Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. ♦ jZWfl9 USDA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service ARS-147 February 1 999 Wild Plants and Their Associated Insects in the Palearctic Region, Primarily Europe and the Middle East United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service ARS-147 February 1 999 Wild Plants and Their Associated Insects in the Palearctic Region, Primarily Europe and the Middle East Gaetano Campobasso, Enzo Colonnelli, Lloyd Knutson, Gianni Terragitti, and Massimo Cristofaro, Editors Campobasso and Terragitti are with the European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rome Substation Via Colle Trugli 9, 00132 Rome, Italy; Colonnelli is with the University of Rome, Via Nicolo’ Piccinino, 15, 00176 Rome, Italy; Knutson is with the European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II 34092 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; and Cristofaro is with the Centro Ricerche Energia Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060, Rome, Italy. Abstract Campobasso, G., E. Colonnelli, L. Knutson, G. Terragitti, and M. Cristofaro, eds. 1999. Wild Plants and Their Associated Insects in the Palearctic Region, Primarily Europe and the Middle East. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS-147, 249 pp. This book compiles information on palearctic insects that were collected or reared from 166 species of plants of Eurasian origin. The insect species are listed taxonomically and by host plant. The host plant list includes data on rearing, feeding, and other insect-plant associations. A third list includes parasites of the insect species. Information on the insects was obtained during the course of studies on biological control of weeds by staff of the Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory-Europe, Rome, Italy, and European Biological Control Laboratory, Montpellier, France, from 1959 through 1995. Included are the data presented by Pemberton and Hoover (1980) that treated insect species collected from 1959 to 1976. The book serves as an initial source of information to scientists involved in the biological control of weeds and should also be of interest to insect ecologists, plant ecologists, and insect taxonomists, among others. Keywords: biological control, insect-plant association, parasites, weeds. While supplies last, single copies of this publication may be obtained at no cost from Gaetano Campobasso, USDA-ARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Via Colie Trugli 9, 00132 Rome, Italy. Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161; telephone (703) 605-6000. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Issued February 1999 Contents Acknowledgments iv Introduction 1 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected 3 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them 127 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents 236 References 242 iii Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following persons associated with the European Biological Control Labora- tory from 1976 to 1995, who allowed us to use their specimens to prepare and publish the data that they collected: L.A. Andres, P.E. Boldt, G.R. Buckingham, S.L. Clement, P.H. Dunn, L. Fornasari, K.E. Frick, J. Kashefi, T. Mimmocchi, F. Murano, A.C. Pastorino, P. Pecora, R.W. Pemberton, E. Piattella, A. Rizza, S.S. Rosenthal, R. Sobhian, N.R. Spencer, and M. Stazi. We also thank all identifiers listed below for their invaluable help in naming plants and insects collected in about 40 years of field work. Insect Identifiers Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. Gagne, R.J. Quinlain, J. Zampetti, M. Anderson, D.M. Gauld, R.D. Riedl, T. Zwolfer, H. Anderson, W.H. Ghauri, M.S.K. Roudier, A. Arnett, R.H., Jr. Gordh, G.H. Sabrosky, C.W. Plant Identifiers Ashlock, P.D. Gordon, R.D. Sailer, R.I. Audisio, P.A. Grissell, E.E. Saufer, W. Andres, L.A. Baldizzone, G. Gurney, A.B. Sharkov, A.V. Anzalone, B. Batra, S.W.T. Hannemann, H.J. Shauff, M.E. Arrigoni, P.V. Bellamy, C.L. Henry, T.J. Shaw, S.R. Boldt, P.E. Biondi, M. Heppner, J. Smith, D.R. Buckingham, G.R. Bologna, M. Herring, J.D. Solis, A. Campobasso, G. Boucek, Z. Hodges, R.W. Southgate, B.J. Cesca, G. Bradley, J.D. Holloway, J.D. Spangler, P.J. Cristofaro, M. Burks, B.D. Holzschuh, C. Spatenka, K. Dunn, P.H. Byers, G.W. Huddleston, D. Spencer, K.A. Fornasari, L. Capps, H.W. Hurd, P.D. Spilman, T.J. Frick, K.E. Carl, T.M. Kingsolver, J.M. Steyskal, G.C. Kazmi, S.M.A. Cartwright, E.A. Knutson, L.V. Stoetzel, M.B. Pecora, P. Chapin, E.A. Kramer, J.P. Stone, A. Pemberton, R.W. Colonnelli, E. Kiihnel, C. Subba Rao, B.R. Perkins, D.R. Connell, W.A. Leonardi, C. Thompson, F.C. Rizza, A. Cox, M.L. Madge, R.B. Thompson, R.T. Rosenthal, S.R. Daccordi, M. Marsh, P.M. Todd, E.L. Sobhian, R. Davis, D.L. Mathis, W.N. Vazirani, T.G. Spencer, N.R. Diller, E. Menke, A.S. Vogt, G.B. Stazi, M. Duckworth, W.D. Mohr, K.H. Von Hayek, C.M.F. Duffy, E.A.G. Musebeck, C.F.W. Warner, R.E. Eichlin, T.D. Nelson, H.G. Weld, L.H. Ferguson, W.H. Nixon, G.E.J. Werner, F. Field, W.D. Norrbom, A.L. White, I.M. Flint, O.S. Pemberton, R.W. White, R.E. Foote, R.H. Pericart, J. Whitehead, D.R. Frick, R.E. Peters, W.L. Wilder, W. Froschner, R.C. Pont, A.C. Wirth, W.W. Fiirsch, H. Poole, R.W. Woodley, N.E. IV Introduction Researchers at the USDA-ARS laboratories in Rome, Italy, Thessaloniki, Greece, and Montpellier, France have gathered a wealth of information on insects associated with plants in their research on the natural enemies of weeds that have immigrated to the United States from Eurasia. Only a small part of these data is pub- lished in papers on the major weed targets, and unless provided in a compilation, the data would be available only by reference to the research collections. This publication lists the records of insects associ- ated with plants from Pemberton and Hoover (1980). The list also contains insect species associated with 166 plant species in 66 genera. Although the majority of the insects were col- lected in Italy, some material was collected in Austria, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, France, Ger- many, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, the former USSR, Uzbekistan, and the former Yugoslavia. The majority of insect and plant specimens are preserved in the collection of the European Bio- logical Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, in Montpellier, France, Rome, Italy, and Thessaloniki, Greece. Voucher specimens are also deposited in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. The data are arranged in three tables: table 1 — plants and associated insects, table 2 — a taxo- nomic list of insects and associated plants, and table 3 — a list of parasites obtained in the labora- tory. Tables 1 and 2 are comparable with tables 1 and 2 in Pemberton and Hoover (1980). We use essentially the same descriptors for the types of associations as they did. Pemberton and Hoover did not define their descriptors, but our defini- tions, which follow, can also be applied to theirs. The levels of insect association are listed as reared, feeding, ex plant (or stem, root, and so on), and on plant in order of decreasing intimate association. In table 1, the type of association between an insect and plant is given at its highest level. A question mark following a genus or a species means that the identification of the taxon is uncertain, so the identifier labeled it as “near” or “possibly” a certain species. In keeping with suggestions from the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1989) “Genus sp.,” Genus A sp. A,” and so on are used for unknown species. We took information from labels, and therefore cannot specify if a taxon with names such as “Carduus sp.,” “Stenus sp.,” or the like refers to a single species or more than one species. We provided direct quotes of such information since plant and insect samples of unidentified species are available to anyone willing to identify them. Nomenclature was updated according to the following publications: Abbazzi et al. 1995, Alonso-Zarazaga 1989, 1990, Biondi et al. 1995, Comba and Comba 1991, Dostal 1989a, b, Jelmek 1993, Pagliano and Scaramozzino 1990, Pantaleoni 1988, Pignatti 1982a, b,c, Prola et al. 1978a, b, Prola and Beer 1991, Sama 1995, Tamanini 1989, Trematerra 1992. l Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Abutilon theophrasti Medicus (Malvaceae) Crocidosema plebejana (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Dicyphus errans (Wolff) (Hemiptera Miridae) ex plant Italy Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera Tachinidae) on plant Greece Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Sarcophaga sp. (Diptera Sarcophagidae) reared Greece Amaranthus sp. (Amaranthaceae) Kalkapion semivittatum (Gyllenhal) reared Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Anchusa sp. (Boraginaceae) Stephanocleonus nigrosuturatus (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae) Hylemya cinerella (Fallen) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylemya radicum (L.) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant France Antirrhinum siculum Miller (Scrophulariaceae) Gymnetron netum (Germar) ex flower Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Antirrhinum sp. (Scrophulariaceae) Eteobalea beata Walsingham reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterigydae) Arctium minus (Hill.) Bernh. (Asteraceae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Atriplex halimus L. (Chenopodiaceae) Lissobaris sp (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Egypt 3 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Boreava sp. (Brassicaceae) Certallum ebulinum (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Phyllotreta sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant on plant Turkey Turkey Cachris ferulacea (L.) Calest. (Apiaceae) Lixus furcatus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Calistegia saepium (L.) R. Br.) (Convolvulaceae) Altica oleracea ? (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) on plant on plant Italy Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. (Brassicaceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) on plant Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Acanthorellia cineraria (Loew) on plant Turkey (Diptera Helomyzidae) Aedes sp. (Diptera Culicidae) on plant Turkey Aelia rostrata (Boheman) on plant Greece (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Agapanthia cardui (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Allotrichoma sp. (Diptera Ephydridae) on plant Greece, Turkey Alosimus armeniacus (Faldermann) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Meloidae) Alosimus syriacus (L.) (Coleoptera Meloidae) on plant Iraq Altica brevicollis ? Foudras on plant Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Amphicoma sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Turkey Amphicoma vulpes (F.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Turkey Andrena sp. (Flymenoptera Andrenidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Italy, Anomala sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Turkey Turkey Anthrenus pimpinellae F. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Iran, Turkey Anthrenus scrophulariae (L.) on plant Greece, Iran, Turkey (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Anthrenus verbasci (L.) (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Italy, Turkey 4 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Apanteles emarginatus (Nees) on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Apanteles sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Apanteles sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Turkey Aphidius sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) on plant Turkey Aphthona sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Turkey Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Turkey Aprostocetus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Aspidolopha ? sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Iraq Athalia rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) feeding Italy Attagenus fasciatus (Olivier) on plant Iran (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Axinotarsus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Bibio hortulanus (L.) (Diptera Bibionidae) on plant Turkey Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Greece Bruchidius bimaculatus ? (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius gilvus (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius imbricornis ? (Panzer) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius mordelloides (Baudi) on plant Turkey (Collembola Bruchidae) Bruchidius nudus (Allard) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Bruchidius nudus ? (Allard) on plant Iran, Italy, Greece (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius quinqueguttatus (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Iran, Italy, Turkey Bruchus ervi Frolich (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Turkey Bruchus lends Frolich (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Turkey Bruchus pisorum (L.) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Turkey Bruchus rufimanus Boheman on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchus rufipes Herbst (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Turkey Calamobius filum (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Calliopum aeneum (Fallen) (Diptera Lauxanidae) on plant Iran, Turkey Calocoris sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Italy Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera Formicidae) on plant Turkey Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Cantharis sp. 1 (Coleoptera Cantharidae) Cantharis sp. 2 (Coleoptera Cantharidae) Cantharis sp. 3 (Coleoptera Cantharidae) Cardiophorus discicollis ? (Herbst) (Coleoptera Elateridae) Cardiophorus rufipes ? (Goeze) (Coleoptera Elateridae) Cardiophorus sp. (Coleoptera Elateridae) Carpocoris purpureipennis (De Geer) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cataglyphis hicolor (F.) (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Cephus pygmaeus (L.) (Hymenoptera Cephidae) Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) (Homoptera Cercopidae) Cerocoma rapilyi ? Pardo (Coleoptera Meloidae) Certallum sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Cetonia aurata (L.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Paykull) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus contractus, (Marsham) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chaetocnema conducta ? Motschulsky (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chaetocnema sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Cicadella viridis (L.) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Circulifer opacipennis (Lethierry) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Clytus arietis (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (L.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Colaphellus noefti Menetries (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Colaphellus sophiae (Schaller) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant reared on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant feeding on plant Country where collected Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Greece Iraq, Turkey Greece, Turkey Turkey Iran, Turkey Turkey Iran Turkey Turkey Italy Italy Iran Turkey Greece Turkey Italy Turkey Italy Turkey Greece, Turkey Iraq, Iran Turkey 6 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Coptomyza equina Fallen on plant Turkey (Diptera Sphaerocephalidae) Cricotopus sp. (Diptera Chironomidae) on plant Turkey Cryptophagus sp. (Coleoptera Cryptophagidae) on plant Turkey Cteniopus sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Iraq Dacnusa sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Italy Danacaea sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Dasytes sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Diadegma sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Iran Diaeretiella sp. (Hymenoptera Aphididae) on plant Italy, Turkey Dictyophara sp (Homoptera Dictyopharidae) on plant Italy Diospi/us oleraceus Haliday reared Italy (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Diplazon laetatorius (F.) on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Dorycera hybrida Loew (Diptera Otitidae) on plant Iran, Turkey Emmelia trabealis (Scopoli) reared Turkey (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Entedon sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Turkey Entomognathus sp. (Hymenoptera Sphecidae) on plant Turkey Entomoscelis adonidis ? (L.) on plant Iraq (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Eupelix cuspidata (F.) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Turkey Eurydema oleraceum (L.) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurydema sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant ? Eurydema ventrale Kolenati on plant Greece, Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) on plant Turkey Euscelis sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Greece Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) on plant Iran (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Forficida auricularia L. (Dermaptera Forficulidae) on plant Italy Galeruca daurica ? Joannisiani on plant Iran (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) on plant Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Greece, Iran Genus sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Diptera Bibionidae) on plant Greece Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Genus sp. (Diptera Chironomidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Diptera Dolichopodidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Neuroptera Chrysopidae) on plant Iran, Iraq, Turkey Genus sp. (Orthoptera Acridiidae) on plant Turkey Gonia sp (Diptera Tachinidae) on plant Turkey Gonocephalum pusilliim (F.) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) Gymnetron sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Habrocytus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) on plant Greece, Iran Halictus sp. (Hymenoptera Halictidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Turkey Hedichridinm sp. (Hymenoptera Chrysididae) on plant Turkey Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) on plant Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Hydrellia sp. (Diptera Ephydridae) on plant Greece, Turkey Hylemya cinerella (Fallen) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Greece, Turkey Hylemya platura (Meigen) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Iran, Turkey Hylemya sp (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Turkey Hylemya variata (Fallen) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Turkey Leptocera sp. (Diptera Sphaerocephalidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Turkey Lepyronia coleoptrata (L.) on plant Turkey (Homoptera Cercopidae) Leucopis sp. (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) on plant Italy, Turkey Linomyza sp. (Diptera Agromyzidae) on plant Iran Lonchoptera fuscata Fallen on plant Turkey (Diptera Lonchopteridae) Longitarsus suturellus ? (Duftschmid) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Malachius sp (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Turkey, Iran Malthinus sp. 1 (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Turkey Malthinus sp 2 (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Turkey Melieria cana Loew (Diptera Otitidae) on plant Iran Meligethes aeneus (F.) (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Greece, Turkey Meligethes corvimis Erichson on plant Iran (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Meligethes hypocrita ? Bri stowe on plant Iran (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Meligethes nigrescens Stephens on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Meligethes planiusculus ? Heer on plant Iran, Turkey (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) 8 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Meligethes rotundicollis Brisout on plant Greece (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Greece, Turkey Melyris ? sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Syria Meoneura lacteipennis (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Milichiidae) Microgaster sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Turkey Micropeza nigra Loew (Diptera Micropezidae) on plant Iran Mordellistena sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) on plant Greece, Italy, Turkey Nabis sp. (Hemiptera Nabidae) on plant Turkey Necremtms sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Nemotelus sp. (Diptera Stratiomyidae) on plant Iran Nephrotoma maculata (Meigen) feeding Turkey (Diptera Tipulidae) Nomada sp. (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Turkey Notiphila cinerea Fallen (Diptera Ephydridae) on plant Turkey Nysius ericae (Schilling) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Iran Oenas tenuicornis Abeille (Coleoptera Meloidae) on plant Turkey Olibrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Turkey Omalns punctulatus ? Dahlbom on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Chrysididae) Omophlus flavipennis ? Kiister on plant Syria, Turkey (Coleoptera Alleculidae) Omophlus syriacus Mulsant on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Alleculidae) Opius sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Turkey Onus niger Wolff (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) on plant Iran Ormyrus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) on plant Turkey Oronotus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Greece, Italy Orthochile sp. (Diptera Dolichopodidae) on plant Italy Oscinella frit ? (L.) (Diptera Chloropidae) on plant Greece Osmia sp. (Hymenoptera Megachilidae) on plant Turkey Otites caph Loew (Diptera Otitidae) on plant Turkey Otites lamed Schrank (Diptera Otitidae) on plant Greece Oulema melanopus (L.) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Oxytelus sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Greece, Turkey Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum) on plant Greece, Turkey (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Phalacrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Greece, Italy, Turkey Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Philaenus spumarius (L .) on plant Greece, Italy (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phygadeuon sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Turkey Phyllotreta sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Italy, Turkey Phyllotreta striolata ? (F.) on plant Greece, Iran (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Phyllotreta imdulata ? Kutschera on plant Iran, Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Phytomyza hordeola Goureau reared Greece, Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Pieris sp. (Lepidoptera Pieridae) on plant Italy Piophila sp. (Diptera Piophilidae) on plant Turkey Platystoma nigriventre Haliday on plant Turkey (Diptera Platystomatidae) Plutella maculipennis Curtis on plant Israel, Italy, Turkey (Lepidoptera Plutellidae) Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera Plutellidae) on plant Iran, Syria, Turkey Podonta nigrita (F.) (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Turkey Podonta sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Iraq Poecdimon ? sp. (Orthoptera Acridiidae) on plant Turkey Polydrusus tibialis Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Proctotrupes sp. (Hymenoptera Proctotrupidae) on plant Turkey Psammotettix majusculus Linnavuori on plant Iran (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Pseudocloeon sp (Ephemeroptera Baetidae) on plant Turkey Psilothrix sp (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Greece, Italy Psylliodes sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Iran Psyllobora vigindduomaculata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Pteromalus puparum (L.) on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Pteromalus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) on plant Greece, Iran Rhagonycha sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Greece Rhizarcha sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Sapromyza transcaucasica Caernu on plant Turkey (Diptera Lauxanidae) Scatella paludum Meigen (Diptera Ephydridae) on plant Iran 10 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Scatomyza pallida (Zettersted) on plant Iran, Turkey (Diptera Drosophilidae) Scatomyza sp. (Diptera Drosophilidae) on plant Turkey Scatophaga ster cor aria (L.) on plant Greece, Iran, Turkey (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Scymnus apetzi Mulsant (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus interruptus (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Scymnus sp. 1 (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus sp. 2 (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy, Turkey Scymnus sp. 3 (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Turkey Sepsis fulgens Meigen (Diptera Sepsidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Italy, Turkey Sepsis horticola Goureau (Diptera Sepsidae) on plant Italy Sepsis punctum (F.) (Diptera Sepsidae) on plant Turkey Sepsis violacea Meigen (Diptera Sepsidae) on plant Greece, Iran, Turkey Sibinia sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Iran Sphaerophoria rueppelli (Wiedemann) on plant Italy (Diptera Syrphidae) Tapinoma sp. (Hymenoptera Formicidae) on plant Iran Tephrochlamys rufiventris (Meigen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Helomyzidae) Tethina incisuralis (Mayr) (Diptera Tethynidae) on plant Turkey Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Chloropidae) Thaumatomyia sulci from (Becker) on plant Iran (Diptera Chloropidae) Thrypticus sp. (Diptera Dolichopodidae) on plant Italy Triaspis sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Turkey Trichodes sp. (Coleoptera Cleridae) on plant Italy, Turkey Trixoscelis frontalis (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Trixoscelidae) Trixoscelis obscurella (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Trixoscelidae) Tropmota hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Turkey Trupanea stellata (Fuessly) (Diptera Tephritidae) on plant Iran Valgus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Greece, Turkey Zophomya temula (Scopoli) (Diptera Tachinidae) on plant Turkey 11 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Carduus acanthoides L. (Asteraceae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) reared Germany, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Apionidae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Apionidae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Bulgaria, Germany Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Bulgaria, Germany, Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Yugoslavia Bulgaria Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) ex dry head Germany Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) reared Bulgaria, Germany (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Tingis ampliata ? Herrich-Schaffer on plant Germany (Hemiptera Tingidae) Tingis cardui (L.) (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant Germany Carduus candicans W. & K. (Asteraceae) Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex head Greece Carduus chrysacanthus Ten. (Asteraceae) Larinus flavescens Germar on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Yugoslavia Carduus collinus L. (Asteraceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex head Italy Eurytoma tibialis Boheman ex plant Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Genus sp ( Hymenoptera Torymidae) ex plant Italy Sitona puncticollis Stephens ex dry head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona verecundus (Rossi) ex dry head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 12 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Carduus edelbergii Rech. (Asteraceae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) feeding Pakistan (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cochylis hybridella ? Htibner reared Pakistan (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Hyper a postica (Gyllenhal) on plant Palistan (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Leptomias stoliczkae Faust on plant Pakistan (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Pakistan Melanagromyza cirsii (Rondani) reared Pakistan (Diptera Agromyzidae) Oxythyrea sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Pakistan Phycitodes binaevella ? (Htibner) reared Pakistan (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Plusia nigrisigna Walker (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) feeding Pakistan Porphyrinia parva (Htibner) reared Pakistan (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Tephritis heiseri Frauenfeld (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Pakistan Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) feeding Pakistan Carduus litigiosus Nocca & Balb. (Asteraceae) Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.) on plant France (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Carduus macrocephalus Desf. (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletiamis (Germar) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) on plant France, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Adscita globidariae Htibner feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Zygaenidae) Agapanthia cardui (L.) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) on plant France (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Agonopteryx subpropinquella Staudinger feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) Alophus nictitans singular is Jacquelin DuVal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex dry head Italy Apanteles phaloniae Wilkinson ex stem Italy (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Aphodius sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Apion frumentarium (L.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Italy Attelabus nitens Scopoli (Coleoptera Attelabidae) on plant Italy Autographa gamma (L ) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) feeding Italy Baris coerulescens (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bruchidius nudus (Allard) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) ex head Yugoslavia Calamobius filum (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Calathus mollis (Stroem) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Cantharis sp (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant France Capnodis sp (Coleoptera Buprestidae) on plant Italy Cassida margaritaceae Schaller on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Cassida vibex L (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant France Cassida viridis L. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cheilosia corydon (Harris) (Diptera Syrphidae) reared Italy Chrysolina sp (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Chrysolma vernalis (Brulle) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cionus olens (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coccinella septempunctata L on plant France (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Colaphus ? sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Ctenichneumon sp. ex dry head Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) 14 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Diadegma fenestralis (Holmgren) ex stem Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex dry head Italy Dorms crinitus (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Donus philanthus (Olivier) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Donus salviae (Schrank) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Entedon sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) ex dry head Italy Epiblema scutulana Denis & Schiffermuller reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Eristalis tenax (L.) (Diptera Syrphidae) reared Italy Eurytoma robusta Mayr ex head France (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex dry head Italy Eurytoma tibialis Boheman ex head France (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Forficida auricularia L. (Dermaptera Forficulidae) on plant Italy Gastrophysa po/ygoni (L.) on plant Italy (Coleptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy, Yugoslavia Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant France, Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Hydrophilidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Asilidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plan Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Homoptera Membracidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex larva France, Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) ex dry head Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex dry head Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex dry head Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex dry head Italy Gymnetron sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera arator (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Hypera fuscocinerea (Marsham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera nigrirostris (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera striata (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus flavescens Germar on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Italy, Yugoslavia Larinus sturnus (Schaller) ex dry head France, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Italy, Yugoslavia Lixomorphus algirus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus anguinus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lixus angustatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding France, Italy Lixus junci Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lyciella sp (Diptera Lauxanidae) on plant France Mecaspis caesus (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Miarus sp (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Microplontus subfasciatus (Chevrolat) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Mogulones beckeri (Schultze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Mogulones javetii (Gerhardt) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Napomyza lateralis (Fallen) reared Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Netocia morio (F.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) feeding Italy Oberea sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Italy Olibrus bisignatus Menetries on plant France (Coleoptera Phalacridae) Olibrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) ex dry head France, Italy Otiorhynchus scaberrimus Stierlin on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 16 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Otiorhynchus singular is (F.) ex dry head Switzerland (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Oulema melanopus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Pachycerus cordiger (Germar) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pachytychius sparsutus (Olivier) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pegomya terebrans (Rondani) reared Italy (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Phycitodes binaevella (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Pissodes notatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Porphyrinia ostrina (Hiibner) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermiiller) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Pristomerus vulnerator (Panzer) ex stem Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Pseudotorymus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) ex dry head Yugoslavia Psila sardoa Rondani (Diptera Psilidae) reared Italy Psilothrix sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Psylliodes chalcomera (Illiger) reared Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) reared France, Germany, Italy, (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rhytideres plicatus (Olivier) on plant Yugoslavia Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona gemellatus Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona gressorius (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona humeralis Stephens on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona intermedius Ktister on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 17 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona limosus (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona macnlarius (Marsham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona ophthalmicus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona puberulus Reitter on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona sulcifrons (Thunberg) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona verecundus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sphaeroderma sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trachyph/oeus laticollis Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ty chins quinquepunctatus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Urophora solstitialis (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Urophora sty lata (F.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) reared Italy Xyphosia mi Haris ? (Schrank) on plant Yugoslavia (Diptera Tephritidae) Xyphosia sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Yugoslavia Carduus medius Govan (Asteraceae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex dry head Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex dry head Italy Psilothrix sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Urophora solstitialis (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Carduus micropterus (Borb.) Teyben. (Asteraceae) Lannus sturnus (Schaller) ex dry head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Italy 18 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Urophora sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Carduus nutans L. (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletianus (Germar) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) reared Germany, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanthi ophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Adscita globidariae Hiibner on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Zygaenidae) Aelia sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Agapanthia cardui (L.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) reared Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agonopteryx subpropinquella Staudinger reared Italy (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) Agrypnus murinus (L.) (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Italy Alophus nictitans singu laris Jacquelin DuVal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex larva Italy Aphodins sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Apis mellifera L. (Flymenoptera Apidae) on plant Italy Berginus sp. (Coleoptera Mycetophagidae) ex dry stem Italy Bigonicheta spinipennis (Meigen) ex dry stem Italy (Diptera Tachinidae) Blattaria sp. (Dictyophara Blattellidae) on plant Italy Bombus lucornm L. (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Italy Bombus senilis Smith (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Italy Bombus silvarum (F.) (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Italy Brachinus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera Chalcididae) ex pupa Italy Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex plant France, Italy Bradysia sp. (Diptera Sciaridae) on plant Italy Bruchidius nudus (Allard) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) ex head Italy Bruchus pisorum (L.) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Calathus fuscipes (Olivier) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Calathus mollis (Stroem) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Calophasia lunula (Hufnagel) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Calosota sp. (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) ex pupa Italy Campoletis sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex flower Italy Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Italy Cardiophorus sp. (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Italy Carpocoris purpureipennis (De Geer) feeding Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cassida margaritaceae Schaller on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida rubiginosa ? O F. Muller on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida sp (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Catapion curtulum (Desbrochers) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Catapion seniculus (Kirby) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) reared Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cercopidae) Cetonia aurata (L.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chaetorellia jaceae Robineau-Besvoidy reared Italy (Dipt era Tephritidae) Cheilosia corydon (Harris) (Diptera Syrphidae) reared Italy Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex head Italy Chironomus sp. (Diptera Chironomidae) on plant Italy Chloropus concolor ? (F.) (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Chorthippus dorsatus (Zettersted) on plant Italy (Orthoptera Acridiidae) Chrysolina affinis ? (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina haemoptera (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) 20 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Chrysolina hyperici (Forster) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina lepida (Olivier) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina menthastri (Suffrian) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina vernalis (Brulle) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cicadella viridis (L.) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Cionus thapsus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coccinella septempunctata L. on plant France, Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Cochylis posterana (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Colaphus ? sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Crepidodera transversa ? (Marsham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ctenichneumon sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex pupa Italy Cycloderes canescens (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Demetrias atricapillus (L.) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Dermestes sp. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Italy Diaclispa testacea (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Diospylus oleraceus Haliday ex larva Italy (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Divales bipustulatus (F.) (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Dolycoris baccaram (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Donns crinitus (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bonus philanthus (Olivier) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Donus salviae (Schrank) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Dorcadion sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Italy Ectobius pallidus (Olivier) on plant Italy (Dictyophara Blattellidae) Enicopus pi/osus (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Entedon sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schiffermtiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Eristalis arbustorum (L.) (Diptera Syrphidae) reared ? Eucosma cana Hawkins (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared Italy Eucosma sp (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared Italy Enrydema sp (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Eurydema ventrale Kolenati on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex dry head France, Italy, Turkey Eurytoma tibialis Boheman ex head France, Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Euscelis sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Eutanyacra ? sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex flower Italy Exeristes rob or at or (F.) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Exochomus bipustulatus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera Forficulidae) on plant Italy Galeruca sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Galeruca tanaceti (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Galerucella luteola (Muller) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gehs sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Otitidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex plant France, Italy, Turkey Genus sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Hymenoptera Eumenidae) on plant Italy 22 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex dry head France, Italy, Turkey Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex plant Italy Genus A sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex head France Genus B sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex egg Italy Geomyza tripunctata Fallen on plant Italy (Diptera Opomyzidae) Goniagnathus brevis (Herrich- Schaeffer) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Gortina flavago (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Gryllus sp. (Orthoptera Gryllidae) on plant Italy Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Halictus scabiosae (Rossi) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Halictidae) Harpalus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Heliophilus trivittatus (F.) (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Italy Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Holotrichapion pisi (F.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Italy Homoeosoma nebidella (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Hyper a meles (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Hyper a nigrirostris (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera zoilus (Scopoli) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ichneumon sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex flower Italy Lagria hirta (L.) (Coleoptera Lagriidae) on plant Italy Larinus cynarae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Larinus inaequalicollis Capiomont on plant Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared France, Italy, Greece, Turkey Larinus latus (Herbst) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Turkey Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant France, Italy Larinus sturnus (Schaller) reared Italy, Greece, Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus ursus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy 23 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Lasioderma baudii Schilsky reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma obscurum ? Sol sky reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Italy Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Italy Lasioglossum xanthopus (Kirby) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Halictidae) Lixomorphus algirus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus albomarginatus Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus anguinus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lixus angustatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared France, Italy Lixus myagri (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Longitarsus jacobaeae ? (Waterhouse) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Magdalis frontalis (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Malachius sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Mamestra brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Mecaspis alternans (Herbst) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Megaselia sp. (Diptera Phoridae) on plant Italy Megasternum obscurum (Mar sham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Hydrophilidae) Me/anargia ga/athea (L.) (Lepidoptera Satyridae) feeding Italy Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Italy Melitaea cynthia (L.) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) feeding Italy Metabletus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Microplontus subfasciatus (Chevrolat) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Mogulones beckeri (Schultze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Mogulones javetii (Gerhardt) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Mordellistena episternalis ? Mulsant on plant Italy (Coleoptera Mordellidae) Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera Muscidae) on plant Italy 24 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Myelois cribrella (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Netocia morio (F.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli) (Orthoptera Gryllidae) on plant Italy Oedemera nobilis L. (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) on plant Italy Olibrus bisigriatus Menetries (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant France, Italy Olibrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Italy Oligomerus ptilinoides (Wollaston) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) on plant Italy Oscinella frit ? (L.) (Diptera Chloropidae) on plant Italy Otiorhynchus anthracimis (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Otiorhynchus armatus Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex plant Germany Otiorhynchus scaberrimus Stierlin (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Oxythyrea funesta (Poda) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Paragus quadrifasciatus (Meigen) (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Italy Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera Cercopidae) on plant Italy Phycitodes binaevella (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Phyllobius etruscus Desbrochers (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Phyllobius subdentatus Bach (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Platystoma gemmationis (Rondani) (Diptera Platystomatidae) on plant Italy Podagrica malvae (Illiger) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Pollenia rudis (F.) (Diptera Calliphoridae) on plant Italy Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) (Diptera Chloropidae) reared Italy 25 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Porphyrinia porphyrina (Denis & Schiffermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermtiller) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Propy/ea quatnordecimpunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Pseudoprotapion astragali (Paykull) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Pseudotorymus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) ex dry head France, Switzerland Psilothrix sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Psylliodes chalcomera (Illiger) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Psyllobora vigintiduomaculata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Pyrausta sp (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared France, Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyl/us conicus (Frolich) reared France, Greece, Italy, (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Russia Rhizobius litura (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Sepsis sp (Diptera Sepsidae) on plant Italy Sibinia atta/ica Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Silpha sp. (Coleoptera Silphidae) on plant Italy Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona gressorius (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona intermedins Kuster on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona limosus (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona macular ius (Mar sham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona ophthalmicus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona puberulus Reitter on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona puncticollis Stephens on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 26 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country when collected Si tophi lus oryzae (L.) ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Rhynchophoridae) Solenaspis sp. (Hymenoptera Formicidae) on plant Italy Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells) reared Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Sphaeroderma testaceum (L.) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Sphaerophoria rueppelli (Wiedemann) reared Italy (Diptera Syrphidae) Stephanocleomis mgrosuturatus (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Strophomorphus porcellus (Schonherr) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Syrphoctomis flavolineatus (Gravenhorst) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Tephritis sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) on plant Italy Terellia serratidae (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Thorectes intermedius (Costa) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Tingis cardai (L.) (Hemiptera Tingidae) feeding Germany, Italy Tingis sp (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant Italy Trachyphloeus laticollis Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Tropinota hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Tropinota squalida (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Urophora qaadrifasciata (Meigen) reared Turkey (Diptera Tephritidae) Urophora solstitialis (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Urophora sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) on plant Italy Urophora sty lata (F.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared France, Italy Urophora sybinata (Rondani) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Valgus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) reared Italy Xy/ocopa violacea (L.) (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Italy 27 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Xyphosia mi/iaris ? (Schrank) reared Italy (Dipt era Tephritidae) Carduus personatus (L.) Jacq. (Asteraceae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Austria Carduus pycnocephalus L. (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletiamis (Germar) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) reared France (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Agapanthia car did (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia villosoviridescens (De Geer) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agonopteryx sp. (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) reared Greece Baris timida (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Bracon sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex larva France, Italy Bracon sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex larva Italy Bracon sp. 3 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex larva Italy Bracon sp. 4 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) ex plant Italy Bruchus rufipes Herbst (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Calosota matritensis ? Bolivar & Pieltain ex plant Italy (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) Calosota sp. (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) ex plant Italy Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Italy Cardiophorus sp (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Italy Cassida rubiginosa ? O F. Muller reared Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida vibex L. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared Italy Cassida viridis L. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) reared France, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cercopidae) 28 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chloromyia formosa (L.) (Diptera Stratiomyidae) Chrysolina grossa (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) donas hortulanas (Fourcroy) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cryptocephalus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Dendrocerus sp. (Hymenoptera Ceraphronidae) Donus salviae (Schrank) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Eurydema sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma robusta Mayr (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma tibialis Boheman (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Galerucella luteola (O F. Muller) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus A sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Genus B sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Genus C sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Genus A sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Genus B sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Genus C sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hyponepheles sp. (Lepidoptera Satyridae) Lamprotatus splendens Westwood (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Larinus cynarae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant on plant ex pupa on plant on plant ex head ex head ex head on plant on plant on plant on plant ex larva ex plant ex aphid ex head ex larva ex larva ex plant ex pupa on plant on plant ex leaves on plant ex head Country where collected Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy France Italy Italy Italy Italy France France Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Greece Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared France, Italy Larinus slurnus (Schaller) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma baudii Schilsky reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasiommata megera (L.) (Lepidoptera Satyridae) feeding Italy Lixus angustatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lixus cardui (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared France, Italy Lixus junci Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Longi tarsus pi ci corn is ? Weise on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Lydus trimaculatus italicus Kaszab ex dry head Italy (Coleoptera Meloidae) Mogulones javetii (Gerhardt) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Oxythyrea funesta (Poda) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Philaenus spumarius (L.) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phycitodes binaevella (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Podonta nigrita (F.) (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Italy Pollenia rudis (F.) (Diptera Calliphoridae) on plant Italy Pseudotorymus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) ex head Italy Psilothrix sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Psylliodes cha/comera (Illiger) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared France, Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rhizobius litura (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex plant Italy Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Rhynchophoridae) Tingis ampliata ? Herrich- Schaffer feeding France, Italy (Hemiptera Tingidae) Tingis cardui (L.) (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant France, Italy 30 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Tnchosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trichosteresis glabra (Boheman) (Hymenoptera Megaspilidae) Tropinota hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Tropinota squalida (F.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) feeding ex pupa on plant on plant Italy Italy Italy Italy Carduus sp. (Asteracee) Asaphes vulgaris (Walker) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Cassida rubiginosa ? O F. Muller (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Cheilosia cynocephala Loew (Diptera Syrphidae) Genus sp (Diptera Tephritidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Otiorhynchus singular is (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phyllobius maculicornis Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen) (Diptera Tachinidae) Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermiiller) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Rhinocy llus coni cus (Frolich) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rhinocy llus oblongus Capiomont (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Voria ruralis (Fallen) (Diptera Tachinidae) Zeitxia nigripes (Meigen) (Diptera Tachinidae) ex larva Italy on plant Turkey reared Italy feeding Russia reared France, Italy, Yugoslavia ex larva Italy reared Italy, Yugoslavia ex head Greece reared Italy on plant Switzerland on plant Italy ex stem gall Italy feeding Italy reared Italy, Greece ? ? ex root Italy ex stem Italy Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis (Asteraceae) Agapanthia cardui (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Italy Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) reared Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Cochylis posterana (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Elachertus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Galeraca tanaceti (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Gymnetron bipastalatum (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma baudii Schilsky (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lixus junci Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Norbamis meridionalis (Masi) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Tingis cardui (L.) (Hemiptera Tingidae) Carduus thoermeri Weinm. (Asteraceae) Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Carpocoris mediterraneas Tamanini (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Chaetore/lia jaceae Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera Tephritidae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coriomeris scabricornis (Panzer) (Hemiptera Coreidae) Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Eurydema ventrale Kolenati (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma sp (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Larinas jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinas latas (Herbst) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinas turbinatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma obscurum ? Solsky (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Type of association Country where collected reared Italy on plant Italy ex larva Italy on plant Italy ex plant Italy on plant Italy reared Italy reared Italy on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Italy on plant Turkey on plant Greece on plant Italy on plant Turkey on plant Turkey reared Italy on plant Greece ex dry head Austria, Yugoslavia ex dry head Bulgaria, Greece, Russia, Yugoslavia on plant Bulgaria on plant Bulgaria reared Russia 32 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Yugoslavia, Greece. Lixus cardui (Olivier) on plant Russia Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus filiformis (F. ) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Bulgaria, Turkey Mylabris variabilis (Pallas) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Meloidae) Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Porphyrinia porphyrina (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Russia (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) reared Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Scymnus frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Russia Stevenia sp. (Diptera Rhinophoridae) on plant Turkey Tephritis sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Russia Ter e Ilia serratulae (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) on plant ? Tingis sp. (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant Yugoslavia Tropinota sqnalida (Scopoli) on plant Bulgaria (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Urophora solstitialis (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Urophora sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Russia Carduus tmoleus Boiss. ssp. armatus (Boiss & Heldr.) Franco (Asteraceae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Larinus minutus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Carduus uncinatus Bieb. (Asteraceae) Tephritis sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Russia Urophora sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Russia Carduus vivariensis Jordan (Asteraceae) Cochylis posterana (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex dry head Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex dry head Italy Harpalas sp (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Larinas jaceae (F ) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Italy Norbanus meridionalis (Masi) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Urophora solstitialis (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Carlina corymbosa L. (Asteraceae) Genus sp (Coleoptera Buprestidae) feeding Greece Larinas carinirostris Gyllenhal ex head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinas jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex head Greece Larinas sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Greece Larinus ursas (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Lixus cardai (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Greece Sitona verecandas (Rossi) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trichosirocalas urens (Gyllenhal) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Carlina lanata L. (Asteraceae) Larinas arsas (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Carlina vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) Larinas brevis (Herbst) reared Austria, Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinas arsas (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Carthamus dentatus (Forsk.) Val. (Asteraceae) Bangasternus planifrons (Brulle) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Diplapion stolidam (Germar) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Larinas rusticanus Gyllenhal ex head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 34 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Larinus syriacus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Carthamus lanatus L. (Asteraceae) ex head Greece Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) (Coleoptera Apionidae) ex head Greece Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Bangasterrms planifrons (Brulle) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Ceratapion scalp turn (Mulsant & Rey) (Coleoptera Apionidae) ex head Greece Diplapion stolidum (Germar) (Coleoptera Apionidae) ex head Greece Eurytoma robusta Mayr (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Italy Gymnetron tetrum (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Genus sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece, Italy Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Larinus flavescens Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Larinus orientalis Capiomont (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy, Greece Larinus syriacus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Myelois cribrella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Porphyrinia parva (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) reared Italy Tychius argentatus Chevrolat (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Tychius picirostris (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece 35 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Carthamus sp. (Asteraceae) Larinus syriacus Gyllenhal on plant Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanthiophilus helicmthi (Rossi) reared Greece (Diptera Tephritidae) Bangasternus planifrons (Brulle) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceratapion penetrans (Germar) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceratapion scalptum (Mulsant & Rey) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceratapion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Greece Chaetorellia sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Israel Dasytes mulsanti ? Schilsky ex head Italy (Coleoptera Melyridae) Genus sp (Coleoptera Bruchidae) reared Greece Hylemya radicum (L.) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Larinus syriacus Gyllenhal reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma haemorrhoidale ? (Illiger) ex head Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma redtenbachen ? Bach reared Greece (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Greece Ore Ilia colon ? (Meigen) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Centaurea bracteata Scop. (Asteraceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Hysteropterum grylloides (F.) (Homoptera Issidae) on plant Italy Isoco/us scabiosae (Giraud) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Lasioderma obscurum ? Solsky reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) 36 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Italy Ormyrus pimctiger Westwood reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Porphyrinia pan>a (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Scymmis sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Sibinia attalica Gyllenhal ex head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Si tophi lus oryzae (L .) ex head Italy (Coleoptera Rhynchophoridae) Urophora quadrifasciata ? (Meigen) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Centaurea caerulescens Bulbani ex Timb.-Lagn. (Asteraceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Divales bipustulatus (F.) (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Divales sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Ormyrus gratiosus (Forster) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Ormyrus pimctiger Westwood reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Sibinia attalica Gyllenhal ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sycophila submutica (Thomson) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera Scelionidae) reared Italy Centaurea calcitrapa L. (Asteraceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) on plant Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Bangasternus fausti (Reitter) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont) reared Italy, Greece, Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bruchidius sp. 1 (Coleoptera Bruchidae) reared Italy 37 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Bruchidius sp. 2 (Coleoptera Bruchidae) reared Greece Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Greece Cochylis posterana (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared Italy Danacaea sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae) ex dry head Italy Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermiiller) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Turkey Hephatus nanus (Herrich-Schaffer) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) feeding Italy Hysteropterum grylloides (F.) (Homoptera Issidae) on plant Turkey Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Greece Porphyrima parva (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy, Yugoslavia Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) reared Italy Sphaeroderma rubidum Graells (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Greece Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera Tephritidae) Centaurea cineraria L. (Asteraceae) ex plant Egypt Acalles dromedarius Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Depressaria sp (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) reared Italy Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) reared Italy Parmena sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) reared Italy Ptinus villiger Reitter (Coleoptera Ptinidae) Centaurea deusta Ten. (Asteraceae) reared Italy Bangasternus provincialis (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy 38 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal feeding Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ormyrus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) on plant Italy Oxycarenus pallens ? Herrich-Schaffer feeding Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Pterolonche sp. (Lepidoptera Pteromalidae) reared Italy Centaurea diffusa Lam. (Asteraceae) Adscita chloros ? (Hiibner) on plant Greece (Lepidoptera Zygaenidae) Agapanthici sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) ? ? Agapeta zoegana (L.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on plant Austria Agonopteryx sp. (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) reared Greece Bcmgasternus fausti (Reitter) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bcmgasternus orientalis (Capiomont) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Baris artemisiae (Herbst) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bithia sp. (Dipt era Tachinidae) ex plant Greece Calosoma sycophanta (L.) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Greece Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Greece Ceratapion penetrans (Germar) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Chore bus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Greece Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Clytra sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Greece Coleophora conspicuella Zeller reared Greece (Lepidoptera Coleophoridae) Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) reared Greece, Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Dacnusa sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Greece Deudora sp. (Coleoptera Buprestidae) reared Greece Diadegma fenestralis (Holmgren) reared Greece (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Bonus salviae ? (Schrank) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Eurytoma robusta Mayr reared Greece (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eustenopus villosus (Boheman) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Galemca littoralis (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Glypta sculpturata (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Hylemya platura (Meigen) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylotrupes bajulns (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Hyper a punctata ? (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera venusta (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Isocolus sp. (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Larinus grisescens Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus minutus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F .) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Liodontomerus sp (Hymenoptera Torymidae) Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus scolopax Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lycia graecaria (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Lygaeosoma sardae Spinola (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Metzneria sp. (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Ormyrus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Phytomyza horticola Goureau (Diptera Agromyzidae) Po/ydrusus armipes Brulle (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pseudocosma caecimacu/ana (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared on plant on plant reared reared feeding on plant on plant on plant reared reared feeding reared feeding reared reared feeding feeding reared ex dry head reared reared reared on plant reared Country where collected Greece Greece Greece Greece Russia Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece France, Greece Greece Greece Greece Germany Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece 40 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Pterolonche albescens Zeller reared Romania (Lepidoptera Pterolonchidae) Pterolonche inspersa Staudinger reared Greece (Lepidoptera Pterolonchidae) Pterolonche pulverulentella ? Zeller reared Greece (Lepidoptera Pterolonchidae) Sphenoptera jugos/avica Obenberger reared Greece (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Stenodes alternana (Stephens) reared Italy, Greece (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Greece Tychius sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Greece Urophora sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared France, Germany, Italy Centaurea idea Boiss & Heldr. (Asteraceae) Cycloderes canescens (Rossi) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cyphocleonus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Sitona hispidulus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Greece Centaurea jacea L. (Asteraceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Austria, France, (Diptera Tephritidae) Germany Anthomyza gracilis Fallen (Diptera Anthomyiidae) reared Germany Bangasternus provincialis (Fairmaire) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chaetostome/la onotrophes (Loewe) reared Germany (Diptera Tephritidae) Hysteropterum grylloides (F.) on plant Italy (Homoptera Issidae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Larinus sturnus (Schaller) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Ormyrus punctiger Westwood reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera Chloropidae) reared Germany Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) reared Germany (Diptera Chloropidae) 41 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Sarcophaga sp. (Diptera Calliphoridae) ex plant Italy Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex head Germany Sphcieroderma rubidum (Graells) on plant France (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Sycophila submutica (Thomson) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) reared France (Diptera Tephritidae) Urophora quadrifasciata ? (Meigen) reared Germany, Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Centaurea macedonica Boiss. & Heldr. (Asteraceae) Larinus minutus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Centaurea maculosa Lam. (Asteraceae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) reared Austria (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Germany (Diptera Tephritidae) Agape ta zoegana (L.) ex plant Hungary (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared France Corticaria sp. (Coleoptera Latridiidae) ex plant Germany Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) reared Austria, Hungary (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Eurytoma tibialis Boheman reared France (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Larinus minutus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Meligethes incanus Sturm ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Ormyrus punctiger Westwood reared France (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) ex plant Germany (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pterolonche mspersa Staudinger ex plant Hungary (Lepidoptera Pterolonchidae) Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) reared Austria, France (Diptera Tephritidae) 42 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Urophora quadrifascicita (Meigen) reared France, Germany (Dipt era Tephritidae) Urophora sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Germany Centaurea melitensis L. (Asteraceae) Elasmus sp. (Hymenoptera Elasmidae) reared Italy Larirms curtus Hochhut ex head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Melittobia acasta Walker reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Centaurea napifolia L. (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletianus (Germar) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Attalus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) reared Italy Cnephasia sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared Italy Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Phytomyza horticola ? Goureau on plant Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Porphyrinia parva (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Rhyzobius litura (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) feeding Italy Sycophila submutica (Thomson) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Centaurea nicaensis All. (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletianus (Germar) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Bruchidius obscuricollis (Gyllenhal) reared Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) 43 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Bruchidius tuberculatus (Hochhut) reared Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Ceratapion robusticorne (Desbrochers) reared Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Larinus flavescens Germar reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma haemorrhoidale ? (Illiger) reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Italy Leucopis sp. (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) reared Italy Lonchoptera fuscata (Fallen) reared Italy (Diptera Lonchopteridae) Malthinus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) ex plant Italy Mordellistena sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) ex plant Italy Ormyrus punctiger Westwood reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Pterolonche sp (Lepidoptera Pterolonchidae) reared Italy Urophora quadrifasciata ? (Meigen) reared Germany, Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Centaurea nigra L. (Asteraceae) Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loewe) reared Germany (Diptera Tephritidae) Chrysochloa tristis (F.) on plant France (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Centaurea pallidior Halacsy (Asteraceae) Larinus mi nut us Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Centaurea phrygia L. (Asteraceae) Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loewe) reared Germany (Diptera Tephritidae) Larinus minutus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 44 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Centaurea phrygia ? L. (Asteraceae) Eurytoma robusta Mayr reared Germany (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) reared Germany (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Centaurea pseudophrygia (C. A. Meyer) Gugler (Asteraceae) Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal on plant Austria (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Centaurea repens L. (Asteraceae) Acanthi ophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Iran (Diptera Tephritidae) Aelia sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Iran Attalus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Iran Clytra atraphaxidis ? (Pallas) on plant Iran (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Coptocephala sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Iran Deltocephalus sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Iran Handianus sp. (Homoptera Cercopidae) on plant Iran Holcostethus sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Iran Porphyrinia parva (Hiibner) feeding Iran (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Tettigometra griseola Fieber on plant Iran (Homoptera Tettigometridae) Tettigometra sp. (Homoptera Tettigometridae) on plant Iran Centaurea salonitana Vis. (Asteraceae) Larinus minutus Gyllenhal feeding Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Centaurea scabiosa L. (Asteraceae) Eurytoma robusta Mayr reared Germany (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Germany Orellia colon (Meigen) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Germany Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) reared Germany (Diptera Chloropidae) Urophora cuspidata (Meigen) reared Germany (Diptera Tephritidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae) Acal/es diocletianus (Germar) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman ex head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) reared Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanephodus orientate (Gerst acker) feeding Greece, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Apionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Greece, Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Acanthiophilus sp. 1 (Diptera Tephritidae) on plant Greece Acanthiophilus sp. 2 (Diptera Tephritidae) ex dry head Turkey Adelphocoris vandalicus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Miridae) Agapanthia cardui (L.) on plant Greece, Italy, Spain (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia dah/i (Richter) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia leucaspis (Steven) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agonopteryx subpropinquella Stainton reared Italy (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) Alophus nictitans singu laris Jacquelin DuVal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Amsopteromalus calandrae (Howard) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Antistrophoplex cothurnatus (Masi) reared Iran, Italy (Hymenoptera Torymidae) Aphis terricola Rondani (Homoptera Aphididae) feeding ? Arima marginata (F.) feeding ? (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Aspidiotes thalassinus (Schonherr) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Attagenus unicolor (Brahm) ex head Italy (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Bangasternus fausti ( Reitter) ex head Greece, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont) reared Greece, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 46 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Baryscapus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Bombus sp. (Hymenoptera Apidae) Bracon pectoralis ? Westwood (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon quinquemaculatus ? Szeleny (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon sp. 3 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon sp. 4 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon urinator Panzer (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius tuberculatus (Hochhut) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius varius (Olivier) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Carpocoris pudicus (Poda) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Carpocoris sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cassida denticollis Suffrian (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida rubiginosa O F. Muller (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceratapion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceutorhynchus erysimi (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus picitarsis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chaetocnema tibialis ? (Illiger) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chaetorellia australis Hering (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece on plant Italy reared Greece reared Greece ex dry head Turkey ex dry head Turkey ex dry head Turkey reared Greece reared Greece ex dry head Greece, Italy, Turkey reared Greece, Turkey reared Italy on plant Spain on plant Italy ex dry head Italy, Turkey on plant Greece, Italy, Yugoslavia on plant Greece reared France, Greece, Iran, Italy feeding Greece, Italy reared Greece, Italy on plant Greece on plant Greece ex plant Italy ex plant Italy reared Greece 47 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Chaetorellia carthami ? Stackelberg reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Chaetorellia hexachaeta (Loewe) reared Greece (Diptera Tephritidae) Chaetorellia sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece, Italy Chaetorellia succinea (Costa) reared ? (Diptera Tephritidae) Chaetostomella cylindrica (Robineau-Desvoidy) reared Greece (Diptera Tephritidae) Chelonus sp (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Greece Chrysolina banksi (F.) feeding ? (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina menthastri (Suffrian) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cionus clairvillei Boheman on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Clytra sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) ex plant Greece Cnephasia abrasana (Duponchel) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Coccinella septempunctata L. on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Coniatus repandus ? (F.) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cyphocleonus morbillosus (F.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Dactynotus sp. (Homoptera Aphididae) feeding ? Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Miridae) Diplapion detritum (Mulsant & Rey) feeding Italy Diplapion stolidum (Germar) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Dorms crinitus (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Donus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Greece 48 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Elachertus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Elasmus sp. (Hymenoptera Elasmidae) Euderus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Eupelmus microzonus Forster (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) Eupelmus sp. (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) Eurydemci ornatum (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma robusta Mayr (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. 3 (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. 4 (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma tibialis Boheman (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eustenopus villosus (Boheman) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Exopristus trigonomerus (Masi) (Hymenoptera Torymidae) Figites consobrinus ? Girault (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Forficula sp. (Dermaptera Forficulidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Elateridae) Genus sp. (Diptera Agromyzidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Bombyliidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Otitidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Simuliidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Tabanidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) Genus sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Genus A sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) Genus B sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) Genus C sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) Genus sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Genus sp. (Hemiptera Tingidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Apidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Greece, Italy ex head Italy on plant Italy reared Greece, Italy reared Greece, Italy, Turkey on plant Italy reared Greece, Italy, Turkey reared Italy reared Greece reared Turkey reared Iran reared Greece, Italy reared Greece Turkey reared Greece on plant Yugoslavia on plant Italy ex dry head Turkey on plant Greece reared ? on plant Italy reared Greece on plant Greece on plant Italy on plant Italy reared Greece, Italy on plant Turkey on plant Turkey on plant Turkey on plant Italy on plant Italy, Turkey on plant Italy on plant Italy reared Italy 49 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) reared Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) ex plant Greece, Italy Genus A sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex dry head Turkey Genus B sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) ex dry head Turkey Genus C sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Greece Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex head Italy, Turkey Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) ex head Italy, Turkey, Yugoslavia Genus sp. (Thysanoptera Aelothripidae) on plant Yugoslavia Gymnetron bipustulatum (Rossi) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Homa/otylus flaminius Dalman on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae) Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera zoilas (Scopoli) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hyssopus sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Greece Hysteropterum gryl loides (F.) on plant Greece (Homoptera Issidae) Isoco/us jaceae (Schrank) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Isocolus rogenhoferi Wachtl reared Greece, Italy (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Isocolus sp (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) reared ? Larinus centaur eae (Olivier) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus curtus Hochhut reared Greece, Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus filiformis Petri ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus flavescens Germar reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus grisescens Gyllenhal feeding Greece, Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Greece 50 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Larinus latus (Herbst) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus minutus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus ursus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma haemorrhoidale ? (Illiger) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma obscurum ? Solsky (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma redtenbacheri (Bach) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Lasiopa tenuirostris (Loewe) (Diptera Stratiomyidae) Lixus angustatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus scolopax Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus speciosus Miller (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Longitarsus sp. 1 (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Longitarsus sp. 2 (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Macroneura sp. (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) Malachius spinipennis Germar (Coleoptera Melyridae) Meligethes erythropus ? (Marsham) (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Metzneria aestivella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Metzneria aprilella (Herrich-Schaffer) (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Metzneria sp. (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) on plant Greece reared ? ex dry head Greece on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Greece on plant Turkey reared Turkey on plant Italy reared Greece, Turkey reared Italy, Turkey reared Greece, Italy, Turkey on plant Yugoslavia on plant Greece on plant Greece reared Greece reared Greece on plant Yugoslavia ex plant Italy reared Greece, Turkey on plant Yugoslavia feeding Italy reared Turkey reared Italy reared ? 51 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Microgaster sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Mordellistenci pumila Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Mordellidae) Mordellistena sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) Netocia morio (F.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Oedemera nobilis Scopoli (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) Ormyrus gratiosns Forster (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Ormyrus orientalis Walker (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Ormyrus punctiger Westwood (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Ormyrus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Otiorhynchus rhacusensis Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Oxycarenus pallens (Herrich-Schaffer) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Oxythyrea funesta (Poda) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Perilampus sp (Hymenoptera Perilampidae) Phanacis centaur eae Forster (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Phanacis sanctigellerti Balas (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Philaenus spumarius (L .) (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phytoecia scapularis (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Phytoecia virgula (Charpentier) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Podonta sp (Coleoptera Alleculidae) Pollenia sp (Diptera Calliphoridae) Porphyrinia parva (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Pronotalia sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Protaetia sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Protapion trifolii (L.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Psalidium sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared on plant reared feeding on plant reared reared reared reared on plant reared on plant ex head reared reared on plant reared on plant on plant on plant reared reared on plant on plant on plant Country where collected Italy Italy Greece Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy Greece, Italy, Turkey Italy Greece, Iran, Turkey Italy Turkey Greece ? Italy Greece Greece Yugoslavia Greece Italy, Yugoslavia Italy Greece Italy, Turkey Greece 52 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Pseudorchestes cinereus ? (Fahraeus) reared Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pseudorchestes pratensis (Germar) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pseudorchestes tomentosus? (Olivier) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pseudotorymus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) reared Italy, Turkey Psilothrix viridicoeruleus (Fourcroy) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Melyridae) Psylliodes chalcomera (Illiger) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Psylliodes hyosciami (L.) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Psylliodes sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Greece Pteromalus cardui ? Erdos ex head Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Pteromalus elevatus (Walker) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Pteromalus sp (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex head Italy Ptinus subpilosus ? Sturm (Coleoptera Ptinidae) ex dry head Italy Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Greece, Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Raphidia sp. (Neuroptera Raphidiidae) on plant Italy Rhaconotos sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Rhinocyllus oblongus Capiomont on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Scambus eucosmarum (Perkins) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Scymnus mimulus Capra & Fiirsch ex dry head Turkey (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Scythris sp. (Lepidoptera Scythrididae) on plant Spain Selenocephalus griseus (F.) on plant Greece, Italy (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona humeralis Stephens on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitophilus oryzae L. on plant Italy (Coleoptera Rhynchophoridae) 53 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Spermophagus sericeus (Fourcroy) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared France, Greece, Italy Sphegigaster sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Italy Squamapion elongatum (Germar) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Turkey Strophomorphus porcellns (Schonherr) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Greece Subcoccinellci vigintiquatuorpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Yugoslavia Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Greece Sycophila submutica (Thomson) (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Greece Tebenna bjerkanderella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera Choreutidae) reared Italy Tebenna micalis ? (Mann) (Lepidoptera Choreutidae) reared ? Terellia sp (Diptera Tephritidae) ex dry head Greece, Italy, Turkey Terellia uncinata White (Lepidoptera Tephritidae) reared ? Terellia virens (Loewe) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece, Italy Tetrastichus brevicornis (Panzer) (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Tetrastichus deira (Walker) (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Tetrastichus sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Greece Tetrastichus sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Tettigometra virescens (Panzer) (Homoptera Tettigometridae) on plant Italy Thersamonia thersamon (Esper) (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae) on plant Italy Tingis rotundicollis (Jakovlev) (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant Italy Trichoma/us cardui ? (Masi) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex roots France Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Greece Tychius argentatus Chevrolat (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy 54 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Urophora jaculata Rondani (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece, Italy Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy, Greece Xyletinus sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) on plant Yugoslavia Zonitis sp. (Coleoptera Meloidae) Centaurea sp. (Asteraceae) on plant Greece Acalles diocletiamis (Germar) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Acanephodus robusticornis (Desbrochers) (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Italy Bangasternus fausti (Reitter) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Greece Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Italy Caenacis sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Italy Ceratapion penetrans (Germar) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Spain Ceratapion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Turkey Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Eurytoma tibialis Boheman (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Italy Hephatns nanus (Herrich-Schaffer) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Larinus australis Capiomont (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on head Greece Larinus australis ? Capiomont (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Larinus canescens Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Larinus minutus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex head Greece Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy 55 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Larinus sibiricus Gyllenhal reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Larinus syriacus Gyllenhal on head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus speciosus Miller reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ormyrus punctiger Westwood reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Centaurea sphaerocephala L. (Asteraceae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Psilothrix sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Centaurea spruneri Boiss. & Heldr. ssp. guicciardii (Boiss.) Hayek (Asteraceae) Larinus crassus Capiomont ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus grisescens Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae) Cassida nebulosa L. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Bulgaria Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae) Cryptocephalus signaticollis Suffrian on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cycloderes canescens (Rossi) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Dasineura sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) reared Turkey Ensina sonchi (L.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece Hypo/ixus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Egypt Lixus anguinus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Egypt Lixus astrachanicus Faust on plant Egypt (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus rosenschoeldi Boheman on plant Egypt (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus sp (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Egypt 56 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville on plant England, France, Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) reared Germany Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) ex foliage Yugoslavia Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loewe) reared Germany (Dipt era Tephritidae) Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cochylis hybridella ? (Hiibner) reared Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Corticaria sp. (Coleoptera Latridiidae) ex head Germany Diplapion detritam (Mulsant & Rey) reared Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Epurea sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Germany Eurytoma robusta Mayr reared Germany (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma tibialis Boheman reared Germany, Yugoslavia (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Genus sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Germany Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Germany, Italy Hadroplontus litura (F.) on plant Switzerland (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Germany, Spain Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal reared France, Germany, (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Greece, Italy, Lema cyanella (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Yugoslavia England Lixus scolopax Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Melanagromyza aeneiventris (Fallen) reared Germany (Diptera Agromyzidae) Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Italy Ormyrus punctiger Westwood reared Yugoslavia (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) ex plant Germany (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Philaenus spumarius (L.) on plant Germany, Italy (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phora sp. (Diptera Phoridae) reared Germany 57 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyllus conicas (Frolich) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona humeralis Stephens on plant Germany (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze) on plant Germany (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) Ty chius quinquepunctatus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Urophora stylata (F.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Yugoslavia Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. (Asteraceae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Cirsium canurn (L.) All. (Asteraceae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) on plant Austria (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Cirsium creticum (Lam.) D’Urv. (Asteraceae) Larinus planus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) reared Greece Urophora stylata (F.) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Greece Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae) Larinus sturnus (Schaller) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) AIL (Asteraceae) Larinus planus (F ) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Germany Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bieb. (Asteraceae) Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal reared Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 58 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Cirsium sp. (Asteraceae) Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Italy Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece Larinus sturnus (Schaller) ex dry head Greece Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal ex head Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma baudii (Schilsky) reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) on plant France, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cirsium tuberosum (L.) All. (Asteraceae) Larinus sturnus (Schaller) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (Asteraceae) Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ceratapion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Italy Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) reared Germany, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Epiblema pflugiana ? (F.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Ercta sp. (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Eupithecia sp. (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared France Eurytoma robusta Mayr reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Italy Eurytoma tibialis Boheman reared France, Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Homoeosoma nebulella ? (Denis & SchifFermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Jaapiella cirsiicola (Rubsaamen) reared France (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) 59 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Larinus sturnus (Schaller) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lestodiplosis cirsii Barnes (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) Lixus angustatus (F .) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Miarus gram inis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phyllobius etruscus Desbrochers (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Procris sp. (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) Sitona gressorius (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Squamapion elongatum (Germar) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Sterrha dimidiata (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Terellia longicauda (Meigen) (Diptera Tephritidae) LJdea ferrugalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Urophora sty lata (F.) (Diptera Tephritidae) Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) Drosophila sp. (Diptera Drosophilidae) Convolvulus althaeoides L. (Convolvulaceae) Altica oleracea ? (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Bruchidius bimacu/atus ? (Olivier) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius seminarius ? (L.) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) Exosoma lusitanicum (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) Type of association Country where collected reared France, Greece, Italy reared Greece, Italy reared France reared Italy on plant Italy ex dry head Greece on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Italy on plant Germany, Italy ex dry head Greece reared Italy reared France reared Italy reared Germany, Italy reared Italy feeding Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain feeding Spain on plant Portugal on plant Italy, Spain 60 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Hemiptarsenus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Spain Oedemera virescens L. on plant Spain (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) Onebala lamprostoma (Zeller) reared Israel, Spain (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Spermophagns sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) feeding Spain Spermophagiis variolosopunctatus Gyllenhal feeding Portugal, Spain (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Sphenoptera sp. (Coleoptera Buprestidae) on plant Spain Tropinota hirta (Poda) feeding Spain (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae) Acontia lucida (Hufnagel) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Adrastus limbatus (F.) (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Yugoslavia Aedia leucomelas (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy, Spain Aelia acuminata (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) feeding Spain Agapanthia sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Greece Agrius convolvuli (L.) (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) reared France, Italy, Spain Agrotis segetum (Denis & SchifFermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Altica oleracea ? (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Apante/es sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy, Spain Apatele rumicis (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Apion haematodes Kirby (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Italy Aplocnemus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Portugal Archips crataeganus (Hiibner) reared Austria (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Argyroploce arbutella ? (L.) reared Austria (Lepidoptera Oleuthretidae) Argyrotaenia pulchellana (Hawort) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Asecodes ? sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Asiraca clavicornis (F.) feeding Austria, Yugoslavia (Homoptera Delphacidae) Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) feeding Yugoslavia (Homoptera Aphididae) Aulacorthum speyeri Borner feeding Italy (Homoptera Aphididae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy, Spain, Axinotarsus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Yugoslavia Spain Axylia putris (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Spain Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller) reared France, Italy, (Lepidoptera Lyonetidae) Portugal, Spain Boarmia selenaria (Denis & Schiffermtiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Brachmia sp. (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) reared Italy Brachmia triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer) reared Austria, Italy, (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Yugoslavia Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) reared Italy, Spain (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini feeding Spain (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cassida atrata F. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Cassida rubiginosa ? O F. Muller on plant Portugal (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida sp (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy, Portugal, Spain Cassida vittata ? Villiers on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida weidmanni Chapuis feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ceratapion penetrans (Germar) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Apionidae) Ceratapion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Yugoslavia Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) feeding Yugoslavia (Homoptera Cercopidae) Chasmatopterus sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) feeding Portugal Chiasmia clathrata (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Choromyia formosa (Scopoli) on plant Yugoslavia (Diptera Stratiomyidae) Chrysochloa sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Yugoslavia Chrysocr ambus linetellus (F.) reared Austria, Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Chrysodeixis chalcytes (Esper) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Chrysolina banksi ? (F.) on plant Spain, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) 62 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Cicadella viridis (L.) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) feeding Italy Coptocephala chalibaea ? Germar feeding Portugal (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cryptocephalus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Cyphocleonus morbdlosus (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Dinarmus acutus Thomson reared Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Discestra trifolii ? (Hufnagel) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Dissoctena granigerella ? Staudinger feeding Portugal, Spain (Lepidoptera Psychidae) Donus crinitus (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Dorcadion sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Italy Dry oder es umbraculatus (F.) feeding Spain (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Ematurga atomaria orientaria Staudinger reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Emmelia trabealis (Scopoli) reared France, Italy, Spain, (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Yugoslavia Eurydema oleraceum (L.) feeding Spain (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Iran, Italy, Spain Formicomus sp. (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Italy Galernca rufa Germar reared France, Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gastrophysa polygon i (L.) on plant Italy, Spain (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant France, Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) ex plant Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy, Spain Genus A sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant France, Italy Genus B sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant France, Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Homoptera Cercopidae) feeding Italy Genus sp (Homoptera Cicadellidae) feeding Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) on plant Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy, Spain Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Spain Genus sp (Lepidoptera Hesperidae) feeding Italy Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared Italy Gonocephalum pusillum (F.) on plant Italy, Spain (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) Henosepilachna e later ii (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Hokostethus str ictus (F.) feeding Spain (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Holotrichapion pisi (F.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Italy Hydrisis cmatalis (Duponchel) reared Austria, Italy, (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia Hypena lividalis (Htibner) on plant Spain (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Hyper a postica (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypocassida meridionalis ? (Suffrian) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Hypocassida subferruginea (Schrank) feeding Italy, Portugal, Spain, (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Yugoslavia Hypocassida subferruginea ? (Schrank) feeding Greece, Iran (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Indomyrmex humilis (Mayr) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Isomera cinerascens (Rondani) reared Italy (Diptera Tachinidae) Lagria hirta F. (Coleoptera Lagriidae) on plant Italy Larentia clavana (Haawort) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Leucania sp (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Spain Limnobaris dolorosa (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus iridis (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Longitarsus longipennis ? Kutschera feeding Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) 64 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Longitarsus nasturtii ? (F.) feeding Portugal, Spain (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Longitarsus pellucidus Foudras reared France, Greece, Italy, (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Spain, Yugoslavia Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Greece Macroneura vesicularis (Retzius) ? ? (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) Macrosyphum euphorbiae (Thomas) feeding Spain (Homoptera Aphididae) Malachius bipustulatus L. on plant Italy (Coleoptera Melyridae) Malachius sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Portugal, Yugoslavia Mamestra brassicae (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Mamestra oleracea (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Melanagromyza albocilia Hendel reared Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Meligethes solidus Kugelann feeding Spain (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) feeding Austria, Greece, Yugoslavia Melitaea sp. (Lepidoptera Satyridae) on plant Italy Meloe sp. (Coleoptera Meloidae) on plant Portugal Mordellistena sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) on plant Italy Myzys persicae Sulzer (Homoptera Aphididae) feeding Italy, Portugal Nemorilla floralis (Fallen) reared Italy (Diptera Tachinidae) Neoglocianus maculaalba (Herbst) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Nezara vindula (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) feeding Italy, Spain Noctuelia floralis (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Nyssia florentina Stephan reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Oedemera nobilis Scopoli on plant Italy (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) Oedemera sp. (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) on plant Italy, Portugal, Spain Oidematophorus monodactylus (L.) reared Italy, Spain, Turkey (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae) 65 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Olibrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) feeding Italy Orthezia sp (Homoptera Ortheziidae) feeding Italy Oscinella frit (L.) (Diptera Chloropidae) on plant Italy Otiorhynchus alutaceus Germar on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Oulema melcmopus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Oxythyrea funesta (Poda) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Pachytychius squamosus (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Paracelypha rivulana (Scopoli) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Peridroma saucia (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Phenococcus sp (Homoptera Pseudococcidae) feeding Italy Phylaenus spumarius (L.) feeding France, Italy, (Homoptera Cercopidae) Yugoslavia Phyllotreta consobrina ? Curtis feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Phyllotreta ni gripes (F.) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Pimelia sp (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) on plant Spain Planococcus citri ? (Risso) feeding Italy, Spain (Homoptera Pseudococcidae) Pleurota sp. (Lepidoptera Oecophoridae) reared Italy Podagrica malvae ? (Illiger) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Polydrusus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Protapion nigritarse (Kirby) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) feeding Spain (Homoptera Pseudococcidae) Psilothrix sp (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy, Portugal, Spain Psylliodes glabra L Redtenbacher on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Psylliodes sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy, Portugal Psyllobora vigintiduomaculata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) 66 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Pterophorus pentadactylus (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae) Pyrausta cespitalis (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Rivula sericealis (Scopoli) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Scolothrips sp. (Thysanoptera Thrypidae) feeding Italy Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scythris sp. (Lepidoptera Scythrididae) reared Italy Sitochra verticalis (L.) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy, Yugoslavia Sitona limosus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sitona suturalis Stephens on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Smaragdina sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Portugal Sminthnrus viridis L. (Collembola Sminthuridae) feeding Italy Spanganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Austria (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Spermophagns kuesteri Schilsky feeding Iran (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Spermophagus sericens (Fourcroy) reared Greece, Italy, (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Portugal, Spain Spermophagns sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) reared Italy, Yugoslavia Sphaeroderma testaceum ? Weise on plant Spain (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Spodoptera exigua (Htibner) reared Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) reared Spain (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Stenoptilia pycnodactyla ? (L.) reared Spain (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae) Stenosis angustata (Herbst) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) Sterrha sp. (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared Italy Stigmella sp. (Lepidoptera Nepticulidae) reared Austria, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain Stilbus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) feeding Italy Strobliomyia tibialis (Robineau-Desvoidy) reared Italy (Diptera Tachinidae) 67 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Strophomorphus porcellus (Germar) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) " Subcoccine/la vigintiquatuorpunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Synthymia fixa (F.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Spain Syrphophagus sp. (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae) on plant Israel Tanymecus palliatas (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Tanymecus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Israel Thrips tabaci (L.) (Thysanoptera Thrypidae) feeding Italy Timandra amataria (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Titanio normalis Htibner (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy, Spain Trachys puncticollis obscurella Obenberger reared France, Italy (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Trachys sp. (Coleoptera Buprestidae) reared Iran Trachys troglodytes Gyllenhal reared Greece (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Trichosirocaltis baldensis (Schultze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trioza sp. (Flomoptera Psyllidae) feeding Italy Tyta luctuosa (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Austria, France, (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Italy, Portugal, Spain, Yugoslavia Xylena vetusta (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Austria Convolvulus sp. (Convolvulaceae) Genus sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Greece Protapion dissimile (Germar) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Apionidae) Protapion trifolii (L.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Turkey Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera Scelionidae) ? ? Cousinia congesta Bunge (Asteraceae) Larinus capiomonti Faust on plant USSR (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus jaceae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant USSR 68 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Crupina vulgaris Cass. (Asteraceae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared ? (Diptera Tephritidae) Ceratapion beckeri (Desbrochers) reared Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Clytie Hitmans (Hubner) on plant ? (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Lasioderma redtenbacheri ? Bach ex head Greece (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Metzneria aprilella (Herrich-Schaffer) reared France, Greece (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Stegobium paniceum (L.) (Coleoptera Anobiidae) ex head Greece Styphlus peuicy/lus Gyllenhal reared France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cuscuta sp. (Cuscutaceae) Onus minutus (L.) (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) on plant Italy Smicronyx jungermamiiae Reiche reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae) Larimis cynarae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex seed head Greece Larimis scolymi (Olivier) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Voria ruralis (Fallen) (Diptera Tachinidae) reared Italy Cynara scolymus (L.) Hayek (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletiarms (Germar) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acalles dromedarius Boheman reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Agromyza apfelbecki Strobl reared Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Biosteres carbonarius (Nees) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hubner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Ceratapion sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Italy Chrysolina banksi (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Coccine/la septempimctata L. on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Dolycons baccarum (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Drosophila funebris (F.) (Diptera Drosophilidae) reared Italy Exeristes rob or at or (F.) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Homoeosoma sp. (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Larinus scolymi (Olivier) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma baudii Schilsky reared Italy (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Melitaea cynxia (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Pimp/a sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Sitona sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Si tophi /us sp. (Coleoptera Rhynchophoridae) ex head Italy Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Terellia fuscicornis (Loewe) reared Greece, Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Cynara sp. (Asteraceae) Grammodes stolida (F.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Cytisus scoparius (L. ) Link (Papilionaceae) Agri/us biguttatus (F.) (Coleoptera Buprestidae) reared France, Italy Agriphi/a lati stria (Hawort) on plant France (Lepidoptera Crambidae) 70 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Agrothereuthes abbreviatus (F.) reared France (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Anaspis sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) on plant France Bruchidius seminarias (L.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Chrysolina ? sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant France Exapion fuscirostre (F.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Italy Gonioctena olivacea (Forster) on plant France (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hubner) reared France, Italy (Lepidoptera Lyonetidae) Phloeophtorus rhododactylus (Marsham) reared France (Coleoptera Scolytidae) Echinops ritro L. (Asteraceae) Larinus onopordi (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Turkey Echinops sp. (Asteraceae) Ceratapion penetrans (Germar) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Diplapion stolidum (Germar) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Genus sp. (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant Egypt Larinus vulpes (Olivier) ex dry head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Echinops sphaerocephalus L. (Asteraceae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Italy Sitona sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex plant Italy Strophomorphus porcellus (Germar) ex head Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Eryngium campestre L. (Umbelliferae) Zygaena erythrus (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Zygaenidae) Euphorbia amygdaloides L. (Euphorbiaceae) Aphthona venustula Kutschera reared France, Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) 71 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Euphorbia characias L. (Euphorbiaceae) Acroclyta subsequcma (Herrich-Schaffer) on plant France (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Aphthona venustula Kutschera feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Nephopteryx divisella Dupochel on plant France (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Thamnurgus euphorbiae Ktister reared Italy (Coleoptera Scolytidae) Euphorbia cyparissias L. (Euphorbiaceae) Alticci oleracea (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Anaspis sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) on plant Hungary Anthrenus pimpinellae (F.) feeding Romania (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Aphthona cyparissiae (Koch) feeding Austria, Germany, (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Hungary, Italy Aphthona czwa/inae Weise on plant Hungary (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Aphthona flava Guillebeau feeding Hungary, Italy, (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Romania Aphthona ovata Foudras on plant Austria (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Aphthona venustula Kutschera feeding Hungary (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chamaesphecia leucopsiformis (Esper) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) C hamaesphecia tenthrediniformis on plant France (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Cheilosia sp (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Hungary Dicranocephalus agilis (Scopoli) feeding Austria (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Dicranocephalus albipes (F .) feeding Italy (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Genus sp (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Austria Genus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Austria Genus sp. (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Hungary Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) reared Austria Meligethes aeneus (F.) (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Hungary, Romania Mylacus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Hungary 72 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Oberea erythrocephala (Schrank) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) feeding Austria, Italy Propylea quatnordecimpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Austria Simyra dentinosa Freyer (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Greece Spurgici capitigena (Bremi) (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) reared Greece Spurgia capitigena ? (Bremi) (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) reared Greece Thamnurgus eaphorbiae Kiister (Coleoptera Scolytidae) Euphorbia esula L. (Euphorbiaceae) reared Italy Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant China Aphis euphorbiae ? Kaltenbach (Homoptera Aphididae) feeding China Aphthona abdominalis (Duftschimid) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Aphthona chinchihi Chen (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared China Aphthona czwa/inae Weise (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Austria, Russia Aphthona flava Guillebeau (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy, Russia Aphthona seriata Chen (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared China Aphthona venustula Kutschera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Asiorestia sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Russia Atrococcus paludinus (Green) (Homoptera Pseudococcidae) feeding China Celerio euphorbiae (L.) (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) reared China Chaetocnema sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Russia Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper) (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) reared Austria Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Chamaesphecia sp. (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) reared China Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis reared Austria (Denis & Schififermiiller) (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Corizus hyoscyami (L.) (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) on plant China Cryptocephalus flavipes (F.) on plant Russia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian on plant Russia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cryptocephalus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Dasineura sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) on plant Russia Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallen) on plant China (Hemiptera Miridae) Dicranocephalus albipes (F.) reared Italy, Russia (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) on plant Russia Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) on plant Italy Homadaula ? sp (Lepidoptera Plutellidae) reared China Lobesia sp (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on plant Russia Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Russia Neoplinthus tigratus (Rossi) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Notoxus appendicinus Desbrochers on plant China (Coleoptera Anthicidae) Ob ere a donee lit ? Pic reared China (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Oberea erythrocephala (Schrank) reared Austria, Hungary, (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Italy, Russia, Oidematophorus monodactylus ? (L.) reared Yugoslavia China (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae) Oncochila simplex (Herrich-Schaffer) reared Italy (Hemiptera Tingidae) Pegomya sp. (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Russia Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera feeding Russia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Psylliodes circumdata (W. Redtenbacher) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Psylliodes napi (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Psylliodes sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Russia Ptinus sp (Coleoptera Ptinidae) on plant China 74 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Simyra nervosa (Denis & Schiffermtiller) reared China (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Spnrgia capitigena (Bremi) reared France (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) Spnrgia esulae Gagne (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) reared Italy Spnrgia sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) on plant Russia Euphorbia gerardiana Jacq. (Euphorbiaceae) Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper) reared Austria (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Oberea erythrocephala (Schrank) reared Switzerland (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Euphorbia iberica Trev. ex Springel (Euphorbiaceae) Athons sp. (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Russia Cryptocephalus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Russia Dicranocephalus albipes (F.) on plant Russia (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Oberea erythrocephala (Schrank) on plant Russia (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Sitona puncticollis Stephens on plant Russia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Spnrgia sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) on plant Russia Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae) Agelastica alni (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Euphorbia lucida W. et K. (Euphorbiaceae) Oncochila simplex (Flerrich- Schaffer) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Tingidae) Euphorbia myrsinites L. (Euphorbiaceae) Aphthona pygmaea ? Kutschera feeding Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Neoplinthus tigratns (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Euphorbia palustris L. (Euphorbiaceae) Oberea enphorbiae (Germar) ex plant Austria (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) 75 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Euphorbia paralias L. (Euphorbiaceae) Spurgia sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) on plant Russia Euphorbia platyphyllos L. (Euphorbiaceae) Dicranocephcilus albipes (F.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Euphorbia polychroma Kerner (Euphorbiaceae) Bruchus signaticornis Gyllenhal on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Euphorbia polychroma ? Kerner (Euphorbiaceae) Aphthona bonvouloiri sicelidis Weise feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Euphorbia pseudovirgata Shur (Euphorbiaceae) Chamaesphecia crassicornis (Bartel) reared Romania (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Euphorbia salicifolia Host. (Euphorbiaceae) Ampedus sp (Coleoptera Elateridae) on plant Hungary Anthrenus pimpinellae F. feeding Hungary (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Anthrenus scrophulariae (L.) feeding Hungary (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Diploneura nitidula (Meigen) (Diptera Phoridae) on plant Hungary Meligethes aeneus (F.) (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Hungary Psylliodes attenuata (Koch) on plant Hungary (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Spermophagus sericeus (Fourcroy) on plant Hungary (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Stilbus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Hungary Euphorbia segetalis L. (Euphorbiaceae) Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) on plant France (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Euphorbia seguierana Necker (Euphorbiaceae) Apanteles vanessae (Reinhard) reared Greece (Hymenoptera Braconidae) 76 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras on plant (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chamaesphecia sp. (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) reared Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis reared (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Chrysolina sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Dicranocephalus albipes (F.) feeding (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Exorista segregata (Rondani) reared (Diptera Tachinidae) Exorista sp. (Diptera Tachinidae) reared Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Hypera sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Mycterus tibialis Kiister on plant (Coleoptera Mycteridae) Oberea linearis (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) reared Oxycesta geographica ( F.) on plant (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum) on plant (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Podonta sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Scatomyza sp. (Diptera Drosophilidae) reared Sphegigaster sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Stenurella bisignata (Brulle) on plant (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Symira dentinosa Freyer reared (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Syntomopus sp (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Vadonia unipunctata (F.) on plant (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Euphorbia sp. (Euphorbiaceae) Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) on plant (Hemiptera Miridae) Aphthona illigeri Bedel on plant (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras on plant (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Russia Greece Hungary Romania Greece, Hungary Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Russia Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece Greece China Italy Hungary, Turkey 77 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Aphthona pygmaea Kutschera on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Aphthona sinilica Chen feeding China (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Calocoris pilicomis (Panzer) on plant USSR (Hemiptera Miridae) Catapionus ? sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant China Celerio enphorbiae (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (Esper) reared Austria (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Chamaesphecia sp. (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) on plant Italy Chrysochus chinensis Baly on plant China (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Coryzns hyosciami (L.) (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) on plant China Cryptocephalus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant China Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallen) on plant China (Hemiptera Miridae) Dicranocephalus medius (Mulsant & Rey) on plant Russia (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Exorista segregata (Rondani) reared Romania (Diptera Tachinidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant China Genus A sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant China Genus B sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant China Genus sp (Coleoptera Ptinidae) on plant China Genus sp (Diptera Tachinidae) reared Romania Genus sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Iran Genus sp (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) on plant China Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on plant China Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haworth) reared China (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) on plant China (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Megamecus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant China Oberea linearis (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Bulgaria, Greece Oberea sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant China Ooencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae) on plant China Pachybrachys sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant China 78 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Paredrocoris pectoralis Reutzer on plant USSR (Hemiptera Miridae) Vadonia unipunctata (F.) on plant Bulgaria, Greece (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Euphorbia stepposa Zoz. ex Prokhanov (Euphorbiaceae) Aleiodes rugulosus (Nees) reared Romania (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Apcmteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Romania Celerio sp. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) on plant Russia Lobesia sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on plant Russia Masicera sphingivora (Robinaeu-Desvoidy) ex Celerio Russia (Diptera Tachinidae) Oxycesta geographica (F.) reared Romania (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. (Euphorbiaceae) Altica oleracea (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant USSR Ant href jus scrophidariae (L.) feeding Romania (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Aphthona lacertosa Rotschild on plant Austria (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cantharis fusca ? (L.) (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Romania Chrysolina fastuosa (L.) on plant Romania (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Crepidodera crassicornis Sandeman on plant Hungary (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Dicranocephalus albipes (F.) on plant Hungary (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Dicranocephalus medius (Mulsant & Rey) on plant Hungary (Hemiptera Stenocephalidae) Neoplinthus porcatus (Herbst) reared Romania (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Oberea erythrocephala (Schrank) on plant Hungary (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Galactites tomentosa Moench. (Asteraceae) Acalles diocletianus (Germar) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 79 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Agapanthia cardui (L.) on plant France (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Alophus nictitans singularis Jacquelin DuVal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Anthaxia sp. (Coleoptera Buprestidae) on plant Italy Baris sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Dipt era Tephritidae) reared Italy Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus cynarae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lixomorphas algirus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Li xus angustatus (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus cardui (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Oedemera sp. (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) on plant Italy Pseudoprotapion astragali (Paykull) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Psylliodes chalcomera (Illiger) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Trichosirocalus horridus (Parzer) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Galium mollugo L. (Rubiaceae) Catharoe rubidata (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Criocoris crassicornis (Hahn) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Miridae) Otiorhynchus pinastri ? (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 80 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Genista sagittalis L. (Papilionaceae) Exapion fonnaneki ? (Wagner) on plant Germany (Coleoptera Apionidae) Genista sp. (Papilionaceae) Exapion formaneki ? (Wagner) on plant Germany (Coleoptera Apionidae) Geranium dissectum L. (Geraniaceae) Agromyza nigrescens Hendel reared Greece (Diptera Agromyzidae) Fenella mimita Thomson reared Greece (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) Limobius borealis (Paykull) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Miscogaster sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) ex larva Greece Glaucium flavum Crantz. (Papaveraceae) Acentrus histrio Boheman feeding Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus junci Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Glaucium sp. (Papaveraceae) Acentrus histrio Boheman reared Iran (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chlorochloa sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Iran Entomoscelis adonidis ? (Pallas) on plant Iran (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Hypericum sp. (Hypericaceae) Chrysolina hyperici (Forster) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ipomea hispida Parodi (Convolvulaceae) Alcidodes sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Pakistan Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae) Agapanthia leucaspis (Steven) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) 81 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Anthrenus pimpinellae ? F. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Baris fallax C. Brisout (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Camponotus sp. (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) (Homoptera Cercopidae) Ceutorhynchus picitarsis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus rusticus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chelonus sp (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Cheumatopsyche lepida (Pictet) (Lepidoptera Hydropsychidae) Enicopus parnassi ? Kiesenwetter (Coleoptera Melyridae) Eurydema ornatum (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Pieridae) Hyper a nigrirostris (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hyper a postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Malachius sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) Mordelhstena sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) Oedemera virescens L. (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phyllotreta ni gripes (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Phyllotreta sp (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Phytoecia vulneris Aurivillius (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Pier is sp. (Lepidoptera Pieridae) Polydrusus marginatus Stephens (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Turkey on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Turkey reared ? on plant Turkey on plant Turkey on plant Greece on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Greece ex root Italy ex root Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy feeding Turkey on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Greece on plant Italy 82 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Psylliodes sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Selenocephalus griseus (F.) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Lactuca viminea (L.) Presl. (Asteraceae) Genus sp. (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Lappa sp. (Asteraceae) Tephritis bardanae (Schrank) on plant Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae) Genus sp (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Egypt Limoniastrum sp. (Plumbaginaceae) Pachybrachys sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Egypt Tephritis bardanae (Schrank) on plant Egypt (Diptera Tephritidae) Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller (Scrophulariaceae) Aelia sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) on plant Greece, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Calophasia casta (Borkhausen) reared Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Calophasia lunula (Hufnagel) reared Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Chrysolina gypsophdae (Kuster) reared Greece, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina inter stincta (Suffrian) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina rossia (Illiger) x gypsophdae (Kuster) reared Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Eteobalea intermediella Riedl reared Greece, Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Eteobalea serratella (Treitschke) reared Greece, Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Eurydema ornatum (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) reared Hungary Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Genus sp. (Diptera Tachinidae) reared Greece Gymnetron antirrhini (Paykull) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Melitaea didyma Esper feeding Greece (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Plagiolepis sp (Hymenoptera Formicidae) on plant Italy Podabrus sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Italy Linaria fastigiata Chav. (Scrophulariaceae) Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) on plant Iran (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Phytoecia vittipennis Reiche feeding Iran (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Linaria genistifolia (L. ) Miller (Scrophulariaceae) Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) on plant Greece, Turkey (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Bruchus dentipes Baudi (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Turkey Calophasia lunula ? (Hufnagel) on plant Romania (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) on plant Greece Leptocera sp. (Diptera Sphaerocephalidae) ex plant Greece Oscinel/a sp (Diptera Chloropidae) ex plant Greece Phytoecia vittipennis Reiche feeding Turkey (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Phytomyza atricornis Meigen reared Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Linaria grandiflora Desf. (Scrophulariaceae) Bruchus brachialis F. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Turkey Phyllotreta sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Turkey Platypalpus sp. (Diptera Empididae) ex plant Turkey Linaria heterophylla Desf. (Scrophulariaceae) Gymnetron netum (Germar) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 84 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Linaria kurdica Boiss. & Hohen (Scrophulariaceae) Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) feeding Turkey (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Linaria sp. (Scrophulariaceae) Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Miridae) Adelphocoris sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Turkey Alleonotus fidvipes (Scopoli) (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Turkey Anaphes sp. (Hymenoptera Mymaridae) on plant Turkey Anthicus sp. (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Turkey Anthocoris nemorum (L.) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) Aplocnemus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Brachycoleus decolor Reuter on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Miridae) Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) feeding Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Bracon osculator ? Nees on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Camponotus lateralis (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Cadiophorus nigerrimus ? Erichson on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Elateridae) Carpocoris mediterraneus T amanini on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Carpocoris pudicus (Poda) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cataglyphis cursor ? (Fonscolombe) on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Chrysolina gypsophdae (Kiister) feeding Bulgaria (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina variolosa Pethena on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysoperla carnea ? (Stephens) on plant Turkey (Neuroptera Chrysopidae) Cicadella hyalina ? (F.) on plant Turkey (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Clytra laeviuscula 9 Ratzenburg on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Coccinellci quinquepunctata L on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Coccinella septempunctata L. on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Coccinelidae) Codophila lunulata (Goeze) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Colotes sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Yugoslavia Coryna scabiosae (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Meloidae) Coryzus hyosciami (L.) (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) on plant Turkey Dcmcicaea ? sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Turkey, Yugoslavia Dictyla echii (Schrank) (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant Turkey Dolycoris baccarum (L.) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Enoplops disciger (Kolenati) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Coreidae) Entedon sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Turkey Eteoba/ea intermediella Riedl reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Eteobalea serratella (Treitschke) on plant Turkey (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Eupelmus sp (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) on plant Yugoslavia Eurygaster mama (L.) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurysarcoris inconspicuus (Herrich-Schaffer) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) on plant Turkey Formica nasuta ? Nylander on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Formicidae) Formica sp. (Hymenoptera Formicidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant T urkey Genus sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Homoptera Aphididae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Sphecidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Vespidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Sphingidae) on plant Turkey Gymnetron netum (Germar) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Heliothis sp. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) on plant Turkey 86 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Leucopis sp. (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) on plant Turkey Lygns pratensis (L.) (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Turkey Lygus rugulipennis Poppius (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Turkey Malthinus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Melithaea didyma Esper reared Turkey (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) Mesochorus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Microplitis scrophulariae ? Szeleny on plant Turkey (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Microplitis variipes ? Ruthe on plant Yugoslavia (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Mylabris quadripimctata (L.) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Meloidae) Nemotelas sp. (Diptera Stratiomyidae) ex stem Turkey Omophlas sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Italy Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum) on plant Turkey, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Paragus sp. (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Turkey Phyllotreta sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Turkey Phytoecia vittipermis Reiche on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Plutella maculipennis Curtis ex plant Turkey (Lepidoptera Plutellidae) Podonta aubei Mulsant (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Turkey Polymerus sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Turkey Rhmocoris iracundus (Poda) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Reduviidae) Rhopalus sp. (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) on plant Turkey Scymnus sp. 1 (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Turkey Scymnus sp. 2 (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Yugoslavia Sphintherns sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) on plant Turkey Spilostethus equestris (L.) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) Spilostethus saxatilis (Scopoli) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpimctata (L.) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Tapinoma sp. (Hymenoptera Formicidae) on plant Turkey Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera Scelionidae) ex flower Turkey Tettigonia ccmdata (Charpenter) on plant Turkey (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae) Linaria striata Dum.-Cours. (Scrophulariaceae) Eteobalea serratella (Treitsckhe) reared France (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Linaria vulgaris Miller (Scrophulariaceae) Attalus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) ex plant Italy Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) reared France, Italy (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared France Bruchidius gilvus (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius unicolor ? (Olivier) ex plant Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Chelonus sp (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Chrysolina rossia (Illiger) reared Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Cymus grandicolor Hahn on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Dacnusa leptogaster Haliday reared France (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Danacaea ? sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) ex plant Italy Diodalus linariae (Winnertz) reared Italy (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) Eteobalea intermediella Riedl reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Eteobalea serratella (Treitschke) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Eupithecia linariata (F.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Apionidae) ex plant Italy Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Gymnetron antirrhini (Paykull) reared Italy 88 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Gymnetron linariae (Panzer) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared France Gymnetron netum (Germar) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Gymnoscelis pnmilata (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared Italy Holcostethus str ictus (F.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Mecinus janthinus (Germar) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Oscinella sp (Diptera Chloropidae) ex plant Italy Phytomyza atricornis Meigen (Diptera Agromyzidae) Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) reared Italy Altica impressicollis Reiche (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Aphthona lutescens (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared Austria, Italy Chrysolina fastuosa (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Chrysolina menthastri (Suffrian) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Dasineura salicariae (Kieffer) reared Austria, Italy, (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) Yugoslavia Galerucella pusilla (Duftschmid) reared Austria, Italy, (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Yugoslavia Hylobius transfer sovittatus (Goeze) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Austria, Italy Lixus iridis (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Lythraria salicariae (Paykull) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Metacanthus meridionalis (Costa) (Hemiptera Berytidae) on plant Europe Nanophyes marmoratus (Goeze) on plant Bulgaria, Hungary, (Coleoptera Apionidae) Italy Rhagonycha fulva (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Italy 89 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Matricharia inodora L. (Asteraceae) Hylemya pullula (Zettersted) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Ononis vaginalis Vahl (Papilionaceae) Tychius sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Egypt Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae) Anthrenus fuscus Olivier on plant Italy (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Yugoslavia Ceratapion carduorum (Kirby) reared Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Greece, Italy Hylemya spinosa Rondani ex stem Italy (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Larinus latus (Herbst) ex seed head Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus car did (Olivier) reared Greece, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Meliboeus amethistinus (Olivier) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Sphaeroderma sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Tephritis postica (Loewe) (Diptera Tephritidae) on plant Yugoslavia Onopordum illyricum L. (Asteraceae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Aspidiotes thalassinus (Schonherr) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus cynarae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Larinus latus (Herbst) ex seed head Greece, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus cardui (Olivier) reared Greece, Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece Meliboeus amethistinus (Olivier) feeding Greece (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Meliboeus violaceus Kiesenwetter on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Buprestidae) 90 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Onopordum sp. (Asteraceae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Amphicoma sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Turkey Carpocoris pudicus (Poda) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Cochylis posterana (Zeller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Cryptocepha/us hypochoeridis (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Diplapion stolidum (Germar) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Dolycons baccarum (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Eurytoma robusta Mayr reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) reared Italy Glciphyrus sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Turkey Graphosoma lineatum (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hylemya spinosa Rondani ex stem Italy (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Larinus cynarae (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Larinus latus (Herbst) ex seed head Greece, Turkey, (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) ex head USSR Italy Li xus an gu status (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus cardui (Olivier) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy, Russia Melanotus tenebrosus (Erichson) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Elateridae) Meliboeus amethistinus (Olivier) on plant USSR (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Muscina stabularis (Fallen) (Diptera Muscidae) ex plant Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Oedemera podagrariae L. (Coleoptera Oedemeridae) on plant Italy Orellia lappae (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Ormyrus punctiger Westwood (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) reared Italy Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Phaonia sp. (Diptera Muscidae) reared Italy Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) reared Italy Sphaeroderma sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Syromastes marginatus (L.) (Hemiptera Coreidae) on plant Italy Tephritis postica (Loewe) (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy, Russia Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Urophora terebrans Loewe (Diptera Tephritidae) reared Italy Vanessa cardni L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) Onopordum tauricum Willd.,(Asteraceae) ex plant Italy Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Italy Cercopis vulnerata (Panzer) (Homoptera Cercopidae) on plant Italy Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Crepidodera ferruginea ? (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Crepidodera sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Deraeocoris schach (F.) (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Italy Larinus scolymi (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Larinus turbinatus (Gyllenhal (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Myelois cribrella (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy 92 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Philaenus spurn ar ins (L.) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phytocoris sp. (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Italy Sitona sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Tephritis postica (Loewe) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Orobanche sp. (Orobancaceae) Genus sp. (Diptera Agromyzidae) reared France Papaver bracteatum L. (Papaveraceae) Anechus bipunctatus (F.) on plant Iran (Dermaptera Forficulidae) Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Iran Chrysolina ? sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Iran Eusomus ? sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Iran Genus sp. (Diptera Sphaerocephalidae) on plant Iran Ipimorpha sp. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) on plant Iran Itoplectis sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Iran Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Iran Otiorhynchus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Iran Phanacis sp. (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) reared Iran Pyrrhocoris apterus (L .) on plant Iran (Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae) Papaver dubium L. (Papaveraceae) Agapanthia cardui (L.) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Aphidius sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) reared Spain Genus sp. (Homoptera Aphididae) on plant Spain Lysiphlebus sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) reared Spain Neoglocianus maculaalba (Herbst) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Papaver fugax Poir. (Papaveraceae) Ay lax papaveris (Perris) reared Iran (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) 93 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Papaver hybridum L. (Papaveraceae) Anoplotettix fuscovenosus (Ferrari) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Aphidius sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) Ethelcus cinnamomeus (Schultze) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Neoglocianus maculaalba (Herbst) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sirocalodes mixtus (Mulsant & Rey) Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Papaver orientate L. (Papaveraceae) Aphrodes sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Brachypterus urticae (F.) (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Carpocoris fuscispinus Boheman (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Chrysolina ? sp (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chrysolina vis/mu ? Hope (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Circulifer sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Diplocolenus sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Dolichopodidae) Genus sp (Diptera Sepsidae) Malachms bipustulatus L (Coleoptera Melyridae) Neoglocianus transcaucasicus (Korotyaev) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Oncotylus viridiflavus (Goeze) (Hemiptera Miridae) Otiorhynchus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Liriomyza sp. (Diptera Agromyzidae) on plant Italy reared Spain reared Italy on plant Spain on plant Portugal on plant Portugal, Spain on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran on plant Iran reared Iran on plant Iran on plant ceae) • Iran feeding Iran on plant Iran 94 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) Agapanthia cardni (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia sp. (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agriotes sp (Coleoptera Elateridae) Anoxia sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Aphidins sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) Athalia glabricollis Thomson (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) Athalia rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) Attagenus sp. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Aylax minor ? Hartig (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Ay lax oraniensis ? Barbotin (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Aylax papaveris (Perris) (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Aylax papaveris ? (Perris) (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Aylax sp. (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Brachyplax palliata (Costa) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Bruchidius seminarius (L.) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchus sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin) (Hemiptera Miridae) Cetonia aurata (L.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Paykull) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus intersetosus Weise (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus leprieuri C Brisout (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus leucorhamma Rosenhauer (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant France, Portugal, Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Spain feeding Italy reared Italy reared Italy reared Italy reared Italy, Morocco reared Italy on plant France, Italy on plant Italy on plant Spain on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant France, Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain on plant Spain on plant Italy, Spain Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Ceutorhynchus picitarsis Gyllenhal on plant Italy, Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus resedae (Marsham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus squamulosus (C. Brisout) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ceutorhynchus tibialis Boheman on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Chrysocharis sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker reared Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Dasineura papaveris ? Winnertz reared Italy (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) Dendrocerus sp. (Hymenoptera Ceraphronidae) reared Italy, Spain Dermestes sp. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Spain Diaeretiella sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) reared Spain Diglyphus sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Ethelcus cinnamomeus (Schultze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Ethelcus denticulatus (Schrank) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Galerucel/a luteola (O F. Muller) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Portugal Genus sp (Coleoptera Byturidae) on plant Spain Genus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Spain Genus sp. (Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae) on plant France Genus sp. (Homoptera Aphididae) on plant Spain Genus sp (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Glocianus distinctus (C Brisout) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Holotrichapion pisi (Coleoptera Apionidae) on plant Spain Involvulus sp. (Coleoptera Attelabidae) on plant Spain Larinus sp (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Spain Leucopis sp (Diptera Chamaemyiidae) ex plant Italy Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Spain Malachius sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy, Spain Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Spain Microplontus rugulosus (Herbst) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 96 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Neoglociamis albovittatus (Germar) on plant Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Neoglociatius maculaalba (Herbst) reared Italy, Portugal, Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Neophilaenus campestris (Fallen) on plant France (Homoptera Cercopidae) Ormyras diffinis (Fonscolombe) reared Italy (Flymenoptera Ormyridae) Philaenus spumarius (L.) on plant Spain (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phytomyza horticola Goureau reared Italy, Spain (Diptera Agromyzidae) Psilothrix cyaneas (Olivier) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Melyridae) Psilothrix sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy, Spain Pteromalus papaveris ? (Forster) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Sirocalodes depressicollis (Marsham) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Stenocarus cardui (Herbst) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens) reared Italy, Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Tettigometra hexaspina Kolenati on plant Yugoslavia (Homoptera Tettigometridae) Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera Diaprididae) reared Spain Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Tropinota hirta (Poda) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Ty chins sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Spain Xylocopa sp. (Hymenoptera Apidae) on plant Italy Papaver setigerum DC. (Papaveraceae) Agapanthia cardui (L.) on plant Portugal (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Agapanthia violacea (F.) on plant Portugal (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Anaspis sp. (Coleoptera Mordellidae) on plant Portugal 97 TabSe 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Ethe/cus denticulatus (Schrank) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Spain Genus sp. (Homoptera Aphididae) on plant Portugal Phdaenus spumarius (L.) on plant Spain (Homoptera Cercopidae) Phytomyza horticola Goureau reared Portugal (Diptera Agromyzidae) Sphaerophoria sp. (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Portugal Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens) on plant Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae) Anthonomus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Chrysocharis sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Diglyphus sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Ethelcus denticulatus (Schrank) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Neoglocianus maculaa/ba (Herbst) reared Romania, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phanacis papaveris ? (Kieffer) reared Italy, Yugoslavia (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Phytomyza horticola Goureau reared Portugal (Diptera Agromyzidae) Potosia cuprea (F.) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Papaver sp. (Papaveraceae) Carpocoris fusci spurns Boheman on plant Iran (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cryptocepha/us concolor ? Suffrian on plant Iran (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gymnetron sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Spain Larinus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Spain Liorhyssus hyalinus (F.) on plant Iran (Hemiptera Rhopalidae) Mecinus sp (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Spain Mogulones geographicus (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 98 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Neoglocianus transcaucasicus (Korotyaev) reared Iran (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Notodermus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Pakistan Sinoxylon sp. (Coleoptera Bostrichidae) on plant Spain Sitona sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Portugal Spermophagus sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Spain Strophomorphus porcelliis (Schonherr) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Strophomorphus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Iran Tettigometra hexaspina Kolenati on plant Iran (Homoptera Tettigometridae) Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) Diplapion stolidum (Germar) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke) on plant France (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Gymnetron pascuorum (Gyllenhal) reared France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pyrausta cespitalis (Denis & Schiffermiiller) on plant France (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) W. Greuter (Asteraceae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fagaceae) Bruchus brachialis (F.) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Rheum rhabarbarum L. (Polygonaceae) Gastroidea viridula (De Geer) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Rumex acetosa L. (Polygonaceae) Chromoderus affinis (O.F. Muller) on plant Poland (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Entedon sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Austria 99 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) on plant Poland (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Gastrophysa viridala (De Geer) feeding Poland (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Hylemya seneciella (Meade) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Noctua pronuba L. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Austria Perapion curtirostre (Germar) on plant Poland (Coleoptera Apionidae) Peritelus sphaeroides Germar on plant France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phratora laticollis (Suffrian) on plant Poland (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Rumex conglomerates Murray (Polygonaceae) Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae) Agonum dorsale (Pontoppidan) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Carabidae) Agrocola lychnidis (Denis & Schiffermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Ametastegia equiseti (Fallen) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae) Anaspis regimbarti Schilsky on plant Italy (Coleoptera Mordellidae) Anthicus antherinus (L.) (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Italy Anthicus instabilis Schmidt on plant Italy (Coleoptera Anthicidae) Apanteles amensis ? Nixon reared Italy (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Apanteles hypantrias Riley reared Italy (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Apatele rumicis (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Aphodnis sp. (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Apion haematodes Kirby (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared France, Switzerland Arctia caja (L.) (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) ex plant Italy An tographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) ex plant Italy Axylia putris (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) on plant Italy 100 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Baris coerulescens (Scopoli) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bithia modesta (Meigen) (Diptera Tachinidae) Boarmia rhomboidaria (Denis & Schiffermiiller) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Brachypteras glaber Stephens (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Bradycellus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) Bruchidius meleagrinus (Gene) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius nudus (Allard) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius quinqueguttatus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius sericatus ? (Germar) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchus guttalis Rey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchus rufipes Herbst (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Calathus fuscipes ? (Olivier) (Coleoptera Carabidae) Calybites phasianipennella (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) Capnodis tenebricosa (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) (Homoptera Cercopidae) Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Chlorocytus laogore (Walker) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Chrysolina banksi (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy reared Italy on plant France, Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy 101 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Chrysolina haemoptera (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Chrysolina rossia (Illiger) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Coccinella septempnnctata L. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Coreus marginatus (L.) (Hemiptera Coreidae) on plant Italy Craspedochaeta pullula (Zetterstedt) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Italy Cryptocephalus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Curculio sa/icivorus Paykull (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Cycloderes canescens (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Dermestes mustelinus Erichson (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Italy Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Italy Dichirotrichus ? sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Bonus crinitus (Boheman) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Dorms philanthus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Donus salviae (Schrank) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Dromius linearis (Olivier) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Dromius sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Ematurga atom aria (L.) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared Italy Endomia tenuicollis (Rossi) (Coleoptera Anthicidae) on plant Italy Enicmus transversus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Latridiidae) on plant Italy Entedon costa/is ? Dalman (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Entedon sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) ex plant Italy Eupithecia centaureata (Denis & Schiffermiiller) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared Italy Eurydema ventrale Kolenati (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy 102 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Forficula pubescens ? Gene on plant Italy (Dermaptera Forficulidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp. (Coleoptera Latridiidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Rhagionidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Neuroptera Chrysopidae) on plant Italy Geocoris sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Gonocephalnm pusillam (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) Gtyllus campestris ? L. (Orthoptera Gryllidae) on plant Italy Gynandrophthalmus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Halictus sp. (Hymenoptera Halictidae) on plant Italy Hedychrum sp. (Hymenoptera Chrysididae) on plant Italy Herophda tristis (F.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) ex plant Italy Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Hoplodrina ambigna (Denis & Schiffermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Hydraecia micacea Esper on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Idaea ochrata (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Idaea seriata (Schrank) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Isomera cinerascens Rondani reared Italy (Diptera Tachinidae) Lacanobia oleracea (L.) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Lachnaea sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Lagria hirta (L.) (Coleoptera Lagriidae) on plant Italy Lasiocampa quercus (L.) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Lasiocampidae) Leptomona erythrocephala (Olivier) on plant France, Portugal (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Limantria dispar (L.) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Lymantriidae) 103 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Lixomorphus algirus (L.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Li xus albomarginatus Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Li xus anguinus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus sanguineus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus vilis ? (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex plant Italy Lycia hi r tar i a Clausen on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Macrocentrus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Poland Megischia curvipes (Brulle) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Alleculidae) Meligethes sp. (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) on plant Italy Microgaster curvicrus ? Thomson reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Microlestes sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Mithimna albipuncta (Denis & Schiffermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Mithimna unipuncta (Hawort) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Mithimna vitellina (Hiibner) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Nepiera collector (Thunberg) reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Noctua comes (Hiibner) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Noctua interjecta (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Noctua pronuba L. (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Norelha spinimana (Fallen) reared Italy, Portugal (Diptera Scatophagidae) Notiophilus quadripunctatus ? (Dejean) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Carabidae) Nysius graminicola (Kolenati) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Olibrus affinis (Sturm) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Phalacridae) Olibrus bicolor ? (F.) (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Italy 104 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Olibrus bisignatus ? Menetries on plant Italy (Coleoptera Phalacridae) Otiorhynchns armatus Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Otiorhynchus cribricollis Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Paederus sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Italy Pedinus femoralis (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) Pegomya bicolor (Wiedemann) reared Italy (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Perapion violaceum (Kirby) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Peridroma saucia (Hubner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Peritelus flavipennis Jacquelin Du Val on plant France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Peritrechus sp (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Phlogophora meticulosa (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Phragmatobia fuliginosa (L.) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) Phyllobius sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Pleurophorus caesus (Creutzer) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Psyllobora vigintiduomaculata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Pterophorus pentadactylus (L.) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae) Pyropteron chrysidiforme (Esper) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae) Quedius sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Italy Rhinoncus pericarpius (L.) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rhizobius litura (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy 105 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Rhizotrogus ciliatus Reiche (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) on plant Italy Rhytideres plicatus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Rogas sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Sacium sp (Coleoptera Orthoperidae) on plant Italy Scatophila sp. (Diptera Ephydridae) on plant Italy Sciapus pallens (Wiedemann) (Diptera Dolichopodidae) on plant Italy Scymnus apetzoides Fiirsch (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus interrupts (Goeze) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus levaillanti Mulsant (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus marginalis (Rossi) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus nigrinus Kugelann (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Silpha obscura L (Coleoptera Silphidae) on plant Italy Simplocaria semi striata (F.) (Coleoptera Byrrhidae) on plant Italy Sitona intermedius Kiister (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona ophthalmicus (Rossi) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona puberulus Reitter (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Sitona puncticollis Stephens (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Smaragdina xanthaspis (Germar) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Spermophagus sericeus (Fourcroy) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Stenosis angustata (Herbst) (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae) on plant Italy 106 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Subcoccinella viginctiquatuorpunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Sympiesis gregori Boucek reared Italy (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Systasis parvula Thomson on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Tachyporus hypnorum (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) Thalpohila matura (Hufnagel) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Timcircha sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Triarthria setipennis (Fallen) on plant Italy (Diptera Tachinidae) Tribliogj-apha sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Trigonidium cicindeloides Rambur on plant Italy (Orthoptera Gryllidae) Trigonidium sp. (Orthoptera Gryllidae) on plant Italy Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Udea ferrugalis (Hubner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Xestia xanthographa (Denis & Schiffermtiller) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Rumex obtusifolius L. (Polygonaceae) Acheta domestica ? (L.) (Orthoptera Gryllidae) on plant Italy A Idea oleracea (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Anacercitagallia sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Ant hi cus anther inus (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Anthicidae) Apion haematodes Kirby reared France, Switzerland (Coleoptera Apionidae) Bembidion proper ans (Stephens) on plant Switzerland (Coleoptera Carabidae) Bradycellus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter on plant France (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) Centeterus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Italy Coreus marginatus (L.) (Hemiptera Coreidae) on plant Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Cryptocephcilus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Dipterygia scabriuscula (L.) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Donus crinitus (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Enrytoma flavimana Boheman on plant France (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) on plant France Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera Tachinidae) reared Italy Formicomus pedestris (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Anthomyiidae) Gastrophysa viridula (De Geer) on plant Switzerland (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Geocoris sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Heterischus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Italy Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Lixus sp (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Microlestes sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Mythimna unipuncta (Hawort) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Nysius graminicola (Kolenati) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Ochropleura plecta (L.) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Olibrus affinis (Sturm) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Phalacridae) Perithecus sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Phlogophora meticidasa (L.) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Phragmatobia fuliginosa (L.) ex plant Italy (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) Polydrusus tibialis Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Protapion nigritarse (Kirby) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Pyropteron chrysidiforme (Esper) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae) 108 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Reichenbachia sp. (Coleoptera Pselaphidae) on plant Italy Rhinoncus pericarpius (L.) reared Italy, Switzerland (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Rhizobius litarci (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Scymnus frontalis (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Stenns sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Italy Tychins cuprifer (Panzer) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Udeaferrugalis (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pvralidae) Rumex pulcher L. (Polygonaceae) Mantura rustica (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant France Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae) Adalia bipunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Agriotes sp. (Coleoptera Elatendae) on plant Italy Amara sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Anaceratagallia sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Andrena sp. (Hymenoptera Andrenidae) on plant Italy Anthicus instabilis Schmidt on plant Italy (Coleoptera Anthicidae) Aop/osce/is bivirgatus (Costa) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Ap hr odes bicinctus (Schrank) on plant Italy (Homoptera Cicadellidae) Aphrodes sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Ascalaphus libellidoides (L.) on plant Italy (Neuroptera Ascalaphidae) Bathysolen nubilus Fallen (Hemiptera Coreidae) on plant Italy Bembidion sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Beosus maritimus (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Bithia modesta (Meigen) (Diptera Tachinidae) reared Italy Bradycellus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Cercyon sp. (Coleoptera Hydrophilidae) on plant Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Cicadella viridis (L.) (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Coccinella undecimpunctata L. on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Corticaria sp. (Coleoptera Latridiidae) on plant Italy Cryptocephcilus connexus Olivier on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Demetrias sp (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Domis philanthus (Olivier) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Drasterius bimaculalus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Elateridae) Dromius sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Drypta dentata (Rossi) (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Emblethis sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Entedon sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared Italy Eurydema oleraceum (L.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Exochus ? sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Gcimrus sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Gastrophysa viridula (DeGeer) feeding Germany, Poland (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ge/is sp (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Dolichopodidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Homoptera Cicadellidae) on plant Italy Geocoris megacephalus (Rossi) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Geotomus punctulatus (Costa) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Cydnidae) Hexarthrum culinaris (Germar) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypocassida subferruginea (Schrank) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Labidostomis sp (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Longi tarsus tabidus (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Meromyza sp (Diptera Chloropidae) on plant Italy 110 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Micrelytra fossularum (Rossi) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Alydiidae) Microlestes sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Micromus angulatus (Stephens) on plant Italy (Neuroptera Hemerobiidae) Nephrotoma crocata (L.) (Diptera Tipulidae) on plant Italy Nephus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Noctua interjecta Hiibner reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Norellia spinimana (Fallen) reared France, Italy (Diptera Scatophagidae) Oleuthreutes lacunana (Denis & Schiffermiiller) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Olibrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant France, Italy Orius minutus (L.) (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) on plant Italy Otiorhynchus dalmatinus Stierlin on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Perapion violaceum (Kirby) feeding Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Phaenoglyphis sp. (Hymenoptera Alloxynidae) on plant France Pherbellia cinerella (Fallen) on plant Italy (Diptera Sciomyzidae) Philonthus concinnus (Gravenhorst) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) Phratora sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Piocoris erythrocephala (Le Peletier & Serville) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Plinthisns brevipennis (Latreille) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Podagrica sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Psylliodes sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Pterostichus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Pyropteron chrysidiforme (Esper) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Sesiidae) Rhinoncus pericarpius (L.) feeding Austria, France, (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Poland Rhiparochromus sp. (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Rhodometra sacraria (L.) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Rogas sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy 111 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Sciapus pallens (Wiedemann) on plant Italy (Diptera Dolichopoidae) Scolopestethus decoratus (Hahn) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Scopula imitaria (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Sitona macularius (Marsham) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Stygnocoris fuligineus (Fourcroy) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Systasis parvula Thomson on plant France, Poland (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Tcichyporus hypnorum (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Staphylinuidae) Tim arc ha tenebricosa (F.) feeding Switzerland (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Trechus sp (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Trichocellus sp. (Coleoptera Carabidae) on plant Italy Salix sp. (Salicaceae) Chlorophamis viridis (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Salsola australis R. Br. (Chenopodiaceae) Anihypurinus ha/oxylico/a Korotyaev feeding Uzbekistan (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus salsolae Becker (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Uzbekistan Salsola kali L. (Chenopodiaceae) Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) on plant Turkey (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Coleophora parthenica Meyrick reared Egypt (Lepidoptera Coleophoridae) Coleophora sp. (Lepidoptera Coleophoridae) on plant Turkey Gymnancyla canella (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) 112 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Li xus salsolae Becker on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Otiorhynchus juvencus Gyllenhal on plant France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Piesma salsolae (Becker) (Hemiptera Tingidae) on plant France, Turkey Salsola sp. (Chenopodiaceae) Altica sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Conorrhynchus kindermanni Faust on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cryptocephalus popidi ? Suffrian feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cryptophagus sp. (Coleoptera Cryptophagidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Russia Genus sp (Coleoptera Ptiliidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Syrphidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Hemiptera Braconidae) on plant Italy Geocoris siculus (Fieber) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Lagria hirta (L.) (Coleoptera Lagriidae) on plant Italy Lixus salsolae Becker (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Turkey Ohbrus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Italy Psylliodes marcida (Illiger) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Temnorrhimis verecimdus (Faust) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Salvia aethiopis L. (Lamiaceae) Gymnetron tetrum (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Yugoslavia Meligethes incanus Sturm on plant Turkey, Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Meligethes pedicularius (Gyllenhal) on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Nitidulidae) Phrydiuchus tau Warner on plant Yugoslavia (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Stagmatophora pomposella (L.) on plant Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera Coleophoridae) Salvia argentea L. (Lamiaceae) Phrydiuchus spilmani Warner on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Salvia limbata C.A. Meyer (Lamiaceae) Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared Iran (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Salvia palaestina Benth. (Lamiaceae) Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) on plant Turkey Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae) Cassida sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Turkey Chrysolina sahlbergi (Menetries) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Salvia verbenaca L. (Lamiaceae) Autographa gamma (L ) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Chrysolina grossa (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Bonus crinitus (Boheman) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hypera zoilus (Scopoli) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phrydiuchus spilmani Warner reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Phytometra sp (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Sitona sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Itaiy Stephanocleonus nigrosuturatus (Goeze) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Udea ferrugalis (Hubner) feeding Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Salvia virgata Jacq. (Lamiaceae) Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallen) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) Saussurea sp. (Asteraceae) Larinas capiomonti Faust on plant Uzbekistan (Coleoptera Curculionidae) 114 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Scabiosa maritima L. (Dipsacaceae) Larimis ursus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Scrophularia canina L. (Scrophulariaceae) Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Berytinus sp. (Hemiptera Berytidae) on plant Italy Coreus marginatus (F.) (Hemiptera Coreidae) on plant Italy Dolycoris sp. (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) on plant Italy Heterogaster urticae (F.) (Hemiptera Lygaeidae) on plant Italy Phymata crassipes ? (F.) (Hemiptera Phymatidae) on plant Italy Spermophagus sericeus (Fourcroy) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Strobilotoma typhaecorne (F.) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Cimicidae) Senecio aethnensis Jan. (Asteraceae) Peridroma sancia (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Senecio cineraria D.C. (Asteraceae) Peridroma saucia (Hiibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Senecio doria L. (Asteraceae) Phytomyza atricornis Meigen reared Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Senecio erraticus Bertol. (Asteraceae) Agapanthia dahli (Richter) ex stem Italy (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) Alophus nidi tans singular is Jacquelin Du Val feeding Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Italy Chaetocnema conducta ? Motschulsky on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Ch/orissa sp. (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared Italy Cochylis atricapitana ? Stephens reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) 115 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Eupithecia centaureata (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera Geometridae) reared France, Italy Galerucella lineola ? (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) ex plant Italy Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Gelis sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Agromyzidae) reared Italy Homoeosoma cretacella Rossner (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) (Diptera Agromyzidae) reared Italy Lixus punctiventris Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Italy Longi tarsus dorsalis (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Longitarsus ganglbaueri ? Heikertinger (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Longitarsus jacobaeae ? Waterhouse (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Longitarsus tabidus ? (F.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared Italy Melanagromyza dettmeri Hering (Diptera Agromyzidae) reared Italy Melanagromyza trifolii ? Spencer (Diptera Agromyzidae) reared Italy Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus (Goeze) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Oulema melanopus (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Italy Pendroma saucia (Hiibner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Phalonia atricapitana ? Stephens (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared Italy Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera Cercopidae) ex plant Italy Phycitodes carlmella (Heinemann) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Italy 116 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Phytodietus sp. reared Italy (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Sitona puncticollis Stephens on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sphenella marginata (Fallen) reared Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Senecio erucifolius L. (Asteraceae) Cacoecimorpha pronubcma (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Senecio jacobaea L. (Asteraceae) Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Switzerland Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared France Bufolncilia silvarnm (Meigen) reared France (Diptera Calliphoridae) Cochylis atricapitana ? (Stephens) reared Germany (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Diglyphosema sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) reared France Ematnrga atomaria (L.) reared France (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Eucosma campoliliana (Denis & Schiffermuller) reared France (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Eumerus sp. (Diptera Syrphidae) feeding France Eupithecia absinthiata (Clerck) reared France (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Eutrias sp. (Hymenoptera Eucoilidae) reared France Exartema sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) reared France Fannia sp. (Diptera Muscidae) on plant France Genus sp. (Diptera Rhagionidae) on plant France Homoeosoma mucidella Ragonot reared Switzerland (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Hylemya brassicae (Wiedemann) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylemya cinerella (Fallen) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylemya coarctata (Fallen) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylemya platura (Meigen) on plant France (Diptera Anthomyiidae) 117 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Hylemya pullula (Zettersted) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylemya radicum (L.) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Hylemya seneciella (Meade) (Diptera Anthomyiidae) Lasioderma baudii Schilsky (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Liriomyza latigenis (Hendel) (Diptera Agromyzidae) Lixus punctiventris Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heokertinger (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Longitarsus jacobaeae ? Waterhouse (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Melanagromyza aeneiventris (Fallen) (Diptera Agromyzidae) Melanagromyza eupatorii Spencer (Diptera Agromyzidae) Melanagromyza trifolii ? Spencer (Diptera Agromyzidae) Olibrus corticalis (Panzer) (Coleoptera Phalacridae) Ophiomya senecionina Hering (Diptera Agromyzidae) Opius sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Orgilus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Oulema melanopus (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Oxyna nebulosa (Wiedemann) (Diptera Tephritidae) Pantomorus cervinus Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Paroxyna tessellata ? (Loew) (Diptera Tephritidae) Phycitodes albatella ? (Ragonot) (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) on plant France on plant France reared France reared Germany reared France reared Germany, Switzerland feeding Switzerland feeding Switzerland on plant reared France, Switzerland France reared Switzerland reared Germany reared France reared France reared reared on plant Switzerland Germany Switzerland reared Switzerland on plant Italy reared France reared France 118 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Type of Country where Plant and associated insect association collected Phytomyza atricornis Meigen reared France (Diptera Agromyzidae) Platyptilia sp. (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae) on plant Italy Psilus sp. (Hymenoptera Diaprididae) reared France Scambas sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Switzerland Sermylassa halensis (L.) ex plant France (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Sitona lineatus (L.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant France Sphaerophoria rueppelli Wiedemann on plant Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Sphenella marginata (Fallen) reared France, Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Temelucha sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Germany Thyria jacobaeae (L.) (Lepidoptera Arctiidae) on plant France Trupanea stellata (Fiissly) reared France, Germany, Italy (Diptera Tephritidae) Senecio nemorensis L. (Asteraceae) Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Senecio sp. (Asteraceae) Sarcophaga sp. (Diptera Sarcophagidae) on plant France Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) Phytomyza atricornis Meigen reared Italy (Diptera Agromyzidae) Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (Asteraceae) Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Bruchidius sp. (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Carpocoris mediterraneus T amanini on plant Italy (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Cassida deflorata ? Suffrian feeding Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cassida vibex ? L. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) reared Italy Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) ex head Greece (Coleoptera Apionidae) 119 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Ceratapion scalptum (Mulsant & Rey) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Cercopia sp. (Homoptera Cercopidae) Cmphasia sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Genus sp (Hemiptera Coreidae) Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lamms cynarae (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lamms sturnus (Schaller) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lasioderma sp. (Coleoptera Anobiidae) Li xus angustatus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Lixus filiformis (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) (Lepidoptera Cosmopterygidae) Rhinocyl/us conicus (Frolich) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Timarcha sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Vanessa cardui L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) Spartium junceum L. (Papilionaceae) Apopestes spectrum (Esper) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) Bracon piger Westwood (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Diglyphus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Exapion fuscirostre (F.) (Coleoptera Apionidae) Tamarix africana Poiret (Tamaricaceae) Coniatus repandus (F .) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coniatus tamarisci (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Corimalia pallida (Olivier) (Coleoptera Apionidae) reared Italy on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy reared Italy on plant Greece, Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy on plant Italy reared Italy reared Greece, Italy on plant Italy feeding Turkey reared Greece reared Italy reared Greece reared Italy on plant France on plant France on plant France 120 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of Country where association collected Corimalia tamarisci (Gyllenhal) on plant France (Coleoptera Apionidae) Tamarix gallica L. (Tamaricaceae) Agdistis tamaricis (Zeller) on plant France (Lepidoptera Ptrophoridae) Coniatus repandus (F .) on plant France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coniatus tamarisci (F.) on plant France, Italy, Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Corimalia tamarisci (Gyllenhal) on plant France (Coleoptera Apionidae) Stilosomus tamaricis Herrich-Schaffer on plant France (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Teleiodes angustipennis (Rebel) on plant France (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Tamarix parviflora D.C. (Tamaricaceae) Phyllobius etruscus Desbrochers on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. (Tamaricaceae) Brachyunguis tamaricis (Lichtenstein) on plant France (Homoptera Aphididae) Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge (Tamaricaceae) Allomalia quadrivirgata (Costa) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Apionidae) Liocleonus clathratus (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Psectrosema sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) on plant Turkey Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae) Adalia bipunctata (L.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Adalia sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Allomalia quadrivirgata (Costa) on plant Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Aurigena lugubris (F.) ex plant Greece (Coleoptera Buprestidae) Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Bruchidius bimaculatus ? (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius imbricornis ? (Panzer) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Bruchidius nudus (Allard) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Bruchidae) Cantharis sp. (Coleoptera Cantharidae) on plant Turkey Cardiastethus pseudococci Wagner on plant Italy (Hemiptera Anthocoridae) Ceratina sp. (Hymenoptera Anthoporidae) on plant Turkey Cheumatopsyche lepida (Pictet) on plant Turkey (Trixoscelidae Hydropsychidae) Chloebius sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant China Chlorophanus excisus (F.) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cnephasia sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on plant Italy Coccinella septempunctata L. on plant Italy, Turkey (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) Coniatus repandus (F.) on plant France, Spain (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coniatus sp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae) reared Greece, Italy Coniatus splendidulus (F.) reared Greece (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coniatus suavis Gyllenhal on plant Spain, France, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coniatus tamarisci (F.) on plant France, Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Coniatus tamarisci ? (F.) on plant Israel (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Corimalia pallida (Olivier) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Apionidae) Corimalia tamarisci (Gyllenhal) on plant Italy, Spain , (Coleoptera Apionidae) Corticaria ? sp. (Coleoptera Latridiidae) on plant Italy Cryptocephalus macellus ? SufFrian on plant Italy (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Cteniopus sp. (Coleoptera Alleculidae) on plant Turkey Desmometopam-nigrum (Zettersted) on plant Turkey (Diptera Milichiidae) Diadegma sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on plant Italy 122 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Dibmchoides dynastes (Forster) reared Greece (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Diorhabda elongata Brulle on plant Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Diorhabda sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Turkey Dolycoris baccarum (L.) on plant Turkey (Hemiptera Pentatomidae) Drapetis sp. (Diptera Empididae) on plant Italy Ephedrus sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) on plant France Eutetrastichus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Coleoptera Bruchidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy, Romania Genus sp. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Italy Genus sp (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Phalacridae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Dermaptera Forficulidae) on plant Italy Genus sp. (Diptera Chironomidae) on plant Turkey Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) on plant Romania Genus sp. (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) on plant Italy Globicornis sp. (Coleoptera Dermestidae) on plant Turkey Gynmetron pascuorum Gyllenhal on plant France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hylemya sp. (Diptera Anthomyiidae) on plant Turkey Hypophyes pallidulus (Gravenhorst) on plant France, Italy (Coleoptera Apionidae) Lisiphlebus sp. (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) on plant France Malachius aeneus (L.) (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Turkey Malachius sp. (Coleoptera Melyridae) on plant Turkey Megalodactylus maculatus (Mulsant & Rey) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Miridae) Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr) on plant Italy (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Mesopolobus sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) on plant Italy Mesopolobus sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Greece Metedeterus sp. (Diptera Dolichopodidae) on plant Italy Microphorus sp. (Diptera Empididae) on plant Turkey Minettia plumicornis (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Lauxanidae) Nabis viridis Brulle (Hemiptera Nabidae) on plant Turkey 123 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Nectelphusa sp. (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) reared Greece Orthellia caesarion (Meigen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Calliphoridae) Otiorhynchus cribricollis Gyllenhal on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Pachybrachys sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) on plant Turkey Pantomorus cervinus Boheman on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Platypalpus sp. (Diptera Empididae) on plant Turkey Psectrosema sp. (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) reared Italy Pteromalus sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Greece Pteromalus sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) reared Greece Salebna ? sp. (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) reared Greece Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) on plant Italy Semiothisa aestimaria ? (Hiibner) reared Greece (Lepidoptera Geometridae) Stylosomus tamaricis ? on plant Greece (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) Torymus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) on plant Italy Trixoscelis frontalis (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Trixoscelidae) Trixoscelis obscurella (Fallen) on plant Turkey (Diptera Trixoscelidae) Tuponia hyppophaes (Fieber) on plant Italy (Hemiptera Miridae) Tuponia tamarisci (Perris) (Hemiptera Miridae) on plant Italy Valgus hemipterus (L.) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae) Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) Microlarinus lareynii (Jacquelin Du Val) reared Greece, Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Microlarinus lypriformis (Wollaston) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Sarcophaga balanina Pandelle on plant Italy (Diptera Muscidae) Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae) Larinus jaceae (F ) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) ex dry head Greece 124 Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Country where collected Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) Inachis io (L.) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) reared Italy Parethelcus pollinarius (Forster) reared Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. (Scrophulariaceae) Agriphila tristella (Denis & Schiffermtiller) on plant Italy (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) Nothris verbascel/a (Htibner) reared Italy (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) Verbascum sp. (Scrophulariaceae) Asphondylia verbasci (Vallot) on plant Turkey (Diptera Cecidomyiidae) Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cionus hortulamis (Fourcroy) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cionus olivieri Rosenschold on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cionus thapsus (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Uzbekistan Cleopus solani (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) feeding Italy Cucullia verbasci (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Gymnetron asellus (Gravenhorst) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Gymnetron bipustulatum (Rossi) on plant Turkey (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Gymnetron tetrum (F.) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Hyposoter sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae) Cionus longicollis montanus Wingelmuller on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Cucullia verbasci (L.) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) reared Italy Gymnetron asellus (Gravenhorst) on plant Italy (Coleoptera Curculionidae) Gymnetron tetrum (F.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on plant Italy Hyposoter sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) reared Italy Longitarsus sp. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) feeding Italy Table 1. Selected plants and associated insects, type of association, and country where collected (continued) Plant and associated insect Type of association Microplitis sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) reared Nothris verbascella (Hubner) reared (Lepidoptera Gelechidae) Country where collected Italy Italy 126 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them Insects Associated weeds COLEOPTERA Alleculidae Cteniopus sp. Cardaria draba Tamar ix sp. Genus sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Convolvulus althaeoides Euphorbia cyparissias Papaver rhoeas Megischia curvipes (Brulle) Rumex crispus Omophlus flavipennis ? Kuster Cardaria draba Omophlus sp. Linaria sp. Omophlus syriacus Mulsant Cardaria draba Podonta aubei Mulsant Linaria sp. Podonta nigrita (F.) Cardaria draba Carduus pycnocephalus Podonta sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea solstitialis Euphorbia seguierana Anobiidae Lasioderma baudii Schilsky Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus tenuiflorus Cirsium sp. Cynara scolymus Senecio jacobaea Lasioderma haemorrhoidale ? (Illiger) Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis 127 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Lasioderma obscurum ? Solsky Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Centaurea bracteata Centaurea solstitialis Lasioderma redtenbacheri (Bach) Centaurea solstitialis Lasioderma redtenbacheri ? Bach Carthamus tinctorius Crupina vulgaris Lasioderma serricorne (F.) Carduus nutans Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea diffusa Centaurea jacea Centaurea napifolia Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Lasioderma sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus micropterus Carduus nutans Carduus sp. Carduus thoermeri Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea bracteata Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium creticum Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum Oligomerus ptilinoides (Wollaston) Carduus nutans Stegobium paniceum (L.) Crupina vulgaris Xyletinus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Anthicidae Anthicus antherinus (L.) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius 128 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Anthicus instab ilis Schmidt Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Anthicus sp. Linaria sp. Endomia tenuicollis (Rossi) Rumex crispus Formicomus pedestris (Rossi) Rumex obtusifolius Formicomns sp. Convolvulus arvensis Genus sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Euphorbia sp. Notoxus appendicinus Desbrochers Euphorbia esula Apionidae Acanephodus onopordi (Kirby) Carduus acanthoides Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carthamus lanatus Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea maculosa Centaurea solstitialis Onopordum sp. Onopordum tauricum Silybum marianum Acanephodus orientale (Gerstacker) Centaurea solstitialis Acanephodus robusticornis (Desbrochers) Centaurea sp. Allomalia quadrivirgata (Costa) Tamarix smyrnensis Tamarix sp. Apion frumentarium (L.) Carduus macrocephalus 129 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Apion haematodes Kirby Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Catapion curtulum (Desbrochers) Carduus nutans Catapion seniculus (Kirby) Carduus nutans Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger) Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea solstitialis Ceratapion beckeri (Desbrochers) Crupina vulgaris Ceratapion carduorum (Kirby) Onopordum acanthium Ceratapion gibbirostre (Gyllenhal) Carduus acanthoides Carduus candicans Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus sp. Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Silybum marianum Ceratapion penetrans (Germar) Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea diffusa Centaurea sp. Convolvulus arvensis Echinops sp. Ceratapion robusticore (Desbrochers) Centaurea nicaensis Ceratapion scalptnm (Mulsant & Rey) Carthamus lanatus Carthamus tinctorius Silybum marianum Ceratapion sp. Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Cirsium vulgare 130 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Ceratapion sp. (continued) Convolvulus arvensis Cynara scolymus Verbascum thapsus Corimalia pallida (Olivier) Tamarix sp. Corimalia tamarisci (Gyllenhal) Tamarix africana Tamarix gal/ica Tamarix sp. Diplapion detritum (Mulsant & Rey) Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Diplapion stolidum (Germar) Carthamus dentatus Carthamus lanatus Centaurea solstitialis Echinops sp. Onopordum sp. Exapion formaneki ? (Wagner) Genista sagittalis Genista sp. Exapion fuscirostre (F.) Cytisus scoparius Spartium junceum Genus sp. Linaria vulgaris Holotrichapion pisi (F.) Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Papaver rhoeas Hypohyes pallidulus (Gravenhorst) Tamarix sp. Kalcapion semivittatum (Gyllenhal) Amaranthus sp. Nanophyes marmoratus (Goeze) Lythrum salicaria Perapion curtirostre (Germar) Rumex acetosa Perapion violaceum (Kirby) Rumex crispus Rumex sp. 131 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Protapion dissimile (Germar) Convolvulus sp. Protapion nigritcirse (Kirby) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex obtusifolius Protapion trifolii (L.) Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus sp. Psendoprotapion astragali (Paykull) Carduus nutans Ga/actites tomentosa Squamapion elongatum (Germar) Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium vulgare Attelabidae Attelabus nitens Scopoli Carduus macrocephalus Involvulus sp. Papaver rhoeas Bostrichidae Sinoxylon sp. Papaver sp. Bruchidae Bruchidius bimaculatus ? (Olivier) Cardaria draba Convolvidus althaeoides Tamarix sp. Bruchidius gilvus (Gyllenhal) Cardaria draba Linaria vulgaris Bruchidius imbricornis ? (Panzer) Cardaria draba Tamarix sp. Bruchidius meleagrinus (Gene) Rumex crispus Bruchidius mordelloides (Baudi) Cardaria draba 132 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Bruchidius nudns (Allard) Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Tamarix sp. Brachidius nudus ? (Allard) Cardaria draba Bruchidius obscuricollis (Gyllenhal) Centaurea nicaensis Bruchidius quinqueguttatus (Olivier) Cardaria draba Rumex crispus Bruchidius seminarius (L.) Cytisus scoparius Papaver rhoeas Bruchidius seminarius ? (L.) Convolvulus althaeoides Bruchidius sericatus ? (Germar) Rumex crispus Bruchidius sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Papaver bracteatum Rumex crispus Silybum marianum Bruchidius sp. 1 Centaurea calcitrapa Bruchidius sp. 2 Centaurea calcitrapa Bruchidius tuberculatus (Hochhut) Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Bruchidius unicolor ? (Olivier) Linaria vulgaris Bruchidius varius (Olivier) Centaurea solstitialis 133 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Bruchus brachialis (F.) Linaria grandiflora Quercus pubescens Bruchus dentipes Baudi Linaria genisdfolia Bruchus ervi Frolich Cardaria draba Bruchus guttalis Rey Rumex crispus Bruchus lends Frolich Cardaria draba Bruchus pisorum (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Bruchus rufimanus Boheman Cardaria draba Bruchus rufipes Herbst Cardaria draba Carduus pycnocephalus Rumex crispus Bruchus signadcornis Gyllenhal Euphorbia polychroma Bruchus sp. Papaver rhoeas Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carthamus dnctorius Convolvulus an>ensis Tamarix sp. Spermophagus kuesteri S chi 1 sky Convolvulus arvensis Spermophagus sericeus (Fourcroy) Centaurea solsddalis Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia salicifolia Rumex crispus Scrophularia canina Spermophagus sp. Convolvulus althaeoides Convolvulus arvensis Papa\>er sp. 134 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Spermophagus variolosopunctatus Gyllenhal Convolvulus althaeoides Buprestidae Agrilus biguttatus (F.) Cytisus scoparius Anthaxia sp. Galactites tomentosa Aurigena lugubris (F.) Tamarix sp. Capnodis sp. Carduus macrocephalus Capnodis tenebricosa (Olivier) Rumex crispus Deudora sp. Centaurea diffusa Genus sp. Carlina corymbosa Me/iboeus amethystinus (Olivier) Onopordum acanthium Onopordum illyricum Onopordum sp. Sphenoptera sp. Convolvulus althaeoides Trachys puncticollis obscurella Obenberger Convolvulus arvensis Trachys sp. Convolvulus arvensis Trachys troglodytes Gyllenhal Convolvulus arvensis Byrrhidae Simplocaria semi striata (F.) Rumex crispus Byturidae Genus sp. Papaver rhoeas Cantharidae Cantharis fusca ? (L.) Euphorbia virgata 135 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cantharis sp. Cardnus macrocepha/us Carduns nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Cirsium sp. Convolvulus althaeoides Onopordum acanthium Rumex crispus Tamarix sp. Cantharis sp. 1 Cardaria draba Cantharis sp. 2 Cardaria draba Cantharis sp. 3 Cardaria draba Malthinus sp. 1 Cardaria draba Malthinus sp. 2 Cardaria draba Podabrus sp. Linaria da/matica Rhagonycha fulva (Scopoli) Lythrum salicaria Rhagonycha sp. Cardaria draba Carabidae Agonum dorsale (Pontoppidan) Rumex crispus Amara sp. Rumex sp. Bembidion properans Stephens Rumex obtusifolius Bembidion sp. Rumex sp. Brachinus sp Carduus nutans Bradycel/us sp. Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. 136 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Calathus fuscipes (Olivier) Carduus nutans Calathus fuscipes ? (Olivier) Rumex crispus Calathus mollis (Stroem) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Calosoma sycophanta (L.) Centaurea diffusa Demetrias atricapillus (L.) Carduus nutans Demetrias sp. Rumex sp. Dichirotrichus ? sp. Rumex crispus Dromius linearis (Olivier) Rumex crispus Dromius sp. Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Drypta dentata (Rossi) Rumex sp. Gynandrophtalmus sp. Rumex crispus Harpalus sp. Carduus nutans Carduus vivariensis Metabletus sp. Carduus nutans Microlestes sp. Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. Notiophilus quadripunctatus ? (Dejean) Rumex crispus Pterostichus sp. Rumex sp. Trechus sp. Rumex sp. Trichocellus sp. Rumex sp. 137 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cerambycidae Agapanthia cardui (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocepha/us Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Galactites tomentosa Papaver dubium Papaver rhoeas Papaver setigerum Agapanthia dahli (Richter) Cardaria draba Carduus acanthoides Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium canum Galactites tomentosa Onopordum illyricum Senecio erraticus Agapanthia leucaspis (Steven) Centaurea solstitialis Isatis tinctoria Agapanthia sp. Centaurea diffusa Convolvulus arvensis Papaver rhoeas Agapanthia villosoviridescens (DeGeer) Carduus pycnocepha/us Agapanthia violacea (F.) Papaver setigerum Calamobius filam (Rossi) Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Certallum ebulinum (L.) Boreava sp. Certallum sp. Cardaria draba Clytus arietis (L.) Cardaria draba Dorcadion sp. Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis 138 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Genus sp. Linaria genistifolia Herophila tristis (F.) Rumex crispus Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) Centaurea diffusa Oberea donce/ii ? Pic Euphorbia esu/a Ob ere a erythrocephala (Schrank) Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia esu/a Euphorbia gerardiana Euphorbia iberica Euphorbia virgata Oberea euphorbiae (Germar) Euphorbia palustris Oberea linearis (L.) Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia sp. Oberea sp. Car duus macrocephalus Euphorbia sp. Parmena sp. Centaurea cineraria Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank) Salvia verbenaca Phytoecia scapularis (Chevrolat) Centaurea solstitialis Phytoecia virgula (Charpentier) Centaurea solstitialis Phytoecia vittipennis (Reiche) Linaria fastigiata Linaria genistifolia Linaria sp. Phytoecia vnlneris Aurivillius I satis tinctoria Stenurella bisignata (Brulle) Euphorbia seguierana Vadonia unipunctata (F.) Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia sp. Chrysomelidae Agelastica alni (L.) Euphorbia lathyris 139 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Altica brevicollis ? Foudras Cardaria draba Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville Cirsium arvense Cirsium vulgare Altica impressicollis Reiche Lythrum salicaria Altica oleracea (L.) Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia virgata Rumex obtusifolius Altica oleracea ? (L.) Calistegia saepium Convolvulus althaeoides Convolvulus ar\>ensis Altica sp. Salsola sp. Aphthona abdominalis (Duftschmid) Euphorbia esula Aphthona bonvouloiri sicelidis Weise Euphorbia polychroma ? Aphthona chine hi hi Chen Euphorbia esula Aphthona cyparissiae (Koch) Euphorbia cyparissias Aphthona czwalinae Weise Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia esula Aphthona flava Guillebeau Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia esula Aphthona illigeri Bedel Euphorbia sp. Aphthona lacertosa Rotschild Euphorbia virgata Aphthona lutescens (Gyllenhal) Lythrum salicaria Aphthona nigriscutis Foudras Euphorbia esula Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia sp. Aphthona ovata Foudras Euphorbia cyparissias Aphthona pygmaea Kutschera Euphorbia sp. 140 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Aphthona pygmaea ? Kutschera Euphorbia myrsinites Aphthona seriata Chen Euphorbia esula Aphthona sinilica Chen Euphorbia sp. Aphthona sp. Cardaria draba Aphthona venustula Kutschera Euphorbia amygdaloides Euphorbia characias Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia esula Arima marginata F. Centaurea solstitialis Asiorestia sp. Euphorbia esula Aspidolopha ? sp. Cardaria draba Cassida atrata F. Convolvulus arvensis Cassida deflorata ? Suffrian Silybum marianum Cassida denticollis Suffrian Centaurea solstitialis Cassida margaritaceae Schaller Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Cassida nebulosa L. Chenopodium album Cassida rubiginosa O F. Muller Centaurea solstitialis Cassida rubiginosa ? O F. Muller Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus sp. Convolvulus ar\>ensis Cassida sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense 141 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cassida sp. (continued) Convolvidus arvensis Onopordum sp. Rnmex crispus Salvia sp. Cassida vibex L. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus pycnocephalns Cassida vibex ? L Silybum mariannm Cassida viridis L Carduus macrocephalus Carduus pycnocephalus Cassida vittata ? Villiers Convolvidus arvensis Cassida weidmanni Chapuis Convolvulus arvensis Chaetocnema concinna (Marsham) Centaurea solstitialis Chaetocnema conducta ? (Motsohulsky) Cardaria draba Senecio erraticus Chaetocnema sp. Cardaria draba Euphorbia esula Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger) Rumex crispus Chaetocnema tibialis ? (Illiger) Centaurea solstitialis Chrysochloa sp. Convolvulus arvensis Chrysochloa tristis (F ) Centaurea nigra Chrysochus chinensis Baly Euphorbia sp. Chrysohna affinis ? (F.) Carduus nutans Chrysolina banksi (F.) Centaurea solstitialis Cynara scolymus Rumex crispus Chrysohna banksi ? (F.) Convolvulus arvensis Chrysolina fastuosa (L.) Euphorbia virgata Lythrum salicaria 142 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Chrysolina grossa (F.) Carduus pycnocephalus Salvia verbenaca Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kiister) Linaria dalmatica Linaria seonica Linaria sp. Chrysolina haemoptera (L.) Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Chrysolina hyperici (Forster) Carduus nutans Hypericum sp. Chrysolina inter stincta (Suffrian) Linaria dalmatica Chrysolina lepida (Olivier) Carduus nutans Chrysolina menthastri (Suffrian) Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Lythrum salicaria Chrysolina rossia (Illiger) Linaria vulgaris Rumex crispus Chrysolina rossia x gypsophilae Linaria dalmatica Chrysolina sahlbergi (Menetries) Salvia sp. Chrysolina sp. Carduus macrocephalus Euphorbia seguierana Linaria vulgaris Chrysolina ? sp. Cytisus scoparius Papaver bracteatum Papaver orientale Chrysolina variolosa Pethena Linaria sp. Chrysolina vernalis (Brulle) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Chrysolina vishnu ? Hope Papaver orientale Clytra atraphaxidis ? (Pallas) Centaurea repens 143 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Clytra laeviuscula ? Ratzenburg Clytra sp. eolaphellus noefti Menetries Colaphellus sophiae (Schaller) Colaphus ? sp. Coptocephala chalibea ? Germar Coptocephala sp. Crepidodera crassicornis Sanderman Crepidodera ferruginea ? (Scopoli) erepidodera sp. Crepidodera transversa ? (Marsham) Cryptocephalus concolor ? Suffrian Cryptocephalus connexus Olivier Cryptocephalus flavipes (F.) Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.) Cryptocephalus macellus ? Suffrian Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian Cryptocephalus populi ? Suffrian Cryptocephalus signaticollis Suffrian Associated weeds Linaria sp. Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Cardaria draba Cardana draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Centaurea repens Euphorbia virgata Onopordum tauricum Onopordum tauricum Carduus nutans Papaver sp. Rumex sp. Euphorbia esula Carduus litigiosus Carduus nutans Carduus sanctaebalmae Carduus tenuiflorus Onopordum sp. Tamarix sp. Euphorbia esula Salsola sp. Chondrilla juncea 144 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cryptocephalus sp. Car duu s pycnocephalus Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia esula Euphorbia iberica Euphorbia sp. Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Diaclispa testacea (L.) Carduus nutans Diorhabda elongata Brulle Tamarix sp. Diorhabda sp. Tamarix sp. Entomoscelis adonidis ? (Pallas) Cardaria draba Glaucium sp. Exosoma lusitanicum (L.) Convolvulus althaeoides Galernca daurica ? Joannisiani Cardaria draba Galeruca littoralis (F.) Centaurea diffusa Galeruca rufa (Germar) Convolvulus arvensis Galeruca sp. Carduus nutans Galeruca tanaceti (L.) Carduus nutans Carduus tenuiflorus Galerucella lineola ? (F.) Senecio erraticus Galerucella luteola (O F. Muller) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Papaver rhoeas Galerucella pusilla (Duftschmid) Lythrum salicaria Gastrophysa polygon i (L.) Calistegia saepium Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Convolvulus arvensis Cynara scolymus 145 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Gastrophysa polygoni (L.) (continued) Rumex acetosa Rumex crispus Senecio erraticus Silybum marianum Gastrophysa viridula (DeGeer) Rheum rhabarbarum Rumex acetosa Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. Genus A sp. Euphorbia sp. Genus B sp Euphorbia sp. Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitia/is Convolvulus arvensis I satis tinctoria Linaria sp. Onopordum acanthium Salsola sp. Gonioctema olivacea (Forster) Cytisus scoparius Hypocassida meridionalis ? (Suffrian) Convolvulus arvensis Hypocassida subferruginea (Schrank) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex sp. Hypocassida subferruginea ? (Schrank) Convolvulus arvensis Labidostomis sp. Rumex sp. Lachnaea sp. Rumex crispus Lema cyanella (L.) Cirsium arvense Leptomona erythrocepha/a (Olivier) Rumex crispus Longitarsus dorsalis (F.) Senecio erraticus Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea 146 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Longitarsus ganglbaueri ? Heikertinger Senecio erraticus Longi tarsus jacobaeae ? (Waterhouse) Carduus nutans Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea Longitarsus longipennis ? Kutschera Convolvulus arvensis Longitarsus nasturtii ? (F.) Convolvulus arvensis Longitarsus pellucidus (Foudras) Convolvulus arvensis Longitarsus picicornis ? Weise Carduus pycnocephalus Longitarsus sp. Centaurea calcitrapa Convolvolus arvensis Euphorbia esula Papaver bracteatum Senecio jacobaea Verbascum thapsus Longitarsus sp. 1 Centaurea solstitialis Longitarsus sp. 2 Centaurea solstitialis Longitarsus suturellus ? (Duftschmid) Cardaria draba Longitarsus tabidus (F.) Rumex sp. Longitarsus tabidus ? (F.) Senecio erraticus Lythraria sa/icariae (Paykull) Lythrum salicaria Mantura rustica (L.) Rumex pidcher Oulema melanopus (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Convolvulus arvensis Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea Pachybrachis sp. Euphorbia sp. Limoniastrum sp. Phyllotreta consobrina ? Curtis Convolvolus arvensis 147 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Phyllotreta nigripes (F.) Convolvolus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Phyllotreta sp. Boreava sp. Cardaria draba Isatis tinctoria Linaria grandiflora Linaria sp. Phyllotreta striolata ? (F.) Cardaria draba Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera Euphorbia esula Phyllotreta undulata ? Kutschera Cardaria draba Podagrica malvae (Illiger) Carduus nutans Podagrica malvae ? (Illiger) Convolvulus arvensis Podagrica sp. Rumex sp. Psylliodes attenuata (Koch) Euphorbia salicifolia Psylliodes chalcomera (Illiger) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Ga/actites tomentosa Psylliodes circumdata (W. Redtenbacher) Euphorbia esula Psylliodes glabra L. Redtenbacher Convolvulus arvensis Psylliodes hyoscyami (L.) Centaurea solstitialis Psylliodes marcida (Illiger) Salsola sp. Psylliodes napi (F.) Euphorbia esula Psylliodes sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus ar\>ensis Euphorbia esula Isatis tinctoria Rumex sp. 148 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Sermylassa halensis (L.) Senecio jacobaea Smaragdina sp. Convolvulus arvensis Smaragdina xanthaspis (Germar) Rumex crispus Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells) Carduus nutans Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea jacea Centaurea solstitialis Cynara scolymus Sphaeroderma sp. Carduus macrocephalus Onopordum acanthium Onopordum sp. Sphaeroderma testaceum (L.) Carduus nutans Sphaeroderma testaceum ? Weise Convolvulus arvensis Stylosomus tamaricis ? Tamarix sp. Timarcha sp. Rumex crispus Silybum marianum Timarcha tenebricosa (F.) Rumex sp. Cleridae Trichodes sp. Cardaria draba Coccinellidae Adalia bipunctata (L.) Rumex sp. Tamarix sp. Adalia sp. Tamarix sp. Coccinella quinquepunctata L. Linaria sp. Coccinella septempunctata L. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Cynara scolymus 149 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Coccinella septempunctata L. (continued) Linaria sp. Ramex crispus Tamarix sp. Coccinella undecimpimctata L. Rumex sp. Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata (L.) Cardaria draba Exochomus bipustidatus (L.) Cardans nutans Exochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze) Cardaria draba Genus sp. Cardans macrocephalus Cardans nutans Convolvulus arvensis Papaver rhoeas Tamarix sp. Henosepilachna elaterii (Rossi) Convolvulus arvensis Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Euphorbia sp. Linaria sp. Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Nephns sp. Rumex sp. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) Carduus nutans Euphorbia cyparissias Psyllobora vigintiduomaculata (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Rhizobius litura (F.) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea napifolia Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Scymnus apetzi Mulsant Cardaria draba 150 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Scymnus apetzoides Ftirsch Rumex crispus Scymnus frontalis (F.) Carduus nutans Car duns pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Scymnus interrupts (Goeze) Cardaria draba Rumex crispus Scymnus levaillanti Mulsant Rumex crispus Scymnus marginalis (Rossi) Rumex crispus Scymnus mimulus Capra & Fiirsch Centaurea solstitialis Scymnus nigrinus Kugelann Rumex crispus Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze) Rumex crispus Scymnus sp. Centaurea bracteata Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Rumex sp. Tamarix sp. Scymnus sp. 1 Cardaria draba Linaria sp. Scymnus sp. 2 Cardaria draba Linaria sp. Scymnus sp. 3 Cardaria draba Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (L.) Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Cynara scolymus Linaria sp. Rumex crispus Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (L.) Rumex crispus 151 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cryptophagidae Cryptophagus sp. Cardaria draba Salsola sp. Curculionidae Acalles diocletianus (Germar) Acalles dromedarius Boheman Acentnis histrio (Faldermann) Alcidodes sp. Allomalia quadrivirgata (Costa) Alophus nictitans singularis Jacquelin DuVal Anthonomus sp. Aspidiotes thalassinus (Schonherr) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea napifolia Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Cynara scolymus Galactites tomentosa Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea cineraria Centaurea napifolia Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sphaerocephala Cynara scolymus Glaucium flavum Glaucium sp. Ipomea hispida Tamar ix smyrnensis Bunge Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Galactites tomentosa Senecio erraticus Papaver somniferum Centaurea solstitialis Onopordum illyricum 152 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Bangasternus fausti (Reitter) Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Bangasternus orientalis (Capiomont) Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Verbascum sp. Bangasternus planifrons (Brulle) Carthamus dentatus Carthamus lanatus Carthamus tinctorius Bangasternus provincialis (Fairmaire) Centaurea deusta Centaurea jacea Bans artemisiae (Herbst) Centaurea diffusa Baris coerulescens (Scopoli) Carduus macrocephalus Rumex crispus Baris fallax C Brisout Isatis tinctoria Baris sp. Galactites tomentosa Bans timida (Rossi) Carduus pycnocephalus Catapionus ? sp. Euphorbia sp. Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Paykull) Cardaria draba Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus caietani (Colonnelli) Erysimum pseudorbaeticum Ceutorhynchus contractus (Marsham) Cardaria draba Ceutorhynchus erysimi (F.) Centaurea solstitialis Ceutorhynchus intersetosus Weise Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus leprieuri C. Brisout Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus leucorhamma Rosenhauer Papaver rhoeas 153 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham) Carduus macrocephalus Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus picitarsis Gyllenhal Centaurea solstitialis Isatis tinctoria Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus resedae (Marsham) Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus rusticus Gyllenhal Isatis tinctoria Ceutorhynchus squamulosus C. Brisout Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus tibialis Boheman Papaver rhoeas Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze Cardaria draba Chloebius sp. Tamarix sp. Chlorophanus excisus (F.) Tamarix sp. Chlorophanus viridis (L.) Salix sp. Chromoderus affinis (Schrank) Rumex acetosa Cionus clairvillei Boheman Centaurea solstitialis Cionus hortulanus (Fourcroy) Carduus pycnocephalus Verbascum sp. Cionus longicollis montanus Wingelmuller Verbascum thapsus Cionus olens (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Cionus thapsus (F.) Carduus nutans Verbascum thapsus Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) Arctium minus Carduus acanthoides Carduus ede/bergii Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans 154 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cleonis pigra (Scopoli) (continued) Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Cirsium arvense Cirsium sp. Cirsium vulgare Onopordum tauricum Cleopus solani (F.) Verbascum sp. Coniatus repandus (F .) Tamarix africana Tamar ix gallica Tamarix sp. Coniatus repandus ? (F.) Centaurea solstitialis Coniatus sp. Tamarix sp. Coniatus splendidulus (F.) Tamarix sp. Coniatus suavis Gyllenhal Tamarix sp. Coniatus tamarisci (F.) Tamarix africana Tamarix gallica Tamarix sp. Coniatus tamarisci ? (F.) Tamarix sp. Conorrhynchus sp. Centaurea idea Curculio salicivorus Paykull Rumex crispus Cycloderes canescens (Rossi) Carduus nutans Chondrilla juncea Rumex crispus Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus) Centaurea deusta Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Cyphocleonus morbillosus (F.) Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis 155 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Cyphocleonus sp. Centaurea idea Donus cnnitus (Boheman) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Salvia verbenaca Donus philanthus (Olivier) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Donus salviae (Schrank) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Rumex crispus Donus salviae ? (Schrank) Centaurea diffusa Donus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Ethelcus cinnamomeus (Schultze) Papaver hybridum Papaver rhoeas Ethelcus denticu/atus (Schrank) Papaver rhoeas Papaver setigerum Papaver somniferum Eusomus ? sp. Papcn>er bracteatum Eustenopus hirtus (Waltl) Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Glocianus distinctus (C. Brisout) Papaver rhoeas Gymnetron antirrhini (Paykull) Linaria dalmatica Linaria vulgaris Gymnetron asellus (Gravenhorst) Verbascum sp. Verbascum thapsus 156 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Gymnetron bipiistulatum (Rossi) Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Verbascnm sp. Verbascum thapsus Gymnetron linariae (Panzer) Linaria vulgaris Gymnetron netum (Germar) Antirrhinum siculum Linaria heterophylla Linaria sp. Linaria vulgaris Gymnetron pascuorum (Gyllenhal) Tamarix sp. Gymnetron sp. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Papaver sp. Gymnetron tetrum (F.) Carthamus lanatus Salvia aethiopis Verbascum sp. Verbascum thapsus Verbascum undulatum Hadroplontus litura (F.) Cirsium arvense Hadroplontns trimaculatus (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Galactites tomentosa Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum Hexarthrum culinaris (Germar) Rumex sp. Hylobius transversovittatus (Goeze) Lythrum salicaria Hyper a adspersa (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Hyper a arator (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Hypera fascocinerea (Marsham) Carduus macrocephalus Hyper a meles (F.) Carduus nutans 157 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Hyper a nigrirostris (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Isatis tinctoria Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) Carduus edelbergii Carduus macrocephalus Centaurea napifolia Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Hyper a punctata ? (F.) Centaurea diffusa Hypera sp. Euphorbia seguierana Hypera striata (Boheman) Carduus macrocephalus Hypera venusta (F .) Centaurea diffusa Hypera zoilus (Scopoli) Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Salvia verbenaca Hypohxus sp. Chondrilla juncea Holocrichapion pi si (F.) Cirsium arvense Larinus australis Capiomont Centaurea sp. Larinus australis ? Capiomont Centaurea sp. Larinus brevis (Herbst) Carlina vulgaris Larinus canescens Gyllenhal Centaurea sp. Larinus capiomonti Faust Cousinia congesta Saussurea sp. Larinus carinirostris Gyllenhal Carlina corymbosa Larinus centaureae (Olivier) Centaurea solstitialis Larinus crassus Capiomont Centaurea spruneri guicciardii 158 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Larinus curtus Hochhut Centaurea melitensis Centaurea solstitialis Larinus cynarae (F.) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Cynara cardunculus Ga/actites tomentosa Onopordum illyricum Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum Larinus filiformis Petri Centaurea solstitialis Larinus flavescens Germar Carduus chrysacanthus Carduus macrocephalus Carthamus lanatus Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Larinus grisescens Gyllenhal Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea spruneri guicciardii Larinus inaequalicollis Capiomont Carduus nutans Larinus jaceae (F.) Carduus acanthoides Carduus candicans Carduus chrysacanthus Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus nutans ? Carduus picnocephalus Carduus sp. Carduus thoermeri Carduus tmoleus armatus Carduus vivariensis Carlina corymbosa Carthamus lanatus Centaurea scabiosa Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium candelabrum Cirsium sp. Cousinia congesta Tyrimnus leucographus 159 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Larinus latus (Herbst) Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Centaurea solstitia/is Onopordum acanthium Onopordum illyricum Onopordum sp. Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea solstitia/is Larinus minutus Gyllenhal Carduus tmoleus armatus Centaurea diffusa Centaurea macedonica Centaurea maculosa Centaurea phrygia Centaurea salonitana Centaurea solstitia/is Centaurea sp. Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal Centaurea deusta Centaurea maculosa Centaurea pseudophrygia Centaurea sp. Larinus onopordi (F.) Echinops ritro Larinus orientalis Capiomont Carthamus lanatus Larinus planus (F.) Carduus nutans Carduus personatus Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea bracteata Centaurea diffusa Centaurea jacea Centaurea solstitia/is Cirsium ar\>ense Cirsium creticum Cirsium rivulare Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal Carthamus dentatus Carthamus lanatus Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense 160 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Larinas scolymi (Olivier) Cynara carduncalus Cynara scolymus Onopordum taaricum Larinus sibiricus Gyllenhal Centaarea sp. Larinas sp. Carlina corymbosa Centaurea sp. Papaver rhoeas Papaver sp. Larinas sturnus (Schaller) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus micropterus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea jacea Cirsium eriophorum Cirsium sp. Cirsium tuberosum Cirsium vu/gare Silybum marianum Larinus syriacus Gyllenhal Carthamus dentatus Carthamus lanatus Carthamus sp. Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea sp. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal Carduus thoermeri Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Cirsium creticum Cirsium eriophorum Cirsium setosum Cirsium sp. Cirsium tuberosum Cirsium vulgare Onopordum tauricum Larinus arsus (F.) Carduus nutans Carlina corymbosa Carlina lanata Carlina vulgaris Centaurea solstitialis Scabiosa maritima 161 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Larinus vulpes (Olivier) Echinops sp. Leptomias stoliczkae Faust Carduus edelbergii Linmobaris dolorosa (Goeze) Convolvulus arvensis Limobius borealis (Paykull) Geranium dissectum Li ocle onus clathratus (Olivier) Tamarix smyrnensis Lissobaris sp. A triplex halimus Lixomorphus algirus (L.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Galactites tomentosa Rumex crispus Li xus albomarginatus Boheman Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Laxus anguinus (L.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Chondrilla juncea Rumex crispus Lixus angustatus (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium vulgare Galactites tomentosa Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum Lixus astrachanicus Faust Chondrilla juncea Lixus car dui (Olivier) Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Carlina coiymbosa Galactites tomentosa Onopordum acanthium Onopordum illyricum Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum 162 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Lixus filiformis (F.) Carduus acanthoides Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium vu/gare Galactites tomentosa Onopordum illyricum Onopordum sp. Papaver rhoeas Silybum marianum Lixus furcatus (Olivier) Cachrys fern lace a Lixus iridis (Olivier) Convolvulus arvensis Ly thrum salicaria Lixus junci Boheman Carduus macrocephalus Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus tenuiflorus Glaucium flavum Lixus myagri (Olivier) Carduus nutans Lixus punctiventris Boheman Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea Lixus rosenschoeldi Boheman Chondrilla juncea Lixus salsolae Becker Salsola kali Lixus sanguineus (Rossi) Rumex crispus Lixus scolopax Boheman Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Lixus sp. Carduus edelbergii Chondrilla juncea Rumex obtusifolius Lixus speciosus Miller Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. 163 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Lixus vilis ? (Rossi) Rumex crispus Magdalis frontalis (Gyllenhal) Carduus nutans Mecaspis alternans (Herbst) Carduus nutans Mecaspis caesus (Gyllenhal) Carduus macrocephalus Mecinus janthinus (Germar) Linaria vulgaris Mecinus sp. Papaver sp. Megamecus sp. Euphorbia sp. Miarus graminis (Gyllenhal) Cirsium vulgare Miarus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Microlarinus lareynii (Jacquelin DuVal) Tribulus terrestris Microlarimis lypriformis (Wollaston) Tribulus terrestris Microplontus rugulosus (Herbst) Papaver rhoeas Microplontus subfasciatus (Chevrolat) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Mogulones beckeri (Schultze) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Mogulones geographicus (Goeze) Papaver sp. Mogulones javetii (Gerhardt) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Mylacns sp. Euphorbia cyparissias Neoglocianus albovittatus (Germar) Papaver rhoeas Neoglocianus maculaalba (Herbst) Convolvulus arvensis Papaver dubium Papaver hybridum Papaver rhoeas Papaver somniferum 164 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Neoglocianus transcaucasicus (Korotyaev) Papaver orientate Papaver sp. Neoplinthus porcatus (Herbst) Euphorbia virgata Neoplinthus tigratus (Rossi) Euphorbia esula Euphorbia myrsinites Notodermus sp. Papaver sp. Otiorhynchus alutaceus Germar Convolvulus arvensis Otiorhynchus anthracinus (Scopoli) Carduus nutans Otiorhynchus armatus Boheman Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Otiorhynchus cribricollis Gyllenhal Rumex crispus Tamarix sp. Otiorhynchus dalmatinus Stierlin Rumex sp. Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) Carduus nutans Centaurea maculosa Cirsium arvense Rumex crispus Otiorhynchus pinastri ? (L.) Galium mollugo Otiorhynchus rhacusensis Germar Centaurea solstitialis Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus (Goeze) Senecio erraticus Otiorhynchus scaberrimus Stierlin Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Otiorhynchus singular is (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus sp. Otiorhynchus sp. Papaver bracteatum Papaver orientale Pachycerus cordiger (Germar) Carduus macrocephalus Pachytychius sparsutus (Olivier) Carduus macrocephalus 165 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Pcichytychius squamosus (Gyllenhal) Pantomorus cervinus Boheman Parethelcus pollinarius (Forster) Peritelus flavipennis Jacquelin DuVal Pentelus sphaeroides Germar Phrydiuchus spilmani Warner Phrydiuchus tau Warner Phyllobius etruscus Desbrochers Phyllobms maculicornis Germar Phyllobius sp. Phyllobius subdentatus Bach Pissodes notatus (F.) Polydrusus armipes Brulle Polydrusus marginatus Stephens Polydrusus sp. Polydrusus tibialis Boheman Pseudorchestes cinereus ? (Fahraeus) Pseudorchestes pratensis (Germar) Pseudorchestes tomentosus ? (Olivier) Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) Associated weeds Convolvulus arvensis Senecio jacobaea Tamarix sp. Urtica dioica Rumex crispus Rumex acetosa Salvia argentea Salvia verbenaca Salvia aethiopis Carduus nutans Cirsium vulgare Tamarix parviflora Carduus sp. Rumex crispus Carduus nutans Carduus macrocephalus Centaurea diffusa 1 satis tinctoria Convolvulus arvensis Cardaria draba Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea solstitialis Carduus acanthoides Carduus macrocephalus Carduus micropterus 166 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Rhinocyllus conicus (Frolich) (continued) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Cirsium arvense Cirsium sp. Ga/actites tomentosa Silybum marianum Rhinocyllus oblongus Capiomont Carduus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Rhinoncus pericarpius (L.) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. Rhytideres plicatus (Olivier) Carduus macrocephalus Rumex crispus Sibinia attalica Gyllenhal Carduus nutans Centaurea bracteata Centaurea caerulescens Sibinia sp. Cardaria draba Sirocalodes depressicollis (Marsham) Papaver rhoeas Sirocalodes mixtus (Mulsant & Rey) Papaver hybridum Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Sitona gemellatus Gyllenhal Carduus macrocephalus Sitona gressorius (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Cirsium vulgare Sitona humeralis Stephens Carduus macrocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Sitona intermedius Kiister Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex crispus 167 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal Carduus macrocephalus Sitona limosus (Rossi) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Convolvulus ar\>ensis Sitona lineatus (L.) Carduus pycnocepha/us Centaurea jacea Rumex crispus Senecio jacobaea Sitona macularius (Marsham) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex sp. Sitona ophthalmicus (Rossi) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Sitona puberulus Reitter Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Sitona puncticollis Stephens Carduus collinus Carduus nutans Euphorbia iberica Rumex crispus Senecio erraticus Sitona sp. Cirsium vulgare Cynara scolymus Echinops sphaerocephalus Onopordum tauricum Papaver sp. Salvia verbenaca Sitona sulcifrons (Thunberg) Carduus macrocephalus Sitona suturalis Stephens Convolvulus arvensis Sitona verecundus (Rossi) Carduus collinus Carduus macrocephalus Carlina coiymbosa Smicronyx jungermanniae (Reich ) Cuscuta sp. 168 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Stenocarus cardui (Herbst) Papaver rhoeas Stenocarus ruficornis (Stephens) Carduus macrocephalus Papaver hybridum Papaver rhoeas Papaver setigerum Papaver somniferum Stephanocleonus nigrosuturatus (Goeze) Anchusa sp. Carduus nutans Salvia verbenaca Strophomorphus porcellus (Germar) Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Echinops sphaerocephalus Papaver sp. Strophomorphus sp. Papaver sp. Styphlus penicillus Gyllenhal Crupina vulgaris Tanymecus palliatus (F.) Convolvulus arvensis Tanymecus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Trachyphloeus laticollis Boheman Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Trichosirocalus baldensis (Schultze) Convolvulus arvensis Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Galactites tomentosa Onopordum sp. Papaver rhoeas Trichosirocalus urens (Gyllenhal) Carlina corymbosa Tychius argentatus Chevrolat Carthamus lanatus Centaurea solstitialis Ty chins cuprifer (Panzer) Rumex obtusifolius 169 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Ty chius picirostris (F.) Carthamus lanatus Tychius quinquepunctatus (L.) Carduus macrocephalus Cirsium arvense Tychius sp. Centaurea diffusa Ononis vaginalis Papaver rhoeas Derniestidae Anthrenus fuscus Olivier Onopordum acanthium Anthrenus pimpinellae F. Cardaria draba Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia salicifolia Anthrenus pimpinellae ? F. Isatis tinctoria Anthrenus scrophulariae (L.) Cardaria draba Euphorbia salicifolia Euphorbia virgata Anthrenus verbasci (L.) Cardaria draba Attagenus fasciatus (Olivier) Cardaria draba Attagenus sp. Papaver rhoeas Attagenus unicolor (Brahm) Centaurea solstitialis Dermestes mustelinus Erichson Rumex crispus Dermestes sp. Carduus nutans Papaver rhoeas Genus sp Tamarix sp. Globicornis sp. Tamarix sp. Elateridae Adrastus limbatus (F.) Convolvulus arvensis 170 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Agriotes sp. Papaver rhoeas Rumex sp. Agrypnus murinus (L.) Carduus nutans Ampedus sp. Euphorbia salicifolia Athous sp. Euphorbia iberica Cardiophorus disci colli s ? (Herbst) Cardaria draba Cardiophorus nigerrimus ? Erichson Linaria sp. Cardiophorus rufipes ? (Goeze) Cardaria draba Cardiophorus sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi) Rumex sp. Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Melanotus tenebrosus (Erichson) Onopordum sp. Hydrophilidae Cercyon sp. Rumex sp. Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Megasternum obscurum (Marsham) Carduus nutans Lagriidae Lagria hirta (L.) Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Salsola sp. 171 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Latridiidae Corticaria sp. Centaurea maculosa Cirsium arvense Rumex sp. Corticaria ? sp. Tamarix sp. Emcmus transversus (Olivier) Rumex crispus Genus sp. Rumex crispus Meloidae Alosimus armeniacus (Faldermann) Cardaria draba Alosimus syriacus (L.) Cardaria draba Cerocoma rapilyi ? Pardo Cardaria draba Coryna scabiosae (Olivier) Linaria sp. Lydus trimaculatus italicus Kaszab Carduus pycnocephalus Meloe sp. Convolvulus arvensis Mylcibris quadripunctata (L.) Linaria sp. Mylabris variabilis (Pallas) Carduus thoermeri Oenas tenuicornis Abeille Cardaria draba Zonitis sp. Centaurea solstitialis Melyridae Aplocnemus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Linaria sp. Attains sp. Centaurea napifolia Centaurea repens Linaria vulgaris Axinotarsus sp. Cardaria draba Convolvulus arvensis 172 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Chi or opus concolor ? (F.) Carduus nutans Colotes sp. Linaria sp. Danacaea sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea calcitrapa Danacaea ? sp. Linaria sp. Linaria vulgaris Dasytes mulsanti ? Schilsky Carthamus tinctorius Dasytes sp. Cardaria draba Divales bipustulatus (F.) Carduus nutans Centaurea caerulescens Divales sp. Centaurea caerulescens Eni copus hirtus (L .) Carduus nutans Enicopus parnassi ? Kiesenwetter Isatis tinctoria Enicopus pilosus (Scopoli) Carduus nutans Genus sp Convolvulus althaeoides Papaver setigerum Tamarix sp. Malachius aeneus (L.) Tamarix sp. Malachius bipustulatus L. Convolvulus arvensis Papaver orientale Malachius sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Papa\>er rhoeas Tamarix sp. Malachius spinipennis Germar Centaurea solstitialis Malthinus sp. Centaurea nicaensis Linaria sp. 173 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Melyris ? sp. Cardaria draba Psilothrix cyaneus (Olivier) Papaver rhoeas Psilothrix sp. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus medius Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea sphaerocephala Convolvulus arvensis Papaver rhoeas Psilothrix viridicoeruleus (Fourcroy) Centaurea solstitialis Mordellidae Anaspis sp. Cytisus scoparius Euphorbia cyparissias Mordellistena episternalis ? Mulsant Carduus nutans Mordellistena pumila (Gyllenhal) Centaurea solstitialis Mordellistena sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Mycetophagidae Berginus sp. Carduus nutans Mycteridae Mycterus tibialis Kiister Euphorbia seguierana Nitidulidae Brachypterolus pidicarius (L. ) Linaria dalmatica Linaria fastigiata Linaria genisti folia Linaria kurdica Linaria lineolata 174 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) (continued) Brachypterus glaber Stephens Brachypterus urticae (F.) Eparea sp. Meligethes aeneus (F.) Meligethes corvinus Erichson Meligethes erythropus ? (Marsham) Meligethes hypocrita ? Bristowe Meligethes incanus Sturm Meligethes nigrescens Stephens Meligethes pedicularius (Gyllenhal) Meligethes planiuscalns ? (Heer) Meligethes rotundicollis C. Brisout Meligethes solidus Kugelann Meligethes sp. Oedemeridae Oedemera nobilis (Scopoli) Associated weeds Linaria sp. Linaria vulgaris Rumex crispus Papaver orientale Cirsium arvense Cardaria draba Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia salicifolia Cardaria draba Centaurea solstitialis Cardaria draba Centaurea maculosa Salvia aethiopis Cardaria draba Salvia aethiopis Cardaria draba Cardaria draba Convolvulus arvensis Cardaria draba Carduus acanthoides Carduus nutans Cirsium arvense Convolvulus arvensis Papaver rhoeas Rumex crispus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis 175 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Oe denier a podagrariae L. Onopordum sp. Oedemera sp. Convolvulus arvensis Galactites tomentosa Oedemera virescens L. Convolvulus althaeoides Isatis tinctoria Orthoperidae Sacium sp. Rumex crispus Phalacridae Genus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia cyparissias Tamarix sp. Olibras affinis (Sturm) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Ohbrus bicolor ? (F.) Rumex crispus Olibrus bisignatus (Menetries) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Olibrus bisignatus ? (Menetries) Rumex crispus Olibrus corticalis (Panzer) Senecio jacobaea Olibrus sp. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Rumex sp. Salsola sp. Phalacrus sp. Cardaria draba Stilbus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia salicifolia 176 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Pselaphidae Reichenbachia sp. Rumex obtusifolius Ptiliidae Genus sp. Salsola sp. Ptinidae Genus sp. Euphorbia sp. Ptinus sp. Euphorbia esula Ptinus subpilosus ? Sturm Centaurea solstitialis Ptinus villiger Reitter Centaurea cineraria Rhynchophoridae Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea bracteata Centaurea solstitialis Sitophihis sp. Cynara scolymus Scarabaeidae Amphicoma sp. Cardaria dr aba Onopordum sp. Amphicoma vulpes (F.) Cardaria draba Anomala sp. Cardaria draba Anoxia sp. Papaver rhoeas Aphodius sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Cetonia aurata (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Papaver rhoeas 177 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Chasmatopterus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Glaphyrus sp. Onopordum sp. Netocia mono (F.) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Oxythyreci cinctella (Schaum) Cardaria draba Carduus thoermeri Euphorbia seguierana Linar ia sp. Oxythyrea funesta (Poda) Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus ar\>ensis Oxythyrea sp. Carduus ede/bergii Pleurophorus caesus (Creutzer) Rumex crispus Potosia cuprea (F.) Papaver somniferum Protaetia sp. Centaurea solstitialis Rhizotrogus ciliatus Reiche Rumex crispus Thorectes intermedins (Costa) Carduus nutans Tropmota hirta (Poda) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Convolvulus althaeoides Papaver rhoeas Tropinota squalida (Scopoli) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Valgus hemipterus (L .) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Tamarix sp. 178 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Scolytidae Phloeophthorus rhododactylns (Marsham) Cytisas scoparius Thamnurgns euphorbiae Ktister Euphorbia characias Euphorbia cyparissias Scraptiidae Anaspis regimbarti Schilsky Rumex crispus Anaspis sp. Cytisus scoparius Euphorbia cyparissias Papaver setigerum Silphidae Silpha obscura L. Rumex crispus Silpha sp. Carduus nutans Staphylinidae Genus sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Linaria sp. Rumex sp. Tamarix sp. Oxytelus sp. Cardaria draba Paederus sp. Rumex crispus Philontus concinnus (Gravenhorst) Rumex sp. Quedius sp. Rumex crispus Stemis sp. Rumex obtusifolius Tcichyporus hypnorum (L.) Rumex crispus Rumex sp. 179 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Tenebrionidae Gonocepha/um pusillum (F.) Cardaria draba Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Pedum s femoralis (L.) Rumex crispus Pimelia sp. Convolvulus arvensis Stenosis angustata (Herbst) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus COLLEMBOLA Sminthuridae Sminthurus viridis L. Convolvulus arvensis DERMAPTERA Forficulidae Anechus bipunctatus (F.) Papaver bracteatum Forficula auricularia L. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Forficula pubescens ? Gene Rumex crispus Forficula sp. Centaurea solstitialis Genus sp. Tamarix sp. DICTYOPTERA Blattellidae Blattaria sp. Carduus nutans Ectobius pallidus (Olivier) Carduus nutans 180 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds DIPTERA Agromyzidae Agromyza apfelbecki Srobl Cynara scolymns Agromyza nigrescens Hendel Geranium dissectum Genus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Orobanche sp. Senecio erraticus Hylemya pullula (Zettersted) Senecio jacobaea Linomyza latigenis (Hendel) Senecio jacobaea Liriomyza sp. Cardaria draba Papaver pseudoorientale Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) Senecio erraticus Melanagromyza aeneiventris (Fallen) Cirsium an’ense Senecio jacobaea Melanagromyza albocilia Hendel Convolvulus arvensis Melanagromyza cirsii (Rondani) Carduus edelbergii Melanagromyza dettmeri Hering Senecio erraticus Melanagromyza eupatorii Spencer Senecio jacobaea Melanagromyza trifolii ? Spencer Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea Napomyza lateralis (Fallen) Carduus macrocephalus Ophiomyia senecionina Hering Senecio jacobaea Phytomyza atricornis Meigen Linaria genistifolia Linaria vulgaris Senecio doria Senecio elegans Senecio jacobaea Senecio vulgaris 181 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Phytomyza horticola Goureau Cardaria draba Papaver rhoeas Papaver setigerum Papaver somniferum Phytomyza horticola ? Goureau Centaurea napifolia Sphaerophoria rueppelli Wiedemann Senecio jacobaea Anthomyiidae Anthomyza gracilis Fallen Centaurea jacea Craspedochaeta pullula (Zettersted) Rumex crispus Delia platura (Meigen) Centaurea diffusa Genus sp. Euphorbia cyparissias Hylemya brassicae (Wiedemann) Senecio jacobaea Hylemya cinerella (Fallen) Anethum grave o lens Cardaria draba Senecio jacobaea Hylemya coarctata (Fallen) Senecio jacobaea Hylemya platura (Meigen) Cardaria draba Senecio jacobaea Hylemya pullula (Zettersted) Matricharia inodora Hylemya radicum (L.) Anethum graveolens Carthamus tinctorius Senecio jacobaea Hylemya seneciella (Meade) Rumex acetosa Senecio jacobaea Hylemya sp. Cardaria draba Tamarix sp. Hylemya spinosa Rondani Onopordum acanthium Onopordum sp. 182 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Hylemya variata (Fallen) Cardaria draba Pegomya bicolor (Wiedemann) Rumex crispus Pegomya sp. Euphorbia esula Pegomya terebrans (Rondani) Carduus macrocephalas Scatophaga ster cor aria (L.) Cardaria draba Asilidae Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Bibionidae Bibio hortulanus (L.) Cardaria draba Genus sp. Cardaria draba Bombyliidae Genus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Calliphoridae Bufolucilia silvarum (Meigen) Senecio jacobaea Orthellia caesarion (Meigen) Tamarix sp. Pollenia rudis (F .) Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Pollenia sp. Centaurea solstitialis Sarcophaga sp. Centaurea jacea Cecidomyidae Dasineura papcn’eris ? Winnertz Papaver rhoeas Dasineura salicariae (Kieffer) Lythrum salicaria Dasineura sp. Chondrilla juncea Euphorbia esula 183 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Diodahis linariae (Winnertz) Linaria vulgaris Jaapiella cirsiicola (Rubsaamen) Cirsium vulgare Lestodiplosis cirsii Barnes Cirsium vulgare Psectrosema sp. Tamarix smyrnensis Tamarix sp. Spurgia capitigena (Bremi) Euphorbia cyparissias Spurgia capitigena ? (Bremi) Euphorbia cyparissias Spurgia esulae Gagne Euphorbia esula Spurgia sp Euphorbia esula Euphorbia iberica Euphorbia paralias Chamaemyiidae Genus sp. Centaurea solstitia/is Leucopis sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea nicaensis Linaria sp. Papaver rhoeas Chironomidae Chironomus sp. Carduus nutans Cricotopus sp. Cardaria draba Genus sp Cardaria draba Tamarix sp. Chloropidae Meromyza sp. Rumex sp. Oscinella frit (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Oscinella frit ? (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Centaurea jacea 184 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Oscinella sp. Linaria genistifolia Linar i a vulgaris Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) Carduus nutans Centaur ea jacea Centaurea scabiosa Thaumatomyia notata (Meigen) Cardaria draba Thaumatomyia sulcifrons (Becker) Cardaria draba Culicidae Aedes sp. Cardaria draba Dolichopodidae Genus sp. Cardaria draba Papaver orientale Rumex sp. Metedeterns sp. Tamarix sp. Orthochile sp. Cardaria draba Sciaphus pallens (Wiedemann) Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Thrypticus sp. Cardaria draba Drosophilidae Drosophila funebris (F.) Cynara scolymus Drosophila sp. Citrus aurantium Scatomyza pallida (Zettersted) Cardaria draba Scatomyza sp. Cardaria draba Euphorbia seguierana Empididae Drapetis sp. Tamarix sp. 185 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Microphorus sp. Tamarix sp. Platypalpus sp. Linaria grandiflora Tamarix sp. Ephydridae Allotrichoma sp. Cardaria draba Hydrellia sp. Cardaria draba Notiphila cinerea (Fallen) Cardaria draba Scatella pallidum Meigen Cardaria draba Scatophila sp. Rumex crispus Heleoinyzidae Acanthorelha cineraria (Loew) Cardaria draba Tephrochlamys rufiventris (Meigen) Cardaria draba Larvaevoridae Exon st a segregate! (Rondani) Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia sp. Exorista sp. Euphorbia seguierana Genus sp. Euphorbia sp. Lauxaniidae Calliopum aeneum (Fallen) Cardaria draba Lyciella sp. Carduus macrocephalus Minettia plumicornis (Fallen) Tamarix sp. Sapromyza transcaucasica Caernu Cardaria draba 186 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Lonchopteridae Lonchoptera fuscata (Fallen) Cardaria draba Centaurea nicaensis Micropezidae Micropeza nigra Loew Cardaria draba Milichidae Desmometopam-nigrum (Zettersted) Tamarix sp. Meoneura lacteipennis (Fallen) Cardaria draba Muscidae Fannia sp. Senecio jacobaea Musca autumnalis DeGeer Carduus nutans Muscina stabularis (Fallen) Onopordum sp. Phaonia sp. Onopordum sp. Sarcophaga balanina Pandelle Tribulus terrestris Opomyiidae Geomyza tripunctata (Fallen) Carduus nutans Otitidae Dorycera hybrida Loew Cardaria draba Genus sp. Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Melieria cana Loew Cardaria draba Otites caph Loew Cardaria draba Otites lamed Schrank Cardaria draba 187 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Phoridae Diploneura nitidula (Meigen) Euphorbia salicifolia Megaselia sp. Carduus nutans Phora sp. Cirsium arvense Piophilidae Piophila sp. Cardaria draba Platystomatidae Platystoma gemmationis (Rondani) Carduus nutans Platystoma nigriventre Haliday Cardaria draba Psilidae Psila sardoa Rondani Carduus macrocephalus Rhagionidae Genus sp Rumex crispus Senecio jacobaea Rhinophoridae Stevenia sp. Carduus thoermeri Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga sp. Abutilon theophrasti Senecio sp. Scatophagidae Norellia spinimana (Fallen) Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Sciaridae Bradysia sp. Carduus nutans 188 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Sciomyzidae Pherbellia cinerella (Fallen) Rumex sp. Sepsidae Genus sp. Papaver orientate Sepsis fulgens Meigen Cardaria draba Sepsis horticola Goureau Cardaria draba Sepsis punctum (F.) Cardaria draba Sepsis sp. Carduus nutans Sepsis violacea Meigen Cardaria draba Simuliidae Genus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Sphaeroceridae Coptomyza equina (Fallen) Cardaria draba Genus sp Papaver bracteatum Leptocera sp. Cardaria draba Linaria genistifolia Stratiomyidae Chloromyia formosa (Scopoli) Carduus pycnocepha/us Convolvulus ar"vensis Lasiopa tenuirostris (Loewe) Centaurea solstitialis Nemotelus sp. Cardaria draba Linaria sp. Syrphidae Cheilosia corydon (Harris) Carduus acanthoides Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans 189 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Cheilosia cynocephala Loew Cheilosia sp. Eristalis arbustorum (L.) Eristalis tenax (L.) Eumerus sp. Genus sp. Heliophilus trivittatus (F.) Paragus quadrifasciatus (Meigen) Paragus sp. Sphaerophoria rueppelli (Wiedemann) Sphaerophona sp. Tabanidae Genus sp Tachinidae Bigonicheta spinipennis (Meigen) Bithia modesta (Meigen) Bithia sp. Exorista larvarum (L.) Exorista segregata (Rondani) Exorista sp. Associated weeds Carduus sp. Euphorbia cyparissias Carduus nutans Carduus macrocephalus Senecio jacobaea Limoniastrum monopetalum Salsola sp. Carduus nutans Carduus nutans Linaria sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Papaver setigerum Centaurea solstitialis Carduus nutans Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Centaurea diffusa Abutilon theophrasti Rumex obtusifolius Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia sp Euphorbia seguierana 190 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Genus sp. Euphorbia sp. Linar i a dalmatica Gonia sp. Cardana draba Isomera cinerascens (Rondani) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Masicera sphingivora (Robineau-Desvoidy) Euphorbia stepposa Nemorilla fl oralis (Fallen) Convolvulus arvensis Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen) Carduus sp. Strobliomyia tibialis (Robineau-Desvoidy) Convolvulus arvensis Triarthria setipennis (Fallen) Rumex crispus Voria ruralis (Fallen) Carduus sp. Cynara cardunculus Zeuxia nigripes (Meigen) Carduus sp. Zophomya temula (Scopoli) Cardaria draba Tephritidae Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) Cardaria draba Carduus collinus Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carthamus lanatus Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea bracteata Centaurea caerulescens Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea jacea Centaurea maculosa Centaurea napifolia Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea repens Centaurea solstitialis Crupina vulgaris Cynara scolymus 191 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Acanthiophilus sp. 1 Centaurea solstitialis Acanthiophilus sp. 2 Centaurea solstitialis Chaetorellia australis Hering Centaurea solstitialis Chaetorellia carthami ? Stackelberg Centaurea solstitialis Chaetorellia hexachaeta (Loew) Centaurea solstitialis Chaetorellia jaceae Robineau-Desvoidy Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Chaetorellia sp. Carthamus tinctorius Centaurea solstitialis Chaetorellia succinea (Costa) Centaurea solstitialis Chaetostomella cylindrica (Robineau-Desvoidy) Centaurea solstitialis Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loewe) Centaurea jacea Centaurea nigra Centaurea phiygia Cirsium arvense Ensina sonchi (L.) Chondrilla juncea Genus sp. Carthamus lanatus Centaurea solstitialis Galactites tomentosa Lactuca viminea Orellia colon (Meigen) Centaurea scabiosa Orellia colon ? (Meigen) Carthamus tinctorius Orellia lappae (Wiedemann) Onopordum sp. Oxyna nebulosa (Wiedemann) Senecio jacobaea Paroxyna tessellata ? (Loew) Senecio jacobaea Sphenella marginata (Fallen) Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea 192 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Tephritis bardanae (Schrank) Lappa sp. Limoniastrum sp. Tephritis heiseri Frauenfeld Carduus edelbergii Tephritis postica (Loewe) Onopordum acanthium Onopordum sp. Onopordum tauricum Tephritis sp. Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Carduus uncinatus Terellia fuscicornis (Loewe) Cynara scolymus Terellia longicauda (Meigen) Cirsium vulgare Terellia serratulae (L.) Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Terellia sp. Centaurea solstitialis Terellia uncinata White Centaurea solstitialis Terellia virens (Loew) Centaurea solstitialis Trupanea stellata (Fussly) Cardaria draba Senecio jacobaea Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) Centaurea jacea Centaurea maculosa Urophora cuspidata (Meigen) Centaurea scabiosa Urophora jaculata Rondani Centaurea solstitialis Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) Carduus nutans Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea jacea Centaurea maculosa Centaurea solstitialis Urophora quadrifasciata ? (Meigen) Centaurea bracteata Centaurea jacea Centaurea nicaensis 193 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) Centaurea solstitialis Urophora solstitialis (L .) Carduus macrocepha/us Carduus medius Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Carduus vivariensis Urophora sp. Carduus micropterus Carduus nutans Carduus uncinatus Centaurea diffusa Centaurea maculosa Urophora sty lata (F.) Carduus macrocepha/us Carduus nutans Cirsium arvense Cirsium creticum Cirsium vulgar e Urophora sybhiata (Rondani) Carduus nutans Urophora terebrans Loewe Onopordum sp. Xyphosia mi liar is ? (Schrank) Carduus macrocepha/us Carduus nutans Xyphosia sp. Carduus macrocephalus Tethinidae Tethma incisuralis (Mayr) Cardaria draba Tipulidae Nephrotoma crocata (L.) Rumex sp. Nephrotoma maculata (Meigen) Cardaria draba Trixoscelidae Trixoscelis frontalis (Fallen) Cardaria draba Tamarix sp. 194 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Trixoscelis obscurella (Fallen) Cardaria draba Tamarix sp. EPHEMEROPTERA Baetidae Pseudocloeon sp. Cardaria draba HEMIPTERA Alydidae Micrelytra fossularum (Rossi) Rumex sp. Anthocoridae Anthocoris nemorum (L.) Linaria sp. Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Cardiastethus pseudococci Wagner Tamarix sp. Onus minutus (L.) Cuscuta sp. Rumex sp. Onus niger Wolff Cardaria draba Berytidae Berytinus sp. Scrophularia canina Metacanthus meridionalis (Costa) Lythrum salicaria Cercopidae Philaenus spumcirius (L.) Senecio erraticus Cimicidae Strobilotoma typhaecorne (F.) Scrophularia canina 195 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Coreidae Bathysolen nubilus (Fallen) Rumex sp. Coreus marginatus (L.) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Scrophularia canina Coriomeris scabricornis (Panzer) Carduus thoermeri Enoplops disci ger (Kolenati) Linaria sp. Genus sp. Silybum marianum Syromastes marginatus (L.) Onopordum sp. Cydnidae Geotomus punctulatus (Costa) Rumex sp. Lygaeidae Aoploscelis bivirgatus (Costa) Rumex sp. Beosus maritimus (Scopoli) Rumex sp. Brachyplax palliata (Costa) Papaver rhoeas Cymus glandicolor Hahn Linaria vulgaris Emblethis sp. Rumex sp. Genus sp Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus ar\’ensis Convolvulus sp. Rumex sp. Geocoris megacephalus (Rossi) Rumex sp. Geocoris siculus (Fieber) Salso/a sp. Geocoris sp. Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Heterogaster urticae (F.) Scrophularia canina 196 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Lygaeosoma sardae Spinola Nysius ericae (Schilling) Nysius graminicola (Kolenati) Oxycarenus hya/inipennis (Costa) Oxycarenus pallens (Herrich-SchafFer) Oxycarenus pallens ? (Herrich-SchafFer) Perithechus sp. Piocoris erythrocephala (Le Peletier & Serville) Plinthisus brevipennis (Latreille) Rhyparochromus sp. Scolopestethus decoratus (Hahn) Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallen) Stygnocoris fuligineus (Fourcroy) Centaurea diffusa Cardaria draba Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Abutilon theophrasti Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea deusta Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. Rumex sp. Rumex sp. Rumex sp. Salvia virgata Rumex sp. Miridae Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) Adelphocoris sp. Adelphocoris vandalicus (Rossi) Alleonotus fidvipes (Scopoli) Brachycoleus decolor Reuter Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin) Calocoris pilicornis (Panzer) Euphorbia esula Euphorbia sp. Linaria sp. Linaria sp. Centaurea solstitialis Linaria sp. Linaria sp. Papaver rhoeas Euphorbia sp. 197 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Calocoris sp. Cardana draba Criocoris crassicomis (Hahn) Galium mollugo Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallen) Centaurea solstitialis Euphorbia esida Euphorbia sp. Deraeocoris schach (F.) Onopordum tauricum Dicyphus errans (Wolff) Abutilon theophrasti Genus A sp. Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Genus B sp. Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Genus C sp. Centaurea solstitialis Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Linaria sp. Lygus pratensis (L.) Linaria sp. Lygus rugulipennis Poppius Linaria sp. Megalodactylus maculatus (Mulsant & Rey) Tamarix sp. Oncotylus viridiflavus (Goeze) Papaver orientate Paredrocons pectoralis Reutzer Euphorbia sp. Phytocoris sp. Onopordum tauricum Polymeras sp. Linaria sp. Tuponia hyppophaes (Meyer) Tamarix sp. Tuponia sp. Tamarix sp. Tuponia tamarisci (Perris) Tamarix sp. 198 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Nabidae Nab is sp. Cardaria draba Nab is viridis Brulle Tamarix sp. Pentatomidae Aelia acuminata (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Aelia rostrata (Boheman) Cardaria draba Aelia sp. Carduus nutans Centaurea repens Linaria dalmatica Ancyrosoma leucogrammes (Gmelin) Scrophu/aria canina Carpocoris fuscispinus Boheman Papaver orientate Papaver sp. Carpocoris mediterraneus Tamanini Carduus thoermeri Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Linaria sp. Silybum marianum Carpocoris pudicus (Poda) Centaurea solstitialis Linaria sp. Onopordum sp. Carpocoris purpureipennis (DeGeer) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carpocoris sp. Centaurea solstitialis Chlorochloa sp. Glaucium sp. Codophila lunulata (Goeze) Linaria sp. Dolycoris baccarum (L.) Carduus nutans Cynara scolymus Linaria sp. Onopordum sp. Tamarix sp. 199 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Dolycoris sp. Scrophidaria canina Diyoderes umbraciriatus (F.) Convolvulus arvensis Eurydema oleraceum (L.) Cardaria draba Convolvulus arvensis Rumex sp. Eutydema ornatum (L.) Centaurea solstitialis Isatis tinctoria Linaria dalmatica Eurydema sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Eurydema ventrale Kolenati Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Rumex crispus Eurygaster maura (L .) Linaria sp. Eurysarcoris inconspicuus (Herrich-Schaffer) Linaria sp. Genus sp Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Convolvulus arvensis Graphosoma lineatum (L.) Onopordum sp. Holcostethus sp. Centaurea repens Holcostethus strictus (F.) Convolvulus arvensis Linaria vulgaris Nezara viridula (L .) Convolvulus arvensis Cynara scolymus Linaria dalmatica Palomena prasina (L.) Onopordum sp. Phyniatidae Phymata crassipes ? (F.) Scrophidaria canina 200 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Pyrrhocoridae Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Centaurea calcitrapa Papaver rhoeas Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) Papaver bracteatum Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Reduvidae Rhinocoris iracimdas (Poda) Linaria sp. Rhopalidae Corizus hyoscyami (L.) Euphorbia esula Euphorbia sp. Linaria sp. Liorhyssus hy alums (F.) Papaver sp. Rhopalus sp. Linaria sp. Spilostethus equestris (L.) Linaria sp. Spilostethus saxatilis (Scopoli) Linaria sp. Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze) Cirsium arvense Stenocephalidae Dicranocephalus agilis (Scopoli) Euphorbia cyparissias Dicranocephalus albipes (F.) Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia esula Euphorbia iberica Euphorbia platyphyllos Euphorbia segiderana Euphorbia virgata Dicranocephalus medius (Mulsant & Rey) Euphorbia sp. Euphorbia virgata Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus 201 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Tingidae Dictyla echii (Schrank) Genus sp. Oncochila simplex (Herrich-Schaffer) Piesma salsolae (Becker) Tingis ampliata ? Herrich-Schaffer Tingis cardui (L.) Tingis rotimdicollis (Jakovlev) Tingis sp. HOMOPTERA Aphididae Aphis euphorbiae ? Kaltenbach Aphis terricola Rondani Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) Aulacorthum speyeri Borner Brachyunguis tamaricis (Lichtenstein) Dactynotus sp. Genus sp Associated weeds Linaria sp. Centaurea solstitialis Echinops sp. Euphorbia esula Euphorbia lucida Salsola kali Carduus acanthoides Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus acanthoides Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Euphorbia esula Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus an’ensis Tamarix ramosissima Centaurea solstitialis Linaria sp. Papaver dubium Papaver rhoeas Papaver setigerum 202 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Macrosiphum enphorbiae (Thomas) Convolvulus arvensis Myzus persicae Sulzer Convolvulus arvensis Cercopidae Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Rumex crispus Cercopis sp. Silybum marianum Cercopis vulnerata (Panzer) Onopordum tauricum Genus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Handianns sp. Centaurea repens Lepyroma coleoptrata (L.) Cardaria draba Neophilaenus campestris (Fallen) Papaver rhoeas Philaenus spumarius (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Convolvulus arvensis Isatis tinctoria Onopordum tauricum Papaver rhoeas Papaver setigerum Cicadellidae Anaceratagallia sp. Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. Anoplotettix fuscovenosus (Ferrari) Papaver hybridum Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank) Rumex sp. 203 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Aphrodes sp. Papaver orientale Rumex sp. Cicadella hyalina ? (F.) Linaria sp. Cicadella viridis (L.) Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Rumex sp. Circulifer opacipennis (Lethierry) Cardaria draba Circulifer sp. Papaver orientale Deltocephalus sp. Centaurea repens Diplocolenus sp. Papaver orientale Eupelix cuspidata (F.) Cardaria draba Euscelis sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Genus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia sp. Papa\>er rhoeas Rumex sp. Goniagnathus brevis (Herrich- Schaffer) Carduus nutans Hephatus nanus (Herrich-Schaffer) Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea sp. Psammotettix majusculus Linnavuori Cardaria draba Selenocepha/us griseus (F.) Centaurea solstitialis Isatis tinctoria Delphacidae Asiraca clavicornis (F.) Convolvulus arvensis 204 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Dictyopharidae Dictyophara sp. Cardaria draba Issidae Hysteropterum grylloides (F.) Centaurea bracteata Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea jacea Centaurea solstitialis Membracidae Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Ortheziidae Orthezia sp. Convolvulus arvensis Pseudococcidae Atrococcus paludinus (Green) Euphorbia esula Phenococcus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Planococcus citri ? (Risso) Convolvulus arvensis Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti) Convolvulus arvensis Psyllidae Trioza sp. Convolvulus ar\>ensis Tettigometridae Tettigometra griseola Fieber Centaurea repens Tettigometra hexaspina Kolenati Papaver rhoeas Papaver sp. Tettigometra sp. Centaurea repens Tettigometra virescens (Panzer) Centaurea solstitialis 205 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds HYMENOPTERA Andrenidae Andrena sp. Cardaria draba Rumex sp. Aphidiidae Aphidius sp. Cardaria draba Papaver dubium Papaver hybridum Papaver rhoeas Diaeretie/la sp. Cardaria draba Papaver rhoeas Ephedrus sp. Tamarix sp. Lysiphlebus sp. Papaver dubium Tamarix sp. Apidae Apis mellifera L. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Bom bus lucorum L Carduus nutans Bombus senilis Smith Carduus nutans Bom bus silvarum F. Carduus nutans Bombus sp. Centaurea so/stitia/is Ceratina sp. Tamarix sp. Genus sp Centaurea solstitialis Nomada sp. Cardaria draba Xylocopa sp. Papaver rhoeas Xylocopa vio/acea (L.) Carduus nutans 206 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Braconidae Aleiodes rngulosus (Nees) Euphorbia stepposa Apanteles amensis ? Nixon Rumex crispus Apanteles emarginatus (Nees) Cardaria draba Apanteles hypantriae Riley Rumex crispus Apanteles phaloniae Wilkinson Carduus macrocephalus Apanteles sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia stepposa Rumex sp. Senecio jacobaea Apanteles sp. 1 Cardaria draba Apanteles sp. 2 Cardaria draba Apanteles vanessae Reinhard Euphorbia seguierana Biosteres carbonarius (Nees) Cynara scolymus Bracon osculator ? Nees Linaria sp. Bracon pectoralis ? Westwood Centaurea solstitialis Bracon piger Westwood Spartium junceum Bracon quinquemaculatus ? Szeleni Centaurea solstitialis Bracon sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Centaurea maculosa Centaurea sp. Cynara scolymus Linaria vulgaris Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea 207 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Bracon sp. 1 Car duus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Bracon sp 2 Car duus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Bracon sp. 3 Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Bracon sp. 4 Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Bracon urinator Panzer Centaurea solstitialis Chelonus sp. Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Isatis tinctoria Linaria vulgaris Chorebus sp. Centaurea diffusa Dacnusa leptogaster Haliday Linaria vulgaris Dacnusa sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea diffusa Diospilus oleraceus Haliday Cardaria draba Carduus nutans Genus A sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Genus B sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Genus C sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus medius Carduus nutans Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense 208 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Genus sp. (continued) Cirsium vidgare Linaria vulgaris Salsola sp. Tamarix sp. Macrocentrus sp. Rumex crispus Microgaster curvicrus ? Thomson Rumex crispus Microgaster sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea solstitialis Microplitis scrophulariae ? Szeleny Linaria sp. Microplitis sp. Verbascum thapsus Microplitis variipes ? Ruthe Linaria sp. Opius sp. Cardaria draba Senecio jacobaea Orgilus sp. Senecio jacobaea Rhaconotus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Rhizarcha sp. Cardaria draba Rogas sp. Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Triaspis sp. 1 Cardaria draba Cephidae Cephus pygmaeus (L.) Cardaria draba Ceraphronidae Dendrocerus sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Papaver rhoeas Chalcididae Brachymeria sp. Carduus nutans 209 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Chrysididae Hedychridium sp. Cardaria draba Hedychrum sp. Rumex crispus Omalus punctulatus ? Dahlbom Cardaria draba Cynipidae Ay I ax minor ? Hartig Papaver rhoeas Aylax oraniensis ? Barbotin Papaver rhoeas Ay lax papaveris (Perris) Papaver fugax Papaver rhoeas Aylax papaveris ? (Perris) Papaver rhoeas Aylax sp. Papaver rhoeas Diglyphosema sp. Senecio jacobaea Eutrias sp. Senecio jacobaea Figites consobrinus ? Girault Centaurea solstitialis Genus sp Centaurea solstitialis Isocolus jaceae (Schrank) Centaurea solstitialis Isocolus rogenhoferi Wachtl Centaurea solstitialis Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) Centaurea bracteata Centaurea caerulescens Centaurea cineraria Centaurea diffusa Centaurea phrygia ? Centaurea solstitialis Isocolus scabiosae ? (Giraud) Centaurea diffusa Isocolus sp. Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Phaenoglyphis sp. Rumex sp. 210 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Phanacis centaur eae Forster Centaurea solstitialis Phanacis papaveris ? (Kieffer) Papaver somniferum Phanacis sanctigellerti Balas Centaurea solstitialis Phanacis sp. Papaver bracteatum Diapriidae Psilus sp. Senecio jacobaea Trichopria sp. Papaver rhoeas Elasmidae Elasmus sp. Centaurea melitensis Centaurea solstitialis Encyrtidae Homalotylus flaminius Dalman Centaurea solstitialis Ooencyrtus sp. Euphorbia sp. Syrphophagus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Eulophidae Aprostocetus sp. Cardaria draba Asecodes ? sp. Convolvttlus ar\’ensis Chrysocharis sp. Papaver rhoeas Papaver somniferum Diglyphus sp. Papaver rhoeas Papaver somniferum Spartium junceum Elachertus sp. Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Entedon costalis ? Dalman Rumex crispus 211 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Entedon sp. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Linaria sp. Rumex acetosa Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Euderus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Eutetrastichus sp. Tamarix sp. Genus sp Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus sp. Hemiptarsenus sp. Convolvulus althaeoides Hyssopus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Mehttobia acasta Walker Centaurea melitensis Necremnus sp. Cardaria draba Pronotalia sp. Centaurea solstitialis Sympiesis gregori Boucek Rumex crispus Tetrastichus brevicornis (Panzer) Centaurea solstitialis Tetrastichus deira (Walker) Centaurea solstitialis Tetrastichus sp 1 Centaurea solstitialis Tetrastichus sp. 2 Centaurea solstitialis Eumenidae Genus sp. Carduus nutans Eupelmidae Calosota matritensis Bolivar & Pieltain Carduus pycnocephalus 212 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Calosota sp. Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Eupelmus microzonus Forster Centaurea solstitialis Eupelmus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Linaria sp. Macroneura sp. Centaurea solstitialis Macroneura vesiculciris (Retzius) Convolvidus arvensis Eurytomidae Eurytoma flavimana Boheman Rumex obtusifolius Eurytoma robusta Mayr Carduus macrocephalus Carduus pycnocephalus Carthamus lanatus Centaurea diffusa Centaurea phrygia ? Centaurea scabiosa Centaurea solstitialis Cirsium arvense Cirsium vulgar e Onopordum sp. Eurytoma sp. ( Cardaria draba Carduus collinus Carduus macrocephalus Carduus medius Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Carduus vivariensis Centaurea diffusa Cirsium vulgare Convolvulus arvensis Echinops sphaerocephalus Euphorbia esula Euphorbia seguierana Linaria dalmatica Linaria sp. Rumex obtusifolius 213 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Eurytoma sp. 1 Centaurea solstitialis Eurytoma sp. 2 Centaurea solstitialis Eurytoma sp. 3 Centaurea solstitialis Eurytoma sp. 4 Centaurea solstitialis Eurytoma tibialis Boheman Carduus collinus Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea maculosa Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Cirsium ar\>ense Cirsium vulgare Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus an’ensis Sycophila sp. Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Sycophila submutica (Thomson) Centaurea caerulescens Centaurea jacea Centaurea napifolia Centaurea solstitialis Formicidae Camporrotus lateralis (Olivier) Linaria sp. Camponotus sp. Cardaria draba I satis tinctoria Cataglyphis bicolor (F.) Cardaria draba Cataglyphis cursor ? (Fonscolombe) Linaria sp. Formica rrasuta ? Nylander Linaria sp. 214 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Formica sp. Linaria sp. Iridomirmex humilis (Mayr) Convolvulus ar\>ensis Plagiolepis sp. Linaria da/matica Solenaspis sp. Carduus nutans Tapinoma sp. Cardaria draba Linaria sp. Halictidae Halictus scabiosae (Rossi) Carduus nutans Halictus sp. Cardaria draba Rumex crispus Lasioglossum xanthopus (Kirby) Carduus nutans Ichneumonidae Agrothereutes abbreviatus (F.) Cytisus scoparius Campoletis sp. Carduus nutans Centeterus sp. Rumex obtusifolius Ctenichneumon sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Diadegma fenestralis (Holmgren) Carduus macrocephalus Centaurea diffusa Diadegma sp. Cardaria draba Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus vivariensis Rumex crispus Tamarix sp. Diplazon laetatorius (F.) Cardaria draba Eutanyacra ? sp. Carduus nutans 215 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Exeristes roborator (F.) Carduus nutans Cynara scolymus Exochus ? sp. Rumex sp. Gambrus sp. Rumex sp. Gelis sp. Carduus nutans Rumex sp. Senecio erraticus Genus A sp. Centaurea so/stitialis Genus B sp. Centaurea so/stitialis Genus C sp. Centaurea so/stitialis Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Convolvulus arvensis Glypta sculpturata (Gravenhorst) Centaurea diffusa Heterischnus sp Rumex obtusifolius Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg) Rumex crispus Hyposoter sp. Verbascum sp. Verbascum thapsus Ichneumon sp. Carduus nutans Itoplectis sp. Papaver bracteatum Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst) Rumex sp. Mesochorus sp. Linaria sp. Nepiera collector (Thunberg) Rumex crispus Oronotus sp. Cardaria draba Phygadeuon sp. Cardaria draba 216 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Phytodietus sp. Senecio erraticus Pimpla sp. Cynara scolymus Pristomerus vulnerator (Panzer) Carduus macrocephalus Scambus eucosmarum (Perkins) Centaurea solstitialis Scam bus sp. Senecio jacobaea Syrphoctonus flavolineatus (Gravenhorst) Carduus nutans Temelucha sp. Senecio jacobaea Megachilidae Osmia sp. Cardaria draba Trichosteresis glabra (Boheman) Carduus pycnocephalus Mymaridae Anaphes sp. Linaria sp. Ormyridae Genus sp. Onopordum sp. Ormyrus diffinis (Fonscolombe) Papaver rhoeas Ormyrus gratiosus (Forster) ( Centaurea caerulescens Centaurea solstitialis Ormyrus oriental is Walker Centaurea solstitialis Ormyrus punctiger Westwood Centaurea bracteata Centaurea caerulescens Centaurea jacea Centaurea maculosa Centaurea nicaensis Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sp. Cirsium arvense Onopordum sp. 217 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Ormyrus sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea deusta Centaurea diffusa Centaurea solstitialis Perilampidae Perilampus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Proctotrupidae Proctotrupes sp. Cardaria draba Pteromalidae Anisopteromalns calandrae (Howard) Centaurea solstitialis Asaphes vulgaris (Walker) Carduus sp. Caenacis sp. Centaurea sp. Chlorocytus laogore (Walker) Rumex crispus Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker Papaver rhoeas Dibrachoides dynastes (Forster) Tamarix sp. Dinarmus acutus Thomson Convolvulus an’ensis Genus A sp. Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Genus B sp. Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Genus C sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Genus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus tenuiflorus Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus an’ensis Habrocytus sp. Cardaria draba Lamprotatus splendens Westwood Carduus pycnocephalus 218 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Mesopolobus mediterraneus (Mayr) Tamarix sp. Mesopolobus sp. 1 Tamarix sp. Mesopolobus sp. 2 Tamarix sp. Miscogaster sp. Geranium dissectum Norbanus meridionalis (Masi) Carduus tenuiflorus Carduus vivariensis Pteromalus cardui ? Erdos Centaurea solstitialis Pteromalus elevatus (Walker) Centaurea solstitialis Pteromalus papaveris ? (Forster) Papaver rhoeas Pteromalus puparum (L.) Cardaria draba Pteromalus sp. Cardaria draba Centaurea solstitialis Pteromalus sp. 1 Tamarix sp. Pteromalus sp. 2 Tamarix sp. Sphegigaster sp. Centaurea solstitialis Euphorbia seguierana Spintherus sp. Linaria sp. Syntomopus sp. Euphorbia seguierana Systasis parvula Thomson Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Trichomalus cardui ? (Masi) Centaurea solstitialis Scelionidae Telenomus sp. Convolvulus sp. Linaria sp. Trissolcus sp. Centaurea caerulescens 219 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Sphecidae Entomognathus sp. Cardaria draba Genus sp. Linaria sp. Tenthredinidae Ametastegia equiseti (Fallen) Rumex crispus Athalia glabricollis Thomson Papaver rhoeas Athalm rosae (L.) Cardaria draba Papaver rhoeas Fenella minuta Thomson Geranium dissectum Genus sp Euphorbia esida Torymidae Antistrophoplex cothurnatus (Masi) Centaurea solstitialis Exopristus trigonomerus (Masi) Centaurea solstitialis Genus sp Carduus collinus Centaurea solstitialis Euphorbia cyparissias Liodontomerus sp. Centaurea diffusa P seudotorymus sp. Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Centaurea solstitialis Torymus sp. Tamarix sp. Vespidae Genus sp Linaria sp. 220 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds LEPIDOPTERA Arctiidae Arctia caja (L.) Rumex crispus Phragmatobia fuliginosa (L.) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Procris sp. Cirsium vidgare Thyria jacobaeae (L.) Senecio jacobaea Choreutidae Tebenna bjerkanderella Thunberg Centaurea solstitialis Tebemia micalis ? (Mann) Centaurea solstitialis Coleophoridae Coleophora conspicuella Zeller Centaurea diffusa Coleophora parthenica Meyrick Sal sol a kali Stagmatophora pomposella (L.) Salvia aethiopis Cosmopterygidae Eteobalea beata Walsingham Antirrhinum sp. Eteobalea nitermediella Riedl ( Linaria dalmatica Linaria sp. Linaria vulgaris Eteobalea serrate! la (Treitschke) Linaria dalmatica Linaria sp. Linaria striata Linaria vulgaris Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus thoermeri Carduus vivariensis Carthamus lanatus 221 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) (continued) Centaurea bracteata Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea sphaerocephala Cirsium arvense Cynara scolymus Ga/actites tomentosa Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum Crambidae Agriphila latistria (Haworth) Cytisus scoparius Gelechiidae Brachmia sp. Convolvulus arvensis Brachmia triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer) Convolvulus arvensis Metzneria aestivella (Zeller) Centaurea solstitialis Metzneria aprilella (Herrich-Schaffer) Centaurea solstitialis Crupina vulgaris Metzneria sp. Centaurea solstitialis Neotelphusa sp. Tamarix sp. Nothris verbascella (Hiibner) Verbascum pulverulentum Verbascum thapsus Onebala lamprostoma (Zeller) Convolvulus althaeoides Geometridae Boarmia rhomboidaria (Denis & Schiffermuller) Rumex crispus Boarmia selenaria (Denis & Schiffermuller) Convolvulus arvensis Catharoe rubidata (Denis & Schiffermuller) Galium mollugo Chiasmi a clathrata (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Chlorissa sp. Senecio erraticus 222 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Ematurga a tom aria (L.) Ematurga atomaria orientaria Staudinger Eupithecia absinthiata (Clerck) Eupithecia centaureata (Denis & Schiffermuller) Eupithecia linariata (F.) Eupithecia sp. Gymnoscelis pumilata (Hubner) Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Haworth) Idaea ochrata (Scopoli) Idaea seriata (Schrank) Larentia clavaria (Haworth) Lycia graecaria (Staudinger) Lycia hirtaria Clausen Nyssia florentina Stephan Rhodometra sacraria (L.) ( Scopula imitaria (Hubner) Semiothisa aestimaria ? (Hubner) Sterrha dimidiata (Hufnagel) Sterrha sp. Timandra amataria (L.) Gracillariidae Calybites phasianipennella (Hubner) Associated weeds Rumex crispus Senecio jacobaea Convolvulus arvensis Senecio jacobaea Rumex crispus Senecio erraticus Linaria vulgaris Cirsium vulgare Linaria vulgaris Euphorbia sp. Rumex crispus Rumex crispus Convolvulus arvensis Centaurea diffusa Rumex crispus Convolvulus arvensis Rumex sp. Rumex sp. Tamarix sp. Cirsium vulgare Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus 223 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Hesperidae Genus sp. Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche lepida (Pictet) Lasiocanipidae Genus sp. Lasiocampa quercus (L.) Lycenidae Thersamonia thersamon (Esper) Lymantriidae Limantria dispar (L.) Lyonetidae Bedellia sonmulentella (Zeller) Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hiibner) Nepticulidae Stigmella sp. Noctuidae Acontia lucida (Hufnagel) Aedia leucomelas (L.) Agrochola lychmdis (Denis & Schiffermuller) Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermuller) Apatele rumicis (L.) Apopestes spectrum (Esper) Associated weeds Convolvulus arvensis I satis tinctoria Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Centaurea solstitialis Rumex crispus Convolvulus arvensis Cytisus scoparius Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Spartium junceum 224 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Autographa gamma (L.) Carduus macrocephalus Convolvulus arvensis Papaver pseudoorientale Papaver rhoeas Rumex crispus Salvia verbenaca Axylia putris (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Calophasia casta (Borkhausen) Linaria dalmatica Calophasia lunula (Hufnagel) Carduus nutans Linaria dalmatica Calophasia lunula ? (Hufnagel) Linaria genistifolia Chrysodeixis chalcytes (Esper) Convolvulus arvensis Clyde illunaris (Hubner) Crupina vulgaris Discestra trifolii ? (Hufnagel) Convolvulus arvensis Dypterygia scabriuscula (L.) Rumex obtusifolius Eilema sp. Convolvulus ar\>ensis Emmelia trabealis (Scopoli) Cardaria draba Convolvulus arvensis Genus sp. Carthamus lanatus Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia seguierana Gortyna flavago (Denis & Schiffermuller) Carduus nutans Grammodes stolida (F.) Cynara sp. Heliothis peldgera (Denis & Schiffermuller) Centaurea calcitrapa Salvia limbata Heliothis sp. Linaria sp. Hoplodrina ambigua (Denis & Schiffermuller) Rumex crispus 225 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Hydraecia micacea (Esper) Rumex crispus Hypena lividalis (Hiibner) Convolvulus arvensis Ipimorpha sp. Papaver bracteatum Laccmobia oleracea (L.) Rumex crispus Leucania sp. Convolvulus arvensis Mamestra brassicae (L.) Carduus nutans Convolvulus arvensis Mamestra oleracea (L ) Convolvulus arvensis Mythimna albipuncta (Denis & Schiffermuller) Rumex crispus Mythimna unipuncla (Haworth) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Mythimna vitellina (Hiibner) Rumex crispus Noctua comes (Hiibner) Rumex crispus Noctua interjecta (Hiibner) Rumex crispus Rumex sp. Noctua pronuba L Rumex acetosa Rumex crispus Ochropleura plecta (L.) Rumex obtusifolius Oxycesta geographica (F.) Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia stepposa Peridroma saucia (Hiibner) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Senecio aethnensis Senecio cineraria Senecio erraticus Phlogophora meticulosa (L.) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Phytometra sp. Salvia verbenaca 226 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Plusia nigrisigna Walker Carduus edelhergii Porphyrmia ostrina (Htibner) Carduus macrocephalus Porphyrinia parva (Htibner) Carduus edelbergii Carthamus lanatus Centaurea bracteata Centaurea calcitrapa Centaurea napifolia Centaurea repens Centaurea solstitialis Porphyrima porphyrina (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus sp. Cirsium odontolepis Rivula sericealis (Scopoli) Convolvulus arvensis Simyra dentinosa Freyer Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia seguierana Simyra newosa (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Euphorbia esula Spodoptera exigaa (Htibner) Convolvulus arvensis Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) Convolvulus arvensis Synthymia fixa (F.) Convolvulus arvensis Thalpophila matura (Hufnagel) Rumex crispus Tyta liictaosa (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Convolvulus arvensis Xestia xanthographa (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Rumex crispus Xylena vetusta (Htibner) Convolvulus arvensis Nymphalidae Inachis io (L.) Urtica dioica 227 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Melitaea cinxia (L.) Carduus nutans Cynara scolymus Melitaea didyma Esper Linaria dalmatica Linaria sp. Melitaea sp. Convolvulus arvensis Vanessa car dm L Carduus edelbergii Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Onopordum sp. Salvia palaestina Silybum marianum Oecophoridae Agonopteryx sp. Carduus pycnocepha/us Agonopteryx snbpropinqnella Staudinger Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Centaurea solstitialis Depressaria sp. Centaurea cineraria Pleurota sp. Convolvulus an’ensis Oleuthretidae Argyroploce arbntella ? (L.) Convolvulus an’ensis Pieridae Genus sp. Isatis tinctoria Pieris sp. Cardaria draba Isatis tinctoria Plutellidae Homadaula ? sp. Euphorbia esula Plutella maculipennis Curtis Cardaria draba Linaria sp. 228 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds PliitellaxylosteUci (L.) Cardaria draba Psychidae Dissoctena granigerella ? Staudinger Convolvulus arvensis Pterolonchidae Pterolonche albescens Zeller Centaurea diffusa Pterolonche inspersa Staudinger Centaurea diffusa Centaurea maculosa Pterolonche pnlvernlentella ? Zeller Centaurea diffusa Pterolonche sp. Centaurea deusta Centaurea nicaensis Pterophoridae Oidematophoras monodactylus (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Oidematophorus monodactylus ? (L.) Euphorbia esula Platyptilla sp. Senecio jacobaea Pterophorus pentadactylus (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Rumex crispus Stenoptilia pteriodactyla ? (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Pyralidae Agriphila tristella (Denis & Schiffermuller) Verbascum pulverulentum Chrysocrambus linetellus (F.) Convolvulus ar\>ensis Ercta sp. Cirsium vulgare Genus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Gymnancyla canella (Hiibner) Salsola kali Homoeosoma cretacella Roessner Senecio erraticus 229 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Homoeosoma mucidella Ragonot Homoeosoma nebulella (Denis & Schiffermuller) Homoeosoma nebulella ? (Denis & Schiffermuller) Homoeosoma sp. Hydrisis ornatalis (Duponchel) Myelois cribrella (Hubner) Nephopteryx divisella Duponchel Noctuelia floralis (Hubner) Phycitodes albatella ? (Ragonot) Phycitodes binaevella (Hubner) Phycitodes binaevella ? (Hubner) Phycitodes carlinella (Heinemann) Pyrausta cespitalis (Denis & Schiffermuller) Pyrausta sp. Salebria ? sp. Sitochra vertical is (L.) Titanio normalis (Hubner) Udeaferrugalis (Hubner) Associated weeds Senecio jacobaea Carduus nutans Cirsium vulgare Cynara scolymus Convolvulus arvensis Carduus nutans Carthamus lanatus Onopordum tauricum Euphorbia characias Convolvulus ar\>ensis Senecio jacobaea Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus pycnocephalus Carduus edelbergii Senecio erraticus Convolvulus arvensis Carduus nutans Tamarix sp. Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulus arvensis Cirsium vulgare Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Salvia verbenaca 230 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Satyridae Hyponepheles sp. Carduus pycnocephalus Lasiommata megera (L.) Carduus pycnocephalus Melcmargia galathea (L.) Carduus nutans Mehtaea sp. Convolvolus arvensis Scythrididae Scythris sp. Centaurea solstitialis Convolvulus arvensis Sesiidae Chamaesphecia bibioniformis (Esper) Euphorbia sp. Chamaesphecia crassicornis (Bartel) Euphorbia pseudovirgata Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper) Euphorbia esula Euphorbia gerardiana Chamaesphecia leucopsiformis (Esper) Euphorbia cyparissias Chamaesphecia sp. Euphorbia esula Euphorbia seguierana Euphorbia sp. Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis (Denis & Schiffermuller) Euphorbia cyparissias Euphorbia esula Euphorbia seguierana Pyropteron chrysidiforme (Esper) Rumex crispus Rumex obtusifolius Rumex sp. Sphingidae A grins convolvuli (L.) Convolvulus arvensis Celerio euphorbiae (L.) Euphorbia esula Euphorbia sp. 231 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Celerio sp. Euphorbia stepposa Genus sp. Euphorbia sp. Linar ia sp Tortricidae Acroc/yta subsequana (Herrich-Schaffer) Euphorbia characias Agape ta zoegana (L.) Centaurea diffusa Centaurea maculosa Ar chips crataeganus (Hiibner) Convolvulus ar\>ensis Argyrotaenia pulchellana (Haworth) Convolvulus an’ensis Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) Convolvulus an’ensis Cynara scolymus Euphorbia segetalis Linaria vulgaris Rumex crispus Senecio erucifolius Senecio nemorensis Cnephasia abrasana (Duponchel) Centaurea solstitialis Cnephasia incertana (Treitschke) Centaurea solstitialis Cnephasia sp. Centaurea napifolia Silybum marianum Tamarix sp. Cochylis atricapitana ? (Stephens) Senecio erraticus Senecio jacobaea Cochy/is hybndella ? (Hiibner) Carduus edelbergii Cirsium arvense Cochylis posterana (Zeller) Carduus nutans Carduus tenuiflorus Carduus vivariensis Centaurea calcitrapa Onopordum sp. Crocidosema plebejana (Zeller) Abu ti Ion theophrasti 232 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Epiblema pflugiana ? (F.) Cirsium vidgare Epiblema scutulana (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Carduus thoermeri Carduus vivariensis Eucosma campoliliana (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Senecio jacobaea Eucosma cana Hawkins Carduus nutans Eucosma sp. Carduus nutans Exartema sp. Senecio jacobaea Genus sp. Convolvulus arvensis Euphorbia sp. Tamarix sp. Lobesia sp. Euphorbia esula Euphorbia stepposa Oleuthreutes lacunana (Denis & Schiffermuller) Rumex sp. Paracelypha rivulana (Scopoli) Convolvulus arvensis Pseudocosma caecimaculana (Htibner) Centaurea diffusa Spanganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Convolvulus arvensis Stenodes alternana (Stephens) Centaurea diffusa Zygaenidae Adscita chi or os ? (Htibner) Centaurea diffusa Adscita globulariae (Htibner) Carduus macrocephalus Carduus nutans Zygaena erythrus (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Eryngium campestre 233 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds NEUROPTERA Ascalaphidae Ascalaphus libelluloides (L.) Rumex sp. Chrysopidae Chrysopa carnea ? Stephens Linaria sp. Genus sp. Ccirdaria draba Rumex crispus Hemerobiidae Micr omits angulalus (Stephens) Rumex sp. Raphidiidae Raphidia sp. Centaurea solstitialis ORTHOPTERA Acrididae Chorthippus dorsatus (Zettersted) Carduus nutans Genus sp Cardaria draba Poecilimon ? sp. Cardaria draba Gryllidae Acheta domestica ? (L.) Rumex obtusifolius Gry lilts campestris ? L Rumex crispus Gryllus sp. Carduus nutans Oeccinthus pellucens (Scopoli) Carduus nutans Trigonidium cicinde/oides Rambur Rumex crispus Trigonidium ? sp. Rumex crispus 234 Table 2. Taxonomic list of insects and the weeds associated with them (continued) Insects Associated weeds Tettigonidae Tettigonia caudata (Charpenter) Linaria sp. THYSANOPTERA Aelothripidae Genus sp. Centaurea solstitialis Thripidae Scolothrips sp. Convolvulus arvensis Thnps tabaci (L.) Convolvulus ar\>ensis TRIG H 0 PTE RA Hydropsychidae Cheumautopsyche lepida (Pictet) Tamarix sp. 235 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents Plant and associated parasitic insect* Biocontrol agent Insect association to plant Carduus macrocephalus Desf. Apanteles phaloniae Wilkinson Epiblema scutidana ex stem (Hymenoptera Braconidae) (Denis & SchifFermiiller) Diadegma fenestralis (Holmgren) Epiblema scutidana ex stem (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) (Denis & Schiffermuller) Genus sp (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Epiblema scutidana ex larva Pristomerus vulnerator (Panzer) (Denis & Schiffermuller) Epiblema scutidana ex stem (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) (Denis & Schiffermuller) Carduus nutans L. Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Epiblema scutidana ex larva Brachymeria sp. (Denis & Schiffermuller) unknown Lepidoptera ex pupa (Hymenoptera Chalcididae) Calosota sp. (Hymenoptera Eupelmidae) Lixus sp. ex pupa Ctenichneumon sp. Cheilosia corydon ex pupa (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) (Harris) Diospilus oleraceus Haliday Trichosirocalus horridus ex larva (Hymenoptera Braconidae) (Panzer) Genus B sp. Agapanthia sp. ex egg (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Musca autumnalis DeGeer Epiblema scutulana ? ex plant (Diptera Muscidae) (Denis & Schiffermuller) Carduus pycnocephalus L. Bracon sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Larinus planus (F.) ex larva Bracon sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Trichosirocalus horridus ex larva Bracon sp. 3 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) (Panzer) Trichosirocalus horridus ex larva Dendrocerus sp. (Panzer) unknown Diptera ex pupa (Hymenoptera Ceraphronidae) Genus A sp (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Trichosirocalus horridus ex larva Genus C sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) (Panzer) unknown Aphidiidae ex insect * Insect names are indented under plant names. Plant names are in bold. 236 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents (continued) Plant and associated parasitic insect Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Genus A sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Genus C sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Trichosteresis glabra (Boheman) (Hymenoptera Megaspilidae) Carduus sp. Asaphes vulgaris (Walker) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Zeaxia nigripes (Meigen) (Diptera Tachinidae) Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis Elachertus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Centaurea diffusa Lam. Bithia sp. (Diptera Tachinidae) Dacnusa sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Diadegma fenestralis (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Glypta sculpturata (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Liodontomerus sp. (Hymenoptera Torymidae) Ormyrus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) Centaurea solstitialis L. Bracon pectoralis ? Westwood (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon qamquemaculatus Szeleni (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bracon sp. 4 (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Biocontrol agent Insect association to plant unknown Lepidoptera ex larva Hadroplontus trimaculatus (F.) ex larva unknown Trypetidae ex larva unknown Diptera ex pupa Ceratapion sp. ex larva Ceratapion sp. ex larva Lixus sp. ex stem unknown Lepidoptera ex larva unknown Lepidoptera ex plant leafmining larva reared Pseudocosma reared caecimaculana (Hiibner) unknown Lepidoptera reared Isocolus sp. reared Isocolus sp. reared Chaetorellia hexachaeta reared (Loew) Chaetorellia hexachaeta reared (Loew) Eustenopus villosus reared 237 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents (continued) Plant and associated parasitic insect Biocontrol agent Insect association to plant Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Eurytoma sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Exopristus trigonomerus (Masi) (Hymenoptera Torymidae) Genus B sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Hyssopus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Tetrastichus sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Convolvulus an’ensis L. Ase codes ? sp (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Dinarmus acutus Thomson (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Isomera cinerascens (Rondani) (Diptera Tachinidae) Strobliomyia tibialis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera Tachinidae) Cynara scolymus (L.) Hayek Biosteres carbonarius (Nees) (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Agrothereuthes abbreviatus (F.) (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Euphorbia seguierana Necker Apanteles vanessae Reinhard (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Eurytoma sp (Hymenoptera Eurytomidae) Urophora sirunaseva reared (Hering) Urophora sirunaseva reared (Hering) Chaetorellia sp. reared Eustenopus vil/osus reared Isocolus sp. reared Isocolus sp reared Urophora sirunaseva reared (Hering) Galeruca rufa Germar reared unknown Bruchidae reared Tyta luctuosa reared (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Tyta luctuosa reared (Denis & Schiffermtiller) unknown Anthomyiidae reared unknown Lepidoptera ex larva Symira dentinosa ex larva Freyer unknown Diptera ex pupa 238 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents (continued) Plant and associated parasitic insect Biocontrol agent Insect association to plant Exorista segregata (Rondani) Symira dentinosa reared (Diptera Tachinidae) Freyer Sphegigaster sp. unknown Diptera ex pupa (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Syntomopus sp. unknown Diptera ex pupa (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Euphorbia sp. Exorista segregata (Rondani) unknown Lepidoptera reared (Diptera Tachinidae) Genus sp. (Diptera Tachinidae) Chamaesphecia sp. reared Euphorbia stepposa Zoz. ex Prokhanov Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Oxycesta geographica reared Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Genus sp. (Diptera Tachinidae) (F) unknown Lepidoptera reared Linaria sp. Mesochus sp. Chrysolina sp. reared (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Linaria vulgaris Miller Che /onus sp. Eteobalea serratella reared (Hymenoptera Braconidae) (Treitschke) Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Eteobalea serratella reared Onopordum sp. Genus sp. (Hymenoptera Ormyridae) (Treitschke) unknown Tephritidae ex pupa Pap aver bracteatum L. Itoplectis sp. unknown Lepidoptera ex pupa (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Papaver dubium L. Aphidius sp. (Hymenoptera Aphididae) unknown Aphidiidae reared Lysiphlebus sp. unknown Aphidiidae reared (Hymenoptera Aphididae) 239 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents (continued) Plant and associated parasitic insect Biocontrol agent Insect association to plant Pap aver hybridum L. Aphidius sp. (Hymenoptera Aphididae) unknown Aphidiidae reared Papaver rhoeas L. Aphidius sp. (Hymenoptera Aphididae) unknown Aphidiidae reared Chrysocharis sp Ay lax sp. reared (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Cyrtogaster vulgaris Walker Ay lax sp reared (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Dendrocerus sp. unknown Aphidiidae reared (Hymenoptera Ceraphronidae) Diaeretiella sp. unknown Aphidiidae reared (Hymenoptera Aphididae) Diglyphus sp. Ay lax sp. reared (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Papaver somniferum L. Chrysocharis sp. unknown leafminer reared (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) Diglyphus sp. (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) unknown leafminer reared Rumex crispus L. Apanteles amensis ? Nixon Lepidoptera larva reared (Hymenoptera Braconidae) Bithia modesta (Meigen) Pyropteron reared (Diptera Tachinidae) chrysidiforme (Esper) Isomer a cinerascens (Rondani) Pyropteron reared (Diptera Tachinidae) chrysidiforme (Esper) Rumex sp. Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera Braconidae) unknown Lepidoptera reared Senecio jacobaea L. Diglyphosema sp Agromyza sp. reared (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) Eutrias sp. (Hymenoptera Cynipidae) unknown Diptera reared Psilus sp. (Hymenoptera Diaprididae) Hylemya seneciella reared (Meade) 240 Table 3. Parasites associated with biocontrol agents (continued) Plant and associated parasitic insect Biocontrol agent Insect association to plant Tamarix sp. Dibrachoides dynastes (Forster) (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Mesopolobus sp. (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Pteromalus sp. 1 (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Pteromalus sp. 2 (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae) Verbascum sp. Hyposoter sp. (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) Verbascum thapsus L. Hyposoter sp. 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