrey, kill’d feven © Dutch Seamen, with three Jews, and erected Gibbets, on which he threatned to hang all thofe who did not take up Arms for the King of Portugal, Colonel Hous ine form’d hereof march’d with five hundred Men to Poiucato meet the Portuguefe, who were {catter’d ip and-down the neighboring Woods. He alfo publifh’d an Edié, in which every one was Licens’d to return to their Habitations, with pre- mife of pardon for theit Rebellion, if they would take the Oath of Allegiance anew, onely Viera, Cavalcantelca, and Da Rouge, were excluded, and nine thoufand Guilders promis’d to thofe that brought them dead or alive, which made two hundred Inhas bitants in Reciffa march into the Countrey under the Command of Captain Blar, to find the fore-mention’d Traitors ; and at laft joyning with Hous, they purfu'd the fled Portuguefe. i | Hoogesfrat ‘In the mean time the Council fent the Captains Vander Voort and Hoogen/traet, to with tmons Antonio Silya, Governor of St. Salvador, to acquaint him with the treacherous Infurs vids ten. rection of the Portuguefe, and of Camaronand Diex coming from St. Salvador to their ieliveupie affiftance, urging, that thefe treacherous Proceedings and breach of Oath, could pfim, ” not but redound to the difhonor of the Crown of Portugal. Whereto Silva ans fwer'd, ‘* That Camaron and Diex were not under any Obligation of Oath, but . « that he would check the Infurre€tion in Pernambuco, and take carethat the Au- “ thors thereof fhould make Satisfaction to the Weft-India Company. Notwithe ftanding which fair Pretences, he fo wrought with Hoogen/traet, that after a private Conference between them it was agreed, that for a certain fum of Money he fhould furrender him the Promontory of St. Augu/tine, of which he was Governor ; but at his Return to Reciffa being made chief Commander of the Caftle there, and being jealous what might follow his private Treating with Silva, he declar’d to the Council, that Silva had defir’dhim to furrender the Fort St. Auguftine, which he had granted, for noother end, but to catch the falfe Portuguefe in theit own Nets, and to trapan all fuch as fhould be fent to take pofieffion of it; and that if the Council had any fufpicion of him, they might make ufe of his Service in fome other place. About this time a hundred and fifty Tapuyans, led by a German Soldier call Jacob Rabbi, Sallying out of their Woods, fell upon the great Village (Conyabou, under the Jurifdiction of Rio Grande, broke into the Church, murder’d all the Portuguefe, and eating their raw Flefh, demolifh’d the Place. ? Hous alfo unfortunately Storm’d the Mountain Santantan, where the Enemy lay Intrench’d, being forc’d to Retreat with the lofs of above a hundred Men, amongft whom was Captain Lo. ps Grave maz The Privy Council caus’d a part of Maurice-ftadt to be pull’d down, as alfo'the Salts detie ftately Palace Freyburgh, for which the Jews profter’d GraveMaurice 6000 I. together Mes with the ftately Garden, which were thought to exceed the famous Gardens in Theffalia ; but on the‘other fide they kept Men at work Night and Day in repairing the decay’d Caftle at Reciffa. Bonatides ap - About the fame time the Admiral Salvador Correo de Bonayides, brought thirty grat Flet four great Sail of Ships to an Anchor before Reciffa, the Gallion which he Com- eiffs,butpre- manded carrying fixty Brafs Guns. The Admiral Lichthart ran to meet him with hip, five Veffels, and fent him word, that if he fell downto Leeward, fince he was got to the Windward, he fhould foon find, that five Ships durft Engage with a Fleet fix times as ftrong.. Whereupon Bonavides {ent two Meflengers to Lichthart to tell him, that he came asa Friend to damp the Portuguefe Infurreétion in Pernambuco ; to which purpofe he had already Landed fome Companies at Tamandera. Lichthart fend- ing the two Meflengers to the Council at Reciffa, they fent two of their own Mem- bers . gull Pp fen / rit | a “fil 5, ep ; antl ae oy RT Re ay Ps | ili il Sl Hee, : vy NaS 581 iY) 1 va i \ de ‘ R\2 %, if} \ . 1h r / & \ ‘ / Xs. 4 J vr . r 5 a ae — tm — Ss SS) ——~ Se. _\hi ) treet eS 8 eS | , Ty, i rat The Names of the Ships both of the Dutch and Portuguefe Fleet. A. The Portuguefe Admiral, H. The Ter Veer. B. Their Vice-Admiral. I. The Zealand Vice-Admiral. C. The reft of their Ships. K: The Over-Yfel. D. Three of their Barques. L. SaltsLand Pink. E. Three Carvels, which lay to M. TheGolden Deer Frigat. watch in the Bay. N, 0. The Leyden Pink, and Unicorn F. The Enemy’s Battery. Frigat. G. The Utrecht, being the Dutch Q. A Dogger and three Netherland Admiral. | Barqgues. bers to Bonavides, defiring to know of him what call’d him thither with io great a Fleet, and without giving the leaft notice, contrary to the concluded Peace of ten cars ? ; Whileft the two Commiffioners went with the fore-mention’d Orders to the Portugue/e Fleet, a Netherland Veftel endeavor'd, notwithftanding the Wind was con- trary, to get out to Lichtbart’s affiftance ; which Bonavides obferving, ftood away Northerly before the Wind : but Lichthart overtook a Ketch belonging to the Por- tuguefe Fleet. Mean while the Portuguefe upon Land being two thoufand ftrong, under the cA ego Command of Vidal, Diez, Camaron, and Acoignes, Storm’d the Fort Serinhain, where adothers, the French Captain Montagne could make but little refiftance, not having above forty Men, and being unprovided of Ammunition and Provifion ; yet he refifted nine days, and at laft got two Barques to convey him to Reciffa. Soon after this the Portuguefe Fleet falling out amongft themfelves, Bonavides Steer’d back for Lisbon with a few Ships, the reft coming to an Anchor again near Reciffa ; where the Seamen whom Lichthart had taken inform’d him, that their Fleet came the firft time to Reciffa for no other end, but to ftir up the Portuguefe by their AMERICA. Chap. VIL. their Prefence to take up Arms, according to a private Contract, having to that purpole Landed twelve hundred Men at Tamandera, befides the Army led by Cama- ronand Diez from St. Salvador to Pernambuco. Colonel Hous about this time being fent for back to Reciffa, and ftaying with five hundred Men for Captain Blaek’s coming, who was fent to fetch all the Portu- guefe Women within three Leagues about Reciffa, was fet upon in the Night by Vidal with two thoufand Portuguefes ; the Brafilians, who were above half his Forces, flying into the Woods, leaving onely two hundred Netherlanders to fight with Vidal, by whom being fo much over-power'd, they were fore’d to fubmit to his mercy, and fuffer themfelvesto be all carry’d Prifoners to St. Salvador. By this time at Reciffa all things were in a confufion, the Pits digg’d about Maurice-/tadt afforded nothing but brackifh Water, which occafion’d Sicknefs. the Fort sr, Vidal encourag’d by his Victory, march’d to St. Augu/line, where without doube rcxkerouly he had ftopt, if Hoogenfiraet,who had the chief Command of the Fort, had not been: treacheroufly furrendred by an ; : 7 . : is invinci Hoogentract’ Difloyal; for this Traitor thought it not enough to furrender this invincible Fort to Hoogenraet pop the Enemy, but alfo bereav’d Reciffa of Provilions and Ammunition, which he did very fubtilly, fending earneftly thither for Souldiers, Bullets, Powder and Shor, in lieu whereof he fent thither two Barques full of old Men, Women and Chil- dren, that fo he might deprive Reciffa of ftout Men, and fupply their room with un- able People. For this treacherous and villanous Act the Portugnefe were to give him 1800 |. and make him a-Colonel : Moreover, all the Soldiers in Garrifon, cons fitting of three hundred Men, receiv'd 3 /. a Man, and were fent to joyn with a. Regiment ‘of fix hundred and fifty Men, over which Hoogenftraet was made chief Commander. Lichtbart The day before this eminent Caftle, wasto be deliver’d up to the Enemy, .Ad- i Vidi ove miral Lichthart obtain’d a brave Viétory at Sea; for the Portuguefe Fleet (confifting pantie of feventeen Sail, the reft being gone with Bonavides to Portugal) anchoring before 'Tamandera, were valiantly fet upon by Lichthart, who Engag’d with them on the _ ninth of September 1645. with the Utrecht, being the Admiral Ship, the Zealand, Ter Veer, Over-Yfel, the Pinks Salt-Land and Leyden, a Dogger and three Barques. In the Hole of the Haven Tamandera three Portuguefe Carvels kept Watch, and near a Bat- tery full of Guns Jay three Barques, and the other Ships a little farther nigh the Shore. The Enemy at firft fhot very fiercely from the Battery, whileft the Ships drove to the Shore, and the Men leaping overboard {wam,afhore, onely the Admiral Feronymo Serao de Payva made fome refiftance, but at laft furrendred up his Ship, the Netherlanders in their Barques killing above feven hundred Portuguefes in the Water. Lichthart burnt the whole Fleet, exceptthe Admiral and VicesAdmiral, ‘which he carry’d to Reciffa. . | | | But this Victory was not comparable to the Lofs which the Ea/telndia Company fuftain’d by the felling of the Promontory of St. Augajtine, and che taking of the Forts Porto Calyo and Rio Francifco ; to the laft whereof the Barques coming too late to carry the Soldiers off, they were all made Prifoners by the Portugue/e, as alfo the Planters, in all to the number of five hundred. , | Vidal marching to Tamarica, Storm’d Schuppen-/tadt, but found fuch refiftance from George Garfiman (who fupply’d the Prifoner Hous his Place) that he lofs three hun- Benillows put dred Men: After whichhe endeavor’d by means of Fernandes Bouilloux, to purchale to Death by the Gove the Fort Margareta for 1500 1. Sterl. of the Governor of Parayba, who immediately nor of Pa- myés, without any farther Examination, caus’d Bonilloux that profter’d the Money to be put to death. ; A Dutch Sergeant in Olinda dealt very treacheroufly ; for he fold the Fort to a Portu- > — = et — _— P — — - —_ — > - — ~—— —— _ o mn —_, _—_—, ——— Ste <= a a - ‘ - ' t : : - ' | 4 ‘ 7 : j : : 7 lid ion. LP : ; ' | BS ' - ; y : : { - : : - * : ' ' : h : " : : ’ : . - | - iF : 7 I; i ‘ ‘ ® - 7 : ' ' bk r \ i] | : : : - 44 - ' a)! > Th) i se / ; - * : 1 «1 i ‘ Ye teaid | : : : wh i a . ) : ® a ; +l : 4 h ‘ a : : q ’ ‘ - " + ? - A : . a 7 * r : - + S| ' ; ‘ , : ; : : , : : 4 : ' i J j ia f | SE ELD || ae vi : J ' , fai : ai, 4 Mm <% iy wel ri / j ' " Th q * ia \ 7 ow ‘ ‘ 4 *h s » rales | ‘ : a} \ i} A eit =7 * ‘s a. ‘ ‘ ita 4), i® : : : 4 1 - . { f \. ‘ . ‘ 4 {7 : : aN iy Amongft ani Chap. VII. AMERIC A. 585 Amongft Stet Misfortunes which befell che Weft-India Company, the Revolt of Ga/ man ard the Tapuyans and other Brafilians was notthe leaft, which hapned upon the occafion Pigr'duv- of Garftman’s putting to Death of Jacob Rabbi, a German, and indeed their chief 7" “cen “Ringleader in all Robberies and Villanies ; but Dary their then King alledging that Rabbi was wrongfully Executed by Garftmanl, and that his Tryal belong’d to him’as King, profecuted Gar/iman fo vigoroully, that he and his Enfign Jacob Boulan, his Acceflory in the Faét, had their Goods and Salary confifcated, and they Bic felves were fent home in difgrace. Mean while thé Council feeing that there was not much good to be done by Te 2a guefe Invita~ force of Arms, ‘endeavor’d by mild ways to inyite the revolted Portuguefes, who toarrerails were all prowtied Pardon for their Infurrection in an Edict which was publifh’d Xba in all places, onely Viera, Almado, De Rouche, Antonio Calvantelca, and Fhoogenftraet, for whom great fums of Money were offer’d, were excepted. The Portuguefe on the contrary publifh’d, That they would receive all thofe Netherlanders into favor that would come over to them, and pay the Debts which they ow’d to the We/t-India Company, and alfo tttvan{port them whither they pleas’d.. Thefe Promifes, writ- ten in Englifh, Dutch, French, and Portuguefe, and hung every where on the Boughs of Trees, and other publick Places, operated much more than the Privy-Councils Edids ; for i in ftead of one Portuguefe that came to them, feveral ranto the Porta: guefe from Reciffa, notwithftanding a ftri€& Guard was kee to prevent them, befides the great mortality: amongft the Soldiers and Inhabitants through feveral: raging Diftempers, and want'of frefh Provifions : Which general Calamity, it feems, very much cow’d the Spirits of thofe that were left ; for in a Sally meeting with fink hundred Portuguefes,-notwithftanding they were equal i in number, yet they made a fhameful Retreat ; yea, though Schuppe came with eight hundred Men to their affis ftance, yet he ebuild ‘hoe prevail with chem to face about either by fair means or foul, for with his owithand he Ran-through an Enfign, Sergeant, and two Soldiers, who ran away firlt. Yet notwithftanding this bafe and cowardly Retreat, itwas tefolv’d on''to fet upon Olinda and the Promontory St. Auguftine ;) and at the fame time ‘Hinderfon was fentto make himfelf Mafter.of Rio Francifco with fifteen hune - dred Men, ‘and to hatrafe all the Counttey thereabouts with Fire and Sword, that | fo he might force the Portuguefe to leave Reciffa. “Though john Dary, King of the Tapuyans, feem’d well enough contented with the revo ofshe punifhment of Gar/iman, yet a great Party of his Subje&ts wete not farisfi’d, but “?””* went and joyn’d with the Portuguefe, becaufe Garftman had not been delivers va them in Sidra, where they kill’d-allthe Necherlanders they could meet with, and fent Prefents to their King Dary, if poffible, to oblige him to joyn with the Portugue/e : But he reply’d, That be had more reafon to punifh them for their ill ufageof the Inhabitants in ‘Siara, than to have any thing to do with the Portuguele. “> The Council inform’d hereof; {ent the Interpreter Ralph Baron, who had a long time’ Convers'd with the Tapuyans, with a Prefent of Axes, Knives, Looking-glaffes, Shirts, Combs, and the like Trifles, to King Dary, defiring him to continue his for- met kindnefs towards the Hollanders'; which Dary promis’d, ptovided he might re- ceive Affiftance from Reciffa againft thofe whom he had side his Enemies for the Netherlanders:{ake ; which Barompromis’d fhould be done as foon as the frefh Forces which were‘daily-expedted fromthe Texel, Maes, and Zealaud, came to Brajile. - Hinderfon Landing at Rio Grande, took the Fort without firing a Gun, the Portas Th For of guefe av his firft coming flying into the Woods. He found here abundance of Cattel; 3h) by for no place in the! World breeds more than this, feveral Husbandmen having fifteen ~ thoufand Head of Beafts, of which many were taken to fupply the want of Provi- | Hhh | fions, — - a — 3 ——e ' Calis iy > = = - . — — -+-— ir). —_——: eo ee AMERICA, Chap. VII. fions at Reciffa. As foon as he had taken the Fort, he causd it to. be pull’d down to the Ground, becaufe it ftood in an inconvenient place, and immediately rais’d another, which was much better-to be defended, by reafon of the rifing Ground , but he could neither bring that Work, nor any other Defigh toany perfedion, be-. caufe of the treachery of his Soldiers, who being moft of them Roman+Catholicks, were foinclin’d to the Portugue/e Intereft, that they daily more and more deferred the Companies Service, and gave Intelligence to the Enemy of their Tranfadions. Amongft others, an Antwerper was apprehended for an Intelligencer, and being Hang’d ona Gibbet, fell three times one after another on his Feet,the Halter break. ing like a burnt Thred, which gave him fo many.times of re{pit and opportunity of fupplicating for Life; but his Crime was too hainous.to admit. of /Pardon, Mean while the fled Portugue/es being {upply’d with frefh Supplies. from all Places, e{pecially from St. Salvador, to the number of twelve hundred Men, they kill’d the Out-watches, confiftingof twenty Men: The next-Sentinel being warn’d by the noife, alarm’d the new Fort, which was fcarce finifh’d, becaufea mighty Shower of Capt. m- Rain had wafh’d away the Walls. Ezinderfon being wounded in the Leg,, fent Caps tagme over power’d by the Enemy, and flain, tain Montagne againft the Enemy, of whofe Power he was fenfible; yet. going to the place where the Watch that was kill’d had kept their Station, ‘he met with two hundred Portuguefes, divided into three Companies, and drawn out for Battel, who running away were purlu’d by Montagne, till coming up totheit Regiment, ‘which confifted in all of a thoufand Men, divided into five Companies, they fell on all fides upon Montagne, who fighting valiantly, was overpower'd and kill’d, withthree hundred of his Men, and almoft as many more taken Prifonets; amongft whom was the Minifter Aferte, four hundred onely efcaping into the Fort, where Hinderfon ftay’d expecting the event of Montagne’s Exploits. Ney | This Defeat {poil’d: Schuppe’s Defign, who by his marching to Rio Francifto . thought to draw the Enemy from Reciffa; but now being fore’d to think of fome other way, he thought it convenient to invade St. Salvador by Sea, as the Enemy had done Reciffaby Land. Wherefore Hinderfon receiv’d order to ftay with fix hun- - dred Men (being all that were left of fifteen hundred,) on Rio Grande, whither a Schappe's Vi- Gory on the Ifland Zape- vita. Barque with Provifions being fent, was taken, and the Men in cool Blood kill’d by the Portuguefe. : | wt At the fame time it was given out, that Schuppe was going with the Admiral Bankert to Himderfon’s affiftance ; and to delude the Portuguefe the more, Schuppe went with two thouland five hundred Mento Rio Francifco, where he| lay fome days at an Anchor ; upon which the Governor of St. Salvador fending feveral Com- panies thither, Schuppe Sail’d with all {peed to St. Salvador, and Landing on theIfland Taperica, four Leagues in circumference, he got a rich Booty, and fpar’d none whome’re he met with, infomuch that two thoufand were deffroy’d, fome by the Sword upon the place, others by their hafte to get over to St. Salvador , for moft of the Veffels being too full, funk wich them. Amongft the Prifoners that were taken and fent to Reciffa, weretwo Monks, who were defign’d the fame Entertainment as the Minifter Aftette {hould receive im St. Salvador ; whereupon they immediately wrote totheir Fraternity, to take carethat Affette fhould not be burnt alive, as the Portuguefe had threatned, becaufe they were to expeé the fame,ulage : whereupon _—-Aftette was fet at liberty, and had leave to walk up and downthe Streets of St. Sal- J ichthart’s Death, vador. Schuppe fortifi'd himfelf on Taperica, near an Inlet under the new Works, and together with Lichthart watch’d for all Portueuefe Veffels: But Lichthart dying here, was carry’d to Reciffa, and there bury’d. Onithe other fide, the Governor of St. Salvador fent fifteen hundred Men in the Night to the other. fide! of Tuperica, where ~ Chap. VII. AMERICA, 587 } —— : > —=, “ — ~ - ~< ts e - _ a * W-< - SO eee —~ where with all {peed they Intrench’d themfelves, and Sally’d daily out of their Works upon Schuppe, fo that many Men were loft on both fides ; but Schuppe was in the worft Condition, in regard his Soldiers ran over in great numbers to St. Salva- dor, where they were well Entertain’d; of which he advertis’d the Privy-Council i who were the lefs ableto give him Redrefs, as having the fame caufe of Com- plaint. | 4 | | Amongft others there hapned a fad Accident of a young Soldier, {Carce fixteer A pitiful Ex years old, and born at Roan, who having robb’d his Father’s Cafh, went ina Ship oo Goldie ~ to Holland; where he lavifhly {pending the Money, was forc’d at laftto Lift him. t=. felf in the We/t-India Companies Service, and coming with the fore-mention’d Fleet to Reciffa, endeavor'd with two Companies to run tothe Portuguefe ; but overtaken, was Try’d for the Fact, and Condemn’d ‘to be Hang’d, for none of his Excufes which he made, of going over the River onely to fetch fome Oranges and Lem- monsto refrefh himfelf, would fave him, nor his protefting that he had no intens tion of going to the Enemy, nor the Promife that his Father fhould releafe him for ten thoufand Crowns, nor his Minority, which ought chiefly to have been confi der’d,but that Neceffity ftopt the Ears of the Compaffionate ; fo that his Execution drew pity from thé Beholders a few Weeks after. A very aftonifhing Paflage hapned at Reciffa upon another Sentence of Death A notable, pronounc’d againft a Portuguefe, who after the publication of the A@ of Pardon Parag came to Reciffa, and there hir’d a Seaman for two hundred Crowns, to carry a Treafon. Letter, made up in a Leaden Box, to the Governor of the Promontory of St. Au+ guftine, with order that if he was fet upon any where, he fhould throw the Box in- to the Water, The Letter written in ftrange Characters, contain’d a Declaration of the {mall number of Men in Reciffa, moft of the Netherlanders Forces lying on the Ifland Taperica, fo that if Reciffa were Storm’d along the Bank, and from Maurices fade, it mighteafily be taken. This Letter being intercepted, the Portuguefe was taken and Condemn’d,and as he was carrying tothe Place of Execution cry’d aloud, You People take delight in my Death, but you fhall be interrupted ; and indeed it hapned acs 7 Hhh 2 cordingly, —— > ‘ey oF : ‘oe ; ‘é | 1 | - : 4 : { : ‘ 5 | : ‘ et t a . . yi | # i 2 ue | 7. : » by i“ ; ‘ : > rie » te ee a 2; &* : A i “ 7 =—- _ SS. 2 - - 7, - r, —— = a vee SS _—_ ———— = 7 4 . . $88 AMERICA. Chap.1 VI. cordingly: for when the Executioner began to f{corch the half-ftrangled Criminal with Straw, there {prungup a ftrange Spirit of Contention amongft the Speéta- tors, who began to juftle and ftrikeone another ; and foon after a Whirlwind rofe in the midft of the Market-place, which in a moment caus’d them all to ftagger like drunken People, their Hats and Caps were blown up into the Air, the whole multitude tumbling confufedly-on the Ground, the Arm’d Soldiers flying to the next Houfes, and the Executioner falling down in a Trance from the Scaffold: A full quarter of an hour this Confufion had lafted, when the People came to thems {elves again, and the Hangman return‘d to his Bufinefs, cutting off the Portuguefe’s Nofe, Ears, Privy-Members, and tearing out his Heart, which he threwtotwo Dogs, who deyour’d the fame ; then dividing the Body into Quarters, which were fet up at the four Corners of the City for an Example. ) The fame Punifhment receiv’d a Mulatto, who endeavor’d to fire two of the Eol- landers beft Ships in the Haven. ) : Notwithftanding thefe Punifhments, the Soldiers ran away daily , the blame whereof might juftly be laid on the Magiftrates, who took no notice of the Soldiers juft Complaints of their Officers, cheating them of a third part of their Pro- vilion, and inflicting feyere Punifhments upon them as Mutineers, when they had real caufe of Complaint. a ¥ _ Schuppe was at the fame time fhrewdly put to it for want of Men, whio either dy’d of the then reigning Difeafe, or ran away to the Enemy ; fo that he-was fore ced to leave the Ifland Tuperica, and inclofe himfelf within hisnew rais’d Sconce. Admiral The Admiral Bankert had better fuccefs ; for Cruifing up and down before the Bankert gains a great Vi- Inlet Todos los Santtos, after the taking and finking of feveral Ships as they came in the Pera his, way, he at lat fet upon che Portuguefe Fleet, confifting of feyen great:Ships, of guefe Fleet. : | 4 which one got to St. Salyador, ‘another was funk, and the other five wete taken, bes ing valu’d at twenty Tuns of Gold, or 2000001, Sterl. In this Engagement were kill’d above four hundred Portuguefes, befides two hundred and fifty who were ta- Ken Prifoners, and fent Shackled to Ryciffa. Amongft them was the new: Vices Roy of Brafile, the Admiral, Vice-Admiral, three Monks, and feveral other Per- fons of note. | Marfhal This Vistory began topive fome Breath to Reciffa, when at the fame time Mar- Hous arrives at Reif {hal lous atriv’d there with {even Ships;*Mann‘d with five hundred Soldiers. This Supply. § Fdous on the feventeenth of Augufi, Anno 1645. had been taken Prifoner at the Ens genho, having fought fo long cill all his Powder was {fpent, fo that he was forc’d to furrender himfelf upon promife of Quarter to Vidal,who after he had taken an Oath upon the Bible, to {patethe Lives of all the Hollanders and Brafilians, fell upon the Brafilans and flew them, being abundred in all, in Cold-blood, who yet fold their Lives at no eafie rate. Being carry’d Prifoner, together with Captain Briftow, Liftry, Wild/chut, Blar, and two hundred more, by Viera to Cafa de Prugar, he was thence fentto Portugal, where being releas’d, be brought News to the States of the mean Condition of the We/t-India Company, and that all things muft needs be loft, if they did not {peedily take the Bufinefs into Confideration : Whereupon he was fur- nifh’d with a Supply of Shipsand Men, with whichhe fet Sail for Brafile , where being arriv’d, moft part of the Soldiers he brought with him were Tranfported to Taperica, to-afift Schuppe ; who as foon as they came to him, march’d into the Coun- trey ; where being fet upon by a thoufand Portuguefes, he loft fixty Men. Soon after Hloogenftraet receiving Orders from the Governor of St: Salvador, who . was inform’d by fome Prifoners, that Schuppe had not above twelve hundred fight- ing Men, to fallupon him with three thoufand, made a furious Affault upon the . - Sconce Chap. VIL AME RAC Sconce in two places, and Storming the famé for two hours together, loft fout hundred Men, which made him draw off alittle before Day-break. | Inthe interim nine Privateers, fitted out by fevéral Merchants of Holland and Zealand, came to Cruife up and down before the Coaft of Brajile ; which, the States the rather allow’d of, becaufe the We/t-India Company was notable to fend any more Supplies thither : Nor was it long erethey took five: Portagne/e Prizes, and afterwards (joyning with Bankert) four more laden full of Sugar, inthe Haven: Tos dos los Sanétos, where they threw a hundred and twenty Portague/e; and fifty revolted Hbllanders overboard. - , Recifa being at that time reduc’d to very great traits; ‘earneftly inplor’d Aid from the States, but to little purpofe, by reafon of the Differences among{t them- felves, which hapned upon this occafion : The Spanifh King by his Agent in the Flagne made Overtures of Peace, and proffer'd to fall upon the Portugue/e in Brafile : to which Propofition, whenas the reft of the States {eem’d,inclinable, thofe of Zea- 589 land would no ways hearken, being refoly’dto have nothing to do with Spain. The the Council news of this Diffention exceedingly perplex’d the Council. at Reciffa, {pecially a Retiffa d over elfencers when to that news was added, that Bankert, the onely terror to the Enemy at Sea, torepretene 4 the fad condi- was Commanded home by the States of Zealand, which yet the General States ferictly sion of the _forbad. ‘Whereupon they thought fit to fend one of their Affembly to the Hague, to make the States acquainted with the miferable Condition of Brafile, and to Expo- ftulate with them for their infenfibilicy of their Condition, and to let them under- ftand, that ten thoufand Men would not reftore Brafile to its former Condition : Every one ftrove to be the Meffenger of thefe fad tydings, but efpecially their Pre- fident Schonenbergh wifh’d it might behis lot to leave the unhappy .Countrey, of Brafile; but becaufe his departure would not have been without great murmuring of the People, Haeks was fent in his ftead. Together with him went Hinderfon (who was if ‘no efteem fince the Deftrudion on Rio Grande;) they both Embarqu’d on Bankert’s Ship and five others, which in ftead of being laden with rich Commodi- ties, and ballafted with Sugar, as heretofore, were fraught with.difcontented Sea- men, decrepid and fick Soldiers, unferviceable Jews, poor Travellers, Portuguefe Prifoners, and onely ten Weeks Provifions; whereas all other Veflels at their Re- Place turn from @Brafile us'd to have Provifion for three Moneths, which at this time ‘could not be {par’d. ‘The Council alfo made Orders what Perfons fhould go with the fore-mention’d Ships, viz. None but thofe whofe Names were written in the Lifts which had ftuck fix Weeks at every Church Door, that by thatmeansno Cre- ditor might {uffer by his Debtors going away, nor any Criminal efcape his defer- ved punifhment. Bankert had fcarce been a Week at Sea, when he dy’d of the Palfie: he was a Man, who for his valiant Exploits was from a Fore-maft Man preferr’d to be Captain ; which Office he perform’d with great Prudence and Valor. ;, but that which firft made him moft eminently taken notice of,, was his Engaging with thirteen Dunkirkers, of which he funk three, and being boarded by three more, and fit’d at by the reft, he refus’d to furrrender his Ship on promife of Quarter, but plac’d his eldeft Son with a lighted Match in the Powder-room, commanding him on pain of Death to blow up the Ship with the three Dunkirkers as foon as he gave the Word ; which valorous Refolution fo amaz’d the Enemy, that they let him go. He alfo behav’d himfelf bravely in the Downs againft the Spanifh Admiral Oquendo. ' His two Sons that were prefent when he gaye up the Ghoft, would nor have his Bankert's Death and Character. ‘Body thrown overboard, notwithftanding it ftunk fo intolerably, that all the Pro- vifions in the Ship were tainted by it; therefore taking out his. Entrails, they Salted the Body, wrapt it up in four Sail-cloths,and nailing the fame up in a.pitchy Hhh 3 Cheft, 590 AMERICA, Chap. VII. Chek, bury’d it under the Ballaft. Mean while the Fleet approaching the | Flemmifh Ules, was furptis’d by a tertible Storm, in which the Vice-Admiral’s ‘old Ship fplit afunder, but moft of the People were fav'd. Between Calice and Dover - they met with eight Offenders, againft whom they madethemfelves ready to Fight ; but they, according to the King of Spain's Order, inftead of Hoftilicy fhew’d them Friendfhip. All their Provifions were {pent, when they happily Anchor’d. before Flufbing, where Bankert’s Body was Inters’d with great Solemnity. In the interim the United Netherlands had fitted out another Fleet to affift Reciffa, the We/t-India Company having firft demanded of the King of Portugal two hundred and eighty Tuns of Gold; to the value of which chey affirm’d themfelves to have - been damag’d by the Infurrection of the Portuguefe. On the other fide, the King of Portugal was in a quandary about the Bufinefs of Brafile ; for firfty he had no other thoughts but that Brajile would have fall’n into his hands within the {hace of three Moneths, béecaufe che Plot there was fo fubtilly laid; meicher did Ire-think the States would have conicern’d themfelves with the We/t-India Companies Bufinefs, which now it was manifeft they did. Befides this,chere was athird Inconvenience, viz. that Overeires of the Spanifh Crown endeavor’d to conclude a Peace with the United Netherlands ; the Form wherefore that he might put a ftop to the fending of the Fleet to Brafile,he dealt with by the ae- he French Atibaflador to make very advantageous Proffes in his behalf, viz: That he would furtender all the conquer’d Places, and make good allthe Damages that had been fuftain’d thereby. The Fleet appointed to go to Brafile was hereupon ftopt, till the States had Confulted aboutan An{wer on the fore-mention’d Propofitions; but when Aueks brought news of the falfhood of the Portuguefe, the Scale was im- mediately turn’d, infomuch that the Portuguefe Ambaflador went in danger of his Life, till the Mutineers were put into Cuftody. Moreover the Fleet. was order’d to Sail with allfpeed poffible to Reciffa, with promife that another Fleet fhould foon follow with fix thonfand Men, but the many difconfolate tydings that: had been brought of late, of the hardfhips and fufferings of thofe that went before, through the unwholfomnefs of the Climate, the want of Provifions, the Strength. and Cruelty of the Enemy, made the Seamen and Soldiers very unwilling to go fo fatala Voyage, infomuch that as many as could, made their efcape: yet at laft, on the laft day of December, Anno 1647. the Fleet fet Sail under the Command of Cornelifxoon de Wit ; fome Weeks before which Schuppe was forc’d to defert: the Iland Taperica, to goand aid Reciffa, which the Portuguefefrom a rais’d Battery.on the other fide of the River Biberibi {hot at fo inceflantly, that none were fafe either in their Houfes or in the Streets. | Mean while the Portuguefe Agent, Francifco de Soufa Continbo, proffer’d the States to go to Brafile himfelf, and caufe to be reftor’d all thofe Places which had been tas ken from the Weit-India Company, particularly the City St. Salvador and Tercera, bee fides Reparation for all other Damages. ; | Grove Man: At the fame time Grave Maurice was Treated with to go to Brafile again, but his g ~~ Demands were fo high, that it came to nothing; for he requir’d 4000 /, yearly to fpend at his Table, and 50001. befides during his Life ; alfo 2000 /. to fet him our, and twelve thoufand Men to Befiege St. Salvador, which was always guarded by four thoufand, and thirty Carvels lay ready before Lisbon to carry four thoufand more thither. — | : angle and Al things went very ill on the Hollanders fide at this prefent ; for befides that the eee: foreemention’d Fleet had not its with’d fuccefs, moft of the Men being deftroy’d by the immoderate Heat. of the Climate, Angola and Loando were alfo taken by the Portugue/e. Thele Chap. VII, “vA MERIC A. sor. Thete, Misfortunes made the W/t-India Company begin to be very forward to. come toa Treaty with the Portugue/e Agent, who before feem’d rather to court them, having offer’d to. Engage for the reftoration of whatever they poffefs’d at that time, when the ten years Peace was concluded ; but when they came to infift upon that Point, he anfwer’d, That he muft expect new Orders from Lisbon cons cerning: Leando, becaufe the taking of that Place caus’d an alteration in the ftate of Affairs. But the States no way fatisfi’d with Delays, that were like to prove both hurtful and difgraceful, refolv’d to put into’ Execution what they had before agreed upon, viz» The Eaft+India Company was impower'd to make Prize of all Portuguefe Ships towards the payment of the fifteen Tuns of Gold ordain’d for the WeftsIndia Company, to help them againft the Portuguefe Oppreffion. The Weft-India Com- pany alfo receiv'd Commiffions to Cruife for Portuguefe Velfels before Brafile. On the feventeenth of February, Anno 1649. three thoufand Soldiers that came Schappe suid] over in the fore-mention’d Fleet, befides two hundred Negro’s, and as many Sea- by, defeared men, marching to Befiege Gararapes under the Command of Schuppe and Coche were Beicgng fo.furioufly fet upon by the Sallying Enemy, that they were forc’d to break up the Siege in great diforder, whileft the Portuenc/e being in number two thoufand five hundred, fell upon the Rere ; and though the Dutch Officers us’d all the care they could poffible to bring their Men to face about, yet they were not able to keep them fromrunning away; in which flight great flaughter of them was made by the Portuguese Horfe, confifting of a hundred and thirty, Arm’d with Lances, info- much that inthe flight and the purfuit, a thoufand Netherlanders were flain, and nineteen Enfigns or Colours were left behind as Trophies for the Portuguefe; the chief of the Slain were Colonel Brink and Houteryve. The Zealanders were much concern’d at the im profperous Affairs of Brafile,in ree gard a fifth part of the We/t-India Companies Stock belong’d to Middleburg, Flufhing, and Veer, infomuch that the Complaints of Widows and Orphans that fhar’d inthe common lofs, mov’d the States to fit out fix great Ships, and as many Ketches, Mann’d with two thouland eight hundred Men, for Brafile, where all things ran to,ruine, the Grandees both of the Council,Army, and Fleet, being at variance, and impeaching one another. ‘The reft.of the Provinces, efpecially Friefland, being lefs inclin’d to the Weft-India Company, were fomewhat colder in the purfuit of this Bufinefs , neverthelefs, up- ona frefh Letter of Complaint from Walter Schonenbergh, Prefident of the Brafilian Council, they held a Confultation together, how to raife Moneys for the fitting out of twenty Ships and five Ketches for the Relief of Brajile. ~The Admiral De Wit returning home, was, upon the accufation of the Council in Brafile, and the General, Sigi/mond Schuppe, made Prifoner in the Hague , and tos gether with him the other five Captains that went with him were Committed by the Admiralty, for returning without the Confent of the Council ; but they were foon releas’d by the Magiftrates of Amfterdam, who upon the Admiralties refufing to deliver them, commanded their Provoft-Marfhal to break open their Prifon Doors. De Wit after his Releafement juftifi'd what he had done before a full AC iy we te fembly of the States, and alledg’d that it was according to the Orders he receiv’d Prifoa, jut when he undertook this Expedition. | tim, The Portuguefe Agent, Soufa Macede, obtaining Audience of the States, told them how ready the King his Mafter had beento come to a perfeét Agreement of Peace with them, but that their own Aéts of Hoftility had been the occafion of the breach of that Treaty of Peace that had been concluded on ; that the Robberies and Infos lencies committed by thofe Portuguefes under their Jurifdiction, was not any way ae : | ve authoris’d AMERICA. Chap. VI}. authoris’d or countenanc’d by him, laftly, he offer’d them free Trade to Brafile, eighty Tun of Gold to the Weft-India (ompany, 800000 lL, ‘to the Orphans and Wi. dows in Zealand, and payment of. all private Debts. But making no mention of -reftoring the Places in Brafile, he feem’d to mock the States; whoirefented it fo Schuppe, Haeks, and Schonenbergh, declare the , ‘Reafons of the lofs of Reciffiz, much, that they would admit of no farther Conference with him. Mean while the We/t-India Companies Bufinefs in Brafile went daily more and more to ruine, infomuch that in the Year 1654, they loft all their Forts and Places of Strength and Habitation, and amongft them Reciffa, the chief Refidence of the Council of Brafile, who returning home, brought nothing but a doleful Relation of their unfortunate Proceedings. . Schuppe, Haeks, and Schonenbergh, made each of them a long Oration, fetting forth the fad Condition of the Place, and the Miferies they had endur’d along time before they left it; alfo excufing their total quitting thereof to the Enemy by the great want of Provifions. and other Supplies, which they fo often had written for in yain,at leaft receiv'd fhort of what their’ Necefiities requir'd, and by the Clamours of the Soldiers, who were ready upon all occafions to Mutiny or Revolt, as appear’d by their crying out upon the difcovery of a Fleet of Portuguefe upon the Coaft, Bebold our Deliverers from the Netherlanders\Tyramiy . laftly, by the growing Power of their Enemies, whichthey could not have refifted, though they themfelves had been much ftronger than they were. 4 But the We/t- India Company fenfibly touch’d at the thoughts of their Loffes, were not fatish’d with the Relation of Schonenbergh, Hacks, and Schuppe, but requir’d'a Journal of every days TranfaGtions, or Teftimonies to confirm the truth of their Relation :_ They alfo demanded an Account of the Condition of the Store-houfes _ when Reciffa was furrendred, and fell upon.them, with feveral Interrogatories, viz. They are try’d at a Council of War. Their Pleas. Why the Fort 4fogados was forfaken 2. Why the Garrifons were not drawn in from the North to Reciffa ? Why they did not keep footing onthe Land, ‘and guard thofe Places they had left when Reciffa was loft? Why they made fuch ado for want of Provifions and Ammunition to difhearten the People 2? Why the Money proffer’d by feveral Citizens was not taken 2 Why they did not burn the’ Enemy’s Fleet, fince, according to the opinion of feveral,. it might eafily have been done ? How they could teftifie the Sedition of the Soldiers, fince none of their Comman- ders complain’d of it? Whether they us’d any Means to encourage the Befieged ? Who did,and whodid not confent to the Surrender? Whether nobetter Terms could have been made ? Infine,they prevail’d with the States to fecure Schonenbergh, Haeks, and Schuppe, in their Houfes, and on the ninth of September, Anno 1654. brought them before a Council of War in the Fagne, where the chief things objeéted againft them were, That the Portugue/e had gotten by the Conqueft of Reciffa, above two hundred Brals Guns, moft of them Demi-Culverins, and four hundred Iron Guns, valu’d together at ten hundred thoufand Rixdollars ; That the Store-houfes were {ufficiently ftock’d with Provifion and Ammunition; Thatthey took care to fe cure their own Goods, but left what belong’d to the Weft-India Company as a Prey to the Enemy. Mint es On Schuppe on his part allede’d, that-he could do nothing of himfelf, as being under the Command of the Brafilian Council. Haeks and Schonenbergh pleaded the want of Men, by reafon of the many that daily dropt from them, either by'Death of Defection, to the Enemy, and thofe that remain’d, unfafe to be trufted, as confift- ing of fo many different Nations. .alfo their being block’d up at the Sea by the Portuguefe Fleet, the great want ef Ammunition, efpecially Inftruments of Fortifie cation; laftly, the head-fttong Refolutions of the Soldiers, to deliverup the Place, whatever their Officers fhould determine to the contrary ; notwithftanding which, : ’ to 4 to fhew that it was not quitted upon difadvantageous terms, they produc’d the — Articles of Agreement upon which it was furrendred to Franci{co, Governor of viz, That he fhould lofe all the Sallary that was due to him from the Weft-India Cota of Company fince the twenty fixth of January 1654. when he Sign’d the Agreement 4 Salary. Thus the Portuguefe recover’d full and abfolute pofleffion of Brafile, yet notwith- out feat of an afterclap of War ; wherefore the Portuguefe Agent, upon condition of ction for the Damages which the Weft-India Company had fuftain’d in Brajile, eighty Tun of Gold, a free T'rade to Brafile, and payment of the Debts due to them there, was not in the power of the Portuguefe Crown. Onthe other-fide, the Spa niard. proffer’d to affift them in the total Conqueft of Brafile, and to reftore them which the Zealanders began to hearken, who being great Lofers by the Portuguefes Treachery, with’d for nothing more than Revenge ; but Holland having a great Britain proffer’d himfelf to be Mediator between the Portuguefe Crown and the United Netherlands ; and-accordingly on the fixth of Augufi, Anno 1661. a Peace was Chap. VI. = = - eA MERICA. is: Pernambuco. In conclufion, the Council of War pafs’d their Sentence on Schuppe, str con- War 10 Ll with Baretto for the delivering up of Reciffa. an abfolute Peace to be concluded, proffer’d the States General in the Hague, Satisfa- from feveral Portuguefes in Brafile ; but roldthem, chat to furrender them any Places thofe Places they formerly poffefs’d, as foon:as they had fubdu’d the Portuguese ; to Trade to Portugal, was more inclin’d to Peace: Whereupon His Majefty of great concluded with Portugal on bhele Terms : I. That Portugal was to pay to the Unired Netherlands eighty Tun of Gold, either in Arricles of ready Money, Sugar, Tobacco, or Salt, or deduct the fame out of the Cuftoms payable in the Sem Siriaas : | f and th Portugaele Harbors, fal an ae ) therlands, Il. That the Guns on Reciffa were to be reftor'd to the Welt-India Company. MII... That the Salt-Trade at St. Uves and other Places under the Portuguefle Jurifdiétion, whether in Africa or Brafile, fhould be granted tothe Netherlands, paying the Cuftoms as the Portuguefe do.them/felves, » | TV. That the conguer’d Places gotten on both fides, fhould remain in the hands of the pre- fent Poffeffors. _ | V. That the King of Portugal should not lay an Embargo on any Netherland Veffel, on any pretence Whatfoever, though they fhould carry all manner of Ammunition to bis Enemies, pro- vided it were not out of any of the Portuguefe Havens. > VI. That no Nechetlander fhould ever be call’d before any Fudge-about, any Difference in Religion, but fhould have freedom thereof granted him, either in his Efoufe or Ship, and alfo a convenient Burying-place, | | | 7 | VIL. That if any Difference fhould chance to arife between Portugal and the Netherlands, they fhould not extend it to prejudice the Trade, but every Merchant fhould be free to call in bis Debts, and fend Ships without hinderance. VILL. That this prefent Agreement fhould not be broken by any Mifdemeanors atted by any Subjeéis, either in the Eaft or WefteIndies, who were to be punifh'd by their lawful Judges. IX. ‘That the Havens belonging to both Parties were to be free for either Men of War or Merchant-Men. 2 | X. That the Netherlanders Trading in Portugal, might 20 Arm’d, take Houfes and Store-houfes. \- | XI... That the Goods laden in an Enemy’s Ship might be declar’d free Prize. XII. That the Portuguefe in Brafile fhould pay their Debts which they ow’d to the Wekt- India Company, or any other Perfon or Perfons , to which purpofe three appointed CommifSioners were to Sit at Lisbon, to hear and determine the (aufes that fhould be brought before them, and : | without 594 AMERICA. Chap.. VII. without the ufual Circumftances, pafs their Sentence, which was to be Executed by a higher Power. oe A few days after this Agreement was concluded, the Portuguefe Ambaflador, Henrico Soufa Tovares, went for Lisbon, where he arriv’d on the laft day of September. - Guvingen ‘ Not onely Guelderland and Zealand, were much diffatisfi’d with this Agreement, her . . > . : iierore but alfo Groningen accus'dtheir Deputy Schulenbergh, that contrary to Orders he had Mth Penee Deen too forward in concluding the Peace with Portugal, and that he had con- with Portu- gal, andco™ fented to. that which the States of Groningen had not permitted him ; for they re- ines folv’d to make Peaceon no other account, but thar Portugal fhould pay the eighty Tun of Goldin ready Money, and that in a fhort time ; whenas on the contrary, he had allow’d of the payment in Merchandile,. and that ina longtime. Where. fore the States of Groningen (who for this Fa& and feveral Accufations brought againft Schulenbergh, condemn’d him to be Beheaded, which Sentence had been Exe- cuted upon him; had he nor made his Efcape) together with thofe of Omeland, and others, who difapprov’d of the Peace concluded with Portugal, drew up many Rea fons why they diffented, and look’d upon it as both difhonorable and difadvanta- geous; however, the Articles being Sign’d, and the States General, taking into cons fideration how impoffible a Work it would have been to have gone about to ree new-a War with the Portuguefe in Brajile, being at that time in firm pofleffion of all, and that for the Intereft of a few, in refpeé of the whole Common: wealth, they were forc’d to reft fatisfi'd, and together with the Weft-India Company, to fit down with the lofs of thofe Places in Brafile, which had coft fo much Blood and Treafure to gain. ) : : | The wee Neverthelefs the We/t-India Company put in a Memorial at the Hague, of all that pases Mee had been done by them from time totime, wherein they themfelves had been ereat rer in Sufferers, and the Common-wealth very much advantag’d, as namely, That at firft a they put in a Stock of feventy four Tun of Gold, fent out divers Fleets under the Admirals Willekens, John Dirk{/zxoon Lam, Boudewyn; Elenvitk/xoon, Peter Hein, Adrian Pater, Henrick Lonk, Dirk Uitgee/t, Peter Ita, Loos, Cornelis Houte-been, Lichthart, Bankert, and others, at feveral times, which had much weakned the Spanifh Power, to the great advantage of the United Netherlands, becaufe the Spaniard was not onely forc’d to difperce his Power to defend America, but alfo loft great Riches on the Coaft thereof, which being the Sinews of his War, prevented him from oppreffing that State ; That totheir lofs they fuffer'd their Forces to ftop the Enemy, when he broke into the Veluwe, at that time when the United Netherlands feem’d to hang by a filken Thred ; That it would probably have been the ruine of Holland, if the mighty Spa- nifh Fleet which Engag’d with Martin Tromp in the Downs, had been affifted by fixty fix Sail, which La Torre was fore’d to fend to the Coaft of Brafile, againft the Weft India Company ; That this Companies Concern was fo great a Nurfery of Mari- ners inthe Year 1629. that they had above a hundred Ships at Sea,and fifteen thou- fand Men in their Service ; which the United Netherlands confidering, and judging that Charge too great for the Com pany to maintain, had refolWw’d to contribute a certain Sum towards it yearly, which had not yet been paid ; which made them take up Money upon Intereft, and put in a Supply of thirty Tun of Gold for the payment of the fame ; That the Expedition of Henrick Brewer to Chili had put them very much behind-hand, becaufe the Enemy having notice of it, fecur’d himfelf, yet was often terrifi’d with ic; for Brewer having found out a Way to go from Re- ciffa to the Province of (bili in two Moncths, and accordingly to do great mifchief to the Spanifb Power, whole Riches lay bare all along the South Sea, this and _ many Chap. Vif. AMER EC «A. 505 ‘many other things fore’d to make that honorable Peace with the Netherlands, con- cluded on in Munfler, Anno 1648; That their Loffes, computed and deliver’d in to the States General, amounted to fixty fix Tun of Gold, and forty three thou- fand two hundred and ninety Guilders, which forc’d them to take up Money to pay Intereft for what they had before, yet that they ftill kept fifty great Ships at Sea, and were refolv’d to profecute their Trade with frefh vigor, as foon as Satis- | faction fhould be given from the Portuguefe Crown, as was promis’d them in the ‘ ' Articles of Agreement, and they could obtain of their Lordfhips, to have their Patent prolong’d fora confiderable time ; That they were ftill indebted to thofe Orphans and Widows who furnifh’d them with Money to fet out their Forces, which in the firft twelye years did the Spaniard fo much hurt, that the Damage is reckon’d to amount to one thoufand one hundred and eighty Tun of Gold. Thefe things being taken into confideration by the States General, they granted the Company their Requeft, and gave them a new Patent, by virtue of which they now Trade to Africa and the (aribbee-Iflands, fince they were forc’d to quit all they had poffefs’d in Brafile. . SECT. ell The Fourney a Rodulphus: Baron, with the Defcription of the uftoms and Manners of the Tapuyans. © ~~~ Paes Baron, to make a.Dilcovery of the Countrey, upon the Encourage- | _,ment of Grave Maurice, who allow’d him to that purpofe a yearly Reve- “1 ue, undertook a semarkable Journey,,accompany'’d with three Tapuyans ; who going out of the Village \Caneri. without any ftore:of Provifions, left the Moun- tains (upaeva on the right-hand, and went feventy Leagues into the Countrey, without meeting with any People, onely he found one Mountain of Fofsile Glafs , from whence he went Southward tothe Villages of the Waripebares and Caripati, who - shaving courteoufly Entertain’d him, appointed certain Perfons to accompany him from one Village to another, with Orders co (Complement Grave Maurice, who fent them home with feveral Gifts, The Waripebares and Caripati inhabit fourteen Villages on the Mountains which Bound Brafile Weftward, live by Hunting and Fifhing, eat wild Honey and all manner of Fruit, and maintain continual Wats againfta mighty People which ins habit the Weftern Plains. As for the Tapayans, they range up and down between the Rivers Grande, Quoan- The Cuitoms gubo, Ocioro, Upameoma, and Voiroguo, without having any fetled Abodes ; they are a of the Zepa ftrong People, ftern of Countenance, and black Hair'd : In ftead of Circumcifing their Children, they cut them, which is done after this manner : The Priefts hand on a row, Dancingand Singing, whileft one of them {wings the Child round about his Head before all the Multitude, and then runs away with it ; at laft returning, fets it in his Lap, whileft another Prieft cutting a Hole in the Ears and Lips thereof, putsilittle Bones into the fame, and the Mother cries and howls after a terrible manner. At thefe Ceremonies, which end with Dancing and Singing, their King is always prefent. 7 i The Virgins are kept by their Parents till the Mothers perceive them to have their Monethly Courfes, which they immediatély reveal to the Priefts, who ac- quaint the King therewith, before whom the Maid, being Painted red, is brought ; whom having {moak’d with Tobacco, he throws an Arrow at a Garland, which . | fhe AMERICA, _ fhe wears on her Head, and if he chatices to hit it, he gives her his Be licking certain parts of her Body, from which fhe h their After-birth. Adultery is free for Men, but if Women be ta they are immedi- ately put to Death. i 4 i After they have done Soweing and Planting, the King calls all his People and Subjects together, and appearsto them hung round with Garlands ; and all of them have their Bodies Painted and ftuck full of divers colour’d Feathers. pee kind The Priefts when they go about to foretel future Events,either Sing or Pipe,and fication. at the {ame time hold up their Heads towardsthe Skie, and Mand gazing, as if they Jaw fome:ftrange Vifion in the Air ; on fome of their Backs hangs a Bundle of Oftriches Feathers ; fome throw Feathers in the Air, to fee which way the Wind blows. ‘When the Waters overflowing Brafile did mucli harm, Anno 1641. the Priefts being Confulted, ‘brought forth the King’s Calabafh, in which lay their fa cred Stones call’d Cobuterak and Tit{cheyouh, and began to Dance and Sing’; next fix » Priefts were plac’d ina row, which were to Prognofticate': whereupon the firft “taking up a/Stone, faid, ‘The Netherlanders have given Battel to thofe in St. Salva- dor, but are now about an Agreement : The fecond’ held up a Bloflom of Indian Wheat, and foretold that there would be plenty of that Grain’! The third holding a white Pebble-ftone, promis’d ftore of Milk = The fourth grafp’d a Stone like Bread, telling them that the Countrey fhould produce much Bread : The fifth holding up a Bowe and Arrow hung full of Feathers, cry'd aloud, This is a Gift of the Angels, Birds fhall flie thicker than thefe Feathers hang together’: “The fixth, having a lump of Wax, foretold that there would be plenty of Honey’ made by the Bees that year. They worfhip the Conftellation Urfa Minor. They Chap.. VII AMER IC az. 597 They obferve a very ftrange way of Purging, for witha Stick they thruft fharp Leaves down their Throats into their Stomach, which they turn fo long till they vomit Blood. In the Summer they haw 2 general Meeting for Wreftling, and other Exercifes, api which lafts three days. The Wreftlets are ftrangely attir’d’; for they are all over! their Bodies befet with divers forts of Feathers, and in head of Boots or Buskins, wearthe Barks of Trees about their Legs ; heii Hair befmear’d with Homey, ‘an | ty’d ina Tuft, hangsdown behind, on their Crowns they wear a Plume of #Fea- a thers, about ahickt Necks a Band or Goiget of Feathers; at their Arms they tie’the Wings of the Birds Kobitub, and on their Backs a green Bough ; their whole Bo- dies Painted with divers Colours, and their Hair all Red : Thus accoutred, they Engage one with another, andif chére bean old Grudge between them, then they Fight in earneft, and- alia kill one another : The Vi@or with Rraripe Actions upbraids the Vanquifh'd with Cowardile, and ever after enjoys his Wife and Children.- They eat the Serpent Manuab, being four Yards long, and-on the Tail having a Horn, which with a pufh it chriifte into Man or Beaft, as it lights, then winds it felf abaue the Body, and fucks till ic hath fuck’d the laft drop. of Blood. Here are alfo Serpents which are fo-poyfonous, that the leaft Wound receiv ‘d by them is mortal, unlefs the part bitten be either im mediately cut out, or off. The Priefts cut the deceafed Bodies into pieces, which are vealted by old Wo- men); the Bones are.taken out, and at the next publick ‘Feaft are ftamp’d, mix’d del Water, and Drank: But the Bodies of Noblemen are to be eaten by none but Perfons of that Rank. They alfo Crown their Kings after a. firange manner, viz. The Priefts, who are Ti mai béfet with:Feathers, anoint him with {weet-{melling Oyl, or Balfam, — == ————————_— Mi tee AM ti Ai —— ee yh Me —t - adhe 5 .“=, - - j = ng, ae 2 ee ew) ne ee ~< mis : - “1 ee ee me De = es PS ln, SP EN ee =a te _ Chap. VIil. AMERICA 607 ecient n LTT TTT TTT ETE CHAP. VIIL Guiana. Orthward of Brafile, over againft Maragnan, lieth the Countrey of Guiana, siwuation an’ not improbably fuppos’d to be {© call’d from the River Wia, one of the acne : principal Rivers of the Province, which yet is faid to have more and fairer than any other part of America befides : It is by fome call’d The wild Coaft, for what reafon is uncertain, it being found to be a very fruitful and pleafant Countrey : It is Bounded on the Eaft, with the Atlantick Ocean, or Mare del Nordt; on the Weft, with fome undifcover’d mountainous Countreys, which lie on that fide of the Andes; on the North it hath the great River Orenoque; and on the South, that of the Amazons, or Orellana ; which laft Name, as we have faid before, ic de- tives from Francifco Orellana, who is {aid to have fir difcover’d it in the Year 1 5436 It was anciently call’d Tobo, Topoi, and Tapera. This Countrey lieth on both fides of the Ai quater, extended ftom the fourth Degree of Southern Latitude, to the eighth Degree of Northern, yet enjoyeth a temperate and good Air,. not opprefled with any exceffive Feat; which is chiefly attributed to the Breezes, or Eafterly Winds, almoft perpetually about Noon blowing upon it. Towards the Seacfide it is for the moft part a flac and level Countrey, in the more Inland parts mountainous and {well’d with Hills, but in all it is generally of fuch a rich and fertile Soil, that for Fruits, or any outward Com- modities.of the Earth, it yields not to any other Province of the New World, but ras ther far excelleth the moft, having as it were a continual Summer, without Win. ter or Autumn, the Trees never uncloth’d or made bare, Fruits always ripe, or gtowing to maturity, the Meadows and Paftures always verdant and green, and, as we faid, fo excellently well water’d with Rivers, that no Countrey in the World feems comparable to it in this refpect. But fince the feveral Occurrences of Orellas nas Expedition will give much light to the more particular knowledge of thefe Parts, we thought good to infert this following Relation thereof, Srecr. IL, A R elation of the fourney of Francifco Orellana. | \Rancifc Orellana travelling with Gonfalvo Pizarro from Quito, to find out the Countrey Cundirumarca (where the Natives, according to the information of a ftrange American, went Arm’d with Golden Plates) he came after a great deal of hardfhip to the River Maranon, where Pizarro building a Brigantine, put all’ his fick and maimed Men into the fame, as alfo all his Baggage under the Com- mand of Orellana, whom he commanded to forage for fome Provifions, of which the Army, that was to follow along the Shore, had great want ; but Orellana was in few days driven down fo far, that he faw no hopes of getting up again in a years time, and Engag’d daily with the Indians, which came aboard of him ia little Boats. at laft he went afhore and conquer’d a Village, in which he found Provifions,fome Gold, and Gems of great value: not long after which he was in great danger, by Teafon of a River, which with great force fell into the Channel in which he =i AMERICZ. Chap. VIII. and for the {pace of two hundred Leagues faw neither Man nor Houfe : Next Land. ing ata Village, he was by the Governor thereof Prefented with Turtles, Par- tridges, Fifh, and other Provifions, and alfo forewarn’d of the valiant Women, the Amaxones, Which they, call’d Camapuyara.. Going from hence, he met for eighty Leagues together, nothing but fteep and craggy Mountains on each fide of the Shore, infomuch that he could not Land any where for Provifions. Next coming to the inhabited Province Machiparo, he was fiercely affaulted for two days and two nights, by the Cafique Aomagua, who purfu’d him with feveral Boats: Not long after having conquer'd a Village, out of which ran {everal trodden Paths into the Countrey, he came toa River, in the Mouth whereof there lying three Ifles, he gave it the Denomination of La Trinidad, which wafheth a fruitful Coaft, along which Sail'd divers fmall Veffels. Somewhat farther in che River Trinidad ftood a Village and Banquetting-houfe, where Orellanatook abundance of Provifions, Sil ver, Gold, and Earthen Ware curioufly Glaz’dand Painted, but judg’d it very ha- zardous to travel far into the Countrey by the common High-ways,in regard of the multitudes of People that frequented them, to whofe Civility he durft not truft; therefore Sailing from hence a hundred Leagues farther, he came to the Countrey belonging to the Lord of Paguana, who civilly Entertain’d. him, and Prefented him with Sheep, not unlike the Peruvians, and all manner of good Fruit, which the Countrey affords in great abundance. After this.on his.Lar-board fide he difco- ver da River, whofe being black like Ink, and difemboguing into another, difco- lour’d the Water thereof for the {pace of twenty Leagues; he alfo faw feveral Vil- lages, and at laft found the Stream to be fo broad, that he could not fee from one Shore to the other: he took one.of the Villages without any refiftance, there being none but Women in the Huts, whither the Men came towards the Evening. “Near another Village he e{py’d feven Heads ticking upon Poles, from whence the Pro- vince receiv'd the Denomination De las Picotas, from. whence ran feveral pav'd Ways, oneach fide planted with Trees, into the Countrey; where Landing, he furnifh’d himfelf with Maiz, Turtles, Geefe, and Parrots;-and at Can Mland took an American Prifoner, who inform’d him, that he was in the Amazones Jurifdiation, and that up in the Countrey liv’d a People not unlike the Spaniards, amongft whom were two white Women, brought thither up the River by a Lord. Going farther he {aw divers Villages on each fide of him, and at laft Landing in a little Town, he found plenty of Oats, Liquor made of Oats, Cotton, Linnen, 2 Temple hung | round about with Arms, and two Epifcopal Miters of divers colours.’ Near a Pro- montory jutting out into the River, the Tide went fo ftrong, that he was not able to Land ; upon the Point ftood feyeral fair Buildings, where were, alfo white Women, of a big ftature, with long Hair, who animated the Men to fight. - This Countrey, which extends it felf a hundred and fifty Leaguesalong the Shore, with Hills, Pafture-Grounds, and Champain, and well inhabited, being difcover’d on St. John’s Day, was call’d The Province DeSan Fuan ; which leaving, he came to feve- zal Ifles, the biggeft whereof extended fifty Leagues in length, all of them ftand- ing on high Ground, pleafant, and full of People, who-in Boats, by them call’d Periagues, valiantly Engag’d with the Spaniards ; but one of them not long) aftet bes ing taken Prifoner, inform’d them, that the Amazones dwelt in Stone Houles, Wall’d Towns, had plenty of Silver and Gold, and four ftately Temples enrich’d with Plates, Dedicated to the Sun. But Orellana Sailing'a hundred Leagues farther,along a Coaft belonging to the Lord of Caripuna, according to the Prifoners Relation, the: Inhabitants hereabouts fhot abundance of poyfon’d. Arrows. at the Spaniards, but’ they made a fhift to efcape them, and Sailing within fight of ‘Land into the Bay: ; ne 7 ‘- of 609 they fae! vOIMs The Expedi~ tion of Orel- e€ ob- poe eneriff ltwo >Verd rafile, ck of Ships wo he ly be- vhich ‘re he ochor three i time is beft {pent : the | (ons ithere weak Spani- rellana 7 He dies with Grief, Scribe th dif colour 1 Har- with a Lg a 4 7 OF i _ Z SS sega ae all the o ‘ eo eaey << | © os = SS call’d yk ,epara- ye Fore {pehous, feyeral = = ren = ——— 3 sos = ae =} Leonard Sir Walter b : Raleigh fends rovince Fifher to dif- ery Cie Pale aoa untain ““ d with fe the B. Domus fabrihs . 0 Dia soniifts ith the fame = ~~ raw - ‘ Chap. VIII. ° AMERICA. | of Paria, they came'toan Anchor before the Ifland (ubugua, Anno 1541. after they had been eight hundred Leagues. Orellana informing the Spanifh Court of his Adventures, defir’d the chief Come tn. expedi- 609 mand of the Province of the Amazones, which after earneft Sollicitations he ob- 723.” es lant, *, tain’d, and accordingly fetting Sail from St. Lucar, he went to the Mland. Teneriff with three Ships and five hundred Men, where he ftay’d three Moneths, and two on Cape de Verd, On Teneriff feveral of his Men ran from him, and on Cape de Verd he bury’d ninety eight, and left fifty fick behind him; yet he Steer’d to Brajile, where, meeting with contrary Winds, he had undoubtedly perifh’d for lack of Water, if the great Showers of Rain had not fupply’d his Wants, one of his Ships carrying feventy Men and eleven Horfes,was never heard of, with the other two he Sail’d by Baxos de San Roque, and from thencea hundred Leagues Northwardly be- yond Maragnan, where a great way off at Sea they found frefh Water, in which Oréllano Steering, got between the Ifles into the River De las Amazones, where he Barter’d for Provifions, Sail’d two Leagues up the River, and came to an Anchor before a few Huts, but flenderly for’d with Provifions, where he {pent three Moneths in breaking up one of his Ships, and building a Ketch. In the mean time fifty (even of his Seamen dy’d. Sailing twenty Leagues farther, he loft his beft Ship; whereupon he gave order to build a Barque of the Wreck. Thus he {pent thirty days in vain to find the fore mention’d Arm of the River Amazones: the Barque being finifh’d in ten’ Weeks, and going beyond the Ifles Maribique and (or- tan, found the three great Rivers to difembogue into the River Amazones, which there was twelve Leagues broad , but wanting Provifions, and the Men being too weak to go farther, they came back to the fruitful Ifland Comao, where a hundred Spani- ards fetled themfelves, the reft going down with the Barque to find out Orellana, He dies with who, ashis Wife inform’d them, dy’d with Grief. Grief. The Englifhand Netherlanders, who Sail’d hither afterthe Spaniards left off, afcribe a Breadth of fifty or fixty Leagues to the Mouth of the Amazone River, which dif- charges its Water with fuch force into the Northern Ocean, that it keeps its colour and tafte above thirty Leagues, according to the ocular teftimony of Captain Har- court. The Weftern Point, by the Netherlanders call’d The North Cape, runs with a long Slip of low Land into the Sea, into which more North-Welterly fall the Streams’ Taponnowyny, Arowary, Arykary, (affepouri, and Wiapoca ; fome of them wafh great Wildernelles fulkof Trees , others glide between pleafant Meadows. Eighty "Leagues up the Amazone River the Viujingers have built a Fort call’d Naffaw, on the narrow Ifland Cogemines, which is twenty Leagues long, and fepara- ted from the Shore by a Creek, and feven Leagues farther, on another Ifle, the Fort Orange’; from which two Forts they Trade with the Natives, Arowaccas and Apehous, bartering European Tritles for Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar, Gums, and feveral Tinc&tures, ' Sir Walter Raleigh, Anno 1595. fending Captain Fifher from Wiapoco to Leonard Ragapo, fome years before Baptiz’d in England, and then Governor of the Province Coofhebery, lying between the Amazone River and Wapoco, he receiv’d Fifher very cie villy, and conduéed him fifty Leagues up into the Countrey, to the Mountain (owob, on whofe top isa deep Pool, full of well tafted Fifh, and furrounded with the glittering Stones Topaz ; which Raleigh took the more notice of, becaufe the. ‘fame Ground in the Eaft-Indies where thefe Stones are found, inclofes allo Dias monds. Moreover, the Province Coofhebery rifes with pleafant Hills, but confifts moft in delightful Fields and Woods. The River Arocawo, fallinginto the Inlet Wiapoco, difemmbogues alfo with the . 7 Kkk fame Sir Walter Raleigh fends Fifber to difs cover Cooflz - bery Pro- vince, Eko AMERICA. Chap. VIII. fame between the Capes Orange and Comariboo, into the Northern Ocean. Moft of the Rivers in Guiana lie full of Ifles, and cannot be Navigated far, by reafon of the great Water-falls. | : The Tayos, The Y2yos, who inhabit on the Banks of the fore-mention’d River, are People of a good Difpofition, and go naked: they catch Fifh after a ftrange manner, for they onely throw the ftrong fmelling Wood Ayaw in the Water, which works fo upon the Fifh, that they fuffer themfelves to be caught with the Hand. The wells known American Root (affavi ferves them for Bread, being bak’d in round Cakes on hot Stones: of the Cakes they alfo makethe Liquor Perrinoe, which taftes al- moft like flale Beer, and is prepar'd by old Women and little Children, which chew the Caffavi, and {pit the fame into a Pot full of Water, which having ftood a while, they ftrain the fame through a Cloth, and fet it a working with Potato- Roots. | They. are troubled with no Vermine, not fo much as the little Fleas Niquas, by the Spaniards call’d Chigos, which creep in between the Nails. On the Sea-Coaft are many Tortoifes, whofe Fleth is of a delicious tafte, but heavy to digeft. at Sheep and Oxen will not thrive here, but Swine would thrive exceedingly, if their Dugs were not bit offin che Night bythe Bats. The River Wiapoco hath many dangerous Water-falls, the one much higher than the other ; alittle way beyond the firft of them the Stream Army falls into Wiapocos Te aarafe. ~ “Three days Journey Wefterly dwell the Marafhewaccas, whofe Ears hang down ' on their Shoulders, they worfhip for their Deity, an Image reprefenting a Man, who fitting flat on the Ground, with his Legs ftretch’d out, leans with his Elbows on his Knees, and holding up his Hands, gapes and ftares up towards Heaven. North-Weft from Wiapoco rifes the Mountain Gomeribo, which produces Maiz,’ Tobacco, Cotton-Trees, and Vines, at) | In the fame place the Creek Wainary runs Weftwardly with frefh Water a days Journey into the Countrey; and from the faid Creek a high Mountain, fic for the produétion of Sugar and Tobacco, extends it felf tothe River Apurwaca, where the Wiopocaries inhabit a great Tra& of Land. . an North- Weft from Wiapoco flows the River Aperwacque, whofe mountainous Shores bear Brafile Wood and wild Cinamon. The Stream it felf takes its original out of a large Lake, in the middle whereof lies a three-corner’d Ifle.. South-Eaft from the Lake dwell the Harrithiabans, beyond whofe Countrey are the Rivers Cauwo, Wia,and Cajani. On the Banks of the firft dwelt, Anno 1596. according to the Relation of Laurence Keymis, a People call’d Jaos, driven by the Spaniards from Moruga, and who formerly poflefs’d the. oreateft part of Guiana ; they diftinguifh themfelves from other People, by pricking their Faces full of Holes with the Tooth of a Beaft nor untike a Rat: But at prefent, the jaos being departed from hence, the Countrey lies defolate. nA .@ _ The Wia, which f{prings a great way up in the Countrey, hath a wide Mouth, and near feveral [flands convenient Harbors: The biggeft of theIfles, inhabited by the Shebaios, is full of Provifions, viz. Fowl, Fifth, excellent Fruit, wild Hogs, and other Beats. pe, | The triangular Iles, lying more Wefterly, are alfo very fruitful, but not com parable to Gowatery. So far as the Coaft extends it felf with high Mountains, it is overgrown with Brafile Wood, but the lower Grounds produce Cotton, Pepper, Silk, Balfam, and the Root Wiapaffa,tafting like Ginger, and exceeding good againft. a Lask, or the Headeache. Before Chap. VIII. AMER IC 4. 611 Before the Mouth of Cajani appears the high Ifland Mattoory, furrounded by the leffer Ifles Sannawony, Epenefari, and Eponeregemere. Between the Rivers Cajani and Maccaria, lies the low Ifland Muccumbro, out of whofe Center rife two Mountains, and which is inhabited, as the Main Coaft by Caribbeeans, whofe General Arrawicary fhew’d great friendfhip to the Netherlanders : They obferve no cettain Laws for Government; Adultery and Murder they punifh with Death ; they are very tyrannical towards their Wives, who for the leaft aé& of incivility have theit Brains beat out ; they efteem one another according to the number of their Wives, the eldeft of which performs all Houfhold-Offices. The Caribbeeans are accounted to have been the firft Inhabitants of this Couns cerisieeans . trey, for the Jaos, Sappaios, Arowaccas, and Paragotos, were driven hither by the Spas wor niards from Trinidad or Oronoque. oe The wild Caribbecans live farther up into the Countrey, and often fall with great rage upon the other; but fince the Netherlanders have furnifh’d them with Arms, | they have not been fo much molefted by them. Beyond Macavia lies the River Caurora, which is very narrow and deep; and next River! in order the Rivers Manamonary, Sinamary, Cunanama, Furaca, Mawary, Amana, and Ma- rawyny, full of Ifles, and four Leagues broad at the Mouth ; along the Shore grow little Trees, whofe Leaves wither as foon as touch’d by Mankind, but revives again within halfan hour. i sat Next follow the Rivers Sorrenam, Sorrenamme, Copanama, Marateca, and Curetiny, where the Netherlanders, by virtue of a Patent granted by the States General, drove a Trade for feveral years, Somewhat farther the Berbice, Apari, Maycawini, Mabeyca, Mirara and Effekebe, dif- charge their Waters into the Ocean, twenty days Journey from their Spring-Head, where a great Lake (by the Jaos call’d The Roponowini, and by the Caribbeeans, Parime) Spreads it felfa great way; and on its Northern Shore hath the Town Manoa, Along the River Effebeke isan excellent fort of Wood, the Dye call’d Orellano, and abundance of Caffavi : Inthe Mouth of the River alfo lies the Ifle Ottoma. Laftly, between Effebeke and the great River Orinoque, glide the lefler Streams Iwapoi, Pauroma, Gayni, Moruga, Ammacoura, and Parima, before which lie feveral namelefs Ifles. | | I (Chriftopber Columbus, in his third Voyage to the Weft-Indies, difcover'd the great The Dito } Ifland Trinidad, where before the Mouth of the Bay Vallena he was in great danger, ins as alfo the Ship Commanded by Alon/o de Ojeda, by reafon of the Waves, with which the great River Yuyapar, other wife call’d Orinogue, coming out of the High-lands of Paria, falls into the Sea, which made him call the faid Mouth Bocca del Drago; fo that Columbus, Anno 1599- difcover’d the Main Coaft of America to the Northward of Guiana, as far as the Promontory DelaVela, before Americus Vefputins ; whither Diego de Ordas Steer’d with three Ships, Mann’d with four hundred Ca/tilians, in the ee RS Year 1231. and before Guiana took four (aribbeeans Prifoners ina (anoo, and finding Priition. .. an Emerauld about them as big as a Man’s Hand, they inform’d him, that up the River was 2 Rock all of fuch Stones, and a Mountain on which grew high Trees, yielding ftore of Myrth ; but the ftrong contrary Tides and Water-falls prevented Ordas from going thither ; and being troubled at the lofs of one of his Ships, he ran along the Shore to Paria, and took the Fort which Antonio Sedenno, Governor of Trinidad, had caft up there, and left the Command thereof to fuan Gonfalvex, Ordas pretending that Sedenno had built it contrary to the Emperor’s Order, and thae he had made Slaves of the Natives. Martin Jannex Tafur ftay’d in the conques’d Fort accorditg to Ordas his appointment, who went up the River Orinoque not ta | Kkk 2 without a i _ AMERICA Chap. VIII. without great hardfhip; for his Provifions were not onely fhort, but he was tor- mented in the Day by the Mufchitoes, and in the Night by the Bats; at laft coming to a Village Commanded by Viapars, he was kindly Entertain’d, which made Ordas contrary to the will of his Men, who would willingly have: gone farther into the Countrey, ftay there all the Winter; but as foon as the rainy Moneths were over, Ordas went farther up che River, Orinoque; where his Ship was ftav’d againft a fandy Shelf, which fore’d him: with two hundred Foot and forty Horfe, to travel along the Shore, where he was much {canted of Provifions, and for forty days ropether met none but a few poor wild Fifhermen, ‘and at laft ftopt at an unknown River, which fell, into the Orinoque. The Guianian Guide. which Viapari had given Ordas, advis’d him.to go along the Shore of the new Rivers becaufe it would lead them to a well Cloth’d and rich People: But Ordas went.along by the River Oronoque till he came where the Water falling from the Mountains makes ic fo terrible rough, that Ordas his Veflels, which were Toed along, were not able to be got’any farther, fo that after two hundred Leagues advance, he was neceflitated; by reafon of the fore-mention’d Water>falls, to go aboard and Sail down the Stream: His'Men be. ing weary d with. fo troublefom a Journey, forfook him onthe Ifland Cubagua, which made him return oyer Hii/paniolato Spain, where not long after he dy’d with Grief. : E A? \ ithe, Spell This unfuccefsful Expedition of Ordas no way daunted Hieronimo Ortall from pro- rimouat, fecuting the fame Defign, for fetting Sail from St. Lucas, Anno 1533. to the Fort which Ordas had taken from Juan Gon/alves, he Steer’d from thence over to (ubagua, to fetch fome Men, and fent the Lieutenant Alonfo Herrera with five Ketches, carry- ing two hundred Men, the fame way which Ordas. had been. ° Herrera coming to the fore-mention’d Water-falls: where Ordas recurn’d, caus'd his Veffels to be unladen; then Toed them by meer force over’the Waterefalls, where he difcover’d plain Fields without any Inhabitants, extending themfelves to the Mouth of the River Meta, where he quitted his Veffels, and with no {mall trouble got over Méraffes and Pools.to the fruitful Countrey of the Xaguas, a People both cruel-and valiant . whom after a fharp Conflict vanquifhing, he became Mafter of their Village, in- which he found plenty of Provifions, as alfo in,another neighboring Town, where his tir’d, and almoft ftarv’d Army began to take Breath, being exceedingly re- frefh’d with the delicious Meat of a fore of wild Dogs, which were here in' great abundance. Having {pent the Winter Seafon here, they were often fet upon by the Caribbeeans, by whole poyfon’d Atrows. feveral of them being fhot, dy’d Di- ftracted, and amongft the reft Herrera himfelf ; after-which his Succeffor Alvaro Ore das return’d tothe Veflels, which were left.at the Mouth of the River Meta, from whence he Sail’d back without any other fuccefs, the Defign being to find out the Golden City Manoa, on the Banks:of the great Lake Parime. ails ) be eee oot longiafter Peter Hermandex de. Serpa undertook the fame Work with three au and o- hundred Spantards, feveral Brafilians and Negro’s'; but’ before he could reach the Ri- ; ver Orinogue, he was deftroy’d by the falvage People Wikiri, eighteen of his Men ~ onely efcaping to bring the news of this fad Difafter. HE 2 7 _ Peter de Orfua following the footfteps of Gonfalvo Pizarro, went to feek for Gold in Guiana, but being kill’d by Lopes Agira near the Amazone River, that Expedition alfo prov’d fruitlefs. | Zi | iio oftis With the fame defire of finding Gold in:Guiana; Antonio Berreo went from New ro Sir Water Ovandda thither ; but being taken by Sir Walter Raleigh, was interrupted in his Defign; Aawt! however, he gave him an Account of his Adventures, fo far ashe had gone, viz, That he went to find out a Way along the River Caffanor, between New Granada and Chap. VIII. AMER IC AZ. and New Guiana, went from Caffanor to the Stream Meta, and from thence to Ori noque, where he was in great danger, ‘by reafon of fharp Rocks, over which the Stream flowing, wafhes feveral Ifles; That he {pent a whole year before he came tothe utimoft Borders of Amapaia ; near which he loft feveral of his Barques,and on the Shore, not onely divers Horfes, but alfo many of his Men, who either dy’d of hardfhip, or were kill’d by the Natives with poyfonous Arrows, fo that fixty of his Men were kill’d in the Countrey of Amapaia, which extends along the River Orinoqne, befides a great many that dy’d there by drinking the Water, which was full of poyfonons Animals, and glided over a flimy and muddy Ground, which made it thick and troubled : Six Moneths he ftay’d in the Countrey Amapaia, where he made, Peace with the Inhabitants of Anebas, who gave him ten curious Images of maffie Gold. The River Orinoque is about four’ Leagues broad here, and about -feven hundred Miles long, before it fall into the Ocean, and is every where en- rich’d with the Waters of many Rivers which fall into it from the North and South: He added moreover, that he endeavor’d to go down Southerly to Guiana, but was prevented by fteep Mountains, and therefore went on Eafterly till he came tothe Countrey Emeria, where he found a courteous People, and plenty of Provifions ; that the Governor of (aripana, being about a hundred years of age, had a long time Convers’d with the Chriftianson the Iflands Trinidad and Margareta, ' and learn’d a Form of Civil Government ; that Sailing down the River Orinogue between many Ifles lying at the Mouth of the River to Trinidad, and from thence to Margareta, he took fixty Men into his Service; but that he himfelf, being tir’d ’ with fo great a Journey, and ftaying to refrefh himfelf at Trinidad, fell into the hands of another Party of the Englifh ; that before he was taken he fent feveral of his Men to Caripana, to find the King of Morequito, who three years before had been with abundance of Gold at Cumana and Margareta, and inform’d a Spaniard call’d Vides fo much concerning the Golden Countrey Guiana, that he obtain’d a Patent at the Spanifh Court to difcover Guiana ; but that Vides, jealous that he might be there before him, had nox onely incens’d Moreguito againft him, but fo inftruéted him, that he fuffer’d his Men to pafs through the Countrey to fetch Gold from the City Manoa, and as they return’d, fet upon them and flew them on the Borders of .Aros maia, together with a Monk that was in their Company, one Man onely efcaping ; by whom being inform’d of the Murder, he immediately fent divers Soldiers to take Revenge of Morequito, who flying to the Governor Vides, was neverthelefs, up- on his demanding him in the King’s Name, deliver’d to him ; and notwithftand- ing he proffer’d a great Sum of Money for his Ranfom, was cruelly put to Death ; but not fatisfi’d with that Revenge, he oversrun all the Countrey of Aromaia, took Morequito’s Uncle, call’d Topiawari, Prifoner, who bought his Life for a hundred Plates of Gold, and fome Precious Stones; That Lifting many Men in Spain for the Gold which-he {ent thither, he Row’d with Barquesup the Rivers Barema, Pat- troma, and Deffequebe, where he barter’d Trifles for Men, Women, and Children, of whom he made great Sums of Money on the Ifland Margareta. This Information which Sir Walter Raleigh got from his Prifoner Berreo, made him defirous to make an Expedition to Guiana ; to which purpofe he fent Captain George Gifford with a Ketch and a Barque to the River Capuri, where the Water fell before the Veffels could get beyond the Sands in the Mouth of the River. G12 John Donglas had better fuccels, being likewife fent out by Sir Walter Raleigh, for | he with his Boats found that Orinoque had nine Armsto the North Sea, and feven to the South, which embrace divers Ifles, of which thofe onthe right fide are call'd Pallamos, and thofe on the left, For otomaca, The Mouth of the River gapes a hun- ; i | Kkk 3 dred i t ' | a ne AMER 104. Chap., VII. dred Leagues. On the fore-mention’d Ifles dwell the Titirirds; a modeft People, who {peak a bald Language ; inthe Summer they live underthe open Skie upon the bare Earth, and in the Winter (being there between May and September) on the tops of the Trees, becaufe during thattime the River Orinoque rifing thirty Foot higher, overflows all the Iflesthereabouts, which are very high and mountainous. But Raleigh himfelf Rowing up the River Amana, endui’d great hardfhip, his Men being mott of them {weltred with the Heat, and great want of Provifions ; and had not their Indian Pilot fhew’d them another Stream much ’eafier to Navigate, he would have been fore’d to return fuccefslefs ; but being ftor’d with Provifion out of a Village built along the Shore, he chafed fourCanoos, of which he took one, and alfo an Avwaccas, which in fifteen days time brought.him into the River Orinoque, where he fawthe high Mountains of Guiana . afterwards Anchoring before a fair fandy Bank, which Jay near the Mouth of three Rivers; he took abundance of ‘Tortoifes, and was furnifh’d with plenty of all forts of Provifions, fenthim from the Governor Toparimaca, who inhabited the pleafant Village Arowocay, built on a little Hill, furrounded with delightful Gardens, and Fields till’d by the Negro’s ; who accommodating Raleigh with an experienc’d Pilot, he fet. Sail with a frefh Eafterly Wind, and Weftward faw the Iles Affapana, twenty five Leagues long, and fix broad, and Jwana, of the fame bignefs. The River Orinoque hath here thirty Leagues in breadth, and receives the Rivers Arrawopana and Europa: He Sail’d next by the Ifles Ocaywita and Putayma, oppofite to which on the Main Land appears the Mountain Oecope, whofe top reacheth the Clouds; on the right fide a Plain Coun. trey difcover‘d it felf a vaft way, which the Pilot faid was call’d The Plain of Sayma} extending Northerly a hundred and twenty Leagues to Cumana and Caracas, inhae bited by four forts of People, viz, the Saymas, Affaways, Wikeries, and Aroras ; which laft, being a Coal-black People, us’d poyfon’d Arrows. Raleigh: pafling between the two Mountains Aroami and dio, came to an Anchor near the Ifland Murfcolima, and from thence into the Haven Morequito, where the King Topiawari, a hundred and ten years of age,brought all forts of Fruit,Poultrey,Fifh and Flefh,and gave him an Account of the Condition of Guiana, viz. That the whole Countrey fromthe Moun- — tains Waccarima to Emeria,bore the Name of Guiana,the Inhabitants calling themfelves _ Orinoque Poni ; on the other fide of the faid Mountains lies the {pacious ‘Valley Amariocapana, where the Guianiatas vefide. Southerly the Oreiones and Epuremei, who coming out of a ftrange Countrey, have deftroy’d the ancient Inhabitants, lea- ving onely the Awaaawaqueri and Ca/sipagoios. “The Epuremei built the ftately City Ma- | carewarai there. But Raleigh going on his Journey faw the Mland Caiama, and canie to the Mouth of the River Caroli, whofe ftrong Current he was not able'to ftem, wherefore he defir’d Aid from Wanuretona, Governor of Canuria, who furnith’d him with Provifions, and Mento Toehim up the fore-mention’d Stream ; and inform’d . him that the River Caroli, which {prung out of the Lake CafSipa, was inhabited on one fide by the Iwarawakeri, and the Lake Cafsipa by three powerful People, viz. ‘the CafSapagotos, Eparagotos and Arawogotos, all mortal Enemies to the Spaniards ; where- upon Kaleigh fent fome of his Men thither, who return’d with great hopes of find- ing rich Gold-Mines,. The fore-mention’d Lake alfo produces the Rivers Aroi, Atoica, and Caora, near which dwell the Ewaipanoma, who have neither Necks nor Chins, but their Mouthes juft upon their Shoulders. Towards the North’ the Riz’ ver Cari falls into the Orinoque, and on the Weft the Stream Limo; between both which the Cannibals refide, whofe Metropolis call’d Acamacari is very famous for their ftrange way of Trading ; for there the Women are brought to Market, and bought by the Arwaccas :- But becaufe great Showers of Rain fell daily, andthe - Stream Chap, VIII. AMERICA. Scream Caroli glided downwards with extraordinary force, Raleigh return’d to Mores quito; from whence Putima, King of Warapana, conduéed him toa rich Golden Mountain in his Countrey, and along the Rivers Mana, Oiana, and Cumaca, to the place where the,Orinoque divides it felf into three excellent Streams, the chiefeft whereof, call’d Cararoopana, wathes thé Province Emeria, out of whofe Mountains the Rivers Waracayari, Coirama, Akaniri, and Iparoma, glide to the Northern Ocean , as alfo the Araturi, Amacura, Barima, Wana, Morooca, Paroma, and Wyni, all Branches of the River Orinoque : from whence Raleigh return’d home to England. Not long after he fent Laurence Keymes and ‘Thomas Mafham back to Guiana : Keymes found out all the Rivers between the Amazones and the Orinoque, and Mafham the Stream Wiapoco ; from whence both return’d without any farther fuccefs. After this the Bufinefs lay ftill for a while, in regard Sir Walter Raleigh being (to. S* gether with Grey, Cobham, and the Romifh Priefts, Watfon and Clark) found guilty of dma for High Treafon,was Condemn’d to die ; but being Repriev’d by the King,was kept a Prifoner in the Tower for the {pace of fourteen years ; during which time he wrote a Defcription of Guiana; which the King perufing, was fo well pleas’d with it, efpe- cially fince he undertook to make out by feveral Reafons, that England might make it felf Mafter of divers Gold-Mines there, to-which Spain could lay no manner of Treafon, Claim, that he difcharg’d him out of Prifon, and permitted him to make a fecond He is Re: Expedition : Whereupon with ten Ships, Amo 1617. he fet Sail for Guiana again ; fen again to ? being tofs’d with divers Storms, he at laft came with five Sail to the River Calliana, where he fell dangeroufly fick, and therefore’ fent Captain Keymes with five Sail‘to the River Orinoque, to’condué& the Men to the Gold-Mines ;\ each Ship carrying fifty Men, andthe other Captains being Parker, “North, Thornap, and Sir Walter Ra- leigh’s Son. The Spaniards having a Garrifon at Orinoque, fir'd very fiercely at the Englifh, who {uffer’d great damage, and amongft divers others, Captain Raleigh him- felf was flain, whileft the other five Sail lay near the Ifland Trinidad, under John Pennington’s Command, who daily fear’d the Spanifh Fleet. But Keymes found it very difficult to Land in Orinogue, by reafon of the Banks along the Shore, which Diego de Palameque from Puerto Rico kept rongly guarded ; therefore going to an even Shore with intention to Land, he was fo fharply receiv’d by a Body of Spani(h Mafquetteers, that divers of his Men were mortally wounded ; yet breaking in amongft them, he went towards the Gold-Mines, to which the Way led through a Wood where the Spaniards lay in Ambufcade ; but he judg’d himfelf too weak to do any good upon the Mines, one of which belong’d to Peter Rodrigo de Parama, a fecond to Herviano Frontino, and the third to Francifco Fafhardo : The Englifh alfo were fearful, by reafon of the Spaniards Cruelties, who not long before had flay’d feveral Merchants alive; fo that Keymes contented himfelf with pillaging and burn- ing the Town St. Thomas, which the Spaniards had deferted. Soon after’ whic Captain Whitby ran away witha Ship fromthe Fleet, whileft Keymes return’d back to Raleigh, who laid feveral things to his Charge concerning the unneceflary Ex- pence and fhame of fuch anunfuccefsful Voyage ; which fo wrought upon Keymes, that he offer’d to lay violent hands on himfelf in his Cabbin.. At length Raleigh returning to London, was accus’d by the Spanifh Ambaflador Gundamor for the burn- ing St. Thomas, urging that his Mafter refented it fo ill, that he threatned to wage a War with England if Raleigh was not Executed; who notwithftanding he alledg’d, _ That the Spaniards fhew’d the firft Ads of Hoftility againft the Englifh, who onely defended themfelves ; and that St. Thomas was burnt without his knowledge or Order ; and that Keymes had not obferv’d his Command in the difcovering of the Gold-Mines, (which Apologies were generally look’d upon as real Truths) yet the Guiana, 616 | AMERICA. Chap. Vill. the King efteeming the Peace with Spain of more value than one Man’s Life, without taking notice of Gundenior’s Accufations, commanded that the Sentence formerly pafs’d on him for Treafon fhould be Executed, and accordingly in the fix. tieth year of his Age he was Beheaded, difcovering himfelf, by his Chriftian Beha- vior and Profeffion at his Death, to be a far other kind of Perfon than what the World had cenfur’d himto be. | Since this laft Expedition of Six Walter Raleigh, wefind not that there hath been any great Refott or Trade unto this Countrey, except by a few Netherland Mere chants, who have yearly fent eight or nine Ships to the River Orinoque for Tos bacco. Therempe- As for the Air or Climate of Guiana, it is very differing, for about the Amazone Aix River, dry Weather begins about “ugu/t, and the windy and rainy Seafon about February ; but Weftward cowards Orinoque, the Summer takes beginning in Offober, and the Winter in April, the Days and Nights are almoft of an equal length, and the difference of Heat and Gold is but little. Spst Burning-Feavers, Dropfie, and the Jawnes,deftroy many People here; which laft is not unlike the @OX, and proceeds from carnal Copulation with the Guianian Women, who are naturally fuibjeét to this Difeate. : The Nature The Inhabitants are divided into feveral forts, the chiefeft whereof being the bias, (aribbees go naked, covering onely their Privities with a Lappet. The Women, though yellow, are very comely ; and both Men and Women ‘paint their Bodies with Netto, which grows on little Trees in Cods: They make Holes throughtheir , Nofes, Lips and Ears, and hang Glafs, Bells, pieces of Copper, or any other Trifles thatthey get from the Englifh and Netherlanders,in them : About their Necks, ‘Arms and Legs, they wear Strings of Beads, or Cockle-fhells. | Their Houfes with low Roofs, ferve them onely to fleep in. the Night upon Cotton Hammocks, for in the day-time they fit under high Arch’d open places, that the Wind may blow fullupon them. Their Houfhold-ftuff confifts of Earthen Pots and Difhes neatly painted. They live in Tribes or Families together in a Town, which is Govern’d by the eldeft of chem ; and their Militia is Commanded by one that is able to endure moft Stripes with Switches without any fhew of pain, . The chiefeft of their Families have commonly three or four Wives, whereas others are contented withone. The Men feldom do any toilfom Work, but make their Wives do all, infomuch thatas fodn'as a Woman is Deliver’d of a Child, fhe muft immediately go about her ufual Employment, whileft her Husband lies lozelling out his Moneth on a Hammock. seen Their Language founds not unpleafantly, but is hard to learn, becanfe many words differ but little in the pronunciation, and yet have quite another figni- fication. , | « fh When they march into the Field againft their Enemies, then the General fends a Stick to all the Villages under his Jurifdiaion, on which are cut fo many Notches as there are Days appointed before he intends to fet forth, which they cut out again as the Days expire, and/on the laft they repair to the appointed place. A not much unlike Cuftom they obferve in all Promifes.and Bargains ; for they give one another as many Sticks as they defire Days to perform the fame in, and fo throw away every day one, till they have onely one remaining, and then they begin to think of performing their Promife or Bargain. rae ted They know no word whereby to exprefs any greater number than Ten; Twenty they exprefs by laying their ten Fingers on their Toes, and all that ex- ceeds Twenty, they compare to the/Hairs of their Head, crying Oun/a awara, | : | Some Chap. VII- =) eA MER ICA 617 - Some of the painted Canoos made of the Trunks of Trees, will carry five or fix Tuns. In their Wars they ufe Bowes, poyfon’d Arrows, fhort. Truncheons of {peckled Their man- ner of Fights Wood, and Shields full of cary’d Images, and Fight without any Order. They GO ing, Religi- upon no Defign but in the Night, and upon certain advantages. All Woimen and~ Children which they take Prifoners, are fold for Slaves, but the Men are cruelly put to death. There is but little of Religion that can be afetib’d to thefe People, onely that fome fhew Reverence to the Sun and Moon, which they believe are both living Creatures ; but they make no Offerings tothem. Their Funeral-Feafts for great Perfons are ftrangely kept, viz. all the Men ma- king themfelves Drunk with the Liquor Parranoro, Dance three or four days one after another, and he that drinks moft; and-is worft Drunk, gains the greateft Hoe ‘nor, whileft the Women lament and mourn for the Deceafed. | Their Priefts, call’d Peeaios, are in great efteem amongft them, becanfe they pre- tend that they Converfe with the Spirits Wattipa and Yarakin, which the Guianians ex. ceedingly fear, apprehending themfelves often beaten black and blue by them. The Peeaios alfo profefs themfélves to be Chirufgeonsand Doétors, but if they cure not their Patients, they go in danger of their Lives, unlefs they Ipeedily get away. Tas They burn their dead Bodies, together with thofe things the Deceafed affected moft in his Life-time. A Prince or Governor alfo hath his Slaves putto to death at the time when he is burn’d, that they may ferve him in the other World, The Caffavi-Root prefs'd, boyl’d with Pepper, dry’d and bak’d on hot Stones, Theit Dread. ferves the Natives for Bread. . Each Grain that is Sow’n here produces in Harveft above fifteen hundred. Their Corn makes wholfom and well tafted Beer, call’d Pafsiaw, and of their ftamp’d Caffavithey make the Liquor Parranow. | In hollow Trees, and Caves under Ground, they find abundance of Honey ; and their Vines afford them excellent Grapes twice a year. | No Plant is ever feen here without either Leaf, Bloffom, or Fruic, except the _ European Apple-Tree, which never changesitsnature, but bloffoms and bears Fruit at the fame time of the year as in Burope. The wild Hogs Pokkievo, whole Navels grow on their Backs ; and the Pangio, not unlike our Swine, afford the Inhabitants excellent Food. : Here arealfo Water-hogs, of a very delicious tafte; but becaufe they are very apprehenfive, and dive at the leaft noife, they are {eldom taken. The Woods are full of Baboons and Apes, as alfo the floththful Beat 4. ‘The Hates here, being of a brown Colour, with white Specks, and the red Rab- bets, are accounted great Delicacies. There isno Countrey in’ America, which breeds greater Armadillo’s than Guiana, fome of them weighing eighty Pound. | Here are alfo Bears, which live on nothing but Pifmites , they have long hairy Tails, with which they cover their Bodies in rainy Weather ; they put their Tongues a Foot deep into the Pilmires Nefts, and fo pulls them out. , The Tygers here are either black, fpotted, or red, butthe black exceed thé othet in cruelty, yetare feldom feen near inhabited places , the {potted and ted devour abundance of Cartel, but will feldom fet upon a Man, e(pecially in the day-time. The Woods are alfo full of Land-Turtles, which the Inhabitants take, and keep till they have occafion to make ule of their Plefh, = | ‘The n, Oe, 618 AMERICA. _ Chap. VIID The Eagles that are here with their Claws, Engage with thofe that go about to to take them. The Catamountains make fuch an exceeding noile at a certain hour, both it in the Night and in.the Day, that itis heard two Leagues off. ! The Marmozets, a little Beaft, biting the Catamountains and Apes in the a : forces them to leap from one Tree to another. The black Beaft Quotto hath a Face like an old Woman, and. hanging by the Tail, {wings fromone Tree to another. The Cufcary is a brown four-footed Creature, about the bignels of a little Dog, but hath the fhape of a Lyon. Moreover, Guiana produces Teal, Geefle, Crains, Phefants, Partridges, Pigeons, Marlins, Saipes, Falcons, Wetacs: and Parrots of all Soden befides many other - ‘firange Fowls ; amongft chic the chiefeft are a fort whofe Feathers ae lites, Scarlet, and eaik along in Rank and Fyle like Soldiers. , The: Sea produces abundance of .Turbots, Soals, Thotnback, yellow salmon, Sturgeon, Black-fith, Gurnets, Crabs, and Oyfters, Among f other Fifhes, the (affoor wa, which is fomewhat bigger than an Eel, is very Arange, having. two Sights in otk Eye, of which: it always holds one above, and the other underneath | the Water when it {wims, Here are alfo the great Fifhes call’d Manati and Num- eel, by which if any part of a Man be touch-d,.ic immediately becomes ftiff. Vermin. There are likewife divers Vermine, which trouble the Countrey Guiana, among. which are Serpents. of thirty Foot long, that come out of the Water and feed on the Land ; they do little hurt, asmot being poyfonous: but there are many of a lefler fize, whale biting i is fo venomous, that it caufes the Flefh of aMan to rot in twenty 9h hours time: others there are which have forked Tails, and Tusks in the Roofof their Mouthes. The Crocodiles here alfo devour abundance of Cattel. Serangekind The Scorpions, which are black; and refemble a, Lobfter, breed under dry | of Scorpions. Wood or Corn; their Stings are hid in their Tails, with which if any one be touch’d, he is furs to endure an intolerable pain, but without danger of lofing his Life Py the prefent, yet nothing can perfeétly cure the fame, except the eres kill’d and laid on the Wound. The Bats here areas big as Pigeons, and they fuck the Blood of Men and Beafts fo gently, that they feldom perceive the fame. The Pifmires alfo'do great mifchief, efpecially in fandy Grounds ; and likewife the Musketo’s, whofe Stings caufe painful Swellings,; but thefe mot of all trouble them that ‘ghee near the Sea fide on low Lands, infomuch that the Fifher-men bury themfelves in the Night in Sand, leaving onely Holes to breathe at. Frogs and Toads alfo make a terrible noife here, andiefpecially after Rain. Compa The Soil is inferior to nonein the World, for vt production of Sugar ; but'the Countrey. general Commodities of the Countrey are Flax, Cotton, Hemp, the Berry Annoto, which Dyes an excellent Orange colour, another Besiy which Dyes aideep Blue, a Tree whole Leaves Dye a Red, and the Wood of another Tree whofe Juice nye a Purple and Crim{on. Moreover, Guiana produces the Gums Lemnia, Barattu, and (arriman, which te ; ing black oad prickly, {mells very pleafantly, and cures the! Head- ache Bruifes, Pains inthe Limbs, Gouts, and green Woundsé, The fame stom hath the Gum Baratta. Here are alfo good Sena, Bolus ie menius , Cha Fiple, Terra: sDewibas the Berry ‘ | Kelette, Chap. VIEL. AMERICA, | 619 Kelette, very effectual againft the Bloody-flux, the Juice of the Leaf Upee, which cures the Wounds of poyfon’d Arrows, and a fort of fomniferous Apples, whereof the leaft bite occafions a deadly Sleep. There is alfoa Tree, generally growing about the Houfes of the Natives, the Boughs whereof bruis’d between two Stones, and thrown into the Creeks of deep Water full of Fifth, caufe them to fwim above Water upon their Backs. The Letter-Wood, call’d Pira timinere, turns alfo to a good account; much more the excellent Stones, Jafper and Porphyr. Nor are there wanting Gold and Silver-Mines, which doubtlefs would yield gteat profic, werethey open’d. The Grain of the Countrey grows on Stalks feven Foot long,on the tops whereof hang two Ears full of Kernels as bigas Peafe, which ripens in four Moneths. The Sugar-Canes, being of the bignefs of a Man’s Arm, and about fix Foot long, are atthe years end cut off, broken and prefs’d ina Mill ; after which the Juice boyl’d in Copper Kettles to a certain Subftance, is put into woodden Tun. nels, {quare at the top, and narrow at bottom, with’a finall Hole, which is open’d as foon as the Sugar is fufficiently hardned, to let out the Sytrup ; after which ic is put into Hogfheads, and fo Tranfported. ~The Negro’s which are brought from Angola and Guinee, are fo cruelly us’d, thac they oftentimes through defpair deftroy themfelves. The whole Countrey of Guiana is by feveral modern Writers methodically divi- ded into thefe inferior or leffer Provinces, 1. Rio de las Amazones. 2. Wiapoco, or Guiana, properly fo call’d. 3. Orenoque ; and 4. The IMlands of Guiana. Rio de las Amazones, or the Countrey of the Amazones, contains all that part of Rio de tos Guiana which lieth on both fides of the River Orellano, of a rich and good Soil, genes rally, abounding with. all forts of Fruits, and efpecially with thofe which the Americans call Totok, and love it extreamly, out of an opinion, they fay, that it ex- cites them to Venery, whereunto they are of themfelves but too much inclin’d : and another which they call Pita, of a tafte far more delicious and pleafing, and not fo hurtfulas the other. The Countrey was firft difcover’d by the fore-mention’d Francifco Orellana, a Spaniard from Quito, bur it was onely by the River Orellana ; and though he be credibly reported to have Sail’d no lefs than eighteen hundred Leagues down the Stream, and to have difcover’d a richand fair Countrey on both fides the River, well peopled with Natives, and giving in divers places no {mall Arguments of greater Wealth and Riches more within Land ; yet fuch was the bad fuccefs of his fecond Endeavors, and likewife of thofe that follow’d him, as is evi- dent from what hath been before related, that, as yet, there feems no farther Re- port to be given, at leaft not of any thing {pecial, concerning that part of the Countrey. Wiapoco, or Guiana, properly focall’d, taketh up the middle part of this Province, Wraps, being divided, as the other, almof into two equal parts, by the River Wiapoco, pe! which runs through the midft of it. The Countrey on both fides of the River is very rich and fertile, and fo naturally apt, ‘both for Sugar-Canes, Cotton-Wooll, and Tobacco, that they are faid to grow here (all of them very good) without . Planting, or any art of Husbandry. In this Countrey likewife fhould be the fa- «mous Dorada, as the Spaniards callit, or (ity of Gold (if it could be found) with the reports and hopes whereof fome of our own Nation {eem to have been not a little poffefs'd as well as the Spaniards : not can we much blame them; for if the Stories of it had prov’d true, ic muft have been one of the eoodlieft and faireft Cities in the World (not to {peak of the Wealth.) Diego de Ordas, the Spaniard of whom “0 psi ately Amazoues, } ana .pro* y fo ‘alld 620 | AMERICA | Chap. IX. lately had’occafion to make frequent mention of, being reported by fome to have travell’d one whole day, and half another in it, before he could arrive at the King’s Palace; which yet muft be fuppos'd to have ftood but in the midft of the City. Places of lefsMagnificence, but more Certainty, are 1. (aripo, which was once a Colony of Englifh, fetled there by Captain Robert Harcourt, Anno 1608+,upon the - Banks of Wiapoco, and not far from the Mouth of it ; being a place, by the advan- tage of a Rock, which it-hath on the one fide of it, of great ftrength and very dif- ficult accefs; the Air about it found, and faid to be very agreeable to Englifh Bodies. 2. Gomaribo, a Colony formerly of the Dutch, on the North: Weft fide of the Bay of Wiapoco, but fince deferted by them. 3.Woyemon, 4. Crewinay, both of them Towns of the Natives) not far -diftant from the other. | Orinogue. Orinogue, or'the third Divifion of this Province, comprehendeth the moft Nor- therly parts of Guiana, lying upon, or towards the Banks of this famous River: a Countrey likewife reported to be very rich, and comparable to Peru it felf for hids den Treafure, which, they fay, is not-yet difcoyer’d, onely for wantof diligent and induftrious fearching.| The Places init already known are onely 1. Coniolaba, as they call it; which {cems to be fome. Town of the Natives, lying a few Leagues di- ftant from the Orinoque, towards the South. 2+ Morequito, a known Port.or Haven- Town upon a Branch of the Orinoque, much frequented, and. of great ufe to the Eng- lifh when they difcover’d thefe Coalts. 3: Wenicapora : and, 4. St. Thomas, the onely Town which the Spaniards hold upon this part of the Continent, firuate upon the principal Channel of the Orinogue, and confifting of two hundred Families, or thereabouts : Ivisnow a fortifi’dPlace, and was taken by Sir Walter Raleigh, in that unfortunate A@ion of 1617. above related more at large. ine ae ss A Iflands that belong to, and are commonly reckon’d as parts of Guiana, are Guise. either fach as lie {catter’d about the Shore of the Province, orfuch as are found at the Mouth, and fometime far within the Channel of thofegreat Rivers, which em- pty themfelves at feveral. parts of this Countrey into the Sea, viz, Orinoque, Wiapoco, Rio de las Amnaxonés, &c. There are many of them, but of any great name or efteem, onely two, viz, Trinidadoand Tabago, the Defcription whereof we fhall here omit, as having already taken notice of them amongtt the Sotavents and Caribbee Iflands. Paria, or New Andalufia. ginierion a Y T \ J Efward of Guiana lieth the Countrey of Paria, fo-call’d from its chief efcription * ot ene River: It hath alfo the Denomination of New Andalufia, but for | | what refemblance with Andalufia of Old Spain, they do not tellus. 9 This Countrey lying as it doth, brings us back again by the Eaftern Coaft to the I/thmys or Strait, which, as we have often faid, joyns the two parts of the Con- tinent of America together, at leaft- to thofe Countreys that lie next upon it to the South, viz. the Kingdom of Granada, &c. It hath on the Eaft Guiana, and thole Iflands which lie about the Mouth of Orinogue; on the Weft, the Gulf,or Bay of Venezuela, with fome part of the.new Kingdom abovefaid; on the North itis wath'd with the Atlantick Ocean ; and on the South hath fome Countreys yet uns difcover’d, toward the Andes. The whole confifteth partly of Continent, and partly ? | | Cliap. IX. =f “AMER IC #4. | Out partly of Mlands near adjoyning to it, and is commonly divided into five feveral Precinéts or Parts, which are i. Cumana. 2: Venezuela, being upon the Continent: 3. Margareta. 4. (ubagua, two Mflands above. mention’d; famous for Pearl-fifhing , and laftly, fome leffer Iflands. Se crrse Ili Cumana. on the Weft, with Venezuela, Northward it hath the Atlantick ; and on Bek" of Camans., nae is bounded Eaftward with the Gulf of Paria ahd the River Orinoque s soune ~~ the South, thofe undifcover’d Countreys above mention’d ; extending as long the Northern Ocean, overagainft Margareta, two hundred Leagues or more, as fome fay, in length, and not much lefs than a hundred in breadth. The Coaft of this Countrey, as well as of the Iflands Margareta and Cabagua, hath formerly been much fam’d for the rich Trade of Pearls and Pearl-fifhing ; which failing, its principal efteem now is for an excellent Vein of Salt, which they dig here as out of a’Mine, and gather it naturally made ready to their Hands, not half a Mile from the Sea fide, on the back fide of the Promontory or Cape, by fome call’d Punto de Araya, and by others for this reafon Cape de Salinas. Places of chiefeft confideration here, are 1. Cumana it (elf, a Colony of Spaniards towns ana Places of feated on the Banks of alitcle River two Miles diftant from the Sea, where it hath note. a good Harbor. | bal cont ) 2. St. Jago, avery ftrong Fortrefs, which the Spaniards of late years have buile, for the defence and fecurity of the Salt-works againft the Dutch, who began to Trade much that way, and in the Year 1622, had a Defign to have made them. _ felves Mafters of the, Place. | _ 3+ St. Michael: de Neveri,.another Fortrefs of theirs, ftanding upon a River bearing, the fame Name. 4. Guaniba, a-Town of the Natives. ar | _ This Countrey of Cumana, being generally infefted with terrible Crocodiles, hath.a large Inlet call’d Cariaco, which flows fourteen Leagues into the Countrey. a -The'Men of this Countrey wear Cotton Cloaks, and anointing their Bodies Miainers and ultoms of with.Gum, ftick the fame full of Feathers. the People, When they goto Wars, or toa general Feaft,then they fhavetheir Hair off above their Ears, pull out their Beards, and black their Teeth witha certain Herb. Their Princes and Grandees take as many Wives asthey pleafe, and give tothofe of their Guefts whom they intend. moft.to. oblige, their choice of the faire of _ them to lie with. : | Whoring is accounted no fhame, except amongft Marry'd Women, who gene- rally live very Chafte, unlefs their Husbands confent totheir Adultery. 3 The Women alfo Hunt, Fifh, Shoot, and Swim, and are diligent in Tilling their Lands, and other Houfhold: Affairs., Moft of them have fore Eyes, occafion’d not fo much (as fome wrongfully fuppofe) by their drinking of the Water out of the Stream Cumana, but proceeding rather from their unwholfom Food, as Spiders, and the like. he . Amongeft the feveral forts.of Trees that grow-here, there are fome' that yield a white well {cented Gum, or delicious Juice like Milk, and produce a Fruit not un- like a Mulberry, which may be boyl’d to an excellent Syrrup ; the Wood alfo ftrikes Fire: There are others, whofe Timber is good for Shipping. . Li! The 6a AMERICA - Chap. 1X, The Soil alfo produces Ca/fia-Fiftula, Rofes, and other ftrong: (melling Flowers and Herbs. 7 For Beafts, befides Lyons, Tygers, and wild Hogs, there are feveral ftrange kinds here, as the Cappa, which is bigger than an Afs, having fhaggy and black Hair ; it runs away from Mankind, but devours whafoever elfe it meets with. | The Aranata, which hath a Goats Beard, and is of the bignels of a Greyhound ; it howls very dreadfully, and feeds on Fruits. The wild Cats which breed here, leap, though great with Voting from one Tree to another. Inthe Evening a Beaft like a lean Dog comes to their His; cries like a Child, and devours all thofe it meets abroad ; wherefore every one tht goes out inthe Night carries a lighted Stick with him, ‘for this Beaft dreads the fight of Fire. The Trees give Harbor to great ayiwtbets of Parrots, nize other fine Feather’ d Birds. The Bats here are very large and hurtful, fucking the Blood fiom Men and Beafts. The Mufchito’s alfo do very much plague and vex'the pahabiucien The Spiders, much biggens than thofe of Europe, and of ne colours, make very {trong Cobwebs. 7 Along the Sea-Coaft, and in the Rivers is oleiey of delicions Fifh. Dominicans Anno 1513. two Dominican Fryers went over from Terra Firma to Cumuana, where bythe Na- the Natives kindly Entertain’d them, till a Spanifh Ship Anchoring there fer the uF : Pearl-Trade, carry’d away by vititenes the Governor and feventeen of his Servants; whereupon the Natives threarned, that unlefs theit Lord was reftor'd, they would put the two Dominicans to death ; the Spaniards promifi ng reltanitution of hint four Moneths time, inform’d the Council at Aifpaniola of it, who not confenting to his Réleafenients the two Monks were, according the fovmnee threatning, prefently putto death. Yet after this the Franci/cans and Dominicans built'each of them a Cloyfter in the Province of Chiribichi, where they kept friendly Correfpondence donee de o. With the Cumana’s, vill Anno 1520. when Alonfo de Ojeda coming to an Anchor before see an) Maracapana, under pretence of bartering Maiz for Spanifh Goods with the’ Tagarez, who came about fifty from the Mountains on which they liv'd, being three Leagues up inthe Countrey,and brought Maiz down tothe Shere; the \Spatards took thirty fix of them Prifoners, and kill’d or wounded the ret : Whereupon the Govet- nor Gonzales being conplaiat d unto by the neighboring Prince Maraguey, and his affiftance defir'd in taking Revenge of the Dominicans and Francifcans, who had urg'd and perfwaded Ojeda to the foreemention’d Att, Gonzales hereupon made an Agreement with Maraguey, that he fhould deftroy the Monks, ~whileft he himfelf would kill Ojeda, which they accordingly perform’d. The Council in St. Domingo inform’d hereof, immediately fent three Ships, Mann’d with three hundred Men, under the Command of Gongalvo de Ocampo, who Anchoring in the Haven of Mura- capand, feign’d as if he came newly from Spain, and that he knew nothing of the Bufinefs between Ojeda.and Gonzales, that fo he might entice ‘the Natives into his Ship, and accordingly when divers of them came aboard, the Armed Spani- ards ftarted from under the Decks, and hung themup at their Yard-arms, burnt the Village Maracapana, and ruin’d the Countrey far and near with Fire and Sword. OLaups allo built the Town Toledo, abous half a League farther into the Coun- © trey, where the Bifhop Bartholomew de las Cafas, making his Vifitation, commanded Ocamps to forbear his cruelty againft the Natives, he having daily either burnt, hang’d, beheaded, or made Slaves of fome or other of them. (a/as alfo caus‘’d a little a ———_— _- = 2 -—_ -> wt A Chap. IX. AMER IC Az. 623 little Fort to be-built.at the Mouth of the River (umana, to be near to prevent the inhumane Murders and Oppreffions committed by his Countrey-men ; but bes caufe the Inbabitants of Cubagua bereav’d him of his chief Builder, his Fort was left half unfinifh’d ; wherefore Ca/as leaving the Command of this Countrey to Fran- cifco de Soto, went back to Hijpaniola, where in St. Domingo he made his Complaints to the High Court of Juftice of the Spaniards Cruelties; but being little regarded, he went intothe Dominicans Cloyfter, till he was call’d out and made Bifhop of Chiapa. Mean while Soto, contrary to Cafas his order, had fitted out two Ships to Trade along the Coaft of Paria ; but the Expedition prov’d very unfuccefsful, for Frith al he and all his Men were deftroy’d by the Natives; not without juft reafon, for the fy ¢ >y the Spaniards (according to the Relation of Cafas from an Eye-witnefs) deftroy'd this Countrey-after fuch a manner, that a Ship Sail’d between Lucago and Hi/paniola fixty Leagues without any Compafs, finding the Way onely bythe floating of dead Bodies, thrown out of the Spanifh Ships. Moreover, the Prifoners fainting, were fet afhore on Hifpaniola, and divided into Companies, each Company confifting of ‘twenty ; Parents feparated from their Children, and Husbands from their Wives, and Lots caft for them: thofe that had either fick, decrepid, or old People fall to theit fhare, us’d to cry (as (afas teftifies he hath oftenheard,) What doJdo with. this fick, decrepid old Dog 2. give bim to the Devil ; I will not put my felf to the trouble to kill and bury him, | But Soto’s Death was not left unreveng’d ; for not long after Jacob Caftellon fetting Sail from St. Domingo, left feveral Companies on (ubagua, to re-build the Town Cadiz, and rais’d a Fort at. the Mouth of Cumana, which hath ever fince been kept by the Spaniards, who made great flaughter amongft the Natives. Hieronymo Ortall Sailing up the Stream Negeri, fent his Lieutenant Augu/tine Del- rreronymo gado throughthe populous Provinces: Guacharuco and Parimatuotu to the River Unare, od by bis ica where, not withouta fharp Conflié,he took abundance of Provifions in a Village. In the mean time Ortall travell’d to Meta, acting inhumane Cruelties all the way ; but approaching Guiana (where Delgado was kill’d) he was deferted by his mutinous Men, who ran over to Nicholas Federman ; fo that he was fore’d to return back to the new Fort Miguel de Neveri, and from thence to St. Domingo with ten Soldiers, fearing that Artonio. Sedenno (who judg’d himfelf wrong’d by Ortall, becaufe Cumana be- long’d to his Lordfhip) would fall upon him. | tg | Sedenno being five hundged Men ftrong difcover’d the, Sea-Coaft all along to Patigutaro, where Setling Him(felf, he regarded no Difcipline ; which the Natives obferving, kill’d many a Spaniard, and others the Tygers alfo devour’d, efpecially in the Night, they being forc’d to keep lighted Fires about them againft the wild Beafts | | About the beginning of the Year 1537- Sedenno travell’d to the Countrey Anapuya and Orocomay,to the Province Goiognaney, where the Inhabitants defended themfelves very valiantly in a woodden Fort, before which many Spaniards were kill’d with poyfon’d Arrows, and thofe who were not mortally wounded, had no way to efcape but by burning the Poyfon out with hot Irons ; yet at laft the Defendants were forc’d to flie with their Wivesand Children up to the Mountains, overgrown with Brambles. Sedenno marching through barren Fields, and-over croublefom Ri- Te Death ot Sedeuno vers, came to the mountainous Countrey Catapararo, where he found abundance of 34 Jum Maiz, and fome little pieces of Gold, and was advanc’d about a League and a half in Cumana, when dying, he made room for his Succeflor Juan Fernandex, who {ur- viv'd him not long, yet the Expedition was not left unprofecuted : for Sedenno’s Men, after the Deceafe of him and Fernandez, went farther, and difcover’dalow - Lil 2 Land - Sa. =. ~— ~ - + ——— ae —- - oe 624. | AMERICA. Chap. IX, Land, which in the Winter being overflow’d, fore’d the Inhabitants to remove té the Mountains: But at laft the Spaniards, being weary with travelling, fell out amongft themfelves, and dividing into feveral Parties, went feveral ways, fome to Venezuela, others to Maracapana, and the reft to Cubagua. Sect. If. Venezuela. Cimana, ont the Weft, with agteat Gulf or Bay, call’d The Bay of Veneuela, with the Lake Maracabo, and fome part of New Granada, Northwatd it hath the Ocean, or Atlantick Sea; Southwatd , fome undifcover’d Countreys, which, as we faid, lie betwixtthe Andes and it. Ic ftretches ont in length from Eat to Weft, a hundred and thitty Leagues, ot thereabouts, buc in breadch little more than half fo much ; it was nam’d Venexnela, or Little Venice, by Alonfo de Ojeda, a Spa- niard, who at his firft difcovery of the Countrey fell upon a Towi of the Natives, which ftood like another Venice, allupon the Wacér, and having no'paflage to it - but by Boats. It isa Countrey extraordinary rich in all forts of Commodities, af- fords good Pafture for Cartel, and abundance of fair Herds of them, Oxen, Sheep, Swine, ¢xc. plenty of Corn, and other Grain, great ftore of Venifon in the Woods, of Fifth in the Rivers, Gold in the Mines, and therefore not likely but to be well “towns ang PeOPled and inhabited, efpecially by the Spaniards, whofe Towns and Places of * tinge ple chief importance are thefe, 1. Venexuela, at the moft Wefterly Confines of the mute, Countrey, built upon the Sea, with the advantage of a double Haven, ina tem pe- rate and good Air, andthe Soil round about it the beft in the whole Province: It isnow a Bifhop’s See, who is Suffragan to the Arch-bifhop in Ehi/paniola, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor. 2. Caravalleda, call’d by the Spaniards, Nueftra Sennora de Caravalleda, four{core Leagues diftant from Venezuela towards the Eaft, upon the Sea. . St. Fago de Leon, in the Countrey of Caracas, four or five Leagues South ward of Caravalleda, and fix or feven diftant from the Sea. 4. New Valentia, twenty five Leagues diftant from St. Tago. 5.. New Xeres, a Town but lately built, fifteen Beagues Southward of New Valentia. | 6. New Segovia, but one League diftant from Xeres. 7. Tucuyo,a Place well known and frequented, for the abundance of Sugar that is made there, and inthe Countrey round about it. 8. Truxillo, or Our Lady de la Paz, eighteen Leagues Southward of the Lake Maz yacabo, a Place of great reforr, and much frequented ‘for Trade both’by Spaniards ‘and Natives. | 9. Laguna, a Town lying more towards the bottom of the Lake, faid to be much haunted with Tygers; and morethan this, not much isfaid of it. | According to the ancient Divifion of the Natives, this Province contains the Countreys Curiana, Cuycas, Caracas, Bariquicemeto, Tuciyo, and Carora ; in which there are eftimated to be about a hundred thoufand Inhabitants that pay Taxes ; which Charge, according to a Law made at the Spanifh Court, all Men above fifty, and Youth under eighteen, are freed from: yet this Countrey had fotmerly much more People, great numbers of them being deftroy’d by the Germans, Anno 1529. for the Bifhop Bartholomeus de las Cafas relates, That above fifty hundred thoufand | : of Defcription of Venezuela. A nee i “He,principal part of the Province of Veneznéla is border’d On the Eat with " i ‘ i, Wi ji ‘i ’ su ff, 7 , € ~ \) 4 pe <\ Als =" | —— : ee ie, . - eie> Ses \ \ Ma) er ee ee ~ -~ -~—\* =< i ff ar. — 2 ) P ~~ ~ vf me i £2,N 7) SD Ne | VF _an so thy 4 441 as a a / . i FN ? — > a = r, . if ne er XU R VARA PROV. ee | 42m ——s — = . FS = ' - é a a i ~ = / ag - = ‘ - Fragile, we . = =~ i = e. Sea Sale Pax J : - ~~ ~ r —~ =. nie : =) %, - ¢ b : “oe ‘ - ae 7 = 4 ; - " : ‘ : - > ’ = =~ * a — = : 4 | ‘ = ; = a ~ : a , a P , . - F 7 7 . - 2 = . \ ‘g P. - = - >. : - en ra _ . — . - “Z ~" “ ters Fy = X 7 ; 45 4 ' Ss . +o vay am "* L = P —_ == ;. 7 - . = . rf - ~ ' : 4 = ~ Ute, ‘ ng = ; a . , : : ~= = L —— : + 22,* . SS . " , ¥ ’ a 7F . - " 2 - on — e = a ‘J ’ 7 - " s c- / 4 ~ a ‘ =e, oe = . . ~ a ; ®t = id A <= = J x : . se = S: . : = = " . : — y ff 7 " L : . = ‘ ae — > : = 7 i aT “e . — - aut] - - >! = a=. _— -: ¥ > + ; i 7 - : : ped —-— ~ a - rs 5% - - - . _ : ~“ a z = - a ~ = . 7 7 a : - - . } — 7 == : - - P ~ : "2 : i — = u : :- ¢ = _ ; ~ . - ? - m = ~ 3 74 “ - ts°- T ; —— a - - = ; 4 ; > ™ .— - ? “ =. a x ; J [ ~ . od bo : - ~ — = ea xe a =". - — <= : ~ “Se os -- 7 ‘ z ’ a f = P ™ . te Cor mifieted cHOS .; Pop age ; ~~ Barig = . os = Wi P’ . = »_ 5 ay * 2. _ ' e . —s " ial eel Ahi a aN I a > ~ — a x Chap. IX. } “AMER IC Az. 625 Of the Inhabitants were kill’d by them, nay, they rooted outwwhole Countreys, Notwithftanding -the Natives were ready to Entertain them with all Civility ima- ginable , the Particulars of the Story are as followeth : The exe When the Emperor Charles the Fifth Marry’d with J/abella, Daughter to the King sand Si of Portugal, Anno 1526. the Welfares, being Dutch Gentlemen in Augsburgh, made an Agreement with him for a Sim of Money, to Conquer Venezuela; whither they fent Ambrofius Alfinger, and Bartholomeus Sayltar, with four hundred Foot and cighty Horfe: Thefe Forces Landing at Venezuela, drove away Juan de Ampues, who Sail- ing from St. Domingo thither, had difcover’d the Coat along (oriano, and already made an Agreement with a mighty Prince of that Countrey, call’d- Mananre. But Alfinger marching to the Lake Maracabo, deftroy’d all the Inhabitants of the Coune ca hip orrid Cru- trey ‘Axaguas, though they came.to meet-him Dancing, with rich Prefents of Gold oe which he not regarding, kill’d them, drove fome irito a Houfe, and there cut them . in pieces, and burnt thofe that were got upon the Roof. From hence going towards the Pocabuyes, who dwelt on the Weft fide of Maracabo, amongft high Mountains, he was Entertain’d by them a confiderable time very courteoully, and Prefented with rich Gifts, for which at his departure he fhut up both Men, Women, and Children, into a high Wall’d Park, where they were all to perifh, if they did not every one pay a certain quantity of Gold to be releas’d, which not being able to raife, they all dy'd for want of Food, After the fame manner he dealt with the neighboring People Alcobolados, of whom he got much Gold, but not without uns heard: of Cruelties ; for he burnt all their Villages and Houfes, ruin’d the Coun- trey with Fire and Sword from Thamaleque to the River Lebrixa, carry'd away mae ny of the Natives coupled together with Chains about their Necks, and each of them loaded with at leaft a hundred pound weight of pillag’d Goods ; and as foon as any of them began to faint under their Burthens for want of refrefhment, their Heads were immediately cut off. But) Alfinger coming to certain cold Mountains, was refifted by a valiant People ; in which Confli& he receiv’'d a Wound, of which he dy’d at his return to (oro, Anno 1532. Upon which the Welfares fent Fobn Aleman to fucceed him ; but he allo dying, made place for George de E/poira, and Nicholas Federman, of which two E/poira being the chief, {pent three years in ranging up and down the Countrey, without any remarkable Tranfactions, being continually ac variance with his Lieutenant Federman. The afore-mention’d City Venexuela, otherwife call’d Caro, and by the Natives (orana, was, Anno 1539. taken and burnt by the Englifh. Northward from the City, the Promontory St. Roman, in the Province of Paras oe goana, tuns into the Sea, oppofite to the Iflands Aruba and Quuracao. ns and Bet The Countrey Paragodna is low and full of Venifon ; out of the middle of it rifes 3 a high Mountain, the Inhabitants whereof are very hofpitable and courteous. The Lyons that breed in this Countrey run away from Men; but on the cons trary, the Tygers are exceeding cruel. | 7 From Coro there leads a Way up into the Countrey over the Mountain Xizaexa= yas, to the Province Bariquicemeto. | Between both thefe Provinces very fruitful Valleys, which produce Maiz in : great abundance, are furrounded by wooddy Mountains, inhabited by Man-eaters, - call’d Axaguas. | | Anno 155%, Juande Villegas difcovering the Province Tucuyo, he found feveral rich _Gold-Mines near the Mountain Pedro, out of which fprings the River Burio, Near sachiteis this place he buile the Town Segovia, which, by reafon of the unwholfom Air, was L Rsoeg de foon after tranfplanted, and built on the Shore of the River Bariquicimeto; fo call’d, LIt 3 becaufe =- ' 626 AMER !CA. | Chap. 1X. becaufe the Water when touch’d, turns toan Afh-colour. The Plain Countrey round about would be intolerable hot, did not the cool Winds that blow from the Mountains temper the fame. | . The Natives The Natives divided into Tribes that underftand not one another, live on Calli. * of the Pro- ety vince Bari- bafhes, Deers-flefh, Rabbets, and the Juice of the Cocuy. their manner Tn the Rivers Hacarigua and Boraute, they throw the ftamp’d Root Barbafco, ems which caufes the Fifh to appear above the Water, and -fuffer themfelves to be caught with the Hand. | In the Summer they all ftore themfelves with Venifon, which they catch after this manner: They fet the dry Bufhes and Brambles on fire, which makes the wild Hogs, Goats, Deer, Armadillo’s, Tygers, the great Serpents Bobas, and other wild Creatures, to leap forth from their Holes and Receptacles to fhun the fame, whileft the Hunters ftanding ready with their Bowes and Arrows, feldom mifs one of them. | i = In the hollow Trees near the Rivers, the Bees make abundance of Honey for them. ay , Moft of the Rivers here fall into the Stream Hluriapari, which glides from the Peruvian Mountains to the Northern Ocean. . The Province (hioas produces plenty of Gold. Nive nt The Natives about Segovia go naked, are very ignorant, and much addiéted to sours Drunkennefs ; in which humor they kill one another: They live without care, feeding on Roots till theit Maiz is ripe, which in fome places comes to its full ma. turity in forty days time, and in others in three Moneths. : Clofe by Segovia glides the Rivulet Claro, whofe clear Water goes but a {mall Courfe from its Fountain Head, before it finks into the Ground ; in the Summer it is very high, and in the Winter almoft defticute of Water. | Thecomms- This Countrey breeds all forts of Fowls, but efpecially Quails and Turtle- Comey Doves. | ios hereaboutss = Cattell, Sheep, Goats and Hogs, increafe wonderfully here, infomuch that many of them are driven to be fold at New Granada. | ! The Cotton-Clothes that are woven here, alfo turn to a good account. From Segovia runs a Way through a Valley twelve Leagues long, to the Town Tucuyo, which ftands low, but in a healthful Climate, and farrounded with Moun tains. | The Countrey hereabouts produces plenty of Corn, Pot-herbs, Sugar, and Cotton ; and feeds Oxen, Cowes, Horfes, Sheep, Deer; and Goats, to which the Tygers and Lyons do great mifchief. : Here are Gold-Mines, but they are not open’d by reafon of the great want of Men. There is likewile plenty of the BezoareStones to be had here. The Cuycas, in whofe Countrey ftands the Town Truxillo, are a valiant, but very cruel People. The Lake Maracabo, running forty Leagues up into the Countrey, isten Leagues broad, Ebbs and Flows, and feeds the great Fifh Manati. oe Weftward dwell the Pocabuyes, and Alcobolados, both quiet and rich People. The Province The Province Xuruara lies towards the South behind high Mountains, inhabited _ by the valiant (oromochos ; and towards the North from Xuruara, the Bobures, hard by the City Merida ; the Countrey about which is unhealthful and Morafly, and the Inhabitants exceedingly plagu’d by the Mu/chito’s. Havens of Ve- + epte The Haven Maracapana is the beft in Venezuela, and lies in the Eaftern part of the Province, Chap. 1X, / AMERICA. 627 Province, where the Mountains are inhabited by the wild Chiugotos, who kill and eat all the Spaniards they can get. | . The other Havens Weftward, not comparable to Maracapana, are Flechado, Sar- * dinas, and Burburute, where fome Spanifh Families have a Salt-pit. Six Leagues up in the Countrey you come to the frefh Lake Tocarigna, full of Mands and Promonte- little inhabited Ifles ; the People whereof live quietly, and barter Gold. a Towards the North-Weft the Ocean makes the great Inlet Trifte, before which lies the Ifland Bonaire, very full of Cattel, and on each fide appear the Aves and Quaraco, which abound with Fowl. or : The Promontory St. Roman runs twenty Leagues into the Sea, and the Cape Coquibocoa extends farther. Between both thefe runs the Channel of Venezuela, which touches the Lake Maracapabo. | - Before Coquibocoa are {een the four low Iflands Monjes, with white fandy Creeks, and fullof Trees: out ofthe middlemoft rifes a high Mountain. On the Main Continent alfo the Mountains De Aziéyto appear with {craggy tops beyond the Point : And the Bay Honda affords a fafe Road. The Cape De la Vela hath on one fide the Inlet Portete, and on the other, the Vil- lages Rancheria and Noftra Sennora de los Remedios; between both which runs the Stream La Hacha. | The German Commander, Nicholas Federman, intended to have built a City on Cape Vela, Anno.1535. but finding the Ground too low and unhfruitful, the Pearls hereabouts very {mall, and the Natives living onely on Fifh and wild Herbs, he chang’d his Refolution. Serer. IV, The Ifands Margareta, Cubagua, and Coche. NG ere we have already {poken fomething of the Iflands Margareta, and Cubagua, in regard they are by fome reckon’d amongft the Ifles of ” Northern America; yet becaufe they are by many accounted to make upa part of the Divifion of New Andalufia, we fhall add in this place what we have found moft worthy of Re-mention, though much to the fame purpofe as before. The land Margareta, difcover’d by Chriftopher Columbus, Anno 1498. contains thirty two Leagues in circumference, hath many Woods and Paftures, yet little frefh Water. To the Eaftward of it lie the Cliffs Te/figos, where it is very moun- tainous, as alfo on the Eaft. Round about the fame are delicious Fifh, without which the Natives could not live, becaufe the brackith Soil produces but little Pros vifion. The chiefeft thing for which this Ifland Margareta is famous, is the Péatl= The Peal. Fifhing, for which in times pafta great Trade was driven, though of late it is come to littleornothing. The Spaniards, with inhumane cruelty, taught the Ne- gros to Dive for the Pearls, for chofe that were not nimble or dextrous enough, they beat unmercifully, dropt fcalding Wax or fcalding Oyl upon them, or ftig- matiz’d them with hot Irons. The PearleBanks were cover’d with five, fix, feven, or eight Fathom Water ; from whence the Negro’s pull’d the Oyfters with fuch force, that the Blood gufh’d out of their Mouths and Nofes when they came above Water to breath ; after which, to refrefh them; they receiv'd a*Glafs of Wine anda Pipe of Tobacco.. The Spanifh Kiay receiv’d a fifth part of the beft Pearls that were taken here ; but whether the Oyfters have forfaken this Place, ot : their. ing of rgareta. \ e 628 AMERICA. | \_ Chap. IX. their growth hinder’d by often Fifhing for them, we know not, but however it is, few Pearls are found here of late years, which makes Margareta to be more and more deferted. | TheNature Between the Main Continent of Paria lie the Iflands Cubagua and Coche ; the firtt crbvgus, whereof hath an’unfruitful and fulery Soil, without either Trees, Birds, and four- footed Beatts, except Pock- Wood, Sea-Fowls, or Parrots; and (aftilian Hogs being carry’d thither, change their Nature ftrangely; for im a fhort time their Claws grow long and crooked. | The King of Spain us’d formerly to receive fifteen thoufand Ducats yearly for his fifth parc of the Pearls that were taken ; which Gain invited many thither, who The Ciy Xe built the Town Nova Cadiz on Cabugua in the Year 1521. but when the Arayans de- bait ce, Molifh’d the Monks Cloyfter on Paria, the Spaniards, being three hundred in nums roraly 4 ber, fled from Nova Cadiz to Hifpaniola, where the High Court, difpleas’d at their cowardly deferting the Place, gave them but cool Entertainment, and fent five Ships under the Command of Jacomo de Caftellan to Cubagua, to build new Store- houfes in Nova Cadiz, which was afterwards reeinhabited ; but when the Pearl- - Fifhing cealed, the Ifland and Town was at once deferted. Oppofite to Margareta lies the Promontory Araya, behind which lies a fale Lake, in which is found abundance of Salt, not onely above, but under the Water ; with which the Bnglifh, Spanifh, and Dutch Ships are fraighted. Da Vern's Ifaac du Verne defcribesthe Saltepans on Araya thus: “ Round about the fame Delcription of the Sak- ¢¢ ({aith he) the Ground is craggy, barren, and of a brackifh tafte, and deftitute of eae ek frefh Water, which is therefore fetch’d three Leagues farther out of a Brook, ‘¢ flowing fromthe Mountain Bordones into the Bay of Comena ; likewife all manner “ of Provifions are brought from other Parts. Weftward fromthe Point Araya there ‘is a convenient Harbor where the Ships take in their Salt. Three hundred Paces ‘from the Shore lies a great Saltepan, where the Salt being firft beat in pices, is “‘carry'd in Wheel-barrows to the Ships. The little Saltepan produces lefs Sale, ‘« and lies allo out of the way, which makes few Ships take in their Lading from ’ 6 thence. 5 | The Countrey is every where overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes, in which breed Tygers and very poyfonous Serpents. There are likewife abundance of Stags, Bucks, Hares, and Coneys, befides other ftrange Beafts. lavdestenn Will Anno 1605.the Netherlanders came hither unmolefted for Salt, when eight ict Spanifh Gallions falling unawares uponthem, ftrangely mifus'd their Seamen , but Sma afterwards the United Netherlands having made an Agreement with Spain for a cer- tain time, renew’d their Trade to Araya, tillthe King of Spain, having for the bet- ter fecurity of the Place, built the Fort St. Jago, which Commanded the gteat Sale- pan, forbad the Netherlanders from lading any more Salt ; who thereupon Storm’d. the Fort, though to their coft, for feveral of them were kill’d, and che reft return’d home empty. : ae ae OP Oe Of the Ifands Pas Southern America: ) TT" chiefeft Iflands of note in the Southern part of America, that is to fay, thofe that lie remote from the Continent im Mare del Zur, are Los Ladvones, and the Iflands Fernandinas ; for the reft being,as we may call them,Mediter- ranean Iflands, fall naturally under the Defcription of the Continent. Te Los 4 Chap. IX, | “AMERICA, 629 1. Los Ladrones, in Englith, The Iflands of Thieves, li¢asit were in the mid-way The Iles Ler betwixt the Main Land of America and the Philippine lands, but fome hundreds of Leagues diftant from either, in the fourth Degree of Northern Latitude ; fo nam’d by Ferdinand Magellan, from the pilfering difpoficion he obfery’d in the Natives, when he Sail’d that way for the Molucce Iflands. They were a nimble and adive fort of People, yet light-finger’d, tall of ftature, and going for the moft part naked, excellent Swimmers and Divers, and have not much more to be {aid in their com- mendation. | 2. The Fernandina are onely two Iflands of no great bigne(s, lying over again{t The Wester: the Coaft of Chile, in the three and thirtieth Degree of Southern Latitude, and about hundred Leagues, or three hundred Englifh Miles from the Continent, yet well ftor’d with fome leffer forts of Cattel a8 Goats, ec. good plenty likewife of -Venifon in the Woods, and Fith upon the Coafts ; for which reafon, though lying at fome diftance, yet are they not a little frequented by the Spaniards of Peru, who find many geod Harbors and Roads for Shipping belonging’'to, and about thefe Iflands. | : 631 \io= y) NZ Ph Sy) | » “4 Luke ye & - > NSS & CAN PETIRS An Appendix, CONTAINING Partly a farther profecution of the Defcriptions of fome Provinces already treated of in the foregoing Book, partly an Account of . fome_ other Difcoveries than what have hitherto been deliver'd in any Defcription of the NM, EW WOR,L DPD. CHAP, .J. Rio de la Plata. etic River De la Plata, by the Natives'call'd Paranaguazu, is Ri} next to the River of the Amazones,the greateft in the World, and falls into the Northern Ocean between the Capes An- tomo and Maria, lying thirty Leagues one from another : ‘ ae Pend v BS. + Ss" wy Wn Str We i =f Mr, = . ! ANY’ i) ——— ‘ -7= Ax { = Wi jw am [4 n It receives from Eaft and Weft divers Rivers as far as the Lake Xarays, lying three hundred Leagues up in the Coun- See} trey from the Mouth of La Plata. Alfo into the foreemen- See tion’d Lake fall feveral Streams, which fpring out of the Peruvian Mountains Andes. | The firft that Sail’d into this great River, Anno 1515. to an Ifland lying in the middle of it; was Jobe Dias de Solis, who tathly going afhore, was kill’d and eaten, together with feveral Portugue/es. | | Eleven years after this Accident, Sebaftian Gabottus fet Sail from Spain to go to the Gane Gabott us his Spicy Iflands through the Straights of Magellan, but was fore’d, for want of Provie ©?! TOM inal h i | = y. ” a) wir 5! ,_ ~~ . ° . « ¥ n a Te fions, and the unwillingnefs of his Seamen, to put into the River La Plata; in a which being advanc’d thirty Leagues, he Anchor’d near an Ifland, which’he call’d St. Gabriel: from whence going feven farther, he difcover’d a Stream which fell into La Plata, This River he call’d St. Salvador, and caft up a Fort at the Mouth of it, where an Inlet afforded a convenient Harbor for Shipping ; he found the River La Plata to be generally ten Leagues broad, and full of Ifles ; and to the Weft- ward of it, the River Zaracaranna, inhabited on the South fide by a fubril People call’d Diagnitas. At the place where Zaracaranna difembogues into La Plata he built a Caftle, and calling the fame Caftello di Santo Spirito, went up farther, leaving on the Weft fide the People Tenbues, Mequaretas, Mepenes, and Aigais ; to the Eaftward, the Quiloacas and Santana, and ftruck up out of the River La Plata, North-Eaft into guns ep : , the mt \ | 632 eA MERI C AL | ey Chap. & the Stream Parana, in which he had gone, two hundred Leagues, and pafs’d by mahy Ifles, when he went out of the fame into the Stream Paraguay ; where being fer'upon by the Countrey People, .who were bufie in Tilling the Ground, he loft fo many of his Men, that he was forced, without any farther Exploit, to return wich che Portugue/e Pilot, Diego Garcia, who Sailing up the fame River, had met with Gabottws in Paria, and becaufe both had gotten fome Silver, they call’d the River, from that Metal, Dela Plata. The fatther Difcovery whereof lay neglected ~ nine years after, when Peter Mendoza Sailing with eleven Ships, carrying eight hun- dred Men, to the Ifland Gabriel, ‘built the Fort Buenos Ayres, on the South fide of ir, where many People dying of Hunger, little was done. fe . Alvares Cabeca not long after following Mendoza’s footfteps, difcover’d and peo- pled the Province Rio de la Plata. The Mouth of the River La Plata Laurence Bikker defcribes thus : ' rae Laurence Bik. ** Beyond the Cape Santa Maria (faith he) lies the flat Ifland Caftilhos, having wre of Ro ¢¢ featcea Treeupon it; buton the North fide a Rock, not unlike a decay’d Caftle Hels Plats. ¢e + the Southward of which appear two other Cliffs; direétly before the Mouth “Ties the ftonie Iland De Lobos, on which'nothing is to be found but Sea-Wolves ; “towards the Eaft a ftonie Bank runs a good way into the River, known by the “‘ breaking of the Water upon the fame. | } The Promontory Maria is low and barren, but within the fame the Land rifes high before the Ifles Flores and Maldonado, which laft hath a good fandy Shore, Har- bor, and frefh Water between the Rocks; but Flores rifing with two Hills, pro- duces nothing but Brambles. | | The Stream Solis alfo difcharges its Waters in La Plata, near the! Place where the Mountain Seredo lies. ; The left Shore of La Plata begins at the Promontory Antonio, and is cut through by the Rivers Ortis and Los Sanétos, where the Town, Buenos Ayres is built on a {mooth Shore. . . atwtin dt Martin del Barco proceeding in the Defcription of La Plata, faith that it is dan- fcription of Alu ei ei, The Devil hath fetch’ d him away. Ai eimi ruaju inchio, Will you keep him company ° Ailan, No, I will not. Bien, I will. Chile quecken neieim tania, Have you any thing to give us to eat ? Cancan achawal, Yes, 1 have roafted Hens. : Mu wy, How many ? Munalei enchintavia, There will be chough for us. Chuben putuayn; Where fhall we Drink ? Aile Mangunmeinis, thank you. Chuben domo trivo, What Woman is this > Inchi tan curi, It is my Wife. Ni nave, My Daughter. Ni domo, My Concubine. Alei teminigei vei domo, It is a handfom Woman. Qui pangnet, Come hither. Amotunge, Run away. Umatuayn, Let us go to Bed. Utajuca, Let us rife. Wira cuchai compay tan mappumu, The Spani- ards are fall’n into this Countrey. Quipa waicha laimi, Shall we Fight toge- ther ? Watquenagelan, | have no Arms. Ima en pea in Waiqui, Follow me, and I will get Arms. Ali teum inche, 1am contented. The AMERICA y NS ’ \ The Seamen who went under Hendrick Brewer’s Command, Anno 1643. from - Brafile to Chili, brought the fore-mention’d Vocabulary along with them. | | Chili is look’d upon as no way inferior to any Countrey in America, enjoying a wholfom Air, fruitful Soil, and abundance of Inhabitants, who often furnifth Peru with Provifions ; which are the {peedier convey’d thither, becaufe the South- Winds always blow along the Coaft. | i The Peruvian Vice‘Roy keeps a Deputy to Govern here. It hath two Bifhop- ticks, viz. St. Jago and L’ Imperial. | | | Caine; Some ofthe Chile/es) are under the Spaniards Jurifdiction, and live in Huts : etn Others being wilder, defend their Freedom with the Sword, They have great Heads and flat Nofes: The Men continually pull out.the Hair on their Faces and . Privities with Shells, which they carty about cheir Necks for that purpofe, having beforehand. rubb’d the. Hair with warm Athes ; the Hair of their Heads hanging downwards is cut clofe as far as their Ears, the reft growing long, is ty’d with the Ribbon Tariwelonco, to which Perfons of Quality fix Silver Plates and Turkoifes - Some alfo cover their Heads with the Skins of Weazels, or the like Beatts, puttin the Head over their Foreheads, and the Tail down their Neck ; which kind of Co- vering they call Maniewelonco: Others wear Caps made after fome ftrange manner or other, | The Chilefes are not the talleft, but ftrong and well fet, betwixt a white and fallow colour: . Thofe that.are in the Spaniards Service, wear long Hair, by which they are diftinguifh’d from the fhorn.,Ucais, who do the Spaniards all the mifchief imaginable. The Women are for the moft part low of ftatmre, but of a ftrong Conftitution ; they go bare-headed, letting their Hair hang loofe over their Shoule . ders, except when they are indifpos’d, and then they tie itup: Butthole that dwell about Ca/tro wear Locks like our Englifh Ladies. In (oquimbo and Loquimbo they go after the fame manner asthe Peruvian, Women : All of them have thick black: Hair. Their Apparel, though mean, is neat: The Men wear wide Breeches girt about theit Waftes, and a piece of woollen Cloth, three Yards long and two broad,which having Chap. IL. e UA MER ICA. having a Hole in the middle, they put over their Heads, and {0 let it hang on their Shoulders, leaving their Arms and Legs bare ; bur'onFeftival Days they wear curious embroider’d Stockings. The Women Likewife cover themfelves. with the fame piece of Cloth, but after another manner, tying ic firft about their Middle, then let it down to the Ground, pinn’d before with Silver or Golden. Pins. their Heads, Breafts and Legs are uncover'd.; che Cloth itfelf is Rrip’d with red, hice. blue, and yellow, and fring’d at the edges, For an Example of their quick and eafie Labor, Hendrick Brewer relates, That: a Woman being Deliver’d in his Ship, within, an hus. after walk'd up and down the.Deck, and gave, the Child fuck. Some of them have fuch great, Breafts, that throwing them ¢ over their Shoulders they fuckle their Children, being ty’d at their Backs. ee Their Huts being low, are made of Straw, Canes, and “a ondh, ‘and not buile for one fingle Family ; for often thirty, fifty, a hundegt: or avhundred and twenty dwell under one Roof, and havea Governor, by them call’d Caraca. Their Houfholdftuf is little and mean, viz, two.or three Cans to keep their Li- quor Chica i in, Horn Cups, a Stone ahiccbies they grind their: Corn, and.one ortwo woodden Stools: The chiefeft of them alfoyufe Sheep-skins, which they fpread on the Ground. before, their Guefts. “They live without care, for they neither .Sowe nor Plane any more than will ferve them a Year. Their Riches confift:i in Cattel; of which they have no great plenty. About the beginning of Oétober a whole Town meets together to Plough and to Sowe, which the Men perform in two days time, thereft of the Work being left to the care of he Women ; for the Men never meddle with Reaping or Harvett. They eat and drink from Morning to Evening, when they do ‘not travel, for then they eat at fetetimes. Their Liquor, is. made of: Barley-Meal,-or Wheat -boyl’d in Water. On Feftival Days they drink Chica, Brew’d of Maiz chew’d by the Teeth of old Women. They likewile. aks a Liquor of the Fruit Mnni, which taftes like Madera Wine. Every Man Marries as many Wives as y can buy and maintain, for Maids and Their Mare Widows muft be fold by the Parents, who fer nota Price upon ae according to their Beauty or Quality, but shai skill in. managing Houfhold, Affairs, Their Marriages are perform’d after a ftrange manner: A Son having no Inheritance, lives on the Charity,of. his neareft Relations, who Prefent him, one with a Hog, another witha Cow, athird with a Sheep, . ‘nd a fourth withfomewhat elfe: thus entich’d, he goes to his Miftrefles Father, and hangs fome Turkoi/es.and Plates of Silver about his Neck, and acquainting him with. what Eftateyhe can make his Wife, he agrees as well as he can with his intended Father-in-law, to whom he gives ten, fifty, or a hundred Sheep, Oxen, Cows, Hogs, Horfes, Poultrey,a Coat, and fome Vellels full of Chica ; which cine, the Father leads his Daughter-ro. the Bridegroom’s s Houle, where hes is Entertain’d with Meat, but finds the Drink at his own Coft. Sonte days after the Celebration of the Wedding, the neareft Relati- ons come to congratulate the.young Marry’d Woman, and snDioneeG ing an, Epi- thalamium to their! Nuptial Deity Mayuapeante, all of them fitting onthe Ground on Sheep-skins. The Allies often sake away a Woman from her Husband, efpecially when he mifufes her ;.and if 2 Man kill his. Wife,her Death isreveng’d by her Relae tions. Perfons.of Quality build a Hut for every.one of heir, Wives, fending word to her, whom they havea mind. to enjoy :. They relpect one above the reft, who are in a manner but Slavefles, being forc’d to dovall the Drudgery. The Men are exceeding jealous and chollerick, cruelly beating their. Wives, if they chance bur to look. on another Man ; ‘aS if they take them inthe A& of Adultery, they im- mediately / 642 | AMERICA \ Chap. I. mediately kill them ; yet for all this they arenot Chafte, but very Libidinous,®AS$ {oon asa Woman is Deliver’d of a Child, fhe wafhes her felf and the Child in cold Water ; then kills a Lamb call’d Chiluraque, and makes a Feaft ; at which the het {elf eats and drinks freely amongft the reft, and the next day goes about her ufual Employment. | “a The Spaniards cell us, that their Women, if they continue long in this Countrey, © are more and more hardned by the Air, and are as little concern’d at the Birth of a Child as the Natives. 7 A Widow hath free leave to Marry again, provided fhe hath given to her Chil- dren part of what fhe hath; butif fhe Marry not, but return to her Parents, then fhe is highly efteem’d of. | at Both Men and Women wath themfelves in the Rivets in the coldeft Weather. They adore chiefly their Deity Pillan, and the Devil, who doth them much hutt. gin, ag They acknowledge no Refurreétion ,accounting long Life in this World the greateft burying sbeir ©OOd ; Wherefore when any one dies, the Friends and Relations makea doleful Deal. Cry, and fuffer the dead Body to lie three, nay, four Moneths before they bury them, ftuffing them full of ftrong {melling Herbs, to keep them from putrifying ': Three days before their Interrment the neareft Allies meet, kill a Sheep, make Merry, and throw the Body intoa Hole néar the Hut in which the Deceafed dwelt, putting alfo a piece of the flain Sheep, and a’ Jug full of the*Liquor Chica, into | the Grave. - sai | Concerning their Idol Pillan, to whom with ftrange Geltures they Sing divers Songs, they believe that he is a Spirit of the Air, and Governs all things on Earth. Some fuppofe him to be Thunder, and therefore they worfhip ‘him in a moft par- ticular manner when they hear it Thunder ; for then they ftick an Arrow and Stone Ax into the Ground, and take Arms into’their Hands; putting themfelves into a pofture as if they fhould fuddenly ‘be fet upon by a’ mighty Enemy, and look’d upon it heretofore as a fore-running of the Spaniards approach, whofe Cruele ties they exceedingly dreaded. Cty , They call all their Hero’s Pillans, and afcribe Divine powers to them. ‘Fhey take very much ftrong Tobacco, the Smoak whereof puffing in the Air with ftrange Geftures, they cry, Receive this, O'Pillan. \ i ; isi on When they return home Conquerors from any ‘Vidory,* they put a Stone Ax fons, into the Ground, and ftanding Arm’d round about the fame, Drink exceedingly, and fing a Song in honor of Pillan, They ufe their Prifoners very cruelly, for _ forcing them to Dance and make Merry ambngft them, they on a fudden’ cleave their Heads with an Ax, pull their Hearts out of their Bodies, and bite the«fame wich their Teeth. After ‘the fame manner they punifh their: Robbers and: Traitors ; but thofe that have’good ftore of (ica to Prefer the Governors’ with, . e(cape the Execution’! Yet this cannot buy off Sorcerers or Witches, who are without mercy burnt alive, with all they’enjoy’d.*: ‘ Then. Fe They have no Priefts, not any that pretend 'to’any religious Fundtion ; onely * serv — = - -— | Se Se * 2 ew ager et ee =. - : nel ] t =! } i | —_— —_ ie a a. > = — ros . thofe that can Sing the Pawary well, are in great efttem amongft them. | Their fecond Deity Marnapeante (they fay) informs them in a Dream when they muft Marry ; but he doth not do them this kindnefs before they have made thems felves Drunk, and fung Sonnets'to his praife, . ero Deenye" This Countrey is Govern’d by prime Perfons;'call’d Ulmen, or peculiar Lords, call’d Curacen. The Ulmens and (uracens Command twenty five, lometimes fifty, , a hundred Families : Their Power confifts in calling allthe People together, and confulting with them about State-Affairs, which they dare not do with any parti- cular Chap. If. , A MERIC ZA. C43 cular Perfon, hor Levy any Tax without extraordinary oé¢afion. They are bound to march in the Front of their Subjeéts againftan Enemy, and are under a Gover- nor-General call’d Apocurace, or undera Nentogue. Other. lefler Offices are difpos’d of by the Curaces, or Pulmes ; but their Netonques are chofen after this manner, viz, The thanher When that honorable Place is vacant, then whoever aims at it, computes with him. fis the Nentog ue, felf whether his Means will extend fo far as to treat the Curaces and Pulmenes with a noble Treat » which ifhe is able to do, then he fends for themto an appointed place, whither they all go Arm’d, and whileft they are eating and drinking, he that defires the Place begins to tell them of his noble Extract, valiant Exploits, Riches, and eminent Relations, and therefore defires the Place of the deceafed Nentoque : then the (wrace rifing, the intended Nentoque’hangs a Chain of Turkoifes, or Cockle- fhells about his Neck; whereupon the (urace moves the reft to the Eleétion, ‘without any Articles, the new Nentoque onely promifing to Govern all things for the beft advantage and benefit of the common State : which done, the Curace takes the’ Chain of Turkoifes, and diftributes them amongft the primeft Perfons of Qua- - lity, and fo they end the Day in Drinking, Dancing and Singing. After the fame manner they chufe an Apocurace, or prime Governor. which of late the Uca’s, that they may enjoy the more: Priviledge themfelves, have not elected, The Chilefes Arms confift of Lances as long again as the Europeans, made their Arms: fharp at the Points, They alfo ufe Clubs plated with Iron, and Spanifh Swords. The Pulches, who dwell behind the high Mountains Cordilbra, ufe poyfon’d Arrows, make Helmets and Breaftplates of Ox-hides, which neither Sword nor Arrow can enter: they all know how to manage a Horfe,and theufe of a Lance, bur are very much afraid of Mufquets or Fireslocks. Becaufe they can neither write nor read, the Governor by a faithful Meffenger fends to his inferior Officers fuch Commands as he judges may tend to the moft advantage of the Publick both in Peace and Wat. This Meflenger carries an Arrow with 4 Ribbon, as a Sign of his Employment; the Arrow is held in the Right-hand, and-if he who receives it will an{werthe Meflage, then he fends back the fame Arrow with another ; but if he judgesic convenient to acquaint any other (uraces and Pulmenes with the fame Meflage, then he fends one of his own Servants to them with the fame Arrow. As touching the Climate and Production of Chili, this Account is given by an A particular Account of Eye-witnels: “The Winter Seafon (faith he) is fo tempeftuous, that fometimes “- “the Trees are not onely blown up by the Roots, but che Barth it (elf is rent afun- ‘der, fome Valleys being fill’d with Snow, {well the Rivers exceedingly when ‘it melts, which overflowi@™ part of the Countrey, makes the fame very fruicful. “* Tt is alfo extream cold here, becaufe fuch fharp Winds blow from the Moun2 “‘tains, that they pierce through the Skin and Flefh of aMan: and indeed thefe ‘* Winds would make the whole Countrey defolate, were not the Mountains over- “* grown with great Oaken Trees, againft which the Wind breaks. Moreover, the *€ Valleys produce Coals, which ferve the Inhabitants for Fewels The Winter bee “‘ reaves the Trees of Leaves; but not thofe which grow in the Wilderneffes. In ““*March the Fields are full of innumerable forts of {weet-fmelling Flowers, out of “fome whereof are boyl’d the Angel-Water, fo call’d for its fmell and-wholfom _“ cafte. The Grafs*grows in November and December as high as our ftanding Corn, “'Turnips, Mint, Clover, and Muftard-feed, grow naturally for feveral/Leagues “together. Likewife excellent Phyfical Herbs grow here, whofe power and ope. “ Fation their Doctors, call’d Maci, keep from the Spaniards. Thefe Maci are in great i" a. ** efteem . < 644 AMERICA. : Chap. IT. “ efteem, not onely amongft the (hilefes, but alfo the Spaniards, for their great skill ‘in Phyfick. Amongft thefe Herbs the chiefeft is call’d Quincia-mali which grows “ but half a handsebreadth above the Ground, and {preads into feveral Stalks “like a Nofegay ; and on each Stalk is a Saffron-colour’d Flower. This Herb pull’d up with the Root, and boy!’d, and the Decoétion given to any one that is ‘¢ bruis’d within, works moft wonderfully, for it draws out the putrifi’d Blood, “ though funk never fo deep in the Wound. Moreover the Juice of (alen is alfo “very healing, if us’d for an Ointment,or pour’d on any Wound. This Herb,by the ‘¢ Spaniards call’d Albaciga, hath fweet-fmelling Leaves, and a tall Body. In fome “ places allo grows an Herb, not unlike Grafs, which boyl’d in Water, immedi- “¢ arely cures the Feaver and Spleen, and cleanfes the Blood. There are likewile “© Medicineshere, which diffolving the Stone in the Bladderior Kidneys, caufe it.to ‘be urin’d forth. The Plane Lace, which grows out of rented Rocks which are “¢ often overflow’d by the Sea, makes a fort of well tafted Bread. . The Wildernefs Atacama, which makesa Boundary betwixt Pergand Chili, extends Northward ninety Leagues, is dry and barren in Summer, and inthe Winter ex- ceeding cold, and cover'd with Snow. No Provifion is to be found upon it, except a few wild Sheep, call’d Guenacos. About the middle thereof the Brook La Sal rifing in the Eaftern Mountains, flows Weftward through a deep Valley to the Southern Ocean. ° | egrae The Water of the fore-mention’d Brook put into any Veficl, immediately turns Peruto chili. to Salt, and all along the Shore lie greater or leffer pieces of Salt ; fo that the Way from Peru to Chili through Atacama 1s very troublefom : bur that which leads thi- ther over the {nowy Mountains Andes, 1s much worfe, becaufe it is farther about, and threatens the Traveller with Deftruction, if he obferye not the right Seafon of the Year ; for in the Winter there blows fuch.a cold Wind on thefe Mountains,that a Man,being fuddenly benumm’d, falls down dead on the Ground, and grows ftift againft all putrefaction. Fofeph de Acofta tells.us, that Bodies have been. found there as firm and found, as if they had been living, which had fome years before breath’d their laft on the faid Mountains. | f But Diego Almagro, who firlt difcover’d (hili, Anno 1536, went thither with two Companies of Horle, and five hundred Foot, through the, Countreys, Charcas,Chicas, Xuxayes, and (haquana, and having pafs’d over a craggy Soil and the {nowy Moun- tains Andes, he entredinto. the firft Chilean Valley Capayapo, having loft. no {mall number of Men and Horfes with Hardfhip and Cold ; the inconvenience there- fore of both the fore-mention’d Ways between, Peru and Clult, forc’d Travellers to nes y go along the Shore wafh’d by the Southern Ocean. Copayapo bears that Denomis« ration frosa the Turkoifesw hich a Mountain. produces there.in great, abundance. The Valley it felf is the fruitfulleft of all Chili ; for inno place the Maiz, grows bete tet, and in greater abundance than here, the Ears being halfa Yard long, and the Stalks the length of 2 Lance; each Grain that is Sow’n, yields at leaft three hun- dred in Harveft. All Spanifh Fruits grow better here than in Spain. | Through the midi of (opayapo runs a River of the fame Denomination, and twenty Leagues in length from the Andes, and at its Mouth hath.a.convenient:-Har- bor before the South Sea. 7 : The South part of Copayapa borders the Valley Guafco, which is lefs fruitful than the firft, bue hatha convenient Haven, into which falls. frefh*River, penn’d inby Sluces for the watering of the Cane-Fields. Moreover, there are. plenty of Pare tridges ; alfo wild Sheep and grey Squirreleskins are of a great value. To the Southward flow alfo the Rivers Maypo, (bacha Pool, Loro, and Moule. Beyond | Chap. Ie st eA MERLOA. - 645 Beyond thefe Streams Eaftward, the Promouca’s dwell near the Monntains Andes, _ Inthe Valley (bili, which gives Denomination to the whole Countrey, were formerly the famous Gold-Mines Quillatas, from whence Valdivia, Anno 1544, cat- ry dan invaluable Treafure. The South Sea makes here a large and convenient Harbor forall manner of Veftels, built cwo Leagues below the City Serena, ata lit- ‘tle River, which fo moiftens the low Countrey, that it produces all manner of Plants. Itrainshere not above three times ayear. , From the Entertainment which Sir Francis Drake met withal here; may*fufhci- ently be conjectur’d the Power of Serena; for when the Englifh Landed here for Water, they were driven away not without great lofs by three hundred Caftilian Horfe, and two hundred Foot that Sally’d out of the City. The Mines, though they inclofe much Gold, yet they produce but little, becaufe the Spaniards, accord- ing to the teftimony of a Chilean Pilot, whom Oliver van Noort took Prifoner, de- ftroy’d all the ancient Inhabitants that fhould have help’d them to dig the Gold. | The City St. Fago, lying nearthe Stream Topocalma, receives great benefit by the Haven Valparay(o, which makes the foreemention’d River, becaufe in that Haven all Goods that come from Lima are unladen, and the Goods fhipp’d aboard. The ‘Countrey about the fame produces plenty of Wines, Apples, Corn, and all forts of -Cattel, and efpecially Horfes in fuch abundance, that thoufands of them run wild. In Valparayfo Sit Francis Drake took a Ship from Valdivia, laden with two thou- * ~fand five-hundred Bars of fine Gold. But the Netherland Admiral, Joris Spilbergen, had not fuch good fuccefs, who Sailing thither with five Ships, Anno 1615. difco- ver'd a Spanifh Ship in the Harbor ; where fending his Boats well Mann’d to fetch off a Veffel that lay hal’d on the Shore,they found it burning,and thereupon Steer’d their Courfe intoa little Inlet full of Rocks, which ferv’d the Spaniards in ftead of Breafteworks ; for lying behind them, they fir’d continually on the Hollanders ; yet Spilbergen Landing with two hundred Men, met a confiderable number of Spanifh Soldiers, and Horfes drawn out on the Shore, from whom they foon fled. | Before the City La Conception lies the Ifland Quiriquyna, whofe Straw Huts Spilber- gen laid in Afhes. At the time when Oliver van Noort came toan Anchor here, the Governor Frans cifcus de Quinones Commanded feven hundred Spanifh Soldiers to reduce the revolted Chilefes. | Four Leagues from Conception lie the rich Gold-Mines Quilacoya, which formerly produc’d great Riches. Over againft the Valley Arauco, which rifes out of the Sea, lies the Ifland Maria, in a large Inlet made by the force of the Waves. Here grows abundance of Wheat and Barley. The Rivers alfo afford plenty of Fifh, amongft which there is one call’d The Lake-Spider, in whofe Eyes are to be feen little Specks, which would exceed Pearl, if they were but hard enough, Two Spaniards Command forty Nativeson Maria, and keep them in fuch flavery, that they may neither eat Apples, Pears, Grapes, Poultrey, or Sheep, though they are there in great abundance. | . Elias Herkmans was once in probability to have taken poffeiion. of this Ifland for the Netherland State, had he not been prevented by an extraordinary occafion, Between the Towns Conception and Imperial lie the Provinces Arauco, Tucapel, and Puren, inhabited by a valiant People, that often alarm the Spaniards. In each Proe vince Valdivia built a Fortin thé Year 1551. eight Leagues diftant from one another. He alfo difcover’d the rich Gold-Mines De Ongol, and builtthe Fort Confines there. The Natives hereabouts being exceedingly oppreft by the Spaniards, fell upon On. nn the 646 | AMERICA. ‘Chap. If. | the Fortin Puren, where thofe in the Garrifon, unable to defend themfelves,” went valdivia ta- to Tycapel, and ftom thence to Aranco, to Settle there. Valdivia matching with three ken ; rifoner, and crucly hundred Men to the Caftle in Tucapel, was fo fiercely aflaulted at the River Leto, bythe fadians that all his Men were kill’d, and he himfelf being taken Prifoner, had melted Gold pour’d downhis Throat: One Boy onely efcaping, brought the news to thofe in Garrifon in the Fort Arauco, who fled to La (onception, as thofe from Paren'to Imperial. Not long after the Lieutenant Francifco de Villagra went with a hundred and fixty Soldiers to Raquetta, 2 Promontory againft thé South Sea in Arauco, to take Re- venge for the Death of his General Valdivia ; but he alfo had like to have follow’d the {amie fate, for he left ninety fix Men behind him, and with much ado recover’d La Conception: By which means the victorious Chilefes came to be fo mtich fear’d, that the Spaniards forfook the Towns Rica, St. Jago, and (onfines; and fortifi’d them- | felves ftrongly in Lnperial, rf ities, Concerning Arauco, it isa fmall County, twenty Leagues long and feven broad. The Inhabitanes thereof are ftrangely valianc ; thoft that inhabit the Mountains are call’d Pulches, and are generally of a duller Spirit than thofe that dwell in the Val- leys ; all of them ufe long Pikes, Halberds, Bowes and Atrows, Helmets, and Breaftplates of Deer-skins, in the Wars; they know when to clofe and open their Ranks, and ftand in good order according to Martial Difcipline, which makes the Spanifh King receive little benefit from Arauco, though it is full of rich Mines, be- caufe thofe in Garrifon being five hundred in number, dare not ‘come ott of their Fort. —“ To Arauco belongs the Ifland La Mocha, low on the North fide, and rocky on the South ; againft which the Ocean breaks its Billows’: in the middle of it rifes a {plic Mountain, out of whofe Gap flows a frefh Brook ; the fruitful Soy! produces abundance of Pumpeons, Maiz, Potato’s, and all manner of delicious Frnit, as alfo Oxen, Sheep , and other Cattel, which go gtazing up and down in great Herds; the Village that is upon it boafts about fifty Huts, built long of Straw, with a Door in the middle, and round like an Archon the top. Sir Francis Drake and Candifh were formerly fomewhat roughly Entertain’d here. by the Inhabitants: but they fhew’d themfelves fomewhat mote civil to the Dutch van Xoor's Admirals, Oliver van Noort and Joris Spilbergen: The firft coming to an Anchor here fal Anno 1600. put one John Clae/zoon (Condemn’d for fome great Crime to be Landed Sls on fome ftrange Place) afhore on La Mocha, with a few Trifles ; for which being kindly Entertain’d, the Seamen refolv’d to go afhore the next day, who were like- wife civilly Treated. The Governor of Mocha coming aboard, Lode’d a Night in the Ship, and afterwards conducted the Admiral through the Village, but forbad the Seamen from entring any of the Huts ; out'of which the Women upon the heating of a fudden noife, came running out, and kneel’d down on the Ground in three Parties, whileft an old Matron came forth with a Pitcher full of Chica, and gave each of the Netherlanders a'Cup full to drink, fitting oBlocks in'the Fiélds. A Man Marries as many Wives here as he can maintain. ‘They all live peacea- ‘bly one with another, and go Cloth’d with a pair of Breeches, and Frock without Sleeves, The Women tie their Hair in Braids about ‘their Heads, bat the Men let it hang down carelefly. 7 ; es ; Fifteen years after Spilbergen Landing here with four well Mann’d Boats, ‘found the Shore full of People, who had brought all manner of Provifions' to barter againft Axes and Knives. ‘The Iflanders'going aboard, wondred'to {ee the Soldiers _ drawn out in order, and much more when a Gun was fir'd : They furnifh’d ‘the Fiollanders with a hundred Sheep, amongft which was one with an extraordinary long Neck, and Legs, Hair, Mouth, and Back like a Cammel. The Y hap. t¥,* -. AMERICA. The Netherland Admiral, Hendrick Brewer, coming to an Anchor on the Coaft of Guadalanquen, Anno 1643. was inform’d by the Chilefes; thac about four years be- fore they had burnt Baldivia, murder’d the Spaniards that were in Garrifon, and pour'd melted Gold down the Governor’s Throat and into his Ears, and madea Drinking-Cup of his Scull, and Trumpets of his Shinsbones.” Brewer alfo found fome Ruines of the City, which formerly boafted four hundred and fifty Houfes, and was nor yet fo utterly defac’d, but thatthe two Markets and crofs Streets were plainly to be feen, and the Walls gave fufficient teftimony of its ancient luftre. The Couatrey round about produces Wheat and Barley ; neither are there any Mines to be found that produce finer Gold than thofe which: are hereabouts. In the Mouth.of the River which runs to Baldivia, lies a {mall Ifle, the Men whereof are gro{s and fat, and {pend their time in Drinking and Dancing, whileft the Wo- men do all the Work. About the City Oforno, though lying under a cold Climate, is a'Soil fall of Gold-Mines, where above two thoufand Chilefes are under the fubjeétion of the Spaniards. _ Since Teanis Swarte-Teun conquer’d and ruin’d this Place with {mall Forces uns der Spilbergen’s Command, it hath not yet repait'd its Lofles: The Ruines of great Buildings are fufficient teftimonies of its former {plendor. On the ucmoft Point of the Ifland, on which Ofornois built, lies the Village Carel- Mappo, burnt by Hi. Brewer, An, 1643. for he Landing fixty fix Men here, under the Command of the Enfign Blawewenbaen, they Engag’d with ninety Spaniards, who bee took themfelves to. the Woods, leaving fix Men aud fifteen Horfes behind them. b The Sea-Coaft of Chile lies as followeth : Ic begins onthe North with the Val- c ley Copayapo, runs Southerly to the Haven Coquimba, and makes the large Inlet Acon- gayo ; the convenient Harbor Quintero, at the Mouth of the River Concagua; is alfo to the Southward. | Next Quintero follow the Havens Valparayfa, Topocalma, and Penco, known by fe- -veral Mountains cover’d with Snow, The Stream Labapi difembogues alfo in the Bay Aranco, where the Sea wafhing over the Shore, makes good Salt. On the Shore of the River Lebo, Garcias. Mendoza built the Town Canete, which not long after was deferted, by reafon of the Wars with the Chilefes. From the Haven Carneroa Channel runs to the City (onfines: alfo the River Cauten makes a convenient Harbor before the City Imperial. Next appear the Streams Tolten, Queule, Valdivia, Chabin, and Bueno, and near the Promontory Gallego, (hili ends to the South. Eaftward up into the Countrey lies the great Province Twcuman, inhabited by the three forts of People, viz. Juries, Diagnitas, and Tucumans, froma whom the Countrey bcanndn receives its Denomination, and juts Northward againft the Chicas, belonging to the rich PlateeCountrey Potofi, Eaftward towards the Province La Plata, and Weftward towards the South Sea. | The Ground about the City St. Jago del Eftero, formerly call’d Vares, being the Bifhop’s See ,and Refidence of the Governors, is brackifh and fandy, The Citi- zens are moft of them Weavers ; the Natives go Cloth’d, and are of an affable Temper and Difpofition. The River Eftera yearly overflows the Countrey, which being dung’d with Mud, produces abundance of Maiz, Barley; Wheat, and all manner of Fruits. The Stream Salado runs the fame Courfe as the Effera, from the Weft to the Eat through a Plain-Countrey, but hath brackifh Water, and abundance of Fifh. Be- Nnn 2 _ tween | Ste es AMERICA. Chap. II; tween both thefe Rivers the Inhabicants get plenty of Honey, Wax, Cotton, and (ochenile. Cattel alfo increafesin abundance, as likewife Deer, and other Venifon : and for Fowl, Partridges, Pigeons, andthe like ; but the Tygers and Lyons do much mifchief to the Inhabitants. Their chief Commodities for Trade and Mer- chandife are Cloth, Cotton and Salt. © Gatcias Mendoza built the Towns Newva Londres in the Province Calchaqui, and Gors duba in the Territory of the Juries, but they were both of them foon deferted. Behind Peru and La Plata the Plains Omaguaza extend themfelves along the Ri- vers Paraguay and Bermeio, under a temperate Climate, where the Inhabitants go Clothed, and keep abundance of Cattel. Produtos [ty moft places hereabouts breed wonderful large Baboons, with long Tails and of the Coun- " f ‘ ney, and Na- Beards ; which being wounded, pull the Arrows out of the Wound, and throw Poole. bak the fame with a grim Countenance at thofe that fhoot them. The Serpents are likewifle fo big here, that they {wallow whole Deer. The Rivers breed horrid Crocodiles; and the Woods, Lyons and Tygers. The Inhabitants differ both in their Cuftoms and Language : the generality of them are continually Drunk. They keep yearly a great Feaft, to reconcile the Souls of their Predeceffors to them; to which purpofe they bring as many roafted Oftriches as they have Souls to Offer to; then Drink three days after, and on the laft they carry the Head of a fair Virgin’ (who freely offers her felf to be kill’d) about the Town, making a fad and lamentable noife for the {pace of an hour ; at the end of which they all begin to laugh, and oftentimes fall a killing one quotes which Cuftom is moft obferv’d amongft the Matarani. The Abipones go naked in Summer, and in the Winter Clothe themfelves with Furrs ; they Paint their whole Bodies with Spots likethe Tygers, Carve their Bo- dies allover, making Cut-work of their Skins, into which they ftick Oftriches - Feathers, as alfo through their Noftrils, Lips, and Ears, and account Baldnefs the greateft Beauty. They honor thofe fk their Gods, who patiently endure unfuffe. rable Tortures. The Women hang their Faces and Breafts full of Pearls: They never bring up above two Children, for they kill all above that number. The Planies range up and down without Habitations under the open Skie, The Giants Tobae {peak a curious Language, but are very falvage and cruel. Anno 1571. Erouaca, a prime Man amongft them, devour’d his own Sifter, Wife, Mother, and Children. When they defign to go a Journey, they roaft their Sons and Daughters, to ferve them for Provifions in ftead of other Flefh ; and their Sick are upon the leaft Complaint bury’d alive. The Caaguiaares, who dwell in Huts in great Woods, feed on Woorms, Mice, Apes, Tygers, and wild Honey ; moft of them are bunch- back ‘d, and g° clad with the Skins of wild Beafts. Y eet 5H) ‘Chap. Tit, AMERICA ats ch fe, obs thy chy cts shy cts ety cts. cts ats ot fs chs . e! ony ee e peu ee . 2. j . SITET TES SS Se Se SS Se ee ey Se he rs a rh os co he CHAP. Ill. | Magellanica, 7 N Ferdinand Magaglianus is wrongly call’d Magellanica ; to which feveral Voya- ges have been made by fundty People from the North-Sea tothe Sou- thern Ocean, divers Steering ftill new Courfes: for fome follow’d the Straights of Magellan, others Sail’d more or lef{s South-Weft : By which means Le Mair open’d a new Paflage between Mauritius and the States-Ifland ; and H. Brewer, a Way below the States-Ifland; yet all Steer'd their Courle Wefterly,fo that none. of them return’d the {ame Way, except Elias Herkmans and Capt, Ladrillero, the lattof whom coming from Chili to go to the North-Sea, met with fuch Storms, that he was fore’d ro Tack about, and ftand back again to Chili, as Herkmans did from Chili to Brafile. Anno 1579. Peter Sarmiento weigh’d Anchor with two Ships, and Sailing from as Amber; difcover'd in one Inlet eighty five Ifles, moft of them defolate, founded all the Havens, found abundance of Oyfters with Pearls in them, call’d anInlet Fran. ci{co, and a Mountain on the right-hand, Punta de la Gente Rubra, becaufe the Inha- habitants thereof painted their Bodies red, found the Havens Mifericordia and Cans delaria, and the Ifland Sataynes,. where five of the Natives gave him an Account.of Sit Francis Drake, for whom he Cruis’d, and had fight of a faowy Mountain, whofe top vomited Fire. On the Promontory Ana he ereéted a woodden Crofs, and laida Writing under the fame, wherein he advertis’d all Perfons to take no- tice, that Pope Alexander the Sixth had freely given the King of Spain all the Couns treysthereabouts, Not long after he Steer'd through the Straights of Magellan along the Coaft of Brafile, to Spain, Concerning the Sea-Coaft, which extends from (Chili to Magellanica, it is as fol- loweth : Next to the Promontory Felis lie Gypriaen, Clara, Cabo de las I/las, the Ifland Socora, the Haven Domingo, the Point Gallego; the Road Stevan, the Cape Andres, and Ochavario, andthe Valley Nueftra Sennora, between two Hills, Along the Southern Ocean lie Abra de San Guillen, Punta del Gada, Los Reyes, Innocentes, Auguftine, Roia, Cas talina, Amaro, and Vsctoriano ; before which the three Iles call’d ‘The Sorlings, are feen in the Mouth of the Straights againft the South Sea. Magaglianus Steering hither, Winter’d within the Straights in an Inlet call’d St. Fue lian, ftay’d two Moneths before the Mouth of the River Santa (ruiz, where hetook abundance of Fifh, and from thence ran along the Shore to the Promontory Las Virgines, which receiv'd that Denomination, becaufe it was difcover’d on the Day Confecrated to St. Ur/ula and her eleven thoufand Virgins : Going a League up into the Countrey,he found a Hut,in which above two hundred dead Bodies were bury’d after a ftrange manner, and onthe Shore a great Whale, driven ‘on the Sands by a Storms He nam’dthe Countrey to the Southward, Terra del Fuego, becaufe from the Promontory Severino in the Niglit he elpy’d {evéral Fires. He was exceedingly des lighted with the pleafant Coafts on each fide of the Straights, which were the more pleafant, by reafon of feveral Hills overgrown wich {weet-fmelling Trees, whofe tops lay cover’d with Snow. : Non 3 Magaglianus Orthward againft Chili and Rio de la Plata juts the Countrey, which from esis lanica. The _Sea= Coaft from Chili to Ma- gellanica, tal Voya~ ss tO Magel- Sarmi- sE xpe- Callao de Lima through the Straights of Magellan to Spain, ran by the Ifles Felix and itica. 650 AMERICA Chap. II. The Exped Magaglianus was follow’d, Anno 1525. by Garcias Loayfa, who Sailing into the cia Loni, Straights near the Promontory Virgines, endut’d great Colds; inthe Haven St, and others Gross he found ftore of green Cinamon : The People be reported to be of fo monftrous a ftature, that they might well be accounted Giants; fome of whom went naked, others wore a Net of Feathers made faft about hele Watftes, and others a loofe Garment allover their Bodies. Loa/a gave this Countrey, inhabited by Giants, the Denomination of Terra del Patagoni. He judg’d the Straights of Magellan to be a hundred and ten Spanifh Miles long between the two Promontories, Virgines at the North Sea, and Defeado at the Southern Ocean. Within lie three Inlets, which have feven Leagues in breadth. Simon Alcazova Bailing hither nine years after Loay/a, fhunn’d the Land on the left-fide of the Straights, becaufe it lay moft under Water, and was forc’d by his Men to returm to the Haven Leones, where he and all his Seamen were put to death. Not long after the Bifhop of Placentia fitted out three Sail, which « entring the Straights, Anno 1540. loft their Admiral ; the Vice-Admiral Wintering at the In- let Las Zorras, (fo call’d, becaufe they took many Foxes on a Champain Countrey without Trees) return’d to Spain without any farther fuccefs: the third Ship with much ado arriv’d alfo at Arequipa. the Voyags The Englifh Captain, Richard Hawkins, alfo Sailing hither, found the Land on ott wed the South fide of the Straights, moft broken, and in fome places a few Huts. Th Anno 1578. Six Francis Drake Sailing hither along the Coaft of Brafile, Landing on an Ifland in che Mouth of the Straights, kill’d above three thoufand Birds. Sail- ing from hence he was miferably tofs’d in the South Sea, and difcover’d about the middle of the Straights, that the Current out of the Sourhtrn and Northern Ocean met at the place where a great Bay bends Southwardly: To three Ifles he gave the Name of Elizabeth, Bartholomew, and George, and drove three Weeks without making any Sail, in fnowy, mifty, and rainy Weather, falling amongft dangerous Rocks, and atlaft Anchor’d in the Haven Health, which he fo call’d, becaufe his fick arid wearied Men being refrefh’d there, he fet Sail from thence and return’d home. Captain Thomas (andifh following Sir Francis Drake eight years after, found near a Creek within the City Philip-ftadt, built there by the Spaniards, to fecure the Pat fage out of the Northern tothe Southern Ocean for themfelves ; to which purpofe they held four hundred Men in Garrifon in the {aid City, which lying near a pleas fant Wood, was defended by four Bulwarks, each fortifi’d with a Brafs Gun: But the Spaniards not being able to endure the Cold, nor get in their Harveft, which was continually f{poil’d by the Natives, were £8 pinch’d with Hunger, ha after three years ftay many of them dy’d in their Houfes, which caus’d a filthy Stink, and confequently a vile Diftemper, not unlike the Small-pox,; at laft twenty three ofthem, amongft whom were two Women, judg’d it convenient to bury their great Guns, and marchaway with their Mufquets ; a whole Year they travell’d in great want, feeding on the Leaves of Trees, wild Roots, and Fowls which they now and then kill’d ; at laft they refolv’d to travel by Land to Rio de la Plata, but never any news was heard what became of them, onely one Spaniard, call’d Ferdi- nand, being ftray’d fromthe reft, was taken by (andifh, to whom he gave the foree mention’d Relation. Candifh entring Philip-ftadt, found a Gibbet, on which’ hung a Malefactor in Chains, a Church, the Houfes full of famifh’d Bodies, and four Brafs Guns, which he digg’d out of the Ground. From hence he ran to a frefh- water River (which difembogues into the Straights,) whofe Banks are inhabited by cruel Cannibals, and the Countrey all about plain Pafture Grounds, whereas moft part Chap: Ill. A MER ICA. part of the Shore in the Straights is very mountainous. Candifh Landing, found Spanifh Knives and Stilletto’s amongft the Man-eaters, and lay a whole-Moneth at Anchor in the weftern Mouth of Magellanica, by reafon of great Storms, feeding on Mufsles, Cockles, and Fowl; and from thence Sail’d about the World, Teturning home at laft with a Booty of twenty Tun of Gold. © Fi oe Anno 1599. Simon de Cordes Commanding five Netherland Velfels, entring the Straights of Magellan, found in the green Bay, Mufsles of a Span long, abundance of Ducks and Geefe, and a gteat many Trees not unlike Lautel, they being onely bigger, and had a fharp biting Shell. The Wind blew exceeding hard here over the Rocks, infomuch that they were fometimes driven from four Anchors. A few Moneths after Oliver van Noord follow’d Cordes, and Anchor’d near the Pinguyn Iles, the biggeft whereof is calll’d Caftemme, and the leaft Talke., the Inhabi- tants thereof dwell in Caverns under Ground, and feed on the Birds Pinguyns, of whofe Skins they make Mantles. Thefe Birds weigh generally fifteen or fixteen Pound, have black Backs, white Bellies, very thick Skins, long-Bills like Ravens, fhort thick Necks, two plum’d Fins in ftead of Wings, black Feet like a Goole, and delicate Flefh, notwithftanding they feed on-Fifh, after which they fwim very {wift with the fore-mention’d Fins, which hang down on each fide along*their Bo- dies when they walk upright on theShore ; they fit generally four together in their Holes, made after fuch a manner, that a Man which knows not of them, may ere he be aware, fink up to the Knees in the fame, and be bitten terribly by the Legs. Cordes his Seamen got in two hours time above nine hundred of thefe Birds, whileft he difcover’d the falvage People Enoo, which inhabit the Countrey Co/si, and are di- vided into the Families Kemenetes, Kennekas, and Caraike ; the firft inhabited. the Werritory Carray ; the fecond Caramay ; andthe third, Morine : all of them Paint their-Cheeks and Forehead. Farther into the Countrey dwell che Trimenes, a gi gantick fort of People, eleven Foot high, who maintain continual Wars with their Weighbors. | Moreover, Noord difcover’d feveral Inlets full of Ice and freth Water in the Straights of Magellan, whither the United Netherlands have fince fent the Admirals William Schouten, Joris Spitbergen, and Jaques le Heremite. The common opinion, that the Countrey on the South fide of Magellan is of the Main Continent, Experience hath manifefted ; for Schouten found the fame, Anno 1616. who Sailing from Porto Defire, left the Straights of Magellan on the right-hand, and Sail’d Southerly through whitifh Water, and in fifty four Degrees difcover’d a Channel cight Leagues broad, through which ran a ftrong Currert. The Coaft rofe with high Mouns tains, whofe tops were cover'd with Snow. The utmoft Point was call’d Mauritius, from the Prince of Orange ; the broken Coaft on the other fide, The States-J/land . and the Straights it felf, Le Maire, upon the Requeft of the Merchant Jacob Le Maire, whofe Father J/aac-was chief owner of the two Ships of which Schouten was Com- mander, who found fomany Whales here, that he could {carce Steer clear of them, they {wimming by hundreds in a Shoal. The Sea-pies, much bigger than Swans, fuffer’d themfelves to be caughe by the Hands of the Seaemen. Moreover he call’d the barren grey Rocks, and others leffer, lying North-Eaft from the Promontory Fhoorn, Barnevields Iles. Sailing beyond the Point Hoorn, he was tols’d by the vat Billows that came rowling out of the Weft. _ It was.no fooner nois’d abroad, that the Netherlanders had found the Straights Le Maire, but the Spanifh King Philip immediately fent two Carvels thither, under the Command of Garcias de Nodal, who took anexa@ Account of the Heads,Roads, and Inlets belonging to the fore-mention’d Straights, and return’d without perfor- ming any other Exploits, Diego 6s Tae Bird Pinguyn, Great Difco- veries of the Netherlanders about the Magellan Straights, Diego Flores his unfuccefs- ful Voyage to twenty thre the Straigrs of Adagellan. AMERICA. Chap. II: Diego Flores Steer’d four years before Candifh to the Straights of Magellan with e Sail of Ships, Mann’d- with three thoufand: five hundred Seamen, befides five hundred old. Netherland Soldiers, with which he unhappily weigh’d An- chor from (ales ; for before he got out of fight of the Spanifh Coaft, he loft five of his Ships and eight hundred Men; yet profecuting his Voyage, he ftay’d du- ring the Winter Seafon on the Coaft of Brafile, and was furpris’d by fo véigmenta Storm, near the Ifland Catalina, that a company of Women, fent under the Charge of Peter Sarmiento to Settle in the Straights of Magellan, were all caft away, with the sreateft part of the Ammunition and Provifions. The Englifh Admiral Fenton took three Ships of this Fleet from Flores, two were caft away in the River La Plata, and one ran back to Spain, whileft Flores came into the Straights of Magellan on the laft day of March, at which time the whole Countrey lay cover’d with Snow; wherefore feeing no hopes of finding out any place to Settle Sarmiento upon, he ftoad back with eight Sail to Brafile, and in his Return burnt three French Ships, took two more, and Sail’d home. But his Lieutenant Diego Ribera, and the Gover- nor Peter Sarmiento, Landed the Year after Flores his departure, with four hundred Men, thirty Women, and Provifions for eight Moneths, in the Straights of Magellan; from whence Ribera Sail’d back, whileft Sarmiento built on the North fide of the Mouth of the Straights, the Town Nombre de Jefus; and fifty Leagues farther in the narrowelt place, Philip-ftadt, with four Bulwarks; the Inhabicants of which (as is - before related) were deftroy’d by Famine. Defcription of Terra del Fngo. Terra del Fuego, already mention’d, oppofite to the Countrey of the Patagones, ly- inthe South between the Straights of Magellan, is a broken Countrey, with high Mountains full of Trees, and wath’d by pleafant Rivulets : four Foot deep inthe Ground it begins to be all Rocky. The Air is troubled with exceeding great Winds out of the Weft. The Inhabitants ate pale Countenanc’d, but Paine their Bodies with divers Colours , they have long, thick, and black Hair, and very fharp Teeth, the Men go ftark naked; the Women cover their fecret Parts with a piece of Leather, and wear Strings full of Shells about their Necks ; fomealfo Mantle | sae themfelves NC Chap. IV. © eh MERSICH themielves with the Skins of wild Beafts, which affords but little warmth againit the Cold that is herein Winter. Their Huts confift.of Trees, and are made round at bottom, and fharp on the top like a Tent, having onely.a Hole for the Smoak to go out at; they are digg’d three Foot deep into the Grotind,; and alfo: heap’d round with Earth ; within the Huts nothing isto be found buc Baskets with Fith- ing Utenfils and Stone Hooks. Their offenfive Arms. the Men-always carry about with them, becaufe they always maintain Wars with their Neighbors. - They han- dle a Quarter-ftaff very dexteroufly, are good Slingers and'Bowemen ; they alfo ufe Lances with fharp Stone Points, Moreéover they make Boats of the Bark of Trees, which they firft. cut out into.a Form, then fewing it: together, bow the {ame after the manner of a Boat, which rifes before and behind, and being fifteen ot fixteen Footlong, can carry: eight Men, going exceeding {wift. Thefe People are not onely beaftial in their Practices, but-alfo Murderers, | Laftly, befides the Straights. of Le\Maire, Henrick Brewer hath. found a new Paf- fage to the Eaftward above. the. States-I/land, out of the Northern Ocean’ to the South Sea. | ee hat ere eee CHAP. IV. The unknown South-Land. Ocean, which have been more feen than dilcover’d by divers Nations. o Oppofite to the Fa/t-India Mland Gilolo, lies Terra des Papous, to which Jacob Le Maire gave the Denomination of New Guinee. The Englifh Commander, Richard Hawkins, Sailing to the Southward behind Papou, found the Inhabicants black like Negro’s : round about appear feveral Ifles and convenient Harbors. Herrera places here on the Eaft, the Countrey Agnada, the Road St. Jago, the Ifland Los Crefpos, the Haven Andreas, the River Virginum, and the little Ifle La Vellena, before the Mouth of the Stream Aunguftine. Next you meet Eafterly with the Rivers St. Peter and St. Paul, the Havens Hieronymus, the Iles Punta Salida, Abrigo, Malagente, and Maure de Dios, inhabited by white People. ['c unknown South-Land extends: with feveral Points to the Southern 653 The firft that difcover’d New Guinee, Anno 1529. was Alvares de Savedra, who, diteoveries as alfo feveral others befides him, fuppos’d that fome of ‘the Iflands Solomons border New Guinee. ta) Eighteen of the many Solomon Ifles exceed the reft, of which fome are three hun- dred Leagues in circumference, fome two hundred, others one hundred, and fome fifty: All that are inhabited have a fruitful Soil, producing all manner of Provi- fions, particularly Hogs and Poultrey. The Natives differ very much one from another, forfome are black, others white or tawny. The fore-mention’d Hawkins in his Voyage towards the Straights of Magellan, . fuppofing it by eftimation to be fifty Leagues from the Main Coaft of America, dif- cover'd forty Degrees to the Southward of the Equinoctial Line, with a Wefterly Wiad, the unknown South-Land ; which he found to confift of low Land, and to be inhabited, by reafon of the many Fires which he faw afhore in the Night. The Spanifh Commander, Peter Fernandes de Quiro, andthe Admiral Lodowick Paes de Torres, have made.a farther Dilcovery of this Countrey ; for Landing on the South- in Zerra An- frralis Incog- ww ta eae AMERICA " ChapAl, South-Land, they met with feveral People, fome whereof were brown, others white, and others fallow ; fome had long and lank, others fhort and curl’d Hair: They acknowledg’d no King or fupream Governor, nor were Govern’d by any Laws, neither had they any Wall’d Towns or Forts ; but being divided amongft themfelves, they continually Encountred one another with Darts, Clubs, and Staves. Their Houfes built of Wood, were cover’d with the Leaves of Palm- Trees, Their Houfholdftuff confifted in Earthen Difhes, Pots, Ropes, Fifh-nets, Flutes, Drums, and varnifh’d Spoons. Their Gardens were neatly kept. Near their Temples were Burying-places. They Row’d very fwift in little Boats. Their Bread, well tafted, was made of long thick Roots, either roafted or boyl’d. pate, ~ Here alfo grow fix forts of Platano’s, great abundance of Almonds, Oranges, ea “s Cittrons, thick Sugar-Canes, Palm-Trees, which yield Wine, Coéoa’s, and Obos, in tafte not much unlike Quinces ; but the greateft benefit which they receive, is from the Cocoa Nuts, the Pulp whereof is delicious Meat and Drink . the outermoft Shells whereof ferve for Cups or Difhes, the inner for Ropes and Cordage , of the Leaves they make Sails and Mats, and cover their Houfes with the fame; of the Body, Oars, Clubs, Pikes, and Props for their Houfes. Befides feveral forts of Pot-herbs, here grow very high Coleworts and Bledo’s. The Countrey alfo abounds with Pigeons, Partridges, Ducks, Goats, Hogs, and other ordinary Cattel and Fowls. : The Rivers afford them Souls, Salmon, Thornback, Sea-Cocks, Eels, Gurnets, and feveral other unknown Fifhes, very delicate and wholfom, F This Countrey alfo produces Nutmegs, Maftick, Peppers, Ginger, Cinamon, Gold, Silver, Pearls, Silk, Sugar, Annifeed, Honey, Wax, Ebony«wood, Turpene tine, Lime-pits,and Marble. : Philips-Bay bends twenty Leagues into’ the Countrey, hatha fafe Harbor, and excellent Ground, confifting of black Sand. Two great Rivers difcharge, their Waters into the faid Bay, round about which are pleafant Woods, full of Quails, Parrakito’s, Parrots, Nightingales, and Bulfinches, which Sing very {weetly. The Blofloms, efpecially of Orange-Trees, ‘and the Herb Alpaca, yield an odoriferous fmell. The wholfom Air adds vigor to aged People. Fernandes de Qui delivering the foresmention’d Account to Philip the Second, King of Spain, mov’d him to Plant the unknown South-Land, and the rather, be- caufe he had not found any {nowy Mountains, drown’d Land, Crocodiles, Mu/- chito’s, or any hurtful Creature, yee was not regarded ; fo that no Spaniard hath 4i<1 zyfman's fince that time fet Foot on the unknown South-Land. But the Eajt- India Company pr spenten undertaking the Defign with great eagerne(s, {ent thither two Ships, viz, the Hems- : "kerk and Seas(ock,sunder the Command of Abel Tafman, to make a farther Difco- very of the faid South-Land': Anno 1642. on the twelfth of Augu/t, they weigh’d Anchor from Batavia, Sail’d through the Straights of Sunda to Manrice-I/land, where they Anchor’d in the North»Weft Haven before the Caftle Frederick» Henrick, on the fifth of September in the fore-mention’d Year. On the eighth of O&ob. Ta/man ftood over to the South-Land, neat which he was furpris’d by a violent Storm, afe terwards, on the twenty fifth of November, he difcover’d a barren Shore, againtt which the Sea beat very furioufly ; and Steering along this Coaft, he found a con- venient Inlet, but was forc’d by the hard Weather to ftand off to Sea again , yet _ not long after approaching the Shore, he faw great hollow Trees, and round about them abundance of Mufsle-fhells, and fromthe Wood heard a fhrill noife of Peo- ple.Singing : Going to the fame place again, he put the Orange Flag on a Pole, Carv'd with the EafteIndia Companies Arms, and call’d the Inlet Frederick-Henrick, | . _ een and by Chap. IV. AMERICA the whole Coaft, Anthony van Diemen. Sailing from thence Eaftward, he on the eighteenth of December difcover’d a coavenient Haven, where fending his Sloop to difcoverthe Shore, he came back inthe Evening, being follow’d by a Boat, which. approach’d nearer and nearer, but Night coming upon him, he could not well difcern what they were that purfu’d him, but heard the cry ef hoarfe Voices, and a fheill noife like that of a Trumpet, which the Netherland Seamen an{wer'd by hollowing, and blowing on their Trumpets, and at laft firing a Gun, the South landers made a hideous noife, and blowing their Horns, teturn’d afhore. Tafman hereupon call’d his Watch, laid Hangers, Pikes, and Mufquets ready Charg’d, up: on the Decks: The next day the Southlander's came in {eyeral Boats, two and two ty’d together, and cover’d with Planks, towards the Ships; the Gunner of the the sos. Femskerk_ going with fix Men in a Boat to help mount fome Guns in the SeasCock, ose da rate Attempt _ were betwixt both Ships fet upon by the Southlanders,who approacht with a hideous Ships. noife, kill’d four of the Aollanders with long Poles, and fore’d the other three to fave themfelves by fwimming ; which they had no fooner done, but they Row’d with incredible fwiftnefs towards the Shore, infomuch that they were out of the reach of their Guns beforethey could make teady to fire at them. Ta/man finding that there was no good to be done hete, fince he hazarded the Lives of his Seamen apainft a company of wild People, he fer Sail, but. was follow’d by divers Boats, at which he fir’d his After-Guns with pieces of Iron and Stones, which killing fome ofthem, made the reft return. In the midft of the Boats, which were ty’d two and two together, fat the Commander, who encourag’d the Rowers ; they all us’d Clubs without Points. | ; . Thefe People were grofs of Body, undaunted, ftrong, and of a tawny colour , the Hair of their Heads ftroak’d up round, was ty'dup on their Crown, on which ftuck a ftiff white Feather ; about their Necks hung a {quare Plate; they wore in ftead of Cloaks, fquare pieces of Cloth, made fait before on their Breafts. Tafman, by reafon of his rough Entertainment call’d this Harbor, Murderers-Buy, and afterwards Sail’d along the Shore till the fifth of January v6.43. on which Day he dropt Anchor nearrav little Rocky Ifland, from which fell two Streams, with a great noife into the Sea. The Inhabitants, a ftrong People, beckned to the Seamen to come ‘on Shore; fome lean’dion thick Clubs,others Fene’d.one with another. Ta- man {ending his Sloop afhore for Waser with two Drakes, return’d without any, not being able to Land, by reafon of the hollow Sea near the Shore ; wherefore Sailing from thence he difcover’dtwo low Hes, which were full of Woods of yery tall Trees ; from the biggeft whereof came alittle Boat, fharp befote and behind, in which three fallow Men, fitting behind one another, Row’d with great {wift- ne{stowards the :Hemskerk ; whereupon Ta/man commanded all his Men to go un- der the Hatches, that the three Southlanders might not be afraid to come aboard , he alfo'threw.a piece of Linnen outof his Cabbin Window, which one of them, leaping into the Sea, took up, andasafign of thankfulnefs, laid the fame on his Head, and being hereby emboldned, they came nearer the Rudder, where they took up'a Knife, ty’d to a piece of Wood, out of the Water, and retirn’d the ‘Seameén a Fifhhook-of Mother-of-Pearl, :ty’d toa Cotton Line. Approaching the Shore, they faw abundance of People running along, with two tittle Flags on Sticks. Some of the Natives came.intheirBoats clofeup with Ta/manis Ship ;.ahd.one more bold than the reft entring the fame, was found tobe .a:tall. Man with a broad black Beard, and green Leaves about his Neck, who fat down:on the Deck with his Legs under him, and bow’d-down his Head oftentimes very low: ‘Ta/man re- turning his Civility, took him bythe Hand to Treat him inchis\Cabbin, but a Dog 655 | Bee. 656 AMERICA Chap. IV. Dog which was: in the Ship Barking, he grew fearful, and went into his Boat again. Several other Southlanders fwam aboard, and others brought Pifang and) Clappes in their Boats, Againft the Evening a great Veffel, furrounded with lefler Boats, came Rowing towards the Hemskerk, the Men making a great noife ; the Seamen fearing fome Defign, ran all to their Arms, but were convine’d of their Friendfhip by the Gifts they Prefented them with from the Governor of the Ifland. The next day a flrange Boat came near the Sea-Cock, viz. two Sloops, which being ty’d together, and cover’d with Boards, carry’d feveral Men, Commanded by a Captain, by them call’d Oranghay: On the midft. of the Boards. which :co- ver’d the two Boats, ftood a Hut made of Rufhes, and cover’d over with Pifang Leaves ; the Sails being made of Mats, caus’d it to Sail very fwiftly. . Round about this Sloop Row’d lefler Boats, out of which loud Acclamations were heard, every one crying our, Hael, Hael: during which noife, thofe Southlanders -which were already come aboard, fat ftillon the Decks, which made Tafman think that their King himfelf was coming to give him a Vific, which accordingly fell out, for he came and Prefented him with feveral Hogs, Poultrey, Clappes and Pifang, all cover’d with white Cloths. | , i Aah This Southlandifh King was Habited in a Suit, the Stuff whereof refembled (bi ae nefe Paper, doubled and pafted together, and was attended by a great Train of . * Men, Women, and Children, all of them as black as a Coal’; fome of them fwam after, and others follow’d him in Boats. °* Thefe Southlanders barter’d their Clothes and: Necklaces, which confifted of Mother-of-Pearl and white Cockles, and Fifhhooks made alfo of Mother-of~ Pearl, againft Nails, Knives, and the like Trifles. ah Tafman caus’d a Shirt, Breeches, Doublet, and Hat, to be put on an old Orang- kay; who being thus Cloth’d, ftood a confiderable time admiring of himfelf, and was alfo much wonder’d at by his Subjects; but going into the Countrey, he came’ back without his Clothes. | Another Orangkay being Prefented with a Rummer of Wine, pour’d out the Wine, and fetting the Rummer on his Head, went away with great joy. Some of the Governors view’d the Ships, not onely above, butalfo below the Decks, and being brought to the Guns, they defir'd to know the ufe of them ; whereupon one being Difchatg’d, it fo affrighted them, that had they not been held, they had/all leap’d overboard. | | Provifions were daily brought bythe Southlanders to the Hollanders in great Vef- fels, furrounded by many leffer; fill as they put their Oars into the Water, they made a hideous noife. pial : \y Tafman bringing fome empty Veffels upon the Deck, thereby to: make them uns derftand that he wanted frefh Water, the Orangkays pointed to the Shore; whither they went with two Boats, which return’d without Water, the Inhabitants them- felves being fore’d to dig Pits to get the fame. | Mean while other Sonthlanders coming aboard, the Pilot-and Boatfwain’s Boy blow’d on their Trumpets, another play’d on a Flute, and a fourthon a Violin, whileft fome of the the Seamen Dancing, fo amaz’d the Natives, that they ftood like fenfelefs Creature, gaping with open Mouth upon them. Tafman looking into a Grammar which contain’d the Language of the Solomons Ifles, found that many words which were us'd by thefe People, had 4-great fimis litude with thofe of that Language. : | Befides thefe Men, there came likewife a great many Women aboard, all of them extraordinary tall, efpecially two, who might juftly be ftil’d Giantefles ; ) | four Chap. LV. “e AMEKIC 4. one whereof had Muftacho’ S; both. ran, and embracing the Chicurgeon Henrick Haelbos, defir’d carnal Copulation with him, and feem’d co quarrel one with anos ther about him: Othersconfidently put their Hands into the Hodanders Breeches, their Husbands giving confent thereunto: All of them had thick, curl’d, black Hair, which they colour’d red, and comb’d with ten little round Sith ty ‘4 toge- ther on the top, and left wide like Teeth at the bottom; yet fome of them let their Hair hang down in long braided Locks; they have their upper Lips, bue keep a {quare Beard on their Chin; yet among(t. the old People there were fome whofe Cheeks were overgrown wrist Hair: Their manner of fhaving is with the Teeth of certain Fifh made faft to a Stick ; they all went bare-headed, except fome few, who ty’d a {quare piece of Stuff, wrought of Leaves or Heathers: above their Eyes agzinft the Sun ; the upper parts of their Bodies were all naked, but about their Middle fome vata a Girdle, others a Mat of Clappes Leaves, others a Cloth not unlike (hinefe Paper, about the lower parts of their Bodies. The Wo- mens Apparel differ’d little from the Mens, excepting that their Aprons reach’d farther down, viz, to their Knees. They barter’d their Clothes againft Nails. Some of the Orangkays, being Entertain’d in the Cabbin, wonder’d to fee a Bullet that ‘was Dilcharg’d from the Quarter-deck, fall into the Water at fo great a diftance. They wore about their Necks Mother-ofPearl, white Cockles, {weet fmelling Flowers, green Leaves, or the Nails which they had gotten of the Hollander: : Some of the aged Women wanted both their little Fingers, and the young ones the upper Joynts of them, which the old Men alfo wanted : Hiaelbos pointing atthe Stump, ask’d the reafon of it, but one of them laying his Hand under his Chin, made {trange Signs, out of which he could apprehend nothing. On the twenty third of January, a fecond time Ta/man went afhore for Water, carrying Spades and Pick-axes with him, todig Pits with. Two of the Hollande’s Boats going clofe together, in each of which were three Southlanders, Ta/man call’d _to his Rowers to pull ftoutly ; which the Southlanders in Ta/man’s Boat obferving to tend to their Rowing the fwifter, laugh’d and hooted at their Countrey-men that were in the Sea:Cocks Boat, when they chanc’dtoget beyond them. Ta/man in his going afhore difcover’d feveral Ifles at a diftance, was kindly Entertain’d,’ and cowards the Evening carry’d by four Men through the Water, on a Mat made faft betwixt two Poles, to his Sloop, whither they alfo brought nine Hogs, and frefh Water digg’d out of Pits. Tafman being got about the Point of the Ifland, faw the Hemskerk under Sail, wherefore Rowing aboard the Sea-(ock, he was inform’d that fhe had flipt her An- chor ; whereupon following her, he got fight of another green Ifland the next day, along the Shore whereof ran feveral People with Sticks, on which hung white Cloths ¢ fome of them came aboard, and brought with them what Provifions the Ifland afforded. The Inhabitants barter’d (lappes, Pifang, Fowls, Hogs, Mothere of-Pearl-Fifh-hooks, Stone Axes, little Stools, great Clubs, with a black Point as long as a Man’s Arm, and hooked, againft Trifles. The Hollanders were alfo ftor’d here with frefh Water. The People both in Language, Habit, rnd Cuftoms, were very like thofe of the firft Ifland, but were not altogether a courteous. One of the Southlanders {tealing a Half-pike out of the Boat was forc’d by his Companions to reftore the fame. - The fore-mention’d Heaelbos relates, That going athens with fome Soldiers, he faw their Houfes, which he found to be built after a ftrange manner, viz. fome of them were round like, Towers, Wider at top than at bottom, and without any Holes for Air, but all built clofe of Canes, which were ftuck inthe Ground ; other Ooo Huts 657 AMERICA. Y "Chap. IV. Huts were covet’d with along Roof of Pifang or Clappes Leaves, refting on Pofts ; under which kind of Building Hielbos fhelter’d himfelf againft a mighty Shower _ of Rais, found divers young Menand Women fitting on Mats, ard an old Woman, blind through Age, lying by them on the Ground, and Fanning her felf with Pi- fang Leaves: The Men going away, fignifid thereby a'kind of Invitation-to the Hiollanders, to go to the Women, who not receiving the Entertainment they exe pected, role altogether on a fudden, and Singing, Danc’d about the: Hollanders. The Men had ontheir Shoulders and Breafts, Scars of half an Inch deep, and an Inch long ; upon fome of which,- being frefh and bleeding, the Flyes fat. They eat after a {trange manner, for ftripping off the outmoft Rinds of the Clappes with their Teeth, and breaking the hard Shell againft their Elbows, they pull out the Kernel, and eat the fame. Whatever Flefh-meat they eat, they never throughly boyl or roaft it, but make it onely juft warm. They fleep on the Ground upon Mats, and lay their Heads on a little woodden Cricket with four Feet. They take great ptide in their Hair, and thofe that have not long Hair of their own, ufe Perukes. | Tajman fteering his Courfe towards the high Coaft that lay before this Ifland, was follow’d by feveral {mall Veffels fromthe adjacent Shore, of which fomecar- ry'd a Bough of (lappes or Pifang, with white Veins at the ends ; but feeing the Ships Sail from them, they threw the fame overboard. Tafman ftanding Wefterly, difcover’d three Ifles, near the laft whereof the Sea broke exceedingly, which the Hallanders not without great danger had approached in the Night : after which they difcover’dto Leeward of them, a high Coaft, which extended ic felf a “great way, but the Sea went fo rough, that they durftnot venture near the Land; be- fides, the Sea went very high on a Bank, firff ten, then five, three and a half, and again ten, fourteen, and feven Fathom deep; and oftentimes a Man might fee the Ground, infomuch that they kept out the Boats belonging to the Elemskerk, which wasin moft danger, to carty them aboard of the Sea-Cock, if the firft fhould chance to fplic, Laftly getting over the Bank, they faw very high Land to Windward, and many hilly Ifles to Leeward; the Sea alfo was full of blind Rocks and Shelves, fo that they were in danger every hour, and the rather, becaufe the Wind blew hard every day; yet at laftlofing fight of Land, they fteer’d theinCourfe Wefterly in five Degrees Southward of the Line, towards New Guinee. On the two and twentieth of March they difcover’d low Land full of Woods of tall Trees, {ure rounded with a company of Ifles, againft fome of which the Sea brake with great violence, infomuch that they were again in great danger, efpecially when they were got amongft eighteen Ifles, between which the Water being fhallow, and the Current running very ftrongly, drove the Ships towards the Shore : Whileft they were Tacking to and again to get beyond the Shelves,a little Veffel carrying agreat Weatherecock on her Starsboard, came from the Shore, Row’d by feven Men, who fat on Boards which lay over the fame ; they were of a brown Complexion, ontly girt about with a hairy Girdle, made faft on the top of their Heads ; under their Feet they alfo wore fomething in ftead of Shoes, about their Necks hung Flowers, and their Bodies were Painted black: Among the feven, one who was very fat, and whofe Head was adorn’d with two Feathers, ftood up and proffer’d the Seamen two Clappes, in return whereof Ta/man gave them a Box of Nails and a piece of Sailscloth, which finking under Water, an aged Man div'd for the fame, and bringing it up, gave it to his fix Companions, who made no fhew of thank- fulnefs. Their Arms. confifted in Bowes and Arrows, ‘Their Clappes they calfd Anieuw, as the other Iflanders had done. = Sailing Chap, IV. of MER ICA Sailing from hence, they difcover’d tvro low Iflands full of Trees ; and three Leagues from them, on their Stareboard, a high Coaft, and on the other Gide a great ‘Tfland, whither they drove with a {mall Gale, approaching the fame, two very {mall Boats came towards the Hemskerk ; the biggeft of the two carry’d fix Men, and the leaft three, all of them very deform’d ; they went ftark naked, onely their Yards were ty’d up with a String on their Bellies, and about their Arms hung Chains of Mother-of-Pearl , they were Coal-black, onely red about the Mouth, which rednefs was occafion’d by the chewing of Pifang ; in their Hair ftuck wood- den Combs, and on their Foreheads green Leaves ; butin,eath Boat was one who had a bruifed Reed made fat in his Neck like 4 Plume ; the biggeft Veffel was Painted with ftrange Shapes of Men and Beafts ; they us’d red Bowes and Ar- rows, and having call’d to the Seamen, they Row'd back again to the Shore ; which Tafman left a Stern of him, and ran between the Main Coaft (by all fuppos’d to be New Guinee) and feveral great Iflands, that lay featter’d along before the Main Coaft ; from whence came four fmall Boats, adorn’d with Imagery like Serpents, but kept without Gun-fhot from the Ships ; at laftone leaping overboard,fwam t6 the {malleft Boat, out of which one fwam back in his ftead to the other, and after- wards came to the Hemskerks fide ; he was a black Man, wore Leaves before his Privities, and Armlets about his Elbows ;- through the Griftle of his Nofe fluck a white Bone Bodkin, fharp.at the ends, and of a Fingers length, and about his Neck a String full of Cockle-fhells. Tafman Sailing on along the Main Coaft, met with eighteen Boats more, the Rowers whereof laid their Oars upon their Heads, and not without ftrange Ge- ftures call’d aloud, and invited the Hollanders to come afhore : On the Sterns and Heads of thefe Boats were likewife divers Shapes Painted, upon a white Ground, in fome were two, and in others three, four, and five Men ; cight of them going into the Hollanders Boats, were made Drunk with Arrack. Thefe. Southlanders went ftark naked, fome onely covering their fecret Parts with Leaves; their Skins were black, onely on their Foreheads they drewa red Stroke, which reach’d to their Ears ; their brown curl’d Hair was by fome colour’d grey, by fome red, fome let it hang loofe over their Sholdiers, others ty’d the fame ina Tuf on theit Crown, cover’d with a Cap of Pifang Leaves, others wore their Hair {earce two Fingers long, and through the Griftle of their Nofe, ‘a piece of Cane or Quill, and a broad Beard without Muftacho’s ; they had nothing to barter but large Snail-fhells, on which they made a ftrange noife, and whatfoe’re they receiv’d, they firft fmell’d on it like Dogs: they fancy’d not Nails, as all the other Southlanders had done. Their manner of Fifhing was thus: They ty’d feveral half Clappes-fhells, made faft like a Chain, toa long Reed, fhook the fame toand again on the Water, to ga- ther the Fifh together. In the Boats lay Planks of an oval fafhion, which by Ropes tyd in the middle they held before them im ftead of Shields. When thefe Sout. landers went from the Ships, one of them threatned to beat the seamen, fhaking his great Club at them ; whereupon they all Row’d with great {peed to the Shore, whileft one in every Boat knockt with a Staff againft the fides, juft as if they had beat an Alarm. Amongft them one had barter’d for an old Doublet, with which he fhew’d many antick Tricks, putting ic on the Wrong way, fometimes on his Head, then his Feet into the two Arm-holes, and anon the Button-holes behind on his Back, | The Ships Sailing from hence, ran along a broken Coaft, and on the twelfth. of April were fo terribly fhaken by an Earthquake, which lafted an hour and a half, that they feem’d fhivering to pieces in the Water, as if they had-ran again a : Ooo :z 7 Rock, 659 AMER IC A. . Chap. LV. Rock, notwithftanding they could not fathom Ground with their longeft Line. Somewhat farther they difcover’d a burning Mountain on an Ifland, between which and the Main (on which ftood alfo a very high Mountain) they fteering their Courfe, came into a white Water, mov'd by a ftrong River from the Continent , and coming to an Anchor before the Mland Jamna, they faw the Ifles Moa and Ari- moa before them. The Jamneans calling New Guinee by the Name of Belah, inform’d the lollanders, that they Wart’d continually with the Inhabitants thereof. Thefe People being alfo Coal-black, fome of them had loofe curl’d Hair, hanging down over theit Shoulders in long Braids, and others had onely two thick Locks, which cover’d their Ears ; all of them wore four Feathers on their Heads: the Men pull’d out their Beards, and hung a great Bone Ring through their Ears, at which alfo hung a Shell like a Spur; moft of them had red Rofes ty'd about their Heads, and 4 Necklace of Hogs Teeth about their Necks; under their Navels they wore Gire dles, a handful and a half broad, and about their Waftes Strings full of Shells, or Sea-Cockles, to which a {mall Lappet was.ty’d, and hung down before their Pri- vities ; but becaufe it was but two Fingers broad, and mov’d to an. again by the Wind, their Nakednefs appear’d to thofe that took notice thereof ; through the Griftle of their Nofes they wore a Hogs Tooth, or the Splinter of a Cane. Upon the Stern of their {mall Boats was the Shape of a little Lyon. One of thefe Iflan- ders imitated the Hollanders when they {poke, endeavoring to repeat their words after them, and therefore was call’d Parrot. | . | Ta/man Sailing from hence to Moa, came to an Anchor before the Coaft, ten Leagues beyond Jama, where a great Boat, carrying feventeen Men, coming near the Ship, let flie a great many Arrows at the Seamen ; but the next Morning being better reconcil’d, they came aboard, where the Chirurgeon of the Ship gave a Cap to one of jhe Jamneans, who, as a teftimony of his thankfulnefs for the Prefent, re- quefted him co fit down ; which done, he began to braid his Hair from his Fore- head to his Neck, tying the fame with a String. | ; Ta/man weighing Anchor, Sail’d between New Guinee and the Ifland Infox, having _ got mothing but a few famnean words from the Iflanders, who call’d a Bone, Vers tilia,; a Hog, Paro; a Knife, Sapera; Beads, Saffera; a Nail, Tortor ; Sleep, Moeni ;, and a Rat, d/phoo. So fteering his Courfe along Arimoa, which is both higher and larger than the neighboring moa, and refembles a Seaman’s Cap, he left New Guinee a Stern of him, and Steering on Northerly, Sail’d by Schoutes-I/land, where eight large Boatscame within Gun-fhot of him, ¢ach of which had on each fide a Wing, under which fat four Rowers, two and two together, withtheir Feet hang- ing in the Water; at their approaching near the Ship they put out a long Pole, with a white Flag upon it ; whereupon Ta/man,allo commanded his white Enfiga to be put forth, and threw a String of Beads, ty’d to a piece of Wood, out of his - Cabbin Window ; which the Southlanders had no fooner taken up, but in reftimo- ny of thankfulnefs they all broke their Arrows over their Heads, and kept near the fides of the Ship, till fuch time as the Boatfwain thereof founded a Trumpet, up- on the hearing of which thep all Row’d away with as much fpeed as they could poflibly.. Thefe People were of a fallow Complexion ; they broke their Arrows with great Ceremony ; for firft they pointed with them towards the Skie, then put them into the Water, and breaking each Arrow in two pieces on their Heads, they threw one over the Larboard, andthe other over the Starboard; he that broke the Arrow, made a long Speech to the Hollanders, who took the fame for an Oath of their Fidelity toward them. In every one of thefe Boats were twenty eight of thirty Men. Tafi man Chap. V. ‘i AMERICA 661° ae Tafman profecuting his Voyage farther, difcover’d the following day another 2fnustic a Ifland, and a crooked Arm of New Guinee, near which he judg’d might be an GpenPine yore ing betwixt New Guinte and Gilolo; then leaving on his Starboard a great many aap blind Cliffs, dangerous Shelves, and uneven Grounds, he caft Anchor neara Rock, which at high Water was overflow'd. A Boat coming near the Ship, in which were fix Men, whofe long Hair hung down their Backs, one of them amongft the reft ftanding up, cali’d to the Hollanders in the Ternaren Language, faying, What People ?. to which a Seaman, who underftood and {pake the faid Language, ane {wer'd, Spaniards : whereupon he ask’d, From what Countrey, and whither bound? to which he-was anfwer'd, From Moa to Ternata: The Southlander hereupon reply’d, You are Deceivers, the Ship is not Spanifh, but Holland make ; whereupon Taf/man caus’d the Prince of Orange’s Flag to be put out, which the Southlander no foorier faw, but he cry’d, It appears by your Flags that you are Hollanders, who are always more welcom to us than Spaniards ; However, though the Seaman acknowledg’d his miftake, in faying they were Spaniards, yet the Southlanders would not ftay within fhot of them, but at their Rowing away cry’daloud, Here és abundance of Pifang, Clappes, Potato’s, Sugar- Canes, and other Fruits on Shore. | | ' From hence Tafman Sail’d Northerly between many Ifles, and a Channel that feparates New Guinee from Gilolo, by Cerani, Manipe, Bolao, and Burro, to a narrow | Opening, where Pangefane being on his Larboard, rofe with exceeding high Rocks, as Botton on the Starboard. Thefe Rocks are moft of them overgrown with Treesand Brambles. In the middle of this Channel alfo lies a Rock, for its fhape cail’d 4 Galley, by which 'Ta/man Sailing, bent his Courfe homeward, and at laft, on the fifteenth of June, Anno 1643. caft Anchor before Batavia. CURRAEREGEERR GAEL EE EBACE EEE aie i tiet CHAP. V. Terra Borealis, or The Artick Region: Aving {poken fomething of the Terra Auftralis Incognita, ox Unknown South- ba Land, there remains fomething to be faid of the oppofite part, namely, the Terra Borealis, ox the Artick Region, which is call’d Incognita in like manner as the Terra Aufiralis, in regard, though very much, as well of the one as of the other, hath been fearch’d into, and in part difcover'd by feveral Voyagers, yet ~ doubtlefs there is a very vaft Tract of Land, inthe Artick Region efpecially (if it be ” not rather Sea,) which is altogether unknown, and thofe parts which have been difcover’d, as Groenland,I/eland, Nova Zembla,Spilbergen,Hudfon's Straights and Bay, &c. fo imperfectly known, that they may well deferve the T itle of Unknown. The feveral parts of this Artick Region are, 1. Terra Subpolaris Incognita, or that part which lies direétly under the Pole,and is otherwife call’d Orbis Aréticus. 2 Groenland, 3. Spilbergen, or Niculand. 5. Ifeland. 6. Nova Zembla. \. The Terra Subpolaris is defcrib'd by a certain Seaman of Bofleduc, to bea great 4 necripi- black Rock,about thirty five Leagues in compa(s,and of an extraordinary heighth; Sisae. } through the Land adjoyning to which the Sea violently breaking, makes four 3 great and violent Euripi, or Whirlpools, whofe Waters driving Northward with fo forcible 2 Stream, that no Ship, though carry’d by nexer fo ftrong a Gale, ss able to tem the Current, are at laft fwallow’d up in the Earth. It is alfo re- as PSR ee _ Ooo 3 - ported, “i | / AMERICA. “> Chape'V ported, that between two of thefe Euripi, namely thar made by the Scythick Ocean, and that on the back fide of Groenland, there liech an Ifland Northward of Lappia and Biarmia, inhabited by Pygmies. Much more to this purpofe is related of the Subpolar Region, but fince it is very improbable that any one could comé fo fear as to make any difcovery thereof, to fay more of this Matter, would be but to in- fift upon things favoring more of Fables than Reality. i | gounds and Groenland is that part of Terra Septentrionalis, which winds about from South to Gromlands Raft and decline Northward from Cape Faruel, in the Deucaledonian Séa ; however, Groenland hath been generally taken for an Ifland , yet many late Navigators thiak it joyns with the Continent of Tartary, and others leave it in doubt whether it Be Ifland or Continent : It is bounded towards thé Eaft with the Deucaledonian Ocean: towards the Weft, with Hud/on’s Straights 4nd Bay, which feparate it ftom Aimetica ; ~ towards the North its Bounds are altogether unknown, and is not withont reafon fuppos’d to be the utmoft part of the World towards the North Pole. There are who believe it to be one Continent with America, and that upoh this gtouhd, be. caufe feveral who haveattempted to pafs through the Straight commonly call’d . The Straight of Davis, into the Eaft-Indies, affirm, that they found it to be a Galph, but one Captain John Monk, who was alfo a gteat Undertaker ih the Notth-Weft Paflage through this Straight, ot Gulf of Davis, alledges great Probabilities of this Lands being divided by Sea ‘from the Continent of America. ~~ 4 ae This Countrey hath anciently been divided into two Regions, Ea/t-Groenland Gronland and We/t-Groenland ; anfwerable to which Divifion Evrick, furnam’d The Ruddy, the ‘eiband Ihe Son of Torvalde, is reported by the Danifh Chronicle to have built two. Forts or ja ae Lodges, Oftrebug and Weftrebug, in the Eaftern part. The firft Planters of (briftia- "nity buile the City Garde, which became, as the faid Chronicle mentions, a City of great Repute aud ‘Traffick, and not long after, ‘the Town Albe, and towards the Sea-Coaft, a Monaftery, dedicated to St. Thomas. The City Garde was a Bifhop’s See, to which belong’d a Cathedral Church, by'the Title of St. Nicholas, built in the fame City, though a certain I/eland Chronicle makes mention of the Church of Strofnes, as the chief Metropolitan and Bifhop’s See of Groenland. The Bifhop afs fitted oftentimes in the Affembly of the Estates of Denmark, and held of the Bifhop of Nidrofia or Drunthen in Norway, as the Temporal Effate of Groenland held of the Crown of Norway,the Norwegians being the onely known Planters of this Countréy, deriving their Original from the aforefaid Errick, according to the teftintony ‘of Mr. Vormiws, and alfo of Angrimus Fonas, in his Specimen Iflandicum, and the Vices-Roy: of Norway,the Nomopbylax (as the faid Angrimus calls ‘him, ).or Sovereign Judge of the Countrey. The Inhabitants of We/treburg,or the Weltern Coaft of Groenland, are by fome call’d Skreglinguers. According to the Heland Chronicle, the Towns and Places of chief note are Skageford, in the moft Eaftern part; a little farther Weft, the Port of Funchebuder,fo call’d from a Page of St. Olaus King of Norway, who together with _ feveral others were caft away upon that place; alittle higher, the Roan/en, full of white Beats, and other wild Beafts. In the Weftern Coalt; Kindelfiord, an Armof the Sea; on the right Shore whereof ftands Korfekirk, i.e. 2 Church built crofs- ways; alfothe Town Vandalebug, and not far off a Monaftery, dedicated to St. Olaus and St. Auguftine ; the next Place is Rumpefinfiord, where there is.a religious Convent, and divers little Iflands, in which ate Springs of. Water, warm in the Winter, and temperate in the Summer, which are accounted Medicinal, “and of great Vertue in the curing of divers Maladies 3 upon the fame Coaft lies. Et/natf- fiord ; between which and Rupefinfiord is the Palace Fos, and a.great Church, -dedi- cated to St. Nicholas, near the Promontory Clining is another great Houfe call’d | Daller, ‘ Chap. V. ° %y AMERICA. 663 Daller, andibeyond Eynatsfiord, a great [landdenominated Reynatfen, from the abun- dance of Rein-Deer: which breed there : Inthe fame Ifland is a Quarry of the Stone Talgueftin, not\conlumable by Fire, and yet fofe enough to be cur into any form, infomuch that Veffels have been made of it, containing twelve Tun. More Weftetly lies the Ifland Langen, and another,Royal Houfe-call’d Hede/tad, then Ey- ricksfford,, another Arm of the Sea, and at. the Entrance thereof, the [land Herrieven, _ parc whereof belongs to the Dome, or Cathedral, andthe other part to the Church of Dunes, the principak Chusch of Groenland, next to the Cathedral, North-Weft from Erricksfiord is Midfiord, and farther Northward, Bondeford ; near which are feveral little Mles and Ports. Between Offrebug- and We/trebug isa large Defart, alco- gether uninhabited. ; This Defcription of the Countrey, Extracted from the J/eland Chronicle, is look’d upon by a late French Writer of nove, as. the moft particular and faithful ; however, the Dauifh Chronicle differs in many things, and amongft others in this, that not the hundredth part of Groenland is poflefs'd by the Norwegians, but that there inhabit feveral different forts of People; of different Fafhions and Governments, altogether unknown to the Norwegians. aay | Groenland, notwithftanding its Northerly Situation, is reported to be a Coun. Tempcrture trey not unfertile of Corn, and other Produétions of the Earth ; and in refpect of © its verdant Afpedct.at fome Seafons of the Year, above the reft of thofe Septentrional Regions,it is concluded to have merited the Name of Groenlayd, i.¢. Greenland ; nay, fo great'is the Heat that is faid to be there during the Moneths of June, July, and Auguft, by reafon of the reverberation of the Sun-beams from the Rocks, that ma- ny times there is but fix Weeks fpace betwixt Seed-time and Harveft. The Beafts, which are faid to breed here in gréat numbers, are Horfes, Deer, What fort of Foxes, Hares, Bears, both black and white, common Wolves, and afort of Beaft breed there, between a Deer and a Wolf, befides great, ftore of Beavers and Martins, as the Ifeland Chronicle teftifies, whofe Furr in finenels may compare with the Sables of Ru/sia. There are alfo Gerfalcons in abundance, both,whité and grey, of fo deli- cate a kind, that they were in ancient times fent tothe Kings of Denmark as Pres fents of great rarity. ie The Seas about Greenland abound in very many forts of Fifth, as Sea-Wolves, Sea-Dogs,, SeasCalves, and above all, incredible numbers of Whales of a vaft bignefs. | , But the moft remarkable Commodity of this Countrey, is a kind of Horn, com- Strange hind monly call’d the Licornes, or UnicornseHorn, which is found there in great quantities, fuundehere and great ftore of it isto be feen in Denmark, fome whole, fome in great pieces, fometimes onely the Ends or Stumps ; but fince it appears yery differeut from all otherkind of Horn, there is great Queftion made amongft Naturalifts, whether it be Horn or Tooth 2. and if Horn, whetherthe Horn of a Beaft or Fifh ? but ic is difcover’d of late to be the Horn, or rather Tusk of a certain Fifh, which the Iflanders call Narbual, being indeed a kind of Whale, as the Name feems to imply, fignifying a Whale which feeds upon Carcafes. | This Countrey is.call’d by the Natives, Secanunga ; who was the firft Dilcoverer The chic oyapers thereof is not certainly known, but the firft chief Voyagers thither were, of the shine, Dutch, William Barents, or Barentfon; of Amfterdam, who fer forth towards thofe Parts in the Year 1594. and before him, Dithmar Blefkens, in the Year 1563. of the Eng- lifh, Mr. James Hall, whoifet out from Copenhagen in Denmark, Anno 1605. andina fecond Voyage was flainby a Salvage ofthe Countrey. Ma | The Coaftings, Courfes, Havens and Creeks of Groenland, according as erat gs ae FECCLV GO crc eg. of Groenlana A ) , a “a Me : 664. AMERIC<. + "Chap. V. receiv'd an Account of them from Iver Boty, a Groenlander, written in the Norfh Lan. guage, as it is call’d, are as followeth : From Stad in Norway, co Hornnefs, the Eaft part of Groenland, it is feven days Sailing. Between Ifeland and Groenland lieth a Riff call’d Gomborn/e-fkare, the Ice lying upon which, hindreth the Paffage. Thofe chat Sail from Bergen in Norway South of Rokene/fs in Ifeland, come under Swaffter, a Promontory, or high Land in the Eaft part of Groenland, and within fight of the high Mount Whitfark, between which and Groenland lieth a Headland, call’d Her- noldus Hook, not far from Sound-Haven, formerly much frequented by the Norway Merchants. Thofe that Sail from Ifeland to Groenland, Steer to Snoffne/s, Welt of Rokenefs, and after South-Weft. Eaftof Hernoldus Hook lieth the Village of Skagen- ford, the moft Eafterly Village of the Ifland ; Eaft of Skagenford, the Haven Bear- ford, inacceffible by Ships, by reafon of a great Riff lying at the Mouth thereof. This Place is chiefly remarkable for the Whale-fifhing, the Whales upon the going back of the Tide running into a great Swalth, as they call it, which is in the Haven. Eaft of Bearford is the Haven call’d Allabong Sound, full of little Iles. -Eaft from the Icy Mountain, the aforemention’d Haven Fendobothes. Farther Eaft is the High- land Corfe Hought, where they Hunt white Bears, Weft from Hlernoldws Hook is the Village Codosford, and hard by the Sea-Coaft, a fair Church, which we conceive to’ be the fame with Kor/ekirk above {poken of, as (odosford may alfo probably be the fame with Kindelfiord. A little farther Weft lieth the Boy, or Town of Wart/dale (for in the Norfh Language Boy fignifies a Town,) belonging to Petre/uik, or Peterswike Church: Near this Boy or Town ftandeth a Cloyfter, or Abbey of Canons Regu. lar, dedicated to St. Olafe and St. Augufime. Next to Codosford is Rompnesford, the fame queftionlefs with the above-mention’d Rumpefinfiord, where there is a Cloyfter of Nuns of the Order of St. Benediét : In this Ford lie many: {mall Ifles. Between Rompnefs and the next Sound lieth a great Garden call’d Vo/e, belonging to the King of the Countrey, as alfo St. ‘Nicholas Church before mention’d. Ar the ens trance into Bymmestnesford is the Inlet Southwoderswike, and fomewhat higher on the fame fide, the little Cape Bloming, beyond the Inlet Granwike ; above that, the Garden call’d Daleth, belonging to the Cathedral Church; andon the right-hand co thofe that Sail out of the faid Sound, a great Wood belonging’ to the fame Church, where they feed their Oxen, Kine, and Horfes. The Highland lying by Emestuesford, is call’d The Ramas Hayth, from the Rain-Deer which ufe to be there Hunted : And hereabouts is that fort of Stone of which they make large Fats ot Cifterns, ashath been before intimated ; it is by fome call’d the Zevell-Stone, being a fort of Marble, or (as fome will have it) Load-ftone, of all colours. Weft from this lieth another Highland, call’d Long-Highland. The next Sound is call’d Swal- terford, having a Church belongining to it of the {ame Name, and where there is _‘alfo a Garden belonging to the King, call’d St. Hlentelffad. Next to that. lieth Erricksford, and at the entrance thereof the Highland Erricks Hought, belonging to Deverskirk, the firft Parochial Church in Graenland. North»Weft from Erricksford, is Megdenford. Farther out isa Church call’d Scogelkirk; and farther in the Sound, Leadenkirk. Beyond Erricksford is another Ford or Sound, by*the Name of Foffa, belonging to the Cathedral Church, and tothe North of it, two) Villages, Ever-boy and Forther-boys From thence farther North lieth Bredaford; and after that Lormontford ; and from thence Weftward, Icedeep. “To the North of the Weftland lieth a {pacious Wildernefs, call’d Hlemel Hlatsfelt, and Edg’d with mafite Rocks and Cliffs towards the Sea fide ; beyond which the Sea is innavigable, by reafon of themany Swalgen, or Whirlpoolsthereabouts. / In Groenland there are divers Hills, wherein are Silver-Mines, multitudes of white Bears, \. ; - Chap. V. ; AME RP Ce. | 66% Bears, with red Patches on their Heads ; alfo white Hawks, and all forts of Fifh. There are moreover in the Countrey divers Rivers, frozen up for tle molt pare of the Year, and cover’d with Ice; yer it is generally affirm’d, that ic is uot fo cold there as in Norway ot Ifeland. On the Hills are faid to grow Acorns and Nuts, very welltafted, and as big as Apples ; alfoas good Wheat as is commonly produc’d in other Parts, < . In the Journal of Dithmar Blefkens’s Voyage, mention is made of a certain blind An Aecoune Monk, brought up in the Monaftery of St. Thomas, who reported feveral memora- fam Dib ble things concerning this Countrey, as that it was call’d Groenland antiphraftically, bs Fournai, or by contrariety of Speech, as appearing feldom or never green ; and that it abounded with Bears and white Foxes,and was not without Pygmies and Unicorns, which never appear'd till after the Sun wasentred into ies ; that in thefaid Mos naftery of St. ‘Thomas there was a Fountain of fcalding Water, which was convey'd through Pipes of Stones to the Monks feveral Cells, and ferv’d them not onely for Stoves, but for the dreffing of their Meat, which was as well boyl’d by means of this Water, as if it had been over a real Fire, and that the Walls of the Monaftery were made of a kind of Pumice-ftone, upon which if Water were pour’d, it would produce a flimy Matter, commonly us’d in ftead of Lime for Mortar, like the Stone of Mount Hecla in I/eland ; that two of thefe Pygmies, a Male and a Female,-were kept by the Abbot, and were both endu’d with perfect humane Shape, and over- grown with Hair, even to the outermoft Joynts of their Fingers, the Male efpe- cially, who had a Beard reaching down to his Knees, but that they {eem’d wholly devoid of Reafon and Underftanding, norhad any diftin& ufe of Speech, onely made a femblance of Hifling of the manner of Geefe ; laftly, he reported the dura- tion of the Lives of thefe Creatures to be anfwerable to the fhortnefs of their Sta- ture ; but that concerning their Wars with the Cranes, he had no other knowledge than by Tradition. - The Defcription of Groenland left by Mr. James Hall, renders it ahigh, moun- eee Oe tainous, and craggy Region, fufficiently water’d with Rivers, and provided with Defiption, good Harbors, of a Soil not unfertile in all places where he came, having between the Mountains fruitful Valleys and pleafant Plains, abounding with feveral forts of Fowl, as Partridges, Pheafants, Seaemews, Gulls, Crows, ec, but of Beatts, chiefly black Foxes, and (as was conjeétur’d by the plenty of Harts-horns found about their Tents) Rein-Deer, yet not deftitute of other Beafts, the Ve/tigium of one whereof was found to be not lefs than eight Inches over. : As for the Manners and Cuftoms of the Natives, they are by the faid Defcri- ption reprefented to be a kind of Samoid, or wandring People, fti!l moving from place to place, warlike and aétive, ufing Slings and Darts with marvellous dexte- rity, of a brown Complexion for the moft part, and of an indifferent Stature, eat- ing their Meat either quite raw, or onely a little parboyl’d, Clothing themfelves with the Skins of fuch Beafts, or other Creatures, as they kill, efpecially Seals, or {ome of the largeft fize of Fowls, which they Drefs very {mooth and foft, turning the Feather or Hair fide outwardsin Summer, and inward in Winter. Their Wea- pons Bowes,Slings,and Bone or Iron-headed Darts ; their Religion Idolatrous,bue chiefly Sun-Worfhip,as was gather’d from their manner of Accoft,when any of the Englifh fir approach’d them, for they us’d to point up tothe Sun, as chief Author of their felicity, and then beat their Breafts, crying, Iliont, which feem’d to fignifie as much as I mean no harm, and would not come near till thofe that met them did the like. Their Houfes built of Whales Bones, and the Baulks thereof with Whales Ribs, and cover’d with Earth, but the beft fort with SealsSkins, having Vaults or re ered Rooms T&S 666 AMERICA. Chap. V. Rooms tinder Ground, four-fquare, and two Yards deep in the Earth. Their manner of Burial, a Pile of Stones thrown over the Corps, being firft wrapt up in Seal.Skins. ay of Sa | Spilbergia, fo call’d by the Hollanders, from Spilbergen, whom probably they rec- ast ot kon to have been the firft Difcoverer of it, is the fame that we vulgarly call Green- land, and which Sir Hugh Willoughby (if not the firft of all, yer at leaft the firft of the Englifh that difcover’d any thing of thefe Parts) nam’d King fames’s New-Land. The faid Sic Hugh Willoughby fet forth Anno 1553. in the Bona Efperanza, accompany’d with cwo Ships more, viz, the Bonaventure, Richard Challoner Captain, and the Bona Confidentia, and after fome time of Coafting up and down thofe Northern Seas, he Landed with his Company upon the Place, where ftaying a few days, he fent three Men three days Journey into the Countrey South-Weft, and three more as far full Weft, who all, after much hardfhip in their Travelling, return’d without having ‘met any People by the Way, or feen the leaft appearance of any Habitation, Sail- ing hence back for Lapland, they were all frozen to death in the Haven Arzina. Delcrion 44 Defcription of Greenland by one Mr. Robert Fotherby, reprefents the Nature of ofGrenlsnd: this Place contradigtory to its Name, as before was obferv'd of Groenland: * For “certainly (faith he) no part of the World, yet known and difcover’d, is lefs Green ‘* than this, both the Mountains and Lowelands being cover'd with Snow till the ‘‘ beginning of June. The Countrey, which is for the moft part mountainous, ‘‘ bearing neither Grafs nor Tree, fave onely Heath or Ling, as it is call’d in the “¢ North parts of England, which grows upon the Moors or Heathy Grounds when *‘ the Snow begins to melt,and.on which in Summer the Deer feed themfelves fat in ‘¢ one Moneth ; but how they livein the Winter, is a thing beyond any Man’s skill “to comprehend, efpecially during the Sun’s abfence under the Horizon, which “* in the Latitude of feventy feven Degrees continues from the eighteenth of Oétober “¢ tothe fourth of February. This Countrey is by many fuppos‘d never to have been inhabited by Men, yet not altogether uncapable of affording Habitation to fuch as would bring with them fufficient defenfive Weapons againft Hunger and Cold : For other Animals,it is found, by the teftimony of thofe that have been upon the Place, not to be defti- tute; for befides Deer before mention’d, there have been feen Bears and Foxes : and of wild Fowl, Cuthbert Ducks, Willocks, Stints, Sea-Pigeons, Sea-Parrots, Gulls, Noddies, ec. The Southermoft part of Greenland, call’d Point Look-out, ftands in feventy fix Degrees and thirty Minutes. The Weft fide of the Land was difcover’d by the firft Voyagers Northward as far as eighty Degrees and odd Minutes, and in that _compaf{s fix or eight good Harbors for the Whale-fifhing ; the Eaft fide as far as feventy eight Degrees, with divers Iflands, both great and {mall, yielding good - Harbors, and ftore of Whales and Sea»Horfes. tyne tet Inthe Year 1610. Jonas Pool, Mafter of the Amity fell in with this Land in May, Granloud, and continu’d upon the Coaft, difcovering of Harbors, and Killing of Mor/es, till _ June following : and he is faid to have been the firft that gave this Countrey the Name of Greenland. The next year he fet out again, accompany d with ‘Thomas Edge, Commander of the Mary Margaret , And fince many other Voyages have been made astoa Place known, anda great Trade driven in catching of Whales, not * without feveral Contefts with the Dutch and Danes, but nothing of late difcover’d confiderable more than in the firft Voyages. The Harbors, Sounds and Coaftings moft taken notice of, are Fair Foreland, Cape (old, Black+Point,Horn-Sound, Knotty-Poine, Bell-Sound, Lowne/’, (rof’-Road, Deer>Sound, Fowl-Sound, Clofe-Cove, Gurnet-Nofe, Ice- Sound, and Green-Haven. There “§ Chap. V. UA MERIC 2A. ) 667 There are few that have Sail’d to Greenland, but make great mention of (herry Cherry-Iland. Ifland, fo call’d, as having been firft difcover'd at the Charges of Sir Francis Cherry, _an eminent Merchant ; by others Bear-Ifland, from the multitude of Bears found there; it lies in the Latitude of feventy four Degrees, and is noted for ftore of Fowl, Foxes like Dogs, and upon the Coafts great ftore of Whales, Sea-Horfes, and Morfes: Itisalfo {aid to be furnifh’d with Lead-Mines, and-Pits of Sea-~Coal. Heland, {o call’d from the continual Ice which is upon it, isa craggy mountain- Sivionand ous Countrey ; and not onely the Hills, but a great part of the Low-land cover’d ry of Ieland, with perpetual Snow : It is of a Form fomewhat oblong, lying between the fifty fourth and fifty ninth Degree of Northern Latitude, having Norway on the Eaft,the Orcades and Scotland on the South,Grenland on the Weft,and the Hyperborean,or frozen Seaon the North. Itis by Olaws Magnus {uppos’d to be twice as big as Sicily, that is to fay,about a hundred Leagues inlength. It isthe moft known,and moft throngly difcover’d of all the Countreys of the Artick Region, and is faid tohave been firft found out and peopled in the Year of our Lord goo. by certain of the Nobility of Eaft-Frifia in the Countrey of Breme, in the time of Alebrand, Bifhop of that Coun- trey ; but whether or no utterly unpeopled till that time, isa Queftion not eafie to be determin’d, though in all probability fo obvious a Place to befound out, could not lie {o long totally uninhabited. Not long after feveral Colonies of Norwegians Setled themfelves, fome in Aitland, fome in Ferow, others (following the Example of thefe Bremers) in Ifeland. The Countrey is full of Rocks and Stones, and (as is credibly reported) nota cultivated Field or Garden in the whole Ifland, and by confequence no fort of Corn, yet the People living without either Bread or Salt, are very ftrong, and of a good Complexion: Neither is therea Tree to be feen, except the Birch, ‘which likewife grows but in one place, and exceeds not the heighth of a'’Man, by reafon of the violence of the Winds ; yet there is faid to be great plenty of Butter, the Grafs being fo fat, chat the Oxen are not fuffer’d to flay long at.a time in the Paftures for fear of burfting. Till of late there was neither Town, nor any thing that could be call’d a Village, in the whole Ifland, but ftragling Cottages here-and there, not above three or four together in a place, moft by the Sea fide for the convenience of Fifhing ; they were built pretty deep in the Ground, but artificially fram’d of Whales Bones, with Seats, Benches, and other Utenfils of the fame; now fometimes they ufe Fir to the fame purpofe, which is caft upon the Coaft by the force of the Sea from Tartary or elfewhere. For want of Veflels, they lay their Butter in Heaps in the Corners of their Houfes like Mors tar. In the Winter,wanting Fodder, they feed their Cattel with Fifh. Befides thele Cattel, which are-Kine without Horns,'Horfes onely fic for carrying of Burthens, and very ‘large Sheep, there are ftore of white Foxes, and huge Bears of the fame colour, and: fort of rough Dogs, very well known, and frequent amongft us by the Name of Shocks, which the Iflanders efteem not alittle, and will part with their Children at afar eafier rate: They keep neither Hogs nor Poultrey, for want of “Grain to feed them. The Rivers belonging to this Mland are many, and thofe not unpleafant, afford- ir hives ing to the Inhabitants plenty of Fith, efpecially Sturgeon, Trouts, and Salmons ; and one is efpecially remarkable for a Bridge made over it, which being the onely _ Bridge of the Countrey, is made ofthe great Bones ofa Whale. The whole Ifland "*is-one continu’d Defart, without any trodden'Path or Road from one end to the other ; fo that all that have occafion to travel to any part thereof by Land, make ufe of the Compals, as if they were Voyaging by Sea. ARE: The Coaft of Ifeland hath many ftrange and monftrous Fifth worth obfervation, ore Cuan a¢ of Leland, | Z AMERICA. -" Chap. Vi as firft the Orca, which though nothing near fo big asthe Whale, yet is able to be the death of it ; for being of the fhape of a Shipturn’d upfide-down, and having fharp long Fins on its Back, it pricks the Belly of the Whale therewith till it kills, ¢ The next is the Hackfall, which is very fat, and about twelve Inches long, | Then the Dog-Fifh, which lifting up its Head out of the Sea, Barks, and letting forth its young ones, receives them into her Belly again, when they have {ported a while in the Sea. : | Laftly, another Monfter, of a moft frightful fhape, mention’d by Olaus Magnus, but not by any particular Name. | teal SrangeFou In divers parts of the Ifland are Fountains of f{calding Water, which as foon as "taken from the Fountain begins to cool, and when cold, hatha fulphury Subftance {wimming on the top. Atthe Weft end isa fmoaky Fountain, very cold, and turning all that is caft into it into Stone. | ! 3axvosl Atthe placeupon the Sea call’d Turlocks Haven, are two Fountains of different quality, the one hot, the other cold, which by Pipes being brought together into one place, make a Bath of an excellent temperature, and of a- medicinal Vertue. Not far from Haven Halneford is a Cliff in a Rock of an unknown depth, and no _ Water to be difcern’d by thofe'that look down into it, but if a Stone be'caft in, it fhall make a noife for half an hour together, as if it were ftriking againft.a Brazen Veflel, andall this while the Water will be rifing till it comes up’ tothe brim, ‘and then will be fo long finking again as the Stone was falling. 7 oN gah There are alfo three Mountains in J/eland not to be left unmention’d, the Moun- tain.of the Croff, the Moutain Snenelftockel, and the Mountain Hiecla ; the two firft are chiefly-confiderable for their wonderful heighth, and for the dreadful noife of Thunder:which is heard. on the top of them, when in the adjacent parts below, the Air is‘calm and clear; the third lying in the North of the Ifland, and not vety high, © is one of the moft prodigious Vulcans in the World, for the cafting forth of Flames, black Afhes, and Pumice-Stones, infomuch that there is no poffibility of Habitas tion within fix Miles of it round about ; and it is a receiv’d Opinion of the Inha- bitants, that it is the place of Torment for the Souls of the Damned ; from whence. there hath rifen fuch a company of ftrange Stories and Fables, that it would make up a Volume of it felf to relate them. The occafion of the great Eruption of this Mountain is not without much reafon imputed to the inflammation of the Sul- phur, of which there are feveral Mines or Pits in the Countrey, though none of any fort of Metal. Firt planting Waldemarws, King of Denmark and Norway, being confequently Mafter of this i soetea athongft the other Norwegian Colonies, Planted the Chri/tian Religion. in. this Ifland in the Year of Chrift 1398. and Ordain’d two Bifhops, one in Schalholden, in- the Eaft part, another in Hollen, in the Weft ; and after the Reformation was begun, Chriftianus, King of Denmark, took care to propagate the Reformed Doéfrine there, as well asin other parts of his Dominions; and to thatend fentovera PRINTER thither, thatthe BIB LE, together with the Works of Philip Melanéthon and Urba- nS Regius, might be publifh’d in the Vulgar Tongue of the Countrey.. But thefe Proceedings were mainly oppos’d by the Bifhop of Schalholden,; who animating the People to Rebellion, they flewthe King’s Liéutenant : Wherenpon the next Year ‘ Paul Holfelt,a Knight of the Danifh Order, being fent over with an Army, overe ‘threw the Rebels, and taking off che chief Heads of the Rebellion, committed the Charge of the Government to another Nobleman of Denmark, whom he left upon the Place. But one Yadde Bonde, a great Man of the Countrey, meditating a Revolt, drew Chap. V.- * ef MER ICH : 669 drew divers Perfons of principal note into Confpiracy with him, and was advan- cing to a formidable Power, had not the Bifhop given continual Intelligence of their Proceedings to the King’s Lieutenant, who thereupon employ’d Agents to the chief Accomplices of the Faétion, and what with fair Means and threatnings fo wrought with them, that they return’d to their Obedience, and forfook Todde, infomuch that he fying with a {mall Party, betook himfelf to a faftnefs at the Foot of Hieckelyeld, where being hemm’d in, thofe about him were flain, and he himfelf taken Prifoner ; and-becaufe no Man to whole fafe cuftody he was offer’d durft receive him, fo much dreaded was his Power, one Jonas, a bold courageous Fellow, flew him with his own Hand, and thereby put an end to all farther Tu: mults and Seditions. | So much have the People of this Ifland been ever addiged to Soréerie and Su- Sp i perftition, that notwithftanding the Profeffion of Chriftianity, and the frequent dita co Sor Preaching againft thofe Sins, efpecially fince the Reformation , the generality of pertition them are ftill wedded to many of thofe old diabolical Cuftoms, which were pta- ctis’d there in time of Paganifm ; and amongft other thingsthey are {aid to be ferv’d, many of them, by Spirits, which conftantly attend them, and (as Olaus Magnus writes of the Finlanders, they are oftentimes dealt with by Strangers, to fell them prof{perous Winds for Money, and (doubtlefs by the help of the Devil) perform the fame; as alfo onthe contrary, they arefaid by their Enchantments to ftop the — Courfe of a Ship, and make it as it were immovable, though in the Stream of ne- ver fo ptofperous a Gale. They are a proud, haughty People, and for the moft part endu’d with vaft ftrength of Body ; their Habit fo promifcuous, that neither Sex can be diftinguifh’d by it. They are not onely forward to proftitute their Daughters to thofe Germans that Trade with them at Hafnefords, but that Virgin who hath had to do with a German, fhall be fure to be {6 much the more efteem’d and Courted. : | The onely Towns and Buildings of note here, and thofe creéted but of late Aiges, Doma act are 1. Hafnefords, a Haven Town, chiefly frequented by Dutch Merchants for Traffick with the Natives. 2. Bedftede, the Refidence of the Lotd Lieutenant or Governor for the King of _ Denmark. . | 3- The Bifhops See of Halfar, having four Monafteties belonging to it, viz. Ping ore; Remeftede, Modor, and Monkeniere. 4. The Bifhops See of Schalbolt, to which alfo doth belong four Monafteries, viz. Vedey, Péernebar, Kirkebar, and Schirde. » The Nobles of I/eland are call’d Bonden ; their Jufticiaries or Judges, being twelve Their Plat in number, Lochmaders, that is, Men of Law or Juftice, who are faid to meet once cf Judicaure 4 year on the twenty ninth of June,to adminifter Juftice in 2 place ordain’d for that purpofe in the midft of the Ifland, appearing like fome feigned Paradice, fo pleas fant a place it is reprefented to be at that time of the year, being (as the Tradition goes) from a high burning Mountain like Hecla, confum’d to a Plain, and fo envi- ron’d with Rocks, that there was left: but a fmall Paflage for one at a time to enter. - Here the Governor having firft given the Charge, leaves the Trial of all Matters to the Lochmaders, who having diligently heard every Caufe argued on both fides, withdraw for a while to Confult together, and then proceed to Sentence, the fame Perfons being both Jury and Judge ; but if any Cafe of difficulty or {cruple arife, they confult the Governor. | Angrimus Jonas’s Relation of Ifeland differing much from what hath been deliver’d ea do by Blefkens, is not to be omitted. » He faich it was firkt difcover’d by one Naddocus, a o of Held, $1.7 * Ppp Pyrate, 670 AMERICA ~*~ Chap. Vz Pyrate, who goingtowards the Farenfian Iflands, was caft by Tempeft upon the Shore of Eaft-leland, near the Mountain Reidarfial ; and as he departed from the Coaft,. perceiving the tops of the higheft Mountains cover’d with avery deep Snow, call’d the Ifland Snelandia, that is, Snowy Countrey. Gardarw’s Upon the fame of Naddocus’s Difcovery, one Gardarus, the Son of Suavarws, 4 ioe. Swede, was defirous to make a Voyage thither, and arriving near the Eaftern Shore, - Winter’d in the Bay of Skialfanda,or North-I/land, in the Year of our Lord 864. ad call’d the Haven Hlu/cawick, from the Houfes or Wintering-places built there, as the next Haven to it was call’d Nartarawick, from Natrare, an eminent Mariner in this Expedition. Gardarws returning home about the beginning of ene Spring, call’d the Countrey from his own Name Gardarfholm. Fuce's Voy; Thenext that follow’d his Example, was one Flocco, a famous Pyrate, whofe fae Pace. Daughter Geirbilda being drown’d upon the Coaft of Schetland (anciently Hietland;) gave the Name of Geirbildarwata to the Sea thereabouts : Not having the ufe of the Mariners Compafs, he made ufe of Ravens for the fteering of his Courfe, and ha- ving fence forth two without fuccefs, by the guidance of thé third he had fight of the Eaftern fide of the Ifland ; and Steering Southward, he found a very wide Bay, between the Promontories Resikanes and Snefe/ne/s ; which Bay, from Faxa a Scot- tifh Mariner that accompany’d him, he nam’d Faxaos, that is, The Mouth of Faxa, though from its many Havens it came afterwards to be term’d Hofnafiordur. Sailing along the Weft: fide of the Ifland, he entred the Bay Bredafiord, and took uphis Quarters at Watnesfiordur, 2 Haven in the Province Bardoftraund (for by thefe Names thefe Places came afterwards to be known : )‘ Having ftay’d here two Winters, he return’d back into Norway, and is faid to have been the firft that gave this Countrey the Name of J/eland, from the great quantities of Ice which fill'd the Seasthereabouts, he alfo gave it the Name of Rafnaflock, from the Ravens which ferv’d.him in ftead of a Compafs. pa The laft and moft confiderable Adventurer was Ingulfius, the Son of Orn, Duke ay SS of Fyrdafilace in Norway, who, together with his Coufin Hiorleifus, that Marry’d his Sifter Helca, being adjudg’d to Banifhment by Hal/ten (to the Award of whofe Judgment they had fubmitted themfelves) upon the flaughter of his two Brethren, Holm/ften and Herften, (thefe three Brethren were the Sons of Atlas, one of the prime N oblemen of Norway) in a Quarrel, wherein Halften was chofen Umpire ; andal- fo detefting the Tyranny of Haraldus Pulchricomus, King of Norway, went over Gon- faloniere, or chief Leader of a great Colony of People, whom he rais’d for the fetling of a Plantation in fome foreign Countrey : Accompany’d with his Coufin Hior- leifus, he took Shipping for J/eland in the Year of our Lord 854. having been over to vific it about four years before ; he Landed at a Promontory on the South Shore, which from him took the Name of ' Ingulfholde, and at Reicharwick {etled his Habitarion, while Hiorleifus feated himfelf at the Promontory by him call’d Hore leifholda, where he built two very large Houfes, each being about a hundred and thirty Foot long; then he fet himfelf to Manure and Till the Ground, employing in that Work ten Slaves, whom he brought with him forthat pukpote out of Nor- way; but it was not long ere they traiteroufly fet upon him and flew him by an Ambufeade which they had laid for him ; after which they betook themfelves to certain lictle Ifles, which were nam’d Weftmafyar, where before they had well neft- led themfelves, the whole Race of them were rooted out by Ingulpbus, in revenge of his Kinfman’s Death. After this the Ifland grew daily moreand more populous by the coming over of new Families from Norway ; ; fo that at this day, itisa Place © The q. ; “Chap..Ve + AMER IGA. os >, The ancient Inhabitants of this Place (for it is to be filppos’d that there were People here before the coming over of Ingulfus) were call’d Pape Pappe, and the / Eaft fide of the Ifland, Papey, which agrees very well with the Names of two little ; Iflands on the Coaft of Scotland, Pappa and Weftrepappa, from which many conjecture ls as.alfo from feyeral Croffes and Bells found upon the Place, that there hath heen in former Ages a refort of the Irifh, and of the People of the NorthsWeit parts of Pu Scotland, — : The Eaftern Bound of Jfeland is call’d Aufturhorn; the Weftern, Randefandur + re pivc the Northern, Langanes ; and the Southern, Reicranes. The Ifland being divided om ef land, cording to the four Quarters of the World, -North-I/land is. fever’d from Eaft-Ifland by the aforefaid Promontory of Langanes ; from Weft-Ifland by Rutafiordur Bay ; from South-Ifland, by vaftand unpaflable Defarts. Between South-Ifland and Eaf- Ifland runneth the River Jocol/u, through the Defarts of Solfeimafande. Between — South-Ifland and We/t-I/land a famous River nam’d Albis, which emptieth it felf into the Bay of Bargarfiord. | _ *Tis a vulgar Opinion, that this Ifland is the fame which the Ancients call’d seiestand the Thule ; but upon confideration it will appear, that by the Ultima Thule taken notice anes” of by Virgil, Claudian, Statius, Pythias Mafsilienfis, Pliny, Seneca, Solinus, Tacitus, and others, is meant one of the Britifh Iles, amongft which were comprehended the Ifles on the North of Scotlgnd, as the Orcades, and {ome others, the utmoft of which wecall Schetland,and is very probable to be this Ultima Thule of the Ancients. Nova Zembla, lying under feyenty fix Degrees of Northern Latitude, and a hun- woos zem- dred and twelve Degrees and twenty fiye Minutes of Longitude, and being rece ers Rett | kon’d above two hundred Miles in length, was, together with the River Prora, eae ; - — — —EE = a ———: wie — — —s - - _+ en " — => ee and Straights of Weygats, di{cover’d, (and,as it is thought, firft of all) by Stephen Burs rough, who was fent out by the Mu/covia Company in the Year 1556, to find outa Way to Cathay by the North-Eaft. | Afterwards one Oliver Bunel, a Dutch-man, mov’d with the hope of Gain, went from Enkhuiffento Pecora; where (having firft difcover’d (oftinfarca in Nova Zembla) he loft all by Shipwrack. 7) The States-General nothing difcourag’d with the little fuccefs of thefe two Voyas i! gers, fent forth two Ships under the Command of Hugo Linfchot, to the Straights of r _Weygats,and two others under William Barrents, who were to go dire&tly Northwards for Nova Zembla : Linfchot. went fifty Miles beyond the Straights, but the Nor- ~ therly Winds and late Seafon of the year forc’d him to haften back with all poffible {peed. - William Barents and his Company were neceflitated inthe Year 1596. being not able to get off, in regard the Ice increas’d upon them more and-more, to take up their Winter Quarters there in a Cottage, which they made a fhift to caft up for their prefent neceflity, having much ado to defend themfelves againft the Bears, that continually aflaulted them. | This Countrey is generally deliver’d to be a barren and defart Countrey, full D Sigel of Wood indeed, but the Boughsas bare of Leaves, as the Ground of Grafs ; alfo sev — very incommodious to be travell’d through, by reafon of ies defartnefs, and the danger of Bears, great fierce Foxes, and fuch like ravenous Beafts, which féed onely pon Flefh, and which are the onely Beafts this Countrey harbors. : Ina fournal of Mts Henry Hudfon, there isto be found a much more favorable Defcription of the Countrey : ‘‘ Generally (faith he) the Land of Nova Zembla ‘chat we have feen, isto a Man’s Eye a pleafant Land, much Main High-land ‘¢ with no Snow on it, looking in fome places green, and Deer feeding thereon, “and the Hills partly cover’d with Snow, and partly bare. | Ppp z It W lloreghby- Tland, AMERICA. i Chap Ic fhould feem to*have been a receiv’d Opinion from the firk Difcovery of Nova Zembla, that it was inhabited by Pygmies, it being feveral times,in the Fournals of fome Voyages, mention’d particularly by the Name of The Land of Pygmies, but upon what certain Ground cannot in the leaft be difcover’d, for we find not from the Ru/sians (to whom the Place, by reafon of its Vicinity, is probable to have been fitft known) any other Account of the Inhabitants, but that they are a People wholly deftitute of civil Manners, and unlimited by Law or Religion, faving that they feemto give fome kind of Adoration to the Sun, Moon, and North-ftar, and’ have fome Qualities which {peak them rational Creatutes ; whereas the. Pygmies (if there be any fuch Creatures) are thought to have nothing of Humane but their Shape onely. , , Befides Nova Zembla there is not far from it another Ifland, known by the Name of Willoughby-Ifland, from Sir ugh Willoughby, the firft Difcoverer ; they both are of the Dominions of the (xar of Ru/Sia. Several Attempts for the difcovery of the North-Weft Paflage. VV i hath been difcover’d of Sea in the North or South parts of the World, is of no lefs Confequence than what hath been difcover’d of Land, and the Straight of Hudfon Northward, is no lefs confiderable than the Straight of Magellan South ; we fhall therefore compleat this Difcourfe of the Artick Region with a brief Mention of what Capes, Bays, Sounds, ec. have been found. out by thofe that have attempted to find a Paflage by the North»Weft to the Ea/t-Indies. | Not to infift upon the fabulous Stories of King Arthur's firft conquering Ireland, and then Sailing into the Northern Seas, and {ubduing Scantia, Ifeland, Groenland, and (as the Story faith) many other Iflands beyond Norway even under the Pole, ot of Malgo’s fubduing Ireland, Ifeland, the Orcades and Norway, ot O¢ther’s Reports to King Alfred of his Voyages to the North-Eaft parts beyond Norway, or the Voya- ges of the two famous Venetian Brethren, Nicolo and Antonio Zeni, or of Marcus Pan- lus Venetus, Odoricus and Vertomannus ; the firft Englifheman we hear of, that made an Expedition into thofe Northern Seas, was Sir Hugh Willoughby, before taken noti¢e of for the Difcovery of King James’s Newland and Willoughby-Ifland, inthe Year of our Lord 1553. | Stephen Burroughs (as hath been intimated) difcover’d amongft other Places, about the Year 1556. the Straight of Vaigats. | In the Year 1576. Sir Martin Forbifher fetting forth with two Barques, after he had been out about five Weeks, had fight of a High-land, which he nam’d Queen Elica Queen Blixabeths Foreland : Thence Sailing more Northerly to the heighth of about beths Forelan Forbifker’s Straight, , fixty two Degrees, hedefcry’d a great Sea or Inlet, which he entred, and thence it took the Appellation of Forbifher’s Straight. About two years after proceeding toa farther difcovery of it, he entred a good way into it, and took pofleffion of the utmoft Place he went to for Queen Elizabeth, who thereupon gave it the Name of Meta Incognita. | _ Aino 1580. Arthur Pett and Charles Fackman were fent out by the Ru/sian Company, - to make a Difcovery of the River 05, and pafling the Straight of Waigats, took pate | ticular obfervation of the Iflands and Places there, but not being able to pafs much farther, by reafon of the Ice, towards the latter end of the year they return’d. In profecution of this Difcovery to the North-Weft, Captain John Davis of San- druge in Devonfhire, madethree Voyages ; his firft Anno 1585. his fecond, 1587. in which he met with many ftrange Adventures ; but the main thing that accru’d | from : a Chap. V. » AMER ICA 673 from thefe Voyages, was the finding of a mighty Through-lec between valt and defart Iflands, to which his Name gave the Appellation of Fretum Davis, or Davis's sntole Straight. The next that went upon this Defign was Captain George Weymunth, who from the Year 1585 to 1602 made feveral Expeditions, which produc’d large Relations of ftrange Accidents that befell them, but litcle of Difcovery farther than what had been made before. Mr. Fames Hall, very noted for his Voyages to Groenland, (which before was by Captain Davis call’d Defolation) at his falling in with that Place nam’d a Head-land from the then King of Denmark, Cape Chriftianus, which fome think to be no other Cape Chita than Cape Farewel. Anno 1606. Mr. fobn Knight was fet out by the King of Denmark, of the Paflages of whofe Voyage little or nothing memorable is recorded. The next and moft famous Attempter in the difcovery of the North-Waft Paffage, was Henry Hudfon, who is {aid to have difcover’d farther Northward to the Pole than any before him. From the Year 1607 to 1610 he made feveral Voyages, be- ing fet out by Sir Thomas Smith, Sit Dudley Diggs, and Mr. John Woftenbolm, with - others that were his great Friends, and Advancers of fuch publick Defigns. In his laft Voyage the Ifles of Gods Mercy, Prince Flenry’s Foreland, King Fames’s Cape, Queen Annes Cape, Diggs’s Ifland, Cape Wojtenbolm, The King’s Foreland, Mount Charles, Cape Salisbury, &c. were firft taken notice of and nam’d, and,which were his princi- pal Difcoveries, and therefore worthily retaining his Name, Hadfon’s Straight and tudjen's Bay ; but in his return homeward he was fet upon in his Cabbin by one Green, Wil- Bay. fon, and others of their Confpiracy, and together with hisSon John Hludfon, Tho. Widdows. Arn. Ludlow, Sidrach Faner, and two or three more, was put over into a {mall Shallop, in which they were forc’d to feek their Fortune, and in all likeli- hood perifh’d, for they were never heard of after. Wot long after Green going on Shore upon a ftrange Ifland, was fhot from an Ambulcade of Salvages into the Heart; the like End had Wilfon, and three more of the Confpirators dy’d of their mortal Wounds, the reft with much ado got home in a very fick and weak Condi- tion, through the Hardfhips they had fuftain’d, and want of Provifions. There was alfo another Hudfon, who Anno 1608. went to the heighth of eighty one Degrees, and gave Names to certain Places, which continue to this day, as Whale-Bay, Hackluit’s Headland, and Hudfon’s Touches. By the Affiftance of Prince Henry, and thofe other Noble Perfons above men- tion’d, Captain Thomas Button fet out inthe Year 1612. and is faid to have pafs’d Hudfon’s Straight, and leaving Hudfon’s Bay to the South, to have Sail’d two hundred Leagues South-Weftward over a Sea above eighty Fathoms deep, which at length he difcover’d to be another great Bay, fince call’d Button's Bay: He is faid allo to Batons ae, have difcover'd a great Continent, which he call’d New Wales. Several other Voyagers there were in this great Attempt of the North-Wef? Paf- fage, as Captain Gibbons, Robert Bylot, William Baffins, and Captain William Flawkridge, who though they all came fhort of the main Enterprize, yet every one found out fome new Cape, Bay, or Promontory, of open’d a farther Paflage than had been before, as Bylot made known Cape Comfort ; Baffin, the Inlet call’d from him Baffins saffns By. Bay as alfo Six Fames Lancafter's Sound, Hawkridge, a farther Paflage into Lwmly’s lalet. From the Year 1616. to 1631. the Bufineds flepr, and then a Voyage was undet- taken by Captain Luke Fox, who at his Return gave very good hopes and encou- ragement, that the Work, fo long in profecution, was not impoflible to be effected ; neverthelefs, by reafon of the late troublefom Times it was again wholly laid | afide Ss ———- > i ——_— . : : “ » nd 5 a a a : 4 u» ~ - | aif ¥ ‘ a 6 - : af ae | 7 4. A s ' , ry Te: o. , MER ICA w “Chap afide for almoft forty*years; burt in the Veat 1668. feveral Perfons of Honor un. dertook to revive the Work, and cothat purpole furnifh’d out two Ships; which fet forth in June,and rerwsu'd abont the beginning of Oétcber the Year following, giving fo fatisfactory an Account of their Voyage, that-in the Year 1670..the fame Adyentuters thought fit to fend our two Ships more, fo furnith’d) as. to endure a Wintering there, which they did, with greater hopes than ever of finding out the North-Weft Paffage, befides a handfom Cargo of rich Furrs, which made ic More | than a faving Voyage; fo that ’tis fuppos’d this will not be the laft Attempr, but thac another will fuddenly follow. And it may well be obferv’d, that nothing confiderable hath been done, in this grand Enterprize, but by the Englifh, A brief View of what Places are poffes'd at this day inthe W eft-Indies by the Enelifh, Spaniards, French, P ortuguefe, and Dutch. to Bello, once the Spaniards. teh bef part.of America, wherein they have In Northern America they have. y. New adalajara, and Guatinalg. 2. The Tflands wardsthe Weft, which are in pofleiion guen, &¢. alfo St. Augufiine and St. Matthew in Florida, and a part of New Mexico. In Southern America, Caftilla d’ Oro or Golden Caftile, otherwife call’d Lerva Firma, in which are-the Audiences of Panama, andthe new Realm of Granada, ~ next Peru, in which are the Audiences of Quito, Lima, and La Plata ; laftly, Chiliand Paraguay, which comprehends the Countreys of Tucuman and.La Plate... . The French ha¥e in Canada, or Nova Francia, Montreal, the Rivers Quebeck, Ladoyfack Y and fome Places upon the great River of St. Lawrence ; alfo Accadie,or.Nova Stotia the Iile of Cape Breton, with the Fort'St. Peter, from whence they Traffick to Nepigiquit, with the Salvages of that Coaft ; partof the Ifle of LerresNeuve, Pemptagoet, St. Jean, Port-Royal; and other Fortrefles, Among the (aribbee-Iflands, part of St. Chxiffo- phers; Sts Bartholomew; St. Crux, St. Martin, Guadalupe, Defeado, Mari lante, *Fodos tos | Sanéhos, Martinico, St. Aloufie and Granada ; likewife fome Colonies #, the Welt of 3 ~ Edifpanisla, Upon the Continent of Southern America, onthe Coat of Guiana, the Ile” _ (ayene, where fiands the Fort of St. Michael de Ceperoux, now Fort Louis ; alfo the Colonies of Mathouri and Armire, Courrou, Coonama and Comaribo. | ‘The Portugue é poffefs all the Coaft of Brajfile in Southern America, with the fevera] Capitania’s or 5 Sei thereof, ©) | 2 Th “f The Dutch have onely the Ifles of Se. Enfiace and Saba, the Town of Coro in Terra Firma; the Colonies Boron, Efquib, Berebie; Aperwaque, and others, on the Coaft of Cuiang. » | FIN IS. a re | et re ee } | ‘ . . ’ “~s « | ‘ low, x *o 44 ; SS SS EIS E 5 Quant 26D Ss OAT