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UNITED STATES

EXPLORING EXPEDITION,

BY AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS,

af

UNITED STATES

EXPLORING EXPEDITION.

1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842.
CHARLES WILKES, U.S.N.
VOL, XVII.

BOTAN Y.
CRYPTOGAMIA.

MUSCI—By WILLIAM 8. SULLIVANT.

ALGE—By J. W. BAILEY anp W. H. HARVEY.
LICHENES—By EDWARD TUCKERMAN. |

FUNGI—By M. A. CURTIS anp M. J. BERKELEY.

PHANEROGAMIA

OF PACIFIC NORTH AMERICA,

By JOHN TORREY.

EDITED BY ASA GRAY.

PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED BY SHERMAN & CoO.
1874.

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Susorv. I. SPHAGNACEZ.
1 SPHAGNUM, Linn.

1. SPHAGNUM CYMBIFOLIUM, Ehr.

Sphagnum cymbifolium, Ehrh. Han. Magaz. 1780, p. 235; Schimp. Hist. Nat.
Sphaig. p. 73, t. 19.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Sandwich Islands. New Zealand.

2. SPHAGNUM CUSPIDATUM, Ehr.

Sphagnum cuspidatum, Ehr. Decad. Crypt. n. 251; Schimp. Hist. Nat. Sphaig,
p- 66, t. 16.

Var. RECURVUM: foliis brevioribus oblongo-lanceolatis siccis recurvis.

Has. Orange Harbor. Var. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

3. SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM, Wiis.

Sphagnum jfimbriatum, Wils. in Crypt. Antarct. p. 92; Schimp. Hist. Nat. Sphaig.
p. 64, t. 15.

2

6 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Suzorpv. LI. ANDRA ACE.
1 ANDRA, Ebr.

1. ANDRZA ALPINA, Linn.

Andrea alpina, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, p. 1601; Bryol. Europ. 6, Andr. Monogr.,
p. 18, t. 6.

Has. Andes of Peru. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

2. ANDRHA ACUTIFOLIA, Hook. fil. & Wils.
Andrea acutifolia, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Crypt. Antarct. p. 6, t. 151, f. 2.

Has. Andes of Peru.

3. ANDRHA PETROPHILA, Hhrh.

Andrea petrophila, Khrh. Beitr. 1, p. 192; Bryol. Europ. 6, Andr. Monogr. p. 18,
t. 1.

Has. Andes of Peru.

Suzorp. ITT. BRY ACE.
Div.l. ACROCARPI.

Tribe 1. POTTIEZ.

lsPOTTIA, Zhr.
1. Portta Heimu, Hedw.

Pottia Heimii, Hedw. Stirp. Crypt. 1, p. 88, t. 80; Bryol. Europ. 2, Pott. Monogr.
p. 12, t. 7.

_ Has. Snow line behind St. Jago, Chili. Specimens larger than the
European.

MUSCI. 7

Tribe 2. ANCGICTANGIEZ.
1 AN@CTANGIUM, Schwegr.
1, Anacrancium Preruvianum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)

A, dioicum ; parce radiculosum ; ramis paucis elongatis subclavatis ;
Solis rigidis e basi ovali lineali-lanceolatis obtusiusculis valido-costatis ;
capsula ovali late annulata, pedicello sicco quadrangulari ; antheridiis
copiose paraphysatis.

Has. High Andes of Peru.

Grows in compact but easily separable tufts of a dusky yellow.
Stems erect, with few radicles, one and a half inches high, sparingly
divided: branches few, elongated, slightly clavate. Leaves rigid,
crowded, from an erect oblong-ovate clasping base, linear-lanceolate,
spreading, canaliculate, of a firm thick texture composed of minute
subquadrate cellules: costa heavy, extending to the rather obtuse
point. Capsule oval, wide-mouthed after the fall of the acicular-
rostrate operculum: annulus broad, compound, persistent: pedicel
tender; when dry, quadrangular in section. Dioicous: the male plant
intermixed with the fertile: male buds in fascicles on short branches:
paraphyses numerous, linear, as long as the antheridia.

Approaches .A compactum, but is a more robust plant with stems
less branched and far less radiculose. It has leaves of a different
shape and texture, a broad annulus, a quadrangular pedicel, and
numerous paraphyses in the male bud.

PuaTE 1, A.—ANnactaneium PreruvIANuM: one male and three fer-
tile plants, of the natural size. Fig. 1. A plant. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Stem
leaves. 7. Portion of base of leaf showing the reticulation. 8.
Upper portion of leaf showing the same. 9, 10. Cross sections of
leaf. 11. Perichetium, pedicel, and capsule. 12, 13. Perichetial
leaves. 14. Cross section of point of a perichetial leaf. 15, 16.
Capsules. 17. Operculum. 18. Portion of mouth of capsule. 19.
Top of male plant. 20. Male bud. 21, 22, 23, 24. Perigonial leaves.
25. Antheridium with a paraphysis.—The details magnified.

CRYPTOGAMIA.

Tribe 3. DICRANEA.

1; DICRANUM, Hedw.
1. DickANUM DENSUM, Hook.

Dicranum densum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 140.

Has. Andes of Peru. Specimens without fruit.

2. DICRANUM TENUIFOLIUM, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Dicranum tenuifolium, Hook. fil. & Wils. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1844, p. 542; Flo.
Antare. t. 152, f. 7.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

3. DICRANUM ACIPHYLLUM, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Dicranum aciphyllum, Hook. fil. & Wils. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1844, p. 541; Flo.
Antarct. t. 152, f. 8. .

Has. Cape Horn, Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

4, DicraANUM concEstum, Brid.

Dicranum congestum, Brid. Sp. Muse. 1, p. 176; Bryol. Kurop. 1, Dicran. Monogr.
p. 86, t. 29.

Has. Spipen River, Oregon.

5. DickaANuM ImponENns, Mont.
Dicranum imponens, Mont. Voy. Astrol. and Zel. Crypt. p. 298.
Dicranum involutifolium, Sulliv. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 816.

Haz. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

MUSOL. 8)

6. DicRANUM scopARIUM, Hedw.

Dicranum scoparium, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 126; Bryol. Europ. 1, Dicran. Monog.
p. 34, t. 26 and 27.

Has. Oregon.

7. Dickanum SANDWIcENSE, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)

D. procerum flagelliferum ; foliis late lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis
apice serratis, costa tenui percursis, areolatione sinwoso-lineari, peri-
chetialibus permagnis ; capsula cylindracea suberecta levi aciculari-
operculata.

Var. 8. CONDENSATUM: caulibus abbreviatis robustis, foliis confertis.
Var. 7. ELONGATUM: caulibus elongatis, foliis dissitis patentissimis.

Has. Sandwich Islands, Kaala Mountains, Oahu; var. 2, Mauna
Kea, Hawaii; var. 7, banks of the crater, East Maui.

One of the largest species of the genus. Stems stout, 5-6 inches
high (in var. g, 1-2 inches; in var. 7, 10-12 inches), sparingly
divided, producing from their apices slender upright flagelle as in D.
Jlagellare. Leaves spreading on all sides from a semi-amplexicaul
oblong base, broad linear-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, more or less
canaliculate, strongly serrate above, with a slender percurrent costa
which is dentate on its back near the apex; areolation of sinuous-
linear cellules: perichzetial leaves very large and conspicuous, convo-
lute, their points short and serrate, costa variable. Capsule cylin-
drical, nearly erect or erecto-cernuous, smooth when dry and empty:
operculum with a long erect subulate rostrum. Male buds found only
among the tomentose radicles of the fertile stems.

A very distinct species. May possibly be Montagne’s D. strepto-
phyllum, so named from the leaves being “ spiraliter pluries tortis,” a
character which our specimens do not exhibit.

3

10 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Puate 1, B—Dicranum SANDWICENSE: two plants of the natural size.
Fig. 1,2. Stem leaves. 8. Upper portion of same. 4. Costa of same,
with teeth. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Cross sections of leaf. 10. Portion of base
of leaf, showing the reticulation. 11. Cellules of the same. 12.
Upper portion of leaf, showing the reticulation. 13. Cellules of the
same. 14. Perichetium. 16. Upper perichetial leaf. 16. Lower
perichetial leaf. 17, 18,19. Capsules without operculum. 20, 21.
Capsules with operculum. 22. T'wo teeth of the peristome. 23.
Calyptra. 24. Male bud. 25. Antheridium and paraphysis——The
details enlarged.

8. DicraAnuM masus, Schweegr.

Dicranum majus, Schwegr. Suppl. 1, 1, p. 163, t.40; Bryol. Europ. 1, Dicran.
Monogr. p. 43, t. 37.

Has. Port Discovery, Oregon.

9. DicrANuM roBustUM, Hook. fil. & Wils
Dicranum robustum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. Antarct. p. 406, t. 152, f. 8.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia; also New Zealand.

10. DicRANUM MENzIESI, Jay.

Dicranum Menziesii, Tayl. in Phytol. 2, p. 1094; Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. Antarct.
p- 128, t. 58, f. 4.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

2 CAMPYLOPUGS, Bria.
1. CampyLorus FLExvosus, Br. & Sch.
Campylopus flecuosus, Bryol. Europ. 1, Camp. Monogr. p. 8, t. 1.

Var. foltis apice caulis valde congestis, cellulis alaribus densioribus bur-
news in disculum extus protuberantem collectis ; capsulis numerosior ibus,
operculo longiore : (forsan species propria.)

MUSCIL. 11

Has. Sandwich Islands, base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii: the var.
Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu.
2. CAMPYLOPUS EXASPERATUS, Nees.

Trichostomum exasperatum, Nees. in Act. Acad. Nat. Leop. 11, 2, p. 184, t. 15.

Campylopus exasperatus, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p. 473.

Has. Mountains of Hawaii and Kaui, Sandwich Islands.

3. CaAmpyLopus Dozyanus, C. Mill.

Dicranum Dozyanum, C. Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 1, p. 885.

Has. Tahiti and Eimeo, Society Islands.

4, CAMPYLOPUS XANTHOPHYLLUS, Mont.

Campylopus xanthophyllus, Mont. in Ann. Se. Nat. 1845; Fl. Chil. 7, p. 176, t. 4,
£2:

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

5. CAMPYLOPUS CLAVATUS, R. Br.
Dicranum clavatum, R. Br. in Schweegr. Suppl. 3, 2, t. 255.

Has. Sydney, New South Wales.

6. CAMPYLOPUS LAMELLATUS, Mont.

Campylopus lamellatus, Mont. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1838, p. 52; Flo. Boliv. p. 90.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil. Kaala Mountains, Sandwich
Islands. Specimens barren.

12 CRYPTOGAMIA.

3. CERATODON, Bria.

1. CERATODON PURPUREUS, Hedw.

Ceratodon purpureus, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p. 480; Bryol. Europ. 2, Cerat. Monogr.
p. 5, t. 1 and 2.
Dicranum purpureum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 186, t. 36.

Has. Sandwich Islands. Feejee Islands.

4, DICNEMON, Schwagr.
1. Dicnrmon cALycinus, Hook.

Leucodon calycinus, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 17.
Dicnemon calycinus, Schweegr. Suppl. 2, 1, p. 126.

Has. New Zealand.

2. DicNeMoN ruUGOsUS, Hook.

Leucodon rugosus, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 20.
Dicnemon rugosus, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 72, t. 74.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

3. DICNEMON PALLIDUS, Hook.

Leucodon pallidus, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 72.

Sclerodontium pallidum, Schweegr. Suppl. 2, 1, p. 124, t. 184.
Dicranum Sieberianum, Hornsch. in Schweegr. Suppl. t. 252.
Neckera pallida, C. Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 113.

Has, Sydney, New South Wales. Specimens without fruit.

MUSCI. 13

Tribe 4. LHEUCOBRYEZ.

I LEUCOBRYUM, Hampe.

1. Leucopryum canpipum, Schwegr.

Dicranum Candidum, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 119, t. 187.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

2 OCTOBLEPHARUM, Hedw.
1. OcToBLEPHARUM ALBIDUM, Hedvw.
Octoblepharum albidum, Hedw. Muse. Frond. 8, p. 15, t. 6.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti; also Sandwich Islands.

Tribe 5. FISSIDENTEZ.
1. FISSIDENS, Hedw.

1. FIssIDENS GEMINIFLORUS, Doz. & Molkb. ?

Fissidens geminiflorus, Doz. & Molkb. Bryol. Javan. p. 10, t. 9.?

Has. Feejee Islands. Specimens very imperfect.

Tribe 6. TRICHOSTOMEZ.
lTRICHOSTOMUM, Redw.
1. Tricnostomum Anpinum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2.)
T. dioicum, subsimplex ; foliis siccis appresso-crispatis, humectatis e basi

oblonga amplexante subito patentissimis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis
4

14 CRYPTOGAMIA.

canaliculatis usque ad apicem incurvam tereti-costatis ; capsula ovali
macrostoma late annulata, collo tumido.

Has. Andes of Peru, at an elevation of 15,000 feet. A few stems
only found growing among tufts of a Campylopus.

Stems about 1 inch high, mostly simple. Leaves from an erect,
oblong, amplexicaul base, suddenly wide-spreading, linear-acuminate,
carinate-canaliculate, incurved at the apex; margins plain entire;
costa terete heavy, extending to the point; areolation minute dense
roundish in the upper portion of the leaf. Capsule erect oval, with a
conspicuous collum, rather wide-mouthed; annulus large revolute ;
operculum erect long-rostrate: teeth of the peristome much as in 7.
crispulum, which the species resembles, but the differently shaped
leaves, the distinct collum of the capsule, and presence of an annulus,
sufficiently separate it.

Piate 2, 4.—Tricnostomum ANDINUM: one male and two fertile
plants, of the natural size. Fig. 1. A plant. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Stem
leaves. 8, 9, 10. Cross sections of same. 11. Portion of base of leaf
showing the reticulation. 12. Point of leaf showing the same. 13.
Cellules of same. 14,15. Capsules with opercula. 16. Peristome.
17. Teeth of peristome with portion of annulus. 18. Two antheri-
dia, with a paraphysis.—All the analyses magnified.

2 STREPTOPOGON, Wils.

1, STREPTOPOGON ERYTHRODONTUS, Tay.

Barbula erythrodonta, Tayl. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1846, p. 50; Wils. 1. c. p. 450, t.
15, f. F.
Streptopogon erythrodontus, Wils. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1851, p. 57.

Has. East Maui, north bank of the crater Haleakala, Sandwich
Islands.

3 BARBULA, Hedw.

1. BARBULA C&SPITOSA, Schweegr.

Barbula cespitosa, Schweegr. Suppl. 1, 1, p. 120, t. 31.

MUSCI. 15

Has. Organ Mountains, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

2. BARBULA DEPRESSA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2.)

B. lasxe ecespitosa ; foliis lanceolato-spathulatis costa excurrente subulato-
cuspidatis superne minute guttulato-areolatis margine plus minus re-
curvis humectatis subtortis; capsula cylindracea anguste annulata,
peristomio depresso subturbinato.

Has. Near Valparaiso, Chili.

A rather stout species forming loose tufts of a brownish-green color.
Stems 12-2 inches high, usually with but one innovation from below
the perichetium ; radicles few. Leaves crisped when dry, and some-
what contorted when wet, lanceolate-subspathulate, repand at the
obtuse apex, long cuspidate by the smooth excurrent costa; margins
more or less recurved; areolation diaphanous, loose and oblong at the
base, minute guttulate above: perichetial leaves elongated, undulate
on the margins. Capsule cylindrical, long, erect, with a narrow an-
nulus ; peristome turbinate, the teeth with a narrow basilar membrane,
long, much twisted, the spiral forming almost a right angle with the
columella; pedicels slender, flexuous. Calyptra, operculum, and
male flowers not seen.

PLATE 2, B.—BARBULA DEPRESSA: two fertile plants of the natural
size. Fig.l. A plant. 2, 3,4, 5,6. Stem leaves. 7, 8, 9. Cross
sections of leaf. 10. Portion of the base of a leaf, showing the reti-
culation. 11. Point of leaf, showing the same. 12, 13. Capsules.
14. Peristome. 15. Portion of peristome. 16. Portion of a tooth of
peristome.—Analyses enlarged.

Tribe 7. DISTICHIEZ.
1. DISTICHIUM, Br. & Sch.

1. Disticuium cAPILLACEUM, Br. & Sch.

Distichium capillaceum, var. brevifolium, Bryol. Europ. 2, Distich. Monogr. p. 4, t. 1.

Has. Casa Cancha, Andes of Peru.

16° CRYPTOGAMIA.

Tribe 8. ENCALYPTEZ.
1 ENCALYPTA, Schreb.

1. Encatypta citiata, Hedw.

Encalypta ciliata, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 61; Bryol. Europ. 3, Encalyp. Monogr. p. 10,
t. 3.

Has. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

2. ENCALYPTA SANDWICENSIS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 3.)

E. monowa ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis et elongato-spathulatis convolutis
papulosis evanido-costatis ; capsula gymnostoma cylindracea sicca 8-10
sulcata; calyptra tota superficie papillosa ; flore masculo monophyllo.

Has. Sides of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; banks of the crater Haleakala
Kast Maui; Sandwich Islands. |

Densely cxspitose. Stems about 1 inch high, sparingly branched,
radiculose. Leaves soft, oblong-lanceolate, and elongate-spathulate,
convolute, margins crenulate by the protuberant cellules, which in the
upper part of the leaf are hexagonal-rotund, rather large and papillu-
lose; costa vanishing considerably below the apex. Capsule cylindri-
cal, when dry contracted at the mouth and showing 8-10 straight
longitudinal furrows, slightly apophysate. Peristome absent. Calyp-
tra papillose on its whole exterior surface, more strongly so above.
Male flower usually with only one perigonial leaf.

The absence of a peristome, the ribbed capsule, and the papillose
calyptra, are the distinctive marks of this species.

Puate 3, B.—ENcALypta SANDWICENSIS: plants, of the natural size.
Fig.1. A plant. 2,3,4. Leaves. 5,6, 7. Cross sections of the same.
8. Cellules of leaf, seen in cross section. 9. Portion of the base of a
leaf, showing the reticulation. 10. Point of leaf, showing the same.
11. Young fruit and male bud. 12. Vaginula, surmounted by the

MUSCIL. . 17

ochrea, with archegonia and paraphyses at its base. 13. Calyptra
inclosing the capsule. 14, 15, 16. Capsules. 17. Mouth of capsule.
18. Cross section of capsule. 19. Calyptra.—Details magnified.

2 CALYMPERES, Swartz.

1. CALYMPERES constricta, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 3.)

C. ramosa ; folts spiraliter tristichis, e basi erecta amplexicauli patenti-
bus lanceolatis convolutis late pellucido-limbatis sub apice valde con-
strictis, costa solida ad constrictionem perdurante ibique expansa cor-
pusculisque confervoideis obsessa.

Has. Sandwich Islands.

Stems branched, 14-2 inches high. Leaves closely imbricating,
arranged in three slack spiral rows, from a narrow erect sheathing
base, spreading broad-lanceolate, subcylindrical-concave, suddenly
constricted below the apex, the portion above the constriction being of
a cup-like form and filled with numerous protruding fusiform attenu-
ated 8-10 septate bodies, growing from the expanded apex of the
heavy percurrent costa: the leaves finely and distantly denticulate,
surrounded by a broad pellucid border, 5-10 minute linear cellules
deep; cellules of the sheathing base hyaline, large, oblong, those of
the lamina minute, rotund, opaque, green, and granular. Flowers and
fruit not seen.

The shape of the leaf, the constriction below its apex, and the form
of the bodies growing on the end of the costa, appear to distinguish
this species from any heretofore described.

PuatE 3, A.—CALYMPERES CONSTRICTA: a plant of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of the stem with leaves. 2, 3, 4, 5. Leaves. 6, 7, 8.
Points of leaves with confervoid filament. 9,10. Confervoid filaments.
11, 12, 13. Cross sections of leaf. 14. Portion of lower part of leaf,
showing the reticulation. 15. Point of leaf, showing the same. 16.
Cellules of the leafi—Details enlarged.

5

18 CRYPTOGAMIA.

In the collection are a few barren stems of two other species of
Calymperes ; one collected on Carlshoff Island, Paumotu Group, is
probably C. Motleri, Mitten in Bryol. Javan. p. 48, t. 38; the other
from Tongatabu, and also from Carlshoff Island, accords well with C,
Molluccensis, Schweegr. Suppl. t. 127.

8 SYRRHOPODON, Schwegr.

1. SyRRHOPODON FASCICULATUS, Hook. & Grev.

Syrrhopodon fasciculatus, Hook. & Grey. in Edin. Jour. Sc. 3, p. 225; Schweer.
Suppl. 3, 2, t. 299.

Has. Feejee Islands. Without fruit.

2, SyRRHOPODON TarrENnsis, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 4.)

S. procerum ramosum ; ramis elongatis flecuosis ; foliis e basi erecta
amplexante incurvo-patentissimis linearibus longissimis canaliculatis
subtortilibus inerassato-limbatis superne serratis apice abrupte brevi-
angustatis costa valida apice expansa et excavata percursis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

A large species, growing in loose olive-green tufts. Stems divided
near the base, ascending flexuous, 23-4 inches high; branches and
leaves when dry subcircinnate. Leaves linear, narrow, 4—5 lines long,
spreading, moderately incurved, from a short erect amplexicaul base,
canaliculate, slightly twisted, serrate above, abruptly narrowed near
the apex, surrounded by an opaque costa-like border, which in the
sheathing part of the leaf is intramarginal; costa terete, percurrent,
its apex discolored, expanded, and excavated, the seat probably of
confervoid filaments, which, in our specimens, have fallen away. The
sheathing part of the leaf is composed of large oblong pellucid cellules ;
the rest of the leaf is firm and opaque, consisting of minute, greenish,
granular subquadrate cellules closely arranged in lines.

MUSOL. 19

The species is no doubt dioicous. Since the engraving was made,
we have found in the collection a stem abounding in male buds, situ-
ated in the axils of the leaves, small for the size of the plant, ellip-
soidal and stipitate; leaves 7-10 ovate, lanceolate, costate ; antheridia
5-7; paraphyses numerous, linear, 10-14 septate, longer than the
antheridia.

Puate 4, A.—Syrruoropon Tairensis: plants in a moist and in
dry state, of the natural size. Fig. 1. Portions of stem and leaves.
2, 3,4. Leaves. 5,6. Points of leaves. 7, 8. Portions of leaves,
showing the reticulation. 9, 10,11. Cross sections of leaf. 12. Cross
section of the sheathing base of the leaf.—Details enlarged.

3. SYRRHOPODON TRISTICHUS, Nees.

Syrrhopodon tristichus, Nees, in Schwegr. Suppl. 4, 1, t. 311; Bryol. Javan. p. 55,
t. 44.

Has. Feejee Islands.

Tribe 9. ZYGODONTEA.

1. ZYGODON, Hook. & Tayl.

1. Zygopon Preruvianus, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 4.)

Z. dioicous ; elatus fastigiato-ramosus ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acumina-
tis squarrosis carinatis subeomplicatis, marginibus leniter recurvis sub-
undulatis, costa subapice evanida ; capsula ovali-obovata arcuata lon-
gicolla sicca costata brevi-pedicellata, peristomio simplici 8-dentato,
operculo longirostrato.

Has. Casa Cancha, Andes of Peru; at an elevation of 15,000 feet.

Grows in large, spongy rust-colored tufts. Stems 3-4 inches high,
fastigiately branched, beset with short radicles to near their apex.
Leaves decurrent at their base, arcuately recurved, oblong-lanceolate
acuminate carinate, the lamina on each side of the costa complicate to
half their width, thence to the margins gradually recurved, subundu-

20 CRYPTOGAMIA.

late; costa usually vanishing below the point ; areolation composed of
minute subquadrate papillose cellules, those in the lower part of the
leaf larger, oblong. Capsule oval-obovate, with a long collum tapering
into the pedicel, horizontal-arcuate, subgibbous, striate, longitudinally
ribbed when dry: peristome single, very fugacious ; consisting of 8
thin hyaline triangular lanceolate distant teeth 5-7-articulated, with
a median zigzag line, horizontal and reaching nearly halfway across
the mouth. Operculum long-rostrate from a conic base: pedicel short
(6-8 lines high) for the height of the plant, barely overtopping the
innovations. Dioicous: the male plants intermixed with the fertile;
the flowers terminal, gemmiform; perigonial leaves broad ovate, very
concave, closely embracing the numerous antheridia and long filiform
paraphyses.

There are on record several Zygodontes from the Andes of South
America apparently closely allied to the present species, but no. one of
them combines the tall stems, the long taper-pointed squarrose leaves,
the subpyriform arcuate capsule with a long attenuated collum, the
short, rather stout pedicel, and the single 8-dentate peristome of Z.
Peruvianus.

Prats 4, B.—Zycopon PERvvIANUS: one male and three fertile plants,
of the natural size. Fig. 1,2. Female and male plants. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
Leaves. 9,10, 11. Cross sections of same. 12, 13. Portions of leaf,
showing the reticulation. 14. Cellules. 15. Same, seen in cross sec-
tion. 16, 17, 18. Capsules, with opercula. 19. Capsule, without
operculum. 20. Peristome, with portion of capsule. 21. Teeth of
the peristome. 22, 23. Perigonial leaves. 24. Antheridia, paraphy-
ses, and perigonial leaf. 25. Vaginula, with archegonia and para-
physes.—Details magnified.

Tribe 10. ORTHOTRICHEZ.

1 ORTHOTRICHUM, Hedw.

1. OrTHOTRICHUM LEIOCARPUM, Br. & Sch.

Orthotrichum leiocarpum, Bryol. Europ. 3, Orthot. Monogr. p. 28, t. 15.

MUSCI. 21

Has. Sandwich Islands. Capsule not so obovate, nor the cilia of
the peristome so erose-denticulate as in the North American form.

2. OrtHoTRICHUM LyELi, Hook.
Orthotrichum Lyellii, Hook.; Bryol. Europ. 3, Orthot. Monogr. p. 27, t. 16.
Has. Near San Francisco, California. Our specimens belong to the

var. foliis longioribus siccitate magis crispatis (Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p.
728), founded on specimens collected by Menzies at Nootka Sound.

3. OrtHOTRICHUM StuRrMU, Hoppe & Hornsch.

Orthotrichum Sturméi, Hpp. & Hsch. in Reg. Bot. Zeit. 1819, p. 89; Bryol. Europ.
3, Orthot. Monog. p. 9, t. 2.

Has. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

4. ORTHOTRICHUM PHYLLANTHUM, Br. & Sch.

Orthotrichum phyllanthum, Bryol. Europ. 3, Orthot. Monogr. p. 30, t. 18.

Has. Cape Horn.

5. ORTHOTRICHUM LUTEOLUM, Hook. fil. & Wils.
Orthotrichum luteolum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. Antarct. p. 97, t. 152, f. 2.

Has.. Cape Horn.

6. OrtHotricHuM MAGELLANicum, Dont.
Orthotrichum Magellanicum, Mont. in Voy. Astrol. & Zel. Crypt. p. 290, t. 20, f. 2.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

22 CRYPTOGAMIA.

7. ORTHOTRICHUM CRASSIFOLIUM, Hook. fil. & Wils.
Orthotrichum crassifolium, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. Antarct. p. 125, t. 57, f. 8.

Has. Cape Horn.

2 MACROMITRIUM, Brid.

1. Macromitrium Retnwarpti, Schwogr.

Macromitrium Reinwardtii, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 69, t. 173.

Has. Kaala Mountains, behind Honolulu, Oahu; Mauna Loa,
Hawaii; Sandwich Islands. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands.

2. Macromitrium Toncenss, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 5.)

M. pusillum; caule repente aphyllo ; ramis confertis densissime foliosis
subglobosis ; folits oblongo-ligulatis obtusis continuo-costatis inferne
curvulo-areolatis papillosis, superne guttulatis ; capsula cylindracea
subcurvula longicolla breviter-pedicellata, peristomio simplici discrete
16-deniato; calyptra longa pilosa.

Has. Tongatabu, one of the Friendly Islands.

Forms thin dense dark-brown patches. Stems creeping, divided,
leafless; branches, very numerous, short, 1-2 lines high, densely
leaved, subglobose. Leaves, oblong-ligulate, obtuse, apiculate by the
slightly excurrent costa; the upper half plain, thick, opaque, com-
posed of minute subrotund granular cellules; the lower half subcom-
plicate-concave, diaphanous, cellules large, oblong, lunate, papillose.
Pericheetial leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, plicate; capsule cylin-
drical, erect, slightly curved, with a long collum: pedicel short, 1-14
lines high: peristome single; teeth 16 equidistant, with a median
line. Operculum long-rostrate. Calyptra covering the whole capsule,
pilose.-—Probably dioicous.

Resembles IM. Nepalense ; but that species has acuminate leaves, the

MUSCI. 23

cellules in the lower part not curved: and the teeth of its peristome
are in pairs.

PLATE 5, B—Macromitrium Toncense: fertile plants. Fig. 1.
Portion of fertile plant. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Leaves. 7, 8. Portions of a
leaf, showing the reticulation. 9, 10, 11. Cross sections of leaf. 12.
Deoperculated capsule, with pedicel, perichzetial leaves, and paraphyses.
13. Capsule, with operculum. 14. Same, without operculum. 15.
Capsule, covered by calyptra. 16. Calyptra. 17. Cross section of
same. 18. Hairs of the calyptra. 19. Three teeth of peristome, with
portion of capsule wall. 20, 21. Pericheetial leaves.—Details magni-
fied.

3. MACROMITRIUM PILIFERUM, Schweegr.
Macromitrium piliferum, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 66, t. 172.

Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu; Mauna Loa, Hawaii; Sandwich
Islands.

4, MACROMITRIUM GRACILE, Hook.

Orthotrichum gracile, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 27.
Macromitrium gracile, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 39, t. 112.

Has. New Zealand.

5. MACROMITRIUM SUBTILE, Schwoegr.

Macromttrium subtile, Schweegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 140, t. 192.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands. Savaii, one of the
Navigator’s Islands.

Appears to be common in Tahiti: the peristome very fugacious :
inflorescence monoicous.

24 CRYPTOGAMIA.

3 SCHLOTHEIMIA, Brid.

1. ScHLOTHEIMIA NITIDA, Schwegr.
Schlotheimia nitida, Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 5, t. 167.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil. Specimens without fruit.

Tribe 11. GRIMMIEZ.
1GRIMMIA, Ehrh.

1. Griwata Peruviana, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 5.)

G. dioica pulvinata ; caule fastigiato-ramoso ; foliis erecto-patentibus lan-
ceolatis carinato-concavis valido-costatis piliferis, pilo via denticulato ;
capsula ovali macrostoma, collo distincto, pedicello breviusculo, peristom.
dentibus pertusis ; calyptra mitriformi lobata ; floribus eparaphysatis.

Haz. Andes of Peru, at an elevation of 15,000 feet.

Resembles G. leucophea, Grev. and may be a local form of that
species. It differs, however, thus: the whole plant (the pellucid hair-
point of the leaf excepted) is of a reddish-brown color; the stems are
more branched and not clavate; the capsule is less inflated, less
emergent, and has a wider mouth and a distinct collum; teeth of the
peristome are not bifid or trifid; the pedicel is shorter; leaves are not
so spreading and are not cymbiform-concave, neither is their hair-
point strongly spinulose-dentate, nor their texture so thick.

Puate 5, A.—GrimmiA PervvIANA: one male and two fertile plants.
Fig. 1. Portion of fertile plant. 2,3. Lower stem-leaves. 4, 5, 6.
Upper and pericheetial leaves. 7. Point of leaf. 8, 9. Cross sections
of leaf. 10,11. Portions of leaf, showing the reticulation. 12, 13.
Capsules, with calyptras, pedicels, and perichetial leaves. 14. Capsule,
with operculum. 15. Operculated capsule, with pedicel and vaginula.
16. The same in a dry state, without operculum. 17. Calyptra. 18.
Two teeth of the peristome. 19. Vertical section through peristome,

MUSCL 25

annulus, and part of capsule wall. 20. Antheridia and perigonial
leaves. 21. Perigonial leaf—Details enlarged.

2. GRiIMMIA OVATA, Web. & Mohr.
Grimmia ovata, Web. & Mohr; Bryol. Europ. 8, Grimm. Monogr. p- 21, t. 17.

Has. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

3. GRIMMIA STREPTOPHYLLA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 6.)

G. monoica parvula laxe pulvinata ; foliis dense imbricantibus spiraliter
tristichis ovalibus oblongisve cymbiforini-concavis, perichaetialibus multo
majoribus elongato-oblongis plicatis, omnibus obtusissimis subcontinuo-
costates ; capsula immersa urniformi-ovali 16-dentata exannulata, oper-
culo convexo wmbonato ; calyptra minima conica.

Has. Andes of Peru, near Banos.

A rather small species, growing in loose blackish-brown cushions.
Stems 8-10 lines high, fastigiately branched, radicles few. Leaves
densely imbricate in three spiral rows, ovate or oblong, boat-shaped ;
the perichaetial much larger, elongated-oblong, plicate ; all very obtuse,
and with a costa reaching nearly to the apex; areolation minute, cel-
lules quadrate above, oblong below. Capsule immersed, erect on a
short straight pedicel, entirely concealed by the perichaetial leaves,
oval, truncate, wide-monthed, exannulate; teeth of the peristome
lanceolate, obtuse, perforated, above yellowish. Operculum slightly
convex, mamillate. Calyptra minute, conic. Monoicous; male buds
large ; perigonial leaves broad-ovate, constricted and subtubular at the
apex; antheridia 10-15; paraphyses short and few.

PLATE 6, B—GRIMMIA STREPTOPHYLLA: two fertile plants, of the
natural size. Fig. 1. Portion of a plant, showing the spiral direction
of the leaves. 2. The same, the perichaetial leaves opened to show
the capsule. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Leaves. 16,
17, 18, 19. Cross sections of leaf. 20. Portion of base of leaf, show-

7

26 CRYPTOGAMIA.

ing the reticulation. 21, 22. Points of leaf, showing the same. 23.
Cellules of leaf. 24. Capsules and antheridia. 25. Capsule and
archegonia. 26. Calyptra. 27. Operculum, with columella adherent.
Analyses magnified.

2. RACOMITRIUM, Brid.

1. RAcoMITRIUM PROTENSUM, Brauwi.

Racomitrium protensum, Braun; Bryol. Europ. 38, Racom. Monogr. p. 6, t. 2.

Has. Island of Madeira.

2. RACOMITRIUM RUPESTRE, Hook. jil. & Wils.

Racomitrium rupestre, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. N. Zeal. p. 75.
Dryptodon rupestris, Hook, fil. & Wils. Flo. Antarct. p. 402, t. 152, f 1.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

3. RACOMITRIUM HETEROSTICHUM, Brid.

Racomitrium heterostichwm, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. 8, Racom. Monog. p. 9, t. 1.

Has. Island of Madeira.

4, RACOMITRIUM LANUGINOSUM, Brid.

Racomitrium lanuginosum, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. 8, Racom. Monog. p. 11, t. 6.
Has. Island of Madeira. St. Jago, Cape de Verd Islands. Oregon.
Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Hawaii and East Maui, Sandwich Islands.
0. RACOMITRIUM CANESCENS, Brid.

Racomitrium canescens, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. 8, Racom. Monogr. p. 12, t. 7 and 8.

Has. Mount Rainier, Oregon.

MUSCI. 27

Tribe 12. POLYTRICHEA.

1 POLYTRICHU M, Brid.

SusGEeNvs 1. Atricnuum, Pal. Beauv.

Peristomit dentes 32. Capsula cylindrica inclinata. Operculum longi-
rostre. Calyptra nuda, apice subspinulosa.

1. Potytricuum unpULATUM, Hedw.

Polytrichum undulatum, Hedw. Stirp. 1, p. 48, t. 16.
Atrichum undulatum, Pal. Beauv.; Bryol. Europ. 4, Atric. Monogr. p. 8, t. 1 and 2.

Has. Fort Nisqually, and Port Discovery, Oregon.

SUBGENUS 2. Cypuoma, Hook, fil. & Wils.

Peristomu dentes, 64. Capsula superne plana, inferne gibba. Calyptra,
subnuda.

2. Potytricoum MAGELLANIcum, Hedw.

Polytrichum Magellanicum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 101, t. 20; Flo. Antarct. t. 59, f. 3;
Flo. N. Zeal. p. 91.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

The subgenus Cyphoma with its character, is from the Flora of New
Zealand. In our specimens (which are perhaps not in a fit state), the
normal form of the capsule does not appear to be plano-convex. When
much past maturity, the capsules become horizontal, and in conse-
quence of the collapse of the wall of their upper side, sometimes
assume nearly that form: even the figure above cited from the Flora
Antarctica, favors this view.

4
28 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Supgenvus 8. PHatocroma, Hook, fil. & Wils.

Peristomii dentes 64. Capsula teres. Calyptra parce pilosa. Ramiji-
catio dendroidea.

8. PoLYTRICHUM DENDROIDES, Brid.

Polytrichum dendroides, Brid. Musc. Recent. 2, 1, p. 101, t. 5, f.6; Schwaegr. Suppl.
t. 151.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

4. Potytricnum squamosum, Hook. fil. & Wils.
Polytrichum squamosum, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. Antarct. t. 158, f. 8.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

SuseEnus 4. Pogonatum, Pal. Beauv.

Peristomii dentes 32-64. Cupsula teres. Calyptra Villosa.

5. PoLyTRICHUM ALPINUM, Linn.

Polytrichum alpinum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1578.
Pogonatum alpinum, Brid.; Bryol. Europ. 4, Pogon. Monog. p. 9, t. 10.

Has. New Zealand.

6. PoLYTRICHUM SEMIANGULATUM, Pers. (Tab. 6.)
Pogonatum semiangulatum, Pers. in Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 744.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

MUSCL. 29

Our specimens accord accurately with authentic specimens of P.
semiangulatum, Pers., which is clearly distinct from P. Magellanicum,
to which it has been referred by late authors. Besides other charac-
ters less striking, its more linear obtuse leaves with a bright orange-
red spot on the upper part of their sheathing base, at once distinguish
it from P. Magellanicum.

Piate 6, A.—POoLYTRICHUM SEMIANGULATUM: two plants, of the
natural size. Fig. 1, 2, 3. Leaves. 4. Cross section of sheathing
base of leaf. 5, 6, 7. Cross sections of the blade of the leaf, showing
the lamelle. 8. Portion of upper part of sheathing base of leaf,
showing the reticulation. 9,10, 11,12. Capsules. 13. Peristome
with portion of capsule wall. 14. Four teeth of the peristome.—
Details magnified.

7. POLYTRICHUM TORTILE, Swartz.

Polytrichum tortile, Swartz. Flo. Ind. Oce. 8, p. 1839; Flo. N. Zeal. p. 96.

Has. New Zealand.

It is not certain that this is the true Swartzian P. tortile. Our
plant is the same as the one so named by Hooker and Wilson in the
Flora of New Zealand.

8. PoLyrricoum JuNGHUHNIANUM, Dz. & MO.

Polytrichum Junghuhnianum, Dz. & Mb. Bryol. Javan. p. 41, t. 31.

Has. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

SUBGENUS 5. CEPHALOTRICHUM, Schimp.

Peristomii dentes 16. Capsula teres elongata. Calyptra villosa. Folwa
rosulato-congesta.

30 CRYPTOGAMIA.

9, PoLYTRICHUM OLIGoDUS, Kunze.
| Polytrichum oligodus, Kunze.; Mihl. Synop. Muse. Frond. 1, p. 206.

Has. Andes of Peru, at an elevation of 15,000 feet.

SupcEenvs 6. Potytricuum, Brid.

Peristomii dentes 64. Capsula angulata discoideo-apophysata. Calyptra
villosa. | |

10. PoLytricnumM commune, Linn.

Polytrichum commune, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1573; Bryol. Europ. 4, Polyt. Monog. p. 18,
t. 17.

Has. New Zealand.

11. PotytrRicHum JUNIPERINUM, Hedw.

Polytrichum Juniperinum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 89, t. 18; Bryol. Europ. 4, Polyt.
Monog. p. 12, t. 16.

Has. New Zealand; Island of Madeira; Oregon.

12. PoLytRicHuM PILIFERUM, Schreb.

Polytrichum piliferum, Schreb. Fl. Lips. p. 74; Bryol. Europ. 4, Polyt. Monog.
p- 11, t. 14.

Has. Island of Madeira.

MUSCL 31

Tribe 13. BRYEZ.

1. BRY UM, Dill.

1. Bryum cicANnteuM, Hook.

Bryum giganteum, Hook. in Schweeg. Suppl. 2, 2, p. 20, t. 158.

Haz. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Specimens bar-
ren.

2. Bryum truncorum, Brid.

Bryum truncorum, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p. 699; Flo. New Zeal. p- 86.

Has. New Zealand.

3. BryumM MEGALosTEGIUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 7.)

B. dioicum dense ceespitans; foliis ovato-lanceolatis costa excurrente
breviter cuspidatis, marginibus integerrimis planis; capsula clavato-
pyriformi incurva nutante vel pendula late annulata pachydermi
macrostoma ; operculo permagno subhemispheerico apiculato.

Has. Forests on the sides of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

Tufts dense, of a shining yellow color. Stems radiculose, purplish-
brown below, rather slender, 1-2 inches high, with one or two short
innovations from the apex. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, concave, distant
except at the top where they are crowded, oblong-acuminate and sub-
linear-lanceolate; all sharply cuspidate by the excurrent costa, their
margins entire plain, not bordered; texture thin, soft, composed
of elongated hexagonal cellules. Capsule clavate-pyriform, incurved,
cernuous or pendulous, thick-walled, mouth very large, collum about
the length of the sporangium, tapering into the pedicel; cilia of the

32. CRYPTOGAMIA.

inner peristome broad, split on the keel, ciliole in pairs, appendicu-
late; annulus broad. Operculum unusually large, subhemispherical,
apiculate. Dioicous.

B. pallens, Swartz, and B. turbinatum, Hedw., associate closely
with this species: the first, however, has decurrent leaves with a
thickened recurved border; the second has a symmetrical straight
- capsule; in both the operculum is much smaller than in B. Mega-
lostegvum. |

PLATE 7, A.—BRYUM MEGALOSTEGIUM: four plants, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. A plant. 2. Perichectial leaves. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Stem
leaves. 9. Cross section of leaf. 10. Portion of base of leaf, show-
ing the reticulation. 11. Point of leaf, showing the same. 12, 13,
14,15. Capsules. 16. Portion of the peristome. 17. Vertical sec-
tion of the peristome. 18. Points of teeth of same. 19. Vaginual
with archegonia and paraphyses.—Details magnified. ;

4, Bryum Avserti, Brid.

Bryum Auberti, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p. 711; Schweegr. Suppl. 1, 2, p. 182, t. 80.
Has. Feejee Islands. The specimens, though scanty and imper-
fect, accord well with Schweegrichen’s figure above cited.
5. Bryum nIvAue, OC. Mull.

Bryum nivale, C. Miill. Synop. Muse. 1, p. 262.

Has. Casa Cancha, Peru. Snow-line of the Cordilleras, near
Santiago, Chili.

6. Bryum casprricium, Linn.
Bryum cespiticium, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1586; Bryol. Europ. 4, Bry. Monog. p. 70, t. 34.

Has. Sandwich Islands.

MUSCILI. 33

7. Bryum aupinum, Linn.
Bryum alpinum, Linn. Syst. Plant. p. 949; Bryol. Europ. 4, Bry. Monog. p. 76, t. 39.

Has. Island of Madeira.

8. BryuM ARGENTEUM, Linn.

Bryum argenteum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1586; Bryol. Europ. 4, Bry. Monog. p. 78, t. 41.

Has. High Andes of Peru. The specimens belong to the var.
lanatum.

9. Bryum Inpicum, Dz. & Molkb.

Bryum Indicum, Dz. & Molkb. Muse. Frond. Ined. Arch. Ind. p. 22, t. 11.
Peromnion Magellanicum, Sulliv. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 316.

Has. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. Mountains of Tahiti. ‘Cape
Horn.” The last habitat is probably erroneous.

10. BryumM JULACEUM, Srmith.

Bryum julaceum, Smith, Flo. Brit. p. 1857; Bryol. Europ. 4, Bry. Monog. p. 79,
t. 40.

Has. Andes of Peru. The specimens are without fruit, but appear
to belong to this species. :

11. Bryum Orrecanum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 7.)

B. hermaphroditum ; ccespite denso ; caulibus ramisque brevissimis gem-
—miformibus ; foliis confertissimis oblongis obovato-oblongisve acutis
margine limbato superne serrato reflexis continuo-costatis ; capsula
alte pedicellata subpendula clavato-oblonga, operculo hemispheerico
apiculato.

Has. Oregon.

~

34 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Hermaphrodite. Densely cespitose. Stems and innovations very
short, 4-5 lines high, gemmiform. Leaves crowded into a subglobose
tuft, oblong or obovate-oblong, pointed, serrate above; margins re-
flexed, bordered; costa extending to the point; areolation rather
loose, cellules rhombic: perichetial leaves elongated-oblong, long-
pointed, with a subexcurrent costa. Capsule subpendulous, clavate-
oblong, straight or slightly curved, constricted below the mouth when
dry : teeth of the peristome closely articulated; cilia broad with large
perforations on the keel ; ciliolee in pairs, conspicuously appendiculate ;
annulus large, compound; operculum rather small, hemispherical,
apiculate; pedicel slender, 1-2 inches high.

This species is closely related to Brywm microstegium, Schimp., but
that has ovate-lanceolate leaves gradually acuminated and long-cuspi-
date by the excurrent costa, with margins not reflexed; a convex-
conic more pointed and much smaller operculum; and more linear
peristomial teeth with more distant articulations.

Piate 7, B.—Bryum OreGANnumM: three plants, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A plant. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Leaves. 7. Cross section of leaf.
8. Leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Marginal portion of leaf, show-
ing the same. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. Capsules. 15. Portion of peri-
stome. 16. Vertical section of peristome. 17. Portion of annulus.
18. Vaginula, with antheridia and archegonia. 19. Archegonia, anthe-
ridium, and paraphysis.—Details magnified.

12. Bryum Ltavicatum, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Brywm levigatum, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. Antarct. p. 415, t. 154, p. 8.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

13. Bryum NUTANS, Schreb.

Bryum nutans, Schreb. Spic. Flo. Lips. p. 81; Bryol. Europ. 4, Bry. Monog. p. 34,
t. 12.

Has. Cape Horn.

MUSCI. 35

14. Bryum vacans, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Bryum vagans, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. Antarct. t. 154, f. 1.
Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Of this and the two preceding spe-

cies the collection contains very imperfect specimens, barely sufficient
for their identification.

2. MNIUM, Linn.

1. Mnium punctatum, Hedw.

Mnium punctatum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 193; Bryol. Europ. 4, Mn. Monog. p. 19,
t. 2.

Has. Port Discovery, Oregon.

2. Mwnium insiane, Mitten.
Mnium insigne, Mitten. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 8, p. 230.

Has. Puget Sound, Oregon.

3. MNIUM ROSTRATUM, Schwegr.

Mnium rostratum, Schweegr. Suppl. 1, 2, p. 186, t.79; Bryol. Europ. 4, Mni. Monogr.
p. 27, t. 7.

Has. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands.

4. Mnium royncHorpHorum, Hook.

Mnium rhynchophorum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 20, f. 3.

Has. Forests on the side of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

36 CRYPTOGAMIA.

5. Mnium venustum, Mitten.
Mnium venustum, Mitten. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 8, p. 231, t. 12, f. B.

Has. Port Discovery, Oregon.

6. Mynium Menzresu, Hook.

Bryum Menziesii, Hook. Bot. Miscell. 1, p. 36, t. 19.
Hypnum acanthoneuron, Schweegr. Suppl. t. 258.

Has. Port Discovery and Puget Sound, Oregon.

38 AULACOMNION, Schwegr.

1. AULACOMNION ANDROGYNUM, Schwegr.

Aulacomnion androgynum, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 125; Bryol. Europ. 4, Aulac. Monogr.
p- 11, t. 4.

Has. Fort Nisqually, Puget Sound, Oregon. The specimens are

somewhat larger than the European, and fruit more copiously.

4, MEESIA, Hedw.

1. MEESIA LONGISETA, Hedw.

Meesia longiseta, Hedw. Stirp. Crypt. 1, t. 21, 22; Bryol. Europ. 4, Mees. Monog.
p- 6, t. 2.

Has. Oregon. A mere scrap, found among other mosses.

MUSCI. 37

9% LEPTOSTOMUM, BR. Brown.

1. Leprostomum Menzies, R. Br.

Leptostomum Menziesti, R. Br. in Act. Soc. Linn. Lond. 10, p. 320; Schweer.
Suppl. t. 104.

Haz. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Our Specimens furnish the male
plants, hitherto unknown. They are simple, clavate, mixed with and
smaller than the fertile plants: male flower terminal subdiscoid ;
antheridia numerous; paraphyses filiform.

2. LEprostomum MAcRocARPuM, Heduw.
Bryum macrocarpum, Hedw. Muse. Frond. 3, p. 28, t. 10.

Has. New Zealand.

Tribe 14. MIELICHHOFERIE A).
Il MIELICHHOFERIA, Nes & Hornsch.

1. MreticuHorertA Anpina, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 8.)

M. hermaphrodita pusilla; ccespite densa; caulibus innovando-ramosis
clavatis ; foliis densissime imbricatis lanceolatis acuminatis superne
serratis evanido-costatis bryoideo-areolatis ; capsula ovali-cylindrica
recta vel curvata brevicolla annulata pendula conico-operculata, pedi-
cello longiusculo flecuoso, perist. dentibus tenuibus linearibus remote
articulatis.

Has. Andes of Peru, at an elevation of 15,000 feet.

A small hermaphrodite species, growing in dense tufts. Stems 4—6
lines high, fastigiately branched by subclavate innovations, Leaves
10

38 CRYPTOGAMIA.

closely crowded on the upper half of the innovations, below scattered
and smaller, lanceolate acuminate, serrate from the middle upwards,
areolation loose elongated-hexagonal, costa subflexuous, vanishing
below the apex ; perichstial leaves longer and with a shorter costa.
Capsule oval-cylindrical, straight or arcuate, cernuous or pendulous ;
collum short, not tapering into the rather long and flexuous pedicel ;
annulus simple, large; operculum short, conic; teeth of the peristome
tender, linear, horizontal, remotely articulated; spores large. Anthe-
ridia in the axils of the pericheetial leaves, or mixed with the arche-
gonia at the base of the vaginula.

The small size of the whole plant, and its short oval-cylindrical
capsule with a broad short abrupt collum, distinguish this species from
its congeners.

Puate 8, A.—MIsticuHoreriA ANDINA: four plants, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. A plant. 2, 35,4, 5,6. Leaves. 7, 8,9. Cross sections of
leaves. 10. Leaf, showing the reticulation. 11,12. Capsules, without
opercula. 13. Capsule, with operculum. 14. Peristome, with portion
of capsule wall. 15. Three teeth of peristome, with portion of annu-
lus, and spores. 16. A spore. 17. Vaginula, with archegonia and
antheridia. 18. Antheridium.—Analyses enlarged.

Tribe 15. BARTRAMIBZ:.
l1BARTRAMIA, Hedw.

1. Bartramia ricipA, Bals. & Not.

Bartramia rigida, Bals. & Not. Pugil. 1; Bryol. Europ. 4; Bart. Monogr. p. 20,
t. 11.

Has. Base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

The specimens differ from the European only in their larger size.
The American representative of this species is B. radicalis, Beauv.,
distinguished mainly by a more linear leaf, a longer and more slender
pedicel, and a smaller capsule.

MUSCILI. 39

2. BARTRAMIA TENUIS, Zuy/l.

Bartramia tenuis, Tayl. in Phytologist, p. 1095.
Bartramia mollis, Dz. & Molkb. in Ann. Sci. 1844, 2, p. 800.
Bartramia radicalis, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. N. Zeal., not Beauy.

Has. New Zealand, Waya-ruru Bay; growing with Marchantia
paleacea.

Authentic specimens, under the three names above, prove to be one
and the same species. It is doubtful which of the two first specific
names is entitled to adoption; both appear to have been published
during the latter part of 1844. This species is dioicous. The true
B, radicalis, Beauv., very common in the Southern United States, is
monoicous, its staminate and pistillate buds being in close proximity,
as in B. pomiformis.

3. BARTRAMIA ELEGANTULA, Tuy/l.

Bartramia elegantula, Tayl. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1847, p. 335.

Has. Near the snow-line behind St. Jago, Chili.

4. Bartramia ExiGua, Sulliv. (Tab. 8.)

B. divica pusilla; caulibus dendroideo-ramosis ; foliis caulinis ovato-
lanceolatis, rameis anguste lanceolatis, omnibus costa excurrente longe
cuspidatis valde papillosis, margine subrecurvo celluloso-denticulatis
minute quadrato-areolatis: flore masculo terminali disciformi, foliis
perigonialibus obtusatis apice dentatis evanido-costatis: fl. fem. et Ir.
desideratis.

Bartramia pusilla, Sulliv..in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1850, p. 316.

Has. Cape Horn.

40 CRYPTOGAMIA.

A small glaucous-green species, of which the Collection contains
only male and barren specimens. Stems erect, about 1 inch high,
matted together below by dark tomentose radicles, subdendroid, hav-
ing from near the summit numerous spreading branches 2-3 lines
long. Leaves of the main stems erect ovate-lanceolate, those of the
branches narrower spreading, both mucronate by the excurrent costa,
concave, subcarinate, strongly papillose on both sides, opaque, denticu-
late on the slightly recurved margins by protuberant oblong cellules,
which elsewhere are smaller and subquadrate. Male flower terminal,
discoid; perigonial leaves with a costa ceasing below the obtuse and
dentate apex; antheridia numerous, shorter than the clavate para-
physes.

Clearly different from Glyphocarpa pusilla, Hook. fil. & Wils., to
which it is referred by Muller, Synop. Muse. 2, p. 616. G. pusilla is
described (Lond. Jour. Bot. 1844, p. 545) as “ being exceedingly mi-
nute, the whole plant not two lines in height, and with loosely reticu-
lated leaves.”

Barren stems of B. exigua very much resemble Hypnum Scabri-
Jolium, Hook. fil. & Wils., as figured in the Flora Antarctica, Tab. 60.

Puate 8, B.—BARTRAMIA EXIGUA: one barren and two male plants,
of the natural size. Fig. 1. A male plant. 2, 3, 4. Stem leaves.
0, 6, 7. Branch leaves. 8,9,10. Perigonial leaves. 11, 12,13. Cross
sections of branch leaves. 14. Upper part of a branch leaf, showing
the reticulation. 15,16. Cellules of same. 17. Portion of a branch.
18, 19. Antheridium and paraphyses.—Details enlarged.

d. BARTRAMIA SETIFOLIA, Hook. & Arn.
Gymnostomum setifol’wm, Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Icon. Plant. t. 135.

Has. Near Casa Cancha, Andes of Peru.

The specimens vary in important particulars from the description
of Bartramia intertexta, Schimp., as given in Muller’s Synop. Muse. 1,
p. 004, under which G. setifolium, H. & A., is cited as a synonym.

MUSCI.

6. BartrRamia PATENS, Brid.
Bartramia patens, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 88; Schweegr. Suppl. t. 62.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

7. BARTRAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA, Zuy/l.

Bartramia integrifolia, Tayl. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1846, p. 55.

Has. Cape Horn.

8. BartramiA ropustaA, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Bartramia robusta, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. Antarct. p. 21, t. 59, f. 4.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

9. BARTRAMIA PENDULA, Hook.
Bartramia pendula, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 21; Schweegr. Suppl. t. 239.

Has. Cape Horn, Fuegia.

2CONOSTOMU M, Swartz.

1. CoNoOSTOMUM AUSTRALE, Swartz.

Conostomum autrule, Swartz. in Schrad. Neu. Bot. Jour. p. 134, t. 1, f. 3.
Bartramia Conostoma, Bryol. Europ. 4, Bart. Monogr. p. 16, t. 7.

Haz. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.
11

4]

42 CRYPTOGAMIA.

2. Conosrouum Macetianicum, Sulliv. (Tab. 8.)

C. monoicum ceespitosum ; caulibus gracilibus dense foliosis innovando-
ramosis ; foliis quinquefartis arcte (in sicco vel humido) appressis
levibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis quadrato-areolatis, costa latissima sub-
apice desinente; floribus terminalibus masculo disciformi feemineo
capituliformi, perichetialibus oblongo-acuminatis excurrenti-costatis :
Fructu non viso.

Conostomum Magellanicum, Sulliv. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1850, p. 316.
Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Specimens without fruit.

Monoicous: stems ceespitose, radiculose below and at the base of
the innovations, slender, 12 inches high, branched by innovations,
densely leafy, subjulaceous. Leaves crowded, appressed in a dry or
moist state, indistinctly 5-ranked, oblong-ovate, obtuse, moderately
concave, subcarinate, entire, smooth; areolation rather large, quad-
rate; costa broad, predominant, ceasing a little below the apex.
Flowers terminal; the male disciform; antheridia numerous, shorter
than the clavate paraphyses ; the fertile capituliform ; archegonia slen-
der, with filiform paraphyses. Perichetial leaves oblong, acuminate,
cuspidate by the excurrent costa.

Puiate 8, C-—Conostomum MAaGELLANicum: plants, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. A plant. 2,3, 4. Stem-leaves. 5, 6, 7. Perigonial leaves.
8. Pericheetial leaf. 9. Upper part of stem-leaf, showing the reticula-
tion. 10. Cross section of leaf. 11. Archegonia and paraphyses.
12. Same. 13. Antheridium and paraphyses.—Details magnified.

Tribe 16. FUNARIEZ.
1 FUNARIA, Schreb.

1. Funaria HyGRometrica, Hedw.

Funaria hygrometrica, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 172; Bryol. Kurop. 3, Funar. Monogr.
p- 8, t. 3.

Has. New Holland; Sandwich Islands; Oregon; New Zealand.

MUSCLI. 43

2. FUNARIA CALVESCENS, Schwoegr.
Funaria calvescens, Schweegr. Suppl. 1, 2, p. 77, t. 65.

Has. Peru.

Tribe 17. SPLACHNEZ.

1. ORTHODON, Bory.

1. ORTHODON SERRATUS, Bory.

Orthodon serratus, Bory. in Schwegr. Suppl. 2,1, p. 23, t. 106, non Brid. Bryol.
Univ. 1, p. 232.

Octoblepharum serratum, Brid. Sp. Muse. p. 86?, non Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 136.

Dissodon serratus, ©. Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 1, p. 141.

Orthodon subglaber, Griffith Muse. Itin. Assam. p. 19.

Has. Forest on sides of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

Our specimens are identical with Isle of Bourbon specimens received,
under the name of Orthodon serratus, Bory, from Schweegrichen: they,
however, do not accord with his description and figure 1. c. of that
species.

The detailed description of Orthodon subglaber, Griffith, in the Mus- :
cologia Itineris Assamici, applies accurately to our moss: the same may
be said of Muller’s Dissodon serratus.

Octoblepharum serratum, Hook., is usually considered the same as
Orthodon serratus, Bory., but the serration of the leaf, and the struc-
ture of the calyptra of the former, as figured in Musc. Exot. t. 136,
preclude this view.

Bridel’s Octoblepharwm serratum, Sp. Musc., may be the true Ortho-
don serratus, Bory.; not so his Orthodon serratus (Bryol. Univ.),
which conforms to t. 136, just cited.

44 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Div.2. PLEUROCARPI

Tribe 18, HYPNEZ.

1 HYPNUM, Linn.

Sec. 1. Dendroidea: caulis primarius radiciformis, secundarius erectus,
inferne nudus, superne arbusculoideo-ramosus.

{ Folia immarginata.

a, Capsula levis.

1. Hypnum AarpuscuLa, Hook.

Hypnum Arbuscula, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 112 ; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond 2, p. 228.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Peru.

2. Hypnum Menzissu, Hook.

Hypnum Menziesii, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 83; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 506.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

3. Hypnum Rernwarpti, Hsch.

Hypnum Reinwardti, Hsch. Nov. Act. Acad. Cas. Leop. 14, 2, Suppl. p. 722, t. 41;
Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 505.

Has. Island of Tutuila, Samoan or Navigator's Group. Ovolau,
Feejee Islands.

MUSCL. 45

4. HypNom FASCICULATUM, Sw.

Hypnum fasciculatum, Swartz. Prodr. Flo. Ind. Occ. p. 140; Mill. Synop. Muse.
Frond. 2, p. 226; Hedw. Sp. Muse. p- 245, t. 62.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil; without fruit.
b. . Capsula sulcata.

5. Hypnum comosum, La Bill.

Hypnum comosum, La Bill. Pl. Nov. Holl. 2, p. 107, t. 258, f. 2; Mill. Synop. Muse.
Frond. 2, p. 503.

Has. New Zealand. Lord Auckland’s Islands. A variable species.

6. Hypnum pivaricatum, sch. & Reinw.

Hypnum divaricatum, Hsch & Reinw. Nov. Act. Acad. Cees. Leop. 14, 2, Suppl.
p-. 722, t.41; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 505.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands.
- This species, H. comatum, Miill., and H. Siebert, Mull., may be
forms of the preceding species.
7. Hypnum SPININERVIUM, Hook.

Hypium spininervium, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 29; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2,

p. 506.
Hypnum arcuatum, Hedw. e. Mitten in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1856, p. 265.

Has. Tahiti and Eimeo, Society Islands.
12

46 CRYPTOGAMIA.

+} Folia plus minus marginata.
8. Hypnum marcinatum, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Hypnum marginatum, Hook. fil. & Wils. Lond. Jour. Bot. 8, p. 554; Flo. N. Zeal.
p. 106, t. 89, f. 2.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

9. Hypyum rricostatum, Sulliv. (Tab. 9.)

H. dioicum, majusculum, dendroideo-ramosum ; ramis elongatis flexuosis
simplicibus compositisve ; foliis confertis erecto-patentibus ovato-oblongis
acutis continuo-costatis incrassate limbatis (veluti tricostatis) superne
grosse serratis subpunctiformi-areolatis ; pericheetiis polyphyllis rami-

gens.

Neckera tricostata, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Haz. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

A striking, showy, dendroid species, with brownish-yellow foliage.
Main stem creeping horizontal, throwing up at intervals erect branches,
5 to 7 inches high, which below are simple, blackish, shining, and leaf-
less; above, divided into numerous crowded, elongated, flexuose, sim-
ple, and compound branchlets. Leaves imbricating, erect-patent,
slightly incurved, ovate-oblong, acuminate, with a broad subtruncate
base, serrate above, concave, carinate, costate their entire length; the
margins surrounded by a thickened border, similar to the costa; com-
pactly areolated, the cellules minute, subrotund. Perichetia situated
at the base of the branchlets, oblong; the leaves numerous, closely
imbricating; the lower ones broad-ovate, more or less apiculate; the
upper, oblong, convolute, with horizontally reflexed acuminate points ;
all ecostate, their margins with a more or less distinct pellucid border.
Archegonia numerous, 45-50. Paraphyses copious, longer than the
archegonia, formed of about 30 oblong cellules, placed end to end, the
base in some composed of several strata of cellules. Probably dioicous.

MUSCL 47

Prats 9, B—Hypnum rricosratum: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A portion of the stem, with leaves. 2, 3,4. Leaves. 5, 6. Cross
sections of a leaf. 7. Point of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 8.
Marginal portion of leaf, showing the same. 9. Perichetium. 10, 11,

12. Perichetial leaves. 13. Archegonium and paraphyses.—Details
magnified.

10. Hypnum speciosissiuum, Sulliv. (Tab. 9.)

HT, dicicum, elatum, frondiforme ; caule secundario erecto inferne subnudo
stipiformi superne pinnato-ramoso ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis longissime
acumimatis costa dorso superne dentata excurrente cuspidatis supra
medium serratis indistincte limbatis dense lineari-areolatis ; perigoniis
(planta mascula sola visa) numerosissimis conspicuis.

Hypnum speciosissimum, Sulliv. Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Feejee Islands.

A large striking plant, of a fern-like aspect: light chestnut the pre-
dominant color of the foliage. Male plants only, seen. Primary stem
or rhizoma large, prostrate, covered with dark-purple radicles. From
the rhizoma arise erect stems, 7-8 inches high; their lower half a firm,
stiff, blackish stipe, apparently naked, but furnished with scattered,
closely appressed, scale-like leaves; their upper half throwing out
equally on both sides, and in the same plane, numerous crowded
branches; the branches patent-divergent; the upper ones straight,
simple; the lower more or less flexuous, with a few short branchlets.
Leaves of the central stem, large, distant, bifarious, triangular-lanceo-
late, long-acuminate, slightly concave: leaves of the branches and
branchlets much narrower, erect-patent, crowded, from an oblong
elliptical base, produced into a very long linear point, four times the
length of the base: both kinds of leaves acutely serrate above, cuspi-
date by a firm, rigid, excurrent costa, dentate on the back near its
apex; their margins more or less thickened ; areolation opaque, dense,
very minute; cellules pachydermous, linear, tapering at each end.
Male flowers numerous, large, conspicuous, ellipsoidal, acuminate, sub-

48 CRYPTOGAMIA.

stipitate, disposed in lines upon the upper branches and upper portion
of the main stem: the lower perigonial leaves minute, ovate, pointed ;
the upper ones convolute, lanceolate, filiformly acuminate, costate to
the apex; the interior ones broad, elliptical, convolute, shortly and
obtusely apiculate; costa vanishing midway. Antheridia 3-5 large,
elongated, pedicelled: paraphyses more numerous, and a little longer
than the antheridia.

Piate 9, A.—Hypnum SPEcIosissimuM: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of the erect stem, with a branch. 2, 3, 4. Leaves of
the stem. 5. Leaf of a branch. 6. Cross section of a leaf. 7, 8. Por-
tion of the base of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Point of a leaf.
10. Portion of the apparently naked stem. 11. Male bud in the axil
of a branch leaf. 12. The same, detached. 13, 14. Antheridia, with
paraphyses. 15, 16, 17, 18. Leaves of the perigonium.—Details en-
larged.

Sec, 2. Cupressiformia: caulis prostratus vage vel scepius pinnatim
ramulosus ; folia obsolete breviter bicostata plus minus falcato-secunda.

} Capsula cernua vel erecto-cernua ineequalis.

11. Hypnum curresstrorme, Linn.

Hypnum cupressiforme, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1592; Bryol. Europ. 6, Hyp. Monogr. p. 25,
t. 14.

Has. Island of Madeira. New Zealand.

12. Hypnum curysocaster, C. Miill.

Hypnum chrysogaster, C. Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 255. (1851.)
Hypnum cupressiforme, Hook. f. & Wils. in Sched. Muse. Antarct. (1853.)
Hypnum patale, Hook. fil. & Wils. in #lo. New Zeal. p- 112, t. 90, £. 6. (1855.)

Has. New Zealand. |

MUSCL. | 49

13. Hypnum pecurrens, Sulliv. (Tab. 10.)

H. dicicum, majusculum ; caulibus prostratis subcomplanatis parce pin-

_ natim ramosis ; foliis subfalcatis cordato-lanceolatis tenuiter acuminatis
decurrentibus toto ambitu serratis brevissime bicostatatis, cellulis tenuis-
simis linearibus alaribus magnis subquadratis ; capsula cernua gubboso-
oblonga ; pedicello erecto-flexuoso.

Hypnum decurrens, Sulliv. in Proceed. Aimer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)
Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

* Probably dioicous; a large species growing in loose shining yellow-
ish mats. Stems prostrate, mostly simple, 4-5 inches long and about
one line broad, somewhat compressed, pinnated with distant branches
of unequal lengths. Leaves loosely imbricating from a broad, cordate,
auriculate, decurrent base, lanceolate-attenuate, serrulate, secund, sub-
falcate, subecostate, of a firm and thin texture composed of minute and
linear cellules ; those at the basal angles large, pellucid, and subquad-
rate. Perichetia numerous: the exterior leaves ovate oblong acumi-
nate; the interior oblong, terminating in a long flexuous, denticulate,
Strap-shaped point; all destitute of a costa. Archegonia 35-40, copi-
ously paraphysated. Pedicels (two only seen, and they grew from the
Same perichzetium) erect, flexuous, smooth, rather short in proportion’
to the size of the plant. Capsule horizontal, short, hypnoid.

This species strongly resembles the North American Hypnum curvi-

folium, Hedw., but the latter species has larger perichgetia with whitish,
striated leaves, and a capsule when dry conspicuously sulcate.

PuatE 10, B—HypnuM DECURRENS: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of stem, with leaves. 2, 3, 4,5, 6. Leaves. 7, 8, 9.
Portions of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 10. Capsule. 11. Arche-
gonium and paraphysis. 12. Perichetium. 13, 14, 15. Perichetial
leaves.—Details enlarged. !

13

50 CRYPTOGAMIA.

14, Hypnum opzopvon, Sulliv. (Tab. 11.)

H. dioicum, late ceespitans ; caulibus prostratis pinnatis ; folvis subfalcato-
secundis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis serrulatis ecostatis tenwiter lineari-
areolatis, cellulis alaribus permagnis ; capsula oblonga subincequali
erecta abrupte brevicolla ; perist. dentibus lineali-lanceolatis fenestratis
ad latera sinuato-dentatis ; operculo conico breviter rostrato.

Hypnum opeodon, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Forest at the Eastern base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

Stems rather short, prostrate, forming large dense golden yellow
shining mats. Ramification at right angles: main branches evenly
and closely pinnate, occasionally subbipinnate. Leaves crowded,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, estriate, subfalcate-secund, eco-
state or obsoletely biscostate at base: texture membranous but firm,
composed of minute linear cellules, except at each of the basal angles,
where are three or four large, oblong, inflated, and yellowish. Peri-
chetium elongated; leaves numerous, ovate and oblong, sheathing,
ecostate, striate, produced into long, variously directed, and strongly
dentate points. Paraphyses abundant. Pedicel smooth, erect, flexu-
ose, slender, much twisted when dry, 12 to 2 inches long. Capsule
subcylindrical-oblong, erect, slightly curved on one side, with a sub-
globose collum not tapering into the pedicel, mouth oblique, exannu-
late. Operculum moderately rostrate from a conic base. Teeth of
the peristome linear-lanceolate with three or four large irregular open-
ings (hence the specific name) along the axis: the sides of the teeth
strongly and irregularly crenate-dentate: cilia lanceolate, carinate,
more or less ruptured along the keel; the basal membrane rather nar-
row: ciliole rudimentary. Sporules large.

The general appearance of this species is strikingly similar to that
of Hypnum imponens, Hedw., but its peristome, operculum, collum of
the capsule, and areolation of the basal angles of the leaf, are quite
different.

MUSCLI. 51

PLATE 11, B—Hypnum opsopon: plant, of the natural size,
Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Leaves. 9, 10, 11.
Capsules. 12. Operculum. 13. Calyptra. 14. Portion of the double
peristome. 15. Tooth of outer peristome. 16,17. Point and base of
leaf, showing the reticulation. 18. Perichetium. 19, 20. Perichetial
leaves.— Details magnified.

15. Hypnum circinaLe, Hook.
Hypnum circinale, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 107; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 318.

Has. Fort Nisqually, Port Discovery, and Spipen River, Oregon.

16. Hypnum GRAcILisetuM, Hsch. e¢ Lienw.

_ Hypnum gracilisetum, Hsch. & Rienw. Nov. Act. Acad. Cas. Leop. 14, 2, Suppl.
p- 727; Schweegr. Suppl. 8, 1, t. 220.
Hypnum mundulum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Southeast coast of the District of Puna; also base of Mauna
Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

17. Hypyum motuicuLum, Sulliv. (Tab. 11.)

H. monoicum, pusillum, flaccidum ; caule prostrato vage diviso, ramis
ascendentibus laxe foliosis ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis attenuatis obsolete
bicostatis lineari-areolatis, cellulis alaribus majoribus ; capsuld cernua

gibboso-oblonga ; pedicello debili: flexuoso.
Hypnum molliculum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Forests at the Eastern base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

A small, delicate, flaccid species, with yellowish-green shining foli-
age, and a loose mode of growth. Stem prostrate, branches weak,

52 CRYPTOGAMIA.

ascending. Leaves loosely and bifariously imbricated, spreading, from
a broad subtruncate concave base, oblong-lanceolate, gradually .taper-
ing into a sharp point; costa very short or nearly obsolete ;. margins
erect and entire; areolation rather lax, composed of cellules long
and flexuous except at the basal angles, where they are shorter, wider,
and more pellucid. Capsules cernuous, short, hypnoid, with a weak
flexuous and smooth pedicel 4-5 lines high. Teeth of the peristome
linear-lanceolate: cilia carinate from a broad membrane, of the same
length as the teeth: ciliole single. Perichztial leaves few, loosely
imbricated, erect, the upper ones with long attenuated points. Anthe-
ridia 4-5, without paraphyses.

Closely related to HL. gracilisetum, H. et R., but is a smaller and
more flaccid species, constantly monoicous, has leaves with entire mar-
gins, and pericheetial leaves gradually acuminated. The ramification
is also different.

Puate 11, 4.—Hypyum MmotuicuLum: plant, of the natural size.
Hig. 1. Portion of stem, with leaves and radicles. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Leaves.
7, 8, 9. Portions of same, showing the reticulation. 10, 11. Cap-
sules. 12. Operculum. 13. Portion of the double peristome. 14. Peri-
cheetium. 15. Perichetial leaf. 16. Male bud. 17. Antheridia, para-
physes, and perigonial leaf.—Details magnified.

18. Hypyum tenviserum, Sulliv. (Tab. 13.)

H, monoicum ; caule prostrato tenui flexili extenso parce diviso, divi-
sionibus dissite breviter pinnatis ; foliis laxis subbifariis ovato-lanceo-
latis serrulatis leniter papillosis subecostatis lineari-areolatis, cellulis
marginalibus distinctioribus, aluribus amplis inflatis ; capsula exigua
hypnoidea, pedicellis numerosis longis gracilibus.

Hypnum tenuisetum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Tutuila, Samoan, or Navigator’s Islands.

Stems prostrate, creeping, 4-5 inches long, at the ends flagelliform,
two or three times divided, pinnate, branchlets short and distant.

MUSCI. 53

Leaves spreading, loose, subbifarious, ovate-lanceolate, concave, serrate,
with two short indistinct costs at base: areolation linear; the cellules
minute, slightly papillose, the marginal ones larger, conspicuous, three
or four at each of the basal angles, large, oblong, inflated. Capsule
minute, oblong, gibbous, horizontal: peristome (injured) evidently
hypnoid: pedicels numerous, long, slender. Pericheetial leaves fili-
formly attenuated, flexuose, serrate, papillose on the back. Male flow-

ers on the main stem, paraphysated. Operculum and calyptra not
seen.

Puate 13, 4A.—Hypnum tenursetum: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A branch. 2, 3,4. Leaves. 5, 6. Portions of leaves, showing
the reticulation. 7, 8,9. Capsules. 10. Portion of the double peri-
stome. 11. Perichetium. 12. Pericheetial leaf. 13. Male bud. 14.
The same, in the axil of a leaf. 15. Antheridium and paraphysis.—
Details magnified.

{7 Capsula pendula subequalis.

19. Hypnum arcuatom, Sulliv. (Tab. 12.)

EH. monoicum, plumulosum, delicatulum ; caule prostrato rectangulate
diviso, divisionibus dense pinnatis; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis ser-
rulatis ecostatis plus minus falcato-secundis lineari-areolatis ; capsulis
oblongis subequalibus pendulis, operculo hemispheerico-conico, pedicellis
longissimis apice valde arcuatis.

Hypnum arcuatum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. District of Puna, Hawaii, and East Maui, Sandwich Islands.

A délicate, feathery species, of a golden-yellow. Stems prostrate,
with a few short rectangular densely pinnate branches: the branch-
lets subcompressed. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, ecostate,
bifariously imbricated, subfalcato-secund, not crowded ; areolation mi-
‘nute, linear. Capsule suboval, nearly symmetrical, pendulous ; peri-
stome hypnoid, ciliolz short, single. Operculum hemispherico-conic ;

14

54 CRYPTOGAMIA.

pedicel smooth, long, slender, its upper part forming a large gradual
arch. Male flowers gemmiform, situated on the stem and its main
divisions. Antheridia 8-10, paraphysated.

Pruate 12, A.—Hypnum arcuatum: plant, of the natural size.
Fig.1. A plant. 2. Portion of the stem, with leaves. 3,4, 5,6. Leaves.
7, 8. Portions of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Cellules of the
same. 10. Perichetium. 11. Vaginula. 12. Perichzetial leaf. 13,14,
15,16. Capsules. 17. Same, in a dry state. 18. Portion of the double
peristome. 19. Vertical section of the same. 20. Male bud. 21. Anthe-
ridium and paraphysis. 22. Perigonial leaf—Analyses enlarged.

20. Hypnum sopate, Sulliv. (Tab. 12.)

H. diicum, pusillum, deplanato-ecespitans ; caule fasciculatim diviso,
divistonibus dense pinnatis ; foliis lanceolato-attenuatis falcatis secun-
dis vix serrulatis, costellis binis brevissimis, areolatione lineari ; capsula
ovalt pendula, operculo depresso-conico recte rostellato, pedicello longi-
usculo tenur.

Hypnum sodale, Sulliy. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)
Hypnum molluscoides, Sulliy. 1. ¢.

Has. Tahiti and Eimeo, Society Islands.

A small moss, of a soft, pliable texture, forming extended spongy
mats; foliage light-yellow. Stems procumbent, about two inches
long; fasciculately branched, closely and regularly pinnated as in
Hyprum molluscum. Leaves from a broad ovate base, gradually taper-
ing into long, falcate, secund points, scarcely serrulate, with two short
indistinct coste at base; areolation minute linear. Pericheetial leaves
linear-oblong, convolute, with attenuated spreading points. Capsule
minute, oval, pendulous, mouth large: teeth of the peristome lanceo-
late-subulate, articulations close; cilia carinate, imperforate, from a
broad plicate membrane; ciliole single, occasionally in pairs, unusu-
ally large, granular, sometimes rimose: annulus persistent. Opercu-
lum hemispherico-conic, with a short straight rostrum. Dioecious.

MUSOCLI, 55

Resembles very much, small forms of Hypnum molluscum, but has
differently-shaped capsules, and leaves less distinctly serrated.

PuatE 12, B—Hypnum sopate: plant, of the natural size. Fig. 1.
Part of a branch. 2, 3, 4. Leaves. 5. A leaf, showing the reticula-
tion. 6. Cellules. 7, 8,9. Capsules. 10. Portion of the double peri-
stome. 11. Portion of the annulus. 12, Perichetium. 13, 14. Pe-
richetial leaves.—Details magnified.

21. Hypyum Turuitum, Suiliv. (Tab. 10.)

Hf. monoicum ; caule prostrato extenso diviso densissime pinnato ; foliis
e bast constricta ovato-lanceolatis decurvo falcatis subrugulosis brevis-
sime bicostatis, cellulis linearibus ; capsula ovali plagiostoma annulata,
operculo convexo conico, pedicello flexuoso erecto,

Hypnum Tutuilum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Tutuila, Samoan or Navigator’s Islands.

~

Stems 4—5 inches long, slender, prostrate, with two or three main
divisions densely pinnate. Leaves from a constricted base, ovate-lan-
ceolate, decurved-falcate, serrulate, subrugulose, slightly bicestate at
base, areolation linear. Capsule suboval, pendulous, mouth slightly
oblique: teeth of the peristome lanceolate-subulate; the ciliole in
threes, equal in length to the cilia: operculum hemispherico-conic ;
pedicel smooth, long, erect, flexuous. Perichztial leaves with attenu-
ated reflexed serrate points. Monoicous: male flowers situated on the
main divisions of the stem, paraphysated.

Puate 10, A—Hyrenum Tvorvitum: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of stem and leaves. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Stem-leaves. 7.
Perichzetial leaf. 8, 9, 10. Portions of leaf, showing the reticula-
tion. 11, 12, 13. Capsules. 14. Portion of the double peristome.
15. Vertical section of the same. 16. Male bud. 17. Perigonial leaf.
18. Antheridium and paraphysis.—Analyses enlarged.

56 CRYPTOGAMIA.

+t} Capsula erecta equalis.

22. Hypnum microcarrum, C. Mill.

Hypnum microcarpum, C. Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 826, quoad. plant. Miche.
Leskea adnata, Michx. Flo. Americ. Bor. 2, p. 314.

Has. Forest at the Eastern base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

Sec. 3. Albescentia: pusilla ; caulis flaccidus repens vage ramosus ; folia
tenerrima undique vergentia ecostata.

23. HYPNUM ALBESCENS, Schweegr.
Hypnum albescens, Schweegr. Suppl. 8, 1, t. 226; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 279.

Has. Philippine Islands.

Sec. 4. Prelonga: Caulis prostratus vage vel pinnatim ramosus rigidi-
usculus folia e basi cordata ovato-acuminata continuo-costata.

24, Hypnum pratoneum, Linn.

Hypnum prelongum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1591; Bryol. Brit. p. 348.
Eurhynchium prelongum, Bryol. Europ. 5 athens Monogr. p. 8, t. 6.

Has. Forest at the Eastern base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

MUSOL, 57

25. Hypyum Orecanum, Sulliv. (Tab. 13.)

Hypnum Oreganum, Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. p. 172. (1849.)
Hypnum Stokesii, Mull. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 448, as to the Columbia River
specimens.

Has. Puget Sound, Oregon.

There is a very close affinity between this moss and Hypnum Stokesti,
Turn. Rigid examination, with a fuller suite of specimens of the lat-
ter species than are now at hand, may prove the Oregon moss to be
only a remarkable variety of the same. Compared with the descrip-
tion and figure of H. Stokesti, Turn., in the admirable Bryologia
Europza, our moss is larger and more robust: the stems are pros-
trate, creeping, 6-12 or more inches in length, once or twice divided,
regularly and closely pinnated, very similar in aspect to those of
Hyp. Crista-Castrensis (not with short divisions, simple below and
pinnated above, the pinnse decreasing rapidly in length towards the
ends of the divisions) : the leaves are of a thinner and firmer texture ;
the areolz longer and narrower: the basal angles not so convex
interiorly: and the perichetial leaves are reflexed (not simply
patent).

In this moss, as in H. Stokesii, are found, on the sides of the stems,
clusters of minute leaves (paraphyllia (?) Bryol. Europ.) surrounding
the germinating point of a branchlet.

PLATE 13, B—Hypnum OREGANUM: male and female plants, of the
natural size. Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2, 3, 4,5. Leaves. 6, 7, 8.
Portions of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Cross sections of leaf.
10,11, 12. Bud-leaves, or paraphyllia. 13, 14,15. Capsules. 16. Por-
tion of the double peristome. 17. Portion of the pedicel. 18. Peri-
chetium. 19, 20, 21. Perichetial leaves. 22. Male bud in the axil
of aleaf. 23. Male bud detached. 24. Perigonial leaves. 25. Anthe-
ridium and a paraphysis.— Details magnified.

15

58 CRYPTOGAMIA.

26. HypnuM IMPLEXUM, Kunze.

Hypnum implecum, Kunze. in schedulis e Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 445.
_ Rigodium impleaum (Kunze., Schwegr.), in Linn. 18, p. 559, t. 9.

Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Chili.

Sec. 5. Squarrosa: caulis ascendens robustus; folia reflexo-squarrosa
ecostata.

27. HypNuM ACICULARE, Brid.
Hypnum aciculare, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 105; Schwagr. Suppl. 1, 2, p. 280, t. 92.

Has. Lord Auckland’s Islands. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Tahiti,
Society Islands. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

The peculiar habit of this moss, its large coriaceous and somewhat
inflated calyptra, and the broad medial line of the teeth of the peri-
stome, indicate, as suggested by the authors of the Flora of New
Zealand, its being a new genus, for which they propose the name of
Ptychomnion.

28. Hypnum toreum, Linn.

Hypnum loreum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1593.
Hylocomium loreum, Bryol. Europ. 5, Hylo. Monogr. p. 7, t. 4.

Has. Oregon.

Sec. 6. Complanata : caulis decumbens parce divisus turgidiuscule com-
presso-foliosus ; folia polita obsolete bicostata.

29. Hypnum unpuLatum, Linn.

Hypnum undulatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1589.
Plagiothecium undulatum, Bryol. Europ. 5, Plagioth. Monogr. p. 17, t. 13.

Has. Fort Nisqually, Oregon.

MUSCI. 59

30. Hypnum DENTICULATUM, Diilen.

Hypnum denticulatum, Dillen. Hist. Muse. p. 266, Tab. 34, f. 5.
Plagiothecium denticulatum, Bryol. Europ. 5, Plagioth. Monogr. p. 12, t. 8.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

The specimens, as far as they go—being without flowers or fruit—
accord entirely with this species. Hypnum denticulatum, Fl. Antarct.
p. 111, from Hermite Island, has leaves filiformly acuminated, of a
delicate membranous texture, composed of pellucid slender cellules,
whose length is to their diameter about as 20 to 1: on it is founded
Plagiothecium Antarcticum, Bryol. Kurop.

31. Hypnum Draytont, Sulliv. (Tab. 14.)

H. dioicum majusculum laxe cceespitans; caulibus prostratis elongatis
tumide compressiusculis parce divisis ; foliis laxius imbricatis oblongis
ovato-oblongisve valde concavis obtusis, acumine brevi flexuoso termi-
natis subecostatis, cellulis angustissimis ; capsula horizontali gibboso-
ovata, pedicello longissimo, operculo conico brevius rostrato.

Hypnum Draytoni, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. District of Puna, also Forest at Eastern base of Mauna Kea,
Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

Grows in thin, loose, and extensive mats, of a light yellowish-green,
shining. Stems rather large, prostrate, 3-6 inches long, subcompressed,
turgid, with very few divisions or branches, often simple. Leaves
loosely and subbifariously imbricated, oblong or ovate-oblong, very
concave, obtuse, with an abrupt, short, slender, flexuous point, pellu-
cid; costa short; bifurcate; margin entire, not revolute; texture thin
and firm; cellules minute, linear, flexuous, condensed, those at the
base much shorter and broader. Capsule gibbous, short-ovate, hori-
zontal: pedicel 12-2 inches high, stiff, smooth: annulus conspicuous,

60 CRYPTOGAMIA.

double: operculum elongate-conic, subrostrate: calyptra cuculliform :
teeth of the peristome lanceolate-subulate, closely articulated; cilia
carinate, imperforate, from a very broad membrane; ciliolz in threes.
Perichetial leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, and oblong-lanceolate, the
inner ones sheathing at base, their upper half spreading, with margins
subconvolute and slightly crenate-undulate. Dioicous, male gemmezx
axillary, each containing numerous antheridia and paraphyses.

Puate 14, 4——Hypnum Drayrtonr: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of the stem, with leaves. 2, 3,4, 5. Leaves. 6, 7, 8.
Portions of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 9, 10, 11. Capsules.
12. Portion of the double peristome. 13. Portion of the annulus.
14. Operculum. 15. Perichetium. 16,17. Perichetial leaves. 18.
Male bud. 19. The same, in the axil of a stem-leaf. 20, 21. Perigo-
nial leaves, 22. Antheridium and a paraphysis.—Details enlarged.

32. Hypnum Euporam. Suilliv. (Tab. 14.)

H. dioicum ; ccespite laxa ; caule prostrato simplici vel paucirameo ; foliis
subbifariam imbricantibus ovato-oblongis valde concavis obtusis abrupte
tenuiter brevi-acuminatis angustissime lineari-areolatis breviter bicostel-
latis ; capsula cylindracea, subeequali suberecta clavellato-attenuata
longiuscule pedicellatu ; operculo conico brevi-rostrato.

Hypnum Eudore, Sulliy. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Has. Forest at the Eastern base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; also
Kaala Mountains, Oahu; Sandwich Islands.

Stems somewhat turgid, subcompressed, 2-23 inches long, scarcely
1 line wide, with but few branches, often simple, forming large, loose,
shining patches of a light golden color. Leaves loosely and bifariously
imbricated, ovate-oblong, obtuse, very concave, with an abrupt, short,
flexuous point, estriate, with two short indistinct. costs at base, mar-
gins entire, reticulation of very minute linear flexuous cellules. Peri-
cheetial leaves long, convolute, with attenuated and spreading points.

MUSCI. 61

Capsule long-cylindraceous, nearly symmetrical, sub-erect, tapering
gradually into the pedicel; mouth slightly oblique. Peristome pale
yellow, with two ciliole. Annulus double, large. Operculum conic-
rostrate, erect. Calyptra cuculliform. Vaginula conic-oblong, with-
out paraphyses. Dioicous: male gemmz paraphysated.

The smaller size of the whole plant, and the differently shaped cap-
sule, separate this from the preceding species, which in other respects
it closely resembles.

Puiate 14, B—Hypnum Evpor#: male and female plants, of the
natural size. Fig. 1. Portion of a branch, with leaves. 2, 3, 4, 5.
Leaves. 6, 7, 8. Portions of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 9, 10.
Capsules. 11. Peristeme, annulus, and portion of capsule. 12. Por-
tion of double peristome. 13. Operculum. 14. Perichetium. 15.
Pericheetial leaf. 16. Male bud. 17. Perigonial leaf. 18. Anthe-
ridium and paraphysis.—Details enlarged.

33. HypNUM BERTEROANUM, Mont.

Hypnum Berteroanum, Mont. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1845, p. 89; Miill. Synop. Muse.
Frond. 2, p. 2438.

Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso.

34. Hypnum pouitum, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Hypnum politum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 553; Flo. Antarct. p.
8, t. 154, f. 2.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.
Sec. 7. Tamariscina: caulis prostratus elasticus villosus dense bi-tri-pin-
natim ramosus ; folia late cordato-ovata subcontinuo-costata.

| Folia papillosa.

35. HypNuM CYMBIFOLIUM, Doz. et Molkb.

Hypnum cymbifolium, Doz. & Molkb. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1844, p. 306; Miill. Synop.

Muse. Frond. 2, p. 485. -

62 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Has. Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu. Southeast coast of the
District of Puna, forest at the eastern base of Mauna Kea; also at an
elevation of 8000 feet on Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Kaala Mountains,
East Maui, Sandwich Islands. Operculum and peristome, the same
asin Thuidium tamariscinum, Bryol. Europ.

36. Hypnum pLumuLosum, Doz. & Molkb.

Hypnum plumulosum, Doz. & Molkb. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1844, p. 808; Mill. Synop.
Muse. Frond. 2, p. 486.
Hypnum Meyenianum, Hmp. Ic. Muse. t. 8.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

+ 1 Folia levia.

37. Hypnum sSPLENDENS, Hedw.

Hypnum splendens, Hedw. Spec. Muse. p. 262, t. 67.
Hylocomium splendens, Bryol. Europ. 5 Hylo. monogr. p. 5, t. 1.

Haz. Oregon.

Sec. 8. Cuspidata: caulis prostratus ascendensve vage ramosus; rami
(ut folia ecostata) pungentes.

08. Hypnum CALDERENSE, Sulliv. (Tab. 15.)

A. robustum: caulibus prostratis, ramis erectis simplicibus ramulosisve
cuspidatis dense foliosis, foliis patentissimis vel horizontalibus subellip-
ticis longe acuminatis convolutis pungentibus ecostatis superne denticu-
latis, cellulis minutis linearibus subparenchymaticis oblique subseriatis,
alaribus permultis oblongis inflatis concentrice dispositis (flo. et fruct.
non visis).

Hypnum Calderense, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1855).

MUSCI. 63

Has. Caldera, Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands. Without
flowers or fruit.

A large and stiff species; foliage somewhat bristly, shining, yellow.
Main stem 4-6 inches long, prostrate, sparingly radiculose; branches
numerous, erect, 1-2 inches long, simple, or ramulose, they and the
ramuli cuspidate. Leaves crowded, widely spreading, almost hori-
zontal, ecostate, of a subelliptical outline, with a long linear often once
or twice twisted acumen (about 3 the length of the rest of the leaf) ;
margins more or less convolute, denticulate above; texture thin, firm,
and smooth, composed of very minute, linear pachydermous cellules,
indistinctly arranged in obliquely transverse lines; the cellules below
the middle of the leaf, exhibit a subcrenate outline. The large sub-
auriculate basal angles of the leaves are composed of numerous
(30-40) large transparent, inflated, oblong cellules of a deep golden
yellow, arranged in concentric lines.

Puate 15, B.—HypNnuM CALDERENSE, a barren plant, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2, 3,4, 5,6, 7, 8. Leaves. 9.
Portion of the base of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 10, 11. Por-
tions of upper part of a leaf, showing the same.—Details magnified.

Sec. 9. Papillata: caulis decumbens vel assurgens vage vel subpinnatim
ramosus, folia tenur-acuminata plus minus papillosa.
39. HypnumM PAPILLATUM, Harv.

Hypnum papillatum, Harv. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 18; Hook, Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 28,
f. 8; Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 273.

Has. Feejee Islands.

40. Hypnum punGens, Hedw.

Hypnum pungens, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 287, t. 60; Doz. & Molkb. Prod. Flo. Bryol.
Surin. p. 35, t. 19.

64 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Has. Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu; Mountains of Kauai,
Sandwich Islands.

41. Hypnum pickertneu, Sulliv. (Tab. 15.)

H. monoicum, pusillum, ceespitans ; caulibus ascendentibus ramosis, ramis
apice subuncinatis ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis filiformi-attenuatis plus
minus falcato-secundis ecostatis cellulis tenuissimis parce papillulosis,
alaribus magnis inflatis; capsula ovali subpendula, operculo longe
aciculari-rostrato, pedicello longiusculo superne grosse tuberculato.

Hypnum Pickeringii, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (January, 1854).

Has. Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu; District of Puna, Hawaii;
Sandwich Islands. Tahiti, Society Islands.

A small plumulose species, forming dark-yellow, compact mats.
Stem irregularly branched; the branches ascending and usually sub-
falcate at their summits. Leaves crowded, patent-incurved or slightly
falcato-secund, oblong-lanceolate, concave, gradually tapering into a
long filiform subtubulous serrated point, ecostate; cellules minute,
linear, more or less papillulose: at each of the basal angles are 2 or 3
large subquadrate, inflated yellowish cellules. Perichsetial leaves
oblong-convolute, suddenly tapering into a long, serrulate point.
Pedicel five or six lines long, slender, weak; above, strongly tubercu-
late; below, smooth. Capsule minute, oval subpendulous; mouth,
coral red. Teeth of the peristome light yellow, the medial line broad
and transparent; cilia from a broad membrane, perforated on the keel;
ciliole single. Operculum acicular-rostrate, long as the capsule. Cel-
lules of the cuculliform calyptra, spirally arranged. Monoicous: male
gemme containing three or four antheridia, paraphysated.

This species, compared with Hypnum scaberrulum, Mont. has the
upper half only (not the entire length) of the pedicel, tuberculate.
Its leaves are much less falcate, and are slightly (not strongly) papil-
lose.

Hypnum hamatum, Doz. & Molkb. has remarkably long, secund,
hamato-falcate leaves, with cellules destitute of papillae, and shorter

MUSOCI. 65

than in either of the above species; its pedicel, however, is tubercu-
late on the upper part only.

Miiller (Synop. Muse. frond. 2, p. 272) unites H. hamatum with ZH.
scaberrulum, but according to authentic specimens from their authors,
they are distinct.

Piate 15, A.—Hypnum Pickerineir: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2, 3,4. Leaves. 5, 6, 7, 8. Portions
of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Base of a leaf. 10, 11, 12,
13. Capsules. 14. Portion of the double peristome. 15. Side view
of a tooth of the peristome. 16. Calyptra. 17. Perichetium. 18,
19. Perichsetial leaves. 20. Male bud. 21. Antheridium and peri-
gonial leafi—Analysis enlarged.

42. Hypnum crinitum, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Hypnum crinitum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 8, p. 555; Flo. New Zea-
land, p. 114, t. 91, f. 4.

Has. Lord Auckland’s Islands.

A variable and widely distributed moss, found in New South Wales,
Tasmania, New Zealand, and Auckland’s Islands, but rarely in fruit.
Small in size, and of a color varying between pale green, rufous, and
dull yellow ; ramification variable, usually fasciculately branched ; the
branches mostly short, closely, pinnately, and bipinnately ramulose,
sometimes considerably extended, simply and distantly pinnated, as
in the figure above cited (where the plant is represented too large) :
stems somewhat firm, elastic, reddish, conspicuous through the leaves,
which are always more or less papillose, varying in this respect in
different leaves on the same branch.

Hypnum acutifolium, Hook. fil. & Wils. (Hyp. extenuatum, Brid. ?)
with leaves gradually, not abruptly filiformi-acuminate, may be a form
of this species. Hypnum tanytrichum, Mont., is a nearly related spe-
cies, but has julaceous branches, and broadly obovate, more membra-
nous leaves, with a closer and more linear areolation.

Sec. 10. Cochlearifolia: caulis prostratus vago parce vel subpimnatim
ramosus ; folia orbiculari-ovata valde concava obsolete bicostata.
17

66 CRYPTOGAMIA.

43. HYPNUM COCHLEARIFOLIUM, Schweegr.

Hypnum cochlearifolium, Schweegr. Suppl. 1, 2, p. 221, t. 88.
Hypnum flexile, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 110.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

44, HYPNUM CHLAMYDOPHYLLUM, Hook. fil. & Wiis.

Hypnum chlamydophyllum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 2, p. 552; Flo.
Antarct. p. 189 ; H. arcuatum, Mont. e Mitten in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1856, p. 264.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

45. Hyprum apertum, Sulliv. (Tab. 16.)

H. monoicum: caule prostrato elongato remote subpinnatim ramoso ;
ramis inequalibus complanatis ; foliis lawis bifariis oblique orbiculari-
ovatis acuminulatis modice concavis ecostatis concinne el liptico-areolatis ;
capsula truncato-ovali horizontali pendulave, operculo convexo-conico,

Hypnum apertum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.

Var. f. condensatum: statura minore ; caulibus assurgentibus densius pinnato-ramo-
sis; foliis longius tenuiter acuminatis.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands; var. 3. Sandwich Islands.

A medium-sized pale yellow, shining moss, forming extensive mats.
Stems 4-6 inches long, sparingly pinnately branched; branches flat,
of unequal lengths. Leaves ovate and orbicular-ovate, concave, more
or less oblique, bifariously directed, distant, acuminulate, entire, ecos-
tate, of a firm and thin texture, with a small, neatly defined, elliptical,
or fusiform areolation. Capsule subgibbose-oblong, horizontal or pen-
dulous. Peristome hypnoid; ciliole, 2. Annulus double. Opercu-
lum hemispherico-conic. Calyptra not seen. Pedicel erect, flexuous,
smooth, an inch or more long. Pericheetial leaves oblong, convolute,
with long, flexuous points. Monoicous: male flower minute, situated

MUSCL. 67

on the main stem; perigonial leaves broad, ovate; antheridia 5—7.
Paraphyses present in both flowers.

The variety from the Sandwich Islands is smaller, and has a more
condensed mode of growth, the stems assurgent, and closely pinnately
branched, with more crowded and longer acuminated leaves.

Piate 16, B—Hypnoum Apertum: plant, of the natural size. Fig.
1. Portion of branch, with leaves. 2. Leaf. 38. Part of leaf, show-
ing the reticulation. 4. Cellules of the same. 5, 6. Capsules. 7.
Portion of peristome. 8. Perichetium. 9, 10. Perichetial leaves.
11. Male bud. 12. Antheridia. 13. Vaginula.

C—Var. 8. ConpENnsatUM: plant, of the natural size. Fig. 1. Por-

tion of a branch. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Leaves. 8. Leaf, showing the
reticulation. 9. Capsule. 10. Vaginula. 11. Male bud. 12. An-
theridium. 13. Perichetium. 14. Pericheetial leaf. 15. Portion of
peristome.—Details enlarged.

Sec. 11. Cinclidotoidea: caulis fluitans pluries divisus, folia lurido-viri-
dia oblongo-lanceolata, costa-continua, margimibus incrassatis.
46, Hypnum conspissatum, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Hypnum conspissatum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 553; Flo. Antarct.
p- 419, t. 155, f. 3.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia; barren.

47. Hypnum timBatum, Sulliv. (Tab. 16).

H. cinclidotoideum fluitans elongatum ramosissimum laxifolium ; foliis
oblongo vel lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis rigidis modice carinato-con-
cavis costa dorso versus apicem serrata percursis incrassato-limbatis
superne serratis, cellulis oblongis subopacis (fl. et fr. deficientibus).

Hypnum limbatum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1859).

Has. New Zealand, on stones in the bottom of streams.

68 CRYPTOGAMIA.

A species with the habit and aspect of Cinclidotus. Color blackish
green. Stems attached at base only by a dense mass of rootlets; 5-7
inches long, divided into numerous long, floating, sparsely ramulose
branches. Leaves distant, patent either in a dry or moist state, occa-
sionally with a tendency to twist; oblong, or linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, slightly carinate-concave, serrulate above, with a strong continu-
ous costa, which is serrate on the back near the apex; margins with a
thickened border resembling the costa; texture firm, dense; cellules
rather minute; those above oblong, sub-opaque, with the primordial
utricle more or less distinct ; those below, linear-oblong, subpellucid.

Hypnum conspissatum, which this species very much resembles, is a
somewhat larger plant, with leaves more crowded; falcato-secund less
oblong, more gradually acuminate, and long-cuspidate by the excur-
rent costa; the margins are not serrate, nor the costa on the back near
the apex: moreover, the reticulation is smaller.

PiatE 16, A.—Hypnum Limpatum: plant, of the natural size. Fig.
1, 2. Portions of stems with leaves. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Leaves. 8. Cross
section of leaf. 9. Portion of base of leaf, showing the reticulation.
10. Point of leaf, showing the same. 11. Cellules of leaf.—Details
enlarged.

Sec. 12. Uncinata: caulis ascendens fastigiato-divisus ; folia falcato-
secunda unicostata.
48. Hypnum apuncum, Hedw.

Hypnum aduncum, Hedw. Stirp. Crypt. 4, p. 62, t. 24; Bryol. Europ. 6, Hyp.
Monogr. p. 35, t. 24.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Andes (as high as the snow-line),
behind Santiago, Chili. Specimens from both localities barren.

49. Hypnum riurrans, Linn.

Hypnum fluitans, Linn. Flo. Suec. ed. 2, p. 899; Bryol. Europ. 6, Hyp. Monogr. p.
33, t. 22.

MUSCI. 69
Has. Snow-line of the Andes, behind Santiago, Chill.

Sec. 13. Pterygophylloidea : caulis prostratus complanatus subpinnatus ;
folia asymmetrice ovato-acuminata obsoletissime bicostata.

50. Hypnum MONTAGNEI, Schimp.

Hypnum Montagnet, Schimp. in Schedulis; Mont. Hist. Phys. Nat. Cuba, Crypt. p.
489, t. 19, f. 3.
Pterygophyllum Montagnei, Belan. Voy. Ind. Orient. Cryptog. p. 85, pl. 9, f. 1.

Has. Feejee Islands.

Sec. 14. Plumosa : caulis prostratus vage ramosus ; folia ovato-lanceolata
subcontinuo-costata.

51. Hypnum pLumosum, Linn.

Hypnum plumosum, Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1592.
Hypnum pseudo-plumosum, Brid. Bryol. univ. 2, p. 472.
Brachythecium plumosum, Bryol. Europ. 6, Brachyth. monogr. p. 4, t. 3.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands. Sandwich Islands.

52. Hypnum WILKESIANUM, Sulliv. (Tab. 17.)

H. dioicum majusculum rigidum ; caulibus prostratis paucirameis, ramis
elongatis erectis attenuatis; foliis ovato-lanceolatis concavis reguloso-
striutis toto ambitu serrulatis dense oblongo-areolatis evanido-costatis ;
capsula cylindraceo-oblonga subcequali erecta subulato-operculata longe
pedicellata.

Hypnum Wilkesianum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854).

Has. Southeast coast of the District of Puna. Forest at the eastern
base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii; also Kaala Mountains, Kauai; Sand-

wich Islands.
18

70 CRYPTOGAMIA.

A large rigid species forming extended loose mats, of a dingy yellow
color. Stems 3-5 inches long, prostrate, with a few ascending, elon-
gated, slightly compressed branches. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, concave,
patent-divergent, somewhat incurved, rugulose-striate, at base saccate-
plicate; margins narrowly reflexed, serrulate; costa strong, reaching
nearly to the point; texture firm, thin, composed of minute oblong
cellules. Perichsetial leaves numerous; the exterior subsquarrose ;
the interior sub-erect, with long, flexuous, filiform, serrate points.
Capsule cylindraceous-oblong, erect, sub.symmetrical, gradually taper-
ing into the pedicel; mouth slightly oblique. Annulus simple.
Operculum about as long as the capsule, the rostrum erect, from a
conic base. Pedicel slender, flexuous, two or more inches long, aris-
ing from near the base of the branchlets. Teeth of the peristome
closely articulated, linear-subulate; cilia about the length of the teeth,
slender, carinate from a broad membranous base; ciliolse rudimentary.
Columella emergent. Sporules large. Archegonia 40-50. Dioicous:
male plant smaller than the female. Antheridia 35-40. Paraphyses
abundant in both flowers.

Pate 17, B—Hypnum Witkestanum: male and female plants, of
the natural size. Fig. 1. Portion of stem, with leaves. 2, 3, 4, 9.
Leaves. 6. Cross-sections of same. 7, 8, 9. Portions of leaves, show-
ing the reticulation. 10. Perichetium. 11. Perichetial leaf. 12.
Vaginula and paraphyses. 13. Male bud.‘ 14. Perigonial leaves.
16. Antheridium and paraphysis. 16, 17, 18. Capsules. 19. Por-
tion of double peristome. 20. Calyptra.—Details enlarged.

Sec. 15. Hispida : caulis elongatus parce divisus hispidulo-foliosus ; folia
cordato-lanceolata costa valida longe excurrente aristata,

03. Hypnum uispipum, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Hypnum hispidum, Hook. f. & Wils. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 552; Flo. Anturct.
p- 140, t. 61, f. 2. r

Hypnum aristatum, Sulliy. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1854.)

Trichostomum rigidifolium, Tayl. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 616.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

MUSCIL. 71

2. ISOTHECIUM, Brid.

1. IsoTHECIUM MYOSUROIDES, Grid.

Isothecium myosuroides, Brid. Bryol. univ. 2, p. 369; Bryol. Europ. 5. Isoth. monogr.
p. 7, t. 2.

Var. f. Stolonibus deficientibus ; pedicellis crassiusculis non tortilibus, operculis bre-
viusculis ; foliis ramulinis magis linearibus grossius serratis dorso versus apicem

papillosis.
Has. Coast south of Gray’s Harbor, Port Discovery, Puget Sound ;
a. Mt. Rainier; Oregon.

8 PYLAISEHA, Bryol. Hurop.

Pylaisea, Bryol. Europ. 5 Pylais. Monogr. p. 1.

1. PYLAISEA SEMINERVIS, [unze.

Leskea seminervis, Kunze; Schwegr. Suppl. 2, 8, t. 278.
Hypnum seminerve, Mill. Synop. Muse. frond. 2, p. 244.

Has. Chili, vicinity of Valparaiso.

Tribe 19. NECKEREZ.
1. NECKERA, Hedw.
1. NECKERA SCABRIDENS, C. Mull.
Neckera scubridens, ©. Mill. Bot.. Zeit. 1847, p. 828; Synop. Muse. 2, p. 51.

Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Chili.

P4 CRYPTOGAMIA.

2. NECKERA DENDROIDES, Hook.

Neckera dendroides, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 69.

Has. Kaala Mountains, Oahu; Mauna Kea, Hawaii; Sandwich
Islands. Also Feejee Islands.

3. NeckERA Dovuciasu, Hook.

Neckera Douglasti, Hook. Bot. Miscel. 1830, p. 131, t. 35.

Has. Port Discovery, Oregon. A few slender, flexuous stems (two
inches long), apparently belonging to this species, and furnished with
male buds, were found among other mosses from this locality.

4. NeckerA LEPINEANA, Mont.

Neckera Lepineana, Mont. Aun. Sec. Nat. 1848, p. 107.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Upolu, Samoan Group; also Feejee
Islands.

5. NECKERA PHYLLOGONIoIDES, Sulliv. (Tab. 17.)

NV. pusilla; caule repente radiculoso squamiformi-folioso ; ramis frondi-
Sormi-complanatis erectis simplicibus lineari-lanceolatis 3 foltis patenti-
divergentibus arctissime imbricantibus lineari-oblongis e basi ultra
medium complicatis dehine navicularibus, extremo apice leniter recurvo,

cellulis minutissimis linearibus, apicialibus rhombeis, basilaribus oblon-
gis amplioribus.

Neckera phyllogonoides, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1855.)

Has. Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands.

MUSCI. 73

Main stem slender, creeping, furnished with fascicles of rootlets,
and with scale-like, triangular, elongated, acute leaves. The branches
erect, simple, 8-12 lines high, and 14-2 lines wide, frondiform, of a
linear-lanceolate outline. Leaves bright green, shining, bifariously
directed, very closely imbricate, obscurely bicostellate at base, linear
complicate below; near and at the oblique apex cymbiform, the
extreme point short, acute, and slightly recurved; texture of the
leaves firm and thin; the cellules in the middle portion minute,
linear; those near the apex wider, rhomboidal; those at the base and
its angles, oblong, quadrate, large, and somewhat pellucid.—No flowers
or fruit seen.

The plant has very much the appearance of a Phyllogonium, but
its leaves are not distichously inserted upon the stem.

Puate 17, A.—NecKERA PHYLLOGONOIDES: plant, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. A plant. 2. Portion of stem, with leaves. 38, 4, 5, 6,
7. Leaves. 8, 9, 10. Portions of same, showing the reticulation.
11. Leaf of base of stem. 12,13. Leaves of the rhizoma.—Details
magnified.

2 OMALIA, Brid.

1. OMALIA PULCHELLA, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Omalia. pulchella, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. New Zeal. p. 114, t. 91, f. 1.
Hookeria punctata, Hook. fil. & Wils. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1844, p. 559.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

8. TRACHYLOMA, Brid.

1. TRACHYLOMA PLANIFOLIUM, Hook.

Trachyloma planifolium, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 278.
Neckera planifolia, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 23.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
19

74 CRYPTOGAMIA.

All the specimens of the collection belong to the male plant, which
appears not to have been heretofore described. They are remarkable
for having the axis of their branches prolonged, naked, or furnished
with distant minute leaflets, and beset at its apex with oblong cylin-
drical, articulated, brownish bodies (aerial rootlets, Br. & Sch.), like
those on the apex of the leaves of Calymperes and Drepanophyllum.
Male buds numerous in the axils of the ordinary leaves; antheridia
12-14 linear-oblong, their pedicel rather long; paraphyses few linear.

; Tribe 20. PILOTRICHES:.
l. PILOTRICHUM, Bria.

1. Prnorricnum Vitranum, Sudliv. (Tab. 18.)

P. majusculum ; eaule repente subterraneo tandem ascendente pinnatim —
(raro sub-bipinnatim) ramoso; ramis robustis interdum apice attenu-
atis microphyllis; foliis ramets spiraliter quinquefariis confertissimis
e basi coarctata oblongis valde cymbiformi-concavis abrupte lineari-
acuminatis ecostatis superne subserratis, cellulis minute lineari-fusifor-
mibus, inferroribus subcrenatis (cat. non lectis).

Pilotrichum Vitianum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1855.

Has. Feejee Islands —Without flowers or fruit.

Plant large and somewhat rigid, with bright yellow foliage. Stem
4—6 inches long, its lower half simple, horizontal, subterranean, leaf-
less; its upper half suddenly erect, and pinnately branched. The
plant is multiplied by flagellee, or stolons from the base of its upright
portion, thus having the appearance of a lengthened rhizoma throw-
ing up at intervals leafy divisions. Leaves patent-divergent, very
closely imbricating in five distinct, spiral rows, oblong, from a con-
tracted sub-amplexicaul base, strongly cymbiform-concave, suddenly
constricted into a linear, acute, subserrulate point, which forms about
one-third of the entire length of the leaf; texture thin and firm, cel-
lules very minute, linear, of a uniform size throughout, except at the

MUSCL | 75

base, where they are shorter and broader, and of a deep, red color.
The axis of a branch is sometimes prolonged and furnished with a
‘few ramuli, all of which are clothed with minute, lance-linear, acute,
appressed leaves.

Pirate 18, A.—PiLotricnum VitTiaANum: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A branch. 2. Portion of a branch with leaves. 3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8. Leaves. 9,10, 11. Portions of leaves, showing the reticulation.
12. Base of leaf, with portion of stem.—Details magnified.

2 ENDOTRICHUM, Doz. & Molkl.

1. Enpotricoum pENSUM, Dz. & Mob.
Endotrichum denswm, Muse. Frond. Ined. p. 3, t. 1.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Also Feejee Islands.

2. ENDOTRICHUM ELEGANS, Dz. & Md.
Endotrichum elegans, Dz. & Mb. Muse. Frond. Ined. p. 4, t. 2.

Has. Upolu, one of the Samoan Islands.

3. ENDOTRICHUM SETIGERUM, Sulliv. (Tab. 18.)

E. dioicum robustwm molle; caule repente radiciformi, ramis ascenden-
tibus elongato-claveeformibus turgide foliosis ; foliis permagnis confertis
ellipticis acuwminulatis valde plicatis superne serrulatis ecostatis, cellulis
exilissimis subseriatis ; pericheetiis exiguis immersis capsulam ovato-
cylindraceam includentibus, pericheetialibus setigeris.

Pilotrichum setigerum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.
Esenbeckia cuspidata, Mitten. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 1856, p. 263.?

Has. Feejee Islands.

76 CRYPTOGAMIA.,

A large species, with soft, shining, yellow foliage. Probably dioicous.
The principal stem creeping, subterranean, leafless; branches fascicled,
mostly simple, ascending, 2-3 inches long, thick, tumid, obtuse, sub-
clavate. Leaves crowded, erect-patent, elliptical, acuminulate, strongly
plicate, serrulate above, ecostate ; of a thin and firm texture; cellules
of the leaf minute, linear (their length to their diameter as 10 to 1),
arranged in somewhat transverse rows, those at the base of the leaf
shorter and broader, reddish-orange. Pericheetia, for the size of the
plant, very small, immersed in the leaves near the top of the branches.
Capsule more than half concealed in the perichetial leaves, ovate-
cylindrical, with a very short, erect pedicel. The lower perichetial
leaves ovate and lanceolate, long-acuminate; the upper ones elongated-
oblong, suddenly acuminate, not plicate, strongly and irregularly den-
tate above; the costa commencing a little below the apex of their
lamina, and extending into a long, straight, rigid, dentate seta. Teeth
of the peristome linear, acuminate, closely articulated, transversely
striolate, with a broad, median line; the basal membrane of the cilia,
broad and plicate; rostrum of the operculum straight and long.
Calyptra mitriform, scarcely covering the operculum. Archegonia
about 24, with paraphyses half their length.

This species has a strong resemblance to Pilotrichum plicatum, C.
Mull. but its peristome and perichetial leaves are widely different.
The capsules in our specimens are either too old or too young for a
satisfactory examination.

PLATE 18, B—Ewnporricuum seticERuM: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A branch, showing the position of the fruit. 2, 3. Leaves.
4. Portion of a leaf, showing the reticulation. 5. Cellules of the
same. 6. Base of leaf, with portion of stem. 7. Strap-shaped leaves,
or paraphyllia, at the base of the perichetial branch. 8, 9. Cross-sec-
tions of a leaf. 10. Young capsule, with operculum and calyptra.
11. Old capsule. 12. Young capsule. 13. Calyptra. 15. Periche-
tium, with capsule. 16. Peristome, mutilated. 17, 18. Perichetial
leaves.— Details magnified.

MUSCI. 17

3. METEORIUM, Bria.

_ The plants ranged under this genus are very imperfectly known:
they all agree in having slender, pendulous stems.

1. METEORIUM FLEXICAULE, Jay.
Leskea flexicaule, Tayl. Flo. N. Zeal. p. 101.

Has. Savai, Samoan Group. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands.
Waya-Rua Bay, New Zealand.

2. METEORIUM BRASILIENSE, Sulliv. (Tab. 19.)

M. dicicum robustum, caule primario repente filiformi aphyllo secun-
dario pendulo longissimo ramoso ; foliis laxiusculis permagnis e basi
cordata orbiculari-ovata amplexante erecta plus minus horizontalibus
oblongo-lanceolatis convolutis subito in pilum folio fere duplo longiorem
productis subecostatis scariosis minutissime lineari-areolatis ; flo. mase.
et fruct. non visis.

Meteorium Brasiliense, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1855.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil; growing on the branches of trees.

A large moss, with a pendulous mode of growth. Foliage glossy ;
the older bright chestnut, the newer pale yellowish-green. Primary
stem leafless, radiciform, tomentose with short rootlets; the secondary
stems 2~—7 inches in length, rather rigid, flexuous, simple or divided,
with a few short branchlets placed mostly at right angles. Leaves
nearly three lines in length (including the hair-point), loosely imbri-
cating, spreading horizontally, from a large, cordate, orbicular-ovate
amplexicaul, and erect base; the horizontal part oblong-lanceolate,
the margins strongly inflexed, suddenly tapering into a somewhat

rigid, slightly serrulate hair-point, about as long as the rest of the leaf;
20

78 CRYPTOGAMIA.

texture membranaceous, firm, composed of very minute, linear, sub-
fusiform, translucent cellules; those at the base of the leaf (for three
or four rows deep) shorter, and much broader, opaque, and of a deep,
orange-red color. Perichzetia small, axillary; the leaves ecostate;
the lower ovate awnless, recurved at apex; the upper erect, convolute,
oblong, somewhat obtuse, hair-pointed, as in the branch-leaves; the
interior shorter, broader, usually awnless, with a pellucid repand
margin above; archegonia 23-28, of the usual form, accompanied by
linear paraphyses of very unequal lengths, and by filiform processes
(abortive leaves), double the length of the archegonia.

Piate 19, B—METEORIUM BRASILIENSE: plant, of the natural size
(inverted by mistake of the engraver). Fig. 1. Portion of a branch.
2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Leaves. 7, 8. Portion of leaf, showing the reticulation.
9. Cellules of leaf. 10. Perichztium. 11, 12. Perichetial leaves.—
Analyses enlarged.

3. METEORIUM MACRANTHUM, Doz. & Molkb.
Meteorium macranthum, Doz. & Molkb. Prod. Flo. Bryol. Surinam, p- 47, t. 12.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

4. MrrrorIuM MAUIENSE, Sulliv. (Tab. 19.)

M. caulibus longissimis pendulis flexilibus pinnato-ramosis, ramis distan-
tibus simplicibus raro ramulosis interdum filiscenti-attenuatis micro-
phyllis ; foliis indistincte 4-5 fariis laxius imbricantibus e basi auri-
culato-cordata amplectante oblongo-obovatis obtusatis brevi-apiculatis
eymbiformi-concavis, marginibus e medio ad apicem late inflewis, cel-
lulis lineari-oblongis, illis utraque ala subquadratis aurantiacis in dis-
culum dispositis.

Meteorium Mauiense, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1855.

Has. East Maui, Sandwich Islands; on the north bank of the
crater Haleakala.

MUSCL. 79

Plant, growing in large, loose masses, older parts of a bright, brown-
ish-yellow, the newer of a pale greenish color. Main stems pendu-
lous, 12-18 inches in length, flexile, pinnately branched. Branches
simple, rarely ramulose, 1-3 inches long, somewhat distantly placed
at right angles on the stem, flexuous, flaccid, the older ones near the
base of the stem occasionally much elongated by a newer and more
slender growth, having smaller leaves. Leaves arranged in four or
five indistinct spiral rows, loosely imbricating, patent, from an auricu-
late, cordate base, oblong-obovate, obtuse, apiculate, very concave, the
margins of the upper half widely inflexed; texture thin, firm, smooth,
and translucent; areolation minute, composed of linear, obtuse-ended,
thick-walled, and crenate cellules. In each of the basal angles of the
leaves, is a deep, orange-colored, thickened disc, composed of numerous
subquadrate cellules.

Puate 19, A—Merrorrum MAUIENSE: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A branch. 2, 3, 4, 5. Leaves. 6, 7, 8. Portions of leaf,
showing the reticulation.—Details enlarged.

5. Mereorrum nitipum, Sulliv. (Tab. 20.)

M. dioicum ; caulibus pendulis longissimis tenuibus distanter ramulosis,
ramulis caule crassioribus brevibus cuspidatis seepe binatim ternatimve
fasciculatis ; foliis caulinis laxis subappressis lineali-la nceolatis longe
attenuatis, rameis patentibus confertis oblongo-ellipticis valde cymbili-
formi-concavis subito longissime jiliformi-attenuatis mediotenus costatis,
cellulis linearibus, alaribus subquadratis griseis ; perichetiis lateral-
bus ramigenis subsessilibus, capsula immersa cylindraceo-oblonga.

Meteorium nitidum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1855.
Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil; on trees.

Dioicous. Plant, pale green, shining, growing in large, loosely-
entangled masses. The basal portion (apparently horizontal) of the
stem, closely pinnate by simple julaceous branches 6-10 lines long;
the remaining portion pendulous, 7—12 inches in length, slender, flex-
uous, sparingly divided; the divisions having, at long intervals, short,
straight, cuspidate branches, often in fascicles of twos and threes,

80 CRYPTOGAMIA.

placed at right angles to, and thicker than the stem. Leaves of the
branches erect-patent, closely imbricating, from a narrow base, oblong-
elliptical, cymbiform-concave, produced suddenly into a long, flexuous,
subdentate hair-point, nearly as long as the rest of the leaf; texture
membranaceous, smooth, and firm; areolation minute; cellules linear,
parenchymatous; those composing the alar discs numerous, larger,
looser, subquadrate, and of a light grayish color; costa slender, trans-
lucent, ceasing abruptly in the middle of the leaf. The leaves of the
stem and its main divisions are thinner, more distant, subappressed,
elongated, and gradually tapering into a more slender and flexuous
point. Perichzetia rare, sessile, lateral on the older branches; arche-
gonia 10-12; paraphyses long, filiform, about 20-septate, and occa-
sionally reticulated at their base. Capsule immersed, oblong-elliptical ;
pedicel very short ; teeth of the peristome long, linear-subulate, orange
red, with perforations along the axis; cilia (injured) much shorter,
subulate, carinate, arising from a narrow membrane.

Piate 20, B—MeETEoRIUM NiTIDUM: plant, of the natural size. Fig.
1. Portions of one of the main divisions of the stem, and of one of
the branches, showing the position of the fruit. 2, 8, 4, 5. Leaves of
the stem. 6,7. Branch leaves. 8. Portion of the base of a branch
leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Upper portion of branch leaf, show-
ing the same. 10, 11. Cellules of the leaf. 12. Perichextium, inclos-
ing capsule. 13, 14, 15. Perichetial leaves. 16. Capsule and a
paraphysis. 17. Portion of peristome.—Details magnified.

6. Mergzorium PAtuLUM, Doz. & Molkb.
Meteorium patulum, Doz. & Molkb. Prod. Flo. Bryol. Surinam, p. 21, t. 10.
Hypnum patulum, Swartz. Prod. Flo. Ind. Occid. p. 140; Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 279,
t. 73.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

7. Mrrgorium orinitum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 20.)

M. nitido simillimum, distat tamen ramis efasciculatis ; folits laxius im-
bricatis magis elongatis multo longius filiformi-attenuatis densius reti-
culatis, cellulis alaribus intense aurantiaco-rubris nec griseis.

MUSCLI 81

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

There is only a small, sterile fragment of this species in the collec-
tion. It appears, however, to furnish characters sufficient to distin-
guish it from any other described species.

Puate 20, A.—Mereorium crinitum: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A branch. 2, 3, 4, 5. Leaves. 6. Portion of the base of a
leaf, showing the reticulation. 7. Point of a leaf, showing the same.
—Details enlarged.

8. METEORIUM HELICTOPHYLLUM, Mont.
Meteorium helictophyllum, Mont. in Voy. Pole. Sud. Crypt. p. 322.

Has. Savai, one of the Navigator's Islands. Tahiti, Society
Islands.

9, METEORIUM FLORABUNDUM, Doz. & Molkb.

Leskea florabunda, Doz. & Molkb. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1844, 2, p. 310.
Hypnum florabundum, 0, Miill. Synop. Muse. 2, p. 269.

- Has. Samoan, or Navigator’s Islands.

10. Mereorrum Vittanum, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 21.)

M. majusculum ; caulibus longissimis pendulis divisis rectangulate ramo-
sis ramis distantibus simplicibus vel pauci-ramulosis ; foliis horizonta-
libus luais bifariis e basi lata cordata-ovata lanceolatis filiformi-attenu-
atis toto ambitu serratis semi-costatis plicato- et ruguloso-implanis,
cellulis minutissimis lineari-fusiformibus unipapillosis (flo. et fruct.
non. lectis).

Has. Feejee Islands: upon trees.
21

82 CRYPTOGAMIA.

A large species growing in loose and extensive masses. Stems
flexuous, pendulous, 6-8 inches long, variously divided; branches dis-
tant, 1-3 inches long, simple or sparingly ramulose. Leaves hori-
zontal, loose, bifarious, from a broad cordate-ovate base, lanceolate,
filiformly attenuated, serrate from the base to the apex ; costa reach-
ing half way; texture thin and firm, composed of minute, linear-fusi-
form cellules, each having a single papilla in the middle.

Resembles Meteorium longissimum, Doz. & Molkb. (Muse. Frond.
Ined. p. 159, t. 48), but the leaves of that species are undulate on
the margins, have a shorter acumination,-and are not papillose.

Puate 21, A—Mereor1um vittanum: plant, of the natural size.
(Inverted by an error of engraver.) Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2,
3, 4. Leaves. 6. Portion of base of leaf, showing the reticulation.
6. Point of leaf, showing the same. 7. Cellules of the leaf. 8. Peri-
cheetium. 9,10. Perichetial leaves. 11. Archegonia and paraphyses.
—Details enlarged.

11. Merrortum moe, Hedw.

Meteorium molle, Hedw.; Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. N. Zeal. p- 100.
Leskea mollis, Hedw. Muse. Frond. 4, t. 40.

Has. Bay of Islands. New Zealand.

12. Mrrrorium tricHopnorum, Mont.

Isothecium trichophorum, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1848, p. 236.
Neckera trichophora, C. Miill. Synop. Muse. 2, p. 180.

Haz. Forest at the base of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich
Islands.

13. METEoRIUM cIRRHIFOLIUM, Schwegr.
Meteorium cirrhifolium, Schwegr. Suppl. t. 218; Horusch. Flo. Brazil, p. 90.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

MUSCI. 83

Tribe 21. HOOKERIZ.

1 HOLOBLEPHARUM, Doz. & Molkb.

1. HorosterHarum Tarrensis, Sulliv. (Tab. 23.)

H, dioicum, caule repente pinnato ; foliis laxe bifariis ellipticis acumi-
natis cymbiformi-concavis breviter bicostellatis sub apice undulato-con-
strictis lineart-areolatis papillulosis, marginibus reflexis serratis, pert-
cheetialibus plicatis ciliato-dentatis superne dorso papillosis ; capsula
erectvuscula cylindraceo-oblonga subineequalt, operculo longe aciculari-
rostrato, pedicello breviusculo superne tuberculoso, calyptra elongato-
conico-mitriformi pilosa basi fimbriata, fimbriis loriformibus denticu-
latis.

Hookeria Taitensis, Sulliy. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.
Has. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands.

Stem mostly simple, 3 to 4 inches long, creeping, closely adhering
by rootlets along its entire length, simply pinnate; branches 4 to 6
lines long, crowded, obtuse. Leaves loosely and bifariously placed,
spreading, elliptical, short-acuminate, concave, slightly striate, undu-
late-constricted below the point, serrulate, shortly bicostate, subpel-
lucid, yellowish-green, shining; areolation of minute linear papillu-
lose cellules, those at the point broader and shorter. Perichetial
leaves erect, oblong, lanceolate, plicate, ciliate-dentate, very strongly
papillose on the back. Vaginula oblong, without paraphyses;
attached to its upper end are a few strap-shaped processes like the
fimbriz on the base of the calyptra. Capsula oblong-cylindrical,
with an oblique mouth, gradually tapering into an erect pedicel,
which is muriculate on its upper half only, and springs from the
lower part of the branches. Teeth of the exterior peristome linear-
lanceolate, attenuated, very closely articulated, with a narrow median
line, prominently lamellose on the interior face; cilia of the inner

84 CRYPTOGAMIA.

peristome linear, carinate, imperforate, arising from a narrow mem-
brane; ciliole rudimentary. Columella large, conspicuous, Annulus
none. Operculum long as the capsule, subulate rostrate, from a sub-
conic base. Calyptra elongated-mitreeform, densely hispid, with erect,
simple, or jointed hairs, and furnished at base, which is more or less
cloven, with long, flexuose, reticulated, and dentate fimbriz.

Near Chetomitrium elongatum, Doz. & Molkb., which appears to be
a more robust species, with terete branches, leaves closely imbricating,
pericheetial leaves simply serrulate and smooth on the back, and the
fimbriz of the calyptra not denticulate.

Hookeria Philippiensis, Mont. (Lond. Jour. Bot. v. 4, p. 10), another
closely related species, has also terete branches, but with pericheetial
leaves laciniated at apex.

PLATE 25, B.—HoLosLerHArum Tatrensis: plant, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2, 3,4. Leaves. 5. Portion of
base of leaf, showing the reticulation. 6. Upper part of leaf, show-
ing the same. 7, 8. Capsules. 9. Portion of the peristome. 10.
Vertical section of same. 11. Portion of pedicel. 12. Perichsetium
and calyptra. 13. Perichetial leaf. 14. Vaginula and fimbris of
calyptra, 15, 16. Fimbrize of base of calyptra.—Analyses enlarged.

2. HoLoBLEPHARUM SPECIOSUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 22.)

H. dicicum, caule repente pinnatim ramoso, ramis complanatis confertis ;
foliis bifarits oblongis acuminatis sub apice undulato-constrictis serru-
latis concavis subsiriatis brevissime bicostatis margine reflexis, cellulis
linearibus parce papillulosis, pericheetialibus apice plus minus dissectis
serrulutis ; capsula oblongo-elliptica asymmetrica erecto-cernua, pedi-
cello longiusculo superne tuberculoso, operculo peristomio et calyptra

Holo. rugifolir.
Has. Samoan or Navigator’s Islands.

Larger than the last or the next species. Stem 3 to 5 inches long,
prostrate, furnished with fascicles of rootlets throughout its length,

MUSCI. : 85

pinnately branched. The branches very flat, 4 to 5 lines long, and
12 to 2 lines broad, obtuse, crowded, usually simple. Leaves bright
green, shining, rather loose, bifarious, the lateral patent-divergent, the
anterior and posterior appressed, all oblong acuminate, with their
points slightly recurved, and more or less undulate; serrulate, con-
cave, substriate, narrowly reflexed in the margins, furnished at the
base with two very short parallel coste; areolation rather loose, of
linear pellucid cellules, which are here and there minutely papillose.
Perichetial leaves numerous, connivent, all strongly serrate, not papil-
lose on the back; the upper ones with their points entire, or cut into
two or three segments. Capsule oblong or elliptical, hypnoid, erecto-
cernuous, gradually tapering into a moderately long pedicel tubercu-
late on its upper half only, and arising from the branches a little below
their base. Peristome, operculum, and calyptra, as in Holo. rugifo-
lium.

The regular pinnate ramification, the shorter, broader, and more
complanate branches, and the frequently dissected points of the peri-
cheetial leaves, readily separate this from the next species. Hookeria
Philippiensis has dissected pericheetial leaves also; but the branches
are terete.

Pirate 22, B—Ho.LoBLerHaRUM SPEcIOSUM: plant, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. Portion of a branch. 2,3, 4. Stem-leaves. 5, 6, 7.
Portions of same, showing the reticulation. 8. Calyptra. 9. Hairs,
from base of calyptra. 10. Capsule, with operculum and portion of
pedicel. 11. Portion of peristome. 12. Vaginula. 13. Perichtium.
14, 15, Perichetial leaves. 16. Portion of upper half of pedicel—
Details magnified.

3. HoLoBLEPHARUM RUGIFOLIUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 22.)

H. dioicum, caule prostrato diviso vage vel subpinnatim ramoso, caule
ramisque subcomplanatis, foliis sub-bifurtis lanceolatis acuminatis ser-
ratis papillulosis margine vis reflexis brevissime bicostatis apice valde
rugoso undulatis, areolatione lineart laxiuscula ; capsula subovali
cernua, operculo longe rostrato, pedicello toto hispidissimo, calyptra

22

86 CRYPTOGAMIA.

elongato-conica hirta basi pilis simplicibus multi-septatis Jimbriata ;
perichetialibus pectinato-dentatis dorso apicem versus ciliato-papillosis.

Has. Feejee Islands; on trees.

The newer parts pale green, the older brownish-yellow. Stems 2
to 4 inches long, 1 to 12 lines wide, prostrate, creeping, with two or
three main divisions, each division irregularly or subpinn ately branched.
Leaves crowded, bifariously imbricated, lanceolate, acuminate, con-
cave, serrate, indistinctly bicostate at base, with apex very much
rugose-undulate; cellules not compact, linear-oblong, slightly and
minutely papillose, capsule suboval, horizontal, exannulate. Oper-
culum as long as the capsule, with a hemispherico-conic base, and a
subulate decurved rostrum. Pedicel erect, very hispid its entire
length. Calyptra elongate-conic, covered with short, straight, and
geniculate hairs; the base fringed with long, flexuous hairs, composed
of elongated cellules, placed end to end. Peristome same as in Holo. —
Taitensis, except that the teeth are not so closely trabeculate. Peri-
cheetial leaves pectinate-dentate on the margins and ciliate-papillose
on the back above. Vaginula very short.

The long and much undulated points of the leaves and the pedice:
ciliate-hispid its entire length, are the principal distinguishing marks
of this species.

Holoblepharum leptopoma and H. orthorrhynchum, are smaller mosses
than those just described; the first has a close bipinnate ramification,
and ovate, horizontally spreading leaves, with plain apices; the
second is remarkable for its minute, pendulous, obovate capsules,

Piate 22, A—HOoLOBLEPHARUM RUGIFOLIUM: plant, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. Portion of stem, with leaves. 2, 3. Stem-leaves. 4.
Portion of base of stem-leaf, showing the reticulation. 5. Upper
part of leaf, showing the same. 6. Calyptra, with portion of pedicel.
7. Hair from base of Calyptra. 8, 9. Capsules. 10. Portions of
outer and inner peristome. 11. Vertical section of the same. 12.
Portion of pedicel. 13. Vaginula. 14. Perichstium. 15. Perichs-
tial leaf. 16. Portion of margin of perichstial leaf—Details maeni-
fied.

MUSCI. 87

2 ERIOPUS, Brid.

1. Eriopus cristatus, Brid.

Cheetophora (Eriopus) cristatus, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 339.

Leskea cristata, Hedw. Sp. M. p. 211, t. 49.

Hookeria cristata, Hook. & Grev. Edinb. Jour. Sci. No. 14, p. 229, Pl. 4; C. Mull.
Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 205.

Has. Waiaruru Bay; New Zealand.

3 SCHIZOMITRIUM, Br. & &Kch.

Schizomitrium, Bryol. Europ. sub Hookeria, p. 3.

1. SCHIZOMITRIUM PAPILLATUM, Mont.

Hookeria papillata, Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1845, 4, p. 93; H. oblongifolia, Sulliv. in
Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.

Has. Samoan or Navigators Group of Islands; also Feejee
Islands.

4,.§HOOKERIA, Smith.

1. Hooxerta NIGELLA, Hook. fil. & Wils.
Hookeria nigella, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. New Zeal. p. 124, t. 93, f. 6.

Has. Lord Auckland Islands.

2. HooKkERIA DEBILIS, Sulliv. (Tab. 21.)

H. dioicum ; caule prostrato vage diviso ; foliis lanceolatis longe acumi-
natis ecostatis flaccidis dissitis bifariis, areolatione laxissima, cellulis

88 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Susiformibus ; capsula clavato-obovata arcuata horizontali, operculo
permagno cupulato longissime rostrato (calyptra deficiente ).

Hookeria debilis, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.
Has. Feejee Islands; also Samoan Islands: growing on a fern.

A small, pale-green moss, of a delicate, flaccid texture, and of a
plumulose aspect. Stems prostrate, creeping, 1-2 inches long, with a
few irregular branches. Leaves lanceolate, filiformly attenuated,
rather distant, bifarious, flexuose, of a very loose reticulation; the
areolx fusiform, pellucid, the intersecting lines broad, pale green.
Capsule elongated, arcuate, horizontal, gradually tapering from the
wide mouth into the pedicel. Operculum long as the capsule, with a
large, hemispherical base, and a subulate, decurved rostrum. Teeth
of the peristome linear-acuminate, densely articulated, the two series
of the outer stratum widely separated to near the point; the cells of
the inner stratum forming strong, projecting lamelle; the processes
of the inner peristome carinate, arising from a plicate membrane.
Pedicel smooth, erect from the main stem. Perichsetial leaves nume-
rous, the inner ones long, convolute, with an abrupt, filiform point.
Calyptra not seen.

The specimens are few and imperfect, furnishing only one capsule,
and that perhaps not in a normal state.

Prats 21, B.—Hooxeria DEBILIS: plant, of the natural size. Fig.
1. Portion of a branch. 2, 3, 4. Leaves. 5. Leaf, showing the reti-
culation. 6. Perichetium and calyptra. 7, 8. Perichetial leaves
and antheridium. 9. Antheridia on the vaginula. 10. Portion of
the peristome. 11. Capsule.—Details enlarged.

5. MNIADELPHUS, © mill,

Mniadelphus, C. Mill. Bot. Zeit. 1847, p. 938 ; Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p- 20.

MUSOCL 89

1. MNIADELPHUS cusPIDATUS, C. Mill.

Mniadelphus cuspidatus, C. Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 26.
Distichophyllum cuspidatum, Doz. & Molkb. Musc. Archip. Ind. p. 101, t. 33.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

2. Mniapetpaus Dicxsont, Hook. & Grev.

Hookeria Dicksoni, Hook. & Grey. in Brewster’s Edinb. Jour. Sci. 2, p. 226, t. 5
(1825) ; Hook. fil. & Wils. in Lond. Jour. Bot. (1844), p. 550, and in Flo. Antarct.
p. 115, 1845.

Mniadelphus Dicksoni, Hampe in Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 25 (1851).

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia: found among Hepatice.

Closely allied to the New Zealand Hookeria adnata, Hook. fil. &
Wils. (Fl. N. Zeal.) which is distinguished by its regularly fringed
calyptra, the narrower border and smaller reticulation of its leaf, the
smaller capsule, and the narrower median line of the teeth of its
peristome. .

The base of the calyptra of I. Dicksoni, is shortly 5-6 laciniate,
and fringed by numerous one-celled hairs, which are very fugacious.

3. MnrapELPHUS Freycinetu, C. Miill.

Mniadelphus Freycinetii, C. Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 26,
Hookeria Freycinetii, Mont. Voy. Bonit. Bot. 1, p. 296.
Hypnum Freycinetii, Schweegr. Suppl. 3, 2, t. 279.

Has. Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands: in a
barren state.

4, MNIADELPHUS PARADOXUS, C. Miill.

Mniadelphus paradoxus, C. Mill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 24.
Hookeria (Pterogophyllum) paradoxa, Mont. Voy. Bonit. Bot. p. 296.
23

90 CRYPTOGAMIA.,

Has. Hawaii, District of Puna, Sandwich Islands; without fruit.

0. MyiapELpaus VitiAnvs, Sulliv. (Tab. 24.)

M, dioicum ; caulibus ascendentibus frondiformibus subsimplicibus ; foliis
complanate imbricatis e basi oblonga orbiculari-spathulatis toto ambitu
pellucide marginatis abrupte cuspidatis (cuspide torta,) mollibus semi-
costatis, areolatione laxissima, superne rotundato- inferne oblongo-hexa-
gona ; capsula minuta ovali longicolla horizontali, operculo subulato-
rostrato, calyptra setoso-hirta basi fimbriata, pedicello tuberculato.

Mniadelphus Vitianus, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.
Has. Feejee Islands; on decayed wood.

A glaucous green plant, with ascending stems 1-2 inches high, and
2—2% lines broad, complanate, fissidentoid in appearance, mostly sim-
ple or with one or two branches. Leaves closely imbricate, oblong or
sublinear-spathulate, of a flaccid, delicate texture; margins undulate,
surrounded by a conspicuous, translucent border (composed of linear
flexuous cellules), which runs out at the apex of the leaf into a
twisted cusp; areolation large, rotund-hexagonal above, oblong-hexa-
gonal below ; costa slight, scarcely half the length of the leaf. Cap-
sules minute, dark brown, short-oval, with along collum, horizontal,
mouth slightly oblique, exannulate. Teeth of the exterior peristome
linear, acuminate, closely articulated, the two series of the outer layer
of cellules widely separated; the inner peristome a plicate membrane,
divided above into carinate cilia. Operculum long as the capsule,
subulate-rostrate from a conic base. Pedicels numerous, springing
from near the apex of the stem, strongly tuberculate, flexuose,
enlarged at the base. Vaginula oblong. Perichetial leaves loose,
small, elliptical-ovate, concave. Calyptra mitraiform, hispid, fringed
at base with long, simple, flexuous cellules. Dioicous. Male flower
axillary, stipitate; antheridia 12-15; paraphyses rudimentary.

Compared with Distichophyllum spathulatum, Doz. & Molkb. (Muse.
Frond. Ined. p. 103, t. 34 et 35); a very closely related species, Mnia-
delphus Vitianus, differs by its much more distinctly bordered leaves,

MUSCI. 91

their twisted point, and shorter costa; also by the enlarged base of its
pedicel, which is tuberculate, not setose-hispid.

PLATE 24.—Mntapetpuvs Vitianus. Fig. 1, 2. Fertile plants. 3.
Male plant; all of the natural size. 4. A fertile plant. 5, 6, 7, 8.
Leaves. 9, 10, 11, 12. Cross-sections of leaf. 13. Cross-section of
leaf, showing the cellules. 14. Base of leaf. 15. Leaf, showing the
reticulation. 16. Portion of leaf, showing the same. 17. Calyptra,
capsule, pedicel, and pericheetial leaves. 18,19. Capsules. 20. Peri-
stome. 21. Portion of peristome. 22. Vertical section of same. 23.
Calyptra. 24. Male bud, in the axil of aleaf. 25. Male bud, detached.
26. Antheridium.—aAll the figures magnified, except Nos. 1, 2, and 3.

Tribe 22. PHYLLOGONIEZ.
1. PHYLLOGONIUM, Bria.

1. PHYLLOGONIUM FULGENS, Hedw.

Phyllogonium fulgens, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 671.
Prerigynandrum fulgens, Hedw. Muse. Frond. 4, t. 39.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Also Savai, one of the Navi-
gator’s Islands.

2. PHYLLOGONIUM ELEGANS, Hook. fil. & Wils.
Phyllogonium elegans, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. N. Zeal. p- 102, t. 88, f. 6.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

92 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Tribe 23. CRYPHZEZI.
1CRYPH AA, Mohr.

1. CRYPHHA CUSPIDATA, Sulliv. (Tab. 23.)

C. monoica, parvula ; caule primario repente defoliato, secundarro adscen-
dente arcuato subpinnatim ramoso ; foliis ovato-acuminatis ovato-lan-
ceolatisve continuo-costatis, pericheetialibus interioribus oblongis costa
longe excurrente cuspidatis ; capsula immersa oblongo-ovata speciose
annulata, operculo conico-rostrato, calyptra dimidiato-mitriformi apice
papillulosa.

Cryphea cuspidata, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.
Has. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Chili; on trees.

Monoicous. A small species, with dull yellow, lustreless foliage.
The principal stem procumbent, leafless, ascending, or pendant; fasci-
culately pinnate, with short branches. Leaves erect-patent, when
dry closely pressed to the stem, broad ovate-acuminate, concave, cari-
nate-costate, the margins entire, recurved near the base; cellules mi-
nute, subrotund. The costa large, percurrent. Pericheetia numerous,
terminal on short branchlets, arranged in one or two lines along the
stem. Interior perichetial leaves elliptical-oblong, cuspidate by the
rigid excurrent costa. Capsule immersed, oblong-ovate, with a very
short pedicel, and a large compound annulus. Operculum obliquely
rostrate from a conic base. Calyptra dimidiate-mitriform, papillulose
above. ‘Teeth of the peristome linear-lanceolate, closely trabeculate
below, nodose and granular above; median line distinct; cilia as long
as the teeth, much narrower, carinate below. Male gemme axillary,
shortly pedicelled; antheridia 5-7, with long pedicels; paraphyses
few and short; perigonial leaves broad ovate, with short, recurved,
obtuse points, ecostate, submargined.

The long-cuspidate interior perichetial leaves furnish the most
decided character for distinguishing this species.

MUSCIL. 93

PLATE 23, A.—CRYPHAA CUSPIDATA: plant, of the natural size. Fig.
1. Portion of a plant, with two capsules. 2. Portion of the stem,
with a capsule and male bud. 3, 4, 5, 6. Leaves. 7. Cross-section
of leaf. 8. Points of leaf, showing the reticulation. 9. Cellules of
leaf. 10, 11,12. Capsules. 13. Capsule, dry. 14. Portion of peri-
stome and annulus. 15. Calyptra. 16. Apex of calyptra. 17, 18,
19. Perichztial leaves. 20. Male bud. 21. Perigonial leaf. 22.
Antheridium.—Analyses enlarged.

Tribe 24. SPIRIDENTEAI,

1 SPIRIDENS, Wes,

1. Sprripens Rernwarpti, Nees.

_ Spiridens Reinwardtii, Nees. in Nov. Act. 2,1, p. 148, t. 17; Schwagr. Suppl. t.
147 ; Hook. Bot. Miscel. 1, t. 1.

Has. Upolu and Savai, Navigator’s Islands. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.
Tahiti, Society Islands.

The male plant (heretofore undescribed) occurs in the Ovolau col-
lection. It is about the size of the fertile plant, and more compound
in its ramification. The branches and branchlets are attenuated into
long pendulous flagellee, clothed with minute appressed leaves; giving
to the whole plant a light, feathery aspect. Male buds few, stipitate,
situated in the axils of the stem-leaves; perigonial leaves 10-12; the
lower ovate, ecostate, muticous; the upper oblong, slightly margined,
erose-dentate above, suddenly produced into long, spreading points in
which the heavy excurrent costa is predominant; antheridia 18-20,
large, elongated, pedicelled; paraphyses numerous, linear, acute, 20—

septate, longer than the antheridia.
24

94 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Tribe 25, LEUCODONTEZ.
1 PTEROGONIUM, Swartz.

1. PTEROGONIUM GRACILE, Swartz.

Pterogonium gracile, Swartz. Disp. Syst. Musc. Frond. Suec. p. 26; Bryol. Europ. 5
Pterog. Monogr. p. 4, t. 1.

Has. California.

2, ALSIA; Sulliv.

Calyptra cuculliformis glabra. Operculum conico-rostratum. Peristo-
mium duplex ; exterius dentes sedecem lineali-lanceolati ; interius cilia
totidem dentibus alternantia filiformia e membrana angusta carinata,
orta; ciliolis subnullis. Capsula cylindrica, recta vel subincurva,
exannulata, brevi-pedicellata, pericheetio elongato emersa. Florescentia
dioica ; flores masc. numerosi. Caulis arcte repens, defoliatus ; rama
plus minus resupinatt ramulis microphyllis parce breviter subpinnatt.
Folia ovato-oblongove-lanceolata, levia, punctiformi-areolata. Habi-
tatio arborea. Habitus perichetium foliorumque areolatio Lasie ;

peristomium calyptraque Leskece.

Alsia, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. (Jan. 1855.)

1. Austra Catirornica, Hook. & Arn. (Tab. 25.)

Neckera Californica, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p- 162; Mill. Synop. Muse.
Frond. 2, p. 117.

Has. California; on trees.

Grows in elastic masses, of a dark-green color. The primary stem
leafless, adhering by fascicles of short rootlets to the bark of trees,
giving off at right angles numerous secondary stems 2-3 inches long,

MUSCI. | 95

and 1-2 lines wide, more or less resupinate and compressed, subpin-
nately branched; the branches short, slender, not crowded. The
leaves rather loosely imbricating, erect-patent, ovate or oblong-lanceo-
late, moderately concave, substriate uneven; margins narrowly
reflexed, slightly serrulate at the point; costa reaching nearly half
way ; areolation of minute subrhombic cellules. Investing the secon-
dary stems at the base of the leaves are minute, variously shaped
paraphyllia. Leaves of the branches smaller and narrower. Peri-
cheetia long and slender, situated on the upper part of the secondary
stems. Capsule oblong-cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, exan-
nulate. Pedicel short, mostly concealed by the long, filiformly acu-
minated perichzetial leaves. Calyptra smooth, dimidiate, narrow,
extending below the middle of the capsule. Operculum conic, with
a long slender rostrum. Teeth of the outer peristome linear lanceo-
late, attenuate, distantly articulated, with a distinct median line,
below yellowish striolate, above grayish-white, scabrous; cilia of
the inner peristome nearly as long as the teeth, subulate, nodosely
articulated, punctulate, arising from a narrow plicate membrane;
ciliole none, or rudimentary. Dioicous: male plants intermixed
with, and about the size of the fertile; branches longer and more
spreading. Perigonia numerous, large, and conspicuous, placed
closely together in two lines, one on each side of the stem. Anthe-
ridia 4—6, paraphysated.

This species has strikingly the aspect of Lasia trichomitrion, but its
smooth calyptra, double peristome, and dioicous inflorescence, show it
to be not only specifically, but generically distinct.

Puate 25.—ALsIA CALiIrorNicA: male and female plants, of the
natural size. Fig. 1. Portion of a stem, with mature fruit. 2, 3, 4.
Stem-leaves. 5, 6. Lower and upper parts of leaf, showing the reti-
culation. 7. Cellules of the same. 8. Cross-sections of a leaf. 9,
10. Branch-leaves. 11. Capsule and perichetium. 12. Capsule.
with operculum. 13. Deoperculated capsule. 14. Peristome, with
portion of capsule. 15. Portion of outer and inner peristome, with
spores. 16. Vertical section of peristome. 17. Calyptra, 18. Peri-
chetial branch, vaginula, archegonia, paraphyses, and portion of
pedicel. 19, 20. Perichetial leaves. 21. Male bud. 22. Male bud
in the axil of a leaf. 23. Male flower. 24. Antheridium and para-

96 CRYPTOGAMIA.

physis. 25. Perigonial leaves. 26. Paraphyllia—Details magni-
fied.

3. ANTITRICHIA, Brid.

1. ANTITRICHIA CURTIPENDULA, Brid. -

Antitrichia curtipendula, Brid. Mantiss. Muse. p. 186; Bryol. Europ. 5 Antitr.
Monogr. p. 2, t. 1.
Neckera curtipendula, auct.

Has. Island of Madeira; also Oregon.

4. CYRTOPUS, Brid.

1. Cyrtopus sEtosus, Hook.

Cyrtopus setosus, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 235.
Neckera setosa, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 8.

Has. Dusky Bay, New Zealand.

5 LEUCODON, Schwegr.

1. Levcopon Lacurus, Hook.

Leucodon Lagurus, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 126.
Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

This species may, for the present, be considered quasi-monoicous ;
no male buds, developed in the normal way, have yet been observed.
Minute slender stems, abounding in male buds and rootlets, are found
on the leaves of the fertile plant. Perigonial leaves 6-8; antheridia
3-7; paraphyses rudimentary.

MUSCI. 97

L. Lagurus has a distinct, simple, adherent annulus, and an ochreate
vaginula.

Mr. Wilson, in Bryologia Britannica, very properly suggests a new
genus (Lampurus) for this and Leucodon tomentosus, Hook.

Tribe 26. HYPOPTERYGIEA.
lHYPOPTERYGIUM, Br.

1. HypopreryGium rotuLatum, Hedw.?

Leskea rotulata, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 213, t. 51.?
Hypopterygium rotulatum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Our specimens accord entirely with the description of H. rotulatum,
in the Flora of New Zealand above cited, and are no doubt the same;
but, as there remarked, it is doubtful whether Leskea rotulata, Hedw.,
was intended for this species, or for the next, H. Novee Seelandiew. And,
indeed, it may be further remarked, there is a doubt whether Hedwig’s
species was intended for either.

2. Hypoprerycium Nova SeeLanpia, C. Mill.

Hypopterygium Nove Seelandic«, C. Miill. Bot. Zeit. p. 562 (1851).
H, Smithianum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118.
H. rotulatum, C. Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 9.?

Has. New Zealand; also Tahiti, Society Islands.

3. HyporTEeryGium GLAucUM, Sulliv.

H. dioicum; H. Nove Seelandieé simillimum sed differt statura multo
minore, colore glaucesente, foliis (in sicco vel humido) subjulaceo-imbri-

2
40

98 CRYPTOGAMIA.

catis fragilibus minus asymmetricis rotundato-ovalibus brevius acumi-
natis, ramis maxime incurvo-deflexis, stipuleformibus pro foliorwm
ratione majoribus : fr. non viso.

Hypopterygium glaucum, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. J: an. 1855.
H. Smithianum, var. minus, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118.

Has. New Zealand.

The glaucous color, diminutive size (smallest of the genus), rotund-
oval, nearly symmetrical ordinary leaves, and proportionately large
stipuliform leaves, appear to indicate a species sufficiently distinct from
HI, Nove: Seelandice.

4. HYPoPTERYGIUM TAMARISCINUM, Hedw.

Leskea tamariscina, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 212, t. 51, f. 1, 7.
Hypnum setigerum, Beauv. Prod. p. 70.

Hypopterygium commutatum, C. Mill. Synop. Muse. 2, p. 9.
H. setigerum, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118.

Has. New Zealand.

It appears almost impossible to ascertain what species was intended
by Hypnum tamarisci, Swartz (Flo. Ind. Occ.), founded on specimens
from Jamaica. Specimens with this name, from Swartz himself, in
the Hookerian Herbarium, are said (Musc. Exot. t. 35) to be iden-
tical with L. rotulata, Hedw., likewise an obscure species; in the
Flora Antarctica, p. 117, they are said to be the same as a Fuegian
species, now H. didictyon, C. Mill.; and in Flora of New Zealand,
p. 118, they are referred to H. laricinum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 35,
which itself is doubtless founded on two different species, one from
the Cape of Good Hope, the other from the Andes of South America
—the name laricinum, Hook., being very properly adopted by Taylor
and by Miiller, for the Cape moss only. Furthermore, Taylor’s
description (Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 338) of “authentic fertile speci-
mens of Hypnum tamarisci, Swartz,” agrees accurately with our moss.
Hence, the Swartzian species being, to say the least, very obscure; if,

MUSCI. 99

indeed, it should not be abandoned entirely, it would seem proper not
to supersede Hedwig’s name tamariscinum, for a moss first so described
and figured by him, as to place its identification beyond doubt. The
specific name tamarisci, notwithstanding its close resemblance to tama-
riscinum, might still be retained for Swartz’s Jamaica Hypopterygium,
if it can be identified from his description.

5. HypopreryGium pipictyon, C. Miill.

Hypopterygium didictyon, C. Miill. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 9.
Hypnum laricinum, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 85, ex Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. Antarct.
p- 117.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

Readily known by its dioicity, its subrotulate ramification, its pale,
greenish-yellow foliage, and its distinctly margined leaves, the basal
and central cellules of which are larger than those towards the margin
and apex.

6. Hyporteryeium Brasiiense, Sulliv. (Tab. 26.)

H. monoicum ; caulibus erectis inferne simplicibus, superne in frondem
erectam pinnato-divisis; foliis distichis asymmetrice cordato-ovatis
oblique acuminulatis anguste pellucido-marginatis semi-costatis apice
serrulatis, cellulis equalibus rhombeis subopacis, stipuleformibus rotun-
datis cuspidatis marginatis continuo-costatis ; capsula ovali horizontali
collo longiusculo, operculo cupulato longe rostrato, peristomio hypnoideo
binatim ciliolatis; pedicellis sparsis longiusculis crassiusculis; pert-
cheetialibus ecostatis.

Hypopterygium Brasiliense, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1855.
Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil.

Stems erect, 1-14 inches high, below simple blackish, furnished
with scattered appressed scarious leaves, above pinnately branched
into an erect, frond-like top, of a more or less ovate outline; branches
mostly simple, the lower ones moderately ramulose. Leaves bright
green, distichous, slightly imbricating, obliquely cordate-ovate, with

100 CRYPTOGAMIA.

an oblique, upwardly directed acuminulation, strongly serrate at apex,
with a narrow, pellucid margin, costa simple, cellules minute, rhom-
boid, subopaque, their primordial utricles conspicuous. The stipuli-
form leaves one-fourth the size of the main leaves, and thrice the
width of the stem, rotund-ovate, cuspidate, slightly serrate, narrowly
margined, their costa distinct and continuous. Capsule horizontal,
oval, tapering gradually into a distinct collum. Operculum conico-
cupulate, with a decurved rostrum, nearly as long as the capsule.
Peristome hypnoid, large, pale yellow; ciliole in pairs. Calyptra
minute, narrowly conic, split on one side, scarcely covering the
rostrum. Pedicels 4—7 lines long, erect, not aggregated, red, rather
thick, easily separating from the vaginula, the upper portion of which
is not hidden by the loose, lanceolate, long-acuminate, subecostate,
pericheetial leaves. Monoicous: antheridia 7-9, large, linear, long-
pedicelled; paraphyses small, scarcely longer than the pedicel of the
antheridia, composed of 6-9 cellules, the upper one about three times
as long as all the’ rest together.

H. incrassato-limbatum, and H. nivale (Mull. Synop. 2, p. 8, 9), are
nearly allied to our species; the first, however, is dioicous, and has a
thickened and broader margin to the leaf; the second has the costa of
its stem-leaves constantly bifurcate, and its stipuliform leaves semi-
costate, but gives, like H. Brasiliense, to water in which it is immersed,
a yellow color.

H. scutellatum, Tayl., another closely related species, has shorter
and thicker pedicels, and semi-costate stipuliform leaves, and does not
color water yellow.

The “ spicule breves fragiles,’ noticed in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 338,
as being on the sides of the stems of 1. scutellatum, are compact, cuspi-
date, undeveloped branch-buds, composed of three or four minute,
linear-lanceolate leaflets; they occur on H. Brasiliense, and other
South American species, and are altogether different from the setule
of H. tamariscinum, Hedw.

Pate 26, B—Hyporreryeium BRASILIENSE: plants, of the natural
size. Fig. 1. Portion of stem, with main and stipuliform leaves, male

MUSOCL. 101

flowers, and perichzetium. 2. Portion of stem, with the ordinary and
stipuliform leaves. 3,4. Principal leaves. 5. Upper portion of the
same, showing the reticulation. 6. Cellules of same. 7. Capsule,
operculum, and calyptra. 8, 9. Capsules, with opercula. 10. Cap-
sule, without operculum. 11. Calyptra. 12. Tooth of the outer,
and a cilium with two ciliole of the inner peristome. 13. Portion of
upper part of tooth of peristome. 14. Portion of annulus. 15. Peri-
chetium. 16, 17. Pericheetial leaves. 18. A stipuliform leaf. 19.
Male bud. 20. Perigonial leaf, antheridium, and paraphyses.—
Details magnified.

7. HyporTeRYGIuM PALLENS, Hook. fil. & Wils.

Lopidium pallens, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. N. Zeal. p. 119.
Leskea concinna, Schweeer. non Hook. ex Hook. fil. & Wils. 1. c.
Hypnum Strutheopteris, Brid. Sp. Musc. 2, p. 87.?

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

The collection contains specimens, gathered in several of the Pacific
Islands, too imperfect to characterize, but obviously indicating two or
three undescribed species of Hypopterygium.*

* The species now known of Hypopterygium, may be briefly characterized as follows :—

1. Caules setulis intra/foliaceis.

1. H. TAMARISCINUM: ramificatione rotulata, foliis spinuloso-serrulatis, capsula pen-
dula, peristomio duplicii—Leskea tamariscina, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 213, t. 51.
New Zealand !

2. H. ciniaTUM: ramificatione subrotulata, foliis fimbriato-ciliatis, capsula erecta, peri-
stomio simplici.—Preri. ciliatum, Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 84, t. 17. New Zealand!

2. Caules setulis nullis.

a. Peristomium internum ciliolis interpositis.

t Inflorescentia monotca.

3. H. scuTELLATUM: ramif. pennata erecta, stipuliformibus brevi-costatis. a i 1 in
Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 338. Quito.
26

102 CRYPTOGAMIA.

2 CYATHOPHORU M, P. Beaw.

1. CYATHOPHORUM PENNATUM, Ladill.

Leskea pennata, Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. 2, p. 106, t. 253.
Hookeria pennata, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 163.
Cyathophorum pteridioides, P. Beauv. Prod. p. 52.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

4. H. BRASILIENSE: ramif. erecta, stipuliformibus continuo-costatis.—Sulliv. vide
supra p. 99. Organ Mountains, Brazil !—H. daricinum, W. P. Schimp.! in schedulis.
Mexico.

5. H. nivaLEe: ramif. pinnata erecta, fol. costa constanter bifurea.—C. Mull. Synop.
Muse. 2, p. 9. Venezuela, 8. America.

6. H. LARICINUM : ramif. pinnata inclinata, pedicellis flavidis gracilibus:—Hook. Muse.
Exot. t. 35, ex parte. Cape of Good Hope!

7. H. FLAVESCENS: ramif. subrotulata, stipuliformibus brevi-costatis.—Hampe in Lin-
nea, 1847, p. 95.2? Merida, Venezuela.—H. flaccidum. Sulliv. MSS. Brazil !

8. H. RoTULATUM: ramif. rotulata, stipuliformibus subecostatis.—Hook. fil. & Wils.
in Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118. New Zealand, Tahiti !

tt &. Inflorescentia dioica.

9. H. Tuournt: ramif. fasciculata, ramis simplicibus vel parce ramulosis, statura majus-
cula.—Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1845, 2, p. 86. Chili! Straits of Magellan.

10. H. riticuLFrorME: ramif. fasciculata; ramis densissime pinnatis microphyllis,
statura majuscula.—Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 212, t. 50. New Zealand!

11. H. TaMarisct: ramif. pinnata inclinata, foliis laxissime grosse reticulatis—Swartz.
ex Mull. Synop. Muse. Frond. 2, p. 8. Jamaica.

12. H. INCRASSATO-LIMBATUM: ramif. pinnata erecta, foliis incrassate pellucide mar-
ginatis—C. Mull. Synop. Muse. 2, p. 8. Brazil.

13. H. pipicryon: ramif. subrotulata, foliis flaccidis inferne grosse superne minute
reticulatis.—C. Mull. Synop. 2, p. 9.—H. laricinum, Hook. Musc. Exot. t. 35, ex
Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. Antaret. p. 117. Fuegia!

14. H. Nov# Sgenanpi#: ramif. rotulata, foliis sordide flavidis——C. Mull.! in Bot.
Zeit. 1851, p. 562.—H. Smithianum, Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118.
New Zealand! Tahiti!

15. H. GLaucum: ramif. rotulata, foliis glaucescentibus, statura perpusilla.—Sulliv.
vide supra p.97. New Zealand !—H. Smithianum var. minus, Hook. fil. & Wils. in
Flo. N. Zeal. p. 118.

16. H. FLAVO-LIMBATUM : ramif. pinnata inclinata, foliis subsymmetricis flavido-mar-
ginatis—C. Mull. Synop. p. 10. Nepaul!

17. H. rENELLUM: ramif. precedentis, foliis asymmetricis minutius areolatis pellucido
marginatis.—C. Mull. in Bot. Zeit. 1854, p. 557. Neelgherries.

MUSCL. 103

Tribe 27. RACOPILEA,

1RACOPILUM, Beaw.

1. RacopiLumM struMIFERUM, C. Mill.

Kacopilum strumiferum, C. Mill. in Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 563.
Racopilum australe, Hook. fil. & Wils. Flo. N. Zeal. p. 121, t. 92, £. 7.

Has. New Zealand.

2. RACOPILUM TOMENTOSUM, Swartz.

Facopilum tomentosum, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2, p. 719.

Hypnum tomentosum, Swartz. Flo. Ind. Occ. 3, p. 1828; Hedw. Muse. Frond. 4, p-
48, t. 19.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil; Forest sides of Mauna Kea, Hawaii,
Sandwich Islands.

Tribe 28. HELICOPHYLLEZ.
lHELICOPHYLLUM, Bri.

1. HELICOPHYLLUM ToRQUATUM, Hook.

Helicophyllum torquatum, Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1, p. 121.
Anictangium torquatum, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 41.

b. Peristomium internum ciliolis nullis.

18. H. PALLENS: monoicum, ramif. elongata erecta pinnata vel bipinnata, pedicello
asperulo.—Hook. fil. & Wils. in Flo. N. Zeal. p. 119.—H. Struthiopteris, Brid. ?
New Zealand! Tasmania, Chili!

19. H. concINNUM: dioicum, ramif. ut in pallente, pedicello levii—Hook. Muse.
Exot. t. 84. New Zealand. Auckland Islands.

104 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Has. Vicinity of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Tribe 29. RHIZOGONIBZ.

1 RHIZOGONIUM, Bria.

1. RwIZzOGONIUM SPINIFORME, Linn.
Hypnum spiniforme, Linn. Sp. Plant. 1587; Hedw. Muse. Frond. 3, p. 59, t. 25.

Has. Brazil. Society, Navigator’s, and Sandwich Islands.

2. RHIZOGONIUM MNIOIDES, Hook.

Rhizogonium mnioides, Schimp. in Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 125.
Hypnum mnioides, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 77.

Has. Feejee Islands.

8. Ruizoconium puncens, Suilliv. (Tab. 26.)

R. diocicum? ceespite denso hispido ; caulibus erectis simplicibus ; foliis
perlongis patenti-divergentibus rigidis elliptico-lanceolatis duplicato-
dentatis concavis costa valida subtereti in aristam dentatam lamina
guintuplo longiorem excurrente instructis, cellulis minutis densis sub-
quadratis ; perichetiis radicalibus, foliis longissime aristatis: fruct. et
flo. mase. non visis.

Rhizogonium pungens, Sulliv. in Proceed. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Jan. 1854.

_ Has. District of Puna, Southwest coast of Hawaii, ‘Sandwich
Islands.

MUSCI. 105

Tufts rough and bristly to the touch, of a bright, reddish-brown
color. Stems about three inches high, arising from a dense mat of
dark-purple radicles, simple. Leaves patent-divergent, rigid; the
lamina elliptical-lanceolate, about one line long, carinate-concave, the
margins doubly dentate, or rather bilamellar, each lamella strongly
dentate, the costa heavy, subterete, extending 4 or 5 lines beyond the
lamina into a stiff awn, dentate on its sides and back; reticulation of
minute, dense, subquadrate cellules. Perichetia arising from the
dense mat of rootlets at the base of the stem, shortly stipitate; the
leaves of a thinner texture, and of a looser reticulation, the exterior,
broad-lanceolate, cuspidate, dentate; the interior oblong, entire, fur-
nished with a long excurrent costa, as in the stem-leaves. Arche-
gonia numerous (40-60). Paraphysis linear, 7-10-jointed, somewhat
longer than the archegonia.

PLATE 26, A.—RHIZOGONIUM PUNGENS: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Portion of stem, with leaves: 2, 3, 4,5. Leaves. 6, 7. Por-
tions of leaf, showing the reticulation. 8. Point of leaf. 9. Cross-
section of base of leaf. 10. Perichetium. 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16.
Perichetial leaves. 17. Fertile flower. 18. Archegonium and para-
physes.—Details enlarged.

4, RHIZOGONIUM BIFARIUM, Hook.

Rhizogoniwm bifariwm, Schimp. Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 125.
Hypnum bifarium, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 57.

Has. New Zealand.

SYNONYMES, AND THE NAMES OF GENERA AND SPECIES INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED, ARE IN ITALIC,

A.

Alsia Californica, 94.
Andreeacez, 6.
Andreea acutifolia, 6.

alpina, 6.

petrophila, 6.
Aneectangiese, 7.
Anectangium compactum, 7.

Peruvianum, 7.

torquatum, 103.

Antitrichia curtipendula, 96.
Atrichum undulatum, 27.
Aulacomnion androgynum, 36.

B.

Barbula czespitosa, 14.
depressa, 15.
erythrodonta, 14.

Bartramiex, 38.

Bartramia conostoma, 41.

elegantula, 39.
exigua, 39.
integrifolia, 41.
intertexta, 40.
mollis, 39.
patens, 41.
pendula, 41.
pomiformis, 39.
pusilla, 39.
radicalis, 38, 39.

INDEX.

Bartramia rigida, 38.
robusta, 41.
setifolia, 40.
tenuis, 39.

Brachythecium plumosum, 69.

Bryacez, 6.

Bryez, 31.

Bryum alpinum, 33.
argenteum, 33.
Auberti, 32.
ceespiticium, 32.
giganteum, 31.
Indicum, 33.
julaceum, 33.
levigatum, 34.
macrocarpum, 37.
megalostegium, 31.
Menziesit, 36.
microstegium, 34.
nivale, 32.
nutans, 34.
Oreganum, 33.
pallens, 32.
turbinatum, 82.
truncorum, 31.
vagans, 30.

C.

Calymperes constricta, 17.
Molluccensis, 18.
Motleri, 18.

108

Campylopus clavatus, 11.
Dozyanus, 11.
exasperatus, 11.
flexuosus, 10.
lamellatus, 11.
xanthophyllus, 11.

Ceratodon purpureus, 12.

Chetomitrium elongatum, 84.

Cheetophora cristata, 87.

Conostomum Australe, 41.
Magellanicum, 42.

Crypheeex, 92.

Crypheea cuspidata, 92.

Cyathophorum pennatum, 102.

pteridioides, 102.

Cyrtopus setosus, 96.

D.

Dicnemon calycinus, 12.
pallidus, 12.
rugosus, 12.

Dicranez, 8.

Dicranum aciphyllum, 8.
candidum, 18.
clavatum, 11.
congestum, 8.
densum, 8.
Dozyanum, 11.
Jlagellare, 9.
imponens, 8,
involutifolium, 8.
majus, 10.
Menziesii, 10.
purpureum, 12.
robustum, 10.
Sandwicense, 9.
scoparium, 9.
Sieberianum, 12.
streptophyllum, 9.
tenuifolium, 8.

Dissodon serratus, 48.

Distichieze, 15.

Distichium capillaceum, 15.

Distichophyllum cuspidatum, 89.

INDEX.

Distichophyllum spathulatum, 90.

Dryptodon rupestris, 26.

Encalyptez, 16.
Encalypta ciliata, 16.
Sandwicensis, 16.

Endrotrichum densum, 75.
elegans, 75.
setigerum, 79.

Eriopus cristatus, 87.

Esenbeckia cuspidata, 75.

Eurynchium prelongum, 56.

Fissidentex, 13.

Fissidens geminiflorus, 18.

Funariex, 42.

Funaria calvescens, 43.
hygrometrica, 42.

G.

Glyphocarpa pusilla, 40.

Grimmiez, 24.

Grimmia leucophea, 24.
ovata, 25.
Peruviana, 24.
streptophylla, 25.

Gymnostomum setifolium, 40.

H.

Holoblepharum leptopoma, 86.

orthorrynchum, 86.

speciosum, 84.

rugifolium, 85.

Taitense, 88.
Helicophyllez, 103.
Helicophyllum torquatum, 103.

Hookeries, 83.

Hookeria adnata, 89.
cristata, 87.
debilis, 87.
Dicksoni, 89.
Freycinetii, 89.
nigella, 87.
oblongifolia, 87.
papillata, 87.
paradoxa, 89.
pennata, 102.
Philippiensis, 84.
punctata, 73.
Taitensis, 83.

Hylocomium loreum, 58.

splendens, 62.

Hypneze, 44.

Hypnum acanthoneuron, 36.
aciculare, 58.
acutifolium, 65.
aduncum, 68.
albescens, 56.
apertum, 66.
arbuscula, 44.
arcuatum, 53.
arcuatum, 40.
aristatum, 70.
Berteroanum, 61.
bifartum, 105.
Calderense, 62.
chlamydophyllum, 66.
chrysogaster, 48.
circinale, 51.
cochlearifolium, 66.
comatum, 45.
comosum, 45.
conspissatum, 67.
crinitum, 60.
Crista-Castrensis, 57.
curvifolium, 49.
cupressiforme, 48.
cymbifolium, 61.
decurrens, 49.
denticulatum, 59.
divaricatum, 45.

Draytoni, 59.

INDEX.

109

Hypnum extenuatum, 65.

28

Eudore, 60.
fasciculatum, 45.
flexile, 66.
florabundum, 81.
fluitans, 68.
Freycinetii, 89.
gracilisetum, 51.
hamatum, 64.
hispidum, 70.
implexum, 58.
imponens, 50.
laricinum, 98, 99.
limbatum, 67.
loreum, 58.
marginatum, 46.
Menziesii, 44.
Meyenianum, 62.
microcarpum, 56.
mniotdes, 114,
molliculum, 51.
molluscoides, 54.
molluscum, 59.
Montagnei, 69.
mundulum, 51.
opeeodon, 50.
Oreganum, 57.
papillatum, 63.
patale, 48.
patulum, 80.
Pickeringii, 64.
plumosum, 69.
plumulosum, 62.
politum, 61.
prelongum, 56.
pseudoplumosum, 69.
pungens, 63.
Rienwardtii, 44.
scaberrulum, 64.
scabrifolium, 40.
seminerve, T1.
setigerum, 98.
Siebert, 45.
sodale, 54.
speciosissimnum, 47.

spiniforme, 104.

110

INDEX.

Hypnum spininervium, 45.

splendens, 62.
Stokesii, 57.
Struthiopteris, 101.
tamarisci, 98.
tanytrichum, 65.
tenuisetum, 52.
tomentosum, 103.
tricostatum, 46.
Tutuilum, 55.
undulatum, 58.
Wilkesianum, 69.

Hypopterygiez, 97.
Hypopterygium Brasiliense, 99.

ciliatum, 101.
commutatum, 98.
concinnum, 108.
didictyon, 99.
jiliculeforme, 102.
flavescens, 102.
flavo-limbatum, 102.
glaucum, 97.
incrassato-limbatum, 100.
laricinum, 102.
nivale, 100.
Nove-Seelandize, 97.
pallens, 101.
rotulatum, 97.
scutellatum, 100.
setigerum, 98.
Smithianum, 97.
tamariscinum, 98.
tenellum, 102.
Thouini, 102.

I.

Isothecium myosuroides, 71.

trichophorum, 82.

L.

Lasia trichomitrion, 95.
Leptostomum macrocarpum, 37.

Leptostomum Menziesii, 37.
Leskea adnata, 56.
concinna, 101.

_ cristata, 87.
floribunda, 81.
flexicaule, TT.
mollis, 82.
pennata, 102.
rotulata, 97, 98.
seminervis, 71.
tamariscina, 98.

Leucobryex, 138.
Leucobryum candidum, 13.
Leucodontezx, 94.
Leucodon calycinus, 12.
Lagurus, 96.
pallidus, 12.
rugosus, 12.
tomentosus, 97.
Lopidium pallens, 101.

M.

Macromitrium gracile, 23.
Nepalense, 22.
piliferum, 23.
Reinwardtii, 22.
subtile, 23.
Tongense, 22.
Meesia longiseta, 36.
Mielichhoferiex, 37. °
Mielichhoferia Andina, 37.
Meteorium Brasiliense, 77.
cirrhifolium, 82.
crinitum, 80.
flexicaule, 77.
floribundum, 81.
helictophyllum, 81.
longissimum, 82.
macranthum, 78.
Mauiense, 78.
molle, 82.
nitidum, 79.
trichophorum, 82.
patulum, 80.

Meteorium Vitianum, 81.
Mniadelphus cuspidatus, 89.
Dicksoni, 89.
Freycinetii, 89.
paradoxus, 89.
Vitianus, 90.
Mnium insigne, 35.
Menziesii, 36.
punctatum, 35.
rhynchophorum, 35.
rostratum, 35.
venustum, 36.

N.

Neckeree, 71.

Neckera Californica, 94.
curtipendula, 96.
dendroides, 72.
Douglassii, 72.
Lepiniana, 72.
pallida, 12.
phyllogonioides, 72.
planifolia, 738.
scabridens, 71.
setosa, 96.
trichophora, 82.
tricostata, 46.

O.

Octoblepharum albidum, 18.
serratum, 43.
Omalia pulchella, 73.
Orthodon serratus, 43.
subglaber, 43.
Orthotricheze, 20.
Orthotrichum crassifolium, 22.
gracile, 23,
leiocarpum, 20,
luteolum, 21.
Lyellii, 21.
Magellanicum, 21.
phyllanthum, 21.
Sturmii, 21.

INDEX.

ie

Peromnion Magellanicum, 88.
Phyllogoniez, 91.
Phyllogonium elegans, 91.
fulgens, 91.
Pilotrichese, 74.
Pilotrichum plicatum, 76.
setigerum, 75.
Vitianum, 74.
Plagiothecium Antarcticum, 59.
denticulatum, 59.
undulatum, 58.
Pogonatum alpinum, 28.
semiangulatum, 28.
Polytrichez, 27.
Polytrichum alpinum, 28.
commune, 30.
dendroides, 28.

Junghuhnianum, 29.

juniperinum, 30.
oligodus, 30.
Magellanicum, 27.
piliferum, 30.
semiangulatum, 28.
squamosum, 28,
tortile, 29.
undulatum, 27.
Potties, 6.
Pottia Heimii, 6.
Pterigynandrum fulgens, 91.
Pterogonium gracile, 94.
Pterygophyllum Montagnei, 69.
Pylaisea seminervis, 71.

R.

Racomitrium canescens, 26.
heterostichum, 26.
lanuginosum, 26.
protensum, 26.
rupestre, 26.

Racopilez, 103.

Racopilum australe, 103.

tomentosum, 103.

111

112

Racopilum strumiferum, 103.

Rhizogonez, 104.

Rhizogonium bifarium, 105.
mnioides, 104.

pungens, 104.

spiniforme, 104.

Rigodium implexum, 58.

8.

Schizomitrium papillatum, 87.

Schlotheimia nitida, 24.

Schlerodontium pallidum, 12.

Sphagnacee, 5.

Sphagnum cuspidatum, 5.
cymbifolium, 5.
fimbriatum, 5.

Spiridentez, 93.

Spiridens Reinwardtii, 93.

Splachnez, 43.

INDE X.

Streptopogon erythrodontus, 14.

Syrrhopodon fasciculatus, 18.
Taitensis, 18.
tristichus, 19.

i

Thuidium tamariscinum, 62.
Trachyloma planifolium, 73.
Trichostomeex, 13.
Trichostomum Andinum, 13.
crispulum, 14.
exasperatum, 11.

rigidifolium, 70.

Zygodontes, 19.
Zygodon Peruvianus, 19.

LICHENES.

BY

EDWARD TUCKERMAN, A.M.

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LICHENES.
Fam. I. COLLEMACET, xy.

1. LEPTOGIUM, F.

1, LEpToGium TREMELLOIDES, (Linn.) Fr.

~ Lichen tremelloides, Linn. Suppl. p. 450.
Collema tremelloides, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 655; Syn. p. 325.
Leptogium tremelloides, Fr. Pl. Homon. p. 255; Fl. Scan. p. 293; Tuckerm. Lich.
Amer. Hxs. n. 149; Nyl. Syn. Lich. p. 124.

VAR.—AZUREUM, Eschw.

Lichen azureus, Swartz. Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1895.

Collema azwreum, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 654 ; Swartz. Lich. Amer. p. 21, tab. 15 ; Ach.
Syn. p. 325; Fée, Cryptog. p. 311, tab. 2, f. 17.

Collema tremelloides azureum, Eschw. in Mart. Fl. Bras, I, p. 327.

Lepiogium azureum, Montag. Crypt. in Sagra. Hist. Cuba, p. 114; Montag. & Van
den Bosch, Lich. Javan. p. 67.

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Ovolau,
Feejee Islands. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.—All the specimens are per-
haps referable to the variety. But those from Oahu are elegantly
distinguished by their sinuate lobation, the sinuses being large and
rounded.

2. LEPTOGIUM MARGINELLUM, (Sw.) Montag.

Lichen marginellus, Swartz. Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1896.
- Collema marginellum, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 656; Syn. p. 326.

116 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Leptogium marginellum, Montag. Crypt. Cuba, 1. ¢., p. 115, tab. 6, f. 2.
Leptogium tremelloides, var. Nyl. Syn. p. 125.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

Fax. I. LICHENACEI, ay.
2 SPHH ROPHORUGS, Bis.

1. SPHHROPHORUS GLOBIFERUS, (Linn.) DC.

Nichen globiferus, Linn. Mant. p. 188; Sm. E. Bot. t. 115.

Spheerophorus globiferus, De Cand. Fl. Fr. 2, p. 327; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 50.

Spherophorus coralloides, Pers. cit. Ach. Syn. p. 287; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 405; Mon-
tag. in Ann. Se. Nat. 2, 15, p. 146, tab. 15, f.1; Nyl. Prodr. Lich. Gall. et Alg. p. 34.

Spherophorus coralloides, var. laxus, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p- 110.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira; infertile. St. Jago, Cape

de Verds; infertile.

Var. &. LAcuNOsUS: globiferus, lacunosus; ramis dilatatis subcom-
pressis lacunosis, (Tab. 2, f. 5.)

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia; infertile—A large state, the irre-
gular flattened branches more or less conspicuously lacunose. Color
chestnut, with frequent blotches of crimson.

2. SPHAROPHORUS FRAGILIS, (Linn.) Pers. (Tab. 2, f. 6.)

Lichen fragilis, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1121; Fl. Lapp. t. 11, f, 4.
Spheerophorus fragilis, Pers. fide Ach. Syn. p. 287; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 405; Montag.

Pl. Cell. in Voy. Vol Sud. p. 171; Hjusd. in Hist. Chil. Bot. t. 8, p. 195; Tuckerm.
Lich. Exs. n. 99; Nyl. Prodr. p. 85.

Spheerophorus coralloides, var. ccespitosus, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p- 111.

Has. Fuegia ; infertile—Possibly distinct from &. fragilis; an opi-
nion sustained by my excellent friend Dr. Montagne: but the speci-

LICHENES. 117

mens are too scanty and imperfect, to permit of the separation in this
place. With much of the general aspect of ordinary states of the
species just spoken of, this has the color of S. globiferus. The figure

serves to exhibit something of the habit of the Lichen, which deserves
farther investigation.

3. SPHAROPHORUS TENER, Laur.
Spheerophoron tenerum, Laur. in Linnea, 2, p. 45; Montag. Chil. 1. ¢. p. 194; Hook. f.

Bot. Antarct. Voy. 2, p. 530, tab. 197, f. 1; Nyl. Enum. Gen. Lich. in Act.
Cherb. 5, p. 93.

*

Has. Fuegia, infertile—A dwarfed state, but apparently not other-
wise differing from the cited species.

3 BAOMYCES, Pers.

1. Baomycrs runcorEs, (Sw.) Ach.
Lichen fungoides, Swartz Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1886.

Beomyces fungoides, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 572 ; Swartz Lich. Amer. p. 18, t. 18; Ach.
Syn. p. 280.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

4. CLADONTA, Hofim.

1, CLADONIA VERTICILLARIS, (Radd.) Montag.
Cenomyce verticillaris, Raddi in Att. Soc. Ital. Sci. 13, p. 34, t. 8, f. 4, cit. Eschw.
Cladonia perfoliata, Floerk. Clad. p. 80; Eschw. Bras. 1. c. p. 268.

Cladonia spinigera, Mey. Nebenst. p. 104.
Cladonia perfilata, Hook. herb.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

2. CLADONIA PyxipaTA, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen pycidatus, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. E. Bot. t. 1398.
30

118 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Cladonia pyxidata, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 216; Lich. Suec. n. 285; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs.
n. 25; Nyl. Prodr. p. 36. ;

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Coast south of Gray’s Har-
bor, Oregon. Fuegia. East Maui, Sandwich Islands.

3. CLADONIA GRACILIS, (Linn.) Fr.
Lichen gracilis, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. E. Bot. t. 1284.

Cladonia gracilis, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 218.
.

Var. #. HYBRIDA, Fr. 1. c.; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 27.
Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound, Oregon.
Var. 7. ELONGATA, Fr. 1. c.; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 28.

Haz. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Fuegia, but the specimens
very imperfect. Mauna Loa, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

4, CLADONIA DEGENERANS, Floerk.

Capitularia degenerans, Floerk. in Web. & Mohr. Beytr. 2, p. 808, cit. auctore.
Cladonia degenerans, Floerk. Clad. p. 41; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 221.
Cenomyce gonorega, Ach. Syn. p. 258.

Var. &. cARIOSA, Fr. ]. c.; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 120.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

5. CLADONIA FIMBRIATA, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen fimbriatus, Linn. Suec. n. 1112, e Fr.; Sm. E. Bot. t. 2488.
Cladonia fimbriata, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 222.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Hawaii. Bay of Islands, New
Zealand.—The typical state will include all the specimens.

LICHENES. 119

6. CLADONIA corNuTA, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen cornutus, Linn. & Auctt. pl. e Fr. infra cit.

Cladonia cornuta, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 225; Lich. Suec. n. 116; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs.
n. 123.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Fuegia, the var. excelsa,
Br.1,.¢.

‘7. CLADONIA FURCATA, (Huds.) Sommer.

Lichen furcatus, Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 458, cit. Ach. Syn. p. 276.
Cenomyce furcata, Sommerf. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. p. 133.
Cladonia furcata, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 229.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil. Hawaii. Feejee Islands—The

specimens all referable to var. racemosa, Floerk. Coast of Oregon.
Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira.

Both belonging to var. subulata,
Floerk.

8. CLADONIA SQUAMOSA, Hojffim.

Cladonia squamosa, Hoffm. Germ. p. 125; Floerk. Clad. p. 129; Fr. Lichenogr. p.
231; Lich. Suec. n. 57; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 30.

Has. Sides and summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira.

St. Jago, Cape
Verde Islands. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

9. CLADONIA RANGIFERINA, (Linn.) Hoffm.

Lichen rangiferinus, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. E. Bot. t. 1738.

Cladonia rangiferina, Hoffm. Germ. p. 114; Floerk. Clad. p. 160; Fr. Lichenogr.
p- 243; Eschw. Bras. 1. c. p. 273; Montag. Cuba I. c¢. p. 202.

Has. Mauna Loa, Hawaii; Kaala Mountains, Oahu, Sandwich
Islands (var. sylvatica, Ach.). Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Bay of
Islands, New Zealand (var. alpestris, Ach.). The specimens here re-
ferred to the variety alpestris differ from the northern Lichen of both

120 CRYPTOGAMIA.

hemispheres, in the radiately denticulate tips of the branchlets; as
remarked in Brazilian specimens, by Floerke (Clad. p. 166), and by
Eschweiler (Bras. 1. c. p. 274).

10. CLADoNIA AMAUROCR@A, (Eloerk.) Scheer.

Capitularia amaurocrea, Floerk. in Web. & Mohr. Beytr. 2, p. 834, cit. auctore.
Cladonia amaurocrea, Scher. Spicil. p. 34; Floerk. Clad. p. 119; Tuckerm. Syn.
Lich. N. E. p. 58, & Lich. Exs. n. 180.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand ; a dwarfish infertile state.

11. CraponiA ReETIPORA, (Labill.) Floerk.

Beomyces retiporus, Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. Spec. 2, p. 110, t. 254, f. 2.
Cenomyce retipora, Ach. Syn. p. 248.
Cladonia retipora, Floerk. Clad. p. 181.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

12. CLADONIA AGGREGATA, (Sw.) Eschw.

Lichen aggregatus, Swartz Fl. Ind. Occid. t. 38, p. 1915.

Cenomyce agyregata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 563; Swartz Lich. Amer. p- 17, tab. 12;
Ach. Syn. p. 248; Hook. f. Bot. Antarct. Voy. t. 1, p. 197, tab. 80, f. 2.

Cladonia aggregata, Eschw. Bras. |. ¢. p. 278 (nee Floerk. Clad. p- 170).

Cenomyce cornicularia & C. terebrata, Laurer, cit. Floerk.

Cladonia cornicularia & C. terebrata, Floerk. Clad. pp. 179-80.

Fycnothelia retipora, Duf. cit. Fée Crypt. p. 98, tab. 8, f. 9.

Has. Fuegia. New Zealand. Sidney, New South Wales.—A re-
markable and wide-spread species, which I possess also from Brazil

and from Nepal. The more erect state is exquisitely figured by Dr.
Hooker, 1. ¢.

13. CLADONIA MACILENTA, (Ehrh.) Hojfm.

Lichen macilentus, Ehrh. Crypt. n. 267, fide Ach. Syn. p. 266.
Cladonia macilenta, Hoffm. Germ. p. 126; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 240; Lich. Suec. n.
52; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 134.

LICHENES. 121

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. The typical state.

14. CLuaponia pieirata, (Linn.) Hoffim.

Lichen digitatus Linn. Fl. Suec. n, 114, fide Fr. infra cit.
Cladonia digitata, Hoffm. Germ. p. 124; Fries Lichenogr. p. 240; Lich. Suec. n.
85; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 39.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound, Oregon. Fuegia.

15. CLADONIA MuSCIGENA, Eschw. (Tab. 2, f. 3.)

Cladonia muscigena, Eschw. Bras. 1. ¢. p. 262.
Cenomyce spheerulifera, Tayl. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6, p. 185.
Cladonia Hawaiensis, Tuckerm. in litt.

Has. Coast of Hawaii.—lI refer this Lichen, with some confidence,
to the species indicated by Eschweiler; which extends, if this view be
correct, to Venezuela (Mr. Fendler) and Cuba (Mr. Wright), and even
to Florida. Taylor’s specimens, probably not distinguishable, were
from Demerara. C. isidioclada, Montag. & Van den Bosch, in Mont.
Syll. p. 336, and Lich. Javan. p. 31, to judge by specimens which I
owe to the kindness of the authors, is exceedingly near; and C. pul-
chella (Schwein.) Tuckerm. Suppl. in Amer. Journ. Sci. 1858, p. 427,
is possibly only a smaller state, less perfectly developed than the tropical
Lichen, and approaching more closely to states of the northern species.
C. Mitrula, Tuckerm., and C. decorticuta, Floerk., with which last our
plants have much in common, are analogous, normally symphycarpous
forms of the brown-fruited series.

The artist has given two figures of clumps of the Hawaian Lichen,
which exhibit its short and stout habit ; a feature, in which it differs from
the South American specimens, which are all slender, and some of them
rather elongated. The other figure is from a drawing by Mr. Sprague,
and presents in a, a magnified view of a section of the summit of a
podetium, with its inflated symphycarpous apothecium; and in 3, a
section of the disk of an apothecium, showing the spore-bearing layer
(thalamium), the paraphyses, and several spore-sacks (thece); with the

simple, ovate-ellipsoid, hyaline spores, common to many species of the
31

122 CRYPTOGAMIA.

genus ; and also the layer of densely packed small cells (hypothecium)
which underlies the spore-bearing layer, and appears indeed to be the
elementary tissue (Tulasne sur les Lich. t. 8, f. 57 ; Speerschneider in
Bot. Zeit. 1854, pp. 237, 625, t. 7, f. 7, and 14, f£. 6), of which the
last is a metamorphosis. Towards the base the tissue of the hypothe-
cium becomes looser and rather spongy, breaking here and there, as
the empty interior of the podetium is approached, and presenting
largish irregular cavities.

5. STEREOCAULON, Schreb.

1. STEREOCAULON RAMULOSUM, (Sw.) Ach.

Lichen ramulosus, Swartz Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1917.
Stereocaulon ramulosum, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 880; Swartz Lich. Amer. p- 20, t. 14;
Ach. Syn. p. 284.

Has. Fuegia. Mountains of Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. Walls of
crater, Hast Maui; and mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich
Islands. Tahiti. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

2, STEREOCAULON MaprreEnse, Sp. Nov,

S. thallo a basi vage longeque versus apices parce breviterque ramoso ;
ramis subsimplicibus tomento tenui vestitis ; phyllocladiis minusculis
globosis confertis mox majoribus squamulosis crenatis vel sparsis vel
dense imbricato-congestis ; cephalodiis sessilibus scrobiculato-foveolatis
subconcoloribus ; apotheciis subterminalibus mediocribus albo-marginatis
marginem demum excludentibus convexis nigro-fuscis. Spore (generis)
aciculares varie septate,

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira.

Thallus stout, terete, and commonly naked at the mostly simple
base ; dividing below the middle into a few elongated, rather simple,
erectish, obsoletely tomentose branches, with often nodding tips. Gra-
nules (phyllocladia, Th. Fries) very small, globose, somewhat scattered,

LICHENES. 123

but becoming flat, and at length, especially on the branches, larger,
crenate, and more densely heaped, glaucescent. Cephalodia sessile,
scrobiculate-foveolate, of about the color of the phyllocladia. Apo-
thecia subterminal, of middling size, flat, but at length nearly exclud-
ing the thick white margin, when the disk becomes turgid, and the
remnant of the now colored thalline border appears as a thin, pale,
proper margin. Spores of the genus. I should refer this Lichen to 8.
leporinum, Th. Fries (De Stereoc. Comm. p. 25), but the author of the
species named, now refers it to S. spherophoroides, Tuckerm. (Enum.
N. A. Lich. p. 52), which is quite different from the present.

3, STEREOCAULON PASCHALE, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen paschalis, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1631, & Fl. Suec. n. 1120, e. Fr. infra cit.
Stereocaulon paschale, Ach. Meth. p. 815, ete. pro parte; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 202;
Tuckerm. Syn p. 45, & Lich. Exs. n. 112.

Has. Fuegia, adwarf form, with flattened podetia.

4, STEREOCAULON DENUDATUM, Floerk.

Stereocaulon denudatum, Floerk. D. Lich. 4, p. 13, n. 79, fide Sommerf. Suppl. p.
126; Laurer in Fr. Lichenogr. p. 204; Moug. & Nestl. Crypt. n. 446; Tuckerm.
Lich. Exs. n. 114.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. St. Jago, Cape Verde
Islands.—Exactly agreeing with specimens collected near Naples, of
S. Vesuvianum, Pers. ; which is referred, I think correctly, to the pre-
sent species, by Dr. Nylander (Enum. Gen. 1. ¢. p. 97).

5. STEREOCAULON TENELLUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2, fig. 2.)

S. thallo ceespitoso pumilo gracillimo a basi vage apicemque versus fas-
tigrato-ramoso tenuiter tomentoso glauco-albescente ; phyllocladiis spar-
sis minusculis rotundatis mox pulveraceis ; apotheciis ignotis.

»

Has. Near Lima, Peru.

124 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Thallus growing in dense masses; very slender and fragile ; dividing
at the base irregularly into a few elongated, subsimple, terete branches,
which are often fastigiate-branched at the summit, and are clothed with
a delicate tomentum ; glaucous-white. Phyllocladia minute, rounded,
becoming powdery, loosely scattered, but rather more numerous above ;
Cephalodia obscure ; apothecia wanting. Nearest to 8. nanwm, but a
larger and more branched lichen. It is quite distinct from S. nanodes,
Tuckerm. (Suppl. Enum. Lich. N. Amer.), nor have I seen anything like
it in North America; but it is possibly identical with S. albicans, Th.
Fries (1. c. p. 36), from Peru. The figures exhibit, 1. the habit of
our specimen, and 2, a portion slightly magnified.

6. SIPHULA, F.

1. Sipuuta Picxerinen, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2. fig. 4).

S. thallo ceespiticio fragili glabro subdichotomo-ramoso e glauco albicante ;
ramis erectiusculis tereti-compressis demum sulcutis 3 apotheciis laterali-
bus.

Has. Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands ; grow-
ing on the earth, among mosses.

_ Caespitose ; the very fragile fronds dividing irregularly near the base
into more or less dichotomous, erectish, smooth, terete-compressed, at
length pitted and furrowed branches; the abortive apothecia (exhi-
bited in Fig. 2) appearing to be lateral. Both the habit and the struc-
ture appear to connect this lichen with Siphula, and it is undoubtedly
an undescribed species, but the specimen is too imperfect for farther
elucidation. Siphula pteruloides, Nyl., from Peru, of which a brief
diagnosis has just appeared (Oct. 1859) in the “Lichenes Exotici” of
Dr. Nylander, also from infertile specimens, should be compared with
the Oahu Lichen, which considerably resembles Pterula subulata of
Moug. & Nestl. Crypt. Vog. n. 995, cited by the former author, as
expressing the habit of his species—Our first figure represents the
largest specimen, and the second a slightly magnified branch, with abor-
tive apothecia.

LICHENES. 125

7. USNEA, Dill., Ach.

1. USNEA BARBATA, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen barbatus & L. floridus, Linn. & Auctt.
Usnea barbata, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 18.

Var. a. FLORIDA, Fr. 1. ¢.

Has. Andes of Peru. Organ Mountains, Brazil. Rio Janeiro.

Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. Tahiti. New Zealand. Sydney, New
South Wales.

Var. 6. DASypoGaA, Fr. 1. c.

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Emio, Society Islands. Tonga. Sa-

moan Islands. What appears to be a smoother variety from Ovolau,
Feejee Islands ; and a similar Lichen from Fuegia.

Var. «. ARTICULATA, Fr. 1. c.

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira.

2. USNEA AURANTIACO-ATRA, Jacq. (Tab. 1, fig. 1.)

Lichen aurantiaco-ater, Jacq. Miscell. 2, tab. 11, fig. 2, cit. Ach.

Usnea melaxantha, Ach. Meth. p. 307, & Syn. p.803; Montag. Pol. Sud. p. 201;
Hook. f. Bot. Antarct. Voy. t. 2, p. 519.

Neuropogon melaxanthus, Nyl. Enum. |. ¢. p. 98.

Usnea sphacelata, R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. Append. p. 807; Hook. Bot. Miscell. 1,
p. 15, t. 12.

Usnea fasciata, Torr. in Amer. Journ. Sci. 6; Hook. 1. ¢. p. 14, t. 11.

Has. Fuegia—Original specimens of the Lichen upon which JU.
sphacelata, was founded, from Melville Island (Herb. Ch. Babington),
and others, not distinguishable, from Spitzbergen, given to me by the
late Dr. Vahl, appear to differ only in their dwarf habit from the

Antarctic plant. The latter was first published ; nor does there seem
32

126 CRYPTOGAMIA.

to be reason for supplanting the name then given to it by any of the
later ones.—The figure, tab. 1, f. 1, exhibits the finest specimen ob-
tained, of its natural size. The rest of the figures are from Mr.
Sprague’s drawings :—2, shows a portion of a branch with the simple
terminal branchlets, and bearing a mature apothecium, slightly magni-
fied; 3, a cutting lengthwise of the same apothecium, more highly mag-
nified, and displaying the spore-bearing layer (thalamiwm) as it is
received in the exciple (hypotheciwm); 4, a yet more highly magnified
portion of the apothecium, showing the spore-sacks (thecee) with their
contents, and the paraphyses, appearing to rest immediately on the
small cells of the hypothecium, which itself appears to pass into the
looser filamentous tissue of the next adjoining part of the medullary
layer; 5, exhibits a smaller fragment of the apothecium, in which the
spore-sacks and paraphyses, retaining their natural position, are exhi-
bited still larger, as well as the minute, globose-oblong, simple spores,
which, with slight differentiation, characterize the genus; and 6, a cross-
cutting of a branch of the thallus, showing (what is better shown in a
vertical section) the compacter tissue of the almost woody axis becom-
ing looser, and with more of the features of the ordinary medullary
layer, at the outer side, where scattered gonidial cells indicate the dis-
continuous gonimous layer, immediately beyond which begins the cor-
tical layer.

8 ALECTORIA, Ach.

1. ALEcTORIA JUBATA, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen jubatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1628; Sm. E. Bot. t. 1880.
Alectoria jubata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 592; Syn. p. 291; Nyl. Prodr. p. 45.
Evernia jubata (a excl.), Fr. Lichenogr. p. 20; Montag. Canar. 1. ¢. p. 94.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Orange Harbor, Fuegia
(var. %. chalybeiformis, Ach.). Spipen River, Oregon (var. 7. wn-
plexa, Fr.).

2. ALECTORIA SARMENTOSA, Ach.

Lichen sarmentosus, Ach. in Vet. Ac. Handl. 1797, p. 212, tab. 8, f. 2.
Alectoria sarmentosa, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 595; Syn. p. 293; Nyl. Prodr. p. 46.

LICHENES. 127

Evernia ochroleuca, var. sarmentosa, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 22; Lich. Suec. n. 269.

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Fort Nesqually, and Port Discovery,
Oregon.

9 EVERNIA, Ach. Fr.

1. Evernta vuupina, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen vulpinus, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1623; Fl. Dan. t. 226.
Cornicularia vulpina, De Cand. Fl. Fr. 2, p. 329.

Evernia vulpina, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 23; Syn. p. 245; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 23; Tuckerm.
Lich. exs. n. 53.

Chlorea vulpina, Nyl. Prodr. p. 45.

Has. Spipen River, Oregon ; very luxuriantly fertile.

2. EVERNIA TRULLA, (Ach.) Ny.

Parmelia trulla, Ach. Meth. p. 256, tab. 4, f. 6.
Borrera trulla, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 496; Syn. p. 220.
Evernia trulla, Nyl. Enum. Gen. 1. c. p. 99.
Parmelia denudata, Hamp. in Linnea, 17, p. 121.

Has. Andes of Peru; with spermogonia, but without apothecia.

3. EVERNIA FURFURACEA, (Linn.) Mann.

Lichen furfuraceus, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. EH. Bot. t. 984.
Borrera furfuracea, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 500; Syn. p. 222.

Evernia furfuracea, Mann Lich. Boh. p. 105, cit. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 26; Tuckerm.
Lich. exs. n. 55; Nyl. Prodr. p. 47.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira; fertile. Near Lima, Peru;
infertile.

4, EvERNIA PRUNASTRI, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen prunastri, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. E. Bot. t. 859.

128 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Evernia prunastri, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 442; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 25; Tuckerm. Lich.
exs. n. 54; Nyl. Prodr. p. 46.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound, Oregon ; infertile.

5. EverniaA CANARIENSIS, (Ach.) Montag. (Tab. 1, fig. 2.)

Usnea dichotoma compressa segmentis capillaceis teretibus, Dill. Muse. tab. 13. £. 15.

Alectoria Canariensis, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 597; Syn. p. 293.

Lvernia Canariensis, Montag. Pl. Cell. in Webb & Berthel. Hist. Canar. p. 95, tab.
6, f. 1.

Chlorea Canariensis, Nyl. Enum. 1. c. p. 98.

Has. Tongatabu ; infertile—Agrees better with specimens of the
Canary lichen, from Dr. Montagne, than with the description of Acha-
rius. A single infertile sample was all that was obtained, the habit
of which is sufficiently exhibited by the figure.

10. RAMALINA, Ach.

1. RAMALINA USNEOIDES, (Ach.) Montag.

Lichen Usnea, L. Mant. 181 (Dill. Hist. Muse. t. 84, fig. 10).
Parmelia usneoides, Ach. Meth. p. 270.

Alectoria usneoides, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 594; Syn. p. 292.

Ramalina usneoides, Montag. Crypt. Bras. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 12, p. 46.

Has. Near Lagunas and Valparaiso, Chili.

2. Ramauina Menziesi, Jay.

Ramalina Menziesti, Tay]. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6, p. 189 (1847), Tuckerm.
Lich. exs. n. 57.

Ramalina retiformis (Menz. herb), Tuckerm. Synops. Lich. N. E. p. 12 (1848) ; Nyl.
Enum. 1. c. p. 99.

~

Has. Fort Nesqually, Puget Sound, and Port Discovery, Oregon.
Sacramento River, California.

LICHENES. 129

3. RAMALINA scopuLoRUM, (Retz.) Ach.

Lichen scopulorum, Retz. Obs. Bot. 4, p. 80, cit. Ach.
Ramalina scopulorum, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 604; Syn. p. 297; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 32 ;
Lich. Suec. n. 300; Nyl. Prodr. p. 48.

Has. Kaala Mountains. Society Islands, Oahu. Wilson’s Islands,
Paumotu group. Tonga, Fejee, and Samoan Islands.

4. RAMALINA ATTENUATA, (Fers.) Montag. (Tab. 1, fig. 3.)

Physcia attenuata, Pers. in Act. Wetterav. fide cel. Montag.
Ramalina attenuata, Montag. herb.

Has. Rio Janeiro. Mountains of Tahiti. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands,
and Kmio, Society Islands—The lichen from the first-mentioned
locality is what is figured, but the others appear to agree with it. It
is perhaps too near to some extreme forms of the last species. The
attenuate habit of the plant is shown in the figure.

0. RAMALINA RIGIDA, (Pers.) Ach.

Lichen rigidus, Pers. in schedula, ex. Ach. Syn. infra cit.
Ramalina rigida, Ach. Syn. p. 294; Montag. Cuba, 1. c. p. 285.

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

6. RAMALINA LAVIGATA, Fr.

Ramalina levigata, Fr. Pl. Homon. p. 283, fide ill. auctoris.

Cornicularia dein Parmelia Berterii, Spreng. Syst. 4, 1, p. 279.

Parmelia Ecklon, Spreng. |. c. Cur. Post. p. 328; Mey. & Flot. in Nov. Act. Nat.
Cur. 19, Suppl. p. 213; Nyl. Enum. |. ¢. p. 100.

Parmelia Celastri, Spreng. 1. ¢. fide Hamp. in herb. Berol.

Ramalina fraxinea var. membranacea, Laur. in Linnza, 2, p. 438, fide sched. in herb.
Berol.

Ramalina prolifera, Kunz. herb.
33

130 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Ramalina striatula, N. ab. Esenb. fide herb. Kunz.
Ramalina sepacea, Pers. ined. in herb. Montag.
Ramalina microcarpa, Pers. ined. fide. cl. Van den Bosch.

Has. Lagunas and Valparaiso, Chili—Found throughout South
America, and northward to Texas (Mr. Wright), and Louisiana (Dr.
Hale). It is also a native of Nepal (Herb. Hook.) and other parts of
_ the East Indies; of New Holland (Sieber) and of South Africa. R.
straminea (Pers.) Ach. possibly relates to this lichen; but Persoon’s
description is too imperfect, as Acharius (Syn. p. 295) admits, to de-
termine anything. Purmelia Berterti, Spreng., under its earlier desig-
nation of Cornicularia (Neue Entd. p. 98, fide auct.) may be next in
priority, but cannot be taken for a precise determination, as the author
not only included in his species the distinct R. rigida (Pers.) Ach.,
but subsequently described the Cape form of our Lichen as a new spe-
cies (f. Eckloni), and again (2. Celastri). There remains the name
given by Fries, which was, if we are not mistaken in the above, the
first distinct indication of what has proved a remarkable and wide-
spread species.

7. RAMALINA HOMALEA, Ach.

Ramalina homalea, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 598; Syn. p. 594; Nyl. Enum. Gen. Lich.
l. c. p. 100.

Usnea homalea, Fr. Pl. Homon. p. 234 ; Tuckerm. Enum. Lich. Amer. p. 47.

Desmazieria homalea, Mont. Chil. 1. c. p. 68; Syll. p. 818.

Has. San Francisco, California. Fuegia.—Presenting the whole
aspect of Usnea, but the spores agree with those of the present genus.

ll. CETRARIA, Ach.

1. CETRARIA ACULEATA, (Ehrh.) Fr.

Lichen aculeatus, Khrh. Orypt. n. 198, cit. Scher, Spicil. 1, p. 254.

Cornicularia aculeata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 612; Syn. p. 299.

Cetraria aculeata, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 35; Lich. Suec. n. 261; Montag. Canar. 1. ¢. ;
Nyl. Prodr. p. 48.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira; infertile.

LICHENES. 131

2, CETRARIA JUNIPERINA, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen juniperinus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1098, & Auctt.; Hoffm. Enum. t. 22, fig. 1

Cetraria juniperina, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 506; Syn. p. 226; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 40;
Lich. Suec. n. 171.

Platysma juniperinum, Nyl. Prodr. p. 49.

Has. Spipen River, Oregon ; fertile.

3. CETRARIA GLAUCA, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen glaucus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1094; Sm. E. Bot. t. 1606.

Cetraria glauca, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 509; Syn. p. 227; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 88; Lich.
Suec. n. 112.

Platysma glaucum, Nyl. Prodr. p. 49.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound, and Fort Nesqually, Oregon.
Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Infertile.

4. CETRARIA SEPINCOLA, (Ehrn.) Ach.

Lichen sepincola, Ehrh. Beytr. cit. Scher. ; Hoffm. Enum. t. 17, f. 1.

Cetraria sepincola, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 507 ; Syn. p. 227; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 39 ; Lich.
Suec. n. 170.

Platysma sepincola, Nyl. Prodr. p. 49.

Has. Port Discovery, Oregon (var. ulophylla). Fuegia; apparently
the same form, but the specimen far from good.

12. NEPHROMA, Ach.

1. NepHRoMA arcticum, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen arcticus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1099; Fl. Lapp. n. 442; & Auctt.
Lichen antarcticus, Jacq. Miscell. 2, tab. 10, f. 1, cit. Fr.

Peltidea polaris, Ach. Meth. p. 288.

Nephroma polare, Ach. Syn. p 241.

132 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Nephroma arcticum, Fr. Summ. Fl. Scand. p. 101; Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 62; Nyl.
Euum. |. ¢. p. 101.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia; fertile.

2. NEPHROMA L&VIGATUM, Ach.

Nephroma levigatum, Ach. Syn. p. 242.
Peltidea levigata, Sommerf. Suppl. Lapp. p. 125.
Nephromium levigatum, Nyl. Enum. Gen. 1. c. p. 101.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira; fertile. Also among Mosses,
Hawaii; but the specimen very imperfect.

13. PELTIGERA, Hofin.

1. PELTIGERA APHTHOSA, (Linn.) Hoffm.
Lichen aphthosus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1098; & Auctt.
Peltigera aphthosa, Hoffm. Fl. Germ. p. 107; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 44; Tuckerm. Lich.

exs. n. 9, & 102.
Peltidea aphthosa, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 516; Syn. p. 238.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound.

2. PELTIGERA CANINA, (Linn.) Hoffm.

Lichen caninus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1100; Sm. E. Bot. t. 2299.

Peltigera canina, Hoffm. 1. c. p. 106; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 45; Lich. Suec. n. 111;
Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 108.

Peltidea canina, Ach. Syn. p. 239, excels. var. 7, & s.

Has. Puget Sound, Oregon.

3. PELTIGERA RUFESCENS, (Neck.) Hojfm.

Lichen rufescens, Necker Meth. 79, cit. Ach. ; E. Bot. t. 2300.

LICHENES. 133

Peltigera rufescens, Hoffm. 1. c. p. 107; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 46; Tuckerm. Lich. exs.
n. 104.

Peltidea canina, var. crispa, Ach. Lich. Univ. p. 519 ; Syn. p. 239.

Has. Walls of the crater, East Maui, Sandwich Islands.

4. PELTIGERA POLYDACTYLA, (Neck.) Hojfm.

Lichen polydactylus, Necker Meth. 85, cit. Ach. infra.

Peltigera polydactyla, Hoffm. 1. ¢. p. 106; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 46; Tuckerm. Lich. exs.
n. 10.

Peltidea polydactyla, Ach, Lichenogr. p. 519; Syn. p. 240.

Has. Fort Nesqually, Oregon. Hawaii, and Kaala Mountains,
Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

Var. Furcensis: thallo atroviridi lobulis angustatis subtus efibrilloso
tomentoso venis crassis reticulato ; apothectis horizontalibus nigro-

Juscis. (Tab. 1, fig. 5.)
Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

Thallus smallish, dark blackish-green, dividing into numerous
narrow lobules ; beneath without fibres, but delicately tomentose, and
with prominent darker veins; the dark-fuscous apothecia transversely
oblong and horizontal.—Appearing in some respects intermediate be-
tween the variety a, Fr., and #. scutata, Fr. There is but a single spe-
cimen ; but the aspect of this is so peculiar, that I am unwilling to
pass it by without notice. The habit of the Lichen is well displayed
in Figure 1. The other drawings are by Mr. Sprague ;—2, shows a
lobe of the thallus, with an apothecium, slightly magnified; 3, a por-
tion of the lobe and apothecium cut lengthwise; 4, a smaller portion
of the apothecium, highly magnified, showing the filamentous medul-
lary layer appearing to pass into the denser cellular tissue of the hypo-
thecium, which is crowned by paraphyses, amongst which appear two
spore-sacks, containing imperfect spores; and 5, a vertical section of
the same lobe, exhibiting the cortical layer passing into the medullary,
a few clusters of gonidial cells between these layers indicating the

discontinuous green stratum, while the medullary layer is seen to pass
34

134 CRYPTOGAMIA.

at the under side (without the interposition of an epidermis, as in the
nearly related Nephroma), into the processes—in this case, anasto-
mosing tomentose veins—by which the Lichen is affixed to its matrix.

14. STICTA, Stchred., Ach.

1. SrictaA PuLMoNARIA, (Linn.) ‘Ach.

Lichen pulmonarius, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1087; Sm. E. Bot. t. 572.
Sticta pulmonacea, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 449; Syn. p. 283; Delis. Hist. Stict. p. 189;
Fr. Lichenogr. p. 58; Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 68.

Has. Fort Nesqually, and Spipen River, Oregon.

2, STICTA RETIGERA, (Bory) Ach.

Lichen retiger, Bory, Voy. 8, p. 101, citante Ach. infra.

Sticta retigera, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 455; Syn. p. 233; Delis. Stict. p. 147; Montag.
& Van den Bosch Lich. Javan. p. 15.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.—In the determination of the
species of this, on many accounts, difficult genus, I have been espe-
cially aided by a large set of specimens from the herbarium of Delise,
which I owe to the liberality of Mr. Lenormand; and in several puz-

ling instances, by the kindly communicated observations of Dr. Mon-
tagne.

3. STICTA SCROBICULATA, (Scop.) Ach.
Lichen scrobiculatus, Scopol. Fl. Carn. n. 1891; Sm. E. Bot. t. 497.
Sticta scrobiculata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 453; Syn. p. 234; Delis. Stict. p. 153; Fr.
Lichenogr. p. 538; Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 67.

Has. Madeira, upon trees; infertile.

4, Sricta Finix, (Sw.) Ach.

Lichen Filix, Sw. Meth. Muse. in Act. Med. Suec. 1, p. 201, tab. 15, f. 1, cit. Ach.;
Kjusd. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3, p. 1904.

LICHENES. 135

Platisma Filiz, Hoffm. Pl. Lich. 3, tab. 55.
Sticta filicina, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 445; Syn. p. 280; Delis. Stict. p. 105; Montag.
in Ann. Sci. t. 18, p. 6.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand (var. latifrons). Feejee Islands.

5. STICTA DAMACORNIS, (Sw.) Ach.

Lichen dameecornis, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. 3, p. 1900.
Sticta damecornis, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 446; Syn. p. 231 (c excl.); Delis. Stict.
p. 105.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti. Samoan Islands. Feejee Islands (var.
quercifolia, Eschw. Bras. |. c. p. 215). Andes of Peru. Organ Moun-
tains, Brazil (var. pinnatifida, Eschw. 1. ¢.).

6. SrictA CANARIENSIS, (Bory) Delis.

Pulmonarea Canariensis, Bory, Voy. ex Ach. infra cit.
Sticta Canariensis, Delis. Stict. p. 114, tab. 11, f. 45; Montag. herb.
Sticta damecornis, var. c, Ach. Syn. p. 281.

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Direction Islands, Feejee.—A doubt-
ful species, of an exceedingly perplexing group.

7. Sticta picHotomA, (Bory) Delis.

Lichen (Pulmonarea) dichotomus, Bory, Voy. cit. Delis. infra.
Sticta dichotoma, Delis. Stict. p. 107, tab. 9, f. 40; Montag. & Van den Bosch Lich.

Javan. p. 12.
Sticta Richardt var. pallida, Mey. & Flot. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. p. 216,
fide Montag.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Sandalwood Bay, Feejee
Islands.

8. Sticra QUERCIZANS, (Micha.) Ach.

Lobaria quercizans, Michx. Fl. Bor,—Am. 2, p. 324.
Parmelia quercizans, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 464.

136 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Sticta quercizans, Ach. Syn. p. 234; Delis. Stict. p. 84; Tuckerm. Synops. Lich. N. E
p. 22, & Lich. exs. n. 66.

Sticta Beauvoisii, Delis. Stict. p 83.

Has. Near Hido, Hawaiii—A small fragment, referred here on the
authority of Dr. Nylander.

9. STICTA VARIABILIS, (Bory) Ach. var. Boryana, Ny.

Lichen (Pulmonarea) calvus, Bory in herb. cit. Delis.
Sticta Boryana, Delis. Stict. p. 102, tab. 8, f. 37.

Sticta variabilis, var. Boryana, Ny]. Enum. Gen. 1. ¢. p. 102.

Has. Feejee Islands. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

10. Sricta ARGYRACEA, (Bory) Delis.
Lichen argyraceus, Bory, Voy. cit. Delis. infra.

Sticta argyracea, Delis. Stict. p. 91, t. 7, f. 30; Montag. Chil. 1. c. p. 116; Montag.
& Van den Bosch. Lich. Javan. p. 10.

Has. Waya-ruru Bay, New Zealand.

11. Sticta Freycrinetu, Delis.

Sticta Freycinetit, Delis. Stict. p. 124, tab. 14, f. 51.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

12. Sticta ANTHRASPIS, Ach.
Sticta anthraspis, Ach. Meth. p. 280, e specim. b. m. Menzies; Ach. Lichenogr. p.
449 ; Syn. p. 233.

Sticta cellulifera, Tay]. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8, p. 647, specim. b. m. auc-
toris.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.—First discovered by Mr. Menzies,
from whom Acharius had his specimen, at “Port Wentworth, N. W.

LICHENES. 137

coast of America.” A specimen given to me by the former does not
differ from the Lichen from Orange Harbor, nor from original speci-

mens of Dr. Taylor’s species (from Auckland’s and Campbell’s Island)
in the herbarium of Professor Gray.

13. StictaA TomMENTOSA, (Sw.) Ach.

Lichen tomentosus, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 3, p. 1908.

Sticta tomentosa, Ach. Meth. p 279; Lichenogr. p. 450; Syn. p. 284; Delis. Stict.
p. 73, tab. 6, f. 19.

Has. Peru. Forests of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

14. SrictA FAVEOLATA, Delis.
Sticta faveolata, Delis. Stict. p. 101, tab. 8, f. 36; Montag. Pol. Sud. p. 186.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Feejee Islands.—A fragment
from near Valparaiso varies in a fuscescent thallus, with shorter lobes,
and apparently also in the spores. Dr. Nylander, to whom I sent it,
refers this to his var. cervicornis (Flot.), Nyl. ined.

15. Sticra piscoLor, (Bory), Delis.

Lichen (Pulmonarea) discolor, Bory, Voy. e Delis. infra.
Sticta discolor, Delis. Stict. p. 186, tab. 16, f. 59.
Ricasolia discolor, Nyl. Enum. Gen. 1. c. p. 108.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti, Society Islands.

16. SticTA CARPOLOMA, Delis.

Sticta carpoloma, Delis. Stict. p. 159, tab. ult. fig. dextr.; Montag. Fl. Fernand. p.
113; Babingt. Lich. N. Zeal. p. 12, tab. 126.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands. Feejee Islands.
35

138 CRYPTOGAMIA.

17. StictA ENDOCHRYSA, Delis.

Sticta endochrysa, Delis. Stict. p. 48, tab. 1, f 1; Hook. f. Bot. Antarct. Voy. 2, p.
525, tab. 195, f. 2.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

18. StictA oRYGMHA, Ach.

Sticta orygmea, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 449; Syn. p. 283; Delis. Stict. p. 46, tab. 1,
f. 3; Montag. Pol. Sud, p. 190, tab. 15, f. 1.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

19. Srrcra PickERINGI, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1. fig. 6, 1, 2.)

S. thallo cartilagineo levi laciniato e glauco flavescente demum et fusces-
cente, lobis sinuatis rotundatis, marginibus elevatis plus minus vel lace-
ratis vel foliolis pulvinulisve coralloideis exasperatis, subtus leviter
tomentoso ambitu fuscoflavescente centro demum nigrescente ; cyphellis
punetiformibus citrinis ; apotheciis sparsis, disco demum convexo rufo-
nigro margine crassiusculo incurvo, extus ruguloso-papillosis.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

Frond smallish, apparently somewhat rosulate, sinuate-lobate, the
lobules rounded and sinuate-laciniate, and their elevated margins be-
coming at length thickly beset with leaflets and coralloid branchlets;
glaucous-flavescent, or, at length, darker. Under side tomentose, yel-
lowish-brown, becoming blackish at the centre. Cyphelle punctiform.
Apothecia of middling size, pedicellate, the disc at length a little con-
vex, reddish-black, the margin, and indeed the whole outside, rugu-
lose-papillate.-—Dedicated to Charles Pickering, M.D., &c., one of the
Naturalists to the Expedition.

20. Sticta crocata, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen crocatus, Linn. Mant. 310; Dicks. Crypt. fase. 2, p. 22.

LICHENES. 139

Sticta crocata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 447 ; Syn. p. 232; Delis. Stict. p. 56, tab. 4, f. 10;
Montag. Pol. Sud, p. 190; Tuckerm. Lich. exs. n. 65.

Has. Walls of crater, East Maui, and in Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

21. StictA AURATA, (Sm.) Ach.

Lichen auratus, Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 2359.

Sticta aurata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 448; Syn. p. 232; Delis. Stict. p. 49, tab. 2, f 5.
Parmelia aurata, Eschw. Bras. |. c. p. 216, tab. 14, f. 1.
Platisma crocatum, Hoffm. Pl. Lich. 2, tab. 38, f. 1, 2, 3.

)

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Bafios, Andes of
Peru. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

16. PARMELIA, Ach., Nyl.

1. PARMELIA PERLATA, (Linn.) Ach.

Lichen perlatus, Linn. & Auctt.; Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. 4, p. 273, t. 10.
Parmelia perlata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 458; Syn. p. 197; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 59 ; Mon-
tag. Cuba, 1. c. p. 281; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 15; Nyl. Prodr. p. 54.

Has. Rio Janeiro. Hawaii. Mountains of Tahiti: the apothecia
sometimes, as also in the North American Lichen, perforate. (Comp.
Eschw. Bras. 1. c. p. 207.) Tonga Islands.

2. PARMELIA PERFORATA, (Jacq.) Ach,

Lichen perforatus, Jacq. Coll. t. 1, p. 116, tab. 3, cit. Fr. infra.

Parmelia perforata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 459; Syn. p. 198; Fee. Cryptog. tab. 32, f.
3; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 69.

Platisma perforatum, Hoffm. Pl. Lich. 1, tab. 13.
Parmelia coriacea perforata, Eschw. Bras. 1. ¢. p. 206.

Has. Madeira; infertile. Rio Janeiro. Organ Mountains, Brazil,
Forests of Hawaii. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

140 CRYPTOGAMIA.,

3. PARMELIA sinvosa, (Sm.) Fr.

Lichen levigatus, dein sinuosus, Sm. E. Bot. tab. 1852, et 2050.
Parmelia sinuosa, Ach. Syn. p. 507 et.

Parmelia levigata, Ach. Syn. p. 212 (cf. Mey. Nebenst. p. 50).
Parmelia sinuosa, Fr, Lichenogr. p. 63; Montag. Chil. l. c. p. 181.

Has. Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

4. PARMELIA CERVICORNIS, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2, fig. 1).

P. thallo foliaceo expanso cartilagineo levigato glaucescente, lacintis elon-
gatis laxe implexis vel subimbricatis linearibus plano-concavis irregula-
riter subdichotomo-divisis apice bifidis obtusis, subtus atris papillosis
vel presertim ad margines villoso-fibrillosis ; apothectis scutelliformibus
subpedicellatis demum explanatis, disco badio margine integerrimo.
—Sporee i thecis suboctone, majuscule, ovoideo-ellipsoidece, simplices,
hyaline.

Has. Forests of Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

Thallus foliaceous, horizontal, appressed, cartilagineous, smooth,
glaucescent, of loosely imbricated, elongated-linear, plano-concave
lobes, which are irregularly dichotomous, and with forked, divergent,
obtuse tips. The under side is black and covered rather sparsely with
small papille, which pass here and there, especially at the margins,
into branched, densely crowded fibrille. Apothecia large, elevated-
subpedicellate, scutelliform, at length explanate, and the dark chestnut-
colored disk more or less covered by the incurved portions of the at
first entire, but at length coarsely crenate-cut margin. Spores largish,
ovoid-ellipsoid, simple, hyaline.—Nearest to the last species, but itself
approached closely by the largest states of ‘P. Caméschadalis, Eschw.
(Borrera, Ach., Parm. cirrhata, Fr. Pl. Homon. p. 283? e deser. P.
Americana, Montag. Chil. 1. c. p. 137.) Of the latter I possess nume-
rous specimens, both from South America and India, and find them
constantly different from our Lichen in their Everniaceous habit, which
reminds one at once rather of Evernia furfuracea, than of any true
Furmelia. There is no question of the generic position of our plant,

LICHENES. 141

and if it shall prove to be identical in species with the other just men-
tioned, it may be taken for the Parmeliaceous type of a species mainly
represented by aberrant Everniaceous forms. The spores of the In-
dian and South American lichens referred above to P. Camtschadalis,
are smaller than those of the Hawaian Lichen, and less ovoid;
their protoplasma is commonly less simple, developing not unfrequently
into two or more oily globules (sp. oleoso-monoblaste, Koerb.)

Figure 1 exhibits the habit of the Lichen, in the largest specimen or
clump which was obtained ; Figure 2, a specimen with apothecia; and
Figure 3, one showing the under side, all of natural size. The other
figures are by Mr. Sprague :—4, showing a large apothecium cut length-
wise, the spore-bearing layer and hypothecium, as they appear, slightly
magnified; 5, a portion of the inner part of the same, highly mag-
nified, the medullary layer at the bottom appearing well defined at
its point of union with the close tissue of the hypothecium, and the
latter at least equally distinct where it appears to receive the vertical —
paraphyses and spore-sacks (thecee) ; 6, a single spore-sack, with seve-
ral paraphyses, and containing six mature spores.

5, PARMELIA PHYSODES, (Linn.) Ach.
Lichen physodes, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1081; Sm. E. Bot. t. 126.

Parmelia physodes, Ach. Lichenogr. p, 492; Syn. p. 218; Montag. Canar. 1. c. p.
119; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 72; Nyl. Prodr. p. 56.

Has. New Zealand.

Var. vitrata (Ach.) : laciniis effusis linearibus subprolificantibus planius-
culis nigro-marginatis,

Has. Pico Ruivo, Madeira.

Var. ENTEROMORPHA (Tuckerm.) : laciniis effusis laxis ventricoso-inflatis ;
apothectis ventricoso-cyathiformibus demum explanatis.

_ Purmelia enteromorpha, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 494; Syn. p. 219.
Purmelia physodes, var. enteromorpha, Tuckerm. Synops. N. E. p. 28, & Lich. Exs. n.
73; Nyl. Enum. Gen. 1. ¢. p. 104.

Has. Fort Nesqually, and Puget Sound, Oregon.
36

142 CRYPTOGAMIA.

6. PARMELIA PERTUSA, (Schrank) Scheer.
Lichen pertusus, Schrank, Fl. Bavar. n. 1513, cit. Hoffm.
Parmelia pertusa, Scher. Spicil. p. 457; Nyl. Prodr. p- 56.
Lobaria terebrata, Hoffm. Fl. Germ. p. 151.
Parmelia terebrata, Mart. Fl. Crypt. Erlang. ; Tuckerm. Synops. N. E. p. 28, & Lich.
Exs. n. 16. |
Lichen dein Parmelia diatrypa, Ach. Syn. p. 219.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

7, PARMELIA SAXATILIS, (Linn.) Ach.
Lichen saxatilis, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1075; Sm. E. Bot. t. 603.
Parmelia saxatilis, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 469; Syn. p. 204; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 61; Lich.
Suec. n. 168; Nyl. Prodr. p. 55.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia. Pico Ruivo, Madeira.

8. Parmetta Borreri, Zurn.

Parmelia Borrer’, Turn. in Linn. Trans. t. ix, p. 148, tab. 18, f. 2; Ach. Lichenogr,
p. 461; Syn. p. 197; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 60; Nyl. Prodr. p. 55.

Var. &. RupEcTA (Tuckerm.): sorediis umarginatis ; thallo granulis ra-
mulisque isidioideis obsito,

Parmelia rudecta, Ach. Syn. p. 197 (var. 8. exclusa).
Parmelia Borreri 8. rudecta, Tuckerm. Synops. N. E. p. 26,

Has. Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

J. PARMELIA CAPERATA, (Linn.) Ach,
Lichen caperatus, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. E. Bot. t. 654.
Parmelia caperata, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 457 3 Syn. p. 196; Fr, Lichenogr. p. 69;
Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 75; Nyl. Prodr. p. O4,

Has. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

LICHENES. 143

10. PARMELIA CONSPERSA, (EHhrh.) Ach.

Lichen conspersus, Khrh. Crypt. cit. Fr.; Westr. Farglafy. t. 24.
Parmelia conspersa, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 486; Syn. p. 209; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 69;
Lich. Suec. n. 167; Nyl. Prodr. p. 57.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. East Maui, and Mauna
Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

16. PHY SCIA, (Fr) Ny.

1. Puyscra FLAvicans, (Sw.) DC.

Lichen flavicans, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1908.

Parmelia flavicans, Ach. Meth. p. 268.

Physcia flavicans, De Cand. Rapp. 1, 16; Fl. Fr. 4, p. 189; Nyl. Prodr. p. 59.

Borrera flavicans, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 504; Swartz. Lich. Amer. p. 15, tab. 11; Ach.
Syn. p. 224.

Hivernia flavicans, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 28; Montag. Cuba, |. ¢. p. 236.

Has. Near Callao and Lima, Peru. Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Friendly
Islands. Oahu and Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

2. PHYSCIA CHRYSOPHTHALMA, (Linn.) DC.

Lichen chrysophthalmus, Linn. & Auctt.; Sm. EH. Bot. t. 1088.

Parmelia chrysophthalma, Ach. Meth. p. 267; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 75; Tuckerm. Lich.
Exs. n. 80.

Physcia chrysophthalma, De Cand. FI. Fr. 2, p. 401; Nyl. Prodr. p. 60.

Borrera chrysophthalma, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 502; Syn. p. 224.

Has. Lagunas and Valparaiso, Chili. Organ Mountains, Brazil.
Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

3. PHYSCIA PARIETINA, (Linn.) Nyl.

Lichen parietinus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1080; Sm. EH. Bot. t. 194.
Parmelia parietina, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 463; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 72; Montag. Canar.
lc. p. 110; Tuckerm. Lich. Exs. n. 79.

144 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Physcia parietina, Koerb. Syst. Lich. Germ. p. 90; Nyl. Prodr. p. 60.
Has. Madeira.

4, PHYSCIA LEUCOMELA, (Linn.) Micha.

Lichen leucomelas, Linn.; Sw. Obs. Bot. tab. 11, f. 3, cit. Ach.
Physcia leucomelas, Michx. Fl. Amer. 2, p. 326; Nyl. Enum. 1. c. p. 106.

Parmelia leucomela, Ach. Meth. p. 256; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 76; Montag. Canar. 1. c.
p- 111; Chil. 1. ¢. p. 136.

Borrera leucomela, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 499; Syn. p. 222.

Has. Obrajillo, Andes of Peru, and near Lima. Lagunas and Val-
paraiso, Chili (var. latifolia, Mey. & Flot. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19,
Suppl. p. 221, tab. 3, f. 8). Hawaii. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

5. Payscra comosa, (Eschw.) Nyl.

Parmelia comosa, Eschw. Bras. 1. c. p. 119, & Ic. Sel. Crypt. tab. 18, f. 1.
Physcia comosa, Nyl. Enum. |. c. p. 106.

Parmelia galactophylla, Willd. herb.

Parmelia ciliaris, var. galactophylla, Tuckerm. Syn. Lich. N. E. p. 82.
Parmelia speciosa, var. galactophylla, Tuck. Lich. Exs. n. 82.

Has. Rio Janeiro.—Probably what Hoffmann refers to (Fl. Germ.
2, p. 144, his specimens being from Muhlenberg) as a variety of P.
ciliaris. And this appears, from his herbarium, to have been Floerke’s
opinion of the Lichen from Pennsylvania. But I possess specimens
which seem to connect the plant very closely with P. speciosa.

6. Puyscra APPLANATA, (Fée) Ny.

Parmelia applanata, Fée, Oryptog. p. 126, tab. 32, f. 2; Montag. Cuba, 1. ¢. p. 228,
tab. 8, f. 1.

Physcia applanata, Nyl. Enum. Gen. |. c. p. 107.

Has. Twigs of trees, Carlshoff Island, Paumotu Group. A frag-
ment, and infertile, but with the peculiar habit of this species. Accord-
ing to Dr. Montagne, the Lichen described by Prof. Fée, and himself,

should be referred to Purmelia picta (Sw.) Ach. (Montag. Syll. pp.
328-9 )

LICHENES. 145

17, UMBILICARIA, Aafm.

UMBILICARIA VELLEA, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen velleus, Linn. ex. auct. Ach. Lichenogr. p. 228, & Fr. infra.
Umbilicaria vellea, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 857; Nyl. Prodr. p. 65.

Has. Region of Sophora, on Mauna Loa, Hawaii. The specimen
infertile, and the determination therefore uncertain.

18. PYXINE, F&.

Pyxine Cocogs, (Ach.) Nyl.

Lichen Cocoes, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occid. 8, p. 1891.
Lecidea Cocoes, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 216; Swartz, Lich. Amer. p. 2, tab. 2.
Pyaxine Cocoes, Nyl. Enum. Gen. 1. c. p. 108.

Has. Twigs of trees, Carlshoff Island, Paumotu Group. Infertile,
but appears to belong to this species, which Mr. Wright has sent to
me in fine condition, from Cocoa palms in the Island of Cuba.

19. PANNARIA, Delis., Nyl.
1. PANNARIA PANNOSA, (Sw.) Delis.

Lichen pannosus, Swartz. Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1888.

Lecidea pannosa, Ach. Meth. p. 84.

Parmelia pannosa, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 465 ; Swartz Lich. Amer. p. 6, tab. 5.
Pannaria pannosa, Delis. in Dict. Class. cit. Duby; Nyl. Enum. 1. c. p. 109.

Has. Mountains of Tahiti. Paumotu Islands. Feejee Islands.

2. PANNARIA RUBIGINOSA, (Z’hunb.), Delrs.

Lichen rubiginosus, Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. p. 176 ; Wahl. Lapp. p. 424.

Parmelia rubiginosa, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 467; Syn. p.- 202; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 88 ;
Lich. Suec. n. 107.

Pannaria rubiginosa, Delis. 1. c. ; Duby Bot. Gall. 2, p. 606; Nyl. Prodr. p. 66.

Has. Summit of Pico Ruivo, Madeira. Mountains of Tahiti. Ha-

waii, Sandwich Islands.
37

146 CRYPTOGAMIA.

200. SQUAMARIA, DG, Ny.

1. SQUAMARIA CHRYSOLEUCA var. Dautoni, Jayl. (Tab. 1. fig. 4.)

Squamaria chrysoleuca var. Daltoni, Tayl. in Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. 2, p. 534, tab. 198.

Has. Snow line of the Andes of Chili, behind Santiago.—The figure
presents the habit of the Lichen, which, since this report was first pre-
pared, has been illustrated in the cited Antarctic Flora of Dr. Hooker.

21. PLACODIUM, DC, Nyi.
1. PLacopium PaumorenseE, Sp. Nov.

P. thallo subcartilagineo adnato e glauco albicante subtiliter pruinoso,
lacinws linearibus multifidis irregulariter imbricatis concrescentibusque
planwusculis nune sorediatis vel omnino granulatis apicibus rotundatis
crenatis ; hypothallo nigro; apotheciis sessilibus margine thallode vel
tumidulo prius inflexo discum vix demum cequante crenulato, vel ex-
cluso discum e plano convexiusculum opacum rufo-nigrum margine
proprio valido nitidulo cinctum fulciente.

Has. Carlshoff Island, Paumotu Group.

Thallus somewhat cartilagineous, adnate, glaucous-white, very deli-
cately pruinose ; lobes irregularly imbricated, here and there growing
together, linear, multifid, flattish, more or less besprinkled with soredia,
or altogether granulate. Hypothallus black. Apothecia sessile, with
a tumid, at length crenulate, thalline margin, which is finally excluded,
and the slightly convex, opaque, rufous-blackish disk is bordered only
by its strong proper margin. The specimen which afforded this diag-
nosis, in 1846, has since been lost from the collections of the govern-
ment, and I cannot, therefore, add anything to the above.

2. PLAcoDIUM MURORUM, (Hoffm.) DC.

Lichen murorum, Hoffm. Enum. p. 63, 9, f. 2.

Purmelia murorum, Ach. Meth. p. 195; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 115; Lich. Suec. n. 391.
Placodium murorum, De Cand. Fl. Fr. 2, p. 878 ; Nyl. Prodr. p. 73.

Lecanora murorum, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 433; Syn. p 181.

Has. California.

LICHENES. 147

22. LECANORA, Ach., Nyl.

1. LECANORA AURANTIACA, (Lightf.) Nyl.

Lichen aurantiacus, Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2, p. 810.

Lecidea aurantiaca, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 204; Syn. p. 50.
Biatora aurantiaca, Fr. Lich. Suee. n. 41; Tuckerm. Syn. p. 63.
Parmelia (Patellaria) aurantiaca, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 165.
Lecanora aurantiaca, Nyl. Prodr. p- 76.

Has. Twigs, with L. subfusca, Tahiti, Society Islands.

2. LECANORA PALLESCENS, (Linn.) Fr.

Lichen pallescens, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 944, & Auctt. e Fr. infra.

Lecanora pallescens, Fr. Lich. Suec. n. 103.

Parmelia pallescens, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 182; Tuckerm. Lich. Amer. n. 90.
Lecanora Parella, 8. pallescens, Ach. p. 370 ; Syn. p. 169; Nyl. Prodr. p. 84.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound, Oregon. A morbid state.

Var. ¢, PARELLA, Fr.

Lichen Parellus, L. Mant. p. 182; Sm. E. Bot. t. 727.
Patellaria Parella, Hoffm. Pl. Lich. tab. 12, f. 5.
Lecanora Parella, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 370; Syn. p. 169.
Parmelia (Patellaria) pallescens, @, Fr. Lichenogr. p. 138.

Has. Orange Harbor, Fuegia.

3. LECANoRA suBFuscA, Linn., Ach.

Lichen subfuscus, Linn. Fl. Suec. n. 1072, e Wahl. Fl. Lapp. p. 407.

Parmelia subfusca, Ach. Meth. p. 167; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 186; Eschw. Bras. 1. ¢. p-
181; Montag. Canar. 1. c. p. 115.

Lecanora subfusca, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 393 ; Syn. p. 157; Nyl. Prodr. p. 85.

Has. Tahiti. Carlshoff Island, Paumotu Group. All the speci-
mens are referable to the var. distans, Fr.

4, LECANORA ATRA, (Huds.) Ach.

Lichen ater, Hudson Fl. Ang. p. 530; Sm. E. Bot. t. 949.

148 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Parmelia atra, Ach. Meth. p 154; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 141; Lich. Suec. n. 208, 370;
Montag. Cuba, 1. ¢. p. 207.
Lecanora atra, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 8344; Syn. p. 146; Nyl. Prodr. p. 90.

Has. On trees, Carlshoff Island, Paumotu Group. This possesses
the spores of ZL. atra and L. subfusca, and differs from the latter,
just as ZL. atra does, in the disk being black within. The Lichen is
perhaps finer than ordinary states of LZ. atra, upon trunks; the margins
of the apothecia being more constantly and regularly crenulate, and
the disk quite commonly bespread with a delicate greenish bloom.

23. THELOTREMA, Ach.

THELOTREMA LEPADINUM, Ach.

Lichen lepadinus, Ach. Prodr. p. 30.

Thelotrema lepadinum, Ach. Meth. p. 182; Lichenogr. p. 312; Syn. p. 115; Fr.
Lichenogr. p. 428; Lich. Suec. n. 88; Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 180; Nyl.
Prodr. p. 100.

Has. Oregon.

24. CHNOGONIUM, Ehrenb.
Canoconium Linki, EKhrenb.

Cenogonium Linkii, Ehrenb. in Hor. Phys. Berol. p. 120, t. 27; Fée Cryptog. p.
138, tab. 2, f. 27; Montag. Cuba, 1. c. p. 108; Ejusd. Chili, 1. ¢. p. 211; Nyl.
Enum. Gen. |. c. p. 119.

Has. Organ Mountains, Brazil. This plant has been removed to
the Lecidinet by Dr. Nylander, and, it appears to me, with sufficient
reason.

26. GRAPHIS, Ach.
GRAPHIS Scripta, (Linn.) Ach.
Lichen scriptus, L. Fl. Suec. n. 1057, & Auctt.
Opeyrapha scripta, Ach. Meth. p. 80; Fr. Lichenogr. p. 370.
Graphis scripta, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 265; Syn. p. 81; Nyl. Prodr. p. 149.

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

INDEX.

SYNONYMES, AND THE NAMES OF GENERA AND SPECIES INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED, ARE IN ITALIC.

A. Cladonia aggregata, 120.
amaurocreea, 120.

Alectoria canariensis, 128. cornicularia, 120.

jubata, 126. | cornuta, 119.
sarmentosa, 126. decorticata, 121.
usneoides, 128. degenerans, 118.
digitata, 121.
fimbriata, 118.
furcata, 119.
gracilis, 118.

; Hawaiensis, 120.
Beeomyces fungoides, 117. isidioclada, 121.

retiporus, 120.

B.

macilenta, 120.
mitrula, 121.
muscigena, 121.

C. perfilata, 117.
perfoliata, 117.
Capitularia amaurocrea, 120. pulchella, 121.
degenerans, 118. pyxidata, 117.
Cenomyce aggregata, 120. rangiferina, 119.
cornicularia, 120. retipora, 120.
Jurcata, 119. spinigera, 117.
gonorega, 118. squamosa, 119.
retipora, 120. terebrata, 120.
spherulifera, 121. verticillaris, 117.
terebrata, 120. Ceenogonium Linkii, 148.
verticullaris, 117. Collema azureum, 115.
Cetraria aculeata, 130. marginellum, 115.
glauca, 131. tremelloides, 115.
juniperina, 131. Collemacei, 115.
sepincola, 181. Cornicularia aculeata, 130.
Chlorea canariensis, 128. Berterii, 129.
vulpina, 127. vulpina, 127.

38

150

D.

Desmazieria homalea, 180.

E.

Evernia flavicans, 1438.
jubata, 126.
ochroleuca, 127.
trulla, 127.
vulpina, 127.

G.

Graphis scripta, 148.

L.

Lecanora atra, 148.
aurantiaca, 147.
murorum, 146.
pallescens, 147.
parella, 147.
subfusca, 147.

Lecidea aurantiaca, 147.
cocoes, 145.

_ pannosa, 145.

Leptogium azureum, 115.

marginellum, 115.

tremelloides, 115.
Lichen aculeatus, 130.
aggregatus, 120.
aphthosus, 182.
arcticus, 131.
argyraceus, 136.
ater, 148.
aurantiacus, 147.
aurantiaco-ater, 125.
auratus, 189.
azureus, 115.
barbatus, 125.
calvus, 136.
canariensis, 185.

INDE X,

Lichen caninus, 132.
caperatus, 142.
chrysophthalmus, 148.
cocoes, 145.
conspersus, 143,
cornutus, 119.
crocatus, 188.
damezcornis, 135.
diatrypus, 1438.
dichotomus, 135.
digttatus, 121.
discolor, 137.
Filix, 184.
jimbriatus, 118.
flavicans, 143.
floridus, 125.
Sragilis, 116.
Jungoides, 117.
Jurcatus, 119.
Surfuraceus, 127.
glaucus, 181.
globiferus, 116.
gracilis, 118.
jubatus, 126.
juniperinus, 181.
levigatus, 140.
lepadinus, 149.
leucomelas, 144.
macilentus, 120.
marginellus, 115.
murorum, 146.
pallescens, 148.
pannosus, 145.
parellus, 148.
parietinus, 148.
paschalis, 128.
perforatus, 139.
perlatus, 139.
pertusus, 142.

| physodes, 141.
polydactylus, 133.
prunastri, 127.
pulmonarius, 184.
pyxidatus, 117.
ramulosus, 122.
rangiferinus, 119.

Lichen retiger, 134.
rigidus, 129.
rufescens, 132.
sarmentosus, 126.
saxatilis, 142.
scopulorum, 129.
scriptus, 149.
scrobiculatus, 134.
sepincola, 131.
sinuosus, 140.
subfuscus, 148.
tomentosus, 137.
Usnea, 128.
velleus, 145.
vulpinus, 127.

Lichenacei, 115.

Lobaria terebrata, 142.

N.

Nephroma arcticum, 131.
levigatum, 132.

Nephromium levigatum, 132.

Neuropogon melaxanthus, 125.

O.

Opegrapha scripta, 148.

oe,

Pannaria pannosa, 145.
rubiginosa, 145.

Parmelia Americana, 140.
applanata, 144.
aurantiaca, 147.
aurata, 139.
Berterii, 129.
Borreri, 142.
Camtschadalis, 140.
caperata, 142.
celastri, 129.,
cervicornis, 140.

INDE X.

Parmelia chrysophthaima, 148.
~ etliaris, 144.
cirrhata, 140.
conspersa, 143.
coriacea, 139.
denudata, 127.
diatrypa, 142.
Eckloni, 129.
enteromorpha, 141.
flavicans, 148.
galactophylla, 144.
levigata, 140.
leucomela, 140.
murorum, 146.
pallescens, 147.
pannosa, 145.
perforata, 139.
perlata, 139.
pertusa, 142.
physodes, 141.
rubiginosa, 145.
rudecta, 142.
saxatilis, 142.
sinuosa, 140.
spectosa, 144.
terebrata, 142.
usneoides, 128.
Patellaria parella, 147.
Peltidea aphthosa, 132.
canina, 182.
levigata, 132.
polaris, 131.
polydactyla, 138,
Peltigera aphthosa, 132.
canina, 132.
polydactyla, 133.
rufescens, 133.
Physcia applanata, 144.
attenuata, 129.
comosa, 144.
flavicans, 143.
leucomela, 144.
parietina, 1438.
Placodium murorum, 146.
Paumotense, 146.
Platisma crocatum, 189.

151

152

Platisma Filix, 135.
perforatum, 189.
Platysma glaucum, 181.
juniperinum, 181.
sepincola, 131.
Pycnothelia retipora, 120.
Pyxine cocoes, 145.

R.

Ramalina attenuata, 129. :
Jraxinea, 129.
homalea, 130.
leevigata, 129.
Menziesii, 128.
microcarpa, 180.
prolifera, 129.
retiformis, 128.
rigida, 129.
scopulorum, 129.
sepacea, 130.
straminea, 130.
striatula, 180.
usneoldes, 128.

Ricasolia discolor, 137.

S.

Siphula Pickeringii, 124.
pteruloides, 124.

Spherophorus coralloides, 116.

fragilis, 116.
globiferus, 116.
tener, 117.
Squamaria chrysoleuca, 146.
Stereocaulon albicans, 124.
denudatum, 123.
leporinum, 128.
Maderense, 122.
nanum, 124.
nanodes, 124.
paschale, 1238.

INDEX.

Stereocaulon ramulosum, 122.

spheerophoroides, 123.

tenellum, 123.
Vesuvianum, 122.
Sticta anthraspis, 136.
argyracea, 136.
aurata, 139.
Beauvoisti, 136.
Boryana, 136.
canariensis, 135.
carpoloma, 137.
cellulifera, 136.
dameecornis, 135.
dichotoma, 185.
discolor, 187.
endochrysa, 138
faveolata, 137.
jilticina, 185.
Filix, 134.
Freycinetii, 136.
orygmea, 138.
Pickeringii, 138.
pulmonacea, 134.
pulmonaria, 134.
quercizans, 135.
retigera, 134.
Richardi, 135.
tomentosa, 137.
variabilis, 136.

ha

Thelotrema lepadinum, 148.

U.

Umbilicaria vellea, 145.
Usnea aurantiaco-atra, 125.
barbata, 125.
Jasciata, 125.
melaxantha, 125.
sphacelata, 125.

ALG A.

BY

JACOB WHITMAN BAILEY

WILLIAM HENRY HARVEY.

4

ALG &.

TuE recent publication of several large Algological works, has ren-
dered it unnecessary to include, in this Report, any remarks upon the
present state of the science, or upon the classification of Algse. For
information upon these points, as well as for the Synonyms of many
of the species, we would refer to the Species, Genera, et Ordines Alga-
rum, by J. G. Agardh; the Phycologia of Kiitzing; and the Phycologia
Britannica, the Nereis Australis, and the Nereis Boreali-Americana, of
Professor Harvey.

Our Report is wholly founded upon an examination of the dried
specimens of the present collection, which were unaccompanied by
any notes, except the indication of the locality where each specimen
was gathered. The following list exhibits the species found at each
locality, and includes the characters of the new genera and species.
This is followed by a similar list of the Diatomaces, and other micro-
scopic objects found adhering to the Alge.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

PHyYLLosporA comosa, Agardh; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 253.
CYSTOPHYLLUM MuRICATUM, J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 231.
CYSTOPHORA MONILIFERA, J. Ag. l. c. p. 241.
Hormospora SIEBERI, Bory ; J. Ag. 1. c. p. 199.
ECKLONIA RADIATA, J. Ag. J. c. p. 146.

156 CRYPTOGAMIA.

PLocamium aucustuM, Hook. & Harv. ; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 122.
LAURENCIA CHSPITOSA, Lamour. ; Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 82.

NEW ZEALAND.

SPLACHINDIUM RUGOSUM, Grev. ; J. Agardh, Sp. p. 186.
HormosirA Briwarpiert, J. Ag. U. ¢. p. 199.

CYSTOPHORA RETORTA, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 243.

CYSTOPHORA MONILIFERA, J. Ag. U. c. p. 241.

Fucopium GLapiatus, J. Ag. l. c. p. 202.

DurVILLAA UTILIS, Bory ; J. Ag. l.c. p. 188.
CARPOPHYLLUM MASCHALOCARPUM, Grev. ; J. Ag. 1. c. p. 300.
SARGASSUM PLUMOSUM, Fich. ; J. Ag. l. c. p. 188.
SarGAssuM SINCLAIRU, Hook. & Harv. (Tab. 1.)

A single, imperfect specimen, gathered in the Bay of Islands, occurs
in this collection; which is in some measure doubtful, as it is without
the fruit or base of the stem. It is about a line in diameter below,
and tapers upward to less than half that size; and is undivided and
obtusely triangulate, or semiterete below. The lateral branches are
reflexed at their insertion, alternate, one or two inches asunder, simple
or pinnately decompound, bare of leaves in their lower half, but rough
with the spine-like petioles of old leaves; leafy above. Leaves from
an inch to one and a half inches long, three to four lines wide, very
unequal-sided at the base, and there attenuated and cuneate, obtuse at
the apex, oblongo-lanceolate, unequally toothed, or sub-entire. Vesi-
cles numerous, especially on the naked part of the branches, elliptical, on
short, terete petioles, mucronate, or tipped with a leaf. We refer this
specimen, with some hesitation, to S. Sinclair, Hook. & Harv., a little
understood species, of which no very complete specimens have yet
reached us. It agrees with those collected by Dr. Sinclair, in many
points, but wants the large incised lower leaves; and we regard it as
an older condition of the plant from which the lower leaves have dis-
appeared.

ALG &. 157

NOTHETA, Nov. Gen. Fucoidearum.

Frons parasitica, filiformis, prolifera, solida. Scaphidia per totam fron-
dem sparsa, in strato corticali infra superficiem excavata, sphoerica, cum
ostioli superficial per canalem communicantia. Spore intra perispo-
rium hyalinum lineari-obovatum parietale nidulantes. Puranemata
sumplicia. Alga parasitica, pusilla, organis nullis discretis, quasi
receptaculis Cystoseire vel Sargassi habitu referens.

Norueia ANoMALA, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 9, f. 3-6.)
Has. Bay of Islands; parasitic on Hormosira Sieberi.

Frond two or three inches high, twice as thick as hog’s bristles, fili-
form, slightly tapering at the base and apex, undivided, furnished
with lateral branches, which are similar to the primary frond, and
which arise from all sides proliferously; each young branch springing
from one of the scaphidia of an older branch. Branches and ramuli
successively smaller, the youngest fusiform and mostly arched. Sca-
phidia dispersed through all parts of the frond, immersed in the
cortical layer, spherical, with a rather large aperture. Spores in very
narrow, almost linear, slightly obovate, almost parietal perispores,
which are guarded by numerous simple paranemata. Color olivace-
ous; substance subcoriaceous.

This very curious production, if it be a separate organism, and not
some strange metamorphosis of the Hormosira upon which it grows,
must constitute a new genus, allied to Splachnidiwm, from which it is
distinguished, both by habit and by the solid structure of its frond.
It strikingly resembles the receptacles of the fruit of a Cystoseira or
Sargassum, if we can conceive these to grow, without a frond, directly
from the internodes of a Hormosira. The plant forms a little bush ;
but each branch rises, as it were, viviparously from the scaphidium of
a previous branch. We have not tested its connection with the Hor-
mosira, nor ascertained whether it springs from a scaphidium of that
plant. Should this be the case, it is not impossible that our Node may
be nothing but a spurious production, after all.

[Since the above was written, copious specimens have been received,
from various collectors in New Zealand and Australia; and Dr. Harvey

40

158 CRYPTOGAMIA.

has himself collected this curious parasite in many localities on the
south coast of Australia, and in Tasmania. He is now satisfied that
it 1s really a parasitic Alga, and not a metamorphic state of Hor-
mosira. A figure is given in Hooker’s Flora of New Zealand, tab.

109. W. H. HJ

Koxtonia Ricuarpiana, J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 147.

LESSONIA FUSCESCENS, J. Ag. l. c. p. 151.

SCYTOTHAMNUS AUSTRALIS, Hook. & Harv. ; J. Ag. 1. ¢. p. 64.

ZONARIA FLAVA, Ag.; J. Ag. 1. c. p. 110.

SPHACELARIA PANICULATA, Suhr. ; J. Ag. 1. ¢ p. 36.

Epinruron Corensol, Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 26, p. 10.

PoLyzontA HArveyANA, Decaisne ; Harv. 1. ¢. p. 72.

LAURENCIA opTUSA, Lamour. ; J. Ag. Sp. 2, p. 750.

LAURENCIA VIRGATA, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 752.

CLADHYMENIA OBLONGIFOLIA, Harv. in Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. ¢. 1138.

PLocaMIUM ABNORME, Hook. & Harv. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 548 ;
Harv. Ner, Austr. t. 43.

RuopyMENIA DicHoToma, Hook. & Harv. Fl. Antarc. 1, p. 186, t. 72.

GRACILARIA CORIACEA, Hook. & Harv. Fl. N. Zeal. 2, p. 48.

MELANTHALIA JAUBERTIANA, Mont. ; J. Ag. Sp. 2, p. 613.

GELIDIUM coRNEUM, Lamour. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 53.

PTEROCLADIA LucIDA, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 483.

GIGARTINA LIVIDA, Grev. (Chondrcelonium, Kiitz.)

GIGARTINA ALVEATA, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 271. (Mastocarpus, Kitz.)

GigARTINA (Mastocarpus) Raputa, J. Ag. 1. .

Ir1DZA MICANS, Bory ; Kiitz. Phyc. p. 726.

Ir1p#A LusoriA, Harv. (Tab. 3.)

I. fronde stipitata coriaceo-cartilaginea crassa, siccitate cornea, simplict
vel dichotome fissa, segmentis lineari-cuneatis basi attenuatis apice scepe
Jurcatis nunc margine integerimis nunc laciniatis pinnatifidisve nunc
margine proliferis.

ALG A. 159

Rhodymenia? lusoria, Grey. ! in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2, p. 329.
Has. Bay of Islands; first found by Richard Cunningham.

Fronds 6 to 18 inches long, from a slender stipe, which is from one
to three inches in length, a line or two in diameter, cylindrical for an
inch or more from its base, and then gradually flattening and expand-
ing into an irregular frond, which is cuneate at the base, and divided
above into numerous segments. Segments linear, attenuate at the base,
often as much as half an inch wide in the middle; thence attenuate
to the apex, which is often furcate; in many cases, irregularly sub-
divided, and bearing on their margins other segments in a pinnate or
proliferous manner. Color dull purple. Structure that of Jridea.
Cruciate spores are abundant in the surface-cells.

CALOPHYLLIS DISCIGERA, Miitz. Phyc. p. 746.
KaLLYMENIA WILKESII, Harv. & Bail.

Fragments of a seemingly new species, with the structure attributed
by Kiitzing to his genus Sarcophyllis.

APOPHLQA, Harv. (Tab. 2, f. 1.)

Frons carnoso-cartilaginea, crustacea, adnata, ramos breves mamille-
Jormes e disco emittens. Structura e filis tenuissimis excentricis den-
sissimis vreticulatim connexis constituta. Conceptacula numerosa,
spherica, tetrasporas parietales zonatim partitas paranematibus sufful-
tas foventia.—Alga littorea, rupestris, intense rubra, ramis uncialibus
crassissimis pluries dichotomis fastigiatis.

APoPHL@A SINCLARI, Harv. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 4, p. 549, & Hook.
Fl. N. Zeal. 2, p. 244, t. 116.

CLADOPHORA HERPESTICA, Kiitz. (Conferva, Mont.)

CoDIUM TOMENTOSUM, Ag.

CAULERPA SEDOIDES, Lamour. (Chauvinia, [iitz.)

ENTEROMORPHIA INTESTINALIS, Ag.

160 CRYPTOGAMIA.

CAPE HORN AND TERRA DEL FUEGO.

Durvittaa uTiiis, Bory ; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 188.

LESSONIA NIGRESCENS, Bory ; J. Ag. 1. ¢.

Macrocystis PYRIFERA, var. J. Ag. 1. c. p. 156.

Desmarestia Rossi, Hook. & Harv. Fl. Antare. t. 172, 178.

PritontA MaGeLiantca, J. Ag. sp. 2, p. 774.

ACANTHOCARPUS ANTARCTICUS, Hook. & Harv. Fl. Antarce. t. 181.

CALLOPHYLLIS VARIEGATA, Kiitz. 1. c. p. 745.

GyMNoGonGRUS PLICATUS, Kitz. 1. c. p. 789.

GigartINA (Mastocarpus) Raputa, Kiitz. 1. ¢. p. 733.

Copium Tomentosum, Ag. ; Witz. 1. c. p. 500.

ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESSA, Kiitz. J. ¢. p. 480.

Bauuia Brunonis, Harv. (B. callitricha, & B. Hombroniana, Kiitz.
l. c. p. 663),

NORTHWEST AMERICA, CHIEFLY PUGET SOUND.

Fucus vesicutosus, Linn. ; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 210.
Fucus rasrietatus, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 203.

PuytuosporA Menzigsu, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 254.
Macrocystls pyrirera, Ag. ; J. Ag. 1. ¢. p. 156.
CosrartA Mertensu, J. Ag. 1. c. p. 140.
DESMARESTIA ACULEATA, Lamour. ; J. Ag. 1. ¢. p. 167.
Ruopomeia Larix, Ag. (Lophuria, Kiitz.).

Dasya (Stichocarpus) pLumosa, Harv. & Bail.

D. fronde inarticulata compressa ancipiti bi-tripinnata, pinnis elongatis
pinnulisque brevibus alternis, ramellis monosiphonits distichis crebris
sepius oppositis strictis simplicibus vel Surcatis, axillis angustis, arti-
culis ramellorum cylindricis diametro triplo longioribus.

Has. Puget Sound.

ALG A, 161

A single imperfect specimen of this plant is in the collection. The
above-mentioned characters sufficiently distinguish it from any other
member of the genus. In habit it resembles a Ptilota; but the cross-
section of the stem shows the structure of Dasya. The frond is seve-
ral inches long, ovate in outline, twice or thrice pinnate; the pinnz
alternate and elongated ; the pinnules short. Both pinne and pinnules
are beset throughout with short, distichous, opposite, jointed ramelli.
The branches are strongly compressed and somewhat two-edged, quite
opaque, and coated with small cells. Color, a clear carmine.

BoTRYOCARPUM PLATYCARPUM, Miitz.; Harv. Ner. Bor. Am. 2, p. 100.
HyYMENENA FissA, Grev. ; Harv. 1. c. p. 101.

HYMENENA FIMBRIATA, Post. & Ruppr.; Harv. 1. c. p. 102.
PLocamiuM coccineuM, Lyngb. ; Harv. 1. ¢. p. 153.

Ruopymenia WiLkesu, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 4.)

h. stipite brevi cartilaginea compressa mox cuneato-plana et in laminam
1—3-pedalem lato-lanceolatam subindivisam membranaceam sanguineo-
rubescentum explanata; coccidiis numerosissimis per frondem densis-
sume sparsis.*

Has. Straits of San Juan de Fuca.

Root scutate. Fronds tufted, rising with a compressed cartilaginous
stem ; which, at about half an inch to an inch in height, becomes
flattened, cuneate, and gradually widens out and is lost in the base of
a broadly lanceolate lamina, from one to three feet in length, and from
4 to 8 or 10 inches in breadth. Lamina obovate-lanceolate, much
attenuated at the base, entire? or sometimes forked, commonly quite
simple, of a pale, sanguineous red, fading to greenish; the newer por-
tion formed, as in the Laminarie, between the apex of the cartilagi-
nous stem, and the base of the expanded portion of the frond. Coce-
cidia about as large as poppy-seed, spherical, extremely numerous,
imbedded in the lamina, and scattered thickly through three-fourths
of it, commencing near the apex, and gradually extending towards
the base.

* For the reasons given in the Nere/s Boreali-Americana, 2, p. 147, the name of this
species must be changed to Rhodymenia pertusa, J. Ag. Sp. Alg. 2, p. 376. W. H. H.
41

162 CRYPTOGAMIA.

A very fine species, quite unlike any of the genus hitherto described.
It has the habit of an Jridwa, the abundant scattered fruit of a Kal-
lymenia, and the essential structure of a Rhodymenia.

CAaLOPHYLLIS LACINIATA, Witz. l. c. ; Harv. Nev. Bor. Am. 2, p. 171.
RuAsponia Couttert, Harv. Ner. Bor. Am. 2, p. 154, t. 23.

Rh. radice fibrosa ; caule erecto busi attenuate sursum incrassato simplici
ramos alternos emittente ; ramis incrassatis basi attenuatis vermicula-
ribus nunc nudis nunc alterne ramulosis patentibus ; coccidtis conicis
numerosis per TAMOS sparsis.

Has. Puget Sound. (Monterey, California, Coulter.)

Fronds rising from a mass of fibres, 6 to 8 inches long, much attenu-
ated below, gradually thickened upwards, and at length more than a
line in diameter above, shrinking much in drying, undivided, naked
below, furnished with alternate or secund branches above, from an
eighth to a fourth, or even half an inch apart. Branches from one
to three or four inches in length, tapering at the base, and thickened
upwards, obtuse and worm-like, or acute, naked, or with a few secon-
dary alternate branches, similar to the primary ones. Coccidia abun-
dant on the branches, prominent, conical. Structure dense; the axis
composed of numerous filaments. Color a dark-purplish red. Sub-
stance cartilaginous, shrinking much in drying.—Description chiefly
from Coulter’s specimens, which are more perfect than those brought
home by the Expedition.

AMPHIROA CALIFORNICA, Decaisne ; Harv. Ner. Bor. Am. 2, p. 86.

HALOSACCION HYDROPHORA, J. Ag. sp. 2, p. 358; Fost. & Ruppr. Fl.
t. 26.

CoRALLINA OFFICINALIS, Hillis & Soland.; Harv. Ner. Bor. Am. l. e.

PRIONITES LANCEOLATA, Harv. l. c. 2, p. 197, t. 27.

Gigaxtina (Mastocarpus) Rapuua, Miitz. ; Harv. 1. ¢.

GicgARTINA (MasrocaRPus) coryMBIFERA, Kiitz. (G. Radula, var.)

GicartiInA (MerRocaRPUS) EXasPERATA, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 5.)

G. fronde stipite mox in laminam coriaceo-membranaceam bi-tripedalem
lato-lanceolatam integram dilatata, margine imcrassato eroso-dentato et

ALG &. 168

appendiculato, disco utrinque spinulis simplicibus ramosisve dense con-
sperso ; coccidiis pedicellatis in spinulis marginalibus et e disco ortis
immersis.

Has. Puget Sound, opposite Fort Nisqually.

Frond 2 or 3 feet long, 6 to 10 inches wide, rising with a short
stem; which soon dilates into a single lanceolate lamina, jagged, and
irregularly dentate at the margin, and roughened all over both sur-
faces with short spinules, which are either simple or forked. Sub-
stance thin (much thinner than that of G. Radula), but leathery when
dry. Color a fine purple. Fruit pedicellate, borne toward the base
of the frond, in the marginal or discal spines.

GIGARTINA MOLLIS, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 6, f. 3, 4.)

G. fronde cartilaginea plano-compressa lineari disticha pinnatim ramosu
purpurea, ramis ramulisque alternis vel oppositis erectis basi angulatis
attenuatis integris vel denticulatis apice pinnatis, ramulis ultimis an-
gustis subfiliformibus.

Has. Puget Sound.

Frond 3 or 4 inches high, a line or a line and a half wide, distich-
ously branched, from once to thrice pinnated; the pinne (and pin-
nules) all very erect, naked below, closely set with pinnules above,
narrowed toward the base and apex, sometimes forked, and then each
division pinnulated. Color purple. Substance cartilaginous, soon
decomposing, if moistened after having been once dried, and then
closely adherent to paper.

Ir1p#A Mertensiana, Post. & Ruppr. Fl. t. 23.

PTILOTA ASPLENIOIDES, J. Ag. Sp. 2, p. 98; Post. & Ruppr. l. c. t. 29.
Pritota PLUMOSA, J. Ag. l. c. Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 80.

CERAMIUM RUBRUM, Ag.; Harv. Ner. Bor. Am. 1. c.

PoRPHYRA VULGARIS, var. Harv. Ner. Bor. Am 1. ¢.

Uva Latissima, Linn. ; Harv. 1. ¢.

ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESSA, Grev.; SMiitz. 1. c. p. 480.

164 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Nostoc ExPANSUM, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 6, f. 1, 2.)

N. terrestre ; thallo ecpanso irregulariter lobato prasino, filis periphericis
arctissime intricatis densissimis, centralibus laxe wmbricatis dilute
eruginosis, cellulis sphericis vel ellipsoideis ; spermatits sphericis,

Has. Puget Sound.

Frond 8 inches long and 4 inches broad, perhaps formed by the con-
fluence of numerous individuals, very firm and leathery, uniformly
about as thick as a wafer, composed of jointed moniliform filaments,
which are very closely packed near the exterior surface, but loosely
scattered in a firm jelly in the interior. The articulations of the fila-
ments are generally small, spherical or slightly elliptical, but occasion-
ally larger and of a globular shape. '

A single specimen of this beautiful plant was collected near Puget
Sound. The earth adhering to it, containing many fluviatile Diato-
macece, indicates that the plant grew in a place permanently wet with
fresh water.

VALPARAISO, CHILI.

DurVILL&A UTILIS, Bory ; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 187.
SARGASSUM CryMosuM, Ag. ; J. Ag. l. c. p. 341.
MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA, Ag.; J. Ag. 1. c. p. 156.
LESSONIA NIGRESCENS, Bory ; J. Ag. l. c. p. 151.
LAURENCIA VIRGATA, J. Ag. Sp. 2, p. Td2.

RHODYMENIA CORALLINA, Grev. ; Wiitz. 1. e. p. 780.
CALLOPHYLLIS VARIEGATA, [ditz. l.c.; J. Ag. 1. c. p. 302.
Hypn#a muscirormis, Lamour. ; Kiitz. l. ec. p. 758.
GYMNOGONGRUS VERMICULARIS, J. Ag. (Tab. 6, f. 5, 6.)

G. fronde compressa (siccitate fere plana) lineari-angusta repetite dicho-
toma fastigiata, axillis obtusis, apicibus obtusis furcatisve ; coccidiis
Srequentibus in ramis minoribus semi-immersis parvis.

Fucus VERMICULARIS, Zurn. Brit. Fuc. t. 221.

ALG &. 165
GRACILARIA CONCINNA, Sond. in Herb. T. C. D.

Frond 2 or 3 inches high, from half a line to nearly a line in
breadth, compressed or nearly flat when dry, corrugated longitudinally
from shrinking, repeatedly and regularly dichotomous, with wide axils
and very obtuse and bifid apices; the branches fastigiate. Substance
cartilaginous, rigid when dry. Color a dull greenish-purple, darker
toward the tips. Coccidia small, half sunk in the ramull.

GRATELOUPIA CuTLERIA, Binder; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 188.
TRIDHA LAMINARIOIDES, Bory ; Kiitz. l. c. p. 726.
Cuonprus EXILIS, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 6, fig. 1, 2.)
C. pusillus; fronde unciali complanata anguste lineari crebre dicho-
toma, axillis patentibus rotundatis, segmentis linearibus apicibusque

obtusis.

Root scutate. Frond scarcely an inch high, from a quarter to half
a line in breadth, flat, linear, closely and repeatedly dichotomous,
with rounded axils and patent linear segments; the apices truncate
or very obtuse, sometimes retuse. Substance cartilagineo-corneous,
rigid when dry. Color, a dull brownish-red.

GYMNOGONGRUS DENDROIDES, Harv. & Bail. Vide infra, p. 169.
CENTROCERAS CLAVULATUM, J. Ag. Sp. 2, p. 148.

Conrerva REA, Dillw. Conf. ; Hare. Phyc. Brit. t. 99.
Copium ADHa@RENS, Ag.; Harv. l. c. t. 35.

Unva Linza, Linn. ; Harv. l. c. t. 39.

Utva Latissima, Linn. ; Harv. lc. t.171.

RIO DE JANEIRO.

SARGASSUM VULGARE, Ag. ; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 342.
SarGassum cymosum, Ag.? (Sterile).

Papina Pavonta, Adans.; J. Ag. l. ¢. p. 113.

Dicryota BARTAYRESIANA, Lamour. ; J. Ag. l. ¢..1, p. 94.

Coprum tomentosum, Ag.; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t, 93.
42

166 CRYPTOGAMIA.,.

CAULERPA CLAVIFERA, Ag.; Kiitz. 1. c.
Utva tatissmma, Linn.; Harv. 1. c. t. 171.

ENTEROMORPHA ComPRESSA, Grev.; Harv. l. c. t. 335.

NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN.

SARGASSUM VULGARE, Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 342.
SARGASSUM BACCIFERUM, Ag.; J. Ag. I. ©.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.

CHNOOSPORA FASTIGIATA, var. ATLANTICA, J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 172.
Ecrocarpus namutosus, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 7, fig. 3-5.)

E, ceespite brevi densissime implicato, filis impleais curvatis vage ramosis,
ramis horizontalibus refractisque secundis vel alternis, ramulis hamatis
simplicibus vel furcatis patentissimis sparsis, articulis diametro duplo
triplove longioribus ; sporis spheericis vel ovalibus ramulos terminantibus
(t. €. pedicellatis) .

Tufts scarcely an inch high, very dense. Filaments matted together,
irregularly branched ; the branches spreading at right angles or reflexed,
very unequal in length, secund or alternate, producing a few scattered,
short, hooked ramuli, some of which are simple, some forked, and
some yet more divided. Articulations twice or thrice as long as broad,
with brown endochrome. Spores terminating the ramuli, either glo-
bose or oval. A very curious and well-characterized species.

LAvRENCIA caspitosa, Lamour. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. p. 286.
Hypna@a muscirormis, Lamour. ; Kiitz. 1. c. p. 758.
GELIDIUM CoRNEUM, Lamour. ; Kiitz. l. c. p. 764.

CHONDRUS UNCIALIS, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 7, fig. 67.)

C. fronde unciali stipitata sursum flabelliformi angustissima plano-com-
pressa multoties dichotoma fastigiata, axillis patentibus, apicibus
bifidis.

Frond stipitate. Stipe half the length of the frond, simple, flattened,
ending in a repeatedly dichotomous lamina; segments as narrow as

ALG &. 167

the stipe, a quarter of a line wide, flattened, linear, fastigiate, with
patent axils. Color, a dull purple-red.

A minute species, much smaller than any form of ©. crispus, more
nearly allied to our C. exilis, but differing in being distinctly stipi-
tate. |

CAULERPA CLAVIFERA, Ag.; Kuitz. 1. c. p. 498.
CLADOPHORA FASCICULARIS, Mert.; Kiitz. 1. c. p. 393.
CONFERVA MEDIA, Ag. Syst. p. 100.

ULva Latissima, Ag. 1. ©.

MADEIRA.

CYSTOSEIRA CONCATENATA, J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 218 ?.
Papina Pavonta, Linn.; J. Ag. 1. ¢. p. 118.
ZONARIA LOBATA, Ag.; J. Ag. l. c. p. 109 ?.
Dicryora picHotoma, J. Ag. U. c. p. 92.
SPHACELARIA SCoPARIA, J. Ag. l. c. p. 36.
GELIDIUM CoRNEUM, Lamour. ; Kiitz. l. c. p. 764.
CENTROCERAS CLAVULATUM, J. Ag. 1. c. 2, p. 148.
Copium ToMENTOSUM, Ag. ; Miitz. 1. c. p. 500.
Utva LatissimA, Linn. ; Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 171.

LIicHINA PYGMAA, Ag. (Now referred to Lichenes.)

PACIFIC ISLANDS.

TURBINARIA VULGARIS, J. Ag. Sp. 1, p. 267. Tongatabu.

TURBINARIA ORNATA, J. Ag. 7. c. Sandwich, Society, Wake, and
Feejee Islands.

SARGASSUM ECHINOCARPUM, J. Ag. l. c. p. 266. Sandwich Islands.

SARGASSUM CyMosuM, Ag. Sandwich Islands.

SARGASSUM VULGARE, Ag. Pacific Islands.

SARGASSUM POLYcIsTUM, Ag. Tongatabu, Feejee Islands.

168 CRYPTOGAMIA.

SARGASSUM POLYPHYLLUM, J. Ag. 1. c. Sandwich Islands.

SARGASSUM PARVIFOLIUM, Ag. Tongatabu.

CHNOOSPORA PANNOSA, J. Ag. Eimeo, Society Islands.

Dicryota AcuTILOBA, J. Ag. Sandwich Islands.

Dictyora BipENTATA, Harv. & Bail. (Vide infra, p. 178, t. 8), Feejee
Islands.

HYDROCLATHRUS CANCELLATUS, Bory. Sandwich and Feejee Islands.

ASPEROCOCCUS sInuosUS, Ay. Sandwich and Society Islands.

PapiIna PAvonta, Adans. Feejee, Sandwich, Society, Tonga, and
Wake Islands.

H{ALISERIS PLAGIOGRAMMA, Mont. Wake and Sandwich Islands.

AMANSIA GLOMERATA, Lamour. Feejee and Sandwich Islands.

LAvRENCIA Fosteri, Grev.? Harv. Ner. Austr. p. 85. Oahu.

GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Ag. Sandwich Islands.

GRACILARIA DUMOSA, Harv. & Bail.

G. frondibus crassissimis dense pulvinatis dichotomis fustigiatis teretibus
vel viz compressis, ramis ramulisque divaricatis, axillis rotundatis,
apicibus attenuatis acutis ; cystocarpiis hemisphericis sparsis.

Has. Tongatabu. [Since gathered abundantly by Prof. Harvey at
the same island.] —

Fronds occurring in dense, cushion-like mats, several inches long
and broad. ach individual frond is three or four inches long, and
one or two lines in diameter, much branched and bushy; the branches
spreading in all directions, and very patent or even divaricate. The
ramification is irregularly dichotomous; the upper branches are
gradually less thick; the ultimate ramuli slender and tapering to a
sharp point. Cystocarps occur sparingly on the larger branches. The
color, when growing, is.a dark or blackish-purple; but all the Expedi-
tion specimens have been bleached in the sun to a dirty white. The
substance of the plant is cartilaginous, and the frond shrinks much in
drying.

ALG &. 169

GRACILARIA FILIFORMIS, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 7, fig. 8, 9.)

G. fronde spithamea filiformi gracili e basi dichotoma pluries divisa,
ramis flecuosis, axillis obtusis, apicibus acutis vel subulatis, ramulis
lateralibus vix ullis.

Has. Under Diamond Hill, Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

Frond 4 to 6 inches long, as thick as pack-thread, filiform, pretty
regularly dichotomous, divided from the base. Axils all rounded, and
apices acute. Color a dull red. More regularly dichotomous than
G. confervoides. We have not seen the fruit.

GRACILARIA CONFERVOIDES, Grev. Feejee Islands.

ACANTHOPHORA MUSCOIDES, Grev.? Feejee Islands.

Hypna@a Mmuscirormis, Lamour. Pacific Islands.

HyYPnamA DIVARICATA, Grev. Pacific Islands.

Hypna@a ruGuLosA, Mont. Wailuka, Sandwich, Islands.

Hypn@a cCHLoROIDES, Lamour. ?. Var. rumulis densissimis scepius
maultifidis,

Has. Diamond Hill, Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

CHONDRUS crispuUSs, Ag. Byron’s Bay, Hawaii.

GYMNOGONGRUS ? DENDROIDES, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 7, fig. 10, 11.)
G. crassus, stipitatus ; stipite elongato apice in ramos crebre dichotomos vel

erregulares soluto, rumis nunc pluries furcatis nunc vage ramosis flex-

uosis ramulis lateralibus filiformibus onustis, axillis rotundatis, apici-

bus obtusis, ramis fructiferis nodosis favellidia numerosa foventibus.

Has. Cook’s Rock and Byron’s Bay, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

Fronds tufted, stipitate. Stipe 2 or 3 inches long, ending in a den-
droid head of branches, which in young specimens are pretty regu-
larly dichotomous, but in older ones irregular by the development of
lateral branches. Branches terete, as thick as packthread, much curved,
very irregular in division, patent, with obtuse axils and apices; the
ramuli widely spreading. Structure exactly as in Gymnogongrus.
Favellidia abundant in the ultimate branches, immersed; the branch
swelling into knots where favellidia occur. Substance cartilaginous,

horny when dry. Color dull brownish-red. Surface rather glossy.
43

170 CRYPTOGAMIA.

We should have taken this species (which we have also from Chili;
vide p. 165), to be Kiitzing’s G. implicatus, had that author mentioned
the stipe, which forms one of the most striking features in our plant,
and which could not have been overlooked by so acute an observer as
Kiitzing. The fruit-bearing branches are not unlike those of Chon-
drus vermicularis, from which, in other respects, our plant widely
differs. It would be satisfactory to see specimens with tetraspores,
a knowledge of which is necessary, in order to fix the genus defi-
nitely.

GELIDIUM INTRICATUM, Kitz. Pacific Islands.

GELIDIUM RADICANS, Mont. Feejee Islands.

GELIDIUM RIGIDUM, var. UNILATERALE, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 7.)

G. fronde lineari angusta compressa ramosa, ramis arcuatis plerumque
secundis patentibus, ramulis secundis horizontalibus obtusis filiformi-
bus. .

Has. Tahiti, Society Islands.

Fronds 3 or 4 inches long, setaceous, compressed, vaguely branched ;
the principal divisions having a few distant, arching, secund branch-
lets, two inches long or more, naked below, above furnished with
several horizontally patent, filiform, secund branchlets, which are
either naked or bear a few other, tertiary ramuli. Color purplish,
changing to green. Substance very horny.

A well-marked variety, which seems worth notice. Several speci-
mens were collected, agreeing with the above characters.

GALAXAURA LAPIDESCENS, Lamour. Feejee Islands. Tongatabu.
GALAXAURA ANNULATA, Lamour. Waikula, Sandwich Islands.
GALAXAURA MARGINATA, Lamour. Feejee Islands.

LiaGoraA HIRTA, Harv. & Bail.

L. subcalearea, vage ramosa ; ramis alternis vel oppositis elongatis attenu-
atis sumplicibus vel furcatis velutino-hirtis purpureis, ramulis latera-
libus paucis filiformibus.

Has. Navigators’ Islands.

ALG A. 171

Frond 4 inches or more in length, irregularly divided; the branches
alternate or opposite, 3 or 4 inches long, much attenuated to the apex,
and either simple or once, rarely twice, forked; either destitute of
ramuli, or with a few lateral ones. All the frond is, as it were, hairy
with short pile, this being the tips of the filaments of the periphery
protruding through the lime-covered frond. These filaments are
remarkably robust in this species.

Hauimepa Tuna, Lamour. ? Feejee Islands.

The lower part of our specimen is wanting, but the upper part
agrees perfectly with Ellis and Solander’s figure of A. Tuna.
CAULERPA CLAVIFERA, Ag. Tongatabu and Feejee Islands.
CAULERPA CLAVIFERA, va. LAMOUROUXI. Tongatabu.
CAuLerPA Freycinetu, Ag. Wilson’s Island and Tongatabu.
CAULERPA MAMILLOSA, Mont. Rosa and Wake Islands.
CAULERPA PLUMARIS, Ag. Tongatabu and Feejee Islands.
CAULERPA FALCIFOLIA, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 8, fig. 4, 5.)
C. caule repente glabro, ramis erectis simplicibus vel furcatis foliosis ;
foliis densissimis undique insertis imbricatis falcatis compressis mucro-
natis.

Has. Tongatabu. [Also Lifuka and Vavau.—W. H. H.]

Stem slender, glabrous. Branches erect, 2 or 3 inches high, densely
clothed with closely set imbricated leaves, inserted on all sides.
Leaves nearly 2 lines long, compressed, falcate, mucronate.

CauLerPA Pickerinci, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 8, fig. 1-3.)

C. caule prostrato spongioso foliis densissime vestito per totam longitu-
dinem radicante, ramis erectis brevibus mamilleformibus spongiosis
foliosis ; foliis verticillatis creberrimis horizontalibus pluries dichotomis,
segmentis fastigratis apicibusque furcatis vel bimucronatis.

Has. Wilson’s Island, Paumotu Group.

Fronds prostrate, rooting along the whole under side, branched, and
densely leafy, several inches long, a quarter of an inch in diameter,

172 CRYPTOGAMITA.

sponge-like. Branches erect, from one-quarter to half an inch high,
spongy, like the stem, densely clothed with whorled patent leaves,
which are so closely imbricated that their points alone are visible.

A very remarkable species, with the external habit of a Codium,
but the structure of a Cuulerpa. We have great satisfaction in affix-
ing to it the name of Dr. Pickering, who collected many of the Ales
here described, and whose ethnological writings are so well-known
and appreciated.

VALONIA INTRICATA, Ag. Tonga Islands.

DicTyosPpHARIA FAVULOSA, Decaisne. Wake Island.

CopiuM ToMENTOsuM, Ag, Sandwich Islands.

Micropicryon AGarprAnum, Decaisne. Wilson’s and Vincennes
Islands, Paumotu Group.

CLADOPHORA composita, Harv. Sandwich Islands, Oahu.

CLADIPHORA HERPESTICA, Mont. Tongatabu.

Uva Latissima, Linn. Oahu, Sandwich Islands.

ENTERMORPHA COMPRESSA, Grev. Tongatabu.

CHLORODESMIS, Harv. & Buil. Nov. Gen.

GEN. Cuan. Stipes spongiosus, ¢ filis tenuissimis membranaceis densis-
sime intertextis compositus, apice in fila libera penicilluta desinens.
Fila penicillata membranacea, continua, dichotoma, libera, ad axillas
constricta, pseudo-articulata ; articulis succo viridi repletis,

CHLORODESMIS Comosa, Harv. & Bail. (Tab. 8, fig. 8-10.)

Has. Feejee Islands. [Abundant on coral-reefs at the Friendly
Islands. W.H. H.]

This curious plant has the habit of a Penicillus, but is not in the
least calcareous. The filaments of which it is composed are all deli-
cately membranaceous, like those of a Bryopsis. The stipe is a quarter
of an inch thick, formed of matted fibres half an inch long in the speci-
mens, and ending in a brush-like tuft, an inch or more in length, dense
and fastigiate. Filaments very slender, repeatedly dichotomous, con-
stricted at the axils; the constriction impervious ? dividing the thread
into articulated portions, which are filled with green fluid-matter. No
carbonate of lime in any part. It closely adheres to paper in drying.

ALG &. 173

[A second reputed species of this genus is described and figured in
Harvey, Ner. Bor. Amer. 3, p. 30-40, but that may possibly be a
Derbesia. W. H. H.]

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

SARGASSUM SPINIFEX, Ag.; J. Ag. Sp. 1; p. 312.
TURBINARIA DENUDATA, Bory ; J. Ag. 1. c. p. 266.
Papina PAvonIA, Linn. ; J. Ag. l. c. p. 113.
Dicryota BIDENTATA, Harv. & Bail. tab. 8, f. 6, 7.

D. fronde basi vix stuposa cuneata pluries dichotoma, segmentis sursum
latioribus, sinubus rotundatis, apicibus junioribus acute bidentatis,
areolis rectangularibus ; soris minutissimis per totam paginam frondis
sparsis.

Has. Mindanao.

Frond 6 to 8 inches long, one-fourth of an inch broad, cuneate
below; the segments broader upwards, dichotomous, membranaceous ;
their apices acutely bidentate, the teeth angular, but not acuminate.
Sori extremely minute, dot-like, scattered over the whole surface of
the older parts of the frond.

Nearly allied to D. Bartayresiana, but broader, with less acuminate
tips and smaller sori.

LAURENCIA PAPILLOSA, Girev.; J. Ag. Sp. 2, p. 756.

HALIMEDA TRILOBA, Decaisne ?. (Specimens imperfect.)

44

174 CRYPTOGAMIA.

DIATOMACE 4A,

AND OTHER MICROSCOPIC FORMS.

The species of Diatomacee, &c., included in the following list, were
detected adhering to the dried specimens of Alge collected in the
Expedition. Among them, are a number of interesting forms which
are believed to be new. These are indicated in the catalogue, by an
asterisk prefixed to the name.

PUGET SOUND, NORTHWEST AMERICA.

* AMPHITETRAS WILKESH, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 1, 2.)

A, loricis prismatico-tabularibus, lateribus concavis, primaria longitudi-
naliter striato-punctata medio transversim zonata, secundaria quadran-
gula angulis productis rotundatis, superficie cellulis minutis in lineas
simplices furcatasque dispositis notata, prominentiis jugalibus punc-
tulatos.

This beautiful species is nearly twice as large as English specimens
of Amphitetras antediluviana, Khr., from which it is also distinguished,
by its tubular form, and by the arrangement of the cells. Its sides
are deeply concave, the angles produced and rounded. The surface
is covered with small cells, disposed in simple and forked lines pro-
ceeding from the centre of the discs. The specimens were found
adhering to the base of Costaria Turneri, and other Alge.

* ARACHNODISCUS KHRENBERGU, Bail. (Tab. 9, fig. 9, 10.)

A. disci granulis gemmaceis majoribus (in 534/" 10-12) in seriebus concen-
tricis ; cellulis concentricis nullis; radiis 20-31 cequalibus, interjectis
seepe brevioribus. Diam., 35’

The first published account of a species of this genus, was given by
Ebrenberg, in the Berlin Monatsbericht, 1848, p. 7, where he found

ALG &. 175

for its reception the genus Hemiptychus. In the Monatsbericht for
1849, he discards this name, in consequence of its prior application
to a genus of insects, and adopts the very appropriate and descriptive
name of Arachnodiscus, which was first used in .England, by whom
we are not informed. We find, however, that in Queckett’s Histologi-
cal Catalogue, in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, pub-
lished in 1850, a species of this genus is given on the authority of
Mr. H. Deane. The present is a truly elegant species, and well worthy
to bear the name of the distinguished microscopist which we have
attached to it. It consists of discoid cylinders, adhering by their
circular bases to the fronds of various Algw. The discs are covered,
except near the centre, with large granules, disposed in concentric
circles. A small circular space in the centre is smooth, but is sur-
rounded by a series of elongated cells arranged in a radiating manner.
The beauty of the shell is much increased by a series of radiating
lines, commencing near the circumference, but not reaching the centre,
between which a shorter set is interposed, which in their turn have
one or more still shorter ones alternating with them.

* COCCONEIS RHOMBIFER, Buil. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 3, 4.)

C. late elliptica vel suborbicularis, linea media oblique longitudinalr
sigmoidea areolam glabratam dimidiante, que apice basique attenuata
est et versus umbonem in rhomli formam ampliata, superficie decus-
satim et transversim punctata.

Lorica elliptical or nearly circular, and marked with a smooth,
central, sigmoid space, which widens in the centre, and assumes a
rhombic form. Surface minutely punctate, producing the appearance
of transverse and decussating striz. Abundant on Alge from Puget
Sound.

* CocconeIs sutcatA, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9.)
QO. late elliptica vel suborbicularis, transversim sulcata, sulcis 30-40

arcuatis.

A small species, somewhat resembling C. scutellwm, Ehr., but dis-
tinguished by the distinct grooves upon the surface.

ACTINOPTYCHUS SENARIUS, Lhr.
CoscINODISCUS OCULIS-VIRIDIS, Lhr.

176 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Coscinopiscus RADIATUS, Ehr.
Coscinopiscus EXCENTRICUS, Ehr.
DictyocHa specuLum, Ehr.
EPITHEMIA GIBBERULA, Kiitz.
* AULAcopIscuS OrEGoNENSIS, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 6.)
A. lorica promentiis 13 intramarginalibus instructa, a guibus tot radii
Sere ad umbonem procurrent, superficie procter umbonem glaberrimum

minute punctata tridescente.

Lorica with 13 foot-like processes near the circumference, from
which rays extend nearly to the centre. The whole surface, except
a small, smooth, circular, central space, minutely punctate and iri-
descent, as in many species of the genus Actinocyclus.

GRAMMATOPHORA ANGULOSA, Ehr.

GRAMMATOPHORA STRICTA, Ehr.

GRAMMATOPHORA UNDULOSA, Hhr.

IsTHMIA OBLIQUATA, Ag. (I. nervosa, Kitz.) Abundant and large.

RHABDONEMA ARCUATUM, Aiitz.

SURIRELLA FASTUOSA, Hr.

* Triceratium WiLKEsu, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 7, 8.)

L. lorica lateribus convexiusculis, angulis rotundatis, superficie triquetra
cellulis minutis in lineas radiantes simplices furcatasque co-ordinatis
notata, prominentiis jugalibus punctulatis.

Lorica with the sides slightly concave; the angles rounded; basal
faces triangular. Surface with small cells arranged in single and
forked radiating lines, as in Amphitetras Wilkesii. Connecting pro-
cesses of the three angles minutely punctate.

SPONGIOLITES AGARICUS, and other species.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

ARACHNODISCUS EHRENBERGH, Harv. & Bail. supra, p. 174.
CocconEIS SCUTELLUM, E’hr.

GOMPHONEMA MINUTISSIMA, Hhr.

ALGA 177

TERRA DEL FUEGO.

ENTOPYLA AUSTRALIS, Hhr.
GRAMMATOPHORA SERPENTINA, Hhr.

GRAMMATOPHORA STRICTA, Hhr.

RIO DE JANEIRO.

CLIMACOSPHERIA MONILIGERA, Hhr. (Tab. 9, fig. 11.)

A somewhat marked form, with transverse strie, exceedingly
minute.

GRAMMATOPHORA OCEANICA, Hr.
* IsTHMIA MINIMA, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 11.)

T. zona transversali subtilissime decussatim punctata, lateribus cellulis
magnis granulatis.

Lorica with the end divisions coarsely granulated, and the middle
band minutely punctate in a decussate manner.

Also detected in the Sooloo Sea. Appears to differ from FL enervis,
EKhr., in the smaller size, as well as in the much more minute mark-
ings on the central band.

DicTYOCHA SPLENDENS, Hhr. (Tab. 9, fig. 16.)

We have seen this form (which Ehrenberg doubtfully referred to
his genus Dictyocha) under the action of acids dissolve with effer-
vescence, thus proving its calcareous nature.

SPonGIoLITES Ancuora, Hhr. (Tab. 9, fig. 17.)

This also proves to be calcareous: like the last, it polarizes light

and dissolves in acids.
45

178 CRYPTOGAMIA.

VALPARAISO.

ACTINOPTYCHUS TERNARIUS, HAr.
CocconEIS SCUTELLUM, Ehr.
DictyocHa spEcULUM, Hhr.
GAILLIONELLA SULCATA, Ehr.
GRAMMATOPHORA HAMATA, Hhr.
STAUROPTERA ASPERA, Hhr.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

* AMPHITETRAS FAVOSA, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9.)

A, loricis tabularibus? lateribus via concavis, primaria?; secundaria
quadrangula, angulis fere rectis vic productis, superficie cellulis magnis
hexagonis tessellata.

Has. In mud, adhering to a Hammer oyster, from Mindanao.

Only the terminal faces of this beautiful form have yet been seen;
but these are sufficient to distinguish it from all known species of
Amphitetras, by the peculiar hexagonal markings, resembling those of
Triceratium Favus, Ehr.

AmpuHora Lysica, hr.
BIDDULPHIA ? PULCHELLA, Gray.

A form agreeing closely with Biddulphia pulchella, but having the
central spines characterizing Ehrenberg’s genus Denticella, is common
at Mindanao, and at many of the Pacific Islands.

* CamPytopiscus Kiirzinen, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 20.)

C. selleeformis, late marginatus, sulcis sub-50 transversis continuis curvatis
impressus.

Har. Mindanao.

Lorica saddle-shaped, marked with about fifty transverse and curved
furrows, which are nearly obsolete in the middle. It resembles C
radians, of Ehrenberg; but the furrows in our species are more
regular, and pass completely across the shell.

ALG &. 179

COSCINODISCUS LINEARIS, Vhr.

ZYGOCERAS MARGARITACEUM. (Tab. 9, fig. 31.)
GAILLONELLA SULCATA, Hhr.

GRAMMATOPHORA OCEANICA, Hhr.

* Lacena WILLIAMsontl, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 33.)

L. testa bicellulosa ; cellulis diversis, inferiore ellipsoidea longitudinaliter
costata in isthmum infundibuliformem attenuata et ad cellulam supe-
riorem semi-lageniformem (vel inverse imfundibuliformem) ferrumi-
nata ; collo breviusculo recto ; ore subampliato.

Has. Found in mud, attached to a Hammer oyster, Mindanao.

Shell, with two cells; the upper one ellipsoidal, with longitudinal
ribs, connected by a narrow neck to the lower cell, which in shape
resembles two funnels with their larger openings placed together.
Aperture slightly expanded.

We dedicate this species to Professor Williamson, of Manchester,
England, whose valuable memoir on the species of Lagena, may be
found in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

NAVICULA ELONGATA? & N. Lyra, Ehr.
PINNULARIA DIDyMA, Hhr.
STAUROPTERA ASPERA, Hhr.
SURIELLA FASTUOSA, Hhr.
TERSPINE MusICA, Hhr.? (Tab. 9, fig. 12-13.)
* TRICERATIUM ORIENTALE, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 9.)
TL. magnum, lateribus convexis, angulis productis obtusis, superficie tri-
quetra cellulis magnis hexagonis favosa.

Has. Mindanao; in mud, on Hammer oysters.

Lorica larger than in 7. Favus, with the sides convex and the angles
much produced and rounded: the surface is reticulated, nearly as in 7!
Favus.

CONIODICTYON SPLENDENS, Efhr.

SPONGIOLITES ANCHORA, Hhr.

SponGioLites AGARIcus, EKhr.

180 CRYPTOGAMIA.

SOOLOO SEA.

CoscINODISCUS EXCENTRICUS, Hhr.

COscINODISCUS MARGINATUS, Ehr.

GAILLIONELLA SULCATA, Hhr.

GRAMMATOPHORA OCEANICA, Lhr.

IstHMIA MINIMA, Bail. & Harv.

SURIELLA FASTUOSA, Ehr.

TRICERATIUM ORIENTALE, Bail. & Harv.
SPONGIOLITES AcARIcuS, Hhr. (Tab. 9, fig. 21-23.)

Figure 21 shows a group of these curious bodies, as they were
found in the interstices of a sponge, having needle-shaped, siliceous
spicule.

NEW ZEALAND.

It is remarkable, that not a single Diatomacea was detected on the
numerous specimens of Alge from New Zealand, although a careful
search was made for them.

FEEJEE ISLANDS.

ANPHIPRORA CONSTRICTA, Hhr.
BIDDULPHIA?. PULCHELLA, Gray.

STAUROPTERA ASPERA, Hhr.

WILSON’S ISLAND, PAUMOTU GROUP.

CLIMACOSPHERIA MONILIGERA, EHhr.

PINNULARIA DIDyMA, Hhr.

Popocystis Apriatica, Kitz. (Tab. 9, fig. 27.)
STAUROPTERA ASPERA, Ehr.

ALG &. 181

TAHITI.

BIDDULPHIA ? PULCHELLA, Gray.
CLIMACOSPHARIA MONILIGERA, Ehr.
Cocconris Parmuta, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 28.)

C. late elliptica, linea media longitudinali notata, utroque latere costis
(vel sulcis) transversis magnis 10-12 trregularibus impressa, super-
jicie transversim striato-granulata.

Lorica broadly elliptical, with a longitudinal line through the
middle, and 10 to 12 large and irregular transverse ribs or grooves.
Surface with transverse rows of minute, rounded granulations.

CocconEIS FASTUOSA, Hhr.

EritHem1A Muscuuus, Witz.

GAILLIONELLA SULCATA, Hhr.

GRAMMATOPHORA OCEANICA, Hhr.

* HYALosIRA PUNCTATA, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 29-30.)

H. loricis magnis in catenas longas co-ordinatis rectangulis subquadratis
transversim imterrupte vittatis; vittis medio lorice alternantibus yra-
nulatis, alternis serie punctarum insignium ornatis.

Lorice large, quadrangular, united in ribbons. Individuals nearly
square, with transverse, granulated strizw, which alternate at the middle
line; the alternate stris marked with rows of large internal dots.

NAVICULA ELONGATA ?

NavicuLa Sigma, Hhr.

PINNULARIA PEREGRINA, Hhr.

Povocystis Apriatica, Avitz. (Tab. 9, fig. 27.)

STAUROPTERA ASPERA, hr.

* TRICERATIUM CONCAVUM, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 24-26.)

T. lorica lateribus valde concavis angulis rotundatis, superficie ut in T.

Wilkesii notata.
46

182 CRYPTOGAMIA.

This species, in its deeply concave sides and peculiar markings,
appears quite distinct from all except 7. Wilkesii, of which it may
be a variety.

* TRICERATIUM GIBBosUM, Bail. & Harv. (Tab. 9, fig. 32.)

T. parvum, subcylindricum, lateribus valde convexis, angulis prominen-

tibus, superficie ut in T, Wilkesi notata.

A small species, remarkable for its almost cylindrical form.

TONGATABU,.

SYNEDRA SUPERBA, [iitz.
SYNEDRA BICEPS, [vitz.
GRAMMATOPHORA OCEANICA, Hhr.
EritHemiA Muscuuus, Kitz.

BIDDULPHIA PULCHELLA, an DENTALLA?.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Pate I—Fig. 1. Sargassum Siycrarru, Hook. & Harv.; a speci-
men, of the natural size. Fig. 2. A single leaf. Fig.
3. Leaves and air-vessels. Figs. 4, 5. Air-vessels.
Fig. 6. Cross-section of the stem near the base.

Puate IL.—Fig. 1. Apoputa@a Sincuairu, Harv.; drawn from a
dried specimen. The plant swells much when moist-
ened. Fig. 2. Portion of a transverse section, show-
ing one of the numerous conceptacles, much magni-
fied.

te Fig. 3. NotHera ANoMALA, Harv. & Bail.; a plant, of the
natural size, parasitic on Hormosira. Fig. 4. A
branch, magnified. Fig. 5. A perispore, with para-
nemata. Fig. 6. A cross-section, showing a scaphi-
dium; much magnified.

Puate II].—Fig. 1. Intoma Lusoria, Harv. ; a large specimen. Fig.
2. Portion of a cross-section of the frond, much mag-
nified, showing the position of the spores. Figs. 3,
4. Spores, still more magnified.

Piate IV.—Fig. 1. Ruopymenia Wixxesu, Harv. & Bail.; a large
specimen, of the natural size. Fig. 2. Magnified sec-
tion through one of the coccidia. Fig. 3. Magnified

section of the frond.
AT

186 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Piate V.—Fig. 1. GiGARTINA EXASPERATA, Harv. & Bail.; large
specimen, of the natural size. Fig. 2. Section of the
frond, magnified. :

Puate VI.—Fig. 1. Nosroc expansum, Harv. & Bail.; natural size.
Fig. 2. Magnified section of the frond.
fF Fig. 3. GIGARTINA MOLLIS, Harv. & Bail.; frond, of the
natural size. Fig. 4. Portion of a cross-section of the
same, much magnified.

af Fig. 5. GYMNOGONGRUS VERMICULARIS, J. Ag.; not
magnified. Fig. 6. Cross-section of the same, much
magnified.

Pirate VIIL—Fig. 1. Cuonprus Exiis, Harv. & Bail.; frond, not

magnified. Fig. 2. Portion of the same, magnified.

Fig. 3. Ecrocarpus NAMULosUs, Harv. & Bail.; a tuft
of the plant, of the natural size. Fig. 4. Filament
and branches, magnified. Fig. 5. Branch and spores,
much magnified.

a Fig. 6. CHonpRuSs UNCIALIS, Harv. & Bail.; frond, not
magnified. Fig. 7. Portion of the same, magnified.

e Fig. 8. GRaAcILaRIA FILirorMis, Harv. & Bail.; frond, of

P the natural size. Fig. 9. Cross-section of the same,
magnified.

“ Fig. 10. GyMNoGonGRUS DENDROIDES, Harv. & Bail.; a
specimen from Hawaii. Fig. 11. A specimen from
Callao.

Fig. 12. GELIDIUM RIGIDUM, var. UNILATERALE, Harv. &
Bail.; frond, not magnified. Fig. 13. Magnified
cross-section of the same.

Puate VIII.—Fig. 1. Cauterpa Pickerineu, Harv. & Bail.; plant, of
the natural size. Fig. 2. Magnified cross-section,
showing the arrangement of the verticillate leaves.
Fig. 3. A leaf, still more magnified.

$* Fig. 4. CAULERPA FALCIFOLIA, Harv. & Bail.; natural
size. Fig. 5. Leaves, magnified.
Fig. 6. Dicryota BipentTaTa, Harv. & Bail.; a frond, not

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 187

magnified, from the Philippine Islands. Fig. 7. Same,
from the Feejee Islands.

Piate VIII.—Fig. 8. Cutoropgsmis comosa, Harv. & Bail.; a tuft, of

the natural size. Fig. 9. A filament, magnified. Fig.
10. A portion still more magnified, showing the con-
strictions near the axils.

Pate 1X.—Fig. 1. Ampuirerras WILKEsu, Bail. & Harv.; top view.

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Fig. 2. Oblique view.

Fig. 3. CoccoNEIS RHOMBIFER, Bail. & Harv.; upper
valve. Fig. 4. Lower valve.

Fig. 5. Cocconegis sutcata, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 6. AuLAcopiscus OrEGONENSIS, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 7. Triczratium Wixesu, Bail. & Harv.; top
view. Fig. 8. Chain of three frustrules, moderately
magnified.

Fig. 9. ARACHNODISCUS EHRENBERGUH, Bail. ; moderately
magnified, showing two specimens attached to an
Alga. Fig. 10. A single disc, much magnified.

Fig. 11. Isrumia minima, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 12. Trrpsrnog musica, Ehr.; two frustrules. Fig.
13. Side view.

Fig. 14. CLIMACOSPHARIA MONILIGERA, Ehr.; front view.
Fig. 15. Side view.

Fig. 16. DicryocHa SPLENDENS, Ehr.

Fig. 17. Sponeiotires AncHorA, Ehr.

Fig. 18. AMPHITETRAS FAVOSA, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 19. TRiceRATIUM ORIENTALE, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 20. Campy opiscus Kurzineu, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 21. SpongiotitEs AGaricus, Ehr.; in situ, forming
globular groups among the meshes of a sponge having
pin-shaped spicule. Figs. 22, 25. Separate speci-
mens.

Fig. 24. TrickRATIUM concAvuM, Bail. & Harv.; top
view. Fig. 25. Edge view. Fig. 26. Side view.

Fig. 27. Popocystis Apriatica, Kiitz.

Fig. 28. Cocconris Parmuta, Bail. & Harv.

Fig. 29. Hyatosira punctaTa, Bail. & Harv.; single

188 EXPLANATION: OF THE PLATES.

frustrule. Fig. 30. A band of several frustrules,
moderately magnified.
Puatre [X.—Fig. 31. ZyGocrRAS MARGARITACEUM.
ms Fig. 32. TRickRatium Gisposum, Bail. & Harv.; top
view.
“f Fig. 33. Lagena Wi.uiamsont, Bail. & Harv.

INDEX.

FS Calophyllis laciniata, 162.
variegata, 160, 164.
Acanthocarpus antarcticus, 160. Caulerpa clavifera, 166, 167, 171. .
Acanthophora muscoides, 169. falcifolia, 171.
Actinoptychus senarius, 175. Freycinetii, 171.
ternarius, 178. mamillosa, 171.
Amansia glomerata, 168. Pickeringii, 171.
Amphiroa Californica, 162. plumaris, 171.
constricta, 180. sedoides, 159.
Amphitetras antediluviana, 174, 176. Centroceras claviculatum, 165, 167.
favosa, 178. Ceramium rubrum, 163.
Wilkesii, 174. Chauvinia, 159.
Amphora Lybica, 178. Chlorodesmis comosa, 172.
Apophlcea Sincelairii, 159. Chondrus crispus, 169.
Arachnodiscus Ehrenbergii, 174. exilis, 165.
Asperococcus sinuosus, 168. uncialis, 166.
Aulacodiscus Oregonensis, 176. Chnoospora fastigiata, 166.

pannosa, 168.
Cladhymenia oblongifolia, 158.

B. Cladophora composita, 172.
fascicularis, 167.

Ballia Brunonis, 160. herpesica, 159, 172.
callitricha, 160. Climacospheeria moniligera, 177, 180, 181.
Hombroniana, 160. Cocconeis Parmula, 186.

Biddulphia pulchella, 178, 180, 181, 182. fastuosa, 181.

Botryocarpum platycarpum, 161. rhombifer, 175.

scutellum, 176, 178.
sulcata, 175.

C. Codium adherens, 165.
tomentosum, 159, 160, 165, 167,
Campylodiscus Kiitzingii, 178. 172.
Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, 156. Conferva zerea, 165.
Calophyllis discigera, 159. media, 167.

48

190 INDEX,

Coniodictyon splendens, 179. Fucus fastigiatus, 160.
Corallina officinalis, 162. vermicularis, 164.
Coscinodiscus excentricus, 176, 180. vesiculosus, 160.

linearis, 178.
oculis-viridis, 175.
marginatus, 180.
radiatus, 176.
Costaria Mertensii, 160.
Cystophora retorta, 156.
monilifera, 155.
Cystophyllum muricatum, 155.
Cystoseira concatenata, 167.

G.

Gaillionella sulcata, 178, 179, 180, 181.
Galaxaura annulata, 170.
lapidescens, 170.
marginata, 170.
Gelidium corneum, 158, 166, 167.
intricatum, 170.
radicans, 170.

D. rigidum, 170.
Gigartina alveata, 158.
Dasya plumosa, 160. exasperata, 163.
Dentalia, 182. corymbifera, 162.
Desmansia aculeata, 160. livida, 158.

Rossii, 160. mollis, 163.
Diatomacer, 174. Radula, 160, 162.
Dictyota acutiloba, 168. Gomphonema minutissima, 176.

bidentata, 168, 178. Gracilaria concinna, 165.
Bartayresiana, 165. coriacea, 158.
dichotoma, 167. confervoides, 169.
Dictyocha splendens, 177. dumosa, 168.
speculum, 176, 178. filiformis, 169.
Dictycspheeria favulosa, 172. lichenoides. 168.
Durvillza utilis, 156, 160, 164. Grammatophora angulosa, 176.

hamata, 178.

moniligera, 177.

oceanica, 179, 180, 181,
182,

serpentina, 179.

stricta, 176, 177.

E.

Keklonia radiata, 155.
Richardiana, 158.

Kctocarpus ramulosus, 166.

Entopyla australis, 177. undulosa, 176.

Hnteromorpha compressa, 160, 163, 166, Grateloupia Outlerie, 165.
172. | Gymnogongrus dendroides, 169.

implicatus, 170.
plicatus, 160.
vermicularis, 164.

intestinalis, 159.
Epineuron Colensoi, 158.
Epithemia gibberula, 176.
musculus, 181, 182.

H.

F.
Halimeda Tuna, 171.

Fucodium gladiatus, 156. triloba, 1738.

INDE X. 191

Haliseris plagiogramma, 168. Mastocarpus, 160, 162.
Halosaccion hydrophora, 162. Melanthalia Jaubertiana, 158.
Hemiptychus, 175. Microdictyon Agardhianum, 172.

Hormosira Billardieri, 156.
Hormospora Sieberi, 155.
Hyalosira punctata, 181.
Hydroclathrus cancellatus, 168.
Hymenema fimbriata, 161.
fissa, 161.
Hypnea chloroides, 169.
divaricata, 169.
rugulosa, 169.

musciformis, 164, 166, 169.

N.

Navicula elongata, 179, 181.
Lyra, 179.
Sigma, 181.
Nostoc expansum, 164.
Notheia anomala, 157.

Pe,
I. Padina Pavonia, 165, 167, 168, 178.
Phyllospora comosa, 155.
Iridzea laminarioides, 165. Menziesii, 160.
lusoria, 158. Pinnularia didyma, 179, 180.
Mertensiana, 163. peregrina, 181.
micans, 158. Plocamium abnorme, 158.

Isthmia minima, 177, 180.

augustum, 156.
nervosa, 176.

coccineum, 161.

obliquata, 176. Podocystis Adriatica, 180, 181.
Polyzonia Harveyana, 158.
K. Porphyra vulgaris, 163.

Prionites lanceolata, 162.
Kallymenia discigera, 159. Pterocladia lucida, 158.

Ptilonia Magellanica, 160.

Ptilota asplenioides, 163.

L. plumosa, 163.
Lagena Williamsonii, 179.
Laurencia ceespitosa, 156, 166. R.
Forsteri, 168.
obtusa, 158. Rhabdonema arcuatum, 176.
papillosa, 173. Rhabdonia Coulteri, 162.
virgata, 158, 164. Rhodomela Larix, 160.
Lessonia fuscescens, 158. Rhodymenia corallina, 164.
nigrescens, 160, 164. dichotoma, 158.
Liagora mirta, 170. ? lusoria, 159.
Lichina pygmea, 167. pertusa, 161.
Lophuria, 160. Wilkesii, 161.
M. S.

Macrocystis pyrifera, 160, 164. Sargassum bacciferum, 166.

192 INDE X.

eel

Sargassum cymosum, 164, 165, 167. Triceratium concavum, 181.
parvifolium, 168. orientale, 179, 180.
plumosum, 156. Wilkesii, 176.
polycistum, 167. gibbosum, 181.
polyphyllum, 168. Turbinana denudata, 173.
Sinclairii, 156. ornata, 167.
spinifex, 173. vulgaris, 167.

vulgare, 165, 166, 167.
Scytothamnus australis, 158.

Sphacelaria paniculata, 158. U.
scoparia, 167.

Splachnidium rugosum, 156. Ulva latissima, 163, 165, 166, 167, 172.

Spongiolites Agaricus, 176, 179, 180. Linza, 165.

Anchora, 177, 179.
Stauroptera aspera, 178, 179, 180, 181.
fastuosa, 179. 4
Stichocarpus, 160.
Suriella fastuosa, 176, 180.
Synedra biceps, 182.
superba, 182.

Valonia intricata, 172.

Wa
Zonaria flava, 158.

Terpsinoe musica, 179. Zygoceras margaritaceum, 179.

FUNGI.

BY

REV. M. A. CURTIS, F.A.A.A.S.

REV. M. J. BERKELEY, F.LS.

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FUNGI

1. AcaAricus (PLEuRopPUS) LAGoTIS, Berk. & Ourt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 1.)

A, pileo sessili elongato-conchiformi, antice latiori, strato superiore gela-
tinoso setoso-velutino ; lamellis subconfertis.

Has. Oahu, Sandwich Islands; on wood.

Pileus a quarter of an inch long, sessile, narrowed behind, broad in
front; the upper surface clothed with dense and short soft bristles, at
length naked in front. Gills moderately close, tawny when dry, the
edge entire. Spores white, round-oval.

Allied to A. atropurpureus, but differing in the coarse velvety coat,
which resembles that of Haxidia hispidula, Berk. It also bears a strong
resemblance to Lentinus pelliculosus, but the hairs are not fasciculate
as in that species, nor are the gills toothed, not to mention the generic
difference.

2. AGARICUS IGNOBILIS, Berk.
A. ignobilis, Berk. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1, p. 452.

Has. Feejee Islands.

3. AGaricus (FLAMMULA) Crasus, Berk. & Curt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 2.)

A. aureus; pileo carnoso excentrico pilis innatis subtiliter squamoso ; sti-
pite brevi obeso ; lamellis postice emarginatis confertis ; sporis minoribus
ellipticis.

196 CRYPTOGAMIA.

Has. Waya-ruru Bay, New Zealand; on wood.

Pileus three inches broad, sprinkled with obscure appressed pilose
scales. Stem seven lines long, four thick, paler than the pileus, fur-
furaceo-tomentose ; gills broad, strongly emarginate or sinuated behind,
scarcely adnate, of a uniform golden yellow, not spotted. Closely
allied to A. aureus, but differing in its short excentric ringless stem,
and far smaller spores.

4, AGARICUS , non determinandus.

Has. Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands.

5. CANTHARELLUS AURANTIACUS, Fries.

Has. Fort Vancouver, Oregon.

6. Lentinus Witxest, Berk. & Curt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 3.)

L. tener ; pileo profunde infundibuliformi subtiliter tomentoso lineato ;
stipite subcequali sursum furfuraceo deorsum nigro; lamellis confertis-
sumis tenerrimis spiculiferis.

Has. Feejee Islands; on wood.

About an inch broad, deeply infundibuliform, white, obscurely to-
mentose, finely streaked; margin slightly incurved; stem a quarter
of an inch long, scarcely a line thick, nearly equal, black below, pale
and furfuraceous above; gills extremely delicate and close, spiculi-
ferous; edge very finely notched.

Closely resembling L. pergameneus, Lev., but more infundibuliform,
and with much more crowded gills.

7. SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE, Fries.

Has. Sandwich Islands, in several localities.

FUNGI. 197

8. LENZITES REPANDA, Fries.

Has. Samoan Group, Navigators’ Islands.

9. TRAMETES AUSTRALIS, Fries, var.

Has. Mangsi Islands.

10. TRAMETES LACTEA, Berk. |. c. 1, p. 322.

Has. Woolongong, New South Wales.

11. PoLyrorvs PERENNIS, Fries.

Has. Island of Madeira.

12. PoLyporus sANnGcuINEUws, Fries.

Has. Brazil; also Feejee and Mangsi Islands.

13. PoLyrorus BRuNNEOLUS, Berk.

Var. opAcus: pileo renato jlabelliformi, antice lobato tenui crebri-zonato
sulcato opaco subtiliter tomentoso, postice hic illic fucato glubro pallide
brunneolo zonis obscurioribus ; stipite brevissimo disciformi ; h ymenio
albido ; poris minutis punctiformibus, acie integra obtusa.

Has. Samoan Islands.

There is but a single specimen of this in the collection, which agrees
pretty well with one of the original specimens of P. brunneolus from
the Philippine Islands.

50

198 CRYPTOGAMIA.

14. Potyporus FLABELLIFORMIS, J¢lotsch.

Has. Sandal-wood Bay, Feejee Islands.

15. PoLYPORUS AUSTRALIS, Lies.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

16. PoLYPoRUS CINNABARINUS, Iries.

Has. Feejee Islands, New Zealand, and New South Wales.

17. Potyporus VELLEREUS, Berk., var. poris minoribus.

Has. Puget’s Sound, Oregon.

18. Potyporus titurarius, Berk. & Curt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 5.)

P. carnosus, tenuis ; pileo flabelliformi glabro lineolato ; stipite brevissimo
cum pileo postice attenuato confluente ; poris minutis angulatis, dissepi-
mentis tenuissimis denticulatis.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands; on wood.

Pileus one and one-third of an inch broad, one and one-quarter of
an inch long, slightly lobed, reddish-brown, marked with fine radiating
lines, slightly depressed behind, where it is confluent with the ex-
tremely short though strictly-defined stem; edge slightly incurved.
Hymenium probably white.

A very distinct species, to which we cannot point out any near ally.
P. Drummondii is perhaps the nearest. It also resembles P. sector,
but has no raised lines, and is quite smooth.

FUNGI. 199

19. Potyporus (imperfectus).

Has. Samoan Group, Navigators’ Islands.

20. Favoius puatyporus, Berk. & Curt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 4.)

F. pileo reniformi sublobato rigidiusculo glabro e contextu supra dissepi-
menta contracto reticulato ; poris amplis oblongis subhexagonis, dissepi-
mentis emarginatis rigidis, acte subintegra.

Has. Feejee Islands.

Pileus two and a half inches broad, one and one-half of an inch
long, depressed behind, reticulated by the contraction of the sub-
stance above the dissepiments, edge very thin and acute. Stem ex-
tremely short, disciform. Dissepiments scooped out in the middle;
pores two lines or more long, one line broad, but varying much in size.

Nearly allied to F. alutaceus, Mont. & Berk., but differing in its
larger pores and reticulated surface. The pores are more rigid than
in any other species with which we are acquainted, except an unde-
scribed species from Canada, which has not however the articulated
pileus. £. intestinalis, Berk., has pores as large, but is totally different
in other respects. A specimen of this species, collected in Java by
Horsfield, is in the Schweinitzian Herbarium under the name of Poly-
porus Havus.

21. THELEPHORA LAMELLATA, Berk. & Curt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 7.)

T. tota ochracea ; pileo infundibuliformi lobato rugoso-lamellato subtiliter
tomentoso ; stipite elongato velutino-tomentoso ; hymenio sulcato rugoso
glabro.

Has. Feejee Islands.

Pileus two inches broad, one and one-quarter of an inch deep, lobed,
subplicate, clothed with permanent appressed down, coarsely lamellate-
rugose. Stem equal, cylindrical, one and one-half of an inch high,

200 CRYPTOGAMIA.
two lines thick, densely downy, almost velvety, solid. Hymenium
rugoso-plicate. The whole is of a beautiful ochre or tan.

This species is rather larger than 7. caperata, Berk. & Mont., is
more strongly lamellate, has a very different kind of coat, and a long

almost velvety stem. It does not appear whether this, like 7 cape-
rata, grows on wood.

22. THELEPHORA AURANTIACA, Pers,
Var? pileo diutius infundibuliformi glabriore.

Haz. Samoan Group; on wood. Navigators’ Islands.

23. THELEPHORA ScABRA, Berk. & Ourt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 6.)

L. albida ; pileo anguste flabellato-diviso furcato-lobato granulato-scabro ;
hymento striato.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands; on the earth.

Pileus one and a quarter of an inch high; main divisions greatly
attenuated below, dilated above and incised, with the lobes incised or
furcate, rough with little granular warts. Hymenium smooth, striate.

Closely allied to 7. pallida, Schwein., but distinguished by its rough
pileus, which, however, may prove to be an inconstant character,

24, STEREUM LOBATUM, Fries,

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

25, STEREUM COMPLICATUM, Fries. var.

Has. Ovolau, Feejee Islands.

FUNGI, 201

26. Exrpra nispipuLa, Berk. in Ann. Nat. Hist. 3, 396.

Has. New Zealand, Sandwich, and Mangsi Islands.

27. BATARREA PHALLOIDES, Pers.

Has. Oregon.

28. LYcoPERDON PUSILLUM, Batsch.
Var. sporis paullo majoribus pedicellatis.

Has. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.

29. CLATHRUS (LATERNEA) TRISCAPUS, Jr.
Has. Relief Bay, Fuegia.
No specimen is extant; but a drawing, by Mr. Agate, made January

28, 1839, appears to represent this species, the original habitat of
which was unknown.

30. HypoxYyLoN concENtTRICUM, Bolt.
Has. Volcano of Maui, Sandwich Islands, at the height of six thou-
sand feet above the sea; on branches.

31. HypoxyYLon PILHFoRME, Berk. & Curt. (Tab. 1, Fig. 8.)

H. globosum, stipitatum et sessile, piceo-laccatum, ostiolis prominulis ex-
asperatum, intus albuin ; stipite crasso rugoso.

Has. Mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich Islands.
51

202 CRYPTOGAMIA.

There are two specimens of this, one of which is depresso-globose,
produced at base into a short rugged stem nearly as long as the head,
the whole three-quarters of an inch high; the other sessile, or with a
mere rudiment of a stem, and deformed, as if by the partial confluence
of two or three heads, thus somewhat resembling a small undulate
form of H. concentricum. The species is closely allied to H. poly-
morphum, but the sporidia are shorter and thicker. It resembles H.
obovata, Berk., and S. poculiformis, Mont., but is distinguished from
both by its prominent ostiola, and rough coarse stem.

Fries (in Nov. Symb. Mye. p. 114) expresses the opinion that this
species 1s his H. globosum.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATE.

Fig. 1.—AGaricus LAGOTIS; upper and under view.

Fig. 2.—AGaricus Crasus; upper and under view.

Fig. 8.—Lrntinus WiLkeEst; seen from above and from beneath.

Fig. 4.—FAvoLUs PLATYPORUS; upper and under view, and section.

Fig. 5.—PoLyPorvs LITURARIUS; upper and under view, and a portion
of the under face, magnified.

Fig. 6.—THELEPHORA SCABRA.

Fig. 7.—THELEPHORA LAMELLATA.

Fig. 8—HyYPoxYLon PILHFORME; with a section; a portion of the sec-
tion magnified ; an ascus with spores, and a separate spore,
more magnified.

INDEX.

Agaricus Croesus, Berk. & Curt.,

ignobilis, Berk.,
lagotis, B. & C.,

?

2

Batarrea phalloides, Pers.,

Cantharellus aurantiacus, Firies.,
Clathrus triscapus, Fr., .

Exidia hispidula, Berk., .
Favolus platyporus, B. & C., .

Hypoxylon concentricum, Bolt.,
pilzforme, B. & C.,

Lentinus Wilkesii, B. & C.,
Lenzites repanda, Fr, :
Lycoperdon pusillum, Batsch..,

195 | Polyporus australis, Fr.,

195
195
196

201

196
201

brunneolus, Berk., .
cinnabarinus, F’r.,
flabelliformis, Kotsch.,
liturarius, B. & C., .
perennis, J’, .
sanguineus, F’r.,
vellereus, Berk.,

ae
“9

Schizophyllum commune, F*,.
Stereum complicatum, F7.,
lobatum, J’r.,

Thelephora aurantiaca, Pers., .
lamellata, B. & C.
scabra, B. & C.,
Trametes australis, Fr., .
lactea, Berk., .

?

198
197
198
198
198
197
197
198
199

196
200
200

200
199
200
197
197

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PHANEROGAMIA

OF THE

UNITED STATES EXPLORING EXPEDITION

a

PHANEROGAMIA

OF

PACIFIC NORTH AMERICA.

JOHN TORREY.

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PREFACE.

Axsout twelve years have elapsed since the late Dr. Torrey prepared
this Report upon the Phanerogamous plants collected by the naturalists
of the Expedition upon the Pacific coast of this country. Cirecum-
stances beyond his control have delayed the printing of it until now.
The plates only have been published, a small edition having been
distributed among botanists, both in this country and in Europe. In
the delay and uncertainty of its being published, a considerable num-
ber of alterations—affecting only some minor points—which had been
decided on in the course of a revision of the manuscript by Dr. Torrey
and myself, have, under the circumstances, failed to be attended to
up to the time when, not long ago, the manuscript was called for
that it might be placed in the printer’s hands. Before Dr. Torrey
could give attention to the manuscript, he was attacked by the illness
under which his valuable life was terminated on the 10th of March
last. Foreseeing that he would probably not be able to revise this
Report himself, he committed the manuscript to my hands and de-
sired me to edit it. He instructed me to make such corrections as
we had long before found to be needful, and also to attend to the few
changes of nomenclature which have become necessary on account of
recent publications, whether by himself or by other botanists.

I have revised the manuscript in accordance with these instructions
of my lamented friend and colleague, and also in accordance with the
understood wishes of the Library Committee that the Report should
be printed as nearly in the state the author left it as well might be.

53

210 PREFACE

There has, of course, been no attempt to bring the Report down to
the present day. It represents our knowledge in respect to the subject-
matter as it was a dozen years ago, except where Dr. Torrey has him-
self introduced references or views of a later date, and except the
very few cases in which published names inevitably supersede those
imposed by the author and. still in manuscript. Otherwise my work
has been almost wholly of a clerical kind, or has related to the cor-
rection of oversights, to typographical arrangement, &c. Whenever
an explanatory remark was thought needful it has been added. But
all such notes are inclosed within brackets.

It is much to be regretted that this Report was not printed and pub-
lished, as was expected, in the year 1861, and that it did not receive
the final corrections which the lamented author would have given, if
he had himself lived to see it through the press. To do the best that
can be done with it under the actual circumstances has been the
endeavor and the sacred and sad duty of the present editor.

ASA GRAY.
WASHINGTON, April 15, 1873.

PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS

COLLECTED IN

WASHINGTON TERRITORY, OREGON, AND
CALIFORNIA.

Orv. l. RANUNCULACEZ?.
1. CLEMATIS, Linn.

1. CLrematis Dovguasi, Hook.

Clematis Douglasii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p.1, t.1; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 8.

Has. Columbia River from Spokane to the Kooskooskee.—Plant
two to three feet high. Plumose tails of the fruit about two inches
long. |

2. CLEMATIS LIGUSTICIFOLIA, Nutt., in Torr. & Gray, l. c.
Var. BRACTEATA: foliolis 3-5 late cordatis inciso-lobatis dentatisve
utrinque glabris, floralibus bracteantibus obovatis multo majoribus

integris.

Has. Willamette River, Oregon.— The leaflets, especially of the
floral leaves, are unusually large.

212 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3, CLEMATIS (ATRAGENE) VERTICILLARIS, DC.

Has. Upper tributaries of the Columbia River, and on the Koos-
kooskee.—To this belongs Atragene Columbiana, Nutt. The flowers
are smaller than those of the eastern plant; the tails of the fruit
about two inches long and very slender.

2 ANEMONE, Linn.

1. ANEMONE MULTIFIDA, Poor.

Has. Columbia River, between the mouth of the Spokane and Fort
Colville.—A species of wide range and of still somewhat uncertain
limitation.

2. ANEMONE NEMOROSA, Linn.

Has. High, shady water-courses in the interior of Oregon. Seem-
ingly of rare occurrence west of the Rocky Mountains.

3, ANEMONE DELTOIDEA, Hook.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—Well represented in Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am., 1, t. 3, f. A.

4, ANEMONE NARCISSIFLORA, Linn.

Has. Port Townsend Harbor, Washington Territory.—A high
northern species.

3. THALICTRUM, Linn.

1. THALIcTRUM pDIOICUM, Linn., var. OXYCARPUM.

Has. Mountainous places in the interior of Washington Territory. :
—This has the foliage and flowers of 7. diowcwm, but the fruit is
nearly twice as long, as well as narrower in proportion, and remarkably

RANUNCULACEA. 213

acuminate. It seems to be the same as a plant collected in Oregon
by Nuttall, in blossom only, and named TZ heterophyllum, but never
published. [Probably Thalictrum occidentale, Gray, Proceed. Amer.
Acad. 8, p. 372.]

4,.TRAUTVETTERIA, Fisch. & Mey.

1, TRAUTVETTERIA GRANDIS, Nuitt., 7. c.

Has. Washington Territory, on the wooded slopes of the Cascade
Mountains.—The character of the thin and membranaceous leaves
seems to hold constant; but the fruit has not yet been compared with
that of the Eastern 7. palmata.

5. RANUNCULUS, Linn.

1. RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, and in the interior of
Oregon.—One of the subspecies with the leaves all dissected into fili-
form divisions; but the fruit is not sufficiently mature for determining
to which it really belongs.

2. RANUNOCULUS FLAMMULA, Linn.

Has. Interior of Oregon, and alpine prairies on the upper waters
of the Columbia River.—This is the genuine R. Flammula of the
Old World, as the carpels show: some of the specimens belong to a
dwarf form.

3, RANUNCULUS AFFINIS, &. Br., var, LASIOCARPUS.

Has. Columbia River, between the Spokane and Fort Colville-—One
of the forms of this polymorphous species, with villous carpels.
b4

214 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

4. RANUNCULUS ORTHORHYNCHUS, Hook., 1. ¢.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—The hairs of the stem are rigid and
spreading, not appressed as described and figured by Hooker. The
leaves vary greatly, but the species is a very distinct one.

5. RANUNCULUS GLABERRIMUS, Hook.

Has. Valleys near the Kooskooskee River, Mr. Spalding: speci-
mens which accord well with the character and figure given by Hooker
(Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 12, t. 5, A.) of this very rare species.

6. RANuNcuLUS PENNSYLVANICUS, Linn.

Has. On the Columbia River, between the Spokane and Fort Col-
ville—The flowers are larger than in the plant of the Eastern States,
but in other respects there is no marked difference.

7. RANUNCULUS TENELLUS, Nutt., in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound. [In Proceed. Amer. Acad. 8, p. 374,
this is combined with the next, under the name of R. Nelsonii, var.
tenellus, Gray. |

8. RANUNCULUS OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt., 1. c.

Var. PARVIFLORUS: floribus multo minoribus ; stylis carpello subhispido
longioribus.

Has. Plains between Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains.—
This variety differs from the ordinary form of ZR. occidentalis in the
very small flowers, which are not larger than those of R. recurvatus.
The stem is about a foot high, and thinly clothed with retrorse-spread-
ing stiffish hairs. ‘The leaves are as in RB. occidentalis. Petals oblong,
scarcely exceeding the sepals. Carpels hispid with a few hairs, which
are mostly situated on the back. [This plant is the R. Nelsonii, forma
typica, Gray, 1. ¢.]

RANUNCULACES. 215

9. RANUNCULUS REPENS, Jann.

Has. Port Discovery, Washington Territory; common.—The speci-
mens belong to a hairy form which is common in the Eastern States. |

6 MYOSURUS, Dill.

1. Myosurus minimus, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound, and on the Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers.—
This plant is widely diffused over the western and southwestern parts
“of the United States and Territories, especially in those parts which
were settled by French and Spanish people, and is most probably of
Kuropean origin.

7 CALTHA, Linn.

1. CALTHA BIFLORA, DC., Hook.

Has. Wet places near the Cascade Mountains, Oregon.—Stems
slender, 1—-2-flowered, usually bearing a single small leaf, but some-
times naked. Leaves reniform, conspicuously crenate, the radical
ones on a long petiole, the basal sinus almost closed. Flowers about
half as large as those of C. palustris, with oblong sepals; the 4-9
carpels slightly acuminate with the very short style. Sir William
Hooker thought this species might be too nearly allied to C. lepto-
sepala, DC.; but in these specimens it appears to be very distinct.

8. TROLLIUS, Linn.

1. Trotuius LAxus, Salish.

Has. Washington Territory; common in subalpine prairies near
the Columbia River.—Smaller than the Eastern plant, but not other-
wise to be distinguished.

216 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

9 COPTIS, Saliso.

1. CopTis occIDENTALIS, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Woods, on the Umpqua Mountains, Oregon.—Upon this
interesting and still rare plant Nuttall was disposed to found a genus,
viz., Chrysocoptis, in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 9, t. 1. The present
specimens are all in fruit; the petioles 8 or 10 inches long; peduncles
about 6 inches, and the pedicels an inch or more in length. Follicles
4—6, somewhat curved, pointed with the very short persistent style.

10. AQUILEGIA, Linn.

1. AquiteciA CANADENSIS, Linn., var. FORMOSA.

Has. Borders of Puget Sound, and along the Columbia River; also
in the interior of Oregon.—This Columbine, the A. formosa of Fischer
and Meyer, differs from the Eastern A. Canadensis in having the
sepals nearly as long as the spurs, and twice the length of the limb
of the petals. Intermediate forms seem to forbid its being recognized
as a species. :

ll DELPHINIUYM, Linn.

1. Detpainium Menzizsu, DC.

Has. Prairies and woods, Puget Sound and interior of Oregon.—
Plant clothed with a short soft pubescence, somewhat branching.
Leaves an inch and a half in diameter, with a reniform circumscrip-
tion, 3-parted; the divisions 2- to 5-lobed, oblong or broadly linear.
Raceme 5-12-flowered; the peduncles 1-2 inches long. Flowers
large, pubescent. Sepals deep purplish-blue. Spur straight, longer
than the limb. Upper petals yellowish; the lower nearly orbicular,
moderately 2-lobed, bearded on the face. Follicles commonly 3, ob-
long, pubescent.

RANUNCULACES. 217

2. DELPHINIUM AZUREUM, Micha.

Has. Okanagan River, and high plains along the Kooskooskee.—
A variable species, extending southward through a great part of Cali-
fornia, and eastward to the Southern Atlantic States.

3. DELPHINIUM SIMPLEX, Hook,

Has. On the Spokane River, a tributary of the Upper Columbia.

12, ACONITUM, Tourn.

1. Aconitum NASsuUTUM, Fisch.

Has. Moist and rich prairies of Washington Territory; widely
diffused over the western part of the continent, and very variable.—
It includes Nuttall’s A. Columbianum, &e.

13. ACT “ZA, Linn.

1. Actma spicata, Linn., var. ARGUTA.

Has. Dry and fertile woods; Nisqually, Fraser River, &c.; not
rare in Oregon, and extending to California.—This is Nuttall’s A.
arguta, and is more nearly like the A. spicata of the Old World than
is our A. rubra. The fruit, about the size of a large pea, appears to
have been red, and is about 9-seeded. The uppermost leaf is closely
sessile and three-parted to the base,

14, PH ONTIA, Linn.
1. Pzonta Brownu, Dougl.

Has. Mountain-sides, interior of Washington Territory and Oregon,

55

218 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

extending to California. For Nuttall’s P Californica is the very
same.—Plant about a foot high, somewhat succulent. Flowers an
inch and a half in diameter. Petals roundish, somewhat leathery.
This is interesting as being the only Peonia of the New World.

Crossosoma, Nutt., a most remarkable Californian genus, which, in
the Botany of Whipple’s Expedition (where a good figure is given),
was considered to be most allied to Peonia, may rather more con-
fidently be referred to that tribe now that ripe seeds are known, and
the embryo. is found to be fully half the length of a fleshy albumen.
Although the arillus would technically refer the plant to the Dilleni-
ace, where it would be without any known relative whatever, this is
counterbalanced by the fleshy perigynous disk which has its counter-
part only in Peeonia.

Orv 2 BERBERIDACE &.

l BERBERIS, Zinn.

1, Berseris Aquirotium, Pursh.
Has. From Puget Sound to the Valley of the Sacramento, and, if

we include B. pinnata, Lagasca (Mahonia fascicularis, DC.), into which
it gradually passes, along the whole coast of California.

2. BERBERIS NERVOSA, Pursh.

Has. Deep woods around Puget Sound, and in similar stations
down to California—Rarely more than one or two feet high.

BERBERIDACEA. 219

2 VANCOUVERTA, Morr. & Decaisne.

1. VANCOUVERIA HEXANDRA, Morr. & Decaisne.

Has. Fertile woods about Puget Sound.—Fruit dehiscing, not by
the sutures, but by a vertical separation of the dorsal from the ventral
portion (as in Diamorpha), forming (from the gibbosity of the fruit)
two unequal valves which are revolute and persistent. In the only
unopened capsule there was but a single perfect seed, and eight abor-
tive ones. Raphe inflated and arilliform.

38 ACHLYS, DC.

1. ACHLYS TRIPHYLLA, DC.

Has. Fertile woods, Puget Sound, and Umpqua Mountains in Ore-
gon. [The dehiscence of the carpel in this plant, otherwise well
figured by Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Am. t. 12, is also anomalous. It is neither
“bivalvatim dehiscens,” nor really dehiscent at all. The whole dorsal
portion is almost cartilaginous; the ventral portion is thin, membra-
naceous, and strongly concave or cupped, with a fleshy central ridge,
which when soaked, and probably in the fresh state, swells up very
much and fills the cavity. This pulpy portion might be likened to
the thickened placenta of Podophyllum, but it does not bear the seed.
That rises from the very base of the cell. Vide Proceed. Am. Acad.
8, p. 376. ]

Orv 8 NYMPH HACE &.

1 BRASENI A, Schreber, (HypRopPe.tis, Michz.)

1. BRASENIA PELTATA, Pursh.

Has. Satchap River, near its entrance into Gray’s Harbor, Wash-
ington Territory.—Not hitherto known to occur west of Arkansas and
Eastern Texas, although long known to inhabit Eastern Australia,
Japan, and Khasia. [To which may now be added Angola, Western
Africa; and two new stations on our Pacific coast, viz., in Oregon
and in Clear Lake, California. But it was in this Expedition that the
unexpected discovery of this plant on the Pacific coast was made. It
was recorded in the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, new series, 6, p. 449, in the year 1859. ]

2 NUPHAR, Smith.

1. NUPHAR ADVENA, Ait.

Has. Borders of the Kooskooskee River, Washington Territory, and
near San Francisco, California. [Most probably WV. polysepalum,
Engelm., in Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. ]

Orv 4 SARRACENIACES®.

1 DARLINGTONIA, @rr.

Calyx ebracteolatus, 5-sepalus ; sepalis distinctis subpetaloideis, Corolla
d-petala; petalis latissime unguiculatis; lamina ovata ungue multo
minore. Stamina 12-15, wniserialia; filamentis brevibus subulatis ;
anthers oblongo-linearibus, loculis incequalibus. Ovarium turbinatum,
d-loculare, 5-lobatum, apice dilatatum, concavum. Stylus brevis,
columnaris, d-fidus; laciniis linearibus divergentibus, apice intus stig-
matosis. Ovula plurima anatropa, placentas dilatatas obtegentia.
Capsula..... Herba perennis, Californica, uliginosa; foliis fere
Sarracenice, lamina profunde biloba, lobis divergentibus; scapis uni-
floris bracteatis; bracteis infimis distantibus, supremis approximatis
imbricatis; flore nutante purpureo,

1, Daruineronta Cauirornica, Zor.

Darlingtonia Californica, Torr. in Smithson. Contrib. 6, p. 4.

»

Has. Head-waters of the Sacramento, in Northern California, near
the Shasta Mountain, growing in marshes. Mr. Brackenridge (who
found only the leaves and scapes, but neither Hower nor fruit). Near
the same place it was long afterwards found in flower by Dr. G. W.
Hulse.

A perennial herb. Rootstock short and thick, producing numer-
ous, stout, dark-brown, fibrous roots. Leaves all radical; the adult
ones from eighteen inches to two feet or more in length; the petiole or
pitcher tubular, gradually tapering downward, and singularly twisted
on its axis about half a turn, marked with strong parallel longitudi-
nal veins, which are connected by very slender veinlets. The summit

56

.

222 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

is vaulted, and formed into a sac, which (in the full-grown leaf) is
about the size of a hen’s egg, on the other side of which is an oval
orifice, about an inch in diameter, opening into the cavity of the
pitcher. The areole of the sac, and also of the back of the tube on
the upper part, are discolored (of a dull orange color in the dried
specimens), as in Sarracenia variolaris and S. Drummondu. Along
the inside of the petiole is a narrow wing, which is single, except at
the base, where it separates into two plates that clasp the scape and
the base of the superior leaves. The lamina is narrow at the base,
and deeply divided into two somewhat unequal widely spreading lobes,
which are oblong-lanceolate, rather acute, bent downwards and often
also backwards; the inner (or properly upper) surface very minutely
pubescent. The pitcher, inside the hood, is retrorsely hirsute with
short conical hairs; from thence downwards it is glabrous, except
towards the bottom, where it is lined with slender hairs, also pointing
downward: at the bottom the remains of insects were found. Neither
these hairs nor those of the lamina appear to be of a secreting char-
acter. They are almost precisely similar to those of the leaves of
Sarracenia.* The scape is from one to four feet long, flexuous, angu-
lar, glabrous, and furnished with sessile clasping straw-colored scales.
These scales are foliaceous and alternate, the lower ones distant and
lanceolate, the upper more and more approximated and broader, while
those near the flower are oblong-ovate and imbricate. They are
marked with longitudinal veins, which are forked toward the ex-
tremity. The upper surface is paler, and under a lens shows minute
conical papille. The flower, when fully expanded, is nearly two
inches in diameter. The calyx consists of five oblong rather acute
sepals, which are of a pale straw color, and are quincuncially imbri-
cated. There are no calyculate bracts at their base. The corolla is
5-petalled, about the length of the calyx, and its eestivation is like-
wise quincuncial. The petals are oblong, pale purple, marked with
deeper reticulated veins, and are apparently not connivent over the
pistil. They are furnished with a small ovate lamina, and very broad
obovate claw, which is two or three times longer than the lamina,
Stamens 12-15, hypogynous, in a single series, and partly concealed
by the dilated summit of the ovary: filaments short and rather stout :
anthers oblong, with the cells very unequal, and opening longitudi-

* See Torr. Fl. New York, 1, p. 42.

SARRACENIACES, 223

nally, turned by the twisting of the filaments so that the cells are
anterior and posterior, the smaller cell lying against the ovary. Pol-
len simple and spherical. Ovary turbinate, 5-celled, and somewhat
d-lobed, concave and dilated at the summit, so as to form a sort of
margin which projects over the stamens: style columnar, short, 5-lobed
at the summit; the narrow segments diverging, and stigmatose at the
extremity on the inside. Ovules very numerous, anatropous, cover-
ing the large placentz, which project into the cells of the ovary. No
fruit was found, but on one of the specimens there was a small portion
of a capsule, which was evidently 5-celled.

From Sarracenia this genus differs in the calyx not being calyculate;
in the form of the petals; in the somewhat definite and uniserial
stamens; in the dilated turbinate ovary; and especially in the absence
of the large umbrella-shaped summit of the style, which is so con-
spicuous in the former genus. The forked lamina of the leaf, and
the bracteate scapes, are also characters not found in any Sarracenia.
From Heliamphora it is still more distinct. In that genus the scapes
are several-flowered; the flowers are apetalous; the style is entire and
not dilated at the summit, and the ovary is 5-celled. The leaves also
differ in their greatly dilated orifice, very small lamina, and doubly
winged pitchers.

In the Bibliothéque Universelle de Genéve, Archives des Sciences
Physiques et Naturelles, 1854, p. 255, are some observations on this
genus, by Alph. De Candolle. He points out a remarkable character
in Mr. Sprague’s admirable figure, which I have not mentioned in my
description, viz., that the five cells of the ovary are represented as
alternate with the sepals, while in Sarracenia purpurea they are oppo-
site. Contrary symmetries are rare in nearly allied genera, but M.
De Candolle has discovered some such among Campanulacee. He
nevertheless inquires whether Mr. Sprague may not have mistaken
the structure of Darlingtonia in this particular. Although I am un-
willing to sacrifice my only remaining flower of this plant, the frag-
ment of a capsule on one of the specimens of the Exploring Expedi-
tion enables me to verify the correctness of Mr. Sprague’s analysis.
The axis, with portions of the dissepiment, and the bases of the sepals
remain, and the cells are alternate with the sepals.

[This plant,—one of the most interesting botanical discoveries of
the Expedition,—has been brought into cultivation since the above
was written, and has been more than once illustrated. It is none the

224 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

less desirable, on this account, that the original description should
appear. It ought also to be here mentioned that the genus in its
name commemorates one of the worthiest American botanists of the
last generation, Dr. William Darlington, of West Chester, Pennsyl-
vania, author of the Flora Cestrica, &c., who survived in a good old
age to see and admire this wonderful plant. ]

Orv 5. PAPAVERACE &.

l ESCHSCHOLTZIA, Cham.
1. EscuscHoitzia CALIFORNICA, Cham.

Has. Near San Francisco, and in other parts of California: common.

2.-EscuscHottz1A Dovueiasu, Hook. & Arn.
Has. On the Willamette River, Oregon, and from thence to the

Sacramento Valley, California——We suspect this is not distinct from
E. Californica.

2 DENDROMECON, Benth.

1. DENDROMECON RIGIDUM, Benth.

Has. Near San Francisco, and on the Upper Sacramento, Califor-
nia.—A shrub, usually not more than three feet high, with a smooth,
polished stem.

Orv 6 FUMARIACE &.

1. DICENTRA, Borck.

1, DicentRA Formosa, DC.

Dielytra formosa, DC. Syst. 2, p. 109; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 35.
D. saccata, Nutt., in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 67.
Fumaria formosa, Dryand. in Hort. Kew. (ed. 2), 4, p. 239; Bot. Mag. t. 1335.

Has. Fertile woods, Puget Sound; common.—This species is very
closely allied to D. eximia, but the racemes are much less compound,
and the flowers are considerably broader across the spurs.

2. Dicentra CucuLuaria, DC.

Has. Plains, and on the north side of hills, in the Nez Percé
country ; flowering in March; Rev. Mr. Spalding.

2 CORYDALIS, Vent.

1. CorYDALIS AUREA, Willd.

Has. In the Nez Percé country; Rev. Mr. Spalding. [This West-
ern plant is the var. occidentalis or C. montana of Engelmann, as indi-
cated in Gray, Man. ed. 5, p. 62.]

57

Orv 7 CRUCIFER &.

1 NASTURTIUM, R. Br.

1. NASTURTIUM PALUSTRE, DC.

Has. Wet grounds, Oregon and California; common all round the
northern hemisphere.

2. NASTURTIUM CURVISILIQUA, Nutt.

Has. Shady wet places in the Nez Percé country, Rev. Mr. Spald-
ing. The siliques are not mature, but the plant agrees very well with
original specimens of this species received from Mr. Nuttall.

3. NASTURTIUM LYRATUM, Nudd.

Has. Damp soils on the Upper Sacramento, California.—Our speci-
mens differ from Nuttall’s in the leaves being only coarsely toothed,
instead of lyrate or pinnatifid with toothed segments.

2 BARBAREA, R.Br.

1. BARBAREA VULGARIS, F. Br.

Has. Moist places, Puget Sound; and along watercourses in the
Nez Percé country. On the Satchap River, Washington Territory.
The latter one of the forms commonly referred to B. praccox, R. Br.

CRUCIFERAE. 227

3 STREPTANTHUS, Mutt.

1. STREPTANTHUS ToRTUOSUS, Kellogg.

Has. Mountainous region in the upper part of the valley of the
Sacramento, California; among loose rocks.—Root biennial. Stem 2
or 3 feet high, with a few erect branches. Leaves thick, and appar-
ently somewhat fleshy ; the radical ones about 2 inches long, narrowed
at the base; the cauline numerous and approximated, an inch in
length, with a very deep sinus at the base. Sepals ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse, hairy at the tip externally. Petals narrowly rhomboid-lanceolate,
undulate, greenish? with purple veins, nearly twice the length of the
calyx. Pod 2 inches or more in length, less than 2 lines wide, faleate,
curved downwards. Seeds with a narrow margin on the radicular
side. [This was not unnaturally thought to be S. cordatus of Nuttall,
and is the plant so named by Torrey in Whipple’s Expedition. It
was set right in the monograph of Streptanthus, and the true WS. cor-
datus of Nuttall has since been elucidated by 8S. Watson in the Botany
of King’s Exploration. |

4. TURRITIS, Dill.

1. Turritis MAcRocarPA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound: not uncommon.—Too near Turritis
glabra, which it represents on the Pacific coast. —

2. TURRITIS PATULA, Graham.

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory; a species of
wide range and diverse forms, some of them apparently passing into
the next.

228 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. TURRITIS RETROFRACTA, Hook.

Has. On-the Upper Columbia, between Fort Okanagan and Grand
Couleé; and shady banks of the Kooskooskee, Rev. Mr. Spalding.

5. ARABIS, Linn.

1. ARABIS HIRSUTA, Scop.

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor; also in the interior of
Oregon.

2. ARABIS RUPESTRIS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—Very near A. hirsuta.

3. ARABIS LEHVIGATA, DC.
Has. Sides of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory.—
Flowers considerably larger than in the ordinary state of the plant.
4, ARABIS CANESCENS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. On the Upper Columbia, and in the interior of Oregon.

6 CARDAMINE, Linn.

1. CARDAMINE ANGULATA, Hook.

Has. Fertile, moist woods, Nisqually, Puget Sound; also, near the
Cascade Mountains, Oregon, with the stem and upper leaves pubes-
cent. ;

CRUCIFERA. 229

2, CARDAMINE CORDIFOLIA, Gray, Pl. Fendl.

Has. Near the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory —Our
solitary specimen agrees well with the plant of Fendler from the
mountains of New Mexico. We have it also in fruit from Fremont,
collected in his third expedition, on the head-waters of the Arkansas.
It most resembles C. rhomboidea, but differs in the leaves being all
cordate and petioled, in its shorter and stouter fructiferous pedicels,
and in the much less pointed pods. [Lyall and E. Hall have since
collected it in Oregon, verifying the species. ]

3. CARDAMINE HIRSUTA, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound, Washington Territory; the common and widely
diffused species.

4, CARDAMINE OLIGOSPERMA, Nutt., 1. ¢.

Has. Puget Sound.—Evidently a distinct species, near the last.

7 DENTARIA, Linn.

1, DENTARIA TENELLA, Pursh.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—The segments of the leaves vary
from oblong to broadly linear, The pod is an inch long, and more
than an inch wide, acuminate with the tapering style.

8 PH@NICAULTS, Mutt

1. PHGNICAULIS CHEIRANTHOIDES, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. On the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—[Genus re-
duced to Cheiranthus, i. e., C. Menziesti, Benth. & Hook. ]
58

230 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

9 SISYMBRIUM, Allioni.

1. StsymBrium Sopura, Linn., vars.

Has. On the Upper Columbia River.—[Two forms; one clearly
belonging to S. incisum, Engelm.; the other, with pedicels only twice
the length of the calyx and only half as long as the pod, would ap-
pear to be Fournier’s S. Hartwegianum.]

2. SISYMBRIUM THALIANA, Gay.

Has. Dry prairies between Fort Okanagan and Grand Couleé.—
Probably indigenous to the region.

10. ERYSIMUM, Linn.

1. ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES, Linn.

Has. Interior of Oregon Evidently an indigenous species.

2. ERyYsimuM ASPERUM, DC.

Haz, Puget Sound, and prairies in the interior of Washington Ter-
ritory. [£. lanceolatum, Pursh.]

3. ERYSIMUM RETROFRACTUM, Sp. Nov.

. glabrum, elatum ; foliis inferioribus lyratis, superioribus oblongo-
lanceolatis remote runcinato-dentatis ; floribus minutis ; siliquis longe
racemosis brevi-pedicellatis reflexis acutis.

Has. Between the Cascade Mountains and Fort Nisqually; rare.—
A remarkable species, easily distinguished by its smoothness and
reflexed siliques. The stem is 3 or 4 feet high. The leaves with a
long tapering point; lower cauline ones 2 or 3 inches long. Flowers

CRUCIFERSA. 231

smaller than in E. cheiranthoides. Petals obovate-cuneate, scarcely
longer than the calyx. Pedicels of the fruit 2 to 3 lines long, a little
hairy, abruptly bent downward. Pods an inch and a half long, and
nearly a line wide, distinctly quadrangular. Stigma minute. Seeds
in a single row, oblong. Cotyledons incumbent. [This needs to be
compared with Sisymbriwm deflecum of Harvey, which is also Turvitis?
lastophylla, Hook. & Arn., and which, in a form having less pinnatifid
leaves, extends into Oregon. |

ll. THELY PODIUM, Edi. (Pacuyronivm, Nutt.)

1. THELYPODIUM LACINIATUM, End.

Has. On the Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers.—The mature pods
are three inches or more in length, in an elongated raceme.

2. THELYPODIUM BRACHYCARPUM, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 1.)

L. foluis radicalibus lyrato-pinnatifidis, caulinis lanceolato-oblongis basi
sagittatis amplexicaulibus integerrimis; racemis spiciformibus, floribus
subsessilibus ; petalis calyce 2-3-plo longioribus anguste linearibus ;
siliquis oblongo-linearibus ; stipite brevissimo.

Has. On the Klamet River, southern borders of Oregon.—Whole
plant smooth. Root biennial. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, fastigiately
branched. Radical leaves about 2 inches long; the lobes somewhat
toothed: cauline leaves acute or obtuse, an inch long, apparently
rather fleshy; the auricles rounded. Pedicels scarcely a line in
length. Sepals oblong. Petals white, extremely narrow and of
nearly uniform breadth throughout, apparently twisted. Pods in a
short close raceme, 6 to 9 lines long, nearly terete, somewhat toru-
lose, abruptly pointed with the very short style. Seeds 6 to 9 in each
cell, oblong, not margined. Cotyledons obliquely incumbent. A well-
marked species, resembling Z: laciniatum in its very long narrow
petals, and P. sagittatum in its leaves; but differing from both in its
short almost sessile pods.

232 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

PLATE 1.—THELYPODIUM BRACHYCARPUM. An entire plant of the
natural size. Fig. 1. Plan of the flower. 2. A flower partly ex-
panded. 3. A petal from the same. 4. A stamen from the same.
5. A flower fully expanded. 6. A sepal from the same. 7. A petal.
8. One of the longer stamens. 9. One of the shorter stamens. 10.
The pistil, with the glands at its base. 11. One of the glands. 12.
A branch bearing ripe pods. 13. Tissue of the partition. 14. A
little of the same, more magnified. 15. A seed transversely divided.
16. The embryo. All the details more or less magnified.

12, VESICARIA, Lam.

1. Vestcarta Lupoviciana, DC.

Has. Sandy banks of the Columbia River.—The specimens are
unusually tall, some of them being a foot and a half high.

13. PHYSARIA, Gray.

1. PHYSARIA DIDYMOCARPA, Gray.

Has. Banks of rivers; interior of Oregon, widely distributed
throughout the dry central regions of the continent.

2. PuysartA GEYERI, Gray.

Has. Prairies along the Columbia River, between Spokane River
and Fort Colville, interior of Oregon—A very distinct species, well
described and figured by Hooker. The pods are scarcely one-fourth
the size of those of P. didymocarpa. As these species (to which
a third, P. Newberryi, has been added) have only the aspect, and
not the carpological character, of Vesicaria, the genus would seem to
be a good one.

CRUCIFER A. 233

l4. DRABA, Linn.

1. DraBA NEmoROSA, Linn.

Has, Port Discovery, Puget Sound (var. hebecarpa) ; mountains of
Oregon (specimens without fruit).

2. DRABA CAROLINIANA, Wald.

Has. On the Columbia River, near Fort Walla-Walla.—A widely
diffused species east of the Mississippi, but no station west of the
Rocky Mountains has been hitherto recorded. |

15. THLASPI, Dill.

1. THLASPI COCHLEARIFORME, DC.

Has. Interior of Oregon —Plant nearly a foot high, branching
from the base. Raceme elongated in fruit. Pedicels about twice the
length of the mature pods. Cells of the pod 4—7-seeded. Our plant
seems to be hardly distinct from 7. alpestris, and it clearly includes 7.
Fendlert, Gray.

16. LEPIDIUM, Linn., R. Br.

1. LEPIpDIUM RUDERALE, Linn.

Has. Valley of the Columbia River—The pods are somewhat
scabrous-pubescent; especially on the margin. [Probably ZL. inter-
medium, Gray, Pl. Wright., which is the common Western species. |

2. Leripium Menzissu, DC.

Has. In various parts of Washington Territory, commonly near
the sea.—The leaves are variable: sometimes all of them nearly
59

234. PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

entire, or with a few sharp teeth; sometimes deeply pinnatifid, with
the lobes 2—3-toothed. Petals 4, two of them broader than the others.
Stamens often only 38. Pods smooth. Cotyledons incumbent. |

17. CAPSELLA, Veni.

1. CApsELLA Bursa-Pastoris, Monch.

Has. Around Fort Nisqually, Puget Sound, and in the interior of
the country: probably introduced from Europe.

18. PLATYSPERMU M, Hook.

1, PLATYSPERMUM SCAPIGERUM, Hook.

Has. Stony land on the Kooskooskee River; flowering in January.
The fructiferous scapes are from 4 to 5 inches high. Pods broadly
oval, nearly half an inch in length; the valves reticulated: dissepi-
ment very thin and translucent, without a longitudinal line; the
tubuli reticulated, forming minute transversely oblong areole. Seeds
mostly 4 in each cell, surrounded with a very broad orbicular mem-
brane: funiculi free. This interesting little plant, so well illustrated
by Hooker, is of rare occurrence in collections.

19. THYSANOCARPUS, Aook.
1. 'THYSANOCARPUS CURVIPES, Hook.

Has. Puget Sound; extending south through California.

2. THYSANOCARPUS OBLONGIFOLIUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Puget Sound, and low grounds on the Kooskooskee River.

Orv 8 CAPPARIDACE &.

1 CLEOME, Linn.

1, CLEOME (PERITOMA) PLATYCARPA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 2.)

C. pilis patentibus partim glandulosis pubescens ; foliis trifoliolatis ; folio-
lis oblongo-lanceolatis utrinque acutiusculis wntegerrimis ; sepalis basi
connatis lineart-lanceolatis ; petalis (luters) oblongo-obovatis via unguicu-
latis; staminibus subequalibus ; siliquis late oblongis dense pubescenti-
bus stipite via equalibus stylo longo persistente superatis.

Has. Klamet River, Northern California.

Annual. Stem about a foot high, somewhat branching. Pubes-
cence of two kinds; one shorter, grayish, and consisting of simple
hairs; the other twice as long, the hairs stouter, yellowish, and partly
glandular. Leaves all trifoliolate; the leaflets 6 to 8 lines long, and
pubescent on both sides. Flowers in a terminal raceme which is
elongated in fruit. Sepals distinct nearly to the base, tapering to a
long subulate point, nearly half the length of the petals, ciliate-serru-
late on the margin. Petals about one-third of an inch long, obtuse,
furnished with a very short claw. Stamens 6, a little unequal: fila-
ments filiform, about twice the length of the petals, smooth: anthers
linear-oblong, homomorphous, revolute when dry. Torus very short,
bearing a minute fleshy nectary. Ovary supported on a long slender
stipe, oblong, densely pubescent, abruptly pointed with a style, which
is one-third the length of the ovary itself. Pod three-fourths of an
inch long, and about 4 lines broad, compressed, 10—-12-seeded, rather
obtuse at each end; the persistent style nearly three lines long; the
valves separating from the filiform placentae.—This is a very distinct
species, but allied to C. /utea, from which it differs in its trifoliolate

236 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

leaves, very broad pod, and conspicuous style, as well as in its pubes-
cence. |

Piate 2.—CLEOME PLATYCARPA. Upper part of the plant. Fig. 1.
An unexpanded flower. 5. Stamens from the same. 2. An ex-
panded flower. 3. A sepal. 4. A petal. 6. A stamen. 7. Upper
part of the same, showing the form of the anther after discharging
its pollen. 8. The pistil. 9. Replum and seeds of a mature pod.
10. A seed. 11. The same longitudinally divided. Details more or
less magnified.

2. CLEOME LUTEA, Hook.

Has. Rich soil, on hillsides, Kooskooskee River, flowering in May
and June: also on the Walla-Walla River.—This includes C. aurea,
Nutt., in Torr. & Gray, Fl, At least I find no sufficient characters for
distinguishing C. aurea from C. lutea. In both the stamens are nearly
equal when the flowers are fully expanded, but in some of the buds of
my specimen of the latter, one or two of the stamens are shorter than
the others, as represented in the figure of Hooker. More rarely there
are four short and two long stamens, as they are described in the text
of the same work. As to the relative length of the pod and styles,
there is no constancy. The ovary in some of the flowers is reduced
to a mere rudiment.

2 POLANISIA, Raf

1. PoLANISIA GRAVEOLENS, Raf.

Has. On the Walla-Walla, Oregon; June, in flower and fruit.—So
far as we know, this plant has not before been detected west of the
Rocky Mountains.

Orv 9 VIOLACE &.

1 VIOLA, Linn.

1. VIOLA SARMENTOSA, Dougl.

Has. Puget Sound and Cascade Mountains, Washington Terri-
tory.—A small form of a species which is common through the region,
and which in Sir William Hooker’s account of Geyer’s plants was
doubtfully referred to V. rotundifolia.

2. VIOLA CUCULLATA, Ait.

Has. Washington Territory; near rivers.—Agrees with the eastern
species.

3. VIOLA GLABELLA, Nutt.

Has. Puget Sound, and plains towards the Cascade Mountains.—
A slender species, about 6 inches high, with thin leaves and bright
yellow flowers.

4. ViotA Nuttauui, Pursh.

Has. In prairies; Puget Sound; Vancouver; and Kooskooskee
River.—Includes V. premorsa, Dougl., V. linguajfolia, Nutt., and
probably V. pedunculata, Torr. & Gray, as a large-flowered form,

60

238 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

5. VIOLA ADUNCA, Smith.

Has. Woods; Puget Sound, and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Ter-
ritory.—Specimens of what seems to be this species (also V. longipes,
Nutt.), with all the flowers small and apetalous, were gathered on
the Spokane River.

6. VIOLA CHRYSANTHA, Hook.
Viola chrysantha, Hook. Ic. t. 49; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, p. 143.

Var. GLABERRIMA: foliis pedatim 3-6-partitis, segmentis profunde
2-T-lobis, lobis lanceolatis integris.

Has. High, dry prairies between the Spipen River and the Colum-
bia.—A remarkable variety, found only in the station here recorded.
The divisions of the leaves are said by Dr. Pickering, in his notes, to
be “curved upward, and not growing in one plane.” The flowers
resemble those of the ordinary state of this species, the upper petals
being purplish and the others yellow.

[From the habitat and the character, this may be inferred to be
the Viola Halli, Gray, recently published in the Proceedings of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 8, p. 337.]

Orv. 10. CISTACE &.

l1HELIANTHEMUM, Zourn.

1. HELIANTHEMUM scopARIUM, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Sides of Mount Palmas near San Francisco, California, in
gravelly places.—This species is certainly annual, and not shrubby,
as stated by Hooker and Arnott in the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage
(p. 135). The plant has much the appearance of Hypericum Drum-

monde.

Orv I HYPERICACE &.

1. HY PERICUM, Linn.

1. Hypericum rormosum, 7. B. K.

Hypericum formosum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Spee. 5, p. 196, t. 160; DC. Prodr.
1, p. 547; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 17.

Af, Scouleri, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 111; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 160.

I. bracteosum, Kellogg in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, p. 65.

Has. Near Nisqually, and on the Wallah-Wallah and Kooskooskee

Rivers, Washington Territory and Oregon, southward to California
and New Mexico.

As remarked by Dr. Gray (1. c.), Z. formosum of Kunth differs but
little from H. Scouleri, and he suspected they were not distinct. If,
as we believe, the New Mexican plant is the same as Kunth’s, ZH.
Scoulert must be united with it.

240 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. Hypericum concinnum, Benth, Pl. Hartw.

Has. Sides of Mount Palmas, California; in gravelly places—A
well-characterized species, of which I have excellent specimens col-
lected by Col. Fremont, in California, in 1846. I have received it also
from the Rev. A. Fitch, and from the late Mr. Shelton. In all my
specimens the leaves are narrowly lanceolate-linear, and sparingly
pellucid-punctate, in which characters they differ somewhat from the
description of Bentham. The flowers are large for the size of the
plant. Stamens 40 to 50. Styles very long and ‘somewhat spread-
ing. Capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled. Seeds narrowly cylindrical.

3. HYPERICUM ANAGALLOIDES, Cham. & Schlecht.

Has. Near San Francisco, California; common on the western
coast.—A small species, nearly allied to H. mutilum. The capsule is
ovate-conical, one-celled, with 3 parietal placenta. Seeds rather
large, cylindrical-oblong.

Onn 12 FRANKENIACES.

1 FRANKENTA, Linn.

1, FRANKENIA GRANDIFOLIA, Cham. & Schlecht.

Frankenia grandifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1, p. 35; Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beech. Voy., p. 185; Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2, p. 3; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 168;
Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 36, t. 5.

Has. Saline Plains, California, on the Upper Sacramento, and in
salt marshes, near San Francisco.

Orv 18. CARYOPHYLLACE SA.

1 SILEN &E, Linn.

1. SILene ANTIRRHINA, Linn.

Has. Mouth of the Spokane River, and on the Kooskooskee; also
near San Francisco, almost as common on the western as on the east-
ern side of the continent.

2. SILENE Doves, Hook.

Has. Vicinity of Fort Nisqually, Puget Sound, and on the Okan-
agan River.—F lowers few, in a loose terminal cyme. Calyx some-
what veiny; the teeth obtuse, with a membranous ciliolate border.
Limb of the petals 2-cleft about half its length; the divisions linear-
oblong, mostly entire, but sometimes emarginale.

3. SILENE ScouLERI, Hook.

Has. From Puget Sound, eastward to the Cascade Mountains.—
Root perennial. Stems 12 to 2 feet high, swollen at the nodes, mi-
nutely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate-linear, 2-3 inches long. Flowers
in a narrow cymose panicle; peduncles mostly opposite, 1-3-flowered.
Calyx oblong-clavate, abruptly contracted at the base; the teeth
broadly ovate, with a membranaceous ciliolate border. Petals appar-
ently pale rose color; the limb deeply 2-parted; the divisions more
or less deeply 2-cleft, with narrow lobes, which are either entire or
emarginate. Besides the primary divisions, there are often two
shorter and narrower lateral segments which are situated lower down
than the others.

6]

242 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

4, Srmuene Menzies, Hook.

Has. In woods between the Cascade Mountains and the Columbia
River.—The specimens confirm the opinion given in the supplement
of the Flora of North America, that & Menziesii and S. stellaroides
are one species. Hooker states that the petals are destitute of a
crown, which is a mistake.

5. SILENE CALIFORNICA, Durand.

Silene Californica, Durand, Pl. Pratt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. (n. ser.) 2, p. 83; Torr.
in Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 69.
S. Virginica, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 299, excl. syn.

Has. Valley of the Upper Sacramento, California.—This differs
in some respects from the plant of Durand and of Whipple, but not
very essentially. Leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, the upper-
most sessile and somewhat clasping. Cyme few-flowered. Calyx
oblong-cylindrical, in fruit ovate and somewhat inflated: the teeth
oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals scarlet, 4-cleft; the lateral segments
much narrower than the others; middle seements emarginate : near
the base of the limb on each side is an acute salient tooth. The
crown 2-parted, with the divisions 2-3-toothed. Perhaps this plant
is only a form of S. laciniata, Cavan., to which Lychnis pulchra, Cham,
& Schlecht., almost certainly belongs. We have specimens of S, pul-
chra from Coulter’s Mexican collection (No. 723), some of which have
broadly ovate leaves which are more than an inch broad. Characters
derived from the notches and teeth of the petals are variable, and
cannot, therefore, be trusted for specific characters. Possibly S. Vir-
ginica, S. regia, and 8. rotundifolia, are only varieties of S. daciniata.

2, SAGINA, Linn.

1. SaGiIna PROcUMBENS, Linn.

Has, Puget Sound; apparently indigenous. (Parts of the flower
five in all the specimens examined.)

CARYOPHYLLACES. 243

2. Sacina Linna, Presi.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound; also near Gray’s Harbor. (Stamens
sometimes only from 7 to 9.)

38. ALSINE, Waal. Fenzl.

1, ALSINE TENELLA, Mutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has, Puget Sound.—Probably, as Fenzl supposes, only an Ameri-
can variety of A. tenwifolia, Crantz.

4 ARENARIA, Linn.

1. ARENARIA cCONGESTA, Nutt.
Arenaria congesta, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 178.

Has. On the Columbia River and its tributaries.—Stems 1 to 2 feet
high, straight, compressed. Radical leaves sometimes 3 or 4 inches
long; stem leaves shorter, erect. Heads of flowers about three-
fourths of an inch long; the bracts finally rigid and pungent.

2, ARENARIA FORMOSA, Fisch.

Has. Prairies between the Cascade Mountains and the Upper Co-
lumbia.—The upper part of the stem, as well as the peduncles and
sepals, are glandularly pubescent. The radical leaves are more than
an inch in length; those of the young shoots much crowded and
curved; the mucronation either curved or straight. Sepals broadly
ovate, membranaceous, and very obscurely 3-nerved. Capsule globose-
ovate. Perhaps distinct from Fischer and Ledebour’s plant, but it is
pretty certainly A. nardifolia of Hooker.

244 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. ARENARIA LARICIFOLIA, Linn.

Var. CaSPITOSA: caulibus foliisque viscoso-puberulis ; sepalis acutiusculis,
nervo medio latissimo.

Has. Upper Columbia River, Washington Territory.—Perennial.
Stems somewhat woody below, throwing up numerous erect rigid
branches, which are about a span high, minutely and somewhat glan-
dularly pubescent. Lower leaves closely approximated, and appearing
fasciculate, erect; the uppermost distant, all of them narrowly subu-
late, rigid, and somewhat pungent, about an inch long. Cymes few-
flowered, rather contracted. Sepals ovate, with a broad thin margin ;
the central part thick, nerveless, and resembling a broad midrib.
Petals obovate, nearly twice as long as the sepals. Capsule ovate,
very obtuse, a little shorter than the calyx; the valves 2-cleft at the
summit. This is near the last species, but differs in the shorter and
pubescent leaves, compound cymes, and acutish sepals. From A.
laricyfolia it differs in its longer leaves, much smaller and more
numerous flowers, broader nerveless sepals, &c.

4, ARENARIA FRANKLINI, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Banks of the Columbia, above the mouth of the Wallah-
Wallah, and on the Okanagan River.

5. HONKENYA, Efvh.

1. HonKENYA PEPLOIDES, Ehrh.

Haz. Shores of Puget Sound, and Straits of De Fuca; also at
Gray’s Harbor, which is the most southern station known to us on
the Pacific coast for this plant.—The specimens of this collection show
a transition from H. oblongifolia to the ordinary form of H. peploides,
and we now believe, with Ledebour, that there is but one species of
the genus.

CARYOPHYLLACES. 245

6. STELLARIA, Linn.

1. STELLARIA LONGIFOLIA, Muhl.

Has. Interior of Oregon.—The leaves of the solitary specimen are
broader than usual.

2. STELLARIA NITENS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. In prairies, Puget Sound; common. Also in the Kooskoos-
kee, in the interior of Washington Territory. (Some of the speci-
mens are 8 or 10 inches high.)

3. STELLARIA JAMESII, Jor.

Has. Hastern slope of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Terri-
tory.—This differs from the plant collected by Dr. James only in the
smaller leaves. The cymes are terminal and axillary. Petals 2-lobed
only at the summit. It is allied to & holostea.

4, STELLARIA BOREALIS, Bigel. & var. CRISPA.

Has. On the Kooskooskee River, Rev. Mr. Spalding. Also near
Gray’s Harbor; the var. crispa, also growing at the latter place.—We
unite S. crispa of Chamisso and Schlechtendal with S. borealis, because
we find intermediate forms that connect them. The leaves of the
former are sometimes evidently veiny, with an intramarginal nerve.

5. STELLARIA LONGIPES, Goldie.

Has. Damp fertile soils, near Gray’s Harbor and around Puget
Sound. On the Kooskooskee River, Rev. Mr. Spalding.—This species,
which is diffused over the northern part of this continent (from lat.

62

246 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

40°), is remarkably polymorphous, but is commonly identified with
care. Its erect habit, shiny and somewhat rigid leaves, and dark-
colored glossy elongated capsule, are characters which belong to all
its forms.

7 CERASTIUM, Linn.

1. CERASTIUM ARVENSE, Linn.

‘Has. Puget Sound, and on the Kooskooskee River.—A dwarf state
of this species, with numerous cespitose viscidly pubescent stems, and
short crowded leaves, was collected about Puget Sound.

8 M@HAHRINGIA, Linn.

1. Ma@arinGia LATERIFLORA, Fenzl.

Has. Damp fertile places on the Kooskooskee River; Rev. Mr.
Spalding.

2. Ma@HRINGIA MACROPHYLLA.

Mehringia umbrosa, Fenzl. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1, p. 372; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 18.

Arenaria macrophylla, Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 102, t. 87; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1,
p. 182; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 69.

A, umbrosa, Ledeb. Ic. Pl. Fl. Ross, t. 322.

Has, Puget Sound, Washington Territory.—In the Flora of North
America (I. ¢.) it was stated that Arenaria macrophylla, Hook., was
very near A. umbrosa, of Fenzl. There is now scarcely a doubt of
their identity. In removing the plant to the genus Mehringia we
adopt the earlier specific name of Hooker. In Ledebour’s figure,
quoted above, the leaves are shorter and rather more obtuse than in
our Puget Sound specimens.

CARYOPHYLLACEA, , IAT

9 PHENTACANA, Sarl.

1. PENTACENA RAMOSISSIMA, Walp.

Pentaceena ramosissima, Walp. Rep. 1, p. 261.

P. polycnemoides, Bartl. in Presl. Reliq. Heenk. 2, p. 5, t. 49, fig. 1.

Paronychia ? ramosissima, DC. Mém. Paronych. p. 12, t. 4; DC. Prodr. 3, p. 372;
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 171.

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory; also
around the Bay of San Francisco, and along the coast of California.—
Our plant agrees very well with the figure and description of De
Candolle (1. c.), and also with a Chilian specimen of P. ramosissima,
received from Sir William Hooker, except that the stipules are larger
and more silvery in the former. Mr. Nuttall was inclined to regard
it as a distinct species. P. polycnemoides, Walp. (1. c.), 1s probably
- not distinct from P. ramosissima.

10. SPERGULARIA, Pers.

1. SPERGULARIA RUBRA, L7s.

Has. Puget Sound, and saline places on the Lower Sacramento,
California.—We find both margined and immarginate seeds in the
same specimen, as has been noticed before in this variable (and prob-
ably composite) species. Some of the Californian specimens seem to
be decidedly perennial, with an almost woody base.

ll. MOLLUGO, Linn.

1. MoLiuGo VERTICILLATA, Linn.

Has. Banks of the Columbia and Upper Sacramento Rivers.—
This plant, which in the Atlantic States, has every appearance of
having immigrated from the south, probably from the Antilles, is rare
on the Pacific side, where it may be indigenous. We have received it
from thence only in the collections of the Exploring Expedition.

Orv. 14 PORTULACACE SA.

1 CALANDRINIA, ABK.

1. CALANDRINIA Menziresu, Hook.

Has. In various parts of Oregon.—Stamens mostly 8. Petals
twisted together after flowering, and afterwards, by the elongation of
the capsule, separating at the base like a calyptra, as in Calyptridium.

2 PORTULACA, Tourn.

1. PortuLaca oLERACEA, Linn.

Has. On the Upper Sacramento, California: apparently indigenous.

3 CLAYTONTA, Linn.

1. Chayronta CAROLINIANA, var. SESSILIFOLIA, Torr.

Has. On the Spokane River, Washington Territory.—The speci-
mens resemble in every respect the plant collected by Dr. Bigelow in
Whipple’s Expedition, in the report of which this plant is described.
It is C. lanceolata of Hooker’s Flora, but not of Pursh,

2. CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA, Donn.

Has. Puget Sound, and on the Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers.—
A variable species as to height, and in the size and form of the leaves.

PORTULACACES, 249

3. CLAYTONIA ALSINOIDES, Sims.

Has. Puget Sound, &c.; very common throughout all the region.
[Now determined to be the original C. Sibirica, Linn. ]

4, CLAYTONIA LINEARIS, Dougl. in Hook-

Has. Near Nisqually, Puget Sound, and on the Spipen River.—
We have little hesitation in referring C. dichotoma, N utt., to C. line-
aris. Some of our specimens are intermediate in characters between
the two species. Hooker (in Geyer’s Rocky Mount. Pl., Lond. Jour.
Bot. 6, p. 230) refers Nuttall’s plant to C. spathulata, Dougl.; but in
our specimens of the former, received from Mr. Nuttall himself, the
cauline leaves are all linear and alternate.

do. CLAYTONIA CHamissonis, Esch. & Ledeb.

Has. Near Fort Colville on the Upper Columbia River, and else-
where.— We have seen no specimens of Bongard’s C. flagellaris, but
it seems to differ from C. Chamissonis chiefly in its smaller and pro-
portionally broader leaves, and may be here referred, along with C.
aquatica, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

6. CLAYTONIA PARVIFOLIA, Mocino,

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—The root seems to be perennial in
our specimens; and the petals are emarginate, not acutely bifid at
the apex, as described by De Candolle, nor entire as in Nuttall’s
plant.

63

250 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

4. TALINUM, Apans.

1. ‘TALINUM SPINESCENS, Sp. Nov.

T. rhizomate brevi crasso subramoso; foliis brevibus teretibus clavato-
linearibus, nervo medio persistente spinulam efficiente ; staminibus
numerosis; stigmatibus in capitulum arcte conniventibus vel coalitis,

Has. Bare rocks between Fort Okanagan and Grand Coulie, on the
Upper Columbia River; rare.—Root somewhat fusiform. Rhizoma
very thick, rather ligneous than fleshy, divided above into two or
three branches, which terminate in slender peduncles 4 to 6 inches
long. Leaves nearly half an inch long, thicker towards the extremity,
obtuse; the lower portion of the midrib persistent and finally con-
verted into a slender spine. Flowers in a loose compound cyme, 5-6
lines in diameter. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, reticulately veined.
Petals “beautiful purple,” obovate, entire, three times as long as the
sepals. Stamens 22 to 27: filaments shorter than the petals. Style
filiform, nearly as long as the petals: stigmas closely combined into
ahead. This species belongs to the section Phemeranthus. It is near
T. teretifolium and T. calycinum, but differs from both in the very thick
caudex, crowded and much shorter leaves, the spine-like persistent
midribs, and the capitate stigma.

5 LEWISIA, Pursh.

1. LEWISIA REDIVIVA, Pursh.

Has. On the Columbia River and its tributaries —A very remark-
able plant, both for its botanical structure, which is anomalous in the
order, for the tenacity of life in the root, from which the specific
name was derived, and for its large use for food by the aborigines.

Orv. 15. LINACE &.

1 LINUM, Linn.

1. Linum PERENNE, Linn.

Has. On the Columbia River and its southern tributaries; the
abundant and only flax of that region.

Orv. 16. GERANIACE &.

l GHERANIUM, Linn.

1. GERANIUM ERIANTHUM, DC.

Has.—Upper Columbia, Washington Territory; common in moist
places.—This is very near G. maculatum of the Atlantic States, but
the pubescence is more copious and somewhat glandular; also the
base of the petals and stamens much more hairy. G- eriostemon, Fisch.
(of which we have authentic specimens), which Hooker & Arnott (in
Bot. Beechey) were inclined to unite with G. ertanthum, is still
nearer G. maculatwm, the chief difference being the less divided
leaves.

252 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM, Linn.

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory; not rare.

2 ERODIUM, L’Her.

1. Eroprum cicutarium, L’ Her.

Has. Interior of Oregon and California; common, and apparently
indigenous.

Orv. IT. OX ALIDACE &.

1 OXALIS, Linn.

1. OxaLis OrREGANA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Puget Sound.—There is but a solitary specimen of this plant
in the collection, and the flower is unexpanded. It is certainly very
like O. acetosella, but seems pretty constantly to differ in the charac-
ters assigned to it by Mr. Nuttall. The flowers are bright rose-color
externally, and paler inside. Bracteoles of the peduncles connate at
the base.

2. OXALIS stRIcTA, Linn.

Has. Bay of San Francisco and other parts of California.—Diffused
under many forms and names over a large part of the world.

Orv 18. LIMNANTHACE &.

lL FLQ@RKEA, Willd.

1. FL@RKEA PROSERPINACOIDES, Willd.

Has. Near springs, east of the Cascade Mountains, Washington
Territory.—The most western station of this plant hitherto recorded,
is Franklin, on the Missouri. I can find no characters in which this
western plant differs from the ordinary form, except in being con-
siderably smaller. The fruit, however, is very young, so that we can-
not compare it with that of the eastern plant.

Orv, 19. MALVACE &.

1 SIDALCEA, Gray.

1. SIDALCEA MALVFLORA, Gray.

Sidalcea malveflora, Gray Pl. Wright, 1, p. 16; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 72.

S. Neo-Mexicana & S. Oregana, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 23.

Sida malveeflora, Moc. & Sesse, Fl. Ic. Mex. ined.; DC. Prodr. 1, p. 194; Lindl.
Bot. Reg. t. 1086; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 326.

S. Oregana, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 234.

S. delphinifolia, Nutt. 1. ¢.

Nuttallia malveflora, Fisch. & Trautty. Ind. Sem. St. Petersb., 1838.

Has. Gray's Harbor, and on the Upper Columbia, Washington

64

254 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Territory. Stem 2 to 4 feet high. Flowers at first in short crowded
racemes, which are finally elongated and interrupted, bright purple
and rather showy. Petals somewhat emarginate and erosely denticu-
late at the summit. Calyx nearly smooth without. Capsule nearly
glabrous. Carpels slightly mucronate. S&. Oregana differs only in
its smaller flowers, shorter and broader calyx-lobes, and strongly
emarginate petals; and there are intermediate forms.

2 MALVASTRUM, Gray.

1. Matvastrum Munroanum, Gray.

Malvastrum Munroanum, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 21.

Malva Munroana, Doug. in Bot. Reg. t. 1806, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 106;
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 226.

M. fascicwlata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. ¢.

Nuttalia Munroana, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 7, p, 16.

Has. Upper Columbia, and valley of the Kooskooskee.— Whole
plant pulverulent and grayish pubescent. Stems branching, 1 to 3
feet high. Leaves cordate-orbicular, or sometimes broadly ovate,
somewhat 3-lobed, or incised; the lower ones 2 to 3 inches long, the
upper scarcely more than an inch. Flowers somewhat fasciculate or
paniculate towards the summit of the branches. Calyx densely
pubescent, with 2 or 3 slender deciduous bracteoles at the base; the
lobes broadly ovate and rather acute. Corolla about three-fourths of
an inch in diameter, apparently bright rose-color: petals obovate,
slightly emarginate. Styles 8 to 10, smooth: stigmas capitate.
Carpels 8 to 10, in a small depressed globose head, densely stellate-
pubescent, dehiscent on the back from the summit to near the base.
Seed solitary. Radicle inferior.

MALVACES. 255

3 SPH AMRALCEA, A. St. Mil,

1. SPHARALCEA RIVULARIS.

Malva rivularis, Doug]. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 107; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1,
p. 226.

Spheralcea acerifolia, Torr. & Gray, |. ¢. p. 226.

Malva (Spheroma) acerifolia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, l. ¢.

Has. Between Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains.—Stem
apparently tall, robust, flexuous, much branched. Peduncles agegre-
gated two or three together toward the summit of the branches, and
forming a somewhat paniculate inflorescence. Bracteoles 3, linear-
lanceolate. Corolla about an inch in diameter, apparently deep rose-
color: petals obovate, a little oblique. Stamens in many series, the
naked portion of the column short. Styles about 14, glabrous:
stigmas capitellate. Carpels hispid with stiff hairs, 3-seeded. Seeds
rough, with short hairs.

2. SPHARALCEA LONGISEPALA, Sp. Nov.

S. caule pilis patentibus hirsuto; foliis 5—-T-lobis basi truncatis, lobis
acutis serratis ; floribus solitartis longe pedicellatis in racemos foliosos
dispositis, inferioribus distantibus; laciniis calycis lanceolatis longe
acuminatis corolle subcequalibus.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—Plant 4 to 6 feet
high, with rather soft spreading hairs. Leaves 3 to 4 inches in length
and breadth, thin, sparsely hirsute with simple hairs on both sides,
lobed nearly to the middle; the lobes acutely triangular and coarsely
serrate: petiole about half the length of the lamina. Flowers
nearly two inches in diameter, in long leafy terminal racemes; the
lower peduncles 2 or 3 inches long. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the lobes
narrowly lanceolate and tapering to a long point, sparingly hispid-
pilose. Bracteoles 3, linear nearly half the length of the calyx.
Corolla apparently rose-color; the petals obovate and entire. Sta-

256 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

mens in several series; the column one third shorter than the petals
Carpels about 11: styles united below, distinct above, glabrous and
capitellate. Ovaries with 3 ovules. This species seems to have been
entirely overlooked thus far. We have it in no other collections
than those of the United States Exploring Expedition.

4, SIDA, Linn.

1. SmA HEDERACEA, Torr. in Pl. Fendl.

Has. Plains of the Sacramento River, and around the Bay of San
Francisco, California ; common.

» HIBISCUS, Linn.

1. Hrstscus Moscuevutos, Linn.

Var. OCCIDENTALIS: foltis cordatis obtuse serratis subtus cano-tomentosis
supra pallide viridibus pilis simplicibus pubescentibus; involucello
calyce longiore.

Has. Marshes on the Lower Sacramento, California; not else-
where.—The eastern plant differs in the pubescence of under side of
the leaves being much whiter, shorter, and more velvety, and that of
the upper side only of sparse, extremely minute stellate hairs; the
base of the leaves, too, is obtuse, but rarely cordate; and the invo-
lucre is no longer than the calyx. It seems to be distinct from both
Hf, incanus and H. grandiflorus. We believe this species has not
been noticed before as occurring west of the Rocky Mountains.

Orv 20. ANACARDIACE &.

1RHUS, Linn.

1. Ruus ToxtcopEnpron, Linn.

Has. In the Valley of the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory
(the upright variety, with the leaves entire or only slightly toothed) :
also in California (the climbing form, with toothed leaves).

2. Ruus GuaBrRa, Linn.

Var. OCCIDENTALIS: foliolis 9-11 lanceolato-oblongis argute serratis ;
calyce petalis sub-dimidio breviore; antheris lineari-oblongis.

Has. Banks of rivers, near Fort Okanagan and Fort Vancouver ;
also on the Kooskooskee, Washington Territory.—This plant differs
from R. glabra of the Atlantic States, in the less numerous and
scarcely glaucous leaflets, in the small pedunculate panicle, and in
the flower. The calyx in R&. glabra is nearly as long as the corolla;
the anthers are ovate, and not more than half as large as in the
Oregon plant. These differences, however, may not be constant, and
they can hardly be regarded as specific—Dr. Gray (Plant. Fendl. p.
28) thinks it probable that, as the species of Rhus are all more or
less polygamous, the difference between this plant and the ordinary
form of &. glabra may be owing to sex.

3. Raus tRivopata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.
Has. Mountain sides, Northern California.—This species takes the

place of the nearly related R. aromatica in the Pacific States and
65

258 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Territories, as well as in New Mexico, Western Texas, and Utah.
The leaves and twigs are velvety pubescent, much more commonly
than smooth, as the species was described by Nuttall.

Orv 24 SAPINDACE &.

1. ACER, Tourn.

1, ACER MACROPHYLLUM, Pursh.

Has. In forests and on banks of rivers, from Puget Sound south-
ward to San Rafael, California.—It attains its greatest altitude in
Washington Territory, where it is sometimes more than 80 feet
high, and, in some places, is almost the only deciduous tree. In
Califorifia it grows only about 30 feet high, with a trunk at most two
feet in diameter.

2. ACER CIRCINNATUM, Pursh.

Has. Puget Sound, in wet ground.—Dr. Pickering found it occa-
sionally 30 or 40 feet high, but more commonly it grows in the
manner described. by Douglas and Nuttall; the low trunk throwing
off from the base slender branches, which take root and form dense
thickets, and greatly obstruct the traveller. The popular name of
this species is Vine Maple, from its prostrate habit, and long slender
branches. The sepals are hairy externally, and of a dull purple color.
Petals orbicular or broadly ovate, half as long as the sepals. Disk
2-lobed. Ovary clothed with long hairs.

SAPINDACES. 259

3. ACER GLABRUM, Torr.

Acer glabrum, Torr. in Ann. Lye. New York, 2, p. 172; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p.
247; Nutt. Sylv. 2, p. 86.

A. barbatum, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor-Amer. 1, p. 113, excl. syn.
A. Douglasii, Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 77, t. 6.

Has. Between the Upper Columbia and the Cascade Mountains.—
A shrub 6 to 12 feet high (10 to 20 feet, according to Geyer), forming
patches. Leaves 3-5-lobed, pale and glaucous underneath. Flowers
not seen. Fruit in a loose, erect, compound umbel. Pedicels elon-
gated. Wings of the samara mostly approximated or even overlap-
ping. .

On the sides of the Cascade Mountains, Dr. Pickering found a

Maple in fruit, which seems to be almost intermediate between A.
glabrum and A. circinnatum.

2 NEGUNDO, Mench.
1. NEGuNpDo AcERorpES, Meench.

Negundo aceroides, Mcench. Method. p. 334; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, p. 250.
N. fraxinifolium, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 253; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 114.

N. Californicum, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. & Suppl. p. 684; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech.
p. 327, t. 77; Nutt. Sylv. 2, p. 90, t. 72.

Has. Banks of the Sacramento, and near San Francisco.—A tree
40 feet high, with a trunk two and a half feet in diameter. The
leaves are often trifoliolate. The leaflets are usually more pubescent,
rather broader, and more incised than in the eastern plant, but in the
flowers and fruit there is no difference. NV. Mexicanum, DC. should
also probably be united to this species.

260 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

3. ASCULUS, Linn.

1. AiéscuLus Cauirornica, Nutt.

Has. Fertile places along the Sacramento, and near San Fran-
cisco.—Although this is commonly a shrub, only 5 to 10 feet high,
Dr. Pickering found individuals of it 25 feet high, with a trunk a
foot in diameter. It produces large straggling branches from near
the base. On vigorous shoots the leaflets are six to eight inches long
and nearly four inches wide.

Orn. 22. CELASTRACE &.

1 PACHYSTIMA, Raf. (Oreoputna, Nutt.)

1. PacuystimaA Myrsinrtss, Raf.

Has, On the Cascade Mountains, and other parts of Washington
and Oregon Territories.—Leaves variable in size and form, as well
as in the size of the serratures. It is remarkable that all the speci-
mens of this plant that we have received in numerous collections, are
in flower only. No botanist except Nuttall appears to have examined
the fruit.

Orn, 232. RHAMNACE &.

l FRANGULA, Tourn., A. Gray.

1. FRANGULA CALIFORNICA, Gray.

Frangula Californica, Gray, Gen. Il. Gen. Am. Bor. 2, p. 178; Torr. Bot. Mex.
Bound. Surv. p. 46.

Rhamnus Californicus, Eschsch. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10, p. 281; Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1, p. 263.

fi. olecefolius, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 123, t. 44; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
p. 186; Torr. & Gray, l. ¢.

R. laurifolius, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

RF. tomentellus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 303.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, and near San Francisco.—A
spreading shrub, commonly 3 to 8 feet high, but sometimes attaining
the height of 18 feet. The leaves are rather thin when young, but
finally they become coriaceous, and commonly about two inches long.
They vary from ovate-oblong to elliptical, and are either entire or ser-
rulate. The under surface is more or less distinctly dotted with
minute brownish glands or scales, and there are from 12 to 15 pairs
of strong veins. In dried specimens the margin is often revolute.
The flowers are in small naked or leafy axillary panicles, most of
which fail to produce fruit, so that the drupes are either solitary, or
two or three together. The limb of the calyx is deciduous, and is
usually 5-cleft, but sometimes only 4-cleft; the segments rather acute,
and erect. Petals very small, broadly ovate and emarginate, partly
embracing the stamens. Style short, 3-cleft. Drupe nearly one-third
of an inch in diameter, blackish-purple; the pulp thin: pyrene two,
plano-convex.

66

262 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. FRANGULA PURSHIANA.

Rhamnus Purshianus, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 25; Hook. Fl. Bor-Amer. 1, p- 123, t. 48;
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 262; Nutt. Sylv. 2, p. 52.
| A. alnifolius, Pursh, FI. 1, p. 166, non L’ Her.

Has. Woods and declivities of mountains, around Puget Sound,
and in the interior of Oregon and Washington Territories; also on
the upper tributaries of the Sacramento.—This species, in favorable
situations, becomes a tree twenty feet high. It is much more nearly
related to F Caroliniana than to F. Californica, and it is clearly a
Frangula, although it is not enumerated among the species of that
genus by Dr. Gray.

2 RHAMNUS, Tourn.
1. RuAmnus croceus, Nutt. in Torr & Gray.

Has. On the Upper Sacramento, California—A pretty evergreen
shrub, about 5 feet high. Leaves half an inch to 2 inches long, often
strongly and sharply toothed, usually of a light yellowish-brown
underneath, but sometimes (at least in dried specimens) of a copper
color. The berries are yellow [or bright red] when ripe. Pyrene
splitting by the ventral suture. A genuine Rhamnus.

3 CEANOTHUS, Linn.

1. CEANOTHUS PROSTRATUS, Benth.
Ceanothus prostratus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 302; Torr. Bot. Whippl. p. 75.

Haz. Mountains of the Upper Sacramento, California.—A trailing
evergreen shrub. Leaves variable in size, form, and in the number
as well as the length of the spiny teeth. The fruit has three erect
horn-like processes at the summit.

RHAMNACESA. 263

2. CEANOTHUS CUNEATUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Mountains of Northern California; very common.

3. CEANOTHUS OrEGoNUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Puget Sound, and on the Columbia River; also on the
Umpqua Mountains in Southern Oregon.—This is an ornamental
shrub, sometimes 8 to 10 feet high, with long panicles of white
flowers.

4, CEANOTHUS THYRSIFLORUS, Esch,

Has. Hillsides, San Francisco, and other parts of California, com-
monly not far from the sea. This very handsome species, although
usually forming copses, sometimes becomes almost a tree twenty feet
or more in height, with a trunk twelve inches in diameter. The
branches are reddish-brown, and angular from elevated longitudinal
lines or ridges. All the specimens are in fruit, which is the size of
a pepper-corn, and without protuberances. This is the California
Lalae.

Var.? MACROTHYRSUS: foliis ovatis acutis integerriinus supra glabrius-
culis subtus canescenti-tomentosis; paniculis elongatis interruptis sub-
* foliaceis. °

Has. Banks of the Umpqua, Oregon.—A shrub, 6 to 8 feet high;
the branches terete, often dotted with minute brown resinous papilla.
Leaves 1 to 2% inches long, moderately acute, grayish-tomentose
underneath, the veins prominent and somewhat silky-villous; petioles
3 to 5 lines long. Flowers beautiful blue, in compound umbellate
fascicles, which are aggregated in a paniculate manner at the
extremity of the branches, the lowest fascicles arising from the axils
of the uppermost leaves and somewhat distant from the others. This
variety has leaves greatly resembling those of C. Americanus, except
that they are quite entire, while in the inflorescence it approaches
C. thyrsiflorus. The specimens were without fruit.

264 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

5. CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS, Dougi.

Ceanothus velutinus, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 125, t.45; Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1, p. 265.
C. levigatus, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1. c.

Has. Borders of prairies and banks of rivers; Puget Sound, and
interior of Washington Territory; also on the Willamette River,
Oregon.—Plant 4 to 8 feet high. The leaves are almost sempervirent;
when old they nearly lose the copious tomentum of the under surface,
so as to be nearly glabrous. Sometimes, indeed, the younger leaves
are smooth underneath. The glabrous state of the plant is C. levigatus,
Hook., and C. velutinus var. levigatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 686.

6. CeANnotHuS Hrrsutus, Nutt.

Ceanothus hirsutus, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 266.

C. oliganthus, Nutt. 1. c.; Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

C. sorediatus, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 329; Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.
C. Lobbianus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4811.

C. dwersifolius, Kellogg in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci. t. 58.

Has. Upper tributaries of the Sacramento, California—A shrub
with gray, villous,,divaricate branches, usually about two feet high.
Leaves elliptical, or sometimes obovate, about three-fourths of an inch
long, coriaceous, minutely pubescent above, villous and canescent
underneath, glandularly denticulate with salient teeth. Panicles
terminating small and short leafy branches. Flowers bright blue.
Fruit as large as in C. Americanus, with a small tubercle at the
summit of each angle. We unite the four species enumerated above,
as they seem to pass insensibly into each other.

7. CEANOTHUS INcCANUS, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Mountains of the Upper Sacramento, California.—In our
specimens the branches are more slender and the leaves narrower than
in Douglas’s plant, as well as more sparingly toothed, but there is no
essential difference.

Orv. 24. VITACE A.

l VITIS, Zourn.

1. Vitis Cattrornica, Benth.

Vitis Californica, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 10, & Pl. Hartw. p- 302.
V. Caribea, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 327; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, p. 683.

Has. Banks of the Sacramento, Northern California.—Plant pros-
trate, or more commonly climbing trees. Young twigs slightly pubes-
cent. Leaves broadly cordate, somewhat 3—lobed, coarsely toothed,
smoothish above when mature, grayish pubescent underneath. Panicle
ovate, loosely flowered. Berries about one-third of an inch in
diameter (resembling those of V. cordifolia or Chicken Grape), purple,
and covered with a bloom. They are pleasant to the taste, but rather
tart, and are sometimes used by the Mexicans for making wine.

Orv. 2. POLYGALACE &.

1 POLYGALA, Tourn.

1. Potyeata Nurkana, Mogino & Sessé.

Polygala Nutkana, Mogino & Sessé, ex DC. Prodr. 1, p. 331; Torr. Bot. Mex.
Bound. p. 49, t. 12.

P. Cahfornica, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 671.

P. cucullata, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 299.

P. cornuta, Kellogg, in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, p. 62.

Has. Banks of the Sacramento, California.—The prostrate portion
of the stem is ligneous, as is also the base of the ascending branches.
There are both radical and terminal racemes, as in P. polygama; the
former partly subterranean, and the flowers apetalous. This is the

only known species of Polygala in the Pacific States.
67

Orv. 26. LEGUMINOS &.

1. VICIA, Tourn.

1. Vicia GIGANTEA, Hook.

Has. Woods, Puget Sound and southward; not found in the
interior of the country.

2. VictA AMERICANA, Muhl.

Vicia Americana, Muhl. in Willd. Sp. 3, p. 1096; DC. Prodr. 2, p. 355; Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 157, & Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 206; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1,
p- 269.

V. Oregona & V. truncata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 270. .

Has. Woods and along rivers; common in Washington Territory
and Oregon.—An extremely variable plant, as to the form, texture,
and apex of the leaves, as well as in the teeth of the calyx. We find
it impossible to define the limits between the species here brought
together. We are thus able to confirm the opinion expressed by Sir
William Hooker in his account of Geyer’s plants.

2 LATHYRUS, Linn.

1. Latayrus MARITIMUS, Bigel.

Has. Sea-coast of Washington Territory and Oregon; common.

LEGUMINOS4Z. 267

2. LATHYRUS OCHROLEUCUS, Hook.

Haz. On the Spokane River, Washington Territory—We are not
confident that this is Z. ochroleucus, but are unable to refer it to any
other species. The color of the flowers cannot be determined from
the dried specimens. No allusion is made to their being ochroleucous
in the notes of Dr. Pickering.

3. LATHYRUS PALUSTRIS, Linn.

Has, Throughout Washington Territory, Oregon, and valley of the
Sacramento, California.—Extremely variable in the number and
form of the leaflets, shape of the stipules, and relative length of the
calyx-segments and tube. We have scarcely a doubt as to L. myrti-
folius being only an extreme form of this species, to which it has
already been referred by Dr. Gray. It was stated long ago, in the
Flora of North America, that some of its varieties could not be
certainly distinguished from L. palustris.

4, Latuyrus Torrey, Gray.

Lathyrus Torreyi, Gray, in Proceed. Amer. Acad. 7, p. 337, 1867.

L. ? villosus, Torr. in Suckley’s Report, Pacif. R. R. Expl. 12, part 2, p. 54, sine
char.

Orobus villosus, Torr. in MSS.

Has. Banks of the Kooskooskee River, Washington Territory.—
Villous, erect or assurgent; leaflets 5-7 pairs, and with petiole ending
in a short seta or minute leaflet; stipules oblong-lanceolate and semi-
sagittate, entire; peduncle axillary, one-flowered, shorter than the
leaf. Root perennial. Stem 8-12 inches high, slender, somewhat
branching. Leaflets 5—-8-lines long, rather acute, membranaceous, the
petiole terminating in a short bristle, or in a small leaflet resembling
the others in form. Stipules scarcely one-third the size of the leaflets,
acute. Peduncles filiform, erect, one-third to one-half the length of
the leaves, minutely bracteolate a little below the flower. Flowers

268 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

about half as large as in Lathyrus palustris. Segments of the calyx
linear-lanceolate, acute, the 3 inferior rather longer than the tube,
the 2 superior shorter. Corolla purple? This is certainly a congener
of Orobus littoralis, notwithstanding the one-flowered peduncles, a
character which occurs in no other species except O. saxatilis and a
variety of O. vicieformis. [The name under which this plant was
first described is substituted, and there is, moreover, a published L.
villosus. The following species, of very different habit, is left under
Orobus, although later authorities merge the genus in Lathyrus.]

3 OROBUS, Tourn.

1. OROBUS LITTORALIS, Gray.

Orobus littoralis, Gray, in Pacif. R. R. Expl. 12, part 2, p. 04, t.6; Torr. Bot.
Mex. Bound. p. 77.
Astrophia littoralis, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 278.

Has. On the sea-coast, near Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.—
Plant apparently two feet or more in-height, rather stout, much
branched. Leaflets, mostly 4, varying from linear-spatulate to
obovate-oblong. Stipules ovate, semisagittate. Racemes 5—8-flowered,
much longer than the leaves; the flowers about as large as those of
Lathyrus maritimus. Banner bright purple, obovate-cordate, one-third
longer than the paler wings and keel. Stamens diadelphous, 9 and 1:
anthers oblong. Style slender, narrowly linear, pubescent and slightly
grooved on the inner side. Endlicher places Astrophia in Lathyrus,
but we think it much nearer Orobus.

4,.GLYCYRRHIZA, Tourn.

1. GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIDoTA, Nutt.

Has. On the Kooskooskee and Columbia Rivers; also in fertile
places along the Sacramento; sometimes forming large patches.—The
stem is 2 to 3 feet high. This species extends eastward to the Mis-
sissippi. We find no constant differences between the original G.
lepidota and the later G. glutinosa of Nuttall.

LEGUMINOSS. 269

5. PSORALEA, Linn.

1. PSORALEA LANCEOLATA, Pursh.

Has. On the Upper Columbia and its tributaries—Stem 12 to 18
inches high, somewhat ligneous toward the base. Leaflets varying
from linear-lanceolate and acute to oblong-cuneate and obtuse.

2. PSORALEA PHYSODES, Doug/.

Has. Base of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory —
Leaves all trifoliolate; the leaflets slightly hairy on both sides.
Stipules very small, mostly reflexed.

3. PSORALEA MACROSTACHYA, DC.

Var. RHOMBIFOLIA: minute pubescens ; foliis ovato-rhomboideis ; sprcis
ovatis vel oblongis.

Haz. On the Upper Sacramento, California—Mr. Brackenridge,
who collected this plant, found specimens ten feet high; but it is
commonly from 3 to 6 feet. It differs from the typical form of the
species in the slight pubescence, the want of scabrous dots on the
stem and peduncles, and in the short spike.

4, PSORALEA ORBICULARIS, Lindl.

P. caule repente ; petiolis pedunculisque longissimis erectis ; foliis pinna-
tim trifoliolatis ; foliolis orbiculari-obovatis junioribus pubescentibus
demum glabratis; spicis densis oblongis vel cylindraceis rachide
villosissimo ; calyce profunde 5-fido, lacinia inferiore lanceolata corolle
subequilonga, ceteris subulatis.

P. orbicularis, Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1971; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p- 804; Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, p. 333.

Haz. Near San Francisco, California; commonly on the borders of

marshy places.—Stem minutely pubescent. Petioles 8 to 20 inches
68

270 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

long, more or less pubescent, and slightly sprinkled with little glands.
Leaflets 12 to 22 inches long, and 1 to 2 inches wide, obtuse, pubes-
cent or almost villous when young, but nearly glabrous in the mature
plant, thickly dotted with dark-colored glands. Stipules broadly
ovate, small. Scapes or peduncles 1 or 2 feet long, naked, terete. Spike
2 to 5 inches long, and an inch or more in diameter, very villous with
soft hairs. Calyx villous, sometimes blackish, but more commonly
canescent, the hairs mixed with pedicellate glands; the two upper
teeth more united than the lateral ones, all of them very acute.
Corolla purple, rather longer than the calyx. Vexillum oblong, one-
fourth longer than the narrow wings and keel. Stamens diadelphous
(9 and 1); the filaments (except the upper one) united nearly to the
summit. Ovary villous: style filiform, hairy below, dilated and
somewhat clavate upward: stigma capitellate and hairy. Legume
ovate, acute, much compressed. Seed oblong, dark-brown. <A re-
markable species, differing from all others of the genus in its extremely
long peduncles and petioles; but a genuine Psoralea.

6 PETALOSTEMON, Michz.

1, PETALOSTEMON MACROSTACHYUM, Torr.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Washington Territory.—In the
western plant the leaves do not acquire in drying the bright ver-
digris green on the upper surface, which is so striking a character
in Dr. James’s specimens from the Forks of the Platte. The stems
are 2 to 3 feet high and somewhat clustered. Petals oblong, unguicu-
late. Teeth of the calyx as long as the tube. This is the only
species of Petalostemon found west of the Rocky Mountains.

7 TRIFOLIUM, Linn.

1. Trirotium Autissiuum, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. On the Columbia, Spokane, and Kooskooskee Rivers; abun-
dant in some places: flowering in May.—A tall, showy species, with
large oblong heads of purplish-red flowers.

LEGUMINOS4S. 271

2. Trirotium pLuMosuM, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. High plains in the Flat Head country, Rev. Mr. Spalding.—
A tall and stout species, with large heads of white flowers. It seems
to be confined in its range, having never been received by us in any
other collection.

3. Trirotium LonerpPes, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Prairies in the interior of Oregon and Washington Terri-
tory.—Plant 8 to 12 inches high. Leaflets varying from elliptical to
linear-lanceolate, an inch or more in length, in the dried specimens
strongly veined. Teeth of the calyx filiform-subulate, the three
lower twice as long as the tube. Corolla whitish or ochroleucous.

4, TRIFOLIUM MEGACEPHALUM, Nutt.

Has. High and dry prairies of the Upper Columbia.—The speci-
mens differ from the original Lupinaster megacephalus of Pursh in the
nearly smooth stem and leaves. ‘The legume, moreover, is sessile,
and contains only one or two seeds.

5. TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM, Pursh.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory: common from the Pacific
to the Kooskooskee.—Stems slender, branching, erect or decumbent,
from three inches to a foot or more in length.

6. TRIFOLIUM TRIDENTATUM, Lindl.

Has. Puget Sound, and Valley of the Sacramento, California.—
This is the 7! wnvolucratum of Torrey and Gray’s Flora, but not of
Willdenow, which is a Mexican plant. |

272 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

7. TRIFOLIUM SPINULOSUM, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory; also
near San Francisco, California.

8. TRIFOLIUM PAUCIFLORUM, Nutt.

Has. Walla-Walla River, Oregon.—A smooth, slender species,
which we have seen elsewhere only in the collections of Douglas and
Nuttall. The heads are smaller than in 7. microcephalum. Petals
combined with the stamineal column.

9. TRIFOLIUM CYATHIFERUM, Lind.

Has. Damp ground on the Kooskooskee River, Rev. Mr. Spald-
ing.—This rare species, so beautifully illustrated in Hooker’s Flora,
is seldom met with in collections.

8 MELILOTUS, Tourn.

1, MELILOTUS PARVIFLORA, Desf.

Has. California, in various parts: Although distinguished by Nut-
tall, under the name of Mf occidentalis, this is only the European M.
parviflora naturalized.

9 HOSACKIA, Benth.

1. Hosackta Bicotor, Doug.

Has. Puget Sound, and upper tributaries of the Columbia: abun-
dant in moist grounds.—Stems assurgent. Corolla yellow and white,
ornamental wings larger than the somewhat rostrate keel.

LEGUMINOSA. 273

2. HosackIA GRACILIS, Benth.

Has. Umpqua Mountains, in the southern part of Oregon and
Northern California.

3. HOSACKIA SUBPINNATA, Zor7. & Gray.

Has. On the Walla-Walla and Upper Columbia, Washington Ter-
ritory.—Includes H. Wrangeliana, Torr. & Gray, the Lotus Wrange-
lianus of Fischer and Meyer. Plant 8 to 18 inches high, more or
less branched, strigosely pubescent. Leaflets mostly 4, 6 to 8 lines
long, slightly glaucous, or sometimes canescently hirsute. Flowers
solitary, nearly sessile, very small, almost concealed among the leaves,
purple and white. Bracts unifoliate or wanting. Lobes of the calyx
twice as long as the tube. Legume about half an inch long, nearly
obtuse, tipped with the short recurved base of the style; about
3-seeded.,

4. HoSACKIA PARVIFLORA, Benth.

Has. Prairies near Nisqually, Puget Sound, and interior of Wash-
ington Territory.—Plant about a span high. Bracts 1~3-foliate.

5. HosackiA Pursuiana, Benth.

Hosackia Purshiana, Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1257; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
p. 187; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 827; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 79.

HI, floribunda, elata, pilosa, & mollis, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. ¢.

Lotus sericeus, Pursh. Fl. 2, p. 489

Trigonella Americana, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 120.

Has. Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory; also in
Oregon and Northern California—After a comparison of numerous
specimens no doubt remains that all the species of Hosackia belonging
to the section Psycopsis must be reduced to one, the various forms

69

274 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

of which cannot be characterized even as varieties. The bracts are
sometimes reduced to a single leaflet, or, more rarely, are wanting.
In specimens from Walla-Walla the lower leaves are 4—5-foliolate.

6. HosAcKIA DECUMBENS, Benth.

Has. Puget Sound and interior of Washington Territory; rather
common.

7. HosackiA TOMENTOSA, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California.—The specimens are without
flowers; but there can be little doubt of the species.

8. HoSACKIA MICRANTHA, Jorr. & Gray.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—Leaflets 3 to 5, only 2 to 4
lines long. Umbels all on very short peduncles, 3-7-flowered; the
flowers less than one-third of an inch long. Teeth of the calyx
subulate, about as long as the tube, and a little shorter than the
corolla. Legumes hairy, about 2-seeded. Seeds oblong-cylindrical,
nearly black.

9, HOSACKIA GLABRA.

Syrmatium glabrum, Vogel in Linnea, 10, p. 591.
Hosackia scoparia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 325.

Has. Near San Francisco, California: common in sandy soils.—
This plant has the habit of Genista. The stem throws off weak
straggling branches, which bear a profusion of yellow flowers.
Legumes pubescent with appressed hairs, 2-seeded.

10. HosackIA JUNCEA, Benth.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California. This agrees with speci-
mens received from Mr. Nuttall, except in the smaller and somewhat
narrower leaves.

LEGUMINOSA. 275

102. ASTRAGALUS, Lina.

1, ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Near Fort Okanagan on the Upper Columbia.—Plant diffuse,
the branches 8 to 12 inches long. Leaflets 6 to 8 pairs, broadly obo-
vate, one-third of an inch in length. Spike densely capitate, about
three-fourths of an inch long and half an inch indiameter. Flowers
22 inches long. Calyx villous with grayish hairs; the lanceolate-
subulate teeth nearly as long as the subcampanulate tube. Corolla
apparently ochroleucous. Vexillum narrowly oblong, somewhat
emarginate, a little exceeding the wings. Pods three-fourths of an
inch long, coriaceous, globose-ovate, with a strongly incurved acumi-
nate point, strigosely pubescent, completely 2-celled, few-seeded.

2. ASTRAGALUS CHATODON, Sp. Noy.

A. procumbens vel assurgens, incano-hirsutus ; foliolis 8-17-jugis elliptico-
’ paaue Ee

lanceolatis obtusiusculis acutisve; pedunculis folio multo longioribus ;

3 3

spicis oblongis densifloris ( fructiferis nunc compactis nunc modice elon-

gandis laxiusculis) ; calycibus villosissimis, dentibus subulato-setaceis

tubo longioribus; lequmine calycem via superante estipitato ovato acuto
compresso bilocellato lana decidua vestito, locellis 1—2-spermis.

, Has, Upper Columbia and its tributaries, especially on the Koos-
kooskee.—Root thick and woody, perennial. Stems numerous, pros-
trate or assurgent, somewhat branching, about a foot long, clothed
as well as the leaves, with a dense grayish-white pubescence. Leaflets
about half an inch long, mostly elliptical-lanceolate and acute, but
sometimes broader and rather obtuse. Stipules subulate, distinct, and
free from the petiole. Spikes on slender peduncles. Corolla ochro-
leucous, about one-third of an inch long. Legume scarcely exceeding
the calyx-teeth, 3 or 4 lines long, tumid, finely veined transversely ;
clothed with a white tomentum, which is more or less deciduous,
The extreme forms of this species might be taken for distinct species.

276 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

but there are specimens in a collection made on the Kooskooskee by
Rev. Mr. Spalding, which evidently connect them. [Published in
1863 in Gray’s. Revision of Astragalus, Proceed. Amer. Acad. 6, p. 194. ]

3. ASTRAGALUS ADSURGENS, Pull.

Has. On the Kooskooskee and Spokane Rivers, Washington Ter-
ritory—Plant about two feet high, growing in tufts: considerably
taller than Douglasian specimens received from Sir William Hooker.

4, ASTRAGALUS SUCCUMBENS, Dougl. in Hool:.

Haz. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon.—Whole plant grayish-
hirsute. Stem about a foot long, somewhat rigid. Leaflets 5 to 7
pairs, 4 to 6 lines long. Spikes oval, not elongated in fruit, about an
inch and ahalf long. Pods linear-oblong, falcate, smooth and shining,
transversely striate, almost completely two-celled by the deep intro-
flexion of the dorsal suture.

5. ASTRAGALUS GLAREOSUS, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Prairies of the Walla-Walla and Kooskooskee Rivers.—
Wholly resembles specimens of A. glareosus of Douglas received from
Sir William Hooker, and certainly the same as A. arguphyllus of
Nuttall,

6. ASTRAGALUS ALPINUS, Linn.

Has. On the Spokane and Kooskooskee Rivers, Washington Ter-
_ ritory.

7. ASTRAGALUS SCLEROCARPUS, Gray.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon—The specimens are in
fruit. The leaflets are 4 to 8 lines long, and scarcely more than half

LEGUMINOSA. 277

a line wide, deciduous in old plants, leaving the long persistent curved
petioles. Pods coriaceous, tumid, tapering at the base into a stipe
which is nearly an inch in length. [The above is the name adopted
in the Revision of Astragalus, above cited, for the Phaca podocarpa of
Hooker’s Flora. ]

8. AsTRAGALUS PursHu, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Dry prairies on the Upper Columbia, Washington Terri-
tory.—Pods about an inch long and half an inch broad, and so thickly
covered with yellowish-white hairs as to appear like little balls of
wool.

9. ASTRAGALUS Menzrssu, Gray, Rev. Astrag.

Has. Hills near the sea-coast, Bay of San Francisco, California.—
Stem about a foot long, Leaflets oblong and linear-oblong, mostly
emarginate, half an inch long. Lower stipules partly united. Flowers
erect. Calyx-teeth about one-third the length of the tube. Legume
nearly an inch and a half long and three-fourths of an inch wide,
slightly reticulated. [The above is the name adopted in the Revision
of Astragalus, above cited, 1863, for the Phaca densifolia of Smith,
and 2. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray, Fl.]

10. ASTRAGALUS LEUCOPHYLLUS, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, and lower part of the Sacramento,
California.—Stipules triangular-subulate from a broad base, Legumes
ovate, inflated, membranaceous, nearly two inches long, abrupt at the
base and supported on a slender stipe of nearly its own length. The
pubescence almost disappears from the leaves in the old plant.

11. ASTRAGALUS COLLINUS, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. On the Kooskooskee River; in fruit.—A rare species; for
the characters of which Gray’s revision of the genus may be re-

ferred to.
70

278 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

12. ASTRAGALUS FILIPES, Sp. Nov.

A, HomMALosus, appresse puberulus; caule gracili paniculato-ramoso ;
foliolis subremotis angustissime linearibus parvis (lin. 3-4 longis) ;
pedunculis gracillimis folio multo longioribus; racemoso sparsifloro ;
Hloribus in pedicello erectiusculo vel patente nutantibus ; calyce cam-
panulato haud gibboso albido-puberulo, dentibus subulatis; corolle
albe vexillo carinam paullo superante ; legumine fere glabro lineari-
oblongo complanato basi in stipitem calyce ter longiorem angustato.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, near Fort Okanagan.—
[This has also been collected by Burke, near Fort Hall, as appears
from specimens in the Hookerian herbarium, and recently by S. Wat-
son in Clarence King’s Exploration. The above-cited character, which
was founded on the specimens of the present Expedition, is taken from
Gray’s revision, above cited. ]

13. ASTRAGALUS MULTIFLORUS, Gray, Rev. Astrag.
Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries——The length of the stipe

is variable, and there are no stable characters to distinguish Nuttall’s
Homalobus dispar from his H. multiflorus.

14, ASTRAGALUS SEROTINUS, Gray.

Astragalus (Homalobus) serotinus, Gray, in Pacif. R. R. Expl. p. 47, t. 5, & Rev,
Astrag, l. c. p. 229.

Has. Between the mouth of the Spokane River and Fort Colville,
on the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.

LEGUMINOSAZ. 279

Th OXY ‘ER O-P-LS, De:

1. Oxytropis Lamperti, Pursh.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Oregon.—Our speci-
mens are in fruit; but they doubtless belong to the variable O. Lam-
berti, including O. sericea and Plattensis of Nuttall. The pods are
ovate-oblong, acuminate, somewhat turgid, compressed vertically,
half-2-celled from the introflexion of the ventral suture, and more or
less pubescent.

12, LUPINUS, Tourn.

1. Lupinus micrantuus, Dougl.

Has. Prairies near Nisqually, Puget Sound, and California.

2. Lupinus microcarpus, Sims.

Has. Walla-Walla River, Northern Oregon, and in California.

3. Lupinus Pusittus, Pursh.

Has. Walla-Walla River, Northern Oregon.

4, Lupinus minimus, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Willamette Valley, Oregon, to the northern border of Cali-
fornia.—Stems 6-10 inches high, assurgent, almost naked, the leaves
being’ mostly radical and on very long petioles. Spikes densely
flowered ; the flowers as large as in L. perennis. Bracts persistent, a
little longer than the calyx. Very near L. lepidus.

280 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

5. Lupinus Lepipus, Dougl.

Has. Washington Territory and Oregon, from the Pacific eastward
to the Upper Columbia.

6. LuUPINUS POLYPHYLLUS, Lindl.

Has. Washington Territory; on the Upper - Columbia.—Differs
from our typical specimens in the spikes being much shorter and the
leaves more hairy.

7. LuPINUS RIVULARIS, Dougl.
Has. From Nisqually to the Cascade Mountains; also, a form of
it on the Upper Columbia and its tributaries. [The latter is de-
scribed as having long dense spikes of shortly pedicelled flowers, and

was referred here with some doubt by Dr. Torrey. The specimens are
not found in his herbarium. |

8. LUPINUS ALBICAULIS, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. On Rogue River, Southern Oregon.

9. Lupinus LEUCOPHYLLUS, Lindl.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory ; common.

10. Lupinus ornatus, Dougl.

Has. Washington Territory, east of the Cascade Mountains. —
Differs from L. leucophyllus chiefly in the more branching ~habit,
usually looser spikes, and distinctly pedicellate flowers. It may not
be specifically distinct.

LEGUMINOSS. 281

11. Lupinus sEricevus, Pursh.

Has. Eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains—Our specimens
belong to a low subalpine form, and wholly resemble a Lupinus col-
lected in Western Utah, in Beckwith’s Expedition.

12. LUPINUS LITTORALIS, Dougl.

Has. Near Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.—The solitary
specimen is in fruit. The pods are 10-13-seeded.

13. LUPINUS ARBOREUS, Sims.
I. macrocarpus, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 329.

Has. Around the Bay of San Francisco; common in sandy soils.—
We have united the two shrubby yellow-flowered species of Cali-
fornia, as there is little to distinguish them except the degree of the
pubescence. Dr. Pickering, in his notes, states that the plant has a
spreading top, and often branches from the base. The stems are 3-6
feet long, and the woody trunk is sometimes 6 inches in diameter.

14, Lupinus ALpirrons, Benth.

Has. Klamath River, Northern California, and southward to San
Francisco.

282 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

138. THERMOPSIS, & Br.

1. THERMOPSIS FABACEA, DC.

Thermopsis fabacea, DC. Prodr. 2, p. 99; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 128; Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1, p. 388; Bot. Mag. t. 1272; Gray, in Mem. Amer. Acad. 6, p. 385.
T. montana, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. ¢.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 38.

Has. Hillsides, valley of the Kooskooskee, Washington Terri-
tory.—Plant 2 to 3 feet high, erect, moderately branching above.
Stipules ovate, an inch long. Leaflets 2 to 3 inches long, varying
from elliptical-oval to obovate, somewhat silky, pubescent when young,
smooth when in fruit. Flowers alternate and in pairs, bright yellow.
Calyx campanulate; the three upper teeth acute, half as long as the
tube, the two upper shorter and united more than half their length.
Legumes 2 to 3 inches long, and 24 lines wide, erect, 12—14-seeded.

2. THERMOPSIS MACYOPHYLLA, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—The specimens are without
flowers, and the leaves scarcely more than an inch long.

14. PICKERINGIA, Mutt.

1. PICKERINGIA MONTANA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Sides of Mount Palmas, near San Francisco; abundant.—A
rigid and much-branched evergreen spinescent shrub. The leaves
are sessile, and the leaflets vary from one-third to three-fourths of an
inch long. Flowers nearly sessile in the axils of the uppermost
leaves, and in short terminal racemes, about 8 lines long. Calyx
slightly 5-toothed. Carolla bright purple; the petals of nearly equal
length. Vexillum suborbicular, nearly surrounding and inclosing the

LEGUMINOSS. 283

other petals. Stamens distinct to the base: filaments alternately
longer: anthers oblong. Ovary 8-10-ovuled, hairy; the style short
and incurved: stigma very minute, naked. Although we have
received this plant in a number of Californian collections, and it is
not uncommon in that State, the fruit remains a desideratum. From
the character of the ovary the legume is probably linear and several
seeded.

Bentham is inclined to refer Pickeringia to Anagyris, and it is cer-
tainly nearly allied to that genus; but until the fruit of the former is
known, the two genera cannot be satisfactorily compared. Anagyris
differs in having a short vexillum, and in the presence of stipules.
No traces of stipules have been found in Pickeringia.

15. CERCIS, Linn.
1, CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS, Torr. (Tab. 3.)

Cereis occidentalis, Torr, in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2, p. 177; & Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 82.
C. siliquastrum, var. floribus paullo minoribus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 307.

Has. Mountains of Northern California.—This extends southward,
along the foot hills of the Sierra Nevada. It also occurs in Western
Texas, and in the high lands near Saltillo, Mexico. It retains its
distinctive character of the broad short pods in all this wide range ;
so that we are satisfied it cannot be a variety of C. siliquastrum.
With C. Canadensis it need never be confounded. Mr. Brackenridge
saw no specimens of it more than twelve feet high; but Col. Fremont,
in one instance, found it a good-sized tree.

PLATE 3. CERCIS OCCIDENTALIS: Branches showing the inflorescence
and foliage. Fig. 1. A flower. 2. The separated petals. 3. A
flower with the corolla removed. 4. The pistil. 5. Pods, of natural
size. 6. A seed. 7. Transverse section of the same. 8. Longitu-
dinal section. All the details more or less magnified.

Orv. 27. ROSACE &.

1 PRUNUS, Linn.

1. Prunus (CERASUS) MOLLIS, Dougl.

Has. Borders of Puget Sound; common in woods.—A small tree;
usually from 10 to 20 feet high; the fruit small, oval, and unpalatable.

2. Prunus (CERASUS) EMARGINATA, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Sides of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory.—
A shrub, 6 to 7 feet high, with slender branches, and leaves scarcely
an inch long. It is closely related to P. mollis.

3. Prunus (Papus) VirGiniana, Linn., var, DEMISSA.

Has. Puget Sound, and mountains in the interior of Washington
Territory.—This is the Cerasus demissa of Nuttall; but on comparing
numerous specimens of the western plant with P. Virginiana of the
Atlantic States, Iam unable to find reliable characters for distinguish-
ing them.

4. Prunus (Papus) serotina, Hhrh.

Has. Eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains, and on the Upper
Columbia River.

ROSACEA. 285

5. Prunus (LAUROCERASUS) ILICIFOLIA.

Cerasus ilicifolia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 411, & Syly. 2, p. 16, t. 17;
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 340, t. 83.

Has. Near San Francisco, and in other parts of Upper California.—
The mature fruit of this cherry is purple when ripe, orbicular, com-
pressed, and more than three-fourths of an inch in diameter, with a
thin, rather acid pulp, and a fragile shell.— Holly-leaved Cherry.

2 NUTTALLIA, Torr. & Gray.

1. NUTTALLIA CERASIFORMIS, Zorr & Gray.

Nuttallia cerasiformis, Torr. & Gray, in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 336, t. 82;
& Fl. 1, p. 418.

Has. Forests of Oregon, and in California as far south as Santa
Barbara.—A shrub, or small tree, seldom more than 15 feet high, with
few, slender, mostly upright branches. A remarkable character in
the seeds of this plant is that the cotyledons are convolute, not so
strongly as in Calycanthus, but very distinctly so; a character which
has been detected in no other Rosacea except Chamcmeles.

3. SPIR AA, Linn.

1. SPIRHA OPULIFOLIA, Linn.

Has. Banks of rivers, from Washington Territory to California ;
chiefly the varieties mollis and capitata.—The Pacific forms generally
differ from the eastern in having more acute and incised leaves, with
lower surface, pedicels, and calyx more or less pubescent. In the
seeds of this species there is a thin but evident albumen. [Upon this

72

286 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

account it is referred to the Himalayan genus Neillia by Bentham and
Hooker, Gen. Pl.] The same occurs in Gillenia, and still more mani-
festly in Dr. Gray’s recently published genus Neviusa.

2. SPIRHA BETULEZFOLIA, Pall,

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory; frequent in
stony lands.—A shrub, usually 2 to 4 feet high, with pale purple
flowers. Ovaries glabrous.

3. SPIRZA DovueLaAst, Hook.
Has. Fraser River, and south to California.—The tomentum of the

lower surface of the leaves often rusty-colored, at least in dried speci-
mens.

4. Sprrnaa Mewnzresi, Hook.
Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory; common near
streams.—This species is intermediate between . tomentosa and S.

salicifolia; resembling the former in its inflorescence, and the latter
in its foliage.

5. SPIRHA ARLEFOLIA, Smith.

Has. British Columbia and Washington Territory, also in Califor-
nia; common in most shady woods; and often 8 to 16 feet high.

6. Sprrza Aruncus, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound and Upper Columbia River, in shady places.

ROSACEA. 287

4. CHRCOCARPUS, ABK

1. CERCOCARPUS PARVIFOLIUS, Nutt.

Has. Umpqua River, Southern Oregon, and Valley of the Sacra-
mento, California.—A shrub, sometimes attaining the height of 12 to
14 feet, with a stem six inches in diameter. The leaves vary from
narrowly cuneate-oblong to broadly obovate, and from less than an
inch to two and a half inches long. It includes C. betulifolius of
Nuttall.

5. PURSHIA, DC

1. PorsHIA TRIDENTATA, DC.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, and Oregon to the borders
of California; eastward to the Rocky Mountains, but rare beyond
long. 108°. The most southern station known to us is derived from
the collections and notes of Col. Fremont. He found the plant on
the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada, in latitude 34° 27’ and longi-
tude 117° 13’.

6. GEUM, Linn.

1. GEUM MACROPHYLLUM, Willd.

Has. Borders of Puget Sound and eastward to Canada and high
mountains of New England; common in woods.

2. GEUM (SIEVERSIA) TRIFLORUM, Pursh.

Has. Prairies near Gray’s Harbor. Ravines and plains of the Nez
Perces country, extending eastward to Northern New York, New
Hampshire, &c.—A low and less villous form, with the stems scape-
like and only one-flowered, was found on the Upper Columbia.

288 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

7. HORK ELIA, Cham. & Schlecht.
1, Horxeti1a Cauirornica, Cham. & Schlecht.

Has. Ravines near San Francisco, California.—Calycine appendages
variable, sometimes shorter, but often longer than the segments; often
trifid. Petals nearly as long as the calyx, white, obtuse, with scarcely
any claw. Disk smooth. Filaments less dilated than in the other
species, with a grooved ridge on the face: anthers linear-oblong.
Styles slightly curved at the summit. Chamisso and Schlechtendal
state that the filaments which are opposite the petals fall away with
those organs, but we have not observed this to be the case in any of
the species which we have examined. |

2. HoRKELIA CONGESTA, Hook.

Has. Southern Oregon and Northern California—The species
includes H. hirsuta of Lindley. The petals vary in size and form.

8. IVESIA, Torr. & Gray.

1. Ivesta Picxerineu, Zorr. & Gray. (Tab. 4.)

I. (Albiflore 15-20-andre; caulibus gracilibus magis foliatis ; cyma
paniculata ; folvis albido-lanatis primum saltem myosuroideis ; fila-
mentis gracillimis) : pedalis; foliolis demum patentiusculis 8—5-par-
tutis sectisve, segmentis oblongis ; pedicellis calyce (fructifero oblongo-
campanulato) brevioribus; lobis accessoriis calycis ovato-lanceolatis ;
staminibus 20 manifeste tri-seriatis ; antheris mucronulatis ; car-

pellis 4-6.

Ivesia Pickering, Torr. & Gray in Newberry, Rep. Pacif. R. R. Expl. 4, p. 72;
Gray in Proceed. Amer, Acad. 6, p. 531.

Has. Northern California, on the Klamath River.—An_ interest-

: ROSACES. 289

ing species most resembling Jvesia Gordonii, Torr. & Gray, 1. c., on the
one hand, and I santolinoides, Gray, on the other. Characters of all
three are given in the memoir above cited.

Puate 4. Ivesia Pickeringii: of the natural size. Fig. 1. Portion
of aleaf. 2. A flower. 3. Portion of the calyx, with a petal and two
stamens. 4. The entire calyx laid open, showing the insertion of
the stamens. 5. Pistils. 6. A separate pistil. 7. Ovary laid open
longitudinally, showing 9. An achenium. 8. Transverse section of
the same. 10. A seed. 11. The embryo.

9 POTENTILLA, Linn.

1. PoTENTILLA RIVALIS, Nutt.

Haz. Low grounds, California, Oregon, and Washington Terri-
tory.—The var. millegrana, P. millegrana, Dougl. [Confounded with
P. Norvegica. ]

2, POTENTILLA GRACILIS, Doug].

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound; the typical plant. Washington
Territory and Oregon, in rich soils; the var. flabelliformis (P. flabel-
liformis, Lehm.); evidently not specifically distinct.

3. PoTENTILLA FRUTICOSA, Linn.

Has. Near Fort Colville on the Columbia; seen nowhere else in
Washington Territory or Oregon.

4, Porentitta Awnserina, Linn.

Has. San Francisco, California (var. communis). Puget Sound, in
woods (var. grandis). Saline soils between Fort Okanagan and Grand
Coule (var. concolor).

73

290 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

5. POTENTILLA PALUSTRIS, Scop.

Has. Puget Sound; the most southern station of this plant on the
west coast of North America, hitherto noticed.

10. FRAGARIA, Tourn.

1. FrAGARIA CHILensis, Lhrh.

Has. Hillsides near San Francisco, California.

2. FRAGARIA VESCA, Linn.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory ; common.—It is possible
that some of the specimens referred to this species may belong to F.
Virginiana, it being very difficult to distinguish the Pacific forms of
the two.

ll. RUBUS, Tourn.

1. Rusus Nutxanvs, Mogino.

Has. Woods and banks of rivers; common around Puget Sound,
and in the interior of Oregon and Washington Territory.— We have
no hesitation in referring R. relutinus, Hook. & Arn. to this species.
It differs in scarcely any respect except in the leaves and branchlets
being more pubescent; and specimens are not unusual that connect
the two forms.

2. Rusus strigosus, Micha.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory; rather common; but not
found near the coast.—The plant is more hispid, and the leaves are

ROSACEA. 291

smaller than in the R. strigosus of the Atlantic States. The white
pubescence of the under surface of the leaves mostly disappears with
age,

3. RUBUS SPECTABILIS, Pursh.

Has. Banks of rivers, from Puget Sound, eastward to the Cascade
Mountains.—An upright ornamental shrub, 8 to 10 feet high, with
few branches, and large deep purple flowers. The fruit, which is
called Salmon-berry by the white inhabitants, is of a red or orange
color, large, and finely flavored. It is much prized as an article of
food by the Indians throughout the territory.

4, RUBUS MACROPETALUS, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Along ravines and rivers of the coast, near San Francisco,
California.

12, PHOTINIA, Lindi.

1. Paotinra ArButiroiia, Lindl.

Has. Near San Francisco, California—This beautiful evergreen
shrub is abundant among the scrubby growth of the coast. It some-
times attains the height of 20 feet, with a trunk 12 inches in diameter,
which divides into spreading branches. The fruit is about the size
of a small pea, red, and usually ripens but a single seed in each of
its cells. The kernel exhales a strong odor of bitter almonds when
bruised.

132, AMELANCHIER, Medic.

1, AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS, var. ALNIFOLIA, Zorr. & Gray.

Has. Puget Sound, and eastward; common in the interior of Wash-
ington Territory.—The fruit of this small tree is called Kitkaya by

292, PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

the Indians, and Little Service-berry by the settlers. It is palatable,
and hundreds of bushels of it are dried for winter use. Among the
specimens of this plant in the collection is one from Nisqually, in
which many of the leaves are quite entire, and the rest only sparingly
serrate towards the summit.

144. CRATAGUS, Linn.

1. CRATHGUS SANGUINEA, Pallas.

Has. Puget Sound, and eastward to the Columbia, also in the Nez
Perces country; common along rivers: the var. Douglasii, Torr. &
Gray. This grows from ten to twelve feet high. All the specimens
in the collection have narrower leaves, with the base more cuneiform
than in the Siberian C. sanguinea. The spines are short and stout.

15. PY RUS, Linn.

1. Pyrus RIvuLaRis, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Shores of Puget Sound: common. Gulf of Georgia, Dr.
Holmes; not seen in the interior of the country.—This is a tree, 30
feet high, with a trunk nine inches in diameter; very variable in the
foliage. On the same individual some of the leaves are undivided,
and others are 3-lobed. Usually they are obovate, but sometimes
oblong and even almost lanceolate. When young, the under suface
is covered with a white tomentum. The calyx segments fall off as
the fruit ripens.

2. Pyrus (Sorsus) AMERICANA, DC.

Has. Cascade Mountains of Oregon.—In all our Oregon specimens
there are only eleven leaflets; but otherwise they do not appear to
differ from the eastern plant. [It is doubtless P. sambucifolia, Cham.
& Schlecht., which extends eastward to Lower Canada. ]

ROSACEA. 293

16. ROSA, Tourn.

1. Rosa BLANDA, Ait.

Has. California, Oregon, and Washington Territory; from the sea-
coast part to the Rocky Mountains.—A variable species, including,
if we mistake not, the R. fraxinifolia, R. Woodsii, and also Chamisso
and Schlechtendal’s R. Californica.

2. Rosa GyMNocarPa, Nutt.

Has. Fertile places near the Cascade Mountains, Oregon; and at
Nisqually, Puget Sound.—A_ low bush, with neat foliage. It is re-
markable for its small, ovate, naked fruit, the calycine segments being
deciduous.

17. ADENOSTOMA, Hook. & Arn.

1. ADENOSTOMA FASCICULATA, Hook. & Arn.

Has. California, near San Francisco; on hillsides; very abundant
on Mount Palmas.—A shrub from 3 to 5 feet high, with a perfectly
upright stem and horizontal branches. Leaves in young plants 3-cleft,
or sometimes pinnatifidly cut into 5 or 7 linear segments.

18. ALCHEMILLA, Tourn.

1. ALCHEMILLA ARVENSIS, Scop.
A. occidentalis & A. cuneifolia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, p. 482.

Has. Sterile soils, in prairies near Nisqually, Puget Sound.—Per-
haps introduced from Europe. It is, however, not uncommon in

various parts.of California.
74

294 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

19 SANGUISORBA, Linn.

1. SANGUISORBA ANNUA, Nutt.

Has. Fort Colville, on the Upper Columbia, and on the Spokane
River, Washington Territory.—The specimens are much more robust
than any that we have from eastern stations. &. microcephala, Presl,
Hpimelia, is a synonym.

20. AC ANA, Linn.

1. ACHNA TRIFIDA, Ruiz & Pavon.

Has. Near San Francisco, California. Dr. Parry found it at Mon-
terey, in the same State.

Orv, 2. CALYCANTHACEH &.

1 CALYCANTHUS, Linn.

1. CALYCANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Mountain sides of the Upper Sacramento, California.—The
flowers are mostly terminal and three together; the peduncle of the
middle one much longer than the others. Fruit not half as large as in
C. floridus, truncate; the orifice scarcely contracted, and the short hairy
styles somewhat exserted. Achenia very numerous, ovate, hairy.

Orv. 29. LYTHRACE A.

1AMMANNIA, Abouston.

1, AMMANNIA LATIFOLIA, Linn.

Has. Along the Sacramento River, California; in wet places.—
Differs from the ordinary form of the plant in its broader and
shorter leaves, which are subcordate, but neither dilated nor auricu-
late at the base, and in the shorter but still very distinct style.

2 LYTHRUM, Linn.

1. LyrHRuM ALATUM, Pursh.

Has. Marshes along the Sacramento River, California—We find
the length of the pedicles, as well as that of the accessory teeth of the
calyx, to be variable in this species. Our specimens show a transition
from L. alatum to L. Californicum, Torr. & Gray; the L. lineare of
Hooker and Arnott, not of Linn.

Orv. 80. ONAGRACE &.

l1ZAUSCHNERIA, Presi.

1. ZAUSCHNERIA CALIFORNICA, Presi.
Has. Borders of the Sacramento, and near San Francisco, Cali-

fornia.—Leaves variable in breadth and pubescence; a polymorphous
species.

2 EPILOBIUM, Linn.

1. EPILoBIuM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Linn.

Has. California, Oregon, and Washington Territory; in moist and
fertile soils.

2. EPILOBIUM TETRAGONUM, Linn.

Has. Interior of Oregon; in marshy places; the var. glandulosum,
Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

3. EPILoBIuM COLORATUM, MMuAl.
Has. On the Sacramento, California, and northward to Washington
Territory, in rich wet soils.
4, EPILOBIUM MINUTUM, Lindl.

Has. Around Puget Sound, and eastward to the Columbia River.

ONAGRACEA. 297

5. EPILOBIUM PANICULATUM, Nutt.
Has, On the Lower Sacramento, on dry ground (with the flowers
smaller than in £. palustre) ; and in prairies between the Willamette

River and Northern California (with the flowers three times larger,
and the plant 2 or 3 feet high).

3. GNOTHERA, Linn.

1. CHNOTHERA BIENNIS, Linn.
Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory, and west to

the Pacific; also on Fraser’s River, British Columbia.—This species
is as variable west of the Rocky Mountains as in the Atlantic States.

2. CGHNOTHERA ALBICAULIS, Nutt.

Has. Interior of Oregon, on banks of rivers; frequent; in forms
similar to those east of the Rocky Mountains.

3. GinorHeRA (GopeETIA) LinpiEyi, Doug.

Has. Valley of the Columbia, and at Nisqually, Puget Sound.—A
very showy plant, with large lilac-purple flowers.

4, CHNOTHERA (GODETIA) QUADRIVULNERA, Doug.

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory ; common.

5. CHNOTHERA (BOISDUVALIA) DENSIFLORA, Lindl.

Has. On the Spokane River, Washington Territory, in elevated

forests; Rev. Mr. Spalding.
| 75

298 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

6. GUNOTHERA (SPHAROSTIGMA) HETERANTHA, Nutt.

Has. On the Spokane River, Washington Territory.—Leaves all
radical, 4 to 6 inches long, and an inch or more broad; nearly entire.
Flowers an inch in diameter; the tube of the calyx very long and
slender. Capsules sessile and partly concealed in the bases of the
leaves, oblong, acute, angular. Seeds in a single series, oblong and
somewhat cylindrical, ascending. ° -

7. CHNOTHERA (SPHAROSTIGMA) CHEIRANTHIFOLIA, Hornem.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—All the specimens have the
pods much contorted.

8. CHNOTHERA (SPH@ROSTIGMA) ANDINA, Nutt.

Has. On the Cascade Mountains of Oregon.—Of this singular little
plant there are two forms in the collections; one of them with very
minute flowers, agreeing exactly with Nuttall’s original specimens,
except that the plant is only 2 or 3 inches high, and branches from
near the summit; the other is of the same size and habit, but the
leaves are broader, and the flowers are four or five times larger.

9. GUNOTHERA (SPHAROSTIGMA) CONTORTA, Dougl.

Has. Prairies of the Kooskooskee, Washington Territory.—There
can be no doubt;now that we have a fuller set of specimens, that
Rh. parvula, Nutt. (as was suspected in the Flora of North America),
is the same as ft. contorta. The capsules become contorted when old.
According to Dr. Pickering, the flowers are yellow or reddish.

10. GinorHERA (SPHAROSTIGMA) STRIGULOSA, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Port Discovery, Washington Territory.

ONAGRACES. 299

4,.GAYOPHYTUM, Adr. Juss,

1. GAYOPHYTUM RAMOSISSIMUM, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Prairies of the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.

& CLARKIA, Pursh.

~ 1. CLARKIA PULCHELLA, Pursh.

Haz. On the Upper Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers; in plains
and stony places; probably the very district in which this plant was
discovered by Lewis and Clarke.

2. CLARKIA RHOMBOIDEA, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Plains near the Cascade Mountains, Oregon.—This species

makes a near approach to Ginothera, section Godetia, and particularly

the second division of that section. The flowers are scarcely one-
third as large as those of C. pulchella.

6. GAURA, Linn.

1. GAURA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon; a common and wide-
spread species; the only one west of the Rocky Mountains.

300 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

7. JUSSIAA, Linn.

1. JUSSLHA REPENS, Linn.

Has. California, in rivulets near San Francisco, and southward.

8. CIRC AA, Tourn.

1. Crrc#a Lotetiana, Linn.

_ Has. Woods, Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory.—

Flowers much smaller than in the plant of the Eastern States; in
which respect, and in its included disk, it resembles C. alpina. The
bracts are not unfrequently present in the ordinary form of C. Lute-
tana, as it occurs near New York. [This is the newly published
C. Cali frnios of Ascherson and Magnus, in the Botanische Zeitung
for 1871, p. 392.]

9 MYRIOPHYLLUM, Daill.

1. MyYRIopHYLLUM VERTICILLATUM, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound; and near San Rafael, California.—Without
flowers ; the species therefore uncertain.

Orv. 38 LOASACE &.

1 MENTZELIA, Linn.

1. MENTZELIA ALBICAULIS, Dougl.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory; in prairies; extending
southward to San Diego in California, and eastward to Texas.—Stem
more or less smooth, the lower part usually (but not always) whitish
and shining. Leaves varying from deeply sinuate-pinnatifid to re-
motely toothed. Lobes of the calyx lanceolate. Petals obovate ;
very obtuse. Filaments about 15, very slender. Capsule about an
inch long, and a line and a half in diameter. Seeds rhombic-cuboid ;
minutely scabrous.

2. MENTZELIA L&VICAULIS, Dougl.

Has. On the Klamath River, Northern California; and Walla-
Walla, Oregon.—According to Mr. Brackenridge, who collected the
specimens, the flowers are of a “pale-yellow color.” Sir William
Hooker unites this species with MZ. ornata; but it differs, according
to Dr. Gray, in its yellow flowers, which open in the afternoon in
bright sunshine, while those of JZ ornata open near sunset, and re-
main expanded through the evening. Vid. Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 47,
and Pl. Wright, Part 1, p. 73.

Orv. 32 MESEMBRYANTHEMACE &.

1. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, Linn.

1. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM MUTABILE, Haw. ?

Haz. Abundant on rocks near salt water, Bay of San Francisco;
creeping and forming large patches.—The species of this genus are so
difficult to determine in the dried state, that we are by no means cer-
tain this one is rightly named; but this is the name adopted in the
Botany of Whipple’s Expedition. It occurs also near San Diego,
together with an undetermined species allied to M. crystallinum.
They can hardly be indigenous in California, and yet there is no
record of their having been introduced in any other part of the
world.

Orv. 33. CUCURBITACES.

l ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Gray.

1, Ecurtnocystis (MEGARHIZA) FABACEA, Naudin.

Echynocystis fabacea, Naudin, in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, 16, p. 187; Benth. & Hook.
Gen. Pl. 1, p. 835.

E. muricata, Kellogg, in Proceed. Calif. Acad. 1, p. 57, olim

Marah muricatus, Kellogg, 1. ¢. p. 38.

Steyos angulatus, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 220, pro parte.

S. Oreganus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 543.

Has. From Nisqually, Puget Sound, to San Francisco; and, in-
deed, throughout the length of California.—The root is shaped like a

CUCURBITACES. 303

ruta-baga turnip, and is sometimes larger than a flour barrel. Some-
times it is washed out of river banks and from the sides of ravines by
rains or freshets. It is fleshy, very bitter, and leaves a pungent sen-
sation in the mouth and fauces when chewed. Medicinally it is laxa-
tive, and is sometimes used as physic by the natives and miners of

California, by whom the plant is called Big-root, Giant-root, and
Physic-root.

' [This remarkable plant was long studied by Dr. Torrey, and indi-
cated by him as a new genus, to which he proposed to give the appro-
priate name of Megarhiza. His long delay of the publication of it
was owing to the difficulty he met with in his endeavors to ascertain
whether it comprised more than one species, the fruits sent to him in
spirit being various in size and form, and especially in the number
of ovules and seeds, these varying from one to five in each cell, and
when several presenting different forms, perhaps as the result of
mutual pressure. On the whole, it is to be gathered from his un-
finished notes that he regarded the forms as probably varieties of a.
single species. In the meantime, Naudin’s investigation of the plant
as cultivated in France, and his reference of it to the genus Echino-
cystis, came to Dr. Torrey’s knowledge, but he did not complete his
scattered notes, or leave them in a state available for publication. It
is, on the whole, to be inferred that he accepted the view adopted in
the Genera Plantarum by Dr. Hooker, namely, that MEGARHIzA forms
a marked subgenus, distinguished from true Echinocystis by its peren-
nial tuberous root, ovoid turgid seeds, and very thick fleshy cotyle-
dons, which are hypogeeous in germination. It is to be noticed that
Dr. Kelloge’s name Marah is much the earliest, but Dr. Torrey ob-
jected to it as neither a native nor a personal name, nor one derived
from either Greek or Latin. |

Orv 34. GROSSULACE &.

1 RIBES, Linn.

1. Rises Mewnziesi, Pursh.

Has. Around the Bay of San Francisco, California—A very orna-
mental species, remarkable for its stout ternate spines, which are
united at the base, and for the Fuschia-like flowers.

2. Ripes Cauirornicum, Hook. & Arn.

ftibes Californicum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 346 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. p. 548;
Gray, in Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 88.

R. subvestitum, Hook. & Arn. 1. c.; Torr. & Gray, l. c. p. 545.

Rh. occidentale, Hook. & Arn. 1, c.; Torr. & Gray, |. c. p. 548.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound; in woods; rather rare.—A
variable species, with handsome bright purple flowers and neat foliage.
It occurs as far southward as San Francisco.

3. Rises pivaricatum, Doug.

Ribes divaricatum, Doug]. in Lond. Hort. Trans. 7, p- 515; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.
1859; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 231; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 547.
fk. villosum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

Has. Port Discovery, Puget Sound, and eastward to the Colum-
bia.—This is, perhaps, the tallest North American species of Ribes.
It is sometimes 12 feet or more in height. The branches are without
bristles, and the spines (which are solitary) not remarkably stout.

GROSSULACES. 305

Peduncles mostly 3- (rarely 4-) flowered. Flowers purple, mixed with
green. The lobes of the calyx are reflexed in only a few of the
flowers. Petals very much dilated and almost lunate at the summit,
with an obtusely cuneate base about half the length of the calyx-
lobes. Stamens longer than the calyx. Style 2-cleft about one-third
of its length. Ovary ovate, smooth. Fruit not collected.

4, RIBES LACUSTRE, Poir.

Has. Puget Sound, and east to the Cascade Mountains.—The
western differs from the eastern plant in the rather broader petals
and shorter hairs of the ovary, but there seems to be no other dif-
ference.

5. Ripes rusrum, Linn.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, east of the Cascade Moun-
tains.—There is but a single specimen of this plant in the collection,
but there can be little doubt of its identity with the common Red
Currant. It extends nearly across the northern part of our continent,
but has not been found south of latitude 40°.

6. Rises cerEuM, Doug.

Has, On rocks and in sheltered situations; common in the interior
of Oregon and Washington Territory. It occurs eastward to the
Rocky Mountains and southward to New Mexico.—The waxy dots
on the leaves are extremely minute, and are not always white, but
often brownish, or sometimes confluent into a thin varnish. Fruit
yellowish. Bracts unusually large for this genus; often incisely
toothed at the summit.

7. RiBES HIRTELLUM, Dficha. ?

Has. Rocky places in the open country, and in river-valleys be-
tween Spokane River and Fort Colville, Washington Territory.—
Branches almost unarmed, the spines being few and very short.

77

306 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Leaves an inch or an inch and a half in diameter, 3-5-lobed; the
lobes laciniately and rather acutely toothed, nearly smooth above,
somewhat pubescent underneath. Peduncles short, 2—3-flowered ;
bracts oblong. Calyx tubular-campanulate, the lobes longer than the
tube, oblong. Petals scarcely half the length of the calyx, rhombic-
spatulate. Stamens rather shorter than the calyx. Style deeply
2-cleft, hairy below. Ovary smooth. Berry yellow.

§. RipEs BracTEosuM, Dougl.

Has. Banks of rills in woods, Puget. Sound, and eastward to the
Cascade Mountains.—Leaves 3 to 7 inches in diameter, thin. Racemes
loose, 6 to 10 inches long, bearing 80 to 40 small greenish flowers.
Calyx-segments roundish-ovate, more than twice the length of the
broadly rhomboidal petals. Style smooth.

9. RIBES SANGUINEUM, Pursh.

Has. Shores of Puget Sound; also about Vancouver, and on the
Kooskooskee.—This is one of the most abundant and ornamental of
the Wild Currants of Northwest America. It occurs nearly to the
southern borders of California.

10. Rises MALVAcEuM, Smith.

Has. On the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory, and south-

ward to San Francisco. It is a common species in California.
11. Rises aursum, Pursh.

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory —The well-
known Buffalo Currant.

Orv. 8. CRASSULACE &.

lECHEVERIA, DC

1, ECHEVERIA LANCEOLATA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California; on rocks.—Scape-like stem
8-18 inches long. Radical leaves 14 to 2 inches long. Cyme more or
less compound ; the pedicles about half the length of the flowers.—
We know nothing of £. cespitosa, which is said to be a California
species. It has never been found by any of the modern explorers of
that country, and we think it must belong to Lower California.

2, SEDUM, Linn.

1. SEDUM SPATHULIFOLIUM, Hook.

Has. Sides of the Cascade Mountains, and eastward to the Co-
lumbia.—Stem creeping, with ascending branches, 3 to 6 inches high,
Leaves scarcely one-third of an inch long, varying from obovate to
spatulate. Pedicels one or two lines long.

2, SEDUM SPARSIFLORUM, Nuit. ?

Haz. On the Upper Columbia.—This plant resembles some of our
Arkansas specimens of 8. sparsiflorum in the stem being quite simple,
and all of them are erect. There are often six carpels. According
to Dr. Pickering, the flowers are yellow.

308 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. SepumM Dove.iasu, Hook.

Has. On rocks; Upper Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers.—The
root seems to be decidedly perennial in our specimens; but Hooker
described it as annual. The stem often bears on its upper half, and
sometimes on the lower portion also, short bud-like branches, with
imbricated leaves and rudimentary cymes at the summit. When this
is the case, the proper terminal cymes are small and few-flowered.

4, SEDUM STENOPETALUM, Pursh.
Has. Upper part of the Columbia River; also found east of the

Rocky Mountains.

& TILL AA, Micheli.

1. TILLHA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Margin of ponds near San Francisco, Californian—A very
small species, creeping in the mud. Carpels 10—-12-seeded. Seeds
linear-oblong, striated longitudinally.

Orv. 36 SAXIFRAGACE &.

1 SAXIFRAGA, Linn.

1. SAXIFRAGA INTEGRIFOLIA, Hook.

Has, Puget Sound; in prairies and wet ground.—The leaves vary
from ovate to narrowly oblong. The longer-leaved forms resemble
S. Pennsylvanica. ,

SAXIFRAGACES!. 309

2. SAXIFRAGA NIVALIS, Linn.

Has. Subalpine and wet places in the interior of Washington
Territory.

3. SAXIFRAGA PELTATA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 5.)

S. (BERGENIA) rhizomate crasso repente; foliis longissime petiolatis erectis
amplis peltatis orbiculatis ambitu lobatis et inciso-dentatis membra-
naceis; scapis nudis apice cymosis glandulosis; calycis tubo brevis-
simo campanulato, lobis lato-ovatis obtusis; petalis obovato-oblongis ;
carpellis distinctis,

Saxifraga peltata, Torr-in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 311.
Leptarrhena inundata, Behr, in Proceed. Calif. Acad. 1, p. 45 & 57.

Has. Upper Sacramento and its tributaries, along and in the beds
of small swift-running streams; not uncommon through the Sierra. —
Rhizoma stout and fleshy, strongly marked with the vestiges of fallen
petioles. Leaves orbicular; the lamina sometimes more than a foot
in diameter; peltate, with a funnel-shaped depression at the insertion
of the petiole, unequally 10-14-lobed, the lobes rounded and cre-
nately-serrate: petioles 1 to 2 feet long, roughened with minute dark-
brown glands. Scape 12 to 4 feet high, naked, or with only a very
small leaf at the base of the cyme, roughly glandular like the peti-
oles. Cyme paniculate, 3 or 4 inches in diameter. Calyx nearly free,
much shorter than the petals; the lobes somewhat fleshy, oblong,
obtuse, at length reflexed, glandularly pubescent. Petals pale rose
color, somewhat unequal, obovate-oblong, persistent. Stamens 10,
shorter than the petals: filaments subulate from a broad base :
anthers suborbicular, 2-celled. Ovaries distinct nearly to the base,
rarely 3, broadly ovate, attenuate above into a short thick style;
stigma reniform, oblique. Capsule coriaceo-membranaceous, the car-
pels ovate, inflated, abruptly rostrate with the short persistent style,
opening longitudinally the whole length of the ventral suture. Seeds
(immature) obovate, the testa apparently conformed to the nucleus.—
A remarkable species, but a genuine Saxifraga. The flowers appear

78

310 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

before the leaves are unfolded. According to Dr. Kellogg (1. c.) the
tender inner portion of the scapes has somewhat the flavor of apples,
and is eagerly sought after and eaten by the Indians.

PLATE 5.—SAXIFRAGA PELTATA. Plant with flowers, young leaves,
and portion of fruiting cyme. Fig. 1. A flower. 2. The same dis-
played. 3. Vertical section. 4. Portion of fruit. The details en-
larged.

2 PARNASSIA, Tourn.

1. PARNASSIA PARVIFLORA, Hook.

Has. Moist places along the Klamath River.—Radical leaves
ovate, the base attenuated into a long petiole. Scapes 12-16 inches
high, very slender, furnished above the middle with a small bract-like
leaf. Phalanges of sterile filaments consisting of 12 to 15 slender
bristles. Petals on slight claws. Hardly a distinct species from P.
palustris.

3. HEUCHERA, Linn.

1. HevcHEera cYLinprica, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory, and Birch Bay,
Puget Sound. Also Cascade Mountains, Oregon; a smaller and
smoother form.—I find no petals, even rudimentary ones, in any of
the specimens. The smaller form, from the mountains, approaches
so near to A. glabella and H. ovalifolia of Nuttall, that all should be
reduced to one species,

2. HEUCHERA MICRANTHA, Doug/.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—The specimens are immature, but
they agree very well with H. micrantha.

SAXIFRAGACEA. 311

4. TOLMIEBA, Zorr. & Gray.

1. TotmreA Menzrgsu, Torr. & Gray.

Has, Around Puget Sound, in fertile woods; eastward to the Cas-
cade Mountains.—Calyx unequally 5-cleft; the lobes ovate-lanceolate,
three of them longer than the others; tube cleft nearly the whole
length between the two shorter lobes. Petals only 4; there being
none between the two shorter lobes of the calyx.

& TELLIMA, R. Brown.

1, TELLIMA GRANDIFLORA, Dougl.

Haz. Puget Sound; abundant.—Petals conspicuously exserted,
cuneate at the base, the lamina cut into 7 to 9 narrow lobes.

6 LITHOPHRAGMA, Zorr. & Gray.

1. LitHOPHRAGMA PARVIFLORA, Nuit.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory ; not uncommon in prai-
ries from the seacoast to the Rocky Mountains.—This species is
variable in size and pubescence, so that probably some of its forms
pass into ZL. glabra, Nutt. The specific name is by no means appro-
priate, for the flowers are commonly as large as in any other species
of the genus.

7% MITELLA, Zourn.

1. Mirena cautescens, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Puget Sound.—This must be a very rare plant, as it has
hitherto been found only by Mr. Nuttall and Dr. Pickering. [Re-

312 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

cently collected by E. Hall in Oregon.] There are usually but two
cauline leaves. The petals are deeply pinnatifid, with five pairs of
filiform distant lobes. Stamens shorter than the lobes of the calyx.
Capsule opening at the summit very soon after the fertilization of the
ovules.

2. MITELLA PENTANDRA, Hook.

Has. Oregon; the particular station not recorded, but probably on
the Columbia River.

8. TIARELLA, Linn.
1. TYARELLA TRIFOLIATA, Linn.

Has. Washington Territory and Oregon, from the seacoast to the
Cascade Mountains; frequent in fertile woods.——The cauline leaves
are sometimes undivided, or only obscurely three-lobed.

9 CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tourn.

1. CHRYSOSPLENIUM GLECHOMAFOLIUM, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—Differs from C. Americanum of the
Atlantic States in the numerous distinct teeth of the leaves, but more
essentially in the smooth globular seeds.

10. PHILADELPHUS, Lina.

1. PaiwapeLpaus Lewisu, Pursh.

Philadelphus Lewisit, Pursh. Fl. 1, p. 329; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am., 1, p. 220; Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1, p. 595.

P. Gordonianus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. (Mise. 1838, No. 23) & Ser. 2, t. 32.

P. Californicus, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 309.

Haz. Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory and
Oregon, extending into California; abundant along rivers; growing

UMBELLIFERSZ. 313

sometimes 15 feet high We unite, under the oldest name, the three
species here enumerated, because they seem to pass by insensible
gradations into each other. According to Dr. Pickering the flowers
(at least in the Oregon plant) are by no means inodorous, as stated
in the Flora of North America. He states that they have an ex-
tremely grateful odor.

Orv. 37. UMBELLIFER AZ.

l HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn.

1. HyprocoryLe RANUNCULOIDES, Linn.

Has. Around the Bay of San Francisco, California; in wet
ground.—This species occurs in all the southern parts of the United
States, across the whole continent, and is common also in Mexico and
South America.

é

2 ORANTZIA, Mui.

1, CRANTZIA ATTENUATA, Hook. & Arn.

Crantzia attenuata, Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Bot. Mise. 3, p. 346.
C. Schaffneriana, Schlecht. in Linnza, 26, p. 370?

Haz. Wet places, Puget Sound.—A much larger plant than C.
lineata. Stem creeping and rooting in the mud. Leaves 3 to 6 inches
long, terete, with distant and slightly constricted nodes, 2 or 3 lines
in diameter, gradually attenuated towards the summit, which is never-

79

314 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

theless rather obtuse. Peduncles scarcely one-fourth the length of the
leaves. Umbels 10-15-flowered, the pedicels 3 or 4 lines long. Invo-
lucre of 5 or 6 very short ovate leaflets. Fruit not sufficiently mature
for examination. This species occurs also at Buenos Ayres, where it
was first detected by Tweedie. The little known Hydrocotyle Chi-
nensis, Linn. Sp. p. 339, is by some botanists thought to be the same
as H. lineata, Michx. The description of Linneus applies very well
to the plant of the United States, except that the leaves are said to
be flat. So indeed they appear to be in dried specimens of Z. lineata
and Hf. attenuata. |

3 SANICULA, Tourn.

1. SanicuLba MariLanpica, Linn.

Has. Washington Territory, between Puget Sound and the Cascade
Mountains.—A very uncommon species on the western side of the
continent.

2. SANICULA MeEnziesu, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Puget Sound, Washington Territory; the var. obtusa, viz.,
S. obtusa, Nutt. in Herb.

]

3. SANICULA BIPINNATIFIDA, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Port Discovery, Washington Territory—Roots thick and
blackish. Umbels about half an inch in diameter, so densely flowered
as to appear capitate. Flowers mostly sterile, brownish-purple. Styles
as long as the ovary and recurved.

4, SANICULA PINNATIFIDA, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Washington Territory, from Puget Sound to the Cascade
Mountains.—Differs from the California plant, on which the species

UMBELLIFERS. B15

was founded, in the lobes of the leaves being rather obtuse, the
primary rays of the umbel shorter, and the umbellets 8—10-flowered ;
thus approaching S. graveolens of Chili more closely than does the |
ordinary variety.

4. ERYNGIUM, Tourn.

1. Eryncium PEetioLaAtum, Hook.

E. caule superne dichotomo; foliis radicalibus oblongo-lanceolatis grosse
serrato-dentatis, denticulis spinosis vel piliferis, petiolis longissimis fis-
tulosis septiferis, caulinis sessilibus, supremis tripartitis spinosis, in-
volucralibus paleisve pinnatifido- vel tricuspidato-spinosis capitulo
subgloboso longioribus.

Eryngium petiolatum, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 259; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 604.
E. articulatum, Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 232.

Has. On the Spokane River, Washington Territory. Also on the
Willamette River, Oregon, and southward to the Lower Sacramento,
California.—Variable in size, but often 3 to 5 feet high, the upper part
dichotomously much branched; the stem and branches striate. Some-
times the plant is a few inches high, and branching from the base.
The radical leaves are often destitute of lamina, and then consist of
terete petioles which are 12-18 inches long and as thick as a goose-
quill. They have a jointed appearance from the nodes which occur
at intervals of an inch or more. Even when the lamina is present,
the petioles have the same structure, except that the nodes are much
more approximated. The primary veins mostly originate at the base
of the lamina, and run nearly parallel towards the summit. The
heads (including the projecting spiny scales) are about three-fourths
of an inch in diameter, and are often of a bluish color. Sometimes
only the scales of the terminal flowers are elongated. Calyx-tube
covered with ovate acute scales——A remarkable species, varying con-
siderably according to soil and situation. I have no hesitation in
joining with it Z. articulatum of Hooker, so well described by him in

316 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

his account of Geyer’s collection. It seems to be most allied to Z.
corniculatum of Spain and Portugal. The character of E. petiolatum
in the Flora of North America was drawn from dwarf specimens
collected by Nuttall.

Imperfect specimens of another Eryngium, collected near San Fran-
cisco, are in the collection, and I have it from the same place, sent to
me by Dr. Andrews. It may be an abnormal form of E. petiolatum;
but the involucral leaves and scales are all lanceolate and entire, with
a strong marginal nerve. The heads are larger also, but the flowers
are few.

0 CICUTA, Linn.

1. Cicuta mMacuLATA, Linn.

Has. Wet places, interior of Washington Territory.—Leaves not
so membranaceous as in the plant of the Atlantic States. Involucels
of many lanceolate leaflets. Styles nearly as long as the ovary.
Mr. Nuttall considered this a distinct species from C. maculata, and
named it C. crassifolia, in my herbarium; but I cannot find sufficient
characters for separating it, even as a well-marked variety. The
veining of the leaves is the same in both. I have not seen the
mature fruit of the western plant.

6. SIUM, Linn.

1. SiuM LINEARE, Micha.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.—A_ stout plant, 2-3
feet high. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, with mostly salient teeth.
Involucral leaves linear-lanceolate, about half as long as the rays.
Except in the longer involucre there are no obvious characters in
which it differs from the eastern plant.

UMBELLIFERAZ. 317

7, BERULA, Koch.

1. BERULA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Koch.

Berula angustifolia, Koch. Fl. Germ. & Helv. 2, p. 317? Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 55,
& Pl. Wright. 2, p. 65.

Sium angustifolium, Linn. Sp. ed. 2, p. 1672.

S. pusillum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 611 (forma depauperata).

S. incisum, Torr. in Frem. 1st Rep. p. 90.

Has. Near San Francisco; in wet grounds.—I find no considerable
difference between this plant and the Kuropean B. angustifolia, ex-
cept that the fruit is broader in proportion to its length in the latter
than in the former. The specimens in the herbarium of the Ex-
ploring Expedition are clearly the same as Sium pusillum of Nuttall,
which we have, named by that botanist. It is remarkable that this
plant, which occurs in so many places, from Michigan to Florida, and
west to the Pacific, should not have been identified until within a
few years.

8 PEUCEDANUM, Boch.

1, PEUCEDANUM LATIFOLIUM, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Washington Territory, from the Columbia River westward
to the Cascade Mountains.—Whole plant glaucous. Stem 1 or 2 feet
high. Petioles 5 to 8 inches long. Segments of the leaves sometimes
2% inches wide and more than 3 inches long. Peduncles a foot long.
Rays of the umbel 3 to 7 inches long. The fruit is not mature.

2, PEUCEDANUM LEIOCARPUM, Nutt.
Has. Oregon and Washington Territory; also northward to British
5 ran] y;

Columbia.—In the Botany of Whipple’s Report I expressed the
80

318 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

suspicion that a broad-leaved Californian form of this species may
show that P. datifolium is not distinct, but we have not yet sufficient
materials for determining the question.

3. PEUCEDANUM TRITERNATUM, Nutt.

Has. Upper Columbia and Kooskooskee, and in Oregon; common
on hillsides and prairies; also var. leptocarpum, Torr. & Gray (P. lep-
tocarpum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray); common on elevated stony land in
the Nez Perces country.—The root is subglobose or oblong, and
varies from one inch to four inches in diameter. The natives call it
Kamshit when fresh, and Kanash (Biscuit-root) when dry. It consti-
tutes a principal article of their food. They dry it in the sun after
peeling off the dark skin, and sometimes pound it into flour and then
make it into cakes. Hundreds of bushels of the root are gathered
every year in May, according to the Rev. Mr. Spalding.

4, PEUCEDANUM? AmBiGuuM, Nutt.

Eulophus ambiguus, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 27.
Peucedanum ambiguum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 626.
P. farinaceum, Hook. Pl. Geyer, in Lond. Jour. 6, p. 235?

Has. Washington Territory, east of the Cascade Mountains, and
on the Kooskooskee River.—The root is globose, and from half an
inch to an inch in diameter. As in many other species of the genus,
it is farinaceous, and a wholesome article of food. According to Mr.
Spalding, the aboriginal name of it is Zakaptat. The description of
P. farinaceum, Hook., applies very well to our plant, except that the
flowers are white, while Nuttall states that they are yellow in his
plant. The description of his plant was made from dried speci-
mens collected by Wyeth (one of which I have), and they may
have been white when living.

5. PEUCEDANUM F@NICULACEUM, Nutt.

Haz. Between the Cascade Mountains and the Columbia River,

UMBELLIFERS. 319

Washington Territory. The root is edible, and is called Jmakai by
the Nez Perces Indians.

6. PEUCEDANUM MACROCARPUM, Nutt.

Has. Upper Columbia, and on the Kooskooskee; in stony places.—
Flowers white, appearing in February. Root edible, and called Yikan
by the Nez Perces Indians. P. dasycarpum, Torr. & Gray, and P.
tomentosum, Benth., are probably only varieties of this species, which
again may not be distinct from P. foeniculaceum.

7. PEUCEDANUM UTRICULATUM, Nutt.

Has. Prairies of the Walla-Walla and other parts of Oregon;
southward to California.—The specimens are without fruit, but they
evidently belong to this species.

8. PEUCEDANUM NUDICAULE, Nutt.

Has. On the Kooskooskee River, Rev. Mr. Spalding.—Root a
globose farinaceous tuber, about three-fourths of an inch in diameter,
blackish externally. The aboriginal name of it is Aaket. The fruc-
tiferous peduncle is about a foot long. The oil-tubes of the fruit (one
in each interval and four in the commissure) are very slender.

9 LEPTOTANIA, Muti.

1. Leptrormnia pissecta, Nuté.

Has. Upper Columbia and Spipen Rivers, and in the Nez Perces
country; in rich prairies and on hillsides; flowering in March and
April.—The root is large and round, and acrid in taste. The Rev. Mr.
Spalding states that the Nez Perces Indians call it Zsis. The ripe fruit

320 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

resembles a watermelon seed. We have not seen original specimens
of Nuttall’s L. multifida, but have little doubt that it is only a yellow-
flowered variety of this species. Although the flowers are commonly
brownish-purple, some of these specimens are yellow, and the length of
the pedicels of the fruit does not seem to be constant.

10. EDOSMIA, Mutt.
1. EposmiA GAIRDNERI, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Valley of the Kooskooskee, Washington Territory, and dry
hillocks near San Francisco, California.—The tuberous root is about
the thickness of a man’s thumb, and is a very wholesome article

of food.

1l. THASPIUM, Nutt.

1. THASPIUM TRIFOLIATUM, var, APTERUM, Gray.

Thaspium trifoliatum, var. apterum, Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p. 156.
Zizia cordata, Koch; DC. Prodr. 4, p.99; Torr. Fl. New York, 1, p. 270, t. 83.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory —Except in the
smaller radical leaves, more incised cauline leaflets, and longer pe-
duncles, there appears to be nothing to distinguish this from the
eastern plant.

12. G@NANTHE, Linn.

1, CQHNANTHE SARMENTOSA, Presi,

CEnanthe sarmentosa, Presl in Herb. Heenk., fide DC. Prodr. 4, p. 138; Nutt. in
Torr. & Gray FI. 1, p. 617.

Has. Puget Sound, and west to the Upper Columbia, north to
Fraser’s River.—The young stalks have the taste of celery, and were

UMBELLIFERS. 321

eaten by the exploring party. Allied to GY. apiifolium of Europe.
Nuttall and Pres] hit upon the same name.

13. CONIOSELINUM, Fisch.

1. ConroseLinum Fiscuert, Wimm. & Grab.

Has. Puget Sound, on wooded banks.—Plant 3 to 5 feet high; re-

sembles wholly a Russian specimen of ©. Ingricum, Fischer, which is
referred to C. Fischeri.

14. DAUCUS, Tourn.

1. Daucus pusiLius, Michx.,’var. MicropHyLius, Torr. & Gray.

Haz. Oregon and California; common in various places.

1s. PHELLOPTERUS, Benth. & Hook.
1. PHELLOPTERUS LITTORALIS, Gray ex Schmidt.

Phellopterus littoralis, [Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. p. 905.] Gray ex Schmidt.
Fl. Sachalin, in Mem. Acad. Petrop., ser. 7, 12, p. 138.

Glehnia littoralis, Schmidt in Miquel, Prolus. Jap.

Cymopterus? littoralis, Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. 6, p. 391, & in Pacif. R.R. Exped.
(Stevens’s Rep., 12, part 2, p. 62.)

Hap. Sandy shore of Dungeness Point, and at Gray’s Harbor,
Washington Territory.—Root very long, and about one-third of an
inch thick. Caudex 1 to 3 inches long, more or less buried in the sand.
Leaves mostly radical, of a thickish texture, simply ternate, with the
divisions deeply 5—5-lobed, or biternate. The leaflets ovate or obovate,
crenate-serrate, the terminal one mostly 3-lobed, smooth above, but
very densely tomentose with a soft pubescence underneath. Pedun-
cles about an inch long. Umbel compound, of 6 to 8 rays, which are
1 to 2 inches long, and pubescent. Involucre none. Umbellets of many

81

399, — PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

short rays. Leaflets of the involucels narrow and numerous. Calyx-
teeth lanceolate, conspicuous, erect, or reflexed. Petals apparently
white, broadly obovate with an inflexed point. Stylopodium much
depressed, Styles short and recurved. Fruit broadly oblong in out-
line, nearly half an inch long. Carpels dorsally compressed; the
dorsal ribs strongly winged, nearly as broad as the lateral ones, all of
the wings thick and somewhat corky. Commissure flat. Seeds mod-
erately concave on the face. Dorsal vittse adhering to the surface of
the seed, usually 10, but sometimes 9, 11, or 13; those of the com-
missure very generally 4.

This remarkable species appears to be very rare. We have received
it only from the places here noticed. [Dr. Cooper collected it at
Shoalwater Bay in the same region. Mr. Charles Wright, still
earlier, on the coast of the Loo Choo Islands, and finally, Glehn and
Maximowicz on the shores of Japan, Sachalien, &&. The name of
Glehnia was first given to it, but no character published, which is
fortunate, as that is too near Glenniea of Hooker. |

16. CYMOPTERUS, Mutt.
1. CYMOPTERUS TEREBINTHINUS, Torr. & Gray.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River; in sandy places; common.—The
stem is somewhat branching, with very long fructiferous peduncles.
One of the carpels has a single broad and two narrow wings; the
other two broad and one narrow one. The same diversity occurs
in several other species of this genus.

17. ANGELICA, Linn.
1. ANGELICA GENUFLEXA, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Puget Sound.—Resembles Archangelica atropurpurea, but is a
true Angelica. It is a tall, coarse species. Leaves ternately divided ;

UMBELLIFER4S. 323

the divisions ternate and pinnately quinate, or biternate. Ultimate
segments 2-4 inches long. Umbel of very numerous rays. Involucre
none. Involucel of about nine very narrow leaves. Fruit immature,
but the vittee evidently single in each interval.

2. ANGELICA ARGUTA, Nuit. in Torr. & Gray.

Has. Mountains of Northern California, towards the sources of the
Sacramento.—A more slender plant than A. genuflexa. It is en-
tirely smooth. Leaflets about three times longer than broad, tapering
to the summit, rather acutely angular at the base. Peduncles elon-
gated; the common base subtended by large inflated petioles, which
are nearly destitute of lamina. Rays very numerous and slender.
Involucre and involucels none. Fruit nearly 5 lines long, elliptical-
oblong, the dorsal ribs slightly prominent. Vitte solitary in the
intervals, and usually four in the commissure. Our plant differs from
an original specimen of Nuttall’s in the narrower and longer Jeaflets,
and smaller remote serratures.

There are specimens in the collection of an Angelica, collected by
Rev. Mr. Spalding on the Kooskooskee, which seem almost inter-
mediate between the two species here noticed. It has the leaves of
A. genufleca, and the umbels of A. arguta, but the fruit being wanting
it cannot be certainly determined,

18. HERACLEUM, Linn.
1. HERACLEUM LANATUM, Michz.

Heracleum lanatum, Michx., Fl. 1, p. 166; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, p. 632.

Has. Interior of Oregon (var. vestirum), Puget Sound, and near
San Francisco.—Except in the more softly pubescent leaves, and villous
peduncles and branches, the Oregon plant differs in no respect from
the Californian specimens. —

324 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

19. OSMORHIZA, Raf.
1. OsMoRHIZA NUDA, Tory.

Osmorhiza nuda, Torr. Bot. Whippl. in Pacif. R. Road Expl. 4, p. 93.

O. brevistylis, Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 1, p. 271, ex parte; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1,
p- 638, ex parte.

O. divaricata, Nutt. MSS.

Has. Puget Sound and Oregon.—I was not aware when the descrip-
tion of O. nuda was published that it was identical with the plant of
Oregon, which all our botanists, as well as Hooker, had regarded as
O. brevistylis, or I should have adopted Nuttall’s manuscript name.
But it is too late now to change it. The involucres and involucels
are wanting, or else caducous, before the flowers are quite expanded,
while they are always present in O. brevistylis until the fruit begins to
ripen.

2. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS.
Glycosma occidentalis, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. 1, p. 639.

Has. Between Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains; in woods,
and on high and shady banks. Flowers in May.—There is little to
distinguish Glycosma from Osmorhiza except the smooth fruit, which
is notacharacter of generic importance. [A different view is taken in
Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl., where the Glycosma is referred to Myrrhis ;
but in Proc. Am. Acad. 8, p. 386, the genus is restored and char-
acterized. |

Orv. 88 ARALIACE &.

1. ARALIA, Tourn.
1. ARALIA NUDICAULIS, Linn.

Haz. On the Upper Columbia, between Spokane River and Fort
Colville; in woods.—Larger than the eastern plant, and the lower
pair of leaflets petiolulate. Angles of the (scarcely mature) fruit
almost winged in the dry state. This species has not been hitherto
recorded as a native of the Pacific side of the continent.

2. ARALIA RACEMOSA, Linn.

Var. OCCIDENTALIS: foliis tenuioribus ; calycis dentibus late triangu-
laribus.

Has. Upper tributaries of the Sacramento, California.—Differs from
the eastern plant in its very thin leaves, and shorter as well as much
broader teeth of the calyx. It may prove to be a distinct species.

2 HCHINOPANAX, Decaisne & Planchon.
1. EcHINOPANAX HORRIDUM, Decaisne & Planchon.

Has. Puget Sound, and southward to the Columbia River; in
moist woods.—This genus was established by the authors cited above,
in the Revue Horticole for 1854, for the Panax horridum of Smith,
Hooker, &. It was made a sub-genus, Oplopanax, in the Flora of
North America.

82

Orv. 89. CORNACE #.

1. CORNUS, Tourn.
1, Cornus PUBESCENS, Nutt.

Cornus pubescens, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 652 (sub var. sericea) and
Sylv. 3, p. 54; Torr. in Pacif. R. Road Exped., 4 (Bot. Whippl.), p. 95.

Has. Puget Sound, and Upper Columbia River, southward to San
Francisco; in moist, rich soil.—It attains the height of 12 to 15 feet.
The twigs are dark red. Nearer to C. alba than to C. sericea.

2. Cornus NouttaLitu, Audubon.

Cornus Nuttallii, Audub. Birds of America, t. 367; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 652,
Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 51, t. 97.
C. florida, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 277 (partim).

Has. Common in woods around Puget Sound, and on the Columbia
and Kooskooskee Rivers; also on the Sacramento, California.—A very
distinct species from the Flowering Dogwood of the Eastern States.
The leaflets of the involucre, although commonly six in number, are
often only four or five. The number of flowers in a head is three -
times greater than in C. florida, and the calyx and lobes are longer,
as well as thicker, and somewhat carinate on the back. ‘Trees of this
species sometimes attain the height of 60 feet.

3. Cornus CANADENSIS, Linn.

Has. Valley of the Columbia, and about Puget Sound.—This
beautiful little species extends quite across the continent, and from
latitude 40° to the Arctic Regions.

Orv. 40. CAPRIFOLIACE SZ.

1 LINN AA, Gronov.
1. LINN#A BOREALIS, Gronov.

Var. LONGIFLORA: corolle tubo basi longe attenuatis ; calycis lobis
lineart-subulatis ovario triplo longioribus.

Has. Oregon, and northward to British Columbia and Sitcha, east-
ward to the Rocky Mountains—We find no constant differences
between the western Linnea and the ordinary state of the plant,
except what we have here noticed. The flower is indeed larger, but
is sometimes equalled in New England specimens. ‘The eastern Lin-
nea is wholly like that of Europe, and so is that from Amoor River,
from Kamtschatka, &c., of which there are specimens in the herbarium
of Dr. Gray. [In Lyall’s, E. Hall’s, and other specimens from Oregon
and Washington Territory, this character holds good; while at Fraser
River an intermediate form occurs. From Utah and the Rocky
Mountains only the ordinary form has been collected. |

2 SYMPHORICARPUS, Dill.

1. SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS, Micha.

Has. Washington Territory and Oregon; common on the borders
of woods and banks of rivers; also near San Francisco, where it at-
tains the height of from 6 to 8 feet.

328 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. SYMPHORICARPUS MOLLIS, Mudd. ?

Has. Washington Territory east of the Cascade Mountains.—A
remarkable variety, apparently, of this species (which includes 8.
ciliatus, Nutt.), with narrow, almost lanceolate, and acute leaves.
The flowers are hardly enough developed in the single specimen.

3 LONICERA, Linn.
1. LonicEera ciLiosa, Poir.

Lonicera ciliosa, Poir. Dict. 5, p. 612; Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 5.
L. occidentalis, Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 282, Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.
Caprifolium ciliosum, Pursh., Fl. 1, p. 160.

C. occidentale, Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1457.

Has. Puget Sound, and along the Columbia River and its trib-
utaries; southward as far as Klamath River.—Leaves (including the
short petiole) 3 to 4 inches long, and 12 to 2 inches wide, conspic-
uously glaucous underneath, ciliate on the margin, particularly
towards the base; the upper ones connate-perfoliate. Flowers in
simple or verticillate clusters. Corolla golden-yellow, 14 inch long,
smooth, somewhat bilabiate; the tube gibbously inflated above the
base, and somewhat pubescent. Stamens a little exserted.

Our plant does not agree in all respects with the description of
Pursh, and yet there can be little doubt of its being his Caprifoliwm
ciliosum. The tube of the corolla is not inflated in the middle, but
towards the base. This species belongs rather to the Caprifolium
group than to Periclymenum.

2. LONICERA HISPIDULA, Dougl.

Lonicera hispidula, Doug]. in Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 283; Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 2, p. 8.

L. microphylla, Hook., 1. ¢., non Willd.

Caprifolium hispidulum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1761.

Has. Puget Sound, Washington Territory, and near San Francisco,

CAPRIFOLIACESA. 329

California—A1l the specimens are without flowers. The California
plant has the leaves nearly twice as large as in the specimens from
Puget Sound.

3. Lonicera Cairornica, Torr. & Gray.

Lonicera Californica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 7.
L. ciliosa, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 143 & 349, non Poir.
L. interrupta, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 313.

Has. Near San Francisco, California; in fruit only—The degree
of gibbosity of the tube of the corolla is not constant. L. interrupta,
Benth., seems to differ only in the glabrous flowers.

4, LONICERA INVOLUCRATA, Banks.

Has. San Francisco, and in the Sacramento Valley, northward to
Fraser’s River ; common along streams in fertile soil— A stout shrub,
growing from 6 to 8 feet high. It has rather a showy appearance
when in fruit; the black berries being surrounded by a large red
involucre.

4. VIBURNUM, Linn.

1. ViBURNUM ELLIPTICUM, Hook.

Has. Southern Oregon, along the borders of creeks.—Leaves 2 or
3 inches long, on short petioles, broadly ovate, subcordate, very ob-
tuse or truncate at the summit, coarsely dentate-serrate, hairy under-
neath, nearly smooth above, with 5 primary veins which arise from
the base. Fruit black, about one-third of an inch long, ovate-globose
(much compressed when dry), the pulp thin. This species, on the
western coast, takes the place of the eastern V. dentatum, or rather,
perhaps, of V. pubescens, which it more resembles.

83

330 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. VIBURNUM PAUCIFLORUM, Pylaie, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Washington Territory; along rivers in mountainous places ;
not common.

5. SAMBUCUS, Linn.

1. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSUS, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound, Washington Territory; not found in the in-
terior. We agree with Sir William Hooker that this plant, although
the 8. pubens of Michaux, is not specially distinct from the common
red-berried European Elder.

2. SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS, Linn.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, east of the Cascade
Mountains.—This differs from the eastern plant in the narrower and
less acute, as well as entirely smooth leaflets, but it does not seem to
be a distinct species.

3. SAMBUCUS Mexicana, Presi ?
Sambucus Mexicana, Presl, in DC. Prodr. 4, p. 323, ex Gray, Pl. Wright 2, p. 66.

Has. California, in the Valley of the Lower Sacramento, and near
San Francisco.—Whether this is really Heenke’s plant, which may
have been collected in California, is uncertain. It is the S. glauca
of Nuttall.

Orv. 4. RUBIACE &.

1 GALIUM, Linn.
1. GALium TRiFIpuM, Linn., var. TINCTORIUM, Torr. & Gray.
Has. Gray’s Harbor, and other parts of Washington Territory
west of the Cascade Mountains.
2. GALIUM TRIFLORUM, Micha.
Has. Puget Sound, in woods, and in the interior of Washington
Territory; also near San Francisco, California.
3. GALIUM BOREALE, Linn.

Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries; common in moist prairies.

4. GaLium APARINE, Linn.

Has. Wooded region around Puget Sound, very abundant on the
Kooskooskee River.

5. Gatium Cauirornicum, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—T wo forms occur in the col-
lection; one with small, smoothish leaves; the other with much larger
and hairy leaves. ‘The fruit of the latter is hispid.

332 , PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2 KELLOGGIA, Nov. Gen.

Calycis tubo obovato-didymo, cum ovario connato ; limbo brevissime quad-
ridentato persistente. Corolla infundibuliformis ; tubo elongato; limbo
quadrifido; lobis oblongo-lanceolatis. Stamina 4, corolle tubo inserta:
jilamenta filiformia: antherce oblongo-lineares, erectee. Styli fere ad
apicem concreti, longitudine staminum: stigmata oblongo-linearia :
ovarium obovato-didynum, biloculare; loculis uniovulatis. Ovula
erecta, anatropa. Fructus obovato-didymus, siccus ; coccis rectis facile
separabilibus indehiscentibus. Semen a pericarpio vix solutum. Em-
bryo intra albumen corneum rectus ; cotyledonibus foliaceis lateribus
subincurvis ; radicula elongata infera.—Herba gracilis, perennis,
erecta, ramosa, glabra ; ramulis obtuse quadrangularibus ; foliis op-
positis ; stipulis brevissimis coadunatis ; cymis divaricato-trichotomis ;
pedicellis elongatis sub flore incrassatis.

1, KELLoGeiA GALiorpEs, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 6.)

Has. Walla-Walla River: now known southward through the foot-
hills and Sierra Nevada to Mariposa County, California; in open
woods.—Herb, a foot or so in height, erect, branching loosely or
sparsely. Lower leaves are an inch long, varying from lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, entire, rather obtuse. Stipules broad and very short,
united nearly or quite to the summit. Cymes terminal, large, widely
spreading; the pedicels (when in fruit) nearly an inch in length, much
thickened and clavate below the flowers. Flowers small (as in As-
perula), apparently white. Fruit nearly the size of a peppercorn,
oboviform, densely clothed with white uncinate hairs or bristles; the
grains easily separating.

This remarkable and rare plant seems to have escaped the notice of
all the botanists and collectors who have visited the valley of the
Columbia and its tributaries, except Dr. Pickering and Mr. Bracken-
ridge. Although in habit it would seem to belong to the Stellate,
and has a flower much like that of Asperula, yet its true place is in
the tribe of Anthospermee, next to Galopina, a South African genus.
It is dedicated to Dr. Albert Kelloge of San Francisco, one of the
earliest and most zealous of botanists resident in California.

VALERIANACES. 333

Puate 6. Ketiogera GALioines: Upper part of the plant, of the
natural size. Fig. 1. A portion of stem and two of the leaves, showing
the stipules, enlarged. 2. Flower and thickened part of the pedicel,
magnified. 3. Upper part of the calyx with the hairs removed show-
ing the 4-toothed border. 4. Corolla laid open to exhibit style and
insertion of the stamens. 5. Mature fruit with the adherent calyx.
6. Longitudinal section of the same between the carpels. 7. Uncinate
hairs of the calyx. 8. Transverse section of the fruit, above the
middle, showing the cotyledonous portion of the embryos. 9. Trans-
verse section of one of the carpels near the base. 10. Kmbryo. The
details enlarged.

3% CHPHALANTHUS, Linn.
1, CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS, Linn.

Has. California, on the banks of the Sacramento and its trib-
utaries.—There are both broad and narrow-leaved forms in the col-
lection. The latter belong to the var. brachypodus, DC. 1. ec. ; and
C. salicifolius, H. B. K. is probably not distinct. The western plant
usually has shorter petioles than the eastern one. The leaves are
opposite, ternate, or rarely quarternate.

Orv. 4. VALERIANACES.

lVALERIANA, Tourn.
1, VALERIANA EDULIS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray.

Haz. Washington Territory, east of the: Cascade Mountains, in
moist, rocky plains; also in Western Oregon.—This is the famous
Black-root or Tobacco-root of the western Indians. It is thick and

84

334 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

tapering, black externally, with a tough, whitish interior. When
baked it is converted into a tolerable food, but is disagreeable to most
white people, and has the characteristic strong odor of the genus.

2, VALERIANA CAPITATA, Willd., var. Hooxeri, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Washington Territory, west of the Cascade Mountains; in
wet places on hillsides; common.

3. VALERIANA SYLVATICA, var. ULIGINOSA, Jor7. & Gray.

Has. On the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—The leaves
are quite glabrous (as they are in some other of our specimens of this

variety), and the radical ones as well as the cauline are pinnatifid.
®

2 PLECTRITIS, Lind.
1. Precrritis concesta, DC.

Has. Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory; in woods
and prairies.—A variable plant, both in size and form of the leaves:
sometimes it is short and stout, with broadly obovate leaves, and a
single roundish head of flowers; but more frequently it 1s slender,
elongated, with the inflorescence rather loose, in somewhat verticillate
distant cymules.

Orv. 43. COMPOSIT &.

By Asa GRAY.

1 BRICKELLIA, £u.
1. BrickELLIA CALIFoRNICA, Gray.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.—Accords with Douglas’s
specimens, on which this species was founded, and with others from
California.

2. BRICKELLIA OBLONGIFOLIA, Linn.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory, from the Kooskooskee to
the Walla-Walla River.

2 ADENOCAULON, Aook.
1. ADENOCAULON BICOLOR, Hook.

Has. Nisqually, and elsewhere on the coast of the northern part
of Oregon and of Washington Territory—The geographical dis-
tribution of this genus is interesting. It consists of three closely
related species, viz.: the present one, which extends eastward in the
wooded country to the eastern extremity of Lake Superior; A. Hima-
laicum, of the Himalayas; and A. Chilesne, of the Chilian Andes.

336 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3 NARDOSMIA, Cass.
1. NARDOSMIA PALMATA, Hook.

Tussilago palmata, Ait. Hort. Kew. (ed. 1) 3, p. 188. t. 11.
Nardosmia palmata, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 308; Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 98.
N. palmata, Hookeriana, & speciosa, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n. ser. 7, p. 288.

Has. Port Discovery, Nisqually, Puget Sound, &¢.—This species
extends on the western side of the continent from Sitcha south to
California (where the Russian collectors long ago gathered it, and
recently Dr. T. M. Bigelow), and eastward to the New England
States, Labrador, and Newfoundland. WN. frigida has a more northern
range, and doubtless includes both N. corymbosa and N. sagittata. As
to the genus, Fries has rightly enough reduced it to Petasttes, of winigh
it forms merely a radiate section.

4. LESSINGIA, Cham.

Char. emend. et auct. Capitulum 5-25-lorum, homochromum, homo-
gamum ; floribus omnibus hermaphroditis sew marginalibus abortu
staminum foeemineis. Corolle tubulose limbo 5-fido, marginales nune
pl. m. ampliatee et radiantes, limbo aut palmatifido aut regulari, lobis
lineari-oblongis cestivatione induplicatis, nervis valde intramargina-
libus. Involucrum pluriseriale, imbricatum, squamis linearibus ap-
pressis apice herbaceis vel acutatis. Receptaculum planum, alveolatum.
Anthere inclusee, appendice setacea terminate. Styli rami lineares,
plant (Asteroidearum), apice nunc truncato penicillato, nunc in appen-
dicem filiformi-subulatam desinente. Achenia compressa, subcunei-
Jormia, sericeo-villosa. Pauppus simplex, corolle brevior, setis rigidulis
meequalibus scabris scepe rujis—Herbe monocarpice, Californice, e
basi diffuse ramosee, floccose, mox sepius glabrate, alternifolie ; foliis
crasstusculis, caulinis sessilibus ; capitulis terminalibus vel axillaribus ;
floribus luteis deinde purpurascentibus seu albis.

Lesstnera, Cham. in Linnea, 4, p. 203, t. 2; Less. Syn. p. 388; DC. Prodr. 5,
p- 851; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2, p. 451; Gray in Benth. Pl. Hartw.
p. 314.

COMPOSITAE. ast

This Expedition has brought to light three new and very interestin g
species of Lessingia, which call for a revision and extension of the
generic character, as given above. The relationship of the genus
with Corethrogyne, among the Asterinew, is unquestionable and very
close. The principal differences are that the latter has true and
heterochromous ligules in place of the ampliate marginal flowers of
Lessingia, and sometimes a paleaceous receptacle. As already in-
dicated in the Plante Hartwegianz, the genus divides into two marked
sections. The first, or Lessingia proper, has from 18 to 24 flowers in
the capitulum, the truncate tips of the branches of the style bear
a penicillate tuft of hairs, and one species has an obscure setiform ap-
pendage, which is obsolete, if it really exists, in L. Germanorum. The
second section—which would naturally be taken for a distinct genus
if L. ramulosa and L. nana were unknown, and which still remains
well marked—has cylindraceous and few-flowered capitula, the
corollas all alike, and regularly- five-cleft, and the branches of the
style tipped with a long and slender appendage, the very hispid base
of which answers to the penicillate tuft of the typical species.

1. LessinerA GERMANORUM, Cham. (Tab. 7, A.)

Has. Herba-Buena, near San Francisco, California A very much-
branched and diffuse, low herb, soon glabrate; the branches slender.
Lower leaves spatulate, pinnatifid; the upper small, linear or oblong,
sparingly toothed, more or less granulose-glandular, as are the squar-
rose, herbaceous tips of the scales of the obconical involucre, which
is similar to that of Corethrogyne. Heads paniculate, terminating the
filiform branchlets, about 25-flowered. Marginal flowers mostly pal-
mate and explanate, forming a kind of ray, yellow, or turning to
purple with age, sometimes, I believe, destitute of stamens.

PLATE 7, A. LessineiA GeRMANOoRUM: plant, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Same with corolla laid open. 3. A stamen.
4, Style. 5. Branch of the same more magnified. [The tips incor-
rectly drawn.] Details more or less enlarged.

85

338 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. LESSINGIA RAMULOSA, Sp. Nov.

LL, dense lanata, demum subnuda, pumila; ramis e basi brevi validis
erectis gracilibus mono—oligocephalis; foliis radicalibus petiolatis lanceo-
lato-spathulatis parce dentatis, caulinis ovatis oblongis vel sublinearibus
sessilibus integerrimis, ramealibus minimis ovato-oblongis vel subsagit-
tatis ; capitulis pedunculatis ; involucro obconico 10-20-floro, squamis
apice virentibus vix aut ne vix squarrosis ; corollis marginalibus fere
regulariter quinquefidis ; styli ramis appendice brevi setiformi intra
penicillum abscondita cuspidatis.

Lessingia ramulosa, Gray in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 314.

Has, San Rafael, California. Also collected by Hartweg, near
Sonora, in the same district.—In the specimens of the Expedition, as
well as in those of Hartweg, the summit of the primary stem has
perished early, and has been succeeded by lateral branches from the
persistent base. The root is that of a biennial or winter-annual. The
heads are rather larger than those of the foregoing species; the invo-
lucre narrower and scarcely at all squarrose; and the difference
between the corollas of the marginal and central flowers, if any, is less
marked. The appendage to the branches of the style, which is obsolete
or wanting in L, Germanorum, is here evident, although hidden in the
centre of the penicillate tuft. The near affinity of this species with
L. Germanorum is evident; and it carries with it the two following
species. [Corollas probably white. |

3. LESSINGIA NANA, Sp. Nov. (Tab. 7, B.)

L. pygmea, undique lanosissima ; caulibus ramisve conglobato-confertis ;
Joliis integerrimis, radicalibus spathulatis oblongisve petiolatis, caulinis
lanceolatis seu linearibus rigidis cuspidatis sessilibus ; capitulis majus-
culis intra folia caulina arcte sessilibus ; involucro 10—-15-floro cylin-
draceo, squamis appressis coriaceo-chartaceis lanceolatis cuspidatis,
extumis subherbaceis, intimis albo-hyalinis in acumen gracile spinescens
discum subsuperans productis; corollis fere aqualibus regulariter
d-fidis; styla ramis apice breviter penicillatis ecappendiculatis,

Lessingia nana, Gray in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 315,

COMPOSITE. 339

Has. California, at the upper part of the Sacramento River. Also
gathered subsequently by the Rev. Mr. Fitch, probably in the same
district—A singular dwarf species, only an inch or two in height,
branching from the summit of a slender and evidently annual root;
the branches mostly simple, very woolly (as are the leaves), at least
when young, and crowded into a conglobate woolly mass, from which
the few closely sessile heads, with their bright rufous-purple pappus,
barely project their summits. Mr. Fitch’s specimen, however, is more
developed ; the numerous heads, crowded in the axils of the cauline
leaves, forming a dense leafy spike, two inches in length. Radical
leaves spatulate or oblong, an inch or more in length, including the
petiole; the cauline varying from oblong to linear, entire, cuspidate
or mucronate, closely sessile, crowded. Heads fully half an inch long,
closely sessile, cylindraceous or somewhat obconical; the scales of the
involucre rigid, pluriseriate, linear or lanceolate, mucronate or cus.
pidate, not squarrose, although the elongated inner scales become
recurved at maturity. These innermost scales are entirely scarious and
white, but of a firm texture, their long, tapering tips somewhat cor-
neous or spinescent, and contrasting strongly with the intensely rufous
pappus. Corollas white, in all the flowers regularly five-cleft into long
and linear lobes, the marginal ones not more ampliate than the
others. Branches of the style as in L. Germanorwm, but the peni-
cillate tuft shorter: setiform appendage none. The species is an eyi-
dent congener both of the preceding and of the following.

Prate 7, B. LessinerA nana. Plant, of natural size. Fig. 1. A
flower. 2. Genitalia. 3. A detached stamen. 4. Receptacle and
part of involucre. Details enlarged.

4, LESSINGIA VIRGATA, Sp. Nov.

L, dense floccoso-lanata, demum denudata; caule erecto ultrapedali ; ramis
virgatis ; foliis caulinis brevibus semi-amplexicaulibus oblongis imisve
spathulatis integerrimis, summis concavis appressis subsagittatis ; capr-
tulis ad axillas foliorum floralium sessilibus solitariis in spicam elon-
gatam virgatam subconfertis; involucri cylindracei 5-8-flori: squamis
muticis ; corollis regulariter quinquefidis, exterioribus parum ampli-
atis; styli ramis appendice longo-subulata hispida superatis ; pappo
corolla multo breviore.

5340 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Lessingia virgata, Gray in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 315, & in Pacif. Rail Road Rep.
6, p. 76.

Has. Upper part of the Sacramento River, California; also detected
in the same region by Dr. Newberry.—Stems one or two feet high,
from an annual or biennial root, virgate and slender, leafy, above once
or twice divided into virgate flowering branches, bearing a head in
the axil of all the upper leaves, so forming narrow virgate spikes.
Radical and lowest cauline leaves spatulate, an inch or more in length,
tapering into ashort petiole. Cauline leaves shorter and half-clasping;
those of the summit and of the flowering branches only three or four
lines long, erect, bract-like, concave or cymbeform, rather shorter
than the heads. Involucre cylindrical, three lines long, shorter than
the disk; the scales pluriserial, linear, obtuse and muticous, appressed,
when young woolly outside, at length glabrate. Flowers from 5 to 7
or sometimes 8, all alike, except that the outer ones have a slightly
larger, but regularly five-cleft (probably white) corolla, and a more
scanty pappus: in all the flowers the pappus barely equals the slender
tube of the corolla. The appendage of the styles, which is only
rudimentary in L. ramulosa, is here prolonged and subulate, and beset
with the bristles, which in its congeners form the penicillate tuft, the
larger part of them near its base.

0. MACH HRANTHERA, Nees.

1. MACH@HRANTHERA CANESCENS, Gray, var. INCANA.

Diplopappus ineanus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1693 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3882; DC. Prodr.
5, p. 278.
Dieteria incana, Torr. & Gray, Fl, N. Amer. 2, p. 100.

Has. Oregon; the locality not recorded.—A single specimen, man-
ifestly Lindley’s Diplopappus incanus, but only a large-flowered,
narrow-leaved, and hoary form of Aster canescens, Pursh (Macheranthera
canescens, Gray, Pl., Wright, &c.), of which all Nuttall’s species of
Dieteria are forms, except his D. coronopifolia; and that is the original
Macheranthera tanacetifolia.

COMPOSITA., 341

6. ASTER, Tourn.
1. AstER conspricuus, Lindi.

Aster conspicuus, Lind]. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 7, & in DC. Prodr. 5, p. 230;
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 107; Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 240.

Has. Between Spokane and Fort Colville, and elsewhere in
Oregon. Also, a dwarf state, in California, on ridges, said to have
been gathered near San Francisco, where this northern species would
not have been expected. [This form is evidently A. radulinus, Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8, p. 388.]

2. AsTER CHAMISSONIS, Gray.

Aster Chilensis, Nees, Ast. p. 123; DC. Prodr. 5, p. 245; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 112.
A, spectabilis? Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 146.
A. Durandi, Durand & Hilgard in Pacif. R. R. Surv. 5, p- 8, sine char., vix Nutt.

Has. Near San Francisco, California; and on the lower part of the
Sacramento.—There is much doubt and confusion about the habitat
of the American plants of Hanke’s collection. Several described as
Peruvian or Chilian prove to be Californian. This Aster Chilensis, not
found in Chili by any other traveller, is obviously one of the number.
[The name of A. Chamissonis is applied to this species in the Flora of
California, ined., A. Chilensis being a false name. |

3. AsTER Menzixsi, Lindl. (Tab. 8.)

Has. Upper Sacramento River, California.—The specimen figured
answers well, we believe, to the original collected by Menzies, in Cal-
ifornia, according to the Banksian herbarium, or on the Northwest
Coast, according to that of Hooker. Another form, approaching A. fal-
catus, Lindl. (which is probably of the same species), was collected on
the lower part of the Sacramento. The species proves to have no
particular relationship to A. concolor. Even the pubescence is different,

and this is inconstant.
86

342 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Puate 8. Aster Menziesit: a flowering branch. Fig. 1. A ray
flower. 2.Itsstyle. 3. Hermaphrodite flower. 4. Separated stamen.
5. Style. The details magnified.

4, Aster Novi-Beteu, Linn. ?

Has. Vicinity of Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.

5. Aster Dovueuasi, Lindl. 1. c.

Has. California, on the Sacramento River.—The specimens are
varieties of an apparently polymorphous species of the Pacific Coast,
of which Lindley’s A. Douglasii may be taken as the type, and to
which most of his A. /axifolius also belongs. To clear up our Asters
requires a special study, and space not here at our disposal. It may
here be mentioned that the veritable specimens of A. Douglasii lie in
the Candollean herbarium unnamed, and this name is applied in that
herbarium to a specimen of Erigeron corymbosum or E. decumbens of
Nuttall, from Douglas’s collection.

7. ERIGERON, Linn.
1. HERIGERON (CNOTUS) CANADENSE, Linn.
Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory. A depauperate form, San
Francisco, &c., California.
2. ERIGERON COMPOSITUM, Pursh.

Has. Kooskooskee, Oregon; and between the Cascade Mountains
and the Upper Columbia River.—This species extends not only to the
Arctic Sea but also to Greenland. It probably includes £. trifidum,
Hook., and #. pedatum, Nutt.

3, ERIGERON DIVERGENS, Nutt.

Has. On the Walla-Walla, Oregon.—It has been confounded with
E. Bellidiastrum, Nutt., but has a double pappus, &c.

COMPOSITA. 343

4, ERIGERON PaILApELPHicum, Linn.

Haz. Washington Territory, between Spokane and Fort Colville.
Extends through California.

5. ERIGERON speciosum, DC.

Has. Nisqually, Spipen River, and elsewhere: Oregon and Wash-
ington Territory.

6. ERIGERON GLAUCUM, Ker.

Has. San Francisco, California; on the seashore.—This is certainly
the Woodvilleca calendulacea of De Candolle, founded on specimens
from which the violet color of the rays had been discharged.

7. ERIGERON PumiLuM, Nutt.

Has. Between Spipen River and the north fork of the Columbia.
Somewhat farther west than before recorded.

8. EricERon concinnum, Torr. & Gray.

Has. North fork of the Columbia River. Farther northwest than
before known.

9. ErigzRon stricosum, Muhi.
Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory—A slender and panicu-
lately branched form of the species.
10. Erigeron corymposum, Nutt.

Has. On the Kooskooskee, &.: in two forms, one approaching
E.. decumbens, which probably is a form of E. folioswm.

344 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

11. ErigrRon FILIFOLIUM, Nutt.

Has. Spipen River, Walla-Walla, and north fork of the Columbia.—
In dried specimens the rays appear to have been yellow, but they are
said to be white, or sometimes tinged with purple or pink.

8. SERICOCARPUS, Mees.
1. SERICOCARPUS RIGIDUS, Lindl.
Has. Washington Territory, between Satchap River and Gray’s
Harbor.
9 TOWNSENDIA, Aook.
1. TOWNSENDIA STRIGOSA, Nutt.
Has. Banks of the Walla-Walla, and of the north branch of the
Columbia.
10. GUTIERREZIA, Lagasca.

1. GutreRREzZIA EutHamia, Torr. & Gray.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California—In two forms, one answer-
ing to G. Huthamie, the other to G. Californica; but the two are
probably only forms of one species, although the scattered heads of
the latter are larger.

ll. SOLIDAGO, Linn.
1. SoLIDAGO CONFERTIFLORA, DC.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory.—A form with the panicle
comparatively lax and slender. _

COMPOSITA. 345

2. SOLIDAGO spicirorMis, Zorr. & Gray.
Has. Lower part of the Sacramento River, California. It is com-
mon down to Monterey.
3. SOLIDAGO CaLirornica, Nut.

Has. California, in the valley of the Sacramento River.

4, SoLIDAGO ELONGATA, Nutt.

Has, San Francisco, California: Oregon, the station not recorded
Also Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory ; a doubtful variety, which
is the analogue of S. procera of the Eastern States.

5. SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS, Linn.
Has. Oregon.— Apparently identical with some of the smoother
forms of the eastern 8. Canadensis.
6. SOLIDAGO GIGANTEA, Ait.

Has. Vicinity of Fort Vancouver; a western form of a mainly
eastern species of wide range.

7. Sotipaco (EuTHAMIA) OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt,

Has. San Francisco, California, and southern part of Oregon.

12, LINOSYRIS, Lobel.
1. Linosyris (CHRYSOTHAMNUS) GRAVEOLENS, Torr. & Gray.
Has. Willamette River, &c., Oregon, to the northern part of Cal-

ifornia.
87

346 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. Linosyris (CHRYSOTHAMNUS) VISCIDIFLORA, Hook.

Has, Fort Okanagan and elsewhere in the interior of Oregon.
[These are now properly distinguished from Linosyris of the Old
World, and united with Bigelovia, which becomes a very considerable
genus. This now becomes Bigelovia Douglasii, Gray. |

183. APLOPAPPUS, Cass.
1. APLOPAPPUS (ERICAMERIA) RESINOSUS (Tab. 10).

Has. California, on the upper waters of the Sacramento. [This
proves, upon re-examination, not to be Nuttall’s Ericameria resinosa,
as was thought.] It is really a slender form of the Aplopappus (Eri-
cameria) Bloomeri, Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 6, p. 541, & 7, p. 354,

viz. its var. angustatus.

PLATE 10. APLOPAPPUS RESINOSUS, melius A. BLOOMERI var. ANGUS-
TATUS. Flowering branch. Fig. 1. A ray flower. 2. A disk flower.
3. A detached stamen. 4. Style of disk flower. 5. Receptacle and
scales of involucre. The details variously magnified.

2. APLOPAPPUS (ERICAMERIA) ERICOIDES, Hook. & Arn.

Has. California, near San Francisco, where it abounds.—On the
whole it appears to be impracticable to retain Nuttall’s genus Evica-
Mer.

3. APLOPAPPUS (APLOopIScUS) MeEnzixzsu, Zorr. & Gray.

Has. California, bay of San Francisco. [A connecting form be-
tween Aplopappus and Torrey & Gray’s Linosyris, referred to the
latter in Plantae Wrightiane. It now becomes Bigelovia (Aplodiscus)
Menziesii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8, p. 644.]

COMPOSITA!. | 347

4. APLOPAPPUS (STENOTUS) STENOPHYLLUS, Sp. Nov.

A. fruticosus, ceespitoso-ramosus, spithameeus, hirtello-scaber ; foliis crebris
rigidulis angustissime linearibus (vmis subspathulatis) deorsum attenu-
atis uninerviis ; pedunculis ramos terminantibus Jere nudis mono-
cephalis ; involucro tantum biseriali, squamis lanceolatis acutis sub-
equalibus dorso glandulosis ; ligulis 8-11 ; pappo albido.,

Has. Between Spipen River and the north fork of the Columbia,
Washington Territory—A_ shrubby plant, about a span high, the
crowded branches forming tufts, above thickly beset with the rather
rigid, lariciform leaves. These are scarcely an inch long, and the
widest less than a line wide, rather obscurely one-nerved, minutely
glandular-scabrous, tapering from near the apex to the base, not dis-
tinctly petioled. Peduncles single, terminating the branches of the
season, an inch or less in length, nearly leafless, glandular. Head
4 lines in diameter. Involucre almost simple; the scales lanceolate,
acute, glandular-pubescent, and with narrow scarious margins, nearly
equalling the disk. Rays 8-11, oblong, yellow. Achemia oblong-
obovate, compressed, silky-villous, about the length of the soft, white
pappus.

0. APLOPAPPUS (STENOTUS) LANUGINOSUS, Sp. Nov.

A. floccoso-lanuginosus ; caulibus simplicibus herbaceis e caudice lignes-
cente inferne foliosis apice nudis monocephalis ; folits mollibus lineari-
spathulatis in petiolum attenuatis, summis fere Jiliformibus ; involucri
laxt squamis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis subcequalibus margine sca-
riosis ; ligules 15-20; pappo albo.

Has. Upper part of the north fork of the Columbia River, in open
places.—Plant apparently forming tufts from a somewhat lizneous
caudex; the stems a span or more in height, herbaceous, erect, simple,
moderately leafy below, the whole plant floccose-woolly. Lower and
radical leaves 2 or 3 inches long, including the slender petiole, 2 or 3
lines wide towards the apex, soft, not at all rigid, entire, mostly obtuse,
obscurely 3-nerved by transmitted light; the uppermost reduced to
almost filiform bracts. Heads as large as those of A. (Stenotus) lineari-

348 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

folius; the involucre, &c., similar, except that it is loosely woolly; the
pappus, achemia, &c., very similar.—This connects A. (Stenotus)
linearifolius, DC., with species of the section Inulopsis, DC. (Arnicella,
Torr. & Gray), so weakening the claim of Stenotus, Nutt., to a generic
standing. |

144. AMMODITIA, Nutt.
1. AMMODIA OREGANA, Nutt.

Has. Banks of the Kooskooskee, Walla-Walla, and Willamette,
Oregon. [Now referred to Chrysopsis.]

1. GRINDELIA, Willd.
1. GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA, Hook. & Arn.

Has. San Francisco, California; Nisqually and Gray’s Harbor,
Puget Sound: forms approaching G. integrifolia, DC., which is ap-
parently reducible to a variety of this species. Fraser's River, Dr.
Holmes: a rather dwarf state, not well distinguishable from the
Californian plant.

2. GRINDELIA RoBUSTA, Nutt.
Has. California, in the vicinity of San Francisco: forms approach-
ing G. squarrosa in aspect.
3. GRINDELIA NANA, Nutt.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory, on the Walla-Walla, &c.
This is the G. humilis of Torrey & Gray’s Flora, excluding the rayless
variety, but the original of that species, from California, appears to
be something different.

4, GRINDELIA CUNEIFOLIA, Nutt.

Has. California, on and near the coast, and the lower Sacramento,

COMPOSITAE. 349

16. CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt
1. CuRysopsis vitLosa, Nutt.

Has. On the Kooskooskee, Willamette, &c.; in various forms.

2. CHRYSOPSIS SESSILIFLORA, Nutt.

Has. California, on the lower Sacramento, near San Francisco, &e. :
with the var. echioides (C. echioides, Benth.), or a form near it.

17, BACCHARIS, Linn.
J. BAccCHARIS CONSANGUINEA, DC.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, and lower part of the Sacramento
River, California —B, pilularis, DC., is a form of the same species,
and should, perhaps, give the name to be adopted.

2. Baccuaris Doveiasu, DC.

Has. California; with the preceding.—The receptacle is conical.

18. PLUCHEA, Cass,

1, PrucnEA cAmpHorata, DC., Torr. & Gray.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California.—A single specimen, ap-
parently of the species of the Atlantic Coast. As it has not been re-
ceived from any other collector, we suspect the seeds may have been
carried in ballast from New York or Boston. [Again and recently
collected by Dr. Bolander. As it occurs in Southern Nevada and
Arizona it is probably indigenous. ]

88

350 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

19. IVA, Linn.
1. IvA AXILLARIS, Pursh.

Var. PUBESCENS: pube villosa cinerea ; involucri cyathiformis squamis
usque ad apicem plerumque connatis.

Iva foliosa, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 346, forma pilosior.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California—A remarkable variety,
quite villous, with lax or spreading hairs; also a specimen of the
normal type. Between the Spokane and the Okanagan Rivers,
Oregon; merely cinereous-pubescent; the involucral scales sometimes
connate to the summit, as in the variety, sometimes distinct half way
down.

20. AMBROSTA, Tourn.
1. AMBROSIA PSILOSTACHYA, DC.

Ambrosia psilostachya, DC. Prodr. 5. p. 526; Gray, Pl. Wright, 1, p. 104, & 2, p. 86.
A. Lindheimeriana & A. glandulosa, Scheele in Linnea, 22, p- 156.
A. coronopifolia, Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 291.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, and on the Sacramento, California.
Also collected in California by Coulter.

21 FRANSERIA, Caw.
1, FRANSERIA CHAMISSONIS, Less.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, and Bay of San Fran-
cisco, California; the var. cuneifolia, Torr. & Gray, or F. cuneifolia,
Nutt. We have not yet seen any specimens with roundish-elliptical
leaves.

COMPOSITA. 351

2. FRANSERIA BIPINNATIFIDA, Nutt.
Has. Nisqually, Oregon; San Francisco, California.— With smaller,
more finely cut, and more canescently hairy leaves than the Oregon

plant, but identical with Douglas's California specimens; apparently
also with Nuttall’s / pumila.

3. FRANSERIA Hooxerrana, Nutt.
Has. On the Walla-Walla, Washington Territory, &.—Not yet
flowering.
22. XANTHIUM, Tourn.

1. XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM, Linn.

Var, CANADENSE, Torr. & Gray, and var. ECHINATUM, Gray.

Has. On the Sacramento, California, both the above-mentioned
varieties; and on the Walla-Walla, Washington Territory, the var.
echinatum (X. echinatum, Murray, &c.), just like the plant of the
Atlantic Coast.

23. WYETHIA, Mutt.

1, WyeETHiA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Nutt.

Has, California, near San Francisco, and on the Sacramento; in
fruit only.

2. WYETHIA AMPLEXICAULIS, Nutt. 1. c.

Has. Washington Territory east of the Cascade Mountains.

352 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

244. BALSAMORHIZA, Hook. Nutt.

1. BatsamoruizA Hooxert, Nutt.

Balsamorhiza Hookeri, terebinthacea, & hirsuta, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n.
ser. 7, p. 8349; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. ¢.

Heliopsis? Balsamorhiza & terebinthacea, Hook, Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 810.

Has. Between Spipen River and the north branch of the Columbia;
the form named B Hookeri by Nuttall, more silky-hairy than his B.
hirsuta, which is just Hooker's Heliopsis? Balsamorhiza. Also, gathered
in the same district, the variety with the leaves barely serrate towards

the apex, and pectinately or laciniately toothed towards the base, the
Hf. ? terebinthacea, Hook, 1. c.

2. BALSAMORHIZA SAGITTATA, Nutt.

Balsamorhiza sagittata & B. helianthoides, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1. ¢.

Espeletia sagittata & E. helianthoides, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 38, t. 4;
Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 82.

Has. Interior of Oregon; the station not given.

3. BALSAMORHIZA DELTOIDEA, Nutt. (Tab. 11.)

Has. Nisqually and Port Discovery, Washington Territory.—B.

glabrescens, Benth. Pl. Hartw., p. 317 (no. 1785), is apparently a form

of the same species with very entire leaves.

PuatE 11. BasAmorniza peLToIDEA. Fig. 1. A ray flower. 2. A

disk flower. 3. A detached stamen. 4. Style of a disk flower. The
details magnified.

COMPOSITAE. 3538

4, BatsamoruizA CAREYANA, Gray.
Balsamorhiza Careyana, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 81, adn. Mr. Spalding.

Haz. Interior of Oregon or of Washington Territory, on the
Walla-Walla.—Specimens in flower, and with thin cinereous leaves;
and others in fruit, with adult, chartaceous, reticulated, and scabrous

leaves. Remarkable for the persistent and papery rays; but really
of this genus.

25. RUDBECKIA, Linn.
1. RUDBECKIA OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt, 1. c.

Var. SCABRA : foliis plerisque dentatis utrinque hirtello-scabris,

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, on the Kooskooskee River ;
the form with nearly smooth and entire leaves; the upper ones sessile
by a broad base. Oregon, between Willamette and California; the
rough-leaved variety, otherwise resembling Nuttall’s specimens, most

of the leaves sparingly toothed, all of them contracted at the base
into a marginal petiole.

26. HELIANTHUS, Linn.
1. HELIANTHUS PETIOLARIS, Nutt.
Has. Fort Okanagan and Rogue River, Washington Territory; and

in California on the lower part of the Sacramento.

2. HELIANTHUS CaLIForNicus, DC.

Has, On the lower part of the Sacramento, California.
89

354 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

27. HELIANT HELLA, Zorr. & Gray.
1, HELIANTHELLA LANCEOLATA, Jorr. & Gray.
Has. Interior of Oregon or Washington Territory, at Fort Oka-

nagan and on the Kooskooskee, where it was also collected by the
Rev. Mr. Spalding.

28. COREOPSIS, Lina.
1. CorEopsis ATKINSONIANA, Dougl.

Has. Oregon; the station not given.—Root evidently biennial.

29. BIDENS, Tourn.
1. Bivens ceruna, Linn., var. ELATA, Torr. & Gray.
2. BipEeNs Fronposa, Linn.
3. BIpDENS BIPINNATA, Linn. ?
Has. California; the latter at San Francisco (specimen too poor

for determination) ; the others on the lower part of the Sacramento:
western representatives of common eastern species.

30. GAILLARDIA, Foug.
1. GAILLARDIA ARISTATA, Pursh.

Has. Oregon; widely diffused and common ; the western represen-
tative of this mainly Atlantic North American genus.

COMPOSITA. 355

31. CHA NACTIS, DC.
1. Cumnactis Douciasu, Hook. & Arn.

Cheenactis Douglasit, & C. achilleefolia, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 354;

Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 371.
Hymenopappus Douglasii, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 316.
Macrocarphus Douglasii & M. achilleefolius, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. 1. ¢.

Has. Oregon; common in prairies. The two so-called species are

clearly only one.

32,5 HYMENOPAPPUS, LFer.
1. Hymenopaprus FILiroiius, Hook.

Has, Oregon, on the Walla-Walla River: a species of the great
plains eastward.

338. BAHIA, Lag.
1, Banta (ERIOPHYLLUM) ARACHNOIDEA, Fisch. & Lallem.
Bahia arachnoidea, Fisch. & Lallem. Ind. Sem. 1842; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 100,
adn., & in Pacif. R. R. Surv. 4, p. 105.
B. latifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 30.

Has. San Francisco, California, where it abounds.

2. Banta (ERIOPHYLLUM) LANATA, Nutt.

Has. Puget Sound, Gray’s Harbor, Nisqually, &c.; mostly the
slender form, B. tenuifolia, DC.

356 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. BanIA (ERIOPHYLLUM) LEUCOPHYLLA, DO.

Has. Spokane, Kooskooskee, Fort Okanagan, and elsewhere in the
interior of Oregon.

4, Banta (ERtopHyLtum) conrrrtiriora, DO.

Has. California, on the shores of the Bay of San Francisco and
elsewhere,

0. Banta (ERIOPHYLLUM) ARTEMISLHFOLIA, Less.

Has. Bay of San Francisco; common on the coast.

34. BAERIA, Fisher & Meyer.
1. BAERIA ULIGINOSA, Var. TENELLA.

Dicheta tenella, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 883; Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 2, p. 380.

Has. California, in the vicinity of San Francisco.—Only a depau-

perate form of Nuttall’s Dicheta uliginosa; which genus we had
reduced to Burrielia [but, following Bentham, now refer to Baeria].

30. ACTINELLA, Pes.
1. ActinELLA RicHarpsonu, Nutt, 1. c.

Has. Between the Willamette and California.—Well figured by
Hooker under the name of Picradenia Richardsoniti.

COMPOSITAE. 357

36. HELENIUM, Linn.

1. HELENIUM AUTUMNALE, Linn.

Has. Between the Willamette and California; the var. grandiflorum,
Hf. grandiflorum of Nuttall; differing from the eastern plant in its
greater size.

2. HELENIUM PUBERULUM, DC.

Has. On the Rio Sacramento, California, &c.: common near the coast.

37 BLEPHARIPAPPUS, Zook.
1. BLEPHARIPAPPUS SCABER, Hook.

Has. Interior of Oregon; on the Kooskooskee River, &c.: common.

88. LAYIA, Hook. & Arn.
1. Layra (MapARoGLossa) GLANDULOSA, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Oregon, on the Walla-Walla River, and elsewhere.

39. HEMIZONTA, DC

1. Hemizonia LuzuLa#rouia, DC.

Has. California, near San Francisco, where it abounds.—Flowers
white, opening only in bright sunshine.

2. HEMIzonia RupDIS, Benth,
Hemizonia rudis, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 31.

Has. On the lower part of the Sacramento, California. Also gath-
"90

358 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

ered by Fremont, Dr. Bloomer, &c. A species closely allied to the
next; but more glandular-viscid, generally very much so, and with
smaller heads, fewer and broader involucral scales, &c.

3. HEMIZONIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, DC.

Hemizonia angustifolia, DC. Prodr. 5, p. 692; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 398,
excl. syn.

H. multicaulis, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 355.

H. decumbens, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. p. 175.

Has. Near San Francisco, California; common all along the coast

regions.

4, HEMIZONIA PUNGENS, Zorr. & Gray, Ize.

Has. California, on the lower part of the Rio Sacramento: com-
mon on dry hills.

). Hemizonia Fircam, Gray.
Hemizonia Fitchii, Gray in Bot. Mex. Bound. Sury, p- 109.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, near Sutter's, California; in dry
places.—This is a more advanced, polycephalous, and rigid state of
the species than that which was described in the Botany of the Mex-
ican Boundary Survey. The pinnatifid lower cauline leaves have
mostly disappeared ; all the rest are entire, linear-acerose, rigid and
pungent. The heads, &c., accord well with the published description,
but the mature achenia show scarcely any stipe.

40. CALYCADENTA, DG
1. CALYCADENIA VILLosa, DC,

Has, California; valley of the Sacramento below Sutter’s.—The
genus is too close to Hemizonia,

COMPOSITA. 359

2. CALYCADENIA TRUNCATA, DC.

Has. California, along the upper part of the Sacramento River.

41. LAGOPHYLLA, Mutt.

1, LAGOPHYLLA RAMOosIssIMA, Nutt.

Has. Washington Territory, between Spokane and Fort Colville;
also between the Willamette and California.

42, ANISOCARPUS, Mutt.
1. ANISOCARPUS MADIOIDES, Nutt.
Has. Nisqually, and elsewhere in woody places, Oregon. [ This

and the four following genera are now appropriately reduced to Madia
by Bentham and Hooker. |

43. MADARIA, DC.
1. MApAriA ELEGANS, DC.
Has. California, at San Francisco, and on the Sacramento.—A

polymorphous species, which evidently includes M. corymbosa, End-
licher, Iconogr. t. 36, and If. racemosa of Nuttall.

44. MADIA, Molina.
1. Mapra sativa, Molina.

Has, San Francisco, California; appearing as if indigenous to the
Northern Continent; but perhaps only of Chilian origin.

360 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. Mania pissitirtora, Zorr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

Has. Interior of Oregon; the station not recorded; but it is not
uncommon throughout the region.

45. AMIDA, Mutt.
1. AmipA HirsutA, Nutt. 1. ¢.

Has. Between the Willamette River and California; not rare on

the interior plains.

46. HARP AHCARPUS, Mutt.
1. HARPACARPUS MADARIOIDES, Nutt. 7. c,

Has. Oregon; the station not recorded; rather common both in
Oregon and California.

47, JAUMEA, Pers.
1. JAUMEA CARNOSA.
Coinogyne carnosa, Less. in Linnea, 6, p. 520; DO. Prodr. 6, p. 41. ©

Has. In salt marshes, Gray’s Harbor, Puget Sound; and Bay of
San Francisco, California—This belongs to the Héleniew, notwith-
standing the absence of pappus, and must be regarded as the epappose
state of the genus Jawmea, of the southeastern coast of America.
[A view now already taken by Bentham and Hooker, but without
referring to the absence of pappus in this northern species. |

COMPOSITAE. : 361

48. ACHILLEA, Linn.
1, AcuILLEA Minueroxium, Linn.

Has, Abundant in Washington Territory, Oregon, and California,
apparently even more so than in Eastern North America, where it is
rarely met with in situations which show it to be unequivocally in-
digenous.

49. MATRICARIA, Linn.
1, Marricarta (ANACTIDEA) DIScorDEA, DC.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, between Spokane and Fort
Colville. Also (winter vestiges) Bay of San Francisco, California.—
This is common from California to Unalaschka, and occurs also on
the northeastern coast of Siberia. It has (probably recently) found
its way to the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri, where, according to Dr.
Engelmann, it is a weed on both sides of the Mississippi. It equally
occurs in Sweden, where, according to Fries, it has for many years
abounded in the vicinity of Upsal, growing with Maruta Cotula. It
will be well to notice if it continues to extend its range.

50. TANACETUM, Linn.

1, Tanacetum Huronense, Nutt.

Has. Coast of Washington Territory, at Gray’s Harbor, &c., and
of California at San Francisco.—This has extended eastward to the
upper Great Lakes and Hudson’s Bay.

91

362 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

51. ARTEMISIA, Linn.

1. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES, Pursh, Torr. & Gray.

Has. California, on the Sacramento and near San Francisco.
Farther west than before known. This, with A. glauca, should per-
haps be joined to A. dracunculus.

2. ARTEMISIA CANADENSIS, Michx., Torr. & Gray.
Has. Okanagan and Nisqually, Washington Territory; the silky-

leaved form.

3. ARTEMISIA CANA, Pursh ?

Has. Between Spipen River and the north fork of the Columbia
River, Washington Territory—With only vestiges of flowers, and
therefore of uncertain determination.

4, ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA, Nutt.

Has. On the Walla-Walla, &c., Oregon. The principal “sage-
bush” of the interior plains.

5, ARTEMISIA TRIFIDA, Nutt.

Has. On the north fork of the Columbia River, the plains east of
the Cascade Mountains, &c.

6. ArtemistA LupovicraAna, Nutt.

Has. Washington Territory, between Spokane and Colville; a
variety with laciniated leaves. California, on the Sacramento and
near San Francisco; the varieties latiloba and gnaphalodes. Walla-
Walla River, &., Oregon ; a variety of this polymorphous species with
pinnatifid leaves and narrow segments, probably A. Hookeriana, Besser.

COMPOSITA. 363

7. ARTEMISIA TrLesit, Ledeb.

Has. Point Discovery, &c., Washington Territory. Probably only
a form of A. vulgaris.

8. ARTEMISIA PYCNOCEPHALA, DC.

Has. California; common in the vicinity of San Francisco, where
it was collected by Chamisso.

9. ARTEMISIA BIENNIS, Willd.

Has. San Francisco, California.—Specimens depauperate and too
young, but apparently of this species, not before detected on the
Pacific Coast. It occurs in the Himalayas.

10. Artemisia CALIFORNICA, Less.

Artemisia Californica, Less. in Linnea, 6, p. 523; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 150;
Bess. in Linnzea, 15, pp. 938, 109; Torr. & Gray, 1. c., p. 424.

A, Fischeriana, Bess. in DC. Prodr. 6, p. 105; Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

A. abrotanoides & A. foliosa, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. n. ser. 7, p. 397.

Has. San Francisco and on the lower part of the Sacramento,
California.

52. GNAPHALIUM, Linn.

1, GNAPHALIUM RAMOSISSIMUM, Nuit.

Gnaphalium ramosissimum, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Jour. Acad. Philad., n. ser. 1,
p. 173.

G. Sprengelit ? var. erubescens, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 403.

G. Californicum, var.? Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 426.

Has. San Francisco, California (where it was also gathered by Mr.
Barclay); with slightly rose-tinted involucre; and on the Sacramento,

364 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

without the rose-tint.—Apparently a pretty well-marked species, with
smaller heads than those of G. Californicum, panicled on numerous
slender branches, the scales of the somewhat turbinate involucre
yellowish-white or sordid, sometimes tinged with rose-color, not sil-
very-white, narrower, and mostly somewhat pointed. Herbage glan-
dular and odorous.—Whether G. Californicum is specifically distinct
from G. decurrens is still uncertain, but we have the latter from Fraser
River, Northwest America, collected by Mr. Wallace.

2. GNAPHALIUM SPRENGELU, Hook. & Arn.

Haz. Bay of San Francisco, California.—A great part of the spe-
cimens which we have from time to time referred to this species per-
haps belong to the following; but this can hardly be the case with the
present specimens, which resemble those of Hartweg’s No. 1811, except
that the involucre is whiter.

3. GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Puget Sound, and in California, common.—
To this belongs the greater part of what has been called G. Sprengelii.
Still the American plants do not well accord with the European
G. luteo-allum.

4, GNAPHALIUM PALUSTRE, Nutt.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Oregon, and, in Cali-
fornia, on the Sacramento, &c.

5, GNAPHALIUM (GAMOCHATA) PURPUREUM, Linn.

Has. San Francisco, California—This species (for which the Lin-
nan name claims to be retained), as Dr. Hooker (Fl. Antare. 2, p.
309) and Weddell (Chloris Andina, 1, p. 229) agree, embraces all the
American species of the group, which Weddell has on plausible grounds
raised to the rank of a genus. Nuttall’s G wstwlatum must be one of
the many forms of the species.

COMPOSITAE. 365

53. ANTENNARIA, Gerin.

1. ANTENNARIA (MARGARIPES) MARGARITACEA, R. Br.

Has. Puget Sound, and in California near San Francisco.—Upon
grounds which appear to be tenable, Weddell separates this from An-
tennaria proper, and refers it to Helichrysum ; but the systematic value
of the union of the bristles of the pappus in this subtribe requires to
be further tested. [Bentham and Hooker, in Gen. Pl. 2, p. 303, refer
the plant to Anaphalis, A. margaritacea. | |

2. ANTENNARIA RACEMOSA, Hook.

Has. Mountains and interior plains of Washington Territory.—
The western analogue of A. plantaginifolia (which, however, itself
occurs in the region) as to foliage; but the loose racemose or panicle
is peculiar; also the slightly 2-cleft style.

3. ANTENNARIA DIOICA, Gorin.

Has. Nisqually, and between Colville and Spokane, and elsewhere
in Washington Territory. There is also, from the same interior region
of the Upper Columbia, a state with remarkably tall and leafy stems,
probably of this species, but too young for determination.

4, ANTENNARIA CARPATHICA, 2. Br.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory; the male of the tall var.
pulcherrima, Hook., with remarkably white involucral scales.

5, ANTENNARIA LUZULOIDES, Jorr. & Gray.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, between Spokane, Colville
and the Kooskooskee.—Both sexes were collected. The inner invo-
lucral scales of the female are smaller, narrower, and more scarious

92

366 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

than those of the male, but obtuse or obtusish. Bentham’s A. ar-
gentea (also collected in California by Dr. Bigelow) is a variety with
somewhat larger heads and broader leaves, especially the lowest,
verging towards the ambiguous var. pulcherrima, Hook., of A. Car-
pathica, which appears to have the bristles of the male pappus more
strongly clavate than in the European A. Carpathica. In <A. luzuloides
the enlargement is still greater.

6. ANTENNARIA ALPINA, Gertn.

Var.? stenophylla: caulibus floridis spithameis foliossimis ; foliis angus-
tissime elongato-linearibus cano-lanuginosis,

Has. Between Spipen River and the north fork of the Columbia.—
This is to the ordinary A. alpina nearly what A. luzuloides is to the
Kuropean A, Carpathica. The fuscous involucre is that of A. alpina;
the male pappus, as in that species, moderately thickened upwards;
but the stems and leaves are very white with appressed wool; the
former leafy to the top; the leaves all remarkably long and narrow,
even the lowest less than a line wide and fully three inches long.

7, ANTENNARIA DIMORPHA, Zorr. & Gray.

Antennaria dimorpha, Torr, & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 431.
Gnaphalium (Omalotheca, Heterophania) dimorphum, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soe. n. ser. 7, p. 405.

Var. FLAGELLARIS : caudice simplici inter folia stolones filiformes primum
erectos emitiente.

Has. Between Spipen River and the north fork of the Columbia,
Washington Territory; the male plant of the ordinary form, and
(scantily) the female of the var. flagellaris—Nuttall describes the A.
dimorpha as stoloniferous ; but we have seen only creeping rootstocks,
except in the remarkable specimens here characterized. Except for
those slender and naked runners, about three inches long, the plants
appear to be only A. dimorpha, less tufted than usual, perhaps younger,
and laxer. The female pappus is deciduous in a ring, as in Antennaria.
At first sight this variety seems to be wholly distinct, but probably is
not so.

COMPOSITA. 367

o44. SENECIO, Linn
1. SENECIO AUREUS, Linn.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, at various stations; the
typical form, and a state of the var. Balsamite (8. Plattensis, Nutt.)
from Okanagan; also the var. borealis, from the eastern side of the
Cascade Mountains.

2, SENECIO cANUS, Hook.
Has. Interior of Washington Territory; forms approaching states

of the last, much as do forms of the analogous S. tomentosus along the
Alleghanies.

_ 3, SENECIO FASTIGIATUS, Nutt.

Has. Between Spipen River and the north fork of the Columbia.—
Certainly identical with Nuttall’s plant, but probably an entire-leaved
form of S. canus.

4, SENECIO EXALTATUS, Nutt,

Has. Between Okanagan and Grand Coulee, Washington Terri-
tory.—Probably a mere variety of S. dugens, which occurs in the
Rocky Mountains a little further north.

5, SENECIO HYDROPHILUS, Nutt.

Has. Interior of Oregon; and on the Sacramento River, Cali-
fornia.

368 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

6. Senecio Anpinus, Nutt.

Has. Washington Territory, between the Spokane and Fort Col-
ville; also between the Kooskooskee and the Walla-Walla.—Accords
with Nuttall’s own specimens; but the leaves are mostly denticulate,
and none of them cordate or even abrupt at the base.

0. TETRADYMIA, DG
1. TETRADYMIA CANESCENS, DC.

Haz. North fork of the Columbia, Washington Territory; same as
the Douglasian plant, which was also collected by Mr. Spalding on the
Kooskooskee. Between the Willamette and California, with rather
shorter leaves; clearly uniting 7. inermis of Nuttall with the original
species.

56. CROCIDIUM, Abook.
1, CRocIDIUM MULTICAULE, Hook,

Has. Oregon; the station not recorded; doubtless towards the
coast.

67. ARNICA, Linn.
1, ARNICA MOLLIS, Hook.

Has. Oregon or Washington Territory; the station not given.

2. ARNICA LATIFOLIA, Bong.
3. ARNICA CORDIFOLIA, Hook.

Has. Washington Territory; the station not recorded, but both
Species are common in all the woody region.

COMPOSITAE. 369

4, ARNICA ‘ALPINA, Vahl., var.

Has. North fork of the Columbia River.—A tall variety, one of
those which approach the narrower-leaved forms of A. Chamissonis.

58. CENTAUREA, Linn.

1. CENTAUREA Me titensis, Linn.

Has. San Rafael, California. Doubtless adventive from Kurope.

59. CIRSIUM, Tourn.
1. Crrsrtum FoLiosum, DC. ?

Has. Between the Spokane and Fort Colville, Washington Ter-
ritory (specimen imperfect): Kooskooskee to Walla-Walla.

2. CIRSIUM REMOTIFOLIUM, DC.

Has. Nisqually, and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.

3. CIRSIUM UNDULATUM, Spreng.

Has. Oregon, and Northern California.—A variable and confused
species, of unsettled limits; the forms with smaller and more globu-
lar heads include C. canescens and C. Hookerianum of Nuttall.

4, CIRSIUM ALTISSIMUM, Spreng. ?

Has. Washington Territory, between the Cascade Mountains and
the Columbia River.
93

370 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

60. CALAIS, DG
Catais, DC. Prodr. 7, p. 85, char. anct. Gray in Pacif. R.R. Surv. 4, p. 112, adn.
ScoRZONELLA & Uropappus, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7, pp. 424,

426; Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 470.
PriLopHora, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 113.

1. CALAIS (CALOCALAIS) MACROCHATA, Gray.
Calais macrocheeta, Gray, Pl. Fendl. 1. c. & in Pacif. R.R. Surv. 4, p. 112, excl. syn.
Has. Oregon, on the Kooskooskee or Clearwater River. Rev.

Mr. Spalding.

2. CALAIS (SCORZONELLA) LACINIATA, Gray, 1. ¢.

Hymenonema? laciniatum & H.? glaucum, Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 301.
Scorzonella laciniata, leptosepala, & glauca, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1. e.

Has. Interior of Oregon.—Some elongated specimens with entire
leaves; probably the Hymenonema? glaucwm of Hooker.

3. CALAIS (PTILoPHORA) MAJOR, Gray, J. c.
Ptilophora major, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 113.
Has. On the Kooskooskee or Clearwater River. Collected by
Mr. Spalding.
4, CALAIS (PrILOPHORA) NUTANS, Gray, l. ¢.

Crepis nutans, Geyer, ined. in Herb., Hook.
_ Scorzonella nutans, Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 258.

Has. North fork of the Columbia, Spokane, &c., interior of Wash-
ington Territory ; also collected with the preceding by Mr. Spalding.

COMPOSITA. 371

61. STEPHANOMERIA, WNutt.
1. STEPHANOMERIA MINOR, Nutt.

Stephanomeria minor, runcinata & heterophylla, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe.
n. ser. 7, p. 427.

Lygodesmia minor, Hook, Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 205, t. 103.

Prenanthes ? tenuifolia & P. runcinata, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2, p. 210.

Jamesia pauciflora, Nees in Neuwied, Tray. appx.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Oregon, Okanagan,
Walla-Walla, &c.

2. STEPHANOMERIA PANICULATA, Nutt. J. c.

Has. On the Walla-Walla, and thence to the Sacramento, Califor-
nia.—This is as variable as the preceding species in the size and
disposition of the heads; but is erect and virgately paniculate, often
tall; the heads sometimes loosely panicled, sometimes almost sessile
along the long branches, making a virgate spike. It appears to in-
clude both 8. elata, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. (Pl. Gamb.,) and
S. virgata, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph.

62. HIERACIUM, JZourn.
1. HierAciuM ALBIFLORUM, Hook.
Has. Washington Territory, at Gray’s Harbor, N isqually, &c., and
east of the Cascade Mountains.
2. Hieracium Scou.ert, Hook.
Has. Interior of Washington Territory, Fort Colville and Okan-

agan, very shaggy varieties, imitating H. longipilum; and on the

Walla-Walla, &c.

372 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

63. CREPIS, Linn.

1. CREPIS OCCIDENTALIS, Nutt.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, between Spipen River
and the north fork of the Columbia River, &c.; also on the Koos-
kooskee.

2. CREPIS ACUMINATA, Nutt.

Has, With the preceding; also, from the interior of Washington
Territory, a very slender variety with the leaves and their divisions
narrowly linear.

64. TROXIMON, Mutt.

1. Troximon cuspripatum, Pursh.

Has. On the north fork of the Columbia River. Specimen incom-
plete, but apparently of this species.

2. TROXIMON GLAUCUM, Nutt.

Var. DASYCEPHALUM, Torr. & Gray: foliis sepius amplis dilatatis cbovato-
spathulatis quandoque parce dentatis.

L. taraxicifolium, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil, Soc. n. ser. 7, p. 434.

Has. Washington Territory, Fort Vancouver; with lanceolate
leaves, and the involucre either hairy or nearly glabrous. Koos-
kooskee River; with large, obovate-spatulate, and mostly entire
leaves; the TZ. taraxicifolium of Nuttall; a remarkable form, but
apparently inseparable from 7. glawcum, already noticed in Pl.
Fendl. p. 115.

COMPOSITAE. 373

6. MACRORHYNCHUS, Less.
1. MAcrorHYNCHUS TROXIMOIDES, Zorr. & Gray.

Macrorhynchus troximoides, Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 491.
Troximon aurantiacum, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 300, t. 104.

Has. On the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory; a species
of wide range and considerable diversity.

2. MAcrorHYNcHUS RETRORSUS, Benth. Pl. Hartw.

Has. Interior of Oregon; probably gathered on the journey from
Willamette to California. Accords with Hartweg’s and with Dr.
J. M. Bigelow’s specimens. Beak of the achenium at length becoming
an inch long, springing abruptly from the truncate apex of the
achenium.,

3. Macroruyncuus Lessineu, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Puget Sound, at Gray’s Harbor, and Nisqually, Washington
Territory. Between the Willamette, Oregon, and California; and
near San Francisco. Various forms.—Unless the M. grandiflorus
proves permanently distinct by the short and broad, rather foliaceous
and denticulate exterior series of involucral scales (which are prob-
ably abnormal), it seems likely that I. Lessingii must include all
the perennial Macrorhynchi of our Pacific Coast, excepting the two
preceding species. That the foliage varies greatly is nothing extra-
ordinary. The size of the head appears to vary from that of the
largest dandelion to that of the smallest Leontodon autumnale, with a
monocephalous state of which Lessing compares his plant; while the
specimen described by Hooker and Arnott, in Beechey’s Voyage, is of
the larger-flowered sort. The achenium, moreover, is sometimes ob-
tusely, but strongly, ten-ribbed, sometimes acutely and alately ribbed ;
but it always tapers into the filiform beak, which is commonly three
or four times the length of the body of the achenium, yet sometimes
only double or even barely equal to its length. The leaves vary from

94

374 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

smooth to hairy, from elongated spatulate to linear, from entire or
nearly so to pinnately parted into narrow or even into filiform linear

segments.

4. MACRORHYNCHUS HETEROPHYLLUS, Nutt.

Macrorhynchus (Kymapleura) heterophyllus, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n.

ser. 7, p. 430.
M. heterophyllus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2, p. 493; Gray in Pacif. R.R. Sury. 4, p. 115.

M. Chilensis, Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6, p. 256, vix Less.
Cryptopleura Californica, Nutt. 1. ¢., p. 431?

Has. Nisqually, and interior plains of Washington Territory.—
The difference in the achenia of Nuttall’s two species, great as it is,
appears not to be specific.

66. MULGEDIUM, Cass.

1. MULGEDIUM PULCHELLUM, Nutt.
Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Oregon; with most of

the leaves runcinate-pinnatifid.

2. MULGEDIUM LEUCoPpHAUM, DC.

Has. Puget Sound, and eastward to the Cascade Mountains.

67. SONCHUS, Linn.
1. SoncHUS ASPER, Vill.

Sonchus asper, Vill., DC., Torr. & Gray, FI. 2, p. 501.

Has. San Francisco, California, and on the lower part of the Sac-
ramento: “in wild situations.”

Orv. 444 LOBELIACE &.

1 DOWNINGIA, Zorr. (Cuintonta, Dougi.)

1. DowNINGIA ELEGANS, Zorr.

Clintonia elegans, Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1241; A. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 347; Nutt. in
Amer. Phil. Trans. n. ser. 8, p. 252.
C. corymbosa, A. DC. 1. c.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Western Oregon.—Our
specimens are mostly dwarfish, being not more than 8 or 4 inches
high, but they are probably young. In cultivation it attains a much
larger size. Mr. Nuttall states that the taste of the plant is nearly
as sweet as that of young lettuce, and that it is greedily cropped by
deer and other animals. The sap is watery.

Downingia pulchella, the Clintonia pulchella, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.
1909, which occurs both in California and Oregon, is the handsomer
species, the larger lips of the corolla much dilated, deeply 3-lobed,
and intensely azure-blue, with a large white or yellowish centre.

Downingia pusilla (Clintonia pusilla, Don) is the Chilian represen-
tative of the genus.

In the Botany of Whipple’s report [Pacif. R.R. Expl. 4, p. 116] I
changed the name given to this genus by Douglas, and published by
Lindley, because there is an earlier Clintonia of Rafinesque, now gen-
erally adopted. [The name adopted was in commemoration of the
late Andrew Jackson Downing, of Newburgh, New York, the well-
known writer upon horticulture, arboriculture, and landscape gar-
dening. |

Orv. 45. CAMPANULACESA.

Il CAMPANULA, Linn.
1. CAMPANULA ScouLErt, Hook.

Campanula Scouleri, Hook. in Alph. DC. Mon. Camp. p. 312, & Fl. Bor.-Am. 2,
p. 28, t. 125.

Has. Washington Territory, around Puget Sound, and eastward to
the Cascade Mountains; not found hitherto south of lat. 47°. [It
appears to be replaced in California by the nearly related C. prenan-
thoides, Durand, which is C. filiflora of Kellogg, and G Reali of
Regel.]

2, CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Linn.

Has. Common throughout Washington Territory, Oregon, and
Northern California.

2 SPECULARIA, Heister.
I. SPECULARIA PERFOLIATA, Alph. DC.

Has. Washington Territory and Oregon; common; but not yet
received from California.

Orv. 46. ERICACE &.

1 VACCINIUM, Linn.

1. Vaccinium ovatum, Pursh.

Has. Washington Territory, in woods around Puget Sound and
Gray’s Harbor; also on rocks near San Francisco.—A beautiful ever-
green shrub, which attains its greatest perfection to the north. At
Puget Sound it is sometimes twelve feet high, while in California
it is usually only one or two feet. Douglas states that the fruit is
black, and pleasant to the taste; while Nuttall remarks that it is
dry and scarcely edible.

2. VACCINIUM PARVIFOLIUM, Smith.

Has. Washington Territory; very common in woods about Puget
Sound; also in the southern part of British Columbia.—A shrub 6
to 12 feet high, with slender, spreading, much divided, and very
angular branches. The leaves are thin, and vary from half an inch
to more than an inch in length. The berries are red, and apparently
so dry as to be scarcely edible; the cells 15—20-seeded.

3. VACCINIUM MEMBRANACEUM, Dougl.

V. foliis ovato-oblongis utringue acutiusculis membranaceis serrulatis
glabris, adultis nitidis ; floribus solitariis modice pedicillatis ; corollis
globoso-ovatis.

Vaccinium membranaceum, Dougl. ex Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 82.
V. myrtilloides, Hook. 1. ¢. (vars.) excl. syn. Michx.

Has. Washington Territory, Nisqually, and eastward to the Cas-
cade Mountains.—This species is very distinct from V. myrtilloides
95

378 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

of Michaux, which is only a variety of ‘V. Pennsylvanicum. It re-
sembles more the larger-leaved forms of V. myrtillus. Leaves 1-14
inches long, veiny and somewhat shining when old. Flowers decan-
drous. Calyx entire. Berries dark purple, large, and well-flavored.
[Ever since it was ascertained that Michaux’s plant was a form of
V. Pennsylvanicum, and therefore his specific name became a synonym,
the practice has prevailed of denominating the present species V.
myrtilloides, Hook., non Michx. |

4, VAccINIUM casPITosuM, Micha.

Has, Washington Territory, near Nisqually, Puget Sound; also in
the timbered country of the Kooskooskee.

5. VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM, Linn.

Has. On the Klamath River, Oregon.—On the northwest coast
this species grows to the height of three or four feet; thus resembling
the European plant. In the Atlantic States it occurs on the highest
mountains only as a very humble shrub.

2 ARBUTUS, JZourn.
1. Arsputus Menziesu, Pursh.

Arbutus Menziesti, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 282; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 836; DC. Prodr.
7, p. 582; Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 41, t. 95; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 108;
Newberry, Bot. Rep. (in Pacif. R. Road Surv. 6), p. 23.

A. procera, Dougl. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1753.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory; common along the shores
of Puget Sound and on the Columbia River; also in California along
the Sacramento and the Bay of San Francisco.—To the north the
Madrofia is a small tree, usually from 20 to 30 feet high, with a trunk

ERICACEA. 379

8 to 12 inches in diameter; but in California it is occasionally found
40 to 50 feet high. The wood is hard, tough, and very close-grained,
and is wrought into various articles by the natives.—We have speci-
mens of this tree that exactly accord with the character of A. procera,
but there are intermediate forms, and there is probably but one arbo-
rescent Arbutus on the northwest coast. If A. laurifolia, Linn. f.
really came from North America, as is stated in the Supplement
(Syst. Veg. ed. 13), and, as Pursh conjectures, from the Pacific shores,
it can hardly be distinct from A. Menziesiz, but unfortunately it is not
in the Linnean herbarium, and there are no certain means of iden-
tifying it; nor is it clear how it can have been obtained from that
part of the continent at so early a day.

3 ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adans.

1. ArctostaPpHYLos Uva-ursi, Spreng.
Daphnidostaphylos Fendleri, Klotzsch, in Linnea, 24, p. 80, fide A. Gray.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory; common.

2. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS TOMENTOSA, Dougl.

Arctostaphylos tomentosa, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1791; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 385;
Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 108.

A. cordifolia, Lindl. 1. ¢. in not.; DC. 1. ¢.

Arbutus tomentosa, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 282; Hook., Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 36, t. 130;
Bot. Mag. t. 2320.

Xerobotrys tomentosus & cordifolius, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 8,
p. 268.

Andromeda? bracteosa, DC. Prodr. 7, p. 607.

Has. Puget Sound, and southward to Monterey, California.—This
is the Manzanita (little apple) of the Mexicans. It is also called Cali-
fornia Whortleberry. It is a bush three or four feet high, growing in
bunches. The small, depressed, roundish fruit is at first nearly white,
which changes to bright red, and at length to very deep purple. It is
hardly edible, but is sometimes eaten by Indians.— Arctostaphylos
pumila and A, acuta, Nutt., seem to be only dwarf and small-leaved
forms of this variable species.

380 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS PUNGENS, H. B. K.

Arctostaphylos pungens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3, p. 278, t. 259; Lindl. Bot.
Reg. (n. ser.) 30, t. 17; Bot. Mag. t. 3927; Torr. in Emory Rep. t. 7, & Bot.
Whippl. in Pacif. R. Road Rep. 6, p. 116.

A. Hookeri, G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3, p. 886; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 584.

Arbutus pungens, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 144.

Andromeda? venulosa, DC. 1. ¢. p. 607.

Xerobotrys venulosa, Nutt. 1. c. p. 263; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 321.

Daphnidostaphylos pungens & Hookeri, Klotzsch, in Linnea 24, p. 81.

Has. Between the Umpqua River, Oregon, and the Upper Sacra-
mento.—This species, which is usually a shrub only three or four feet
high, was seen by Mr. Brackenridge 15 feet high, with a trunk one
foot in diameter. Berries red.

4, ARCTOSTAPHYLOS GLAUCA, Lindl.

Arctostaphylos glauca, Lind]. Bot. Reg. sub. t. 1791.
Xerobotrys glauca, Nutt. 1. ¢.
Daphnidostaphylos glauca, Klotzsch, 1. e.

Has. Hills on the headwaters of the Sacramento, California.—This
form of Manzanita seems to be the tallest species of the genus; for it
sometimes grows 20 feet high. It branches about a foot above the
ground, and is glabrous, usually glaucous throughout. According to
Mr. Brackenridge the berries are edible.

4,.GAULTHERIA, Kalm.
1. GAULTHERIA SHALLON, Pursh.

Has. Abundant in woods around Puget Sound, and sparingly as
far south as San Francisco. The berries are edible and are made into
wholesome cakes by the aborigines.

ERICACESA. 381

2. GAULTHERIA Myrsinites, Hook.

Gaultheria Myrsinites, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 35, t. 129.

Has. On the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory: a form
with larger leaves and hispid branchlets. Otherwise there seems to
be nothing to distinguish our plant from Hooker’s. Some of the
leaves are more than an inch and a half long and an inch wide.

5 MENZIESIA, Smith.
1, MENZIESIA FERRUGINEA, Smith.

Has. Washington Territory, from Puget Sound and Gray’s Har-
bor eastward to the Cascade Mountains.—A slender spreading shrub,
4 to 8 -feet high, with the habit and foliage of an Azalea, and the
flowers of a heath.

6 AZALEA, Linn.
1. AZALEA OCCIDENTALIS, Torr. & Gray.

A, ramulis pubescentibus ; foliis obovato-oblongis vel angusto-oblongis,
adultis glabris margine ciliolatis, nervo medio hispidulo ; floribus
(albis) serotinis; calycis lobis oblongis corolle tubo puberulo limbo
equalt.

Azalea occidentalis, Torr. & Gray, in Bot. Whippl. Pacif. R. R. Rep. p. 116; Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 5005.

A. nudiflora, Kellogg, in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1, p. 60, non Linn,

A, calendulacea, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 321, non Michx.

Ehododendron calendulaceum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 862, non Torr.

Has. Along streams, southern part of Oregon, and along the
Upper Sacramento; also in the vicinity of the Bay of San Fran-

C1sco.
96

382 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

7% RHODODENDRON, Linn.
1. RHODODENDRON ALBIFLORUM, Hook.

Rhododendron albiflorum, Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 48, t. 33, & in Bot. Mag. t.
3670; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 727.

Has. Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory; the most westerly
station known. A handsome shrub, bearing a profusion of white
flowers. Anthers 4-celled in the bud.

2. RHODODENDRON MACROPHYLLUM, G. Don.

h. foliis oblongis utrinque acutis subcoriaceis pedicellisque glaberrimis
subtus minute reticulatis ; floribus racemoso-corymbosis calycis lobis
brevissimis obtusis ; ovario setoso; filamentis pulverulento-pubescentibus.

A. macrophyllum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3, p. 848.
f. maximum, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 43 (planta Oregona),

Has. Puget Sound, Washington Territory; in woods; not com-
mon.—A noble species, resembling R. maximum but quite distinct.
It is usually 10 to 15 feet high. Leaves 6 or 7 inches long, and 2 or
more inches wide, perfectly smooth on both sides; the under surface
paler and very minutely reticulated, tapering at the base to a stout
terete petiole which is an inch or more in length, the margins (in
dried specimens) slightly and very narrowly revolute. Flowers 10 to
12 in a terminal corymbose raceme, about one-third smaller than those
of . maximum. Pedicels unequal in flower, but nearly equal and
elongated (2 inches) in fruit. Calyx reduced to a mere 5-toothed
border. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed; the lobes oblong and rounded.
Stamens 10: filaments unequal: anthers oblong. Ovary oblong,
clothed with rufous short bristly hair: style longer than the sta-
mens: stigma small, simple, obscurely 5-angled. Capsule about
three-fourths of an inch long, smooth. Seeds oblong, compressed,
narrowly winged all around with a fan-like crenated appendage at the
radicular extremity, and acute at the other. Embryo very slender.

ERICACES. 383

8 KALMIA, Linn.
1. Kaumia GLAucA, Ait.
Has. From Puget Sound eastward to the Cascade Mountains, in

sphagnous swamps.—lIt is altogether like the plant of the Northern
Atlantic States.

9 LEDUM, Linn.

1. Lepum LATIFOLIUM, Ait.

Has. Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory.—Simi-
lar to the plant of the Northern Atlantic States.

10. PYROLA, Linn.

1. PyroLa RoTUNDIFOLIA, Linn.

Pyrola rotundifolia, Linn. Spec. p. 896; Michx. Fl. 1, p. 251; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
2, p. 46; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 772; Torr. Fl. N. York, 1, p. 451.

P. elata, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 8, p. 270.

P. bracteata, Hook. 1. c. p. 47; Nutt. 1. e.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory, and, the var. bracteata,
in the Cascade Mountains.
2. PYROLA CHLORANTHA, Swartz.

Has. Washington Territory, in the Cascade Mountains.

384 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. PyroLta mINor, Linn.

Has. Washington Territory, on the eastern side of the Cascade
Mountains. A rare plant in North America.

4. PyroLa sEcunpA, Linn.

Haz. Mountains in the interior of Washington Territory.

0. PyRoLA APHYLLA, Smith.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound.—Mr. Nuttall thinks this species
makes a near approach to Pterospora, and has made a separate section
in Pyrola to receive it, but it does not differ in the anthers or seeds
from the rest of the genus.

ll. MONESES, Salisod.

1, MonrSES UNIFLORA, Gray.

Moneses uniflora, Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p. 260.

M. grandiflora, Salish. in Gray, Arrang. Brit. Pl. 2, p. 403; DC. Prodr. 7, p. 775,

M. reticulata, Nutt. 1. ¢.

Pyrota uniflora, Linn, Spec. p. 568; Michx. Fl. 1, p. 250; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2,
p. 45; Torr. Fl. N. York, 1, p. 454.

Has. Puget Sound, and eastward to the mountains,—The western
plant was regarded by Nuttall as different from M. uniflora of the
Eastern States and of Europe. The leaves are, indeed, usually more
deeply toothed than in the ordinary form, but not always. The
other characters assigned to Nuttall’s If reticulata equally occur in
most of our specimens of P. uniflora.

ERICACEA 385

12, CHIMAPHILA, Pursh.
1. CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA, Nutt.

Has. Puget Sound; common in forests, as in the Northern Atlantic
States. The other and peculiar species, C. Menziesit, was not collected.

13. MONOTROPA, Linn.

1. Monorropa unirtora, Linn.

Has. Washington Territory, in forests, usually not far from the
seacoast. Newly found in the Pacific region and not since met with.

2. Monotropa Hypopitys, Linn.

Has. Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory.—Variable in color
and pubescence as in the eastern plant.

14. PTHEROSPORA, Nutt.
1. PrerosporA ANDROMEDEA, Nutt.

Haz. Open woods, Oregon and northern part of California.

1. ALLOTROPA, Torr. & Gray, Nov. Gen.

Calyx bibracteolatus, 5-sepalus (sepalis lato-ovatis), persistens. Corollu
nulla. Discus fere nullus. Stamina 10, glabra: filamenta fili-
formia: antheree breves, bilobe, fere basifixce extrorsce, mox introrsum
inversee pendule; loculis rima longitudinali usque ad medium hiante
dehiscentibus. Ovarium globosum, 5-loculare: stylus brevissimus post
anthesin elongandus : stigma capitatum, depressum, amplum. Semina
numerosissima in placentis axilibus crassis, linearia, nucleo centrali
parvo. —Rhizophytum pallidum sew rubellum, carnosum, glabrum,

97

386 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

caule spithameo ad pedalem e basi crassiore squamis ovato-oblongis
vel lanceolatis instructo, in spicam virgatam multifloram producto ;
Jloribus confertis brevi-pedicellatis albidis.

1, ALLoTROPA virGATA, Torr. & Gray.

Haz. Eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Ter-
ritory.—Plant about 10 inches high, “pale and etiolated,” clothed
with linear-lanceolate acute clasping scales which are nearly an inch
in length. Raceme about 20-flowered. Calyx a pair of lanceolate
sepals, which may perhaps [better] be regarded as bractlets. Petals
orbicular, concave, the outermost with a short abrupt point, the others
obtuse. Stamens 10 in all the flowers examined. Anthers oblong-
ovate. Style almost wanting at first, afterwards more manifest. Fruit
too young to show the dehiscence. |

[Since rediscovered in Oregon by Elihu Hall, in Northern Cali-
fornia by Bolander and Kellogg. Vide Gray, in Pacif. R. R. Surv. 6,
p. 81, & Proc. Amer. Acad. 7, p. 368, & 8, p. 394. The senua ta herd
ehanadzetized upon the new materials. |

Orv. 47. STY RACE &.

l1 STYRA X, Tourn.
1. StyrAx CALIFoRNICUM, Torr.

Styrax Californicum, Torr. Pl. Frem. in Smithson. Contrib. vol. 6; & Bot. Whippl.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.—A handsome shrub,
with conspicuous white flowers: nearly allied to S. officinale. Fruit
the size of a small marble, 3-valved from the summit to below the
middle.

Orv. 48. PLANTAGINACES,

1 PLANTAGO, Linn.
1. Puantaco maritima, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, and
southward to San Francisco.

2. PLantaco Pataconica, Jacq.

Has. Sandy prairies, Washington Territory and Oregon; the var.
gnaphaliordes, Gray (P. gnaphalioides, N utt.): also, in the Californian
collection, a very depauperate state, apparently of this species.

3. PLantaco Virernica, Linn., var. MAXIMA.

Has. California, near San Francisco; the large form, with stout
scapes and thick spike ; otherwise similar to a common Texan form,
P. purpurascens, Nutt. It is the PR Durvillet of Fischer and Meyer,
and probably the plant named by Hooker and Arnott P. Kamt-

schatica. -

4, PLANTAGO maAsor, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, and on the Upper Columbia; probably natu-
ralized from Europe.

Orv. 49. PLUMBAGINACE &.

1 STATICE, Tourn.
1. Statice Limonium, Linn.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California. The var. Californica,
S. Californica of Boissier; apparently only a form of the widely dif-
fused and polymorphous Linnzan species.

2 ARMERIA, Willd.
1, ARMERIA vuLGaRIs, Willd.

Armeria vulgaris, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1, p. 333.

A. pubescens & elongata, Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 681.

A. Andina, var. Californica, Boiss. 1. c.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 332.
Statice Armeria, Linn. Spec. p. 3894. .

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory :
southward to San Francisco and Monterey.—Seemingly little reliance
can be placed on the characters employed by Boissier for distinguish-
ing the species of this and other genera of Staticew. The list of
synonyms given above might be considerably extended.

Orv. 50. PRIMULACE&.

l LYSIMACHIA, Linn.
1. Lystmacuia crirata, Linn.

Haz. Upper Columbia River, near Fort Okanagan.—It is wholly
similar to the plant of the Atlantic States.

2 NAUMBURGIA, Mench.
1. NAUMBURGIA THYRSIFLORA, Reich.

Has. Fraser’s River, British Columbia, Dr. Holmes——The minute
teeth between the divisions of the corolla are often wanting in the
European as well as in the North American plant.

3% TRIENTALIS, Linn.
1. TrrentaLtis Evropaa, Linn.
T. latifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 121; Duby in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 59.

Has. Puget Sound; in woods; also in the Redwood groves near
San Francisco, California.—Our specimens show a gradual transition
from the ordinary state of 7. Europea to T. latifolia. The rhizoma
ina small oblong tuber. In the only Californian specimens the leaves
are in four distinct whorls of 5 to 7 each; which is a very unusual

occurrence.
98

390 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

4, DODECATHEON, Linn.
1. DoprcaTtHEON MraptiA, Linn.

Dodecatheon Media, Linn. Spec. p. 207; Bot. Mag. t. 12, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 136;
Duby in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 56.

D. integrifolium, Michx. Fl. 1, p. 123; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p.118; Duby 1. ¢. ;
Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 322. |

D. frigidum, Cham. in Linnea 1, p. 217; Hook. 1. ¢c.; Duby l. .

Has. Washington Territory and Oregon ; in prairies —The species
which we have here united must all be referred to one, as our ex-
tensive series of specimens from very many localities abundantly
proves. Probably D. dentatum should be united with them.

5 DOUGLASIA, Lindl.
1. DoveLasta NiIvALIs, Lindl.

Douglasia nivalis, Lindl. in Brande, Jour. Sci. 1828, p. 583, & Bot. Reg. t. 1886 ;
Hook. Ic. t. 180, & Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 120; Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. 7,
p. 371.

Has. Near Fort Okanagan on the Upper Columbia; rare in dry
prairies, forming large patches.—This is a very rare plant, having
been found hitherto only by Douglas, Richardson, and the botanists
of the United States Exploring Expedition. Dr. Gray has identified
the genus with Gregoria of Duby, and has noted that, as Douglasia
was published in Brande’s Journal for 1827 (not 1828), this name has
a clear priority.

Orv. 51. LENTIBULARIACESA,

l UTRICULARIA, Linn.
1. UtricuLaria vuuearis, Linn.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory.—A pparently identical with
the Eastern American and European species.

Orv. 52 OROBANCHACE &.

l PHELIPAA, Tourn.
1, PHELIP#A comosa, Torr. & Gray.

Phelipea comosa, Torr. & Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p- 110.
Anoplanthus comosus, Walp. Rep. 3, p. 480; Reut. in DC, Prodr. 11, p. 41.
Orobanche comosa, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p- 92, t. 169.

Has. Valley of the Willamette, Oregon; southward to San Fran-
cisco.—Corolla pale lilac color externally, purple with reddish veins
inside the lobes; lower lip deeply 3-parted, the lobes entire, not bi-
dentate as they are represented in the figure of Hooker. So they
generally are in all our specimens of this plant, except in a specimen
received from Sir William; probably a duplicate from Douglas’s col-
lection. The bracteoles are sometimes close to the calyx, but often
remote and alternate.

392 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2 APHYLLON, Michell.
1, APHYLLON UNIFLORUM, Zorr. & Gray.

Aphyllon uniflorum, Torr. & Gray; Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p- 281.
Anoplanthus uniflorus, Endl. Icon. Gen. t.72; Reuter in DC. Prodr. 11 ,p. 41.

Has. Nisqually and Port Discovery, Washington Territory; south-

ward to California. The genus is hardly distinct enough from
Phelipea.

2, APHYLLON FAScICULATUM, Torr. & Gray, 1. c.

Anoplanthus fasciculatus, Walp. Rep. 3, p. 480; Reuter 1. c.
Orobanche fasciculata, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 59; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 938, t. 170.

Has. Between the mouth of the Spokane River and Fort Colville,
Washington Territoyy:

Orv. 53. SCROPHULARIACE &.

l LINARIA, Juss.
1. Linarta CANADENSIS, Dum. Cours.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, and southward to San
Francisco; usually not far from the sea-coast.

SCROPHULARIACEA. 393

2 ANTIRRHINUM, Linn.
1, ANTIRRHINUM GLANDULOSUM, Lindl.
Antirrhinum glandulosum, Bot. Reg. t. 1893; Benth. 1. ¢. p. 291.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.

2, ANTIRRHINUM CoRNUTUM, Benth.

Antirrhinum cornutum, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 828; Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. 7,
p. 373.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, where it has since been collected
by Hartweg.

3 SCROPHULARIA, Linn.
1. SCROPHULARIA Noposa, Linn.
Has. Puget Sound southward to San Francisco—We have no

specimens from the interior country. It is quite as variable on the
western coast as in the Atlantic States.

4. COLLINSIA, Mutt.

1. COLLINSIA PARVIFLORA, Doug.

Collinsia parviflora, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1082; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10,
p. 318.

Has. In prairies; Nisqually, Port Discovery, &c., Washington
Territory.

99

394 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. PENTSTEMON, L’Her.

1. PEnTSTEMON ScouLERI, Dowgi.

Pentstemon Scouleri, Doug]. in Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1277; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10,
p. 820.

Has. Banks of the Spipen Riyer, east of the Cascade Mountains.—
This rare and handsome species forms small beds of procumbent
stems, which throw up erect branches of about a foot in height. The
leaves in most of the specimens are entire, but in some cases they are
denticulate-serrate.

2. PENTSTEMON GAIRDNERI, Hook,

Pentstemon Gatwrdneri, Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2, p. 49; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10,
p. 321. .

Has. Banks of the Spipen River, Washington Territory.—Hitherto
this plant has been known only from the specimens collected by
Douglas more than thirty years ago on the “ Blue Mountains ;” prob-
ably on the Upper Columbia. These were in fruit with some withered
flowers. All of our specimens are in full flower. Sir William Hooker
states that the species is remarkable for its alternate leaves and pedi-
cels, and so they are most commonly; but in some instances the
leaves (which are crowded) are opposite. The pedicels are occasion-
ally 2-flowered. The corolla is about three-fourths of an inch long,
tubular-campanulate; the hLmb somewhat two-lipped, with the lobes
rounded.

3. PENTSTEMON SPECIOSUS, Dougl.

Pentstemon speciosus, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1270; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2,
p- 98; Benth. in DC. Prodr, 10, p. 322.

Has. Sandy alluvions of the Upper Columbia and its tributaries.

SCROPHULARIACES. 395

4, PENTSTEMON DEUSTUS, Dougl.

Pentstemon deustus, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1818; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 96;
Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 328.

Has. Spokane River, Washington Territory—A small-flowered
species, remarkable for the strong sharp serratures of the leaves.
Stem woody at the base.

). PENTSTEMON CONFERTUS, Dougl.

Pentstemon confertus, Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2954; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, pp.
328 & 593.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Oregon; common.

6. PENTSTEMON corymBosus, Benth.

P. pubescens; caule e basi ramoso; folis oblongis basi in petiolem brevius
attenuatis obtusiusculis integerrimis vel remote denticulatis ; cyma ter-
minals corymbrformi; corolle tubo angusto calyce subtriplo longiore ;
limbo bilabiato ; filamento sterili barbato.

Var. humilis, fruticulosus ; foltis angusto-oblongis ; cyma nuda pluri-
flora: forma normalis Benth.

Var. robustus, fere herbaceus ; foliis ovato-oblongis ; cyma basi foliosa
multiflora.

Has. The smaller variety, Southern Oregon, probably near the
borders of California; the larger variety, Hills of the Upper Sacra-
mento, California. The low variety is identical with Coulter’s No.
629, from which Bentham’s description of P. corymbosus was doubtless
taken. In an authentic specimen of that plant, however, the sterile
filament is not smooth, but strongly bearded. Our specimens of this
variety are clearly shrubby, for, besides showing the woody structure,
they bear vestiges of the inflorescence of the preceding season

396 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

The larger variety is a much stouter plant, the branches being from
a foot to eighteen inches long, and the leaves more than an inch in
length. The cymes are compound, and 12-40-flowered, with a pair
of leaves at the base of the lower branches. According to Mr. Brack-
enridge the flowers are scarlet and very showy.

7. PENTSTEMON TRIPHYLLUS, Doug/.

Pentstemon triphyllus, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1245; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 96;
Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 329.

Haz. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon; the only region where
this rare species has hitherto been found.

8. Prntstemon Ricuarpsoni, Dougi.

Pentstemon Richardsoni, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1121; Hook. Bot. Mag. t.
3391, & Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 96; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 330.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon.

9. PENTSTEMON VENUSTUS, Dougl.

Pentstemon venustus, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1809; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2,
p. 95; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 330.

Has. On the Walla-Walla and Kooskooskee Rivers.—In the speci-
mens from the latter station the filaments are all smooth, but in other
respects there is little difference.

10. PEnTstEmon pirFusus, Dougl.

Pentstemon diffusus, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1182, & t. 83645; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
p. 95; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 330.

Has, Hast of the Cascade Mountains in Washington Territory.—
Our plant differs from the description of this species by Bentham, in
the anthers being hispid at the summit; but we find the same char-
acter in a cultivated but authentic specimen of P. diffusus.

SCROPHULARIACES. 397

11. PENTSTEMON GLANDULOSUS, Lindl.

Pentstemon glandulosus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1262; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 95;
Bot. Mag. t. 3688; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 380.

Has. Banks of the Kooskooskee, Washington Territory.

12. PentstEMon ovatus, Dougl.

Pentstemon ovatus, Dougl. in Bot. Mag. t. 2903; Bot. Cab. t. 1626; Benth. in DC.
Prodr. 10, p. 329.

Haz. On the Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—The spe-
cimens are dwarfish, and the leaves are narrower than usual. The
flowers, also, are said to be white; but there can be little doubt that
the plant is a state of P. ovatus.

[Since the above account was prepared, the genus Pentstemon has
been monographed in the Proceedings of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, vol. 5, 1862.]

6. MIMULUS, Lina.
1, Mimvnus carpinatis, Dougl.

Mimulus cardinalis, Dougl. in Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 28 (in adnot.); Trans. Hort.
Soc. Lond. ser. 2. 5, t. 3; Bot. Mag. t. 3560; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 370.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.

2. Mimuuus turevs, Linn.

Mimulus luteus, Linn. Spec. p. 884; Bot. Mag. t. 1501, 3336, & 3363; Bot. Reg. t.
1080, 1796; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p, 370.
M. riwularis, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Sc. Philad. 7, p. 47.

Has. California, and northward to Fraser's River; common. Also
a native of Chili.
100

398 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. MIMULUS ALSINOIDES, Dougl.

Mimulus alsinoides, Dougl. in Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 29, adnot; Benth. in DC.
Prodr. 10, p. 372.

Has, Spipen River, Washington Territory; on mossy banks.—
This is the smallest species of the genus. Our specimens are only two
inches high. [They probably belong to WV. microphyllus, Benth. ]

4. MimuLus FLoripunpus, Dougl.

Mimulus floribundus, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1125; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2,
p- 99; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 372.

Has. On the Columbia River, from Walla-Walla to Fort Okanagan ;
asmall form. Valley of the Sacramento; a form with stems a foot
or more in length, and diffuse.

5. Mimutus moscuatus, Doug.

Mimulus moschatus, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1118; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2,
p. 99; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p, 372.

Has. Washington Territory and Oregon, where it is throughout
common.

6. Mimuxus (Dietacus) GLutinosus, Wendl.

Mimulus glutinosus, Wendl. Obs. p. 51; Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr. 8, t. 364; Gray in
Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 117.

Diplacus glutinosus, Nutt. in Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 137; Benth. in DC.
Prodr. 10, p. 368.

D. latifolius, leptanthus & longiflorus, Nutt. 1. c.; Benth. 1. c.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, and near San Francisco, Califor-
nia.—There can be no doubt that all of Nuttall’s species of Diplacus
pass into each other by insensible gradations. [It is ascertained that
the placentz are really parietal in Diplacus, so that the genus will
be maintained. |

SCROPHULABIACES. 399

7 ILYSANTHES, Raf
1, ILYSANTHES GRATIOLOIDES, Benth.

Has. On the Upper Sacramento, California; rare——Both broad
and narrow-leaved forms occur among the specimens. This plant has
not before been observed in the Pacific States.

8 SYNTHYRIS, Benth.
1. SYNTHYRIS RUBRA, Benth.

Synthyris rubra, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 455.
Gymnandra rubra, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 108, t. 172.

Haz. Spokane River, Washington Territory; in prairies —Our
specimens have both flowers and fruit; the capsule and seeds resem-
ble those of the other species. The plant turns blackish in drying.

9 VERONICA, Linn.
1. VeRoNICA AMERICANA, Schweinitz, Benth.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington TEENY, and near San Fran-
cisco, California.

2. VERONICA SCUTELLATA, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor and Satchap River, Washington Territory.

400 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. VERONICA ARVENSIS, Linn.

Has. Plains east of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory.

4, VERONICA PEREGRINA, Linn.

0. VERONICA SERPYLLIFOLIA, Linn.

Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries; also in California,

10 ORTHOCARPUS, Mutt.
1. ORTHOCARPUS PUSILLUS, Benth.
Has. Nisqually and Port Discovery, Puget Sound; common in
prairies.
2. ORTHOCARPUS HISPIDUS, Benth.
Has. Near Fort Okanagan, Upper Columbia; also between Fort
Colville and Spokane River. A smoother and more slender form was
found at Nisqually, Puget Sound.

3. ORTHOCARPUS TENUIFOLIUS, Benth.

Has. Valley of the Upper Columbia and its tributaries, Washing-
ton Territory.

4. ORTHOCARPUS DENSIFLORUS, Benth.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound, and elsewhere in Washington Ter-
ritory and Oregon.

SCROPHULARIACES,. 401

ll CASTILLETA, Linn. f£

1. CASTILLEIA FOLIOLOSA, Hook, & Arn.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—This species is annual, as I
have stated elsewhere, although it is called suffruticose by Bentham.

2. CASTILLEIA PALLIDA, Ath.

Has. Puget Sound, and eastward to the Spokane River, Washington
Territory.— C. septentrionalis, Lindl. differs from this species chiefly
in the shorter leaves and longer upper lip of the corolla.

3. CASTILLEIA MINIATA, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Throughout Washington Territory and Northern Oregon,
from the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains.—It is probable this is the
C. acuminata, Spreng. (Bartsia acuminata, Pursh), unless that be C.
pallida. The question cannot be settled except by the inspection of
Pursh’s original specimens. From C. pallida our plant is well distin-
guished by the long upper and very short lower lip of the corolla.
In this respect it accords with O. septentrionalis, of which it 1s, per-
haps, merely a variety.

4. CASTILLEIA PARVIFLORA, Bongard.

Has. Near Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory. [To this the
following has been joined. ]

0. CASTILLEIA HISPIDA, Hook.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory; abundant in prairies.—
A highly ornamental species, resembling ©. coccinea; the bracts
usually red, but sometimes bright yellow.

101

402 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

12, CORDYLANTHUS, Mute.
1. CoRDYLANTHUS FILIFOLIUS, Nutt., Benth.

Has. Plains of the Sacramento, California, and on the Rogue River,
Southern Oregon. [The genus has since been monographed in the
Proceedings of the American Academy, 7, p. 381, and in the Botany
of C. King’s Exploration. ]

ls. RHINANTHUS, Linn.
1, Rainantuus Crista-Gauu, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, and on the Kooskooskee River, Washington
Territory.

14. PEDICULARIS, Zurn.
1. Pepicuaris RACEMOSA, Dougl.

Pedicularis racemosa, Doug]. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p- 108; Benth. in DC.
Prodr. 10, p. 580.

Has, Cascade Mountains of Washington Territory.—Plant about
a foot and a half high, growing in tufts. A rare and neat species ;
not found before, since it was discovered by Douglas.

2. PEDICULARIS DENSIFLORA, Benth.

Pedicularis densiflora, Benth. in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 110, & in DC. Prodr.
10, p. 575.

Has. Cascade Mountains of Washington Territory.—The specimens
are immature, but there can be little doubt of the species.

Orv. 54. VERBENACE &.

1 VERBENA, Linn.
1, VERBENA HASTATA, Linn.

Has. Marshes on the Lower Sacramento, California. [Not other-
_ wise known from the Pacific side of the continent. ]

2. VERBENA BRACTEOSA, Micha.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon; extending to California.

3. VERBENA PROSTRATA, R. Brown.

Has. On the Lower Sacramento; a common and peculiar Califor-
nian species. !

2 LIPPIA, Lnn.
1. Lippra LANCEOLATA, Michsx.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.—Apparently identical
with the Atlantic States species.

Orv. 5d. LABIAT A.

l1MENTHA, Linn.
1. MentHa CANADENSIS, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, southward to San
Francisco.—Smooth and very downy varieties occur in the collection.
Some of the forms approximate very closely to UM. arvensis.

2 LYCOPUS, Tourn.
1. Lycopus Vireinicus, Linn.

Has. Near Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory; never found
before so far west.

2. Lycopus sinuatus, £7.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory, and on the Lower Sacra-
mento, California; in marshes.

8 PYCNANTHEMUM, Mecho.

1. PYcNANTHEMUM CALIFORNICUM, Torr.

Pycnanthemum Californicum, Torr. in Durand, Pl. Pratt. in Jour. Acad. Philad.
n. ser. 2, p. 99, & Pl. Whippl. in Pacif. R. Road. Expl. 4, p. 122.

Has. Umpqua River, Oregon, and on the Upper Sacramento, Cali-
fornia. This solitary representative of the genus Pycnanthemum on
the Pacific side of the Continent grows further north than we had
supposed, and seems to be a pretty common species. Itis most nearly
related to P. muticum, but very distinct. The flowers are pale purple.

LABIATAE, 405

4. MONARDELLA, Benth.
1. MonarpELLA oporatissima, Benth.

Monardella odoratissima, Benth. Lab. p. 322, & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 190; Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 113.

Has. On the Kooskooskee River, Washington Territory, and near
Fort Walla-Walla on the Columbia.—In our solitary specimen from
the Kooskooskee the leaves are narrower, and remotely and conspicu-
ously denticulate. This species is suffruticose ; throwing up from a
prostrate base numerous branching stems 12 to 15 inches high.

2. MoNARDELLA VILLOSA, Benth.

Monardella villosa, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 42, t. 21, & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 191;
Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 129.

Has. Sides of Mount Palmas, near San Francisco, California.—
Late in the season clusters of very small leaves, on short branches,
are formed on the lower part of the stem. Flowers bright rose color.

0». MICROMERIA, Benth.
1. Micromeria Doverasn, Benth.

Micromeria Douglasii, Benth. Lab. p. 372; & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 223; Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 2, p. 114.

Has. Puget Sound, and southward to San Francisco.—The slender
prostrate branches are sometimes 2 or 3 feet long. Leaves very vari-
able in size. This is the Yerba Buena of the Californians.

102

406 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

6 POGOGYNE, Benth.
1. Pocogyne Dovcuasu, Benth.

Pogogyne Douglasti, Benth. Lab. p. 414; & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 243; Torr. Pl.
Whippl. in Pacif. R. Road. Expl. 4, p. 123; & Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 129,

Has. Valley of the Upper Sacramento, California; on the banks of
the river.—We have elsewhere stated that there is probably but one
species of Pogogyne [i. e. of this group], and this opinion is confirmed
by a re-examination of the genus.

7% AUDIBERTIA, Benth.

1. AUDIBERTIA INCANA, Benth.

Audibertia incana, Benth. in Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1469; & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 399;
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 112.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—A shrub 3 to 6

feet high, with numerous spreading branches. Flowers pale purplish-
blue, rather ornamental.

8 LOPHANTHUS, Benth.
1. LopHANTHUS URTICIFOLIUS, Benth.

Lophanthus urticifolius, Benth. in Bot. Reg. 15, not. sub no. 1282; & in DC. Prodr.
12, p. 868 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 115.

Has. On the Spipen and Kooskooskee Rivers, Washington Territory.
—Resembles L. nepetoides, but easily distinguished by the very long
subulate teeth of the calyx.

LABIATA. A407

9 PRUNELLA, Tourn.
1, PRUNELLA VULGARIS, Linn.

Has. Common in Oregon and Washington Territory, as in all the
cool temperate regions.

10, SCUTELLARIA, Linn.
1. SCUTELLARIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Pursh.

Scutellaria angustifolia, Pursh FI. 2, p. 412; Benth. Lab. p. 436, & in DC. Prodr,
12, p. 424; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 115.
S. antirrhinoides, Benth. 1. c. p. 428; Hook. 1. ¢.

Has. On the Upper Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers.—After ex-
amining a pretty extensive series of specimens of S. angustifolia and
S. antirrhinoides, | am convinced they should be united, as there are
many intermediate states. The prior name of Pursh is inapplicable
to the broad-leaved forms, but it must be retained. The leaves, espe-
cially the lower ones, are often strongly serrate-toothed.

2. SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA, Linn.

Has. Fraser River, British Columbia, and southward.

3. SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA, Linn.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory; thence across the
continent.

408 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

ll. STACHYS, Linn.
1, Stacuys Patustris, Linn., var.

Has. Fraser River (Dr. Holmes) and southward to California.—
Differs from the typical §. palustris, in the conspicuously petiolate and
broader leaves, as well as in the larger flowers. The tube of the
corolla is three times the length of the calyx.

2. STACHYS syLvatica, Linn.

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.—
This agrees so nearly with our authentic Kuropean specimens of
S. sylvatica that we have no doubt of their identity. It is also very
near the S. cordata of Riddell, which Dr. Gray regards as an extreme
form of 8. palustris,

3. STACHYS AsuGoIDES, Benth.

Stachys ajugoides, Benth. in Linnea, 6, p. 80, & in DO, Prodr. 12, p. 474.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, and near San Francisco, California.

4, STACHYS PyonosTacuya, Benth.
Stachys pycnostachya, Benth. Pl. Hartweg, p. 331.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.—This species varies
in its pubescence from almost hispidly-hirsute to whitish-tomentose.

5. STACHYS CHAMISSONIS, Benth.
Stachys Chamissonis, Benth. in Linnea, 6, p. 80, & in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 468.

Has. Near San Francisco, California, where it was collected by
Chamisso.

LABIATSA. 409

6. Stacnys acraria, Cham. & Schlecht.

Stachys agraria, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 5, p. 100.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.— Except in being more hairy
the plant scarcely differs from our Texan specimens of this species.

12, TEUCRIUM, Linn.
1. Tevcrium CANnapeEnsz, Linn.

Teuerium Canadense, Linn. Spec. p. 789; Michx. Fl. 2, p- 1; Torr. Fl. N. York,
ia? p. 82; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12, p- 081.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California; not rare in marshes
along the river; not found before in the Pacific States.

13. TRICHOSTEMA, Linn.

1, TRICHOSTEMA LANCEOLATUM, Benth.

Trichostema lanceolatum, Benth, Lab. p. 659, & in DC. Prodr. 12, p- 573; Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am, 2, p. 117.

Has, Umpqua River, Oregon, and Valley of the Sacramento, Cali-

fornia.—The root is certainly annual, and so it seems to be also in
T. lanatum.

108

Orv. 56. BORRAGINACE &.

1. HELIOTROPIUM, Zurn.

1. Hexiorrorrum Curassavicum, Linn.

Haz, Valley of the Sacramento, California.—This almost cosmopolite
plant is more common, and occurs at a much higher latitude, on the
western coast than in the Atlantic States. A broad-leaved variety
was found by Douglas on the Columbia River.

2: TIQUILIA, Pers.

Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis ; limbo 5-lobo,
lobis ovalibus obtusis; fauce nuda. Stamina 5, inclusa, medio tubi
corolle inserta. Stylus ultra medium bipartitus, ramis filiformibus ;
stigmata capitellata. Nucule 4, oblongee, glabree, dorso convex, intus
angulares, inferne stylo adnate, superne liberee. Cotyledones a basi
sursum profunde bipartita! Herbee annue dichotome ramose, foliis
ovatis vel ellipticis ; floribus in glomerulis sessilibus axillaribus.

Trquitta, Pers. Syn. 1, p. 157.
CoLDENIA, sect. 2, Trquiira, DC. Prodr. 9, p. 558.

1. TiqurLia BREVIFOLIA, Nutt. (Tab. 12, A.)

Tiquilia brevifolia, Nutt. MSS.; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 136.
Coldenia ? Nuttallii, Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. & Kew Mise. 3, p. 296,

BORRAGINACESA. 4ll

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Washington Territory.—Stem
2 to 6 inches long, much branched, usually prostrate. Leaves ovate,
clustered at the forks of the stem, 3 or 4 lines long, hairy, and at
length hispid, the nerves somewhat depressed on the upper surface:
petioles 1 or 2 lines long. Flowers in small axillary dense clusters. |
Sepals narrowly lanceolate, hispid, with a few stouter spinose hairs
at the tip. Corolla twice as long as the calyx; the lobes obtuse and
somewhat spreading. Stamens inserted about the middle of the tube.
Ovary subglobose, 4-lobed. Style filiform, 2-parted below the middle.
Nutlets ovate-oblong, gray, homomorphous, and all fertile, obtusely
angular and grooved on the face where they adhere to the base of the
style. Albumen none. Cotyledons deeply 2-lobed from the base
nearly to the apex, the radicle originating below the cleft, surrounded
by the four lobules, and protruding beyond them. The cotyledons
may, perhaps, be regarded as excessively auriculate at the base.

The genus Tiquilia was established by Persoon on the Lithospermum
dichotomum of Ruiz & Pavon, and was doubtfully regarded as a section
of Coldenia by De Candolle. The latter genus differs in its nearly
solitary flowers, nutlets connate in pairs, very short style, which is
2-parted at the base, and undivided cotyledons. It is more nearly
related, however, to Galapagoa, Hook. f., and has much the aspect
of G. fusca, which is also an annual, like Tiquilia, although called
perennial by Dr. Hooker. Galapagoa differs chiefly in the stamens
being inserted at the base of the corolla, the style 2-parted at the
base, and the undivided cotyledons.

[Inthe fifth volume of the Proceedings of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences, p. 341 (1862), this plant is characterized by the
present writer under the name of Coldenia (Tiqualiopsis) Nuttall,

Hook. |

Puate 12, A. TiIQUILIA BREVIFOLIA; on the plate, T. OrEGana,
Plant of the natural size. Fig. 1. A flower. 2. Corolla laid open.
3. A calyx-lobe. 4. Pistil. 5. Samein fruit. 6. Same with all the
nutlets but one removed. 7. Nutlet, seen from the inside. 8. Lat-
eral view; the thin pericarp longitudinally divided. 9. Transverse
section of seed through the four divisions of the cotyledons surround-
ing the radicle. 10, Seedentire. 11,12. Theembryo. The details
variously enlarged.

412 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3 LITHOSPERMUM, Tourn.

1. LiTHOSPERMUM RUDERALE, Dougl.
Lithospermum ruderale, Dougl. in Lehm. Pug. 2, p. 28; Lehm. in Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 2, p. 89; DC. Prodr. 10, p. 79.
L. pilosum, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 7, p. 43.

Has. Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory, east of
the Cascade Mountains.

4, MERTENSIA, Roth.

1. Mertensta Srprrica, Don.
Mertensia Sibirica (& M. denticulata), G. Don. Gen. Syst. Bot. 4, p. 319; DC. Prodr.
10, p. 90; Gray in Sill. Jour. 34, p. 340.

Pulmonaria Sibirica, Linn., fide A. Gray, 1. c.; Pursh. Fl. 2, p. 729.
Lithospermum denticulatum, Lehm. Asperif., & in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 87.

Has. Washington Territory, around Puget Sound; in rich soil.

2. MERTENSIA OBLONGIFOLIA, DC.

Mertensia oblongifolia, DC. 1. ¢«.; Hook. Kew. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 295; Gray, 1. ¢.
Pulmonaria oblongifolia, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 48.

Has. On the Kooskooskee River, Washington Territory; in low
grounds: flowering in February; Rev. Mr. Spalding. A broad-leaved
form.

5 MYOSOTIS, Linn.
1. Myosotis vernaA, Nutt.

Has. Sand banks of the Columbia River; flowering in May; Rev.
Mr. Spalding.

BORRAGINACES. 4138

6. AMSINCKIA, Len.

1, AMSINCKIA LycopsorpEs, Lehm.

Amsinckia lycopsoides, Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1836, p. 7; DC. Prodr. 10,
— p. 17.
Lithospermum lycopsoides, Lehm. Pug. 2, p. 28, & in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 89.

Has. Shores of Puget Sound, and interior of Washington Territory ;
southward to San Diego, California—In the Botany of the Mexican
Boundary I remarked that perhaps all the species of this genus
with rugose nutlets may be forms of A. lycopsoides. Whatever doubt
may yet remain on this subject, I believe that all the other species of
De Candolle’s Prodromus, with the exception of A. vernicosa (which is
easily distinguished by its perfectly smooth, shining, and acute nut-
lets), may be reduced toasingle one. The nutlets vary considerably,
and are sometimes scarcely at all rugose on the back. No doubt A.
Douglasiana of Alph. De Candolle is the same as A. spectabilis of Hooker
& Arnott. Specimens of A. angustifolia (from Valparaiso, Matthews) ,
given to me in 1833 by Lindley, cannot be distinguished from what
has been called A. intermedia of California. No dependence can be
placed on the position of the stamens in the tube of the corolla, as I
have shown in the Botany of Whipple’s Report, p. 124.

7, PIPTOCALYX, Nov. Gen.

Calyx cequaliter d-fidus, infra medium transverse deciduus, basi persistente
membranacea obtuse 5-dentata. Corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis,
Sauce nuda. Stamina 5, inclusa: filamenta medio corolle inserta: an-
there ovate, basi sugittate. Nucule ovate, acute, glaberrime, dorso
convexce, angulo interno siylo inferne adnate, Stylus brevissimus :
stigma capitellatum.—Herba Californica, pusilla, ramossima, annua ;
Solus linearibus ; floribus in cymulis foliosis brevissimis terminalibus.

104

414 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

1. PrprocaLyx circumscissus. (Tab. 12, B.)

Lithospermum ? circumscissum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 870; DC. Prodr, 10,
p. 84.

Has. Walla-Walla and Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—
Plant hispid, with grayish hairs, 1 to 3 inches high, branching from
the root and spreading. Leaves 4 to 6 lines long, scarcely a line wide.
Flowers in short terminal leafy racemes, sessile. Calyx cleft to the
middle; the short tube somewhat 5-angled; lobes linear-lanceolate,
erect, densely clothed with long erect hairs; the upper portion of the
tube opaque and deciduous; the lower somewhat hyaline, obtusely
5-toothed, corresponding with 5 notches in the base of the deciduous
portion. Corolla a little longer than the calyx.

Puate 12, B. PiprocaLyx crrcumscissus: an entire plant. Fig. 1.
A flower, enlarged. 2. Corolla laid open, showing the insertion of
the stamens. 3. Calyx, showing the line of separation, magnified.
4. The same, laid open, the upper and lower portions a little separated,
and the lower part of the style remaining. 5. Mature fruit, magnified ;
as are all the following. 6. The same, with all the nutlets but one
removed. 7. Inside view of one of the nutlets. 8. Transverse sec-
tion of the same. 9. Seed. 10. Embryo separated from the same.
The details more or less magnified.

8 ERITRICHIUM, Schrader.
1. Erirricnium LevcopHaum, Alph. DC.

Eritrichium leucopheum, Alph. DC. Prodr. 10, p. 129.
Myosotis leucophea, Dougl.; Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor,.-Am. 2, p. 82, t. 168.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Washington Territory.—A rare
and well-characterized species, easily distinguished by its acute,
shining, perfectly smooth nutlets, which are flat on the back; one or
more of them frequently abortive.

BORRAGINAGCES. : 415

2, ERITRICHIUM GLOMERATUM, DC.

Eritrichium glomeratum, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 131; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 140.
Myosotis glomerata, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 112; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2, p. 82, t. 162.
Cynoglossum glomeratum, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 729.

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory; eastward to
the Great Bend of the Missouri, and southward along the mountains
to New Mexico.—The southern plant has the fruit more depressed,
and the carpels shorter in proportion to the breadth. It may prove
to be a distinct species.

3. ERITRICHIUM PTEROCARYUM, Zorr. (Tab. 13, B.)

E. annuum; caule pilis adpressis canescente erecto basi simplici; foliis
spathulato-linearibus hispidis ; racemis terminalibus plerwmque bifidis
ebracteatis vel remote bracteatis; floribus sessilibus ; calycis laciniis
ovatis acutis hispidis ; corolla parvula caduca, lobis obovatis emar-
ginato-obtusis; nuculis margine alato supra medium dentato cinctis,
dorso scabro planiusculo.

E. pterocaryum, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 142.

Has. Walla-Walla River, Washington Territory. Also found by
Dr. Bigelow and Mr. C. Wright in New Mexico, near the Rio Grande.
—Plant about a span high, erect, branching from near the base, clothed
with short grayish hairs, which are mostly tuberculate at the base.
Leaves half an inch to an inch long, and one or two lines wide, obtuse.
Racemes scorpioid, densely flowered. Flowers very small. Calyx
hispid; the lobes linear-lanceolate, erect, and somewhat elongated in
fruit. Corolla apparently white, with a narrow tube, furnished at
the throat with five minute protuberances which alternate with the
stamens. Anthers nearly sessile, oblong, obtuse, Fruit consisting
of four nutlets, one of which is usually apterous, the other strongly
winged; the wings being as broad as the body, radiatingly striate
and crenately toothed on the margin.

416 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

There are several other species of this genus with heteromorphous
nutlets, but none in which the difference in form is so great as in
this. In our New Mexican specimens the nutlets are often all
winged.

PuaTE 13, B. ErirricHIuM PTEROCARYUM: an entire plant. Fig. 1.
Flower, enlarged. 2. Corolla, laid open and magnified. 3. Fruit,
enlarged. 4. Wingless nutlet; back view. 5. Inside view of the
same. 6. One of the winged nutlets, back view. 7. Face of the
same. 8. Transverse section of a winged carpel. 9. Axis and style.
10. Seed. 11. Embryo.

4, ERITRICHIUM MURICULATUM, Alph. DC. (Tab. 13, A.)

Evritrichium ? muriculatum, Alph. DC. in Prodr. 10, p. 132?
Myosotis muricata, Lehm. in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 369?

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory—The fruit of this plant dif-
fers from the description of Hooker & Arnott in the nutlets being rather
acute, and not densely, but sparsely muriculate. Between the little
prominences the surface is scabrous, with exceedingly minute and
crowded elevated dots. They are about two-thirds the length of the
fructiferous, and are dark gray, mottled with brown. Very often all
but one are abortive. Nearly allied to Z. angustifolium (Torr. in Pacif.
R. Road Expl. 5, p. 363). In that species the stem is branched from
the base, the lobes of the calyx are much narrower and longer, con-
nivent in fruit; the fruit extremely minute, and the roughness of the
surface only perceptible by the aid of a pretty strong lens. Another
allied species is #. pusillwm, but that is much smaller, the lobes of
the calyx ovate, and but little longer than the fruit; the nutlets are
triangular-ovate, and nearly as broad at the base as they are long,
somewhat acuminate, roughened with conspicuous little white warts
on the gibbous back, incurved or hollowed on the face. ‘The four
nutlets are closely approximated into a depressed, somewhat quad-
rangular fruit.

BORRAGINACES. 417

Puate 13, A. ErrrricHium MuRIcULATUM: the entire plant. Fig, 1.
A flower, enlarged. 2. Corolla, laid open and magnified. 38. Ovary
and style. 4. Fruit; one of the nutlets removed to show the style.
5. A back view of one of the nutlets. 6. Face of the same. 7. Seed.
8. Face of the same. 9. Embryo.

5. Erirricuium CaAuirornicum, DC.

Eritrichium Californicum, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 180; Torr. Bot. Whippl. 1. ¢. p. 124.

E. Scouleri, Alph. DC. in Prodr. 1. e.

Myosotis Californica, Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. H. Petrop. 1835, p. 42.

M. Chorisiana, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 152; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 83;
non Cham. & Schlect.

Has. Moist places, Bay of San Francisco, and interior of Washing-
ton Territory.

6. Eritricnium rutvum, Alph. DC.

Eritrichium fuluum, Alph. DC. Prodr. 10, p. 132; Torr. Bot. Whippl. 1. ¢.
Myosotis fulva, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 38; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 88.

Has. Spokane and Kooskooskee Rivers, Washington Territory.

9 KRYNITZKIA, Fisch. & Mey.

1. KRYNITZKIA LEIOCARPA, Fisch. & Mey.

Krynitzkia leiocarpa, Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. H. Petrop. 1841, p. 52; DC. Prodr.
10, p. 185; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 124.
Myposotis flaccida, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 42.

Has. Columbia River; between the mouth of the Spokane and
Colville; frequent also in California, and as far south as the Colorado
River.

105

418 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

10. PECTOCARYA, DC.
1. PECTOCARYA LATERIFLORA, DC.

Pectocarya laterifloru, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 120.
Cynoglossum pilosum, Ruiz & Pay. Fl. Peruy. 2, p. 6, t. 8, f. 6.

Has. Near Fort Okanagan and other trading forts on the Upper
Columbia; probably introduced by cattle from farther south, or per-
haps from Peru.—The characters assigned to the four species of Péecto-
carya, described in the Prodromus, are not reliable, and we strongly
doubt whether there is more than one species of that genus. Our
Okanagan plant is intermediate between P. lateriflora and P. Chilensis.
P. penicillata usually has the nutlets pectinate chiefly on the upper
half; but, frequently, with the exception of a short naked interval,
the lower half is pectinate also. Nuttall’s Cynoglossum pilosum (C.
Nuttallii, Spreng.), which Alph. DeCandolle referred to P. penicillata,
is a species of Echinospermum. In our specimens of Pect. penicillata
the margin of the nutlets is pectinate with uncinate (not glochidiate)
hairs, as in the other species. In the Prodromus (in a note) there is
an error, which is probably accidental, as to the direction of the radi-
cle of Pectocarya. It is inferior in all the specimens that we have
examined.

ll ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz.

1, EcHINOSPERMUM PATULUM, Lehm.

Echinospermum patulum, Lehm. Asperif. p. 124; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 84; DC.
Prodr. 10, p. 187; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 142.

Haz. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—This species 1s
pretty widely diffused over the country west of the Mississippi. It
occurs as far south as Eagle Pass on the Rio Grande. No. 634 of
Fendler’s and 1569 of Wright’s New Mexican collections are the same
as the plant of the Exploring Expedition. The Rey. Mr. Spalding
collected on the Kooskooskee a variety of this species in which the
prickles of the nutlets are shorter, and tapering from a broad base.

HYDROPHYLLACEGA. 419

2. ECHINOSPERMUM FLORIBUNDUM, Lehm.

Echinospermum floribundum, Lehm. Pug. 2, p. 24; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Ain. 2, p. 54,
t. 164; DC. Prodr. 10, p. 143.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory; in various places.—
This is placed among the doubtful species of Echinospermum by De
Candolle, who appears to have overlooked the full description and
excellent figure of Hooker, 1. c. It seems to be most nearly related
to E. brachycentrum of Ledebour. The nutlets are somewhat hetero-
morphous; two opposite ones having a wider margin than the other
two. Our plant is the same as No. 633 of Fendler’s New Mexican
collection.

Orv. dt. HYDROPHYLLACE &.

1 HYDROPHYLLUM, Tourn.
1. Hypropuytitum Vireinicum, Linn.
Has. Oregon and Washington Territory—This differs from the

eastern plant only in the smaller flowers, and in the filaments being
much less hairy near the middle.

2. HypDROPHYLLUM CAPITATUM, Dougl.

Has. Spipen River, Washington Territory; in moist places. —The
root consists of long thick fasciculate fibres which abound in starch.

420 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2 NEMOPHILA, Mutt.
1. NEMOPHILA PARVIFLORA, Benth.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound; on exposed moist banks.—Alph. De
Candolle has united N. pedunculata of Bentham with this species, but
we think it is distinct, if we have identified Bentham’s plant. See
the Botany of Whipple’s Pacific Railroad Report, p. 142. Speci-
mens of what we take to be a form of MW. parviflora were collected at
the entrance to Puget Sound by Dr. Pickering. They differ in their
much larger and thinner leaves and more lax habit, and so much re-
semble Eilisia nucrocalyxz of Nuttall (which Fischer and Meyer have
properly removed to Nemophila) that it is difficult to distinguish them.
The appendages of the calyx in each are very small, and might easily
be overlooked without, close inspection.

3. PHACELIA, Juss.
1. PaacetiA (Evtoca) Menzizsi.

Eutoca Menzies, R. Br. App. Frank. Narr. p. 764, t. 27, & ed. 2, p. 51; Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am, 2, p. 79, & Bot. Mag. t. 3762; Alph. DC. Prodr. 9, p. 295.
E. heterophylla, Torr. in Stansbury Rep. p. 393.

Has. Oregon and Washington Territory; common in prairies.

2. PHACELIA CIRCINATA, Jacq. f.

Phacelia circinata, Jacq. fil. Ecl. 1, p. 185, t. 95; Alph. DC. Prodr. 9, p. 298.
P. heterophylla, Pursh Fl. 1, p. 140; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 80.

Has. Oregon, Washington Territory, and California; southward to
the Straits of Magellan.

POLEMONIACES. 421

3. PHACELIA RAMOSISSIMA, Doug.

Phacelia ramosissima, Doug]. in Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 17, p. 280; Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 2, p. 80; Alph. DC. Prodr. 9, p. 299.

Has. Near Fort Okanagan on the Upper Columbia.

4, ERIODYCTION, Benth.
1. ERtopyction eLutinosum, Benth.
Eriodyction glutinosum, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 35; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 10, p. 183;
Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 148.
E. angustifolium, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Jour. Acad. Phil. n. ser. 1, p. 181.
Wigandia ? Californica, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 364, t. 88.

Haz. Mountains of Northern California, and Valley of the Sacra-
mento; not uncommon.

Orn58§ POLEMONIACE &.

1PHLUOX, Linn.
1. PHtox speciosa, Pursh.

Phlox speciosa, Pursh. Fl. 1, p. 149; Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 8, p. 256.
P, occidentalis, Durand in Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 125.
P. divaricata, Durand, Pl. Pratten. in Jour. Acad. Philad. n. ser. 1, p. 97.

Var. SABINI: corolle lobis obovatis basi cuneatis integerrimis vel retusis.

P. Sabini, Dougl. in Hook.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 305.
106

422 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Has. On the Spipen River, Washington Territory.—Plant about a
foot high, branching from the shrubby base. Leaves narrowly lance-
olate, smoothish when old, the margin thickened. Flowers about as
large asin P. subulata. Style shorter than the stigmas. The Var.
Sabini: between the Cascade Mountains and the Upper Columbia;
also near Fort Okanagan, Washington Territory—A shrubby species,
seldom more than a foot high, often prostrate. Leaves linear-subulate,
pungent, 1 to 22 inches long, and 1 or 2 lines wide, more or less
pubescent, the axils naked and fasciculate. Flowers in small, loose,
terminal cymes. Calyx usually about half as long as the tube of the
corolla; the teeth narrowly lanceolate, with a long subulate point.
Corolla three-fourths of an inch long, the lobes entire or emarginate.
Style long and slender. Ovules solitary in each cell of the ovary. It
~ is not possible to determine, without an examination of the original
specimens of Pursh, whether this is his P. speciosa, but it agrees suf-
ficiently well with his description, and we have it also from the region
where those specimens were collected by Lewis. The variety elatior
of Hooker, of which we have specimens named by that distinguished
botanist, differs in its very short style and elongated stigmas. We
have it also from the hills of the Upper Sacramento, where it was
collected by Fremont in 1846. P. speciosa, of Bentham, in DC. Prodr.,
differs in the cells of the ovary being binovulate.

2. Putox Douce asi, Hook.

Phlox Douglas, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 78, t. 158; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9,
p. 306.

Has. Base of the Cascade Mountains, on the eastern side.—Rather
more densely cespitose, and the leaves shorter than in Hooker’s figure,
but wholly like specimens of a Phlox collected by Fremont in Utah,
and named P. Douglasii by Bentham.

3. PHLOX CANESCENS, Zorr. & Gray.

Phlox canescens, Torr. & Gray in Pacif. R. Road Expl. 2, p. 122, t. 6.
P. Hoodii, Torr. in Stansb. Rep. p. 324.

Has. Cascade Mountains of Washington Territory; eastern side.

POLEMONIACES. 423

2 COLLOMIA, Nuit.
1. CoLLoMIA LINEARIS, Nutt.

Has. Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers; eastward to the Upper
Missouri.

2. CoLLOMIA GRANDIFLORA, Dougl.

Has. Columbia River and its tributaries in Oregon and Washington ~
Territory; also around Puget Sound.

3. COLLOMIA GRACILIS, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Gray’s “Harbor, Puget Sound, and Upper Columbia; south-
ward to California and New Mexico.

4, CoLLOMIA LINOIDES, Nutt.

Collomia linoides, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. n. ser. 1, 159.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Washington Territory.—Plant
about a foot high, with numerous upright branches. Lower leaves often
pinnately 3-5-parted, the divisions narrowly linear; upper stem leaves
entire, narrowly linear, erect. Flowers racemose on the branches,
the pedicels very short. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft nearly to the
middle, the lobes narrowly oblong, abruptly tipped with a short point.
Corolla pale purple, scarcely 2 lines long, the tube slender and a little
longer than the calyx, lobes of the border oblong, obtuse with a mucro.
Style shorter than the tube of the corolla, the extremity 3-cleft. Ovary
with a single ovule in each cell. I have not seen Nuttall’s specimens
of his C. linoides, but our plant seems to be the same as a Collomia found
by Fremont in his second journey; probably somewhere in the Rocky
Mountains. [This is Gilia minutiflora, Benth. in DC. Prodr., and is
referred to that genus in the revision of Polemoniacew by A. Gray.]

424 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3 NAVARRETIA, Ruiz & Pw.
1. NAVARRETIA INTERTEXTA, Hook.
Navarretia intertexta, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p.75; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 309.

Has. Fort Colville and Spokane River, Washington Territory.—
The specimens are all unbranched, and not more than three or four
inches high. The cells of the ovary 3-ovuled. |

2. NAVARRETIA SQUARROSA, Hook. & Arn.

Navarretia squarrosa, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 368; Benth. in DC. Prodr.
9, p. 910.

Has. Near San Francisco, California; a dwarf prostrate form, prob-
ably resulting from injury.

3. NAVARRETIA HETEROPHYLLA, Benth.

Navarretia heterophylla, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 509.
Collomia heterophylla, Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2895; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1347.

Has, Oregon and Washington Territory; common; southward to
California.—Extremely variable in the foliage; the extreme forms
being so different that they seem hardly to belong to the same species.
The leaves in some specimens are entire, and in others bipinnately

divided.

4, GILIA, Ruiz & Pav.
1. Gitta conGcEsTA, Hook.

Gilia congesta, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 75; & Ic. Pl. t. 235; Benth. in DC.
Prodr. 9, p. 311.

Has. Between the mouth of Spokane River and Fort Colville,
Washington Territory; also on the Klamath, Northern California.—
This species is annual, or perhaps biennial; not perennial, as stated
by Bentham.

POLEMONIACES. 495

2. GiL1a InconspPicuA, Dougl.

Gilia inconspicua, Dougl. in Bot. Mag. 2883 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 74; Benth.
in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 812.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River; a common species in Oregon and
California.

3. GILIA AGGREGATA, Spreng.

Gila aggregata, Spreng. Syst. 1, p. 626; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. n. ser. 3, t. 218;

Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 146.

G. pulchella, Doug]. in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 74; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
p. 866; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 315.

Cantua aggregata, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 147.

Ipomeria aggregata, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 124.

Ipomopsis elegans, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1281.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory and Oregon; also on the
Upper Missouri, arid southward to New Mexico.

4, GILIA PHARNACEOIDES, Benth.

Gilia pharnaceoides, Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1622; & in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 315;
Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 74; t. 161.

Has. Puget Sound and Upper Columbia; southward to California.

5, GILIA TENELLA, Benth.

Has. Port Discovery, and vicinity of Nisqually, Washington Ter-
ritory ; its most northern station known. [This was referred to G.
micrantha, but the species has since been distinguished. ]

107

426 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

6. GILIA PUNGENS, Benth.

Gilia pungens & G. Hookeri, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 316.
Cantua pungens, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 220.
Phlox Hookeri, Doug]. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 73, t. 159.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.—The original scanty
specimen of Cantua pungens, collected on Long’s expedition to the
Rocky Mountains, is sufficient to show that it is identical with Phlox
Hookeri of Douglas, and, consequently, Gilia Hookert of Bentham.
Like P. Californica, it is shrubby, as stated by Hooker and Arnott,
and not herbaceous, as recorded in the Prodromus. According to
Dr. Pickering’s notes, this species in favorable situations grows a foot
or two high, and forms thickets, which are almost impenetrable
from the rigid branches and pungent leaves.

5. POLEMONIUM, Linn.

1. PoLEMONIUM CHRULEUM, Linn.

Has. Between the Spokane and the Kooskooskee Rivers.—Plant
from two to four feet high.

2. POLEMONIUM HUMILE, Willd.

Has. Hastern base of the Cascade Mountains, Washington Ter-
ritory.— Plant 4 to 6 inches high. [This, the P. pulcherrimum of
Hooker, with its allied forms, was referred to the preceding species.
Had the manuscript been revised by the author, it would probably
have been distinguished as above, and other changes made in con-
formity with the Revision of North American Polemoniacex, in
Proc. Am. Acad., referred to above. |

Orv. 59. CONVOLVULACE &.

1 CALYSTEGIA, R. Br.

1. CAtysTEGIA sEpIuM, R. Br.
Has. Valley of the Sacramento, and near San Francisco, Cali-
fornia; apparently indigenous.
2. CALYSTEGIA SOLDANELLA, R. Br.

Has. Sandy beaches, Puget Sound, and near Gray’s Harbor, Wash-
ington Territory; southward along the coast of California.

2, CRESS A, Linn.

1. Cressa Cretica, Linn., Var. TRUXILLENSIS, Choisy, in DC.

Has. Base of hills on the Lower Sacramento, California; its most
northern station hitherto recorded.

38. CUSCUTA, Tourn.

[The MSS. of the species of Cuscuta of this collection had not been
prepared. ‘The species are comprised in Dr. Engelmann’s monograph
of the genus, in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy ot
Science. ]

Orv. 60. SOLANACE &.

1 SOLANUM, Ln.
1. SOLANUM UMBELLIFERUM, Esch

Solanum umbelliferum, Eschscholtz, in Mem. St. Petersb. 10, p. 220; Torr. Bot.
Whippl. Rep. 1. c. p. 127, & Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 151.
S. Californicum, S. genistoides, & S. Menzies, Dunal, in DC. Prodr.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—Suffrutescent, 3 feet high,
with upright rigid branches. Leaves scarcely an inch long, ovate,
entire, densely pubescent on both sides. Flowers in small terminal
clusters, deep blue, about half an inch in diameter. Fruit very deep
purple, the size of an ordinary cherry.

2. SoLANUM NIGRUM, Linn.

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California; probably brought from
farther south.

2 NICOTIANA, Linn.

1, NICOTIANA QUADRIVALYIS, Pursh.

Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 141; Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 182; Hook. Fi.
Bor.-Am. 2, p. 91; Dunal, in DC. Prodr. 18, part 1, p. 571.

Has. Near Santa Clara, California, where it is abundant and ap-
parently indigenous. This species is cultivated by the aborigines,
from Western Kansas to the Pacific. Nuttall says that he nowhere
found it growing spontaneously.

GENTIANACES. 429

2. NICOTIANA MULTIVALVIS, Lindl.

Nicotiana multivalvis, Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1057; Hook. 1. c.; Dunal in DC. 1. ¢.

Has. Sandy plains of the Umpqua River, Northern California;
perhaps only a variety of N. quadrivalvis—In our specimens the
capsule is only 5-celled.

Orv. 61. GENTIANACE SZ.

l1FRASERA, Walt.
1. FRASERA ALBICAULIS, Hook.

Frasera albicaulis, Griseb. Gent. p. 330; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 69, t. 154, & in
DC. Prodr. 9, p. 181.
F. nitida, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 322; Torr. Bot. Whippl. 1. e. p. 126.

Has. On the Spokane River, Washington Territory; southward to
California.

2. FRASERA THYRSIFLORA, Hook.

F. caule erecto simplict elato glabro ; foliis ternatim verticillatis oblongo-
lanceolatis ; panicula densiflora elongata; calycis segmentis lanceolato-
linearibus ; fovers solitartis transverse oblongo-orbiculatis prope basim
corollcee loborum ; corona nulla.

Frasera Carolinensis, Griseb. in Hook, FI. Bor.-Am, 2, p. 66, excl. syn.
Ff’, thyrsiflora. Hook. in Jour. Bot. & Kew. Misc. 3, p. 288.

108

430 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

Has. On the Kooskooskee River, in rich prairies; rare—Stem 3
to 5 feet high, stout. Radical leaves wanting. Lower stem-leaves
9 or 6 inches long, and an inch or more broad, acute, upper ones
gradually smaller. Panicle, or rather compound cyme, contracted,
3 or 4 inches long, many-flowered, the flowers smaller than in F. Caro-
linensis: corolla apparently greenish-white. Stamens half the length
of the corolla: anthers broadly ovate. Capsule much compressed,
ovate, acute. Seeds 10 to 15, flat, winged.

This species, although much resembling F. Curolinensis, seems to
be quite distinct. In the latter the paniculate cymes are loosely
flowered ; the ciliate glands or foves are orbicular-obovate, and seated
almost in the middle of the division of the corolla, and the anthers
are narrowly oblong. The species of this collection was distinguished
and described as above before it was noticed that Sir William Hooker
had characterized it from Geyer’s collection. According to Geyer the
corolla is “litmus-blue.”

2 GHNTIANA, Zourn.
1. GENTIANA SCEPTRUM, Griseb.

Gentiana sceptrum, Griseb. Gent. p. 293, & in Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2, p. 57,
t. 145, & in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 115.

Has. Near the Umpqua River, Oregon; in marshes.—Stem erect,
straight, 3 feet high, perfectly smooth. Leaves 2 to 24 inches long,
and 6 or 7 lines wide, a little narrowed at the base. Flowers few, in
terminal and axillary clusters. Lobes of the calyx spatulate-lanceo-
late, as long as the tube. Corolla 12 inches long, tubular-inflated; the
lobes ovate, obtuse: plicee, or appendages, almost wanting, one-toothed.
Capsule at length somewhat exserted. Seeds wingless.

2. GENTIANA CALYCOSA, Griseb.

Gentiana ealycosa, Griseb. Gent. p. 292, & in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 58, t. 146,
& in DC. Prodr. 9, p. 115.

Has. Between the Spokane and the Kooskooskee Rivers, Wash-
ington Territory.—Specimens without flowers.

GENTIANACES. 431

3. GENTIANA AFFINIS, Griseb.

Gentiana affinis, Griseb. Gent. p. 289, & in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 56; & in
DC. Prodr. 9, p. 114.

Has. In moist places on the Cascade Mountains, Washington Ter-
ritory.

4, GENTIANA AcuTA, Michx.? Var.

Gentiana acuta, Michx. Fl. 1, p. 114.

Has, Mountains of Northern California; in wet places——Plant
about a span high, more or less branched, slender. Inflorescence
loose and somewhat racemose ; the flowers mostly solitary, and on ped-
icels 5 to 10 lines long. Calyx 5-parted almost to the base, sometimes
scarcely half the length of the tube of the corolla, but more com-
monly nearly equalling it. Corolla “cream color, with a blue tint,”
about 8 lines long, 5-lobed; the lobes less than half the length of the
tube, oblong, obtuse, entire, covered with about 12 slender subulate
processes, arising from near the base of the lobe. Stamens 5; with no
glands at the base of the filaments. Capsule oblong-linear, conspicu-
ously stipitate, at length partly exserted. Seeds orbicular, much com-
pressed, wingless.

3 MENYANTHES, Tourn. .
1. MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA, Linn.

Has. Upper. Columbia, Washington Territory, and southward to
San Francisco.—Resembling in all respects the plant of the Eastern
States and of Europe.

432 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. MENYANTHES PUMILA, Dougl. MSS.

Villarsia pumila, Griseb. Gent. p. 388. & in Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2, p. 70, t. 157, B.

Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries, Washington Territory.—
Grisebach (1. c.) states that he could not determine the position of
the ovules, and there was no fruit in the specimens which he exam-
ined, so that he was uncertain whether the plant was really a Villarsva
or a species of Menyanthes. Our specimens afford the fruit in perfec-
tion, and there can be no doubt that the placente are in the middle
of the valves; so that the plant cannot be a Villavsia. The valves, too,
remain entire when the capsule is quite old, and has discharged its
seeds. In the position of the placentze this species resembles Menyan-
thes, but it differs greatly in habit, and in the seeds being reticulate-
pitted. In some of our specimens several of the capsules were tri-
carpellary.

[Referred rightly by Porter (Hayden’s Rep., 1872) to the genus
HESPEROCHIRON, Watson in King’s Reports, 5, p, 281. H. Californicus,
Watson, l. c., t. 30, is probably but a form of this. ]

Orv. 6 ASCLEPIADACE &.

l1ASCLEPIAS, Linn.
1. ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA, Zbrr.
Aselepias speciosa, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. York, 2, p. 218.
A. Douglasu, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 53, t. 142; Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8,
p- 564.

Has. Upper Columbia River and southward to the Valley of the
Sacramento.—In the California specimens the leaves are thicker,

APOCYNACES. 433

more obtuse, and more tomentose. The fruit (which has hitherto not
been described) is much like that of A. cornuti, being ovate-oblong,
bluntly acuminate, and covered with soft subulate processes.

2. ASCLEPIAS FASCICULARIS, Decaisne.

Asclepias fascicularis, Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8, p. 569.
A. macrophylla, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Jour. Acad. Philad. (n. ser.) 1, p. 180.

Has. On the Willamette River, Oregon, and along the Sacramento,
California. :

Orv. 68. APOCYNACE SA.

l APOCYNUM, Tourn.
1, APOCYNUM ANDROSZMIFOLIUM, Linn.

Has. On the Columbia, and its tributaries in Washington Territory
and Oregon; southward tothe Valley of the Sacramento.

2. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM, Linn.

Has. Washington Territory to San Francisco, California.—Both
species extend over the whole breadth of the continent.

109

Orv. 64. OLEACE &.

1 FRAXINUS, Tourn.
1. Fraxina OreGANa, Nuit.

Fraxinus Oregana, Nutt. Sylv. 3, p. 59, t. 99; Torr. Pl. Whippl. 1. c. p. 128.
F. pubescens, var., Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 51.
F. grandifolia, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 33.

Has. Puget Sound to the Upper Sacramento, California. On the
Lower Sacramento, a variety (glabrescens); the leaflets four pairs, oval,
rather obtuse, entire or slightly serrate, glabrous above, and almost
so beneath.

Orv. 6. ARISTOLOCHIACE &.

l1 ARISTOLOCHIA, Tourn.
1. ARISTOLOCHIA CALIFORNICA, Zorr.
Aristolochia Californica, Torr. in Pacif. Railroad Expl. (Bot. Whippl.) 4, p. 128.

Has. On the Sacramento River, California.—The specimens are
without flowers and fruit, but there can be no doubt of the species.

NYCTAGINACES. 435

They were overlooked when I was describing the plant in the work
just quoted. Before receiving the flowers from Dr. Bigelow and Dr.
Hulse, I supposed the plant might be a variety of A. tomentosa, which,
in foliage, it greatly resembles.

2 ASARUM, Tourn.
1. ASARUM cAUDATUM, Lind.

Asarum caudatum, Lind]. Bot. Reg. t. 1399.
A. Hookeri, Fielding, Sert. Plant, fol. & tab. 32; Torr. 1. ce.
A. Canadense, var., Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 139.

Has. Oregon and California.—All our specimens have the long at-
tenuated lobes of the corolla, and I have seen no forms intermediate
between this species and A. Canadense. It is also taller and more
disposed to branch than the eastern plant, but the root has the same
warm aromatic taste. It is, however, bitter.

Orv. 66. NYCTAGINACE &.

l1 ABRONTA, Juss.
1. ABRONIA MELLIFERA, Dougl. in Hook.

Abronia mellifera, Dougl. in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2879; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 13,
2, p. 485; Torr. in Bot. Whippl., excl. var. nana.

Has. Banks of the Walla-Walla River, Oregon.—In revising the
species of Abronia, I am led to the conclusion that A. mellifera of the
Botany of the Mexican Boundary Survey embraces two distinct spe-

436 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

cies. The plant of the Rio Grande Valley differs from that of Cali-
fornia and Oregon in the wings of the fruit being truncate and in-
flated at the summit, while downward they become gradually narrower
to the base of the calyx-tube. I propose to call this species A. tur-
binata.

2. ABRONIA ARENARIA, Menzies in Hook. 1. c.

Has. On the strand of Gray’s Harbor and Dungeness, Washington
Territory ; abundant also around San Francisco, forming patches on
the shore 2 to 3 feet in diameter, producing its orange-yellow flowers
allthe season. The fruit is mostly 5-winged; the wings rigid, broad-
est and obtusely angular a little above the middle, and narrowed at
both extremities. |

A. umbellata, the other of the two sea-shore species, with pink-purple
blossoms, appears not to have been collected.

Orv. 67. CHENOPODIACE.

1. CHENOPODIUM, Linn.

1. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM, Linn.

Has. Shores of Puget Sound; also on the Upper Columbia and on
the Lower Sacramento. Doubtless of European origin.

CHENOPODIACES. 437

2, BLITUM, Tourn.
1. Buirum rusroum, Linn. ?

Has. Bay of San Francisco, California; the specimens insufficient

for proper determination. [It is Blitum Californicum, 8. Watson,
yet unpublished. ]

3. ATRIPLEX, Tourn.
1. ATRIPLEX HASTATA, Linn.
2, ATRIPLEX LITTORALIS, Linn.

Has. The first in California, on the shores of the Bay of San
Francisco; the second at Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.

4, OBIONE, Gert.
1. OBIONE LEUCOPHYLLA, Moguin.

Has. California, in the vicinity of San Francisco.

[Two other species are indicated, but not determined: one from
Spokane River, Washington Territory, without flowers or fruit; the
other from the Bay of San Francisco. No specimens are found in
Dr. Torrey’s herbarium. ]

5 GRAYIA, Hook. & Arn.
1. GRAYIA POLYGALOIDES, Hook. & Arn.

Grayia polygaloides, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 338; Hook. Ic. t. 271.
G. spinosa, Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13, part. 2, p. 110.
Chenopodium? spinosum, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 127 (mas).

Has. On the Walla-Walla and Upper Columbia, as far north as
Spokane River; sometimes attaining the height of six feet.
110

438 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

6 EUROTIA, Adans.
1. Euroria CERATOIDES, C. A. Meyer.

Has. On the. Walla-Walla River, and through the interior of
Oregon, &c.

7 CORISPERMUM, Lunn.
1. CorrspermMum Hyssoprrotium, Linn.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Oregon, and through the inte-
rior.—Variable in the form and length of the bracts, as well as in the
inflorescence.

8 SALICORNIA, Tourn.
1. SALICORNIA AMBIGUA, Micha.

Has. Shores of the Bay of San Francisco, and at Nisqually, Wash-
ington Territory—We have not the means of comparing our plant
with S. radicans of Europe. It is certainly the same as Hooker’s
Salicornia radicans, of which we have authentic specimens collected
at the Straits of De Fuca by Dr. Scouler. It is common on the
Atlantic coast of the United States, from Maine to Florida, and it
always seems to keep distinct from S. herbacea.

9. SU ADA, Forsh.

1. Suapa MARITIMA, Dumort.

Has. Saline soil on the Lower Sacramento, California. [No an-
nual species is otherwise known from this region, and the specimens,
unfortunately, are not preserved in the Torrey herbarium. ]

CHENOPODIACES. 439

2. SUEDA FRUTICOSA, Forsh.

Has. Shores of San Francisco Bay.—A stout, densely-leaved form,
of which we have specimens from Chihuahua and other parts of
Mexico. A more slender variety, with shorter and narrower leaves,
occurs on the Lower Sacramento. This, as the seeds are much more
commonly horizontal than vertical, may be S. dendroides, Mogq.
Chenop., which, again, is probably not distinct from S. fruticosa.
[The shrubby Sueda of the Bay of San Francisco is now determined
by 8. Watson to be distinct, both from the foreign S. fruticosa, and
from the Mexican plant referred to.]

10. SARCOBATUS, Nees,
1. SARCOBATUS VERMICULARIS, Zorr.

Sarcobatus vermicularis, Torr. in Emory’s Rep. p. 149.
S. Maximiham, Nees. in App. Maximil. Trav. (ed. Angl.) p. 518; Seubert in Bot.
Zeit. 1844, p. 753, t. 7.
Fremontia vermicularis, Torr. in Frem. 1st Rep. p. 95; & in 2d Rep. p. 317, t. 3.
- Batis? vermiculatus, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 128.

Has. Interior of Oregon and Washington Territory.—It is re-
markable that this well-characterized Chenopodiaceous plant (which
is the Pulpy Thorn of Lewis & Clark), should have been doubtfully
referred by Nees to Urticacew, and a suspicion expressed by that acute
botanist that it might belong to Huphorbiacee. The female flowers
are often overlooked, being very small, and partly concealed in the
axils of the leaves.

Orv. 68 AMARANTACE &.

1 AMARANTUS, Linn.

1]. AMARANTUS ALBUS, Linn.

Has. Around settlements on the Walla-Walla, Washington Ter-
ritory ; introduced from Central America.

2 NITROPHILA, S. Watson.
1. NITROPHILA OCCIDENTALIS, S. Watson.

Banalia? (Idiopsis) occidentalis, Moquin in DC. Prodr. 13, 1, p. 279.
Nitrophila occidentalis, S. Watson, Bot. C. King, Explor. 40th par. p. 297.

Has. Saline plains at the base of hills on the Lower Sacramento,
California.—Plant 4 to 6 inches high, branching from a perennial
base; the branches erect. Leaves about half an inch long, and half a
line wide, slightly connate at the base. Flowers a line and a half
long, with two foliaceous bracteoles next the axis. Sepals oblong-
lanceolate, acute, whitish, chartaceous, smooth. Stamens two-thirds
the length of the sepals: filaments subulate from a broad base, where
they are slightly connate: anthers obtuse, 2-lobed at the base. Uvtri-
culus nearly as long as the persistent sepals, acuminate, chartaceous.
Seed black and shining; the albumen copious: cotyledons linear.

POLYGONACES. 44]

This genus is nearly related to Polycnemum and Hemichroa ; and has
also a strong resemblance to Halimocnemis of Chenopodiaceee, of which
it was considered a species by Nuttall. We think, however, that it
belongs to Amaranthacew, and that it is distinct from Banalia, as was
suspected by Moquin.

[Dr. Torrey had characterized this as a new genus; but, as it has
now already been published by Mr. Watson, as above, the name and
technical character given by the former become superfluous. |

Orv. 69 POLYGONACE &.

l ERIOGONUM, Michz*

1. Eriogonum spH#ROcEPHALUM, Dougl. in Benth.

Has. Spipen River, Washington Territory.—A diffusely branched
little shrub, seldom rising more than 6 inches above the ground.
Leaves three-fourths of an inch long, and about 2 lines wide. Head
of flowers three-fourths of an inch in diameter. Tube of the perianth
attenuate below and into a short stalk which is articulated to the
pedicel.

* A monograph of this genus, and the tribe it mainly represents, was published in
the year 1870, in the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
vol. 8, pp. 145-200, under the title of A Revision of the Eriogonee, by John Torrey
and Asa Gray. And the new species of the present collection had also been commu-
nicated to Mr. Bentham long before, and published in the fourteenth volume of De
Candolle’s Prodromus. Accordingly no characters are given in the present enumera-
tion, and the synonymy is omitted as now superfluous. One or two points of difference
between the Revision and the present account (which it is not worth while to harmonize)
are explained by the fact that, while this account was prepared several years ago by
Dr. Torrey, the Revision was wholly written by his associate.

111

449 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. ERI0GONUM THYMOIDES, Benth. in DC.

Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries, Washington Territory. —
Stem prostrate, tortuous, and woolly; very much branched. Leaves
very small and crowded, hoary-tomentose, appearing somewhat terete
. from revolute margins, which extend almost to the midrib. Flower-
ing branches elongated, leafless, or bearing a fascicle of leaves near
the middle. Head of flowers half an inch in diameter. Perianth
dark-red, densely clothed with white woolly hairs, which are reflexed
towards the base; the 3 exterior divisions orbicular, cordate ‘at the
base; the inner ones broadly obovate, and a little smaller. Pedicels
articulated to the attenuated base of the flower. This species is cer-
tainly, as Bentham remarks, very near EZ. andinum, Nutt., and may
not be distinct.

3. ERIOGONUM OVALIFOLIUM, Nutz.

Has. Valley of Klamath River, borders of Northern California ;
in dry prairies.—The flowers vary from nearly white and pale yellow
to dull purplish-red, and the species evidently includes E. purpureum,
Nutt., Benth. (Hucycla, Nutt.), as a mere variation.

4, ErioGoNuM ANGuUSTIFOLIUM, Nutt., Benth. in DC.

Has. On the Spipen and Yakima Rivers, between the Cascade
Mountains and the Upper Columbia; a rare species.

5. Eriogonum compositum, Dougl. in Benth.

Has. Eastern base of the Cascade Mountains to the Upper Colum
bia; also on the Kooskooskee.—Peduncles 12 to 18 inches long.
Perianth yellow, smooth and shining, attenuated at the base to a
short stalk, which is articulated to the pedicel. Achenium pubescent
near the summit. Embryo nearly straight.

POLYGONACE&. 443

6. Ertogonum PpoLtyantuum, Benth. in DC. (Tab. 14, B.)

Has. Headwaters of the Sacramento, Northern California, where
it was found also by Col. Fremont and Dr. Newberry.—Plant woody
and decumbent at the base, the branches assurgent, 12 to 18 inches
high. Umbel of 4 to7 simple rays. Perianth yellow, much enlarged
after flowering.

Priate 14, B. Eriogonum potyanrnum: the entire plant (except
the prostrate stem) of the natural size. Fig. 1. A head of flowers;
the involucre laid open longitudinally, 2. The involucre and persis-
tent pedicels, after the flowers have fallen. 3. Upper part of the
involucre laid open. 4. A separate flower, with its pedicel and brac-
teole. 5. One of the inner divisions of the perianth, with three
stamens inserted near its base. 6. A stamen. 7. Achenium and
persistent styles. 8. A seed. 9. The same longitudinally divided.
10. Transverse section of the same. 11. Embryo, all the details
more or less magnified.

7. ERIOGONUM LATIFOLIUM, Smith.

Has. California, in the vicinity of San Francisco; including £.
oblongifolium, Benth., as a less robust variety, with leaves inclined to
be acute at base. [The var.? minus, Benth., from Spokane River,
Washington Territory is probably of some other species, but the
specimen is insufficient for determination. |]

8. ERIOGONUM AFFINE, Benth. in DC.

Has. Umpqua River, Northern Oregon.—Plant 12 to 18 inches
high. Primordial leaves much larger than the later ones, acute: at
the base, the petioles very long; secondary leaves about an inch long.
Peduncle bi-trichotomously divided at the summit. Involucre tubular-
campanulate, somewhat truncate, and obtusely 5-toothed. Perianth
smooth; the divisions nearly equal. Filaments and ovary smooth.
Bracteole plumose. Embryo a little curved. Perhaps too near the
following.

444 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

9. Eriogonum nupuM, Dougl. in Benth.

Has. Southern Oregon and Valley of the Sacramento. Leaves
green above in the living plant and white underneath; but in dry
specimens brown above and tawny on the underside. Scape-like
peduncles 2 to 3 feet long. Flowers cream-colored.

10. Ertoconum ELAtUM, Dougl. in Benth.

Has. Between the Spipen River and Upper Columbia; also on the
Walla-Walla; commonly on hillsides —Root or rhizoma thick and
ligneous. Leaves 3 to 6 inches long and 14 to 2 inches wide; the
petiole about the length of the lamina. Peduncle 4 or 5 feet long.
Perianth not attenuated at the base, the divisions nearly equal, hairy
near the middle externally. Bracteoles hairy.

11. ErtoGonum DECUMBENS, Benth.

Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries, Washington Territory;
common on sandy banks.

12. Erioconum TRACHYGONUM, Zorn. in DC.

Has. Valley of the Upper Sacramento, California.—Much branched
from a decumbent woody base; the ascending branches about a foot
or more high. Inner divisions of the perianth a little longer and
narrower than the outer ones. Ovary and achenium muriculate
scabrous on the angles.

13, ERIOGONUM ACETOSELLOIDES, Zorr. in DC. (Tab. 14, A.)

Has. On the American Fork of the Sacramento, California. We
have it also from the Lower Sacramento, collected by the Rev. Mr.
Fitch and Mr. Shelton.

POLYGONACES. 445

Prats 14, A. ERioGONUM ACETOSELLOIDES: an entire plant of the
natural size. Fig. 1. Involucre and bracts. 2. A separate flower,
with its pedicel and a single bracteole. 38. Portion of a pedicel with
two bracteoles. 4. A stamen, front view. 5. Back view of the same.
6. An exterior division of the perianth. 7. An inner division of the
perianth, with three stamens attached toits base. 8. Ovary. 9. Ache-
nium. 10. Seed. 11 and 12. Embryos; the latter from a perfectly
mature seed.

14, Eriogonum vimineum, Dougl. in Benth.

Has. Kooskooskee River, Washington Territory, and Rogue River,
Northern Oregon; also, the var. eriocladon, Benth., Lower Sacra-
mento, California.

15, Er1ogonuM CONFERTIFLORUM, Benth. in DC.

Has. Shasta River, in Northern California, and on the Walla-
Walla, in Oregon.

2, CHORIZANTHE, Benth.
1, CHORIZANTHE ANGUSTIFOLIA, Nutt.

Chorizanthe angustifolia, Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Jour. Acad. Philad. n. ser. 1, p. 167;
Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14, p. 26.

Has. Near San Francisco, California—Stem diffusely branched.
Involucre unequally 6-toothed, the teeth subulate, the 3 exterior
much longer than the 3 inner ones. Lobes of the perianth oblong,
emarginate, mucronate. Achenium oblong, glabrous. Seed con-
formed to the pericarp, nearly terete. Embryo straight, the cotyle-
dons narrowly oblong. [A depauperate state of C. pungens, Benth. ]

112 |

446 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3 POLYGONUM, Linn.

1. Potyconum PpARonycHIA, Cham. & Schlect.

Has. Puget Sound, and southward to San Francisco; on the sea
beach.—A well-characterized and rather showy species ; remarkable
for its woody stem, large dense spikes, and thick revolute leaves, the
midrib of which is channelled and ciliolate on each side. The Poly-
gonum which Drummond found in West Florida, and which Hooker
thought might be this species, is probably P. glaucum of Nuttall,
which most botanists regard as only a variety of P. aviculare.

2. PoLYGONUM AVICULARE, Linn.

Var. SCABRELLUM: diffusum; ramulis geniculatis scabris, foliis ovatis
utringue acutis.

Has. Puget Sound and Upper Columbia, southward to the Valley
of the Sacramento. Var. scabrellum, Satchap River, a tributary of
the Chihalis, Washington Territory. [This now is P. minimum,
S. Watson. ]

3. PoLYGONUM TENUE, Michzx.

Has. Upper Columbia and its tributaries, and eastward to Puget
Sound.—F lowers rose-color, larger than in the plant of the Eastern
States, the sheaths also longer. [It is mixed with P. coarctatum.]

4. Potyconum coaRrcTATUM, Dougl. in Hook.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory, and Valley of the Sacra-
mento, California. [The specimens are in part P. ambricatum, Nutt.
(Washington Territory), and those of California are P. Bolanderi
of Brewer. |

POLYGONACES. 447

5. PoLyGonuM POLYGALOIDES, Meisner in DC.

Has. Between the Spokane and Kooskooskee Rivers, Washington
Territory; in wet places.—A remarkable species, and appropriately
named by Meisner. The whole plant scarcely six inches high; the
stem mostly simple and very slender. Spikes few-flowered. Bracts
obovate-oblong, obtuse, with a broad white somewhat crenulate bor-
der, the central part thick and greenish, with a narrow keel on the
exterior side, and a free border next the flowers.

6. Potyconum acre, H. B. K.

Has. Valley of the Lower Sacramento, California—A common
species in most parts of the United States and Mexico, as well as
South America. Achenia mostly triangular, but sometimes lenticular.

7. PotyGonum AMpHIBium, Linn.

Has. Var. aquaticum, Linn., near Nisqually, Puget Sound. Var.
terrestre, Leers, California, in the Valley of the Lower Sacramento.

8. PoLyGonum noposum, Fers.

Has. Valley of the Upper Sacramento; common in moist places.

9. PoLyconum viviparum, Linn.

Has. Upper Columbia and Kooskooskee Rivers; common in wet
places.

4. RUMEX, Linn.
1. Rumex maritimus, Linn.

Has. Shores of Puget Sound, and in other parts of Washington
Territory, not confined to the neighborhood of the sea; southward to
the coast of California.

448 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. RuMEX vENosus, Pursh.

Has. Interior of Washington Territory; especially along the Upper
Columbia and its tributaries; eastward to the sources of the Missouri
and Platte. Dr. Newberry found it on the Cascade Mountains, 7000
feet above the sea.—Plant 12 to 18 inches high; the base often de-
cumbent. Leaves 2 to 5 inches long, and 1 or 2 inches¢wide; the
lowest resembling the others, only broader. Valves of the fructifer-
ous calyx larger than any known species (nearly an inch in diameter),
and always without a callosity.

3. RumEx Loneirouius, DC., Meisner.

Has. Fraser’s River, British Columbia, Dr. Holmes.—Plant 3 to 4
feet high. Lower leaves 6 or 7 inches long, ovate, oblong, rather
acute, undulate on the margin, cordate at the base. Fructiferous
panicle 12 to 2 feet long, nearly leafless. Pedicels a little longer than
the fructiferous calyx; valves nearly orbicular, 4 lines in diameter,
strongly reticulated, entire, or slightly crenulate toward the base,
without any callosity. This Rwmex wholly resembles specimens of
R. domesticus, Hook., collected by Drummond, but may be different
from the European plant. The specific name of De Candolle is by
no means appropriate.

4, RUMEX SALICIFOLIUS, Weinm.

Has. Upper Columbia, Washington Territory, southward to San
Francisco, California.—A widely diffused species, being indigenous
to the whole breadth of the continent from about latitude 40°
northward.

0. Rumex Acetosa, Linn.

Has. Nisqually, Puget Sound; in prairies. We have this plant
also from Gros Cape, on the north side of Lake Superior, where it
was found by Dr. Pitcher.

Orv... ELAZAGNACE &.

1 SHEPHERDIA, Nut.
1. SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS, Nuit.

Has. Shores of the Gulf of Georgia (Dr. Holmes), and in woods
around Puget Sound. This shrub extends across the continent, fol-
lowing eastward the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence. On the
Pacific coast it forms a handsome shrub, 8 feet in height.

Orv. 7l LORANTHACE &.

l1 PHORADENDRON, Nutt
1. PHorapENpRon FLAVESCENS, Nutt.

Phoradendron flavescens, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. n. ser. 1, p. 185; Engelm. in
Gray Pl. Fendl. p. 59.

Viscum flavescens, Pursh FI. 1, p. 114 (excl. syn.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 654.
V. Reichenbachianum, Seem. Bot. Herald, p. 294, t. 262.
V. verticillatum, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 235; Ell. Sk. 2, 677, non Linn.

Has. On the Sacramento River, particularly on the lower part of
the river, and around the Bay of San Francisco; not rare, on various

113

450 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

trees.—A stout species, the terete branches and young leaves clothed
with a short velvety pubescence, which nearly disappears with age.
Leaves 1 to 2 inches long, broadly obovate, obtuse, mostly 5-nerved
from the base, abruptly narrowed at the base into a short petiole.
Staminate flowers in interrupted, mostly 4-jointed spikes, which are
from half to three-fourths the length of the leaves. Anthers 2-celled.
Perianth 3-parted. Fruit about the size of a pepper-corn; the color
uncertain in the dry specimens. In the Botany of Whipple’s Report it
is incorrectly stated that the anthers are one-celled ; they appear to be
so when old, because the terminal chinks are closely approximated,
and are in a line with each other. ~

2. PHORADENDRON FLAVESCENS, var. PUBESCENS, Engelm.

Phoradendron flavescens, var. pubescens, Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindheim, 2, p. 212;
Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 134.
Viscum villosum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, p. 654.

Has. Parasitic on trees (the particular kinds not recorded); from
the Umpqua Mountains southward to the Lower Sacramento; form-
ing large bunches. This, except in the pubescence and smaller leaves,
seems to differ in no essential characters from P. flavescens.

Another species of this genus was found by Dr. Pickering on the
Shasta Mountain, but the specimens are not sufficiently complete for
determining whether it is undescribed or not. It grows on a species
of Juniper, in thick-set rigid bunches, which are about 4 inches high.
It is perfectly smooth, with narrowly-oblong obtuse leaves, which are
about three-fourths of an inch long. ‘The inflorescence is scarcely
developed, but seems to be in few-flowered spikes. The flowers are
3-cleft. Dr. Pickering in his notes states that the fruit is “ the size
of beaver shot.” It differs from any other North American species
known to us. [Probably P. Bolleanwm, Seemann. ]

2 ARCEUTHOBIUM, Bieberst.

[There is a memorandum indicating the existence of one or more
species of this genus in the collection, but no determinations. |

Orv. 72. SANTALACE &.

lCOMANDRA, Mutt.
1. CoMANDRA UMBELLATA, Nutt.

Has. Common on the prairies of Oregon and Washington Territory;
also in Northern California. Most of the specimens are suffrutescent.

[Some of them are of C. pallida, A. DC. Prodr. 14, p. 636.]

Orv. 3. LAURACE &.
1 TETRANTHERA, Jacg.

1. TeTRANTHERA Cauirornica, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Southern Oregon, and Valley of the Sacramento and elsewhere
in California.—This, the now familiar California Laurel, is a fine orna-
mental tree, which seems to attain its greatest altitude on the Upper
Sacramento, where Mr. Brackenridge noticed some trees that were fully
sixty feet high, and with trunks three feet in diameter; and Douglas
computed the height of some he saw at 120 feet. The odor is so
pungent and intense as to produce headache and sickness. The
wood is very beautiful, and is used for fine cabinet-work.

Orv 74 SAURURACE &.

1. ANEMQPSIS, Mut,
1. AnEmopsis CALIFORNICA, Nutt.

Anemopsis Californica, Nutt. in Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 1836; Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beech. p. 390, t. 92.

Has. Borders of marshes on the Lower Sacramento; common.
This,

[The name, as originally proposed by Nuttall, was Anemia.
being essentially preoccupied, was changed at the time of publication

by the editor into Anemopsis.]

Orv. 1. CALLITRICHACE &.

1 CALLITRICHE, Linn.

~~

1. CALLITRICHE VERNA, Linn.

Has. California, in flowing water, near San Francisco.

Orv. 76. CERATOPHYLLACE SA.

1 CERATOPHYLLUM, Linn.
1, CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM, Linn.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory, and all around the North-
ern Hemisphere.

Orv 77, EUPHORBIACE &.

1 CROTON, Lina.
1. Croton (HENDECANDRA) PROCUMBENS, Eschsch,

Hendecandra procumbens, Eschsch. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10, ex Linnea 3
(Litterat.), p. 150; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 389, t. 91.

Croton (Hendecandra) procumbens, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 195.

C. gracile, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2, p. 69.

Astrogyne Crotonoides, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 14.

Has. On the Lower Rio Sacramento, and around San Francisco,
California; growing in loose sand.—This is a widely diffused species,
extending southward and eastward to the Gulf of Mexico. The
figure in Bot. Beechey well represents the ordinary forms of this vari-
able species. |

114

454 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2 EREMOCARPUS, Benth.

~

1. EREMOCARPUS SETIGERUS, Benth.

Eremocarpus setigerus, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 53, t. 26.
Croton? setigerus, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 141.

Has. Sandy plains from Southern Oregon to San Francisco; ex-
tremely common throughout California.

3 HUPHORBIA, Linn.
1. EvupHoRBIA GLYPTOSPERMA, Engelm.

Euphorbia glyptosperma, Engelm. in Bot. Mex. Bound. Rep. p. 187.
E. polygonifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 140.

Has. Banks of the Clear Water (Kooskooskee), Washington Ter-
ritory.—A form with the leaves nearly entire. :

2. EUPHORBIA INEQUILATERA, Sonder ?

Has. “This is an Huphorbia which I had raised from seeds brought
from Sacramento City, California, and named £. subserrata. Subse-
quently it was collected by Dr. Newberry in Ives’ Colorado Expe-
dition, and it seemed to me to be a form of the variable EZ. inequilatera.
It differs from that plant (at least from the form of it that is common
on the western prairies of the Upper Missouri, &c.) in its dentate, in-
volucral appendages, and especially by the shorter and comparatively
thicker and less undulate seeds, and scarcely serrate leaves. It seems
to be almost intermediate between EL. petaloides and E. inequilatera.”
—Engelmann.

URTICACESA. 455

3. EupHorsia pictyosperma, Fisch. & Meyer.

Euphorbia dictyospermum, Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 1835; Engelm. in Bot.
Mex. Bound. Rep. p. 191.
E. Arkansana, Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindl. 1, p. 26; Gray, Man. Bot. ed. 2, p. 388.

Has. Valley of the Kooskooskee; a common western species.

4. EUPHORBIA CRENULATA, Engelm., 1. c.

Has. Near San Francisco, California.—The specimens are without
flowers or fruit, but there can be no doubt of their identity with Engel-
mann’s plant.

Orv. 18%. URTICACE &.

l URTICA, Tourn.

1. Urtica piorca, Linn.

Has. Ravines near San Francisco ; probably not indigenous. There
are also specimens in the collection of an Urtica collected in woods
near Puget Sound, which may be only a state of U. dioica. It is very
sparingly bristly; the leaves larger and thinner, broadly ovate-cordate,
and very coarsely toothed. Its unusual characters are probably owing
to the plant having grown in a shady place. [The specimens in herb.
Torrey. belong to U. dioica and U. holosericea, N utt. |

456 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2 PARIETARIA, Tourn.
1. PARIETARIA PENNSYLVANICA, Muhl.

Has. In the country between the Walla-Walla and Kooskooskee
Rivers, Washington Territory. No station for this plant west of the
Rocky Mountains has hitherto been recorded.

3. CELTIS, Tourn.

1. CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS, Linn.

Has. Banks of the Kooskooskee, Washington Territory, where it
is usually only a small tree 10 to 15 feet high. Near Port Discovery,
Puget Sound, it was found attaining the height of 50 feet. The
leaves are rougher than is usual in this species. It is probable that
(excepting C. pallida, Torr., and perhaps C. reticulata) all the North
American species of Celtis are only states of C. occidentalis.

Orv. 79 GARRYACE SA.

1 GARRYA, Lindl.
1. GARRYA ELLIPTICA, Lind.

Garrya elliptica, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1686; Loud. Ene. Trees & Shrubs, p. 926,
fig. 1730.

Has. On serpentine rocks fronting Angel Island; common near
the coast of Oregon and California.—Although this is commonly a
low shrub, only three or four feet high, it often has a trunk six inches
in diameter at the base.

PLATANACES. 457

2. GARRYA FRemontu, Torr.
Garrya Fremontii, Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. Pacif. R. Road Expl. 4, p. 136.

Haz. Umpqua Mountains, Southern Oregon.—The specimens are
all female and in fruit. Those of Fremont, from which the original
description was drawn, are all male. The characters, as given in the
work quoted, seem to be constant, except that the leaves are some
times oval, or obovate, and obtuse. The fertile flowers are sessile, and
there is but one under each bract. The fruit is more or less hairy
when young, but nearly glabrous and of a dark purple color when
mature.

[The genus is now referred to Cornacec.]

Orv. 80. PLATANACE &.

l PLATANUS, Linn.
1, PLaranus RACEMOSA, Nutt.

Platanus racemosa, Nutt. in Audubon, Birds of N. Am., 1, t. 362, & Sylv. 1, p. 47,
t. 15; Newberry in Bot. Williamson & Abbot's Rep. (Pacif. R. Road Expl.) 6,
p. 33, t. 2, & fig. xylog. 10. .

P. Mexicana, Moricand, Pl. Rar. Amer. t. 13.

P. Californica, Benth. Plant. Hartw. p. 54.

Has. Abundant along the Sacramento and its tributaries.—In
favorable situations this tree occurs from 60 to 80, and even 100
feet in height. Dr. Pickering saw some trunks that were 8 feet in
diameter. Its general appearance is that of the Plane-tree, or Syca-
more of the Atlantic States, but it is a very distinct species; being
much nearer Platanus orientalis of the Old World. Dr. Newberry
states that the wood is very brittle.

115

Orv. 81 CUPULIFER &.*

1. QUERCUS, Linn.
1. QUERCUS DENSIFLORA, Hook. d& Arn.

Quercus densiflora, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 391; Hook. Ic. 4, t. 380; New-
berry in Pacif. R. Road Expl. 6 (Bot.), p. 31, & fig. xylog. 8.
Q. echinacea, Torr. in Pacif. R. Road Expl. 4; Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 137.

Has. Valley of the Upper Sacramento, California.—Mr. Bracken-
ridge found this handsome evergreen oak attaining the height of 25
or 30 feet, with a trunk not more than 6 inches in diameter. In the
specimens before us all the leaves are entire, and mostly obtuse; in
which state they strongly resemble those of the Live Oak ( Q. virens)
of the Southeastern States. Very often, however, the leaves are
sharply and conspicuously serrate, with the apex acute. When
young they are whitish-tomentose underneath, but nearly smooth
when old. The fertile flowers are 8—12-androus; the anthers 2-celled,
and apparently polliniferous. The acorns are two or three together
on a short erect peduncle, globose-ovate or ovate, obtuse, with a short
abrupt point. The cup is hemispherical, about three-fourths of an
inch in diameter, and clothed with rigid subulate or filiform scales,
which at length are reflexed or recurved. This character occurs in
all the specimens that I have seen of this oak. As the figure of
Hooker represented the scales as lanceolate and appressed (as does
also that of Newberry), I supposed our species must be distinct, and
accordingly described it in the work above quoted as Q. echinacea. In
the dense-clustered and erect staminate aments, the staminiferous

* This was written before the appearance of the volume of DeCandolle’s Prodromus
containing the Cupuliferw, &c., and had not been since revised by the author.

CUPULIFERA. 459

fertile flowers, and in the somewhat prickly cup, as well as in the
leaves (when serrate), this oak resembles a Castanea, and especially
C. chrysophylia of California. Dr. Newberry states that the acorn is
‘somewhat triangular, but it does not show that character in mature
dry specimens.

2. QUERCUS CHRYSOLEPIS, Liebm.

Quercus chrysolepis, Liebm. Quere. Neo. Mex. & Calif.* p. 173; Benth. Pl. Hartw.

* p. 336 ; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Rep. p. 207. -

Q. crassipocula, Torr. in Pacif. R. Road Rep. 5, p. 365, t. 9, & Bot. Whippl.
Rep. p. 137.

Q. fulvescens, Kellogg in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, pp. 67 & 71; New-
berry, 1. c. p. 27, fig. 5.

Has. Southern Oregon and mountains of Northern California.—
This oak is extremely variable in the size and form of the leaves and
acorns. On high mountains it is a mere shrub, 8 to 10 feet high, but
on the foot-hills of the Sierra it rises to the height of 40 feet, with a
trunk 12 inches or more in diameter. The leaves are evergreen,
usually about 2 inches long, ovate, abruptly pointed, shining above,
and yellowish downy underneath. They are usually entire, but often
acutely toothed, even on the same branch. We have specimens col-
lected by Col. Fremont on the Sierra Nevada, at the height of 9400
feet, of a shrubby state of this species, in which the leaves are
scarcely three-fourths of an inch long, rather obtuse, and either en-
tire or the upper part sharply dentate-serrate. The acorns are still
more variable; the gland sometimes narrowly oblong, tapering to a |
point, and scarcely one-third of an inch in transverse diameter.
More commonly it is 17 inch long, and # of an inch in diameter,
ovate, obtuse, with a short abrupt point; but occasionally they are
of great size, as represented in the figure above quoted. The cup
is thick, shallow, and velvety, the protuberant broadly ovate scales
giving it a somewhat tuberculate appearance.

*In« Oversigt det Kgl. Danska Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets
Medlemmers Arbeider, i Aaret 1854, K6jbenhayn.”

460 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA, Née.

Quercus agrifolia, Née in Ann. de Cienc. Nat. 8, p. 281, fide Liebm. 1. ¢.; Hook.
Ie, 4, t. 8377; Nutt. Syly. 1, p. 5, t. 2; Newberry, 1. c. p. 32.

Q. oxyadenia, Torr. in Sitgr. Rep. t. 17.

Q. acutiglandis, Kellogg, in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Se. p. 1, 25.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, from Shasta Butte southward, and
on the Coast Mountains, to the borders of Mexico; common.—This
is the species most frequently known in California by the name of
Evergreen Oak or Scrub Oak. It is often rather a large shrub than
a tree. On the Sacramento it is sometimes 40 feet high, and then
possesses considerable beauty, having the general appearance of Live
Oak. Like all the evergreen oaks of California, the leaves present a
great variety in size and outline. They are from nearly 3 inches to
scarcely an inch in length, and from 2 inches to less than half an
inch in diameter; the margin either entire or remotely and sharply
toothed. The larger leaves (at least in dry specimens) are more or
less bulate. The acorns are sometimes ovate and half immersed in
the cup, but commonly more or less elongated and acute; occasionally
very narrow, almost like a cockspur. The cup is always deep, and
clothed with brown shining scales, which project and form a fringe
around the margin.

4, QUERCUS OBLONGIFOLIA, Jorr., Var, BREVILOBATA.

Q. foliis perennantibus anguste vel ovato-oblongis utringue obtusis vel basi
cuneatis subtus griseo-tomentosis supra pubescentibus deinde grabratis
breviter paucilobatis, lobis obtusis vel sinuato dentatis vel subinteger-
rimis; fructibus solitarius sessilibus ; cupula hemispherica, squamis
ovatis obtusiusculis appressis interdum incrassatis; glande ovato- vel

— angusto-oblonga acuta cupula 8-5-plo longiore.

Q. Ransomi, Kellogg in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Se. 1, p. 25.?

Has. Mountains of the Upper Sacramento.—A tree 40 feet high,
with a trunk 1 foot in diameter; the branches spreading but little,
and clothed with a dense foliage. Leaves 2 to 3 inches long, and

GCUPULIFERZ 461

# to 12 inch wide, clothed with grayish pubescence on both sides; but
when old nearly smooth above, and the under surface somewhat rusty
in dry specimens. In some individuals the leaves are narrowly oblong,
very obtuse, and either perfectly entire or slightly repand-toothed
towards the extremity. The broader leaved forms are cut on each
side into 2 to 4 short lobes or coarse teeth, which are slightly pointed,
but not mucronate. Between these two forms there are others that
are intermediate, so that they all clearly belong to one species. ‘The
acorns vary considerably in size; the cup, from one-third to three-
fourths of an inch in diameter, embraces from one-fifth to one-fourth
of the gland. It is thin, closely sessile, the scales very small, and
not projecting beyond the margin ; they are sometimes thickened and
convex, giving the cup a somewhat tuberculate appearance. The
gland 8 to 10 lines long, and either ovate-oblong or very narrow in
‘proportion to its length. Like several other Californian and Oregon
Oaks, the extreme forms of this one differ so much that they might
easily be mistaken for distinct species. If we are correct in referring
them all to Q. oblongifolia, the species has an extensive range, but we
have never seen specimens from southern and western stations that
exhibited a tendency to form lobed leaves.

5. Quercus LopaTa, Née. (Tab. XV.)

Quercus lobata, Née in Anal. de Cien. Nat. 3, p. 270 (fide Liebm. 1. c. p. 172);
Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Rep. p. 205.

Q. Hindsii, Benth. Bot. Sulph. p. 55; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 158; Newberry
in Pacif. R. Road. Rep. Bot. p. 27, f. 5 (xylog.), & tab. 1.

Has. Sides of hills in the Valley of the Sacramento, and on the
Coast Range of Mountains, as far south as Monterey. This is the
noblest oak of California, and there takes the place of Q. alba of the
Eastern States. Dr. Newberry often saw trees of it 6, 7, or more feet
in diameter. Near Marysville he measured the trunk of one that
was six feet in diameter three feet from the ground, and estimated its
height at seventy-five feet; the branches spreading horizontally more
than sixty feet. The timber, however, is far less valuable than that
of the White Oak, being brittle and porous. On high mountains the
tree is much reduced in size, and the acorns also. The latter are

116

462 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

commonly about 2 inches long, tapering to a point, and often a little
curved; but sometimes they are much shorter, ovate, and rather
obtuse, in which state the species was described by Née more than half
a century ago as Q. lobata. The Q. longiglanda, of Fremont’s Geo-
graphical Memoir on California and Oregon, is this tree with long
acorns. The cup is shallow and tuberculatc, with thickened scales.
On young and vigorous shoots the leaves are acutely lobed.

PLATE 15. QueERcus LopaTA: Branch in fruit. Fig. 1, 2. Leaves.
3,4. Acorn and cupule. All of the natural size.

6. QuERcUS GARRYANA, ‘Hook.
Quercus Garryana, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 159; Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 1, t. 1.

Has. Near Nisqually, Puget Sound, and on the Walla-Walla
River.—We have no mature fruit of this species, and it is remarkable
that Nuttall has not given a figure of the acorn. This is another
oak of the group to which Y. alba belongs. It occurs from 40 to 80
feet or more in height, and 3 to 6 feet in diameter. The wood is used
for ship-building, and Mr. Nuttall states that it is quite equal to that
of the White Oak.

7. Quercus Dovueiasn, Hook. & Arn.

Quercus Douglasti, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 391; Hook. Ic. 4, t. 383 & 384;
Nutt. Syly. 1, p. 10, t. 4. '

Has. Northern California, southward to San Francisco.—This
species is sometimes rather difficult to distinguish from @. lobata,
especially when the leaves are deeply cut. In Q. Douglasii the lobes
are more acute, and form a more acute angle with the midrib, while
the sinuses are narrow and more acute; also the scales of the cup
are flat; not tumid, as in @. lobata. In our specimens from the
neighborhood of San Francisco the acorns and leaves are considerably
smaller than those represented in Hooker’s figure. Dr. Pickering
states that the tree is about 40 feet high.

CUPULIFERSZ. 463

8. Quercus Ketiocen, Newberry.

Quercus Kelloggii, Newberry, |. c. p. 28, fig. xylog.
Q. tinctoria, var. Californica, Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 138.

Has. On the sides of mountains, from the northern borders of Cali-
fornia, southward to San Rafael and Santiago.—In favorable situations
this tree is 60 feet high, and 3 feet in diameter, but more commonly
it is of moderate stature and of irregular growth. It is closely allied
to Y. tunctoria, and in Whipple’s Report I described it as a variety of
that species, but I now regard it as distinct, and adopt the name given
to it by Dr. Newberry. It also resembles Q. coccinea. In the charac-
ter of the bark and trunk it resembles the former. The lobes of the
leaves are drawn out to a more bristle-like point than is represented
in the figure quoted above. The acorns, which vary from globose-
ovate to elliptical, are sometimes more than an inch and a half long
and an inch in diameter, which is one-third greater than their usual
size. ‘The cup is still more variable, being sometimes only one-third
the length of the gland, and occasionally inclosing all but the
summit.

2 CASTANOPSIS, Spach.
1. CASTANOPSIS CHRYSOPHYLLA, A. DC. Prodr.

Castanea chrysophylla, Doug]. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 159; Hook. Lond.
Jour. Bot. 2, p. 495, t. 16; Torr. in Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 137; Newberry 1. ¢.
p. 26, fig. 4 (xylog.).

C. sempervirens, Kellogg in Proceed. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, p. 71.

Has. On the Columbia River, Oregon, and in California as far south as
Monterey.—It is often a mere shrub, bearing abundance of fruit when
only 3 or 4 feet high. On the Umpqua Mountains Mr. Brackenridge
saw trees of it 30 and 40 feet high. In other parts of California, as
at Santa Cruz and Bolanas Bay, it occurs 50 and 60 feet high. The
leaves vary from ovate and rather obtuse to lanceolate and acuminate,

464 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

and are always perfectly entire. The yellow color of the under side
of the leaves sometimes disappears wholly or in part. The male
catkins are shorter and more rigid than in the common chestnut ;
the burr is scarcely one-third as large, with shorter prickles. The
nut (which seems to be always solitary) resembles that of the Chin-
quapin (C. pumila), but the shell is almost as thick as in the European
filbert. This species much more resembles some of the Asiatic
chestnuts, especially C. Javanica, than those of the Eastern States.

[In the present case the received generic name has been substituted
in the MSS.] |

3 CORYLUS, Tourn.
1. CoRYLUS ROSTRATA, Ait.

Corylus rostrata, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, 3, p. 364; Loud. Ene. of Trees, p. 925,
f. 1727,

Has. Between Spokane River and Fort Colville, on the Upper
Columbia; also at Puget Sound, and southward to San Francisco.—
We have specimens of a Corylus from Dr. Scouler, collected on the
Columbia River, which we doubt not is 0. Americana, var. Hook. FI.
Bor. Amer. 2, p. 160. Hooker states that he had seen no fruit of his
variety ; but the specimens of the Exploring Expedition have mature
fruit, which wholly resemble that of the eastern C. rostrata.

Orv. 88 MYRICACESR

1 MY RICA, Linn.
1. Myrica Cauirornica, Cham. & Schlecht.

Myrica Californica, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 6, p. 585; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer.
2, p. 260; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 390.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory and southward to the
shores of San Francisco Bay.—On the banks of the American River,
a tributary of the Sacramento, a variety is found 12 to 15 feet high,
with the under surface of the leaves pubescent, and the upper dull.
The ordinary form, with the upper surface of the leaves a little shining
and the under side smooth, is common in ravines and fertile spots on
the coast, near San Francisco, where it sometimes occurs 20 feet high,
with a trunk 9 inches in diameter. The berries are larger than in
N. cerifera. Hooker is of opinion that this species is not distinct from
M. Xalapensis, H. B. K., but he retains it in the works quoted above,
and we have no specimens for comparison.

117

Orv. 88. BETULACEH &.

1. BETULA, Tourn.

1. BETULA OCCIDENTALIS, Hook.

Betula occidentalis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 154; Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 22, t. 7.
B. rhombifolia, Nutt. 1. c. t. 8.2

Has. Banks of rivers in all parts of Washington Territory.—
Varying in height from 6 to 25 feet. There are small-leaved speci-
mens with male aments from Nisqually, Puget Sound, which seem to
be Nuttall’s B. rhombifolia, the only difference being that the latter is
described as having the leaves dotless, whereas they are minutely
dotted in the Nisqually plant. Ihave not seen the leaves so large
as they are described by Hooker.

2. ALNUS, Tourn.

1. AtNus viripis, DC.

Alnus viridis, Fl. France. 3, p. 304; Bongard Veg. Sitch. 162; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
2, p. 157.

A. Oregona, Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 28, t.9; Newberry, Bot. Williamson & Abbot’s Rep.
p. 20.

Has. On banks of streams and in woods, Port Discovery, Puget
Sound; common also in Oregon. This is certainly the A. viridis of
Hooker and Bongard, of which I have specimens from the Pacific
coast, named by those botanists. It is also the same as No, 811 of
Fendler’s New Mexican Collection (1847).

BETULACES,. 467

2. ALNUS RUBRA, Bongard, l. c.

Has. In woods, Puget Sound. In this species the leaves are
pubescent underneath and the veinlets connecting the primary veins
are more prominent than in A. viridis; the fructiferous catkins, also,
are thicker, and on very short peduncles. The fruit is strongly
winged.

3. ALNUS RHOMBIFOLIA, Nutt.
Alnus rhombifolia, Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 33.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California, along the river; not
very common. This species sometimes acquires the stature of 40
feet, with a slender trunk 3 inches in diameter. The leaves (at least
when young) are nearly smooth, somewhat shining above and
slightly pubescent underneath, finely and doubly serrate, with the
serratures thickened at the tip. The fructiferous catkins are in a
terminal cluster and are supported on rather long but stout and rigid
peduncles. Scales dilated and entire at the tip, cuneate below.
Fruit with a thin, very narrow margin, but not winged. Nuttall
found this species near Monterey, but he did not detect any of the
fruit. There is little doubt of our plant being the same as his. Near
San Rafael Dr. Pickering collected specimens of an Alnus which
seem almost to connect this species with A. incana, var. glauca (A.
glauca, Michx.). The leaves are broadly ovate, obtuse or slightly
acute at the base, shining above, a little hairy on the veins un-
derneath, otherwise smooth; the serratures and fructification as
in A, rhombifolia. Hooker regards A. serrulata as not distinct from
A, incana.

Orv. 84. SALICACE &.

1 POPULUS, TZourn.
1. PoPULUS MONILIFERA, Ait,

Populus monilifera, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, 3, p. 406; Michx. Sylv. 2, p. 121, t. 98,
fig. 1.

Has. Banks of the Sacramento River, California; rare. This is
the most widely spread of all those species of Poplar that are known
by the name of Cottonwood. It does not, however, extend north of
the Upper Sacramento, but to the south it is found nearly to the Gulf
of California; eastward to the Atlantic.

2. PopuULUS TREMULOIDES, Micha.

Populus tremuloides, Michx. Fl. 2, p. 148; Michx. f. Silv. 2, p. 125, t. 99. fig. ¢.
Newberry, Bot. Williamson & Abbott’s Rep. p. 25.

Has. Borders of rivers, Oregon and Washington Territory;
frequent in the interior, but also occurs near Fort Nisqually, Puget
Sound. The largest trees of this Poplar seen by Dr. Pickering were
60 feet high and four inches in diameter.

3. POPULUS ANGUSTIFOLIA, James.

Populus angustifolia, James in Long’s Exp. Rocky Mount. 1, p. 497; Torr. in
Ann. Lye. N. York, 2, p. 249; Nutt. Sylv. 1, p. 52, t. 16.

Has. Near Fort Okanagan, on the Upper Columbia, Washington

SALICACES. 469

Territory, and down the river to the sea. On the Pacific coast it
does not appear to extend much south of thé Columbia, except along
the Willamette, but to the east it is common on the upper tributaries
of the Missouri, thence south to the mountains of New Mexico. In
Oregon it attains its greatest magnitude, being nearly as large as P.
monilifera. It is very near P. longifolia, Fisch., which Loudon re-
gards as a narrow-leaved variety of the following species.

4. POPULUS BALSAMIFERA, Linn.

Populus balsamifera, Linn. Sp. p. 1464; Michx. Sylv. 2, t. 93; Hook. Fl. Bor.
Amer. 2, p. 153; Loud. Arb. p. 830, fig. 1507-1510.

Has. Banks of the Columbia.—This is called Balsam Tree and
Balsam Poplar in Oregon, where it is frequent, and ranks among the
tallest of the deciduous trees. The leaves in all the specimens are
ovate or oblong-ovate, scarcely at all acuminate, and mostly rather
acute at the base, finely serrate-toothed, the under surface very pale
or whitish, and smooth. 3

5, PopuLus tricHocaRrpPA, Jorr. & Gray.

Populus trichocarpa, Torr. & Gray in Hook. Ic. 9, t. 878; & in Bot. Whippl. Rep.
p- 204.
P. balsamifera, var. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 154.

Has. Along rivers, between Puget Sound and the Cascade Moun-
tains, Washington Territory—This seems to be a common species in
the Pacific States. Dr. Pickering in his notes remarks that it is a tall
tree, but he does not state the height. It is allied to P. balsamifera,
but is readily distinguished by the subglobose, hairy, and closely
sessile fruit. The foliage greatly resembles that of P. candicans,
which Hooker considers a variety of P. balsamifera. It is undoubt-
edly his last variety of the latter species, but he does not quote the
synonym in his Icones.

118

Orv. 8. CONIFER &.

[Instead of prepared manuscript only some rough notes were found,
from which it appears that most of the common and now well-known
Coniferous trees of Oregon and Northern California were represented
in the collection; but there is no systematic enumeration or account
of them which could be printed. Of the Monocotyledonous Orders
there is no manuscript at all to be found, except of the Cyperaceee,
exclusive of the genus Carex. Among the notes relative to Coniferer
was found the subjoined explanation of Plate 16.]

PLatE 16. Cupressus NurKanus: a branch, of the natural size.
Fig. 1. A male catkin and portion of a branchlet; enlarged. 2. A
scale of the same, inside view, showing the stamens; magnified.
3. A female catkin and portion of a branchlet; enlarged. 4. A cone ;
enlarged. 0. A separate scale of the same. 6. A seed; magnified.

Orv. 86. CYPERACE &.

1 DULICHIUM, Richard.

1. Duticuium spaATHACEUM, Richard.

— Dulichium spathaceum, Richard in Pers. Syn. 1, p. 65; Ell. Sk. 1, p. 78, t. 2, f. 3,

Hook. FI. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 232; Torr. Cyp. in Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York, 3,
p. 247.

Has. On the Willamette River, Oregon. We have it also on the
Columbia River, collected by Mr. Nuttall—On the western side of
North America this plant has not been found south of Oregon, but
on the eastern side it ranges from Canada to Florida.

2. CYPERUS, Linn.
1. Cyperus DIANDRUS, To7'r.

Cyperus diandrus, Torr. Cat. Pl. N. York, p. 90, & Cyp. lc. p. 251; Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Amer. 2. p. 232.

Has. Upper Sacramento, California.—Spikelets nearly sessile,
forming a cluster at. the summit of the culm, which is slender and
10 to 15 inches long. Nutlets obovate-oblong, dark brown when fully
ripe, dull, under a strong lens marked with extremely minute ele-
vated dots arranged in longitudinal lines.

472 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. CYPERUS ARISTATUS, Rottb.

Cyperus aristatus, Rotth. Gram. t. 6, £1; Kunth, Enum, 2, p. 23; Steudel, Cyp.
p- 14; Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 341; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. p. 227.

C. inflexus, Muhl. Gram. p. 16; Torr. Fl. M. & N. States, p. 59; & Cyp.1.¢. p. 273;
Hook. FI. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 232; Steud. Cyp. 1. ¢.

C. uncinatus, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 50, non Poir.

C. pygmeus, Nutt.in Amer. Phil. Trans. n. ser. 5, p. 142; non Cav. nec Rottb.

Has. On the Walla-Walla River, Washington Territory.—After a
careful re-examination of this plant, and comparing specimens from
many parts of North America with C. aristatus, I could find no
sufficient character for distinguishing them. It is probable that
several other species of the section Aristati, in Steudel’s Synopsis,
should be reduced to this.

3, CYPERUS VIRENS, Micha.

Cyperus vegetus, Michx. Fl. 1, p. 28; Muhl. Gram. p. 24; Torr. Cyp. l. c. p. 275;
Steud. Cyp.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California.—The solitary speci-
men in the collection accords with some of our numerous forms of

this species. Perhaps all of them should be referred to C. vegetus,
Willd.

4. CYPERUS SCHWEINITZIL, Torr.

Cyperus Schweinitzit, Torr. Cyp. |. ¢., & Fl. N. York 2, p. 243; & Bot. Mex. Bound.
p. 267; Steud. Cyp. p. 19.

C. Houghtonii, Torr. 1. c.; Steud. 1. ¢.

C. alterniflorus, Schwein. in Long’s 2d Exped. 2, p. 381, non R. Br.

Has. On the Kooskooskee River, Washington Territory.—The
specimens in this collection confirm the opinion expressed in the
Botany of the Mexican Boundary Survey, that Cyperus Houghtonii is
not distinct from C. Schweiniizit.

CYPERACEA -: 473

5. CYPERUS ERYTHRORHIZOS, Muhi.

Cyperus erythrorhizos, Muhl. Gram. p. 20; Schult. Mant. 2, p. 220; Torr. Cyp. 1. e¢.
p. 280 ; Steud. Cyp. p. 40; Gray Man. ed. 2, p. 492.

C. tenuiflorus, Ell. 8k. 1, p. 70, non Rottb.

C. occidentalis, Torr. Cyp. p. 259; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 232 (forma depau-
perata).

Has. Valley of the Upper Sacramento, California.—Plant varying
from 2 or 3 inches to more than 4 feet high. Spikelets 12 to 40
flowered.

Besides the Cyperi here enumerated, there are, in the collection,
specimens of another species which I cannot refer to any one hitherto
found in North America. It somewhat resembles C. Baldwinii, but
.the rays of the umbel are shorter, the heads larger and somewhat
compound, and the spikelets only 4-flowered. The fruit is not suffi-
ciently mature to determine its characters.

3. HEMICARPHA, Nees.

1. HEMICARPHA SUBSQUARROSA, Nees.

Hemicarpha subsquarrosa, Nees Cyp. in Endl. & Mart. Fl. Bras. p. 61, t. 4, £1;
Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 362; Gray Man. ed. 2, p. 495.

Scirpus subsquarrosus, Muh]. Gram. p. 39.

Isolepis subsquarrosa, Schrad. in Schult. Mant. 2, p. 64; Torr. Cyp. 1. ¢. p. 348.

Has. Banks of the Sacramento, California.—Apparently rare on
western side of the continent, but common on the eastern.

119

474 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

4, ELEOCHARIS, R. Br.
1. ELEOCHARIS ROSTELLATA, Zor’.

Eleocharis rostellata, Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 437; Steud. Cyp. p. 77; Gray, Man.
ed. 2, p. 496,
Scirpus rostellatus, Torr. Cyp. 1. ¢. p. 318.

Has. Valley of the Sacramento, California; also in New Mexico,
Sonora, and Western Texas, as well as throughout the proper Atlantic

States.

2, ELEOCHARIS PALUSTRIS, A. Br.

Eleocharis palustris, R. Br. Prodr. p. 224 (in obs.); Torr. Cyp. 1. ¢. p. 299; Steud.
Cyp. p. 77; Gray, Man. ed. 2, p. 496.

Has. Washington Territory, southward to the Valley of the Sac-
ramento; common.—This species is as variable in the Pacific States
as elsewhere. Some of the specimens are more than three feet long,
with spikes an inch in length. There are also dwarf specimens, with
slender wiry stems and large spikes. The bristles are sometimes

wanting.

5. SCIRPUS, Linn.
1. ScirPUS PUNGENS, Vahl,

Scirpus pungens, Vahl. Enum, 2, p. 255; Gray, Man. ed. 2, p. 499.
S. triqueter, Torr. Cyp. p. 822 (ex parte).

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory, and near San Fran-
cisco, California.

CYPERACES, 475

2. SCIRPUS RIPARIUS, Presi.

S. riparius, Presl, Relig. Henk. 1, p. 192; Kunth, Enum. 2, p. 166.

Elytrospermum Californieum, C. A. Mey. Cyp. Nov. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb.
(5 ser.) 1, p. 200, t. 2.

Has. Borders of the Lower Sacramento, California.—Known from
the eastern S. validus only by its broad and plumose bristles, or
rather plume-like pales of the perigynium.

3. SCIRPUS MICROCARPUS, Presi.

Scirpus microcarpus, Presl, Relig. Heenk. 1, p. 195; Steud. Cyp. p. 89.
S. lenticularis, Torr. Cyp. p. 88; Steud. Cyp. p. 88; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p- 230.
S. sylvaticus, Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 169.

Has. Washington Territory and southward, in California, to the
Lower Sacramento.—The earlier name of Presl is adopted for this
species, which seems to be constant in the characters which dis-
tinguish it from S. sylvaticus.

4, SCIRPUS MARITIMUS, Linn.

Scirpus maritimus, Linn. Spec. ed. 2, p. 74; Torr. Cyp. 1. c. p. 323.

Has. Puget Sound and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.—
Extends quite across the Continent in a more southern latitude.

6. ISOLEPTIS, R. Brown.
1. ISOLEPIS CARINATA, Hook. & Arn.

Isolepis carinata, Hook. & Arn., in Torr. Cyp. l.c. p. 349; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound.
p. 153.
I. koilolepis, Steud. Cyp. p. 318 (addend.).

476 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

Has. Upper Sacramento, California, in exsiccated places.—Steudel
has strangely omitted the earlier name of this species, although he
has quoted, many times, the work in which it is described. There
can be no doubt as to his LZ. kotlolepis being identical with our plant,
for he quotes No. 415 of Drummond’s New.Orleans collection, which
is the same from which our original description was drawn.

2. ISOLEPIS PYGM@A, Aunth.

Var. CALIFORNICA: culmis dense ccespitosis; spica brevi-ovata; involucro
monophyllo spicam plerumque vin cequante; squamis acutiusculis ;
achento late obovato subtriangulato, angulis prominulis.

Has. Lower Sacramento, California—Culms forming very dense
tufts, 2 or 8 inches high, spreading and somewhat curved, slender
and wiry. Leaves mostly solitary and very short. Spikes solitary,
about 2 lines long, 12 to 15 flowered; involucre ovate and clasping
at the base, tapering to a subulate point, which rarely exceeds the
spike, and is mostly about half its length. Scales broadly ovate,
rather acute, boat-shaped and keeled, not mucronate, the sides
- brownish red, keel and margins whitish. Stamens mostly 3, but
sometimes 2. Style 3-cleft. Achenium slightly mucronate, com-
pressed 3-sided, under a strong lens appearing striate, with extremely
minute elevated dots, dark brown; the back flattish, the front very
convex and carinately angular; the lateral angles also acute. This
species does not agree altogether with any Jsolepis described by Kunth
or Steudel, but it seems to be nearest LZ pygmcea.

CARE X, Linn.

The species had not been elaborated and written out. The follow-~
ing list, drawn up by 8. T. Olney, Esq., of Providence, gives the
names of the species collected as far as can now be ascertained.

Cinax Bronenitartu, Kunth. Walla-Walla.
C. strpata, Muhl. Walla-Walla.

C2) ©

C2 Gh C2 CD

OmQa

Co Gon CD (Cece C3

>)

CYPERACES. 477

. Gayana, Desy. in Fl. Chil. Gray’s Harbor.

. Dovetasi, Boott. Walla-Walla.

. Hoopt, Boott. Washington Territory.

. BoLanper!, Olney, in Proc. Am. Acad. 7, p. 393 (1868). It is C.

remota, Richardson (not of Linn.), C. bromoides, Dewey (not of
Schk.) as to Nuttall’s plant, and ©. pallida, Carey (not of C. A.
Meyer).

- MACROCEPHALA, Willd. Satchap to Gray’s Harbor.

. JAMESII, Boott, not of Torrey.

. SALINA, Wahl. Kooskooskee River.

LACINIATA, Boott, Ill. p. 175, t. 594 (1867). ©. Wilkesii, Torr.

Atlas, t. 17. Banks of the Sacramento, California.

- APERTA, Boott. Nisqually, North Fork of the Columbia River, &c.
. VERTICILLATA, Boott. Puget Sound, &c.
. SITCHENSIS, Prescott. Gray’s Harbor and Nisqually; also San

Francisco.

. AUREA, Nutt. Nisqually.

. Pennsytvanica, Linn. Puget Sound. .
. UMBELLATA, Schk. Puget Sound.

. GEYERI, Boott. Mountains of Oregon.

ARISTATA, R. Brown. Kooskooskee River.

. LANUGINOSA, Michx. North Branch of the Columbia River.—One

specimen is C. hematorhyncha, Desv. Fl. Chil.

. RETRORSA, Schw. Walla-Walla.

C. Bonearprana, C. A. Meyer. Nisqually.

1.

Puate 17. Carex WILKEsII: Two forms, of the natural size. Fig.
Staminate scale and flower. 2. Pistillate scale and flower, towards

maturity. 3. Section of a perigynium. 4. Achenium. 5. Trans-
verse section of the same. 6. Mature perigynium, with scale, &c.
Details variously magnified.

120

Orv. 8. GRAMINE &.

By GrorGE THURBER.

1 LEERSIA, Soland.
1. LEERSIA ORYZOIDES, Swartz.

Has. On the Sacramento, and in other parts of California.

2 PHALARIS, Linn.
1. PHALARIS INTERMEDIA, Bose.

Phalaris intermedia, Bose. in Poir. Encyel. 1, p. 300.

P. microstachya, DC. Cat. p. 181; Trin. Icon. t. 77.

P. Americana, Ell. Sk. Bot. 8. Car. & Geo. 1, p. 101.

P. angusta, Nees in Mart. Flor. Bras. 2, p. 391; Trin. Icon. t. 78.
P. trivialis, Trin. Phalarid. p. 10.

P. occidentalis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. New Ser. p. 144.

P. Californica, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, p. 161.

Has, San Francisco and northward.—This widely disseminated
species—of which the synonymy might be still further extended—
is quite abundant upon the Pacific coast, and varies, according to
situation, from 6 inches in height to 5 and even 8 feet. It is the
“ Californian Timothy” of the farmers of the coast.

2. PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA, Linn.

Has. On the Sacramento, California, Spokane, and northward.

RAMINES, 479

3. PHLEUM, Linn.

1. PHiteum ALpinum, Linn.

AB. Cascade Mountains, Oregon.

2, PHLEUM ALPINUM, var. TENUE, 77in.

Phleum alpinum, var. tenue, Trin. Ie. t. 22.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory.

4, ALOPECURUS, Linn.
1. ALOPECURUS GENICULATUS, Linn.

Has. On the Spokane, Washington Territory.

5 HIEROCHLOA, Gmelin.
1. HrerRocHLOA BOREALIS, Roem. & Schult.

Has. Nisqually and Spipen River.—I have not seen this species
from California, it being there replaced by A. macrophylla, Thurb.,
which grows in tufts 2 or 3 feet high, has greenish panicles, and very
obtuse glumes; leaves 12 to 18 inches long, and 9 to 6 lines broad.

6. PASPALUM, Linn.
1. PAspaLuM pDIsTIcHuUM, Linn.
Paspalum distichum, Linn.; Trin. Icon. t. 20.
P. notatum, Fliigge, Monog. p. 106; Trin. 1. c. t. 114.
Panicum polyrhizon, Presl, Rel. Henk. 1, p. 296.

Has. On the Sacramento, California.—This is the only species of

480 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

the genus that we have seen from the Pacific coast. ‘It extends
across the country from the southern Atlantic States to California.
It forms long and strong creeping rhizomes, and frequently occurs in
collections from the Pacific coast without inflorescence.

7 PANICUM, Linn.
1, PANIcUM AGROSTOIDES, Spreng.

Has. On the Sacramento, California—This species from the At-
lantic States occurs in the collection of the Expedition, but in no
other from the Pacific coast that we have examined.

2, PANICUM CAPILLARE, Linn.

Has. On the Sacramento, California.Some of the forms of this
species seem to be enough unlike the type to take at least the rank
of a variety ; but an extensive suite of specimens, collected at various
stations from the Mississippi to the Pacific, shows that as it goes west-
ward the plant becomes more robust, the branches of the panicle less
capillary, and the mostly short-pedicelled florets larger and more
acute.

3. PANICUM SCOPARIUM, Lam.

Panicum scoparium, Lam. Encycl., 4, p. 744.
P. pauciflorum, Ell.? Gray Man. ed. 5, p. 648.

Haz. Oregon.—Collected also by Spalding and Hall. This species,
which occurs in the Eastern States, like the related P. dichotonum,
assumes a variety of forms, and late in the season branches and some-
times becomes very puzzling. It is readily distinguished by a fold or
crease at the base of the lower palet of the perfect floret, which is,
under a strong lens, minutely dotted in lines.

4, Panicum Crus-Ga.ui, Linn.

Has. On the Sacramento, California; no doubt introduced.

GRAMINESA. 481

8 SETARIA, Beauv.

1. SETARIA GLAUCA, Beauv.

Has. On the Sacramento, California; introduced.

9 ERIOCOMA, Nut

1, Ertocoma cusprpata, Nutt.

Eriocoma cuspidata, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 40.

Stipa membranacea, Pursh FI. 2, p. 728.

S. hymenotdes, Rem. & Schult. Syst. 2, p. 339.

Urachne lanata, Trin. Panic. p. 126.

Fendleria rhynchelytroides, Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1, p. 420.

Has. North branch of the Columbia.—This strikingly beautiful
species occurs eastward to the Missouri River, and its seeds form an
important article of food to some of the Indian tribes of the interior.
The root, which seems to be rarely secured by collectors, is very white,
and its cortex, which separates readily from the woody portion in
drying, is clothed with a dense mat of long woolly hairs.

10. ORYZOPSIS, Michs.
1. Oryzopsis ExiGuA, Sp. Nov.

Panicula contracta, radiis solitarvis binisve erectis subsecundis unifloris ;
glumis obtusis muecronatis flosculo piloso paullo brevioribus ; arista
glumas subequante ; antherarum loculis apice barbatis.

Has. Cascade Mountains, Oregon.—Minutely pubescent throughout.
Culm slender and wiry, 6 to 8 inches high. Leaves 2 to 3 inches
long, narrow, convolute, rigid and pungent; sheaths shorter than
the internodes; ligule somewhat exceeding a line in length and lacer-

121

482 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

ate. Panicle 1 to 14 inches long; rays mostly in pairs, one about
equalling the flower, and the other twice its length. Glumes 2 inches
long, obtuse and mucronate, puberulent, turning purplish with age,
about one-fourth shorter than the floret, which has a rounded callus
with a few short hairs. Lower palet one-nerved with scattered hairs
and minutely puncticulate, bearing just below its apex a slightly
twisted somewhat persistent awn about its own length; upper palet
as broad as and slightly longer than the lower, faintly 2-nerved and
strongly involute. Stamens three, bearded at the apex. Styles three,
elongated and exserted. Squamulee two, as long as the ovary, inequi-
lateral. In two florets three styles were distinctly made out, but the
specimens were generally too mature to enable us to determine if this
is a constant character.

This species, which we have seen only in the collections of the
Expedition, is most nearly allied to O. Canadensis, from which it
abundantly differs in its simple and contracted panicle, its shorter
glumes, and in its awn. |

ll. STIPA, Linn.

1. STIPA EMINENS, Cav.

Stipa eminens, Cav. Icon. 5, p. 42, t. 467, fig. 1.
S. mucronata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen., & Spec. 1, p. 108.

Has. North branch of the Columbia.—The collection contains the
panicle only of what agrees with a specimen determined as belonging
to this species by General Munro. It chiefly differs from the related
S. setigera, Presl, in having the lower palet hairy all over.

2. STIPA VIRIDULA, Trin.

Stipa viridula, Trin. in Act. Petrop. 1836; Trin. & Ruprecht, Stipes, p. 57.
S. parviflora, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 59.

S. spartea, Hook. Flor. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 37.

S. Nuttalliana, Steud. Syn. Glum. 2, p. 648.

Has. Nisqually, north branch of the Columbia River, &c.

? GRAMINE &. 483

3. STIPA comata, Trin, & Rupr.

Stipa comata, Trin. & Rupr. Stipes, p. 75.
S. juncea, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 58.
S. capillata, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 37.

Has. Okanagan and north branch of the Columbia River.

4. STIPA OCCIDENTALIS, Sp. Noy.

Panicula contracta, radiis infimis bi-triternatis paucifloris, supremis
solitarus unifloris ; glumis lanceolatis acuminatissimis ; flosculo albo-
piloso brevi-coronato glumis paullo breviore ; arista bigeniculata, in-
Jerne breviplumosa ; antheris nudis.

Stipa occidentalis, Thurb.; Watson in U.S. Geolog. Expl. of 40th Parallel, p. 380 ;
Bolander in Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 4, p. 169.

Has. North branch of the Columbia and Okanagan. Since col-
lected in California and Nevada by Bloomer, Bolander, and Watson,
and on the Colorado of the West by Newberry.—Culms slender, 1 to
4 feet high, purplish, minutely scabrous, pubescent at the nodes.
Radical leaves 4 to 8 inches long, those of the culm shorter, involute,
filiform, rigid and rough; sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligule
2 to 3 inches long, lacerate. Panicle 3 to 6 inches long, the base
often included in the upper sheath, few-flowered; rays mostly erect,
the lower 1-2-, rarely 3-flowered; spikelets short-pedicelled. Lower
glume 5 inches long, 5-nerved, the upper shorter and indistinctly 3-
nerved. Lower palet 3 to 3% inches long, brownish at maturity,
pubescent with appressed hairs, especially below, with a short but
distinct corona and a brief acute bearded callus; the upper palet
three-quarters the length of the lower. Awn 12 inches long, mostly
twice bent and plumose to the upper geniculation with rather coarse
hairs, less than a line long below and shorter above. Bolander
remarks (/oc. cit.) that this species has a wide range and is very vari-
able; that on loose sandy soil at 4000 or 5000 feet altitude it assumes
a reed-like appearance, but at high elevations and in rocky places is
much reduced in size. He also notes that in the larger specimens the

484 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

awn is nearly smooth. In the specimens collected by the Expedition
the awns are conspicuously plumose. Bolander states that this species
is much esteemed by sheep-growers.

12, ARISTIDA, Linn.
1. ARISTIDA PURPUREA, Nutt.

Aristida purpurea, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N. Ser. 5, p. 145.

Has. Walla-Walla, Oregon.—A very variable and widely distrib-
uted species, forms of which have received specific names; that in the
collection is A. equiramea, Scheele in Linnea, 22, p. 343.

13. SPOROBOLUS, R. Brown.
1. SPOROBOLUS CRYPTANDRUS, Gray.

Sporobolus eryptandrus, Gray, Man. (1867), p. 610.
Agrostis eryptandra, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1, p. 151.
Vilfa eryptandra, Trin. Agrost. 1, p. 49.

V. Triniana, Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1, p. 156.

Has. Walla-Walla, Oregon.

2. SPOROBOLUS RAMULOSUS, Kunth.

Sporobolus ramulosus, Kunth. Gram. 1, p. 68. ‘
Vilfa ramulosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 1, p. 187, t. 684.
Agrostis minutissima, Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1, p. 171.

Has. Walla- Walla, Oregon.—This, which is a quite common species
further south, we have not seen in any other collection so far north.
The glumes are usually fringed at the apex, but there is a variation
in this respect as there is in the mucronation of the lower palet,
which, in New Mexican specimens, is often distinctly pointed from
the prolongation of the mid-nerve.

GRAMINEZ. 485

14, POLY POGON, Desf.
1, PoLypogon LiTroRALIs, Smith.

Has. San Francisco, California.—This, in Bolander’s distributed
sets, was called P. fugaax, Nees (P. Monspeliensis, var. fuga, Princ)
but later specimens lead me to refer it as above. It seems to be a coin-
mon grass upon the coast, and grows in similar situations with the P.
Monspeliensis, which, though of frequent occurrence, is not in the col-
lection. Mr. Bolander states that the present species is much earlier

and more abundant than P. Monspeliensis, from which it is readily dis-
tinguished by its more open panicle and shorter awns.

1. GASTRIDIUM, Beaw.
1. GASTRIDIUM AUSTRALE, Beauv.

Has. San Francisco, California, and since found to be very common
upon dry hills in most portions of the State.

16. AGROSTIS, Linn.

1. AGRosTis sCABRA, Willd.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, and common along the California coast.

2. AGROSTIS CANINA, Linn.

Has. Near the mouth of the Spokane River; collected in Cali-
fornia by Bolander.
122

486 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

3. AGROSTIS EXARATA, Trin.

Agrostis exarata, Trin. Gram. Uni.-Sesquifl. p. 207, & Icon. t. 27.
A. asperifolia, Trin. Agrostid. 2, p. 71.

A. pallens, Trin. 1. ¢. p. 82.

A. Schiedeana, Trin. 1. c. p. 81.

A. microphylla, Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 154.

Has. Numerous localities in California and northward.—That this
is a very variable species is shown by the synonyms given above,
those relating to Trinius’s species being upon the authority of General
Munro. It occurs, according to locality, from 2 inches to 4 feet in
height, and, as is the case with other species of Agrostis on the north-
west coast, varies as to the presence or absence of an awn to the lower
palet, and the size of the upper one.

17, CALAMAGROSTIS, Adans.
1. CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS, Beauv.

Has. Spokane River, Washington Territory.

2. CALAMAGROSTIS ALEUTICA, Ziin.

Calamagrostis Aleutica, Trin. in Bong. Veg. Sitcha, p. 71; Gray in Proc. Am.
Acad. 6, p. 80.

Has. Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.—Since collected by
Bolander and others near San Francisco and elsewhere. According
to Bolander it forms large tufts upon which cattle will feed in times
of scarcity.

18 PHRAGMITES, JZrin.
1. PHRAGMITES CoMMUNIS, Trin.

Has. Sacramento, California, and Puget’s Sound.

GRAMINES. 487

19. SPARTINA, Schreb.
I. SPARTINA GRACILIS, Trin.

Has. Okanagan, Washington Territory.

2. SPARTINA STRICTA, var. FOLIOSA.
Spartina foliosa, Trin. Agrost. 1, p. 92.

Has. San Francisco, California—There seems to be little doubt
that this is the plant described by Trinius as S. foliosa, and that it is
only a form of the variable S. stricta with the leaves much crowded
at the top of the culm, and equalling or exceeding the panicle.

20. AIRA, Linn.
1. AIRA DANTHONIOIDES, Zin.
Aira danthonioides, Trin. in Act. Petrop. 1830, 1, p. 57, & Icon. t. 257.

Has. Spipen River and north branch of the Columbia.

2, AIRA ELONGATA, Hook.
Aira elongata, Hook. Flor. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 248, t. 228.

Has. Nisqually, &., Washington Territory.—The specimens vary
in length from a few inches to two feet or more. The hairy abortive
pedicel often as long as the floret below it.

3. AIRA CAISPITOSA, var. LONGIFLORA, Trin.
Aira cespitosa, var. longiflora, Trin. in Herb. Torr.

Has. Nisqually and the north branch of the Columbia.—Some of
the culms are 4 or 5 feet long, with the panicle of a fine bronze color,
and quite agreeing with authentic specimens named by Trinius.

488 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS,

21. TRIS T UM, Persoon.

1. TRISETUM sSUBSPICATUM, Beauv.

Has. Cascade Mountains, Oregon; west side.

2. TRISETUM CERNUUM, Trin.
Trisetum cernuum, Trin. in Act. Petrop. 1830, 1, p- 161.

Hap. Cascade Mountains, Oregon; east side.

22, AVENA, Linn.

1. AVENA FATUA, Linn.

Has. On the Sacramento, California.—This is the well-known “wild
oat” of California, so valuable as a forage plant. It has generally
been regarded as introduced from Southern Europe, but Mr. Bolander,
who has especially noticed this grass, states in Trans. Cal. State Agri-
cult. Soc. 1864-65, p. 38, his opinion that it is indigenous.

23. DANTHONTA, DC.
1, Danruonta sprcata, Beauv. ?

Has. Near the mouth of the Spokane.—On the Spipen River there
was collected what seems to be a much-reduced form of this species,
with the culms about 6 inches high; sheaths clothed with long spread-
ing hairs, and leaves somewhat hairy; the panicle reduced to a single
terminal spikelet. General Munro states that he had called this D.
unispicata, in Herb. Trin. Coll. Dub., but that he since considered it
only an abnormal state of D: spicata. The same was collected by
Nuttall in the Rocky Mountains, and is his D. monostachya, Nutt. in
Herb. Phil. Acad.

GRAMINES,. 489

24. POA, Linn.
1. Poa annua, Linn.

Has. Nisqually, and very common in California.

2. Poa ABBREviata, PR. Brown,

Poa abbreviata, R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. App. pp. 287 & 309.

Has. Puget Sound, Port Discovery, and Nisqually, Washington
Territory.

3. Poa sSTENANTHA, Trin.

Poa stenantha, Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petrop. 6, ser. 1, p. 376.
P. leptocoma, Trin. 1. ¢. p. 374?
Festuca nervosa, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 251, t. 232.

Has. Various parts of Oregon and Washington Territory.

25. ERAGROSTIS, Beaw.
1. ERAGROsSTIS REPTANS, Nees.

Has. On the Sacramento River, California.

2. ERAGROSTIS ALBA, Presi.
Eragrostis alba, Presl, Rel. Henk. 1. p. 279.

Haz. On the Sacramento River, California—In the old plant the
' spikelets have from 10 to 15 florets. The mucro of the lower palet
is not a constant character, it being present and wanting in florets of
the same spikelet. |

128

490 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

26. BRIZOPY RUM, Link.
1. Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook. & Arn.

Has. San Francisco, California, and northward.

2. BRIZOPYRUM SPICATUM, var. STRICTUM.

Brizopyrum spicatum, var. strictum, Watson in Bot. King. Rep. p. 385.
Uniola stricta, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1, p. 155, & in Marcy, Rep. p. 301, t. 20.
U. multiflora, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 148.

Has. Sacramento, California, and northward.—The very rigid form
with large spikelets appears so unlike the typical plant that it is not
strange that Torrey should consider it a species. The abundant
specimens that have since been collected show that it runs into the
ordinary B. spicatum.

27. GLYCERIA, R. Brown.
1. GLYCERIA NERVATA, Trin.

Has. Spokane and Gray’s Harbor, Washington Territory.

2. GLYCERIA PALLIDA, Zin.

Has. Walla-Walla, Oregon.

3. GLYCERIA DISTANS, Wahl.

Glyceria distans, Wahl. Fl. Ups. p. 36.

Poa distans, Linn. Mant. p. 32.

P. airoides, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 68.

Atropis airoides, Griseb. in Ledeb, FI. Ross. 4, p. 388.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory Nuttall in describing his

GRAMINE A, 49]

Poa avroides, says: “ Scarcely distinct from P distans, except in habit.”
After comparing his specimens with those from numerous collectors,
we can see no reason for keeping it distinct.

4. GLYCERIA ANGUsTATA, R. Brown.

Poa angustata, R. Brown in Parry’s 1st Voy. App. p. 287 & 309.
P. Nutkaensis, Presl, Rel. Heenk. 1, p. 272.
Atropis angustata, Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4, p. 390.

Has. Not given; doubtless in Washington Territory.—Has only
been collected by others in high latitudes.

28. LOPHOCHLANA, Nees.
1. LopHocHLmNA CALirorNIcA, Nees.

Lophochlena Californica, Nees in Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 283; Hook. & Arn.

Bot. Beechey, p. 403, t. 95.
Pleuropogon Douglasit, Trin. in Steud. Plant. Glum. 1, p. 292.

Has. Cascade Mountains, Oregon, where it seems to have been
rare, as there is but one specimen in the collection. Since found in
great abundance by the California botanists; also a second species.

29. MELICA, Linn.

1. MaLica POMOIDES, Nuit.

Melica pocoides, Nutt. Plant. Gamb. p. 188; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 157 ;
Bolander in Proc. Cal, Acad. 4 (1870), p. 101.

Has. Oregon; north branch of the Columbia.—This species has
a wide range, and varies so much in size and number of florets, that
it is rare to find specimens corresponding with the original ones of —
Nuttall. He describes the spikelets as having only 2 perfect flowers,
but it oftener has 8 or 4, and in the var. inflata of Bolander 6 to 8.

492 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

2. Mewica GryeErt, Munro.

Melica Geyeri, Munro in Proc. Cal. Acad. 4 (1870), p. 103.
M. pocoides, var. bromoides, Bolander, Cat. (1867), No. 6, p- 119.

Has. Cascade Mountains, Oregon.—This has a tuberous root the
fibres of which are villous. It differs especially from MV. pocoides in
its proportionately shorter glumes and acute terminal flower.

30. K@LERIA, Prsoon.

1. Ka@Leria oristata, Pers.

Has. Oregon, &c.—The specimens include some slender forms,
nearly the K. nitida, Nutt. .

31. FESTUCA, Linn.
1. Festuca Myurvs, Linn.

Festuca Myurus, Linn. Spec. Pl. p. 109.
F. megalura, Nutt. Plant. Gambel. p. 188.

Has. San Francisco, California.

2. FESTUCA MICROSTACHYS, Nuté.

Festuca microstachys, Nutt. Plant. Gamb. p. 187; Torr. Bot. Whippl. Rep. p. 156.

Has. Oregon and California.—Nuttall described the plant from a
small form which occurs in the collections, but not so abundantly as
the larger states referred to in Whipple’s Report. In Nuttall’s descrip-
tion it is inadvertently stated that the lower glume is 3-nerved: it
should be the upper one.

GRAMINE A. 493

3. Festuca OVINA, var. DURIUSCULA, Gray.

Has. Spokane and the Columbia River, Oregon, &c.

4. Festuca pAucirLora, Thunb.

Festuca paucijlora, Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 152.

F’ occidentalis, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 249.

F. parvigluma, Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1, p. 305.
F. remotiflora, Steud. 1. ¢. p. 315.

Has. Nisqually and Cascade Mountains.—Some of the specimens
quite agree with the authentic & occidentalis in Herb. Torr., while in
others the glumes are somewhat longer.

32. BROMUS, Linn.
1. Bromus CARINATUS, Hook. & Arn.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory.

2. BROMUS BREVIARISTATUS.
Ceratochloa breviaristata, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 253, t. 284; Watson in Bot.
King. Rep. p. 389.

Has. Nisqually, Washington Territory.—The specimens, which are
in a very imperfect condition, are doubtfully referred to this.

3. Bromus HooKERIANUS.
Ceratochloa grandiflora, Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 2, p. 258, t. 235.

~ Has. Willamette, &., Oregon.—In reducing Ceratochloa to Bro-
mus we find the specific name grandiflorus, already occupied. It is
well that this finest of the species should bear the name of the
lamented botanist who first described and well illustrated it.
124

494 PHANEROGAMOUS PLANTS.

33. TRITICUM, Linn.
1. TRiITICUM REPENS, Linn.

Has. California and Oregon; common.

34. HORDEUM, Linn.
1. HorpEUM PRATENSE, Huds.

Hordeum pratense, Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 56.
H. adscendens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 1, p. 180.

Has. Oregon, in several localities.

35..E LY MUS, Linn.
1. Eiymus Srprricus, Linn.

Elymus Sibiricus, Linn. Spec. Pl. p. 123.
E. villosus var. glabriusculus, Torr. in Whippl. Rep. p. 157.

Has. Satchap and Spokane Rivers, Washington Territory.

2, Enymus CANADENSIS, Linn.

Has. Walla-Walla, Oregon.

3. ELYMUS ARENARIUS, Linn.

Has. Port Discovery, Washington Territory.

4, Etymus MOLLIS, Trin.
Elymus mollis, Trin. in Spreng. n. Entd. 2, p. 72.
Has. Not stated: probably on the coast of Washington Territory.

GRAMINES. 495

5, Etymus DASYSTACHYS, Trin.

Elymus dasystachys, Trin. in Ledeb. Il. ¢. 249; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 4, p. 333.
. mollis, R. Brown in Frankl. Journ. ed.'2, App. p. 3.

Has. Walla-Walla, Oregon.—This is a much smaller plant than

the preceding species, and abundantly distinct from it in its subulate,
almost setaceous glumes,

6. Etymus conpensatus, Presl, 1. ¢.

Has. North branch of the Columbia, Oregon.

7. Eiymus Srranion, Rem. & Schult.

Elymus (?) Sitanion, Roem. & Schult. Mant. 2, p. 426; Watson in Bot. King,
Rep. p. 391.

Sitanion Elymoides, Raf. in Jour. Phys. 89, p. 103.

gilops hystrix, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 86.

Polyantherix hystrix, Nees in Tayl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, p. 284.

Has, California and Oregon.—This extremely variable grass has,
as the synonymy shows, long been a puzzle to botanists. Many years
ago Mr. Bolander called our attention to Californian specimens which
could not be separated from Elymus, and we are glad that Watson
has restored it to that genus, of which it is at most a subgenus. Like
most of the grasses of wide geographical range, it varies much as to
foliage, length and rigidity of awns, &. The fragile character of the
rachis and the readiness with which the spike is broken into frag-
ments make it a troublesome plant to the collector.

—

INDEX.

SYNONYMS AND SPECIES MERELY REFERRED TO ARE IN ITALICS.

Abronia arenaria, 436
af mellifera, 435
sf turbinata, 436
te umbellata, 436
Aceena trifida, 294
Acer barbatum, 259
“ circinatum, 258
Douglasit, 259
“ glabrum, 259
“ macrophyllum, 258
Achillea Millefolium, 361
Achlys triphylla, 219
Aconitum nasutum, 217
Acta arguta, 217
spicata, 217
Actinella Richardsonii, 356
Adenocaulon bicolor, 835
Adenostoma fasciculata, 293
Aigilops histrix, 495
Aisculus Californica, 260
Agrostis asperifolia, 486
% canina, 485
‘ eryptandra, 484
Mt exarata, 486
es microphylla, 486
“« — minutissima, 484
‘¢ pallens, 486
Wy scabra, 485
“¢ Schiedeana, 486

Aira cespitosa, var., 487
‘ danthonioides, 487
“elongata, 487
Alchemilla arvensis, 293
és cuneifolia, 293
- occidentalis, 293
Allotropa virgata, 386
Alopecurus geniculatus, 479
Alnus glauca, 467
‘« tncana, 467
‘ — Oregona, 466
‘¢ rhombifolia, 467
‘“¢ rubra, 467
‘* serrulata, 467
Alsine tenella, 243
“ — tenuifolia, 243
Amarantacesx, 440
Amarantus albus, 440
Ambrosia coronoptfolia, 350
af glandulosa, 350
$é Lindheimeriana, 350
My psilostachya, 350
Amelanchier Canadensis, 291
Amida hirsuta, 360
Ammania latifolia, 295
Ammodia Oregana, 348
Amsinckia angustifolia, 418
« Douglasiana, 413
$s intermedia, 413

125

498

Amsinckia lycopsoides, 413
rs spectabilis, 413
" vernicosa, 413
Anacardiacez, 257
Anactidea, 361
Anagyris, 283
Anaphiles margaritacea, 365
Andromeda ? bracteosa, 379
ee ? venulosa, 380
Anemone deltoidea, 212
ee narcissifiora, 212
€ nemorosa, 212
af multifida, 212
Anemopsis Californica, 452
Angelica arguta, 323
rf genuflexa, 322
Anisocarpus madioides, 359
Anoplanthus comosus, 391
“ fasciculatus, 392
‘ unifiorus, 392
Antennaria alpina, 366
* argentea, 366
ot Carpathica, 365
a dimorpha, 366
$ dioica, 365
ae luzuloides, 365
6 margaritacea, 365
fe racemosa, 365
Antirrhinum cornutum, 393

& glandulosum, 393

Aphyllon fasciculatum, 392
e uniflorum, 392
Aplodiscus, 346
Aplopaypye Bloomeri, 346
ericoides, 346
$s lanuginosus, 347
se linearifolius, 347
ne Menziesii, 346
és resinosus, 346
:: stenophyllus, 347
Apocynacee, 433

Apocynum androsemifolium, 483

2: cannabinum, 433
Aquilegia Canadensis, 216
Arabis canescens, 228

“ hirsuta, 228

INDEX.

Arabis levigata, 228

“ rupestris, 228
Araliacese, 325
Aralia nudicaulis, 325

‘« racemosa, 325
Arbutus laurifolia, 379

“ Menziesii, 378

‘¢ procera, 378

“« pungens, 380

“tomentosa, 379
Arceuthobium, 450
Arctostaphylos acuta, 379

es cordifolia, 379

Mg glauca, 380
Hookeri, 380
BR pumila, 379

€¢ pungens, 380
ts tomentosa, 379
et Uva-ursi, 379
Arenaria congesta, 248
de formosa, 243
ts Franklini, 244
be laricifolia, 244
ef macrophylla, 246
sF nardifolia, 243
ef umbrosa, 246
Aristida equiramea, 484
“purpurea, 484
Aristolochiacex, 434
Aristolochia Californica, 484
“ tomentosa, 435
Armeria andina, var., 388
‘elongata, 388
“pubescens, 388
“ ~~ vulgaris, 388
Arnica alpina, 369
“« eordifolia, 368
“ Jatifolia, 368
“ mollis, 368
Artemisia abrotanoides, 363
“6 biennis, 363
“ Californica, 363
ig cana, 362
a Canadensis, 362
a dracunculoides, 362
* dracunculus, 362

Artemisia Fischeriana, 363
= Foliosa, 368
¥ glauca, 362
nf Hookeriana, 362
4 Ludoviciana, 362
v6 pycnocephala, 363
Tilesii, 363
“ _ vulgaris, 363
# tridentata, 362
€ trifida, 362
Asarum Canadense, var., 435
A caudatum, 435
“ Hookeri, 435
Asclepiadacer, 432
Asclepias Douglasii, 432
fascicularis, 433
*f macrophylla, 432
i speciosa, 432
Aster canescens, 340
“ Chamissonis, 341
“ ~ Chilensis, 341
‘* conspicuus, 341
“ Douglasii, 342
“« Durandi, 341
“ Menziesii, 341
" « Novi-Belgii, 342
“ radulinus, 341
“ spectabilis ?, 341
Astragalus adsurgens, 276
ms alpinus, 276
at argophyllus, 276
“6 chetodon, 275
66 collinus, 277
sg filipes, 278

es glareosus, 276
leucophyllus, 277
ss lentiginosus, 275
a Menziesii, 277

a multiflorus, 278
6 Purshii, 277

a sclerocarpus, 276
“ serotinus, 278

“ succumbens, 276

Astrogyne crotonoides, 453
Astrophia littoralis, 268
Atragene Columbiana, 212

INDEX. 499

Atriplex hastata, 437
ee littoralis, 437
Atropis airoides, 490
“ angustata, 491
Audibertia incana, 406
Avena fatua, 488
Azalea calendulacea, 381
“ nudiflora, 381
‘occidentalis, 381
Baccharis consanguinea, 349
Ae Douglasii, 349
as pilularis, 349
Baeria uliginosa, 356
Bahia arachnoidea, 355
‘ artemisizefolia, 356
“ confertiflora, 356
“Janata, 355
“ latifolia, 355
‘« leucophylla, 356
“ tenuifolia, 355
Balsamorhiza Careyana, 353

ee deltoidea, 352

« glabrescens, 352
se hirsuta, 352

‘ Hookeri, 352

a terebinthacea, 352

Banalia ? occidentalis, 440
Barbarea vulgaris, 226
Batis? vermiculatus, 439
Berberidacex, 218
Berberis Aquifolium, 218

‘ nervosa, 218
Berula angustifolia, 317
Betulacee, 466
Betula occidentalis, 466

“ — rhombifolia, 466
Bidens bipinnata, 354

“* ceruna, 354

“ frondosa, 354
Bigelovia, 346
Blepharipappus scaber, 357
Blitum: Californicum, 437

“ rubrum ?, 437
Boisduvalia, 297
Borraginace, 410
Brasenia peltata, 220

500

Brickellia Californica, 335
a. oblongifolia, 335

Brizopyrum spicatum, var., 490

Bromus breviaristatus, 493
carinatus, 493
a Hookerianus, 493
Cenotus, 342 .
Calais laciniata, 370
‘* macrocheta, 370
“¢ major, 370
“ nutans, 370
Calamagrostis Aleutica, 486

m Canadensis, 486

Calandrinia Menziesii, 248
Callitrichaces, 452
Callitriche verna, 452
Caltha biflora, 215
Calycadenia truncata, 359
° villosa, 358
Calycanthacee, 294
Calycanthus floridus, 294
‘s occidentalis, 294
Calystegia sepium, 427
as Soldanella, 427
Campanulacee, 376
Campanula filiflora, 376
ae prenanthoides, 376
xs Roezli, 576
te rotundifolia, 376
os Scouleri, 376
Cantua aggregata, 425
¢ .pungens, 426
Capparidacess, 235
Caprifoliacese, 327
Caprifolium ciliosum, 328
ee hispidulum, 328
e occidentale, 828
Capsella Bursa-pastoris, 234
Cardamine angulata, 228
cordifolia, 229
« hirsuta, 229
¢f oligosperma, 229
4 rhomboidea, 229
Carex aristata, 477
« aperta, 477
“ aurea, 477

INDEX.

Carex Bolanderi, 477
“ Bongardiana, 477
‘‘ Brongniartii, 476
“ bromoides, 477
“ Douglasii, 477
‘ Gayana, 477
“ Geyeri, 477
“ hematorhyncha, 477
“ — Hoodii, 477
“« Jamesii, 477
“ laciniata, 477
“« lanuginosa, 477
“ macrocephala, 477
“¢ pallida, 477
* Pennsylvanica, 477
“ remota, 477
“ retrorsa, 477
‘¢ salina, 477
“ Sitchensis, 477
“ stipata, 476
‘¢ —umbellata, 477
“ verticillata, 477
« Witlkesii, 477
Caryophyllacesx, 241
Castanea chrysophylla, 459, 463
ae Javanica, 464
“ pumila, 464
as sempervirens, 463
Castanopsis chrysophylla, 463
Castilleia acuminata, 401
“ foliolosa, 401
“f hispida, 401
ee miniata, 401
s pallida, 401
4 parviflora, 401
“ septentrionalis, 401
Ceanothus cuneatus, 263
ft diversifolius, 264
ff hirsutus, 264
“6 incanus, 264
¥ levigatus, 264
ee Lobbianus, 264
a oliganthus, 264
te Oregonus, 263
si prostratus, 262
& sorediatus, 264

INDEX.

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, 263
7 velutinus, 264
Celastracezs, 260
Celtis pallida, 456
‘occidentalis, 456
“reticulata, 456
Centaurea Melitensis, 369
Cephalanthus occidentalis, 333
iY salicifolius, 333
Cerasus demissa, 284
Cerastium arvense, 246
Ceratochloa breviaristata, 493
sa grandiflora, 493
Ceratophyllaces, 453
Ceratophyllum demersum, 453
Cercis occidentalis, 283
‘“« stliquastrum, 283
Cercocarpus betulifolius, 287
‘ parvifolius, 287
Cheenactis achillecfolia, 355
is Douglasii, 355
Cheiranthus Menziesii, 229
Chenopodiacer, 436
Chenopodium album, 436
Spinosum, 437
Chimaphila umbellata, 385
Chorizanthe angustifolia, 445
pungens, 445
Chrysopsis echioides, 349
¢ sessiliflora, 349
he villosa, 349
Chrysosplenium Americanum, 312
‘ glechomefolium, 312
Chrysothamnus, 345
Cicuta crassifolia, 316
“ maculata, 316
Circea alpina, 300
“ — Californica, 300
“ Lutetiana, 300
Cirsium altissimum ?, 369
“ canescens, 369
foliosum, 369
xe Hookerianum, 369
“ — remotifolium, 369
i undulatum, 369
Cistacese, 239

Clarkia pulchella, 299
‘““ rhomboidea, 299
Claytonia alsinoides, 249
‘f aquatica, 249
A Caroliniana, 248
‘ Chamissonis, 249
S dichotoma, 249
Ni Jlagellaris, 249
sf lanceolata, 248
ee linearis, 249
4 parvifolia, 249
i. perfoliata, 248
Clematis Douglasii, 211
“ ligusticifolia, 211
ve verticillaris, 212
Cleome aurea, 236
«lutea, 236
“ platycarpa, 235
Clintonia corymbosa, 375 ©
elegans, 375
Coinogyne carnosa, 360
Coldenia Nuttallii, 411
Collinsia parviflora, 393
Collomia gracilis, 423
ee grandiflora, 423
a6 heterophylla, 424
‘ linearis, 423
linoides, 423
Comandra pallida, 451
uy umbellata, 451
Composite, 335
Conifers, 470
Conioselinum Fischeri, 321
si Ingricum, 321
Convolvulacesx, 427
Coptis occidentalis, 216
Cordylanthus filifolius, 402
Coreopsis Atkinsoniana, 354

Corispermum hyssopifolium, 438

Cornacese, 326
Cornus Canadensis, 326
‘¢ florida, 326
“ — Nuttallii, 326
(pubescens, 326
Corydalis aurea, 225
x montana, 225

126

501

502

Corylus Americana, 464
‘rostrata, 464
Crantzia attenuata, 313
“ — Schaffneriana, 313
_Crassulaces, 307
Crategus sanguinea, 292
Crepis acuminata, 372
‘* occidentalis, 372
‘nutans, 370
Cressa Cretica, 427
Crocidium multicaule, 368
Crossosoma, 218
Croton gracile, 453
“¢ procumbens, 453
“ ? setigerus, 454
Crucifere, 226
Cryptopleura Californica, 374
Cucurbitaces, 302
Cupressus Nutkanus, 470
Cupulifer, 458
Cuscuta, 427
Cymopterus ? littoralis, 321
sé terebinthinus, 322
Cynoglossum glomeratum, 415
‘S Nuttallii, 418
es pilosum, 418
Cyperacer, 471
Cyperus alterniflorus, 472
aristatus, 472
Ke diandrus, 471
« erythrorhizos, 478
“© Houghtonii, 472
pe inflexus, 472
occidentalis, 473
“< pygmeeus, 472
“« Schweinitzii, 472
s tenuiflorus, 473
ee uncinatus, 472
« vegetus, 472
K virens, 472
Danthonia monostachya, 488
.s spicata, 488
es unispicata, 488
Daphnidostaphylos Fendleri, 379
s glauca, 380
66 Hookeri, 380

INDEX.

Daphnidostaphylos pungens, 380
Darlingtonia Californica, 221
Daucus pusillus, 321
Delphinium azureum, 217
$8 Menziesii, 216
ms simplex, 217
Dendromicon rigidum, 224
Dentaria tenella, 229
Dicentra Cucularia, 225
a formosa, 225
Dicheta tenella, 356
Dielytra formosa, 225
“ saccata, 225
Dieteria incana, 340
Diplacus glutinosus, 398
- latifolius, 398
‘“ leptanthus, 398
% longifolius, 398
Diplopappus incanus, 340
Dodecatheon frigidum, 390
7 integrifolium, 390
i Meadia, 390
Douglasia nivalis, 890
Downingia elegans, 375
As pulchella, 375
aS pusilla, 375
Draba Caroliniana, 283
“ —-nemorosa, 233
Dulichium spathaceum, 471
Kcheveria lanceolata, 307
Echinocystis fabacea, 302
ty muricata, 302
Kchinopanax horridum, 325
Echinospermum floribundum, 419
dy patulum, 418
Edosmia Gairdneri, 520
Hleagnacee, 449
Eleocharis palustris, 474
sc rostellata, 474
Ellisia microcalyx, 420
Elymus arenarius, 494
«Canadensis, 494
“ — gondensatus, 495
« — dasystachys, 495
“ mollis, 494
“ mollis, 495

Elymus Sibiricus, 494
ae Sitanion, 495
‘« villosus, var., 494
Elytrospermum Californicum, 475
Epilobium angustifolium, 296
he coloratum, 296
et minutum, 296
Ae palustre, 297
‘ paniculatum, 297
a tetragonum, 296
Hragrostis alba, 489
* reptans, 489
Hremocarpus setigerus, 454
Hricacex, 377
Ericameria, 346
Lrigeron Bellidiastrum, 342
““ Canadense, 342
“ compositum, 342
“ concinnum, 343
“ corymbosum, 343
decumbens, 343
“« divergens, 342
“ filifolium, 344
“ foliosum, 343
“ — glaucum, 343
“« pedatum, 342
“ Philadelphicum, 343
i pumilum, 348
“ speciosum, 343
“ strigosum, 343
“ trifidum, 842
Hriocoma cuspidata, 481
Eriodictyon angustifolium, 421
* glutinosum, 421
Eriogonum acetoselloides, 444

as affine, 443
‘ andinum, 442
si angustifolium, 442
¥ compositum, 442
nt confertiflorum, 445
ef decumbens, 444
¥é elatum, 444
Ke latifolium, 443
ee nudum, 444

8 oblongifolium, 443
- ovalifolium, 442

INDEX.

Eriogonum polyanthum, 443
purpureum, 442
* spherocephalum, 441
i thymoides, 441
a trachygonum, 444
, vimineum, 445
Eriophyllum, 355
Hritrichium Californicum, 417
ee fulvum, 417

RS glomeratum, 415
: leucopheum, 414
. muriculatum, 416
es pterocaryum, 415
s Scouleri, 417

Hrodium cicutarium, 252
Eryngium articulatum, 315
iF petiolatum, 315
Erysimum asperum, 230
ef cheiranthoides, 230
ff lanceolatum, 230
. retrofractum, 230
Eschscholtzia Californica, 224
=f Douglasii, 224
Hulophus ambiguus, 318
Kuphorbiacesx, 453
Euphorbia Arkansana, 455
4 crenulata, 455
sf dictyosperma, 455
i glyptosperma, 454
a ineequilatera, 454
Cd petaloides, 454
aS polygonifolia, 454
f subserrata, 454
EKurotia ceratoides, 438
Huthamia, 345
Hutoca Menziesti, 420
“heterophylla, 420
Fendleria rhynchelytroides, 481
Festuca megalura, 492
microstachys, 492
« Myurus, 492
és nervosa, 489
i occidentalis, 493
re ovina, 493 |
“« parvigluma, 493
“ pauciflora, 493

503

604

Festuca remotiflora, 493
Flerkia proserpinacoides, 253
Fragaria Chilensis, 290

4 vesca, 290

ef Virginiana, 290
Frangula Californica, 261

ss Caroliniana, 262

ts Purshiana, 262
Frankeniacesx, 240
Frankenia grandifolia, 240
Franseria bipinnatifida, 351

es Chamissonis, 350

* cuneifolia, 350

ét Hookeriana, 351

ad pumila, 351
Frasera albicaulis, 429

: Carolinensis, 429

‘f nitida, 429

Ks thyrsiflora, 429
Fraxinus grandifolia, 434

Oregana, 434

* pubescens, 434
Fremontia vermicularis, 439
Fumariaceexr, 225
Fumaria formosa, 225
Gaillardia aristata, 354
Galium Aparine, 331

« pboreale, 331

“ — Californicum, 331

“ trifidum, 331

“ ~ triflorum, 331
Gamocheta, 364
Garryaces, 456
Garrya elliptica, 456

“¢ Fremontii, 457
Gastridium australe, 485
Gaultheria Myrsinites, 381

“ Shallon, 380

Gaura parviflora, 299
Gayophytum ramosissimum, 299
Gentianacer, 429
Gentiana acuta, 431

ie affinis, 431

rt calycosa, 430

ms sceptrum, 430
Geraniacee, 251

INDEX.

Geranium Carolinianum, 252
erianthum, 251
% ertostemon, 251
be maculatum, 251
Geum macrophyllum, 287
“ triflorum, 287
Gilia aggregata, 425
‘“ congesta, 424
‘¢ Hookeri, 426
‘¢ jnconspicua, 425
minutifiora, 428
“ pharnaceoides, 425
“ pulchella, 425
“« pungens, 426
“ tenella, 425
Glehnia littoralis, 821
Glyceria angustata, 491
re distans, 490
ke nervata, 490
rf pallida, 490
Glycosma occidentalis, 324
Glycyrrhiza glutinosa, 268
lepidota, 268
Gnaphalium Californicum, 363
+ decurrens, 364
at dimorphum, 366
ae luteo-album, 364
‘f palustre, 864
ee purpureum, 364
es ramosissimum, 363
‘ Sprengelii, 363, 364
a ustulatum, 364
Godetia, 297
Gramines, 478

_|Grayia polygaloides, 437

“ gpinosa, 437

Gregoria, 390
Grindelia cuneifolia, 348

ut hirsutula, 348

humilis, 3848

Ht integrifolia, 348

y nana, 348

s robusta, 348

et squarrosa, 348
Grossulacese, 304 .
Gutierrezia Euthamia, 344

Gymnandra rubra, 399
Harpecarpus madarioides, 360
Helenium antumnale, 357

ax grandiflorum, 357

, puberulum, 357
Helianthella lanceolata, 354
Helianthemum scoparium, 239
Helianthus Californicus, 353

“ petiolaris, 353
Heliopsis? Balsamorhiza, 352
s terebinthacea, 352

Heliotropium Curassavicum, 410
Hemicarpha subsquarrosa, 473
Hemizonia angustifolia, 358

* decumbens, 358
ft Fitchii, 358

« luzuleefolia, 857
es multicaulis, 358
+8 pungens, 358

ee rudis, 357

Hendecandra procumbens, 453
Heracleum lanatum, 323
Hesperochiron Californicus, 432
Heterophania, 366
Heuchera cylindrica, 510

ng glabella, 310

‘ micrantha, 310

v8 ovalifolia, 310
Hibiscus Moscheutos, 256
Hieracium albiflorum, 371

eS Scouleri, 371
Hierochloa borealis, 479
Homalobus dispar, 278

‘ multi florus, 278
Honkenya oblongifolia, 244

a peploides, 244
Hordeum adscendens, 494

e pratense, 494
Horkelia Californica, 288

te congesta, 288

“4 hirsuta, 288
Hosackia bicolor, 272

tf decumbens, 274

sh elata, 273

floribunda, 273
“ glabra, 274

INDEX. 505

Hosackia gracilis, 273

\ juncea, 274
. micrantha, 274
mollis, 273
a parviflora, 273
* pilosa, 273
as Purshiana, 273
5 scoparia, 274
‘“ subpinnata, 273
‘¢ tomentosa, 274
; uf Wrangeliana, 273
Hydrocotyle Chinensis, 314
2 lineata, 314
4 ranunculoides, 313

Hymenopappus Douglasti, 355
‘ filifolins, 355
Hydropeltis, 220
Hydrophyllaces, 419
Hydrophyllum capitatum, 419
Virginicum, 419
Hypericacez, 239
Hypericum anagalloides, 240

x bracteosum, 239
‘6 concinnum, 240
ad formosum, 239
‘e mutilum, 240
Scouleri, 239

Idiopsis, 440
llysanthes gratioloides, 399
Ipomeria aqgregata, 425
Ipomopsis elegans, 425
Isolepis carinata, 475

‘« kotlolepis, 475

‘« pygmea, 476

“ subsquarrosa, 473
Iva axillaris, 350
Ivesia Gordonii, 289

‘¢ Pickeringii, 288

“ — santolinoides, 289
Jamesia pauciflora, 371
Jaumea carnoga, 360
Jussiza repens, 300
Kalmia glauca, 383
Kelloggia galioides, 332
Keeleria cristata, 492

¢e nitida, 492

127

506

Krynitzkia leiocarpa, 417
Kymapleura, 374
Labiate, 404
Lagophylla ramosissima, 359
Lathyrus maritimus, 266

2 myrtifolius, 267

a ochroleucus, 267

6 palustris, 267

se Torreyi, 267

ae ? villosus, 267
Lauracex, 451
Laurocerasus, 285
Layia glandulosa, 357
Ledum latifolium, 383
Leersia oryzoides, 478
Leguminose, 266
Lentibulariacesx, 391
Lepidium intermedium, 233

$f Menziesii, 233

a ruderale, 233
Leptarrhena inundata, 309
Loptotznia dissecta, 319

“ multifida, 320

Lessingia Germanorum, 337

Be nana, 338

es ramulosa, 338

. virgata, 3839
Lewisia rediviva, 250
Limnanthacee, 253
Linacee, 251
Linaria Canadensis, 392
Linnea borealis, 327
Linosyris graveolens, 345

‘ viscidiflora, 546
Linum perenne, 251
Lippia lanceolata, 403
Lithophragma glabra, 311

Re parviflora, 311
Lithospermum? circumscissum, 414

a denticulatum, 412

6 dichotomum, 411

es lycopsoides, 413

x pilosum, 412

ss ruderale, 412

Loasacex, 301
Lobeliacez, 375

INDEX.

Lonicera Californica, 329

4 ciliosa, 328

sé hispidula, 328

ob interrupta, 329
a involucrata, 329
te microphylla, 328
ee occidentalis, 328

Lophanthus urticefolius, 406
Lophochlena Californica, 491
Loranthacex, 449
Lotus sericeus, 278
“ Wrangelianus, 273

Lupinus albicaulis, 280

of albifrons, 281

% arboreus, 281

ei lepidus, 280

a leucophyllus, 280

¢ littoralis, 281

f macrocarpus, 281

at micranthus, 279

ee microcarpus, 279
‘ minimus, 279
or ornatus, 280

% polyphyllus, 280

cf pusillus, 279

“ sericeus, 281

Ke rivularis, 280
Lychnis pulchra, 242
Lycopus sinuatus, 404

Ke Virginicus, 404
Lygodesmia minor, 371
Lysimachia ciliata, 389
Lythraces, 295
Lythrum alatum, 295

tt Californicum, 295

os lineare, 295
Macheranthera canescens, 340

Ks tanacetifolia, 340

Macrocarphus achilleefolius, 355

ee Douglasti, 355
Macrorhynchus Chilensis, 374

es grandiflorus, 373

% heterophyllus, 374

i Lessingii, 373

és retrorsus, 373

as troximoides, 373

INDEX.

Madaria corymbosa, 359
as elegans, 359
ve racemosa, 359
Madaroglossa, 357
Madia dissitiflora, 360
“sativa, 359
Malvacer, 253
Malva acerifolia, 255
“© fasciculata, 254
*¢ — Munroana, 254
“ rivularis, 255
Malvastrum Munroanum, 254
Marah muricatus, 302
Margaripes, 365
Matricaria discoidea, 361
Megarhiza, 302
Melica Geyeri, 492
‘¢ poseoides, 492
Melilotus occidentalis, 242
“© parviflora, 272
Mentha Canadensis, 404
Mentzelia albicaulis, 301
levicaulis, 301
7 ornata, 801
Menyanthes pumila, 432
of trifoliata, 431
Menziesia ferruginea, 381
Meriensia denticulata, 412
- oblongifolia, 412
sé Sibirica, 412
Mesembryanthemaceex, 302
Mesembryanthemum mutabile, 302
Micromeria Douglasii, 405
Mimulus alsinoides, 398
rf cardinalis, 397
s floribundus, 398
glutinosus, 398
ws luteus, 597
a microphyllus, 398
moschatus, 398
ob rivularis, 397
Mitella caulescens, 311
‘“¢ pentandra, 312
Mecehringia lateriflora, 246
‘ macrophylla, 246
66 umbrosa, 246

Mollugo verticillata, 247

Monardella odoratissima, 405

66

villosa, 405

Moneses grandiflora, 384

6

66

reticulata, 384
uniflora, 384

Monotropa Hypopitys, 385

6

uniflora, 385

Mulgedium leucophzum, 374

6

-pulchellum, 374

Myosotis Californica, 417

66

Chorisiana, 417
flaccida, 417
Julva, 417
glomerata, 415
leucophxa, 414
muricata, 416
verna, 412

Myosurus-minimus, 215
Myricaces, 465
Myrica Californica, 465

66

66

Myriophyllum verticillatum, 300

cerifera, 465
Xalapensis, 465

Myrrhis, 324
Nardosmia Hookeriana, 336

66

6

palmata, 336
speciosa, 336

Nasturtium curvisiliqua, 226

66

‘7?

lyratum, 226
palustre, 226

Naumbergia thrysiflora, 389
Navarretia intertexta, 424

66

66

Squarrosa, 424
heterophylla, 424

Negundo aceroides, 259

66
Ge

66

Californicum, 259
fraxinifolium, 259
Mexicanum, 259

Nemophila parviflora, 420

6

pedunculata, 420

Nicotiana multivalvis, 429

~

quadrivalvis, 428

Nitrophila occidentalis, 440
Nuphar advena, 220

6

polysepalum, 220

507

508 INDEX.

Nuttallia cerasiformis, 285 Padus, 284
* malve flora, 253 Peonia Brownii, 217
e Munroana, 254 “ Californica, 218
Nyctaginacee, 435 Panax horridum, 325
Nympheacee, 220 Panicum agrostoides, 480
Obione leucophylla, 437 a capillare, 480
(inanthe sarmentosa, 320 vs Crus-Galli, 480
(nothera Andina, 298 | % — pauciflorum, 480
x biennis, 297 — polyrhizon , 479
$$ cheiranthifolia, 298 * scoparium, 480
e contorta, 298 Papaveracess, 224
“ densiflora, 297 Parietaria Pennsylvanica, 406
“A heterantha, 298 Parnassia parviflora, 310
a Lindleyi, 297 Paronychia? ramosissima, 247
et parvula, 298 Paspalum distichum, 479
Ke quadrivulnera, 297 ss notatum, 479
ie strigulosa, 298 Pectocarya Chilense, 418
Oleacee, 434 ms lateriflora, 418
Omalotheca, 366 ; s penicillata, 418
Onagraces, 296 Pedicularis densiflora, 402
Oplopanax, 325 Ms racemosa, 402
Oreophila, 260 Pentacena polycnemoides, 247
Orobanchaceer, 391 Bs ramosissima, 247
Orobanche comosa, 391 Pentstemon confertus, 395
es fasciculata, 892 ae corymbosus, 395
Orobus littoralis, 268 6 deustus, 395
% —svillosus, 267 KS diffusus, 396
Orthocarpus densiflorus, 400 * Gairdneri, 894
es hispidus, 400 3 glandulosus, 397
se pusillus, 400 tf ovatus, 397
ts tenuifolius, 400 uF Richardsoni, 396
Oryzopsis Canadensis, 482 - Scouleri, 394
a exigua, 481 58 speciosus, 394
Osmorhiza brevistylis, 324 «6 triphyllus, 396
Na divaricata, 324 ns venustus, 396
ae nuda, 324 Peritoma, 235
si occidentalis, 324 Petalostemon macrostachyum, 270
Oxalidaceze, 252 Peucedanum ambiguum, 318
Oxalis acetosella, 252 r dasycarpum, 319
“ =6Oregana, 252 Ms farinaceum, 318
“ gtricta, 252 itt foeniculaceum, 318
Oxytropis Lamberti, 279 we latifolium, 317
c Plattensis, 279 “6 leiocarpum, 317
66 sericea, 279 6 leptocarpum, 318
Pachypodium, 231 6 macrocarpum, 319

Pachystima Myrsinites, 260 64 nudicaule, 319

Peucedanum tomentosum, 319
“i triternatum, 318
a utriculatum, 319
Phaca densifolia, 277
“ Nuttallii, 277
‘* podocarpa, 277
Phacelia circinata, 420
"7 heterophylla, 420
te Menziesii, 420
ve ramosissima, 421
Phalaris Americana, 478
‘s angusta, 478
‘6 arundinacea, 478
“ Californica, 478
a intermedia, 478
KS microstachya, 478
ff occidentalis, 478
trivialis, 478
Phelipcea comosa, 391
Phellopterus littoralis, 321
Philadelphus Californicus, 312
at Gordonianus, 312
Re Lewisii, 312
Phleum alpinum, 479
Phlox canescens, 422
“ divaricata, 421
« — Douglasii, 422
“ Hoodit, 422
‘« Hookeri, 426
* occidentalis, 421
“« — Sabini, 421
«speciosa, 421
Pheenicaulis cheiranthoides, 229
Phoradendron Bolleanum, 450
sf flavescens, 449
Ke var., 450
Photinia arbutifolia, 291
Phragmites communis, 486
Physaria didymovarpa, 232
me Geyeri, 232
Pickeringia montana, 282
Picradenia Richardsonii, 356
Piptocalyx circumscissus, 414
Plantaginacesx, 387
Plantago Durvillei, 387
a gnaphalioides, 387

INDEX.

Plantago Kamtschatica, 387

ae major, 387

“ maritima, 387

bs Patagonica, 387

tf Virginica var., 387

Platanacesx, 457
Platanus Californica, 457
. Mexicana, 457
« racemosa, 457
Platyspermum scapigerum, 234
Plectritis congesta, 334
Pleuropogon Douglasii, 491
Pluchea camphorata, 349
Plumbaginacesw, 388
Poa abbreviata, 489
“* atroides, 490
‘© angustata, 491
‘annua, 489
“6 distans, 499
‘* leptocoma, 489
** Nutkaensis, 491
‘* stenantha, 489
Pogogyne Douglasii, 406
Polanisia graveolens, 236
Polemoniacez, 421
Polemoniam czruleum, 426
66 humile, 426
x pulcherrinum, 426
Polyantherix hystrix, 495
Polygalaceze, 265
Polygala Californica, 265
66 cornuta, 265
As cucullata, 265
ue Nutkana, 265
polygama, 265
Polygonacee, 441
Polygonum acre, 447
66 amphibium, 447

we aviculare, 446
bE Bolanderi, 446
me coarctatum, 446

xs glaucum, 446

Re imbricatum, 446
ee nodosum, 447

‘ Paronychia, 446
a polygaloides, 447

509

510

Polygonum tenue, 446
+ viviparum, 447
Polypogon fugax, 485
4 littoralis, 485
% Monspeliensis, 485
Populus angustifolia, 468
vis balsamifera, 469
* candicans, 469
ak longifolia, 469
MP monilifera, 468
es tremuloides, 468
‘¢ trichocarpa, 469
Portulacacesx, 248
Portulaca oleracea, 248
Potentilla flabelliformis, 289

y fruticosa, 289
6 gracilis, 289

es millegrana,.289
ts palustris, 290
“ rivalis, 289

Prenanthes runcinata, 371
as tenuifolia, 371

Primulacee, 389
Prunella vulgaris, 407
Prunus emarginata, 284

“ jlicifolia, 285

‘¢ mollis, 284

“ rivularis, 292

“ — sambucifolia, 292

“ serotina, 284

“ -Virginiana, 284
Psoralea lanceolata, 269

ss macrostachya, 269

oe orbicularis, 269

a physodes, 269
Pterospora Andromedsa, 385
Ptilophora major, 370
Pulmonaria oblongifolia, 412

66 Sibirica, 412
Purshia tridentata, 287
Pycnanthemum Californicum, 404
Pyrola aphylla, 284

“bracteata, 283

‘ chlorantha, 283

“ ~— elata, 288

“© minor, 284

INDEX.

Pyrola rotundifolia, 383
‘¢ secunda, 284
‘uniflora, 384

Pyrus Americana, 292

Quercus acutiglandis, 460
ss agrifolia, 460
‘ chrysolepis, 459
+ coccinea, 463

crassipocula, 459

« densiflora, 458

ve Douglasii, 462

M echinacea, 458

Re Julvescens, 459

e Garryana, 462

dy Hindsvi, 461

Ms Kelloggii, 468

a lobata, 461

be longiglanda, 462

“oblongifolia, 460

. oxyadenia, 460
oh Ransomi, 460
se tinctoria var., 460

< virens, 458
Ranunculaceer, 211
Ranunculus affinis, 213

pf aquatilis, 213

tt Flammula, 213
as glaberrimus, 214
Mi Nelsonit, 214

Mt occidentalis, 214

st orthorhynchus, 214
‘ Pennsylvanicus, 214
nf repens, 215

4 tenellus, 214
Rhamnaceex, 261
Rhamnus alnifolius, 262
. Californicus, 261
os croceus, 262
ef laurifolius, 261
: olexfolius, 261
4 Purshianus, 262
: tomentellus, 261
Rhinanthus Crista-galli, 402
Rhododendron albiflorum, 382
¥ calendulaceum, 381
macrophyllum, 882

Rhododendron maximum, 382
Rhus aromatica, 257

“ glabra, 257

“ Toxicodendron, 257

“ trilobata, 257
Ribes aureum, 306

“ bracteosum, 306

‘‘ Californicum, 304

“ cereum, 305

“ divaricatum, 304

“« hirtellum, 305

« lJacustre, 305

“« malvaceum, 306

“ Menziesii, 304

“occidentale, 304

“ rubrum, 305

‘* sanguineum, 306

“« subvestitum, 304

“ ~—villosum, 304
Rosacex, 284
Rosa blanda, 293

* Californica, 293

“« fraxinifolea, 293

“ gymnocarpa, 293

Woodsii, 295
Rubus macropetalus, 291

« ~~ Nutkanus, 290

« spectabilis, 291

« strigosus, 290

« -velutinus, 290
Rudbeckia occidentalis, 353
Rumex acetosa, 448

fe domesticus, 448

ee longifolius, 448

& maritimus, 447

‘6 salicifolius, 448

‘s venosus, 448
Sagina Linneei, 243

¥ procumbens, 242

Salicacee, 468
Salicornia ambigua, 438
ss herbacea, 438
a radicans, 438
Sambucus Canadensis, 330
7 glauca, 330
RF Mexicana, 330

INDEX, d11

Sambucus pubens, 330
3 racemosus, 330
Sanguisorba annua, 294
y mocrocephala, 294
Sanicula bipinnatifida, 314
“ — Marilandica, 314
“¢ Menziesii, 314
‘« pinnatifida, 314
Santolaces, 451
Sapindacesx, 258
Sarcobatus Maximiliani, 439
$8 vermicularis, 439
Sarraceniacex, 221
Saururacesr, 452
Saxifragaces, 308
Saxifraga iptegrifolia, 308
a nivalis, 309
f peltata, 309
a Pennsylvanica, 308
Scirpus lenticularis, 475
f maritimus, 475
“« microcarpus, 475
‘« pungens, 474
“« riparius, 475
rostellatus, 474
ma subsquarrosus, 473
‘* sylvaticus, 475
“« triqueter, 474
Scorzonella glauca, 370
« laciniata, 370
5 leptosepala, 370
: nutans, 370
Scrophulariacesx, 392
Scrophularia nodosa, 393
Scutellaria angustifolia, 407
ef antirrhinoides, 407
es galericulata, 407
KS lateriflora, 407
Sedum Douglasii, 308
“ sparsiflorum, 307
“ spathulifolium, 307
« stenopetalum, 308
Senecio andinus, 368
‘aureus, 367
‘* canus, 367
‘ exaltatus, 367

512

Senecio fastigiatus, 367
“ — hydrophilus, 367
“ lugens, 367
Sericocarpus rigidus, 344
Setaria glauca, 481
Shepherdia Canadensis, 449
Sicyos angulatus, 302
“ — Oreganus, 302
Sida delphinifolia, 253
“ hederacea, 256
“ malve flora, 253
“ Oregona, 253
Sidalcea malveeflora, 253
“ Neo-Mexicana, 253
7 Oregana, 253 ©
Steversia, 287
Silene Antirrhina, 241
« Californica, 242
« — Douglasii, 241
« — laciniata, 242
« — Menziesii, 242
“« — pulchra, 242
«regia, 242
« rotundifolia, 242
« Scouleri, 241
“« — stellarioides, 242
Sisymbrium deflecum, 231
$s Hartwegianum, 230
v8 incisum, 230
se Sophia, 230
‘6 Thaliana, 230
Sitanion elymoides, 495
Sium angustifolium, 317
“ incisum, 317
“ lineare, 316
« pusillum, 317
Solanacesx, 428
Solanum Californicum, 428
7 genistoides, 428
a Menziesii, 428
- nigrum, 428
“ umbelliferum, 428
Solidago Californica, 345
s Canadensis, 845
v confertiflora, 344
« elongata, 345

INDEX.

Solidago gigantea 345
fF occidentalis, 345
“« spiciformis, 345
Sonchus asper, 374
Spartina foliosa, 487
r* gracilis, 487
stricta, var., 487
Specularia perfoliata, 376
Spergularia rubra, 247
Spheralcea acerifolia, 255
“ longisepala, 255
4 rivularis, 255
Spherostigma, 298
Spirea arizfolia, 286
« Aruncus, 286
“ — betulifolia, 286
“ — Douglasii, 286
“ Menziesii, 286
“ opulifolia, 285
“ — salicifolia, 286
“tomentosa, 286
Sporobolus cryptandrus, 484
ramulosus, 484
Stachys agraria, 409
“ — ajugoides, 408
Chamissonis, 408
°F palustris, 408
“« _ pycnostachya, 408
. sylvatica, 408
Statice Armeria, 388
“« — Californica, 388
* Limonium, 388
Stellaria borealis, 245
x crispa, 245
7 Jamesii, 245
‘ longipes, 245
ee longifolia, 245
oe nitens, 245
Stenotus, 347
Stephanomeria elata, 371

‘i heterophylla, 371
A minor, 371

‘ paniculata, 3871
sé runcinata, 371

‘ virgata, 371
Stipa capillata 483

Stipa comata, 483
* eminens, 482
“ hymenoides, 481
« juneea, 483
* ~~ membranacea, 481
* mucronata, 482
« Nuttalliana, 482
* occidentalis, 483
«parviflora, 482
“« setigera, 482
* spartea, 482
* viridula, 482
Streptanthus cordatus, 227
sa tortuosus, 227
Styracez, 386
Styrax Californicum, 386
Sueda dendroides, 439
“« fruticosa, 439
« maritima, 438
Symphoricarpus ciliatus, 328
mollis, 328
fe racemosus, 327
Synthyris rubra, 399
Syrmatium glabrum, 274
Talinum calycinum, 250
mm spinescens, 250
a teretifolium, 250
Tanacetum Huronense, 361
Tellima grandiflora, 311
Tetradymia canescens, 368
Tetranthera Californica, 451
Teucrium Canadense, 409
Thalictrum dioicum, var., 212
heterophyllum, 2138
€ occidentale, 213
Thaspium trifoliatum, 320
Thelypodium brachycarpum, 231
+ laciniatum, 231
i sagittatum, 231
Thermopsis fabacea, 282
e macrophylla, 282
ve montana, 282
Thlaspt alpestris, 233
“ cochleariforme, 233
" Fendleri, 233
Thysanocarpus curvipes, 234

INDEX.

Thysanocarpus oblongifolius, 234

Tiarella trifoliata, 312
Tillea angustifolia, 308
Tiquilia brevifolia, 410
Tolmizea Menziesii, 311
Townsendia strigosa, 344
Trautvetteria grandis, 218
Trichostema lanceolatum, 409
Trientalis Europea, 389

v2 latifolia, 889
| Trifolium altissimum, 270
- cyathiferum, 272
ne involucratum, 271
ff longipes, 271
megacephalum, 271

* microcephalum, 271
¥ paucifiorum, 272

ch plumosum, 271

7 spinulosum, 272

as tridentatum, 271

Trigonella Americana, 273
Trisetum cernuum, 488

“ subspicatum, 488
Triticum repens, 494
Trollius laxus, 215
Troximon aurantiacum, 373

cuspidatum, 372
. glaucum, 372
bs taraxicifolium, 372

Turritis ? lasiophylla, 231

“ —macrocarpa, 227

« patula, 227

« retrofracta, 228
Tussilago palmata, 336
Umbelliferee, 315
Uropappus, 370
Urticaces, 455
Urtica holosericea, 455

«* dioica, 455

Utricularia vulgaris, 391
Vaccinium cespitosum, 378

fe membranaceum, 377
ip myrtilloides, 377

ae ovatum, 377

¢ parvifolium, 377

. Pennsylvanicum, 378

129

513

aa
fs

514

Vaccinium uliginosum, 378
Valerianacez, 333
Valeriana capitata, 334.

a edulis, 333

‘ sylvatica, 334

Vancouveria hexandra, 219.

Verbenacex, 403
Verbena hastata, 403
“ bracteosa, 403
“ prostrata, 403
Veronica Americana, 399
me arvensis, 400
“ peregrina, 400
a scutellata, 399
“ serpyllifolia, 400
Vesicaria Ludoviciana, 232
Viburnum ellipticum, 329
n pauciflorum, 330
Vicia Americana, 266
“ gigantea, 266
“ — Oregana, 266
“ truncata, 266
Vilfa cryptandra, 484
“« ramulosa, 484
“ — Triniana, 484
Villarsia pumila, 432
Violaces, 237
Viola adunca, 238

INDEX.

Viola chrysantha, 238
“ eucullata, 237
“ glabella, 237
“ Hallii, 238
“ linguefolia, 237
« Nuttallii, 237
“ pedunculata, 237
“« premorsa, 237
“ rotundifolia, 23%
“ sarmentosa, 237
Viscum flavescens, 449
“« Reichenbachianum, 449
rf verticillatum, 449
“« —_ villosum, 450
Vitaces, 265
Vitis Californica, 265
“ Caribea, 265
Wigandia ? Californica, 421
Wyethia amplexicaulis, 351
“« angustifolia, 351
Xanthium echinatum, 351
te strumarium, 351
Xerobotrys cordifolius, 379
glaucus, 380
xs tomentosus, 379
ry venulosus, 380
Zauschneria Californica, 296
Zizia cordata, 320

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