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UNITED STATES

EXPLORING EXPEDITION.

BY AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS.

af

QK
ie
B79

C,2.

UNDIED STaATis

EXPLORING EXPEDITION.

DURING THE YEARS

1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842.
UNDER THE COMMAYD OF

CHARLES WILKES, U.S.N.
VOL XVI.

BOTANY,

© REY PF: 2 -O::G@o Ar MM. fA.

FILICES,
INCLUDING LYCOPODIACEE AND HYDROPTERIDES.

BY

WILLIAM D. BRACKENRIDGE.

WITH A FOLIO ATLAS OF FORTY-SIX PLATES.

PHILADELPHIA: |
PRINTED BY €. SHERMAN.
1854.

‘ \ Q
WAT he AX ~~
\ a

PREFACE.

THE present volume, containing an enumeration and description of all
the Ferns collected during the voyage of the United States Exploring
Expedition, under Captain Charles Wilkes, in the years 1838 to 1842,
inclusive, was commenced by me, at the request of the Joint Library
Committee of Congress, as far back as the year 1846; but, owing to
other business claiming my attention, it was not ready for the press
until near the end of 1848. Circumstances wholly beyond my con-
trol having delayed the printing for several years, | have had the op-
portunity of revising portions of the manuscript by the aid of some
works recently published. There are, doubtless, many other works,
or scattered memoirs, which should have been consulted, but which
were not within my reach.

In this undertaking I have had to encounter many difficulties,
owing in the first place to the absence of a good botanical library in
Washington; and in the second place, to the want of a collection of
authenticated species of exotic Ferns in this country; a want which
must have been felt by every one who has had to study any extensive
collection of this family of plants. Ferns are so exceedingly diversi-
fied in the outline and division of their fronds, and many species of a
genus, and even of two distinct genera, so closely resemble each other
in their general aspect, that they often bafile the most sagacious bota-
nist, when he endeavours to determine the specimens before him by the
aid of descriptions only, or mainly, and especially by the short specific

B

vi PREFACE.

characters of the earlier authors; in whose day, the position and fori
of the sori, with the presence or absence, or the form and direction of
the indusium, comprised the only points of generic distinction. Such’
characters prove to be by no means satisfactory, as they frequently
brought species together which in habit and structure have little or
no affinity with each other.

By the publication, in 1836, of Dr. Presl’s “ Tentamen Pteridogra-
phie,’ and by Mr. John Smith, in 1840, of “An Arrangement and
Definition of the Genera of Ferns, &c., &c.,” a wider field has been laid
open, by the promulgation of new generic characters, derived from the
position and form of the sori, in conjunction with the nature of the
venation (the importance of which was long ago pointed out by Mr.
Brown); to which Pres] has added that of the form and number of
the vascular bundles in the stipe. These characters, especially those
taken from the subordinate modifications of the venation, have re-
sulted in a great multiplication of genera; many of which are based
upon single and trivial points of character, and might with more pro-
priety be viewed as sections or subgenera. The latter conviction has
been forced upon me during the progress of this work. But, under
the circumstances in which I was placed, I could not pretend to form
and act upon an independent judgment in respect to the generic
arrangement of Ferns in general. It was, therefore, not only con-
venient, but necessary, for me to follow some published system as a
whole, although I might entertain a confident opinion that the genera
were, in many cases, multiplied beyond what a sound judgment would
approve. Of the arrangements proposed, that of Dr. Presl is the
most elaborate, and accompanied by the most complete catalogue of
species and tables of illustrations; and it has been of the greatest use
in facilitating the study of Ferns. The generic characters, however,
which this author derives from the number of the bundles of vessels
in the stipe are neither satisfactory nor readily available, varying as
these bundles do in species of the same genus, both in form and num-
ber; yet specific characters of this kind might be employed to some -
advantage, particularly in the examination of living Ferns. But in the

PREFACE. vii

herbarium the stipes are frequently wanting or imperfect; and, when
present, these vessels in dried specimens are often very difficult to
distinguish.

The arrangement of Mr. John Smith appears to be a great im-
provement upon that of Presl; and his tribes and genera are better
circumscribed, and on the whole much more natural. Having adopted
in the present work the greater part of the divisions and genera as
established by that author, I may nevertheless take the liberty of
stating, that I do not altogether agree with him in the position he has
assigned to several genera and species in his system. To him and to
Dr. Presl, however, Pteridologists are highly indebted for the light
which their investigations have thrown upon a family of plants, the
genera of which had become cumbrous and unmanageable by the
accumulation of heterogeneous masses of species.

Of the species which are here characterized as new, some probably
have already been published, either as species which I have failed to
identify, or in recent works which were not accessible to me. I can
only say that I have endeavoured to prevent, as far as possible, such
an occurrence, by diligently consulting all the authorities which I
could command. And in the large collection of Ferns made by the
Expedition, most of them on islands in the Pacific Ocean which have
not heretofore been much visited by botanical collectors, and where
humidity, heat, and shade, elements conducive to the production of
Ferns, are combined in a high degree, surely as large a number of new
species as are here proposed was naturally to be expected.

The drawings for the accompanying atlas of plates, were made by
a young artist, Mr. William 8S. Lawrence, and he also engraved the
plates. As it was his first attempt at this kind of drawing, and not
being constantly under my supervision, there frequently occurred
omissions, or but partial representations of the minor details; such
as the greater or less hirsuteness of the stipes, rhachis, and costa,
or in respect to other appendages. This will account for the dis-
crepancies in some few cases between the plates and the letter-press,
in these respects.

viii PREFACE.

In the preparation of this volume, the greatest advantage has been
derived from the works of Sir William Hooker, particularly his Genera
Filicum, wherein many of the genera of Dr. Pres] and Mr. John Smith
are characterized and beautifully illustrated; also from his Apecies
Filicum (of which we have seen only the first volume, with two parts
of the second); a work which, when completed, will have accom-
plished more in reducing the vast array of nominal species to an in-
telligible state, than any work which has yet appeared. M. Spring’s
admirable monograph of the Lycopodiacee has facilitated the determi-
nation of our species of Lycopodium and Selaginella.

It has become unnecessary here to discuss those interesting ques-
tions which relate to the geographical distribution of the genera and
species of Ferns, and the numerical proportions they bear to the rest
of the vegetation, in the regions where our collections were principally
made; since this portion of the work has devolved upon a naturalist
of the Expedition more capable of doing justice to the subject. It
will be noticed in the body of this volume, however, that the same
Fern has very frequently been met with in two or more remote parts
of the globe ;—clearly showing that species of this family have a more
extensive geographical range than has been generally supposed.

I cannot close these prefatory remarks without tendering my grate-
ful acknowledgments to Dr. John Torrey, of New York, and Dr. Asa
Gray, of Cambridge, for the liberality with which books from their
libraries have been supplied or consulted, and especially for assistance
afforded in translating my English specific characters into Latin. Dr.
Gray has also done me the favour to look over the proofs as the work
was passing through the press. My thanks are also due to Mr. J.
Drayton, for the care bestowed by him in superintending the engrav-
ing of the plates.

‘Wasuineron, August, 1854.

BOL ae NY,

CRYPTOGAMIA.

FILICES.
Div. l. POLYPODIACEA, RB. Br.

Deep, 2B 0-0 ¥ 0 PO.eD: (Ts Ee al,» od. Siac

1 GRAMMITIS, Sw, J. Sm.

1. GRAMMITIS NANA, Sp. Nov.

G. rhizomate brevi repente paleaceo; fronde integra lineari-lanceolata
obtusa basi attenuata; venis furcatis; soris planis obliquis.

Has. Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego: among loose rocks;
frequent.

Ruvotstock about one inch long, slender, creeping, covered with pale
brown reticulated scales: rootlets hard, filiform, and rufous-tomentose.
Fronds entire, numerous, from one to 4 inches in length, limear-
lanceolate, obtuse at the point, very much attenuated at the base. Ves
forked, immersed, not perceptible to the naked eye, except when held
up between it and the light. Sort plane, oblique, produced on the

upper half of the frond, the sporangia becoming confluent.
1

9 FILICES,

Closely allied to the G. australis of Robert Brown, the fronds of
which have a short pilose stipe; and, judging from a figure of it in
the Voyage of the Astrolabe and Zélée, that species is czespitose ;
while in our plant the rootstock is creeping, and the hairs at the base
of the stipe are wanting.

2. GRAMMITIS SERRULATA, Sw.

Grammitis serrulata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 22; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 141; Raddi, Plant.
Brasil. 1, p. 11, t. 22, f. 2.
Xiphopteris serrulata, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 85.

Has. Hstrella Pass, Organ Mountains, Brazil: on trees; frequent.

2 CALYMMODON, Pres.

(Potypopir Spec. Nees & Blume.)

1. CALYMMODON HiRTUS, Sp. Nov.

C. ceespitosus; stipite brevi alato; frondibus linearibus profunde pin-
natifidis hirsutis; pinnis inferioribus sterilibus oblongis obtusis, supe-
rioribus suboblongis cucullatis monosorosis ; soris oblongis.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Philippine Islands: on trees.

The plant is 8 to 4 inches high, cespitose, with a short winged
stipe, about one-fourth of an inch in length. Fronds linear, deeply
pinnatifid, membranaceous, of a pale straw-colour, and with long
hairs on both sides. Lower segments oblong, obtuse, distant, and sterile,
with the sinus rounded; those of the upper half of the frond some-
what oblong, cucullate, and bearing within the cowl near the point u
single oblong sorus.

This appears to be altogether distinct from the C. cucullatus of
Presl, which has subcoriaceous and glabrous fronds, quite destitute
of hairs.

POLYPODIACE &.

Qs

38. POLYPODIUM, Linn, J. Sm.

(ADENoPHORUS, Gaud. Marernarta, Bory.)
x CrENoPTERIS, Presl, J. Sm.
1. Potypopium PsEuDO-GRAMMITIS, Gaud.

Polypodium pseudo-grammitis, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 8345; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 103, t. 21, f. B.
Grammitis tenella, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 84.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees.

The linear, slightly undulated fronds of this species, when growing
in shady localities, are “very tender and membranaceous,” as stated
in the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage; but in open and exposed loca-
lities, they are rigid and coriaceous.

2. PoLYPoDIUM SUBSPATHULATUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)

P. rhizomate ceespitoso; frondibus paucis, sterilibus spathulatis stipitatis
integris coriaceis glabris, fertilibus lineari-lanceolatis basi attenwatis
margine cum stipite sparsim setosis; venis furcatis; soris biserialibus
distantibus subimmersis fere ovulibus ; sporangis echinatis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on trees, in mountain forests.

Rootstock ccespitose, short, and squamose. fronds few and very
dissimilar in form; the sterile one, including the short stipe, 1 to lz
inches high, spatulate in form and destitute of setae; the fertile, 4 to o
inches in length, linear-lanceolate, the base attenuating on a: slender
stipe of about an inch in length, which, with the margin of the frond,
is sparsely beset with short and brown sete. Veins slender and forked,
partially visible to the naked eye on the upper side. Sor of a
slightly oval form, subimmersed, distant, confined to the upper half of
the frond, and forming a single line equidistant between the costa
and margin; the sporangia echinate.

4 FILICES.

The spatulate sterile fronds, and the fertile ones with partially
immersed sori, equidistant between the costa and margin, readily dis-
tinguish this from P. Hookeri, of this work.

Prate 1.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. Section of a
frond, with a single sorus. 16. Echinate sporangium.—The details
more or less magnified.

3. PoLYPoDIUM CONFORME, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)

P. rhizomate ceespitoso ; stipitibus brevibus ; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis
obtusis basi attenuatis membranaceis glabris ad marginem paullulum
repandum costamque setosis ; venis furcatis; soris biserialibus approxt-
matis planis rotundis costee proximis ; sporangiis echinatis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on rocks and trunks of trees, at an
altitude of 2,000 feet.

Ltootstock coespitose, about half an ineh high, imbricated with pale
chatty scales, the rootlets capillaceous, branching, and slightly rufous-
hirsute. Stipes short and setose. Fronds 4 to 6, smooth and membra-
~naceous, about 4 inches long, linear-lanceolate and slightly attenuated
towards the base, the margin very slightly repand, and, with the costa,
setose; the hairs of a dark brown colour. Lines of round sori usually
on the upper half of the frond, close to the costa, approximating, but
seldom confluent. Sporangia seated on a long pedicel, echinate.

This differs from P. subspathulatum by the plane sori, and their
proximity to the costa; and from P. Hookeri, by its membranaceous,
smooth fronds, and very short stipes.

Pratt 1.—Fig. 2. Plant, of the natural size. 2a. Section of a
frond, with a single sorus. 26. Echinate sporangium.—The details
more or less magnified.

4. Potyropium Hooxert.

Polypodium setigerum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 103, t.21, f. A. (non Blume. )

POLYPODIACE &. 5

Has. Sandwich Islands. Mount Maijaijai, Luzon, Philippine
Islands.

In many of our specimens, the stipes are thrice the length of those
shown in the figure quoted above, with the sori often continuing
downwards to the base of the fronds; added to which, we find the
sporangia to be echinate.

5. Potypopium Minimum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)

P. cespitosum ; frondibus linearibus sinuato-pinnatifidis glabris, apice
integro crenato sorifero, lobis alternis subrotundis ; venis simplicibus ;
soris ovalibus planis (demum) confluentibus.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees.

Rootstock short, ccespitose and squamose, with black and wiry roots.
Fronds 3 to 6 in a tuft, slightly undulate and smooth, usually about
2 inches long, linear and sinuately-pinnatifid, with rather more than
-a third of their length towards the point entire, slightly crenate and sori-
jerous; the costa usually black and prominent. Veins simple and
evident to the naked eye. Sort oval, of a dark-brown colour, wlti-
mately becoming confluent, and concealing the under surface and costa
of the frond. Sporangia seated on a very long pedicel.

This bears a very marked resemblance to the Grammitis serrulata
of Swartz; but its rootstock is thicker and constantly much shorter,
the fronds less erect, with the lobes at the base rounded, towards the
point crenate.

Pirate 1.—Fig. 3, 3. Plants, of the natural size. 3a. Section of
the fertile part of a frond. 30. Sporangium. The dissections more
or less magnified.

6. PoLypopIUM HAALILIOANUM,* Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)
P. ceespitosum ; frondibus undulatis membranaceis linear-lanceolatis
* Tn memory of M. Haalilio, an intelligent chief of the Sandwich Islands, who visited

this country a few years ago, and died soon after his return to his native country.
2

6 FILICES.

obtusis sinuato-pinnatifidis basi attenuatis, laciniis alternis rotundato-
triangularibus, costa nigra ; venis simplicibus ; soris planis orbiculatis
solitariis ; sporangus cum glandulis clavatis intermixtis.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in mountains, on trees.

Rootstock ceespitose, short, erect and squamose; the rootlets black,
capillaceous and branching. Stipes short, almost wanting. Fronds 4
to 6 in number, membranaceous, slightly curved or undulated, 5 to 5
inches long, linear-lanceolate and obtuse at the point; the base atte-
nuated ; margin sinuately pinnatifid, and in many of the fronds,
bluntly serrate towards the point. Lobes alternate, rounded-trian-
gular, each bearing a single round sorus close to the black, slender,
aud prominent costa. Veins simple and sunk. Sporangia intermixed
with clavate glandular hairs.

Allied in habit to the Grammitis myosuroides of Swartz; but the
fronds are attenuated at the base, and the sori strictly those of Poly-
podium.

Puate 1.—Fig. 4, 4. Plants, of the natural size. 4a. Section of a
frond, with a single sorus. 46. Glandular hairs mixed with the spo-
rangia. 4c. Sporangium. The dissections all more or less magnified.

7. Potypopium conticuum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2.)

P. rhizomate brevi repente ; frondibus stipitatis coriaceis glabris subfal-
catis profunde pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongo-linearibus alternis integris
obtusis ; venis obscuris simplicibus ; soris approximatis ovalibus planis
setosis.

Has. Muthuata Mountains, Feejee Islands; at an altitude of 2,000
feet.

The rootstock of this species, contrasted with the size of its fronds,
is very thick and short, creeping, densely imbricated with light-brown,
linear, attenuated, reticulated scales. Fronds on a short, partially
winged stipes, approximate, from 3 to 5 inches long, subfalcate, their
circumscription lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, and narrowing gradually

POLYPODIACES, 7

into an entire point about half an inch in length, with an attenuated
base, smooth, coriaceous in texture, and of a paler colour on the under
than on the upper surface; the segments oblong-linear, alternate, entire,
towards the point triangular, subrotund at base, and decurrent on the
stipes. Rhachis black, glossy, and prominent on the under side, with
scattered, horny scales. Veins sunk and simple, seldom forked. Sort
plane, oval, nearer to the margin than costa, 6 to 8 on each segment,
becoming confluent; a few short sete intermingled with the sporangia.

Although much smaller, yet in the habit, consistency, form, and
divisions of its fronds, our plant is not unlike the Davallia contigua
of Swartz.

Prats 2.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. 1a. Section of a
frond, showing sori. 10. Hairs from among the sporangia. 1c, Hairs
from the under side of the rhachis. 1d. Sporangium and spores.
Dissections more or less magnified.

8. Potyproprum pecorum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2.)

P. rhizomate brevi repente paleaceo ; frondibus breviter stipitatis linearr-
lanceolatis coriaceis glabris acuminatis basi attenuatis pectinato-pin-
natifidis, laciniis linearibus alternis integris obtusis ; rhachide nigro
subtus prominente ; venis pinnatis obscuris ; soris obliquis subimmersis
solitartis demum confluentibus.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests, on trees.

Rootstock short and creeping, densely imbricated with linear, very
much attenuated, brown, reticulated palew. Fronds few, erect, coria-
ceous and smooth, pale on the under surface, about 6 inches long,
linear-lanceolate, somewhat acuminated at the point, with an attenuated
base, pectinate-pinnatifid. Segments alternate, spreading, those about
the middle of the frond linear, obtuse, near to the apex and at the base
they are triangular-ovate, and decurrent on a smooth stipes, of about
half an inch in length. Rhachis black and prominent on the under side,
with a few scattered, fugacious, dark-brown sets, which sometimes
are found in tufts opposite the base of the sinus. Veins obscure, and
sunk in the thick substance of the segments, invariably pinnate. Sori
from 8 to 12 on asegment, subimmersed, oblong, solitary, and of a dark-

g FILICES.

brown colour, in age becoming confluent ; a few hairs are intermingled
with the sporangia.

This has more erect and slender fronds, with narrower segments,
and more numerous oblong sunken sori, than the preceding species.
Perhaps its nearest affinity is to P. rigescens of Bory, from which,
however, it is also very distinct.

Puiate 2.—Fig. 2. Plant, of the natural size. 2a. Portion of a
frond. 26. Hairs from under side of the rhachis. 2c. Hairs from
among the sporangia. 2d. Sporangium. Dissections all more or less
magnified.

9. Potypoptum ApENopHoRUS, Hook. & Arn.

Polypodium Adenophorus, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 104, t. 22 (opt.).
P. pendulum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 349.
Adenophorus pinnatifidus, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 365.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees.

This has a creeping rootstock and pendent fronds. A state of it
exists in the collection, which has dentate segments.

10. Potypropium sARMENTOSUM, Sp. Nov. (PI. 2.)

P. cespitosum, sarmentosum ; stipitibus brevi subalato ; frondibus erectis
subcoriaceis oblongo-lanceolatis caudato-acuminatis profunde pinnati-
fidis subtus sparsim setoso-glandulosis ; laciniis linearibus obtusis re-
pando-dentatus; rachide sparsim setoso ; venis manifestis pinnatis ;
soris orbiculatis distantibus irregularibus ; sporangiis cum glandulis
clavatis articulatis intermiatis.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on rocks and decayed wood, frequent.

Plant ceespitose, the roots near the surface of the ground producing
at irregular distances from the parent stock, small, scaly buds, which
ultimately form new plants by throwing out roots and fronds. Fronds

POLYPODIACE &. 8)

erect, coriaceous, from 3 to 5 in a tuft, arising from a short, globose,
squamose rootstock, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in form, and con-
tracting rather suddenly into a narrow dentate point, smooth on the
upper, with scattered, reddish, clavate glands on the under surface,
from 3 to 6 inches long and deeply pinnatifid; segments alternate,
spreading and irregular in their length, linear, obtuse, those at the base
triangular and decurrent on the short stipes, their margin repand-
dentate. Ehachis of a brownish-black colour, subrotund, prominent,
and sparsely setose on both sides. Sort round, from 1 to 7 on a seg-
ment, solitary and irregular in their disposition. Sporangia intermixed
with pinkish-coloured, clavate, articulated glands.

Allied to the preceding, but distinct and well marked as a species.

Puiate 2.—Fig. 8, 3. Plant, of the natural size—3a. Section of
a segment with a sorus. 36. Hairs from among sporangia. 3c.
Hairs from under surface of frond. 3d. Sporangium. More or less
magnified.

11. PoLypoprum VULGARE, Linn.

Polypodium vulgare, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 172; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 100; Hook. Fl.
Bor. Am. ii. p. 258.

Var. 0. Frondibus magnis triangulari-oblongis, laciniis serratis.

Has. Port Discovery, Straits of Juan de Fuca, and sand-hills, vici-
nity of Gray’s Harbour, Oregon; @, Island of Madeira.

We do not find that the Oregon plant differs in any important par-
ticular from the European form of the species; the outline of the
fronds and position of the sori being similar; with the segments per-
haps a little more acute. In var. @, the fronds are larger, more
membranaceous, with broad, obtuse, serrate segments.

12. PoLypopIUM INTERMEDIUM, Hook. et Arn.

Polypodium intermedium, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 405; Hook. Fl. Bor.
Am. ii. p. 258.

P. Scouleri, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. 56?
3

10 FILICES.
Has. San Francisco, California.

The founders of this species considered it distinct from P. vulgare
of Linneeus, on account of its oval sori and pellucid fronds, with the
segments becoming smaller at the base; the first two of these cha-
racters being the only ones which apparently present any claims to
constancy, induces us to retain the species; we think, however, that
the P. Scouleri of Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum, is not speci-
fically distinct from the present one, as in the work referred to, it is
represented as having a forked free venation; in which particular, as
well as in the circumscription of the fronds, it accords with forms in
our possession, of what we are perfectly satisfied belong to the true
P. intermedium of the authors of the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage.

In Hooker’s Flora Boreali Americana, we find the P. Scoulera
referred to P. (Marginari) Californicum of Kaulfuss, which latter has
the lower exterior venules free and fertile, the upper ones angularly
anastomosing; while Presl more properly places it in his Ctenopteris
division of Polypodiwm, in which the venules are all free.

13. Potypopium PELLucIDUM, Kaul/.

Polypodium pellucidum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 101; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 356;
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 103.

Var. B. Laciniis lineari-lanceolatis, acumimatis.
Var. y. Laciniis lobato-dentatis ; lobis Jertilibus.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees, and in open plains on decom-
posed lava, frequent; on Mauna Loa, at an altitude of 8000 feet.

Though closely allied to P. vulgare, yet the fronds are usually
larger, more coriaceous and rigid, with obtuse repand-dentate seg-
ments, and sori seated closer to the margin; veins pellucid, with a
faint nervule perceptibly leading from the sori, and terminating in
the sinus of the teeth, being an apparent continuation of the fertile
veinlet. Plant altogether very variable in the form and indentations

POLYPODIACES. 11

of its segments. The forms @ and y may be considered the two
extremes of these variations.

14. Potypopium PpLumULA, H. B. K.

Polypodium plumula, H. B. K. in Willd. Spec. Pl. v. p. 178; Raddi, Plant. Brazil, p.
18, t. 27, f. 1; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 855 (excl. synon.)

Has. Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Plant averaging from 10 to 12 inches high. Fronds lanceolate,
and attenuated at both ends, deeply pinnatifid. Segments direct and
horizontal.

15. PoLypoDIuM PARADISE, Langsd..d& Fisch.

Polypodium paradisex, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 11; Willd. Spec. Pl. v., p. 179 ;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 105.

Has. Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

The fronds of this average in height from 18 inches to 3 feet.
They are pinnate at base, and deeply pinnatifid towards the point ;
with subalternate lanceolate-linear, slightly repand, obtuse or acute
flexuous segments, from 2 to 3 inches long. Stipes and rhachis round
and rufous-pubescent.

Although Gaudichaud has united this to the preceding, it is never-
theless very distinct; and both may be viewed as among the most
handsome species of this tribe.

16. PoLYPoDIUM RECLINATUM, Sp. Nov.

P. ceespitosum ; stipitibus brevi tereto hirsuto ; frondibus flaccidis pendulis
hirsutes linearibus pennatis; pinnis adnatis alternis ovatis valovato-
oblongis basi superiore subariculato, costa flecuosa; venis pinnatis ;
soris biserialibus orbiculatis approximatis ; sporangiis echinatis.

12 FILICES,

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on rocks and trees.

Rootstock short, globose, and squamose-hirsute, with capillaceous
smooth branching rootlets. Stipes about half an inch long, round,
slender, and hirsute. Fronds flaccid from 6 to 10 inches in length,
pendulous in their direction, linear, obtuse, and pinnate, hirsute on
both sides, the hairs brown. Pinne alternate, horizontal, 5 lines long
and 8 lines broad, ovate or ovate oblong, two-thirds of the base adnate,
the superior one auriculate, bearing from 8 to 10 round approximate
sori, with echinate sporangia.

On first inspection, we considered this as a mere form of P. cul-
tralum, Willdenow, but a farther and more careful examination of
the hairs on the surface and margin of the pinne, with the echinate
sporangia, in a great measure convinced us that it is distinct. Will-
denow’s description, however, is very short and unsatisfactory.

17. PotypopiumM TENELLUM, Forst.

Polypodium tenellum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 88 et 233; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 185; R. Br.
Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 147; A. Cunningh. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. p. 363.

Has. New Zealand: in forests, banks of the Waicaddie River, and
vicinity of the Bay of Islands; Illawarra, New South Wales.

This has a very slender, branching, and paleaceous rootstock,
ascending the trunks of trees, but sometimes found rambling over
rock sand decayed timber. Fronds scattered, imparipinnate, with a
short suleate, sparsely paleaceous stipes. Pinne distant, alternate,
subcoriaceous, lanceolate, and slightly acuminate, with a repand-den-
tate margin; base unequal and cuneate, with the superior part trun-
cate-auriculate. Sori round, solitary, and seated near the margin.

18. PoLypoDIuM TAMARISCINUM, Kaulf.

Polypodium tamariscinum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 117.

Adenophorus bipinnatus, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 365, t. 8, f. 2; Hook. & Grey. Ic.
Fil. t. 174; Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 105.

A. tamarisci, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 175.

POLYPODIACEAE. 13
Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees, frequent.

Kaulfuss, in establishing this species, apparently had before him
one of its extreme states; for he describes the fronds as “ovate-
oblong, with a caudate and simply pinnatifid apex.” But it very gra-
dually passes from this state to its more usual form, which is lanceo-
late, and a little attenuate at both ends, of which the figure of Adeno-
phorus bipinnatus of Gaudichaud in Freycinet’s Voyage, 1s a good
illustration.

19. PoLyPoDIUM HYMENOPHYLLOIDES, Kauwi/.
Polypodium hymenophylloides, Kaulf., Enum. Fil. p. 118.
Adenophorus minutus, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 364, t. 8, f. 3.

A. hymenophylloides, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 176; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech.
Voy. p. 105.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees.

The figure of this species in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum,
represents the more robust state of the plant, as well as the broadest
form that the frond assumes, it being usually linear, and in many of
our specimens, as much as 9 inches in length. It is very frequently
pendent in habit.

20. PoLYPODIUM TRIPINNATIFIDUM.
Adenophorus tripinnatifidus, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 365, t. 8, f. 1.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees.

The rootstock of this is more slender, and creeps to a greater dis-
tance, with both stipes and fronds longer, and the lacinize narrower
and more acute than in P. tamariscinum.

* * PHEGoprerts, Presl, J. Sm.
21. Potypopium vestituM, Raddt.

Polypodium vestitum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 24, t. 36.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.
4

14 FILICES.

Only the upper half of a frond of this is in the collection; but that
is in sufficiently good condition to enable us to identify it as Raddi’s
plant.

92. PoLyPopIUM FORMOSUM, Raddt.
Polypodium formosum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 25, t. 38; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 861.
Has. Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, and Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The veins of this are branched, but the lower venules occasionally
unite with the next ones above, forming elongated areoles. In the
plant from the Organ Mountains, the margins of the segments are fur-
nished with a few scattered setose hairs.

93. Potypopium caupATuM, Laddt.
Polypodium caudatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 35, t. 39; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 361.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Raddi takes no notice of the attenuated, reticulate, brown paleze on
the rhachis and costa beneath; otherwise the description and outline
of the figure given by him are good.

24. Pouyropium ProceruM, Sp. Nov. (Pl. 3.)

P. rhizomate repente ; frondibus elongatis erectis bipinnatis ; pinnis oppo-
sitis sessilibus horizontalibus lineart-attenuatis basi pinnatis versus
apicem pinnatifidis ; pinnulis subalternis oblongis obtusis crenats ;
rhachi generali glabro, partialibus costis venisque subtus pubescentibus,
facie superiorr setosa ; venis dichotomis; soris parvis distantibus soli-
tariis; sporangtis echinatis.

Haz. Sandwich Islands: in the thickets of low trees.

Rootstock creeping. Fronds few, attaining a height of 6 to 8 feet,

POLYPODIACE &. 15

with an obtusely angular, stout, erect, smooth stipes, and main rha-
chis; the breadth of the frond at base about 18 inches, contracting
_ very gradually upwards for the first 2 or 3 feet, then terminating in
an acuminate point, and bipinnate. Pinne about 2 inches apart,
opposite or somewhat alternate, sessile and horizontal, sometimes a little
undulate, linear, and attenuating into a lobate serrate point, pinnate at
the base. Pinnules numerous, somewhat alternate, about an inch in
length, oblong, obtuse, coarsely crenate-dentate, the surface punctulate.
Partial rhachis of a pale straw-colour, setose on the upper side ; the under
side, together with that of the costa, furnished with a pale short pubes-
cence. Sori either irregular or biserial.

In habit, this bears a strong resemblance to the P. Keraudrenianum
of Gaudichaud; but is very distinct in the form and size of the divi-
sions of its fronds.

PuatEe 3.—Fig. 1. Section of frond, of the natural size. a. Under
side of a portion of a fertile pinnule. 06. Hairs from the veins on the
under surface. c,c¢. Sporangia. The analyses magnified.

25. PoLypoptum KERAUDRENIANUM, Gaud,

Polypodium Keraudrenianum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 362, t. 7.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on the margins of forests, among bushes
and low trees.

The fronds of this species, which are very long and slender, rise to
the height of 12 to 15 feet. They are sustained in a more or less
erect position by the reflected points of the pinne, which bend over
and around the branches and stems of neighbouring plants. Another
peculiarity in this Fern is, that the fronds continue to grow at the
point, while at the same time, for a distance of 2 to 3 feet from the
base upwards, they are fully developed, and bearing ripe sori.

26. PoLYPoDIUM CRINALE, Hook. & Arn.

P. cespitosum, stipitibus crassis sulcatis dense paleaceis ; frondibus bipin-

16 FILICES.

natis ; pinnis alternis divaricatis ; pinnulis pinnatifidis oblongo-lanceo-
latis obtusis rigidis, laciniis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis obtusis, margine
crenato incurvo; rhachi costaque paleaceo-crinitis ; venis costeformt-
bus pinnatis; soris ad basim crenularum positis.

Polypodium crinale, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 105.
Has. Sandwich Islands: in forests, on the island of Hawaii.

Plant from 4 to 6 feet high, and rusty in its aspect. Rootstock
tufted. Stipes half an inch in diameter at the base, erect, and sulcate
in front; the surface, when divested of its dense coating of long slen-
der brown palea, is of a pale straw-colour. Fronds large and bipin-
nate, with as many as 6 sori on the inferior, and only a solitary sorus
on the superior segments. Sort seated at the base of a crenule, near its
superior margin.

27. PoLYPODIUM NEMORALE, Sp. Nov.

P. ceespitosum ; stipitibus glabris teretibus bast paleaceis ; frondibus laxis
bipinnatis ; pinnis adscendentibus, inferioribus distantibus ; pinnulis
oblongo-lanceolatis attenuatis sessilibus sursum decurrentibus profunde
pinnatifidis, lacinis linearibus obtusis serratis; rhachi sursum pube-
scente; costa venisque furcatis utringue villosis; soris parvis ad basim
dentium solitaris.

Haz. Tahiti, Society Islands; and Tutuila, Samoan Islands: inha-
biting open places in mountain forests.

Fronds lax and bipinnate, from 3 to 9 feet high, arising from a
short rootstock, with a stout, smooth, round stipes, about 18 inches
long, furnished with slender fimbriated palez at the base. Pinne
rather undulated and inclined to ascend; the inferior 2 or 3 pairs
distant: these, together with the deeply pinnatifid pinnules, contract
gradually into a finely serrate point. Segments 4 to 6 lines long,
13 lines broad, linear, obtuse, and serrate. Primary and secondary
rhachis round and smooth on the under, and with a prominent rib on
the upper side, clothed with a close white pubescence ; the costa and forked
veins villose on both sides. Sori small, distant, and biserial, with a single
sorus seated on the middle of the base of each tooth or serrature.

POLYPODIACEX#. 17

28. PoLYPODIUM UNIDENTATUM, Hook. & Arn.

P. cespitosum ; frondibus decompositis laxis glabris tripinnatis ; pinnulis
pinnatifidis lanceolatis attenuates, laciniis oblongis vel lanceolato-ob-
longis obtusis subfalcatis crenato-serratis ; rhachi glabra sulcata; venis
dichotomis.

Polypodium unidentatum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 105.
Has. Sandwich Islands: on the outskirts of forests.

Fronds from 2 to 3 feet high, decompound, with a smooth, sulcate,
stramineous stipes and rhachis; the primary and secondary divisions
lax, distant, and spreading. Segments of the pinnules varying in size
and form, according to their position on the frond; their margin
crenate-serrate, with a sharp tooth near the base of the sinus on its
lower side. Sori seated on one side and close to the base of a sinus.

29. Potypopium SANDWICENSE, Hook. & Arn.
Polypodium Sandwicense, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 106.
Has. Sandwich Islands: in forests of Hawaii.

This has large tripinnate fronds, from 3 to 4 feet high, with smooth
spreading pinne; the ultimate divisions pellucid-punctate, oblong,
obtuse, closely serrated with fine incurved sharp teeth. Rhachis and
costa sulcate on the upper side, bearing scattered, long, slender pales.
Veins very evident and forked, with numerous distant sori, seated
close to the margin on the inner side of a tooth.

The whole plant has a good deal the habit of the preceding, but is
withal distinct.
30. PoLyropium ruGuLosuM, Labill.

f Polypodium rugulosum, Labill. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 206; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov.
Holl. p. 147; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 122; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 52.
5

18 FILICES.

Has. New Zealand; in the vicinity of the Bay of Islands. Val-
paraiso, Chili.

Kaulfuss united to Labillardiere’s P. rwgulosum, which is said to be
a native of New Holland, a fern from Chili; in which he is followed
by Hooker and Arnott. For ourselves, we had some doubts at first,
as to the identity of our New Zealand plant with the one from
Chili; but a careful comparison has convinced us that they are one
and the same species; the Chilian plant being.only a little more
rigid than the New: Zealand one, which slight difference may be the
' result of locality or climate.

31. PoLyPopIUM DIVERGENS, Willd.

Polypodium divergens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 209.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

We doubt very much whether the P. efusum of Swartz be speci-
fically distinct from this. The segments of our plant are perfectly
smooth and naked, with a very partial pubescence on the upper side
of the stipes, rhachis, and costa.

32. PoLypopIUM PALLIDUM, Sp. Nov.

P. ceespitosum ; stipitibus scabro paleaceo ; fronde ampla tripinnata ; pin-
nulis lineari-oblongis obtusis adnatis decurrentibus, inferioribus pinna-
tifidis, superioribus crenatis, lacinus ovato-oblongis obtusis, margine
recurvato, apice dentato, rhachi costa venisque paleaceo-hirsutis ; venis
dichotomis ; soris parvis numerosis juxta marginem positis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in woods near Point Venus.

Plant ccespitose. Stipes about 2 feet long, of a pale straw-colour,
oval and slightly compressed, with two whitish marginal bands in
front, which extend to the main rhachis; the surface roughish to the
touch, and throughout sparsely furnished with pale, long, slender, fim-

POLYPODIACES, 19

briated pales. Fronds tripinnate; the primary divisions distant and
spreading, the ultimate ones approximate. Rhachis, costa, and dicho-
tomous veins, on both sides paleaceous-hirsute, the bleached colour of
the palese imparting a peculiar blanched aspect to the whole plant.
Sort small and numerous on the upper half of the frond, seated close to

the recurved margin of the segments. Sporangia brown, with very
short. pedicels,

4, ALLOSORUS, Bernh., J. Sm.
(PTERIDIS, Spec. Linn. CryproGRAmMa, R. Br.)
ALLOSORUS ACROSTICHOIDES.

Cryptogramma acrostichoides, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 29; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer.
2, p. 264.

Has, Mount Rainier range, Oregon; among loose rocks.

We possess only the sterile fronds, and these are in a very young
state.

5. NOTHOCHLANA, R. Br, Presi.
(AcrosticuI, Spec. Linn. NotHocutans, Spec. Kaulf. & Auct.)
1. NoTHOCHLANA SINUATA, Kaul.

N. rhizomate brevi repente; frondibus subbipinnatifidis; pinnis ovatis
petiolatis, inferioribus pinnatis, superioribus pinnatifido-dentatis subtus
paleaceo-squamosis supra viridis parce hirsutis.

Nothochleena sinuata, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 135.
Acrostichum sinuatum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 120.

Has. Baiios, Andes of Peru.

20 FILICES.

Rootstock creeping, a little over an inch in length, paleaceous-hirsute.
Stipe and rhachis paleaceous; pales ciliate. Fronds about a span
long, lanceolate-ensiform, bipinnate at base, pinnate towards the point.
Pinne petiolate, about half an inch in length, ovate and slightly cor-
date, the lower 3 or 4 pairs pinnate, upper ones pinnatrfid, or bluntly
lobed or dentate; upper surface of a dark green colour, with scattered
appressed hairs; the lower face densely imbricated with brown, linear-
lanceolate, ciliated scales, their points projecting beyond the margin.

2. NoTHOCHLAZNA HIRSUTA, Desv.

Nothochlena hirsuta, Desv. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 93, ex Kaulf. En. Fil. p. 188.
Preris hirsuta, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 890.

Has. Feejee Islands; in the mountains of Muthuata.

In our specimens, the fronds are much longer and considerably
broader than those described by Kaulfuss; but in all other particulars
we consider the two plants as identical.

3. NorHOCHLA{NA PILOSA, Hook. & Arn.
Nothochlena pilosa, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 47.
Var. 8. Frondibus lanceolatis ; pinnis 2-8 inferioribus distantibus.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands; in dry and rocky places near the
coast. (. Feejee Islands; on dry, almost barren hills.

In the var. @. the fronds are longer, and more erect and lanceolate
in their outline, than in the Tahiti plant.

4, NoTHOCHLZNA TENERA, Hook.
Nothochlena tenera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 8055; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 76.

Has. Peru; in the vicinity of Obrajillo.

POLYPODIACE &. 21

This has a slightly revolute margin, and might very readily be
taken for a species of Cheilanthes.

5. NoTHOCHL]NA GLABRA, Sp. Nov.

N. stipitibus glabris sulcatus; frondibus triangulart-ovatis bi—tri-pin-
natis; pinnulis ovato-oblongis obtusis profunde pinnatifidis utrinque
glabris, segmentis oblongis inciso-lobatis vel crenulatis.

Has. Feejee Islands.

Stipes slender, from 6 to 10 inches long, about the thickness of a
quill from the wing of a turtle-dove, smooth, glossy, and of a dark
brown colour, with a single furrow in front. Fronds smooth on both
sides, from 3 to 6 inches in length, in circumscription triangular-ovate,
bipinnate, some of the fronds may be said to be tripimnate ; the primary
and secondary divisions ovate-oblong and obtuse: the ultimate divisions
or segments from 2 to 3 lines long and about 2 lines broad, of an
oblong form, irregularly cut into obtuse lobes or crenatures. Sporangia
in an advanced state projecting beyond the margin of the segments.

6. GYMNOGRAMMA, Desv., J. Sm.
(Acrosticut, Spec. Linn. Grammiripis, Spec. Sw. & Auct.)
* Frondes glandulose vel pilose.
1. GYMNOGRAMMA TOMENTOSUM, Desv.
Gymnogramma tomentosa, Desy. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 25, ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 70.
Hemionitis tomentosa, Raddi, Plant. Brazil. p. 8, t. 19.
HT. humilis? Velloz. Fl. Flumin. 11, t. 94.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil; in open hilly places, frequent.

In the Hemionitis humilis of the Flora Fluminensis, the base of the
fronds is represented as being bipinnate; so that the plant may only

be a mere variety of this species.
6

99, FILICES.

2. GYMNOGRAMMA CHILENSE,:Sp. Nov.

G. frondibus pubescentibus lato-lanceolatis pinnatis ; pinnis sessilibus
ovatis obtusis pinnatifidis, lobis subrotundis integris vel dentatis.

Has. Chili, vicinity of Valparaiso; in fissures of moist rocks.

Rootstock short, squamose-hirsute. Stipes and fronds about equal
in length, together not exceeding 3 inches in height, everywhere
furnished with a pale pellucid pubescence. Fronds broadly-lanceolate,
obtuse, and pinnate. Pinne subopposite, deeply pinnatifid ; the inferior
ones distant and sessile, the superior adnate and decurrent on the
compressed rhachis. Sori becoming confluent, and covering the whole
of the under surface of the lobes.

It is very probable that this is an already described species, yet we
do not find it'in any work to which we have access. The species to
which it is most nearly allied, is the G. subglandulosum, of Hooker and
Greville ; from which, however, it differs in the smaller fronds, longer
stipes, more deeply pinnatifid pinnew, and in the nature of the pubes-
cence.

3. GYMNOGRAMMA PILOSUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 4.)

G., stipitibus glabris semiteretibus ; frondibus subcoriaceis bast bipinnatis
versus apicem pinnatis ; pinnis suboppositis oblongo-lanceolatis acumi-
natis serratis basi ineequalibus subtus costamque pilosis, inferioribus
petiolatis, superioribus sessilibus ; venis ramosis, venulis furcatis.

Has. Sandwich Islands; in forests, by the banks of streams; rare.

Rootstock ceespitose. Stipes about 20 inches long, of a pale straw-
colour, smooth, semiterete, and plane on the anterior side, rands
large, subcoriaceous, smooth on the upper, with scattered articulated
hairs on the under surface and costa, bipinnate at the base, and pinnate
towards the point. Pinne subopposite, 6 to 8 inches long, by 12 to 15
lines broad, of an oblong-lanceolate form, narrowing gradually into a

POLYPODIACES, 23

dentate point, the margin very regularly and jinely serrate, with an
unequal, sometimes rounded, but usually acute base. Sori becoming
confluent and concealing the under surface of the pinne, leaving only
a naked space at the margin, about 2 lines in breadth.

This differs from the C. Javanicwm of Blume, in the margin of the
pinne being serrate, and pilose on the under surface.

Piate 4,—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, natural size. la. Section of
a pinna, showing the sori. 16. Hairs from the rhachis beneath. 1c,
c. Sporangia.—The analyses magnified.

4, GYMNOGRAMMA MYRIOPHYLLUM, Sw,

Gymnogramma myriophylla, Sw. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 71.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

:

Stipes from 3 to 4 inches long, angular, with the lower half of a
purplish-brown colour. Fronds 8 to 10 inches long, slender, tripin-
nate, and covered all over with a short pubescence. Pinnules small,
decurrent, ovate, obtuse, and incised with emarginate segments.

* * Frondes glabre vel farinose.
5. GYMNOGRAMMA JAVANICUM, Blume.
Gymnogramma Javanicum, Bl. Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 112.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands; in mountains near Bafios.

Blume describes this species as bipinnate at base and pinnate
towards the point. We have only a single frond of what we deem to
be his plant, and this agrees with all the characters contained in his
short description, except that it is simply pinnate.

6. GYMNOGRAMMA TRIANGULARE, Kaulf.

Gymnogramma, triangulare, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 73; Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 153;
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 161.

9A FILICES.

Has. California; in the immediate vicinity of San Francisco.

Our specimens consist of the smaller state of the plant, apparently
the same form as that from which Kaulfuss drew up his description.
The G. triangulare, figured in the Icones Filicum, above-cited, is the
larger state, and is furnished with a few short spines on the stipes.

7. GYMNOGRAMMA TRIFOLIATUM, Desv.

Gymnogramma trifoliatum, Desv. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 72.

Phyllitis ramosa trifida, Sloane, Hist. Jam. p. 88, t. 45, f. 2.

Acrostichum trifoliatum, Linn. Spec. Pl. p. 1527; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 13; Willd. Spec.
Pl. 5, p. 119.

Has. Peru; between the town of Callao, and the mouth of the
River Rimac, close to the sea-beach.

Whole plant from 3 to 5 feet high: found growing in large patches
in the locality mentioned.

8. GYMNOGRAMMA TARTAREUM, Desv.

Gymnogramma tartareum, Desy. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 75.
Acrostichum tartareum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 15.
Hemionitis dealbata, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 181.

Has. Samoan Group; island of Tutuila; sea-coast near Pago-pago
Bay; on rocks.

Plant cespitose, with a stipes from 4 to 5 inches in length, an-
gular, glossy, of a brownish-black colour, and squamose-hirsute at the
base. Fronds bipinnate, with a thick coating of farina on its under
surface. Pinnee sessile and decurrent on the rhachis, the superior
pinnules confluent, oblong, obtuse, and dentate-serrate; the inferior
ones somewhat pinnatifid, with subrotund segments, their margins
slightly revolute.

POLYPODIACEZ. tO

9. GYMNOGRAMMA CALOMELANOS, Kaul/.

Gymnogramma calomelanos, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 76.

Filix non ramosa major, Sloane, Hist. Jam. p. 92, t. 30, fi 2.

Acrostichum calomelanos, Linn.; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 15; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 125;
Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 6, t. 3; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 7.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil; frequent.

In the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage, this is stated to be a native of
the Society Islands; but of this we are doubtful. May it not be the
preceding species that is there intended ?

7, LEPTOGRAMMA, J. Sm.

(Grammiripis Spec., Presl. GyMNOGRAMMITIDIS Spec., Auct. CETERACHIS Spec.,
Raddi.)

1. LeprocramMA Lovet, J. Sm.

Leptogramma Lovei, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 52.
Gymnogramma Lovet, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 89.
Grammitis totta, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 209. (Sect. 8. Hugrammitis.)

Has. Island of Madeira; in moist places.

2. LEPTOGRAMMA POLYPODIOIDES, J. Sim.

Leptogramma polypodioides, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 92.
Grammitis polypodioides, Pres]. Tent. Pterid. p. 209. (Sect. 3. Lugrammitis.)

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Plant 2 to 24 feet high, with a creeping rootstock. Stipe long and
angular, smooth at the base and slightly hirsute upwards. Fronds
pinnate, membranaceous, glabrous. Pinne sessile, subopposite, con-

fluent towards the point, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, and pinnatifid
7

26 FILICES.

a little over half way to the costa; the segments oblong, subfalcate,
their margins ciliate with short silvery hairs. Rhachis hirsute on the
upper side.

3. LEPTOGRAMMA ASPLENIOIDES, JCJ.

Ceterach aspidioides, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 137; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 10, t.
21, f.1.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

8. STEGNOGRAMMA, Presl, J. Sm.
1. SregnoGRAMMA SANDWICENSE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 4.)

S. subarborescens; trunco brevi erecto; stipitibus semiteretibus sulcatis
paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus horizontalibus
lanceolatis attenuatis arcuatis bast subauriculatis truncatis ; rhacha
trisulcata costa venisque piloso-hirsutis ; venulis externis nervo intra-
marginalr conjyunctis.

Has. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands; near the crater of Kilauea, in
dry woods.

Trunk 18 inches high, stout and erect, crowned by a number of large
spreading fronds. Stipe 1% to 2 feet in length, thick, half round, with
a single groove in front, paleaceous at the base, and thickly furnished
upwards with pale hairs. Fronds pinnate, 24 to 3 feet long; the
pinne: sessile, lanceolate, attenuate, arcuate, somewhat truncate at the
base, spreading at right angles with the rhachis, distant at the base of
the frond, alternate or opposite, from 8 to 10 inches long and 12 to 18
lines broad; the crenatures of the margin large and round. Lhachis
in front trisulcate, and, together with the costa and veins on both sides
of the frond, pilose-hirsute. Exterior veinlets connected by an wmtra-
marginal nerve. Sporangia nearly sessile and echinate.

POLYPODIACES?, a7

The only species of this genus, so far as we are aware, that has
hitherto been described, is the S. aspidioides of Blume; of which a
magnified figure of a portion of the pinne is given in Presl’s Tent.
Pteridographiz. The Sandwich Island plant differs from that of
Java in its stout and erect rootstock or trunk, in its larger fronds, and
its longer pinne, with an intramarginal nerve combining the outer
venules, and in the almost sessile sporangia.

Puiate 4.—Fig. 2. Portion of the middle of a frond. 2a, a. Sections
of a pinna, showing the sori. 20, 6. Sporangia. The analyses more
or less magnified.

9 MENISCIUM, Schreb.

1. MENISCIUM RETICULATUM, Sw.
Meniscium reticulatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 19; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 134.

M. sorbifolium, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 6, t. 4.
Lonchitis polypodioides, Velloz. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 100.

Has. Brazil; in marshes around Hstrella, and near Botofogo, Rio
Janeiro; frequent.

We consider this to differ from M. palustre, Raddi, in its narrower
and alternate pinne, with repand-crenate margins.

10. GONIOPTERIS, Presi, J. Sm.
(PoLypopir Spec., Sw. & Auct.)

1. GONIOPTERIS VIVIPARA.

G. stipitibus glabris angulatis canaliculatis ; frondibus imparipinnatis ;
pinnis alternis lanceolatis acuminatis crenato-dentatis supra nitidis ;
rhach prolifera; soris sparsis,

Polypodium viviparum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 22, t. 32.

28 FILICES.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil; in dense woods.

Fronds from 2 to 3 feet high, imparipinnate on a glabrous and
angular stipe. Pinne alternate, about 4 inches long and 10 lines
broad, lanceolate, acuminate, seated on a very short petiole, having a
crenate-dentate margin and glossy upper surface. Rhachis angular and
channeled on the upper side, slightly villose, with proliferous buds
near its extremity, seated in the axils of the pinne. Sort numerous,
distant and scattered, except those seated nearest the costa, which are
arranged in a partially interrupted line parallel to it.

2, GONIOPTERIS PENNIGERA, J. Sm.

Goniopteris pennigera, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 54.
Aspidium pennigerum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 49; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 67; A.
Cunn. in Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag. 2, p. 367.

Has. Tipoona, Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

This species sometimes has a rootstock of two or three feet in
length.

3. GontopTERIs costaTa, Sp. Nov.

G. frondibus pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus distantibus subalternis glabris
lanceolato-linearibus attenuatis pinnatifidis, lacintis oblongis obtusis
integris; rhachi sulcata costaque supra pubescentibus ; soris numerosis
approximatis biserialibus.

Has. Feejee Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Fronds 2 feet and upwards in length, of a lanceolate-oblong form,
pinnate. Pinnee sessile, spreading, lower ones opposite and distant,
those towards the summit alternate and approximate, 7 inches long
by 7 lines broad, lanceolate-linear, narrowed into a serrate point, the
lower pinnatifid about half way down to the costa, which latter is pro-
minent on the under side; the two lower opposite pair of venules
only uniting. Sori small, of a yellowish-brown colour, and crowded

POLYPODIACESA. 29

near the costa, a very few only extendmg outwards beyond a line
with the base of the sinus of the segments.

A very marked resemblance exists between this and the Filix non
ramosa, latius dentata minor of Plumier’s Plantes de L’Amerique, t.
17; but the pinnz in our plant are more distant, with the points
less attenuated, and more deeply serrate.

4, GONIOPTERIS GLANDULIFERA, Sp. Nov.

G. stipite nigro angulari basi paleaceo; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis
alternis subpetiolatis pinnatifidis coriaceis glabris supra nitidis, lacinis
oblongis obtusis margine setosis; rhachi sulcuta; soris biserralibus
pilosis juxta marginem approximatis,

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands.

Stipe about 2 feet long, stout and obtusely angular, smooth and of a
brownish-black colour from the lower end upwards to the base of the
frond: on each margin of the front side of the stipe is a row of distant,
orbicular, glandular bodies, apparently abortive pinnae. Fronds pin-
nate, erect, about 4 feet long and 15 inches broad at the middle, of
an oblong-lanceolate form. Pinne coriaceous, alternate, and spread-
ing, seated on a very short petiole, towards the point of the frond
sessile and confluent, terminating in a long serrate point, wpoper surface
smooth and shining, the base oblique, truncate-cuneate, and pinnatifid
about half way down to the costa: segments oblong, obtuse, with a setose
margin. Veins prominent on the upper side, the three lower opposite
pair of venules angularly combining. Sort biserial and approximate,
seated on the free venules of the segments near the margin, seldom on
the anastomosing venules. Sporangia sessile, and intermingled with
short white hairs. ,

5. GoNIOpTERIS LoneIssmmA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 9.)

_G. subarborescens ; ‘frondibus magnis pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus horr-
zontalibus subalternis approximatis coriaceis longe lineartbus atienuatis
8

30) FILICES.

pinnatifidis ; lacinns oblongo-linearibus subfalcatis acutis margine
venisque setosis; soris parvis approximates,

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests; rare.

Trunk stout, erect, 2 to 3 feet in height, and crowned with large,
spreading, pinnate fronds, 3 to 4 feet broad. Pinne sessile, horizontal,
and approximate, nearly opposite, coriaceous, smooth on the upper side,
14 inches broad, long-linear and attenuated into an entire serrate point,
truncate at the base, and pinnatifid about two-thirds down to the
costa. Segments oblong-linear, subfalcate, acute, and entire, the margmn
setose and a little reflexed; the sinus about half the width of the
segments, acute at base. Rhachis thick and subterete, with a single
channel in front, beset with scattered paleaceous subulate hairs, of half
an inch to an inch in length. Costa on the under side smooth, above
rufous-tomentose. Veins prominent and setose on the under side, the
two inferior opposite pairs of venules uniting. Sort numerous, small,
and approximate, forming continuous lines from the costa of the
pinne outwards to near the apex of the segments, equidistant
between the margin and costeeform vein.

One of the most majestic plants of the tribe Polypodiee ; and only
once detected by us, on the high mountains of Tahiti, while on a
hurried visit to Lake Waiherea.

Puate 5.—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.
Section of a segment, showing the sori. 1. Scale from the rhachis.
1c. Sporangium.—More or less magnified.

11. SYNAMMIA, Presl, J. Sm.
(Potyponi! Spec., Cav.)

1. SyNAMMIA TRILOBA, Presi.

Synammia triloba, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 212; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 110.
Polypodium trilobum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 30; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 164; Kaulf. Enum.
Fil. p. 95; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 52.

POLYPODIACES. 31

Has. Chili: growing on trees, about six miles south of Valparaiso.
Plant variable in the size, outline, and division of its fronds, as also

in the form of the sori, which we find either ovate or oblong; the
latter form prevailing.

This species, so far as we are aware, is the only one which properly
belongs to the genus Synammia as here characterized; although Presl
has removed to it the Grammitis elongata of Swartz; which Mr. J.
Smith places in the genus Phlebodium of R. Brown. In Synammia,
the sori may be said to be those of Grammitis, with a venation similar
to that of some species of Goniophlebium of J. Smith.

12, GONIOPHLEBIUM, Presi, J. Sm.
(Potypopit Spec., Auct. MAnrarinartia, Presl.)

The species of this genus varying very much in habit, Mr. J.

Smith has very judiciously divided them into four sections.
§ 1. LOPHOLEPIS, J. Sm.
1. GGONIOPHLEBIUM AURISETUM.

Polypodium aurisetum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 12, t. 28, f. 1.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on trees.

Raddi’s figure of this slender creeping species, though faint in out-
line, represents very correctly the habit of the plant, and the form of
its diminutive fronds.

2. GONIOPHLEBIUM VACCINIIFOLIUM.

Polypodium vacciniifolium, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 8, t. 7; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p. 145; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 88; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 13, t. 18, f. 2?

’

39 FILICES.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil: on the trunks of trees.

Raddi quotes Langsdorff’s figure of this, under his Polypodiwm
vacciniifolium; yet, judging from his own figure and description, we
are inclined to believe that his plant may be a different species, or a
very decided variety of the present one; the sterile fronds being
ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. May not Raddi’s plant be the
Polypodium ciliatum of Willdenow ?

§ 2. LEPICYSTIS, J. Sm.
3. GoNIOPHLEBIUM INCANUM, J. Sm.

Goniophlebium incanum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 56.
Polypodium incanum, Sw. Syn. Fil. 85; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 147; Kaulf. Enum.
Fil. p. 103; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 355.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil: on old walls, rocks, and the trunks of
trees. .

4. GoNIOPHLEBIUM TWEEDIANUM, J. Sm.

G. rhizomate repente; stipitibus paleaceis ; frondibus ovato-lanceolatis
profunde pinnatifidis, laciniis remotis alternis. erecto-patentibus linear
ribus subacutis supra nudis subtus lepidotis ; squamis ovato-acuminatis
peltatis dentatis ; soris wniserialibus. |

Goniophlebium Tweedianum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 56:
Polypodium Tweedianum, Hook. Ic. Pl. 1, t. 86.

Has. Andes of Peru: on rocks.

Closely related to the preceding; but quite distinct in the thicker
rootstock, the larger and less coriaceous fronds, and the more remote

and ascending segments, which are naked on the upper and less scaly
on the under surface.

POLYPODIACES. 33

5. GONIOPHLEBIUM HIRSUTISSIMUM.

Polypodium hirsutissimum, Raddi, Plant. Brazil. p. 17, t. 26; Gaud. Bot. Freyc.
Voy. p. 356.

P. sepultum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 104.

Acrostichum Lepidopteris, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 5, +t. 2; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p. 113.

§ 3. GONIOPHLEBIUM vervuy, J. Sm.
6. GONIOPHLEBIUM ENSIFOLIUM.
Polypodium ensifolium, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 152?
Has. Bajios, Andes of Peru: on rocks.

This species has a creeping rootstock, about the thickness of a
crowquill, densely imbricated with brown, oblong, reticulated scales.
Fronds few, from 4 to 6 inches long, coriaceous, entire, linear-ensiform
and attenuate, with an entire revolute margin. Sori small, round,
solitary, and equidistant between the costa and margin.

7. GONIOPHLEBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM.

G. rhizomate repente ; frondibus rigidis longe lineari-lanceolatis basi at-
tenuatis supra nitidis marginibus revolutis; soris solitaris vel sub-
biservalibus.

Polypodium angustifolium, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 27; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 153; Raddi,
Plant. Brasil. p. 14, t. 24, f. 2.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.
Rootstock creeping, nearly as thick as a goosequill, and covered

with brown, oblong, acuminate, reticulated paleew. Fronds rigid,
approximate, on a short and compressed, margined stipe, narrowly
9

34 FILICES.

linear-lanceolate, from 12 to 20 inches in length, 3 to 4 lines broad,
attenuated very much towards the base, wrinkled and shining on the
upper surface. Costa of a pale yellow colour, prominent on both sides.
Sori in a single row, with sometimes a few distant ones, forming a
kind of a second row between the costa and margin.

8. GoNIOPHLEBIUM CATHARINA.

Polypodium Catharine, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 9, t.9; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p- 172.
P. glaucum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 20, t. 29, f. 1?

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on rocks and trunks of trees.

This has very much the habit of the Polypodium vulgare, Linn. ;
with a more lengthened terminal segment.

9. GONIOPHLEBIUM LATUM.

Polypodium letum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 19, t. 28.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

All the specimens of this plant in the collection are very young, of
a pale green colour, and a membranaceous texture.

10. GonIoPHLEBIUM NERIIFOLIUM, Hook.

Goniophlebium neritfolium, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 70, B.
Polypodium nertifolium, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 87; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 194; Raddi,
Plant. Brasil. p. 22, t. 81, bis; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 357.

Has. On the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil: in forests.
Gaudichaud, with a doubt, refers to this species the Polypodium

meniscifolium of Langsdorff and Fischer ; with what propriety we
cannot decide, not having specimens or a figure of the latter plant

POLYPODIACES. 35

to refer to. But we may state, that there are now before us forms
of our present species, to which the description of P. meniscifoluum
equally applies. As authority for G. neriifolium, we relied principally
on the figure in Hooker’s Genera Filicum.

11. GoNIOPHLEBIUM ALBO-PUNCTATUM.
Polypodium albo-punctatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 21, t. 30.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: in dense forests.

In all respects, save in the larger size of the frond, and the absence
of the white dots on the upper surface of the segments, our single
specimen of this plant agrees with the figure and description of Raddi:
the slight discrepancies may have been the result of some local cause.

12. GONIOPHLEBIUM SERRATIFOLIUM, Sp. Novy.

G. rhizomate repente; stipite semitereti basi paleaceo; fronde membra-
naceo glabro pinnato; pinnis sessilibus subalternis patentibus lneari-

~ lanceolatis acuminatis serratis basi obtuse cuneatis; soris orbiculatis
approximates uniserialibus.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands.

Stipe about 18 inches long, about the thickness of a goosequill,
straw-coloured and angular in front, the back round and of a chestnut-
brown colour; the palew at the base long, slender, pointed, and beau-
tifully reticulated. Fronds membranaceous, 2 to 3 feet in length; the
subalternate, smooth, sessile, spreading, linear-lanceolate pinne from 6
to 8 inches long, and 6 to 8 lines broad, with a coarsely serrate margin,
and a bluntly cuneate base, articulated with the rhachis. Veins slender,
and distinct to the naked eye on both sides. Sori rather large, round,
and approximate, forming a continuous line almost to the apex of
the pinne, on each side of and close to the costa.

36 FILICES,

183. NIPHOBOLUS, Kauwif.
1. NIPHOBOLUS RUPESTRIS, Spreng.

N. rhizomate gracili repente ramoso ; frondibus integris stellato-pubescen-
tibus subtus canescentibus, sterilibus ovatis vel obovato-oblongis, fer-
tilibus lanceolato-linearibus obtusis basi attenuatis ; soris confertis
demum confluentibus.

Niphobolus rupestris, Spreng. ex Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 98; A. Cunn. in Hook.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 363.
Polypodium rupestre, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 146.

Has. Vicinity of Sydney, New South Wales. Bay of Islands, New
Zealand: on rocks and trunks of trees.

Rootstock creeping, long and slender, branched, covered with brown
slender pales. Fronds entire, the under surface with a dense, stellate,
brownish-white pubescence, imparting a somewhat hoary aspect; the
upper surface less so; the sterile fronds orbicular, ovate or ovate-oblong,
from one-fourth to nearly an inch in length, seated on a short stipe
usually about half the length of the frond itself; the fertile ones lance-
linear, obtuse, much attenuated at the base, from one to 2 inches long ;
the stipe nearly of the same length. Sore scattered, crowded, and
becoming confluent.

2. NIPHOBOLUS CARNOSUS, Blume.

Niphobolus carnosus, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. fase. 2, p. 105.

Has. Island of Mindanao, Philippine Group: on trees close to the
sea-beach.

Closely allied to the N. rupestris ; from which it differs in the larger
sterile fronds, and the smaller crowded sori, immersed in the dense
stellate pubescence.

POLYPODIACES. 37

3. NipHosotus Bicotor, Kaul.

N. rhizomate elongato repente ramoso; frondibus integerrimis stellato-
pubescentibus subtus incanis, sterilibus lanceolatis obtusis basi atte-
nuatis, fertilibus lineari-lanceolatis, costé prominente; soris distantibus
vel approximatis.

Niphobolus bicolor, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 128; Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 44; A.
Cunn. in Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag. p. 363.

Polypodium stellutum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 25; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 151; A. Rich. Bot.
Voy. Astrol. p. 64 (excl. syn. R. Br.).

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Tahiti, Society Islands: on
trees.

fiootstock long, creeping, branched, rooting, and covered with brown
slender pales. Fronds entire; the under surface with a dense coating
of whitish stellate pubescence, and a prominent costa; the upper surface
smooth, with only a few scattered stellate scales: the sterile fronds
lanceolate, much attenuated at the base, and from 3 to 4 inches long;
the fertile linear-lanceolate, obtuse, frequently contracted towards the
point, from 3 to 5 inches long, with a stipe about equal in length
to that of the sterile fronds. Sori usually confined to the upper half
of the frond, either distant or approximate, and sometimes confluent.

Richard, in the Botany of the Astrolabe, has referred to this species
the Polypodium rupestre of R. Brown, which is the Niphobolus rupestiis
of the present work; and we admit that there are many points in
which the two are very much alike; yet marks of difference are very
evident by which they can be distinguished. In WN. bicolor, the whole
plant is invariably of a more robust habit, with fronds three to four
times the length of those of NV. rupestvis; the sterile fronds are of a
lanceolate form, while the fertile ones have a more prominent costa
beneath, and the upper surface more sparsely furnished with stellate
pubescence.

10

38 FILICES.

4. NIPHOBOLUS ADNASCENS, Kraul/.

Niphobolus adnascens, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 124.
Polypodium adnascens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 25 & 222, t. 2; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 145.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee and Samoan Islands.

The sori in the present species are small, sunken, crowded, and
scattered, intermingled with stellate pedicellate scales, and occupying
the upper half of the frond, the margin of which is recurved, the
lower half having a prominent costa on the under side.

5. Nipnopouus varius, Kaulf.
Niphobolus varius, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 125; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. fasc. 2, p. 106.

Has. Island of Marongas, Sooloo Group. Mangsi Islands.

This differs from the preceding species principally in its longer,
linear-lanceolate fronds, and more prominent smooth costa.

6. NipHoBOLUS GLABER, Kaulf, 1. ©.

Has. Island of Singapore: on trees.

Rootstock about the thickness of a crowquill, much branched, co-
vered with brown peltate scales, which have a dark spot in the centre.
Fronds distant, 8 to 12 inches long, linear-lanceolate, attenuate at
both ends; the margin revolute ; upper surface smooth, the lower with
a dense, pale yellow, stellated pubescence. Costa above plane, beneath
prominent and somewhat triangular. Sori confined to the upper half
of the frond, small and very much crowded towards the point.

This is readily distinguished from any of the foregoing species, by
the fronds being longer, more linear in form, attenuated to both ends,
and with a smooth upper surface.

POLYPODIACE 4S. 89

14. CYRTOPHLEBIUM, 2B. Br., J. Sm.

(Porypopr Spec., Auct. CAMPYLONEURUM, Presl.)

1. CYRTOPHLEBIUM REPENS, J. Sm.

Cyrtophlebium repens, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 58.
Polypodium repens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 29; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 347.
P. lapathifolium, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 15, t. 24, f 3.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil: on moist rocks.

This is a much smaller Fern in all its parts than the following
species, with the fronds less shining and coriaceous.

2. CYRTOPHLEBIUM NITIDUM, J. Sm.

Cyrtophlebium nitidum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 58.
Polypodium nitidum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 92.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

A beautiful and well-marked species, which, although partaking of
the habit and character of the C. Phyllitidis, J. Smith (Polypodiwm
Phyllitidis, Linn.), is readily distinguished by its more shining fronds,
attenuated into a narrow point, with pale costa and veins; the former
somewhat plane on the upper side and angular beneath.

3. CYRTOPHLEBIUM DECURRENS, J. Sin.

Cyrtophlebium decurrens, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 58.
Polypodium decurrens, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 23, t. 33.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil; in moist shady forests.

40 FILICES.

Unlike the two preceding species, this has large, pinnate fronds, 3 to
4 feet high, inclined to become black in drying; with alternate,
ascending, elongated-lanceolate, and acuminate pinne, which are from
6 to 8 inches in length, and frequently an inch broad, the base decur-
rent on a rhachis which is very much channeled in front. Sori
small, distant, commonly in two, but sometimes in three, rows between
the costeeform veins.

15. PHLEBODIUM, RB. Br, J. Sm.

(Potypopti Spec., Auct. Preopettrpis Spec., H. B. K., Presl. Synami@ Spec., Presl.)

Mr. John Smith divides Phlebodium into two sections, which, he
observes, might with no great impropriety be considered as distinct
genera. The first embraces the genus Pleopeltis of Humboldt and
Presl, a large number of the species belonging to which, have simple
(or rarely pinnatifid), coriaceous, squamiferous fronds, with a very
obscure and sunken venation, and oval or oblong sori. In the second
section, which he denominates Phlebodium verum, the species have
usually large, smooth, pinnatifid or pinnate fronds, whose venation is
more apparent than in the preceding, and evidently of the same anas-
tomosing character. We retain these as divisions or sections, not
perceiving that any advantage would result in adopting them as dis-
tinct genera.

§ 4. PLEOPELTIS, J. Sm.

1. PHLEBopIUM PERCUSSUM, J. Sm.

Phiebodium percussum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 59.

Polypodium percussum, Cav. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 26; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 151;
Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 8, t. 6; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 90; Raddi, Plant.
Brasil. p. 14, t. 24, f. 1; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 436.

Pleopeltis percussa, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil, t. 67; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 196, t. 7,
f. 35.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

POLYPODIACES. 4]

2. PHLEBODIUM ELONGATUM, J. Sim.

Phlebodium elongatum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 59.
Grammitis elongata, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 11.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Rootstock slender, creeping, rufous-tomentose. Fronds coriaceous,
with scattered stellate scales on the upper and under surface, 4 to 6
inches long, linear-lanceolate, the point frequently attenuate, the base
always so, on a very short stipe. Sori few, oblong-linear, partially
sunken, equidistant between the margin and the costa, and parallel
with the latter, which is about equally prominent on both sides.

3. PHLEBODIUM ANGUSTATUM, J. Sim.

Phlebodium angustatum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 59.

Polypodium pleopeltifolium, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 16, t. 21, f. 2; Gaud. Bot.
Freyc. Voy. p. 350. |

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Raddi describes and figures the fronds of this species as being deeply
pinnatifid; but we find a great variety of forms among our specimens.
A. large portion of them may be said to be digitato-bi-tripartite, as
in Drynaria (Polypodium) tridactylum of Wallich.

§ 2. PHLEBODIUM verum, J. Sm.

4, PHLEBODIUM AUREUM, J. Sim.
Phlebodium aureum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 59.
Polypodium majus aureum, Plum. Plant. de L’ Ameriq. t. 35.
P. aureum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 32; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 169.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The figure of this beautiful Fern in Plumier’s Plantes de L’Ameri-
11

49 FILICES.

que, represents very truthfully the outline of the frond, and the
thick, creeping rootstock. It is a well-known species both in the
herbarium and the greenhouse: in the latter it has long been culti-
vated as an ornamental plant.

16. DRYNARIA, Bory, J. Sin.
(Potypopti Spec., Auct. Drpreris, Reinw. Puymaronss, Presl. Mrorosorum, Link.)
x Frondes integre uniformes.

+ Sori superficiales, uniseriales inter costam et marginem vel venas primarias.

1. DRyNARIA AcUMINATA, Sp. Nov.

D. rhizomate gracili repente paleaceo ; frondibus integris glabris lanceo-
latis acuminatis obtusis; soris magnis rotundis distantibus uniserialt-
bus ad apicem usque frondis extensis.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Rootstock long, slender, and creeping, much branched, and clinging
by its brown tomentose rootlets to rocks and trunks of trees, the sur-
face thinly covered with dark gray, elongated, reticulated, spinulose-
fimbriated palew. Stipes a quarter to half an inch in length, naked
and margined. Fronds 14 to 4 inches long, and about 6 lines broad,
subcoriaceous, naked, glabrous, lanceolate, entire, and gradually con-
tracted into a narrow obtuse point, the base decurrent on the short
stipe; the costa slender and about equally prominent on both sides.
Sori large, round, or slightly oval, eatending to the point of the frond,
and forming a single row, equidistant between the margin and costa.

2. DRYNARIA ELONGATA.

D. rhizomate repente; frondibus paucis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis acu-
minatis basi attenuatis coriaceis utrinque glabris supra punctis nigris

POLYPODIACES. 43

conspersis, margine refleco subundulato ; soris uniserialibus solitarws
ovalibus oblongisve squamis peltatis fuscis primum tectis, mou nudis.

Pleopeltis elongata, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 246.
Polypodium atro-punctatum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 846; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 103.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees, frequent.

Rootstock short and creeping, about the thickness of a crow-quill,
covered with oblong, attenuated, reticulated scales. Stipes very
short or wanting. Fronds few, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, elongated,
acuminate, the base much attenuated, varying from 5 to 12 inches in
length and 8 to 6 lines in breadth, smooth on both sides, with scattered
and small black dots on the upper surface, and minute, scattered,
fugacious, dark brown, oblong, acuminate, reticulated, spinose-serrate
scales on the under surface; the margin entire, reflexed, and slightly
undulate. Sort large, confined to the upper half of the frond; the
dark brown peltate scales covering them are very fugacious, and only to
be found on the young sori.

3. DRYNARIA CRASSIFOLIA, J. Sm.

Drynaria crassifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 61.

Polypodium crassifolium, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 27; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 161;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 98; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 847; Velloz. Fl. Flum.
11, t. 58.

P. coriaceum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 16, t. 25.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on trees.

tt Sori superficiales, numerosi sed sparst.
4, DRYNARIA PULVERULENTA, Sp. Nov.

D. frondibus confertis sessilibus coriaceis lanceolatis acuminatis basi
- attenuatis margine integris reflexis, costa subtus prominente ; soris
parvis approamatis.

4d. FILICES.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trees in mountain forests, near
Bafios.

The fronds of this species are few in number, tufted, and destitute of
a proper stipes, about 10 inches long and an inch broad, lanceolate,
entire, attenuate at the base, somewhat rigid, coriaceous, smooth, with
a reflexed margin, and of a dull brown colour when dry. Sori mostly
confined to the upper half of the frond, very small and crowded.

5. DryNaria optusata, Sp. Nov.

D. stipitibus brevibus ; frondibus lanceolatis obtusis basi attenuatis mem-

branaceis integris, costa straminea utringue prominente; soris parvis
sed numerosis approximatis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands; on trees.

Stipes smooth, not more than an inch in length, or nearly wanting.
Fronds few, from 15 to 20 inches long, and 1% inches broad, lanceolate,
with an acuminate but obtuse point and a much attenuated base, of
a somewhat delicate texture, and slightly shining on the upper surface.
Costa straw-coloured, prominent on both sides, plane on the upper and
angular on the under side. Veins distant, together with the venules
slender and evident. Sort very smail, numerous, confined to the upper
half of the frond, and occupying its full breadth.

This has very much the habit of D. (Polypodium) longifrons of
Wallich. But the fronds of our plant are broader, with a more obtuse
apex, smaller, and with more numerous sori, which extend to the very
margin.

6. DRYNARIA POLYCARPA.

Polypodium polycarpon, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 30 & 227; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 159.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Tutuila, Samoan Islands. Min-
danao, Philippine Islands. Sooloo Islands.

POLYPODIACE £&. 45

Swartz’s description of Polypodium polycarpon is perfectly applicable
to our plant; but the wide geographical range we here give the
species might lead to the supposition, that the plant from islands in
the Pacific may be something different from that of the Sooloo and
Philippine Islands. A close examination and comparison of the
whole, however, has convinced us that they are one and the same
species. Still, it must be confessed, that we experience no small
difficulty in identifying those species of Drynaria which have entire
fronds and scattered sori. This is frequently owing to the short
specific definitions given by authors, together with the complex nature
of the venation, as well as to a difference in the consistency and form
of the fronds of the same species, from different localities, and even
from the same root. :

7. DRYNARIA LONGIFOLIA, Sp. Nov.

D. rhizomate repente; stipitibus brevibus sulcatis; frondibus lineari-
lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis subcoriaceis glabris margine reflexis
subcrenatis ; costa subtus prominente ; soris parvis rotundis numerosis
sed sparsis.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands; in forests on the mountains, near
Bajios.

The rootstock of this, although creeping, is short and paleaceous.
Stipes margined, from one to 3 inches high, of a dark brown colour,
and sulcate in front. Fronds from 1% to 2 feet long, and from 10 lines
to 14 inches broad, linear-lanceolate, and very much attenuated at both
ends, the upper surface smooth; the costa and veins very thick and
prominent underneath. Sori small, round, scattered, but approximate,
and borne from the base to the tip of the frond.

This differs from the preceding species, in the narrower and attenu-
ated fronds, the prominent veins beneath, and in the sori extending

from the base to the point.
12

46 FILICES.

» * Frondes coridlato-hastate vel bipartito-lobate.
8, DryNaRIA SPecTRUM, J. Sm.

D. rhizomate elongato repente squamoso ; stipitibus glabris angulatis ;
frondibus paucis cordato-hastatis 3—5-lobatis, lobis lato-lanceolatis
acutis vel acuminatis; soris paucis parvis sparsis remotes.

Drynaria Spectrum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 61.
Polypodium Spectrum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 94; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 1038.
P. Thowinianum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p- 348, t. 5, f. 1.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent.

Rootstock long and creeping, about the thickness of a crow-quill,
with black lanceolate scales pressed close to the surface. The fronds
are few, from 10 to 15 inches long (including the smooth and angular
stipe), and from 6 to 10 inches in diameter, rather rigid, with both
surfaces somewhat wrinkled, having a cordate-hastate base, with from
9 to 6 broad-lanceolate, acute or acuminate lobes ; each lobe with a
very strong vein or costa passing through its centre. Sori fev, small,
distant, and seated on the recurved venules, which terminate in the
nearly quadrangular meshes, formed by the reticulated veins.

9, Drynarta Horsrietpi, J. Sin.

D. rhizomate crasso repente crinito-sqguamoso ; stipite elongato glabro sul-
cato; fronde bipartita coriacea glabra subtus glauca, lobis palmato-
laciniatis, laciniis lato-lanceolatis acuminatis obtusis serratis, costa
dichotoma ; soris parvis numerosis.

Drynaria Horsfieldii, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. of Bot. 4, p. 61.
Polypodium Dipteris, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 135.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands; at an elevation of 2,000 feet. Mount
Maijaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

POLYPODIACES. AT

Plant terrestrial, growing in large patches or groups, in open ele-
vated situations. Rootstock creeping above ground, about the thickness
of a man’s finger, and together with the base of the stipe, furnished
with long, brownish-black, slender scales. Stipe erect, 2 feet or more
in length, smooth, of a tawny-brown colour, and channelled in front.
Fronds reniform in circumscription, about 2 feet broad, coriaceous,
smooth above, and glaucous beneath, deeply two-parted ; the lobes pal-
mate-laciniate, with broadly lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse, coarsely serrate
segments. Costa dichotomous, smooth, in a young state woolly, branch-
ing once or twice after entering the segments, and not unfrequently
the ultimate forkings uniting again, forming thereby elongated areoles.
Between the branches of the costa, the reticulations of the primary
veins are beautiful, and not a little singular in their arrangement.
The veins start at almost regular distances, and at right angles with
the costa, the spaces between being partitioned off by cross veins into
oblong and nearly quadrangular meshes, within which the venules
form a smaller set of reticulations, of a nearly similar form to those
by which they are enclosed. With an eye-glass there can be seen to
exist, within the last, a third and more minute, delicate, and obscure
set of reticulations, formed by transparent veinlets, the meshes of
which are more irregular in their form; and on these veinlets at their
intersection, the small sori are seated.

Between this and the D. (Polypodiwm) Wallichu of R. Brown, as
figured by Hooker and Greville, in the Icones Filicum, t. 168 & 169,
there is only a slight difference; which consists principally in the
fronds of our plant being glaucous on the under surface, with serrate
segments, and the costa always branching after entering these.

x * * Frondes pinnatifide vel basi pinnate.
?
aparece

10. DryNaARIA ACUMINATA, Sp. Nov. = Ae ¢ [ _fu®
D. fronde glabra membranacea profunde pinnatifida, lacus subal-
ternis elongato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine repandis ; costa subtus

prominente ; soris sparsis rotundis distantibus subimmersis.

Has. Island of Savaii, Samoan Group.

48 FILICES.

In the divisions of the fronds and general aspect of the plant, this
bears a marked resemblance.to D. phymatodes of this work. But its
fronds are larger and more membranaceous; the segments diminishing
in size towards the terminal one, which is small; and the sori more
numerous and scattered.

11. DryNARIA DECURRENS, Sp. Nov.

D rhizomate brevi repente paleaceo; stipite gracile semitereti supra sul-
cato marginato; fronde glabra subcoriacea profunde pinnatifida,
lacintis oppositis adscendentibus lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis margine
repando-undulatis, infimis decurrentibus ; soris parvis ovalibus sparsis
et distantibus.

f

Has. Mountains near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on wet
rocks.

Rootstock about the thickness of a crow-quill, short, creeping, and
paleaceous ; the pales oblong-lanceolate, attenuate, reticulated, spinu-
lose-serrate on the margin. Stipe slender, naked, and from 3 to 6
inches high, with 2 or 3 shallow grooves in front, and a narrow margin
widening upwards. Fronds few, erect, from 3 to 6 inches in length,
ovate-oblong, acute, cuneate at the base, smooth on both sides, and deeply
pinnatifid ; its segments from 5 to 9 in number, distant, opposite, and
ascending, from 8 to 4 lines broad, linear-lanceolate.and attenuated into
a long slender point, with a slightly repand-undulate margin. Sort
small, oval or oblong, produced irregularly over the whole of the under
surface of the frond. |

In size and habit, this resembles Phlebodiwm angustum, J. Smith,
of this work.

12. DrynariaA ALATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 6.)

D. stipite glabro stramineo semitereti; fronde membranacea glabra basi
pinnata versus apicem pinnatifida ; pinnis alternis distantibus lanceo-

latis attenuatis margine sinuato-dentatis ; soris parvis rotundis sparsis
et distantibus.

POLYPODIACES. 49

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

Stipes and fronds smooth, about equal in length, of a straw colour ;
the latter broadly-ovate, obtuse, membranaceous, and a little more
than a foot long, pinnate at the base and deeply pinnatifid towards the
point. Pinne distant, alternate, divaricate, lanceolate, attenuate, from
6 to 8 inches long and 10 lines broad, the margin sinuate-dentate, and
base of the two or three inferior pairs cuneate and decurrent on the
rhachis. Rhachis and costa smooth, of a straw colour, naked and pro-
minent on the under side. Sort most profuse towards the summit of
the frond, small, round, scattered, and distant.

PuATE 6.—Fig. 1. Entire frond, natural size. a, a,a. Sections of
a pinna, showing the venation and sori. 0, 6. Sporangia.—The ana-
lyses more or less magnified.

13. DryNARIA coADUNATA, Sp. Nov.

D. stuypite acute angulato paleaceo; fronde glabra membranacea basi
pinnata versus apicem pinnatifida; pinnis suboppositis divaricatis
oblongo-lanceolatis sinuato-pinnatifidis, infimis petiolulatis triangu-
laribus basi obliquis, laciniis triangulari-ovatis obtusis crenatis ; rhachi

costaque glanduloso-pubescentibus ; soris nwmerosis parvis rotundis
sparsis. -

Has. Sandal-wood Bay, Feejee Islands: in mountain forests.

Stipe sharply angled, of a dark brown colour, sparsely furnished
with long, slender, fugacious, chaffy scales. Fronds glabrous, membra-
naceous, about 2 feet in length, ovate-oblong, acute, cordate, and pin-
nate at the base: the pinne confluent upwards and forming a deeply
serrate point to the frond; the lowest pair triangular in outline and
oblique at the base, with 2 or 3 large triangular-ovate, lobate-sinuate,
obtuse segments on the lower side.

We find no published species with which this satisfactorily agrees.
It is altogether distinct from any Fern in our collection, and was

detected only once in the above-mentioned locality.
13

50 FILICES.

x x * * Frondes bipinnate.
14. DRYNARIA LATIFOLIA.

D. stipite glabro stramineo; fronde membranacea bipmnnata ; pinnulis
oblongis lanceolatis petiolatis sinuato-pimnatifidis bast cordatis, laciniis
oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis subrepandis ; soris parvis sparsis.

Polypodium latifolium, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 39 & 234; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
205; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 74.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Stipe smooth and of a straw-colour. Frond membranaceous, bipinnate.
Pinnules oblong-lanceolate, petiolate, sinuately pinnatifid, cordate at the
base; the segments oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, and somewhat repand.
Sort small and scattered.

In the outline of the segments a considerable variety of forms is
found to exist. Mr. John Smith, in his Enumeratio Filicum Philip-
pinarum, refers this species to the genus Aspidium of Schott. We
have searched in vain for what might be considered a proper indu-
sium, but find nothing resembling it; neither can we detect any cha-
racter that would warrant the removal of the plant from Drynaria, as
that genus is now characterized.

x ¥ xX % Frondes palmate vel pinnatifide. (Sori immersi, uni-biseriales,
rartusve sparst. )
15. DrRYNARIA PALMATA, J. Sm.

Drynaria palmata, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 397.
Polypodium palmatum, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav., p. 131.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trees, in mountain forests.

~ On comparing this with the D. (Polypodium) tridactylum, of Wal-
lich, as figured in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum, we find that,

POLYPODIACES. 51

in the outline and division of the fronds, it resembles that species
very much. In the present species, however, the venation is more
obscure; the sori form a single and continuous line the whole length
of the segments, about equidistant between the costa and margin ;
and the bases of the inferior segments are less decurrent on the stipe
than in the species referred to.

16. DryNARIA BILLARDIERI.

Polypodium Billardiert, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 147; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 851; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 362.

P. diversifolium, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 166.

P. phymatodes, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 66 (excl. syn. Forst.).

Nn

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Illawarra, New South Wales:
on trees.

In this, as in the following species, the divisions of the fronds pre-
sent a great variety of forms, from entire and elongated-lanceolate,
through various degrees of the lobed and digitate kind, to pinnatifid,
with numerous lanceolate segments, the terminal one the longest, and
with the lateral ones, bearing a single row of prominent, somewhat
sunken sori near the margin.

17. DryNARIA MAXIMA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 7.)

D. stipite alato; fronde glabra sinuato-pinnatifida vel pinnatifida ;
laciniis lanceolatis oblongisve acuminatis v. obtusis, terminali elongata
lata repando-sinuata; rhachi subtereti prominente ; soris sparsis ob-
longis vel rotundis distantibus.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands; in mountain forests.

Whole plant from 3 to 5 feet high, with a stout creeping rootstock.
Stipe short, smooth, semiterete, and channeled in front, broadly
winged, the wing widening upwards. Frond smooth, subcoriaceous,
the upper surface shining, irregular in its outline and divisions, simu-
ately-pinnatifid, or pinnatifid down to within 14 inches of the rhachis:

52 FILICES.

lateral segments distant, lanceolate and acuminate, 6 to 8 inches in
length, or short and rather oblong; the terminal one from 10 to 15
inches long, by 2 to 3 inches broad, obtuse, with a repand-sinuate
margin; the sinus broad and rounded at the base. hachis smooth
and prominent, particularly so on the lower side. Sorv partially sunk,
large, rownd or oblong in form, distant and scattered irregularly over
the whole of the under surface of the frond. Sporangia intermingled
with clavate articulated glands. On the upper surface of the fronds
are protuberances corresponding in form and opposite to the sori
beneath, with a small cavity on their top.

So far as we are aware, this is the largest species of Drynaria
known. Its nearest affinity is to D. (Polypodiwm) phymatodes of
Linneus; from which however it is entirely distinct. A full set of
specimens shows great irregularity in the division of the fronds and
the position of the sori.

Puate 7.—Fig. 1. Summit of a frond, of the natural size. a. Entire
frond, one-fourth of the natural size. 06, 6. Section of a frond, showing
the sori and venation. c, c. Vertical section of the same, showing the
partially sunken sori. d, d. Sporangia.—The details more or less
magnified.

18. DrRYNARIA PUSTULATA, J. Sm.

Drynaria pustulata, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 61.

Polypodium pustulatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 31 & 229; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 168;
A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 363.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Auckland
Islands: on rocks and trees, sometimes on the ground.

This, like its near ally D. phymatodes, and perhaps in a still greater
degree, is found to vary in the size and divisions of its fronds; the
more usual state of which is to be pinnatifid, with oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate segments, diminishing in size towards the point, with an
entire thickened margin. The sori are most profuse on the upper
half of the frond, extending from the rhachis to the very point of the

POLYPODIACES 53

segments, and usually forming a single row, about equidistant between
the costa and margin.

19. DRYNARIA VULGARIS, J. Sm.

Drynaria vulgaris, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 61.
Polypodium phymatodes, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 830; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 167.
P. grosswm, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 9, t. 8.

Has. Paumotu Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and
Feejee Islands. Tongatabu. Philippine and Mangsi Islands: on
rocks and trees; frequent.

The relationship of this to the preceding is very close; but in the
following particulars it seems to differ: the whole plant is larger, the
fronds less coriaceous, and a little shining on the upper surface: the
segments are more distant, with the margin slightly recurved and not
so evidently thickened: the sori are larger, distant, orbicular, or ellip-
tical, and arranged in a single row equidistant between the costa and
margin; with more or less of a tendency (apparent through a great
number of specimens) to bear a double row of sori on each side of the
costa: and in some specimens from the Feejee and Mangsi Islands
this row is complete: the venules are more slender, and the areoles
smaller.

On the low coral islands of the Paumotu group, which are scantily
furnished with vegetation, and near the shores of the higher islands
in the Pacific Ocean, within twenty degrees of the equator, the
present species is of very frequent occurrence, luxuriating in barren
‘and exposed situations.

290. DRYNARIA ALTERNIFOLIA,

D. stipite glabro semitereti; fronde subcoriacea profunde pinnatifida,

laciniis subalternis distantibus patentibus lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis,
14

5A FILICES.

margine repando-dentato; soris rotundis uniserialibus subvmmersis
distantibus.

Polypodium alternifolium, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 168.
Has. Sandal-wood Bay, Feejee Islands.

Stipe smooth and half round. Frond somewhat coriaceous and deeply
pinnatifid ; its segments somewhat alternate and spreading, linear-lanceo-
late, attenuate to a point, the margin repand-dentate. Sori round, ar-
ranged in a single row, subimmersed, distant.

This considerably resembles some forms of the preceding species ;
but differs in its narrower, longer and more distant, attenuated, re-
pand-dentate segments, with smaller sori: these are about the size of
mustard-seed, arranged in a single line, situated much closer to the
costa, and less immersed.

21. DRYNARIA GLAUCA, Sp. Nov.

D. stipite glabro tereti basi squamoso; fronde coriacea utrinque glauca
profunde pinnatifida, laciniis suboppositis lineari-lanceolatis leviter
acuminatis ; soris parvis rotundis solitarus uniservalibus.

Has. Mount Maijaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stipe from 6 to 8 inches long, about the thickness of the quill of a
pigeon, round and smooth, with a few slender subulate scales at the base.
Frond coriaceous, a little longer than the stipe, oblong and acuminate
in circumscription, glaucous beneath, partially so on the upper surface,
deeply pinnatifid : segments subopposite, distant, the terminal one the
longest, linear-lanceolate and slightly acuminate, or linear-oblong and
mucronulate (so in one of our specimens, which is perhaps distorted
from the attack of insects), the margin thickened. Sori small, round,
solitary, confined to the upper half of the frond, and arranged in a
single row, equidistant between the costa and margin, and continuing
‘to within half an inch of the apex of the segments,

POLYPODIACE &. 55

* * * * x * Frondes dissimilares. (Sori uniseriales coste paralleli, vel biseriales —
venis primariis paralleli.)

22. DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA, J. Sm.

Drynaria quercifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 61.

Polypodium quercifolium, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 82; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 170; Kaulf.
Enum. Fil. p. 97; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. fasc. 2, p. 185; Gaud. Bot. Freyc.
Voy. p. 368.

Has, Mindanao, Philippine Islands: on trees.

23. DRYNARIA DIVERSIFOLIA, J. Sm.

D. rhizomate repente; frondibus sterilibus cordato-ovatis acuminatis
lobato-sinuatis utrinque squamoso-hirsutis, fertilibus stypitatis glabris
pinnatis ; pinnis articulatis brevi-petiolulatis rigidis divaricatis lanceo-
lato-linearibus acuminatis margine crenato undulatis basi obliquis
cuneatis ; soris rotundis subimmersis uniserralibus.

Drynaria diversifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 61.
Polypodium diversifolium, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 147; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 355.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands; on trees near the coast.

Plant forming large patches, having a thick, short, creeping root-
stock, which is covered with slender brown fimbriated pales. Fronds
numerous and crowded; the sterile ones sessile, of a brown colour when
recent, sguamose-hirsute on both sides, from 6 to 8 inches long and 3
to 4 lines broad near the base, cordate-ovate and acuminate; the
margin sinwately lobed ; the lobes crenate: scales on the surface slender
and deeply laciniated. Fertile fronds pinnate to the very point, with
a firm, smooth, ash-gray rhachis and stipe, the latter about 6 inches
long, nearly round, with a shallow channel in front. Pinne nume-
rous, nearly opposite, from 4 to 6 inches long and about 4 lines broad,
seated on a very short petiole, which is articulated with the rhachis,

56 FILICES.

lanceolate-linear, acuminate, with a crenate undulate margin, and an
unequal cuneate base. Sori round, subimmersed, and solitary, forming
a continuous row the whole length, equidistant between the costa and
margin.

17. AGLAOMORPHA, Schott, J. Sm.

(PsyamiuM, Presl.)
1. AgLAomoRPHA MEYENIANA, Schott.

Aglaomorpha Meyeniana, Schott, Gen. Fil. t. 19, ex J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4,
p- 63; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 91.
Psygmium elegans, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 200, t. 8, f. 21 & 22.

Has. Mountains near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

This interesting and singular Fern was found by us inhabiting cliffs
and branches of trees, where it forms large tufts or bunches. The
sterile fronds are brown, rigid, cordate-ovate, and sessile, about 6
inches in length; in a recent state they have very much the appear-
ance of dry oak leaves. In the fertile frond, the lower half is pinna-
tifid and sterile, the upper half pinnate; the pinne long, slender,
sinuously pinnatifid or lobed, and articulated with the rhachis. We
find the sporangia to be produced on the confluence of two venules,
and often only on one, as mentioned by Sir William J. Hooker;
but we have not been able to detect them seated on the confluence of
several venules, as stated by Mr. J. Smith.

18. DICTYOPTERIS, Presl, J. Sm.
(Potypoptl, Sp. Auct.)

Distinguished from the preceding genus, and also from Drynaria,
by the absence of free veinlets, terminating within the areoles.

POLYPODIACE &. 57

1. DicTYOPpTERIS ATTENUATA, Pres.

Dictyopteris attenuata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 194, t. 8, f. 8; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 71, B.
Polypodium attenuatum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 146; A. Rich. Bot. Voy.
Astrol. p. 62; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 362.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand: on trunks and branches of
trees; frequent.

2. DICTYOPTERIS IRREGULARIS, Pres/ ?

D. stipite glabro sulcato; fronde glabra pinnata; pinnis subalternis
oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis acutis sub-
falcatis sinuato-dentatis ; soris numerosis inordinatis.

Dictyopteris irreguiaris, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 194, t. 8, f. 7?
Has. Mountains near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Plant about 3 feet high. Stipe glabrous, sulcate, and frond about equal
in length; the latter smooth, simply pinnate, and drying black. Pinne
subalternate, remote, and seated on a short petiole, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minate, pinnatifid about half way down to the costa; the inferior 2 or
3 pairs deeply pinnatifid at the base. Segments from 4 to 6 lines
broad, oblong, acute, subfalcate, and confluent towards the apex of the
pinne, the margin irregularly and bluntly serrate. The sinuses are
rounded at the base, and about half the breadth of the segments.
Rhachis slightly compressed, with several shallow furrows in front.

This agrees very well with the sectional figure of D. wregularis,

given in Presl’s Tentamen Pteridographie; but not having seen any
description of the species, we have adopted Presl’s name with a doubt.

19. SELLIGUEA, Bory, J. Sm.

(Ceteracuis Spec. Hook. & Grev. Ponypopi & Grammiripis Spec. Wall.)
15

58 FILICES.

1, SELLIGUEA INVOLUTA.
Grammitis involuta, Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal. p. 14; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 53.

Has. Samoan and Feejee Islands: high on the branches of trees.

In a recent state, the fronds of this species are not involute; and
although in our specimens they are not so large as represented in
the Icones Filicum, the plant is evidently the same.

2. SELLIGUEA ALIENA, Sp. Nov.

S. rhizomate repente; stipitibus elongatis marginatis ; frondibus integris
glabris membranaceis lanceolatis caudato-acuminatis basi attenuatis
margine repandis ; soris obliquis continuis marginem vix attingentibus.

Has. Mountains near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

The fronds are about 9 inches long, and 14 inches broad, smooth,
membranaceous, lanceolate, and terminating in a tail-like point, the base
decurrent on a slender margined stipe, nearly as long as the frond.

Closely related to S. (Ceterach) paniculata of Hooker and Greville ;
but in our plant the fronds are much longer, both the base and the
point being more lengthened out, and the sori do not advance so
close to the margin. It is nearly allied also to the Grammitis mem-
branacea of Blume.

3. SELLIGUEA PLANTAGINEA, Sp. Nov.
S. rhizomate repente squamoso ; frondibus coriaceis glabris supra nitidis
oblongo-lanceolatis attenuatis basi leviter decurrentibus margine crebre

crenato-undulatis ; soris obliquis latis interruptis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: terrestrial, in high mountain forests.

POLYPODIACEA. 59

Rootstock creeping, about the thickness of a goosequill, closely covered
with oblong, attenuated scales. Fronds distant, smooth, and of a firm
consistence, erect, about 10 inches in length, and 12 inches broad,
oblong-lanceolate, attenuated very gradually into a narrow point; the
base decurrent for a short distance on the stipe; which is smooth, semi-
terete, angular in front, and about 4 inches long. Sori broad, par-
tially interrupted, occupying nearly the whole of the space between

_ the oblique primary veins, and extending outwards to the thickened
erenate-undulate margin.

The sori in this species are broad, and sometimes divided into round,
ovate, or oblong heaps, showing an affinity with many species of Dry-
naria; but the more usual form which they present is oblong-linear
or linear: we have therefore referred the plant to Selliguea.

20. TA NITIS, Sw., Prest.
(Tznitipis Spec. Willd. & Auct.)

1. TNITIS BLECHNOIDES, Sw.

Teenitis blechnoides, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 24 & 220; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 185; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 108; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 226, t. 10, f. 4; Hook. Gen.
Fil. t. 77, B.

Has. Singapore.

A. TANIOPSIS, J. Sm.
(Virrarim Spec. Auct. Haprioprerrpis Spec. Presl. Taniopreris, Hook.)
The species belonging to this genus are of the same habit as those

of Vittaria, from which they differ only in having the line of sori
situated a little within the margin.

60 FILICES.

1. TNIOPSIS GRAMINIFOLIA, J. Sm.

Teeniopsis graminifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. of Bot. 4, p. 67.
Vittaria graminifolia, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 192.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Plant terrestrial and csespitose, with erect fronds, costate, about a
span long, and a little more than one line broad. Sori forming a con-
tinuous line the whole length of the frond, a little nearer to the
margin than the costa.

2. Taniopsis Ricutana,* Sp. Nov.

T. rhizomate crasso repente paleaceo ; fronde pendula subcoriacea lineari-
ensiformi basi attenuata plana costata; soris latis; sporangus pilis
clavatis articulatis intermistis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: in mountain forests, on trees; rare.

Rootstock thick and creeping, of a sooty-black colour, paleaceous ; the
paleze linear-lanceolate, attenuate, and reticulated. Fronds pendulous,
2 to 3 feet long, subcoriaceous, linear-ensiform, about 6 lines broad,
plane, attenuate at the base, the point subacute. Veins evident, oblique,
simple, but occasionally forked. Sori broad, about one line broad,
produced on the upper half of the frond only, close to the margin
and continuous; the sporangia pedicellate, intermingled with nume-
rous dark brown, articulated, clavate hairs.

22. VITTARIA, J. E. Sm.

1. VITTARIA ENSIFORMIS, Sw.

Vittaria ensiformis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 109; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 406; Blume, Enum.
Plant. Jay. p. 198; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 165.

* We have named this species in compliment to William Rich, Esq., the principal
botanist of the Exploring Expedition.

POLYPODIACES. 61
Has. Mount Maijaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Rootstock crinite-paleaceous; the pales of a light straw-colour,
entire, linear, attenuate, and reticulated. Fronds erect, rigid, linear-
ensiform, subfalcate, and obscurely costate.

2. VITTARIA INTERMEDIA, Blume.

Vittaria intermedia, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 199.
Has. Mountains near Bajios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Rootstock creeping, crinite-paleaceous. Fronds subfalcate, from 12
to 15 inches high, somewhat stipitate, costate, linear, and very much
attenuated at both ends.

This is distinguished from the preceding species by its more creep-
ing rootstock, the substipitate attenuate fronds, and the evident costa ;
but we do not find the margin to be so decidedly revolute as it is
described by Blume.

3. VITTARIA RIGIDA, Kaulf.
Vittaria rigida, Kaulf.. Enum. Fil. p. 193.
Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees; frequent.

Rootstock short and creeping, of a sooty-brown colour, paleaceous-
hirsute; the pales dark brown, linear-lanceolate, spinulose-serrate,
and beautifully reticulated. Fronds from 3 to 6 in a tuft, usually
erect, from 5 to 30 inches long, and averaging 2 lines in breadth,
plane, rigid, linear-ensiform, tapering more towards the base than
the point, which sometimes presents a truncated appearance, as if
bitten off by some animal; the costa on the lower half of the frond is
evident.

The fronds of this species vary much in length: in dry exposed
16

62 FILICES.

situations, they are short, rigid, and erect; while in sheltered, warm,
humid localities they are much longer, more flaccid, and pendulous.

4, VITTARIA PLANTAGINEA, Bory.

Vittaria plantaginea, Bory, ex. Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 406; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 187.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee Islands: on trees.

Rootstock creeping, nearly as thick as a goosequill, and closely
covered with dark brown, setose, linear-lanceolate, subulate, reti-
culated pales. Fronds numerous, approximate, 10 to 12 inches in
length, erect, subcoriaceous, linear or linear-lanceolate, acuminate and
about 3 lines broad; the costa obscure.

The principal difference between this and the preceding species
consists in the thicker and longer rootstock, the darker brown setose-
subulate palese, and the more numerous fronds.

5. VITTARIA ELONGATA, Sw.

Vittaria elongata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 109 & 802; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 406; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 200; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 107.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on trees.

Rootstock creeping and paleaceous. Fronds membranaceous, 4 to
6 feet long, linear, pendulous, 3 to 4 lines broad, and very much atte-
nuated at the base, towards the point less so. Veins obscure; the
costa only evident on the lower half of the frond.

In the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage, we find this species enume-
rated among plants collected at the Sandwich Islands, where alone
the V. rigida of Kaulfuss has hitherto been found; while in the same
work the, latter plant is said to occur at the Society Islands. There
has evidently been a transposition of the stations of the two species.

POLYPODIACEA, 63

23. ANTROPHYUM, Kaulf.

x Ecostata.
1. ANTROPHYUM RETICULATUM, Kaul/.

Antrophyum reticulatum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 198; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay.
p. 110.

Hemionitis reticulata, Forst. ex. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 20 & 208; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p- 128,

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

Fronds from 10 to 20 inches long and one to 2 inches broad, elon-
gated-lanceolate and acuminate, the base attenuate and decurrent on
the stipe, with a pellucid margin; the sporangia immersed; and the
sori villous,

2. ANTROPHYUM ANGUSTATUM, Sp. Nov.

A. frondibus stipitatis coriaceis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis obtusis basi
decurrentibus ecostatis ; sporangiis profunde immersis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on trees, in mountain forests.

Rootstock short and creeping, paleaceous-hirsute; the palez oblong,
much attenuated, beautifully and delicately reticulated, the margin
spinulose-serrate. Stipe 4 inches long, slightly compressed. Fronds
numerous, approximate, from 8 to 10 inches long, and about 6 lines
broad, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, tapering gradually into a rounded or
sometimes acute point, the base decurrent a short distance on the stipe;
the meshes of the reticulated veins much elongated: costa none. Sori
linear, continuous and naked; the sporangia deeply immersed in the
substance of the frond,

From A. reticulatum this differs by its longer stipes, narrower
fronds, and deeper immersed sori.

64 FILICES.

3. ANTROPHYUM PUMILUM, Kaul/.

Antrophyum pumilum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 197.
Hemionitis immersa, Bory, ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 127.

Has. Mangsi Islands: forming dense patches on trunks of trees.

None of the fronds of this well-marked species are over 12 inches
in length : they are oblong, obtuse, and attenuated at the base, which,
as well as the costa and occasionally the margin of the fronds, is fur-
nished with scattered, slender, reticulated, spinulose, brown scales.
Sori interrupted, with immersed sporangia.

4, ANTROPHYUM PLANTAGINEUM, Kaulf.

Antrophyum plantaginewm, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 197; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav.
p- 109; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 74; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 109, A.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on rocks and trunks of trees.

Fronds oblong-lanceolate, attenuating on a stipes of 3 to 5 inches in
length.

To this species is nearly related the Antrophyum Boryanum,
Spreng., as figured in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum; and we
are not satisfied that the one is anything more than a slight variety
of the other. In A. Boryanum the fronds are described as “ oblongo-
ellipticis obovatisve acutis,” with the areoles formed by the veins
not quite so much elongated as in our specimens of the A. planta-
gineum; but in the latter respect, as well as in the outline of the
fronds, both are lable to considerable variation.

* * Costata.
5. ANTROPHYUM ALATUM, Sp. Nov.

A, frondibus subcoriaceis costatis lanceolato-oblongis acwminatis basi
angusta in stupitem brevem attenuatis ; soris villosis. immersis,

POLYPODIACES, 65

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands : on trees.

Rootstock short; the rootlets thick, and closely covered with brown-
ish pubescence. Stipe about one inch in length, or almost entirely
wanting. Fronds subcoriaceous, tufted, from 8 to 12 inches in length
and 3 to 4 inches broad, lance-oblong, and terminating in an acuminate
point a little over an inch in length, the base attenuated very gra-
dually, and decurrent on the short stipe. Costa’ elevated on the under
side, and very evident on the lower part of the frond for more than
two-thirds of its length. Sori villose, immersed, forming irregular
and interrupted lines along the sides of the elongated angular areoles.

This is evidently allied to the A. semicostatwm of Blume.

6. ANTROPHYUM SUBFALCATUM, Sp. Nov.

A. frondibus subcoriaceis costatis lineart-lanceolatis basi angusta in sti-
pitem brevem attenuatis; areolis anguste linearibus ; soris nudis sub-
immersis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on trees: rare.

footstock not over an inch in length, furnished with tomentose
rootlets. Stipes about 12 inches long. Fronds tufted, costate, sub-
coriaceous, 8 to 10 inches long, and 4 to 6 lines broad, linear-lanceolate,
subjfaleate, with a rather acute point, the base tapering gradually
into the short stipe, of a yellowish-green tint, smooth on the under
and slightly wrinkled on the upper surface. Costa (in a dry state) of
a pale straw-colour; the areoles formed by the venation are long-
linear, and angular at the ends. Lines of sora few, often continuing
uninterrupted for a distance of 2 or 3 inches, a little winding in their
direction, and generally nearer to the margin than the costa, with
naked and partially immersed sporangia.

Allied to A. falcatum of Blume; but distinct in the narrow, slightly
falcate fronds, and in the presence of a costa. In its linear and some-

what continuous line of sori, it presents a strong affinity with the
17

66 ' FILICES

~ genus Polytenium of Desvaux, which embraces only one known
species, the P. (Antrophyum) lineatum of Kaulfuss. To this, our
plant bears a striking similarity in the size and outline of its fronds,
thus proving to some extent, that the genus Polytenium differs little
from Antrophyum, either in habit, or in the nature of its sori,

24. HEMIONITIS, Lunn.
1. Hemionit1s ELONGATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 8.)

H. rhizomate repente ; stipite semitereti basi setoso ; fronde coriacea glabra
simplici ternata vel pinnata; pinnis (5-7) lineari-lanceolatis attenu-
atis basi oblique cuneatis margine cartilagineo leviter wndulatis ; soris
interruptis vel reticulatis.

Has. Feejee Islands: terrestrial, at an elevation of 3,000 feet.

Rootstock short and creeping, of a dark brown colour, setose; the
rootlets tomentose. Stipe about the thickness of a crowquill, 6 to 15
inches in length, semiterete, smooth and shining, slightly scabrous and
setose at the base. Fronds usually about the same length as the stipe,
either simple, ternate, or pinnate. Pinne 5 to 7 in number, ascending,
about 8 lines broad, linear-lanceolate, attenuated into rather an obtuse
point, the inferior ones seated on a short petiole, the superior sessile
and decurrent, smooth and coriaceous, with a hard, thickened, slightly
undulate and partially recurved margin. Costa thick and prominent
beneath. Areoles unequal, elongated, and angular; those nearest
the costa the largest. The lines of sori are frequently interrupted,
but in some of our specimens they unite and form a short crescent or
full areole. Sporangia mixed with articulated hairs.

This interesting Fern differs somewhat in habit from other species
of Hemionitis; but the character of its reticulated venation, and the
superficial sori are in strict conformity with that genus. We do not
think the slight interruption of the lines of sori (which may not under
all circumstances be constant) is sufficient ground on which to esta-
blish a new genus.

POLYPODIACES. 67

Pate 8.—Fig. 1, 1. Plants, natural size. 1a. Cross section of the
stipe, 106. Hairs from the base of the stipe. le. Section of a
pinna. 1d. Articulated hairs mixed with the sporangia, le, e.
Sporangia.—The details magnified.

25, CERATOPTERIS, Brongn.
(AcrosticuI Spec. Linn. Preriprs Spec. Sw., Willd. Exnosocarpus, Kaulf.)
1. CERATOPTERIS THALICTROIDES, Brongn.

Ceratopteris thalictroides, Brongn. ex Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 12,
Preris thalictroides, Sw. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 378.
Ellobocarpus oleraceus, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 148.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands: in fosses near the city of Manilla,
and marshy grounds, Santa Cruz.

Triste WT. ACROSTICHIEA, J. Sm,

26. ELAPHOGLOSSUM, Schott.
(AcrosticuI Spec. Auct. OLrers1® Spec. Presl.)
1. ELApHoGcLossum RADDIANUM.

Acrostichum Raddianum, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
A. spathulinum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 3, t. 15, f.

4,
2.
Has. Estrella Pass, Organ Mountains, Brazil; on trees and rocks,

An excellent figure of this plant is given in Hooker and Greville’s
Icones Filicum.

68 ' FILICES.

Our specimens, it will be observed, are from the locality where
Raddi first detected the species.

2. ELAPHOGLOSSUM SAMOENSE, Sp. Nov.

E. cespitosum ; stipite tereti villoso; frondibus simplicibus subcoriaceis
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis utrinque sparse villosis, fertilibus multo
yinoribus lanceolatis obtusis ; venis prominentibus furcatis patentibus,

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands; in the vicinity of Pago-pago Bay,
in mountain forests: on trees.

Rootstock ccespitose, short and globose, coated with ferruginous, villose,
squamose scales. Sterile fronds subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
about a span long, and 10 lines broad, willows with sparse, brown hairs
on the margin, together with the forked veins and costa, which are
promiment on both sides; the fertile fronds lanceolate, obtuse, 24 inches
long by 6 lines broad. Stipe about 4 inches long, that of the sterile
frond about half this length, densely villous; the hairs a little
deflexed. |

This is related to <Acrostichum strictum of Raddi; but the fertile
frond is much smaller in proportion to the sterile one than in Raddi’s
plant, which has a shorter stipe and narrower sterile fronds.

3. ELAPHOGLOSSUM SPLENDENS.
E. rhizomate ceespitoso; frondibus confertis elongato-lanceolatis apice
acutis bast subattenuatis utrinque paleaceo-squamosis, squamis lanceo-

latis ciliato-dentatis.

Acrostichum splendens, Bory, ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 104; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy.
p. 803; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees and rocks; on the latter at an
elevation of 8,000 feet.

The rootstock is usually cespitose, but sometimes forms a short

POLYPODIACE &. 69

erect trunk, 3 or 4 inches in height. Stipes from 2 to 3 inches long,
paleaceous-squamose. Sterile and fertile fronds about equal in size,
from 6 to 12 inches long, and usually an inch broad, elongated-lanceo-
late, acute; the surface on both sides almost entirely concealed by
chestnut-brown, ciliate-dentate scales.

4. ELAPHOGLOSSUM INTERMEDIUM, Sp. Nov.

E. cespitosum; stipite paleaceo; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis basi at-
tenuatis utringue squamosis, squamis imbricatis ovato-lanceolatis ciliato-
dentatis.

_ Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Stipe from 8 to 4 inches long, thickly covered with chajfy, straw-
coloured, membranaceous, ciliate-dentate scales. Fronds usually from
8 to 10 inches long, and a little over an inch broad at the middle,
oblong-lanceolate, the point rather obtuse, the base attenuated on the
stipe, both sides closely imbricated with ciliate-dentate scales. The
fertile fronds (though somewhat mutilated) are apparently of the
same size and outline as the sterile, but with a little longer stipe.

This is closely allied to the preceding species, as also to the E.
(Acrostichum) vestitum of Lowe, a native of the island of Madeira.
It differs from the latter only in its stipe being a little longer, in
the absence of blackish scales on the stipe, as well as on the costa;
and in the more densely imbricated scales on both surfaces of the frond.

5, ELAPHOGLOSSUM HYBRIDUM.

Acrostichum hybridum, Bory, ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 107; Raddi, Plant. Brasil.
p. 4, t. 16; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 21; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 303.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The sterile fronds in our specimens are broader and more rounded
at the base than those represented in the Icones Filicum; yet we feel

satisfied that they belong to the same species.
18

70 FILICES.

6, ELAPHOGLOSsUM LoNGIPES, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 9.)

E. rhizomate repente dense squamoso ; stipitibus elongatis gracilibus parce
squamosis; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis supra
squamosis, fertilibus minoribus lanceolatis obtusis; squamis oblongo-
lanceolatis spinuloso-dentatis ; venis patentibus ; venulis plerumque fur-
catis.

Has. Bajios, Andes of Peru.

Rootstock long and creeping, about the thickness of a crowquill,
covered with narrow, lanceolate, blackish, rigid, spinulose-dentate
scales. Stipes of both kinds of fronds equal in length, from 7 to 8
unches long, slightly compressed, sguamose, the scales covering about
half of the surface. Sterile fronds from 3 to 5 inches long, and about
6 to 8 lines broad, somewhat linear-lanceolate and attenuate at base, the
upper surface only covered with oblong-lanceolate, spinulose-dentate
scales ; the fertile shorter, 2 to 3 inches long, lanceolate, obtuse, slightly
attenuate at the base, squamose on the upper surface.

This is related to Acrostichum lepidotum of Willdenow; but it differs
in the fronds being squamose only on the upper surface, and also in
the greater length of its stipe.

PuatE 9.—Fig. 2. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 2a, 2a.
Scales from the stipe.—Magnified.
7. ELapHocLossum nivipum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 9.)
E. rhizomate repente sqguamoso ; stipitibus gracilibus com pressis squamosis ;
Srondibus glabris nitidis ovato-oblongis acuminatis basi attenuatis,
Jertilibus minoribus lanceolatis ; venulis JSurcatis prominentibus.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on trunks and branches of trees.

Rootstock long, slender, branched, creeping, chaffy with linear-
lanceolate, reticulated brown scales. Stipes slender, from 2 to 3 inches

POLYPODIACES. 71

long, slightly compressed and sparsely squamose; both kinds about
equal in length. Sterile fronds quite smooth and glossy on both sides,
with very prominent forked veins, from 3 to 4 inches in length and 12
to 15 lines broad, ovate-oblong, having a short acuminate obtuse point
and an attenuated base; the fertile smaller, lanceolate, one to 12 inches
long, and 6 lines broad.

The sterile state of this very distinct species occurs very frequently
in dense humid forests on the Island of Hawaii; but fertile fronds are
rarely to be found.

Puate 9,—Fig. 3. Plant, of the natural size. 3a. Scale from the
rhizoma, 30, Scales from the stipe. 3c. Sporangium.—Magnified,

8. ELAPHOGLOSSUM yiscosuM, J. Sim.

Elaphoglossum viscosum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 148.

Acrostichum viscosum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 10 & 193 ; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 103; Hook.
& Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 61 (opt.).

Olfersia viscosa, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 234.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: terrestrial.

There are few of the membranaceous, reticulated, ciliate scales
present on our specimens, and these are scattered over the under
surface of the sterile fronds.

9, ELAPHOGLOSSUM AMULUM.

E. rhizomate repente paleaceo-squamoso ; stipitibus glabris semiteretibus
supra sulcatis; frondibus stipitatis coriaceis oblongo-lanceolatis mar-
ginatis basi attenuatis, fertilibus longe stipitats.

Acrostichum emulum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 68.
Olfersia emula, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 235.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trunks of trees, and rocks, as high as
8,000 feet above the level of the ocean.

79 FILICES.

Rootstock creeping, nearly as thick as a goosequill, and closely
imbricated with brown paleaceous scales. Stipe smooth, semiterete,
with a single shallow groove in front, and a few scattered blunt pales
near the base, that of the fertile frond about twice the length of the
sterile one. Both kinds of fronds are about equal in size: they
average from 2 to 8 inches in length, and from 5 to 12 lines in
breadth ; in outline they are oblong-lanceolate, with an attenuated base,
and a somewhat hardened curved margin. Veins sunk, forked, and
parallel.

10. ELApHoGLossum FrEsgEnse, Sp. Nov.

E. rhizomate brevi crasso repente paleaceo; stipitibus semiteretibus basi
paleaceis, fertilibus longioribus; frondibus coriaceis submarginatis
utrinque lepidotis, sterili oblongo-lanceolata obtusa basi anguste atte-
nuata, fertili parva oblonga obtusa basi leviter attenuata ; venis immer-
sis parallelis furcatis.

Has. Feejee Islands: on trees; vicinity of Sandal-wood Bay.

Rootstock thick, short, and creeping, densely imbricated with long,
slender, reticulated, serrate, light-brown pale. Fronds crowded:
stipe of the sterile 3 to 5 inches long, that of the fertile more slender,
from 10 to 12 inches, smooth, half round, slightly margined upwards,
and paleaceous at the base: the sterile frond about a span long and
one inch broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, much attenuated at. the base,
with a partially thickened margin; both surfaces dotted with nume-
rous small, reddish, peltate scales, which extend sometimes to the costa
and stipe: fertile fronds smaller, oblong, obtuse, 8 inches long, by 10
lines broad, with a very slightly attenuated base,

This differs from the preceding species in the obtuse fronds, and in
the presence of numerous small peltate scales on both surfaces.

11. ELarnogiossum OBTUSIFOLIUM.

E. rhizomate crasso brevi repente paleaceo ; stipitibus semiteretibus basi
paleacers ; frondibus coriaceis glabris submarginatis obscure lepidotis
obovato-oblongis obtusis basi attenuatis, fertili angustiori et stipite lon~
goori; venis immersis parallelis et furcatis,

POLYPODIACESE. 73

Acrostichum obtusifolium, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 102 (non Willd.).
Olfersia Blumeana, Presl. Tent. Pterid. p. 235.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on rocks and trees, at an altitude of

2,000 feet.

Rootstock short and creeping, shaggy with slender, plane, brown,
paleaceous scales. Fertile frond coriaceous, glabrous, smaller and nar-
rower, and with the stipe twice as long as in the sterile one; the latter
in both semiterete, with a shallow groove in front, and beset with
slender brown pales at the base. Veins immersed, parallel, and forked.

This differs from our EH. Feejeense in the shorter and broader obo-
vate-oblong fronds, which are less attenuated at the base, in the shorter
and stouter stipe, and in the almost entire absence of peltate scales,
which form such a conspicuous feature in that species.

The Acrostichum obtusifolium of Willdenow has been referred by
Presl to his genus Gymnopteris, which has anastomosing veins.

12, ELapHoaLossum TAHITENSE, Sp. Nov.

E.. rhizomate brevi repente paleaceo; stipitibus semiteretibus basi palea-
ceis, paleis reticulatis anguste linearibus attenuatis; frondibus sub-
marginatis elongato-lanceolatis obtusis basi attenuatis utrinque lepi-
dotis ; venis immersis parallelis et furcatis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: terrestrial, in mountain forests.

All our specimens of this species are rather imperfect. Stipes of
both kinds of fronds about equal, half round, 4 inches long, palea-
ceous at the base. Sterile fronds 14 inches long, 15 lines broad, with
small peltate scales on both sides; fertile apparently smaller.

In size and habit this is like the #. gorgoneuwm; but it differs from
it in the presence of paleze on the stipe, and peltate scales on the sur-

face of the fronds, as well as in the free venules.
19

7A FILICES.

13. ELApHoguossum LINGUA.

E. rlizomate repente paleaceo; stipitibus elongatis glabris subtetragonis
sulcatis; frondibus glabris marginatis ovato-lanceolatis obtusis basi
attenuatis; fertili anguste elongato-lanceolata; venis parallelis fur-
catts.

Acrostichum Lingua, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 5, t. 15, f. 4.
Olfersia Lingua, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 235.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Stipes of the sterile and fertile fronds nearly equal in length, that
of the fertile a little the longer, rather slender, quadrangular and
channeled in front, from 12 to 15 inches in length. Sterile frond
about 8 inches long and 3 inches broad; the fertile one narrower;
both of them slightly attenuate at the base.

In all our specimens of this species, the stipes are longer than in
Raddi’s figure; but, making due allowance for the effects of local
causes, we cannot doubt the identity of the two plants.

14. ELAPHOGLOSSUM GORGONEUM.

Acrostichum gorgoneum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 63.
Olfersia gorgonea, Presl. Tent. Pterid. p. 235.

Has. Sandwich Islands : terrestrial, in mountain forests of Kauai.

The point of the fronds of this species is not always obtuse, as
described by Kaulfuss, but in many instances acute or shortly acu-
minate. It may also be remarked, that the apices of the parallel
venules are united by a transverse intramarginal vein; in which
particular it accords with the genus Aconiopteris of Presl: this, how-
ever, has excurrent free veinlets, terminating between the junction of
the parallel venules and the margin. In our plant, the free marginal
veinlets are wanting; and in that respect it resembles the genus
Olfersia of Raddi; yet with neither of these does it so well agree, as
with the genus to which we have here referred it.

POLYPODIACE SX. 75

27. STENOCHLANA, J. Sm.

(Acrosticut Spec. Auct. LoMAri# Spec. Willd., Kaulf. Oxtrersrm Spec. Presl.)

The most obvious differences between this genus and Elaphoglossum
are the scandent habit of the species, and the usually pinnate fronds,
the pinne articulated with the rhachis.

1. STENOCHLENA OLEANDRAFOLIA, Sp. Nov.

S. rhizomate scandente ; stipitibus glabris basi teretibus paleaceis ; fron-
dibus coriaceis latis pinnatis; pinnis petrolatis, sterilibus late lineart-

* lanceolatis acuminatis basi oblique cuneatis margine imtegerrimis
recurvis, fertilibus linearibus elongatis acutis basi rotundatis margine
leviter undulatis ; rhachi paleacea hirsuta.

Has. Feejee Islands: ascending the trunks of trees.

Rootstock long and climbing, about the thickness of the little finger,
and almost entirely concealed by ochraceous, long, slender, submem-
branaceous pales. Stipes smooth, about 5 inches long; both kinds
about equal, nearly terete at the base, with a shallow groove in front
towards the base of the frond, and densely covered with long, slender,
reflexed and twisted, brown palew. Both kinds of fronds are about
equal in size, broad, from 15 to 18 inches long, very coriaceous,
pinnate. Pinnce from 12 to 14 in number, about a span long, petio-
late; the petiole very distinctly articulated with the rhachis: sterile
ones 9 lines broad, linear-lanceolate, tapering rather suddenly into
a short acuminate point, the base obliquely cuneate; the margin rather
thick and recurved: fertile fronds 3 to 4 lines broad, long-linear, acute,
with a rounded base and a somewhat undulated margin.

2. STENOCHLANA LONGIFOLIA, J. Sm.

Stenochlena longifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 149.
Lomaria longifolia, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 152.

76 FILICES.

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Rootstock scandent on trees, and imbricated with pale, rigid, linear-
lanceolate, attenuate, fimbriated scales; the surface on removal of the
scales is rough to the touch. Fronds long, pinnate. Pinne sessile,
elongated-lanceolate, acuminate, with a rounded cuneate base, the
margin repand-dentate, of a darker green on the upper than on the
under surface. Veins on the under side prominent, either simple or
forked near the costa, and parallel.

The Samoan and Brazilian plants are similar in every respect.
In our specimens of both the fertile fronds are in too young a state
for satisfactory examination.

3. STENOCHLANA VARIABILIS.

S. rhizomate stipitibusque paleaceis ; frondibus pinnatis ; pinnis alternis
brevi-stipitatis, sterilibus glabris supra nitidis lanceolatis acuminatis
basi. attenuatis, fertilibus linearibus ; venis prominentibus simplicibus
raro furcatis.

Lomaria variabilis, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 294; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 203?
Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: ascending the trunks of trees.

Rootstock scandent, thick (succulent in a recent state), and imbri-
cated with slender, entire, lanceolate, attenuate, chaffy scales, which
extend to the lower half of the stipes. ronds pinnate; the sterile
much the longer (our fertile specimens are all very young). Pinne
on a short petiole (with the exception of the terminal one, which is
sessile), articulated with the rhachis, lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate
at the base, from 5 to 6 inches long and 10 lines broad, smooth on both
surfaces, of a dark green colour and glossy on the upper, with very
prominent, simple, parallel veins, which occasionally fork near the costa ;
the margin slightly undulate: fertile pinne from 6 to 7 inches long,
linear. Stipe and rhachis smooth, nearly round, with a shallow
groove in front.

From 8. longifolia this is distinguished by the pinne of the sterile

POLYPODIACES. 77

fronds being narrower and attenuated at the base, with a more gradual
acuminated point. :

4, STENOCHLHNA SCANDENS, J. Sm.

S. rhizomate scandente nudo; stipite glabro subtereti; frondibus coria-
ceis glabris pinnatis ; pinnis sterilibus subpetiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis
acumimatis basi oblique cuneatis margine spinuloso-serratis ; pinnis
Jertilibus elongato-linearibus margine integris revolutis; venis promi-
nentibus approxmmatis parallelis.

Stenochlena scandens, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 149; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 105, B.
Lomaria scandens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 293; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 208.

Has. Singapore. Rewa, Feejee Islands: on trees.

The climbing rootstock of this species is long and branching, desti-
tute of scales, emitting its rootlets in tufts or bundles. Stipe naked,
from 10 to 12 inches in length, nearly round, with a shallow furrow
in front. Frond coriaceous, large and broad; the sterile ones usually
the smaller. Pinnce 25 to 30 in number, 4 to 6 inches long, and from
10 to 15 lines broad, with a short, oblique, cuneate base, the petioles
very short and articulated with the rhachis; the margin hard, fur-
nished with sharp teeth; the upper surface shining, with a close
parallel striated venation: fertile pinne elongated-linear, scarcely 2 lines
broad, from 8 to 10 inches long, with an entire, reflected, indusiform
margin.

5. STENOCHLANA HETEROMORPHA, J. Sm.

Stenochlena heteromorpha, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 149.
Lomaria filiformis, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 363.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand; frequent.

This is a very distinct species, and interesting as regards its mode
of growth. The creeping rootstock (which is at first slender, but

inereases in thickness towards the point, and is often branched),
20

78 FILICES.

ascends the trunks of trees to a height of 20 or 30 feet, clinging to
the bark by means of its wiry pilose rootlets, and producing, from the
ground upwards, numerous small sterile fronds, and at the points, a
tuft of fertile ones, 3 to 5 in number. These fertile fronds are usually
about half the length of the sterile ones immediately surrounding
them, and both kinds are pinnate. Pinne seated on a short petiole,
lanceolate, with an attenuate apex, truncate-cordate at the base, and
serrulate on the margin: fertile ones long-linear; the sori becoming
confluent and concealing the whole under surface,

6. SrenocHLaNna FEEJEENSIS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 11.)

S. rhizomate scandente nigro squamoso-hirsuto; stipite brevi tereti squa-
moso; frondibus membranaceis lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis subal-
ternis petiolatis ovato-oblongis obtusis serratis ; rhachi pubescente,

Has. Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands: on trees.

Habit and aspect of the plant a good deal like the preceding, but
much smaller in all its parts. Stipe about one inch long. Pinnx 8
lines long, by 3 lines broad, seated on a short articulated petiole, the
margin deeply and rather irregularly serrated. Fertile frond not seen.

Puate 11.—Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, natural size. 1a. Pinna, to
show the venation. 1. Scale from the rhizoma.—Magnified.

28. POLYBOTRYA, B.K, Kau.
(AcrostIcHI Spec. Sw. Rarerpopreris, Schott.)
1. PoLtyporryA EXALTATA, Sp. Nov.

P. stypite semitereto sulcato squamoso-hirsuto; frondibus pinnatis apice
radicantibus ; pinnis sterilibus subpetiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis basi
truncato-auriculatis margine serrulatis; pinnis fertilibus oblongis v.
ovato-oblongis margine integris revolutis subtus sporangiferis ; rhachi
squamosa marginata,

POLYPODIACESE. 79

Has, Mount Maquiling, near Bajios, Luzon, Philippine Islands,

Both kinds of fronds are pinnate, and about equal in height; the
sterile one with a squamose rhachis, the upper half of which has a
narrow marginal wing, and rooting at the apex. Pinne alternate,
horizontal, 2 to 23 inches long and 6 lines broad, oblong-lanceolate,
with an irregularly serrate margin; the base truncate and slightly
auriculate ; the stipe slender, about 6 inches long, swlcate and sparsely
squamose-hirsute, Kertile fronds shorter and narrower, with a stipe
one foot in length: pinne 6 to 8 lines long, oblong or ovate-oblong, the
margin recurved and entire.

Allied to Polybotrya marginata of Blume. The whole habit of the
plant is somewhat that of many species of Nephrolepis.

2. POLYBOTRYA MARATTIOIDES, Sp. Nov,

P. rhizomate scandente ; stipite angulari rufo-squamoso ; frondibus mem-
branaceis glabris impari-pinnatis ; pinnis suboppositis sessilibus oblongo-
lanceolatis acuminatis serratis basi oblique cuneatis; rhachi squamosa
marginata.

- Has. Island of Savaii, Samoan Group.

footstock smooth, long, and climbing. Stipe angular, from 10 to
12 inches in length, with numerous small, appressed, peltate, reddish
scales on its surface. The fronds are membranaceous, glabrous, impari-
pinnate, with from 6 to 8 pairs of pinne; which are nearly opposite,
sessile, spreading, oblong-lanceolate and slightly acuminate, deeply ser-
rated towards the point, from 4 to 5 inches long, and 10 to 12 lines
broad, with an oblique cuneate base. Rhachis margined, and together
with the costa sparsely sguamose. Veins slender, parallel, simple or
sometimes forking close to the costa. (Fertile fronds wanting.)

This is distinct from the preceding species, in its shorter and
broader frond, with fewer and larger, deeply serrate pinnz, which are
not articulated with the rhachis. The pinne very much resemble
in their outline, some states of the pinnules of Marattia fraxinea; the

80 FILICES.

nature of the venation and texture of the fronds are also not very dis-
similar in the two plants.

3. PoLYBOTRYA OSMUNDACEA, HZ. B. K.

Folybotrya osmundacea, H. B. K Nov Gen. & Spec. 1, p. 28, t.2; Willd. Spec.
Pl. 5, p. 99; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 56; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 78, B.

Has. Organ Mountains, and Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Specimens of this from the vicinity of Rio have the rhachis, costa,
and veins sparsely pilose underneath; while in those from the Organ
Mountains the hairs are confined to the rhachis and costa.

4. PotyBotryA WILKESIANA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 10.)

P. rhizomate scandente; stipite semiterett superne sulcato via piloso,
frondibus glabris bipinnatis; pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis ; pinnulis ste-
rilibus submembranaceis sessilibus lanceolatis margine serratis basi
oblique cuneatis mtegris, fertilibus minoribus subpetiolatis linearibus
obtusis subtus sporangiferis ; rhachi squamoso-hirsuta,

Sterile and fertile fronds bipinnate, about equal in size, 2 to 24 feet
long, exclusive of the stpe, which is smooth, somewhat angular,
sulcate in front and of a pale straw colour; the fertile one stout and
sparsely pilose. Pimnce on both subalternate, oblong-lanceolate, arti-
culate with the rhachis, rather distant and spreading; the rhachis of
the sterile with a narrow margin; that of the fertile together with
the main rhachis, squamose-hirsute. Pinnules 8 lines long; sterile one
sessile, 24 lines broad, lanceolate and serrate, with an oblique wedge-
shaped base; the fertile smaller, linear, obtuse, entire, and petiolate,
petiole compressed, the margin slightly reflexed, entire, and sporan-
giferous beneath. Rootstock climbing.

We are not acquainted with any species to which this is closely
allied.

Puate 10.—Fig. 1. 1. Fronds, of the natural size. la. Fertile
pinnule. 16. Sterile pinnule. Ic. Scales, from the rhachis. 1 d,
Sporangium.—Maenified.

POLYPODIACES, 8]

29. OLFERSIA, Raddi.
1. OtrersiA CorcovavEnsis, Raddi.

O, stipitibus glabris sulcatis; frondibus pinnatis ; pinnis alternis, steri-
libus subsessilibus ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis integris apice falcatis,
Jertilibus linearibus brevi-petiolatis.

Olfersia Corcovadensis, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 7, t. 14; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p.
308; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 79 (opt.).

Has. Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil: on trees.

Stepes of both kinds of fronds long, smooth, shining, semiterete, and
channeled in front. Sterile fronds glabrous, impari-pinnate. Pinne
alternate, subsessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate and falcate at the apex,
with an obliquely cuneate base and slightly repand-crenate margin.
Fertile pinne contracted, linear, attenuated, and seated on a short
petiole.

30. ACROSTICHUM, Presi.
(Acrosricur Spec. Linn. & Auct.)

1. ACROSTICHUM RETICULATUM, Kaulf.

A, rhizomate crasso repente dense paleaceo ; stipitibus sulcatis bast palea-
ceis, fertila longiore; frondibus coriaceis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis
submarginatis basi attenuatis.

Acrostichum reticulatum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 64.
Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent and usually terrestrial.
Rootstock short, thick, creeping, and densely paleaceous; the palez

oblong, attenuate, and fimbriated. Stipes firm, smooth, and semi-
21

89 FILICES.

terete, with a single groove in front, and from 3 to 5 inches in length,
sparsely paleaceous at the base; the fertile one longer. Sterile and fer-
tile fronds usually about the same size, from 4 to 5 inches long,
smooth, very coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, attenuate at the base,
with a thickened entire margin.

2. AcRosTICHUM AUREUM, Linn.

Acrostichum aureum, Linn. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 116; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 65;
Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 8305; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 73.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands. Ton-
gatabu. Luzon, Philippine Islands: in marshy grounds; frequent.

Among our numerous specimens from all the localities above-cited,
we find forms or states of A. aurewm, Linn., from the same place,
and even from the same plant, to which the descriptions of A. spe-
ciosum and A. inequale of Willdenow apply in almost every parti-
cular ; and, although we have not authentic specimens of these species
for comparison, we have strong doubts whether they are distinct,
although Blume and Presl have retained them. Farther, we question
very much whether the A danwe/olium of Langsdorff and Fischer
ought not to be referred here also? |

3. ACROSTICHUM DANZAFOLIUM, Langsd. & Fisch.

Acrostichum daneefolium, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 5, t. 1; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p. 118; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 64.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro and near Estrella, Brazil: in marshes;
frequent. :

31. LOMAGRAMMA, J. Sm.

The author of this genus founded it upon a solitary species from
the Philippine Islands; and it is with much satisfaction that we are
enabled to extend its geographical range, and to add what we con-

POLYPODIACES. 83

sider to be a second species. In the general habit of Lomagramma,
and in the articulation of the pinnze with the rhachis, it resembles
Stenochlena ; from which, however, it is distinguished by a reticulated
venation, and in the fertile pinne being destitute of an indusium,
bearing the sporangia “on the marginal portion” of their disk.

1, LoMAGRAMMA PTEROIDES, J. Sim.

L. rhizomate scandente ; stipitibus sulcatis paleaceis ; frondibus pinnatis ;

— pins sterilibus alternis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis apice
repando-dentatis basi obtusis, fertilibus contractis linearibus attenuatis
bast subauriculatis ; rhachi costaque sparsim paleaceis.

Lomagramma pteroides, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. p. 152.

Has. Vicinity of Pago-pago Bay, Island of Tutuila, Samoan Group:
on trees.

Rootstock scandent, stout, and, with the sulcate stipes of both kinds
of fronds paleaceous ; the pales of a dark brown colour, long, slender,
and reticulated. Sterile frond a little the longer, pinnate; pinne 6
inches long and an inch broad, sessile, alternate, smooth on both sides,
subcoriaceous, linear-lanceolate, with a slightly acuminate, repand-den-
tate point, and an obtuse or rounded base; the costa on the under side
sparsely paleaceous. Fertile pinne from 4 to 6 inches long, contracted,
and seated on a very short petiole, /inear-attenuate, and slightly flexu-
ose, with a dilated subauriculate base. Sori continuing the whole
length of the pinne.

2. LOMAGRAMMA? POLYPHYLLA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 12.)

L. rhizomate scandente; stipitibus sulcatis furfuraceo-squamosis ; fron-
dibus bipinnatis ; pinnis petiolatis alternis ; rhachi marginata paleaceo-
hirsuta; pinnults glabris approximatis subalternis sessilibus oblongo-
lanceolatis crenatis ; costis sparsim paleaceis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on trunks of trees.

84 FILICES.

Stipes thick and of a pale straw colour, about 8 inches long, with a
few brown furfuraceous scales, which extend to the rhachis. Sterile
fronds bipinnate, large, 2 to 3 feet long. Pinnules numerous, approxt-
mate, glabrous, subalternate, sessile, about one inch long and 8 to 4
lines broad, oblong-lanceolate, the margin irregularly crenate. Rhachis
of the pinne with two broad marginal lines in front (a character not
well represented in the figure), beset with slender fugacious palez.
Fertile fronds wanting.

In the absence of the fertile fronds we infer from the habit of the
sterile ones, with their articulated pinne and uniform reticulated
venation, that our plant belongs to the present genus.

Puate 12.—Fig. 1. A pinna, showing its articulation with the
rhachis, of the natural size. 1a. Under side of a pinnule. 146. Scales
from the rhachis beneath.—Magnified.

32. PLATYCERIUM, Desv.
(Acrosticui Spec. Sw. & Auct.)
1. PLATYCERIUM ALCICORNE, Desv.

Platycerium alcicorne, Desv. ex Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 240, t. 10, f. 12.
Acrostichum alcicorne, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 12 & 196; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 111; R. Br.
Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 145.

Has. Illawarra and Hunter’s River, New South Wales.

2. PLATYCERIUM BIFORME, Blume.

Platycerium biforme, Blume, ex Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 240; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 80, B.
Acrostichum biforme, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 12; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 111; Blume,
Enum. Pl. Jay. p. 103.

Has. Island of Singapore: on trees.

POLYPODIACES. 85

The fronds of this in our possession are very large, but without
fructification. They resemble very much the Platycerium (Acros-
tichum) grande of A. Cunningham, a native of Moreton Bay; which
we saw in a cultivated state at Sydney, New South Wales, and
which is well represented in the Narrative of the Expedition, Vol. IL,
p. 181.

33. CYRTOGONIUM, VJ. Sm.

(Acrosticui Spec. Auct. Camprum, Presl. Pacrnopreris, Presl. JenKrnstA, Hook.)
1, CyRTOGONIUM RIVULARE, Sp. Noy. (Tab. 11.)

C. rhazomate repente ; stipitibus angularibus paleaceis ; frondibus membra-
naceis glabris oblongis attenuatis bast pinnatis versus apicem sinuato-
pinnatifidis, fertilibus minoribus; pinnis integris oblongo-lanceolatis
wel ovatis obtusis subfalcatis apice proliferis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: banks of streams, on wet rocks, in
shady places.

Rootstock creeping, about the thickness of a goosequill, and palea-
ceous; the palex reticulate, ovate-oblong, attenuate, dentate. Stipes
angular, slightly furrowed, 4 to 5 inches long; that of the fertile frond
12 to 14 inches long, and, together with the rhachis, bearing slender
rufous palee. Sterile fronds 8 to 10 inches long, smooth and mem-
branaceous, oblong, attenuated, the base pinnate, towards the apex
sinuato-pinnairjid, the latter with the obtuse points of the pinne proli-
ferous. Fertile fronds small, not exceeding 4 inches in length, with
the points of the pinne oblong-lanceolate or ovate, more rounded than in
the sterile ones. Sporangia of a pale straw-colour, concealing the
whole of the under surface.

Puate 11.—Fig. 2. Plant, of fhe natural size. 2a. A scale from
the stipe. 26, 6. Sporangia.—Magnified.

22

86 FILICES.

2. CYRTOGONIUM ACUMINATUM, Sp. Nov.

C. rhizomate scandente; stipitibus glabris superne sulcatis; frondibus
coriaceis pinnatis ; pinnis paucis distantibus subpetiolatis alternis ob-
longo-lanceolatis caudato-acuminatis margine repando-dentatis, termi-
nali longiore infra apicem prolifero.

Has. Mountain forests, near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on
trees.

Rootstock long, climbing, sqyuamose. Stipes 5 to 8 inches in length;
that of the fertile frond a little the longer, glabrous, angular at the base,
sulcate upwards. Sterile fronds a little over a foot in length, pinnate.
Pinne 6 to 8 in number, alternate, the terminal one the largest, oblong-
lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, with a proliferous bud on the rhachis
near the point; margin repand-dentate. Fertile frond rather the
smaller, with 4 or 5 pinnz; these have less of the tail-like point pecu-
har to the sterile ones; the rhachis in both slightly margined.

3. CYRTOGONIUM PALUSTRE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 12.)

C. terrestre; stipitibus semiteretibus sulcatis parce paleaceis; frondibus
membranaceis glabris pinnatis apice sinuato proliferis ; pinnis oblongo-
lanceolatis pinnatifidis acuminatis basi oblique cuneatis, laciniis ob-
longis crenato-denticulatis, fertilibus minoribus oblongo-lanceolatis
petiolatis umtegris.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in marshy grounds near the coast.

Stipes from 10 to 12 inches in length, half round, with 2 to 8 shal-
low grooves in front, densely paleaceous at the base, towards the sum-
mit less so; the pale oblong, acuminate, reticulate, with a ragged
dentate margin. Sterile fronds deltoid-oblong, acuminate, rooting at
the’ apex, smooth, rather membranaceous, pinnate at the base, sinwate-
pinnatifid towards the point. Inferior pinne 4 to 5 inches long and
an inch broad, subpetiolate, nearly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acumi-

POLYPODIACES. 87

nate, pinnatifid, with an oblique cuneate base; the middle ones adnate
and decurrent; while those toward the point are confluent, entire,
subfalcate and obtuse. Segments oblong or triangular-ovate, the margin
denticulate, with a single stiff hair seated at the base of the sinus.
Fertile fronds narrower, with from 14 to 16 pinne: these are distant,
a little over an inch long (the terminal one the largest), 4 to 6 lines
broad, obtuse, with a crenate margin. Veins prominent on both sides,
the anastomosing venules slender.

In the division of the fronds and the form of the pinne, this species
is related to Gymnopteris aliena of Presl, from which however it differs
in the absence of free venules in the meshes. It is more closely
allied, perhaps, to Acrostichum Quoyanum of Gaudichaud, yet from this
it is sufficiently distinct.

PuatE 12.—Fig. 2, 2. Sterile and fertile fronds, of the natural size.
2a. Cross section of the stipe. 26. Scale, from the stipe. 2c, c.
Sporangia.—Magnified.

4, CYRTOGONIUM SCANDENS, J. Sin.

Cyrtogonium scandens, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. of Bot. 4, p. 154.
Acrostichum scandens, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 6, t. 18.

Has. Estrella Pass, Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The figure of Raddi, quoted above, though smaller than our speci-
mens, is a tolerably good representation of the species. Raddi also,
with a doubt, quotes as a synonyme the Acrostichum fraxinifolium of
Presl; but that is indeed a very distinct plant, both in habit and
character of its venation.

5. CYRTOGONIUM SERRATIFOLIUM, J. Sim.
Cyrtogonium serratifolium, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 154.
Acrostichum serratifolium, Mert. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p- 66.
Pacilopteris fraxinifolia, Presl.; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 81, B.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

88 FILICES.

34. PHOTINOPTERIS, J. Sm.
1. Psorinoprerts Horsrretpu, J. Sm.
Photinopteris Horsfieldii, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 155 ; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 92.
Has. Mountains near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trees.

The rigid, coriaceous, very peculiar and striking aspect which the
sterile part of this Fern presents, is not unlike some species of the
genus Ficus. We were not fortunate enough, during a short excursion
into the interior of Luzon, to detect the fertile fronds.

35. GYMNOPTERIS, Presi.

AcrosticHi Spec. Linn., Sw. & Auct. GyYMNOPTERIDIS Spec. Bernh. LoMaria,
Spec. Willd. Hymernouepis & Leprocuitus, Kaulf.)

Presl, in his Tentamen Pteridographisw, in defining this genus,
divides the species into two groups, viz.: “§ I. GymMNoprEeRris.—Frons
apice fertilis aut frondes dissimiles. Vene interne aut prominule.
Venule in maculas hexaganoideas anastomosantes.” Under this section
he enumerates G. spicata and five other species. Ҥ II. ANAPAUSIA.
Frondes dissimiles, coriacee aut herbacee. Vene interne aut elevate
costeformes. Venule in maculas transversim et irregulariter parallelo-
grammas lateribus curvatis anastomosantes.” To this last section belong
the G. latifolia and nicotianefolia, with other two allied species.

1. GYMNOPTERIS sPICATA, Presi.

Gymnopteris spicata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 244.

Lomaria spicata, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 289.

Hymenolepis ophioglossoides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 146, t. 1, f. 9; Blume, Enum, Pl.
Jay. p. 200.

POLYPODIACES. 89

Tripe II] PTERIDEA, J. Su.

36. HY POLEPIS, Bernh., Presi.
1. Hypo.eris TeNvIFOLIA, Bernh.

H. rhizomate subgloboso; frondibus amplis tri-quadripinnatis, laciniis
oblongis obtusis, inferioribus subpinnatifidis, superioribus coadunatis ;
rhachi pilosa ; soris parvis ; indusiis oblongis subreniformibus.

Hypolepis tenuifolia, Bernh. ex Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162, t. 6, f. 24.
Cheilanthes arborescens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 189, t. 8336; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 462.

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Group.

Fronds very large, from 3 to 5 feet high, from a globular rootstock,
somewhat rigid, 3 to 4 times divided, with broad spreading pinne.
Pinnules pinnate at the base, pinnatifid towards the point: segments
linear-oblong, obtuse, dentate-serrate; the inferior ones pinnatifid, and
bearing on their margin from 2 to 6 or sometimes even 8 small sori.
Rhachis of the primary and secondary divisions rufous-pilose on both
sides, and suleate on the upper one Indusia oblong, somewhat reni-
form.

There is little doubt of this being the Cheilanthes arborescens of
Swartz (Lonchitis tenuifolia, Forst.); but we are at a loss to know
what could have induced both Forster and Swartz to describe the
plant as arborescent.

2. HYPOLEPIS DISSECTA.

H, rhizomate repente; frondibus amplis tri-quadripinnatis, laciniis
lineart-oblongis obtusis subtus pubescentibus, inferioribus subpinnati-
jidis, superioribus coadunatis; stipitibus rhachibusque leviter rufo-
pubescentibus ; soris parvis solitariis.

28

90 FILICES.

Cheilanthes dissecta, Hook. & Arn. Bot. of Beech. Voy. p. 75.
Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests.

Rootstock creeping. Stipes thick and angular, smooth, with a short
brown pubescence in front. Fronds large, 3 to 4 times pinnately
divided. Pinnules pinnate at the base, pinnatifid towards the point;
the inferior segments lobate-pinnatifid, pubescent underneath. Primary
and secondary rhachis rufous-pubescent. Sori solitary, small, from 2 to
4 on a segment, with a pale, semilunate, scarious indusium.

That there is a difference between this and the H. tenwifolia is very
obvious at first sight, although not so easily pointed out in words.
In the present species, the whole of the divisions of its fronds are
more distant; the hairs on the rhachis of a downy character; the
sori fewer, more distant, and smaller; and the pale indusia more
lunate than in H. tenuifolia.

3. HYPoLEPIs RUGULOSA, Hook.
Hypolepis rugulosa, Hook. Spec., Fil 2, p. 68.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

The fronds of this species are large and tripinnate, with a dark
brown, glossy, slightly scabrous, flexuose rhachis; the divisions alter-
nate and divaricate; the ultimate ones from 2 to 4 lines long and
12 lines broad, with incised, obtuse, recurved lobes, which are smooth
on both sides. Sori few, 2 to 4 on a segment, with a half round,
membranaceous indusium.

We possess only a portion of a frond of this species, and that in a
very young state. It is very distinct, and readily distinguished from
either of the two preceding species, by its flexuose rhachis, and the
almost total absence of hair or down.

POLYPODIACE A, 91

37. CHEILANTHES, Sw., Presi.
(NorHoLan& Spec. J. Sm. CAsseprerm Spec. Auct.)

The genus Cussebeera, as restricted by Kaulfuss and Presl, appears
to us a very natural one, on account of the geminate sori and the
peculiar habit of the few species which it embraces. Mr. J. Smith
has framed the technical character of Cassebeera so as to include
several species of Cheilanthes and Pteris of authors; nearly all of
which we restore to their original genera, where, as regards both their
habit and the character of their sori, they appear to us to belong,
rather than to the Cassebeera of Kaulfuss.

1. CHEILANTHES VESTITA, Sw.

Cheilanthes vestita, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 128; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 458; Hook. FI. Bor.
Amer. 2, p. 264.

Has. Banks of Spipen River, Oregon. Butes, in the valley of the
Sacramento River, California: in rocky situations.

2. CHEILANTHES AMBIGUA, A. Rich. ?

C. frondibus bipinnatis; laciniis oblongis sessilibus subobtusis inciso-
dentatis revolutis; soris subrotundis interruptis vel lateralibus con-
fluentibus nudis, rhachibus costis et laciniis paleaceo-hirsutis.

Cheilanthes ambigua, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 84; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 366.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
Rootstock short and creeping. Fronds tufted, about a span high,

bipinnate, with short paleaceous stipes. Pinnze opposite and sessile,
not exceeding half an inch in length, the 2 or 3 inferior pairs distant.

92 FILICES.

The segments sessile, oblong, somewhat obtuse, dentate, and, together with
the rhachis and costa, hirsute with slender palew and hairs, of a light
brown colour. Sori round or oblong, laterally becoming confluent,
forming a slightly interrupted broad sorus, partially concealed by the
indusium, which consists of the scarcely changed, revolute, dentate
margin.

In the nature of its broad sorus this has a strong affinity with
some species of Platyloma of Mr. J. Smith.

3. CHEILANTHES TENUIFOLIA, Sw.

Cheilanthes tenutfolia, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 129 & 332; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 460; R. Br.
Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 155; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 214; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay.
p- 187; A. Rich. in Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 83; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 2, p. 366; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 82, t. 87, C.

Has. Hunter’s River, and vicinity of Sydney, New South Wales.
Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in rocky places.

4. CHEILANTHES LENTIGERA, Sw.

Chetlanthes lentigera, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 128 & 328; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 460.

Has. Vicinity of Obrajillo, Peru.

5. CHEILANTHES SPECTABILIS, Kaul.

Chetlanthes spectabilis, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 214.
C. Brasiliensis, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 60, t. 75, f. 2.
Hypolepis coniifolia, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 162; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 73, f. 88, B.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.
Whole plant from 3 to 5 feet in height, with a black shining stipe,

which, together with the main rhachis, is slightly margined. Fronds
broadly lanceolate, attenuate, and tripinnate; the primary divisions

POLYPODIACEA. 93

alternate. Pinnules adnate or sessile, deltoid-oblong, crenate, and
smooth on both sides. Sori punctiform and becoming confluent. In-
dusium membranaceous and dentate.

6. CHEILANTHES RADIATA, J. Sim.

Cheilanthes radiata, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. of Bot. 4, p. 159.
Adiantum radiatum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 121; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 437;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 303.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

38. PLATYLOMA, J Sm.
(Preripis Spec. Auct. ALLosori Spec. Presl.)
1. PLATYLOMA ROTUNDIFOLIA, J. Sim.

P. rhizomate repente; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis alternis ovatis ellipti-
cisve breviter petiolatis integris apice subito acuminatis.

Platyloma rotundifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 160, sine char.
Pieris rotundifolia, Forst. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Austr. p. 79; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 368 ;
A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 78; A. Gunn. in Hook, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 365.

Has. Port Jackson and Illawarra, New South Wales. Vicinity of
the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: frequent.

Rootstock creeping, above ground squamose. Stipes terete, squamose-
hispid. Fronds pinnate, erect: pinne alternate, articulated on a short
petiole, ovate or elliptical-oblong, about 6 inches in length and from 3
to 4 lines broad, with a short and abruptly acuminated point; the
margin entire and slightly crenate.

2. PiatyLtoma Brownu, J. Sm.

Platyloma Brownti, J. 8m. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 115, A.

Adiantum paradoxum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 155.
24

94 FILICES.

Has. Near Port Jackson and Hunter’s River, New South Wales.

Plant similar in habit to the preceding species, but of a much
larger size, and with oblong, linear-lanceolate, subfalcate pinne.

3. PLATYLOMA TERNIFOLIA.

Preris subverticillata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 103; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 375.
P. ternifolia, Cav.; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 126 (opt.).

Has. Bafios, Andes of Peru. Sandwich Islands: frequent on
mountains.

At the Sandwich Islands, where our finest specimens were pro-
cured, this beautiful species was found inhabiting arid and exposed
situations, growing among decomposed lava, and there forming tufts
6 to 10 inches in diameter. In ascending Mouna Loa and Mouna
Kea, it was observed in great luxuriance at an elevation of 8,000 feet.

4, PLATYLOMA ANDROMEDAFOLIA, J. Sm.

Platyloma andromedefolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 160.
Preris andromedefolia, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 188; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p. 406.

Has. Hills in the vicinity of the Bay of San Francisco, California.

39. ADIANTUM, Linn, J. Sm.

* Frondes simplices.
1. ADIANTUM RENIFORME, Linn.

Adiantum reniforme, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 120; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 427; Kaulf.
Enum. Fil. p. 199; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 2, t. 71, A

Has. Island of Madeira: in woods and fissures of rocks, in the
vicinity of Santa Anna.

POLYPODIACES. 95

Kaulfuss refers to this the A. asarifolium of Willdenow, which is a
native of the Isle of Bourbon.

* * Frondes pinnatifide.
2. ADIANTUM LUNULATUM, Burm.

A. frondibus pinnatis; pinnis petiolatis quasi dimidiatis oblongo-lunu-
latis obtusis margine superiori repando-dentatis basi oblique cuneatis ;
soris linearibus interruptis.

Adiantum lunulatum, Burm. in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 430; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p.
205; Don, Prodr. Flor. Nepal. p. 16; Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 104.

Haz. Samoan and Feejee Islands. Luzon, Philippine Islands.

In our Samoan specimens the fronds are young and without fructi-
fication, terminating in a filiform, naked rhachis, which extends 2 or
3 inches beyond where the pinns cease, and roots at the point; a
character already noticed by Kaulfuss.

3. ADIANTUM CAUDATUM, Linn.

A. frondibus lineari-oblongis pinnatis; pinnis alternis oblongis obtusis
dimidiatis utrinque hirsutis margine superiori incisis basi truncato-
cuneatis; rhachi hirsuta apice producto nudo radicante; soris ob-
longis ; idusio piloso.

Adiantum caudatum, Linn.; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 122; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 481;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 201.

Has. Vicinity of Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Plant forming dense patches. Fronds linear-oblong and pinnate,
with a stipe about an inch long; the rhachis lengthened into a naked
filiform point, which throws out roots at its extremity, and ultimately
produces a young plant. Pinne half an inch long, alternate, oblong,
obtuse, dimidiate ; superior base truncate-cuneate ; upper margin deeply

96 FILICES.

incised ; the apices of the segments emarginate, bearing oblong sort.
Indusium hairy. Whole plant furnished with articulated fulvous

hairs.

x * * Frondes bi-tripinnatifide.

4, ADIANTUM oBTUSUM, Desv.
Adiantum obtusum, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 188 (opt.); Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 19.

Has. Brazil: in woods, on the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, and Organ
Mountains.

This does not in any way differ from the plant figured in the Icones
Filicum, which is said to have been received from the Island of Trini-
dad. May not the Pteris adiantoides of the Flora Fluminensis, 11, t.
88, be an indifferently executed figure of this species ?

5. Aprantum Capittus Veneris, Linn.

Adiantum Capillus Veneris, Linn.; ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 449; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 404.

Has. Island of Madeira. Sandwich Islands: in fissures of moist
rocks. Sea-coast near Hilo, island of Hawaii. Valley of Nuuanu,
island of Oahu: on the banks of streams.

Gaudichaud also detected this species at the Sandwich Islands.
We have made a careful comparison of specimens from the latter
country with those of the A. Capillus Veneris collected by us on the
Island of Madeira, and find the two to be in every respect alike;
which is farther evidence of the great geographical range of some
species of Ferns.

6. ADIANTUM scaBRUM, Kaulf.
Adiantum scabrum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 207; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 53.

Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Chili; frequent.

POLYPODIACES. 97

In all our specimens of this the fronds are bipinnate, with orbi-
cular-reniform and dentate pinnules, hairy on both sides.

7. Aprantum Curtensz, Kaulf.

A. stipite levi nitente; frondibus bi—tripinnatis; pinnulis petiolulatis
rigidiusculis subreniformi-cuneatis crenatis; indusiis transversim ob-
longis approximatis.

Var. a. GLABRA: frondibus omnino glabris.
Adiantum Chilense, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 207; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 53.
Var. @. HIRSUTA: venis pinnularum utringue parce pilosis.

A. Chilense, 8. hirsuta, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 173; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 43.

Has. a. California, vicinity of Monterey and valley of the Sacra-
mento. (@. Chili, near Casa Blanca and Valparaiso.

The only difference between the Chilian and Californian plant con-
sists in the presence of sparse whitish hairs on both sides of the pin-
nules of the former: these hairs arise from the veins, and are usually
more numerous on the upper than the under surface.

8. ADIANTUM cUNEATUM, Langsd. & Fisch.

Adiantum cuneatum, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 23; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 450;
Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 59, t. 78, f. 2; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p- 206; Hook. & Grev.
Ie. Fil. t. 30; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 404; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p- 53.

Has. Brazil: vicinity of Rio Janeiro, and in the Organ Mountains.
Peru, near Obrajillo ?

9. ADIANTUM ASSIMILE, Sw.

Adiantum assimile, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 125 & 828, t. 3, f. 4; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 453 :
R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 155; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 405.
A. trigonum, Labill. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 453; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 37.
25

98 FILICES.

Has. Vicinity of Sydney and Hunter’s River, New South Wales.

So closely allied is this to the A. cuneatum of Langsdorff and
Fischer, that it is only to be distinguished by its somewhat more erect
and slender fronds, with pinnules not so evidently lobed. Its affinity
is also very close to the A. Aithiopicum of Linnzeus.

10. ADIANTUM AFFINE, Willd.

Adiantum affine, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 448; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 87; A.
Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 366; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 82.

Has. New Zealand; in the vicinity of the Bay of Islands.

11. ADIANTUM HISPIDULUM, Sw.

A, stipite angulato scabro paleaceo-hirsuto; frondibus oblongis acumi-
natis bi—tripinnatis ; pinnis alternis patentibus ; pinnulis trapezordeis
obtusis striatis hispidis, margine superiore profunde dentato, inferiore
integerrimo; rhacht communi et partialibus scabris hirsutis ; indusio
reniformi hispidulo.

Adiantum hispidulum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 124, ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 444; A. Rich.
Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 88.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

Stipe angular and slender, about 10 inches long, of a purplish-black
colour, rough to the touch, and, with the creeping rootstock and
rhachis, paleaceous-hirsute. Fronds tripinnate at base, bipinnate to-
wards the point. Pinne alternate, spreading, the terminal one longest.
Pinnules on a short petiole, subtrapeziform, occasionally rhomboid-
ovate, obtuse, and slightly faleate, hispid with dark brown hairs under-
neath; the superior margin and rounded point obtusely and deeply
dentate, the inferior one entire. Sori situated on a slight notch near
the centre of a tooth, 4 to 6 on the superior margin and 2 to 3 on the
obtuse point. Indusium reniform, a little hispid.

POLYPODIACESR 99

Mr. A. Cunningham in his “ Specimen of the Botany of New Zea-
land,” published in Hooker’s Companion to the Botanical Magazine,
vol. 2, p. 366, has united to this the A. pubescens of Willdenow ; but,
if we have correctly identified the A, luspidulum of Swartz, the two
plants are obviously very distinct; particularly in the circumscription
and division of the fronds, the size and form of the pinnules, and the
colour of the hairs,

*%* * * * FKrondes ternate vel pedate.
12. ADIANTUM TERNATUM, H. B. KX.

A. stipite angulato; frondibus pinnatis ternatisve etiam bipinnatis ;
pinnis glabris rhomboideo-lanceolatis acuminatis nunc oblongis subdi-
midiatis apice spinuloso-dentatis basi truncato-cuneatis 3 thachi: rufo-
tomentosa ; soris oblongis contiguis marginem superiorem totum atque
mferiorem ad medium usque replentibus.

Adiantum ternatum, H. B. K. ex Willd. Spee. PL. 5, p. 486,
A. triangulatum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 204?
A. fovearum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 08, t. 777

Has. Brazil; in the vicinity of Rio Janeiro,

Stipe angular, 8 inches to a foot in length, black, glossy, and rufous-
tomentose. Fronds about equal in length with the stipe, varying
from simply pinnate to ternate, and even sometimes bipinnate, with
approximating pinne 1 to 13 inches in length, seated on a very short
petiole, glabrous on both sides, rhomboid-lanceolate and slightly acumi-
nate, subtalcate, or subdimidiate-oblong, the base truncate-cuneate j supe-
rior margin and outer half of the inferior one cut into broad teeth,
the apex and margin of the sterile pinne dentate with sharp teeth,
Rhachis angular, densely rufous-tomentose. Sori 8 to 10 on the upper,
and 4 to 6 on the lower and outer margin, contiguous, and produced
frequently to the very point.

Willdenow does not appear to have seen fertile specimens of this
species; from this circumstance, as well as from convincing proof of
the variable character in the divisions of the fronds and form of the

100 FILICES.
pinne in the plant before us, we are of opinion that the A. triangu-

latum of Kaulfuss and A. fovearum of Raddi are not specifically dis-
tinct from it.

13. ADIANTUM PEDATUM, Linn.

Adiantum pedatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 121; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 438; Kaulf. Enum
Fil. p. 202; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 264.

Has. Banks of Chickeeles River, and in woods near Fort Nis-
qually, Oregon.

This does not differ from the plant of the United States and
Canada. Chamisso found it as far north as Unalaschka.

14. ADIANTUM PATENS, Willd.
Adiantum patens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 489; Hook. Spec. Fil. 2, p. 29.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Very closely allied to the A. pedatum of Linnzeus; from which it
may be said to differ only in its more approximate, broader, obtuse,

darker-green pinne, with a partial rufous pubescence on the upper
side of the rhachis of its branches.

15. ADIANTUM PUBESCENS, Willd.

Adiantum pubescens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 439; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 89;
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 75.

Var. @. DIVARICATUM: ramis divaricatis ; pinnis subflabellatis oblongis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.
New Zealand.

Feejee Islands. Bay of Islands,
South Wales.

Hunter’s River, and shores of Port Jackson,, New
(2. Muniai, Feejee Islands.

POLYPODIACE€®. 101

The usual form of this occurs very frequently, in dry rocky situ-
ations at all the habitats cited. In the var. 2. the stipes are more

slender, their branches divaricate, and the somewhat jlabellate pinne
shorter than in the original.

x * x * * Frondes supradecomposite.
16. ADIANTUM FoRMosuM, R. Br.

Adiantum formosum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. p. 155; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol.
p- 88; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 366.

Has. Illawarra, and shores of Port J ackson, New South Wales.

The stipes of this are nearly round, black, shining, and rough,
Fronds supradecompound, and rising to the height of 4 to 5 feet.
Pinnules numerous, glabrous, subrhomboid, crenate-dentate, Partial
rhachis pilose. Sori punctiform, with a reniform indusium.

17. ApIANTUM PENTADACTYLON, Langsd. & Fisch.

Adiantum pentadactylon, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 22 3 Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 448;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 206; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 98.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Closely allied to the A. trapeziforme of Linneus; but easily recog-
nised by its more acuminate and incisely-lobed pinnules.

18. AprANTUM TRUNCATUM, Raddi.
Adiantum truncatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 59, t. 78, f. 1.

A. betulinum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 207.
A. conicum, Velloz. Fl. Flumin. 11, t. 97.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

There are few species of Adiantum that exhibit such a distinct
26

102 FILICES.

impress of character as the present one, with its large supradecom-
pound fronds, and spreading branches, bearing pinnules about an inch
long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, and crenate, with an oblique truncate
base. Sori laterally oblong, approximate, with a smooth reniform
indusium.

40. DORYOPTERIS, J. Sm.
(Preripis Spec. Linn., Raddi. Liroprocur# Spec. Presl.)

Under this genus Mr. J. Smith has enumerated eight species, which
form a very natural group; the whole having smooth ebenous stipes,
and coriaceous fronds, which are either simple, cordate, digitate-
palmate or pinnatifid, and the veins so sunk in the substance of the
fronds as to be hardly discernible. The sori and venation are similar
to Litobrochia, but the species retained under Litobrochta by Mr. J.
Smith, are of quite a different habit and consistence.

1. DoRYOPTERIS SAGITTIFOLIA, J. Sm.

Doryopteris sagittifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 163.
Pteris sagittifolia, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 48, t. 68, f. 1; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy.
p- 384.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Plant 12 to 15 inches high. Stipes and fronds about equal in
length; the latter from an inch to 12 inches broad, with the lower
surface of a pale green colour. |

2. DORYOPTERIS VARIANS, J. Sm.

Doryopteris varians, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 163.
Pteris varians, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 44, t. 64, f. 1.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil; frequent.

POLYPODIACES 103

3. DORYOPTERIS PEDATA.

Lntobrochia pedata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 149, t. 5, f. 25,

Pteris pedata, Langsd. & Fisch. Ic. Fil. p. 17; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 358 (pro
parte); Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 47, t. 65, f. 3, t. 66 & 66 bis; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 107.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Sandwich Islands.

This is very variable in the division of its fronds and the form of
the segments. The sinus is either rounded or acute at base.

Among Pteridologists there appears to exist some difference of
opinion as to what really is the true Pteris pedata of Linneeus. Mr.
John Smith, in his “ Arrangement and Definition of the Genera of
Ferns,” and likewise in the “Enumeratio Filicum Philippinarum,”
refers it to the genus Cassebeera, which has forked veins, with direct
free venules. Presl, on the other hand, in his Tentamen Pterido-
graphiz, places it in his genus Litobrochia, where the veins are reticu-
lated. Langsdorff and Fischer describe the P. pedata as furnished
with a reticulated venation; their figure we have not seen. We
agree with the latter authorities, and with Presl, in considering the
plant with reticulated veins as the true P. pedata of Linneus. Some
states of P. geranitfolia of Raddi (which has a forked free venation)
might readily be mistaken for it, when not carefully examined.

4, Doryorreris pecora, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 13.)

D. ceespitosa; stipitibus levibus semiteretibus basi paleaceo-hirsutis ;
Srondibus glabris late ovatis cordatis basi pinnatis apicem versus pin-
natifidis; pinnis pinnatipartitis, laciniis linearibus obtusis, sinw angu-
lato; soris fere continuis.

Has. Sandwich Islands; in exposed situations, in crevices of rocks,
and among decomposed lava.

Plant from 3 to 10 inches high, ceespitose. Rootstock short and

104 FILICES.

squamose: rootlets filiform, fulvous-tomentose. Stipes of a sooty-
brown colour, smooth, shining, semiterete, plane in front, with a narrow
margin, sguamose-hirsute at base; the scales slender, linear, attenuate,
with a black costzeform line in the centre. Fronds broad-ovate, cordate,
sometimes showing a tendency to be five-angled, glabrous, and of a
whitish-green colour on the under surface, pinnate at the base, the
upper half pinnatijid. Pinne opposite, consisting of 3 to 4 pairs,
spreading, deeply pinnatifid. Segments one to 14 inches long, about
2 lines broad, linear, obtuse, the lower and inferior one often again
divided. Sinus wide and angular. Veins very slender and usually
evident to the naked eye, forming very long, oblique, angular areoles.
Sort continuous, seldom interrupted, except at the base of the sinus,
where they are altogether wanting. Indusium plane and rather
broad.

Although the fronds of this are not strictly pedate, yet they may
be said to resemble in many respects some forms of D. pedata; but its
much smaller size, deeper divided and less coriaceous fronds, the nar-
rower and more uniform size of its segments, the sori being inter-
rupted in the sinus, together with its paler stipe, readily distinguish it
from that species.

Pirate 13.—Fig. 1. Entire plant, of the natural size. la. Section
of a segment, showing the venation and sori. 1%. Scale from the
base of the stipe. 1, ¢. Sporangia. 1d. Sporules—The details mag-
nified.

41. LITOBROCHIA, Presi, J. Sin.
(Preripis Spec. Linn. & Auct. Camprerta, Presl.)

In the few species which compose the genus Campteria of Presl,
only the lower venules next the midrib anastomose, and their habit
not differing in any way from many genuine species of Latobrochia,
Mr. J. Smith has very properly united them to the present genus.

POLYPODIACE£. 105

* Frondes pinnate.
1. LiroprocHIA GRANDIFOLIA, J. Sin.

Litobrochia grandifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 163.
Preris grandifolia, Linn. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 8369; Agardh. Gen. Pterid. p. 7.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro and the Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Whole plant usually from 3 to 5 feet high. Fronds smooth, erect,
oblong, and simply pinnate; the pinne subpetiolate, elongated lan-
ceolate and oblique at the base, with a perfect reticulated venation.
Stipes smooth, sulcate, and of a dull chestnut-brown colour.

Presl appears to have committed an error in representing the Pteris
grandifolia of Linneeus, in his Tentamen Pteridographia, t. 5, f. 16,
as having a simply forked venation.

2. LITOBROCHIA DENTICULATA, Presi.

Litobrochia denticulata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 149, t. 5, f. 20.
Pteris denticulata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 97; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 372; Kaulf. Enum.
Fil. p. 187; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 28; Agardh. Gen. Pterid. p. 56.

Has. Organ Mountains and vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

This is a very variable plant, the most common form of which is
represented in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum; and we are
inclined to think, that the Pteris serrata of the Flora Fluminensis, t.
82, and Pieris palmata, t. 87, of the same work, are nothing more
than varieties of it.

x » Frondes pinnate; pinnis pinnatridis.
3. LiToBROCHIA COMANS, Presi.

Litobrochia comans, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 149.
Pteris comans, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 98; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 881; A. Rich.
Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 79; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. p. 865; Agardh.

Gen. Pterid. p. 59.
27

106 FILICES.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: in moun-
tain forests.

In specimens from the Feejee Islands the segments of the fronds
are longer and more attenuated, less falcate, with the apices more
dentate, rather than “serrate,” as in the original form; of which it
may be viewed as only a slight variety. The Tahiti specimens agree
perfectly with Willdenow’s and Agardh’s description.

4. LiToBROCHIA DECURRENS, Presi.

Litobrochia decurrens, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 149.
Pteris decurrens, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 48, t. 69 bis; Agardh. Gen. Pterid. p. 61.

Has. Organ Mountains, and vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

An admirable description is given of this by Agardh in his Recensio
Specierum Generis Pteridis; to which we have nothing to add, save
that it is a very common Fern in the forests around the base of the
Corcovado.

* x * Frondes bipinnate; pinnulis pinnatifidis.
®. LiroBRocHIA MACILENTA, J. Sm.

Lrtobrochia macilenta, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 168.
Pteris mactlenta, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 82, t. 12; A. Ounn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. p. 865; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 145.

Has. Tippona, Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in woods.

Presl, in his Tentamen Pteridographia, refers this to Pteris; but
it more properly belongs to his genus Cumpteria, in which the
lower venules anastomose. The figure of Pteris macilenta in the
Botany of the Voyage of the Astrolabe, it is true, represents a forked
venation, which circumstance may have misled Presl, as Richard, in
his description of the species, takes no notice of its lower venules
anastomosing.

POLYPODIACEX£. 107

6. LiroprocHia poLita, J. Sm.

Litobrochia polita, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 163.
Preris polita, Link, Hort. Berol.; Agardh. Gen. Pterid. p. 65.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

The solitary specimen of this, in our collection, wholly agrees with
cultivated ones, procured in 1836, from the Royal Botanic Garden at
Berlin.

x * * * Frondes pedatx vel ternatz, ramis bipinnatifidis vel pinnatis.

7. LivoBROCHIA INTERMEDIA.

L. stipitibus hine canaliculatis glabris; frondibus pedatis, ramis bypin-
natifidis, lateralibus tripartitis ; pinnulis alternis sessilibus lanceolatis
acuminatis pinnatifidis membranaceis glabris, lacinits oblongis sub-
jalcatis apice subacuto crenulatis.

Pieris intermedia, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 211.

Has. Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands. Manua and Savaui,
Samoan Islands.

Stipe naked and smooth, semiterete, channeled in front. Fronds
pedate, together with the stipe from 4 to 5 feet high, smooth, flaccid,
and of a pale green colour; the branches bipinnatifid, the lateral ones
tripartite. Pinnules alternate, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid,
membranaceous; the segments oblong, somewhat falcate ; the margins
from the base of the sinus, outwards for about two-thirds of the whole
length are soriferous, the apices rather acute and crenulate. Lower
veins arcuately anastomosing; the superior veins and venules reticu-
lated; their meshes irregular in form and unequal in size.

108 FILICES.

8. Liroprocuia pivaricaTa, Sp. Nov.

L. stipitibus levibus castaneis semiteretibus hine canaliculatis ; frondibus
ternatis, diwisionibus primariis bipartitis patentibus, secundariis pin-
natis; pinnulis sessilibus alternis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis pin-
natipartitis, laciniis lineari-oblongis subfalcatis apice obtuso crenulatis.

Has. Feejee Islands: on the margin of cultivated lands.

Plant from 4 to 6 feet high, forming dense thickets. Fronds
smooth, ternate; the primary divisions from 2 to 24 feet in length,
spreading, and divided into two equal pinnate branches. Pinne
deeply pinnatifid, alternate, approximate, from 35 to 40 in number,
seseile or subsessile, (inear-lanceolate, and narrowing into an entire cre-
nulate point of about 12 inches in length. Segments from 8 to 10 lines
long, by 2% lines broad, linear-oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, the point cre-
nulate. Sinus rounded at the base, the width outwards generally
about half that of the segment, but sometimes towards the base of the
pinne the intervening space is equal to the breadth of the segment
itself. Stipe thick, smooth and glossy, of a dull brown colour, semi-
terete, channeled in front. Rhachis, costa, and veins of a reddish-
brown hue; the lower veins of each opposite pair of segments rectan-
gularly combining, forming a low arch parallel to the rhachis of the
pinna; the outer ones irregularly and arcuately uniting: venules

_ usually free.

Distinguished from the preceding species by the fewer divisions of
its fronds; the longer, more acuminated, and deeply pinnatifid pinne ;

and the larger and more obtuse segments, with the rhachis, costa,
and veins of a darker colour.

* x ¥ x * Frondes tripinnate, divisionibus ultimis crenatis vel sinuatis.
9. LiroBROcHIA ELEGANS.

Preris elegans, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 104; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 390.

POLYPODIACE2.. 109

Var. a. BRASILIENSIS: stipite atropurpureo ; laciniis ovato-oblongis sub-
crenulatis.

Pteris elegans, a. Brasiliensis, Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 76.
Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

The stipe of this is dark purple, very stout, round, smooth, and
about 6 inches long. Fronds bi-tripinnate, smooth, and glaucous
beneath. Pinne subverticillate, with adnate and nearly opposite pin-
nules, which are either pinnate or repand-pinnatifid. Segments
ovate-oblong, acute, with a partially crenate margin.

We have relied chiefly on Agardh’s authority for this being a
variety of the Pieris elegans of Swartz; with whose description it well
agrees.

10. LiroBrocHIA VESPERTILIONIS, Presi.

L. rhizomate repente squamoso; frondibus glabris tripinnatis ; pinnulis
sessilibus ovato-lanceolatis profunde pinnatrfidis, laciniis oblongis ob-
tusis, fructiferis triangularibus, infimis repando-lobatis.

Litobrochia vespertilionis, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 149.

Pteris vespertilionis, Labill. Bot. N. Holl. 2, p. 96, t. 245; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
400; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 154; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 392;
Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 80.

Has. Port Jackson, New South Wales. - Bay of Islands, New Zea-
land: inhabiting thickets of bushes on the margins of forests.

Rootstock creeping and closely covered with linear-lanceolate, dark
brown, reticulated scales. Fronds varying from 2 to 8 feet in height,
spreading, smooth on both sides, somewhat glaucous beneath, b:—tripin-
nate, with distant, opposite or subalternate, ovate-lanceolate, deeply pin-
natifid pinnules. Segments oblong, obtuse, or in the New Zealand plant

broad-lanceolate, their margins lobed or repand-sinuate; the latter
28

110 FILICES.

character being most obvious in the barren fronds, or those in a par-
tial state of fructification.

11. Liroprocuia sInuATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 14.)

L. rhizomate repente; stipite levi tereti; fronde tripinnata; pinnis
patentibus ovatis acutis; pinnulis subtus glaucts oblongo-lanceolatis
margine sinuatis basi obliquis obtuse cuneatis, inferioribus subses-
silibus, superioribus coadunatis; venulis infimis arcuato-anastomosan-
tibus, exterioribus reticulatis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands; in thickets, at an altitude of 2,000
feet.

Rootstock creeping. Frond subscandent, 18 feet and upwards in
height, large, spreading, glaucous on the under surface, the upper
of a pale green colour, tripinnate. Primary divisions alternate and
stipitate, the ultimate ones subalternate, oblong-lanceolate, the margin
for two-thirds of its whole length sinwate, with an entire acute point;
the base oblique and bluntly wedge-shaped. Stipe long, round, smooth
and glossy, and of a yellowish-brown colour. Indusium narrow, plane,
and continuing to within half an inch of the point of the pinnules.
Lower opposite pair of venules anastomosing, and forming a low arch
nearly parallel with the costa; the outer venules forming irregular,
oblong, angular areoles.

Our figure represents the most common state of the plant; which
we found to be most luxuriant when inhabiting thickets of low trees
and shrubs, their branches supporting its tall fronds.

Puate 14.—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.
Section of a pinnule, showing the under side. 1, b. Sporangia.—
The details magnified.

POLYPODIACE AZ. 111

42. PTERIS, Linn., J. Sm.
(Preripts Spec. Presl. AxLosori Spec. Presl.)
§ 1. HUPTERIS, Agardh.

* Lrondes pedatee vel ternate.

1. PrERIS GERANIIFOLIA, Raddi.

Preris geraniifoiia, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 46, t. 67.
P. Pohliana, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 145.
P. laciniata, Velloz. Fl. Flumin. 11, t. 89.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil. Society, Samoan, and Feejee
Islands.

Of the identity of the plant from islands in the Pacific with Raddi’s
from Brazil, there can be no doubt; the specimens from the latter
country, however, are a little the larger. We have not seen the figure
of the P. concolor of Langsdorff and Fischer, from the Marquesas
Islands; but from their description it must be very closely allied to
the present species.

2. PrERIS SULPHUREA, Sv.
Pteris sulphurea, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 105; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 362.
Has. Vicinity of Obrajillo, Peru.

Whole plant 8 to 10 inches in height, with a smooth, round, ebe-
nous, glossy stipe, a little thicker than a quill from the wing of a
sparrow, about 6 inches long, squamose at base. Fronds ternate, 2 to
3 inches in length, pentangular-oblong, with a slightly acuminated
point; the lower surface covered with a yellow powder. Lateral
divisions subsessile and pinnate; intermediate and terminal ones petio-

112 FILICES.

late. Pinnze deeply pinnatifid, with linear-oblong, obtuse segments,
and a continuous indusium, which has a crenate membranaceous
margin.

x * Frondes pinnate.
3. Preris LONGIFOLIA, Linn.

Pteris longifolia, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 369; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 186; Agardh,
Gen. Pterid. p. 1 (pro parte).

Has. Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Our specimens of this, though rather depauperate, accord in all
essential particulars with Willdenow’s description. But we cannot
agree with Agardh, in referring the P. stipularis of Linnzeus hither.
The figure of it quoted by him in Plumier’s Plantes de l’Amerique,
t. 19, appears to us very distinct, on account of the lanceolate stipules
at the base of its more approximate pinne.

4, PTERIS TENUIFOLIA, Sp. Nov.

P. rhizomate brevi horizontali; stipite semitereti scabro paleaceo-hirsuto ;
Jronde pinnata; pinnis sessilibus alternis linearibus sursum attenuatis
margine revolutis crenato-serratis, basi inequali superne truncata in-
ferne subauriculata ; indusio angusto membranaceo stramineo.

Has. Tongataboo: in savannas.

footstock short, horizontal, brown, densely paleaceous. Stipe slender,
of a straw-colour, from 4 to 5 inches long, half round, and sulcate in
front, together with the rhachis slightly rowgh and paleaceous-hirsute :
paleze slender and tapering to a very fine point, reticulated, the meshes
linear-oblong and irregular in their length. Fronds broad-lanceolate,
a little attenuated at the base, from 15 to 20 inches long, pinnate.
Pinne sessile, alternate, spreading, straight, about an inch apart, from 4
to 5 inches long by 2 to 38 lines broad, linear, and gradually narrowing

POLYPODIACE &. 113

into a finely serrulate barren point; the margin of the fertile portion
revolute and crenate; the base unequal, its superior half truncate, the

inferior with a small round lobe. Indusium narrow, membranaceous,
straw-coloured.

This is closely related to the preceding species; but is readily dis-

tinguished by the narrower pinne, as well as the more slender and
scabrous stipe and rhachis.

5. Preris PELLUCIDA, Presl ?

Pteris pellucida, Presl? ex Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 10.
Has. Mountains, near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

This has slender and naked stipes, and smooth pellucid fronds,
which are either ternate or pinnate. Pinnz opposite, ascending,
sessile, elongated-lanceolate, and acuminate, the point crenate, and the
base somewhat wedge-shaped; about two-thirds of the margin on the
upper portion is fertile and contracted. We doubt whether this is
specifically distinct from the Pteris stenophylla of Hooker and Gre-

ville’s Icones Filicum, t. 130.
x * * Frondes simplices pinnatifide (pinnis inferioribus divisis),
6. Preris Cretica, Linn.

Pteris Cretica, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 874; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 209;
Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 9.

Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands; rare.
This coincides so well with the species quoted, that we do not think
it can with propriety be separated from it.
7. Preris umBRosA, &. Br.

P. stipite scabro semitereti hine trisulcato atro-brunneo; frondibus pin-
29

114 FILICES.

natis late ovatis rigidis; pinnis suboppositis lineari-ensiformibus de-
currentibus, infimis bi-tripartitis pinnatisve; rhachi alata; venis
parallelis sumplicibus scepiusve furcatis.

Pteris umbrosa, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. p. 154; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 18.

Has. Port Jackson, New South Wales.

Fronds broadly ovate, from 12 to 16 inches long, by a foot wide,
pinnate. Pinne nearly opposite, linear-ensiform, from 6 to 8 inches
long, about 4 lines broad, somewhat rigid, with faint pellucid dots on
the surface, the inferior margin decurrent and forming a broad wing to
the rhachis ; inferior pair of pinne stipitate, and either once or twice
divided or pinnate. Stipes of a dark brown colour, from 15 to 20
inches long, semiterete, trisulcate in front, slightly scabrous. Sori sel-
dom interrupted, continuing down along the wings of the rhachis.
Veins parallel, prominent, sometimes simple, but usually forked.

x * * * Frondes pinnate (pinnis inferioribus bi—tripartitis).
8. PTERIS CRENATA, Sw.

Pieris crenata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 96 & 290; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 373; Blume,
Enum, Plant. Jay. p. 209; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 14.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan, Feejee, and Philippine
Islands; frequent.

Near the sea-coast, and particularly in the vicinity of native villages
and dwellings: very abundant in shady situations.

9. PTERIS NEMORALIS, Willd.

Pteris nemoralis, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p- 886; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 210;
Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 25.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan, Feejee, and Philippine
Tslands.

POLYPODIACES, 115

This species has a consistency and form of frond in many respects
approaching very closely to others of the genus: we fear, therefore,
that species have been referred hither by authors which do not pro-
perly belong to it. Willdenow describes the stipe as from 4 to 6 inches
long; whereas in ours it is usually from 12 to 18 inches.

10. Preris BLumeana, Agardh.
Pteris Blumeana, Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 22.

P. scabra ? Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 390.
P. normalis, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 211.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan Islands; rare.

This is distinguished from the P. nemoralis of Willdenow by its
larger fronds, more deeply pinnatifid pinnx, with longer linear seg-

ments, and by the presence of numerous appressed sete on the upper
side of the costa.

11. Preris Excensa, Guud.
Preris excelsa, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 388; Agardh. Gen. Pterid. p. 21.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent.

A noble species, with smooth, upright, pinnate fronds, varying in
height from 3 to 5 feet. Pinne sessile, ascending, elongated-lanceo-
late, pinnatisect ; the lower pair usually bipartite. Segments from 50
to 70 in number, lanceolate, acuminate, subfalcate, the apex more or
less serrate. Stipe and rhachis smooth, angular, sulcate, of a pale
straw, or of a chestnut-brown colour.

12, PrERis TERMINALIS, Wallich.

Pteris terminalis, Wallich, ex Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 20.

Has. Mountains near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

116 FILICES.
Very nearly related to the preceding species; indeed differing only

in its less angular stipes and more membranaceous fronds, with divari-
cate segments.

13. Preris arcuta, Vahl.

Pteris arguta, Vahl; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 887; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 36.

Has. Madeira and St. Helena. (The St. Helena plant differs in
no respect from that of Madeira.)

x * * * * Frondes tripinnatifide vel tripinnate.
14, PTrERIS IRREGULARIS, Kaulf.

Preris irregularis, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 189; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 18.
P. alata, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 391, t. 19; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 107.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent.

The specific name of Kaulfuss is certainly a very appropriate one,
as there are few Ferns where irregularity in the division of its fronds
prevails to such an extent as in the present species; varying as they
do from bipinnatifid with the pinnules linear-lanceolate and entire, to
tripinnatifid, the segments oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, and the margin
crenate-dentate. ‘The veins are usually forked, but occasionally two of
the venules unite and form elongated areoles.

15. Preris trremuLa, R. Br.

Pteris tremula, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 154; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 40.
P. chrysocarpa, Link. Hort. Berol.

P. affinis, A. Rich. Bot, Voy. Astrol. p. 81?
Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand: along the margins of woods,

Specimens of Pleris chrysocarpa of Link, from the Royal Botanic

POLYPODIACES. 117

Garden of Berlin, in our possession, are not specifically distinct from
this New Zealand plant.

16. Preris SCABERULA, A. Rich.

P. stipite semitereti piloso scabro ; frondibus coriaceis tripinnatis ; pinnulis
Jertilibus alternis elliptico-lanceolatis acutis basi attenuatis, summis con-
Jluentibus et in laciniam angustatam integram aut dentatam desinen-
tibus, sterilibus dentato-serratis ; rhachi scabra.

Prteris scaberula, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. 1, p. 82, t. 11; A. Cunn. in Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 365.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in open dry woods.

Rootstock elongated underground. Stipe from 12 to 15 inches long,
half round, with a single furrow in front, of a chestnut-brown colour,
together with the rhachis scabrous, and sparsely hirsute with slender
articulated hairs. Fronds broad-lanceolate, acuminate, strictly tripin-
nate, coriaceous, from 15 to 20 inches long: divisions alternate, the
sterile segments obtusely serrate; while in the fertile ones there are

only a few serratures towards their points. The immersed veins,
are either simple or forked.

§ 2. ORINTHOPTERIS, Agardh.
«x Frondes decomposite et coriacexe.

+ Segmentis distantibus, cum lobulo interposito.
17. PrERIs ESCULENTA, Forst.

P. stipite angulato hine canaliculato; frondibus rigidis tripinnatis ;
pinnis pinnulisque triangulari-oblongis pinnatisectis, laciniis linea-
ribus obtusis distantibus decurrentibus cum lobulo interposito margine
revolutis crenatis subtus pubescentibus, terminali elongata, sinu trian-
gulari; rhachi cum costa levi basi nodoso-articulata; mdusio mem-
branaceo subreplicato.

30

118 FILICES.

Pteris esculenta, Forst. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 401; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.
p. 154; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 45.

Has. Hills around the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Hunter’s
River and Port Jackson, New South Wales. Feejee Islands.

Stipes angular and somewhat channeled in front. Fronds rigid,
spreading and tripinnate. Both the pinnce and pinnules are triangular-
oblong, and pinnatisect. The segments are linear, with an obtuse point,
and distant, decurrent on the rhachis, with an intermediate lobule, the
margin reflected and crenate, the under surface furnished with a short
pubescence, the terminal segment considerably the longest; the sinus
triangular. Rhachis and costa quite smooth, nodose and articulated at
base. Indusium smooth, membranaceous, somewhat replicate.

In this species a very considerable difference occurs in the length of
the segments and their relative proximity to each other, in specimens
from the three countries named. In our New Zealand plant the
segments are usually somewhat over an inch in length, and from 3 to
6 lines apart; while the Australian form holds an intermediate position,
in this particular, between the former and the Feejee plant; the latter
agreeing with Agardh’s description. In all, the decurrent crescent-
shaped lobule between the segments is present, and the dark brown,
nodose, apparent articulations at the junction of the rhachis and costa
with each other.

By some oversight in collecting, our specimens from New Zealand
are not a fair sample of this most common of all Ferns in that
country, where its underground rhizoma, even now, but in a less
degree than when Captain Cook visited these islands, is used by the
natives as an article of food.

18. PTrERIS ARACHNOIDEA, Kauwlf.
Pteris arachnoidea, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 190; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 46.
Has. Organ Mountains, and vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

We can perceive no essential difference between this and P. escu-
lenta of Forster, save in its more divaricate pinne and their broader
segments.

POLYPODIACE &. 119

19. PrERis SEMIHASTATA, Wallich.

Pteris semihastata, Wallich, ex Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 48.
Has. Singapore: in open situations.

This seems to hold an intermediate position between the P. escu-
lenta of Forster and P. aquilina of Linneus; differing from the
former in the almost total absence of the lobule between the segments,
which are much shorter, and villous on the under surface. In the
latter particular, as also in the habit and form of the divisions of the
frond, it approaches very nearly indeed to states of P. aquilina; from
which it appears to differ only in the decurrent and semiauriculate
tendency of the base of its segments,

tt Segmentis absque lobulo interposito.
20. Preris AQUILINA, Linn.

Pteris aquitina, Linn.; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 402; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 49;
Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 268.

Var. 8. frondibus subtus plus minusve tomentosis.

Pteris decomposita, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 898; Agardh, Gen. Pterid. p. 53.
P. lanuginosa, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 405.

Has. Island of Madeira. Vicinity of Cape Town, Cape of Good
Hope. Var. 2. Northwest Coast of America, from Puget Sound,
Oregon, to San Francisco, California. Sandwich Islands; as high as
8,000 feet above the level of the ocean.

The P. decomposita of Gaudichaud, as characterized by him and
retained by Agardh as a species, we cannot regard as anythig more
than a mere variety of P. aqguilina, with fronds more or less tomen-
tose on the under surface, and varying in this respect in proportion
to the elevation at which the specimens were obtained; as those

120 FILICES.

found as high as 8,000 feet are densely tomentose beneath; while
others, collected on flat lands near the coast, are almost entirely
destitute of hairs, and, as would naturally be expected, more luxu-
riant in growth, with broader pinnules and segments than in the
mountain form. The former agrees with the state found in Oregon
and California, which also varies in the more or less tomentose nature
of its fronds. Kaulfuss refers the Californian plant to P. lanuginosa of
Bory and Willdenow: if he is correct in so doing, then the P. lanu-
ginosa of Bory is not specifically distinct from the P. aquilina.

43. ONYCHIUM, Kazlf.
(Leprosteaia, D. Don. ALLosori Spec. Presl.)

This genus is distinguished from Pteris “by the fertile segments
being so narrow that the two sori are confluent, the free margins of
the two indusia conniving over the midrib, at length opening as it
were by a longitudinal suture;” the habit of the few species com-
posing it being also distinct.

1. Onycuium DENsuM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 13.)

O. cespitosum; stipite semitereti hine sulcato; fronde 3—-4-pinnata
glabra ; pinnis pinnulisque confertis linearibus acutis subpetiolatis,

Has. Oregon; on the banks of Rogue’s River; rare.

Plant tufted, from 8 to 9 inches high, with smooth, brown, glossy
stipes, about a span long, and a little thicker than a quill from a
sparrow’s wing, nearly round, with a single shallow groove in front.
Fronds about 2 inches long, ovate in outline, smooth, quadripinnate
at the base and tripinnate towards the point; primary and secondary
divisions alternate and seated on a very short petiole, decurrent on
the rhachis. Pinnules crowded, of a pale straw colour, varying from
3 to 5 lines in length, less than a line in breadth, linear, with a
stiff acute point and a cuneate base, the margin slightly revolute and
partially crenate. Indusium of a rather firm texture; its margin a

POLYPODIACESA. 121

little ragged; the opposite edges, in a dry state, approaching so close
as almost to conceal the costa and the axillary sporangia.

Detected by us only in the above locality, during a hurried journey
made through that country in the autumn of 1841. In habit the

plant bears a close resemblance to the Allosorus acrostichoides.

PiatE 13.—Fig. 2. Entire plant, of the natural size. 2a. Section

of a pinnule. 206. Sporangia. 2c. Sporules.—The details are mag-
nified.

44, LOMARIA, Willd.
(STEGANIA, R. Br.)
* Frondes pinnate vel profunde pinnatifidee.
1. Lomarta piscotor, Willd.

Lomaria discolor, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 293; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 87; A.
Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 363.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in woods;
frequent. Illawarra, New South Wales.

A handsome and well-marked species, and, judging from our speci-
mens, very constant in its character. In habit it very much resembles
many species of Nephrolepis.

2. LOMARIA LANCEOLATA, A. Cunn.

Lomaria lanceolata, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 3638.

Stegania lanceolata, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 152; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol.
p- 68.

Has. Wangarara Bay, New Zealand: in woods.

The sterile fronds are pinnatifid; the fertile ones pinnate, about
31

122 FILICES.

equal in length, 6 to 8 inches. The species appears to be rare, as we
only found it in the locality above mentioned.

3. LoMARIA MELANOCAULON, Sp. Nov.

L. stipite levi atro; frondibus ovato-oblongis acwminatis glabris basi
pinnatis apicem versus profunde pinnatifidis ; pinnis sterilium oblongo-
lanceolatis acuminatis subfalcatis margine punctatis apice crenatis
basi hine auriculatis decurrentibus, terminali longiore, fertilium linea-
ribus mucronatis ; indusio lacero.

Has. Mount Maijaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stipes 8 inches long, smooth and black. Fronds of both kinds about
equal, and the same length as the stipe, ovate-oblong, smooth, acuminate,
pinnate at the base, towards the point deeply pinnatifid. Pinne of
the sterile ones 2 inches and upwards in length, oblong-lanceolate, about
7 lines broad, tapering into a short acuminate point, with a short and
broad, rounded, decurrent wing at base, the terminal one the longest,
the margin punctate, the apex crenate, the inferior base auriculate and
decurrent: fertile pinne linear, mucronate. Indusium mucronate.

Related to L. punctata of Blume; but differing in its fronds being
rounder at the base and in the absence there of minute obtuse pinne;
also in the greater breadth of its sterile pinne.

4. LOMARIA CORIACEA, Sp. Nov.

LL. stipite levi subtereti hinc sulcato; frondibus coriaceis glabris late
ovatis acuminatis pinnatis basi lobulis rotundis interpositis ; pinnis
stertlibus distantibus alternis adnatis lanceolato-linearibus acuminatis
margine punctatis bast hinc subauriculatis decurrentibus, fertilibus
elongato-linearibus obtusis ; venis immersis ; indusio lacero.

Has, Feejee Islands: in mountain forests; rare.

Stipe of the sterile frond a span long; that of the fertile a little

POLYPODIACES. 123

longer, firm, smooth, and nearly round, with a shallow groove in front, of
a dark brown colour at the base, upwards of a straw colour. Fronds

about a foot long, broad-ovate and pinnate, with from 6 to 8 small

obtuse lobules at base extending down to the stipe. Pinne coria-

ceous, from 12 to 14 in number, 5 inches and upwards in length, and

from 8 to 10 lines broad, lance-linear, acuminate, adnate; inferior base

subauriculate and decurrent; the margin a little thickened, beautifully

and regularly punctate. Fertile pinne long-linear, obtuse, with a

somewhat cartilaginous and lacerated indusiwm; the two lines of sori

becoming confluent. Veins immersed.

This species very closely approaches the ZL. elongata of Blume; but
his description is so short, that we cannot venture to refer our plant
to it.

5. LoMARIA SPICANT, Desv.

Lomaria spicant, Desv.; Presl. Tent. Pterid. p. 142.

Blechnum boreale, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 115; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 408; Hook. Fl. Bor.
Amer. 2, p. 2638.

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Straits of Juan de Fuca, Oregon: in
forests.

6. LomarIA ALPINA, Hook.

L. rhizomate repente; stipite levi nigricante parce paleaceo; frondibus
lineari-lanceolatis, sterilibus pinnatipartitis, pinnis alternis glabris
oblongis obtusis margine revolutis; fr. fertilibus pinnatis, pinnis ses-
silibus lineart-oblongis obtusis; rhachi antice sulcata paleacea, paleis
oblongis acutis ; vents perspicuis ; indusio membranaceo lacero.

Lomaria alpina, Hook. f, Fl. Antarc. p. 392, t. 150.
Stegania alpina, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 152.
Lomaria polypodioides, Gaud. in Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 399.

Has. Tierra del Fuego: in thickets of bushes and marshy grounds.

Whole plant about 10 inches high. ootstock long, blackish, creep-

124 FILICES.

ing, and about the thickness of a crowquill, with numerous brown
pubescent fibres. Stipe of the fertile frond about twice the length
of the sterile one, smooth, shining, and nearly round, of a blackish
colour, to within an inch of the lower pinn, then, together with the
rhachis brown and sparsely paleaceous. The two kinds of fronds
about equal in length, the sterile one the broadest.

Related to the preceding species; from which it differs in the longer
and creeping rootstock, the constantly much smaller and deeper divided
fronds, with shorter, more obtuse and crowded pinne, and the almost
entire absence of short lobes on the stipe, so peculiar to L. spicant ; as
well as in the consistence of its indusium.

7. LOMARIA ONOCLEOIDES, Spreng.

Lomaria onoeleoides, Spreng. ex Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 142.
Blechnum onocleoides, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 115; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 409.

Has. Organ Mountains, and vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Both kinds of fronds in this species are strictly lanceolate; the
sterile one coriaceous, deeply pinnatifid, and glabrous, with immersed,
forked, parallel veins; its pinne subfalcate, linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate; the margin beset above with raised dots. Fertile fronds pinnate,
with long-linear and distant pinnz, mucronate at the point.

8. LOMARIA DOODIOIDES, Sp. Nov.

L, stipite subtrigono brevi purpurascente levi; frondibus sterilibus rigidis
lanceolatis attenuatis pinnatipartitis ; pinnis confertis oblongo-lanceo-
latis falcatis obtusis margine reflexis crenato-dentatis; fr. fertilibus
lanceolatis pinnatis caudato-acuminatis basi attenuatis ; pinnis remotis
elongato-linearibus acutis ; indusio membranaceo.

Has. Sandal-wood Bay, Feejee Islands.
Stipe short, somewhat three-angled, smooth, and of a purplish colour,

Sterile fronds rigid, lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid. Pinne rather
crowded, of an oblong-lanceolate form, obtuse and falcate; inferior ones

POLYPODIACES. 125

nearly round, their margins refleced and crenate-dentate: fertile fronds
lanceolate and pinnate, the apex narrowed into a long tail-like point,
the base attenuated. Pinne distant, long-linear, and acute. Indusium
membranaceous.

The size and outline of the sterile fronds resemble very much those
of Doodia aspera of Robert Brown.

9. Lomarta NuDA, Labiill.

Lomaria nuda, Labill. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 289; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.
p- 153; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 142.

Has. New South Wales.

Stipes smooth, shining, and angular, having a few linear-attenuate
scales at the base, and, with the inferior half of the rhachis, black.

10. Lomarta PiLtosa, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 15.)

L. stipite semiterett punctis elevatis aspero bast squamigero; frondibus
rigidis deltoideo-ovatis acuminatis pinnatis ; sterilium pinnis adnatis
suboppositis oblongo-linearibus attenuatis margine revolutis undulatis
bast superne subauriculatis ; fertilium elongato-linearibus obtusis basi
superne lobato-auriculatis, venis prominentibus costisque subtus prlosis ;
indusio membranaceo lacero.

Has. Feejee Islands: in mountain forests; rare.

Stipe of a pale straw colour, from 10 to 12 inches long, half round,
with a shallow channel in front, and at the base having long, slender,
attenuate, dark brown scales, roughened with a number of short, hard,
raised points. Fronds pinnate, deltoid-ovate, acuminate, 16 to 18 inches
long, 10 to 12 inches broad at the base, of a lively green colour, rigid,
smooth on the upper surface, while beneath the veins are very promi-
nent, and with the costa pilose with weak, whitish, articulated hairs.
Inferior sterile pinne nearly opposite and deflexed; a little towards the

point alternate, approximate, and nearly horizontal; the fertile pinne
82

126 FILICES.

are more distant and ascending in their direction. Indusiwm membra-
naceous, lacerated.

Puate 15.—Fig. 1. 1. Sterile and fertile fronds, of the natural size.
la. Section of the stipe, at the base. 1. Section, showing the under
side of a sterile pinna. 1c. Section, showing the sporangia and re-
ceptacle. 1d. Scale from the base of the stipe. Le. Hairs from
veins on the under side.—The details magnified.

11. Lomarra Gituiesi, Hook. & Grev.
Lomaria Gilliesii, Hook. & Grev. Ie. Fil. t. 207; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 148.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.
Here we have a plant from a humid, densely wooded, mountainous

region of Brazil, agreeing precisely with the figure and description
of one from Mendoza.

12. Lomartra CurLensis, Kaulf.

Lomaria Chilensis, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 154; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 64, B.

Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Chili.

Plant large and of a very robust habit, growing in patches or
eroups, in valleys near the sea-coast, a few miles south of Valparaiso,
where it is to be met with in abundance.

13. LomArtA MAGELLANICA, Desvaux.

Lomaria Magellanicu, Desvaux, ex Hook. f. Fl. Antare. p. 393.
L. setigera, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 400.

Has. Vicinity of Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego.

This is undoubtedly the L. Magellanica of Desvaux, which Gaudi-

POLYPODIACES. 127

chaud with a doubt, refers as a synonyme to his L. setigera. The
species is a noble one; its rigid fronds arise from the crown of a short
thick trunk, forming altogether a sort of miniature tree, which inha-
bits the more sheltered declivities of the rugged bleak hills peculiar
to that country, and among thickets of Fagus antarctica and Drimys
Winterr.

14. Lomarra CAPENSIS, Willd.
Lomaria capensis, Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 291.
Has. Cape of Good Hope; at the base of Table Mountain.

The pinne of the sterile fronds are very much crowded, alternate,
sessile and lanceolate, attenuate, with a finely serrulate margin, semi-
cordate and clasping at the base; those of the fertile frond about an
inch apart, long-linear, with a paleaceous rhachis. Our specimens
are without stipes, and the fertile fronds are too young for us to detect
the crenate incised indusium described by Willdenow.

15. LomMARIA PROCERA, Spreng.

Lomaria procera, Spreng. ex A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 3863 (excel.
var.); Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 75.

Blechnum procerum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 115; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 415.

Stegania procera, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. p. 153; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol.
1832, p. 86, t. 13, excl. ster. frond.

Has. Marshes, in the vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests.

The figure in the Botany of the Voyage of the Astrolabe, cited
above, purporting to be the Stegania procera of R. Brown, appears very
evidently to be composed of two distinct species; the sterile frond
being that of P. discolor of Willdenow; the fertile clearly belonging to
the plant now under consideration. Hooker and Arnott, in the
Botany of Beechey’s Voyage, were correct, we think, in referring the
Tahiti plant hither.

128 FILICES

x * Frondes bipinnate.

16. LomariA Fraseri, A. Cunn.

Lomaria Fraseri, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 364; Hook. Ic. Pl. 2,
t. 185 (opt. quoad frondes).

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in wet, shady
forests.

The trunk or stock of our plant is erect and simple (not scandent,
as stated by Allan Cunningham), from 18 inches to 3 feet in height, by
half an inch to an inch in diameter, its surface closely covered with
the persistent imbricated bases of the old squamose stipes, while its
interior is firm and woody : it is crowned with from 4 to 12 fronds
which vary from 12 to 18 inches in length. During our botanical
excursions in the vicinity of the Bay of Islands, this Fern was found
growing in almost all the wet, shady forests we entered, and was gene-
rally called by our party, the “miniature tree Fern.” It was not
noted at the time, nor do we remember ever having seen a plant of it
inclining to climb, or even to lean towards any object for support; but
the trunk is usually solitary and erect.

45. BLECHNUM, Linn.
* Frondes integerrime.
1. BLECHNUM LANCEOLATUM, faddt.

Blechnum lanceolatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 52, t. 60, f.3; Gaud. Bot. Freyc.
Voy. p. 894.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro: on moist rocks and trees;
frequent.

In this the fronds are not always strictly entire and linear-lanceo-

POLYPODIACEA. 129

late; as we have frequently seen them in a state of cultivation, bearing
a short segment or lobe on each side of the costa, near the base; a
circumstance which induces us to believe, that the B. trifoliatum of
Kaulfuss is only a mere form of the present species. Farther, the
minute tubercles described by him as existing on the stipe of B. tri-
Joliatum, are also present in our B. lanceolatum, thereby strengthening
our belief of the unity of what has heretofore been considered two
distinct species.

* x Frondes pinnate.
2. BLECHNUM OCCIDENTALE, Linn.

Blechnum occidentale, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 118; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 412;
Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 895; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 54, B.

Has. Environs of Rio Janeiro, Brazil; of very frequent occurrence.

3. BLECHNUM GLANDULOSUM, Kaulf. ?
Blechnum glandulosum? Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 161.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Our specimens of this are young, but they agree in a great measure
with the character of the species. Gaudichaud, with a doubt, refers
this to the B. occidentale of Swartz; but we incline to consider the two
as distinct.

4, BLECHNUM GRACILE, Kaul/.

Blechnum gracile, Kaulf. Euum. Fil. p. 158.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

5. BLECHNUM AUSTRALE, Linn.

Blechnum australe, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 114; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 410.
33

130 FILICES.

Has. Cape of Good Hope: abundant at the base of Table Moun-
tain.

In this the fertile pinne are considerably contracted, with the lines
of sori very close to the margin; so that it might be taken for a species
of Lomaria.

6. Brecunum uastatum, Kaul/.
Blechnum hastatum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 161; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 52.
Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Chili.

Stipes (in a dry state) angular, from 8 to 10 inches long, with
numerous slender brown scales at the base. Fronds erect, from 12 to
®0 inches in length, pinnate. Pinne oblong-lanceolate, cordate and
hastate at the base; the fertile linear-lanceolate and auriculate ; inferior
ones short and distant, with a few scattered and weak brown hairs on
the under surface. Line of sori distant from the costa, and interrupted
in the inferior pinne.

7. BLECHNUM CARTILAGINEUM, Sw.

Blechnum cartilagineum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 114 & 312; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 411;
R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. p. 152; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 103.

Has. Lower Hunter's River, and in the vicinity of Port Jackson,
New South Wales.

A very handsome and well-marked species. Fronds rigid, from 12
to 18 inches long, elongated-lanceolate, slightly acuminate, pinnate at
the base, towards the point deeply pinnatifid. Pinne alternate, sub-
falcate, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, spinulose-serrate, with the base
adnate and dilated; inferior ones remote, while towards the point they
become confluent, giving to the winged costa there a zigzag appear-
ance. Stipe 10 to 12 inches in length, angular; the lower half
squamose and scabrous; the raised points and scales black. Lines of

POLYPODIACES. | 131

sori close to the costa, continuous. Sporangia of the two opposite
sori becoming confluent and concealing the costa. Margin of the
indusium lacerated.

8. Biecunum virratum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 16.)

B, stipite levi semitereti basi paleaceo-crinito ; frondibus membranaceis
glabris oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis alternis, sterilibus lineari-
lanceolatis attenuatis serrulatis basi dilatatis, fertilibus contractis lan-
ceolato-linearibus acutis basi dilatatis; venis simplicibus vel furcatis
parallelis; soris coste approximatis continuis; indusio cartilagineo
integerrimo.

Has. Feejee Islands: in wet lands.

Both kinds of fronds about equal in height. Stipe 15 inches in
length, thickly beset with long, slender, black scales at the base, semi-
terete, smooth, with a shallow groove in front, of a chestnut-brown
colour and beautifully striped with black, the stripes continuing
several inches up the rhachis. Fronds membranaceous, glabrous oblong-
lanceolate, 18 inches to 2 feet long, pinnate. Pinnee alternate and
spreading; in the sterile fronds linear-lanceolate ; the lower ones dis-
tant and sessile, while towards the point they are adnate and approxi-
mate ; in the fertile ones, they are more distant, long-linear, acute, and
becoming broader where the sori cease, which is generally about an
inch from the point; the base usually dilated. Rhachis naked, with
a raised furrowed bar infront. Veins divaricating and parallel, usually
symple, but sometimes forking close to the costa. Sori close to the costa,
and furnished with a narrow plane, cartilaginous, entire indusium.

Puiate 16.—Fig. 1. 1. Sterile and fertile fronds, one-half their
natural size. 1a. Section of a sterile frond, of the natural size. 1 6b.
Section of the fertile frond, of the natural size. 1c. Section of a stipe,
showing the stripes, of the natural size. 1d. Section of a pinna,
showing sporangia and receptacle. 1. Scales from base of the stipe.
1 f/f. Sporangia.—The details more or less magnified.

132 FILICES.

9, BLecuNum BRASILIENSE, Desv.

Blechnum Brasiliense, Desv. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 159.
B. Corcovadense, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 54, t. 61, bis.
B. Fluminensis, Velloz. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 106.

Has. Botofogo, near Rio Janeiro, and also in the Organ Moun-

tains, Brazil: in marshes and on the moist banks of streams; fre-
quent.

10. BLECHNUM ORIENTALE, Linn.

Blechnum orientale, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 114; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, 414; Blume, Enum.

Plant. Jay. p. 197; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 396; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech.
Voy. p. 75.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee and Samoan Islands.

On the island of Tahiti, this species is met with in great abundance
in marshy grounds near the coast, usually in company with Acros-
tichum aureum, Linn. The fronds are pinnate, smooth on both sides,
and glossy on the upper surface, varying in height from 13 to 2 feet
and upwards, according to local cireumstances. Pinne approximate,
alternate, sessile, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, entire; the base oblique
and rounded, with a few short obtuse lobes on the stipe; the latter

nearly round, and furnished at the base with long, narrow, chaffy
scales. Sori close to the costa.

11. BLecunum cALOPHYLLUM, Langsd. & Fisch.

Blechnum calophyllum, Langsd. & Fisch. Ie. Fil. t. 23; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 415.
B. stagninum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 54, t. 62.

Has. Trexal, at the base of Organ Mountains; and also in the

vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil: in marshes and along the margins of
streams.

POLYPODIACES®, 133

x x » Frondes bipinnate.
12. Buecunum FonTaNEsIANUM, Gaud.

Blechnum Fontanesianum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 397, t. 15.
Sadleria cyatheoides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 162; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p- 107. :

Has. Sandwich Islands: frequent.

Plant arborescent in form, having a very stout trunk, attaining
sometimes to the height of 2 feet; the petioles of the old fronds
remaining attached to its sides. The soft portion of its interior is
sometimes roasted and eaten by the natives ‘as food.

For a correct miniature outline of the whole plant, see Narrative of
the Expedition, Vol. IV. p. 231.

13. BLECHNUM PALLIDUM.

B. stipite angulato scabrido paleaceo; frondibus bipinnatis; pinnis
sessilibus alternis adscendentibus lineari-lanceolatis apice acuminato
profunde serratis basi subauriculatis ; pinnulis approximatis coriaceis
oblongo-linearibus leviter falcatis obtusis nervosis margine revolutis
dentatis ; rhachi paleacea ; indusio coriaceo fusco integerrimo.

Sadleria pallida, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 75 & 107.
Has. Sandwich Islands.

Rootstock short, erect. Stipe 14 to 2 feet in length, about the
thickness of the little finger, angular, with a shallow groove in front,
paleaceous, roughish to the touch; pales of a light straw colour, long-
linear, attenuate. Fronds bipinnate, about the same length as the
stipe, lance-oblong, with slightly incurved linear-lanceolate ascending
pinne, from 6 to 8 inches in length, pinnate at the base, and terminated
by a deep and coarsely serrate point. Pinnules approximate, coriaceous,

34

134 FILICES.

8 to 10 lines long, 2 to 22 lines broad, oblong-linear, somewhat falcate
and obtuse, the base a little dilated, the anargin recurved (in a dry
state), toward the point dentate; the veins on both sides conspicuously
evident, usually forked between the sporangiferous receptacle and
margin, and, together with the base of the sinus of that portion of the
pinne that 1s pinnatifid, translucent when held up between the eye
and the light. Rhachis chaffy, with long, narrow, straw-coloured
palece. Sori-close to the costa, becoming confluent :and concealing the
latter, and continuing outwards to within a line’s breadth of the point.
Tndusium coriaceous, fuscous, entire.

This is distinguished from B, Fontanesianwm by its broader pinne,
more approximate and broader, obtuse, neryose pinnules, the palea-
ceous rhachis, and paler indusium.

s

14, BuECHNUM POLYSTICHOIDES, Sp. Nov.

_B. ceespitosum ; stipitibus hine sulcatis paleaceis asperis ; frondibus sub-
coriaceis glabris bipinnatis; pinnis alternis sessilibus divaricatis
-oblongo-lanceolatis basi pinnatis apice lobato-crenatis ; pinnulis trian-
gulari-ovatis obtusis margine revolutis-crenatis ; rhachi costaque crebre
paleaceis; venis immersis furcatis; indusio cartilagineo lacero.

Max. Sandwich Islands: along the margins of streams; rare.

Stipes tufted, 6 to 8 inches long (in a dry -state angular), with a
shallow groove in front, of a reddish-brown colour, asperous, and
together with the rhachis and costa densely paleaceous; the pale
broad at the base, linear, attenuate,.and of the .same.colour as the
stipe. Fronds subcoriaceous, glabrous, from 8 +o 12 inches in length,
oblong-lanceolate .and slightly acuminate, bipinnate, the point simply
pinnate. Pinne alternate and sessile, oblong-lanceolate, spreading,
the base pinnate, the apices lobate-crenate. Pinnules (in a dry state)
wrinkled on the upper-surface, 3 lines long, and about 23 lines broad,
triangular-ovate, the margin .reowrved and .erenate, with .sunken forked
veins. Sori distant from the costa, and extending outwards from the
base about two-thirds of the whole length of the pinnules. Indusium

POLYPODIACES. 135

dark brown and cartilaginous, its margin slightly dacerated ; the spo-
rangia in an advanced state covering the not very evident costa.

This is very distinct from either of the two preceding species, in
the smaller size of the fronds, the shorter and broader pinnules, and
the asperous and densely paleaceous reddish stipe and rhachis. May
it not be the B. squarrosum? figured in the Voyage of the Bonite,
which we have never had an opportunity to examine. The whole
plant partakes a.good deal of the habit of many species of Polystichum
of Roth.

46. DICLIDOPTERIS, Nov. Gen.

Vene simplicissime, rectee, libere, intramarginales, nem pe unica inter
costam subius prominentem et margines frondis angusto-linearis cequi-
distans, receptaculum. sporangiferum continuum efficiens, indusium an-
gusto-lineare homogeneum (texture frondis) planum, margine libero
costam respiciente, gerens. Sporangia pedicellata. Sporule triangu-
Lares.

d. DIcLIDOPTERIs ANGUSTISSIMA, (Tab. 17.)

Has. Samoan and .Feejee Islands: on trunks of trees -in ‘humid
forests.

Rootstock short, creeping. Fronds numerous, tufted, membra-
naceous, entire, linear, acute, from 3 to 6 inches long and about a
line broad.: costa on the under side prominent: veins scarcely evident,
a single one starting off from the costa each side, near the base of the
frond, and continuing for nearly its whole length, equidistant between
the costa and margin. .Occasionally this vein is wanting on one side;
consequently such a frond has only one linear simple sorus. Sporangia
becoming confluent and concealing the costa.

This has the habit of Monogramma of Schkuhr, a genus which has
no lateral veins nor indusium. But its nearest affinity is to Blechnum,

136 FILICES

from which it differs in habit, venation, and the thick, seareely
altered indusium; the fronds being so narrow that the sporangia of
the two sori become confluent; in this particular resembling @
single segment of Onychium, where the veins are combined by a trans-
verse sporangiferous receptacle, as in Blechnum.—The name of the
genus is compounded of sxc, two-valved, and xrepis, fern; alluding to
the apparently bivalvular indusium.

Prats 17.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. Portion of a
frond, showing the sori. 10, Similar portion, with the indusium
removed on one side. 1c. Cross section of a sterile frond. 1d. Cross
section of a fertile frond, showing the position of the sposangiflerous
receptacle. le. A similar section, showing a single receptacle only
on one side of the costa. 1f,/- Sporangia. ly. Sporules—The
details magnified.

47, SALPICHLANA, J. Sm.
(BiEcHni Spec. Kaulf.)

This is distinguished from Blechnum by its climbing habit, and by
the venules being combined with an intramarginal vein, and by a
vaulted indusium, “bearing a portion of the sporangia along its
lengthened attachment at the base.”

J. SALPICHLANA VOLUBILE, J. Sm.

Salpichlena volubile, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 168; Hook. Gen. Fil. t, 93.
Blechnum volubile, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 159.

Has. In thickets, on the banks of the Rio Paibana, Brazil.

As belonging to the present tribe, this is indeed a very interesting
and singular Fern; having bipinnate, scandent, flexuose fronds, which
climb among and over bushes and low trees by means of the reflexed
petioles of the pinns: these, in all instances that we have seen, are

POLYPODIACE4. 137

impari-pinnate. The pinnules, of from 4 to 7 pairs with an odd one,
are linear-lanceolate, acuminate, from 6 to 10 inches long and from 8
lines to an inch broad; the margin entire, slightly undulate and
revolute; the petiole of the terminal one about an inch long; of the
lateral ones about half that length. Stipe and rhachis smooth and
firm, nearly round, with a narrow channel in front. Sori close to
and parallel with the costa, having a broad and vaulted indusium, of
a dark brown colour. We never found the fronds to ascend bushes
and trees so high as to make it impracticable, when standing on the
ground, to obtain perfect fertile specimens.

48, DOODIA, R&R. Br, FJ. Sn.

Although this genus agrees in habit with Blechnum, yet it differs
* from that genus by the interrupted sori; and from Wordwardia by
its less immersed sporangia, plane indusium, and more elevated vena-
tion on the under side.

1. Doopra ASPERA, 2. Br.

Doodia aspera, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 151; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrolab.
p- 76; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag. 2, p. 364.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson, New South Wales. Bay of
Islands, New Zealand. °

The sori of the New Zealand plant occupy only a single row;
while in that from New South Wales, they are frequently in two
rows on each side of the costa, the result of a second anastomosis of
the venules. In other respects the two plants are similar.

2. DooprA KunTHIANA, Gaud.

Doodia Kunthiana, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 401, t. 14; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 74 & 107; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 865; Hook.

Gen. Fil. t. 54, A,-f. 1-5.
35

138 FILICES.
Var. 8. pinnis remotis ; soris fere biserialibus.

Haz. Sandwich Islands; frequent. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands,
New Zealand. (. Feejee Islands.

In the Feejee plant, the pinne are remote, and sometimes an inch
or 13 inches apart, with a nearly double series of sori, which, in a few
instances, also occurs in some of the New Zealand specimens; but
those from the latter country and the Sandwich Islands, in all other
essential particulars, correspond with the figure and description of
Gaudichaud.

49. WOODWARDIA, Sm.
1. WoopwWARDIA RADICANS, Sw.
Woodwardia radicans, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 117; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 418.

Has. Island of Madeira.

9. WoopWARDIA CHAMISSOI.

W. stipite hine canaliculato basi paleaceo ; frondibus erectis rigidis coria-
ceis pinnatis ; pinnis sessilibus subalternis patentibus pinnatipartitis,
laciniis lanceolatis acuminatis subrepandis spinuloso-serratis, sinubus
rotundatis.

Woodwardia radicans, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 163, ex parte; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 162, non Sw.

Has. Monterey and San Francisco; also in mountains, on the
upper waters of the Sacramento River, California.

Stipe about a foot long, round, with a single groove in front, and
scattered raised points on its surface, clothed with long brown palece
at the base. Fronds erect, 2 to 8 feet long, in circumscription oblong-
lanceolate, rigid, coriaceous, pinnate, the point deeply pinnatifid, the

POLYPODIACEA. 139

under surface of a paler colour than the upper. Pinna sessile,
spreading, subalternate, and deeply pinnatifid ; the inferior 3 to 4 pairs
distant. Segments lanceolate, partially acuminate, faleate, with a
spinulose-serrate, somewhat repand margin, the lower and inferior one
adnate to the rhachis; the latter in a young state paleaceous-hirsute.
Sinus usually about as wide as the breadth of the segments, and
rounded at the base. Veins of a pale colour, transparent, and not
anastomosing more than twice; the venules towards the margin
parallel and free.

This has been referred by Kaulfuss to the Woodwardia radicans of
Swartz, in which he is followed by Hooker and Arnott, in the Botany
of Beechey’s Voyage; while we cannot but consider the Californian
plant as a distinct species, on account of the erect fronds, the total
absence of any proliferous bud on the rhachis, the more falcate seg-
ments, with a wide sinus, rounded at the base, and the pale veins,
which are not so compoundly reticulated.

Trine IV. ASPLENIEA, J. Su.

Tuis tribe Mr. J. Smith has divided into two sections; the first
embracing those genera having a forked or pinnate free venation; the
second, such as possess pinnate or forked veins, with the venules
variously anastomosing or reticulated.

50. DIPLAZIUM, Sw.
* Frondes indivise.
1. DiPLAZIUM PLANTAGINEUM, Sw.
Diplazium plantagineum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 91, t. 2, f. 4; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 351;

Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 322.
D. acuminatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 41, t. 57, f. 2.

140 FILICES.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The plant is tufted, and has a smooth, slender, and slightly angular
stipe, sulcate in front, from 8 to 10 inches long, with a few short and
blackish scales at the base. Fronds simple, smooth on both sides,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate ; the margin at the base crenate, towards
the point eerrate.

x * Frondes pinnate.
2, DIPLAZIUM PROLIFERUM, Sp. Nov.

D. ceespitosum ; stipitibus semiterctibus hine sulcatis pubescentibus ; fron-
dibus membranaceis glabris elongato-lanceolatis pinnatis ; pinnis alternis
horizontalibus oblongo-lanceolatis obtuse serratis basi truncato-auricu-
latis, inferioribus petiolatis, summis confluentibus; rhachi prolifera
cum costa pubescente ; indusirs membranaceis angustis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: i mountain forests; rare.

Stipes 8 to 10 inches long, rather slender, semiterete, sulcate in front,
slightly pubescent. Fronds smooth on both sides, membranaceous, of an
elongated lanceolate form, and pinnate. Pinne alternate, about 2 inches
long and 6 to 8 lines broad, oblong-lanceolate, and sometimes slightly
acuminate, the margin Oluntly serrate, the base truncate, the superior
angle partially awriculate ; inferior ones seated on a short petiole, while
towards the point they become sessile and confluent. Rhachis and
costa covered with a short brown pubescence ; the former producing a
proliferous scaly bud, within two inches of the point of the frond.
The venules on the upper surface along the margin of the pinne are
elevated and pale, and appear as if beset with appressed hairs. Jndu-
sium membranaceous, narrow, and only double on the lower and exte-
rior venules.

The claim of this to rank as a Diplazium rests entirely on the
lower and exterior venules bearing double sori; the other veinlets
producing only a single sorus, as in Asplenvwm. ;

POLYPODIACES. 141

3. DipLAzium BULBIFERUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 18.)

D. rhizomate brevi repente; stipitibus angulatis hinc sulcatis glabris bast
paleacers; frondibus subcoriaceis ovato-oblongis acuminatis pinnatis ;
pinnis petiolatis apicem versus confluentibus alternis adscendentibus
elongato-lanceolatis inciso-lobatis acuminatis basi obliquis cuneatis,
lobis subrotundis dentatis; rhachi prolifera; soris plurimis; industis
membranaceis linearibus integerrimis.

Has. Feejee Islands: in the vicinity of Sandalwood Bay.

Rootstock short, black, and creeping. Stipes a foot long, about the
thickness of a crowquill, smooth and angular, with a shallow furrow
in front, chaffy at the base with a number of long and slender black
scales. Fronds a little longer than the stipes, subcoriaceous, ovate-
oblong, acuminate, and pinnate. Pinne at the base rather distant and
petiolate, becoming confluent towards the apex, smooth on both sides,
the upper surface of a dark green colour and shining, from 3 to 4
inches long, and about 6 lines broad, contracting into a sharply ser-
rate point; the rhachis producing in the axils of the upper pinne one
or two proliferous buds, at a distance of 3 or 4 inches below the point.
Indusium linear, entire, membranaceous, only binate or double on the
lower and exterior venules.

The nearest relationship of this species appears to be with D. alterni-
folium of Blume; whose description is too short for us to say how far
the two plants really differ.

Puate 18.—Fig. 1. Frond, of the natural size. 1a. Cross section of
the stipe. 140. Scale from the base of the stipe. lc. Section of a
pinna, showing a binate indusium. 1d. Sporangium.—The details
more or less magnified.

x x * Frondes pinnate, pinnis pinnatifidis.
4, DipLazium coneruum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 18.)

D. stipitibus semiteretibus hine sulcatis paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus mem-
86

142 FILICES.

branaceis glabris oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis pinnatis; pinnis ses-
silibus alternis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis pinnatifidirs, laciniis
oblongis obtusis crenatis ; rhachi costa venisque paleaceo-hirsutis ; soris
obliquis ; indusio membranaceo.

Has. Samoan and Feejee Islands: in moist forest lands.

Stipes slender, from 10 to 12 inches long, half round, with 2 to 3
shallow furrows in front, and hirsute (in a recent state) with slender,
shrivelled, reticulated palew. Fronds oblong-lanceolate in circumscrip-
tion, pinnate, with an acuminate, pinnatifid point, its consistency tend-
ing to membranaceous. Pinne at the base of frond rather distant,
sessile and alternate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid,
their points entire or serrate. Segments oblong, obtuse, subfalcate,
crenate; the sinus rounded at base. hachis, costa, and veins, with
brown, chaffy, hirsute scales. Sori short, oblique, and crowded. Jndu-
sium membranaceous, brown, usually simple, only binate on the lower
and exterior venules.

This species is evidently related to D. tomentosum of Blume;
judging from his description.

Pate 18.—Fig. 2. Frond, of the natural size. 2a. Cross section of
the stipe. 20. Scale from the stipe. 2. Section of a pinna, showing
a binate indusium. 2d. Sporangia——The details more or less mag-
nified.

5. Diptazrom SHEPHERDI, Presi.

Diplazium Shepherdi, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 114.
Asplenium ambiguum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 38, t. o4.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Raddi’s figure of Aspleniwm ambiguwm is a good outline represen-
tation of our plant: his placing the species in Asplenium, shows
that he did not detect the binate sori on the lower and exterior
venules.

POLYPODIACESR 143

6. DrpLAzium FaLcatuM, Sp. Nov.

D. stipitibus angulatis hine sulcatis levibus ; frondibus glabris membra-
naceis bipinnatis; pinnis alternis divergentibus, inferioribus dis-
tantibus petiolatis pinnatis, summis sessilibus coadunatis profunde
pinnatifidis; pinnulis laciniisve oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongis obtusis
Jalcatis grosse serratis, serraturis dentatis; rhachi levi sulcata ; soris
elongatis decussatis ; indusio membranaceo,

Hag. Island of Tutuila, Samoan Group: in forests, near Pago-pago
Bay.

Fronds glabrous, membranaceous, rather lax in habit, 2 feet and up-
wards in length, from 12 to 14 inches broad, in circumscription ovate-
oblong-acuminate, smooth on both sides, bipinnate at the base; the in-
ferior divergent pinne, distant and petiolate, while towards the apex
they are sessile, and only deeply pinnatifid, becoming confluent in the
acuminated point. Pinnules or lobes one to 12 inches in length, oblong-
lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, the margin coarsely and deeply serrated, the
points of the serratures sharply toothed. Stipe and rhachis smooth,
angled, sulcate in front. Sori elongated, decussate. Indusiwm membra-
naceous.

Distinguished from the preceding species by its larger fronds, bipin-

nate at the base, and by the oblong-lanceolate, falcate, and coarsely
serrate pinnules.

a & x * Frondes bipinnate, pinnulis pinnatiyidis.
7. DIPLAZIUM ARBORESCENS, Sv.

Diplazium arborescens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 92; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 354; Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 74.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands; where
it abounds.

144 FILICES.

Willdenow’s description of this species is pretty full, and includes'
all the essential characteristics of our plant.

8. DIPLAZIUM MELANOCAULON, Sp. Nov.

D. stipitibus nigris levibus angulats ; frondibus glabris bipinnatis ;
pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis attenuatis ; pinnulis alternis sessilibus lan-
ceolatis acuminatis pinnatifidis bast truncato-cuneatis supra atro-
viridibus subtus pallidis, lacintis oblongis falcates subacutis serrulatis ;
rhachi communi flecuosa; soris brevibus decussatis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

Fronds large, 4 to 5 feet long, the divisions spreading, smooth on
both sides, of a much paler colour on the under than upper surface,
bipinnate. Pinne oblong-lanceolate, attenuating into a sharply serrate
point. Pinnules alternate and sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid ;
the base truncate-cuneate. Segments oblong, falcate, subacute, serrulate.
Stipes and rhachis smooth and angular, of a dull black colour; the
main rhachis flecuose. Sort short, decussate.

In habit and general aspect this very much resembles the D. arbo-
rescens of Swartz; but it is readily distinguished by its black, angular
stipe, its flexuose rhachis, and by the sharper and more attenuated
primary divisions of the fronds.

9, DreLazium ARNOTTII.

D. stipitibus levibus angulatis hinc sulcatis; frondibus glabris bipm-
natis; pinnulis subremotis patentibus lanceolatis acuminatis pinnati-
fidis, laciniis ovato-oblongis subfalcatis obtusis crenato-lobatis ; soris
plurimis obliquis ; indusio sepe binato,

Asplenium diplazioides, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 107.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent.

POLYPODIACES, 145

We have little doubt that this is the Asplenium diplazioides of the
authors of the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage. The species is a hand-
some one, with a habit much like that of D. arborescens of Swartz,
and the plant altogether is as large as that showy species. The lower
and exterior venule of the segments usually produces a binate indu-
sium.

10. DrpLazium speciosum, Sp. Nov.

D. frondibus magnis bipinnatis glabris supra nitidis ; pinnis oblongis
acuminatis; pinnulis alternis, inferioribus subpetiolatis, swperioribus
sessilibus confluentibus, omnibus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis lobato-
dentatis basi truncato-cuneatis, lobis lutis truncatis dentatis; rhachi
cum costa levi supra sulcata ; venulis oblique parallelis, infimis tantum
soros binatos gerentibus ; indusio angusto lineari lacero.

Has. Island of Savaii, Samoan Group.

Fronds bipinnate, 6 to 8 feet long, glabrous, shining above ; the divi-
sions rather distant and spreading, the primary ones terminated by a
long, narrow, acuminated point. Pinnules alternate, spreading at right
angles with the secondary rhachis; the lower ones on a short petiole ;
towards the point they become sessile and confluent; they are usually
3 inches long, by 8 lines broad, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the point
serrate, the margin lobate-dentate, with a somewhat truncate-cuneate
base; the lobes short, broad, and truncate. Rhachis and costa on the
posterior side smooth and rounded, while in front the former is fur-
nished with a double, the latter with only a single groove. Venvles
obliquely parallel : the lower opposite pair of each fascicle terminate in
the base of the narrow sinus, and bear on their sides binate sori; the
outer venules bear a simple sorus only. Jndusium narrowly linear,
lacerate on the margin.

This is a very handsome, and, so far as we can ascertain, an unde-
scribed species. Its nearest affinity is, we think, with the D. dila-

tatum of Blume.
37

146 FILICES.

51. ASPLENIUM, Linn. J. Sm.

(Canopreris, Berg. Danza, Willd. AcROPTERIS, Link. AtTuHyrium, Roth. AL-
LANTODIA, Sp. R. Br.)

The genus Darea of Jussieu and Willdenow ineludes a number of
species, the ultimate divisions or laciniz of whose fronds are so narrow
as to bear only one sorus; and Mr. Brown has already observed,
that it cannot with propriety be separated from Asplenium. In this
opinion he is followed by Mr. J. Smith, who retains Darea as a group
under Asplenium; and includes in another group the genus Athyrium
of Roth and species of Allantodia of Brown, whose principal dis-
tinction consists in their vaulted, short, cylindrical, sometimes curved
indusium. Presl retains Athyrium as a genus, including also under it
some species of Allantodia of Brown, and places it in Aspleniacee,
under his second section, Blechnacee, which, certainly, is not the most
natural association for it.

$1. ASPLENIUM verum, J. Sm.
* Frondes integre vel lobate.
1. ASPLENIUM CRENULATUM, Preset.

Asplenium crenulatum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 106.
A. Brasiliensis, Hort.
A. Nidus, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 34, t. 58, non Linn.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: epiphytic on trees.

In habit, size, and form of its fronds this has very much the ap-
pearance of A. Nidus of Linneeus, the Thamnopteris Nidus of this
work; but it is readily distinguished from that species by the margin
of the fronds being crenate and decurrent on a stipe of from 5 to 6
inches in length, at the same time, the points of the lines of sori
approach closer to the margin.

POLYPODIACES. 147

2. AsPLENIUM FEEsrENsis, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 19.)

A. frondibus stipitatis membranaceis glabris elongato-lanceolatis attenue
atis apice obtusis proliferis margine subrepandis ; stipite basi costaque
subtus squamosis ; venis furcatis ; indusio angusto-lineari integerrimo.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands: on trees and moist rocks.

Stipe angular, about a span Jong, squwamose at the base ; the costa
on the under side chaffy, with short, scattered, attenuate, reticulated
scales, their margin sometimes spinulose-dentate. Fronds 14 feet in
length and from 2% to 3 inches broad, smooth, membranaceous, and
somewhat flaccid, elongated-lanceolate, and narrowing gradually into
an obtuse proliferous point, the margin very slightly repand. Veins
usually forked, seldom simple; the venules slender, oblique, and
parallel. Sori rather distant, and almost invariably produced on the
upper half of the frond, the outer points of the lines of sori termina-
ting about the same distance from the margin as the inner point is
from the costa. Indusiwm narrowly linear, entire, and persistent.

This seems to be related to the A. squamulatum of Blume.

PuiaTe 19.—Fig. 1. Frond, of the natural size. la. Scale from
under side of the costa. 16. Sporangium.—Magnified.

3. ASPLENIUM AMBOINENSE, Willd. (Tab. 19.)

A. rhizomate repente; stipite brevi squamoso; frondibus coriaceis glabris
lanceolatis breviter acuminatis basi attenuatis in stipitem decurrentibus
marginibus subrevolutis, costa juxta apicem prolifera; venis obliquis
parallelis simplicibus rariusve furcatis; .soris approximatis; indusio
coriaceo integerrimo.

Asplenium Amboinense, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 303.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on rocks and trunks of trees, at an
altitude of 2,000 feet.

148 FILICES.

Rootstock creeping, about the thickness of a goosequill, and with the
short stipe closely covered with black, acuminate, finely reticulated
scales. Fronds scattered and erect, one to 2 feet long, by one to 2
inches broad, smooth, coriaceous, lanceolate, attenuated at the base;
while near the point on one side is a sinus, with a proliferous bud at
its base, arising from the side of the costa, beyond which the frond
terminates in a short tail-like acwmination, about half an inch in
length. Sori approximate, and commonly occupying only the upper
half of the frond, but sometimes continuing down to the base, the
sporangia becoming confluent. Jndusiwm coriaceous, entire.

Piate 19.—Fig. 2. Fronds, of the natural size. 2a. Section of
a frond, showing the proliferous bud at the point. 206. Section of a
frond, showing the indusium. 2c. Scale from the base of the stipe.
_ 2d. Sporangium. 2e. Sporules——The details more or less magnified.

4, ASPLENIUM PALMATUM, Lam.

Asplenium palmatum, Lam. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 75; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 306;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 166.

Has. Island of Madeira: in woods, near St. Anna.

This well-known and very beautiful Fern was found in great abun-
dance by us, in moist, shady places.

x * Frondes pinnate.
5. ASPLENIUM PULCHELLUM, Raddi.

Asplenium pulchellum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 37, t. 52, f.2; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 815.

Has. Estrella Pass, Organ Mountains, Brazil: terrestrial in humid
places.

This has a short and erect rootstock, bearing a tuft of pinnate
fronds, 3 to 4 inches high.

POLYPODIACEGS. 149

6. ASPLENIUM SEMICORDATUM, Raddi.

Asplenium semicordatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 36, t. 52, f. 1.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

All our specimens of this are very young, yet far enough advanced
to enable us to identify it as Raddi’s plant.

7. ASPLENIUM RESECTUM, Sin.

Asplenium resectum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 80; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 8322; Hook. & Grey.
Ic. Fil. t. 114; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 106.
A. inequilaterale, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5. p. 322.

Has. Feejee, Sandwich, and Society Islands: frequent.
The figure of this in the Icones Filicum is smaller than our speci-

mens from the Society and Sandwich Islands; otherwise, the outline
and general character of the species are well represented.

8, ASPLENIUM TENERUM, Sw.

Asplenium tenerum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 78 & 266; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 317; Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 74.

Has. Samoan Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands: frequent.

9, ASPLENIUM SALICIFOLIUM, Linn. ?

Asplenium salicifolium, Linn.? ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 818; Raddi, Plant. Brasil.
p- 30, t. 50.

Has. On the Corcovado, and Organ Mountains, Brazil: on wet

rocks, by margins of streams.
38

150 FILICES.

We are satisfied that this is the A. salicifoliwm of Raddi, but doubt
its being that of Linnezus. At least, the Lonchitis glabra major, t. 27,
of Plumier’s Pl. Amer. seems to be very distinct from that represented
by Raddi, who also quotes Plumier with a doubt, and by mistake cites
the wrong plate (17).

10. ASPLENIUM PAvoNICUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 20.)

A. ceespitosum ; stipite nigro nitente semitereti parce muricato ; Frondibus
oblongo-linearibus pinnatis ; pinnis subsessilibus membranaceis oblongis
obtusis crenato-serratis basi inferne truncato-cuneatis superne semi-au-
riculatis ; rhachi apice prolifera ; indusiis lineari-oblongis integerrums.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in shady, humid forests; rare.

Rootstock short and fibrous. Stipe half round, from 5 to 4 inches
long, black and shining, with two angles in front, and a few sparse,
short and hard, spinulose points on the surface. Fronds ccespitose, 8 to
10 inches in length, oblong-linear, in a young state attenuating towards
the point, truncate at the base, pinnate. Pinne subsessile, membra-
naceous, crowded, from 8 to 10 lines long and 4 lines broad, oblong,
obtuse, the superior and outer inferior half crenate-serrate, the base
unequal, the superior half truncate and auriculate, inferior one cuneate
and entire, the lower one or two pairs of pinne a little deflexed.
Rhachis proliferous at the apex. Sori from 6 to 9 on a pinna, with a
brown, plane, entire, linear-oblong indusium.

From A. tenerum, this is distinguished by the black and spinulose
stipe, and the narrower fronds, rooting at the apex, with fewer and
shorter sori.

Puate 20.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. 1a. Pinna, showing
the indusium. 14%. Sporangia.—The details magnified.

11. ASPLENIUM MARINUM, Linn.

Asplenium marinum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 67; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 318.

POLYPODIACES. 151

Has. Island of Madeira: on rocks and in caves, along the sea-
coast, near Porto Dolgada.

12. ASPLENIUM ANCEPS, Soland.,
Asplenium anceps, Soland. ex. Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 195.

Has. Pico Ruivo, island of Madeira.

13. AspLentum Menzriesu, Hook. & Grev.
Asplenium Menziesii, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 100. (opt.)

Has. Sandwich Islands: in forests, island of Hawaii; rare.

14, ASPLENIUM MONANTHEMUM, Sm. (Tab. 20.)
Asplenium monanthemum, Sm. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 80; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 322.

Has. Island of Madeira, near St. Anna: in woods. Sandwich
Islands, on Hast Maui: on the margin of a crater.

In many of our specimens, from both localities, a small scaly bulb
is present on the stipe, a short distance below the inferior pair of
pinne, from which spring one or two fronds: by a declination of the
stipe, these bulbs throw out roots into the ground, and a new plant
is thus formed. The plants from the two countries are in all respects
similar: that figured is from the Sandwich Islands.

Piate 20.—Fig. 2. Plant, of the natural size. 2a. A pinna; mag-
nified.
15. ASPLENIUM DENSUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 20.)

A. stipite brevi atro nitente ; frondibus erectis linearibus pinnatis ; pinnis
articulatis subsessilibus ovatis seu ovato-oblongis basi truncato-cuneatis ;

152 FILICES.

rhachi alato-marginata ; venis immersis furcatis; indusio lato mem-
branaceo lacero.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on Mouna Loa and Mouna Kea, island of
Hawaii; also Mouna Haleakala, Kast Maui: at an altitude of 8,000
to 10,000 feet. Obrajillo, Andes of Peru.

Plant tufted; the rootstock short and scaly, with many slender,
wiry, black, rootlets. Fronds erect, numerous, linear, from 3 inches
to a foot high, with ovate or ovate-oblong, coriaceous, crenate, and
nearly sessile pinne, articulated on a short petiole, and falling off at an
advanced age, having a denuded, asperous, winged rhachis, which,
together with the stipe, is black and shining; the latter varying from
one to 4 inches in length. . Veins immersed, so as not to be visible to
the naked eye, forking near the costa. Sori from 6 to 8 on a pinna.
Sporangia in an advanced state becoming confluent. ndusium broad,
membranaceous, lacerated.

This differs from the A. Trichomanes of Linneeus only in its winged
rhachis and fewer sori.

Pirate 20.—Fig. 3. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 3a.
Portion of the frond; magnified.

16. ASPLENIUM SIMILE, Blume ?
Asplenium simile, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. 2, p. 181?
Has. Mount Maijaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

This has a stipe 6 inches long, smooth and round, about the thick-
ness of a crowquill at the base. Fronds somewhat over a foot in
length, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate. Pinne alternate, petio-
late, coriaceous, glabrous, 32 inches long and 5 lines broad, elongated-
lanceolate, with a very long acuminate point; the base unequal and
cuneate; the margin sharply serrate. Rhachis semiterete, and some-
what angular in front. Costa prominent on the upper side. Sori
numerous, oblique and decussate.

POLYPODIACES. 153

Although we have affixed the mark of doubt, our plant corresponds
to Blume’s description : still, in the absence of a more detailed account,
or a figure of his plant, we cannot be perfectly assured.

17. ASPLENIUM PROTENSUM, Kaulf.
Asplenium protensum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 167.
Has. Sandwich Islands; on Oahu and Hawaii.

This species has a stipe of about 8 inches in length, smooth,
angular, and of a dark brown colour, with a broad and shallow channel
in front. Fronds 12 to 15 inches long, pinnate. Pinns 13 inches
distant, subalternate, petiolate, smooth, coriaceous, 3 or 4 inches long
and 95 or 6 lines broad, lanceolate and attenuate; the inferior ones
crenate ; the superior serrate ; the base unequal and cuneate, its upper
side frequently rounded: petiole compressed and decurrent on the
rhachis, its posterior side round, with a narrow channel in front. Sori
long, oblique and parallel; the pale entire indusium in an advanced
state becoming reflexed ; the sporangia then confluent.

18. AspLeniuM ENATUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 21.)

A, stipite levi angulato; frondibus glabris pinnatis; pinnis petiolatis
alternis distantibus membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis incequaliter ser-
ratis bast oblique cuneatis; rhachi costaque proliferis; soris obliquis
remotis ; indusio angusto-lineari integerrimo.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on the Kaala Mountains, Oahu.

Whole plant rather flaccid. Stipe 10 to 12 inches long, somewhat
angular, smooth. Fronds 1% feet long, smooth, simply pinnate. Pinne
alternate, on a short petiole, the lower ones distant, towards the apex
a little more approximate, membranaceous, 3 to 3% inches long, by 6
to 8 lines broad, oblong-lanceolate, bluntly and irregularly serrate; the
base unequal and cuneate, the superior half semitruncate. Point of the
rhachis and costa on the upper side proliferous. Sori distant, oblique,

39

154 FILICES.

and confined to the upper half of the frond. Indusium narrowly
linear, enture.

This is very distinct from the preceding species, in the membra-
naceous and serrate pinns, broader at the base, with a proliferous
costa and distant sori. Its affinity is perhaps closer to the following.

Puate 21.—Fig. 1. Frond, of the natural size. la. Section of a
pinna, showing the indusium. 16, 16. Sporangia.—The details
magnified.

19. ASPLENIUM OBLIQUUM, Forst.

Asplenium obliquum, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 78 & 268; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
315; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 72.
A. lucidum, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 78 & 269; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 815.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands,
New Zealand: in forests.

This we believe to be the most variable species belonging to the
present group of Asplenium. In the Sandwich Island plant the pinne
vary in form from rhomboid to nearly trapezoid, and are about 4
inches Jong and 2 inches broad; thence passing through a number of
intermediate forms to linear-lanceolate and attenuate, then 6 inches
long, by 6 lines broad: in many instances, the superior half of the base
is acutely auriculate. Some of these forms are quite membranaceous,
and the margin serrate only towards the point, the base usually un-
equal and cuneate. The fronds are from 18 inches to 4 feet long:
stipes about half that length, smooth, naked, rather stout for their
length, and sulcate in front, with a tuft of lanceolate, lacerated, reti-
culated scales at the base. Sori sometimes distant; but occasionally
an evident disposition is shown to produce double or binate sori, as in
Diplazium. The New Zealand plant agrees with Swartz and Willde-
now’s description of A. obliquum.

A. Richard has already united to this the A. lucidum of Forster,
and we believe correctly; as forms of the present species are to be
found which answer to the character of both.

POLYPODIACES. 155

20. ASPLENIUM SCLEROPRIUM, Montagne.
Asplenium scleroprium, Montagne, Crypt. Bot. Voy. Astrol. & Zelee, 1844, t. 1, f. D.

Has. Lord Auckland Islands.

The pinne of this are more crowded than in A. obliqguum, and of a
lanceolate, acuminate, subfalcate form, unequal and cuneate at the base,
with short sori and confluent sporangia. The margins of the pinne
in our specimens are not so regularly biserrate as represented in the
figure.

21. ASPLENIUM OBTUSATUM, Forst.

Asplenium obtusatum, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 78 & 267; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
317; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 150; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag.
2, p. 364; Montagne, Crypt. Bot. Voy. of the Astrol. & Zelee, 1844, t. 1, f. B.

Has. Lord Auckland Islands.

The A. apicedentatum of Montagne appears to be merely a variety
of the present species, differing from it only by a slight contraction
of the pinnee into an apiculate tooth.

22. ASPLENIUM DISTANS, Sp. Nov.

A. frondibus glabris membranaceis pinnatis ; pinnis divaricatis alternis
remotis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis serrulatis basi incequalibus cune-
atis; rhachi hine sulcata; venis simplicibus furcatisve divaricatis ;
soris approximatis confluentibus ; idusio lineart coriaceo integerrimo
TECUTLO.

Has. Island of Savaii, Samoan Group.

Stipe not preserved. Fronds large, smooth, membranaceous, and some-
what flaccid, simply pinnate. Pinne 6 inches long and 8 lines broad,
the inferior ones petiolate, towards the point sessile, rather remote,

156 FILICES.

alternate, divaricate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate and serrulate, the base
unequal and cuneate, the inferior half often slightly rounded. Lhachis
naked, sulcate on the upper side. Veins thickish, of a pale claret-
colour, mostly simple, but occasionally forking near the costa. Sort
approximate, in an advanced stage becoming confluent and concealing
nearly the whole of the under surface of the pinne, the costa and half
a line in breadth at the margin only being naked. Indusiwm narrow,
recurved, black, coriaceous, entire.

The affinity of this with the species immediately preceding is cer-
tainly very remote, but in the grouping of a limited number of species
of a large genus, such associations will occur. We are at a loss to
decide to what known species the present plant is most related.

§ 2. ACROPTERIS, Link, J. Sm.
* Frondes pinnate.
23. ASPLENIUM FLABELLIFOLIUM, Cav.

Asplenium flabellifolium, Cay. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 81 & 273, t. 8, £2; Willd. Spee.
Pl. 5, p. 883; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 150; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 364.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson and Puen Buen, New South Wales.
New Zealand, near Manawa Bay; in crevices of rocks: also in the
interior of the Northern Island; among decomposed lava.

Remarkable for its rambling habit, flabelliform pinne, and the
attenuated filiform rhachis, rooting at the point.

24. ASPLENIUM RHOMBOIDEUM, Sp. Noy. (Tab. 21.)

A, stipite filiformi prolifero; frondibus glabris membranaceis lineari-
lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis ovato-rhombeis bipartitis integrisve basi
inequalibus cuneatis, seymentis ovato-cuneatis crenatis; rhachi hine
sulcata; venis ramosis; indusio lineari-oblongo plano stramineo inte-
gerrimo.

POLYPODIACE€Z. 15

er
ae |

Has. Baios, Andes of Peru: in crevices of rocks.

Stipe prostrate, filiform, proliferous, and dichotomous, 4 to 6 inches
long, of a sooty-brown colour. Fronds about a span long, linear-lan-
ceolate, pinnate. Pinne of a livid green colour, smooth and mem-
branaceous, subpetiolate, 5 to 6 lines long and about 4 lines broad, of
a rhombic-ovate form, having an unequal cuneate base, and parted into
two ovate-cuneate segments, the inferior one the larger, their apices
irregularly crenate. Rhachis sulcate. Veins forked or branching. Sori
usually two in number on the smaller, and 3 to 5 on the larger seg-
ments. Indusiwm linear-oblong, entire, plane, and of a pale straw-colour.
Whole plant slender and of a rambling habit.

Nearly allied to the A. triphyllum of Presl, as figured in Hooker
and Greville’s Icones Filicum; but that is bipinnate, the fronds pro-
liferous at the apex, and bearing a solitary sorus on each pinnule.

Piate 21.—Fig. 2. Fronds, of the natural size. 2a. Under side of
a pinna, showing the indusium; magnified.

25. ASPLENIUM FALCATUM, Lum.

Asplenium falcatum, Lam. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 77; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 825; A.
Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 73; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 364.

Var. @. ATTENUATUM: pinnis in acumen elongatum angustum productis.
(Tab. 22.)

Has. Samoan Islands. Tongatabu. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands
New Zealand. Tahiti, Society Islands. Var. @. Feejee Islands.

#
This species occurs frequently on all the groups of islands in the
Pacific Ocean here designated. In our var. 2. attenuatum, the pinne
contract gradually in a long slender point.

PLate 22.—Fig. 1. la. Section of a pinna. 16. Section of the
40

158 FILICES.

same, showing an indusium and the insertion of the sporangia. 1.
Scale from base of a stipe. 1d. Sporangium.—More or less magnified.

26. ASPLENIUM conTIGUUM, Kawl/.

Asplenium contiguum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 172; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p- 106.

‘Has. Sandwich Islands.

The stipe of this is semiterete, sulcate in front, smooth, and from
6 to 8 inches long. Fronds nearly twice the length of the stipe, and
pinnate. Pinne 2 to 2% inches long, subpetiolate, striate, linear-
lanceolate, attenuate, with an inciso-serrate margin, the serratures
dentate, the superior base roundly cuneate or auriculate, the inferior
half as if cut off and attenuate. Rhachis frequently bearing a few
slender paleee. Sori contiguous to and nearly parallel with the almost
evanescent costa.

Very closely allied to the A. faleatum of Lamarck, and only dis-
tinguished from it by the more direct and narrower pinne, and the
sori more parallel with the costa. It is very distinct from <A. hor-
ridum, Kaulf., of which Gaudichaud considered it only a variety.

27. ASPLENIUM FILIFORME, Kaul/.

Asplenium filiforme, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 172; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p. 106.

Has. Maui, Sandwich Islands.
This differs from the preceding species only in its longer and nar-
rower, lanceolate-linear, attenuate, and even setaceous pinne.

28. ASPLENIUM HORRIDUM, Kaul/.

Asplenium horridum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 173; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p- 106.

POLYPODIACE &. 159

Has. Sandwich Islands: frequent.

In this we have a very robust and coarse plant, with a nearly round
stipe, having a shallow groove in front, from 8 to 10 inches long,
about the thickness of a swan’s quill, and, together with the rhachis,
densely rufous-hirsute. Fronds 24 to 4 feet long, rigid, coriaceous,
and pinnate. Pinne approximate, from 4 to 7 inches long by 6 lines
broad, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, inciso-lobate; the lobes oblong and
crenate at the apex, the lower and superior one the broadest. Almost
all the sori are contiguous to and parallel with the costa; in the latter
particular resembling the A. serra of Langsdorff and Fischer; while,
in the form and division of the pinnez its affinity is more with the
A. caudatum of Forster.

x « Frondes bipinnate.
29. AspLeNIUM Macrae, Hook. & Grev.
Asplenium Mucraet, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 217.
Has. Sandwich Islands: in open and dry mountain ridges.

In our numerous specimens of this species we find the fronds in
general to be longer, and not so broadly lanceolate, as represented in
the Icones Filicum.

30. ASPLENIUM TRIPHYLLUM, Presi.

Asplenium triphyllum, Presl, ex Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 88.

Has. Baiios, Andes of Peru: in fissures of rocks.

A charming little species, not over 4 inches in length, with the
fronds decumbent, and proliferous both at the base and apex. The
plant is admirably illustrated in the Icones Filicum, above cited.

31. ASPLENIUM ImMBRIcATUM, Hook. & Grev.

A. stipitibus nudis gracilibus semiteretibus ; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis

160 FILICES.

bi-tripinnatis. bulbiferis ; pinnis imbricatis; pinnulis cuneatis bi-tri-
dentatis ; soris plerumque solitaris.

Asplenium imbricatum, Hook & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 165.

Has. Obrajillo and Culnai, Andes of Peru.

Stipes slender, 2 to 3 inches long, about the thickness of a sparrow’s
quill, smooth and naked, half round. Fronds 8 to 12 inches long,
linear-lanceolate, bipinnate, rarely tr ipinnate, with a scaly bulb on the
rhachis between the two inferior pinne. Pinne on a short petiole,
umbricated, in outline deltoid-ovate. Pinnules from 3 to 5 in number,
smooth, cuneate, and sessile, about 3 or 4 lines long, the terminal one
the largest, entire, bi—tridentate. Veins simple or bi—trichotomous.
Sort oblong, solitary, seldom 2 on a pinnule. Indusium membranceous,
entire, and of a straw-colour.

There is no doubt of our plant being identical with that figured in
the Icones Filicum, notwithstanding that the authors of the species
did not notice the scaly bulb on the rhachis, between the inferior pair
of pinne ; an appendage, that by accident, or some other cause, might
not have been present on their specimens, but which is very evident
on all of ours.

32. ASPLENIUM ATTENUATUM, Jvaulf.

Asplenium attenuatum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 174.
Has. Estrella Pass, Organ Mountains, Brazil.

There is only one perfect specimen of this rather elegant Fern in
the collection; and this is somewhat larger than the plant described
by Kaulfuss.

33. ASPLENIUM PSEUDO-NITIDUM, Raddi.
Asplenium pseudo-nitidum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 89, t. 55.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

POLYPODIACESA. 161

We have some doubts as to whether the A. Martinicense of Will-
denow be specifically distinct from: the present plant.

34. ASPLENIUM INSITICIUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 22.)

A. stipitibus semiteretibus parce paleaceo-hirsutis; frondibus proliferis
bipinnatis; pinnis petiolatis bast pinnatis vel pinnatipartitis versus
apicem inciso-serratis ; pinnulis glabris coriaceis obovato-cuneatis basi’
integris apice duplicato-dentatis; venis flabellatis, venulis furcatis ;
soris linearibus divergentibus ; madusio integerrimo coriaceo.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in forests.

Stipes about 12 inches long, of a dingy brown colour, hal/-round,
with two ribs in front, hirsute with scattered slender palece, which ex-
tend to the rhachis. Sronds bipinnate at the base, and narrowing
gradually into a simply pinnate point. Pimne with a petiole 6 lines
long, alternate, ovate-oblong and acuminate, pinnate or deeply pinna-
tifid at the base, and terminating in an incisely serrate point. Pinnules
half an inch to an inch long, smooth, coriaceous, striate on the upper
surface, obovate-cuneate and decurrent, the rounded point doubly-toothed.
Secondary rhachis compressed and, with the primary one, proliferous
on the upper side near the apex. Veins radiating from the base of the
pinnules, and forking once or twice before reaching the margin. Sore
4 to 6 on each pinnule, long, dinear, and diverging from the evanescent
costa. Indusiwm coriaceous, entire, of a light brown colour.

Puate 22.—Fig. 2. 2a. Under side of a pinnule. 20. Section of a
pinnule, showing the indusium and insertion of the sporangia. 2c.
Scale from the base of a stipe. 2d. Sporangia.—More or less mag-
nified.

35. ASPLENIUM CANARIENSE, Bory.

Asplenium Canariense, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 339.

Has. Island of Madeira; on the sea-coast, east of Funchal: in

crevices of rocks:
41

162 FILLC:ES.

None of our specimens of this species are more than a ‘foot ‘In
height.

36. ASPLENIUM FuRCATUM, T'hunb.

Asplenium furcatum, Thunb. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. \p. 83; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 340;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 174.

Var. 2. .pinnis caudato-acuminates.

Has. Vicinity of Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. Sandwich
Islands. Var. @. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

Our variety @. with caudate-acuminate pinne, is the extreme of
various forms of the plant from the Sandwich Islands, some of which
do not differ from those of the Cape of Good Hope, either in texture
or in the form of the divisions of the fronds.

37. ASPLENIUM.RIPARIUM, Sp. Nov.

A, stipitibus subteretibus antice trisulcatis ; frondibus bipinnatis ; pinnis
alternis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis caudato-acuminatis; pinnulis
coriaceis -rhomboideo-oblongis acutis basi cuneatis inciso-lobatis latere
superiori auriculatis, lobis lineari-oblongis inequaliter dentatis ; rhachi
paleaceo-hirsuta,; venis radiatis furcatis; soris angusto-linearibus:;
industo corrvaceo.

Has. Mountains.near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stipes about the ‘thickness of a crowquill, and nearly round, with
three shallow grooves in front, chaffy with scattered, short, reticulated
scales, which extend to the rhachis. Fronds bipinnate, rather rigid,
12 to 18 inches in length, together with the pinne oblong-lanceolate,
and contracting gradually into a narrow serrate acumination. Pinnules
numerous, coriaceous, 6 to 8 lines long, «homboid-oblong or linear-
oblong, acute, with an unequally cuneate and incisely lobed base, the
lower and superior lobe the largest, irregularly and rather skarply
dentate at the point. Sori parallel with the obscure costa, or rising

POLYPODIACES. 163

from near the base of the pinnule and diverging into the lobes. Indu-
sium narrowly linear, entire, and very coriaceous.

This appears to be closely related to the A. angustatum of Blume.

38. ASPLENIUM cRISTATUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 21.)

A. stipitibus brevibus angulatis squqmosis; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis
acuminatis bipinnatis; pinnis subalternis horizontalibus basi pinnatis
apice inciso-serratis; pinnulis membranaceis obovato-cuneatis bifidis
vel trifidis, segmentis truncato-cuneatis duplicato-dentatis; venis ra-
mosis; soris paucis lineartbus; indusio membranaceo stramineo inte-
gerrumo.

Has. Mountains near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stipes short (2 to 3 inches long), of a dark brown colour, closely
covered at the base with slender scales, which extend in a scattered
manner up the rhachis. yonds nearly a foot long, of a beautiful
deep green colour, and, with the slightly petiolate pinnse, oblong-lan-
ceolate, contracting rather suddenly into a sharply serrate point. Pin-
nules membranaceous, 8 to 10 in number, 4 to 6 lines long, obovate-
cuneate, the inferior pair ¢rifid, or externally bifid; the divisions or
segments truncate-cuneate, doubly toothed, the teeth rather sharp. Sova
one or two on each segment, with a straw-coloured linear, entire, mem-
branaceous industum.

Manifestly allied: to the A. cuneatum of Lamarck; but distinguished
by the pinnules being more deeply divided.

Puate 21.—Fig. 3. A frond of the natural size. 3a. Under side of
@ pinnule, showing:the indusium.; magnified.

39. ASPLENIUM CUNEATUM, Lam.

Asplenium cuneatum, Lam. ex. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 84; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 344;
Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. 2, p. 187.
Ruta Muraria maxima, Sloane, Hist. Jam. p. 98; t. 46, f. 2.

164 FILICES.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands. Feejee and Samoan Islands..
Tahiti, Society Islands. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The plants from these various localities are in no’ way different
from each: other.

40. ASPLENIUM ACUMINATUM, Hook. & Arn.
Asplenium acuminatum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 106.

Haz. Sandwich Islands; abundant on high mowhtains behind
Honolulu, Oahu.

The fronds of this, with' the stipe, are from’ 2 to 3% feet long,
bipinnate, with elongated-lanceolate and very much acuminate pinne..
The numerous pinnules are subject to great variation in' their size and
form ; being sometimes lanceolate, acute, and incisely-pinnatifid, about
13 inches long, the superior base subauriculate; or lanceolate and
dentate-serrate, cuneate at the base, and less than an inch in length.
Both forms are striate-venose on the upper surface. Sori parallel and!
a little oblique with the obscure costa.

41. AspLENIUM PATENS, Kaul/-

A. stipitibus semiteretibus paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus bipinnatis ; pinnis
alternis patentibus; pinnulis membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis
pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis cuneatis apice inciso-dentatis, singulis
soros 2-4 oblongos gerentibus.

Asplenium patens, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 175 ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 106:

Has. Sandwich Islands: on mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu.

Stipes about a foot long, half round, sulcate in front, and with the’
rhachis paleaceous-hirsute. Fronds linear-oblong, bipinnate, a little lax
in their habit, 14 to 2 feet long, the pinne alternate and spreading.
Pinnules membranaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acute, pinnatifid, one to 1
inches in length; the lobes oblong-cuneate, incisely toothed at the apex-
Sori oblong, 2 or 8, sometimes 4 on a segment or lobe.

POLYPODIACES. 165°

The pales on the stipe and rhachis are rather fugacious, and may
not have been present on the single specimen examined by Kaulfuss,
as neither he nor the authors of the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage have
noticed them.

42. AspLeniuM MAGeLLAnicum, Kauif.

Aspleniwm Magellanicum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p: 175; Spreng. Syst. Weg..4, p..88 3:
Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 180.

Has. Tierra del Fuego: in thickets of bushes, in the vicinity of
Orange Harbour.

Plant cxspitose, usually about a span high, the rootlets densely
coated with a rufous tomentum. Fronds deltoid-ovate, slightly acu-
minate, either twice or thrice pinnate, smooth, and succulent when
recent. Pinnules bi-trilobate; the lobes obovate, entire, emarginate,.
or denticulate. Indusium semiorbicular, membranaceous..

43. ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NiGRUM, Linn.

Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Linn. ; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 84; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 346 ;.
Engl. Bot. t. 1950.
A. patens, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 320, non Kaulf.

Has.. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands; on Mouna Loa and Mouna Kea,
at an altitude of from 8,000 to 10,000: feet ;. growing among decom-
posed lava.

We are convinced, from the note of Gaudichaud, in the Botany of
Freycinet’s Voyage, under A. patens, and the synonyme adduced, that
his plant was really the A. Adiantum-nigrum of Linnzeus, the same as
that now under consideration, a very distinct species indeed from the
A. patens of Kaulfuss; which has fronds of a much larger size, more
lax and open in their divisions, of a membranaceous texture, and
with only one or two, seldom three sori on each lobe. The European
and Sandwich Island specimens of A. Adiantum-nigrum do not essen-

tially differ from each other.
42

166. FILELC ES.

* -% * Frondes tripinnate.
44, AspLentum AcutuM, Bory.
Asplenium acutum, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 847; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 176.
Has. Island of Madeira; near the summit of the Pico Ruivo.

Remarkable for the long acuminate points of the frond, and the
very acute, slightly bidentate divisions.

45, ASPLENIUM LASERPITIIFOLIUM, Lai.

Asplenium laserpitiifolium, Lam. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 85; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
347; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 176; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 321.

Has. Samoan and Feejee Islands. Taliti, Society Islands.

The fronds from young plants of this species might very readily be
mistaken for those of A. cuneatum, Swartz.

46, ASPLENIUM RACHIRHIZON, Raddy.
Asplenium rachirhizon, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 39, t. 56.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

This, as Raddi has justly observed, is a-very elegant species ; it has
a stipe about a span long and as thick as a crowquill, black, glossy,
and sulcate in front. Fronds 15 to 18 inches long, glabrous and tri-
pinnate: primary pinne nearly opposite, diverging, and imbricated.
Pinnules 3 lines long, membranaceous, ovate, acute, bifid, or emargi-
nate. -Rhachis very much elongated, filiform, and rooting at the
point. -Sori short, semi-eblong, solitary on each pinnule. Indusium
entire, of a pale straw colour.

POLYPODIACES. 167

* *% * * Froniles decomposite.
47. ASPLENIUM SCANDICINUM, Kaulf.
Asplenium scandicinum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 177.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on-trees and decayed wood.

The fronds of this are very graceful, flaccid, glabrous, and decom-
pound, from one to 12 feet long; the inferior branches from three to
four times pinnate. Pinnules ovate-cuneate, incisely-dentate; each
segment bearing from one to 3 sori.

§ 3. DAREA, Willd.
x Frondes pinnate.
48. ASPLENIUM FLACCIDUM, Forst.
Asplenium flaccidum, Forst. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Austr. n. 426.
A. heterophyllum, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 74, excl. syn. R. Br.
Cenopteris flaccida, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 87 & 281; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot.

Mag. 2, p. 364.
Darea flaccida, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 295.

‘Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: epiphytical.

This species is remarkable for its smooth, pallid, coriaceous, flaccid
fronds, which are constantly pinnate; the pinnez distant or crowded,
-sometimes entire or merely dentate, but usually pinnatifid two-thirds
down to the costa; each segment-bearing a single sorus.

»% % ‘Frondes' bipinnate.

-49, ASPLENIUM BULBIFERUM, Forst.

A. stipitibus semiteretibus sulcatis squamosis; frondibus bipinnatis;
pinnis suboppositis, proliferis ; pinnulis oblongis membranaceis glabris

168 FILICES.

inciso-pinnatifidis vel serratis basi cuneatis decurrentibus, lacinis
lineari-oblongis subfalcatis bi-tridentatis ; soris brevibus submargina-
libus.

Asplenium bulbiferum, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 84; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 345;
A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 75; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 3643.
Montag. Bot. Astrol. & Zelee (1844), t. 8, f. I.

A. larum, Montag. Bot. Astrol. & Zelee (1844), t. 3, f J.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in moist and!
shady forests.

Stipes 10’to 15 inches in length, smooth, half round and furrowed
in front, bearing: narrow chaffy scales near their base, and together with
the rhachis of a straw colour. Fronds twice the length of the stipe,
smooth and somewhat membranaceous, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
and bipinnate. Pinne spreading and subopposite at the base, while
towards the apex they are more alternately arranged; the costa proli-
ferous on the upper side near the apex, and with short, brown, reticu-
lated scales on the under side. Pinnules oblong, acute or obtuse, and
serrated or incisely pinnatifid, the base wedge-shaped and decurrent on
the costa, the lower and superior one the largest. Segments linear-
oblong, somewhat falcate in form, and bi-tridentate. Sort short, some-
what marginal, and quite numerous on the upper half of the frond.

In the Botany of the Voyage of the Astrolabe & Zelee (1844), we
find the present species figured on the same plate with a plant named
A. laxum of RB. Brown. If the latter be a correct delineation of Mr.
Brown’s plant, then we must unite the two species, as A. Richard, in
the Botany of the Astrolabe, has already done. The slight difference,
in the two figures referred to, consists in the fronds and pinne of A.
lacum terminating in a short and sharp acuminate point, and perhaps
in the presence of a greater number of slender palese on the rhachis,

as well as in the absence of the proliferous buds, usually present on:
A. bulbiferwm.

50. ASPLENIUM strictuM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 23.)

A. stipitibus teretibus marginatis; frondibus erectis lineari-lanceolatis

POLYPODIACE &. 169

bipinnatis; pinnis patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis; pinnulis oblongis
obtusis falcatis integris vel bi-trifidis, infimis cum terminali profunde
pinnatifidis ; rhachi marginata ; soris submarginalibus.

Has. Kauai, Sandwich Islands: on open mountain ridges.

Plant tufted, from 25 to 30 fronds in a tuft. Rootstock globose
and densely imbricated with slender, attenuated, black, reticulated
scales. Stzpes one to 3 inches long, and a little thicker than the quill
of a sparrow, of a dull brown colour, terete, margined. Fronds 10 to
12 inches high, erect, linear-lanceolate, rather rigid, and bipinnate to
the very apex. Pinne alternate, sessile, spreading, from 8 to 10 lines
long, oblong-lanceolate, unequal at the base. Pinnules obovate or
oblong, obtuse; the lower and terminal one the largest and deeply
pinnatifid, outwards bifid or trifid; the 2 or 3 next the point entire
and jalcate. Rhachis margined throughout. Sori submarginal, solitary
on the superior or inner side of the pinnules, with an entire, oblong,
or lunate, somewhat coriaceous, straw-coloured indusium, which ex-
tends beyond the margin.

This is closely allied to the A. (Cenopteris) rhizophyllum of Smith.
But the fronds are longer, narrower, more erect, and destitute of
bulbs at the point, while the pinnules are more contracted, and the
sori nearer to the margin than in that species.

Puate 23.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. Pinna. 146.
Portion of a pinna, showing the indusium.—The details more or less
magnified.

51. ASPLENIUM F@NICULACEUM, Humb. & Kunth.
Asplenium feniculaceum, Humboldt & Kunth, ex Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 92.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

All the specimens in our possession are young, yet we feel satisfied
of its being the A. foeniculaceum of Humboldt and Kunth, as figured

by Hooker and Greville.
43

170 FILICES.

52. ASPLENIUM FURCATUM.

A. stipitibus compressis bast paleaceis ; frondibus lineari-lanceolatis bipwn-
natis; pinnis suboppositis pinnatipartitis, laciniis lineari-subspathu-
latis obtusis, infimis summisque bipartitis; rhachi compressa alata ;
soris submarginalibus.

‘Darea furcata, Willd. Spec. Pl. 95, p. 297; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. fase. 2, p. 207.
Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

Rootstock long, filiform. Stipes 2 to 4 inches long, rather com-
pressed and angular, chaffy with a few slender palex at the base, and
with scattered brown hairs, which extend to the compressed winged
rhachis and the segments of the young fronds only. Fronds tufted,
about a span long, linear-lanceolate, bypinnate. Pinne subopposite and
deeply pinnatifid. Segments linear, obtuse, the fertile ones subspatu-
late, the lower and superior two-parted. Sort submarginal, solitary on
the inner and superior half and towards the points of the segments.

x * * Frondes tripinnate.

53. ASPLENIUM DISsECcTUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 24.)

A. stipitibus semiteretibus rhachique sulcatis paleaceo-hirsutis ; frondibus
coriaceis tripinnatis; pinnulis ovato-oblongis pinnatifidis, lacinits
lineari-oblongis cuneatis bi-tridentatis ; soris lineari-oblongis solitarvs
rariusve in laciniis geminis.

Has. Sandwich dslands; in forests, on the island of Hawaii.

Rootstock globose. Stipes half round, grooved in front, 8 to 10
inches long, and together with the rhachis paleaceous-hirsute. Fronds
coriaceous, from 15 to 18 inches long, and about 12 inches broad, con-
stantly tripinnate; the primary divisions ovate-oblong, pinnatifid, with
linear-oblong, often subfalcate and cuneate, bi-tridentate segments, 3 lines
long and nearly one line broad, bearing single or seldom a pair of
linear-oblong sori on each segment.

POLYPODIACESA. 171

Although this is altogether a very distinct plant, yet its habit in
some measure resembles the A. patens of Kaulfuss, from which it
differs in the fronds being more deeply divided, and seldom bearing
more than one sorus on a segment.

Puate 24.—Fig. 1. Frond, of the natural size. la. Pinnule,
showing the indusium. 10. A scale, from the base of the stipe. lc.
Sporangium.—All more or less magnified.

54, ASPLENIUM MULTIFIDUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 23.)

A, stipitibus levibus angulatis sulcatis squamosis; frondibus membra-
naceis tripinnatis; diwisionibus primaris alternis imbricatis oblongis
acuminatis; pinnulis oblongis obtusis pinnatipartitis, laciniis lineart-
oblongis obtusis, inferioribus bi-trifidis; rhachi parce squamosa ; sors
semi-oblongis submargimalibus ; indusio integerrimo.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands, and Ovolau, Feejee Islands: in
mountain forests.

Plant large and graceful in its habit. Stipes 12 feet long, and
about the thickness of a goosequill, of a grayish-brown colour, smooth,
angular, sulcate in front, chaffy with scattered, peltate, lacerated,
brown scales, which continue upwards on the rhachis and costa.
Fronds membranaceous, glabrous, 2 feet and upwards in length, tripin-
nate, the primary divisions alternate, imbricated, spreading, and with
the secondary ones contracting into a sharp pinnatifid point. Pinnules
oblong, obtuse, deeply pinnatifid ; the segments linear-oblong, obtuse, 2 or
3 lines long and less than a line in breadth, the inferior ones twice or
thrice divided, bearing a single oblong sorus on their inner margin,
which has an entire indusiwm.

This is one of the most graceful Ferns of the tribe, and is allied to—
the A. (Darea) cicutarium of Willdenow: but that is bipinnate, and
its sori are shorter.

Prats 23.—Fig. 2. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. 24a.
A segment, showing the indusium. 26. Sporangia—The details
magnified.

172 FILICES.

55. ASPLENIUM DUBIUM, Sp. Nov.

A. rhizomate repente; stipitibus angulatis parce paleaceo-hirsutis ; fron-
dibus membranaceis glabris deltoideo-ovatis bi-tripinnatis ; pinnis sub-
oppositis patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis ; pinnulis lineari-oblongis meiso-
pinnatifidis, lacinits linearibus obtusis ; rhachi compressa marginata.

Has. Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands.

This is a Fern apparently belonging to the Darea section of Asple-
nium, having a black creeping rootstock, and angular, sparsely-palea-
ceous hirsute stipes, with small, scattered, membranaceous, smooth,
deltoideo-ovate, bi-tripinnate fronds. The pinne are subopposite,
spreading, and oblong-lanceolate in form. Pinnules linear-oblong and
inciso-pinnatifid, with linear and obtuse segments, and a compressed
margined rhachis.

Our specimens are entirely destitute of sori.

§ 4. ATHYRIUM, Roth.
x Frondes pinnate.
56. ASPLENIUM DEPARIOIDES, Sp. Nov.

A. stipitibus angulatis hine sulcatis; frondibus membranaceis glabris
pinnatis; pinnis alternis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis pinnatipartitis,
apice acuminato dentato, laciniis oblongis obtusis subfalcatis dentatis ;
rhachi prolifera; venis pinnatis; soris oblongis remotis submargina-
libus.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on the Kaala Mountains, Oahu.

Stipes a foot or afoot and a half long, about the thickness of a goose-
quill, smooth, angular, sulcate in front. Fronds 3 feet and upwards in
length, membranaceous, smooth, elongated-lanceolate in circumscription,
pinnate. Pinne alternate or subalternate, spreading, sessile, linear-
lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, from 6 to 8 inches in length, terminating

POLYPODIACE &. 173

ina narrow dentate point; segments oblong, obtuse, slightly falcate and
dentate, 6 lines long by 2 lines broad, the sinus wide and rounded at
the base. Rhachis proliferous. Veins pinnate; venules simple, bear-
ing oblong and remote sori, the outer ends of which extend almost to
the margin of the segment. Indusium brown, entire, in the dry state
hard and recurved.

This possesses the same form of frond, proliferous rhachis, and
venation as Deparia prolifera of Hooker. But the sori are in strict
conformity with species forming the present section of Aspleniwm.

x * Frondes bipinnate.

57. ASPLENIUM Fiuix-ramina, &. Br.

Asplenium Filix-foemina, R. Br. ex J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 174.
Aspidium Filix-foemina, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 276.
Athyrium Filix-feemina, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 98.

Has. Island of Madeira; in woods, near Santa Anna.

Our specimen is more delicate in texture than the ordinary Huro-
pean form of the species, and the pinnules are more deeply incised
than in the plant represented at page 63 of Newman’s British Ferns.

58. ASPLENIUM UMBROSUM, J. Sm.

Asplenium umbrosum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 174.
Aspidium umbrosum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 60; Willd. Spec. PL. 5, p. 283.
Allantodia umbrosa, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 179.

Athyrium umbrosum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 98.

Has. Island of Madeira; in woods, near Santa Anna.

59, ASPLENIUM AUSTRALE.

A. stipitibus levibus sulcatis; frondibus bipinnatis membranaceis flac-
cidis ; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatifidis, lacintis oblongis obtusts
44

174 FILICES.

serratis; rhachi partiali compressa; sores plurimis lineari-oblongis
costee approximatis ; indusio fornicato.

Allantodia australis, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 149.
Athyrium australe, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 16?

Has. New Zealand; in woods, in the vicinity of Wangarara Bay.

Stipes smooth and channelled in front. Fronds membranaceous,
flaccid, and bipinnate. Pinnules oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid; the seg-
ments oblong, obtuse, serrate; the secondary rhachis compressed.
Sori numerous, linear-oblong, situated close to the costa; indusium
vaulted.

This has very much the appearance of the preceding species: but
the segments are not so deeply serrated, and the indusium is less
membranaceous.

x * * Frondes tripinnate.
60. ASPLENIUM MULTISECTUM.

A. stipitibus semiteretibus hine sulcatis basi parce paleaceis ; frondibus
tripinnatis; pinnis secundaris ovato-lanceolatis; pinnulis pinnati-
fidis; laciniis lineari-lanceolatis soepius bidentatis, infimis incisis ;
soris juxta basim dentium intus solitariis ; indusio membranaceo.

Aspidium scandicinum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 9, 285.
Allantodia scandicina, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 179.
Athyrium scandicinwm, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 98.

Has. Sandwich Islands; in forests.

Plant cespitose, 14 to 2 feet high. Stipes usually a little shorter
than the fronds, of a pale straw colour, half round, channelled in front,
and paleaceous at the base. Fronds somewhat flaccid and delicately
tripinnate:, secondary pinne ovate-lanceolate : pinnules pinnatifid. Seg-
ments linear-lanceolate, and usually divided into two setaceous teeth ;
with a single sorus on the inner side near the base of each. Industum
smooth and membranaceous.

POLYPODIACEA. 175

61. AspLentum Porretianum, Gaud.

Asplenium Poiretianum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 321, t. 18; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 107.

Athyrium Poiretianum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 98.

Has. Sandwich Islands; in moist shady forests; frequent.

Although very distinct, this nevertheless possesses a habit and
aspect a good deal like the preceding species; but on examination it
is readily recognised by its densely paleaceous stipes, larger fronds,
broader segments, and the reniform indusium seated on the costa of
segments, not on the teeth.

52. NEOTTOPTERIS, J. Sm.

(ASPLENII Spec. Linn. & Auct.)

Presl, in his Tentamen Pteridographiw, divides the genus Asple-
nium into two sections; the first section, “ Thamnopteris,” embracing
only the A. Midus of Linnzeus. On this and some other closely allied
species Mr. J. Smith subsequently founded the genus Neottopteris ;
and we are also of the opinion that they ought to be separated from
Asplenium, on account of the apices of the venules being combined
by a transverse marginal vein.

1. NEotrtortEeris Nipvs.
Neottopteris vulgaris, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 176.

Asplenium Nidus, Linn.; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 74; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 303; Kaulf.
Enum. Fil. p. 164.

Var. 8. frondibus bi-tripedalibus elongato-lanceolatis, apice undulato
obtuso.

Var. y. frondibus tri-quadripedalibus lanceolatis acutis basi attenuatis.

176 FILICES.

Var. 8. frondibus sesqui—bipedalibus lanceolatis acutis apice undulatis
bast subattenuatis.

Var. ¢. frondibus tri-quadripedalibus elongato-lanceolatis apiculatis mar-
gine crenatis.

Has. Sandwich Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Var. 3. Sand-
wich Islands; with elongated-lanceolate fronds, 2 or 3 feet long, the
point undulate and obtuse. Var. y. Paumotu, Society, and Samoan
Islands; also Tongatabu, Friendly Islands ; a form with lanceolate and
acute fronds, 8 or 4 feet long, attenuated at the base. Var. 0. Feejee
Islands; with fronds 13 to 2 feet long, lanceolate, acute, the point
undulate, the base slightly attenuated. Var, e. Illawarra, New South
Wales; a form with the fronds 3 or 4 feet long, elongated-lanceolate,
apiculate, the margin crenate.

Usually only the upper half of the frond in all these forms is
fertile, and each venule is sporangiferous; the sori commencing near
the costa and continuing outwards to within half an inch of the
margin.

2. NeorrorpTeris Puyiuitipis, J. Sm.

N. frondibus lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis bast attenuatis subco-
riaceis; soris parallellis remotis ; indusio membranaceo persistente.

Neottopteris Phyllitidis, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 176.
Asplenium Phyllitidis, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. p. 7.

Has. Mountains near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Fronds 2 feet long by about 3 inches broad, lanceolate, acuminate,
entire, subcoriaceous, with an attenuated base. Sori distant and parallel,
with a membranaceous persistent indusiwm. The habit is similar to
that of NV. Nidus; from which it differs in the fronds being narrower
and more attenuated at the base than in the usual form of that
species; the lines of sori are also more distant, only every second or
third venule being sporangiferous; and the sori extend from the costa
to within two lines of the margin.

POLYPODIACESA. 177

538. HEMIDICTYON, Presl, J. Sm.

(ASPLENII Spec. Linn.)
1. HEMIDICTYON MARGINATUM, Presi.

Hemidictyon marginatum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 110, t. 3, f. 24; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 55, A.

Asplenium marginatum, Linn. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 809; Velloz. Fl. Flum. 11,
t. 101.

Has. Forests at the base of the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro,
Brazil.

We concur with Mr. J. Smith in the propriety of restricting this
genus (so far as known) to the present species. Presl referred to it
the Asplenium Douglasii of Hooker and Greville, and also, but with
a doubt, the Allantodia Brunonis of Wallich: the former has the mar-
ginal veinlets free, while the indusium of the latter in a recent state
is cylindrical.

54. CALLIPTERIS, Bory, J. Sm.
(AspLEentt Spec. Sw. & Auct. Drpnazit Spec. Sw. & Auct. ANIsoGoNtuM, Presl.
DIGRAMMARIA, Presl.)
1. CALLIPTERIS PROLIFERA, Bory.

' Callipteris prolifera, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 179.
Asplenium decussatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 76 & 260; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 310.
Anisogonium decussatum, Presl; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56, f. A.

Var. B. pinnis basi pinnatis sursum pinnatifidis apice grosse serratis,
laciniis oblongis acutis subfalcatis.

Has. Feejee Islands.. Var. @. Feejee Islands.
45

178 FILICES.

The usual form occurs very frequently in marshy grounds, near the
sea-coast. Fronds attaining the height of from 6 to 8 feet,.and con-
stantly pinnate; the margin of the pinne coarsely serrate ; and pro-
liferous buds are borne on the rhachis, in the axils of the pinne.
Stipes muricated. In var. @. the fronds grow to a much larger size,
and have their pinne again pinnate at the base, barely pinnatifid above
and coarsely serrate towards the point; the segments oblong, acute,
somewhat falcate.

9. CALLIPTERIS Manaparica, J. Sm.

Callipteris Malabarica, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 179.

Asplenium ambiguum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 81 & 274; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 348.
Diplazium Malabaricum, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 193.

Digrammaria ambigua, Presl, ex Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 56, C.

Has. Feejee Islands. Luzon and Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

The rootstock frequently assumes an arborescent habit. In the
Luzon plant, the pinnules are not so deeply serrated as in the Feejee
and Mindanao forms; the two latter agree in outline, and both

possess a venation similar to the sectional figure in Hooker’s Genera
Filicum.

Tring V. ASPIDIEA, J. Sm.
55. MATONIA, R&R. Br.
1. Matonza Pectinata, f. Br.

Matonia pectinata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 62; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 43; J. Sm. in
Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 182.

Has. Mount Ophir, Peninsula of Malacca.

POLYPODIACES. 179

Fine specimens of this beautiful and remarkable Fern were pre-
sented to the Expedition by Mr. Balistier, United States Consul at
Singapore, labelled as from the above locality, where, so far as we
know, it has only yet been detected. In all our specimens, the
peculiar “orbicular, peltate indusium” has entirely disappeared,
leaving only a very few sessile sporangia attached to the receptacle.
The habit of the plant, its firm stipes and glaucous fronds, together
with the “sporangia of each sorus being definite,” indicate some rela-
tionship with Gleichenia, an affinity noticed by Mr. J. Smith, who,
however, on account of the presence of “a peltate centrally attached

indusium,” placed the genus in Aspidiew. Presl refers it to the Cya-
theacece.

56. ASPIDIUM, Sw., Presi, J. Sm.
1. Aspipium ALATUM, Wall.
Aspidium alatum, Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 184.
Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands.
This handsome species is admirably delineated by Hooker and

Greville in their Icones Filicum. It is gratifying to us to be able to
assign it a greater geographical range.

2. ASPIDIUM REPANDUM, Willd.

A. stipitibus glabris semiteretibus sulcatis basi paleaceis ; frondibus mem-
branaceis glabris pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus elongato-lanceolatis acu-
minatis bast subcuneatis margine repandis, terminali bi-tripartita ;
soris plurumis magnis biserialibus.

Aspidium repandum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 216; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 144.

Has. Forests near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Tahiti,
Society Islands.

180 FILICES.

Fronds pinnate, smooth, of a membranaceous texture, and from 19 to
25 inches long. Pinne consisting of from 4 to 6 pairs, with an odd
one, the inferior 3 or 4 pairs sessile, the superior ones decurrent, elon-
gate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a somewhat wedge-shaped base and
repand margin, from 6 to 8 inches long, and 2 inches broad, the termi
nal one 2-3-parted in a lobate-pinnatifid manner. Stipes 2 feet and
upwards in length, about the thickness of a goose-quill, smooth, half-
round, and grooved in front, with long, slender, acuminate, reticulated,
chaffy scales at the base. Sori numerous and large, and arranged out-
ward from the costa to the margin in a nearly biserval manner.

This differs from the preceding species in its pinnate and less mem-
branaceous fronds (at least they are so at the base), and repand ~
pinnse, the terminal one 2—3-parted; and also in the absence of the
broad wing on the stipe, peculiar to that species.

3. ASPIDIUM MACROPHYLLUM, Sw.

Aspidium macrophyllum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 43 & 239; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 217;
Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 29.

Has. Woods, on the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

When growing in the shade (which is the usual station for the
species) the fronds are large, 2 or 3 feet high, with remote and mem-
branaceous pinnee; while in open situations they are more compact in
their habit, with pinnze consequently of a firmer texture, and the
costa above partially pubescent.

4. ASPIDIUM IRREGULARE, Sp. Nov.

A. stipitibus nigris levibus angulatis; frondibus membranaceis bipin-
natis; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis acutisre margine lobato-
sinuatis bast cordatis, supremis coadunatis, lobis crenatis; rhachi
costaque Jusco-pubescentibus ; soris parvis biserialibus ; indusio orbicu-
lari crenato. |

Var. 0. frondibus ternatisectis, divisionibus triangulatis pinnatis ; pinnis
petiolatis lobato-pinnatifidis.

POLYPODIACE®. *. "407
Has. Feejee Islands: in forests, vicinity of Sandalwood Bay.

Stipes of a glossy-black colour, smooth, angular, with a shallow
groove in front, stout and paleaceous at base, tapering gradually
to the base of the frond, varying from 12 to 20 inches in length.
Fronds membranaceous, about equal in length with the stipe, trian-
gular-oblong. and bipinnate at the base. Pinne petiolate and ascend-
ing, pinnate at the base, pinnatifid towards the summit, and termina-
ting in an acuminate entire point. Pinnules alternate, oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminate or acute, with an unequal cordate base; the margin
lobate-sinuate; the upper surface with slight protuberances opposite
the sori. Rhachis and costa above clothed with a short brown pubes-
cence. Sort small, numerous, usually produced in two rows between
the transverse primary veins, and in some specimens they have a
scattered appearance, furnished with a peltate, orbicular, crenate indu-
sium. In var. @. the fronds are strictly ternate, with the leaflets
pinnate at the base; the terminal one sometimes two-parted; but
between this and the bipinnate form, we have intermediate grades in
the divisions of the fronds, which renders it evident that this is only
an extreme state of the species.

57. SAGENIA, Presi.

(Asprptr Spec. Auct.)
1. Sagenza Hrerocreris, Presi.

S. stipitibus semiteretibus hine sulcatis basi paleaceis; frondibus pin-
natis; pinnis ovato-oblongis sew oblongo-lanceolatis apicem versus
decurrentibus et confluentibus, inferioribus jpetiolatis vel sessilibus
pinnatifidis, laciniis lanceolato-oblongis lobato-sinuatis, lobis dentatis ;
rhachi venis marginibusque pilosis; soris sparsis ; indusio orbiculart
margine parum undulato.

Sagenia Hippocrepis, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 86, t. 2, f. 24 & 25; Hook. Gen. Fil.
t. 53, f. A.
Aspidium Hippocrepis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 51; Wil.d. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 235.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in mountain forests.
46

rt)

182 FILICES.

In this species a great diversity occurs, both in the size and division
of the fronds; these vary from 5 to 15 inches in length, oblong, acute,
cordate at the base and pinnate, sometimes pinnatifid, towards the point
confluent and decurrent. Segments lance-oblong, with a lobate-sinwate
margin, which, with the costa and veins on the upper side, are fur-
nished with scattered short hairs. Sori scattered, numerous on the
small as well as on the larger fronds, and on some may be said to be
crowded and partially confluent. Jndusium orbicular, with a slightly
undulated margin.

This is certainly the Aspidiwm Hippocrepis of Swartz; at least it
agrees with portions of the fronds figured under the name of Sagenia
Hippocrepis, by Pres] and Hooker; it is a plant of very frequent
occurrence in humid forests, at an elevation of from 2 to 8000 feet,
on various islands of the Sandwich Group.

2. SAGENIA APIUFOLIA, J. Sm. ?

Sagenia aptifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 184?
Nephrodium aptifolium, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 105.
Aspidium sinuatum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 843, non Labill.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on the mountains behind Honolulu.

The fronds of this are large and bipinnate, rising to a height of 3
to 5 feet, with stout, smooth, purplish-black stipes. The primary
pinne are distant, subopposite and divaricate; the secondary ones
broadly lanceolate and pinnatifid; the segments membranaceous,
oblong-lanceolate, entire or sinuate-pinnatifid, with a slightly ciliate
margin, and puberulent on the upper surface. Sori few, small, sub-
serial, with an entire and orbicular indusium.

We have no means of ascertaining satisfactorily that this is the S.
apuifolia of Mr. J. Smith; but we are confident that it is the Aspi-
dium sinuatum of Gaudichaud, and also the Nephrodium apiifoliwm of
Hooker and Arnott, who have adopted Schkuhr’s specific name with
a doubt, and which Gaudichaud, also with a doubt, employed as a
synonyme to his plant.

POLYPODIACES. . 183

3. SAGENIA VARIA, Presi ?

S. stipitibus nitidis compressis trisulcatis pilosis; frondibus membra-
naceis basi bipinnatis apicem versus pinnatis ; pinnis alternis lanceo-
lato-oblongis, inferioribus pinnatis, superioribus pinnatifidis apice
confluentibus ; lacintis oblongis obtusis crenatis ; costa venisque supra
rufo-pubescentibus ; soris parvis subseriatis ; indusio ?

Sagenia varia, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 87? sine char.
Aspidium varium, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 286?

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands: in forests.

The description of this by Willdenow, under Aspidiwm variwm,
embraces several states of the plant. Ours differs slightly from all of
them, more especially in the presence of a rufous pubescence on the
costa and veins on the upper side; and on its crenate segments: but
these characters not being strongly marked and subject to varia-
tion, together with the circumstance of our being in possession of only
a single specimen, and that without perfect sori, induce us to adopt
the above name, although with a mark of doubt. |

58. PLOCNEMIA, Presl, J. Sm.

(Potypopit Spec. Gaud.)

Venee furcate: venule inferiores arcuate et angulato-anastomosantes,
areolas incequales formantes; superiores liberee sporangifercee. Spo-
rangia in medio dorso venularum. Sori globosi. Indusium reni-
forme.. J. Sm.—Caudex subarborescens. Stipites semiteretes, sulcatt,
cum rhachi costaque rufo-pubescentes. Frondes bipinnate ; pinnulis
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis bast truncatis pinnatifidis, summis con-
fluentibus ; laciniis ovato-oblongis seu lineari-oblongis subfalcatis acutis
serratis, dente obtuso ad angulum sinus internum. Sort parvi, ap-
proximati, inter costam et margines laciniarum cequidistantes unise-
riales; sporangiis pilis clavatis intermistis.

184 : FILICES.

1. ProcnemiA Lreuceana, Presi.

Plocnemia Leuceana, Presi, Tent. Pterid. p. 184, t. 7, f. 12; J. Sm. in Hook. Jour.
Bot. 4, p. 184; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 97.
Polypodium Leuceanum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 361, t. 6.

Has. Samoan and Feejee Islands.

The rhizoma or trunk of this truly beautiful Fern is short, thick,
erect, and surmounted by large, spreading, bipinnate fronds, from 12
to 15 feet in length. All our specimens are prolific in sori, which
are arranged in a single row on the segments, equidistant between the
costa and margin, commencing in a line with the base of the sinus
and continuing outwards to the very point: in one or two specimens
the divisions of the fronds are shorter and more contracted than in
the usual form; and in this state of the plant there is a row of distant
and larger sori, running parallel with the costa of the pinnules and
seated on an inferior veinlet arising from the arched venules, the
former terminating in the blunt tooth at the base of the sinus.

59. CYRTOMIUM, Presi.
(Aspipit Spec. Sw., Wall.)
1. CYRTOMIUM CARYOTIDEUM, Presi.

Cyrtomium caryotideum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 86, t. 2, f. 26; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.
49, C.
Aspidium caryotideum, Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 69 (opt.).

Has. Mountains of East Maui, Sandwich Islands; rare.

This species was founded upon a Fern from the East Indies, and
figured in the Icones Filicum, of which our Sandwich Island plant is
almost a perfect counterpart; although in some of our specimens the
pinnee are sometimes three-lobed.

POLYPODIACES#. 185

60. NEPHRODIUM, Schott, Presl, J. Sm.
(Asprpirt Spec. Auct. CycLoprum, Presl.)
1. NEPHRODIUM PROPINQUUM, ft. Br.

N. stipite elongato levi angulato; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis subpetio-
latis ensiformibus acuminatis inciso-pinnatifidis apice integris basi
truncato-cuneatis, lobis triangulari-oblongis ; costa parce paleacea venis-
que pubescentibus atomis resinosis conspersis; soris submarginalibus
confluentibus ; indusio piloso.

Nephrodium propinquum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 148; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 74.
Polystichum propinquum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 330?

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee Islands. New South Wales.

Stipe elongated, usually much longer than the frond, slender, smooth,
angular, sulcate in front, and of a chestnut-brown colour. Fronds
erect, pinnate. Pinnee subpetiolate, distant at the base, crowded to-
wards the summit, somewhat alternate, smooth on the upper surface,
ensiform, slightly acuminate, incisely pinnatifid, the base truncate-
cuneate, the point entire and crenate. Costa chaffy on the under side
with a few scattered fugacious and obtuse pales, and, together with
the veins, pubescent, a few resinous globules intermingled with the short
hairs. Secondary pair of venules partially uniting at the base of the
sinus. Sori confluent, submarginal, produced only on the free venules.

Indusium hairy.

2. NEPHRODIUM RESINIFERUM, Hook. & Arn.

Nephrodium resiniferum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 105.
Aspidium resiniferum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 237.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in open marshy grounds; frequent.
47

186 FILICES.

This approaches so closely to the preceding species, that it is only
to be distinguished by the longer fronds, and the somewhat broader
pinne, divided in a pinnatifid manner, with resinous globules on the
veins beneath; and even these slight distinctions are not perfectly
constant.

3. NepHropruM MOLLE, Schott.

Nephrodium molle, Schott, ex Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 48, B, f. 1-5.
Aspidium molle, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 49? Willd. Spec. Pl. 9, p. 246.
Polystichium molle, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 326.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Savaii, Samoan Islands. Ovolau,
Feejee Islands. Luzon, Philippine Islands. Island of Madeira.

Our specimens of this from the islands in the Pacific Ocean do not
differ materially from the Madeira plant; although there are varie-
ties, originating from slight modifications in the form of the pinne,
with the surface more or less hairy. In the Samoan specimens the
pinne are lanceolate, with a narrow caudate-acuminate and toothed
point, soriferous almost to its very apex, and the costa and rhachis
densely villous on both sides; while the Feejee plant is less villous,
and the pinnee lanceolate, slightly acuminate, and bearing a profusion
‘of sori. Our Tahiti specimens are larger than the preceding varieties,
and, being very young, are consequently more flaccid, but otherwise
they very much resemble the plant from Madeira. The two inferior
segments, and particularly the upper one of the two, are considerably
larger than the rest, in all these forms.

4, NEPHRODIUM PUBESCENS, Sp. Nov.

N. stipite gracili sulcato pubescente; frondibus oblongis membranaceis
pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus alternis divaricatis infimis deflexis lineari-
lanceolatis pinnatifidis acuminatis apice integris basi truncato-cuneatis,
laciniis oblongis obtusis ; rhachi costa venisque utrinque pubescentibus ;
soris magnis inter costam et marginem cequidistantibus ; indusio rent-
formi hirsuto.

POLYPODIACES. 187

Has. Luzon, in the neighbourhood of Baiios, Philippine Islands.

Stipe slender, about a span long, nearly round, sulcate in front,
and covered with a short brown pubescence. Fronds membranaceous,
about 10 inches in length, of an oblong form, pinnate. Pinne sessile,
alternate and divaricate, the inferior two pairs deflexed, linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, pinnatifid about half way down to the costa, the base
truncate-cuneate, the point entire for about half an inch. Segments
oblong, obtuse, slightly falcate. Rhachis, costa and veins hairy on both
sides with a short, brown pubescence. Sori large, arranged in a single
row about half-way between the costa and margin of the segments,
having a kidney-shaped, hairy indusium.

In many respects this is very closely related to the WN. molle of
Schott.; but it has a much smaller frond, a shorter and more slender
stipe, and narrower pinne, the two inferior pairs considerably de-

flexed.

5, NEPHRODIUM TRANSVERSARIUM, Sp. Nov.

N. stipite sulcato rufo-tomentoso; frondibus membranaceis glabris pin-
natis; pinnis sessilibus alternis lineari-lanceolatis rectis subpinnatifidis
basi truncato-cuneatis apice integris, inferioribus brevioribus distan-
tibus, laciniis senvi-oblongis obtusis integerrimis ; costa utrinque pubes-
cente; soris numerosis transversim biserialibus confluentibus ; indusio
glabro reniform.

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands.

Stipe short, about the thickness of the little finger, swlcate in front,
and covered with a short reddish-brown tomentum. Fronds large,
membranaceous, glabrous, from 3 to 4 feet in length, in circumscription
elongated-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, pinnate. Pinne sessile-
alternate, straight and divaricate, from 6 to 8 inches long, /inear,
lanceolate and attenuated into a sharp, entire point, of about an inch
in length, the remaining part pinnatijid yearly half-way down to the
costa into semi-oblong, obtuse, slightly falcate segments, beset with very

188 FILICES.

minute tubercles on both surfaces. Costa on both sides pubescent.
Sori. numerous, transversely biserial, the lines close to the costeform
vein of the segment, becoming confluent. Indusium reniform, smooth,
and persistent.

In habit this is similar to the Aspidiwm putens of Swartz; which,
however, has an entirely free venation, and the lowest pair of seg-
ments usually much larger than the others.

6. Neruropium Hupsonianum,* Sp. Nov. (Tab. 25.)

N. stipite levi trisulcato; frondibus membranaceis pinnatis ; pinnis sub-
alternis sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis pinnatifidis utrinque
tuberculatis apice integris basi truncato-cuneatis, infimis distantibus
cordato-ovatis, laciniis oblongis obtusis subfalcatis; rhachi costaque
supra pubescentibus; soris parvis ; indusio cordato-reniformi hirsuto.

Has. Sandwich Islands: among bushes, on the margins of forests.

Stipe smooth, semiterete, trisulcate in front. Fronds large, membra-
naceous, 3 or 4 feet in length, in circumscription lanceolate and atte-
nuate at the base, pinnate, with a pinnatifid point. Pimne from 6 to
8 inches long, and 8 to 10 lines broad, subalternate, sessile, linear-
lanceolate and attenuate, pinnatifid at the base about half way down to
the costa, incisely serrate towards the point, which is entire for about
an inch; the inferior ones distant, short and cordate-ovate, all beset
with small tubercles on both sides. Segments oblong, with an obtuse,
minutely dentate apex, falcate, or sometimes straight, the margin
occasionally pubescent with a few and short scattered hairs. Ahachis
and costa pubescent above, with sparse whitish hairs. Sort small, bise-
rial, about equidistant between the costeeform vein and the margin
of the segments, having a cordate-reniform indusium, hirsute with a
few hairs in its centre.

Although very distinct, yet in some points this bears a strong
resemblance to the N. cyatheoides of J. Smith; but the fronds are
more membranaceous, and the pinnz pinnatifid, the inferior pair of

* In compliment to Captain William L. Hudson, of the United States Navy, com-
mander of the Peacock, one of the vessels of the Expedition.

POLYPODIACEZ#. 189

venules only anastomosing, and the sori, moreover, are seated at a
greater distance from the costeform vein.

Puate 25.—Fig. 1. Portions of a frond, of the natural size. la.
Section of a pinna, showing the position of the sori, and the tubercles
on the under surface. 16. Sorus. le. Indusium. 1d, d. Sporangia.
1 e. Sporules.— Magnified.

7. NepHropium unitum, R. Br. ?

Nephrodium unitum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 148? Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 48,
B, f. 6.

Aspidium unitum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 256.
Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee Islands.

There are two states of this in the collection: one with large and
somewhat lax fronds, and linear-attenuated pinnx, the inferior ones
considerably the smaller: the other form with erect and rather rigid
fronds, and shorter ensiform pinns. In both varieties the fronds are
smooth on the upper surface, and with two or three of the opposite
pairs of venules anastomosing. In this particular, as also in the fronds
being pubescent beneath, it agrees with the plant of Hooker and
Arnott, as represented in Hooker's Genera Filicum, where the sori
are shown as being produced only on the free venules; while in our
plant they are borne on the anastomosing venules alike with the free,
and are furnished with a slightly hairy indusium. We are not alto-
gether satisfied that this is truly the V. unitum of R. Brown; but
have no doubt of its being the plant of Hooker and Arnott.

8. NEPHRODIUM CYATHEOIDES, J. Sm.

Nephrodium cyatheoides, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 188.
N. Dubrueilianum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 105.
Aspidium cyatheoides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 234.

Polystichum Dubrueilianum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 333, t. 9.

Has. Sandwich Islands: along the banks of streams, frequent.
| 48

190 FILICES.

The plant is subject to variation in the depth and form of the serra-
tures of the pinne. These Kaulfuss describes as being pubescent be-
neath; but we find, among a very full suite of specimens, very few to
which this character would apply, the majority being glabrous on both
sides, although furnished with minute tubercles on the surface. The
lower 6 or 7 pairs of opposite alternate venules are angularly anasto-
mosing. Sori seated on and near to the base of the anastomosing
venules, close to the costaform vein. Indusium, like the surface of
the pinne, either naked or hairy, orbicular in form, with a deep
sinus at the point of attachment.

61. WOODSIA, R. Br. Hook., J. Sm.
(PHYSEMATIUM, Kaulf. Hymernocystis, C. A. Meyer. Potypopm Spec. Auct.)
1. Woopsta inc1sA, Hook. & Grev.

Woodsia incisa, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 191; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 63, subgen.

Perrinia.
Has. Obrajillo, Andes of Peru.

All our specimens of this, although considerably smaller, accord in
their essential characteristics with Hooker and Greville’s figure and
description of the species.

2. Woopsta Invensis, &. Br.

Woodsia Iivensis, R. Br. in Linn. Trans. 11, p. 1738; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p.
259; Hook. Spec. Fil. p. 63.

Has. Oregon; on the banks of the Columbia River, near Fort
Okonagan : in rocky places; rare.

Plant about 6 inches high, with from 20 to 30 fronds in a tuft.
Stipe, rhachis, costa, and veins crinite, and with a few large, pale-
brown, entire, chaffy scales at the base of the former.

POLYPODIACES. 191

62. LASTREA, Bory, Presl, J. Sm.
(Asprpi, Potysticui, & Nepuropir Spec. Auct. THELyprerts, Schott.)
* Fronde pinnate ; pinnis pinnatifidis.
1. LAsTREA ARTICULATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 26.)

L. rhizomate repente; stipite terett articulato rufo-spubescente ; frondibus
subcoriaceis pinnatis; pinnis sessilibus alternis oblongo-lanceolatis
pinnatifidis supra pubescentibus apice subacuto serratis basi truncato-
cuneatis, superioribus coadunatis crenato-dentatis, laciniis semi-oblongis
obtusis, costa venisque utrinque rufo-pubescentibus; soris sparsis ;
indusio reniformi-orbiculato lacero.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: in mountain forests; on rocks and
trees.

Rootstock long, slender, branched, creeping, about the thickness of a
quill from the wing of a pigeon, with a few scattered minute scales
on its surface. Stipe round, one or 2 inches long, articulated near the
base, rufous-pubescent. Fronds subcoriaceous, lance-oblong, acuminate,
from 3 to 9 inches long, pinnate at the base, towards the point pinna-
tifid, and terminating in a serrate point. Pinne sessile, alternate,
horizontal, oblong-lanceolate, most of them over an inch in length and
4 to 5 lines broad, truncate-cuneate at the base, pinnatifid about half-
way down to the costa, towards the somewhat obtuse point blunily
serrate, pubescent on the wpper surface. Segments semi-oblong, obtuse,
entire. Rhachis, costa, and veins rufous-pubescent throughout. Sori
scattered, seated on the apices of the first and second lower and
superior venules; the indusium of a pale-brown colour, and of a
round-reniform shape, its margin lacerated.

In habit this beautiful little Fern approaches, we must confess,
very near to species of Nephrolepis, as that genus is now constituted ;
but the pinne not being articulated with the rhachis, and the scat-

192 FILICES.

tered sori prove that it does not properly belong to that genus; while
the articulation of the stipe near its base shows an affinity, on the
other hand, with Oleandra.

Prats 26.—Fig. 1. Fronds, of the natural size. 1a. Upper side
of a pinna. 1%. A small portion of the same, seen from beneath,
with a perfect sorus. 1c. Sporangium.—The details more or less
magnified.

2. LASTREA DISTANS, Sp. Nov.

L. frondibus glabris pinnatis, pinnis distantibus subalternis petiolulats
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis pinnatipartitis, lacinus linearibus sub-
falcatis apice obtuse dentatis; rhachi angulata paleaceo-hirsuta ; costa
subtus squamosa ; soris parvis biserialibus ; indusio rotundato-reniformr
lacero.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: in shady forests.

Of this there is in the collection only a section, about 18 inches in
length, of what appears to have been a very long and slender frond,
which is simply pinnate. Pinne from 3 to 4 inches apart, on a short
petiole a quarter of an inch long, subalternate and horizontal, linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 8 inches long and 14 inches broad near
the truncated base, where they are pinnatifid down almost to the costa,
less so towards the point, which is entire and slightly serrate: seg-
ments linear, slightly falcate, serrate with from 3 to 4 unequal obtuse
teeth at the point. Rhachis angular, covered with entangled slender
palee and soft hairs. Costa chaffy beneath with oblong, caudate-
acuminate, reticulate, spinuose-serrate scales, of a darker colour than
the costa itself. Sori small, occupying a single row on each side
of the costa of the segments, nearer to it than to the margin, fur-
nished with a membranaceous, roundish-reniform, and slightly lace-
rated indusium.

We know not that this has heretofore been described. It differs
from the Aspidium invisum of Swartz, to which it is allied, by its
distant, horizontal, deeply pinnatifid, and petiolate pinnee.

POLYPODIACESA. 193

3. LASTREA FALCICULATA, Presi.

Lastrea falciculata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 75, t. 2, f. 3.
Aspidium falciculatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 31, t. 47.
Polystichum falciculatum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 828?

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil: in forests.

4, LASTREA PATENS, Presi.

Lastrea patens, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 75.
Aspidium patens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 49; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 32, t. 48.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Vicinity of Lima, Peru.

5. LASTREA ATTENUATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 26.)

L. stipite levi sulcato; frondibus pinnatis; pinnis alternis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis caudato-acuminatis pinnatipartitis apice serrulatis supra
glabris subtus glanduloso-pubescentibus, laciniis oblongo-lanceolatis
acutis falcatis; costa utrinque pubescente; soris parvis biserialibus ;
indusio reniformi piloso ; sporangiis sessilibus glanduliferis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests.

Stipe smooth, sulcate, with a single narrow groove in front. Fronds
3 feet and upwards in length, elongated-lanceolate, rather flaccid,
smooth on the upper surface, glandular-pubescent beneath, pinnate ;
the apex pinnatifid. Pinne distant, spreading, alternate, 5 or 6 inches
long, an inch broad, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid almost to the costa at
the base, and contracting rather gradually into a long, somewhat
caudate, finely serrate point. Segments oblong-lanceolate, acute, Jaleate,
the margin entire, recurved, with appressed hairs, the two inferior
pairs much the shortest. Ahachis and costa more densely pubescent on
the upper than on the under side; the former bearing a short and ob-

tuse black gland at the base of the petiole of the pinne on the inferior
49

194 FILICES.

side (inframarginal). Venules prominent on the upper surface. Sori
small, biserial, in rather interrupted lines, and situated nearer the
costeeform vein than the margin, furnished with a small reniform,
hairy indusium; the sessile sporangia bearing one or two clavate glands
on the side, near to the top.

PLats 26.—Fig. 2. Upper half of a frond, of the natural size. 2a.
Section of a segment, under side, with a perfect sorus. 20, Section
of the costa, showing the hairs of the upper side. 2c, 2c. Sporangia.
—The details more or less magnified.

6. LASTREA GLOBULIFERA, Sp. Nov.

L. stipite levi angulato sulcato; frondibus glabris membranaceis pin-
natis; pinnis oppositis sessilibus horizontalibus lineari-attenuatis pin-
natipartitis utrinque resinoso-atomiferis base truncatis apice repando-
dentatis, laciniis lineari-oblongis obtusis margine dentatis ; costa supra
pubescente; soris parvis submarginalibus; indusio reniformi hirsuto
margine globulis resinosis ornato.

Has. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands: in dense forests.

Fronds tufted, smooth on both sides, membranaceous and somewhat
flaccid, elongated-lanceolate, pinnate, with the point pinnatifid, usually
about 3 feet high, on a short and smooth, angular stipe, having a
single channel in front. Pinne about an inch apart, sessile, opposite
and horizontal, 4 to 6 inches long and 8 lines broad, linear, deeply
pinnatifid at the base, and tapering gradually into a repand-dentate
point, beset with numerous claret-coloured resinous globules on both
sides. Segments linear-oblong, obtuse towards the point, becoming
somewhat triangular-oblong, the inferior pair the largest, the margin
with crenules or blunt teeth. Costa on the upper side pubescent. Sori
of a golden hue, small, seated near the margin, and confined princi-
pally to the outer half of the segments. IJndusium reniform, hirsute,
entire, but margined with a row of resinous globules, which, when exa-
mined through a lens, present a very beautiful appearance.

This is very distinct from the preceding species, nor do we know of
any one to which it is closely allied.

POLYPODIACES. 195

7. LASTREA ELONGATA, Presi.

Lastrea elongata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 76.
Aspidium elongatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 55; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 269,
Nephrodium elongatum, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 234.

Has. Island of Madeira.

8. LAsTrEA TRuNCATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 27.)

L. stipite dense paleaceo-hirsuto; frondibus glabris pinnatis ; pinnis
lanceolatis acuminatis pinnatipartitis apice dentatis, laciniis lineari-
oblongis dentatis truncatis ; rhachi costaque utringue paleaceo-hirsutis ;
soris biserialibus; indusio rotundato-reniformi integerrimo sinu pro-

Sundo.

Has. Mouna Kea, Hawaii; and Mouna Haleakala, Maui, Sandwich
Islands: at an elevation of from 8,000 to 10,000 feet.

Stipe from 8 to 10 inches in length, angular, the surface thickly
covered with dense, long and narrow, rufous, paleaceous hairs. Fronds
smooth, oblong-lanceolate in outline, with a very slightly acuminated
point, pinnate. Pinne alternate, seated on a very short petiole,
lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, and terminating in an acuminated, rather
bluntly serrated or toothed point, truncate at the base, about 4 inches
long and 8 lines broad, of a paler colour on the under than upper
surface, the inferior 2 or 3 pairs rather distant and deflexed. Seg-
ments linear-oblong, very slightly falcate, truncate, with from 4 to 8
unequal sharp teeth; the inferior pair on the 3 or 4 lowermost pinne
have their margins slightly toothed or lobed. hachis and costa
paleaceous hirsute throughout. Veins on both sides considerably im-
mersed. Sori confined to the superior half of the frond, biserial, each
row about equidistant between the costeform vein of the segment
and its margin. IJndusiwm of a dark brown colour, entire, round-rent-
form, with a deep sinus at the point of attachment.

A well-marked species, but closely related to the preceding.

196 FILICES.

Puats 27.—Fig. 1. Frond, of the natural size. 1a. Dorsal view
of a portion of a pinna. 10. Section of a segment, with a single
sorus. 1c. Smaller portion of the same, showing the insertion of the
sporangia. 1d. Scale from the rhachis. le, le Sporangia.—All
more or less magnified.

x * Frondes bipinnate; pinnulis pinnatifidis vel profunde serratis.
9. LASTREA ARGUTA.

L. stipite parce paleaceo sulcato; frondibus bipinnatis ; pinnulis oblongis
obtusis apice argute serratis, infimis longioribus subpinnatifidis, lacinis
subrotundis mucronato-serratis ; soris biserialibus costee approxunatis ;
indusio rotundato-reniformi sinu profundo.

Aspidium argutum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 242; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p.
162 & 405.

Has. Oregon and California; from the Umqua River to Monterey.

Related to the L. elongata of this work; but with the pinnules
usually lobed or pinnatifid, and destitute of the resinous globules
which occur on the surface of the pinnules in that species.

10. LASTREA LATIFRONS, Sp. Nov.

L. frondibus inferne bipinnatis apice pinnatifidis membranaceis glabris ;
pinnis sessilibus subalternis adscendentibus, inferioribus pinnatis, supe-
rioribus pinnatifidis; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis subfalcatis wmciso-
lobatis decurrentibus, summis confluentibus, lobis semi-oblongis crenatis ;
rhachi cum costa infra paleacea supra rufo-pubescente ; soris solitariis
Jere marginalibus ; indusio magno rotundato-reniformi integerrimo.

Has. Oahu, Sandwich Islands: on the high mountains behind
Honolulu.

Stipes wanting. Fronds membranaceous, glabrous on both sides,
about 18 inches long, cordate-ovate, bipinnate at the base, towards the

POLYPODIACEA. 197

extremity simply pinnate, with a slightly prolonged pinnatifid point ;
inferior 3 or 4 pairs of pinnee sessile, ascending, pinnate at the base,
while towards the point they are decurrent and deeply pinnatifid,
with a bluntly serrated point: pinnules from one to 2 inches in
length and 4 to 5 lines broad, lance-oblong, subfalcate, incisely-lobed
or obtusely and deeply serrate; the lobes semi-oblong, incurved, and
erenate. thachis (main and secondary) beset with scattered, slender,
reticulated palece on the under side, the upper with a short brown
pubescence. Sori solitary, and arranged in an irregular line near the
margin of the pinnules, seated close to the base of the sinus of the
lobes. Indusvum large, round-reniform, entire, with a deep sinus at
the point of attachment.

11. LastREA PALLENS, Sp. Nov.

L. stipite suleato crebre paleaceo; frondibus membranaceis bipinnatis
apice pinnatifidis ; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis sew lanceolatis utrin-
que strigoso-hirsutis, inferioribus spetiolatis pinnatifidis, superioribus
sessilibus decurrentibus serratis, laciniis triangulari-oblongis acutis
subfalcatis ; rhachi cum costa paleacea; soris parvis sparsis ; imdusio
rotundato-reniformi lacero.

Has. Forests near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stipe a little over a foot in length, about the thickness of a goose-
quill, slightly compressd, sulcate in front, shaggy with the long and
slender brown pale, which almost conceal its surface. Fronds mem-
branaceous, about 2 feet long, ovate and acuminate in outline, of a
‘paler colour on the under than upper surface, bipinnate at the base,
towards the point decreasing gradually in the number and deepness
of its divisions, and terminating in a deeply pinnatifid point: pinnules
from one to 13 inches long, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, subfalcate,
with a very slight inclination to a trapezoidal form; the inferior ones
somewhat petiolate and deeply pinnatifid; the superior sessile, bluntly
serrate, both strigose with short appressed hairs, but most so on the
upper surface. Rhachis (primary and secondary) together with the
costa of the pinnules, furnished with scattered palew appressed to the
surface. Veins dichotomous. Sori punctiform, scattered and distant,

with a small, lacerated, fugacious, rownd-reniform indusium.
50

198 FILICES.

x * * Fronde tripinnate vel subtripinnate.
12. LASTREA SQUAMIGERA.
Nephrodium squamiyerum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 106?

Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Eimeo, Society
Islands. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

The fronds of this in our collection are flaccid, and, together with
the stipe, from 3 to 4 feet high, subtripinnate at the base, upwards
bipinnate, with a simply pinnatifid point. Pinnules oblong, obtuse,
somewhat falcate, decurrent at the base, pinnatifid. Stipe, rhachis,
and costa beneath concealed by numerous pale, chaffy, reticulated,
fimbriate scales, appressed to the surface; the secondary rhachis above
with a brownish short pubescence. Sori small, seated about equi-
distant between the costeform vein and the margin of the segments,
provided with a delicate, reniform, hirsute, fimbriated indusium.

We have but little doubt that this is the Nephrodiwm squamigerum
of Hooker and Arnott. Our specimens from the Feejee Islands
agree more fully with their description than does the single one from
the Sandwich Islands, which is rather young; the scales on the
rhachis and costa of the latter are more numerous and broader than
on the former; but there is no character that we can discover which
would justify us in considering the plants from the three habitats as
distinct from each other, or from the species to which we have
referred them.

13. LASTREA VELUTINA.

Aspidium velutinum, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 70; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 367.

Has. Northern island of New Zealand: in forests, on the margin of
an extinct crater.

The stipe of this species is almost twice the length of the frond,

POLYPODIACEZ. 199

slender, with 3 or 4 shallow grooves in front, and beset with brown
glandular hairs. Fronds broadly-ovate, cordate, acuminate, subtri-
pinnate at the base, about the middle bipinnate, with a pinnatifid
point. Pinnules subpinnatifid, oblong-lanceolate, acute, and, with the
rhachis and costa on both sides, rufous-tomentose. Sori very small.

14, LASTREA TENUIFOLIA, Sp. Nov.

L. stipite angulato squamoso-hirsuto ; frondibus membranaceis basi fere
tripinnatis sursum bipinnatis apice pinnatifido; pinnulis oblongo-
lanceolatis acutis pinnatipartitis basi obliquis adnato-decurrentibus,
laciniis lineari-oblongis, inferioribus inciso-serratis ; rhachi costa venis-
que utrinque paleaceis glanduloso-hirsutis ; soris parvis ; imdusio reni-
form lacero.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: in mountain forests.

Stipe a little over a foot in length, about the thickness of a crow-
quill, obtusely angled, furnished with glandular, articulated hairs,
intermingled with slender brownish scales. Fronds membranaceous,
about equal in length with the stipe, triangular-ovate, ending in a
narrow, acuminate, pinnatifid point, and slightly cordate at the base,
where they are subtripinnate, bipinnate about the middle. Pinnules
about 14 inches long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, deeply pinnatifid. Seg-
ments linear-oblong, acute, the inferior ones deeply serrated, or even
pinnatifid on many of the pinnules, the lower and inferior one the
shortest, adnate, decurrent, triangular. Rhachis, costa, and veins on
both sides beset with numerous slender scales and short glandular
hairs, of a brownish colour. Sort numerous, small, rather distant,
seated about equidistant between the costeform vein and the margin
of the segments. Indusiwm reniform and much lacerated.

This apparently is nearly related to Aspidiwm tenuisectum of Blume.

15. LASTREA GLABELLA.
Nephrodium glabellum, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 367.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand : in humid forests.

200 FILICES,

Stipe about 15 inches long, as thick as a crowquill, naked and
sulcate in front, with a few narrow scales at the base. Fronds of a
lively green colour, from 12 to 15 inches long, broad-ovate, acumi-
nate, somewhat cordate at the base, where they are tripinnate, bipin-
nate about the middle. Pinne alternate, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate,
and tapering rather gradually into a finely serrate point. Pinnules
petiolate, somewhat rhomboidal-oblong, acute, incisely-serrate, the in-
ferior ones pinnatifid, beset with very minute, appressed, glandular
hairs on both surfaces. Rhachis on the upper side almost concealed
by a brownish pubescence. Sori rather large when contrasted with
the narrow divisions of the fronds, with a flat round-reniform indu-
sium, having a deep sinus at the point of attachment.

16. LASTREA MULA.

Aspidium emulum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 60; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 283.
Polystichum cemulum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 83.

Has. Pico Ruivo, island of Madeira.

Pres] places this in his genus Polystichum, the species of which
have an orbicular and peltate indusium. But in our plant, which we
take for the true A. emulwm of Swartz, we find the indusium to be
reniform, and the consistence of its fronds also agrees with other true
species of Lastrea, to which genus we therefore refer it. ,

17. LasrrEA GLABRA, Sp. Nov.

L. stipite gracili parce paleaceo; frondibus membranaceis glabris tripin-
natis; pinnis primariis subalternis; pinnulis rhomboideo-oblongis
obtusis inciso-lobatis, infimis profunde pinnatifidis, lobis semi-oblongis
spinuloso-serratis; soris parvis submarginalibus ; indusio rotundato-
reniformi integerrimo.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in elevated forest lands of Hawaii and
Oahu.

Fronds membranaceous, smooth on both sides, tripinnate, triangular-

POLYPODIACEZ. O01

bend

ovate, acuminate, and varying from one to 14 feet in length, with a
stipe which is usually a little shorter than itself, swlcate in front,
sparsely chaffy with large, brown, attenuated palew, which are some-
what crowded and imbricated at the base. Ultimate divisions of
the frond or pinnules crowded, oblong, obtuse, half an inch to an
inch in length, incisely lobed or pinnatifid. Segments nearly oblong,
meisely lobed or serrate, with a single sorus seated near the base of the
sinus. Sort small, submarginal, sometimes confluent; the indusium
round-reniform and entire.

This is a very neat and delicate Fern in all its parts, and is not
unlike some of the more deeply divided forms of Aspidiwm dilatatum,
Swartz.

18, LASTREA RUBIGINOSA, Sp. Nov.

LL. stipite angulato sulcato paleaceo-hirsuto; frondibus subcoriaceis basi
tripinnatis sursum bipinnatis; pinnis primartis sessilibus suboppositis,
secundariis oblongo-lanceolatis; pinnulis laciniisve lineari-oblongis
obtusis subfalcatis crenatis; rhachi rufo-hirsuta; costa venisque utrin-
que piloso-glandulosis; soris coste approximatis magnis solitarits ;.
indusio coriaceo rotundato-reniformi integerrimo.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in dense humid forests.

Whole plant of a rusty brown colour. Stipe 10 to 12 inches in
length, angular, sulcate in front, chaffy with copious, slender, dark-
brown palex intermingled with the hairs, the latter extending to the
main rhachis. Sronds one to 12 feet in length, in circumscription
triangular-ovate, tripimnate at the base, bipinnate about the middle, sub-
coriaceous; the divisions rather crowded. Primary pinne sessile,
nearly opposite, divaricate and direct; the secondary ones oblong-
lanceolate, the inferior pinnate, the superior deeply pinnatifid or lobed.
Pinnules or segments linear-oblong, obtuse, subfalcate, crenate, from
3 to 6 lines long and 13 to 2 lines broad; the inferior pair always the
longest and broadest. Costa and veins beset with amber-coloured,
glandular hairs on both sides. Sori large, solitary, forming a single

51

902 FILICES.

row on each side, placed near the costa of the pinnules or segments,
furnished with a flat, entire, firm, rownd-reniform indusium.

A well-marked species, readily distinguished by its rusty appear-
ance, and by the large subcostal sori.

x x x » Frondes decomposite, divisionibus tripinnatis.
19, LASTREA DAVALLIOIDES, Sp. Nov.

L. stipite tereti scabro basi squamoso ; frondibus subcoriaceis decompositis,
divisionibus tripinnatis; pinnis primarus et secundariis oblongis
acuminatis ; pinnulis rhomboideo-lanceolatis pinnatifidis, lacinis lan-
ceoluto-linearibus acutis inciso-serratis ; rhachi cum costa furfuraceo-
hirsuta; soris solitariis; indusio rotundato-reniformi integerrimo.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests.

Stipe 2 feet and upwards in length, about the thickness of a quill
from the wing of a swan, perfectly round, firm, slightly scabrous, chaffy
with long and slender palex at the base. Fronds large and spreading,
subcoriaceous, smooth on both sides, somewhat shining above, decom-
pound, the primary and secondary divisions of the branches termina-
ting in a sharply serrate point. Pinnules usually less than an inch in
length, somewhat rhombic-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, decurrent. Seg-
ments lance-linear, acute, and cut into 8 to 5 sharp teeth. Rhachis
throughout and costa of the laciniee /furfuraceous-hirsute with short
brown hairs. Sori small and solitary, seated on the middle of the
teeth near their base; furnished with a persistent, rownd-reniform,
entire indusium.

In habit and general appearance this is very much like Davallia
elata of Swartz. It is closely related to the Aspidiwm expansum of
Willdenow.

63. POLYSTICHUM, Roth, Presl, J. Sm.
(Asprpt Spec. Sw. & Auct. Trcrarra, Cav. Rumonra, Raddi.)

Polystichum aculeatum and P. Lonchitis may be considered the types

POLYPODIACEAZA. | 903.

of this genus, which embraces a large number of species of a rigid
habit, the ultimate divisions of their fronds usually spinulose.

* Frondes pinnate.

1. Potysticaum Loncurtis, Roth.

Polystichum Lonchitis, Roth, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 224.

Has. Pico Ruivo, island of Madeira.

In our few specimens the pinnse are much less mucronately serrate
than in the usual European form of the species.

2. PotysticHum munitTuM, Presl.

Polystichum munitum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 83.
Aspidium munitum, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 286; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p.
162 & 405; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 261.

Has. Oregon and California; from Puget Sound to San Francisco :
in forests, near the sea-coast.

Although there is a considerable resemblance between this and the
P. (Aspidium) acrostichioides, yet it is nevertheless readily distin-
guished from that species, by its taller and more rigid fronds, with
linear-lanceolate pinnse, the fertile ones not at all contracted, their
‘margin mucronately serrate with appressed and sometimes bidentate
serratures, and the large sori, arranged in a single row nearer to the
margin of the pinne than to the costa. The sori ultimately become
confluent.

3. PoLySTICHUM MOHRIOIDES, Presl.

Polystichum mohrioides, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 83.

Aspidium mohrioides, Bory, in Mem. Soc. Linn. Par. 4, p. 597, & in Duperr. Voy. p-
267, t. 35.

Aspidium (Polystichum) mohrioides, Hook. f. Fl. Antare. 2, p. 392, t. 149.

204 FILICES.

Has. Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego: among loose rocks.

The specimens are smaller and more condensed than those figured
by Bory St. Vincent; the fronds being only 3 or 4 inches high, and
much smaller than the Magellanic form so admirably figured by Dr.
Hooker.

x x Frondes bipinnate.
4, PotysticHum HALEAKALENSE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 28.)

P. stipite paleaceo et hirsuto; frondibus bipinnatis; pinnis alternis
subsessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis ; pinnulis rhomboideo-oblongis acutis
inciso-lobatis, lobis spinuloso-dentatis ; rhachi costa venisque paleaceo-
villosis ; soris magnis ; indusio orbiculart peltato membranaceo lacero.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on Mouna Kea, Hawaii, and Mouna
Haleakala, Kast Maui.

Rootstock globose and paleaceous. Stipe from 4 to 6 inches long,
about the thickness of a crowquill, angular, of a pale straw-colour,
partially covered by long lanceolate, attenuated, spinulose-dentate
palee, intermingled with hairs. Fronds from 6 inches to a foot in
length, in circumscription elongated-lanceolate, somewhat flaccid
and slender, but erect, bipinnate. Pinne alternate, oblong-lanceolate,
seated on a very short petiole, the inferior ones rather distant and
deflexed. Pinnules about half an inch in length, somewhat rhombic-
oblong, acute, the superior half the larger; lower pinnules deeply
pinnatifid; the upper ones incisely lobate; the lobes terminated by sharp
teeth. LEthachis, costa, and veins thickly beset with paleaceous hairs, Sort
large, scattered, confluent with age, and concealing nearly the whole
of the under surface of the pinnules; the indusium membranaceous,
orbicular and peltate, its margin lacerated.

This is allied to the following species, from which however it is suf-
ficiently distinct, in the much smaller size of the whole plant, the
shorter pinne, and the deeper incised pinnules.

Pirate 28.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. Pinnule,

POLYPODIACE &. 2.05

showing its under surface. 16. Dorsal view of a small portion of
the same, with a single entire sorus. lc. The indusium, with a
scale in its centre. 1d. A scale, from the costa. le. A scale,
from the stipe. 1/, f Sporangia—The details all more or less
magnified.

5. PoLysticHum vEstituM, Presi.

"Polystichum vestitum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 83; Montag. Bot. Voy. Astrol. & Zelee
(18438), t. 4, f. 8.

Aspidium vestitum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 53; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 261; Kaulf. Enum.
Fil. p. 241; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 68; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 2, p. 8364; Hook. f. Fl. Antare. 2, p. 392.

Has. Tierra del Fuego.

6. PotysticHuM vENUSTUM, Montag.

Polystichum venustum, Montag. Bot. Voy. Astrol. & Zelee (1848), t. 5,f, M&N.
Aspidium venustum, Hook. f. Fl. Antare. 1, p. 106.

‘Has. Auckland Islands.

There is between this and the preceding species a very strong
resemblance: the difference between the two principally consists in
the present plant having more rigid fronds, broader palex on the
rhachis, shorter and less attenuated pinne, and the pinnules not so
deeply lobed; yet we have states of P. vestitwm, from Tierra del
Fuego, between which and the present species it is difficult to discover
any difference.

7. PouysticHUM ACULEATUM, Loth.

Polystichum aculeatum, Roth, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 258.
Aspidium aculeatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 53.

Has. Island of Madeira.
52

206 FILICES.

8. PoLysTICHUM PLATYPHYLLUM, Pres! ?

P. stipite sulcato paleaceo-hirsuto; frondibus bipinnatis apice pinnatis ;
pinnis subpetiolatis alternis adscendentibus ; pinnulis glabris trape-
zoideo-oblongis acutis spinuloso-serratis basi supra auriculatis ; rhachi
cum costa rufo-villosa ; soris magnis solitartis sparsis.

Polystichum platyphyllum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 84? .
Aspidium platyphyllum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 255.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Stipe a foot and upwards in length, sulcate in front, chaffy-hirsute
with long, brown, entangled, slender pales. Fronds about 20 inches
in length, elongated-lanceolate, somewhat flaccid, bipinnate for more
than two-thirds of its whole length, towards the point simply pinnate.
Inferior pinne distant and subalternate, the upper ones alternate,
approximate, ascending, seated on a very short petiole, oblong-lanceo-
late and attenuated into a deep and sharply serrate point. Pinnules
smooth on both sides, of a lively green colour, subcoriaceous, from 8
to 10 lines long and 5 to 6 lines broad, trapezoidal-oblong, slightly
faleate, acute, spinulose-serrate, the superior base auriculate-lobed.
Rhachis (main and secondary) villous on both sides, together with the
costeeform veins beneath, with copious brown hairs. Sori large and
solitary, rather sparse: the indusium so obliterated that its form
cannot be distinctly made out in the specimens.

We have little doubt that this is the Aspidiwm platyphyllum of
Willdenow; although the pinnules of our plant are somewhat larger
than he describes them.

9. PoLysTicHUM CORIACEUM, Schott.

P. stipite aspero paleaceo; frondibus subbipinnatis coriaceis glabris ;
pinnis alternis lanceolatis acuminatis basi pinnatis; pinnulis ovato-
oblongis acutis vel lanceolatis argute serratis ; rhachi cum costa crinito-
paleacea; soris solitariis subseriatis; indusio magno peltato integer-
rumo.

POLYPODIACE 4S. 207

sol

Polystichum coriaceum, Schott, ex Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 84.

Aspidium coriaceum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 75, excl. syn. nisi Forst.; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p- 268, pro parte; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 148; A. Rich. Bot, Voy.
Astrol. p. 71; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 344.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

Stipe from a span to a foot in length, slightly compressed, with a
shallow groove in front, rough to the touch, chaffy with copious, large,
blackish, entire, attenuated scales at the base, more sparsely palea-
ceous above. Jronds usually about the same length as the stipe,
rigid, coriaceous, triangular-oblong and acuminate, both sides alike in
colour, smooth, somewhat bipinnate, that is, the alternate pinnee are
pinnate at the base and pinnatifid towards the point, which is acumi-
nated and sharply serrate. Pinnules or segments from one to two
and a half inches in length, oblique, either ovate-oblong and acute, or
lanceolate, sharply serrate, sometimes crenate-dentate, beset with dots
or raised points on the upper side, opposite the sori. hachis and
costa crinite-paleaceous. Sori solitary, somewhat in rows. Indusiwim
large, peltate, entire.

This is subject to much variation in the number of the divisions of
its fronds and the form of its pinnules. Mr. Brown describes the
fronds as decomposite and deltoid, and A. Richard as subbipinnate ;
and to states of the plant described by the latter, ours approaches
very closely.

x x * Frondes decomposite vel tripinnate.
10. PoLYysTICHUM DISCOLOR.

P. stipite levi sulcato paleaceo; frondibus coriaceis decompositis trian-
gulari-ovatis, divisionibus tripinnatis ; pinnulis petiolulatis lanceolatis
lobato-serratis, infimis pinnatipartitis, laciniis oblongis obtusis dentibus
latis serratis; soris magnis solitariis; indusio orbiculart peltato inte-
gerrvmo.

Aspidiwm discolor, Langsd. & Fisch. Ie. Fil. p. 16.
Rumohra aspidioides, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 28, t. 43; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 346.

208 / FILICES.
Has. Organ Mountains, and vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Stipe smooth, usually longer than the frond, about the thickness of
a goosequill, rounded behind, angular and sulcate in front, chaffy with
broad and membranaceous brown pales, which, on being removed,
leave a small black dot at the point of attachment. Fronds from one
to 2 feet in length, and as much in breadth at their base, ¢riangular-
ovate and decompound ; the branches tripinnate, coriaceous, smooth on
both sides, and of a much paler colour on the lower surface: the
ultimate divisions or pinnules petiolulate, lanceolate, a little unequal at
the base and lobate-serrate, the inferior ones deeply pinnatifid. Segments
oblong, obtuse, toothed with very broad serratures. Primary rhachis,
together with that of the ultimate divisions, pilose-paleaceous. Sort
large and solitary, with a round, peltate, entire, caducous indusium.

Kaaulfuss has united this to the preceding species; but, although the
two have some points in common, they are nevertheless distinct.
The present species has large and decompound fronds, of a much
paler colour on the under than upper surface, smoother stipes, and a
larger, entire, caducous indusium.

11. PotysticHum uispipum, J. Sm.

Polystichum hispidum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 199.
Aspidium hispidum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 56; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 266; A. Rich. Bot.
Voy. Astrol. p. 69; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 367.

Has. Forests, in the vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

An elegant and rather remarkable species, on account of its dark
brown, hispid stipes, ustally about the same length as the frond, with
a single groove in front; the cross section reniform. Fronds almost
invariably tripinnate, at least at the base, bearing a profusion of large
sori; each serrature or incision having a single sorus near its base.

64. DIDYMOCHLAENA, Desv..

(Aspipit Spee. Sw. & Auct. Tecunarta, Reinw. Drptazit Spec. Raddi. Mono-
CHLENA, Gaud.)

POLYPODIACESE. 209

1. DipymocHLanaA sinuosa, Desv.

Didymochiceena sinuosa, Desv. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 184; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 8.
Aspidium truncatulum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 52; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 156.
Diplazium pulcherrimum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 42, t. 59.

Monochlena sinuosa, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 340, t. 12.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro: in forests. Feejee Islands;
at an altitude of 2,000 feet.

Plant with a trunk one to 14 feet high and from 10 to 15 inches
in diameter, to which the base of the old stipes remain attached,
crowned with from 8 to 12 erect fronds, which vary from 4 to 7 feet
in length, and are of a paler colour on the under than upper surface.

We were not a little astonished and delighted on detecting, in the
mountain forests of the Feejee Islands, this Fern, which we had pre-
viously found in Brazil, and supposed to be indigenous to the latter
country only. The plants from both countries are identically the
same, with the slight difference, that the Feejee plant is somewhat
the smaller of the two.

65. NEPHROLEPIS, Schott, Presl.

(Asprpit Spec. Sw: & Auct. Nepuropi Spec. R. Br., Gaud.)
1. NEPHROLEPIS REPENS, Sp. Nov.

N. rhizomate filiformi repente; frondibus sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis
pinnatis ; pinnis membranacers glabris lineari-oblongis obtusis dentatis,
basi supra truncato-auriculata rhachi pubescenti parallela infra via
cuneata; soris magnis; imdusio cordato-reniformi integerrimo.

Has. Feejee Islands: on trunks of trees.

Rootstock long and slender, creeping, branched, about the thickness
58

210 FILICES.

of a quill from the wing of a sparrow, firm, and clothed with round,
peltate, lacerated, brown scales and short fibrils, by which it clings to
the bark of trees. Fronds scattered, destitute of any proper stipe,
from 4 inches to a span long, linear-lanceolate and pinnate. Pinne
membranaceous, smooth on both sides, distant, from 6 to 8 lines long
and 2 to 4 lines broad, subsessile, linear-oblong, obtuse; sterile ones
entire, the fertile bluntly toothed; their superior base trwncate-cuneate
and parallel with the rhachis, the inferior one slightly cuneate; a few
scattered hairs on the costeeform vein on the upper side. Fhachis
canaliculate and pubescent. Sori large, submarginal, 6 to 8 on the
upper, and 3 to 5 on the lower margin of the pinnx. Indusium
entire, its form somewhat between cordate and reniform.

The creeping rootstock of this very neat little species ascends the
trunks of trees; unlike other species of the genus whieh have come
under our notice.

2. NEPHROLEPIS OBTUSIFOLIA, Presl ?

N. stipite brevi canaliculato paleaceo-hirsuto ; frondibus erectis pinnatis ;
pinnis sessilibus horizontalibus oblongis obtusis dentato-serratis, basi
supra truncato-auriculata infra subcordata; rhachi pilosa ; soris sub-
marginalibus; indusio reniformi.

Nephrolepis obtusifolia, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 807
Aspidium obtusifolium, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 231; Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 145.

Has. Ovolau, and vicinity of Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands.

Fronds erect, 6 to 8 in a cluster, from 15 to 18 inches high, linear,
attenuated at both ends, pinnate, with a slender, short stipe, of 12 or 2
inches in length, beset with brown paleaceous hairs, and having a
shallow channel in front, which is deeper in the hairy rhachis. Pinne
sessile, horizontal, approximate, from 6 to 8 lines long and 2 to 23%
lines broad, oblong, obtuse, the margin in the sterile ones finely, in the
fertile bluntly dentate-serrate; the superior base truncate and slightly
auriculate, the inferior subcordate. Sori seated close to the margin,
from 6 to 8 on the superior and as many on the inferior margin,

POLYPODIACEA. 211

marked with corresponding faint chalky-looking dots on the upper
surface. Indusiwm reniform.

3. NEPHROLEPIS EXALTATA, Schott.

Nephrolepis exaltata, Schott, ex Hook. Gen Fil. t. 35.

Aspidium exaltatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 45; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 229; Raddi, Plant.
Brasil. p. 30, t. 46; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 236.

Nephrodium exaltatum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 336.

Has. Sandwich Islands.

The figure of the Brazilian plant by Raddi is a very fair repre-
sentation of that of the Sandwich Islands; where it occurs very fre-
quently on the outskirts of forests and among bushes, on shady banks
and on the steep ridges, so common in that country.

4, NEPHROLEPIS PENDULA, J. Sm.

Nephrolepis pendula, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 197.
Aspidium pendulum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 30, t. 45.
Nephrodium pendulum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 337.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

This so much resembles the preceding species, that it might with
no great impropriety be viewed as a mere form of it; the difference
consisting principally in the more membranaceous, narrower, subfal-
cate and slightly deflexed pinne of the present plant. The latter
character depends very much upon the position and direction of the
frond when growing, whether pendent, inclined, or erect; and the
texture of the pinne we know to be affected by the greater or less
degree of shade and moisture to which the plant is exposed.

5. NEPHROLEPIS HIRSUTULA, Presl ?

Nephrolepis hirsutula, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 79?
Aspidium hirsutulum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 45 & 241; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 232.
Nephrodium hirsutulum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 339.

912 FILICES.

Has. Samoan and Feejee Islands. Tongatabu, Friendly Islands.
Luzon, Philippine Islands.

There is a great similarity in the general habit of the species com-
prised under this genus. In the present plant the fronds vary from
3 to 5 feet in height, with a round and rufous paleaceous-hirsute
stipe and rhachis, having a shallow furrow in front. Pinne at the
base of the frond rather distant, sessile, and sterile; the intermediate
and superior ones more approximate and fertile, from 2 to 4 inches in
length, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, dentate-serrate, the teeth irregular
in size; the superior base truncate-auriculate (the auricle somewhat
oblong and obtuse), the inferior base rounded, and with yellowish-
brown paleaceous hairs on both sides. Sori large, solitary, and sub-
marginal, with small pits of a blackish colour on the upper surface
opposite them. Indusium round-reniform and persistent.

6. NEPHROLEPIS SPLENDENS, Presl ?

Nephrolepis splendens, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 79.7?
Aspidium splendens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 220.
Nephrodium splendens, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 337.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Mangsi
Islands.

This is a noble and very distinct species, with pinnate fronds,
varying in height from 4 to 8 feet: stipe paleaceous at the base, naked
and smooth towards the summit, and, together with the rhachis,
having a shallow furrow in front. Pinnze linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, usually straight, but sometimes a little falcate, the margin
bluntly and irregularly serrate, the base obtusely cuneate, from 4 to
9 inches long, half an inch to an inch broad, smooth on both sides,
membranaceous or subcoriaceous, according to the exposure of the
plant to the light when growing, with a line of dark concave spots on
the upper surface opposite the sori, having a white dot in the centre
of each, and a row of still smaller white dots at the termination of
the venules within the margin: the superior base of the pinne in the
Tahiti and Samoan plants is truncate and somewhat auriculate. Sori

POLYPODIACESA. 318

large, in a single row about 2 lines breadth within the margin. In-
dusium round-reniform and entire.

7. NEPHROLEPIS BISERRATA, Presi ?

Nephrolepis biserrata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 79?
Aspidium biserratum ? Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 46 & 242; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 281.

Has. Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands.

This, though much smaller in all its parts, approaches very closely
to the NV. splendens, of which it may possibly be only a well-marked
variety; but the single specimen we possess does not enable us to
decide this point. The pinne are shorter and narrower, and have
a much more attenuated point; the margin is bluntly-serrate, the
serratures bidentate; the superior base truncate-cuneate, the inferior
rounded; both sides are smooth, and without the chalky dots on
the upper surface; and the sori are a little closer to the margin than
in NV. splendens.

66. OLEANDRA, Qu.

(AspIpII Spec. Sw. & Auct. Neruronta, Don.)

1. OLEANDRA NERIIFORMIS, Cav.

O. rhizomate tereti ramoso squamoso; stipite brevi basi articulato; fron-
dibus fasciculatis glabris coriaceis lineari-lanceolatis acumimatis ; soris
approximatis uniserialibus coste proxiums; indusio reniformi inte-
gerrumo persistente.

Oleandra neriiformis, Cay. ex J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 197.
Aspidium. neriiforme, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 42 & 237; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 213; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jav. fase. 2, p. 140.

Has. Ovolau, and vicinity of Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands; at

the altitude of 2,000 feet.
54

914 FILICES.

Whole plant from 3 to 5 feet high, growing in groups in open
situations, in company with Drynaria Horsfieldit. Rootstock erect,
round, much branched, about a quarter of an inch in diameter, brittle
and hollow, the surface studded with the persistent portion of the
stipes below the articulation, and beautifully imbricated with slender,
attenuated, fimbriate, blackish scales. Dronds smooth, in tufts of from
4 to 12 in number, at the extremities of the branches, with a stipe
nearly an inch in length, articulated near its base, linear-lanceolate,
tapering gradually into a slender point, coriaceous, from 8 to 10
inches long and 10 lines broad; the margin somewhat wavy; young
fronds clothed with soft hairs on both sides, which disappear in age,
and with a few scattered slender pales: on the costa beneath. Veins
forking near the costa, or sometimes simple. Sort approximate,
forming a continuous regular row close to the costa, furnished with a
brown, persistent, reniform, entire indusium.

There is not, perhaps, among the whole family of Ferns a more
remarkable or striking species than this: its peculiar, hard, erect,
branching rootstock, bearing its leaves or fronds in tufts at the extre-
mities, reminding one, in the living state, more of a Nerium Oleander,
or a Willow, than of a Fern.

2. OLEANDRA HIRTA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 29.)

O. rhizomate repente paleaceo; stipite paleaceo-hirsuto medio articulato ;
frondibus membranaceis lanceolatis acutis basi attenuatis utrinque
piloso-hirsutis ; costa subtus parce paleacea. ; soris fere biserialibus trre-
gularibus ; indusio reniformi integerrimo parce piloso.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on rocks and trees; rare.

Rootstock long and creeping, about the thickness of a crowquill,
glaucous, clothed with slender, brown, spinulose-serrate palee, and
with distant, long, brown, pubescent fibrils. Stipe slender, paleaceous-
hirsute, from 2 to 4 inches long, articulated about the middle. Fronds
scattered, from 15 to 18 inches in length, 1? inches broad, lanceolate,
with a slightly acute point and an attenuated base, membranaceous,
pilose-hirsute on both sides; the costa beneath round, black, and promi-

POLYPODIACES. 215

nent, with a shallow furrow on the upper side, paleaceous-hirsute, the
scattered and slender, fimbriate pales intermingled with the hairs.
Veins sometimes simple, but usually forked once or twice; and some-
times two opposite venules are angularly united, thereby forming elon-
gated areoles. Sori solitary, forming a transverse and prominent
wregular line, which sometimes appears as if double, parallel with
the costa and 2 to 3 lines distant from it. Indusium of a brown
colour, reniform and entire, with a few hairs near its centre.

This is nearly related to the O. pilosa of Hooker, the base of a
frond of which, with a section of the same showing the sori, is figured
in his Genera Filicum. Our plant has a longer stipe, articulated
about the middle; the fronds have a long attenuated base, and an
entire, not ciliated indusium.

Puate 29.—Fig. 1. Portion of the plant, of the natural size. 1a.
Section of a frond. 16. Smaller portion, with a single sorus. 1c.
Scale from the rootstock. 1d. Hairs from the surface of the frond.
le, e. Sporangia.—The details more or less magnified.

Trizsze VI. DICKSONIEA, J. Su.
67. ISOLOMA, J. Sm.
(Linpsam Spec. Wall., Presl, Hook. & Grev.)

1. IsoLoma LANUGINOSA, J. Sm.

I. rhizomate brevi erecto; stipite semitereto antice unisulcato paleaceo-
hirsuto; frondibus cceespitosis lineari-lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis plu-
rimis approximatis swhcoriaceis oblongo-ellipticis lanceolatisve sub-
falcatis obtusis vel subacutis basi truncato-auriculatis articulatis lana
decidua utrinque tomentosis; costa centrali; venis patentibus apice
intra marginem cretaceo-punctigeris ; soris marginalibus continuis.

216 FILICES.

Lsoloma tanuginosa, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 421; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 102.
Lindseea (Eulindsea) lanuginosa, Wall. ex Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 210.

Has. Matia or Aurora Island, Society Group.

Rootstock short, erect (4 or more inches high), covered with the base
of the old stipes, and throwing out all round strong lateral roots,
which support it in an erect position. Stipe 6 to 12 inches long,
often as thick as a swan’s quill, nearly round, with a single groove m
front, which continues up the rhachis; the surface in a recent state
concealed with reddish-brown pale, intermingled with matted hairs,
which finally disappear. Fronds from one to 4 feet in height, usually
erect, and growing in tufts, linear-lanceolate, pinnate; the young ones
having a rusty appearance from the presence of reddish-brown deci-
duous scales and matted woolly hairs on both sides. Pinne numerous,
close together, subcoriaceous, oblong-elliptical or lanceolate, subfalcate,
obtuse or slightly acute at the point, and truncate-auriculate at the base,
where they are articulated with the rhachis, furnished with a row of
white chalky dots at the points of the veins on the upper surface just
within the margin. Sori marginal, continuous, usually confined to
those pinne situated on the upper half of the frond.

The cretaceous intramarginal line of dots on the upper surface of
the pinnex, the articulation of the latter with the rhachis, and the
habit and general appearance of the whole plant, present a strong
resemblance to species of the genus Nephrolepis, Schott.

68. SCHIZOLOMA, Gaud., Presl.

(Linpsa Spec. Dryand., Sw., Kaulf. Preripis Spec. Auct.)
1. Scutzotoma AGAtI,* Sp. Nov. (Tab. 30.)

S. rhizomate brevi repente; stipite levi triquetro basi paleaceo; fron-
dibus erectis glabris lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis remotis petiolatis

* This species is dedicated to the memory of Mr. A. T. Agate, one of the artists of
the Expedition.

POLYPODIACEA. 217

suboppositis patentibus lineari-ensiformibus obtusis margine integer-
rimis basi obliquis cuneatis superne subauriculatis; soris continuis ;
ndusio proprio margine subequali.

Has. Feejee Islands: in open grassy places.

Rhizoma short and creeping, about the thickness of a crowquill.
Fronds few, erect and tufted, from 10 to 12 inches long, lanceolate,
smooth, pinnate, with a very slender, smooth, triangular stipe of about
the same length, bearing a few scattered, reticulated, slender scales at
base. Pinne distant, subopposite, linear-ensiform, seated on a short
petiole, 15 to 30 in number, 2 to 3 inches long by 3 lines broad,
obtuse at the pot, and with an oblique, rather bluntly wedge-shaped
base, the superior half with a round auricle, the texture inclining to
membranaceous. Venation rather obscure, the venules slender and
forming elongated oblique areoles. Sori continuous; the special indu-
swum nearly equal with the margin.

This is related to Lindsca ensifolia, Swartz, as figured by Hooker
and Greville in their Icones Filicum; but it differs in the longer and
broader fronds, and the more numerous pinns, which have an ob-
lique and subauriculate superior base. It is also closely allied to the
Schizoloma Billardiert of Gaudichaud.

Puate 30.—Fig. 1. Frond, of the natural size. la. Section of a
pinna, with the indusium turned back, to show the sporangia. 1 0.
Scales from base of the stipe. 1c. A sporangium. 1d. Sporules.—
More or less magnified.

~69. DIELLIA,* Nov. Gen.

Costa pinnarum centralis. Vene furcate: venule in areolas elongatas
obliquas anastomosantes, apicibus liberis vel guata marginem per recep-

* The genus is dedicated to the memory of the Rey. John Diell, late Chaplain for
American seamen at Honolulu; whose zealous endeavours in forming collections, and in
making known the Natural History (especially the Botany and Conchology) of the

Sandwich Islands, well deserve this commemoration.
55

218 FILICES.

taculum sporangiferum interruptum transversim connexis. Sort dis-
tantes. Indusium lineari-oblongum, marginem pinne fere adeequans.
Sporangia pedicellata.

The genus here proposed, with some hesitation, embraces three
Ferns of the Sandwich Islands, which differ from Schizoloma princi-
pally in their interrupted sori. In this respect they have a considera-
ble affinity with Synaphlebium; but in that genus the costa is eccen-
tric or wanting.

1. Dreviia ERECTA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 31.)

D. frondibus ceespitosis glabris elongato-lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis
subsessilibus subalternis horizontalibus subcoriaceis lineari-hastatis
repandis basi truncata superne auriculatis; indusio margine bre-
viort; stipite elongato cum rhachi subtereti levi nudo rufescente antice
bilineato.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in mountain forests of the western divi-
sion of Maui.

Fronds tufted, from 12 to 15 inches in length, of an elongated-
lanceolate form, rather rigid, glabrous, pinnate. Pinnee horizontal, from
40 to 50 in number, somewhat linear-hastate, subcoriaceous, about 2
inches in length by 8 lines broad, somewhat alternate, the inferior ones
about an inch apart, but more approximated towards the apex of
the frond, the margin repand and entire, the base broad and truncate,
its superior half auriculate and twice as broad as the inferior one:
usually there are one or two pairs of short ovate pinne present at the
base of the frond. Jndusiwm membranaceous, of a pale straw colour,
and not equal with the margin. Stipe elongated, 6 to 10 inches long,
of a reddish-brown tint, smooth and glossy, nearly round, and furnished
wih two narrow marginal lines in front, and a few stiff scales at the
base.

PuaTe 31.—Fig. 2. A frond, of the natural size. 2a. Dorsal view
of a section of a fertile pinna. 26, 26. Sporangia—The details
magnified.

POLYPODIACES. 219

2. DreLiiA FALCATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 31.)

D. rhizomate globoso ; stipite brunneo tereti brevi crebre paleaceo; fron-
dibus ceespitosis glabris lanceolatis falcato-decurvis basi attenuatis
pinnatis ; pinnis sessilibus coriaceis subalternis horizontalibus lineari-
ensiformibus (imisve parvis deltoideo-ovatis) repandis basi truncata
superne auriculatis ; indusio sublineart marginem adcequante.

Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands: on open and dry
rocky ridges; rare.

| Rootstock short and globular. Stipe about 2 or 3 inches long, terete,
of a dull brown colour, and densely chaffy with ligulate, membra-
naceous, entire, reticulated palew. Fronds few, tufted, rather rigid,
lanceolate, slightly attenuated at the base, having a graceful, falcate
curve, pinnate. Pinne sessile, horizontal, glabrous on both sides,
coriaceous, linear-ensiform, approximate; their margins slightly re-
pand ; the base truncate, broad and unequal, the superior half auricu-
late and twice the breadth of the inferior one; the terminal pinna
short and hastate, the small ones at the base deltoid-ovate or cordate.
Rhachis naked, smooth, slightly margined. Indusiwm usually equal
with the margin, almost linear, sometimes semilunate.

This differs from the preceding species in its shorter and paleaceous
stipe; in the falcate fronds tapering at the base; and in having the
indusium about equal with the margin.

Pirate 31.—Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 1a.
Dorsal view of a section of a pinna. 10. Scale from the stipe. Llc,
lc. Sporangia—The details magnified.

3. DIELLIA PUMILA, Sp. Nov.

D. rhizomate cespitoso; stipite nudo atro nitente filiformi; frondibus
coriaceis glabris lineari-lanceolatis pinnatis ; pinnis alternis con fertis
sessilibus triangulari-ovatis repandis basi truncata superne auricu-
latis; indusio stramineo marginem adequante.

99.0 FILICES.

Has. Oahu, Sandwich Islands: in the crevices of rocks; rare.

Whole plant about 3 inches in height, having a cespitose rootstock,
and slender, linear-lanceolate, pinnate fronds, supported by wiry,
slender, naked, black and glossy stipes, of about an inch in length.
Pinne small, sessile, alternate, crowded, coriaceous and opaque, 3 lines
long by 2 lines broad, triangular-ovate, the margin entire and repand ;
the base truncate, its superior half auriculate. Indusium rather coria-
ceous, straw-coloured, equal with the margin.

This is very distinct in character from the two preceding species;
and the habitats of each are also very dissimilar. In none of the
localities were plants of either of the species plentiful.

70. LINDS AA, Dryand.

1. Linps#A LINEARIS, Sw.

Lindsea linearis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 118 & 318, t. 8, f38; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov.
Holl. p. 156; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 85; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. p. 866; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 206.

LI. lunata, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 421.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Port Jackson,
New South Wales.

From the latter country we have specimens of this Fern over 18
inches long. Stipe naked, purplish, glossy, usually about the same
length as the frond itself.

2. LINDS#A MICROPHYLLA, Sw.

Lindseea microphylla, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 120 & 319; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 426; R.
Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. p. 156; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 194; Hook. Spec. Fil.
1, p. 218.

Has. Port Jackson, New South Wales.

POLYPODIACES. 221

In the vicinity of Sydney we found this species in considerable
abundance on what is called “the north shore,” inhabiting rocky
situations; the soil in which it grew consisting of sharp white sand
and. vegetable earth in about equal proportions.

3. LINDSHA TRICHOMANOIDES, Dryand.

Lindscea trichomanoides, Dryand. in Linn. Trans. 3, p. 43, t. 11; Sw. Syn. Fil. p.
119; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 425; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 366;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 218.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand; frequent.

Of this, fronds are to be met with, arising from the same root-
stock, which accord equally well with the description of L. Lessonwi of
Bory, in Hooker’s Species Filicum, as with that of L. trichomanoides of
Dryander, of the same work; the lower part of the fronds being
either bi- or tripinnate, while they are simply pinnate towards the
point; the pinne oblong-lanceolate, and with the pinnules cuneate
at the base: yet the greater part of our specimens agree with
Dryander’s figure above-cited.

4, LinpS#A GARDNERI, Hook.
Lindswa Gardnert, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 218, t. 65, C. (opt.)
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.
A very pretty species, nearly related to the L. Catharine of Sir
William Hooker.

5. LinDS#A OBLONGIFOLIA, Heim. ?

Lindsea oblongifolia, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 415 (sine char.); Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 206, t. 61, D.

Has. Mountains near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
56

299 FILICES.

All our specimens are unfortunately without stipes; but the fronds
themselves correspond to the figures given in the Species Filicum.

6. LinpS#A TRAPEZIFORMIS, Dryand.

Lindscea trapeziformis, Dryand. in Linn. Trans. 3, p. 42, t.9; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p. 424; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 220; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 63, A.; Hook. Spee. Fil.
1, p. 214.

L. nitidissima, Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 423.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Dryander’s figure of this, in the Linnean Transactions, is tolerably
characteristic of our plant, particularly as regards the form and
direction of the pinnules; but the pinne are delineated as more
numerous, distant, and spreading than in our specimens.

7. LINDSHA RIGIDA, J. Sm.

Lindsea rigida, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 415 (sine char.); Hook. Spee.
Fil. 1, p. 217.

Has. Mount Ophir, Malacca.

Although the fronds of this are very rigid, they are nevertheless

remarkable for the graceful falcate form of their pinne, and the great
regularity in the size and form of the pinnules.

The Expedition is indebted to Mr. Balestier, United States Consul
at Singapore, for specimens of this very handsome Fern.

71. SYNAPHLEBIUM, J. Sm.
(Linpsa Spec. Reinw., Blume, Wall.)
1. SYNAPHLEBIUM RECURVATUM.

Lindsceea recurvata, Wall. ; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 222, t. 70, A. (subgen. Schizoloma).
L. nitens, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 217.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

POLYPODIACES. 223

Referred by us, without a doubt, as identical with the plant cited
in Hooker’s Species Filicum.

2, SYNAPHLEBIUM PULCHRUM, Sp. Noy.

S. rhizomate gracilt repente; stipite quadrangulari nudo fronde bre-
wore; frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis subcoriaceis
alternis patentibus subsessilibus dimidiato-oblongis obtusis, margine
superiort lobato-crenato, inferiori costeformi sursum curvato, basi
truncato-cuneata ; soris oblongis per totam latitudinem loborum con-
tinuis indusio proprio margine breviore.

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands; and Sandalwood Bay, Feejee
Islands: in mountain forests, on trees.

Rootstock slender and creeping, about the thickness of a pigeon’s
quill, rufous-hirsute. Stipe 4 inches long, quadrangular, straw-
coloured, naked, shorter than the frond. Fronds oblong-lanceolate, from
4 to 6 inches long by an inch broad, somewhat coriaceous, pinnate.
Pinne from 25 to 30 in number, alternate, spreading, subsessile, di-
midiate-oblong, obtuse, from 4 to 6 lines in length by 3 lines broad,
approximate, the base truncate-cuneate, the inferior margin costeform
and curved upwards, the superior one lobate-crenate; the crenatures
soriferous. Sort oblong, with a membranaceous continwous special
indusium, which is shorter than the margin. Veins forming elongated
meshes, 2 or 3 of them combining in each lobe, and forming the inter-
rupted sporangiferous receptacle.

We view this as a very distinct species; yet, at first sight, 1t might
be mistaken for the Lindscea cultrata of Swartz; which however has
a forked venation. In the present genus our plant would stand next
to the S. recurvatum of J. Smith.

3. SyNAPHLEBIUM Pickerineu, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 30.)

S. rhizomate gracili repente; stipite angulari bast squamoso ; FSrondibus
glabris lineari-ensiformibus pinnatis ; pinnis plurimis approximatis
alternis membranaceis dimidiato-oblongis obtusis, margine inferiore
integerrimo, superior’ obtuse lobato, basi truncato-cuneata ; mdusio

994 FILICES.

proprio membranaceo oblongo sew reniformi margine breviore ; venis
paucis, venulis angulato-anastomosantibus aut liberis.

Has. Savaii, Samoan Islands.

Rootstock long, slender and creeping, ascending the trunks of trees.
Stipe quadrangular, squamose at the base, smooth and slender above,
from 8 to 4 inches in length, of a reddish-brown colour, the scales at
base slender and reticulated. Fronds from a foot to 15 inches long,
elastic, smooth, linear-ensiform, pinnate to the apex. Pinne alternate,
numerous, membranaceous, crowded, dimidiate-oblong, obtuse, the base
truncate-cuneate, the inferior margin entire, the superior margin cut
into 5 to 6 round lobes, the upper portion of each lobe bearing within
its margin a transversely oblong or reniform indusium of a delicate
membranaceous texture, shorter than the margin, and resting on a
single vein, or on a combination of two venules.

In habit and in the form of the pinne our plant very much resembles
the Odontoloma Boryanum of J. Smith, which has a free or forked
venation, and the superior margin of the pinne incisely dentate. In
the present species the majority of the veins anastomose, forming
from 2 to 4 elongated and angular areoles in each pinne; so that it
may be said to possess the venation of Synaphlebiwm, with the sori
of Odontoloma.

Piate 30.—Fig. 2. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 2a.
A pinna, slightly magnified, to show the anastomosing venules. 2 0.
Dorsal view of a lobe, with a single sorus, and a portion of the indu-
sium turned back to show the sporangia. 2c. A sporangium.—The
dissections more or less magnified.

4, SYNAPHLEBIUM DAVALLIOIDES, J. Sm.

Synaphlebium davallicides, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 424.

Lindscea davallioides, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 218; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 224,
t. 68, A. (subgen. Schizoloma).

Davallia Kunzeana, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 177.

Has. Feejee Islands; and Tutuila, Samoan Islands: terrestrial.

POLYPODIACES. 225

This is a very handsome species, and of common occurrence in moun-
tain forests, in the interior of these islands.

72, ODONTOLOMA, J. Sn.

(Saccotom Spee. Presl. Linpsaa Spec. Reinw., Blume.)

The species embraced under this genus agree in habit and venation
with Lindsea, but have the sori interrupted, on account of the upper
margin of the pinne being lobed, serrated, or crenate-toothed; each
lobe or tooth bearing near its base a solitary sorus seated on the apex
of a single vein, or rarely on the combined apices of two adjoining
veins, as sometimes happens in the O. pulchellum of J. Smith. The
special indusium is membranaceous, and rounded, or very slightly
reniform.

1. ODONTOLOMA PULCHELLUM, J. Sim.

Odontoloma pulchellum, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 424.
Davallia (Odontoloma) pulchella, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 175, B.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

The figure cited represents the lower and middle portion of a frond,
and a magnified pinna: the pinne in our plant, though otherwise
similar, are seated on a petiole a little longer than there represented.

2. OpontotomA Boryanoum, J. Sm.

Odontoloma Boryanum, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 424; Hook. Gen. Fil. t.
114, B.

Dicksonia repens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 482.

Saccoloma Boryana, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 126, t. 4, f. 20.

Davwallia (Odontoloma) Boryana, Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 175, pro parte.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands: in mountain forests, clinging to

the trunks of trees.
57

296 FILICES.

A good illustration of the form of the pinnules and the sori of
this Fern may be found in Hooker's Genera Filicum. We mention
this, on account of the species having often been confounded with
others of a similar habit.

2 OpontoLoMA MAcRaANA.

O. rhizomate repente squamoso ; stipite lewt angulato; frondibus linearr-
lanceolatis pinnatis; pinnis plurimis alternis membranaceis glabris
dimidiato-oblongis obtusis basi obliqua truncato-cuneata, margine mM-
feriort integerrimo subcurvato, superior crenato; soris rotundis; in-
dusio semiorbiculart.

Davallia Macrwana, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108.
Has. Sandwich Islands: frequent.

Rootstock creeping, ascending the trunks of trees toa height of 20
feet, about the thickness of a crowquill, and thinly covered with
rigid, short, ferrugineous, reticulated scales. Stipe 2 to 4 inches long,
smooth, bearing a few slender scales at the base, and together with
the rhachis angular, of a pale straw colour. Fronds usually from
a foot to 15 inches in length, linear-lanceolate, pinnate, attenuated
very gradually towards both ends. Pinne numerous, about’ 10 lines
long by 3 lines broad, membranaceous, smooth, dimidiate-oblong, the
point rounded, the superior margin crenate, the crenules soriferous ;
the round sori forming a continuous line from the angle of the trun-
cate-cuneate base along the upper edge and round the point to the ter-
mination of the inferior margin, the latter usually somewhat recurved
for about half its length; the truncate-cuneate base approximating to
and parallel with the rhachis. Sori round; the indusium membra-
naceous and subrotund when seated on one venule, or reniform when
resting on two conjoined venules, considerably shorter than the cre-
nules. Veins oblique, forking once or twice after leaving the primary
nerve or costa.

We cannot agree with Sir William Hooker, in the opinion that
this is a mere state of Saccoloma (Davallia) Boryana of Presl, the

POLYPODIACES. 227

Odontoloma Boryanum, of J. Smith, and of this work; the form, tex-
ture, and direction of the pinne of the latter being very different
from that of the present species.

4, OQDONTOLOMA TENUIFOLIUM, J. Sin.

Odontoloma tenuifolium, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 415.
Lindsea tenuifolia, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 219.
Davallia (Odontoloma) Blumeana, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 177, t. 54, A.

Has. Islands of Tutuila and Savaii, Samoan Group.

Excepting some species of Hymenophyllum and Trichomanes, there
is perhaps no Fern that has the divisions of its fronds so delicately
membranaceous, or so elegantly arranged and finely divided as the
present species. The figure in Hooker’s Species Filicum is very cha-
racteristic: the segments of the pinnules, however, in many of our
specimens, are not so deeply divided as they are there represented.

73. HUMATA, Cav., J. Sm.

(DAVALLLE Spec. Auct.)

Vene simplices vel furcate ; venulis parallelis apice sporangiferis. In-
dusium orbiculare sew reniforme, coriaceum, marginem fere adcequans,
apice cum lateribus liberum. Sporangia pedicellata—Rhizomata
repentes squamosi: frondes coriacece, aut integre aut bi-tripinnati-
secte.

* Frondes steriles integerrime, fertiles sinuate.

1. HumATA OPHIOGLOSSA, Cav.

- Humata ophioglossa, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 425.
Davallia heterophylla, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 130 & 837; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 465 ;
Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 280; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 152 (subgen. Humata).

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands; also Samoan and Feejee Islands.

238 FILICES.

At the Samoan Islands this species is of very frequent occur-
rence; its wiry rootstocks rambling over rocks, and clinging by its
rootlets to the trunks of trees. We do not find it recorded in any
work, as having been heretofore detected in the islands in the Pacific

Ocean.

x * Frondes pinnatifide, segmentis pinnisve infimis pinnatifidis seu lobatis.
2. HUMATA POLYPODIDOIDES, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 32.)

HI. rhizomate ramoso gracili repente squamoso ; stipite compresso; fron-
dibus coriaceis triangulari-oblongis acuminatis pinnatifidis basi cor-
datis, segmentis sterilium oblongis obtusis apice dentatis, infimis mar-
gine inferior lobatis; segmentis fertilium crenato-dentatis; indusio
majusculo subcoriaceo orbiculari ultra sinum dentium productis ; venia
furcatis.

Has. Direction Island, and Vanua Levu, Feejee Islands.

Plant scandent, Rootstock creeping and branched, slender, of a firm
texture, about the thickness of a crowquill, producing rootlets from
the axils of the branches and buds; the surface rough and closely
imbricated with setose scales, which are attached by a point or disc
near their middle, on which they can be turned as on a pivot.
Fronds scattered, coriaceous, raised on a compressed stipe (of nearly
half an inch in length), about 2 inches long by one inch broad,
triangular-oblong, acuminate, slightly cordate at the base, and pinna-
tifid ; the fertile one generally the smallest; the sterile one resem-
bling very much a starved specimen of the common Polypodium vul-
gare. Sterile segments oblong, obtuse, toothed at the apex, the inferior
pair lobed; the fertile segments crenate-dentate. Sori copious, and
concealing half of the under surface of the frond; the rather large
and orbicular, coriaceous indusium projecting beyond the sinus of the
teeth. Veins forked, immersed, much more evident on the under than
the upper surface.

Piate 32.—Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. la.
Dorsal view of a portion of the sterile frond, showing the vena-

POLYPODIACES. 229

tion. 16. Same view of a portion of the fertile frond, showing the
form of the indusium. Ile. Single sorus, with the indusium cut
away, to show the insertion of the sporangia. 1d. Scale from the
rootstock. le. Sporangium.—The details more or less magnified.

3. HUMATA PECTINATA, J. Sim.

Humata pectinata, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 425.
Davallia pectinata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 180; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 465; Hook. &
Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 189; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 153 (subgen. Humata).

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests, on the trunks
of trees.

The figure given in the Icones Filicum represents the usual state
of the plant; but we possess specimens of nearly twice the size, and
with the inferior pinnee deeply pinnatifid, the superior ones incisely
serrate.

4, HuMATA PARALLELA.

Davallia paraliela, Wall.; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 153, t. 42, A. (subgen. Humaia).
Nephrodium Gaimardianum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 335, t. 12, f. 1.

Has. Samoan Islands: on rocks and trunks of trees.

We find the sterile and fertile fronds, in all our examples of the
plant, to be uniform in size. In the Species Filicum the sterile frond
is represented as much the larger; which goes to show that the
species is subject to variation in this particular. The species is nearly
allied to the preceding, but is readily distinguished by the less
deltoid fronds, not so deeply pinnatifid, with more approximate and
parallel segments, the indusium pointing to the extremity of the seg-
ments, a character clearly pointed out by Sir William Hooker in
his Species Filicum. The Nephrodium Gaimardianum of Gaudichaud,
which is identically the same as our plant, is stated by that author to
be a native of the Sandwich Islands, in which he is followed by Sir

William Hooker; but our own observations, as well as those of others
58

230 FILICES.

on the vegetation of these islands, make it rather doubtful as to
whether Gaudichaud may not have erred in assigning that country
as the habitat.

x * x Frondes subternate, bipinnate, vel bi~-tripinnatifide.
5. Humata CuMINGII.

Davallia (Humata) Cumingti, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 155, t. 45, B.

Has. Mountains, near Baftios, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trees.

Rootstock long, creeping, and paleaceous. Stipes from 3 to 4
inches long, setose-paleaceous. Fronds very coriaceous, cordate-ovate,
acuminate, bipinnate; the segments dentate-serrate, shining on both
sides, underneath of a pale green colour. Sori numerous, seated in
the sinuses of the teeth. The sterile fronds are in general larger
than those represented in Hooker’s Species Filicum.

6. HumatA SERRATA, Sp. Nov.

HT, rhiomate repente squamoso ; stipite setoso-paleaceo; frondibus coria-
ceis glabris cordato-ovatis; sterilibus pinnatis, pinnis oblongo-ovatis
inciso-pinnatifidis, lacinits lineari-oblongis dentatis; fertilibus acumt-
natis basi tripinnatis superne bipinnatis, pinnis petiolatis, pinnulis
lineari-lanceolatis acutis inciso-serratis; rhachi costaque marginatis ;
soris parvis sinubus serraturarum insertis ; indusio orbiculari margine
cequalt.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands: clinging to the trunks of trees.

Rootstock slender and creeping, of a dark brown colour, closely
covered with linear-lanceolate scales, which are attached by a point
near their base. Stipe slender, setose-paleaceous. Fronds smooth, coria-
ceous, cordate-ovate; the sterile one (including the stipe) not over 2
inches long, pinnate; the oblong-ovate pinne incisely pinnatifid, the
divisions linear-oblong and toothed: fertile frond (including the stipe)
about a span high, acuminate, tripinnate at the base, towards the apex

POLYPODIACES. 231

bipinnate; the pinne seated on a short petiole; the pinnules or ulti-
mate divisions linear-lanceolate and ineisely serrate. Rhachis and
costa in both kinds of fronds furnished with a narrow margin.
Sort numerous and small, seated in the sinuses of the serratures,
and furnished with a round indusiwm, which is about equal with
the margin.

Our plant is nearly related to the Davallia alpina of Blume; but
it differs in its tripinnate fertile fronds, the petiolate pinne, and the
orbicular indusium.

7. Humata BoTRYCHIOIDES, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 32.)

H. rhizomate repente squamoso ; stipite gracili setoso-paleaceo ; frondibus
3 3
glabris coriaceis triangulari-ovatis ; sterilibus pinnatis, pinnis sessilibus
oblongo-lanceolatis inciso-pinnatifidis, laciniis oblongis obtusis crenu-
latis; fertilibus bipinnatis, pinnis infimis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis,
pinnulis linearibus lobato-crenatis ; costa marginata ; venis incrassatis
furcatis ; indusio coriaceo reniformi crenulas equantibus.

Has. Feejee Islands: at the elevation of 2,000 feet; ascending the
trunks of trees.

Rootstock round, firm, and creeping, about the thickness of a goose-
quill, closely covered with fuliginous oblong-lanceolate scales, attached
by a point near their centre. Stipe slender, setose-paleaceous ; that
of the fertile frond the longer. Fronds few, of a rigid texture, smooth
on both sides, triangular-ovate, or somewhat five-angled, and arising
from the points of spurs or branchlets. Sterile frond coriaceous,
pinnate, glossy on the upper side, which is of a dark green colour; the
under surface much paler and striated in appearance: pinne sessile,
oblong-lanceolate in form, and incisely pinnatifid ; the segments oblong
and obtuse, more or less crenulate-dentate. Fertile frond the larger,
bipinnate, with subalternate pinne; the inferior pair petiolate, oblong-
lanceolate, the ultimate divisions so contracted that the parenchyma
is almost entirely wanting, except in the crenules, the terminal one
of which is bidentate: the whole frond has much the appearance of
the fertile spike of some species of Botrychium. Costa margined ;

939 FILICES.

ol

the veins very thick, sunken, and forked. Indusiwm coriaceous, reni-
form, about equal with the margin of the crenules.

PLATE 32.—Fig. 2. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 2a.
Dorsal view of a portion of a sterile frond, showing its venation.
2 6. Portion of a fertile frond, showing the sori, with and without the
indusium. 2c. Scale from a rootstock. 2d. Sporangium.—The
details more or less magnified.

74. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh., J. Sm., Hook.

(Potypopit Spec. Linn. Asprpir Spec. Sw. & Auct. CyaTHem Spec. Sm.
AruHyril Spec. Roth.)

In habit the few species which Cystopteris contains claim a strong
affinity with Leucostegia and Microlepia of Presl and J. Smith. The
sori it is true, are seated on the back of a segment, but yet not farther
removed from the margin than we find them in Microlepia trichosticha
and some states of IM. polypodioides. The indusium of Cystopteris is
inflated or cucullate, but laterally attached by a broad base, as in
Leucostegia. Hence our reason for placing it in the Davalliec section
of the Dicksoniece.

1. Cystopreris Dovgiasu, Hook.

Cystopteris Douglasii, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 200.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on mountains, at the elevation of 4,000
feet.

Plant with a short and globose rootstock, covered with long brown
hairs and slender palezw. Stipe naked, from one to 3 inches long,
slender, compressed, smooth, furnished with narrow and membrana-
ceous chaffy scales at the base. Fronds generally about equal in
length with the stipe, oblong-lanceolate, pinnate at the base, towards
the point pinnatifid. Inferior pinnex broadly-ovate, obtuse, pinnatifid ;

POLYPODIACESA. 233

the superior oblong, dentate-serrate, coadunate and decurrent; the
segments oblong, obtuse, also dentate-serrate. Costa of the pinne
very slender, not much thicker than the veins.

2. CysTopTeris TAsMANICA, Hook.
Cystopteris Tasmanica, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 199.

Has. Hunter’s River, New South Wales.

Whole plant of a more humble growth, in general, than the C.
Douglasii, with a shorter but thicker stipe, which seldom exceeds an
inch in length, and bears a few, scattered, slender, scales at the base.
Fronds 2 or 3 inches long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnate.
Pinne broadly-ovate, incisely lobed or pinnatifid; the upper ones
decurrent. Segments ovate, obtuse, dentate. Veins forked, of a dull
brown colour. Sori few. Indusium broadly ovate, but we do not
find it at all acuminated, as described by Sir William Hooker.

8. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS, Bernh.

Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 27; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 197.
Aspidium fragile, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 58; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 280.

Has. Var. a. Culnai and Obrajillo, Andes of Peru. Island of
Madeira. Var. 8. Oregon; on the banks of the Spipen River.
Var. y. Vicinity of Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego.

We have given the plants from the above very distant localities as
varieties of the C. fragilis of Bernhardi. The first resembles very
much the usual European form of the species, differing principally
in the fronds in a dry state being of a darker colour, and in the
larger and more numerous sori, which in an advanced state become
confluent. In the second variety, from the interior of the Oregon,
the fronds are less deeply divided, being scarcely bipinnate ; with
distant, oblong, obtuse, inciso-lobate pinne, the inferior pair pinnate ;
the lobes or segments ovate, obtuse, dentate, and decurrent; the sori
very small and distant. The third variety, from Tierra del Fuego,

59

gat FILICES.

has bipinnate fronds of a flaccid consistence and pale-green colour;
the pinnez distant and ascending; with linear-oblong, inciso-dentate
pinnules; each: segment or tooth bearing a single small sorus near its
centre. These three varieties present at first sight a oneness of
appearance, and differ only in the greater or less degree of depth in
the colour and in the incisions, and in the general outline of the
ultimate divisions of the fronds, the consistence of which, as well
as the size and number of the sori, are very much influenced by
local circumstances, and therefore not to be relied upon as dis-
tinctive characters.

4, CYSTOPTERIS SANDWICENSIS, Sp. Nov.

C. stipitibus levibus hine sulcatis bast paleaceis; frondibus membra-
naceis glabris punctatis late oblongis acuminatis bipinnatis; pinnis
remotis suboppositis, infimis petiolatis, superioribus sessilibus decur-
rentibus ; pinnulis oblongis obtusis lobato-dentatis basi obliquis decur-
rentibus, summis confluentibus ; venis: pallidis tenuibus ; soris parvis ;
indusio oblongo cucullato apice dentato.

Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

Stipes 5 to 6 inches long, smooth, and of a pale straw colour; the
base chaffy with a few slender scales. Fronds bipinnate, from 8 inches
to a foot in length, broad-oblong, membranaceous, rather flaccid and of
a pale green colour, minutely punctate. Pinne nearly opposite, the
lower ones distant, but becoming crowded towards the point. Pin-
nules oblong, obtuse, lobate-dentate, oblique at the base, decurrent, the
superior ones confluent and forming a lobate-dentate point to the
pinne; veins very slender, and pale. Sori numerous and small in
proportion to the size of the frond. Indusiwm oblong, cucullate, with
a toothed apes.

This is distinguished from C. Douglasii, by its larger and more
deeply divided fronds; the ultimate divisions are narrower; the
stipe is usually half the length of the frond; and the sori are smaller.

Its nearest affinity is to some of the broad and least divided states of
C. fragilis.

POLYPODIACEEA 235

75. MICROLEPIA, Presl, J. Sm.
(DavVALLIA Spec. Auct. Crsorit Spec. Presl.)
1. MicRoLEepiA GRACILIS, J. Sm.

Microlepia gracilis, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 427.
Davallia gracilis, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 233; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 184.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Stipes somewhat four-angled, smooth, and of a dull brown colour.
Fronds glabrous, rather firm in texture, smooth on both sides, bipin-
nate at the base, pinnate or pinnatifid towards the point. Pinne
lanceolate, acuminate. Pinnules lance-linear, obtuse, the margin
crenate-serrate, the base cuneate and decurrent. Sori small, sub-
marginal.

The single specimen of this species in the collection is somewhat
mutilated; yet enough remains to satisfy us that it is the plant of
the authors referred to.

2. MIcROLEPIA INHQUALIS, Presi: var. Minor. (Tab. 33.)

M. rhizomate repente; frondibus magnis subcoriaceis tripinnatis glabris
supra nitidis, divisionibus primariis et secundariws alterms; pinnulis
subrhombeo-lanceolatis sew oblongo-lanceolatis acutis vel acwminatis
basi oblique cuneatis pinnatifidis inciso-serratisve ; laciniis lanceolato-
oblongis acutis dentatis; rhachi pinnarum subalatis; venis utrinque
prominulis; soris parvis, singulis juxta apicem dentis primarw seu
basim dentis axillaris insertis ; indusio subscarioso semi-cyathiformi
apice truncato.

Microlepia ineequalis, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 125. -
Davallia (Microlepia) inequalis, y. minor, Hook. Spec. Fil. p. 180, t. 58, A.

Has. Island of Savaii, Samoan Group.

236 FILICES.

Rootstock short and creeping. Fronds smooth, very large, elastic,
and of a rigid consistence, éripinnate, the upper surface glossy, the
lower of a pale green colour; the divisions both primary and secon-
dary alternate, petiolate, spreading, above confluent, and contracted
gradually into a narrow serrate point. Ultimate pinne somewhat
rhombic-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, the point acute, the base some-
what oblique and cuneate, and pinnatifid almost to the costa, or else
incisely serrate; the segments lance-oblong, slightly falcate, toothed.
Rhachis of the ultimate pinne margined with a very narrow wing.
Sori small, from 2 to 6 on a segment, and seated either close to the
point of a main or at the base of an amillary tooth; the indusium
thin and scarious, half cup-shaped, attenuated at the base, its some-
what truncated apex about equalling the margin of the sinus or
tooth.

Puate 33.—Fig. 1. A portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.
View of a portion of an ultimate pinna, from underneath. 1d.
A single sorus, showing the form of the indusium. Ile. A sin-
gle sorus, with the indusium removed, so as to show the inser-
tion of the sporangia. 1d, d. Sporangia—The details more or less
magnified.

3. MICROLEPIA TENUIS, Sp. Nov.

M. rhizomate repente ; stipitibus loevibus teretibus hinc sulcatis ; Frondibus
membranaceis glabris oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis tripinnatis divi-
sionibus primariis et secundariis alternis petiolatis distantibus apice
caudato-acuminatis serratisque; pinnulis subrhombeo-oblongis acutis
inciso-serratis basi cuneatis; laciniis lineari-oblongis obtusis bi-tri-
dentatis; venis utrinque prominulis ; soris parvis singulis guxta basim
dentis ; indusio scarioso oblongo basi attenuato.

Has. Feejee Islands; frequent.

Rootstock creeping. Stipes about a foot in length, of the thickness
of a crowquill, smooth, round, yellowish-brown, grooved with a shallow
channel in front, bearing a few stiff scales at the base. Fronds from a
span to 15 inches long, rather membranaceous, smooth, oblong-lanceolate,

POLYPODIACESA 237

acuminate, of a lively green colour, delicately tripinnate ; the divisions
distant and alternate, the primary and secondary ones contracting
above rather suddenly into a long and finely serrate point. Ulti-
mate pinnee somewhat rhombic-oblong, acute, deeply incised at the
cuneate base, and serrate towards the point. Segments linear-oblong,
with 2 or 8 teeth at their obtuse points. Rhachis and costa slender,
slightly flexuose. Sori seated at the base of an axillary tooth, or
sometimes occupying the whole breadth of a main tooth, furnished
with a scarious special indusiwm, of an oblong form, attenuated at
the base.

Closely as this is related in many respects to the IZ. inequalis of
Presl, we cannot but consider it as distinct. In a very full suite of
specimens we find that the fronds do not exceed one-fourth the
usual size of that species. They are membranaceous and delicately
divided, with obtuse lacinie; and the scarious indusium is atte-
nuated at the base; in the latter character somewhat agreeing with
the M. inaequalis, y. minor; but the fronds in that species are of a
rigid texture.

4, MIcROLEPIA PAPILLOSA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 34.)

MV. stipitibus levibus rigidis semiteretibus ; frondibus magnis coriacets
papillosis bi-tripinnatis; pinnis primarus cum secondartis inferio-
ribus distantibus petiolatis subrhombeo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; pinnulis
oblongo-lanceolatis’ acutis, imfimis pinnatifidis apicem versus inciso-
serratis, segmentis lanceolatis subfalcatis margine dentato-serratis bast
oblique cuneatis; soris juxta margimem inferiorem dentium; indusio
semi-oblongo apice dentato.

Has. Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands; on dry hills.

Stipes nearly round, but furnished with a shallow groove in front,
smooth, very firm, and of a chestnut-brown colour. Fronds bi-tripin-
nate, large and spreading, of a firm coriaceous consistence, the upper
surface shining and of a darker green than the lower, papillose
with numerous whitish tubercles or excrescences of irregular size

dotting both surfaces; these dots occur throughout all our specimens,
60

938 FILICES.

and are quite evident to the naked eye. Primary and lower second-
ary pinne distant, petiolate, somewhat rhombic-lanceolate, tapering
gradually into an acuminate serrate point, the base more or less
unequal, owing to the lower and superior divisions being longer, and
standing more at right angles with their support than the inferior
ones. Pinnules oblong-lanceolate, the lower ones deeply pinnatifid,
while towards the apex they are cut into sharp teeth; the segments
lanceolate in form, oblique at the base, and somewhat falcate. Sort
few, small, seated near the inner edge of a tooth or serrature. Indusium
semi-oblong, half cup-shaped, furnished with one or two blunt teeth
on the upper margin.

This species is allied to Davallia (Microlepia) Amboynensis of
Hooker; from which it differs in the form of the indusium, in the
greater size of its fronds, and in the presence of papillose tubercles on
their surface.

Prats 34.—Fig. 1. A portion of a frond, of the natural size. 1 a.
View of the under side of a smaller portion of the same, showing the
tubercles. 10. Smaller portion, showing a single sorus, with the
special indusium removed. lc, ¢. Sporangia. 1d. Sporules.—The
details more or less magnified.

5. MiIcROLEPIA POLYPODIOIDES, Presi.

Microlepia polypodioides, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 125.

Dicksonia polypodioides, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 187 & 356; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 488.
Davallia flaccida, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 157.

D. polypodioides, Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 10; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 181.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands. Mount Majaijai, Luzon,
Philippine Islands.

To this Sir William Hooker, in his Species Filicum, has united,
doubtless correctly, a vast assemblage of species of different authors ;
the species being subject to great variation in the hairiness of its
veins, costa, rhachis, and indusium, as well as in the form and
incision of the ultimate divisions of its fronds.

POLYPODIACEA. 239

6. MiIcROLEPIA TRICHOSTICHA, J. Sm.

Microlepia trichosticha, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 416.
Davallia (Microlepia) trichosticha, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 188.

Has. Caldera, Mindanao, Philippine Islands.

This differs from the preceding species in its smaller sori, placed at
a greater distance from the margin; and in having the ultimate divi-
sions of the fronds not so deeply parted, bearing a close pubescence
on their under surface, and slightly hairy above.

7. Microverra Hirta, Presi.

Microlepia hirta, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 125.

Davallia hirta, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 223; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 181.

Dicksonia Kaulfussiana, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 368; Hook. Spec. Fil..1, p. 71.

Has. Sandwich Islands; where it is of very frequent occurrence,
on the islands of Hawaii and Oahu, in open places.

A truly Davallioid plant: although the small lobe on which the
sorus is seated appears sometimes to connive with the (special) indu-
sium, yet this character is not constant; nor is the lobule then so
changed as to justify the referring of the plant to Dicksonia. Sir
William Hooker, in his Species Filicum, after having placed it in
Dicksonia, removed it to his Microlepia section of Davallia—The
species varies much in the greater or less hairiness of its stipe, rhachis,
costa, veins, and indusium.

In the vicinity of Hilo, island of Hawaii, we detected a variety,
having large and lax fronds, which resembles some states of JL
polypodioides, and may probably be the variety of that species,
noticed by Sir William Hooker, in his Species Filicum, as a native
of the Sandwich Islands.

240 FILICES.

76. DEPARIA, Hook. & Grev.
(Dickson1@ Spec. Kaulf. Crsorirt Spec. Presl.)

1. DEPARIA PROLIFERA, Hook. & Arn.

Deparia prolifera, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 44, B,
& Spec. Fil. 1, p. 84.

D. Macrei, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 154.

Dicksonia prolifera, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 225.

Cibotium proliferum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 69, t. 11, f. 10.

Has. Sandwich Islands: in forests.

Hooker and Greville, in the Icones Filicum, have very accurately
characterized this Fern as a genus distinct from Dicksonia and Ctibo-
tium. Kaulfuss, who first described the species, placed it in the
former genus; to which it certainly claims a stronger affinity than
to Cibotiwm, where Presl referred it. In a few instances we have
found the sori on the back of a venule, near its point, when the
indusium is oblique and subcylindrical; but the more usual state of
the plant, as regards the form of the indusium and the position of
the sori, is that represented in the Icones Filicum.

77. DAVALLIA, Sm.
* Frondes pinnatifide.
1, DAvALLIA Emersont, Hook. & Grev.

Davallia Emersoni, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 105; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 161,
subgen. Prosaptia.
Prosaptia Emersoni, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 166.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan Islands: on trees; rare.

The figure cited is an excellent representation of our form of this
species.

POLYPODIACEA. 241

2. DAVALLIA CONTIGUA, Sw.

Davallia contigua, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 180 & 339; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 465; Blume,
Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 230; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 141; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 161.

Prosaptia contigua, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 166.

Polypodium contiguum, J. Sm. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 47.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands: on
trees; frequent.

This and the preceding have been referred by Mr. J. Smith to
Polypodium; and Presl has placed them among his Gymnosoree.
In the position of the sori of this species, in the structure of the
cavity in which the sporangia are situated, as well as in its nature
and consistence, we find a striking resemblance to several Ferns
which are admitted by authors as true species of Davallia, viz.:
D. gibberosa, Swartz, D. Lindeni and D. Schimpert, Hooker. In all of
these, the cup-shaped cavity, occupying the dilated apices of the
deeply divided fronds, is formed by the scarcely altered edges of
the same; and, although D. Emersoni and D. contigua possess a habit
very different from these species, yet the character of the fructifi-
cation is so much alike in both, that we consider the most appro-
priate position for the two species now’ under consideration to be
in Davaliia.

x * Frondes quindte seu pinnate.
3. DAVALLIA PENTAPHYLLA, Blume. (Tab. 35.)

D. rhizomate repente crinito-paleaceo; stipitibus nudis semiteretibus ;
frondibus coriaceis glabris subtus argenteo-nitidis late ovatis acum
natis quinatis vel pinnatis; pinnis suboppositis lineari-lanceolatis
attenuatis bast cuneatis, infimis binatis, sterilibus wtegerrimis vel
apice serratis, fertilibus dentatis; venis immersis furcatis ; imdusio
tubuloso apice truncato ; sporangiis subexsertis.

Davallia pentaphylla, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay. p. 232; Hook Spec. Fil. 1, p. 163.
; 61

242, FILICES.

Has. Ovolau and Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands: on trunks of
trees, at the altitude of 2,000 feet.

Rootstock very long and creeping, the surface closely imbricated
with oblong and caudate-acuminate, brown scales, attached by a point
at their middle. Stipes about 3 inches long, naked, nearly round,
with a very shallow groove in front. Fronds distant, coriaceous and
smooth, of a broad-ovate acuminate form, and guwinate, or more usually
pinnate, of a glossy silver hue on the under surface, above of a dark
ereen and scarcely shining. Pinne subopposite, spreading, from 9 to
9 in number, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, cuneate at the base, the imferior
pair petiolate and almost always binate; the margin of the sterile
pinne entire, except about an inch at the point, which is serrate ; the
fertile bluntly toothed, and soriferous for about two-thirds of their
length, furnished with a single sorus on each tooth; the truncate apex
of the tubular indusiwm nearly equal with the edge of the tooth,
beyond which the older sporangia project a little. Rhachis com-
pressed and margined; the forked veins, though sunken, are still per-
ceptible to the naked eye, giving to the surface of the fronds a
slightly striated appearance. |

Puate 35.—Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. la.
Dorsal view of a section of a pinna. 146. Section of the rootstock.
le. Scale from the rootstock. 1d. A single sorus, with the special
indusium removed. le. Sporangium. 1/. Sporules—The details
more or less magnified.

4, DAVALLIA PYCNOCARPA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 35.)

D. rhizomate repente crinito-paleaceo; stipitibus nudis semiteretibus ;
frondibus deltoideo-ovatis coriaceis glabris quinato-pinnatis ; pinnis
subsessilibus, sterilibus lanceolatis serrulatis, fertilibus lineart-lanceo-
latis obtusis, infimis uni-bilobatis margine duplicato-dentatis a bast
usque ad apicem creberrime soriferis ; indusio oblongo apice truncato ;
sporangiis subexsertis ; venis immersis simplicissimis vel furcatis.

Has. Muthuata Mountains, Feejee Islands: on rocks and trunks
of trees.

—_

POLYPODIACES. 243

Rootstock Yong, black, and creeping, closely imbricated with oblong,
caudate-acuminate scales. Stipes slender and nearly round, with a
slight furrow in front. Fronds deltoid-ovate, smooth and coriaceous,
constantly quinate-pmnate; the height of the fertile one, with the
stipes, from 6 to 8 inches. Pinne subopposite, nearly sessile, the
terminal one the longest, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, the margin doubly-
toothed, the inferior pair furnished with a segment or lobe below.
Sterile frond smaller, strictly quinate; the pinnz sessile, opposite,
and lanceolate, their margins finely serrate, both surfaces smooth
and glossy, the under one can scarcely be called silvery, although
paler than the upper. Jndusiwm short, oblong, truncate; the sori
forming a continuous marginal chain the whole length of the pinna.
Veins immersed, either wholly simple or forked.

Closely related to the preceding; yet distinct from it in the smaller
quinate fronds, the narrower pinne, with a doubly-toothed margin
soriferous the whole length, and in the shorter and more cup-shaped
indusium.

Piate 35.—Fig. 2. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 2 a.
View of a portion of a pinna, from below. 20. Cross section of the
rhizoma. 2c. A scale, from the same. 2d. A sorus, with the
special indusium removed. 2e. Sporangium.—The details more or
less magnified.

* * * Frondes tripinnate seu decomposite.
5. DAVALLIA CANARIENSIS, Sim.

Davallia Canariensis, Sm. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 184; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 474;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 169, t. 56, A.

Has. Island of Madeira: on trees and rocks; frequent on the
north side of the island.

This has been long and well known as the “ Hare’s-foot Fern,” on
account of the appearance of its stout and creeping, scaly, brown
rootstock.

244 FILICES.

6. DAVALLIA PYXIDATA, Cav.

Davailia pyxidata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 182; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 471; R. Br. Prodr.
Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 157; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 169, t. 55, C. f. 1, 2.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson, and Puen Buen, New South Wales.

In habit this is very much like the preceding species; but the fronds
are less compoundly divided, and the scales on the rhizoma more
slender and hairy.

7. DAVALLIA SOLIDA, Sw.

D. rhizomate valido repente paleis brunneis imbricatis vestito ; stipitibus
nudis levibus semiteretibus hinc sulcatis ; frondibus coriaceis tri-sub-
quadripinnatis; pinnis acuminatis; pinnulis trapeziformibus acutis
vel acuminatis, ultimis oblongo-lanceolatis in apicem crenato-serratum
confluentibus ; indusio lineari-oblongo apice rotundato in dentem vel
segmentum immersis hinc vel utrinque anguste alatis, alis in dentem
acutum productis ; sporangiis exsertis.

Davallia solida, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 182 & 875; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 470; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 234; Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 163, t. 42, B.

Var. 5. PENTAGONA: frondibus minoribus late ovatis acuminatis bipin-
natis; pinnis lanceolato-oblongis acuminatis; pinnulis inciso-lobatis,
lobis in apicem obtusum dentatum confluentibus ; imdusio lineari basi
attenuato utrinque haud dentato.

Has. Tongatabu; also Samoan and Society Islands. Var. 6.
Island of Manua, Samoan Group.

Rootstock creeping, often as thick as the little finger, densely clothed
with brown scales. Stipes long, naked and smooth, about half round,
channelled in front. Fronds large, coriaceous, sometimes quite
rigid, tri-quadripinnate; with spreading acuminate pinne. Pinnules
trapeziform, and either terminating in an acute or very much

POLYPODIACEZS. 245

acumimated point. Ultimate divisions oblong-lanceolate or oblong
and obtuse, wniting into an acuminate or obtuse crenate-serrate point.
Sori very crowded, and furnished with a linear-oblong indusium, the
apex of which is rownded, seated in a tooth or segment, margined by a
narrow wing on one or both sides, but usually on the outer side, termi-
nating in a sharp tooth.

In var. a. the fronds are smaller, broad-ovate, and bipinnate, with
lance-oblong acuminate pinnee, and inecisely lobed pinnules; the lobes
confluent into a blunt, dentate point. The indusiwm is quite linear and
attenuate at the base, the tooth on the outer side wanting.

The great variety of forms which this species assumes, in the divi-
sion of the fronds and the length of the indusium, is more or less the
result of local causes; those plants inhabiting arid and rocky places,
or growing on trees overhanging the scorching coral shores of these
islands, produce small, compact, and very coriaceous fronds, with an
indusium usually longer than in the individuals inhabiting forest
regions, where the atmosphere is humid; in such localities the fronds
are much larger, flaccid, and more compound. Our var. 0. although
a wide removal from the usual form of the species, closely approaches
the var. 3. latifolia of Hooker’s Species Filicum; but the fronds are
much smaller and the indusium longer.

8. Davatiia Tanrrensis, Sp. Nov.

D. rhizomate repente ; stipitibus gracilibus angulatis hine sulcatis ; fron-
dibus coriaceis glabris late quinquangulari-ovatis bi-tripinnatis ; pinnis
ovatis acuminatis; pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis basi cuneatis
inciso-dentatis apicem versus confluentibus; indusio lineari-oblongo
truncato in dentem vel segmentum immersis, ala marginali angusta
indusium adcequante ; sporangiis paullo exsertis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on trunks of trees, at the elevation
of 3,000 feet.

Whole plant about a span high; with a creeping rootstock. Fronds
ovate-five-angled, rather rigid, smooth and glossy on both sides, bi—tri-

pinnate; the divisions approximate; the primary ones somewhat
62

946 FILICES.

trapezoid-ovate, acuminate; the ultimate ones oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
incisely-dentate, the base wedge-shaped, uniting towards the point. Stupes
slender and angular, with a shallow groove in front. Indusiwm of a
reddish-brown colour, seated in a segment or tooth, linear-oblong, trun-
cate, the marginal wing narrow, not extending beyond the apex of the
indusium. Sporangia somewhat exserted.

This is a very pretty little species, related in many respects to
some forms of the preceding, yet differing in the much smaller fronds,
and the greater delicacy of its various parts. Its nearest affinity,
however, is with D. Lindleyi of Hooker’s Species Filicum; next to
which it should stand.

9. DAVALLIA FEEJEENSIS, Hook.

D. rhizomate valido repente paleis brunneis laceris imbricatis tecto ;
stipitibus subteretibus hinc sulcatis; frondibus coriaceis late ovatis
acuminatis pinnato-decompositis; pinnis suboppositis; pinnulis lato-
lanceolatis acuminatis pinnatipartitis, laciniis “ erecto-patentibus fere
appressis angusto-linearibus simplicibus vel bifidis ;” indusio lineart
apice truncato in apicem laciniarum immersis, alis angustissimis
utrinque in dentem acutum productis vel edentulis.

Davallia Feejeensis, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p, 166, t. 55, D.

Has. Nukalou and Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on trees.

A very graceful species, of frequent occurrence at these islands,
clinging to the trunks and branches of trees by the fibrils of its thick,
squamose, creeping rootstock, and never found at any great distance
from the coast. Fronds large, and, with the somewhat round and
furrowed stipes, usually about 2 feet high, broad-ovate, acuminate, coria-
ceous, decompoundly pinnate: primary divisions subopposite, the ulti-
mate divisions narrow-linear, simple or bifid, sometimes dilated at their
points, in which is seated the long and slender indusium. The latter
has a truncate apex, and a very narrow wing on each side, termi-
nating in the form of a tooth, which however is sometimes wanting.
In a young state, the rhachis and costa are covered with whitish
arachnoid hairs, which at length disappear.

POLYPODIACEA. 247

10. DAVALLIA ELATA, Sw.

Davailia elata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 181 & 344; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 472; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 2836; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 166, t. 55, A.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan Islands.

Plant large, from 3 to 4 feet high. Fronds quadripinnate, elastic,
glossy on both sides, and with a striated appearance on the surface
between the veins: divisions very much acuminated, the ultimate
ones or lacinis incisely-serrate. Sori short, and seated in the apices
of the incisions or serratures. Special indusium attenuated at the
point, free for about one-third of its length, furnished with a sharp
tooth on each side, or sometimes with only a single tooth on the
outer side.

11. DAVALLIA PATENS, Sw.

Davallia patens, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 182 & 848; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 473; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 236; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 166.

Has. Island of Marangos, Sooloo Group.

The fronds of this are bipinnate, very rigid and glossy; the pinne
and pinnules subalternate, spreading, and very much acuminated ;
the strise or false veins still more evident than in the preceding
species: ultimate divisions lanceolate and serrulate. Sori short,
seated in the serratures, with two sharp teeth projecting beyond the
apex of the indusium, the outer tooth the longer.

12. DAVALLIA ELEGANS, Sv.

Davallia elegans, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 182 & 847; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 471; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jav. p. 235; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 165.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Our single specimen of this is not very perfect, consisting merely

948 FILICES.

of the upper part of what appears to have been a very large quadri-
pinnate frond. This has a slightly striated surface; the ultimate
pinnules are incisely serrate, with sori seated in the apices of the inci-
sions, between two unequal teeth.

13. DAVALLIA TENUIFOLIA, Sw.

Davailia tenuifolia, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 183 & 350; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 477; Blume,
Enum. Plant. Jay. p. 239; Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 129, t. 4, f. 27; Hook. Spec.
Fil. 1, p. 186.

D. remota, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 223; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108.

Var. 8. LATIFOLIA: pinnulis laciniisve ultimis obovatis cuneatis.

Has. Feejee Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Sandwich Islands.
Var. 8. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

Plant terrestrial; the rhizoma short and thick; the fronds tufted.
It abounds at the Sandwich Islands, inhabiting, as on other islands in
the Pacific, low savannas and open places on the declivities of the
minor ranges of mountains. In our variety 3. the ultimate divisions
are twice the breadth of the usual form; in both, it frequently
happens that two venules unite at the base of the indusium, thereby
forming an elongated areole. May not our variety be the D. cunet-
formis of Swartz?

14, DAVALLIA GIBBEROSA, Sw.

Davallia gibberosa, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 134 & 851; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 475; Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 75; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 192.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests.

This handsome species is well described by Sir William Hooker
in his Species Filicum. But among our specimens we find one or
two in which the rhachis and costa of the ultimate divisions are more
compressed than in the usual form of the species, and these bear
small proliferous buds on the upper surface, while a few scattered

POLYPODIACE &. 249

reticulated bullate scales beset the lower; yet in other respects appa-
rently they do not differ from what we consider the type of the
species.

78. TRICHOMANES, Linn.
* Rhizoma gracilis, repens; frondibus sparsis.
1. TRICHOMANES RENIFORME, Fort.

Trichomanes reniforme, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 141 & 369; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5,
p. 498; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 31; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 95; A. Cunn.
in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 368; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 115.

Has. In the vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: on
trunks of trees and moist rocks; frequent.

The reniform fronds of this species, with the dichotomous veins
radiating from the base, are truly beautiful when held up between
the eye and the light. Among a great number of specimens in the
collection, we have observed none of the veins to anastomose, as, in
Hooker’s Species Filicum, they are said occasionally to do.

2. TRICHOMANES MUSCOIDES, Sw.

Trichomanes muscoides, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 141; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 500; Hook. &
Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 179; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 117.

Has. Feejee Islands: in humid mountain forests, on rocks and
the trunks of trees.

A very humble species, not much over an inch in height, with
membranaceous and obovate or oblong fronds, cuneate at the base,
and slightly sinuate, furnished with an evident intramarginal vein.
The partially two-lipped indusium is immersed in the apex of the
lobes, and about equal with them. Stipe very short, and with the

slender creeping rootstock slightly tomentose.
63

250 FILICES.

3. TRICHOMANES PARVULUM, Poir.

Trichomanes parvulum, Poir. ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 260; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay.
2, p. 223; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 118, t. 39, A (opt.).

Has. Vicinity of Hilo, Sandwich Islands: on moist rocks.

A very pretty little species, whose fronds, with the stipe, not
exceeding half an inch in height, are very likely to be overlooked by
collectors, from their growing among and almost entirely concealed
by various kinds of mosses, many of them larger than itself.

4, TRICHOMANES ERECTUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 36.)

T. rhizomate filiformi repente parce rufo-tomentoso ; stipite brevi alato ;
frondibus erectis ovato-oblongis -bipinnatifidis ; pinnis remotis alternis
erecto-patentibus ; laciniis angusto-linearibus emarginatis vel obtusis ;
indusio supra-azillari cylindrico prorsus immerso basi attenuato, ore
integerrimo subpatente; receptaculo ad medium usque exserto.

Has. Feejee Islands: on Bread-fruit trees; rare.

This is a very slender species, with a delicate, filiform, creeping,
rufous-tomentose rootstock, and erect, ovate-oblong fronds, from one to 2
inches in height, deeply bipinnatifid, and raised on a short winged
stipe: primary divisions distant, alternate, ascending, and unequal in
length, the inferior ones decurrent. Lacinie narrow-linear, either
emarginate or obtuse. Jndusiwm immersed its whole length in a short
and nearly axillary lacinia, arising from the inner edge of the pinna,
cylindrical, with an attenuated base and a somewhat spreading, entire
mouth; the receptacle exserted for nearly half tts length.

Related to the 7 intramarginale of Hooker and Greville; which,
however, bears the sori on the apices of the laciniz, and has also a
very evident intramarginal nerve, which does not exist in our plant.

Piate 36.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. View of a
portion of the frond, from beneath, slightly magnified.

POLYPODIACEA. 251

5. TRICHOMANES TENUE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 36.)

T. rhizomate gracils repente ; stipite gracili marginato ; frondibus glabris
Hageidis ovato-lanceolatis tripinnatipartitis ; pinnis primariis alternis
patentibus ; laciniis angusto-linearibus obtusis, ultimis bifidis ; indusio
supra-axillart prorsus immerso cylindrico basi attenuato, ore patente
via bilabiato ; receptaculo setaceo, indusium bis superante.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests, on trees.

The rootstock of this is slender and creeping. Stipe about an inch
long, with a narrow margin of half a line in breadth. Fronds smooth,
flaccid, 3 to 4 inches in length, of an ovate-lanceolate form, deeply
thrice pinnatifidly divided ; the primary divisions alternate and spread-
mg. Lacinie very narrow-linear, finely reticulated; the ultimate ones
short and bifid; the fructiferous ones broadest. Rhachis somewhat
flexuose, about as broad as the lacinis. Indusiwm immersed its whole
length in a short supra-axillary lacinia, usually close to the main
rhachis, cylindrical, with an attenuated base and a spreading mouth,
which is scarcely two-lipped. Receptacle slender, exserted about twice the
length of the indusium. The whole plant is very graceful in its
growth, and apparently one not before described.

Puate 36.—Fig. 2. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 2a.
Dorsal view of a portion of a frond, slightly magnified.

6. TRICHOMANES PYXIDIFERUM, Linn.

Trichomanes pyxidiferum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 143; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
508; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 64? Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 206; Hook. Spec.
Fil. 1, p. 124.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: terrestrial.

This is evidently the 7. pyaidiferum, described by Swartz and
Willdenow, and we believe also that figured by Hooker and Greville,

952 FILICES.

although their plant is much larger than ours, and the receptacle
more exserted. . The latter, however, is not a reliable character, parti-
cularly in dried specimens, and the size of the plant is influenced more
or less by the nature of the locality.

7. TRICHOMANES FiticuLa, Bory.

Trichomanes Filicula, Bory, in Duperrey, Voy. 1, p. 283; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech.
Voy. p. 76; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 124.
Hymenophyllum Filicula, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 528.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands: on
rocks, dead wood, and the trunks of trees; frequent.

Willdenow certainly was not far wrong in referring this to Hymeno-
phyllum, and we consider its claims as good to remain in that genus
as in Trichomanes. The very evident two-lipped indusium, with a
receptacle in most cases included, indeed very seldom exserted, ally
it to Hymenophyllum; while on the other hand, its aspect and the
narrow cylindrical indusium, tapering at the base, refer it to the
present genus.

8. TRICHOMANES HUMILE, Forst.

Trichomanes humile, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 143 & 871; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
507; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 85; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 76; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 128.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands, and Feejee Islands; frequent.

9. TricHoMANES DraytoniANuM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 36.)

T. rhizomate repente pubescente ; stipite brevi compresso; frondibus lato-
lanceolatis glabris bipinnatifidis ; pinnis primariis rhomboideo-ovatis ;
laciniis brevibus suboblongis obtusis simplicibus seu bifidis; indusio
supra-axillari cylindraceo basi attenuato ad medium usque vmimerso,
ore patente; receptaculo filiformi indusium fere bis superante.

POLYPODIACES. 253

Has. Sandwich Islands; in humid forests, creeping over the trunks
of trees.

Rootstock creeping and pubescent, stout in proportion to the size
of the fronds; the rootlets tomentose with a dense coating of short
black hairs. Stipe flattened, about half an inch in length, smooth,
with a narrow margin, which increases in breadth towards the base
of the frond. Fronds broad-lanceolate, glabrous, 2 inches and upwards
in length, by 8 to 10 lines broad, of a pale green colour, deeply
bipinnatifid at the base; the primary divisions somewhat rhombic-ovate
and less deeply divided: lacinice short, nearly oblong, obtuse, simple,
or else bifid or bidentate. Rhachis and veins stout and of a dull-
brown colour. Indusium supra-axillary, subcylindrical, immersed, about
half its length, attenuated at the base, the mouth spreading, scarcely two-
lipped, its diameter nearly equal to the length; the wings on the
outer side sometimes wanting. Receptacle filiform, exserted about
twice the length of the indusium.

Related to the preceding species; but readily distinguished by its
only partially immersed indusium, with a more spreading mouth, and
by the absence of a thickened margin to the frond.

Prats 36.—Fig. 8. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 3a.
View of a portion of a frond underneath, slightly magnified.

10. TRICHOMANES MELANORHIZON, Hook.
Trichomanes melanorhizon, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 140.
Has. Mountains, near Baiios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Plant very small, growing in the crevices of wet rocks, in deeply
shaded situations. Fronds broadly ovate, tripinnatifid, and, together
with the stipe, a little over an inch in height.

Hooker describes the fronds as “pinnate; pinne bipinnatifid.”
But we find the margin of the pinne to be decurrent on the rhachis,
in our smaller specimens, so that the species may be considered as tri-

pinnatifid.
64

954 FILICES.

11. TrichomaNss ALBUM, Blume? (Tab. 36.)

T rhizomate filiformi piloso; stipite tereti gracili glabro; frondibus
ovato-oblongis strigosis albidis bipinnatifidis ; pimnis oppositis ovato-
lanceolatis basi cuneatis; laciniis cuneiformibus incisis, ultimis lnea-
ribus apice obtuso bifidis vel emarginatis; indusio supra-acillart
oblongo basi tantum immerso, ore truncato ; receptaculo brevi incluso.

Trichomanes album, Blume? Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 226.
Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trees.

Rootstock filiform and pilose. Stipe round, slender, smooth, from
one to 2 inches long. Fronds about the same length as the stipe,
ovate-oblong, bipinnatifid, both surfaces whitish, and with the margin
of the lacinize strigose-hirsute, the hairs of a pale brown colour.
Pinnee opposite, ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at the base; the lacinice wedge-
shaped and deeply incised, the ultimate one linear, obtuse or slightly
emarginate at the point. Sori confined to the upper half of the frond,
and seated near the rhachis. Indusium supra-azillary, oblong, trun-
cate, the base partially immersed, the mouth truncate, the short receptacle
appears to be always included.

We suppose this to be the 7: album of Blume; yet, as his short
description leaves much room for doubt, we have given a figure of it.

Prats 36.—Fig. 4. Portion of a plant, of the natural size. 4 a.
View of a portion of a frond underneath, slightly magnified.

x * Rhizoma elongatum, repens ; frondibus remotis.

12. TRICHOMANES RADICANS, Sw.

Trichomanes radicans, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 143; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 513; Kaulf,
Enum. Fil. p. 267; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 125.

Haz. Sandwich Islands. ‘Organ Mountains, Brazil: mostly on
the trunks of trees.

POLYPODIACES. 255

From the Sandwich Islands we have two states of this: one with
stipes from 3 to 5 inches long; the fronds elongated-lanceolate, tri-
pinnatifid, and from 12 to 18 inches in length; the indusium supra-
axillary, free, cylindrical, long, and tapering at the base, with a
slightly spreading entire mouth: this form inhabits shady forests.
The other form has sessile fronds (or the stipes not over an inch in
length), oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid, and from 5 to 6 inches long;
the indusium shorter and more spreading at the mouth: this is
found in exposed situations. The Brazilian plant, in the outline of
its fronds and the length of the stipe, resembles the larger elongated
form from the Sandwich Islands; but its primary divisions are more
distant, the lacinise and wings of the rhachis much narrower. In the
two latter the form and position of the indusium are similar, and it is
not decidedly two-lipped.

Sir William Hooker in his Species Filicum has, perhaps justly,
included under 7: radicans a vast assemblage of species of various
authors, and from widely remote countries.

13. TRICHOMANES BRACHYPUS, Kunze.

Trichomanes brachypus, Kunze, ex Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 121.
T., radicans, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 218, excl. syn.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, and Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Rootstock very long, slender, and creeping. Fronds sessile, ovate-
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid. Primary divisions diver-
gent; the ultimate divisions once or twice divided into short and

obtuse lacinize.

The collection contains a considerable number of specimens (all
of them sterile) of what we take for a state of T. brachypus, Kunze, as
described by Sir William Hooker in his Species Filicum, and pre-
viously figured in the Icones Filicum, under the name of T. radicans.
In the figure the primary segments are represented as being more
horizontal than we find them in our specimen.

256 FILICES.

x x x Rhizoma validum, breve, repens; frondibus ceespitosis.
14, TRICHOMANES FGNICULACEUM, Bory.

Trichomanes foniculaceum, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 511; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1,
p. 185.
T. meifolium, Kaulf, Enum. Fil. p. 365, t. 2.

Has. Mount Ophir, island of Sumatra.

Rootstock thick and creeping, clothed with slender and articu-
lated scales. Fronds erect and rigid, of a chestnut-brown colour
when dry.

Closely related to the following species. Specimens of this hand-
some and very distinct Trichomanes were presented to the Expedition
by Mr. Balestier, United States Consul at Singapore, with the above
habitat appended to them.

15. TRICHOMANES CAUDATUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 36.)

T. rhizomate abbreviato crasso repente fulvo-tomentoso ; stipite brevi tereti
scabro; jfrondibus (in sicco elasticis) elongato-lanceolatis caudato-
acuminatis pinnatis; pinnis subalternis (inferioribus subremotis)
oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis bipinnatifidis ; laciniis ultimis approxt-
matis angusto-linearibus obtusis simplicibus vel bifidis; rhachi sub-
alata; indusio terminali vel supra-axillart cylindrico basi attenuato
semi-immerso seu anguste alato, ore patente integerrumo; receptaculo
exserto.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on trees, in mountain forests.

Rootstock short and thick, creeping, densely tomentose with brownish
short hairs. Stipe about 2 inches long, ferefe, slightly rough to the
touch. Fronds very graceful, and in a dry state quite elastic, 10 to 15
inches long by 3 inches broad, elongated-lanceolate, pinnate, and as
well as the oblong-lanceolate and bipinnatifid pinne (which are rather

POLYPODIACEA. 257

distant at the base) tapering into a narrow, tazl-like, serrate point.
Pinnules or secondary divisions approximate and somewhat imbri-
cated; the ultimate ones less so; these are narrow-linear, short and
obtuse, their apices either simple or bifid. Rhachis round at the base,
narrowly-winged upwards, and slightly scabrous on the under side.
Veins throughout very thick and prominent. Sori copious all over
the frond. IJndusiuwm cylindrical, with an attenuated base and a
spreading, entire mouth, seated on a short supra-axillary lacinia, or
else terminal, partially immersed, or with two wings, which are some-
times so narrow as scarcely to be perceptible. Heceptacle exserted,
about twice the length of the indusium, and quite straight.

This is closely related to the 7! angustatwm of Carmichael, as
figured in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum.

PuateE 386.—Fig. 5. Frond, of the natural size. 5a. View of a
portion of the same, from beneath. 5 6. Sorus, with part of the indu-
sium removed. 6c. Sporangia.—The details more or less magnified.

x * * * Ehizoma coespitosum.

16. TricHoMANES Smitu, Hook.

Trichomanes Smithii, Hook. Ic. Pl. 8, t. 704, & Spec. Fil. 1, p. 188.

Has. Mountains near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trunks
of trees.

A charming species, and very peculiar in its cellular structure.
The fronds are from 4 to 6 inches long, very slender, and delicately
“ subpalmato-pinnatifid,” with elongated, remote, spreading lacinie;
the ultimate ones the longest. Cells linear and transversely arranged
in longitudinal rows, traversed by oblique partitions, the marginal
row the smallest. Indusium urceolate, coriaceous, seated on a short
and supra-axillary lacinia, almost free, having only a narrow wing at
the base, which sometimes extends to the spreading mouth. Recep-
tacle very long, slender and curved, exserted at least four times the

length of the indusium.
65

958 FILICES.

17. TRICHOMANES POLYANTHOS, Hook.

Trichomanes polyanthos, Hook. Ic. Pl. 8, t. 703, & Spee. Fil. 1, p. 138.
Has. Feejee Islands: terrestrial.

Plant tufted. Stipes 4 to 6 inches long, stout, terete, scabrous, and
beset with sparse, long, brown hairs. Fronds 8 to 12 inches long,
ovate-lanceolate, pinnate. Pinnz lanceolate, spreading, subfalcate,
tripinnatifid; the crowded segments and laciniz linear, obtuse, with
thick prominent veins. Sori numerous, equally distributed all over
the frond, with a supra-axillary, campanulate, short, free indusium ;
the receptacle short and included.

18. TRICHOMANES ANCEPS, (., Hook.

Trichomanes anceps, var. 8., Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 135, t. 40, C. f. 3.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands. Luzon,
Philippine Islands: terrestrial.

Our plant is without doubt Sir William Hooker’s variety @. of this
species; which occurs very frequently at all the above groups of
islands, and has the faculty of producing new individuals from
viviparous buds, formed on the thick black roots. Fronds tufted,
from 6 to 15 inches long, somewhat rigid, pinnate. Pinnx distant,
at least next the base, spreading; the ultimate divisions narrowly
linear-filiform, beset with bristle-like scales throughout. Rhachis
broad, compressed, and margined by flat edges. Stipe from 2 inches
to a span long, of a dull brown colour, subterete, ancipital, the
margins widening towards the base of the frond. Indusium small,
free, supra-axillary, cylindrical, slightly curved and attenuated at the
base; the mouth entire and spreading. Receptacle slightly exserted.

The difference between this and the type of the species consists in
the presence of capillary pales on the surface of the whole plant, and

POLYPODIACE &. 259

in the ultimate divisions of the fronds being narrower and more seta-
ceous.

19. TRICHOMANES EXALTATUM, Sp. Nov.

T. rhizomate cespitoso ; frondibus rigidis erectis oblongo-lanceolatis bipin-
natis; pinnis remotis suboppositis patentibus elongato-lanceolatis acu-
minatis; pinnulis oblongo-ovatis bipinnatifidis, lacinus linearibus
obtusis, stipite rhachique communi et partiali teretibus rufo-pilosis ;
indusio supra-axillart campanulato libero, ore integerrimo; recep-
taculo clavato via exserto.

Has. Feejee Islands: in mountain forests, at the elevation of 1,500
feet.

Rootstock tufted. Fronds rigid, from 1% to 2 feet long, and 8 to 12
inches broad, erect, oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate. Inferior pinne distant,
subopposite, spreading, elongated-lanceolate; the superior ones more
approximate and ascending in their direction, and tapering gradually
into a finely pinnatifid point. Ultimate divisions or lacinie short,
crowded, narrow-linear, obtuse. Stipe from 8 to 10 inches long, stout,
and together with the main and secondary rhachis terete, beset with
reddish-brown hairs. Sori very numerous, particularly on the upper
half of the frond. Jndusium supra-axillary, free, nearly bell-shaped,
with an entire mouth. Receptacle clavate, scarcely exserted. Whole
plant of a dull dark green when dry.

Perhaps the largest species of the genus. It is related to T. mev-
folium, Bory; but has much larger fronds, the inferior pinnze more
distant, and the indusium shorter as well as wider at the mouth.

20. TRICHOMANES MEIFOLIUM, Bory.

Trichomanes metfolium, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 509; Blume, Enum. PI.
Jay. p. 227; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 137.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Sand-
wich Islands.

260 FILICES.

In the Hawaiian plant, the fronds are more erect and rigid in con-
sistence; their ultimate divisions broader and less deeply divided, and
the indusium shorter and wider at the mouth than in that from
Luzon. The Tahiti specimens agree with those of the Sandwich
Islands. On the first examination we supposed that these might
constitute a distinct species; but a closer comparison did not reveal
any further or more important differences between them and the
Luzon plant.

21. TRICHOMANES LONGISETUM, Bory.

Trichomanes longisetum, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 510; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1,
p- 187.

Has. Feejee Islands: on trees, in mountain forests; rare.

A well-marked species; distinguished from the preceding by its
much smaller fronds, with the rhachis winged above; its pinne
narrower, more distant, and deflexed, with linear-capillaceous and
forked laciniw; the indusium curved; the receptacle long and fili-
form, exserted nearly half an inch.

22. TRICHOMANES RIGIDUM, Sw.

Trichomanes rigidum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 144; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 512; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 185.

T. Mandiocanum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 64, t. 79, f. 2.

T. achilleefolium, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 512.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. (6. Feejee Islands.

The rootstock of this sometimes rises to a height of one or two
inches, bearing on its crown 4 to 8 fronds, with a stipe 2 to 5 inches
long; the latter is round, with two narrow marginal lines, and _ beset
with brown compressed hairs at the base. Fronds usually rather
longer than the stipe, oblong, acuminate, bipinnate, with linear-lan-
ceolate, inciso-pinnatifid pinnules; the laciniz linear, acute, bifid or
trifid; the primary and secondary rhachis slightly margined. Indu-

POLYPODIACES. 261

sium supra-axillary on the inner edge of a lacinia, somewhat urceolate-
cylindrical, the mouth entire. Receptacle slender, and sometimes
exserted for half an inch.

The specimens from the Feejee Islands evidently belong to the
variety @. of Hooker, having their “ultimate and penultimate divi-
sions broader and more crowded.” The round stipe and main rhachis
are not unlike those of 7. angustatum, to which also, the outline and
colour of its fronds bear no inconsiderable resemblance.

23. TRICHOMANES ELONGATUM, A. Cunn.

Trichomanes elongatum, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 368 ; Hook. Ie.
Pl. 8, t. 701, & Spec. Fil. 1, p. 184.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in dense and
humid forests; terrestrial.

Plant ceespitose; the rootstock erect and slightly elongated, crowned
by a tuft of nearly erect fronds, 4 to 6 in number, of a deep green
colour, 3 or 4 inches long, deltoid-ovate, and bipinnate. Pinnules
crowded and imbricated, oblong, cuneate at the base, incisely-lobed ;
the lacinie entire and acute, or bifid, with a very thick and promi-
nent venation. Sori copious. Indusium supra-axillary, free, cylin-
drical, with an attenuated base, and an entire scarcely spreading
mouth. Receptacle curved, exserted twice or thrice the length of the
indusium. Stipe from 3 to 6 inches long, with a few scattered brown
scaly hairs at the base; the rhachis perfectly round and smooth.

This species, so far as we can learn, has only been detected on
the northern island of New Zealand. It is very nearly related to
the ZT rigidum of Swartz, and differs from that. species only by the
broader and imbricated pinnules, the larger and more cylindrical
indusium, and the round stipe and main rhachis.

24. TRICHOMANES JAVANICUM, Blume.

Trichomanes Javanicum, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 224; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
240; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 130.
T. alatum, Bory, in Duperr. Voy. Bot. p. 282, t. 38, f. 2.
66

962 FILICES.

Has. Feejee Islands. Samoan Islands. Luzon, Philippine Islands;
terrestrial.

This is an extremely well-marked species, of peculiar habit, and of
frequent occurrence on these islands, in humid mountain forests.
The rootstock is erect, from one to 3 inches high, supported all round
by strong and black, wiry roots, and bearing at its summit the nearly
erect pinnate fronds, from 3 to 6 in number, and 6 or 8 inches in
length, of a harsh and firm consistence, and usually drying black ;
the stipe and rhachis round, not very distinctly margined, beset with
scattered blackish hairs. Pinne alternate, subpetiolate, linear-oblong,
obtuse and obliquely cuneate at the base, the upper margin and some-
times the outer half of the lower one deeply incised or serrate. The
urceolate and nearly free indusium is seated in the sinuses of the
lacinie, its mouth entire; and the straight receptacle 1s exserted for
about half its length.

79. HYMENOPHYLLUM, Sm.

x Frondes glabre, pinnatifide.
1. HymENoPHYLLUM ASPLENIOIDES, Sv.

Hymenophyllum asplenioides, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 149; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 516;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 87.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: growing on the trunks and branches
of trees.

A well-marked species, with a slender creeping rhizoma, and fili-
form stipes, usually about half as long as the fronds, which average
from 3 to 4 inches in length, and are oblong-lanceolate in form, some-
times linear-oblong, and pinnatifid a little more than half-way down
to the rhachis, when dry of a reddish-brown colour; the segments
obtusely lobed, beautifully punctate-reticulated. Indusium orbicular
and two-valved, a little sunk in the points of the lobes; the receptacle
short and included.

POLYPODIACES. 263

* * Frondes bi-iripinnatifide, ciliate vel pilose.
2. HYMENOPHYLLUM CILIATUM, Sw.

Hymenophyllum ciliatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 147; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 519; Hook.
& Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 35; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 88.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: on moist rocks.

The excellent figure in the Icones Filicum represents the indusium
precisely as it exists in our plant; that is, not at all “cordate or
oblique” at the base, a character which is, however, said by Sir
William Hooker, in his Species Filicum, to be very constant.

3. HyMENOPHYLLUM LANCEOLATUM, Hook. & Arn.

Hymenophyllum lanceolatum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 109; Hook. Spec.
Fil. 1, p. 94, t. 34, B.

Has. Sandwich Islands.

This is of very frequent occurrence, creeping on rocks and the
trunks of trees. Its broadly lanceolate and bipinnatifid fronds, with
appressed, simple, or forked hairs on the margin of the segments and
costa, and the orbicular, ciliated indusium, are its most characteristic
features. The fronds and slender rootstock in a recent state are of a
brown colour. In elevated and exposed situations it assumes the
dwarf, compact habit of 7. obtuswm, from which it is then known only
by the fronds being less hirsute and more contracted into a point.

4, HyMENOPHYLLUM opTusUM, Hook. & Arn.

Hymenophyllum obtusum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 109; Hook. Spee. Fil.
1, p. 93, t. 38, D.

Has. Sandwich Islands.

264 FILICES.

This very interesting, neat, and rather rare species, was detected
by us growing on the trunks of different species of Cibotiwm ; its
small, black, wiry, creeping roots insinuating themselves into the
bases of the decayed stipes of these arborescent Ferns, and frequently
covering their whole trunk with its oblong, obtuse, tripinnatifid, ferru-
gineous, hairy fronds.

x * * Frondes pinnate seu bi-tripinnatifidee (haud pilose), marginibus serratis vel
dentatis.

5, HymMENoPpHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE, Sim.

Hymenophyllum Tunbridgense, Sm. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 147; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
520; Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 159; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 91;
A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 369; Newm. Brit. Ferns, p. 93 ; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 95.

H. minimum, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 91, t. 14, f. 2.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: on moist rocks
and the trunks of trees, in shady woods.

In Newman’s History of British Ferns, we find a good figure of
this species, with which our plant agrees in all essential charac-
teristics; the principal difference between the two consisting in the
relative size of the plants, the New Zealand one being considerably
the smaller.

6. HymenopoyLtitum Witson1, Hook.

Hymenophyllum Wilsont, Hook. Brit. Fl. ed. 4, p. 890, Engl. Bot. Suppl. t. 2686,
& Spec. Fil. 1, p. 95.

Has. Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego: on rocks and wet, shady
banks.

The habit of the plant, as well as the form and nature of the ser-
ratures of the fronds (which are somewhat smaller), are certainly
very much like the preceding species; the frond with the stipe not

POLYPODIACESA. 265

being over an inch in height. The principal difference consists in
the somewhat more inflated indusium of the present plant, and its
entire valves.

7, HyMENOPHYLLUM AFFINE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 37.)

H.. rhizomate filiformi repente ; stipitibus brevibus tenuibus teretibus parce
vullosis; frondibus parvis membranaceis late ovatis bipinnatifidis ;
pinnis imbricato-confertis subflabellutis, laciniis lineari-oblongis obtusis
simplicibus vel bifidis spinuloso-serratis; indusio supra-axillari obo-
vato basi subimmerso infra medium usque bivalvi, labiis integerrimis ;
receptaculo brevi incluso.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on rocks.

Rootstock long, filiform, and creeping. Stipes about half an inch in
length, very slender, terete, sparingly villous. Fronds bipinnatifid, from
half an inch to an inch in length, membranaceous, broad-ovate or
ovate in circumscription, with imbricated and somewhat subflubelliform
pinne; the lacinie linear-oblong, obtuse and simple, or oblong and
bifid, the margin spinulose-serrate. Sori few on the upper half of the
fronds; the indusium supra axillary, obovate, plane, and two-valved
for fully two-thirds of its length, the margin of the lips entire, the

base only slightly immersed in a short segment. Receptacle short
included.

This is related to the H. Tunbridgense ; from which it is distin-
guished by the shorter stipe, the broader fronds, the crowded and
imbricated pinne, and particularly by its obovate, deeply divided,
entire-lipped indusium. In the latter respect it resembles more the
HT, Wilsoni, but the indusium is not inflated at the base as in that
species; the form of the fronds and direction of the pinnz are also
very different.

PLATE 37.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. Portion of the
same, seen from beneath. 14. View of a single sorus, with one-half
of the indusium removed. lc. Sporangium.—The details more or

less magnified.
67

266 FILICES.

8. HyMENOPHYLLUM SECUNDUM, Hook. & Grev.
Hymenophyllum secundum, Hook. & Grev. Ie. Fil. t. 183 ; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 100.

Has. Good Success Bay, and Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego:
on trunks of trees, and mossy banks, among bushes.

Our numerous specimens of this species are none of them nearly so
large as the figure in the Icones Filicum, with which in other respects
they perfectly agree.

9. HymenorpHyLtitum Ness, Hook.

Hymenophyllum Neesti, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 99.
Trichomanes Neesti, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. 2, p. 226.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

We cannot determine whether the present species ought to be re-
tained in Hymenophyllum or be remanded to Trichomanes, owing to
the mutilated condition of the few specimens we have to examine, and
therefore follow Sir William Hooker, who refers it to the present
genus. The few indusia on our specimens are oblong, and divided
for one-third of their length into two somewhat acute and dentate
valves; the receptacle extends as far as the tips of the valves, but
not beyond them. _

10. HymenopHyitium Fersrrnsis, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 37.)

H. stipitibus gracilibus teretibus glabris; frondibus late ovatis acumi-
natis pinnatis; pinnis alternis patentibus ovato-oblongis bi-tripinnatt-
fidis, laciniis angusto-linearibus obtusis spinuloso-dentatis; rhacha
flexuosa sursum marginata; soris terminalibus vel supra-aaillaribus ;
indusio ovato bipartito, valvis superne argute serratis; receptaculo
incluso.

POLYPODIACES. 267

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: on moist rocks and trees, at the ele-
vation of 2,000 feet.

Plant very abundant in the above localities. Rootstock setose.
Stipes 3 inches and upwards in length, slender, smooth, terete.
Fronds usually about the same length as the stipe, elastic, broad-
ovate, contracting into an acuminate point, pinnate, at least near the
base, where the main rhachis is occasionally slightly margined, and
usually with the secondary rhachis a little flecuose. Pinne alternate,
spreading, ovate-oblong; the inferior ones distant and tripinnatifid ;
the superior bipinnatifid; the laciniw short, narrow-linear, obtuse, spr-
nulose-dentate. Rhachis flecuose, margined towards the upper portion.
Sori few, confined to the upper half of the frond, and situated either
on short supra-axillary lacinise, which is their usual position, or on
the points of the outer lacinia. Jndusiwm small, ovate, and split into
two valves almost to its base, which is slightly immersed in the
lacinia, the upper half of the valves sharply serrated. Receptacle
encluded.

In habit and general characters this stands near to H. bivalve,
Swartz; but it differs from that species in its slightly margined
rhachis, and the sharply serrated indusium.

Piate 37.—Fig. 2. Plant, of the natural size. 2a. Portion of a
frond, seen from beneath. 26. View of a sorus, with one-half of the
indusium removed. 2c. Sporangia.—The details more or less mag-

nified.

11. Hymenopuyiium tortuosum, Banks & Solund.

Hymenophyllum tortuosum, Banks & Soland.; Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 129; Hook.
Spee. Fil. 1, p. 99.

Has. Orange Harbour and Good Success Bay, Tierra del Fuego:
very abundant on mossy and shady banks, and occasionally creeping
up the trunks of trees. Remarkable on account of the tortuous
nature of the wings on the stipe and rhachis.

268 FILICES.

12. HyMENOPHYLLUM FUCOIDES, Sw.

Hymenophyllum fucoides, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 146; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 522; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 101.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The species sometimes produces its sori in pairs on the tips of the
somewhat bifid or emarginate laciniz.

x * x * Frondes pinnatisecte, marginibus integerrimis, nec ciliatis nec serratis.
13. HyMENOPHYLLUM DILATATUM, Sw.

- Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 147 & 3873; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 583 ;
Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. 2, p. 221; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 60; A. Cunn. in
Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 868; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 104.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in deep and
damp forests, on dead wood and trees; frequent. Feejee Islands;
rare. Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Some specimens of this very handsome species are over two feet in
length; the fronds oblong, acuminate, and tripinnatifid, somewhat
lucid. Sori terminal, invariably borne towards the summit of the
fronds, or at least confined to the upper half. Sporangia in age pro-
jecting beyond the margin of the two-valved, orbicular indusium ; the
tip of the clavate receptacle then about equal with the margin of the
valves.

14. HymEnopnyLium Frormosum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 37.)

H., stipitibus basi teretibus superne alatis; frondibus erectis oblongo-
lanceolatis acuminatis tripinnatipartitis; pinnis primariis alternis
adscendentibus, seconduriis ovutis obtusis subpalmatis ; laciniis angusto-
linearibus obtusis simplicibus vel bifidis; soris paucis supra-axilla-

POLYPODIACE 4S. 269

ribus; indusio orbiculari inflato basi in laciniam brevem immerso
bipartito, valvis integerrimis ; receptaculo brevi apice capitato.

Has. Mountain forests of Tahiti, Society Islands: on rocks and
trunks of trees.

Rootstock very long and creeping. Stipes smooth, terete at the
base but margined above. Fronds erect, quite elastic, drying of a dull
brown colour, of an oblong-lanceolate form, acuminate, tripinnatifid,
and frequently with a partially caudate-acuminate point, from 8 to
10 inches in length and 4 to 6 inches broad; all the divisions rather
crowded; the primary ones alternate, ascending, somewhat imbricated
and pointing upwards; the secondary ones broad-ovate, obtuse, and
divided in a palmated manner; the lacinie narrow-linear, obtuse,
simple or bifid. Sori rather few, confined to the upper half of the
frond, seated on short lateral lacinice (supra-axillary). Indusium orbi-
cular, inflated, entire, the base slightly immersed, the two valves divided
almost to the base, and enclosing the short capitate receptacle.

A very handsome species, allied to H. dilatatum, Swartz, in the
tripinnatifid fronds and the subpalmate secondary divisions: but
differing in the more crowded and ascending primary divisions, which
are not at all translucent; also in the supra-axillary sori and the
anomalous capitate receptacle.

Puate 37.—Fig. 3. Frond, of the natural size. 3a. Portion of the
same. 30. A single sorus, with the indusium removed. 3c. A
sporangium.—More or less magnified.

15. HyMENOPHYLLUM RECURVUM, Gaud.

Hymenophyllum recurvum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 876; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 109; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 104, t. 37, C.

Has. Sandwich Islands; where it is a very common Fern, on the
trunks of trees.

This is the most variable species of the genus that has come under
68

270 FILICES.

our notice. The fronds are either bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid, with
the primary divisions recurved or ascending; and the tips of the
laciniea are usually emarginate (a character overlooked by Gaudi-
chaud). The stipes are either very slightly margined or winged.
The indusium is either orbicular and entire, or ovate and serrate at
the upper margin, its position either supra-axillary or terminal (the
latter seldom), the base immersed, while above it is two-valved about
half-way down.

16. HyMENOPHYLLUM POLYANTHOS, Sw.

Hymenophyllum polyanthos, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 149; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 530; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 106; A. abietienum, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 127.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, and also in the Organ Mountains,
Brazil.

Our plant is 4 or 5 inches high, with ovate-oblong and tripinnatifid
fronds; the inferior pinne small and rather distant. Stipes slightly
winged. Indusium ovate and partially immersed, divided into two
valves almost to its base.

In his Species Filicum, Sir William Hooker has referred to 4.
polyanthos a great number of nominal species, established by various
authors. Whether this view be ultimately adopted or not, his excel-
lent judgment, and the vast amount of materials at his command,
entitle his opinions to the highest consideration.

17. HyMENOPHYLLUM GRACILE, Bory.

Hymenophyllum gracile, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 527; Hook. & Grev. Ie. Fil.
t. 198; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 110.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests, growing on the
trunks of trees.

The inferior pinne in our plant are shorter than they are repre-
sented in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum; giving the outline of

POLYPODIACES. 271

the frond an oblong-lanceolate form. The lacinie are short and
obtuse, frequently bifid. Indusium of an oblong-ovate form, its base
partially immersed in the tips of the lacinie.

18. HyMENOPHYLLUM CAUDICULATUM, Mart.
Hymenophyllum caudiculatum, Mart. ex Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 102.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil: growing on rocks and trees.

Plant from 4 to 6 inches high. Stipe terete, broadly winged,
the wings extending almost to the base. Fronds somewhat rigid,
erect, broad-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and tripinnatifid,
somewhat glossy, and of a dark brown colour when dry; the primary
divisions very much crowded, a little imbricated and spreading,
oblong-lanceolate, and terminating in a lengthened caudate point ;
secondary divisions simple or subpalmate. Lacinix short, linear-
oblong, obtuse, emarginate. Rhachis broadly winged, the wings
slightly undulated. Sori supra-axillary or terminal. Indusium large,
compressed, two-valved to its base, orbicular, sometimes a little reni-
form in shape, and erose on the upper margin. Receptacle short and
thick at the end, as in our H. formosum.

This is certainly the H. caudiculatum of Martius, as described by
Sir William Hooker in his Species Filicum, where he refers a plant
from Chiloe to it. The species is well marked by the broadly-winged
stipe and rhachis, the long caudate points of the pinnee, and some-
times of the points of the fronds also, and the very large orbicular
indusia.

19. HymenoPHyLLuM FLEXUosUM, A. Cunn.

Hymenophyllum flecuosum, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 369; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 105.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand; growing
among decayed leaves, in humid forests.

972 FILICES.

A very beautiful species, having a broad and crisped wing on its
rhachis and the upper half of the terete stipe, which, together with
the three or four times pinnate fronds, averages from 8 to 10 inches
in length, the latter usually twice as long as the former. Sori seated
on the tips of short lacinia near the point of the pinna. Indusium
orbicular and divided into two valves down to the hase ; the valves
convex and entire. According to Sir William Hooker this is closely
related to the H. crispatum of Wallich.

x * * « * Frondes inferne pinnate, superne pinnatipartite ; laciniis planis
integerrimis.

20. HyMENOPHYLLUM FLABELLATUM, Labill,

Hymenophyllum flabellatum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. 2, p. 101, t. 250, f. 1; Willd.
Spec. Pl. 5, p. 526; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 111.

H. nitens, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. p. 159; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 197; A.
Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 94; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 369.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Also in the
Feejee Islands.

The figure of H. nitens in the Icones Filicum is a very charac-
teristic representation of our Feejee plant. The New Zealand plant
is much smaller; the fronds ovate and cordate at the base. In both
the rhizoma and stipe are pilose.

91. HyMENOPHYLLUM DEMISSUM, Sw.

Hymenophyllum demissum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 147 & 374; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 528 ;
A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 92; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 369;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 109.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand; frequent, and
usually terrestrial: growing in forests, commonly on decayed wood
and leaves.

POLYPODIACES. 273

80. SITOLOBIUM, Desv., J. Sn.
(Dicxson1# Spec. Sw. & Auct. Cuncrra Spec. Presl. Paranta, Presl.)

1. SrTOLOBIUM DUBIUM.

Davallia dubia, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 157.
Dicksonia dubia, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 367; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 71, t. 24, C.
Balantium Brownianum, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 184, t. 5, f. 4.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson, New South Wales.

We have failed to make out such an evident accessory indusium
as that shown by Presl in his Tentamen Pteridographiz. Our plant
may not be fully developed in all its parts; yet the form of the
indusium is precisely that figured by Hooker in his Species Filicum.
But setting aside the ill-defined accessory indusium, which consists of
the scarcely changed lobule or tooth of the frond, the habit of the
plant harmonizes with the present genus.

2, SITOLOBIUM STRAMINEUM.
Dicksonia straminea, Labill. Sert. Austr. Cal. p. 7, t. 10; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 71.
Has. Somu Somu, Feejee Islands.
This differs but little from the preceding species, and is only to be
distinguished by its larger fronds, which are smooth on the upper
surface, and by its larger special indusium, the upper or accessory one

formed by a more evident changed and reflexed lobule or tooth of the

frond.

3. SrTOLOBIUM ADIANTOIDES, J. Sm.

Sitolobium adiantoides, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 434.
68

274 FILICES.

Dicksonia adiantoides, Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. p. 488 ; Hook. Spec. Fil.
1, p. 75, t. 26, B.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

This is a large, handsome, and very distinct species, having smooth
and tripinnate fronds.

4, Srtotosrum SAmoenssE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 38.)

L. stipite levi; frondibus amplis glabris flaccidis tripinnatis ; pinnis
primariis et secundariis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis apice serratis ;
pinnulis lanceolato-oblongis obtusis lobato-serratis basi obliquis cuneatis,
lobo infimo superiore majore ; rhachi partiali costa venisque dichotomis
pilis articulatis hirsutis; soris parvis in dente brevi prope basim
sinuum impositis solitariis ; indusio reflexo cyathiformi.

Has. Island of Savaii, Samoan Group.

Stipe smooth. Fronds very large, tripinnate, glabrous on both sides,
flaccid, the upper surface somewhat shining. The primary and
secondary divisions are alternate and spreading, oblong-lanceolate, and
contracted rather suddenly into a finely serrated point. Pinnules
about half an inch in length, approximate, lance-oblong, obtuse, ob-
liquely cuneate at the base, lobate-serrate, the points of the lobes some-
times bluntly toothed and slightly recurved, the lower and superior
one invariably the largest. The rhachis of the primary and secon-
dary pinns on the upper side are partially furnished with a short
rufous pubescence; while on the under side only the secondary ones,
with the costa and veins, are beset with scattered articulated hairs.
Sori very small, a single one being seated on a short tooth arising from
the inner edge of the lobes of the pinnules, near the base of the sinuses.
Indusium refleced, cup-shaped, its mouth quite entire.

This species is closely related to Dicksonia apiifolia, Swartz; but is
distinguished by its more reflexed, cup-shaped indusium, and appa-
rently larger fronds.

POLYPODIACEZ. 275

Prats 3. Fig. 1. Part of a frond, of the natural size. la. Dorsal
view of a portion of the same. 14. Smaller portion, showing a

single sorus. 1c. Sporangium.—The dissections more or less mag-
nified.

5. SrroLoBIUM TENERUM.

Dicksonia tenera, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 186, t. 5, £.6&7; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 61, A.
Has. On the Organ Mountains, Brazil.

We have in our possession specimens of Dicksonia adiantoides,
Link., procured from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Berlin, with which
our Brazilian plant perfectly agrees; and the latter, on the other hand,
corresponds equally well with the Dicksonia tenera, Presl, as figured
in Hooker’s Genera Filicum. The indusium is cup-shaped, but some-
times it shows a slight disposition to be two-lipped.

6. SITOLOBIUM RUBIGINOSUM, J. Sm.

Sitolobium rubiginosum, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 484.
Dicksonia rubiginosa, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 926; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 79, t. 27, A.

Has. On the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil. (All the spect-
mens are destitute of sori.)

7. SrroLOBIUM SCANDENS ?

S. frondibus tripinnatis membranaceis glabris; pinnis oppositis sessilt-
bus remotis patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; pinnulis sub-
oppositis oblongo-lanceolatis pinnatipartitis, segmentis subdimidiato-
oblongis obtusis obtuse lobato-dentatis ; rhachi primaria straminea
angulata partialibusque aculeatis; costa rufo-hirsuta ; venis tenuibus,
venulis dichotomis.

Dicksonia scandens, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. 2, p. 240? Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 78.

276 FILICES.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: on the northwest slope of Mount
Aorai.

The fronds are smooth, membranaceous, and tripinnate; the pinne
opposite, sessil, distant, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, and spreading; the
pinnules nearly opposite, oblong-lanceolate, and deeply pinnatifid; the
segments subdimidiate-oblong, obtuse, and bluntly lobate-dentate. The
primary rhachis is angular, of a pale straw-colour, and together with
the secondary ones, beset with numerous brown and glossy prickles,
which are frequently double or approximate in pairs. Costa rufous-
hirsute. Veins slender, the venules forking.

The only specimen of this singular Fern in the collection is desti-
tute of sori, about fifteen inches in length, and consists of the extre-
mity of what apparently has been a large frond; it was collected by
Mr. James D. Dana, Mineralogist to the Expedition, while on an
excursion to the summit of Mount Aorai.

The character of the frond agrees so nearly with the description of
the Dicksonia scandens of Blume, that we cannot, in the absence of
the sori, do otherwise than refer it provisionally to that species.

81. DICKSONIA, L#erit., J. Sm.
(Batantu Spec. Kaulf. Cuncrra, Presl.)
1. DicKSoNIA SQUARROSA, Sw.

Dicksonia squarrosa, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 186 & 855; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 485; A.
Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 867; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 68.

Has. On high ridges; vicinity of the Bay of Islands, and Wanga-
rara Bay (Northern Island), New Zealand.

A beautiful arborescent Fern; with a stout and erect trunk, from 4
to 6 feet high, crowned by a compact head of short and rigid fronds.
The points and serratures of its divisions are quite pungent. Stipes
short and black, their surface closely studded with short, hard, raised
points, and with long, spreading, brownish hairs at the base. The
plant is usually found in open and unshaded situations.

POLYPODIACES. 277

2. Dickson1A SELLOWIANA, Hook.
Dicksonia Sellowiana, Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 67, t. 22, B.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

In character this agrees precisely with the description and the
small figure in Hooker’s Species Filicum. When the fronds are
young, the rhachis of the pinnules is furnished with articulated and
somewhat appressed hairs, which disappear with age.

3. DicksoniA BERTEROANA, Hook.
Dicksonia (Balantium) Berteroana, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 67, t. 28, A.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands: at the altitude of 2,000 feet.

Arboreseent. Trunk 4 to 6 feet high, bearing large, spreading,
tripinnate, coriaceous, glabrous fronds, with a very thick and slightly
woolly stipe and main rhachis. Pinnules oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, deeply pinnatifid, the point entire and serrate, of a paler colour
on the under than the upper surface, somewhat imbricated. Segments
oblong-ovate, subacute, serrated, somewhat falcate, the inferior one
often with a lobe at the base: rhachis of the primary and secondary
divisions clothed with a close fulvous tomentum above. Fertile
fronds smaller, quadripinnate, the ultimate divisions parted down to
the costa into 6 or 8 lobes; or, in other words, the foliaceous sub-
stance of the frond is so contracted, that little more than the mere
costa and veins are present, these being at most slightly winged ; each
lobe terminated by a single large sorus. The accessory indusium is
more coneave, and larger than the special one.

With the exception of the following species, this is perhaps the
most elegant of the genus. The fronds are not always strictly of two
kinds, for sometimes we find at the base of a generally sterile frond,
one or two contracted and fertile pinnules; and, on the other hand,
what would be considered a fertile frond, frequently bears sterile

pinnules at the middle of the pinne or elsewhere.
70

978 FILICES.

4, DicksontA TorreYana, Sp. Nov.* (Tab. 38.)

D. arborescens; stipitibus glabris semiteretibus; frondibus supradecom-
positis fluccidis ; pinnis primartis et secundariis ovato-oblongis acumi-
natis; pinnulis ultimis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis pinnatifidis bast
obliquis, laciniis oblongo-lanceolatis dentatis; rhachi ultima costisque
subtus parce pilosis; soris parvis sinubus dentiwm impositis ; indusio
fere membranaceo, valvis ceequalibus.

Has. Feejee Islands; in mountain forests; rare.

Trunk from 8 to 10 feet high, its surface rough, owing to the base
of the old stipes remaining attached to it. Fronds few and, with the
smooth and semiterete stipe, from 8 to 12 feet long, flaccid, spreading
and supra-decompound; the primary and secondary divisions ovate-
oblong, unequal at the base, tapering gradually into a slender and
finely serrated point; the wltimate divisions approximate and some
what imbricated, oblong-lanceolate, acute, and pinnatifid; the seq-
ments lance-oblong, toothed. ERhachis and costa of the ultimate divisions
pilose with scattered hairs beneath, while in the young fronds the
rhachis, costa, and veins throughout are closely beset with weak and
whitish hairs, which almost entirely disappear at maturity. Veins
pinnate, the venules forked. Sori small and rather numerous, seated
in the sinuses of the teeth, and continuing outwards almost to the tips
of the pinnules. Special and accessory indusium about equal in size, of
a pale straw colour, rather membranaceous, and breaking down under
a very slight. pressure. The whole plant is very graceful, and the
fronds more compoundly divided than in any other species with which
we are acquainted.

Puate 38.—Fig. 2. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. 2a.
A portion of the same, seen from beneath. 26. Smaller portion,

with a single sorus. 2c. A sporangium.—The dissections more or
less magnified.

* Named in compliment to Professor John Torrey, one of our oldest and most distin-
guished American botanists.

POLYPODIATE XS. 279

82. CIBOTIUM, Kaul.
(PrinontA, Gaud.)

This genus is distinguished from Dicksonia and other allied genera
by its very coriaceous or horny indusium, the valves of which point
downwards; the outer valve of the same substance as the inner, quite
independent of, and altogether of a different consistence from the margin
of the frond.

1. Crsotrum GLAucUM, Hook. & Arn.

Cibotium glaucum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 108 (excl. syn. Kaulf. &
Gaud.); Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 82, t. 29, A. .

Has. Sandwich Islands.

Plant arborescent. Trunk from 6 to 8 feet high, rather slender for
its stature, and crowned with large, spreading, smooth, subcoriaceous,
bipinnate fronds, which are glaucous beneath, and with linear-oblong,
acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, sessile pinnules, having serrated points.
Segments alternate, oblong and falcate, their apices acute and crenate.
Sori numerous, borne in a row near the margin, and continuing out-
wards about two-thirds of the length of the segments; the imner
valve of the indusium narrower and longer than the outer.

Of the three species of Cibotiwm detected by us at the Sandwich
Islands, the present is decidedly the most graceful, and, as far as
our observations extended, the rarest; as we only found it on the
island of Hawaii, in deep shady forests.

2. Crsotium Cuamissor, Kaul/f.

Cibotium Chamissot, Kaulf. Enum, Fil. p. 230, t. 1, 14; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 83.
Pinonia splendens, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 369, t. 21.

Has. Sandwich Islands.

280 FILICES.

Very distinct from the preceding species. Plant arborescent; the
trunk from 4 to 6 feet high. Stipes of a reddish-brown colour, and
with the main rhachis nearly round; but the former with a strong
rib on each side, its surface rough with numerous hard and elevated
black points. Fronds short, broad and spreading, coriaceous, bipin-
nate, of a paler colour on the under than the upper surface. Pinnules
lance-oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid about two-thirds down to the
rhachis; the point for about an inch entire, or lobate-crenate. Seg-
ments ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire or finely crenate. Sori copious,
from 4 to 14 on each segment, seated close to the margin, and often
continuing outwards to the very point. Indusium large and horny,
of a brown colour; the valves unequal, the inner one longer and nar-
rower than the outer.

This principally inhabits the outskirts of forests. It is liable to
vary in the depth of the divisions of its pinnules. The trunk is not
quite so tall as in C. glaucum, but like it is somewhat slender, con-
sidering its large crown of fronds. Individuals were frequently ob-
served growing close to the trunks of forest trees, the upper half of
the trunk of the Fern inclining towards and often leaning against
that of the trees, as if making use of them to support its heavy head
of fronds.

8. CrsoTrum Menztiesu, Hook.
Cibotium Menziesti, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 84, t. 29, C.
Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent.

This is again very different from either of the two preceding
species; having a shorter and thicker trunk, and shorter and more
coriaceous fronds, which are smooth on both sides; the under surface
of the pinnules glaucous, or at least of a much paler colour than the
upper, and lance-oblong, acuminate, pinnatifid nearly to the rhachis,
or sinuately pinnatifid; the segments or lobes ovate or ovate-oblong,
obtuse, and crenate; the numerous large sori seated close to the
margin, and extending from the base of the wide sinus nearly to the
point of the segments. Inner valve of the indusium larger and nar-

POLYPODIACES. 281

rower than the outer. Stipes thick, smooth, semiterete, sulcate in
front, clothed with long and brown, arachnoid-woolly hairs at the base.

The soft and fine, chestnut-brown, arachnoid-woolly hairs from
the base of the stipes, and in which the circinnate young fronds
nestle, is collected by the foreign residents and the more refined of

the native population of the Sandwich Islands, and used to stuff beds,
pillow-cases, and chair-cushions.

Triste VII. CYATHE A, Gaup, Hoox.
83. CYATHEA, Sn.
(DrspHentA, Presl.)
1. CYATHEA DEALBATA, Sw.

Cyathea dealbata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 140 & 865; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 495; A. Rich.
Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 77, t. 10; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 368;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 27.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

The plant is diffused throughout woods and sheltered ravines.
Trunk from § to 12 feet in height.

2. CYATHEA MEDULLARIS, Sw.

Cyathea medullaris, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 140 & 866; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 494; A.
Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 78; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 368;
Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 26, pro parte.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
71

989, FILICES.

This fine Tree-Fern has a trunk from 15 to 30 feet high, ter-
minated by numerous large fronds, which are often 15 feet in length,
including their stipe, and form a rather loose and irregular crown or
head.

*.

8. CYATHEA CANALICULATA, Willd.

C. stipite crasso minutim tuberculato ; frondibus bipinnatis subcoriaceis ;
pinnulis alternis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis profunde pinnatifidis
utrinque glabris, segmentis lineari-oblongis obtusis serratis, infimis
saepe lobato-pinnatifidis; rhachi communi antice canaliculata, par-
tialibus supra plus minus tomentosis ; venis subtus prominulis bis terve
furcatis; soris a costa subremotis; indusio membranaceo wregulariter
rumpente.

Cyathea canaliculata, Willd. Herb. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4, p. 126; Hook. Spec.
Fil. 1, p. 238, t. 11, B.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands: in mountain forests.

Stipe thick, beset with minute tubercles on the surface. The fronds
are large, somewhat coriaceous, bipinnate, smooth on both sides, and of a
pale green colour when dry; the pinnules alternate, somewhat over 6
inches in length and 1% inches broad, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
pinnate at the base, deeply pinnatifid towards the point; the base
of the sinuses angular. Segments linear-oblong, broad at the base,
obtuse at the point, the margin irregularly serrated or toothed; the
2 or 8 inferior pairs again slightly pinnatifid. Main rhachis channelled
in front; the secondary rhachis, together with the costa of the pin-
nules above, furnished with a short and pale brown tomentum. Veins
prominent on the under side, twice or thrice forked in a branching
manner. Sori at some distance from the costa, having a membranaceous
indusium which bursts irregularly.

The figure of this species in Hooker’s Species Filicum is a very fair
illustration of a like portion of our plant. The specimens were young
when collected; the short tomentum present on the rhachis may
disappear in age.

POLYPODIACESR. 283

4. CYATHEA AFFINIS, Sto. ?

C. stipiie semitereti basi paleaceo antice sulcato tuberculato; frondibus
glabris sibcoriaceis bipinnatis; pinnulis oblongis nunc lineart-lanceo-
latis acuminatis pinnatipartitis, segmentis lineart-oblongis subfaleatis
obtusis crenatis, infimis minoribus; costa subtus squamis laceris bul-
latis induta; venis tenuibus furcatis ; soris inter costam et marginem
equidistantibus ; indusio irregulariter rumpente.

Cyathea affinis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 140 & 368?; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 494?
Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands.

Trunk from 20 to 30 feet high. Fronds broad, smooth, subcoria-
ceous, pinnate; the inferior pinne small and distant, on a short, thick,
half-round stipe, which at the base is sulcate in front, and has a
compact line of long paleze seated on the edge of the furrows: pales
entire, about an inch long, the point much attenuated. Pinnules
oblong or sometimes linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pinnatifid almost to
the rhachis. Segments linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat falcate and cre-
nate; the lower and inferior one much the smallest, with numerous,
pale, bullate, lacerated scales on the costa beneath; while on the upper
side the rhachis and costa are furnished with a short brown pubes-
cence. Veins very slender, and forking once or twice. Sort nume-
rous, seated halfway between the margin and costa, forming a conti-
nuous line from the base of the segments to their apex. Indusiwm at
first globular, at length bursting open at the top irregularly, forming a
ragged-mouthed cup, which ultimately breaks into 4 or 5 lobes.

We have reason to believe that we are correct in referring our
plant to the C. affints of Swartz. It certainly is distinct from C
medullaris of the same author, to which Sir William Hooker, in his
Species Filicum, has united it. Our present species differs from C.
medullaris in its shorter pinne; its broader and obtuse segments,
with the sori seated a greater distance from the costa; the fronds are
of a darker green, and less harsh in their consistence; the tubercles
on the stipe are larger and more numerous, and the palew at the base
are longer.

284 FILICES.

84. ALSOPHILA, AR. Br., Presl.

(CyaTHEs® Spec. Auct. CHNOOPHORA, Kaulf.)
1. ALSOPHILA AUSTRALIS, Rt. Br.

Alsophila australis, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 158; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 50,
t. 19, A.

Has. Illawarra, New South Wales.

Trunk from 10 to 15 feet high. Stipes sharply muricated, almost
aculeate; and on the costa beneath are a few very conspicuous bul-
late scales.

2. ALSOPHILA FEROX, Prest.

Alsophila ferox, Pres], Tent. Pterid. p. 62; Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 41.
Polypodium aculeatum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 27, t. 42.

Has. On the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, and the Organ Moun-
tains, Brazil.

Trunk from 8 to 12 feet high, having the remains of the old stipes
attached. Stipes thick and glossy, armed with long and sharp
prickles. Fronds very large, bipinnate, and rather flaccid, the lower
pinne small and distant. Segments linear-oblong, falcate, and ser-
rate. Rhachis, costa, and veins clothed with a yellowish-brown
pubescence on both sides. Sori copious, in a single row about half-
way between the costa and margin, terminating about the breadth of
2 lines from the point of the segments. Sporangia confluent and
concealing the costa, seated on a hairy receptacle.

We have relied almost entirely upon the authority of Sir William
Hooker for this being the A. ferox of Presl: it is evidently the
Polypodium aculeatum of Raddi.

POLYPODIACES, 285

3. ALSOPHILA HIRTA, Kaulf.

Alsophila hirta, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 249; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 366.
A. hirsuta, Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 49.
Polypodium axillare, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 27, t. 41.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, and Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The upper portion of the stipe of this is thick, smooth, and fur-
rowed in front, with a very few scattered, raised points on its surface.
The fronds are large, lax, and bipinnate, with the pinnules pinnatifid
nearly to the rhachis; the primary divisions are distant, and the
main rhachis towards the extremity slender and flexuose, and, with
the secondary one, hairy on the upper side, while on the costa
beneath are scattered chaffy, lacerated, whitish, small scales. Seg-
ments oblong-linear, slightly faleate and dentate, bearing from 10 to
18 sori, which are axillary on the forkings of the veins.

4, ALSOPHILA CAUDATA, J. Sm.

Alsophila caudata, J. Sm. in Lond. Hook. Jour. Bot. 8, p. 419; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1,
p. 52, t. 20, B.

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands, near Banos : in mountain forests.

Whole plant unarmed. Fronds bipinnate, smooth, quite coriaceous,
and of a pale colour on both sides, somewhat glossy or glaucous
beneath. Pinnules sessile, the lower and inferior one adnate with
the rhachis, oblong-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, and deeply pinna-
tifid. Segments linear-oblong, subfalcate, obtuse or slightly acute,
and serrated, the lowest pair sometimes pinnatifid. Sori from 10 to
16 on a segment, seated close to the costa, which is partially con-
cealed by the light brown scales at the base of the receptacles.

5. ALSOPHILA LUNULATA, R. Br.? (Tab. 39.)

A. arborescens ; stipitibus crassis rhachibusque asperis ; frondibus amplis
72

286 FILICES.

subcoriaceis glabris bipinnatis; pinnulis sessilibus oblongo-lanceolatis
caudato-acuminatis basi pinnatis apice serratis, segmentis lineari-
oblongis falcatis subacutis serratis, sterilibus biserratis ; rhachi supra
tomentosa; costis subtus bullato-squamosis; venis prominulis Furcatis
parce setosis; soris plurimis coste quam margint proximis squame
destitutis ; pilis articulatis inter sporangia.

Alsophila lunulata, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 158 (adnot.)?; Hook. Spec. Fil.
1, p. 51.?
Polypodium lunulatum, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 40 & 235.?

Has. Samoan and Feejee Islands: in low, marshy places. Also
Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

Trunk arborescent, from 15 to 20 feet high, very stout and quite
straight; the stipes fall off and leave numerous oblong, whitish,
smooth cicatrices, the surface between which is covered with a thick
coating of long, slender, pale, chafly scales, mixed with black, wiry
roots; the whole crowned by numerous, large, and spreading, elegant,
smooth, somewhat coriaceous, bipinnate fronds ; the stipes, together with
the primary and secondary rhachis, roughened with numerous, hard,
raised points. | Pinnules sessile, oblong-lanceolate, with a caudate-acu-
minate, serrate point. Segments linear-oblong, falcate, somewhat acute,
serrate, in the sterile ones biserrate. Rhachis tomentose above, while
the costa beneath is furnished with pale bullate scales. The veins are
prominent, sparsely setose, and once or twice forked. Sori numerous,
seated nearer to the costa than the margin, and destitute of a scale at
the base. Sporangia mixed with jointed hairs.

Independent of the cicatrized trunk, the narrow and setaceous
points of the pinnules distinguish this species from all others of
the Pacific Islands, with which we are acquainted. Perhaps that
to which it approaches the nearest is the A. caudata of J. Smith, who
surmised that his plant might not be different from the A. Junulata of
R. Brown, concerning which very little appears to be known. We
therefore venture to give a figure of what we have doubtfully assumed
to be Mr. Brown’s plant, and the Polypodium lunulatum of Forster.

Piats 39.—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.

POLYPODIACEZ, 287

Dorsal view of a portion of the main rhachis. 1 8. Dorsal view of a
small portion of the frond. 1c,c. Hairs from veins on the under side.
- 1d. Scales from the under side of the costa. le. Vertical section

of asorus. 1/. Hairs from the receptacle. 1g. Sporangium.—The
dissections more or less magnified.

6. ALSOPHILA SAMOENSIS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 40.)

A. arborescens, inermis; stipitibus cum rhachi communi supra fulvo-
tomentosis ; frondibus glabris fere membranaceis bipinnatis; pinnults
sessilibus elongato-lanceolatis vie acwminatis pinnatifidis, segmentis
oblongis obtusis subfalcatis serratis; rhachibus partialibus cum costa
venisque (tenuibus furcatis supra setosis) subtus bullate-squamosis ;
soris paucis infra-axillaribus coste plusquam margint proximis ;
receptaculo columnart squama lacera stipato; pilis clavatis inter
sporangia.

Has. Samoan Islands.

Plant arborescent and destitute of prickles. Stipes and main rhachis
above furnished with a short and tawny tomentum. Fronds rather
flaccid, smooth, submembranaceous, bipinnate; the primary divisions
rather distant and spreading. Pinnules sessile, elongated-lanceolate,
with a slightly acuwminated serrate point, deeply pinnatifid at the base,
while towards the point they are less so. Segments oblong, obtuse, very
slightly faleate and serrated, beset with bullute scales on the costa and
veins beneath; the rhachis of the pinne and pinnules furnished above
with setose hairs. Veins slender, and most prominent on the under
side, usually only once forked. Sori few and small, from 4 to 8 on
a segment, seated on the veins immediately below the fork, and closer
to the costa than the margin. Receptacle columnar, furnished with a small

lacerated scale at its base. Sporangia mixed with articulated, clavate
hairs.

Puate 40.—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.
Small portion of the ‘frond, seen from below. 16. Small portion of
the costa of a pinnule, seen from above. 1c. Hairs from the costa.
1d. Hairs from veins on the under side. le. Receptacle. 1/7

IRS FILICBS.

Scale from the base of the receptacle. 1 g. Hairs from the receptacle.
1h, h, h. Sporangia. 1%. Sporules.—The dissections more or less
magnified.

7. ALSOPHILA TAHITENSIS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 40.)

A. frondibus bipinnatis; pinnulis parvis sessilibus glabris oblongo-lan-
ceolatis profunde pinnatifidis, segmentis oblongis obtusis crenulatis ;
rhachi communi flecuosa partialibusque supra rufo-tomentosis ; costa
subtus bullato-squamosa; venis simplicibus vel furcatis; soris costee
prozimis basi -indusio semicalyciformi membranaceo lacero intus stt-
patis; receptaculo subgloboso ; pilis inter sporangia nullis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Fronds bipinnate, apparently unarmed, having a rusty appearance ;
the divisions small and crowded. Pinnules sessile, smooth, usually
from one to 14 inches long and 3 to 4 lines broad, oblong-lanceolate,
pinnatifid almost to the rhachis. Segments scarcely 2 lines long and
not quite a line broad, oblong, obtuse, crenulate. Primary rhachis
flexuose, shrinking in drying, and, together with the secondary, rufous-
tomentose above; the costa beneath furnished with lacerated, rusty,
bullate scales. Veins thick, those nearest the base of the segments
only are forked. Sori copious, crowded, seated near the costa,
on the veins below the forkings, on a subglobose receptacle, having at
its base on the inner side a membranaceous, semicalyciform indusium,
the margin of which is lacerated; in a recent state it nearly covers
the sorus.

We unfortunately possess only the summit of a frond of this
very interesting species, whose calyciform indusium points to its
affinity with Hemitelia, R. Brown; but with which its habit and
venation do not at all agree.

PuatE 40.—Fig. 2. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. 2a.
Smaller portion of a frond, as seen from beneath. 26. Scale from
under side of the costa. 2c. Indusium. 2d. Vertical section of a sorus.
2, ¢e. Sporangia.—The dissections all more or less magnified.

POLYPODIACE &. 289

8. ALSOPHILA TRUNCATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 41.)

A. arborescens; stipitibus rhachique communi subteretibus furfuracers
muricatis ; frondibus tripinnatis coriaceis ; pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis ;
pinnulis breviter petiolulatis linearibus obtusis basi truncatis margine
refleco repando-crenatis; rhachibus partialibus costisque subtus squa-
mosis; venis plerumque furcatis; soris axillaribus 8-10 in quaque
pinnula inter costam et marginem eequidistantibus ; receptaculo via ele-
vato pilosa.

Has. Feejee and Samoan Islands: in mountain forests; rare.

Plant arborescent. Stipe firm and nearly round, and, together with
the main and rhachis of the primary pinne, muricated ; the surface
beneath its dull brown and /furfuraceous coating is glossy, as if var-
nished, and of a reddish-brown colour. Fronds large, tripinnate, coria-
ceous. Primary and secondary pinnee oblong-lanceolate, acuminate or
somewhat acute. Pinnules not over 3 or 4 lines in length, and scarcely
a line broad, seated on a very short petiole, linear, with an obtuse point
and a truncated base, the reflexed margin repand-crenate. Secondary
rhachis furnished beneath with lacerated scales, while the costa
of the pinnules beneath is beset with small bullate scales. Veins
forked, seldom simple. Sori about equidistant between the costa and
margin, on the forking of the veins, and without any evident scale at
the base of the slightly elevated hairy receptacle.

Puate 41.—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.
A small portion of the frond, seen from beneath. 16. Scale from

the rhachis. 1c, ¢. Sporangia.—The dissections more or Jess mag-
nified.

9. ALSOPHILA DECURRENS, Hook.

Alsophila decurrens, Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 51.

Has. Samoan Islands; frequent.
73

290 FILICES.

Trunk short and thick, from 2 to 4 feet high, having the base of
the old stipes still attached. Fronds large and rather flaccid,
tripinnate. The inferior pinne are small and distant, with the main
and secondary rhachis slender. The ultimate divisions small, beset
with white bullate scales beneath, and sparse hairs on the veins on the
upper side. Sori small and copious, one on each segment, near its
base, destitute of a scale. There are a few hairs on the somewhat

elevated receptacle.

85. TRICHOPTERIS, Presl.
1. TRICHOPTERIS EXCELSA, Presl.
Trichopteris excelsa, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 59, t. 1, f. 10; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 34.
Polypodium Teenitis, Roth, ex Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 119.
P. Corcovadense, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 26, t. 40.
Alsophila Tenitis, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 35.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Div. Il. GLEICHENIACEA, R. Be

86. GLEICHENIA, Willd., Prest.
(CALYMELLA, Presl.)

1, GLEICHENIA RUPESTRIS, A. Br.

Gleichenia rupestris, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 160; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 2,
t. 1, B.

Has. New South Wales, at Elizabeth Bay, Port Jackson: among
rocks in shady situations; frequent.

2. GLEICHENIA HECISTOPHYLLA, A. Cunn.

Gleichenia hecistophylla, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 361; Hook.
Spec. Fil. 1, p. 4, t. 2, B.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in open, hilly
lands.

This is very closely related indeed to the G. semivestita of Labil-
lardiere, as represented in Hooker's Species Filicum; and we doubt
much whether the slight difference there shown, would justify their
being retained as distinct species.

3. GLEICHENIA VULCANICA, Blume.
Gleichenia vulcanica, Blume, Enum. Plant. Jav. 2, p. 251; Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 4.

Has. Mount Ophir, Malacca.

999 FILICES.

A very small specimen of this was received by the Expedition,
from Mr. Balestier, United States Consul at Singapore. The speci-
men is without fructification, and otherwise not in a very good condi-
tion to determine whether it is specifically distinct from G. semv-
vestita, Labill., to which Mr. John Smith, in his Enumeratio Filicum
Philippinarum, has referred it. The form of the pinnules and segments
is certainly much the same; but the common rhachis in our plant
is densely covered on both sides with brown and slender pale.

87. MERTENSIA, Willd., Presl.
(GLEICHENIA, Spec. R. Br. & Auct.)

x Stipes simplex: frondes bipinnate ; pinnulis pinnatifidis.
1. MERTENSIA GLAUCA, Sw. ?

Mertensia glauca, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 164 & 890?
Gleichenia glauca, Hook. Spee. Fil. 1, p. 4, t. 3, B.

Has. Oahu, Sandwich Islands; at the elevation of 1,500 feet.

The figure in Hooker's Species Filicum accurately depicts a very
marked character in this species, namely, the incised inferior pair
of segments, which present a crested appearance close along the
rhachis.

2. MERTENSIA GLABRA, Sp. Nov.

MM. stipite elongato levi cum rhachi antice plano leviter marginato ; fron-
dibus glubris coriaceis bipinnatis ; pinnis amplis oppositis divaricatis ;
pinnulis alternis petiolulatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis pinnati-
partitis, segmentis lineari-oblongis obtusis integerrimis subtus sub-
glaucis; venis furcatis ; sporangis ternis vel quaternis.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on mountains of Kauai and Hawaii; at
the elevation of 1,009 to 1,500 feet.

GLEICHENIACESA. 293

Stipe smooth, together with the rhachis, flat above, slightly mar-
gined. Fronds glabrous, coriaceous, bipinnate, and (with the stipes) 6 to
8 feet high. Pinne@ larye, 3 to 4 feet long, by 20 inches broad, oppo-
site, spreading at right angles to the rhachis, Pinnules alternate,
seated on a short petiole, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid.
Segments linear-oblong, entire, somewhat glaucous beneath, and having
forked veins. Sporangia 3 or 4 in a sorus.

The habit of this species is very much that of the preceding; from
which it differs principally in its fronds being much larger, and not so
glaucous beneath, in the longer pinnules, seated on a short footstalk,
and in the absence of the crested appendages. Like that species,
it forms dense and almost impenetrable thickets along the slopes of
the ridges which jut off from the higher mountain ranges of the
Sandwich Islands; reminding us very much of the entangled masses
of Pleris esculenta, at New Zealand.

% * Frondes di-trichotome, divisionibus pinnatis, segmentis in stipitem furcatum decur-
rentibus.

3. MeERTENSIA FLABELLATA, Presé.
Mertensia flabellata, Presl, Tent. Pterid. p. 51,

Gleichenia flabelluta, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 161; A. Cunn, in Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 8361; Hock. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 6.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson, New South Wales. Bay of Islands,
New Zealand.

The tips of the branches are not so caudate in the New Zealand
plant as in that from New South Wales. In the latter, also, the
rhachis is slightly pubescent.

4, MERTENSIA ACUTIFOLIA.
Gleichenia acutifolia, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 7, t. 8, A, opt.

Has. Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego.
74

294 FILICES.

5. MERTENSIA FLAGELLARIS, Bory.

Mertensia flagellaris, Bory, in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 74.
Gleichenia flagellaris, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 10.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

This is very evidently the plant described by Willdenow and Sir
William Hooker. There are a few sporangia on one of our speel-
mens, generally 3 or 4 in a cluster.

6. MERTENSIA SUBFLABELLATA, Sp. Nov.

M. stipite gracili tereti glabro basi paleaceo; frondibus ter dichotomis
subflabelliformibus; pinnis linearibus acuminatis pinnatipartitis
apice integris, segmentis alternis triangulari-ovatis subtus glaucis
margine revolutis; costa subtus paleis membranaceis elongatis jim-
briata supra pilis gracilibus crinita; venis furcatis; sporangiis binis
quaternisve majuscults.

Has. On the Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Whole plant from 10 to 15 inches high. Stipe slender, smooth,
and terete, chaffy with narrow and rigid ciliated scales at the base.
Fronds never more than thrice branched ; the pinne ascending, linear,
acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, with an entire point of about half an inch
in length. Segments short, alternate, triangular-ovate, with revolute
margins, very glaucous underneath; the costa beneath partially con-
cealed by long and brown, fimbriated, chaffy scales, above beset with
tufts of long and weak, whitish hairs. Sporangia large, 2 to 4 in
a cluster.

This is evidently related to Gleichenia revoluta, H.B.K. But it
differs in the absence of a central main rhachis or stipe to the frond,
which is only three times branched; the branches terminating in an
entire point.

GLEICHENIACES. 295

7. MERTENSIA VESTITA.
Gleichenia vestita, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 2, p. 249? Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 10?
Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

No little difficulty is experienced in identifying species of this
genus, particularly when the specific character is drawn up in such
brief terms as is that of the present one by Blume; yet it embraces
most of the essential characteristics of our plant, which is so closely
related to Gleichenia revoluta, H. B. K. and of Hooker’s Species Fili-
cum, as to differ only in its more acuminated branches, and _ half-lan-
ceolate segments: the fimbriated pales on the rhachis are present in

both; but they are perhaps a little more crowded in the present
plant.

8. MERTENSIA HAWAIENSIS.
Glychenia Owhyhensis, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 9.
Has. Sandwich Islands: in forests; rather rare.
This is a very distinct and handsome species, allied, according to

Sir William Hooker, to his Gleichenia longipinnata, “especially in the
hairy rhachis.”

9. MERTENSIA BIFIDA, Willd.
Mertensia bifida, Willd. Bas Pl. 5, p. 73; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 164.
Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
In the height, division of its fronds, and direction and breadth

of the branches, the present species very nearly approaches the
preceding; but differs in its narrower and more distant segments,

996 FILICES.

with their points truncate or emarginate, the slight pubescence
beneath of a lighter colour. Sir William Hooker refers this to the
M. pubescens of Willdenow; but we view the two plants, as truly
distinct species.

10. MERTENSIA PUBESCENS, Welld.

Mertensia pubescens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 73.
Gleichenia pubescens, Hook. Spec. Vil. 1, p. 8, pro parte.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

We consider this as distinct from the preceding species, on account
of its narrower branches, the inferior ones more spreading; the
shorter and less horizontal segments beset underneath with a dense
and rusty coating of a cobwebby substance ; and, moreover, the palese
on the stipe and rhachis are of a more membranaceous or scarlous
texture. The M. immersa of Kaulfuss, as figured in Hooker and
Greville’s Icones Filicum, somewhat represents our plant; but it has
broader and more lanceolate branches.

x x « Stipes dichotomus, divisionibus nudis flexuosis ; pinnis unijugis.
11. MerTENSIA GLAUCESCENS, Willd.

Mertensia glaucescens, Willd. Spec. PJ. 5, p. 72.

M. emarginata, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 72, t. 6.

M. Brasiliana, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 301.

Gleichenia Hermanni, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 14, excl. syn.
G. glaucescens, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 11.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

The glaucous surface of the pinnse underneath is partially con-
cealed by a ferrugineous and cobwebby down: the points of the
segments are almost always emarginate. Sporangia from 8 to 10 in
a cluster.

GLEICHENIACES. 297

x * % x Stipes repitito-di—trichotomus; pinnis bijugis, pari infimo minori e basi dicho-
tomorum, segmentis haud decurrentibus.

12. MeErtensia picnotoma, Willd.

Mertensia dichotoma, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 71; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 163; Gaud. Bot.
Freyc. Voy. p. 301.

Gleichenia Hermanni, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 161.

G. dichotoma, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 12.

Has. Feejee Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Sandwich Islands.
Singapore. |

Several forms of this species occur in the herbarium of the Expe-
dition. In one from Tahiti, the pinnz terminate in a caudate entire
point, from 2 to 3 inches in length; and the segments are a little
falcate, and longer than in any other form. The plants from New
Zealand, the Feejee Islands, and the single specimen from Tahiti
are very much alike: they are slender in their habit, the pinnx very
glaucous beneath, and the segments rather short. In the Sandwich
Island form, the branches are short and broad-lanceolate, with emar-
ginate segments, slightly glaucous and glabrous beneath.

13. MertTENSIA KLorzscuit.
Gleichenia Klotzschii, Hook. Spec. Fil. 1, p. 18, t. 5, B.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

So closely does this resemble some of the forms of the preceding,
that it scarcely merits to rank as a distinct species; differing only in
the upper side of the pinne being of a more livid green, and in the
presence on the under surface of ferrugineous entangled hairs.

14. MerTENSIA EMARGINATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 42.)

M. stipite levi tereti di-trichotomo, divisionibus ultimis unijugis cum
75

998 FILICES.

jugo minore deflexo infra furcationem, axillis gemmiparis; pinnis
oblongo-lanceolatis subfalcatis rigidis pinnatipartitis, segmentis ap-
proximatis linearibus emarginatis margine revolutis supra nitidis
subtus rhachique rufo-tomentosis ; soris e sporangiis 8-12 conflatis in
lanam nidulantibus.

Has. Sandwich Islands; Hawaii: on open mountain ridges.

Plant from 8 to 10 feet in height, forming dense, entangled masses.
First and second divisions of the rownd and smooth stipe trichotomous,
the others dichotomous; the ultimate branches bearing a pair of very
rigid, oblong-lanceolate, subfulcate pinne, which are pinnatifid to the
rhachis: segments approximate, linear, constantly and distinctly emar-
ginate, and, together with the rhachis beneath, tomentose with a dense
coating of a fine rusty and woolly substance, which extends to the
forkings of the stipe. The pair of pinnsz immediately below the
di-trichotomous divisions are from 4 to 6 inches long, of a broad-
lanceolate form, and somewhat acuminate at the point. Buds in the
forks of the branches, enclosed by two foliaceous auriculated lobes.
Veins pinnately forked, most prominent on the upper surface. Sori
nearly concealed by the dense wool, only a few of the sporangia showing
themselves; these are from 8 to 12 in a cluster, seated on the lower
exterior venule.

The habit of this species, though more robust, is somewhat similar
to the preceding; but the very rigid consistence of the pinne, the
strongly marked emarginate segments, the dense coating of brown
wool beneath, and the inferior pair of pinne arising from the stipe
immediately below the forkings of the branches (not from the base of
the branches themselves, as in that species), are sufficient marks by
which the two may be distinguished.

PiaTtE 42.—Fig. 1. Portion of a frond, of the natural size. la.
A portion of a segment as viewed from beneath, with part of the
wool removed, to show the venation and sori. 1 0. Sporangia.—Dis-
sections more or less magnified.

Div. IIT. SCHIZHACEA, Marr

88. LYGODIUM, Sw.
(Hyproaiossum, Willd.)

1. LyGopium microrpHyLium, R. Br.

Lygodium microphyllum, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 162; Blume, Enum. PI.
Jav. 2, p. 258.

Hydroglossum scandens, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 77.
Has. Singapore: in cleared lands, climbing over low bushes.

Fronds glabrous, conjugate-pinnate. Sterile pinne oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse, entire, subcordate at the base, about an inch long and 4
lines broad, articulated with the petiole, the margin finely serrated.
Fertile pinnz oblong-ovate, truncate or subcordate at the base, 8 to
10 lines long, and 4 to 6 lines broad.

2. LyGopIuM CIRCINATUM, Sw.

Lygodium circinatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 153; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 46; Blume,
Enum. Pl. Jav. 2, p. 253.

Hydroglossum circinatum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 88.
Has. Mountains near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Fronds smooth, either conjugate, binate, or ternate-palmate; the
segments or lobes elongated-lanceolate, entire, and not articulated at
the base.

300 FILICES.

3. LyGopium ARTICULATUM, A. Eich.

Lygodium articulatum, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 96, t. 15; A. Cunn. in Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 362.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in thickets.

This is one of the most distinct and remarkable species of the
genus, and is admirably characterized by A. Richard, in his Botany
of the Voyage of the Astrolabe. In the neighbourhood of the Bay
of Islands the plant occurs very frequently along the margins of
forests, where its tough, wiry, and climbing stems entangle the low
bushes and trees, making a passage among them very difficult.

4, LyGopIUM VOLUBILE, Sw.

Lygodium volubile, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 152.

Hydroglossum volubile, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 78; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 68, t. 81
Ophioglossum scandens, Velloz. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 53.

Has. Rio Janeiro, and Organ Mountains, Brazil.

In the base of the pinnex of this species a vast variety of forms
present themselves, it being either cuneate, subrotund, truncate, cor-
date, or auriculate-hastate, and articulated with the petiole; the sur-
face is more or less pubescent according to the nature of the locality,
and even on the same individual specimens are found which vary
in this respect. The figure given by Raddi, represents the most

common form. Perhaps the L. lucens and L. hirtum of Kaulfuss ought -
to be referred hither.

5. Lycoprum PUBESCENS, Kaulf.

Lygodium pubescens, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 47.
LL. tenue, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 254?

Has. Mount Majaijai, and near Bafios, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

SCHIZEACES. 301

The L. tenue of Blume does not appear to be more than a variety
of the present species.

s9. LYGODICTYON, J Sm.

(Lyeopit Spec. Schk. Hyprocuosst Spec. Willd.)

The single species on which Mr. J. Smith has founded the present
genus, is distinguished from true Lygodium by its reticulated vena-
tion, and by the petiole of the sterile pinnz being articulated. The
latter character we find to extend to the fertile pinne also; and the
articulation is not confined to this plant alone, but is very evident also
in several species having free veins, such as Lygodium articulatum,
A. Richard, and L. volubile, Swartz, &c. Therefore Lygodictyon, if re-
tained as a genus, must rest exclusively upon the reticulated venation.

1. LycGopicryon ScuKunri, J. Sm.

Lygodictyon Schkuhrii, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 383.
L. Forsteri, Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 111, f. B.

Lygodium reticulatum, Schk. Crypt. t. 189.

Hydroglossum polycarpum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 79.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee Islands; where it is of fre-
quent occurrence.

90. SCHIZ AA, Sw.
1. ScHIZMA PECTINATA, Sw.

Schizcea pectinata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 150; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 85; Kaulf. Enum.
Fil. p. 49.

Has. Vicinity of Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope.
6

7

302 FILICES.

The fronds are glabrous, about 8 inches high, simple, linear-filiform,
compressed and channelled. Fertile appendages recurved, pinnate.
Pinne pectinate, about 12 to 15 pairs; the margin of the indusium
ciliate.

2. Scuiz@A PROPINQUA, A. Cunn.
Schizea propinqua, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 362.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand; frequent in
high, open lands.

Rootstock subterranean; the fronds undivided, and from 10 to 15
inches high, terete, and filiform, with a single groove on the back.
Fertile appendages about an inch long, nearly erect, pinnate. Pinne
from 18 to 25 pairs. Indusium lacerated.

3. SCHIZHA AUSTRALIS, Gaud.

S. frondibus fasciculatis ccespitosis simplicissimis flexuosis linearibus
compressis postice sulcatis antice ocellato-notatis ; appendicibus ferti-
libus suberectis pinnatis, pinnis 5-T-jugis palmato-lobatis.

Schizwa australis, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 296; Hook. f. Fl. Antare. 1, p. 111.
S. palmata, Montagne, Bot. Voy. Astrol. & Zelee (1844), t. 4, f. Z, sine descr.

Has. Sandwich Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands: on trees, at an
elevation of 3,000 feet.

Fronds tufted, fcom 10 to 15 in number, and 4 to 8 inches high,
arising from a thick globose rootstock, narrow-linear, rigid, somewhat
flexuose, compressed, smooth, with a single groove behind, and two
opposite slightly depressed lines of ovate spots in front, the margins of
which are sometimes ciliate. Fertile appendages nearly erect, not
quite half an inch in length, pinnate, and of a deep brown colour.
Pinne from 5 to 7 pairs, their slightly reflexed indusiiform margin
divided into palmate lobes.

SCHIZEHACESA, 303

There can be little doubt about this being the S. australis of
Gaudichaud ; and that it is the 8. palmata of Montagne, we also are
satisfied from the figure in the Botany of the Astrolabe and Zelee,
where it is said to be a native of Lord Auckland’s Islands. From
both of these our plant seems to differ only in the fronds being a little
longer: a difference which the greater warmth of the climate, com-
pared with that of the Auckland or Falkland groups, may sufficiently
account for.

4, SCHIZHA BIFIDA, Sw.

Schizea bifida, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 151; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 87; R. Br. Prodr. FI.
Nov. Holl. p. 162; A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 95; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 362.

Has. Port Jackson, New South Wales. Vicinity of the Bay of
Islands, New Zealand.

Among the specimens from New South Wales we find instances of
simple, bifid, trifid, and even quadrifid fronds. Those from New
Zealand are almost always bifid.

5. SCHIZEA DICHOTOMA, Sw.

Schizea dichotoma, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 150; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 87; R. Br. Prodr.
Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 162; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 2, p. 255; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil.
t. 17; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 8362; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 19.

Has. Feejee Islands; frequent in barren districts.

Rootstock creeping under ground, about the thickness of a crow-
quill, pilose, and of a dark brown colour, with very few fibrils. Fronds
8 to 12 inches long, erect, somewhat flabelliform, repeatedly dichoto-
mous. Branches narrow-linear, compressed, with a strong costa and
a thick marginal nerve, which is a little rough to the touch. Fertile
appendages slightly curved backwards, 4 to 6 lines long, pinnate.
Pinne 18 to 20 pairs, sometimes bifid; their costa and indusiiform
margin pilose.

304 FILICES.

6. ScuizmA ortstaTA, Welld.
Schizeea cristata, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 88.
Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee Islands.

Related to the preceding species in habit; but altogether a much
handsomer species. Fronds repeatedly dichotomous, and flabelliform
in circumscription; the segments linear, compressed, slightly sca-
brous, attenuated at the point, with a prominent midrib. Fertile
appendages small, suberect, with 4 or 5 pairs of pinne, having an
indusiiform crinite margin.

91. ACTINOSTACHYS, Wall.
(Scuizm Spec. Sw., Schk.)

The genus Actinostachys, as here adopted, differs from true Schizcea
in the fertile appendages being digitate, and in the quadriserial dispo-
sition of its sporangia, that is, they are arranged in two rows on both
sides of the costa of the segments.

1. ACTINOSTACHYS DIGITATA, J. Sm.

Actinostachys digitata, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 885.
Schizea digitata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 150 & 380, t. 4, f. 1; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 87;
Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 2, p. 255.

Has. Feejee Islands. Mountains near Batos, Luzon, Philippine
Islands.

This has a habit similar to that of Schizwa trilateralis of Schkuhr,
and might readily be mistaken for it, but for the broader fronds, the
more erect fertile appendages, and the entire absence of the chafty
hairs, intermingled with the sporangia in that species.

SCHIZMACESR, 305

92, ANEMIA, Sw.

1. Anemia Manpiocana, Raddi.

Anemia Mandiocana, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 70, t. 9, f. 1; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 295.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil; frequent in dry and thinly
wooded places.

Some of our specimens exhibit only a single fertile panicle on a
frond; but the absence of the second one may have resulted from an
injury sustained when young.

2, ANEMIA COLLINA, Raddi.
Anemia collina, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 71, t. 12; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 295.
Has. On the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

This species is closely related to A. hirta, Swartz: the sterile part
of the frond, however, is narrower and more elongated; the pinnse
approach more to a dimidiate form, and are cuneate at the base.
Stipe and rhachis covered with yellowish-brown woolly hairs.

3. ANEMIA RADICANS, var. @., Raddi.
Anemia radicans, var. 8., Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 70, t. 11.
Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Raddi considers this as only a variety of his A. radicans, the diffe-
rence consisting in the pinnz being more distant, fewer in number,
and more rounded at the point. Both possess a singular mode of
reproduction; the rhachis of the sterile segment becoming lengthened
beyond the pinne into a long and slender, naked, deflexed, tail-like
point, developing a bud at its extremity, which, by rooting in the
ground, soon gives rise to a new plant.

77

306 FILICES.

4, ANEMIA REPENS, addi.

Anemia repens, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 71, t. 9, f. a, 25 Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy.
p. 295.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro, Brazil: on exposed and gra-
velly banks.

Plant about 8 inches high. Rootstock thick and creeping, rufous-
tomentose. Stipe semiterete, sulcate in front, and hairy. Sterile
fronds and segments pinnate. Pinna oblong, obtuse, cuneate at the
base, incisely dentate, villose on both sides. Panicle (with its
peduncle) twice the length of the sterile segment.

5, ANEMIA FLEXUOSA, Sw. ?

Anemia flecuosa, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 156? Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 93? Raddi, Plant.
Brasil. 1, p. 71, t. 18; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 295.

Has. Botofogo, vicinity of Rio Janeiro, and Organ Mountains,
Brazil.

Sterile fronds and sterile serments of the fertile ones pinnate, of a
triangular-oblong form, and pubescent on both sides. Pinne elon-
gated-oblong, obtuse, incisely-pinnatifid ; the inferior ones nearly
opposite; the superior alternate. Segments oblong, obtuse, dentate.
Fertile panicles (with their peduncles) scarcely longer than the sterile
segment.—This is evidently the A. /leawosa of Raddi; but we are not
so certain that itis the original A. flexuosa of Swartz and Willdenow,
their description being so brief.

98. ANEMIDICTYON, J. Sm.
(ANEMLH Spec. Sw. & Auct.)

The reticulated venation of Anemidictyon is the only character
which distinguishes it from Anemia.

SCHIZEACES, 307

1. Anemipictyon Paytuitipis, J. Sm.

Anemidictyon Phyllitidis, J. Sm. in Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 103.
Anemia Phyllitidis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 155; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 51.
A. longifolia, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 69, t. 8.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil; frequent..

This is an old and well-known species, gathered by almost all
botanical collectors who have visited Rio.

2. ANEMIDICTYON FRAXINIFOLIA, J. Sm.

Anemidictyon fraxinifolia, J. Sm. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 887.

Anemia fraxinifolia, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 69, t. 8, bis; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 294.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Scarcely distinct from the preceding species; the difference between
the two, consisting principally in the shorter and broader pinne of
the present species, with a greater tendency to be opposite in their
arrangement, and ovate-lanceolate in form; the base not quite so

wedge-shaped; the margin unequally dentate; and the stipe and
rhachis less hairy.

94. MOHRIA, Sw.
(OsMuND# Spec. Lam. Apranti Spec. Linn.)
1. MouRIA THURIFRAGA, Sv.

Mohria thurifraga, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 159 & 885, t. 5; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 76;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 44; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 104, B.

Has. Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope.

Div. LV. OSMUNDACEA, Marr

9. OSMUNDA, Linn.
1. OSMUNDA SPECTABILIS, var. @. Brasttiensis, Hook. & Grev.
Osmunda spectabilis, var. 8. Brasiliensis, Hook. Bot. Mise. 3, p. 230.

Has. In marshes, at the base of the Organ Mountains, Brazil.

96. TODEA, Willd.
1. TopEea Arricana, Willd.

Todea Africana, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 76; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 162 & 388; Hook. Bot.
Misc. 8, p. 231; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 46, B.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. Port Jackson, New South Wales.

In the Australian plant the pinnules are longer and narrower than
in that of the Cape of Good Hope.

2. ToDEA HYMENOPHYLLOIDES, A. Rich.

Todea hymenophylloides, A. Rich. Bot. Voy. Astrol. p. 97, t. 16.
T, pellucida, Carmichael, in Hook. Bot. Mise. 8, p. 2832; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 8362; Hook. Ic. Pl. I. t. 8.

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand; frequent in
shady, wet forests.

OSMUNDACEA, 309

3. ToprA WILKESIANA, Sp. Noy. (Tab. 43.)

TL. caudice erecto; stipitibus levibus semiteretibus antice sulcatis; fron-
dibus membranaceis glabris bipinnatis; pinnis sessilibus oblongo-
lanceolatis, inferioribus deflewis ; rhachibus pilosis alatis; pinnulis
oblongis obtusis dentatis basi oblique cuneatis pellucido-punctatis.

Has. QOvolau, Feejee Islands: in humid mountain forests; rare.

Trunk erect, 18 or 20 inches high, 14 inches in diameter, squamose
towards the apex, and furnished near the base with strong, black, and
wiry roots, about the thickness of a crowquill; the surface roughened
by the raised scars of fronds that have fallen off; these are arranged
in a somewhat whorled manner, the scars of every third whorl being
less elevated than the intermediate ones, giving to the trunk a
winged appearance: the trunk, within the outer rind, is composed of
numerous hard, oval rings, diminishing in size towards a central,
pithy, circular column, and lined with a whitish pithy plate, the space
between these oval rings being filled up with brown parenchymatous
tissue: the summit crowned by 10 to 12 spreading fronds. Stipes
smooth, half-round, sulcate in front, and 8 to 10 inches long. Fronds
membranaceous, smooth, 2 feet and upwards in length, broad-lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, bipiiunate. Pinne sessile, subopposite, oblong-
lanceolate, spreading, the inferior 2 or 3 pairs distant and deflexed.
Pinnules oblong, obtuse, dentate, the base obliquely cuneate, pellucid-punc-
fate with numerous small, brownish spots. Jthachis of the pinne
winged and pilose; the hairs articulated. Veins simple; the lower
and interior first and second pairs sometimes forked. Sori numerous.

Closely allied to 7. Fraseri; from which it is distinguished by the
larger and more lanceolate fronds, the distant and deflexed lower pinne,
the pilose rhachis, and the dentate pinnules marked with brown spots.

PLATE 43.—Fig. 1. Entire plant, reduced to a scale of an inch to
a foot. la. Frond, of the natural size. 16. Transverse section of
the trunk, of the natural size. 1c. Dorsal view of a small portion
of the frond. 1d. Hairs from the same. le,e. Sporangia. If

Sporules.—Details more or less magnified.
78

Di. V. MARATTIACEA, Kavtr.

97. ANGIOPTERIS, Hofn.
1. ANGIOPTERIS EVECTA, Hoffm.

Angiopteris evecta, Hoffm. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 166 & 395; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 69 ;
Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 86; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 292; Hook. Bot. Mise.
8, p. 227; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 10.

Haz. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands.

Trunk from 2 to 8 feet high and 14 to 2 feet in diameter, composed
externally of thick and succulent, blackish scales; the whole crowned
with from 10 to 15 luxuriant, spreading, bipinnate fronds, which
measure from 12 to 16 feet in length, including the stipe. Plants of
the above dimensions were found in deep valleys, in the mountain
forests of Tahiti; while on Savaii, one of the Samoan Islands, Dr.
Pickering observed even larger individuals. By the aid of a lens we
find faint indications of a nerve, arising from the sinus of the teeth
of the pinnules, and running inwards parallel with and equidistant
between the veins, terminating near the costa. A similar nerve is
said to exist in the A. longifolia, of Hooker and Greville.

2. ANGIOPTERIS ATTENUATA, Sp. Nov.

A. arborescens; frondibus bipinnatis; pinnulis suboppositis lineari-
lanceolatis attenwatis margine dentatis apice serratis bast cordato-
truncatis; rhachi subtus parce paleaceo-hirsuta; venis simplicibus
furcatisve nervo intermedio pellucido adjecto ; soris intramargimalibus
approximatis.

MARATTIACES. 211

vo

Has. Luzon, Philippine Islands; on Mount Majaijai, at the eleva-
tion of 3,000 feet.

Trunk stout, 4 to 6 feet high, crowned with bipinnate fronds, of 15
feet in length. Pinne 24 to 3 feet long, and furnished with upwards
of 90 pinnules: these are linear-lanceolate, nearly opposite, usually 4 or
5 inches long and 5 lines broad, attenuated into a narrow, sterile,
serrated point, of about an inch in length, the margin obtusely dentate,
the base cordate-truncate. Rhachis of the pinnules on the wnder side
beset with brown, shrivelled, paleaceous hairs. Veins either simple or
Jorked, furnished with a slender and pellucid intermediate nerve. Line
of sort close within the margin, narrow and approximate, with from
9 to 11 sporangia in each receptacle.

This is distinguished from <A. evecta by the more elevated trunk,
the longer pinnz, with a much greater number of narrower atte-
nuated pinnules, by the nerve between the veins being more evident,
and the sporangia smaller and fewer. To judge from the description

of A. longifolia of Hooker and Greville, our plant is more nearly
allied to it.

98. MARATTIA, Sw.
(MyriorHeEca, Bory.)

1. MARATTIA ALATA, Sw.

Marattia alata, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 168; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 66; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 102; Hook. Bot. Misc. 8, p. 224; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 26.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent in humid forests.

Rootstock globose, formed of numerous thick and succulent, black
scales. Stipes from 3 to 5 feet long, smooth, sulcate in front. Fronds
constantly tripinnate, with large and spreading pinne. Pinnules sub-
petiolate, oblong, subacute, and serrate. Rhachis of the secondary
pinnz winged, and sparsely furnished beneath with lacerated brown
scales. Sporangia usually 10 on a pinnule.

FILICES.

(S))
—t
bo

2. Marartia cicuTHFoLiA, Kaulf.

Marattia cicutefolia, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 82; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 226.
M. fraxinea, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 74, t. 82.

Has. In forests, on the Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro, and Organ
Mountains, Brazil.

This bears a considerable resemblance to the IL sorbifolia, Swartz,
and M. fraxinea, Smith; but is readily distinguished by its more
delicate texture, the deeper serrate margin of its pinnules, and by the
interrupted or vacant spaces in the lines of sporangia.

3. MARATTIA FRAXINEA, Sm.
Marattia fraxinea, Sm. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 66; Hook. Bot. Mise. 3, p. 225.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Distinct from MV. cicutefolia in the shorter and opposite pinnx, the
larger and more coriaceous, serrulate pinnules, with the line of spo-
rangiferous receptacles continuous, and seated about half a line from
the margin.

4. MARATTIA SORBIFOLIA, Sw.

Marattia sorbifolia, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 168; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 67; Blume, Enum.
Pl. Jay. 2, p. 256; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 225.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

Irom the preceding species this may be recognised by its attenuated
pinne, its narrower and more numerous, coriaceous, deeply serrated
pinnules, of a pale green colour on the under surface; the line of
sporangia more distant from the margin, and the sporangia them-
selves shorter.

MARATTIACEA. 313

99. EUPODIUM, J. Sn.
(MaratTi@ Spec. Kaulf., Raddi.)
1. Evropium Kautrussi, J. Sm.

Eupodium Kaulfussti, J. 8m. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 392; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 118.

Maraitia alata, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 32, in Obs.; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 74, t.
83, 84.

Has. On the Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: in humid forests;
frequent.

Fronds large, 4 feet and upwards in length, quadripinnate: divi-
sions spreading; the ultimate ones sessile, half an inch to an inch in
length, oblong-lanceolate, laciniate, or obtusely serrate, according to
their position on the frond, articulated with the winged rhachis.

Veins simple or forked, each vein or venule bearing a single spo-
rangium.

Div. VI. OPHIOGLOSSEA, R. Ba

100. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn.

*x Frondes costa percurse.
1. OpsiocLossum ELLIPTIcUM, Hook. & Grev.
Ophioglossum ellipticum, Hook. & Grev. Ie. Fil. t. 40, A; Hook. Bot. Mise. 3, p. 217.
Has. On Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.
Our plant does not differ in any perceptible character from that of
Demarara, figured in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum. About

Koloa, on the island of Kauai, we found it inhabiting low and undu-
lating pasture lands; and on the mountains of Maui, it was detected

at the elevation of from 6,000 to 8,000 feet.
x * Frondes ecostate.
2. OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM, Linn.

Ophioglossum vulgatum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 169; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 58;
Hook. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 216.

Has. Island of Madeira: on the slopes of the Pico Ruivo.
The peduncle of the spike in the Madeira plant, is a little longer,

compared with the length of the frond, than is usually the case in the
European plant.

OPHIOGLOSSE &. 315

3. OPHIOGLOSSUM ELONGATUM, A. Cunn.
Ophioglossum elongatum, A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 361.

Has. Wangarara Bay, Northern Island, New Zealand.

In the size and outline of the fronds, and the length of the
peduncle and spike, this species bears a strong resemblance to the O.
ellipticum of Hooker and Greville. But the costa or midrib in the
present plant is much less prominent, and the meshes of the venation
are more elongated. The stipe is also longer.

4, OPHIOGLOssuM CoNcINNUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 44.)

O. pygmeum ; radice fibrosa; spica caulina ; fronde subcoriacea elliptico-
lanceolata basi attenuuta; venis crebre reticulatis.

Has. On sand-hills, near Wailuku, island of Maui, Sandwich
Islands.

Root composed of a few, short, fleshy fibres. Stipe 12 inches in
length, erect. Fronds of a firm texture, elliptical-lanceolate and at-
tenuated on the stipe, about an inch long, 4 to 6 lines broad; the veins
closely reticulated, with free veinlets in the areoles. Peduncle a little
shorter than the frond, terminating in a compressed linear spike, of
about half an inch in length.

Prats 44.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. 1. Portion of the
frond. 10. Portion of the spike-—The details magnified.
5. OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULATUM, Linn.

Ophioglossum reticulatum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 170; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 60;
Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 20; Hook. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 217.

Has. Tutuila, Samoan Islands. Brazil: in marshes, at the base
of the Organ Mountains.

316 FILICES.

Hooker and Greville, in their Icones Filicum, have figured a state
of this from the Mauritius, with which our plant from the Samoan
Islands agrees. In the Brazilian plant the substance of the frond is
of a firmer texture, less cordate at the base, and the point more
acute than in the Samoan one; but the relative length of the scape
and frond, and the other characters, entirely correspond with the
figure to which we have referred.

6. OPHICGLOSSUM PENDULUM, Linn.

Ophioglossum pendulum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 170; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 60;
Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 19; Hook. Bot. Misc. 8, p. 219; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy. p. 73 & 102.

Has. Sandwich Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and
Feejee Islands; on trees.

The figure of this species in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum,
exhibits a spike which, for length, far exceeds any we have ever
seen: on the other hand, among our specimens from the Samoan
Islands, there are individuals whose fronds measure over 4 feet in
length: the shortest ones in our possession, were gathered at the
Sandwich Islands; and a considerable number of them are simple and
falcate in form; these are probably of the var. “@. Fronde falcata,”
of Hooker and Greville. This latter form occurs only on elevated
situations, where the plant is exposed to the light and a strong
current of air.

101. BOTRYCHIUM, Sw.

1. BotrycHiumM FUMARIOIDES, Willd.

Botrychium fumarioides, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 68.
B. lunarioides, Hook. Bot. Misc. 3, p. 221.
B. obliquum, Muhl. in Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 63.

Has. Oregon; on the Mount Rainier range, and in the vicinity of
Gray’s Harbour: in meadow lands.

OPHIOGLOSSE€. 317

So far as we are aware, this species has not hitherto been detected
west of the Rocky Mountains, where it is of less frequent occurrence
than the following.

2. Borrycurum Virernicum, Sw.

Botrychium Virginicum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 171; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 64; Hook.
Bot. Mise. 3, p. 223; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 268.

Has. Oregon; on the Mount Rainier range: in meadow lands;
frequent. .

The Oregon plant does not differ in any way from specimens col-
lected in Maryland and Virginia.

3. Borrycuium AustrA.e, 22. Br.

Botrychium australe, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 164; Hook. Bot. Mise. 3, p.
223; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 361.

Has. Wangarara Bay, Northern Island, New Zealand: in meadow
lands.

Sir William Hooker justly observes, that “this comes very near to
the preceding in size, habit, and other characters.” But we would
remark that, in the New Zealand plant, the scape bears the frond
close to its base; whereas, in B. Virginicum, it is borne a little above
the middle of the scape.

4. Borrycuium suspironiatum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 44.)

B. frondibus sterilibus binis rariusve solitariis e stipite communi tripol-
licart lato-ovatis basi cordatis ternatis, divisionibus petiolatis bipinnati-
fidis, segmentis ovatis obtusis dentutis; spica bi-tripinaata.

Has. Hawaii and Maui, Sandwich Islands: in shady places.
80

318 FILICES.

Root composed of a fascicle of coarse, black, fleshy fibres. Scape
10 to 15 inches in length, smooth, succulent, and about the thickness
of a goosequill, with a shallow channel in front, bearing the usual
frond, 3 to 4 inches above the base, and frequently a second one
below it, as shown in our figure. Fronds broad-ovate in circum-
scription, and cordate at the base, smooth, membranaceous, and ternate,
with a stipe 3 to 4 inches long; the divisions petiolate, the central
one the largest, bipinnatifid. Pinnz or secondary divisions, oblong
and subacute; the segments or lobes ovate, obtuse, irregularly toothed.
Spike 6 inches in length, oblong-lanceolate, twice or thrice divided, and
surmounting the frond; the small, tawny, double-rowed, sessile cap-
sules are somewhat crowded on its subdivisions.

This is related to B. daucifolium of Wallich ; which has a spike
about equal in height with the frond, and a much shorter stipe,
seated higher upon the scape.

Puate 44.—Fig. 2. Plant, of the natural size. 2a. A segment.
26. A portion of a fertile spike. 2c. Sporules.—Dissections mag- _
nified.

102. HELMINTHOSTACH YS, Kaulf
1. HELMINTHOSTACHYS DULCIS, Kawil/.

Helminthostachys dulcis, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 29, t. 1, f. 1; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav.
2, p- 258; Hook. Bot. Misc. 8, p. 220; Hook. Gen. Fil. t. 47, opt.
Botrychium Zeylanicum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 172; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 65.

Has. Mindanao, Philippine Islands; in the vicinity of Fort Cal-
dera: in low and wet forest lands, growing in the shade.

LYCOPODIACES,

1. PSILOTUM, Sw.

1. PsILoTtuM TRIQUETRUM, Sw.
Psilotum triquetrum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 187; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 362; Hook. Gen.

Fil. t. 87; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 269.
Bernhardia dichotoma, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 56; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 290.

Has. Sandwich Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan Islands.
Parasitical on the trunks of the Cocoanut, and other trees.

2. PSILOTUM COMPLANATUM, Sw.
Psilotum complanatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 188 & 414, t. 4, f. 5; Hook. Bot. Mise. 2,
p- 862; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 102; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux.

24, p. 271.
Bernhardia complanata, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 57.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Sandwich Islands.

2, TMESIPTERIS, Bernh.

1. TmeEsipTerts Forsteri, Endl.

Tmesipteris Forsteri, Endl. Prodr. Fl. Ins. Norf. p.6; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 2, p. 360; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 265.
T. Tannensis, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 187; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 363.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. New Zealand; in the vicinity of
the Bay of Islands.

320 FILICES.

8. LYCOPODIUM, Linn.
§ 1. EXSTIPULAT A.
x Capsulis axillaribus.

1. LycopopiuM ERUBESCENS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 45.)

L. caulibus rubentibus erectis dichotomis; ramis apice obtusis; folis
suboctofariis homomorphis planis lineari-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis
patentibus ; capsulis axillaribus.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on Mouna Haleakala, East Maui: in wet
lands, at the altitude of 6,000 feet.

Plant tufted, from 4 to 8 inches in height, having a brown appear-
ance in a recent state; the stems, when divested of their leaves, are
of a reddish colour, erect, seldom assurgent at the base, branched
twice or thrice in a dichotomous manner. The branches are about
equal in thickness from the base to the obtuse apex. Leaves all of one
size and form, 1% lines long and about half a line broad, linear-lanceo-
late, acute, entire, the lower half somewhat appressed to the stem, the
upper half bent outwards, all arranged in a somewhat eight-ranked
manner. Capsules somewhat compressed and reniform, of a pale
yellow colour, persistent in the axils of the leaves, those of the pre-
ceding years being present as low down as the primary divisions of
the stems.

The habit of this is very much that of the following species; but
it is quite distinct in the form of its leaves, and in the colour and
direction of its branches.

Prats 45.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural size. la. Section of a
stem. 10. Leaf, with a capsule at its base. le. Spores—The
details more or less magnified.

LYCOPODIACE£.

[oo hs)
bo
—

2. Lycopopium HALEAKALA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 45.)

L. caulibus erectis dichotomis ; ramis crassis obtusis confertis fastigiatis ;
foltis subsexfariis homomorphis ovato-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis
subimbricatis apice subrecurvis ; capsulis axillaribus.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on Mouna Haleakala, East Maui: in wet
land, at the altitude of 7,000 feet.

Plant growing in tufts, of a rather rigid consistence, from 4 to 6
inches in height, of a pale green colour. Stems usually erect, and
twice or thrice branched in a dichotomous manner. Branches thick,
crowded, obtuse, their summits about equal in height. Leaves some-
what six-ranked, slightly imbricated, about 2 lines long and one line
broad, ovate-lanceolate, acute, a little convex on the outer side, and
slightly concave within, the rather stiff apex turned slightly outwards,
with 2 or 3 minute teeth near the point, the thick base decurrent on
the stem. Capsules compressed, reniform, axillary, of a yellow colour,
and only partially concealed by the leaves, the old ones persistent on
the stem to within an inch of the ground.

This species is closely allied to the L. compactum of Hooker. But
_ that has obtuse and distinctly serrated leaves, with an incurved point,
and a manifest keel on the outer side.

Prats 45.—Fig. 2. Plant, of the natural size. 2a. Section of a
branch. 26, 6. Leaves, with capsules at their base. 2c. Spores.
—The details more or less magnified.

8. LycopopIUM REFLEXUM, Lam.

Lycopodium reflecum, Lam. ex Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 52; Spring, in Endl. & Mart.
Fl. Brasil. 1, p. 110, & Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 25 & 24, p. 10.

L. rigidum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 78; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 289.

Has. Estrella Pass, Organ Mountains, Brazil.
81

399 FILICES.

4, LyYCOPODIUM SULCINERVIUM, Spring.

Lycopodium sulcinervium, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 39.
Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees, in mountain forests.

This species is very closely allied to the L. serratum of Thunberg,
as figured in Hooker and Greville’s Icones Filicum; but the plant is
smaller in all its parts, with subserrate leaves, the midrib of which is
more elevated on the upper, and more furrowed on the under side.

5. Lycopopium Luciputum, Micha.

Lycopodium lucidulum, Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 284; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176;
Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 51; Hook. Bot. Mise. 2, p. 360, & Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p.
266; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 37.

Has. Oregon; in forests, on the Mount Rainier range.

6. Lycopopium SELAGO, Linn.

Lycopodium Selago, Linn. Spec. Pl. p. 1565; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176; Willd. Spec.
Pl. 5, p.49; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 20; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 363 ; Hook. FI.
Bor. Amer. 2, p. 266; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 19, & 24, p. 6.

Has. Island of Madeira; on high lands near Estroza Pass.

7. LycopopiuM LINIFOLIUM, Linn.

Lycopodium linifolium, Linn. Spec. Pl. p. 1563; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 175; Willd.
Spec. Pl. 5, p. 47; Spring, in Endl. & Mart. Fl. Brasil, 1, p. 118, & Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 80, & 24, p. 12.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil; on trees, in dense forests.

Plant apparently tufted, and very graceful in its erowth. Stems

LYCOPODIACES. 323

filiform, flexuose, the flexions or bends each about 2 lines long, flaccid,
and in a dry state somewhat angular, and from 8 to 5 times branched
in a’dichotomous' manner. Leaves distant, somewhat membrana-
ceous, arranged in a dichotomous manner (a single leaf arising from
the outer angle of each flexion), about 6 lines long and one line broad,
lanceolate-linear, entire, and attenuated into a long and sharp point of
a reddish tint, the base contracted and twisted, a very evident nerve
running through the centre, which is sulcate on the upper side, and
somewhat keeled underneath. Capsules reniform, solitary or scat-
tered near the base of the branches, towards the apices approximate or
crowded.

8. Lycopopium squaRrRosuM, Forst.

Lycopodium squarrosum, Forst. Prodr. p. 86; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 177 & 400; Willd.
Spec. Pl. 5, p. 27; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 265; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 52, & 24, p. 23.

Has. Feejee Islands; and Tahiti, Society Islands.
From the Feejee Islands, there is a form of the species of a more

robust habit, and with leaves inclined to be more rigid.

9. Lycopoprum MAnpioccanum, Raddi.

Lycopodium Mandioccanum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 77, t. 4; Gaud. Bot. Freye.
Voy. p. 290; Spring, in Endl. & Mart. Fl. Brasil. 1, p. 110, & Mem. Acad. Brux.
15, p. 45, & 24, p. 20.

LL. dichotomum, Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 367.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

10. LycopopIUM POLYTRICHOIDES, Kaulf.

Lycopodium polytrichoides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 6; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux.
15, p. 73, & 24, p. 32.

394 FILICES.

Has. Sandwich Islands: on trees, and on large blocks of lava.

In the young state this bears a marked resemblance to the pre-
ceding species; but the adult plant is readily distinguished by its
somewhat quadrangular branches, and erect, appressed, carinate
leaves; which at the base of the stem are subulate, setaceous, and
entire, while those of the branches are much shorter, ovate, apiculate,
and acute.

11. LycoropruM VERTICILLATUM, Linn.

Lycopodium verticillatum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 175; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 46, & 24, p. 21.

L. acerosum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 53; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 366; Spring, in
Endl. & Mart. Fl. Brasil. p. 111.

L. filiforme, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 174 & 898, t. 4, £3; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 54;
Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 77, t. 4, bis, £. 1; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 290.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

* * Capsulis spicatis.

12. LycopopDIUM LATERALE, [?. Br.

Lycopodium laterale, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1, p. 165; Hook. Bot. Mise. 2,
p. 371; A. Gunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 8361; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 82; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. 2, p. 54.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson, New South Wales. Bay of Islands,
New Zealand: in marshes. (The whole plant does not exceed ten
inches in height.)

13. Lycopopium pensum, Labull.

Lycopodium densum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. 2, p. 104, t. 251, f. 1; Willd. Spec. Pl.
5, p. 22; Hook. Bot. Mise. 2, p. 368; A. Cunn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p-
306; Spring, in Mem. Acad, Brux. 15, p. 86; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. 2, p. 53.

LYCOPODIACES 395

Has. Vicinity of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand: in open,
elevated situations, among bushes.

This species, though less a lover of shade than the L. dendroideum,
is very similar in habit; but has its leaves more appressed to the
stem, and the spikes are shorter and more numerous.

14. Lycoropium cernuum, Linn.

Lycopodium cernuum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 178; Raddi, Pl. Brasil. 1, p. 78 ;
Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 284; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 369 (excl. 8. curvatum &
syn.); Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 79, pro parte.

Has. Vicinity of Estrella and Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Tahiti, Society
Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands.

In the plants from the Pacific Islands the stems are furnished with
a short pubescence, of which the Brazilian plant is destitute.

15. Lycopopium curvatum, Sw.

Lycopodium curvatum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 178 & 402; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 81;
Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 2, p. 266; Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 284; Spring, in
Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p.,81.

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent.

We concur with Blume and Gaudichaud in considering this as
distinct from LZ. cernwuwm, Linn., to which it has sometimes been
referred. The whole plant is larger, of a more rigid and robust
habit, with broader and stiffer incurved leaves; and the spikes are
almost invariably longer, their scales broader and more spreading.

16. Lycoropium Laxum, Presi.

Lycopodium laxum, Presi, Rel. Hzenk. p. 83 ; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 60.
LL. acrostachyum, Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 181.
L. flagellaria, Bory; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 370, & 3, p. 105.

82

396 FILICES.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands: com-
mon on trees.

17. Lycopopium varium, R. Br.

Lycopodium varium, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 165; Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t.
112; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 57, & 24, p. 24; Hook. f. Fl. Antare.
p- 115, & Fl. Nov. Zeal. 2, p. 52.

Has. Lord Auckland Islands. New Zealand; on the banks of
the Waicaddie River. ;

Specimens of what we take to be a variety of this species (without
fructification) were collected by Dr. Silas Holmes, Surgeon of the Brig
Porpoise, on the Lord Auckland Islands. They are once or twice
branched, erect, rigid, and from 8 to 10 inches high; the stems are
about the. thickness of a crowquill, closely beset with long, linear,
coriaceous, obtuse leaves, having a revolute margin, and arranged in
a somewhat six-ranked manner.

18. Lycopopium PHiEamarta, Linn.

Lycopodium Phlegmaria, Linn. ex. Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 176; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 10;
Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 281; Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 261; Hook. Bot.
Mise. 2, p. 873; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 63. |

LL. mirabile, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 11; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 5.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoan and Feejee Islands. Mount
Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands: on trees. —

Our specimen from the Philippine Islands accords with the cha-
racter given by Blume of his var. ¢. gracilescens. Those from the
Pacific Islands are of the normal form.

19. Lycopopium pAcHysTacHyon, Spring.

Lycopodium pachystachyon, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 66.
L. phyllanthum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 102; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 73.

LYCOPODIACESR 397

Has. Sandwich Islands; frequent on trees and decayed wood, on
all the islands of this group visited by us.

20. Lycoroprum NUTANS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 46.)

L. caule rigido erecto dichotomo ; foliis verticillatis divaricatis lanceolato-
linearibus integerrimis acutis margine revolutis ; spicis crassis teretibus
obtusis dichotomis nutantibus ; squamis imbricatis oblongis acuminatis ;
capsulis reniformibus. | |

Has: Sandwich Islands: high mountains of Oahu, growing on
trees; rare.

Stem erect, rigid, about the thickness of a goosequill, from 14 to 18
inches high, twice or thrice dichotomously branched. Leaves rigid,
approximate, verticillate, 4 or 5 in a whorl, the lower ones a little
detlexed, those of the branches divaricate, lance-linear, acute, 8 to 10
lines long and 13 lines broad, the margin revolute and entire, those
towards the base of the spike the shortest; the nerve on the upper
side slightly carinate, beneath plane. Spikes 3 to 5 inches in length
and about one-fourth of an inch in diameter, stout, round, nodding,
and once or twice dichotomously branched; the branches tapering very
gradually towards the apex, which is obtuse. Scales 3 or 4 times
longer than the capsules, erect, imbricated, oblong, ucuminate. Cap-
sules two-valved, of a pale straw-colour, reniform, and entirely con-
cealed by the scales.

This is one of the most robust species of the genus. It is very
well distinguished from the preceding by its stouter stem, and its thick
and nodding spikes: the leaves on the stems also are more crowded,
and the scales of the spikes are of considerably greater length.

Prats 46.—Fig. 1. A portion of a plant, of the natural size. 1 a.
Leaf from the stem. 10. Scale from a spike, with a capsule at the
base. 1c. Cross section of the stem. 1d. A capsule. le. Spores —
The details magnified.

328 FILICES.

21. LycopopIUM NUMMULARIFOLIUM, Blume.

Lycopodium nummularifolium, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. 2, p. 263 ; Hook. Bot. Alias
2, p. 374; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 68.
L. rotundifolium, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 212?

Has. Feejee Islands: on trees.

This is very evidently the plant of Blume, although none of our
specimens exhibit such a decidedly pendulous habit as the L. rotundi-

folium of the Icones Filicum; which, however, in other respects
accords with our plant.

22. LycopopiuMm PINIFOLIUM, Blume.

Lycopodium pinifolium, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 264; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 58.

Has. Mount Majaijai, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

This is closely allied to some of the forms of LZ. varium, R. Brown ;

from which it differs by the narrower and more acute leaves, and the
ovate, acuminate, mucronate scales.

23. Lycopopium CLAVATUM, Linn.

Lycopodium clavatum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 179; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 16;
Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 8; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 875; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2,
p. 267; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 89, & 24, p. 42.

L. piliferum, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 79, t. 3.

Has. Oregon: in pine forests, at the base of Mount Rainier.
Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Our specimens from Oregon are without fertile spikes; their leaves

are narrow and much attenuated, with minute teeth on the margin,

LYCOPODIACES. 329

and the capillary point peculiar to many forms of this species is very
short. The Brazilian specimens are tolerably well represented by
Raddi’s figure of his L. piliferum ; in which the capillary point is half
as long as the leaf itself.

24, LYCOPODIUM VENUSTULUM, Gaud.

Lycopodium venustulum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 283, t. 22; Spring, in Mem.
Acad. Brux. 15, p. 84.

Has. Sandwich Islands; on mountains of Hawaii and Oahu; at an
elevation of from 4,000 to 8,000 feet. ,

Hooker and Greville, in the Botanical Miscellany, have referred
this to the L. aristatum, Humboldt; a species with which we are not
acquainted, and we therefore prefer following M. Spring, who con-
siders the two plants as distinct. The leaves are shorter, incurved,
more crowded, and somewhat imbricated; the spikes are much longer;
the scales larger; and the diaphanous hair at the point is also longer
than in the preceding species, to which in habit it bears considerable
resemblance.

Gaudichaud’s figure represents that state of the plant, found in
sheltered situations, which has the leaves less crowded and more
spreading than in specimens from more elevated, arid, and exposed
localities.

25. Lycopoplum MaGELLANIcUM, Sw.

Lycopodium Magellanicum, Sy. Syn. Fil. p. 180; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 15; Gaud.
Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 282; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 377; Spring, in Mem. Acad,
Brux. 15, p. 96.

L. clavatum, var. Hook. f. Fl. Antare. p. 1138.

Has. Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego; frequent.

83

330 FILICES.

26. LycopopIUM HETEROPHYLLUM, Hook. & Grev.

Lycopodium heterophyllum, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 118; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15, p. 88. .

Has. Sandwich Islands; on Mouna Loa, Hawaii, at the altitude of
8,000 feet.

The leaves of the branches and peduncles are very dissimilar ;
those of the former being subulate, entire, spreading, and slightly
incurved at the point; while those of the peduncles are more distant,
their margins spinulose-serrate, and bearing at the point a slender,
diaphanous hair. The spikes are usually in threes, and scarcely over
an inch in length.

§ 2. STIPULATA.
x Ramis complanatis erectis.
27. LycoPoDIUM COMPLANATUM, Linn.

Lycopodium complanatum, Linn. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 180; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.
19; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 378; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 267; Spring, in
Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 101.

L. thyoides, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 80; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 284.

Has. Brazil: on the Organ Mountains. Tahiti, Society Islands:
on mountain ridges, destitute of trees.

Our North American plant and variovf§ specimens from elevated
situations within the tropics do not differ in any important character
from each other; at least so far as concerns the Brazilian and Tahitian
plants.

LYCOPODIACES. 331

28. LyCcoPoDIUM VOLUBILE, Forst.

Lycopodium volubile, Forst. ex Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 180; Willd. Spee. Pl. 5, p. 13;
Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 170; Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 380; A. Cunn. in Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 361; Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 15, p. 105.

Has. New Zealand, vicinity of the Bay of Islands.

This graceful species inhabits elevated, and open places on the
margins of forests, forming dense masses, through which it is often
very difficult for the traveller to force his way, owing to its wiry
stems becoming entangled among the neighbouring bushes.

In Hooker’s Botanical Miscellany this is said to be also a native of
the Sandwich and Society Islands; but we have some doubts with
regard to its ever having been found at the Sandwich Islands.

4. SELAGINELLA, Beaw., Spring.
(Lycopopir Sp. Linn. & Auct.)

§ 1. Folia (etiam spicarum) homomorpha.
1. SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS, Spring.

Selaginella rupestris, Spring, in Endl. & Mart. Fl. Brasil. 1, p. 118, & Mem. Acad.
Brux. 24, p. 55.

Lycopodium rupestre, Linn.; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 181; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 830; Raddi,
Plant. Brasil. p. 80, t. 4, bis, f. 2; Gaud. Bot. Freyce. Voy. p. 284; Hook. Bot.
Misc. p. 8373; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 267.

Has. Oregon: in rocky places, on the banks of the Columbia
River, near Fort Okanagan. Peru; in the vicinity of Obrajillo.
Brazil; on the Corcovado, Rio Janeiro.

2. SELAGINELLA ULIGINOSA, Spring.

Selaginella uliginosa, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 60.

332 FILICES.

Lycopodium uliginosum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 82; R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p.
165; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 285; Hook. Bot. Mise. 2, p. 369.

Has. Vicinity of Port Jackson, New South Wales.

3. SELAGINELLA DEFLEXA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 45.)

S. caulibus assurgentibus basi ramosis; ramis gracilibus suberectis ;
Solus quadriseriatis deflecis oblongis acuminatis carinatis spinuloso-
serratis ; spicis teretibus sessilibus.

Has. Kauai and Oahu, Sandwich Islands: in the mountains, on
trees; rare.

Plant 4 to 6 inches high, growing in tufts composed of a very few
stems, which are assurgent, and dividing about an inch above the root
into an indefinite number of branches. Branches nearly erect, slender,
terminated by a yellow, round, sessile, fertile spike, of an inch or two
in length. Leaves usually in 4 rows, deflexed, oblong-acuminate, keeled
behind, the lower ones nearly entire, those on the upper part of the
plant spinulose-serrate and more spreading. Antheridia somewhat
reniform, filled with a yellowish powder. Oophoridia globose, con-
taining 3 or 4 nearly round, echinate, yellowish grains.

This differs from S. uliginosa in its more dense, narrower and
longer, deflexed, spinulose-serrate leaves.

Puate 45.—Fig. 3. Plant, of the natural size. 3a, a. Sections of
the stem. 36. Antheridium. 3c. Oophoridium, with a leaf. 3d,
d, d. Oophoridia, showing the dehiscence. 3, e, e. Grains from the
oophoridia.—The details more or less magnified.

§ 2. Folia dimorpha.
* Spice quadrangulares, squamis conformibus.

4, SELAGINELLA ARBUSCULA, Spring.

Selaginella Arbuscula, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 183.

LYCOPODIACES. 333

Lycopodium Arbuscula, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 19; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p- 102.

Has. Sandwich Islands: at the elevation of from 1,000 to 5,000
feet.

This species seldom exceeds 5 inches in height; the stems are
assurgent, emitting roots at the bends, and dividing upwards into
numerous and somewhat erect branches; the branchlets are termi-
nated by one or two quadrangular spikes, about a quarter of an inch
in length. Leaves of an ovate-lanceolate form, a little twisted and
falcate, the superior margin finely serrated; the inferior at the base
sometimes bearded with a few short hairs. Stipules about half the
size of the leaves, ovate, mucronate, and sharply serrate; while the
scales of the spikes, though somewhat larger than the stipules, are of
the same’form, and have an evident keel. Antheridia small, orbi-
cular, filled with fine whitish powder. Oophoridia larger than the
antheridia, situated near the base of the spike, and containing 3 to 4
angular, whitish globules.

5, SELAGINELLA Menzissu, Spring.

Selaginella Menziesii, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 185.

Lycopodium Menziesii, Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 390; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p. 102.

L. Arbuscula, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 200 (non Kaulf.).

Has. Sandwich Islands: in mountain forests; frequent. Samoan
and Feejee Islands.

So far as we are aware, this species has heretofore been found only
at the Sandwich Islands. The plants from the Feejee and Samoan
groups are larger; and the hairs at the base of the leaves longer, than
in those of the Sandwich Islands.

6. SELAGINELLA PouzoLzIANA, Spring.

Selaginella Pouzolziana, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 142.
Lycopodium Pouzolzianum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 287.
84

334 FILICES.

Has. Mindanao, Philippine Islands: in forests, near Fort Caldera.

This is a very handsome plant, from 12 to 2 feet in height; the
upper surface of the leaves of a dark green colour, the lower paler
and somewhat shining. The leaves of the branches contract very
gradually into a narrow point; the branches terminated by the spikes,
which are from 5 to 7 lines in length.

7. SELAGINELLA ATRO-VIRIDIS, Spring.

Selaginella atro-viridis, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 124.
Lycopodium atro-viride, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 39, & Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 887;
Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 269.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Samoa and Feejee Islands.

This beautiful species occurs very frequently in all the groups of
islands designated above, and inhabits shady and humid situations
in mountain forests. Plant from one to two feet high, with a nearly
round. stem, from which roots are emitted near the base, while above
they are sparsely beset with ovate-oblong and appressed leafy scales ;
the summit is much branched in a dichotomous manner; the branches
spreading. Leaves linear-oblong, somewhat falcate, the margin entire,
or sometimes finely serrated, of a darker green on the upper than the
under side. Stipules ovate-oblong, cuspidate, slightly falcate, about
one-fourth or one-fifth the size of the leaves. Spikes either solitary
or in pairs, four-angled, and from half an inch to an inch in length;
the scales oblong, acuminate, keeled; the margin very finely serrated.
Antheridia small, cordate-oblong; the powder whitish. Oophoridia

ovate, larger than the antheridia, and containing 3 or 4 globular
particles.

8. SELAGINELLA APUS, Spring.

Selaginella apus, Spring, in Mart. & Endl. Fl. Brasil. 1, p. 119, & Mem. Acad.
Brux. 24, p. 76.

LYCOPODIACE AZ. 335

Lycopodium apodum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 184; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 38; Hook. Bot.
Mise. 2, p. 399.

LL. Brasiliense, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. p. 82, t. 1, f. 1.

LL. patulum, Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 285.

D. albidulum, Hook. Bot. Misc. 2, p. 398.

Has. On the Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Plant 3 or 4 inches high, of a pale green colour, composed of
slender, branching stems, throwing out roots at the axils of the
branches. Leaves distichous, ovate-oblong, acute, and slightly cordate
at the base; the margin finely serrated; the nerve slightly keeled
on the upper side. Stipules appressed, oval, and somewhat cuspidate,
about one-third the size of the leaves, but having longer teeth on
the margin. Spikes a little over a quarter of an inch in length,
four-angled, usually solitary, with oblong, acuminate, and finely toothed
bracts.

9, SELAGINELLA CILIARIS, Spring.

Selaginella ciliaris, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 233.

Lycopodium ciliare, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 185; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p.46; Blume, Enum.
Pl. Jay. p. 270,

L. calostachyum, Hook. Bot. Mise. 3, p. 108.

Has. On mountains, behind the town of Muthuata, Feejee Islands.

The whole plant is from 3 to 5 inches high, and branched from 4
to 6 times in a distichous manner; the lower branches are somewhat
assurgent, and with filiform roots springing from the axils; the upper
branches are more erect and spreading, the points slightly incurved.
Leaves of a darker green on the upper than under surface, on the
inferior half of the plant somewhat distant, above more approximated
and spreading, ovate-oblong, obtuse, slightly keeled above, and with a
narrow channel underneath ; the base ciliate, the superior half dilated
and. partially concealing the stem, the inferior edge decurrent. Sti-
pules about one-fourth the size of the leaves, oval, contracted rather
abruptly into a short tail-like point, which is turned a little to one
side; the margin ciliated; the nerve forming a slight keel on the

336 FILICES.

upper side. Spikes solitary, 4 to 5 lines long; the scales somewhat
pectinate, and with a more evident denticulate point. Antheridia
ovate; the fine powder of a reddish colour. Oophoridia globose; the
globules 3 or 4, of a whitish colour.

10. SELAGINELLA NANA, Desv.
Selaginella nana, Desv. ex Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 240.

Has. In the vicinity of Pago-pago Bay, Tutuila, one of the Samoan
Islands.

Plant small and creeping. Stems rigid, nearly round, prostrate, 2
or 24 inches long, of a pale straw colour, interruptedly bisulcate on
the upper side, and slightly corrugated on the under side, emitting
roots from the axils of the somewhat erect and twice or thrice
divided branches. Leaves of a dark green colour on the upper, and
of a paler green on the under side, about a line long, and half a line
broad, a little distant on the main stem, spreading, ovate-oblong,
somewhat acute, with the point turned upwards, keeled on the upper
side, ciliate-serrate at the base, the inferior margin finely serrated or
sometimes entire, the superior half of the base oblique. Stipules
about half the size of the leaves, distant, oval, apiculate, serrate, the
point turned a little inwards, slightly keeled on the upper side.
Spikes 2 to 4 lines long, solitary, or sometimes in pairs. Scales
ovate-oblong, acute, spinulose-serrate. Antheridia globose; the powder
amber-coloured. Oophoridia globose, enclosing 2 or 3 round and
slightly angular grains, of a whitish colour.

Our plant differs a little from that described by Spring; the spikes
being somewhat longer, and the margin of the scales not so decidedly
ciliate.

11. SELAGINELLA CUPRESSINA, Spring.

Selaginella cupressina, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 113.
Lycopodium cupressinum, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 43.
L. cataphractum, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. p. 267.

LYCOPODIACEAE. 337

Has. Philippine Islands; in the neighbourhood of Batios Luzon.

Stem angular, one to 14 feet in length, slender, flaccid, creeping,
pubescent on the under side; the primary branches short and spread-
ing, once or twice divided in a dichotomous manner. Leaves crowded,
about a line long, of a dark green on the upper, and of a silvery hue
on the under surface, oblong-lanceolate, slightly faleate and somewhat
acute, the margin entire, the base oblique, contracted and rounded,
the superior half ciliate, the nerve on the upper side narrow and
slightly raised, while underneath it is broader and more elevated,
and furnished with a shallow groove along its middle. Stipules from
one-third to one-fourth the size of the leaves, ovate or oblong, con-
tracted rather abruptly into a short and awn-like point, which is
bent inwards, partially keeled on the upper side; the base oblique,
slightly cordate, the margin spinulose-serrate. Spikes 3 to 6 lines
long, quadrangular; the scales of a pale green colour, somewhat efect,
ovate, acuminate, slightly cordate at the base, their margin finely
and sharply serrate; the centre marked with a greenish keel on the
outer or under side. Antheridia oblong-ovate; the powder orange-
coloured. Oophoridia wanting.

12. SELAGINELLA SULCATA, Spring.

Selaginella sulcata, Spring, in Endl. & Mart. FI. Brasil. 1, p. 230, & Mem. Acad.
Brux. 24, p. 214.

Lycopodium sulcatum, Desv. in Lam. Dict. Suppl. 3, p. 549.

L. marginatum, Gaud. Bot. Freye. Voy. p. 286.

L. plumosum, Velloz. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 1138.

LL. stoloniferum, Hort.

Has. In the vicinity of Rio Janeiro, and in the Organ Mountains,
Brazil.

This is a plant of very frequent occurrence in thickets of bushes
and open forest lands, where it forms large patches; the long, leafy,
branching, articulated stems, raised from the ground on extra-axillary
roots, of from 2 to 4 inches in length. The spikes are solitary, 5 to
10 lines long, four-angled, and bear, besides the normal ovate-oblong

antheridia, one or two of a larger size, situated near the base of the
85

338 FILICES.

stipe, and containing, like the first, an ochraceous powder. The
oophoridia contain 3 cream-coloured, round, rough-pitted globules.

13. SELAGINELLA SUAVIS, Spring.

Selaginella swavis, Spring, in Endl. & Mart. Fl. Brasil. 1, p. 231 (excl. syn. Gaud.),
& Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 216.

Has. On the Organ Mountains, Brazil.

This is closely allied to the preceding species, but is readily distin-
guished by its smaller size and more compact habit; the articulations
of the stems not so evident; the stipules more imbricated, and the

awn at the point longer; the roots shorter and axillary.
>

14. SELAGINELLA DENTICULATA, Link.

Selaginella denticulata, Link, Spec. Fil. Hort. Berol. p. 159; Spring, in Mem. Acad.
Brux. 24, p. 82.

Lycopodium denticulatum, Linn. Spec. Pl. p. 1569; Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 183; Willd.
Spee. Pl. 5, p. 84; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 17.

L. depressum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 185 & 412; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 36.

Has. Island of Madeira.

x «x Spice compress, secunde, squamis dimorphis.

15. SELAGINELLA MYOSUROIDES, Spring.

Selayinella myosuroides, Spring, in Mem. Acad. Brux. 24, p. 236.
Tycopodium myosuroides, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 19.

Has. Philippine Islands: on mountains, near Bafios, Luzon.
Plant from 2 to 5 inches high, much branched: branches flexuose,

somewhat erect, sparsely beset with leaves near the base, where a few
axillary slender roots are produced; the branchlets short, each bear-

LYCOPODIACEZ. 339

ing a solitary spike. Leaves distant, deeper green on the upper than
the under surface, scarcely a line long, and about half a line broad,
. oblong-lanceolate, acute, the margin somewhat revolute and minutely
toothed, the superior half of the base dentate-ciliate; the nerve pro-
minent on the upper side. Stipules divergent, oblong-linear, aristate,
keeled; the margin minutely toothed. Spikes 3 to 5 lines long, com-
planate and pectinate. Anterior bracts or scales somewhat imbri-
cated and spreading, oblong, acuminate; the posterior ones much
smaller, ovate-lanceolate, and contracted gradually into a long dentate
point; the margin dentate-ciliate; the nerve very prominent. An-
theridia globose; the powder orange-coloured. Oophoridia containing
3 round, smooth, pale rose-coloured globules.

HYDROPTERIDES.

1. MARSILEA, Linn.

1. MarsILea QuapRIFOLIA, Linn.

Marsilea quadrifolia, Linn. ; Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 588; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p- 271;
Blume, Enum. Pl. Jay. 2, p. 278.

Has. Feejee Islands; in pools of still water, and plantations of
Caladium esculentum.

This species has a very extensive geographical distribution, being
found, we believe, in all the four quarters of the globe. The veins
in this, as in the two following species, radiate from, and fork near
the base of the leaves; the veinlets repeatedly anastomosing before
reaching the margin, forming long linear meshes; with a more deli-
cate set of reticulated nerves’ occupying the area within the meshes:
these nerves in the present species, are readily detected by the assis-
tance of a common lens.

2. MARSILEA VILLosA, Kaul/.

Marsilea villosa, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 272.
M. vestita, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 159; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2, p. 268.

Has. Oregon; in the vicinity of Fort Wallawalla: in lands subject
to inundation. California; in the valley of the Sacramento River.
Oahu, Sandwich Islands; near Waianae and between Honolulu and
Ewa: in moist places. Hunter River, New South Wales; on the
margins of ponds.

HYDROPTERIDES. 341

The plants from these several localities do not differ from each
other in any essential respect. The leaves and peduncles, in speci-
mens from the same locality, sometimes vary in being more or less
villous. Our Oregon plant is evidently the MM. vestita of Hooker and
Greville, although not quite so hairy in all its parts as represented
by their figure. It is very possible that the MW. hirsuta of R. Brown
may be identical with the present species, but we have not the means
of determining this point.

3. MARSILEA POLYCARPA, Hook. & Grev.

Marsilea polycarpa, Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. t. 160.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands; at Papeiti and Point Venus: in slow
moving waters.

It is gratifying to be able to extend the geographical range of this
interesting and beautiful species, which, so far as we know, had been
found only in the tropical parts of South America.

2, SALVINIA, Meche.
1. SALVINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Willd.

Salvinia rotundifolia, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 537; Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 1, t.1,
f.5; Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 406.

Has. Floating in the Rio Anhumirim, Estrella, Brazil.

2. SALVINIA BILOBA, Raddt.

Salvinia biloba, Raddi, Plant. Brasil. 1, p. 1, t. 1, f. 4, a, b.
Marsilea natans, Velloz. Fl. Flum. 11, t. 111.

Has. Floating in the Rio Anhumirim, Estrella, Brazil; in great
abundance.

Very distinct from the preceding species in its two-lobed leaves.
e 86

349 FILICES.

38. AZOLLA, Lam.
1. Azo~ttA MaGeLnanica, Willd.

Azolla Magellanica, Willd. Spec. Pl. 5, p. 541; Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 273; Gaud.
Bot. Freyc. Voy. p. 406.
Salvinia Azolla, Raddi, Plant. Brazil. 1, p. 2, t. 1, f. 3.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Shores of Rio Negro, Pata-
gonia. Chili. Callao, Peru.

This elegant little plant is very plentiful on the muddy shores of
the Rio Negro, growing in patches 3 to 6 inches in diameter. In
Chili, we found it still more abundant, inhabiting creeks or pools of
still water by the margins of streams. The plants from these two
countries are identical, while the fronds of the Peruvian plant are
much larger and more lax in their growth; but this is to be attributed
rather to the warmer climate than to any specific distinction.

2. AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA, Kaulf.

Azolla microphylla, Kaulf. Enum. Fil. p. 273; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
p. 162.

Has. Vicinity of St. Clara, California: in pools of standing water.

The only difference we can detect between this and the preceding
species consists in the much smaller size of the present plant; and
perhaps the margins of the leaves are not quite so decidedly membra-
naceous.

CORRECTIONS.

Page 8, line 10 from bottom, for “ stipitibus,” read stipite.

10;. “ 14. é¢ for “ Marginari,” read Marginaria.
tl, “« 4 « as for “ stipitibus,” read stipite.
LH et a ie * for “hirsutes,” read hirsutis.

hod Ace th for “pennatis,” read pinnatis.

for “valovato-,” read vel ovato-.

a1. 2 for “ subariculato,” read subauriculato.

12, “ 11, for “cultralum,” read cultratum.

14, “ 12, for “35,” read 26.

18, “ 10 from bottom, for “ stipitibus,” read stipite.

20, * O a for “47,” read 74.

21, “ 4, for “sulcatus,” read sulcatis.

, 31, bottom line, for “13,” read 23.

40, line 9, for “ SynAmim,” read SYNAMMLA.

40, “ 4 from bottom, for “436,” read 346.

40, “© 3 «& for “196,” read 193.

aT ee ® ‘ for “ ACUMINATA,’ read SYLVATICA.

68, “ 38, add: (Tab. 9.)

68, after line 18, add: Prats 9.—Fig. 1. Plant, of the natural
size. la. Sporangia. 16. Sporules—The dissections
magnified.

69, line 6 from bottom, close at 107, and add: A. scolopendri-

folium, before Raddi, Plant. Brasil., Xc.

92, “ 5 from bottom, close at 162. Add: H. spectabilis,

before Hook., &c.
93, “ 7, for “p. 303,” read 203.

344

CORRECTIONS.

Page 117, line 19, for “ Or1nTHOPTERIS,” read ORNITHOPTERIS.

121, «
146, «
147, «
170, «

205,
207, «
225, «
296, «
228, «
244,
266, «

3 from bottom, for “68,” read 86.

5 aS for “ Thamnopteris,” read Neottoptercs.

1, for “ FEEJEENSIS,” read FEEJEENSE.

1, for “ FURCATUM,” read BIPINNATUM: there is already
an Asplenium furcatum.

11, for “364,” read 367.

2, for “75,” read 57.

15, after “p. 175,” add: t. 53.

5, for “ Macrmana,” read MACRZANUM.

7, for “‘ POLYPODIDOIDES,” read POLYPODIOIDES.

13 from bottom, for “375,” read 345.

7, for “ FEEJEENSIS,” read FEEJEENSE.

324, bottom line, for “306,” read 360.
331, line 6 from bottom, after “ Misc.” add 2.

INDEX.

SYNONYMES, AND THE NAMES OF GENERA AND SPECIES INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED,

ARE IN ITALIC.

A. Adenophorus tripinnatifidus, 18.
Adiantum affine, 98.

Acropteris, 146, 156.
Acrostichieze, 67.
Acrostichum emulum, 71.
alcicorne, 84.
aureum, 82.
biforme, 84.
calomelanos, 25.
danzezefolium, 82
gorgoneum, 74.
grande, 85.
hybridum, 69.
Lepidopteris, 33.
Lingua, 74.
obtusifolium, 73.
Raddianum, 67.
reticulatum, 81.
scandens, 87.
serratifolium, 87.
sinuatum, 19.
spathulinum, 67.
splendens, 68.
tartareum, 24.
trifoliatum, 24.
viscosum, 71.
Actinostachys digitata, 304.

asarifolium, 95.
assimile, 97.
betulinum, 101.
Capillus-Veneris, 96.
caudatum, 95.
Chilense, 97.
conicum, 101.
cuneatum, 97.
formosum, 101.
Jovearum, 99.
hispidulum, 98.
lunulatum, 95.
obtusum, 96.
paradoxum, 93.
patens, 100.
pedatum, 100.
pentadactylon, 101.
pubescens, 100.
radiatum, 93.
reniforme, 94.
scabrum, 96.
ternatum, 99.
triangulatum, 99.
trigonum, 97.
truncatum, 101.

Adenophorus bipinnatus, 12. Aglaomorpha Meyeniana, 56.
hymenophylloides, 13. Allantodia australis, 174.

minutus, 13.
pinnatifidus, 8.
tamarisci, 12.

Brunonis, 177.
scandicina, 174.
umbrosa, 173.

346

Allosorus acrostichoides, 19.
Alsophila australis, 284.
caudata, 285.
decurrens, 289.
ferox, 284.
hirsuta, 285.
hirta, 285.
lunulata, 285.
Samoensis, 287.
Tahitensis, 288.
Teenitis, 290.
truncata, 289.
Anemia collina, 305.
flexuosa, 506.
Jfraxinifolia, 807.
longifolia, 307.
Mandiocana, 305.
Phyllitidis, 307.
radicans, 305.
repens, 306.
Anemidictyon fraxinifolia, 307.
Phyllitidis, 307.
Angiopteris attenuata, 310.
evecta, 310.
Anisogonium decussatum, 177.
Antrophyum alatum, 64.
angustatum, 63.
plantagineum, 64.
pumilum, 64.
reticulatum, 63.
subfalcatum, 65.
Aspidiese, 178.
Aspidium aculeatum, 205.
alatum, 179.
argutum, 196.
biserratum, 218.
caryotideum, 184.
coriaceum, 207.
cyatheoides, 189.
elongatum, 195.
exaltatum, 211.
Jalciculatum, 198.
Filix-feemina, 1738.
fragile, 2338.
Hippocrepis, 181.
hirsutulum, 211.
hispidum, 208.

Aspidium irregulare, 180.

macrophyllum, 180.
mohrioides, 203.
molle, 186.
munitum, 208.
nertiforme, 213.
obtusifolium, 210.
patens, 1938.
pendulum, 211.
pennigerum, 28.
platyphyllum, 206.
repandum, 179.
resiniferum, 185.
stnuatum, 182.
splendens, 212.
truncatulum, 209.
umbrosum, 173.
unitum, 189.
varium, 1838.
velutinum, 198.
venustum, 205.
vestitum, 205.

Aspleniez, 139.
Asplenium acutum, 166.

acuminatum, 164.
Adiantum-nigrum, 165.
ambiguum, 142, 178.
Amboinense, 147.
anceps, 151.
apicedentatum, 155.
attenuatum, 160.
australe, 173.
bipinnatum, 170.
Brasiliensis, 146.
bulbiferum, 167.
Canariense, 161.
contiguum, 158.
crenulatum, 146.
cristatum, 1638.
cuneatum, 163.
decussatum, 177.
densum, 151.
deparioides, 172.
diplazioides, 144.
dissectum, 170.
distans, 155.
dubium, 172.

Asplenium enatum, 153.
falcatum, 157.
Feejense, 147.
filiforme, 158.
Filix-feemina, 173.
flabellifolium, 156.
flaccidum, 167.
feeniculaceum, 169.
furcatum, 162.
heterophyllum, 167.
horridum, 158.
imbricatum, 159.
inequilaterale, 149.
insiticum, 161.

laserpitiifolium, 166.

laxum, 168.
lucidum, 154.
Macreei, 159.
Magellanicum, 165.
marginatum, 177.
marinum, 150.
Martinicense, 161.
Menziesii, 151.

monanthemum, 151.

multifidum, 171.
multisectum, 174.
Nidus, 146, 175.
obliquum, 154.
obtusatum, 155.
palmatum, 148.
patens, 164, 165.
pavonicum, 150.
Phyllitidis, 176.
Poiretianum, 175.
protensum, 153.

pseudo-nitidum, 160.

pulchellum, 148.
rachirhizon, 166.
resectum, 149.
rhomboideum, 156.
riparium, 162.
salicifolium, 149.
scandicinum, 167.
scleroprium, 155.
semicordatum, 149.
simile, 152.
strictum, 168.

INDEX. 347

Asplenium tenerum, 149.
triphyllum, 159.
umbrosum, 173.

Athyrium australe, 174.
Filix-femina, 173.
Poiretianum, 175.

scandicinum, 174.
umbrosum, 173.
Azolla Magellanica, 342.
microphylla, 342.

B.

Balantium Brownianum, 273.
Bernhardia complanata, 319.
dichotoma, 319.
Blechnum australe, 129.
boreale, 123.
Brasiliense, 132.
calophyllum, 132.
cartilagineum, 130.
Corcovadense, 132.
Fluminense, 132.
Fontanesianum, 1383.
glandulosum, 129.
gracile, 129.
hastatum, 130.
lanceolatum, 128.
occidentale, 129.
onocleoides, 124.
orientale, 132.
pallidum, 133.
polystichoides, 134.
procerum, 127.
squarrosum, 135.
stagninum, 182.
vittatum, 131.
volubile, 136.
Botrychium australe, 317.
fumarioides, 316.
lunariotdes, 316.
obliquum, 316.
subbifoliatum, 317.
Virginicum, 317.
Zeylanicum, 318. *

348
C.

Cenopteris flaccida, 167.
Callipteris Malabarica, 178.
prolifera, 177.
Calmella, 291.
Calymmodon hirtus, 2.
Campium, 85.
Campteria, 104, 106.
Campyloneurum, 39.
Cassebeera, 91.
Ceratopteris thalictroides, 67.
Ceterach, 57.
aspidioides, 26.
Cheilanthes ambigua, 91.
arborescens, 89.
Brasiliensis, 92.
dissecta, 90.
lentigera, 92.
radiata, 93.
spectabilis, 92.
tenuifolia, 92.
vestita, 91.
Chnoophora, 284.
Cibotium Chamissoi, 279.
glaucum, 279.
Menziesii, 280.
proliferum, 240.

Cryptogramma, acrostichoides, 19.

Ctenopteris, 3, 10.

Culcita, 278, 276.

Cyathez, 281.

Cyathea affinis, 283.
canaliculata, 282.
dealbata, 281.
medullaris, 281.

Cyclodium, 185.

Cyrtogonium acuminatum, 86.

palustre, 86.
rivulare, 85.
scandens, 87.
serratifolium, 87.
Cyrtomium caryotideum, 184.
Cyrtophlebium decurrens, 89.
nitidum, 59.
repens, 39.
Cystopteris, Douglasii, 232.

INDEX.

Cystopteris fragilis, 233.
Sandwicensis, 234.
Tasmanica, 233.

D.

Darea flaccida, 167.
' furcata, 170.
Davallia Blumeana, 227.
Boryana, 225.
Canariensis, 243.
contigua, 241.
Cumingii, 230.
dubia, 278.
elata, 247.
elegans, 247.
Emersoni, 240.
Feejeensis, 246.
flaccida, 238.
gibberosa, 241, 248.
gracilis, 235.
heterophylla, 227.
hirta, 239.
ineequalis, 235.
Kunzeana, 224.
Dindeni, 241.
patens, 247.
pectinata, 229.
pentaphylla, 241.
polypodioides, 238.
pulchella, 225.
pycnocarpa, 242.
pyxidata, 244.
remota, 248.
Schimperi, 241.
solida, 244.
Tahitensis, 245.
tenuifolia, 248.
trichosticha, 289.
Deparia Macreei, 240.
prolifera, 240.
Dicksoniez, 215.
Dicksonia adiantoides, 274, 275.
Berteroana, 277.
dubia, 278.
Kaulfussiana, 239.

| -

Dicksonia polypodioides, 238.

prolifera, 240.
repens, 225.
rubiginosa, 275.
scandens, 275.
Sellowiana, 277.
squarrosa, 276.
straminea, 2738.
tenera, 275.
Torreyana, 278.

Diclidopteris angustissima, 135.

Dictyopteris attenuata, 57.
irregularis, 57.
Didymochleena sinuosa, 209.
Diellia erecta, 218.
falcata, 219.
pumila, 219.
Digrammaria ambigua, 178.
Diplazium acuminatum, 139.
arborescens, 143.
Arnottii, 144.
bulbiferum, 141.
congruum, 141.
falcatum, 143.
Malabaricum, 178.
melanocaulon, 144.
plantagineum, 139.
proliferum, 140.
pulcherrimum, 209.
Shepherdi, 142.
speciosum, 145.
Dipteris, 42.
Disphenia, 281.
Doodia aspera, 137.
Kunthiana, 137.
Doryopteris decora, 103.
pedata, 103.
sagittifolia, 102.
varians, 102.
Drynaria acuminata, 42, 47.
alata, 48.
alternifolia, 53.
Billardieri, 51.
coadunata, 49.
crassifolia, 43.
decurrens, 48.
diversifolia, 55.

INDEX. 349

88

Drynaria elongata, 42.
glauca, 54.
Horsfieldii, 46.
latifolia, 50.
longifolia, 45.
maxima, 51.
obtusata, 44.
palmata, 50.
polycarpa, 44.
pulverulenta, 43.
pustulata, 52.
quercifolia, 55.
Spectrum, 46.
sylvatica, 47.
vulgaris, 53.

E.

Elaphoglossum eemulum, 71.
Feejeense, 72.
gorgoneum, 74.
hybridum, 69.
intermedium, 69.
Lingua, 74.
longipes, 70.
nitidum, 70.
obtusifolium, 72.
Raddianum, 67.
Samoense, 68.
splendens, 68.
Tahitense, 73.
viscosum, 71.
Ellobocarpus oleraceus, 67.
Eupodium Kaulfussii, 313.
Hupteris, 111.

F.

Filix non ramosa, ete., 25.

G.

Gleicheniaceze, 291.

Gleichenia acutifolia, 293.
bifida, 295.
dichotoma, 297.
flabellata, 293.
flagellaris, 294.

300

Gleichenia glauca, 292.
glaucescens, 296.
hecistophylla, 291.
Hermanni, 296, 297.
Klotzschii, 297.
Owhyhensis, 295.
pubescens, 296.
rupestris, 291.
semivestita, 292.

Gleichenia vestita, 295.
vulcanica, 291.

Goniophlebium albo-punctatum, 35.

angustifolium, 33.
aurisetum, 31.
Catharine, 34.
ensifolium, 33.
hirsutissimum, 33.
incanum, 32.
letum, 54.
neriifolium, 34.
serratifolium, 35.
Tweedianum, 32.
vacciniifolium, 31.
Groniopteris costata, 28.
glandulifera, 29.
longissima, 29.
pennigera, 28.
vivipara, 27.
Grammitis australis, 2.
elongata, 41.
involuta, 58.
nana, 1.
polypodioides, 25.
serrulata, 2.
tenella, 3.
totta, 25.
Gymnogramma calomelanos, 25.
Chilense, 22.
Javanicum, 23.
Lovet, 25.
myriophyllum, 23.
pilosum, 22.
tartareum, 24.
tomentosum, 21.
triangulare, 23.
trifoliatum, 24.
Gymnopteris, 73.

INDEX.

Gymuopteris spicata, 88.
Gymnosoree, 241.

H.

Haplopteris, 59.
Helminthostachys dulcis, 318.
Hemidictyon marginatum, 177.
Hemionitis dealbata, 24.
elongata, 66.
humilis, 21.
immersa, 64.
reticulata, 68.
tomentosa, 21.

Hemitelia, 288.

Humata botrychioides, 231.
Cumingii, 230.
ophioglossa, 227.
parallela, 229.
pectinata, 229.
polypodioides, 228.
serrata, 230.

Hydroglossum circinatum, 299.

polycarpum, 301.
scandens, 299.
volubile, 800.

Hydropterides, 540.

Hymenocystis, 190.

Hymenolepis ophioglossoides, 88.

Hymenophyllum abietinum, 270.

affine, 265,
asplenioides, 262.
caudiculatum, 271.
ciliatum, 263.
demissum, 272.
dilatatum, 268.
Feejeense, 266.
Filicula, 252.
flabellatum, 272.
flexuosum, 271.
formosum, 268.
fucoides, 268.
gracile, 270.
lanceolatum, 263,
minimum, 264.
Neesii, 266.
nitens, 272.

Hymenophyllum obtusum, 263.
polyanthos, 270.
recurvum, 269.
secundum, 266.
tortuosum, 267.

Tunbridgense, 264.

Wilsoni, 264.
Hypolepis coniifolia, 92.
dissecta, 89.
rugulosa, 90.
tenuifolia, 89.

I.

Isoloma lanuginosa, 215.

J.
Jenkinsia, 85.

L.

Lastrea emula, 200.
arguta, 196.
articulata, 191°
attenuata, 193.
davallioides, 202.
distans, 192.
elongata, 195.
falciculata, 193.
glabella, 199.
glabra, 200.
globulifera, 194.
latifrons, 196.
pallens, 197.
patens, 193.
rubiginosa, 201.
squamigera, 198.
tenuifolia, 199.
truncata, 195.
velutina, 198.

Lepicystis, 32.

Leptochilus, 88.

Leptogramma asplenioides, 26.

Lovei, 25.
polypodioides, 25.

INDEX.

Leptostegia, 120.

Lindsea duvallioides, 224.
Gardneri, 221.
lanuginosa, 216.
linearis, 220.
lunata, 220.
microphylla, 220.
nitens, 222.
nitidissima, 222.
oblongifolia, 221.
recurvata, 222.
rigida, 222.
tenuifolia, 227.

Lindsvea trapeziformis, 222.
trichomanoides, 221.

Litobrochia, 102.

Litobrochia comans, 105. -

decurrens, 106.
denticulata, 105.
divaricata, 108.
elegans, 108.
grandifolia, 105.
intermedia, 107.
macilenta, 106.
pedata, 108.
polita, 107.
sinuata, 110.
vespertilionis, 109.

Lomagramma polyphylla, 83.

pteroides, 83.

| Lomaria alpina, 123.

capensis, 127.

, Ly - wtp m = =

Chilensis, 126.
coriacea, 122.
discolor, 121, 127.
doodioides, 124.
jiliformis, T7.
Fraseri, 128.
Gilliesii, 126.

| lanceolata, 121.

| longifolia, 75.
Magellanica, 126.

| melanocaulon, 122.
| nuda, 125.

| onocleoides, 124.

| pilosa, 125.
polypodioides, 123.

Us
Or
paml

352

Lomaria procera, 127.
scandens, 77.
setigera, 126.
spicant, 1238.

spicata, 88.

variabilis, 76.
Lonchitis glabra major, 150.
polypodioides, 27.

Lopholepis, 31.
Lycopodiaceze, 319.

Lycopodium acerosum, 324.

acrostachyum, 325.
albidulum, 335.
apodum, 335.
Arbuscula, 338.
aristatum, 329.
atro-viride, 334.
Brasiliense, 335.
calostachyum, 835.
cataphractum, 336.
cernuum, 325.
ciliare, 835.
clavatum, 329.
clavatum, 328.
complanatum, 330.
cupressinum, 336.
curvatum, 825.
densum, 324.
denticulatum, 338.
depressum, 338.
dichotomum, 3238.
erubescens, 320.
Jiliforme, 824.
flagellaria, 325.
Haleakalea, 321.

heterophyllum, 330.

laterale, 324.
laxum, 825.
linifolium, 322.
lucidulum, 322.

Magellanicum, 329.

Mandiocanum, 3238.
marginatum, 337.
Menziesii, 333.
mirabile, 326.
myosuroides, 338.

nummularifolium, 328.

IN DEX.

Lycopodium nutans, 327.

pachystachyon, 326.
patulum, 835.
Phlegmaria, 326.
phyllanthum, 326.
piliferum, 328.
pinifolium, 328.
plusumom, 837.
polytrichoides, 328.
Pouzolzianum, 333.
reflexum, 321.
rigidum, 321.
rotundifolium, 328.
rupestre, 331.
selago, 322.
squarrosum, 823.
stoloniferum, 387.
-sulcatum, 887.
sulcinervium, 322.
thyoides, 330.
uliginosum, 832.
varium, 326.
venustulum, 329.
verticillatum, 324.
volubile, 331.

Lygodictyon Schkuhrii, 301.

Forsterti, 301.

Lygodium articulatum, 300.

circinatum, 299.
hirtum, 300.

_ lucens, 309.

microphyllum, 299.
pubescens, 800.
reticulatum, 301.
tenue, 300.
volubile, 300.

M.

Marattiacese, 310.
Marattia alata, 311.

alata, 318.
cicutefolia, 312.
fraxinea, 312.
sorbifolia, 312.

Marginaria, 3, 31.
Marsilea natans, 341.

Marsilea polycarpa, 341.
quadrifolia, 340.
vestita, 340.
villosa, 840.
Matonia pectinata, 178.
Meniscium reticulatum, 27.
sorbifolium, 27.
Mertensia acutifolia, 293.
bifida, 295.
Brasiliana, 296.
dichotoma, 297.
emarginata, 297.
emaryinata, 296.
flabellata, 293.
flagellaris, 294.
glabra, 292.
glauca, 292.
glaucescens, 296.
Hawaiensis, 295,
Klotzschii, 297.
pubescens, 296.
subflabellata, 294.
vestita, 295.
Microlepia gracilis, 235.
hirta, 239.
inzequalis, 235.
papillosa, 237.

polypodioides, 238.

tenuis, 236.
trichosticha, 239.
Microsorum, 42.
Mobhria thurifraga, 307.
Monochlena sinuosa, 209.

Myriotheca, 311.

N.

Neottopteris Nidus, 175.
Phyllitidis, 176.

Nephrodium api/folium, 182.
cyatheoides, 189.

Dubrueilianum, 189.

elongatum, 195.
exaltatum, 211.

Gaimardianum, 229.

glabellum, 199.
hirsutulum, 211.

INDEX.

353

Nephrodium Hudsonianum, 188.

Nephrolepis

molle, 186.
pendulum, 211.
propinquum, 185.
pubescens, 186.
resiniferum, 185.
splendens, 212.
squamigerum, 198.
transversarium, 187.
unitum, 189.
biserrata, 213.
exaltata, 211.
hirsutula, 211.
obtusifolia, 210.
pendula, 211.
repens, 209.
splendens, 212.

Neuronia, 213.

Niphobolus

Nothoclena

Odontoloma

adnascens, 38,
bicolor, 37.
carnosus, 36.
glaber, 38.
rupestris, 36,
varius, 38.
glabra, 21.
hirsuta, 20.
pilosa, 20.
sinuata, 19.
tenera, 20.

O.

Boryanum, 225.

Macreeanum, 226.
pulchellum, 225.
tenuifolium, 227.

Oleandra hirta, 214.
neriiformis, 213.

Olfersia «em

ula, 71.

Blumeana, 73.
Corcovadensis, 81.

gorgonea, TA.
Lingua, 74.

vise

osa, 71.

Onychium densum, 120.
Ophioglossez, 314.
Ophioglossum concinnum, 315.

89

304

Ophioglossum ellipticum, 314.
elongatum, 315.
pendulum, 316.

reticulatum, 315.

scandens, 300.
vulgatum, 314.
Ornithopteris, 117.
Osmundacee, 308.
Osmunda spectabilis, 308.

RP.

Patania, 273.
Phegopteris, 18.
Phlebodium angustatum, 41.
aureum, 41.
elongatum, 41.
percussum, 40.
Photinopteris Horsfieldii, 88.
Phyllitis ramosa trifida, 24.
Phymatodes, 42.
Pinonia splendens, 279.
Platycerium alcicorne, 84.
biforme, 84.
Platyloma andromedeefolia, 94.
Brownii, 93.
rotundifolia, 93.
ternifolia, 94.
Pleopeltis, 40.
Pleopeltis elongata, 43.
percussa, 40.
Plocnemia Leuceana, 184.
Pecilopteris fraxinifolia, 87.
Polybotrya exaltata, 78.
marattioides, 79.
osmundacea, 80.
Wilkesiana, 80.
Polypodiaceze, 1.
Polypodiex, 1.
Polypodium aculeatum, 284.
Adenophorus, 8.
adnascens, 38.

albo-punctatum, 35.

alternifolium, 54.
angustifolium, 33.

atro-punctatum, 43.

attenuatum, 57.

INDEX.

Polypodium aureum, 41.

aurisetum, 31.
axillare, 285.
Billardieri, 51.
Catharine, 34.
caudatum, 14.
conforme, 4.
contiguum, 241.
contiguum, 6.
Corcovadense, 290.
cortaceum, 45.
crassifolium, 43.
crinale, 15.
cultratum, 12.
decorum, 7.
decurrens, 39.
Dipteris, 46.
divergens, 18.
diversifolium, 51, 55.
ensifolium, 33.
formosum, 14.
glaucum, 34.
grossum, 53.
Haalilioanum, 5.
hirsutissimum, 388.
Hookeri, 4.
hymenophylloides, 13.
incanum, 32.
intermedium, 9.
Keraudrenianum, 16.
lapathifolium, 39.
leetum, 34.
latifolium, 50.
Leuceanum, 184.
lunulatum, 286.
majus aureum, 41.
minimum, 5.
nemorale, 16.
neriifolium, 34.
nitidum, 39.
pallidum, 18.
palmatum, 50.
paradisese, 11.
pellucidum, 10.
pendulum, 8.
percussum, 40.
phymatodes, 51, 53.

Polypodium pleopeltifolium, 41.
Plumula, 11.
polycarpon, 44.
procerum, 14.
pseudo-grammitis, 3.
pustulatum, 52.
quercifolium, 55.
reclinatum, 11.
repens, 39.
rugulosum, 17.
rupestre, 36.
Sandwicense, 17.
sarmentosum, 8.
Scouleri, 9.
sepultum, 33.
setiyerum, 4.
Spectrum, 46.
stellatum, 37.
subspathulatum, 3.
tamariscinum, 12.
Teenitis, 290.
tenellum, 12.
Thouinianum, 46.
trilobum, 80.
tripinnatifidum, 13.
Tweedianum, 32.
unidentatum, 17.
vaccinitfolium, 31.
vestitum, 13.
vulgare, 9.

Polystichum aculeatum, 205.
emulum, 200.
coriaceum, 206.
discolor, 207.
Dubrueilianum, 189.
falciculatum, 198.
Haleakalense, 204.
hispidum, 208.
Lonchitis, 203.
mobrioides, 203.
molle, 186.
munitum, 203.
platyphyllum, 206.
propinguum, 185.
venustum, 205.
vestitum, 205.

Prosaptia contigua, 241.

INDEX. 355

Prosaptia Emersoni, 240.
Psilotum complanatum, 319.
triquetrum, 319.

Psygmium elegans, 56.

Pteridezxe, 89.

Pteris adiantoides, 96.
affinis, 116.
alata, 116.
andromedeefolia, 94.
aquilina, 119.
arachnoidea, 118.
arguta, 116.
Blumeana, 115.
comans, 105.
chrysocarpu, 116.
crenata, 114.
cretica, 113.
decomposita, 119.
decurrens, 106.
denticulata, 105.
elegans, 108.
esculenta, 117.
excelsa, 115.
geraniifolia, 111.
grandifolia, 105.
hirsuta, 20.
intermedia, 107.
irregularis, 116.
laciniata, 111.
lanuginosa, 119.
longifolia, 112.
macilenta, 106.

nemoralis, 114.

normalis, 115.

palmata, 105.

pedata, 103.

pellucida, 113.

Pohliana, 111.

polita, 107.

rotundifolia, 938.

sagiltifolia, 102.

seaberula, 117.

scabra, 115.

semihastata, 119.

serrata, 105.

stenophylla, 1138.

stipularis, 112.

356

Pteris subverticillata, 94.
sulphurea, 111.
tenuifolia, 112.
terminalis, 115.
ternifolia, 94.
thalictroides, 67.
tremula, 116.
umbrosa, 113.
varians, 102.
vespertilionis, 109.

R.

Rhipidopteris, 78.
Ruta-Muraria, ete., 163.
Rumohra aspidioides, 207.

S.

Saccoloma Boryana, 225.

Sadleria cyatheoides, 133.
pallida, 138.

Sagenia apiifolia, 182.
Hippocrepis, 181.
varia, 183.

Salpichleena volubile, 136.

Salvinia Azolla, 342.
biloba, 341.
rotundifolia, 341.

Schizzeaceze, 299.

Schizeea australis, 302.
bifida, 303.
cristata, 304.
dichotoma, 303.
digitata, 304.
palmata, 802.
pectinata, 301.
propinqua, 302.
trilateralis, 304.

Schizoloma Agatii, 216.

Selaginella apus, 334.

Arbuscula, 332.
atro-viridis, 334.

ciliaris, 335.

cupressina, 336.

deflexa, 3382.

denticulata, 338.

INDEX.

Selaginella Menziesii, 333.
myosuroides, 338.
nana, 336.
Pouzolziana, 333.
rupestris, 331.
suavis, 528.
sulcata, 337.
uliginosa, 331.
Selliguea aliena, 58.
involuta, 58.
plantaginea, 58.
Sitolobium adiantoides, 273.
dubium, 273.
rubiginosum, 275.
Samoense, 274.
scandens, 275.
stramineum, 273.
tenerum, 275.
Stegania alpina, 128.
lanceolata, 121.
procera, 127.
Stegnogramma Sandwicense, 26.
Stenochleena Feejeensis, 78.
heteromorpha, 77.
oleandreefolia, 75.
longifolia, 75.
scandens, 77.
variabilis, 76.
Synammia triloba, 30, 40.
Synaphlebium davallioides, 224.
Pickeringii, 223.
pulchrum, 223.

recurvatum, 222.

T.

Tzeniopsis graminifolia, 60.
Richiana, 60.

Teentopteris, 59.

Tzenitis blechnoides, 59.

Tectaria, 202.

Tegularia, 208.

Thamnopteris, 175.

Thelypteris, 191.

Tmesipteris Forsteri, 319.

Tannensis, 319.
Todea Africana, 308.

INDEX.

Todea hymenophylloides, 308. Trichomanes radicans, 254, 255.
pellucida, 308. ; reniforme, 249.
Wilkesiana, 309. rigidum, 260.

Trichomanes achilleewfolium, 260. Smithii, 257.

alatum, 261. tenue, 251.
album, 254. Trichopteris excelsa, 290.
anceps, 258.

brachypus, 255. v.
caudatum, 256.

Draytonianum, 252. Vittaria elongata, 62.
elongatum, 261. ensiformis, 60.
erectum, 250. graminifolia, 60.
exaltatum, 259. intermedia, 61.
Filicula, 252. plantaginea, 62.
foeniculaceum, 256. rigida, 61.

humile, 252.
Javanicum, 261.

longisetum, 260. wv
Mandiocanum, 260. Woodsia Ilvensis, 190.
meifolium, 256, 259. incisa, 190.
melanorhizon, 253, Woodwardia Chamissoi, 138.
muscoides, 249. radicans, 138.
Neesti, 266.

parvulum, 250. x
polyanthos, 258. | '
pyxidiferum, 251. | Aiphopteris serrulata, 2.

THE END.

90

Wo

Jaly 42.5862

ii

3 9088