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no . 53
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TECHNICAL NOTE NO. 53

OCTOBER 1, 1942

OUTSIDE-BARK FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLES
FOR SOME SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SPECIES

By

JESSE H. BUELL
Associate Silviculturist

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE; FOREST SERVICE

Appalachian Forest Experiment Station
R, E, McArdle, Director
Asheville, N, C,

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
LIBRARY

1.9

Book number F7623T
no. 53

cop.l

0 po 8— 7671

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1

Definitions of form class 2

Distribution of form class in forest stands.... 3

Method used in making basic tables 3

Utilization limits, scaling methods and log scales used

in basic data 4

Tables for species groups 4

Use of basic tables in making local tables 4

Example; construction of local table 5

Changing o.b. form class tables to i.b. form class tables.. 7

Index to the volume tables. 10

The indispensable aid of Work Projects Administration Project
0. P. 165-2-32-94, in carrying through the laborious computations,
'is gratefully acknowledged.

OUTSIDE-BARK FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLES FOR
Som SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SPECIES^

By

Jesse H. Buell, Associate Silviculturist

INTRODUCTION

Board -foot volume tables applicable to restricted localities are in
continual demand. Public foresters need local tables for use on lands
under their supervision or for helping farmers and other owners of small
woodlands to prepare forest management plans. Private foresters need
tables which, will give dependable results in a wide variety of stands.
Regional volume tables based on height and d.b.h. (diameter breast high)
are often used locally with the hope that they are not too far off.
Accumulated experience has shown that such regional tables vary in de-
pendability. In some localities of the region, accurate estLmates result
from their use; in others, estimates have been found to be in consider-
able error. Aside from mistakes in application, including neglect to
obtain accurate local cull figures, two factors are primarily responsible
for the failure of carefully made regional tables to provide consistently
accurate results. Possibly the less important of these factors are dif-
ferences between limits of utilization as practiced, and those assumed in
the table. Stump heights and top utilization not only differ within a
region, but vary with economic conditions, and may thus depart from the
utilization standards used in the table. The more Important factor is
the variation within a region of the form, or bole taper, of a given spe-
cies. Application of a regional volume table, which gives volumes of
trees of average taper for the region in each diameter-height class, will
not give reliable results for a tract wherein relation of tree taper to
diameter and height differs from that of the regional average. Even

l/To answer the many requests for these volume tables, they are being
issued in this temporary form to serve until after the present emergency
when they may be printed.

though the additional accuracy of local volume tables is urgently de-
sired, the construction of local volume tables by means of stem measure-
ments remains a task for vdiich many practicing foresters do not feel that
time is availabl.e.

One solution of this problem, a partial one at least, is the prepa
ration of regional tables which give tree volumes for various combinations
of d.b.h., merchantable height and form class. Such tables serve as ref-
erence bases from which volume tables for local use can be made through
simple arithmietical procedures when once a knowledge of tree form in a
particular locality is accamulated.

Tables are here presented for l6 important species of the Appalachian
and mid-Atlantic states. Each table gives tree volumes by various combi-
nations of d.b.h. and merchantable height for a fixed "outside-bark'* form
class, but provision is made for converting the volumes, by a simple mul-
tiplication, to volumes for any other form class that may be encountered.

The fact must be emphasized that, unless these basic tables are modi-
fied and corrected for the form classes prevailing in the stands to be
cruised, they may prove to be less accurate for a given locality than a
well prepared set of regional tables based on diameter and height only.
Directions for this modification are presented in the section entitled,
"Use of Basic Tables in Making Local Tables."

DEFINITIONS OF FORM CLASS

It is essential that the reader attain a thorough^ understanding of
the distinction between inside-bark fom class and the outside-bark form
class used to express tree taper in the tables presented. Outside-bark

form class is defined as the percent which the diameter outside bark at

the top of the first l6, 3-foot log is of the diameter outside bark at
breast height (4<5 feet above the ground). Inside-bark form class is de-
fined as the percent which the diameter inside bark at the top of the
first 16.3-foot log is of the diameter outside bark at breast height.

Both types of form class are ratios of diameter at the top of the first

16.3-foot log to diameter at breast height; the difference is, for out-

side bark form class the upper diameter is measured or estimated outside
baric, but for the inside-bark form class this upper diameter is measured
or estimated inside bark.

A major advantage of the outside-bark form class is that the neces-
sary measurement at the top of the first l6-foot log of a standing tree
can be taken directly without determination of bark thickness. Thus a
dendrometer, an instrument for measuring upper diameters of standing
trees by sighting through a telescope, which can obviously read only out-
side-bark diameters, can be used in measuring outside-bark form classes;
and if trees are to be climbed to measure the upper diameter, outside-bark

form classes can be obtained without measuring bark thiclcness. It is
also believed that the man lacking special skill can more readily becom.e
proficient in reliable ocular estimates of outside-bark form class be-
cause considerations of bark thiclmess are not necessary.

DISTRIBUTION OF FORl-I CLASS IN FOREST STANDS

The ways in which both inside- and outside-bark form class are cor-
related with diameter class or merchantable length in forest stands are
not yet well understood. Preliminary studies have indicated that such
correlations show considerable variability. In some localities the form
class for a given species increased as d.b.h. increased. In others a de-
crease in form class was associated with increasing d.b.h. It was found
that no correlation whatever between form class and either d.b.h. or mer-
chantable height existed in many localities, and an average for a given-
species, irrespective of tree size, was a satisfactory expression of form
class .

Because no general rules can yet be presented on the distribution of
form classes over the range of tree sizes for the l6 species for which
volume tables are presented, it is essential that the nature of such dis-
tributions be determined locally if the accuracy of a volume table made
up from local data is desired.

METHOD USED IN ILiKING BASIC TABLES

The basic tables were prepared from equations derived by multiple
regression, the logarithm of board-foot volume being expressed in terms
of three independent variables: (l) logarithm of. d.b.h, in inches, (2)
logarithm of merchantable height in. feet, and (3) outside-bark form class.
Measurements from individual trees were used, without grouping. The full
effect of o.b. form class measured separately for each tree is thus shown
in the equations, and consequently they may be used to obtain unusually
accurate estimates of the volumes of trees for each of which the o-b,
form class is known in addition to the d.b.h, and merchantable height.

To save space, each table was made up only for the average o.b. form
class of the trees basic to the table. Multipliers for converting the
tabular volumes to volumes of trees of any other. o.b. form class are
given at the bottom of the table , along with an example showing how to
make the conversion.

i

UTILIZATION LIMITS .. SCALING METHODS AMD LOG SCALES USED IN BASIC DATA

The tables give volumes to a variable top diameter, as actually
utilized. A discussion of the relation of utilized top diameter to d.b.h.
has already been given by Barrett,^ much of the data basic to the present
tables having been previously used by him. Field measurements for each
tree were plotted on cross-section paper and smooth curves drawn through
the plotted points. The trees were then rescaled, using small-end diam-
eters of logs read from the curves. Log lengths as actually cut were used
as often as possible, but all log lengths were made an even multiple of
2 feet plus a trimming allowance of 0.3 feet, and all cull sections were
included as though they were sound. Log volumes for International,
Scribner, and Doyle-Scribner rules were read from tables made up from
formulas to read to the nearest 2 feet of log length and to the nearest
0.1 inch of diameter. Following custom, Scribner Decimal C volumes are
shown in the tables to the nearest 10 board feet; for the other log rules,
volumes are shown to the nearest board foot. The Doyle-Scribner tables
give volumes by the Doyle formula for all logs up to 24*9 inches in diam-
eter, and by Scribner formula for larger logs. The Doyle formula was
applied strictly, even to the small logs, In other words, logs 8 inches
or less in diameter were not given a board-foot v'-alue equal to their
length in feet as is the custom in parts of the Southeast.

TABLES FOR SPECIES GROUPS '

Grouped-species tables are supplied for use of those who, for the
sake of the convenience of having a smaller number of tables to handle,
are willing to sacrifice something in accuracy. A pair of species was
considered suitable for grouping if a comparison of the individual-spe-
cies voluTiie tables shov/ed that for small, medium, and large trees, the
volumes did not vary more than 6 percent from the mean of the two tables.
The groups used are those that seemed most logical among the possible
ones. The equation for any group was derived by adding the equations for
the species in the group and dividing by the number of species. Each
species is thus given equal weight regardless of the number of sample
trees in the species.

USE OF BASIC TABLES IN MAKING LOCAL TABLES

Tlie chief usefulness of the volume tables presented here depends on
the fact that the average form of trees, or the relation of tree form to

.i^'Barrett, L. 1. Recent volume tables for some southern Appalachian
species. Appalachian Forest Exp. Sta, Tech. Note 19. Feb. 1936.

- 4 -

d.b.h. or height, or both, may differ from locality to locality. Because
of this, the tables may be used as a base from which local volume tables
can be derived. Such derived tables will usually not be quite as accu-
rate as tables based on d.b.h. and height made from a generous amount of
representative local data, but the labor involved is much less and the
results are more accurate than could be obtained from an ordinary re-
gional volume table wherever the relation of form to d.b.h. and height
differs locally from the average regional relation of form to d.b.h. and
height .

In the locality where one of the tables is to be used, the d.b.h. ,
merchantable height, and o.b. form class of a sufficient number of trees
of the species concerned should be measured to determine whether o.b.
form class is correlated with d.b.h. or with merchantable height (or
with both). For such correlations, o.b. form classes should be taken on
30 to 50 trees well distributed throughout the diameter range present.
O.b. form class can be determined by measuring o.b. diameters at the top
of the first l6. 3-foot log on felled trees. On standing trees it can be
measured by climbing, or with a dendrometer, or it can be estimated.
Estimates, checked as frequently as possible by measurements, may be ac-
curate enough when made by a practiced individual. O.b. diameters at
the top of the first log are divided by d.b.h. o.b. and multiplied by 100
to get o.b. form classes. Plot o.b. form class over d.b.h. and then
over merchantable height to see where the greater correlation lies. (If
greater refinement is desired, more data can be collected and the plot-
ting of o.b. form class made over d.b.h. by merchantable height classes.)
Fit a free-hand curve to the plotting showing the closer correlation,
and from it read the average o.b. form class by d.b.h. classes, or height
classes (or both if separate plottings are made over d.b.h. by height
classes). For each average o.b. form class thus obtained, read the cor-
responding multiplier from the tabulation appended to the volume table
and apply it to the proper part of the basic table.

If there is no correlation between o.b. form class and d.b.h., or
merchantable height, then the multiplier corresponding to the mean o.b.
form class can be applied to the whole basic table.

An example will make the procedure clearer.

EXAllPLE: CONSTRUCTION OF LOCAL TABLE

On the Bent Creek Experimental Forest where local Scribner board-
foot volume tables were needed, d.b.h., merchantable height, and outside-
bark form factor were measured on 59 black oak trees. Plotting showed
that form class was correlated with d.b.h. , but not with height. The
relation of form class to d.b.h, for the 59 black oaks appeared to be
linear, and a straight line was fitted to the data. The average form
class for each 2~inch d.b.h. class as read from the plotted line is given

in the second colmnn of the tabulation below. In the third column are
entered tiie multipliers corresponding to these o.b. form classes, read
from the table of multipliers appended to the black oak Scribner table
(Table 31)- The volumes in the tabulation were then computed by multi-
pl^ma'; the values in a horizontal line of Table 31 by the multiplier
entered for the particular d.b.h. class. Using the 20-inch d.b.h. class
as an example, the 9> 15) 21, 26, 30, and 35 board-foot volumes read
opposite 20 inches in Table 31, when multiplied by 1.10 give the 10, l6,
23, 29, 33 and 3S board-foot volumes shown opposite 20 inches in the
local volume table.

Local Volujiie Table

Black Oak (Scribner Decimal C) - Bent Creek Experimental Forest

D.B.H.

: Average
: o.b.

: f orm
: class

Multiplier

1

2

Number

1

of 16.3-

IJ

-foot

2

logs

3

In.

Gross volume in bd. ft.

(Tens)

12

85

1.02

3

5

6

8

9

11

14

85

1.02

4

7

9

11

13

15

16

86

1.05

5

9

13

16

19

22

18

87

1.08

8

13

17

22

26

29

20

88

1.10

10

16

23

29

33

38

22

89

1.13

12

22

29

36

43

49

24

90

l.l6

27

37

45

53

6l

26

90

1.16

32

44

55

65

74

28

91

1.19

39

54

67

79

90

30

92

1.22

48

65

81

94

109

32

93

1.25

55

74

93

110

126

This

local volume table

used

for the black oak

trees

on 20.

8 acres

f cruise

plots in the oak tj^e or

the Bent

Creek Forest

gave a

total of

15,140 board feet of that species. The regional volume table made up
from the data basic to the form class volume tables presented here, but
based on d.b.h. and merchantable height alone, gave a total of 13,800
board feet for the same black oak trees. The difference amounts to near-
ly 10 percent of the volume obtained from the regional table.

Local tables made up from form class tables through the use of local
data on th.e relation of form class to d.b.h. and height ?;ill be an im-
provement over regional tables whenever the relation of form class to
d.b.h. and height differs locally from the average relation between these
variables in the data basic to the regional table. In some instances a
regional table may serve as a local table with little or no modification,
but where accuracy is sought it v/ould be unsafe to use the regional table
without first testing it. Local tables will often differ more v/idely
from regional tables than does the black oak table in this example.

6

CIIANGING O.B. FORM CLASS TABLES TO L.B. FORM GLASS TABLES

Because individuaLs already accustomed to the use of inside -bark
form classes raay find that the volume tables presented here require an
inconvenient departure from their usual procedures, a method of translat-
ing them to i.b. form class tables has been worked out. By use of mul-
tipliers calculated from the tabulation given below, the o.b. form class
volume tables can be changed to i.b, form class tables. The translation
is from a table of a certain o.b. form class to a table of a numerically
equivalent i.b. form class — from o.b, form class 84? for instance, to
i.b. form class 84.

The values of b and a in the tabulation depend on (l) the regression
of bark thic]:ness at the top of the first I6. 3-foot log on d.b.h.o.b. and
(2) the partial regression of logarithm of volume on o.b. form class as
given in the equation accompanying each volume table. Item (2) changes
with the log rule used. Consequently there are separate values of b and
a for International, Scribner and Doyle-Scribner log rules.

Constants for the calculation of multipliers by which to transform

o.b. form class

volume

tables to

i.b. form

class

volume tables.

International

Scribner

Doyle

'Scribner

b

a

b

a

b

a

Eastern white pine

.0476

.0667

.0492

.0690

.0598

.0838

Loblolly pine

.0429

.8835

.0475

.9791

,0622

1.2813

Virginia pine

.0072

,203s

.0076

.2136

.0096

.2713

Shortleaf pine

.0132

.5433

.0143

. 5868

.0182

.7466

Eastern hemlock

,0622

.3760

,0630

.3807

.0745

.4503

Sweet birch

.0760

-.1926

.0754 -

.1911

.0908

-.2300

Eastern red oak

.0633

.3384

.0635

.3391

.0784

.4190

Scarlet oak

.0461

.4281

.0478

.4432

.0602

.5589

Black oak

.0557

.7957

.0544

,7762

.0655

.9351

White oak

.0361

.5364

.0365

.5425

.0449

.6676

Chestnut oak

.0649

-3836

.0630

.3725

.0755

. 44^4

Yellowpoplar

.1153

- . 1884

.1196 -

.1953

.1446

-.2361

Sugar maple

.0431

.8267

.0454

.8719

.0568

1,0889

Red maple

.0263

• 4582

.0265

,4601

.0322

.5608

Basswood

.0501

.7235

.0518

.7479

.0647

.9344

White ash

.0669

.0687

.0084

.0838

.0845

.8442

logarithm M = b -b a (l/D) .
f where D = d.b.h.o.b.

and M = multiplier by which to transform o.b, form class

volume table to i.b. form class volume table.

- 7 -

If D = d.b.h.o.b. ,

F = numerical value of a form class, either o.b. or i.b., and
M = factor by which to multiply volume of a tree of o.b, form
class F to get volume of a tree of the same d.b.h. and mer-
chantable length with i.b. form class F,
then M may be calculated from the equation:

logarithm M= b -t a (l/D).

For scarlet oak, for example, the tabulation shows that for the
Scribner rule, b = .0478 and a = .4432. The equation for scarlet oak,
Scribner rule is then:

logaritlim M= .0478 4- .4432 (l/D)

making it evident that the multiplier v;ill change with diameter. Below
are given the values of the multiplier for scarlet oak, Scribner rule, by
2-inch diameter classes as v/orked out from the equation. Note that above
about 18 inches the multipliers change very little, and l.l6 iTiight be
used with only slight error for all diameters 20 inches and larger. For
some species and log rules the multiplier may change so little with diam-
eter that one value could be used for all diameters.

Multipliers

for scarlet

oak, Scribner

rule

b = . 0478

a= .4432 .

log M = b + a

(l/D)

D.B.H.

l/D

log M

M

10

.1000

.0921

1.24

12

.0833

,0847

1.22

14

.0714

.0794

1.20

16

.0625

.0755

1.19

18

.0556

.0724

1.18

20

.0500

.0700

1.17

22

.0455

.0680

1.17

24

.0417

.0663

1.16

26

.0385

.0649

1.16

28

.0357

.0636

1.16

30

.0333

.0626

1.16

32

.0312

.0616

1.15

34

.0294

.0608

1.15

36

.0278

.0601

1-15

D= d.b.h.o.b.

M = factor by which to multiply volume of a tree
of o.b, form class F to get volume of a tree
of i.b. form class F.

Table 30 of the o.b. form class voiujne tables gives Scribner Deci-
mal C volumes for scarlet oaks of o.b. form class 87. If the values for

- 8 -

10-inch trees are multiplied by 1.24, those for 12-inch trees by 1.22,
etc. (see multipliers for scarlet oak, above), there will result a table
by 2-inch diameter classes for scarlet oaks of i.b. form class 87,
Scribner Decimal C volume. Following is part of such a table from which
volumes for l/2-log length are omitted.

SCARLET OAK

I.B. FORM CUSS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET-SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
I.B. FORM CUSS 87

Number of I6. 3-foot logs

D.B.H.

1

2

3

4

5

In.

Gross volume

in board feet

( Tens)

10

4

7

10

12

6

10

15

17

14

8

14

20

25

36

135

183

228

269

If a table for some other i.b. form class, say 70, is wanted, the
above table can be converted to it by using the multiplier for form class
70 given in the tabulation at the end of Table 30. This multiplier is
.67- The Scribner Decimal C volume of 36-inch trees 2, 3, 4, and 5 logs,
i.b. form class 70 are therefore, respectively, .67 x 135, .67 x 183,

.67 X 228, and .67 x 269, or 90, 123, 153, and 180 tens of board feet.

The T\rork of converting volumes (1) from o.b. form class to i.b. form
class of the same numerical value, and then (2) to i.b, form class of
some other numerical value can be combined into one job by using the prod-
uct of the two multipliers concerned. In the example above, the multi-
plier for converting volumes of 36-inch trees from o.b. form class 87 to
i.b. form class 87 is 1.15, and for converting form class 87 to form
class 70 is .67. The multiplier for doing the two jobs at once is there-
fore 1.15 X .67 or .77- The results of converting volumes of 36-inch
trees 2, 3, 4, and 5 logs, o.b. form class 87, directly to volumes of
trees of the same d.b.h. and merchantable heights but of i.b. form class
70 are (see Form Class Volume Table 30): ,77 x 117, *77 x 159, -11 x

198, and .77 X 234, or 90, 122, 152, and 180, the same results as before
except for differences due to rounding off.

" 9 -

XABIE lo-SASTM mniE Pliffl
O.B.-FCEM Cl ASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD Fm INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 82

^Nufflber of l6.3~foot logs-

DBH J 1 2 2| 3 3i 4 44 5 54 6 64 7

In, GrosB yolume la board feet

10

43

37

49

60

11

28

45

60

73

85

12

33

54

72

88

102

116

13

39

64

85

104

123

137.,

153

196

14

46

75

99

121

141

161

179,

15

53

86

115

140

163

185

206

227

246

16

61

99

131

160

187

212

237

259

282

303

17

69

112

149

182

212

2a

263

294

320

344

18

78

126

168

205

240

272

303

333

361

388

19

88

142

188

230

268

305

339

372

4O4

434

20

97

158

209

256

298

339

373

414

450

48A

21

108

175

232

283

331

376

a9

459

499

536

573

22

119

19^

256

313

365

4U

461

506

550

592

632

23

131

211

280

343

401

455

506

556

603

649

693

305

24

231

307

375

438

498

553

608

659

■ 710

759

25

252

334

408

476

542

603

662

718

773

826

877

1007

26

274

363

444

518

589

655

719

780

840

897

953

27

393

561

637

710

778

845

""W

970

1033

1091

1236

28

424

518

605

687

766

840

912

982

1047

1114

1178

29

456

557

652

740

324

904

982

1057

1127

U99

1268

1334

30

598

700

794

883

970

1052

1132

1211

1285

1361

U32

31

641

750

851

946

1040

1127

1213

1297

1377

1459

1535

32

686

800

90s

1012

1109

1205

1297

1337

1472

1556

l6a

33

853

968

1079

1186

1285

ggE

U79

1570

1660

1750

34

910

1033

1148

1262

1368

1472

1574

1675

1770

1862

35

1096

1340

1455

1567

1675

1778

1879

1977

36

1164

1294

1422

1542

1660

1774

1888

1995

“30^

37

1374

1507

1637

1758

1879

1995

2113

2223

38

U52

1592

1730

1862

1986

2113

2234

2355

39

1963

2099

2360

2483

40

2070

2213

2355

2489

2618

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS s Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for b11_ O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Fom Claes of the 210 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtai’-
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class 012
(Tens)

3

(Units)

4 5

Factors

6

7 8 9

6

7 .73

8 .95

9 1.23

.75 ,77 .79

.98 1.00 1.03
1.26 1.29 1.33

.81 .84 .w..

1.05 1.08 1.11
1.36

.83 .90 .92

1.14 1.17 1.20

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 «■ 160 x 1.29 = 206 bd. ft.
Basic data; 210 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2,097153 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.696569 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011186 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.291899.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation
^5.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.92 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J, H. Buell
December 1941

TABIZ 2.-L0BL0LLI PIME
O.B.-FORM CLASS VDLDME TABIZ
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RUIZ
O.B.-FOR14 CLASS 86

-Number of 16,3-foot, logs

DBHi 1^2 2 2i 3 3i 44i 55i 66^ 7

In. Groes volume in board feet

10

21

34

44

54

63

11

26

42

56

68

80

12

33

52

69

84

98

13

39

64

84

102

119

14

47

76

100

122

143

15

56

90

119

144

168

16

65

105

169

197

17

75

121

160

195

228

18

139

184

224

262

19

159

210

256

293

20

180

238

290

337

21

267

326

379

22

299

365

425

23

333

406

473

24

369

450

?24

25

407

497 1

578

26

546

^37

27

598

697

28

653

760

29

828

30

900

31

973

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

72

90

100

no

in

124

136

147

135

150

164

178

192

161

180

197

213

230

245

191

212

232

252

271

290

307

223

248

272

294

317

338

359

258

287

315

3U1

366

392

U6

296

330

362

392

421

450

478

338

376

412

447

480

513

544

383

425

4^

505

542

579

615

430

479

525

569

6n

653

692

481

535

586

635

684

730

774

536

596

653

708

762

813

863

594

661

724

785

843

902

957

656

730

798

867

931

995

1054

721

802

879

953

1023

1094

n6i

791

879

962

1042

1122

1197

1271

863

959

1052

1140

1225

1309

1387

940

1045

1143

1239

1334

1422

1510

1019

n32

1242

1346

1445

1545

16U

UO4

1227

1343

1455

1567

1671

1774

U91

1324

U52

1574

1690

1803

1914

1282

1426

1563

1694

1820

1945

2065

1377

1535

1679

1820

1959

2089

2218

1479

1644

1303

1954

2099

2244

2382

1585

1762

1928

2089

2249

2399

2547

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volome as utilized, to a variable top diameter .

O.B.-FORU CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first I6. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100*
block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Claes of the 378 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

UULTIPLIHIS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORU CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Claeses

O.B.-Fom Class 0 12

(Tens)

5

6

7 .65 .66 .68

8 .85 .87 .90

9 1.12 1.15 1.18

(ttxits)

3 4 5

Factors

6

7

8

9

.70 ,72 .74

.76

.78

.80

.83

.92 .95 .97

1.00

1.03

1.06

1.09

.21 1.24 1.28

1.31

1.35

1.39

1.43

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Fom Class 92 ■ 169 ^ 1.18 » 199 bd. ft,
Basic data: 378 trees from piedmont and northern coastal plain counties of S. C.
Table constructed from the ec^tion:

Logeo'ithra International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. « 2.416605 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
,636903 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011847 (O.B.-Fom Class) - 2.740782.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^5.4 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.25 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 3. -VIRGINIA PINE
O.B.=FORM CLASS TOLtME MLS
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4” LOG RUIE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 34

Number of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH ^ 11^ 2 2^ 3 3^ 4 4i 5 5^ 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in board feet

10

24

41

55

67

79

91

101

112

11

30

50

68

84

99

113 1 126

139

152

164

176

12

37

62

83

102

120

138

154

170

1P5

200

215

13

45

74

100

123

144

165

185

204

22?

240

258

14

53

88

118

146

171

196

219

242

264

285

306

15

62

103

138

171

201

230

257

283

309

333

358

16

72

119

160

198

233

266

298

328

358

386

as

17

82

1?7

184

227

267

306

342

378

411

445

476

18

94

156

210 1

259

305

348

390

430

469

507

543

19

106

177

238 I

293

345

394 [

442

488

531

574

615

20

119

198

267

330

388

444

497

547

597

644

692

21

222

298

368

434

496

555

612

667

721

773

22

247

332

ao

483

552

618

681

743

802

859

23

368

454

535

684

753

822

887

953

24

500

589

673

753

832

906

980

1050

25

828

912

995

1074

1153

26

998

1039

1175

1262

27

23

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilised, to a variable top diaEaeter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS! Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block Indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Foxm Class of the 179 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by vdiich to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
voliimes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class 012
(Tens)

3

(Itaits)

4 5

Factors

6 7 8 9

5

6

7 .70

8 .90

9 1.16

.72 .74 .76

.93 .95 .98

1.19 1.22 1.25

.78 .30 .82

1.00 1.03 1.05
1.28 1.32 1.35

.34 .36 .88

1.08 1.10 1.13

1.33 1.42 1.46

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 198 x 1.22 » 242 bd. ft.
Basic data: 179 trees from Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4” bd. ft. vol. = 2,290421 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.732232 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + ,010850 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.481360.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^4.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.20 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERLffiNT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE A.-SHORTLEAF PINK
O.B.-PORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 89

Nujnber of l6.3-foot loga

DBH i 1 li 2 2j 3 3i 4 5 5i 6

In. Grosa voluma in board foot

10

25

41

56

69

81

93

104

11

31

52

70

87

102

117

131

144

12

38

64

86

107

126

144

161

178

13

47

78

105

128

153

175

196

216

14

56

93

126

155

183

209

234

259

282

15

66

110

148

184

216

248

277

306

334

16

77

128

173

214

253

289

324

358

390

422

453

17

89

1U9 L

201

248

292

335

375

414

A52

489

524

18

103

171

231

285

336

385

432

475

519

561

603

19

U7

195

263

325

384

438

492

542

592

640

666

20

221 [

298

368

434

497

556

6U

670

724

776

21

248

335

4U

489

558

625

690

753

81?

875

22

278

375

463

546

625

700

773

843

912

977

23

U7

608

697

780

861

940

1014

1089

24

462

572

674

771

865

955

1040

1125

1205

25

510

631

745

851

955

1052

1148

1242

1334

26

695

818

^38

1050

1159

1265

1365

1466

27

760

897

1026

1151

1271

1384

U96

1607

28

830

980

1122

1256

1387

15U

1633

1754

2V

904

1067

1219

1368

1507

1644

1778

1910

30

982

U56

1324

1483

1637

1786

1932

2070

31

1062

1253

U32

1607

1774

1932

2089

2244

32

1148

1352

1549

1734

19U

2089

2254

2421

33

1236

U59

1667

1866

2061

2249

2432

2606

34

1327

1567

1791

2004

2218

2415

2612

2805

35

1426

1679

1923

2153

2377

2594

2805

3006

36

1524

1799

2056

2307

2547

2773

2999

3221

37

38

39

7

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as atlUsed, to a Tariable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS; Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided bj
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 324 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply vojLumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tensj

Factors

5

6

7

.68 .70

.72

.74

.76

.78

8

.80

.82

.84

.86

.88 .90

.93

.95

.98

1.00

9

1.03

1.05

1.08

1.11

l.U 1.17

1.20

1.23

1.26

1.29

Example; Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 214 x 1,08 ■ 231 bd. ft.
Basic data: 324 tress from Cherokee and Nantabala National Forests; and northeastern
South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation;

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. » 2.419420 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.738404 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011091 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.686446.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;
*6.0 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values 0.02 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPEEBENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 5.-SASTERN HEMLOCK
O.B,-FORli CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" lOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 85

DBH i 1

Number of 16* 3-foot logs

2 Zi 3 4 4i 5 5^

Gross volume in board feet

6 6^

7

10

24

37

48

58

11

29

46

60

72

83

12

36

56

73

88

101

lU

13

43

67

87

105

121

136

U

51

79

103

124

143

161

15

59

93

120

145

168

189

16

69

107

139

168

194

218

17

79

123

160

192

222

250

18

90

140

182

219

253

284

19

101

158

206

248

286

322

20

114

177

231

278

321

361

21

127

198

258

310

358

404

22

141

220

286

345

398

448

23

156

243

316

381

441

496

24

171

268

348

420

485

546

25

294

382

460

532

598

26

321

418

504

581

652

27

455

548

632

711

28

380

494

594

687

773

29

411

535

743

836

30

444

577

695

802

904

31

479

621

748

865

973

32

514

667

804

929

1045

33

551

716

863

995

1119

34

589

766

923

1067

1199

35

818

984

1138

1279

36

871

1050

1213

1365

37

927

1117

1288

1452

38

1186

1371

1542

39

1259

U52

1633

40

1330

1538

1730

41

1409

1626

1828

42

IM8(>

1718

1932

43

44

45

46

47
4fi

178

208

2a

263

277

301

325

315

343

370

396

356

387

a8

448

399

434

470

502

446

485

525

561

496

540

582

624

664

547

597

644

689

733

603

658

710

759

807

661

721

778

832

885

723

787

849

910

968

787

857

925

991

1054

855

929

1005

1076

U43

1211

925

1007

1086

U64

1239

1309

998

1086

U75

1256

1337

1413

1074

1172

1265

1352

1439

1521

U53

1259

1358

1545

1637

1722

1239

1349

U55

1560

1660

1754

1324

1442

1556

1667

1774

1875

1977

ia3

1542

1663

1782

1892

2004

2158

1507

i5ar

1770

1897

2018

2133

2249

1603

1746

1884

2018

2148

2270

2393

1702

1854

2004

2143

'^S0~

2410

25a

1307

1968

2123

2275

24a

2559

2692

19U

2084

2249

2ao

2559

2710

2851

2023

2203

2377

2547

2710

2664

3013

2133

2328

2512

2685

2858

3020

3184

Volume as utilized, to a variable top dimeter.

O.B.-FCRM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16.3-foot log divided b/
diameter outside bark at breast belgbt, the result being multiplied bj 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 112 sample trees used. Fac-
tora in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIHJS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes;

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(ttoits)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

.76

.78

.80

.82

.84

.86

8

.89

.91

.93

.95 .98

1.00

1.03

1.05

1.08

1.10

9

1.13

1.16

1.19

1.22 1.25

1.28

1.31

1.34

1.37

i.a

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 «■ 168 x 1.19 = 200 bd. ft.
Basic data: 112 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; and
Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.259927 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.646370 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + ,010605 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2,375710.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
±6,9 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values 0,27 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPHUMENT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABLE 6. -SWEET BIRCH
O.B.-FORli CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FIET lUTERNATIONAL l/k" LOG RUIE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

Number of 16. 3- foot logo-

DBH i 1 li 2 3 4 4i 5 5i 6 6i 7

In. Groaa Tolume in board foot

10

20

35

47

59

11

25

43

58

73

12

31

52

71

89

13

37

62

85

106

125

14

43

74

100

125

148

15

51

86

117

146

173

16

58

99

135

168

200

230

17

67

114

155

193

229

263

18

76

129

176

219

260

298

336

372

19

86

146

199

248

294

33t

379

420

20

96

164

223

277

329

378

426

471

21

108

182

249

310

367

422

474

525

22

119

202

276

344

468

526

585

23

132

224

305

T79“

456

518

582

6V*

24

145

246

336

418

496

569

640

708

25

269

367

457

542

624

702

776

26

294

402

500

593

681

766

847

27

nzr

436

543

6U

741

834

923

28

348

474

590

700

804

904

1000

29

376

513

638

757

869

977

1081

30

406

553

689

817

938

1054

U67

31

436

596

741

879

1009

1135

1256

32

469

638

794

942

1084

1219

1349

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volama aa atlUsecl, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter out aide bark at top of first 16. 3-Toot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the resitlt being multiplied by 100.
Block indlcatea extent of basic data for aU O.B.-Form Clasees.

Table above Is for the average O.B.-Form Claaa of the 54 sample trees used. Fao-
tors In table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Claeses.

MULTIPLIFES FOR OTHER O.B.-FCKM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes In the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0 12

3

(Iftiits)

4 5

6

7 8

9

(Tens)

5

6

.64

.65

Factors

.67 .68

.70

.71 .72

.74

7

.75 .77 .79

.80

.82 .83

.85

.87 .89

.90

8

.92 .94 .96

.98

1.00 1.02

1.04

1.06 1.08

lai

9

1.13 1.15 1.18

1.20

1.22 1.25

1.27

1.30 1.33

1.35

Example: Volume of I6

", 2-log tree of

O.B.-Form Claes 92

- 168

X 1.02 - 171 bd. ft

Basic data: 54 trees from Plsgah and Nantahala National Forests: and Bland County,
Virginia.

Table constructed from the eouation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. - 2.239227 (logejithm d.b.b. inches) +
.762725 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .008761 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.359875.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes frcoi values estimated by the equation:
*6.3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.35 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EIPEIilKENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 7.-EASTERN RED OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABIE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 85

■Number of 16,3-loot logS'

DBH

h

1

IJ

2

2i

3

4

5

In,

Gross volume in board feet

10

20

34

46

57

66

78

11

25

42

58

84

96

12

31

52

70

87

103

118

13

37

62

84

104

123

lU

15s

14

44

73

100

123

146

167

187

15 1

51

86

116

144

170

195

219

242

16

59

100

135

167

197

226

254

280

17

63

114

154

191

226

259

291

321

18

78

130

176

218

258

296

331

366

400

19

88

147

199

247

292

334

375

414

452

20

99

166

224

277

327

375

421

466

508

21

185

250

310

366

420

471

520

568

614

22

206

278

344

406

467

524

578

631

632

23

228

308

381

450

515

578

640

698

755

24

251

339

420

496

569

637

703

769

832

25

275

372

460

544

624

700

773

843

912

28

301

406

504

596

682

766

845

923

998

27

327

443

550

649

743

834

920

1005

1086

28

356

481

597

705

807

906

1000

1091

U80

29

386

521

646

762

873

980

1084

1183

1279

30

a6

562

698

824

944

1059

1169

1276

1380

31

449

607

752

887

1019

LI40

1262

1377

1439

32

482

652

807

953

1094

1227

1355

1479

1600

33

516

700

867

1023

U72

1315

1452

1585

1718

34

553

748

927

1096

1256

1409

1556

1698

1837

35

590

800

991

1169

1340

1503

1660

1816

1963

36

630

853

1057

1247

1429

1603

1770

1936

2094

37

908

1125

1327

1521

1706

1884

2061

2228

38

964

1197

1409

1614

1811

2004

2188

2366

3'^

1023

1268

1496

1714

1923

2123

2323

2512

40

1084

1343

1585

1816

2037

2249

2460

2661

41

1419

1675

1923

2158

2382

2600

2812

42

1500

1770

2028

2275

2512

2748

2972

43

1581

1866

2U3

2404

2655

2897

3133

44

1667

1968

2254

2529

2799

3055

3304

45

1754

2070

2371

2661

2944

3214

3475

46

1845

2178

2495

2799

3097

3381

3656

47

1936

2286

2618

2938

3251

3548

3837

48

2032

2399

2748

3083

HOT

3715

4027

6 7

foluse as utiligsd, to a ’/ariable top diameter.

6,B,-FCSM CLASSs Diamatar outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by lOO,
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 280 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes,

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CUSSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes

(Uni

ts)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.64

.65

.67

.68

7

.70

,72

.73

.75

.77

.79

.81

,83

,85

.87

8

.89

.91

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07

1.10

9

1.13

1.16

1.18

1.21

1.24

1,27

1.30

1.33

1.36

1.40

Examples Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 167 x 1.18 = 197 bd. ft.
Basic datas 280 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, and Nantahala National Forests:

Jackson County, Ohio; Garrett County, Md; Tucker County, VJ. Va; and Bland County, Va.
Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.27^*411 '(logaribbrn d.b.h. inches) +
.745902 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010369 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.526032,

Average deviation of indi-vidual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
i6,6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.12 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABI£ 8. -SCARLET OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

Nimber of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH i 1 li 2 2i 3 4 4i 5 5i 6 6i 7

Id. Gross ToluiiLB In board fsst

10

23

38

52

64

76

87

11

28

47

Sir

80

94

108

121

12

34,

58

78

97

n5

131

U7

163

13

41

69

94

n6

137

157

177

195

U

49

82

in

137

162

186

209

231

252

15

57

96

130

161

190

218

244

270

295

16

66

in

150

186

220

252

282

313

341

369

17

76

127

172

213

2$2

289

324

358

392

424

18

86

145

196

243

287

330

370

408

446

482

19

98

164

222

275

325

418

461

504

546

20

no

184

249

309

365

418

469

519

566

612

21

122

206

278

345

407

467

524

579

632

684

22

136

228

309

384

453

519

582

[643

703

760

23

150

252

342

424

501

574

644

7n

778

841

24

166

278

377

467

552

632

710

783

857

927

25

182

305

a3

513

605

693

778

859

940

1016

26

333

452

560

662

759

851

940

1028

1112

27

363

492

6n

721

826

927

1023

ni9

12n

28

394

535

662

783

897

1007

1112

1216

1315

29

428

578

718

847

970

1091

1205

1315

1422

30

461

625

774

916

1050

n78

1300

1419

1538

31

498

6^

836

986

n30

1268

1403

1531

1656

32

535

723

897

1059

1213

1361

1507

1644

1778

33

776

962

1138

1303

1462

16U

1762

1910

34

830

1030

1216

1393

1563

1730

1888

2042

35

1099

1300

1489

1671

1845

2014

2183

36

n72

1384

1585

1782

1968

2148

2323

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volisae as utilized, to a yarlabls top dlaBster.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first I6. 3-foot log dlrided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block Indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 213 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FC£M CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain

volumes

for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.62

.63

.65

.66

7

.68

.69

.71

.72

.74 .76

.78

.79

.81

.83

8

.85

.87

.89

.91

.93 .96

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

9

1.07

1.10

1.12

1.15

1.18 1.20

1.23

1.26

1.29

1.32

Example: Volume of I6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 186 x 1.12 « 208 bd. ft.
Basic data: 213 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Bland County, Va; and Chatham County, N. C.

Table constructed from the ec^tion:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. lo 2.269024 (logarithm d.b.h. Inches) +
.747475 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .009994 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.462957.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
I4.8 percent.

Aggregate difference:' estimated values 0.27 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST ETPffilMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

.r

TABI£ 9.-BUCK OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL l/k" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

Number of 16. 3-foot logs —

DBH i 1 2 2^ 3 3s k kl 5 6 6^ 7

Gross YolviDLe In board feet

10

20

33

45

56

66

76

11

24

a

56

69

82

94

12

30

50

68

84

100

115

128

13

36

60

81

101

120

137

154

171

14

42

71

96

120

142

163

182

202

220

15

49

83

113

UO

166

190

213

236

258

16

57

96

131

162

192

220

247

274

298

17

65

UO

150

186

220

252

264

313

343

18

74

126

171

212

251

288

323

357

390

19

84

142

193

239

283

325

366

404

442

20

95

160

217

269

318

365

410

454

496

21

178

242

301

356

408

458

507

553

22

198

269

334

395

454

-509

564

615

23

219 i

298

370

438

501

564

622

631

24

242

328

407

482

552

621

686

750

25

265

360“

447

528

605

681

753

822

26

290

489

578

662

745

324

900

27

316 1

428

532

630

723

8U

897

980

28

343

466

578

634

785

681

975

1064

29

371

504

625

740

849

955

1054

U53

30

401

544

676

800

916

1030

1138

1245

31

432

586

728

861

989

1109

1227

1343

32

463

630

782

925

1062

1191

1318

1442

33

498

676

840

993

1138

1279

1413

1545

34

532

723

897

1062

1219

1368

15U

1656

35

569

773

959

1135

1300

U62

1618

1766

36

607

322

1023

1208

1387

1560

1722

1384

37

646

875

1086

1288

U76

1660

1832

2004

38

931

1156

1368

1570

1762

1950

2128

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volisme as utilized, to a triable top dimeter.

b.B.-PORM CLASS; Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for nil O.B.-Fona Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 150 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain

volumes for other 0.

,B.-Fom Classes

(ttiits)

O.B.-Form Class

0

123

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.66

.68

7

.70

.72 .73 .75

.77 .79

.81

.84

.86

.88

8

.90

.93 .95 .98

1.00 1.03

1.05

1.08

l.U

l.U

9

1.17

1.20 1.23 1.26

1.29 1.32

1.36

1.40

1.43

1.47

Example; Volume of I6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92

- 162 X 1.23

1 = 199 bd. ft

Basic data; 150 trees from Cherokee, Nantahala and Chattahoochee National Forests |
Jackson County, Ohio; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation;

Logarithm International lA" bd. ft. vol. •• 2.270779 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.753428 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011131 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.599530.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;
±6.1 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values 0.23 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST BCPEOMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 10. -WHITE OAK
O.B.-PORU CLASS VOLUME TABUS
BOARD FHST INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOO RULE
O.B.-FORU CUSS 34

Nunber of 16. 3- foot log*

DBH i 1 li 2 2i 3 3i 4 4| 5 6 6^ 7

Gtob* Toluma in board fort

10

22

35

46

1 56

65

11

27

43

58

70

82

93

12

33

53

71

86

100

114

13

40

65

85

104

121

137

153

14

48

77

102

124

144

164

182

15

56

91

120

146

170

193

215

16

65

105

139

170

198

224

250

274

17

75

122

161

196

229

259

288

316

18

86

139

184

224

262

296

330

362

393

19

98

158

209

255

298

337

375

U1

446

20

in

179

236

288

336

380

424

463

504

5U

21

124

200

265

323

377

427

475

521

565

608

22

139

223

296

361

421

476

530

581

631

678

23

154

248

328

400

467

530

589

646

700

753

24

170

275

363

443

516

585

652

713

774

832

25

302

400

488

569

6U

716

7?5

853

916

26

332

438

535

624

708

787

863

935

1007

27

363

480

585

682

773

861

942

1023

1099

28

395

522

637

743

843

938

1028

1114

1199

29

430

568

692

8O7

916

1019

1114

1211

1303

30

464

615

750

875

991

1102

1208

1309

1409

31

502

665

811

946

1072

U91

1306

ia9

1524

32

542

716

873

1007

1153

1285

1406

1528

1641

33

582

771

940

To^

1242

1380

15U

1644

1766

34

826

1009

1175

1334

1483

1626

1762

1897

35

670

885

1079

1426

1589

1742

1888

2028

36

7U

946

1524

1698

1858

2018

2168

37

1009

1230

U35

1626

18U

1986

2153

2312

38

1074

1528

1734

1928

"air

2291

2466

39

1143

1393

1626

1845

2051

2249

2438

2618

40

1213

147?

1726

1959

2178

2388

2588

2780

41

1567

1328

2075

2307

2529

2742

2951

42

1660

1936

2193

2443

2673

2904

3119

43

1754

2046

2323

2582

2831

3069

3304

44

1854

2163

2449

2729

2985

3243

3483

45

1954

2280

2582

2871

3148

3420

3673

46

2061

2399

r2723 13027

3319

3597

3873

47

2173

2523

2864

3184

3491

3784

4074

48

2275

2655

3006

3342

3664

3981

4276

Voluma as utilized, to a variable top dlametar.

O.B.-FORM CIJ^: Diameter outalde btfk at top of firat 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above Is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 638 sample trees used. Fac-
tors In table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

UULTEPLIfflS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Claeses

-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

.45

.46

.48

.49

Factors

.50 .51

.52

.54

.55

.56

6

.57

.59

.60

.61

.63

.64

.66

.67

.69

.71

7

.72

.74

.76

.78

.79

.81

.83

.85

.87

.89

8

.91

.93

.96

• 98

1.00 1.02

1.05

1.07

1.10 1.12

9

1.15

1.18

1.20

1.23

1.26 1.29

1.32

1.35

1.38 1.42

Exairiple: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 170 x 1.20 = 204 bd. ft.
Basic data: 688 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National
Forests j Jackson County, Ohio; Garrett County, Maryland; Hardy County, W. Va.;
Bland County, Virginia; and Chatham County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the ewation;

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.361718 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.689234 Uogarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010075 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.502791.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
-6.2 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.40 percent high.

AFPAUCHIAN FORiJST E)CPERL.a!NT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABIE U .-CHESTNUT OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABIE
BOARD FESI INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RUIE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 86

DBH

i

1

1

1

i

2

2k 3

of 16.3-foot logs
3k 4 4?

5

In,

Grose volume i_n board feet

10

20

33

44

11

1

a

55

67

79

90

12

31

1 50

67

82

96

110

13

37

61

81

1 99

116

133

14

44

1 72

96

118

139

1 158

15

5i

85

113

139

rw

186

208

16

60

99

132

162

190

216

242

17

70

114

152

187

219

249

278

18

80

131

175

214

251

286

319

19

90

148

198

243

284

324

361

398

20

102

167

223

274

321

366

408

U9

21

114

188

250

307

360

410

458

504

22

128

209

279

343

402

457

510

562

1

23

142

232

310

380

446

508

568

624

678

24

156

256

343

421

493

561

627

689

750

25

172

282

377

463

543

618

690

759

826

26

189

310

414

508

596

“W

757

832

906

977

27

206

339

452

555

652

7a

828

910

991

1067

28

225

369

493

605

710

807

902

991

1079

1161

29

535

656

769

877

980

1076

1169

1262

30

434

579

711

834

??1

1059

116?

1268

1368

31

469

627

769

902

1026

1146

1259

1371

1476

32

505

674

828

970

1104

1233

1355

1476

1592

33

543

724

889

1042

1189

1327

1459

1589

1710

34

582

778

955

1119

1276

1422

1567

1702

1837

35

624 [

834

1023

1199

1365

1524

1675

1824

1963

36

667

889

1091

1282

1459

1629

1791

1950

2099

37

948

1164

1368

1556

1738

1910

2080

2239

38

1012

I?;,?

T55n

1656

1849

2032

2213

2382

39

1074

1318

1545

1762

1968

2163

2350

2535

40

1140

1400

1641

1871

2089 1 2296 1

2495

2692

41

1208

1483

1742

1982

2213

2432

2642

2851

42

1279

1570

18a

2094

2339

2570

2799

3020

43

1660

1945

2218

2472

2723

2958

3192

44

1754

2056

2339

2612

2871

3126

3365

45

46

47

48

6 6J 7

Volme as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS! Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 471 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6 7

8 9

(Tens)

5

.47

.48

.49

.50

Factors

.52 .53

.54 .55

.56 .57

6

.58

.60

.61

.62

.63

.65

.66 .67

.69 .70

7

.72

.73

.75

.76

.78

.80

.81 .83

.85 .86

8

.88

.90

.92

.94

.96

.98

1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06

9

1.09

1.11

1.13

1.16

1.18 1.20

1.23 1.26 1.28 1.31

Example! Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 162 x 1.01 = 164 bd. ft.
Basic data: 471 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Jackson
County, Ohio and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the ei^tion:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.353891 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.712861 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .009012 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.478711.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
-6.2 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.60 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 12.-rELL0WP0PLAR
O.B.-FORll CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTEENATICWAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 88

Number of 16,3-foot logo

DBH i 1 li 2 2^ 3 4 4i 5 5i 6 6i 7

In. Groea volume in board feet

10

23

38

1 62

1 72

82

92

101

11

29

47

63

77

90

102

1 lU

125

12

35

57

76

93

109

124

139

1 152

13

42

68

91

112

131

U9

166

182

14

50

81

108

132

154

176

196

215

234

15

58

95

126

154

181

206

229

252

274

16

67

109

146

179

209

238

265

291

316

17

77

125

167

205

239

272

304

334

363

18

143

190

233

273

310

346

380

a3

19

161

215

263

308

351

391

430

467

502

20

181

2a

295

346

394

438

482

524

564

21

202

269

330

386

438

490

538

585

630

22

224

298

366

428

488

543

597

649

700

23

330

405

474

540

601

661

718

773

828

24

364

446

521

593

662

728

791

851

910

25

399

489

572

650

726

798

867

933

998

26

436

535

625

711

792

871

1021

1091

27

474

582

681

774

863

948

1030

mp

1189

28

515

631

740

8a

938

1030

1119

1205

1291

29

557

682

800

910

1014

1114

1211

1306

1396

30

601

738

863

982

1094

1202

1306

1409

1507

31

649

794

931

1059

1180

1297

1409

1517

1626

32

853

998

1135

1268

1393

15U

1629

1742

33

914

1072

1219

1358

1493

1622

1746

1871

34

977

1146

1303

1452

1596

1734

1871

2000

35

1045

1222

1390

1552

1706

1854

1995

2133

36

m2

1303

1483

1652

1816

1972

2128

2275

37

1183

1387

1578

1758

1932

2099

2259

2421

38

1259

1472

1675

18W

2051

2404

2570

39

1560

1774

1982

2178

2366

2547

2723

40

1652

1879

2099

2307

2506

2698

2884

41

1746

1986

2218

2438

2649

2851

3048

42

1845

2099

2339

2570

2793

3006

3221

43

2213

2466

2710

2951

3177

3396

44

2333

2600

2858

3105

3342

3581

45

2455

2735

3006

3266

3516

3767

46

2576

2871

3162

3436

3698

3954

47

3013

3311

3606

3882

aso

48

3162

3475

3776

4074

4355

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-PORM CLASS: Diameter outside b^k at top of first 16. 3- foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,
Block Indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 334 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Claeses

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3-

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.54

.56

.57

.59

7

.61

.62

.64

.66

.68 .70

.72

.74

.76

.78

8

.80

.82

.85

.87

.90 .92

.95

.97

1.00

1.03

9

1.06

1.09

1.12

1.15

1,18 1.21

1.25

1.28

1.32

1.36

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 179 * 1,12 « 200 bd. ft,
Basic data: 334 trees from Geo. Washington, Cherokee, Pisgah, and Nantahala National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Tucker County, W. Va; Blemd County, Virginia; and
Chatham County, N. C.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.256729 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.706620 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .012070 (O.B.-Form Claes) - 2.597145*

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^6.8 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.89 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EJCPERIii2JT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 13. -SUGAR JOPLE
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DITERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

I 1

------ — -- Number of 16. 3-foot logs- --------------

DBH i 1 2 3 U 4 5 6 6i 7

In, Gross Tolume in board feet

10

21

35

46

56

65

11

27

43

57

69

81

91

12

32

52

69

84

98

in

124

136

147

158

169

13 i

39

62

82

100

117

133

148

162

176

189

202

14

46

74

98

U9

139

157

175

191

208

223

239

15

53

86

lU

139

162

184

224

243

261

279

16

62

100

132

161

187

212

236

259

280

302

322

17

71

114

151

184

215

243

270

296

322

346

370

18

81

130

172

209

244

277

308

337

366

394

421

19

91

U7

194

237

276

313

3U3

381

4U

445

475

20

102

164

218

266

310

351

390

428

464

499

533

21

184

243

296

345

392

436

478

518

557

594

22

204

270

329

384

436

484

531

575

619

661

23

225

298

364

424

481

535

586

635

684

730

24

248

328

400

467

530

589

646

700

753

604

25

272

360

438

512

581

646

708

767

824

881

26

297

393

480

558

634

705

773

838

902

962

27

324

428

522

608

690

767

841

912

982

1047

28

352

464

566

661

750

834

914

991

1067

U38

29

380

502

612

7U

8n

902

989

1072

1153

1230

30

ao

542

661

771

875

973

1067

1156

1245

1327

31

442

585

713

832

942

1047

1148

1247

1340

1432

32

474

628-

766

891

1012

1125

1233

1337

1439

1535

33

508

673

820

957

1084

1205

1321

U32

1542

1648

34

544

719

877

1023

1159

1291

1416

1535

1648

1762

35

1 551

767

935

1091

1239

1377

1510

1637

1762

1879

36

618

813

998

1164

1318

U66

1607

1746

1875

2004

37

658

871

1062

1236

IAO3

1560

1710

1354

1995

2128

38

698

925

1127

1315

li!t89

1656

1316

1972

2U8

2265

39

741

980

1194

1393

1581

1758

1928

2089

2249

2399

iiO

785

1038

1265

1476

1675

1862

2042

2213

2377

25a

41

830

1096

1337

15^

1770

1968

2158

2339

2512

2685

42

875

1159

ia3

1644

1866

2075

2275

2466

2655

2831

43

923

1222

1489

1738

1968

2188

2399

2606

2799

2992

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16.3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 105 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSK

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Ifeiits)

-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factor.3

5

6

.64

.66

.68

.69

7

.71

.73

.74

.76

.78

.80

.82

.84

.86

.89

8

.91

.93

.95

.98

1,00

1.03

1.05

1.08

1.10

1.13

9

1,16

1.19

1.22

1.25

1.28

1.31

1.34

1.38

i.a

1.44

Example; Volume of l6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 161 x 1.22 »= 196 bd. ft,
Basic data: 105 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the ecmation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd, ft, vol. = 2.252352 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) +
.689232 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010682 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.446606.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
±7.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.20 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE U.-RHD ItWLE
O.B.-FORli CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTHINATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORU CLASS 84

— _ -Numbur of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH i 1 li 2 2i 3 3i 4 4i 5 5i 6 61 7

In. Groag Yolume ip board feet

10

23

37

49

59

11

28

46

60

74

86

12

?6

74

90

105

120

13

a

67

89

108 1 126

144

U

49

79

105

128

150

171

190

208

15

57

93

123

151

176

200

222

244

16

108

U3

175

204

232

258

283

17

76

124

164

201

234

266

296

325

18

87

141

188

229

267

304

338

372

19

99

160

212

259

303

344

383

421

20

111

180

239

292

341

387

430

473

21

201

267

327

381

432

482

528

22

224

297

363

425

482

537

589

23

248

329

402

470

533

594

652

24

274

363

444

519

589

656

719

25

301

399

569

647

719

791

26

329

^3

624

708

789

865

27

359

582

679

773

859

944

28

390

518

632

740

840

93J-

1026

29

423

561

686

802

910

1014

1112

30

457

607

741

865

984

1094

1202

31

655

800

933

1059

1180

1294

32

703’

1005

1140

1271

1393

33

755

923

1079

1225

1361

1496

34

809

989

1153

1312

1459

1603

35

1057

1233

1403

1560

1714

36

1127

1315

U96

1663

1828

37

33

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume aa utilized, tc a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of firat 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 83 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to gat volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLlHiS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens'>

Factors

5

6

.68

.70

.71

.73

7

.74

.76

.77

.79

.81

.83

.84

.86

.88

.90

8

.92

.94

.96

.98

1.00

1.02

1.04

1.07

1.09

1.11

9

1.14

1.16

1.19

1.21

1.24

1.26

1.29

1.32

1.35

1.38

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 175 x 1.02 » 178 bd. ft.
Basic data: 68 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Tucker County,

W. Va; auid Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. =■ 2.299066 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.696904 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .009272 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.359544.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
16.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.39 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPHtBENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 15. -BASS', YOOD
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 87

__ — — ___ — Niunber of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH i 1 2 2i 3 31- 4 4i 5 5s 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume In board feet

10

21

35

47

57

67

77

11

27

44

59

73

85

97

12

34

55

73

90

105

120

134

147

13

a

67

89

109

128

146

163

180

U

49

80

107

132

154

175

195

215

234

252

!■)

58

95

127

156

182

208

232

255

277

299

16

68

in

149

182

2U

244

272

298

325

350

17

79

129

173

212

248

282

316

347

378

406

18

91

U9

199

244

286

326

363

399

434

468

501

19

104

170

227

279

327

372

415

456

497

535

573

20

118

193

258

316

371

422

471

518

562

607

649

21

218

290

356

418

475

531

583

634

684

733

22

244

326

400

469

533

596

655

7n

767

820

23

272

363

446

522

594

664

730

794

855

916

24

^031

404

496

581

661-

738

8n

881

951

1016

25

334

446

547

641

730

815

895

975 1 1050

1125

26

368

491

603

706

805

897

1074

U56

1239

27

405

540

662

776

883

986

1084

n78

1271

1358

23

590

723

847

966

1076

1186

1283

1390

I486

29

643

789

925

1052

n75

1291

1403

15U

1618

30

698

857

1005

1143

1276

1403

1524

1644

1762

31

757

929

1089

1239

1384

1521

1656

1782

1910

32

818

1005

n78

1340

TSyT

1786

1928

2065

33

833

1084

1271

1445

1614

1774

1928

2080

34

U67

1368

1556

1738

1910

2075

2239

2393

35

1253

1469

1671

1366

2051

2228

2404

2576

36

1343

1574

1791

2000

2198

2388

2576

2761

37

U35

1683

19U

2138

2350

2559

2754

2951

38

1535

1799

2046

2286

2512

2729

2944

3148

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utiliaad, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASSs Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log di-vided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 140 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLmS FOR OTHHl O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.58

.59

.61

.62

7

.64

.66

.68

.69

.71 .73

.75

.77

.79

.31

8

.83

.86

.38

.90

.92 .95

.97

1.00

1.03

1.05

9

1.08

l.U

1.14

1.17

1.20 1.23

1.27

1.30

1.33

1.37

Examples Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 182 x 1.14 = 207 bd. ft.
Basic data: 140 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests, North Carolina.
Table constructed from the ecmation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.460366 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.711270 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011366 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2,766340.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
^7.5 percent.

Aggregate differences estimated values 0,26 percent low,

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J, H. Buell
Decemb«* 1941

TABLE 16. -WHITE ASH
O.B.-FORli CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET I.NTEIU.'ATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

DBH

In.

Number of 16. 3- foot losa-

li 2 3 3i 4 4i

Gross Tolume in board feet

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20
21
22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33
34,

35

36

37

38

39

21

26

36

44

48

61

60

75

72

90

82

103

785

847

912

980

1052

1125

1202

931

1005

1081

1161

1247

1334

1426

1069

1156

1245

1337

1432

1535

1637

1205

1300

1400

1503

1614

1726

1841

766

849

940

1033

1132

1236

1346

1462

1334 1459 1581
U39 I 1574 I 1706
1549 1694 1837
1663 1824 1977
1786 1954 2118
1910 2089 2265
2042 2234 2421

6 6i 7

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to & variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORU CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block ladlcates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 52 sample trees used. Fac-
tors In table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASfflS

Factors by which to multiply volumes In the aoove average table to obtiiin
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tons)

5

6

7

.59

.61

.63

.65

Factors

.67 .69

.71

.73

.75

.78

8

.80

.83

.86

.88

.91 .94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

9

1.10

1.13

1.17

1.21

1.24 1.28

1.33

1.37

1.41

1.46

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 181 x 1.17 « 212 bd. ft.
Basic data: 52 trees from Pisgedi and Hantathala National Forests and Tucker County,
W. Va.

Table constructed from the eouation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. » 2.334759 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.764274 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .013624 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.895813.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
16.3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.24 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

:ABLS PINE AND HEMLOCK

0. Bo -FORM CLASS VOLUME TABIE

BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 83

of 16»3-foot

logs-

DBH

1

1^

2

3

3s

4

4i

5

6

6i

7

In.

Gross volume in board feet

10

23

37

IS

58

11

28

45

59

72

84

12

34

54

71

87

101

114

13

41

66

85

103

120

136

150

14

48

76

100

121

141

159

177

193

15

55

89

U6

141

164

185

205

224

243

16

64

102

134

162

188

213

236

258

279

300

17

73

116

152

185

215

243

269

294

319

342

18

83

132

173

209

243

275

305

333

361

388

19

93

148

194

236

274

308

344

376

406

436

20

L04

166

217

264

306

346

384

420

454

488

21

U6

184

242

293

340

385

427

467

502

542

578

22

128

204

268

324

377

426

472

516

560

600

640

23

141

224

294

357

415

469

520

569

617

661

705

24

154

246

324

392

455

515

572

625

676

726

773

820

25

269

353

428

498

562

624

682

738

792

845

895

26

293

385

467

542

612

679

743

805

863

920

977

1030

27

318

418

507

589

665

738

807

873

938

1000

1059

ni9

28

344

453

548

637

721

800

875

946

1016

1081

1148

1211

1274

29

372

489

592

689

778

863

944

1007

1096

1169

1239

1306

1374

30

400

526

637

7U

838

929

1016

1099

1180

1259

1334

1406

U79

31

430

565

686

796

900

998

1091

1180

1268

1352

1432

1510

1589

32

460

605

734

851

964

1069

U69

1265

1358

1445

1535

1618

1702

33

492

647

785

912

1030

1143

1250

1352

1452

1549

1641

1730

1820

34

690

838

973

1099

1219

1334

1442

1549

1652

1750

1349

1941

35

736

891

1038

1172

1300

1422

1538

1652

1762

1866

1968

2070

36

782

948

1102

1245

1380

1510

1637

1754

1871

1982

2094

2198

37

815

1007

U69

1321

1466

1603

1734

1862

1986

2104

2223

2333

38

1067

1239

1400

1556

1698

1841

1977

2104

2234

2355

2477

39

U30

1312

1483

1644

1799

1945

2089

2228

2360

2495

2618

40

1194

1387

1567

1738

1901

2056

2208

2355

2495

2630

2767

41

1259

1462

1652

1832

2004

a68

2328

2483

2630

2780

2917

42

43

44

45

46

1327

1542

1742

1932

2113

2286

2455

2618

2773

2924

3076

47

48

Volume as

utilized, to

a variable ■

top diameter

O.B.-

-FORM

CLASS:

Diameter outside

bark

at top of first 16,3-foot log

divided by

diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 322 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volimes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MULTIPLIEPvS FOR OTHER 0,B.-F0Rm CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes;

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

6

7

.72

.74

.76

.78

Factors

.80 ,82

.34

.86

.88

.90

8

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.02 1.05

1,08

1.10

1.13

1.16

9

1.19

1.22

1.25

1.28

1.32 1,35

1.38

1.42

1.46

1.49

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 162 x 1.25 = 203 bd. ft.
Basic data; 322 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; and
B]^d County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Internatiorial 1/4" bd. ft, vol. = 2.178540 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) +
.671470 (logarithm meroh. ht. ft.) + .010895 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.333807.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;

White pine ±6.2 percent; Hemlock *6,9 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values - V/hite pine 0.60 percent low;

Hemlock I.64 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPSRLvffiNT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 18. -LOBLOLLY PINE AND YELLOWPOPLAR
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

DBH

i

1

Ik

2

2i

3

3i-

4

uk

5

5i

6

In.

Gross volimie in board feet

10

22

36

47

58

68

77

86

94

U

28

45

59

72

85

96

107

117

12

34

55

72

89

104

118

131

144

156

13

a

66

88

107

125

142

158

173

188

2c : '

U

48

78

104

127

148

169

188

206

223

240

25,

15

57

92

122

149

175

198

220

242

262

282

302

321

16

66

107

142

173

203

230

256

281

306

329

352

373

17

76

123

164

200

233

266

295

324

352

378

405

430

18

141

187

229

267

303

337

371

402

432

491

19

160

212

259

303

344

383

421

456

491

525

557

20

180

239

292

3a

387

432

474

514

553

592

628

21

202

268

327

382

434

484

531

577

621

662

705

22

225

299

365

427

484

540

592

643

692

740

785

23

332

406

473

537

598

656

713

767

820

871

24

366

448

522

594

661

726

787

847

906

962

25

403

492

575

653

728

798

867

933

995

1059

26

442

540

631

716

798

875

951

1023

1091

1161

27

483

589

689

782

871

955

1038

1117

1194

1268

28

525

641

750

851

948

1040

1130

1216

1300

1380

29

570

697

813

925

1028

1130

1225

I3I8

1409

1496

30

617

753

881

1000

1114

1222

1327

1429

1524

1622

31

667

815

951

1079

1202

1318

U32

1542

1648

1750

32

877

1023

1161

1294

ia9

1542

1660

1774

1884

33

942

1102

1250

1390

1528

1656

1782

1905

2023

34

1009

1180

1340

U93

1637

1778

1914

2042

2173

35

1081

1262

1432

1596

1754

1901

2046

2188

2323

36

U53

1349

1531

1706

1871

2032

2188

2333

2483

37

1230

1439

1633

1820

1995

2168

2333

2489

2649

38

1309

1531

1738

1936

2123

2307

2483

2649

2818

39

1626

1845

2056

2259

2449

2636

2818

2992

40

1726

1959

2183

2393

2600

2799

2992

3177

41

1828

2075

2312

2535

2754

2965

3162

3365

42

1932

2193

2443

2679

2911

3133

3350

3556

43

2317

2582

2831

3076

3311

3540

3758

44

2449

2729

2992

3251

3491

3733

3963

45

2582

2871

3155

3420

3681

3936

a78

46

2716

3027

3319

3606

3873

4140

4406

47

3177

3491

3784

4074

4355

4624

48

3342

3664

3981

4285

4571

4864

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bairk at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 712 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below aire to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

i.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.56

.58

.59

.61

7

.62

.64

.66

.68

.70 .72

.74

.76

.78

.80

8

.82

.85

.87

.90

.92 .95

.97

1.00

1.03

1.05

9

1.08

1.11

1.15

1.18

1.21 1.24

1.28

1.32

1.35

1.39

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Fona Class 92 = 173 x 1.15 * 194 bd. ft.
Basic data: 712 trees - Yellow poplar from: Geo. Washington, Cherokee, Pisgah and
Nantahala National Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Tucker County, W. Va.; Bland
County, Virginia and Chatham County, N. C. - Loblolly pine from: Piedmont and
northern coastal plain counties of South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.336667 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.696762 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011959 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.668960.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Loblolly pine ^5.9 percent; Yellowpoplar -7.0 percent ,4 '

Aggregate difference: estimated values - Loblolly pine 1.03 percent low;
Yellowpoplar 2.04 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERI1;eNT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 19.-SH0RTI^ PINE AND VIRGINIA PINE
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTHINATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

•Number of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH

i

1

Is

2

2i

3

4

4|

5

5i

In.

Gross volume in board feet

10

25

41

56

69

81

93

104

115

11

31

52

70

86

102

116

130

144

157

169

182

12

38

64

86

106

125

143

160

176

192

208

223

13

46

77

103

128

151

172

193

213

232

251

268

14

55

91

123

152

180

205

230

254

276

298

320

15

65

108

145

179

211

2a

270

298

325

352

377

16

75

125

169

208

246

280

315

347

378

409

438

17

87

144

194

240

283

324

363

400

436

471

506

18

99

165

223

275

324

371

a5

458

499

540

578

19

113

188

253

313

368

421

472

520

568

612

658

20

127

212

285

352

415

475

532

586

640

692

7a

21

238

320

395

466

532

597

658

718

776

832

22

265

357

441

520

594

665

734

800

865

929

23

396

490

577

659

740

815

889

962

1030

24

438

542

638

729

817

902

982

1062

1138

25

482

596

702

804

900

993

1081

U69

1253

26

653

771

881

986

1089

U86

1282

1377

27

714

8a

964

1079

1189

1297

1403

1503

28

778

916

1050

U75

1297

ia3

1528

1637

29

845

995

1140

1276

1406

1535

1660

1778

30

916

1079

1233

1380

1524

1663

1795

1928

31

989

U67

1334

1493

1648

1795

19a

2080

32

1067

1256

U35

1607

1774

1936

2089

33

1146

1349

1545

1730

1905

2080

2249

2ao

34

1230

1449

1656

1858

2046

2234

2a5

2588

35

1315

1552

1774

1986

2193

2388

2582

2767

36

1406

1660

1897

2123

2344

2553

2761

2958

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first l6.3~foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 503 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class 012
(Tens)

3

(lAiits)

4 5

Factors

6 7 8 9

5

6

7

8
9

.65

.67

.68

.70

.72

.74

.76

.78

.80

.62

.84

.86

.88

,90

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.03

1.05

1.08

1.10

1.13

1,16

1.19

1.22

1.25

1.28

1.32

1.35

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 208 x 1.13 = 235 bd. ft,
Basic data: 503 trees from Cherokee and Nantahala Nationail Forests; and northeastern
South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.354920 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) -(•
•735318 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010971 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.583906.

Average de-viation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Shortleaf pine ^5.9 percent; Virginia pine -5.7 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values - Shortleaf pine 1.32 percent high;

Virginia pine 2.72 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST ESPIREiENT STATION

J. H, Buell
December 1941

TABLE 20. -SUGAR IIAPLE, RED UAPLE AND SWEET BIRCH
O.B.-FORl! CLASS VOLUME TABIE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FCRM CLASS 84

DBH

1

li

In.

10

21

35

47

11

27

44

58

12

32

53

71

13

39

64

85

14

46

76

101

15

54

88

118

16

62

102

136

17

71

U7

157

18

81

133

178

19

92

151

201

20

103

169

226

21

115

189

253

22

128

210

280

23

141

232

310

24

156

256

342

25

280

375

26

307

ao

27

334

447

28

362

485

29

393

525

30

424

566

31

457

611

32

490

656

33

526

703

34

562

752

35

601

804

36

640

857

37

681

912

38

724

968

39

767

1026

40

813

1086

U

859

1148

42

908

1213

43

957

1279

44

45

46

47

48

■ Number of li

2 2i 3 3h

Grose

58

68

72

84

96

88

103

117

105

123

140

124

146

166

145

170

194

168

197

224

192

226

258

219

257

293

248

290

331

278

327

372

310

365

a5

345

405

461

382

448

510

420

493

562

460

5a

617

504

592

673

548

644

733

596

698

796

644

757

863

697

817

931

750

879

1002

805

946

1076

863

1014

U56

925

1084

1236

986

1159

1318

1052

1233

1406

1119

1312

1496

1189

1396

1589

1262

1479

1687

1337

1567

1786

1413

1656

1888

ll»89

1750

1995

1574

1845

2104

1945

2218

2046

:)333

2148

2449

2259

2570

2366

2698

).>-foot logs

4 4i 5
in board feet

131

144

156

169

157

172

188

202

185

204

222

239

217

238

259

279

251

275

300

324

287

316

344

371

327

360

392

423

370

406

443

478

a5

457

497

536

463

510

555

598

515

566

617

665

570

627

682

736

628

690

752

809

689

757

824

887

752

828

900

970

818

902

982

1057

889

980

106tl^

1148

964

1059

1153

1040

1143

1245

1343

1119

1233

1340

1445

1202

1324

1439

1552

1291

ia9

1545

1667

1380

1517

1652

1782

U72

1622

1766

1901

1570

1730

1879

2028

1671

18a

2000

2158

1774

1954

2128

2291

1884

2070

2254

2432

1995

2193

2388

2576

2109

2323

2523

2723

ooott.

2449

2667

2871

2350

2582

2812

3034

2477

2723

2965

3192

2606

2864

3119

3357

2735

3013

3273

3532

2871

3162

3436

3707

3013

3311

3606

3890

5i 6 6i 7

181

216

256

299

347

397

452

512

574

641

713

787

867

951

1040

1132

1230

1330

U39

1549

1663

1782

1910

2037

2173

2312

2455

2606

2754

2917

3076

3251

3420

3597

3784

3972

4169

Volxnne aa utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first I6. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the res\iLt being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Claes of the 247 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volvimes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.62

.63

.64

.66

.67

.69

.70

.72

7

.73

.75

.77

.78

.80

.82

.84

.86

.88

.90

8

.92

.94

.96

.98

1.00

1.02

1.04

1.07

1.09

l.U

9

1.14

1.17

1.19

1.22

1.24

1.27

1.30

1.33

1.36

1.39

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = I68 x 1.19 “ 190 bd. ft.
Basic data: 247 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Tucker County,

W. Va.; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the eq^tion:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.263548 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.716287 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .009572 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.388677.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes front values estimated by the equation:

Sugar maple ^8.3 percent; Red maple i8,4 percent; Sweet birch -6.3 percent.
Aggregate difference: estimated values - Sugar maple 5.59 percent high;

Red maple 5.51 percent low; Sweet birch 1.31 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 21. -WHITE OAK, CHESTNUT OAK, EASTHIN RED OAK, BLACK OAK AND SCARLET OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET INTffiNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FOHM CLASS 85

-Number of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH

h

1

li

2

2i

3

3h

4

4i

5

In.

Gross volume in board feet

10

21

34

46

57

67

77

11

26

43

58

71

84

96

107

12

32

52

70

87

102

U7

131

144

13

38

63

85

104

123

140

157

173

U

45

75

100

124

146

167

186

206

224

15

53

88

118

145

171

195

219

2a

262

16

61

102

137

169

199

226

254

279

305

329

17

70

117

157

194

228

261

292

321

350

378

18

81

133

180

221

261

297

333

366

400

432

19

91

151

203

251

295

337

377

a6

453

490

20

103

170

229

282

332

379

425

468

509

551

21

U5

190

256

316

372

425

474

524

570

617

22

128

212

285

352

413

472

528

582

635

686

23

142

234

316

389

458

524

586

646

703

760

24

156

259

348

430

506

577

646

711

776

838

25

171

284

383

472

555

634

710

782

853

920

26

188

311

419

516

608

695

776

857

933

1009

27

205

340

457

564

665

759

847

935

1019

1099

28

223

370

497

612

721

824

923

1016

1107

1197

29

401

538

664

782

893

1000

1102

U99

1297

30

434

582

718

845

966

1081

1191

1297

1403

31

468

628

774

912

1042

1167

1285

1400

1514

32

502

676

834

982

1119

1253

1384

1507

1626

33

540

726

895

1052

1202

1346

1483

1618

1746

34

578

778

959

1130

1288

1442

1589

1734

1871

35

618

332

1026

1208

1377

1542

1698

1854

2000

36

659

887

1094

1288

U72

1644

1816

1977

a33

37

703

944

1164

1371

1567

1754

1932

2104

2275

38

1005

1239

1459

1667

1862

2056

2239

2421

39

1067

1315

1549

1770

1982

2183

2377

2570

40

1130

1396

16a

1875

2099

2312

2523

2723

a

U76

1738

1986

2223

2449

2667

2884

42

1560

1837

2099

2350

2588

2818

3048

43

1648

19a

2218

2477

2735

2979

3214

44

1738

2046

2339

2618

2884

31a

3388

45

1828

2153

2460

2754

3034

3304

3573

46

1928

2265

2588

2897

3192

3483

3758

47

2023

2382

2716

30a

3357

3656

3945

48

2123

2500

2858

3192

3524

3837

4140

Volifflie as

utilized, to

a variable top diameter

•

O.B..

-FORM CLASS;

Diameter outside bark at top of first l6.3-fo(

5i

diameter outside bark at breast height, the resxilt being multipLaed by 100.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 1802 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIESS FOR OTHEE O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8 9

(Tens)

5

.44

.45

.46

.47

Factors

.48 .50

.51

.52

.53

.54

6

.56

.57

.58

.60

.61

.63

.64

.66

.67

,69

7

.70

.72

.74

.76

.77

.79

.81

.83

.85

.87

8

.89

.91

.93

.95

.98 1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07 1.10

9

1.12

1.15

1.18

1.20

1.23 1.26

1.29

1.32

1,35 1.38

Examples Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 «■ 169 x. 1.18 = 199 bd. ft.
Basic data: 1802 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Garrett County, Maryland; Hardy and Tucker Counties,
W. Va.; - Bland County, Virginia; and Chatham County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the ecmations

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. = 2.305965 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.729780 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) +.010116 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.514001.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;
White oak ^7.9 percent; Chestnut oak ^6.8 percent; Eastern red oak i6.6 percent;
Black oak i6.3 percent; and Scarlet oak i6.5 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated value - White oak 4.51 percent low; Chestnut oak
3.97 percent high; Eastern red oak 2.02 percent high; Black oak 1.90 percent high;
and Scarlet osk 4.33 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABLE 22.-VmiTE ASH AND BASSWOOD
O.B.-FOW.; CLASS VOLUilE TABLE
BOARD FEET INTERNATIONAL 1/4" LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 87

DBH ^ 1 li

In.

Number of 16,3-foot logs

2 2i 3 h 4 5

Gross volume In board feet

6 6^

7

10

21

35

48

59

70

79

11

27

44

60

74

87

100

12

33

55

74

91

107

123

138

152

13

40

66

89

UO

130

149

167

184

U

47

79

107

132

156

178

200

220

240

259

15

56

93

126

156

184

210

236

259

283

306

16

65

109

U7

182

2U

245

275

303

330

357

17

76

126

170

210

248

283

318

350

382

413

18

87

144

195

241

284

325

365

402

438

474

508

19

99

164

222

274

324

370

kl5

458

499

540

579

20

112

186

251

310

366

a9

469

518

565

610

655

21

209

282

348

ai

470

527

582

634

686

736

22

234

316

390

459

526

589

650

710

767

822

23

260

351

434

512

585

656

723

789

853

9U

24

288

388

481

566

647

726

802

873

9A4

1014

25

318

428

530

625

7U

800

883

964

1042

m?

26

349

471

582

686

785

879

970

1059

1146

1227

27

382

515

637

752

859

964

1062

U59

1253

1343

28

a7

562

695

820

938

1052

1159

1265

1368

1466

29

611

757

891

1019

1143

1262

1374

I486

1596

30

664

820

968

1107

1239

1368

1493

1614

1730

31

718

887

1047

1197

1343

U79

1614

1746

1871

32

774

957

1127

1291

1U5

1596

1742

1384

2018

33

834

1030

1216

1390

1556

1718

1875

2028

2173

34

1107

1306

1493

1675

1845

2014

2178

2333

35

1186

1400

1600

1795

1982

2158

2333

2506

36

1271

1496

1714

1919

2118

2312

2495

2679

37

1355

1600

1828

2051

2259

2466

2667

2858

38

1445

1706

1950

2188

2410

2630

2844

3048

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47
43

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FCRlt CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 192 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

IflJLTIPLUIiS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.54

.56

.58

.60

7

.61

.63

.65

.67

.69 .71

.73

.75

.77

.79

8

.82

.84

.86

.89

.92 .94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

9

1.09

1.12

1.15

1.19

1.22 1.26

1.29

1.33

1.37

i.a

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 182 x 1.15 209 bd. ft.

Basic data: 192 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests and Tucker County,
W. Va.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm International 1/4" bd. ft. vol. » 2.397562 (logarithm d.b.h. incnes) +
.737772 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .012495 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.831076.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

y/hite ash ^6.4 percent; Basswood ^.1 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values - White ash 1.32 percent high;

Basswood 1.83 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMEN'" STATION

TABLE 23. -EASTERN VfHITE PINE
0.B.-F0R14 CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 82

DBH

In.

10 [

11

12

13

U

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

------- -Number of 16. 3-foot logs

li 2 2i 3 3i 4 4i 5
Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

5i

15

5

8

10

13

16

6

9

12

15

17

7

10

14

17

18

7

12

16

19

19

3

13

18

21

20

9

15

20

24

21

ur

17

22

27

22

12

18

24

30

23

13

20

27

32

24

22

30

36

25

25

32

39

26

27

35

43

46

50 1
54

59

63

66

111

13

15

17

19

22

28

31

34

38

42

46

50

54

58

10

12

68

73

78

84

90

141

17

19

22

25

31

35

39

43

47

51

56

61

66

71

77

83

89

95

13

16

181

21

24

23

35

39

43

47

52

57

62

68

73

79

J1

92
98
105
101 112
108 120
115 128
136
lU

17

20

22

25

27

6^

27

29

31

30

33

35

34

37

40

38

a

44

42

46

49

53

47

51

55

58

52

56

60

64

57

62

66

71

75

62

67

72

77

82

68

74

79

84

89

94

74

80

86

92

97

102

87

93

99

105

m

117

86

94

100

107

lU

120

126

93

101

108

116

122

129

136

100 [

■.109

116

124

132

139

U6

107

116

125

133

U1

149

156

115

124

143

151

160

168

123

133

U3

152

161

170

179

131

142

152

162

172

182

191

140

151

162

173

183

193 C

203

148

160

172

183

194

205

216

157

170

182

194

206

218

229

193

206

218

231

242

204

218

231

244

256

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 210 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLISIS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to nwltiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6 7 8 9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

.73

.74

.76

,78

.81 .83

.85 .88 .90 .92

8

.95

.97

1.00

1.03

1.05 1.08

1.11 1.14 1.17 1.20

9

1.24

1.27

1.30

1.34

1.37

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 15 x 1.30 = 20.

Basic data: 210 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.205930 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.670361 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + ,011578 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.454191.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^6.1 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.80 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIKiENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 2A. -LOBLOLLY PINE
O.B.-FORU CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNHl DECIMAL C LOG RUUE
O.B.-FORU CLASS 86

DBH

In.

10

U

12

13

lA

15

16

17

18

19

20
21
22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

Number of 16. 3-foot loga -

li 2 2;^ 3 3i 4 4l 5

Groaa volume in board feat (Tena)

146

132
142
154
166 184

158 173

170 186

159 172

187

185
200
201 216

200 217 233

197

213

231

248

26

30

36

42

48

55

63

71

80

90

100

111

122

135

148

162

177

192

209

226

244

263

7

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47
43

Volume aa utilized, to a variable top diameter,

O.B.-FORU CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 378 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in -table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORU CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7 .62

8 .83

9 1.13

.64 .66 .68

.86 .88 .91

1.16 1.20 1.23

.70 ,72 .74

.94 .97 1.00

1.27 1.31 1.35

.76 .78 .81

1.03 1.06 1.09
1.39 1.44 1.48

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 15 x 1.20 = 18.

Basic data: 378 trees from Piedmont and northern coastal plain counties of South
Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.656781 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.668339 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .013130 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.174013.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
i6.3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.40 percent high.

APPALACHIAfJ FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

Table 25.-vik;inia pine

O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBKSl DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

-Number of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH i 1 li 2 2i 3 4 4^ 5 54 6 64 7

In. Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

9

11

3

4

6

7

8

10

u

12

13

14

15

12

3

6

7

9

11

12

13

15

16

17

18

13

4

7

9

U

13

15

16

18

19

21

22

14

5

8

11

13

15

18

20

22

23

25

27

15

6

10

13

16

18

21

23

26

28

30

32

16

7

11

15

18

21

24

27

30

32

35

37

17

8

13

17

21

25

28

32

35

38

41

43

18

9

15

20

24

29

32

36

40

43

47

50

19

10

17

23

28

33

37

a

46

49

53

57

20

12

19

26

32

37 r

42

47

52

56

60

65

21

22

29

36

42

48

53

58

63

68

73

22

25

33

40

47

53

59

65

71

76

82

23

36

45

52 r

59

66

73

79

85

91

24

50

58

66

73

81

88

95

101

25

81

89

97

104

U2

26

98

107

U5

123

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first I6. 3-foot log dividea by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 179 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes,

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class 012
(Tens)

3

(Units)

4 5

Factors

6 7 8 9

5

6

7 .69 .71 .73 .75 .77 .79 .81 .83 .85 .88

8 .90 .92 .95 .97 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.14

9 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.30 1.33 1.37 1.40 1.44 1.48

Example; Volume of I6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 18 x 1.23 = 22.

Basic data: 179 trees from Cherokee and Nantsihsda National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.457404 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.704882 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011371 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.718291.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^5.0 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.11 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERBIENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABUE 26.-SH0HTIEAF PINE
O.B.-PORil CLASS VOLUME TABUE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 89

Nuober of 16. 3-foot loga

DBH J 1 2 2i 3 3i U Li 5 5i 6

In. GroBB volume in board fsot (Tons)

10

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

3

5

6

7

9

10

11

12

12

4

6

8

9

11

12

14

15

13

4

7

9

12

13

15

17

19

14

5

9

U

14

16

18

21

23

25

15

6

10

14

17

20

22

25

27

29

16

8

12

16

20

23

26

29

32

35

38

40

17

9

u L

19

23

27

31

34

38

41

44

47

18

10

16

22

27

31

36

40

44

47

51

55

19

12

19

25

31

36

a

46

50

55

59

63

20

22 [

29

35

U

47

52

57

62

67

72

21

25

33

40

47

53

59

65

71

76

82

22

28

37

4?

53

60

67

74

80

86

92

23

42

51

59

67

75

83

90

97

103

24

46

57

66

76

84

92

100

108

U5

25

52

63

74

84

94

103

in

120

126

26

70

82

93

104

114

124

133

142

27

77

90

103

114

125

136

147

157

28

85

99

113

126

138

150

161

173

29

93

109

124

138

151

164

177

189

30

101

U9

135

150

165

180

193

206

31

111

129

U7

164

180

195

210

225

32

120

140

160

178

195

212

229

244

33

130

152

173

193

212

230

248

265

34

141

164

187

208

229

248

267

286

35

152

177

202

225

247

268

286

308

36

163

191

217

242

266

286

310

332

37

38

39

6i 7

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 324 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other OoB.-Form Classe.

MULTIPLIES FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class 012 3 456789

(Tens) Factors

5

6

7

.66

.68

.70

.72

.74

.76

8

.78

.80 ,

.82

.85 .87

.90

.92

.95

.97

1.00

9

1.03

1.06 1,

.08

i.n 1.15

1.18

1.21

1.24

1.28

1.32

Example : Volume

of 16", 2-

log tree

of

O.B.-Form Class 92

= 20

X 1.08

- 22.

Basic data: 324 trees from Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests; and northeast-
ern South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. - 2.605507 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.701402 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .0U980 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.969663.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
±6.6 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values 0.23 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMEHT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABtE 27. -EASTERN HESiLOCK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABIS

BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C IDG RUIS
0. 3,-FORM CLASS 85

-Nuznberof 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH t 11^ 2 2j 3 3| 4 4i 5 5^ 6 6^ 7

In, Gross voluma in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

11

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

5

6

8

9

10

13

4

6

8

9

U

1 12

14

5

7

9

U

13

u

16

15

5

8

11

13

15

17

19

16

6

10

13

15

18

20

22

24

17

7

11

15

18

20

23

25

28

30

18

8

13

17

20

23

26

29

31

34

36

19

9

15

19

23

26

30

33

36

38

a

20

11

17

21

26

30

34

37

40

43

46

21

12

18

24

29

33

38

41

45

49

52

22

13

21

27

32

37

42

46

50

54

58

23

15

23

30

36

a

46

51

56

60

64

68

24

16

25

33

40

46

51

57

62

66

71

76

25

28

36

44

50

56

62

68

73

78

83

26

31

40

48

55

62

68

74

80

86

91

27

34

43

52

60

68

75

81

88

94

100

28

36

47

V

65

74

81

88

96

102

103

ns

29

40

51

62

71

80

88

96

104

in

ns

124

30

43

55

67

77

86

96

104

112

j 120

127

135

31

46

60

72

83

93

103

na

121

129

138

146

165

32

50

64

78

90

-100-

in

121

130

148

157

33

54

69

83

96

108

n9

130

140

1 150

159

168

TTT

34

57

74

90

103

116

123

139

150

161

171

181

190

35

80

96

no

124

137

149

161

172

183

193

203

36

85

102

U8

132

146

159

184

195

206

217

37

91

109

126

141

156

170

183

196

208

220

232

38

U6

134

150

166

181

195

208

234

247

39

123

142

160

176

192

207

221

236

249

262

40

131

151

169

187

204

220

235

250

264

278

41

139

160

180

198

216

233

249

265

230

294

42

147

169

190

210

229

246

264

280

296

312

43

U

45

'♦6

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

6. B. -FORM CLASS s Diameter outside bark at top of first 16.3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the res\ilt being miLLtiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 112 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Foim Classes:

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

z

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

.76

.78

.80

.82

.84

.86

8

.88 .90

.93

.95 .98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.08

1.10

9

1.13 1.16

1.19

1,22 1.25

1.28

1,31

1.34

1.38

1.42

Volume of 16

1", 2-log tree of

O.B.-Form Cl

ass 92

= 15

X 1.19

n 18

Basic data: 112 trees frcai Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; and
Bland Co\mty, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd, ft. vol. = 2.339470 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.639514 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010737 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.511685.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
±7.1 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.15 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPHilMENT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABLE 28. -SWEET BIRCH
O.B.-PORU CLASS VOLUliE TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNIE DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

DBH

1

2

2i 3

or 10.^

-lOOT

4

In.

Gross

volume

in board fe

10

2

3

4

5

11

2

4

5

6

12

3

4

6

8

13

3

5

8

9

11

14

4

6

9

11

13

15

4

8

10

13

16

16

5

9

12

15

18

21

17

6

10

14

18

21

24

18

7

12

16

20

24

28

35

19

8

13

18

23

27

35

39

20

9

15

21

26

31

35

40

44

21

10

17

23

29

35

40

45

50

22

11

19

26

32

39

44

50

55

23

12

21

29

36

43

49

56

62

24

14

23

32

40

47

55

62

68

25

26

35

44

52

60

68

75

26

28

39

48

57

66

74

32

27

42

53

63

72

81

90

28

34

46

58

68

79

89

98

29

37

50

62

74

85

96

107

30

40

54

68

80

92

104

116

31

43

59

73

87

100

U3

125

32

46

63

79

94

108

121

135

4i

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

5i 6

6i 7

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Forn Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 54 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.64

.66

.67

.68

.70

.71

.72

.74

7

.76

.77

.78

.80

.82

.83

.85

.87

.88

.90

8

.92

.94

.96

.98

1.00

1.02

1.04

1.06

1.08

1.10

9

1.13

1.15

1.17

1.20

1.22

1.24

1.27

1.30

1.32

1.35

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 «= 15 x 1.17 = 18.

Basic data: 54 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; and Bland County,
Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.361890 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) +

.772073 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .008695 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.557288.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estioated by the equation:
i6.3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.22 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 29.-EASTHRN RED OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNHl DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 85

— -Number of 16.3-foot logs

DBH i 1 Ik Z 2k 3 3i 4 4i 5 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4|

5

6

7

11

2

4

5

6 1

7

8

12

3

5

6

8

9

10

13

3

6

8

9

11

13

14

14 1

4

7

9

U

13

15

17

15

5

8

11

3

15

18

20

22

16

6

9

12

-5

18

20

23

25

17

6

11

U

18

21

24

26

29

18

7

12

16

20

24

27

30

33

36

19

8

14

19

23

27

31

34

38

41

20

10

16

21

26

30

35

39

43

47

21

3.8

24

29

34

39

44

48

52

56

22

20

26

32

38

43

49

54

58

63

23

22

29

36

42

48

54

59

65

70

24

24

32

40

47

54

60

66

72

77

25

27

36

44

52

59

66

72

79

85

26

29

39

48

56

65

72

79

86

94

27

32

43

53

62

70

7?

87

95

102

28

35

47

57

67

77

36

95

103

111

29

38

51

62

73

84

93

103

112

121

30

a

54

67

79

90

101

111

121

131

31

44

59 1

73

86

98

109

120

131

142

32

48

64

78

92

105

118

130

141

152

33

51

69

84 1

99

113

126

139

152

164

34

55

74 1

91

106

122

136

150

163

176

35

59

79

97

114

T30^

U6

160

175

188

36

63

84

104

122

139

156

171

187

201

37

90

111

130

148

166

183

199

215

38

96

118

138

158

177

194

212

229

39

102

125

Ikl

168

188

207

225

243

40

108

133

156

178

200

220

239

258

41

lU

166

189

211

233

254

274

42

U9

175

200

223

246

268

290

43

158

185

211

237

261

284

306

44

166

195

223

250

275

299

324

45

175

206

236

263

290

316

340

46

-

185

217

248

277

306

333

359

47

194

229

261

292

321

350

378

48

204

240

274

306

337

367

396

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided 67
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for edl O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 280 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.63

.65

.66

.68

7

.70

.71

.73

.75

.77

.79

.80

.82

.84

.86

8

.89

.91

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07

1.10

9

1.12

1.15

1.18

1.21

1.24

1.27

1.30

1.33

1.36

1.40

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 15 x 1..18 = 18.

Basic data: 280 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Jackson
County, Ohio; Garrett County, i!d.; Tucker County, W. Va.; and Eland County, Va.
Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.358786 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.724375 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010388 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.634671.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
i7.3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.23 percent high.

APPAUCHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABLE 30. -SCARLET OAK
C.B.-FORi: CLASS VOLUl® TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIliAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

— — Number of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH i 1 li 2 2i 3 3h k kh 5 5i 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in bocircl feat (Tens)

10

2

3

4

6

6

8

11

2

4

1 ^

7

8

9

n

12 1

3

5

7

8

10

12

13

14

13

4

6

8

10

12

U

16

17

14

4

7

10

12

15

17

19

21

23

15

5

9

12

14

17

20

22

24

27

16

6

10

14

17

20

23

26

29

31

34

17

7

12

16

20

23

27

30

33

36

39

18

8

13

18

22

27

30

34

38

U

45

19

9

15

20

26

30

35

39

43

47

51

20

10

17

23

29

34

39

44

49

53

58

21

11

19

26

32

38

44

49

55

60

65

22

13

21

29

36

43

49

55 1

67

72

23

14

24

32

40

48

55

61

68

74

80

24

16

26

36

45

53

60

68

75

82

89

25

17

29

40

49

W

67

75

83

91

98

26

32

43

54

64

73

82

91

100

108

27

35

48

59

70

80

90

100

109

118

28

38

52

64

76

88

98

109

n9

129

29

42

56

70

83

95

107

n8

129

140

30

45

61

76

90

103

U6

128

140

152

31

49

66

82

97

m

125

139

151

164

32

52

71

88

105

120

135

U9

163

177

33

77

95

113

129

146

161

176

190

34

82

102

121

139

156

173

189

205

35

no

130

U9

168

185

202

219

36

n7

139

159

179

198

216

234

37

38

39

W

a

A2

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 213 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2 3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.60

.62

.64

.65

7

.67

.68

.70 .72

.73 .75

.77

.79

.81

.83

8

.85

.87

.89 .91

.93 .95

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

9

1.07

1.10

1.12 1.15

1.18 1.21

1.24

1.27

1.30

1.33

Example: Volume of I6

1", 2~log tree of O.B.-]

Form Class 92

« 17

X 1.12

= 19.

Basic data: 213 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Bland County, Virginia; and Chatham County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. « 2.387291 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.755965 (logarithm raerch. ht. ft.) + .010347 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.690299.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^5.5 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.26 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EJEERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 31. -BLACK OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

Number of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH i 1 1^ 2 2| 3 3^ 4 5 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

11

2

4

5

6

8

9

12

3

5

5"

sL

9

11

12

13 r

3

6

8

9

u

13

U

16

14 1

4

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

15

5

8

11

13

16

18

20

22

24

16

5

9

12

15

18

21

23

26

28

17

6

10

14

18

21

24

27

30

32

18

7

12

16

20

24

27

30

34

37

19

8

14

18

23

27

31

35

38

42

20

9

15

21

26

30

35

39

43

47

21

17

23

29

34

39

U

48

53

22

19

26

32

38

43

48

54

59

23

21

28

35

42

48

54

59

65

24

23

32

39

if6

53

59

66

72

25

26

35

43

51

58

65

72

79

26

28

38

47

56

64

71

79

86

27

30

41

?1 1

61

70

78

S6

94

28

33

45

56

66

76

85

94

103

29

36

49

60

72

82

92

102

lU

30

39

53

66

77

89

100

110

120

31

42

57

84

96

107

119

130

32

45

61

76

90

103

116

128

140

33

48

66

82

97

lU

124

137

150

34

52

70

88

104

119

133

147

161

35

56

76

94

111

127

U3

157

172

36

59

80

100

U8

135

152

168

184

37

63

86

106

126

144

162

179

195

38

91

113

134

154

172

190

208

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Fom Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 150 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Fom Class 0

1 2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.67

.69

7 .70

.72 .74

.76

,78 .80

.82

.84

.86

.88

8 .90

.93 .95

.98

1.00 1.02

1.05

1.08

1.10

1.13

9 1.16

1.19 1.22

1.25

1.28 1.32

1.35

1.38

1.42

1.45

Example; Volume of l6", 2-log tree of

O.B.-Fom Class 92

m 15

X 1.22

* 18.

Basic data: 150 trees from Cherokee, Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National Forests;

Jackson County, Ohio; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed frcan the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.316801 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.749715 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010858 (O.B.-Fom Class) - 2.652733.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;
^5.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.20 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABLii 32. -WHITE OAK
O.B.-FOR!.: CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECBUIL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORil CLASS 84

of 16.

3-foot

logs-

DBH

2

1

2

2^

3

4

Ui

5

In.

Gross

volume

in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

1 5

6

11

2

4

5

6

1 7

8

12

3

5

6

8

1 9

10

13

4

6

8

10

11

13

14

14

4

7

9

11

13

15

17

15

5

8

11

13

16

18

20

16

6

10

13

16

18

21

23

25

17

7

11

15

18

21

24

27

29

18

8

13

17

21

24

28

31

34 1

36

19

9

15

19

24

28

31

35

38

42

20

10

17

22

27

31

36

40

43

47

51

21

12

19

25

30

35

40

44

49

53

57

22

13

21

28

34

39

45

50

55

59

64

23

U

23

31

38

44

50

56

61

66

71

24

16

26

34

42

49

55

61

67

73

79

25

28

38

46

54

61

68

74

81

87

26

31

42

51

59

67

75

82

W\

96

27

34

45

56

65

73

82

90

97

104

28

37

50

60

71

80

39

98

106

114

29

a

54

66

77

87

97

106

116

124

30

44

59

71.

83

95

105

116

125

135

31

48

63

77

90

103

114

125

136

146

32

52

68

84

98

111

123

135

147

158

33

56

74

90

105

119

133

U6

158

170

34

5o1

79

97

113

128

U3

156

170

182

35

64

^5

104

121

137

153

168

132

196

36

69

91

U1

130

147

164

180

194 •

209

37

97

119

138

157

175

192

208

224

38

104

148

168

187

“2051

222

239

39

110

135

157

179

199

218

237

254

40

118

143

167

190

211

232

251

270

a

152

177

201

224

246

267

287

42

161

188

213

238

261

282

304

43

171

199

226

252

276

299

322

44

180

210

239

266

292

316

340

45

190

222

252

280

308

334

359

46

201

234

296

324

352

379

47

211

247

280

312

342

371

399

48

222

259

294

328

360

390

420

toliane as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 688 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

multipliers for OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the average table to obtain

volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

.45

.46

.47

.48

.49

.50

.52

.53

.54

.56

6

.57

.58

.60

.61

.62

.64

.65

.67

.69

.70

7

.72

.74

.75

.77

.79

.81

.83

.85

.87

.89

8

.91

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07

1.10

1.12

9

1.15

1.18

1.20

1.23

1.26

1.29

1.32

1.36

1.39

1.42

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = l6 x 1.20 = 19.

Basic data: 688 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Garrett County, Md.; Hardy County, W. Va.;

Bland County, Va.; and Chath^lm County, N. C.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.416195 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.692581 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010189 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.618716.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
±7.0 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.08 percent high.

APPALACHIAI'I FOREST EXPlillli.ENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 33. -CHESTNUT OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUlffi lABIE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 86

1 Number of 16 .’3-foot loga

DBH 5 1 li 2 2^ 3 3| 4 4^ 5 5s 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

11

2

4

5

6

7

8

12

3

5

6

7

9

10

13

3

6

7

9

10

12

Ik

4

7

9

11

13

14

15

5

8

10

13

15

17

19

16

6

9

12

15

17

20

22

17

7

11

14

17

20

23

25

18

8

12

16

20

23

26

29

19

9

14

18

23

26

30

33

37

20

10

16

21

26

30

34

38

42

21

11

18

24

29

34

38

43

47

22

12

20

26

32

38

43

48

521

23

14

22

29

36

42

48

53

58

64

24

15

25

33

40

47

53

59

65

70

25

17

27

36

44

52

?9

65

72

78

26

18

30

40

49

57

65

72

79

86

92

27

20

33

44

53

62

71

79

86

94

101

28

22

?6

43

58

68

77

86

95

103

no

29

39

52

63

74

84

94

103

112

120

30

42

56

69

81

91

102

112

121

131

31

46

61

75

87

99

no

121

132

142

32

50

6(>

81

94

107

nr

131

142

153

33

54

71

87

102

115

128

“un

153

165

34

58

77

94

109

124

133

152

165

177

35

62

82

100

117

133

U9

163

177

190

36

66

88

107

126

143

159

175

190

204

37

94

115

134

153

170

187

203

218

38

100

123

~142r

163

182

199

216

233

39

109

131

153

173

193

213

231

248

40

114

139

163

184

206

226 1

246

264

41

121

148

173

196

218

240

261

280

42

128

157

183

208

232

254

276

297

43

166

194

220

246

269

292

315

44

175

205

233

259

285

310

333

45

46

47
43

Folume &s utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS; Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 471 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

ivRJlTIPLIBRS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

.48

.49

.50

.51

Factors

.52 ,53

,54

.56

.57

.58

6

.59

.60

.62

.63

.64

.65

.67

.68

.70

.71

7

.72

.74

.75

.77

.78

.80

.82

.33

.85

.87

8

.88

.90

.92

.94

.96

.98

1.00 1.02

1.04 1.06

9

1.08

1.10

1.13

1.15

1.18 1.20

1.22 1.25

1.27 1.30

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 15 x 1.13 = 17.

Basic data: 471 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Jackson
County, Ohio; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft, vol. = 2.440861 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.699519 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .008751 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.578469.

Average deviation of individual tree volimies from values estimated by the equation;
i6.7 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.47 percent low.

APPAUCHIAN FOREST EXPSRIONT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 34.-TKLLOTPCPLAR
O.B.-FCRl! CUSS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DBCIiiXL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FOail CLASS 38

DBH

In.

10

Number of 16. 3-foot logs

2 2i 3 3s 4 4i 5
GroBB volume In board feet (Tena)

8

n 3

4

6

7

3

9

1 10

10

12 3

5

7

8

10

11

12

13

13 4

6

8

10

12

13

u

16

14 5

8

10

12

U

15

17

19

20

15 6

9

12

U

16

18

20

22

24

16 6

10

14

16

19

21

24

26

28

17 8

12

16

19

22

25

27

30

32

18

14

18

22

25

28

31

34

37

19

16

20

25

28

32

36

39

42

45

20

18

23

28

' 32

36

40

44

47

51

21

20

26

31

36

41

45

49

53

57

22

22

29

35

40

46

50

55

60

64

23

32

39

45

51

56

61

&6

71

76

24

35

43

50

56

62

68

73

79

84

25

39

47

55

62

69

75

81

87

92

26

43

52

60

68

75

82

89

95

101

27

47

V

66

74

82

90

97

104

111

28

51

62

72

81

90

98

106

114

121

29

56

68

78

88

98

115

124

132

30

61

73

85

96

106

116

125

134

143

31

66

79

92

104

115

125

135

U5

154

32

36

99

112

124

135

146

156

167

33

22.

107

120

133

145

“TsT

168

180

34

99

129

143

156

169

181

193

35

106

123

138

153

168

181

194

206

36

113

131

148

164

179

193

208

221

37

121

140

158

175

191

206

221

236

38

129

150

I69

187

204

220

236

251

39

159

180

199

217

234

251

268

40

169

190

211

230

249

267

284

a

179

202

224

244

264

283

301

42

190

il4

CM

259

280

300

319

43

226

251 1

274

296

318

338

44

239

265

29c

313

335

35?

45

252

280

306

330

354

377

46

266

295

322

348

373

397

47

31C

339

366

393

418

48

327

356

386

a3

440

7

Volume as utlll2ed, to a Tarxable top dlaiaator.

O.B.-FORli CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided 67
diameter outaide bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 334 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

JiULTIPUERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FCSUi CUSSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain

volumes

for other 0,

.B.-Fonn Classes

(Units)

,B.-Form Class

0

1

2 3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.53

.54

.56

.58

7

.59

.61

.63 .65

.67 .

69

.71

.73

.75

.77

8

.79

.82

.84 .86

.89 .

92

-94

.97

1.00

1.03

9

1.06

1.09

1.12 1.15

1.19 1.

22

1.26

1.29

1.33

1.37

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 =• I6 x 1.12 » 18.

Basic data: 334 trees from Geo. Washington, Cherokee, Pisgah, and Nantahala National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Tucker County, W. Va.; Bland County, Va.; and
Chatham County, .N. C.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. ■< 2.393125 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.659267 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .012514 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.768833.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
i6.9 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.59 percent low.

APPAUCHIAl'J FOREST EXPHilLEtfr STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 35. -SUGAR IIAPLE
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNFK DECIMAL C LOG RUI£
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

Number of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH h' 1 2 2i 3 3S 4 4t 5 5j 6

In, Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

6

11

2

4

5

6

7

8

12

3

5

6

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

13 1

4

6

8

9

11

12

13

15

16

17

18

14

4

7

9

U

13

14

16

17

19

20

22

15

5

8

10

13

15

17

19

20

22

24

25

16

6

9

12

15

17

20

22

24

26

28

29

17

7

11

14

17

20

22

25

27

30

32

34

18

3

12

16

20

23

26

28

31

34

36

39

19

9

14

18

22

26

29

32

35

38

a

44

20

10

16

20

25

29

33

36

40

43

46

49

21

17

23

28

32

37

41

44

48

52

55

22

19

26

31

36

U

45

50

54

58

62

23

22

28

34

40

45

50

55

60

64

68

24

24

31

38

44

50

56

61

66

71

76

25

26

34

42

48

55

61

67

72

78

83

26

29

38

46

53

60

67

73

79

85

91

27

31

41

50

58

66

73

80

86

93

99

28

34

45

54

63

72

79

87

94

101

108

29

37

48

59

68

78

86

94

102

no

n?

30

40

52

64

74

84

93

102

in

n9

12?

31

43

57

69

80

90

101

110

n9

128

137

32

46

61

74

86 1

98

108

119

128

138

147

33

50

65

80

93

105

116

127

138

148

158

34

53

70

85

99

112

125

136

148

159

169

35

57

75

91

106

120

133

146

158

170

181

36

61

80

98

114

128

143

156

169

182

194

37

65

86

104

121 [

137

152

166

180

193

206

38

69

91

111

128

U6

161

177

191

206

219

39

73

97

118

136

154

172

188

~203]

219

233

40

78

103

124

145

164

182

199

216

232

247

41

82

109

132

154

174

193

211

229

246

262

42

87

115 1

139

162

184

204

223

242

259

277

43

92

121

U7

171

194

a5

236

255

274

292

44

45

46

47

48

6^ 7

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result beii:g multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Claeses.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 105 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

mTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Ifel-i

ts)

O.B.-Fom Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.63

.64

.66

.68

7

.70

.71

.73

.75

.77

.79

.81

.83

.86

.83

8

.90

.92

.95

.98

1.00

1.03

1.05

1,08

i.n

1.14

9 1

.17

1.20

1.23

1.26

1.29

1.33

1.36

1.40

1.44

1.48

Example; Volume of 16"

, 2-

log tree of 0

.B.-Form Class 92

= 15

X 1.23

= 18.

Basic data: 105 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.323953 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.677930 (logarithm mer oh. ht. ft.) + .011266 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.600019.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
*7.7 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.09 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIi.El'IT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TA3I£ 36. -RED UAPLB
O.B.-FCfUl CLASS VOLUllE TABUS
BOARD FEET SCRIBNQi DSCBIAL C lOG RUI£

O.B.-FOHU CLASS 84

-Kujnber of 16. 3-foot logs- ______

DBH i 1 2 2i 3 3^ 4 4i 5 5i 6 6i 7

Ip. Groaa volumo In board fe«t (Tan»)

10 2 3 4 5

11 2 4| ri 7 8

12

?

5

7

8

9

11

13

4

6

8

10

n

13

U

4

7

9

12

14

15

17

19

15

5

8

11

U

16

18

20

22

16

6

10

13

16

19

21

24

26

17

7

11

15

18

21

24

27

30

18

8

13

17

21

25

28

31

34

19

9

15

20

24

28

32

35

39

20

10

17

22

27

32

36

40

U

21

19

25

30

35

40

45

49

22

21

28

34

40

45

50

55

23

23

31

38

44

50

56

61

24

26

34

42

49

55

62

68

25

28

38

46

54

61

63

75

26

31

41

51

59

67

75

82

27

34

45

55

65

73

82

90

28

37

49

60

70

80

98

29

a

54

77

87

97

106

30

44

58

71

83

94

105

U5

31

63

77

90

102

U4

124

32

68

8?"

97

UO

122

134

33

73

89

104

U8

132

144

34

79

96

112

127

141

155

35

103

120

136

151

166

36

UO

128

146

162

178

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 88 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Unite)

O.B.-Form Class

0 1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.68

.69

.71

.72

7

.74 .76

.77

.79

.80 .82

.84

.86

.88

.90

6

.92 .94

.96

.98

1.00 1.02

1.04

1.06

1.09

l.U

9

1.14 1.16

1.19

1.21

1.24 1.26

1.29

1.32

1.35

1.38

Example: Volume of 16

1", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92

- 16

X 1.19

«= 19.

Basic data: 88 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Tucker County,

W. Va.; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.381072 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.694671 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .009310 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.498312.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
*6.9 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.47 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIll^JT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 37. -BASSWOOD
O.B.-FORU CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FELT SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RU1£
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

DBS

10

U

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20
21
22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

-Number of 16. 3-foot logs •

i 1 li 2 3 3i 4 4i 5 5^

Gross volume in board feat (Tens)

2

3

4

5

6

7

2

4

5

6

8

9

3

5

7

8

9

n

12

13

4

r

8

10

12

13

15

16

4

7

10

12

14

16

18

20

21

23

5

9

12

U

17

19

21

23

25

27

10

U

17

20

22

25

2?

30

32

7

12

16

20

23

26

29

32

35

38

9

u

19

23

27

30

34

37

40

43

46

10

16

21

26

30

35

39

42

46

50

53

U

18

30

35

39

44

48

53

57

61

21

27

34

39

45

50

55

60

64

69

23

31

33.

44

5Q_

56

62

67

72

77

26

35

42

50

56

63

69

75

81

86

2?

38

47

55

63

70

77

84

90

96

32

43

52

61

70

78

85

93 1

100

107

35

47

68

77

36

94

103

no

118

39

52

64

74

85

94

104

113

122

130

43

57

79

82

93

104

114

124

133

143

62

76

89

102

U3

124

135

146

156

63

83

97

111

123

136

U7

159

170

74

90

106

120

134

“iir

160

173

164

80

9?

U5

130

146

174

187

200

86

106

124

141

157

173

188

202

216

114

134

152

170

187

203

218

233

123

144

164

183

201

218

235

251

132

155

176

196

216

234

2§2

270

142

166

189

210

231

251

270

290

152

177

202

225

248

269

290

310

6

6i 7

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS! Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B,-Form Class of the 140 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table bolo'»f are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes,

MULTIPUraS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by -Hhlch to multiply -volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6 7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

,57 .58

.60

.61

7

.63

.65

.66

.63

.70 .72

.74 .76

• 78

.80

8

.S3

.35

.87

.90

.92 .95

.97 1.00

1.03

1.05

9

1,08

1.11

l.U

1.18

1.21 1.24

1.27 1.31

1.35

1.38

Example! Volume of 16”, 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 17 x 1.14 » 19.

Basic data: 140 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. « 2,542317 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.705954 (logarithm merch, ht. ft.) + .011750 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2,925396.
Average de-viatioa of indl-vidual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^7.7 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0,01 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 38.-WHITE ASH
O.B.-FORU CLASS VOLUME TABIE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORU CLASS 3?

of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH

1

li

2

2i

3

3i

4

44

5

Gross

volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

11

2

4

5

7

8

9

12

3

5

— T

8

10

— nr

1

13

4

6

8

10

12

u

14

4

7

10

12

14

16

18

15

5

8

12

U

17

19

22

16

6

10

13

17

20

23

' 26

17

7

U

16

19

23

26

30

18

8

13

18

22

26

30

34

38

19

9

15

20

25

30

34

39

43

20

10

17

23

29

34

39

44

48

21

19

26

32

38

44

49

^4

22

21

29

36

43

49

55

61

66

72

SS^

32

40

47

54

61

68

74

80

24

36

44

52

60

68

75

82

88

25

39

49

58

66

75

83

90

98

26

43

54

64

73,

82

91

99

107

27

59

70

80

90

99

109

118

28

64

76

87

98

108

n9

128

29

70

83

95

107

ns

129

140

30

76

90

103

U6

128

140

151

31

82

97

112

125

139 1

-T^

164

32

1

105

120

1?5

150

163

177

33

9i

113

130

146

161

176

190

34

103

121

139

157

173

189

205

35

no

130

U9

168

185

203

220

36

118

139

160

180

i99

217

235

37

38

39

40

U

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Voltaas u utlllMd, to a Tarlable top diameter.

O.B.-PORM CLASS: Diametar outelde bark at top of flrat 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outalde bark at breaat height, the result being multiplied by 100,
ELook indloatee extent of basic data for O.B.-Form Clasaee.

Table above la for the average O.B.-Fora Cleas qf the 52 ana.'fi.* trees used. Fae-
tora la table below are to be used to get volmes for other O.B.-Pom Claasea.

MTiT.TTPT.Tms FOR OTH^ O.B.-FOBM CLASSES

Factors by which to omltlply volumes in the above average table to obtain

volumes

for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Fom Class

0

1

2

(Obits)

3 4 5 6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

6

7

.58

.60

.62

Factors

.64 .66 .68 .70

.73

.75

.77

8

.80

.82

.85

.88 .91 .94 .97

1.00

1.03

1.07

9

1.10

l.U

1.18

1.21 1.25 1.29 1.33

1.38

1.42

1.47

Example: Volvme of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Fom Claae 92 • 17 x 1.18 ■ 20.

Basic data: 52 trees from Plsgah and Nantahala National Forests and Tucker County,
W. Virginia,

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. - 2.404893 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.753712 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .013933 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.024582,

Average deviation of individual tree volumes fhom values estimated by the equation:
-6.7 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.43 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EIPERIMENT STATION

J, H. BueU
December 1941

TABLE 39. -WHITE PINE AND HEWLCXJK
O.B.-FOSM CLASS VOLUME TABI£
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RUI£
O.B.-FCBM CLASS 83

DBH i 1 li
In.

2

. - -Number of 16,3-foot logs

3 if 4 5

Groae volume in board feet (Tens)

5h

6 6i 7

10

2

3

4

5

11

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

5

6

8

9

10

13

4

6

8

9

11

12

13

14

4

7

9

11

13

14

16

17

15

5

8

11

13

15

17

18

20

22

16

6

9

12

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

17

7

11

14

17

20

22

25

27

29

31

18

8

12

16

19

22

25

28

30

33

35

19

9

14

18

22

25

29

32

35

37

40

20

10

16

20

25

28

32

35

39

42

45

21

11

17

23

27

32

36

40

43

47

50

53

22

12

19

25

31

35

40

44

48

52

56

59

23

U

21

28

34

39

44

49

53

58

62

66

24

15

24

31

37

43

49

54

59

63

68

72

77

25

26

34

41

47

53

59

64

70

74

79

84

26

28

37

45

52

58

64

70

76

81

87

92

97

27

31

40

49

56

64

70

77

83

89

94

100

105

28

34

44

53

61

69

76

83

90

96

103

109

n5

120

29

36

47

57

66

75

83

90

97

104

in

ns

124

130

30

39

51

62

72

31

89

97

105

113

120

127

134

141

31

42

55

67

77

87

96

105

n3

121

129

137

144

151

32

46

59

72

83

93

103

n3

122

131

139

U7

155

163

33

49

64

77

89

100

in

121

131

140

U9

158

166

175

34

68

32

95

107

n9

129

140

150

160

169

178

187

35

73

88

102

U5

127

138

U9

160

170

180

190

200

36

77

94

108

122

135

U7

159

171

182

192

202

213

37

82

100

U5

130

144

157

169

182

193

205

216

226

38

106

122

138

153

167

180

193

205

217

229

240

39

112

130

U7

162

177

191

205

218

231

243

255

40

119

138

155

171

187

Z32

217

231

244

258

270

U

126

146

164

182

198

2U

229

244

238

272

286

42

133

154

173

191

209

226

242

253

273

287

302

43

44

45

46

47
4f

Volume ae utilised, to a varlabls top dlaawtwr,

O.B.-FCRM CLASS; Diameter outside berk at top of first 16.3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 322 sample trees used. Fae-
tors in table below are to be used to get -Tolnmes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOE OTH^ O.B.-FORM CLASSY

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Ifaite)

O.B.-Form Class 0123456789
(Tens) Factors

5

6

7

.72

.73

.75

.77

.79

.81

.84

.86

.88

.90

8

.92

.95

.98

1,00

1.03

1,05

1,08

i.n

1.14

1.17

9

1.20

1.23

1,26

1.29

1.32

1.36

1.40

1.43

1.47

1.51

Example : Voliune

of 16", 2-log tree of

O.B.-Form Class 92

- 15

X 1.26

= 19.

Basic data; 322 trees from Cherokee, Piegah, and Nan-tahada National Forests, and
Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation;

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.272700 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.654938 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + ,011158 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2,482938.
Average de-viation of indi-vidual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;

White pine i6.5 percent; Hemlock *7.1 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values - White pine 0.83 percent lor;

Hemlock 1.07 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 4O.-L0BLCLLy PINE AND lELLOT/POPLAR
O.B.-FCRU CUSS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNER DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 3?

■Number of l6. 3-foot logs-

DBB

h

1

li-

2

24

3

3i

4

4i

5

6

In,

Gross volume in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

5

6

7

7

11

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

3

5

6

7

9

10

11

12

13

13

4

6

8

9

11

12

13

U

16

17

14'

4

7

9

11

13

14

16

17

19

20

22

15

5

8

11

13

15

17

19

21

22

24

26

27

16

6

iO

13

15

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

17

7

11

15

18

21

24

26

29

31

33

35

37

18

13

17

21

24

27

30

33

36

38

41

43

19

15

20

24

28

31

35

38

a

44

47

49

20

17

22

27

31

35

39

43

46

50

53

56

21

19

25

31

36

40

44

49

53

56

60

64

22

22

29

35

40

45

50

55

59

63

68

72

23

32

39

45

51

56

61

66

71

76

80

24

35

43

50

56

62

68

74

79

84

89

25

39

48

55

62

69

76

82

88

93

99

26

43

53

61

69

76

83

90

97

103

109

27

48

58

67

76

84

92

99

106

n3

120

23

52

64

74

83

92

100

109

n7

124

132

29

57

69

80

91

100

no

n9

127

136

144

30

62

76

88

99

no

120

129

139

148

157

31

68

82

95

107

n9

130

141

151

161

170

32

89

103

116

129

141

152

163

174

184

33

96

111

126

139

152

164

177

183

199

34

104

120

136

150

164

177

190

203

215

35

111

129

146

162

177

191

205

218

231

36

120

139

157

174

190

205

220

234

248

37

128

149

168

186

203

220

236

251

266

38

137

159

180

199

217

235

252

268

284

39

170

192

212

232-

251

269

287

304

40

181

205

226

248

268

287

306

324

41

193

218

241

264

234

306

325

344

42

205

231

256

280

303

324

346

366

43

246

272

297

321

344

367

389

44

260

288

315

340

366

389

a2

45

275

305

333

361

386

■vn

436

46

291

322

352

381

408

536

461

47

340

372

402

432

459

486

48

359

392

424

455

484

513

Volume

&a

utiliz

ed, to

a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM

CLASS:

Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided

diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 712 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to gat volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHHl O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by wiiich to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0 1

•2 3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.54

.55

.57

.59

7

.61 .62

.64 .66

.68 .70

.72

.74

.77

.79

8

.81 .84

.86 .89

.92 .94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

9

1.09 1.12

1.16 1.19

1.23' 1.27

1.30

1.34

1.38

1.43

Example: Volume of 16

i", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92

= 15

X 1.16

= 17.

Basic data; 712 trees - Yellowpoplar from: Geo. V/ashington, Cherokee, Pisgah and
Nantahala National Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Tucker County, W. Va.; Bland
County, Virginia; and Chathaju County, North Carolina. Loblolly pine from;
Piedmont and northern coastal plain counties of South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.524953 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.663803 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .012322 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.971420.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Loblolly pine -7.1 percent; Yellovfpoplar -7.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values - Loblolly pine 0.09 percent nigh;
Yellowpoplar 3.28 percent liigh.

APPAUCHIAU FDREST EXPgtllua.T STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLS 41.-SH0RTLEAF PIFii AND VIRGINIA PIIE
O.B.-FORii CLASS VOLULE TABLE
BOARD FEiJT SCRIBNKR DECIiiAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 87

■Number of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH

1

m

1

2

2S

3

3i

4

42

5

51-

In.

Gross

volume

in board feet (Tens)

10

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

3

5

6

7

9

10

n

' 12

13

lU

15

12

3

6

8

9

n

12

14

15

16

18

19

13

4

7

9

11

13

15

17

18

20

22

23

U

5

8

11

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

15

6

10

13

16

19

22

24

27

29

31

33

16

7

12

16

19

22

26

29

31

34

37

39

17

8

14

18

22

26

30

33

36

40

43

46

18

10

16

21

26

30

34

38

42

46

49

53

19

11

18

24

30

35

40

44

48

53

57

61

20

13

21

28

34

40

45

50

55

60

64

69

21

24

31

38

45

51

57

62

68

73

78

22

26

35

43

50

57

64

70

76

82

88

23

39

48

56

64

71

78

85

92

98

24

44

54

63

71

80

87

95

102

109

25

49

59

70

79

88

97

105

n3

121

26

66

77

88

98

107

n6

125

134

27

72

85

96

107

118

128

138

147

28

79

93

105

n8

129

140

151

161

29

87

101

n5

128

141

153

165

177

30

94

no

126

140

154

167

180

192

31

103

120

136

152

167

182

195

209

32

in

130

148

165

181

197

212

226

33

120

141

160

178

195

212

229

245

34

130

152

173

192

2n

229

247

264

35

140

163

185

207

227

247

266

284

36

150

175

199

222

244

265

285

305

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORte CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 503 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class
(Tens)

C

0

1

2

3

4 5

Factors

6

7

8

9

5

6

7

.63

.65

.67

.69

.70

.72

.74

.76

.79

.81

8

.83

.85

,88

.90

.92

.95

.97

1.00

1.03

1.05

9

1.08

i.n

1.14

1.18

1.21 1.24

1.27

1.31

1.34

1.38

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 19 x 1.14 = 12.

Basic data: 503 trees from Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests; and north-
eastern South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.531456 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.703142 (logarithm merch, ht. ft.) .011675 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2,843982.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;

Shortleaf pine i6.5 percent; Virginia pine ^6.5 percent.

Aggregate difference: estintated vsilues - Shortleaf pine 2.18 percent high;

Virginia pine 3.48 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST SXPERIMEl'IT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE i»2. -SUGAR UAPLE, KO) UAFLE, AND SWEET BIRCH
O.B.-FORU CLASS VOLUUE TABLE
BOARD FSei SCRIBNER DBCIUAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FCRli CLASS 84

-Number of 16. 3-foot loge-

DBH

i

1

li

2

22

3

3i

4

4i

5

5i

In.

Gross volume

in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

6

11

2

4

5

6

7

8

12

3

5

6

8

9

10

12

13

14

15

16

13

3

6

8

9

U

13

14

15

17

18

19

U

4

7

9

11

13

15

17

18

20

22

23

15

5

8

11

13

15

18

20

22

24

25

27

16

6

9

12

15

18

21

23

25

27

30

32

17

7

U

14

18

21

24

26

29

32

34

36

18

8

12

16

20

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

19

9

U

19

23

27

31

34

38

a

44

47

20

10

16

21

26

30

35

39

43

46

50

53

21

11

18

24

29

34

39

43

48

52

56

60

22

12

20

26

33

38

43

49

53

58

63

67

23

13

22

29

36

42

48

54

59

64

70

74

24

15

24

33

40

47

53

60

65

71

77

82

25

27

36

44

52

59

65

72

78

85

90

26

29

39

48

56

64

72

79

86

93

99

27

32

43

53

62

70

79

86

94

101

109

28

35

47

57

67

77

86

94

102

110

118

29

38

51

62

73

83

93

102

111

120

128

30

U

55

67

79

90

101

111

120

130

139

31

44

59

73

86

98

109

120

130

140

150

32

48

64

79

92

105

117

129

140

151

162

33

51

69

84

99

U3

126

139

151

163

174

34

55

74

91

106

121

135

149

162

175

187

35

59

79

97

114

130

U5

159

173

187

200

36

63

84

104

122

139

154

170

185

200

214

37

67

90

in

130

148

165

182

197

213

228

38

72

96

118

138

157

176

193

210

226

243

39

76

102

125

147

168

187

206

223

2U

258

40

81

108

133

156

177

198

218

237

256

274

41

86

115

141

165

188

210

231

251

271

290

42

91

121

149

175

199

222

244

266

287

307

43

96

128

157

185

210

235

259

281

303

325

44

195

222

248

273

297

321

343

45

206

234

262

288

313

337

361

46

217

247

275

303

330

356

381

47

228

259

290

319

347

374

400

48

239

273

305

335

365

393

421

Volume

as

utilized, to

a variable

top diameter.

0;B.-F0RM

CLASS;

Diameter outside bark

at top of first 16. 3-foot log

6i

iUmetor outside bark at breast height, the resitlt being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 247 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table belom are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIES FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

,-Form Claes

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.61

.62

.64

.65

.67

.68

.70

.71

7

.73

.75

.76

.78

.80

.82

.84

.86

.87

.89

8

.91

.94

.96

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07

1.09

1.12

9

1.14

1.17

1.20

1.22

1.25

1.28

1.31

1.34

1.37

1.40

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 15 x 1.20 - 18.

Basic data: 247 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Tucker County,

W. Va.; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed fTca the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. - 2.355638 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.714891 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .009757 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.551868.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Sugar maple ^8.7 percent; Red maple ^8.3 percent; Sweet birch ^.5 percent.
Aggregate difference: estimated values - Sugar maple 6.17 percent high;

Red maple 4.11 percent low; Sweet birch 1.56 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPEIMEKT STATION

J. H. Buell
Deceoiber 1941

TABLE 43. -WHITE OAK, CHESTNUT OAK, EASTERN RE) OAK, BLACK OAK, AND SCARLET OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLIME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNIE DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 85

DBH

In.

i

1

2

2^

Gross

3

volume

3k U Uk 5

in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

U

2

4

5

6

7

9

10

12

3

5

6

8

9

10

12

13

13

3

6

8

9

11

13

14

16

U

4

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

20

15

5

8

11

13

16

18

20

22

24

16

6

9

13

16

18

21

23

26

28

30

17

7

11

15

18

21

24

27

30

32

35

18

8

12

17

21

24

28

31

34

37

40

19

9

14

19

23

27

31

35

39

42

45

20

10

16

21

26

31

35

40

44

48

51

21

11

18

24

30

35

40

44

49

53

58

22

12

20

27

33

39

44

50

55

60

64

23

13

22

30

37

43

49

55

61

66

72

24

15

25

33

41

48

55

61

67

73

79

25

16

27

36

45

53

60

67

74

81

87

26

18

30

40

49

58

66

74

82

89

96

27

20

33

44

54

64

72

81

89

97

105

28

22

36

48

59

69

79

88

97

106

115

29

39

52

64

75

86

96

106

U5

124

30

42

56

70

82

93

104

U5

125

135

31

46

61

75

88

101

113

124

135

U6

32

49

66

81

95

109

121

134

146

157

33

53

71

87

103

117

131

144

157

169

34

57

76

94

UO

126

141

155

169

182

35

61

81

100

118

135

151

166

181

195

36

65

87

107

126

lU

161

177

193

208

37

69

93

115

135

154

172

139

206

222

38

99

122

144

164

183

202

220

237

39

105

130

153

174

195

215

234

252

40

112

13s

162

185

207

228

248

268

41

146

172

196

219

242

263

284

42

155

182

208

232

256

279

301

43

164

193

220

246

271

295

313

44

173

204

232

259

286

312

336

45

183

215

245

274

302

329

355

46

192

226

258

288

318

347

374

47

203

238

272

304

335

365

394

48

213

250

236

319

352

384

414

Volume

as

utilized, to

a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS:

Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot

5i

64

diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 1802 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM GLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

.44

.45

.46

.48

.49

.50

.51

.52

.53

.55

6

• 56

.57

.59

.60

.61

.63

.64

.66

.67

.69

7

.70

.72

.74

.76

.7?

.79

.81

.83

.85

.87

8

.89

.91

.93

.96

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07

1.10

9

1.12

1.15

1.13

1.20

1.23

1.26

1.29

1.32

1.35

1.39

Examples Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 16 x 1.18 = 19.

Basic data: 1802 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Hantahala and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Garrett County, Mid.; Hardy and Tucker Counties,

V/. Va.; Bland County, Virginia; and Chatham County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.-38398? (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.724431 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .01010? (0. B.-Forra Class) - 2.634971.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
White oak i8.2 percent; Chestnut oak i?.l percent; Eastern red oak -7,3 percent;
Black oak -5.6 percent; Scarlet oaic ^6.3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values - VGiite oak 4.25 percent low; Chestnut

oak 4.0? percent high; Eastern red oak 2.66 percent high; Black oak 0.56 percent
high; Scarlet oak 3.69 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST E2CPERBSNT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABLE 44. -WHITE ASH AND BASSWOOD
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET SCRIBNHl DECIMAL C LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 87

-Number of 16. 3-foot loge-

DBH

i

1

1

h->

1

2

3

3i ’

4

5

5i

Ine

Gross

volume

in board feet (Tens)

10

2

3

4

5

6

7

U

2

4

5

7

8

9

12

3

5

7

8

10

11

12

n

13

4

6

8

10

12

13

15

17

U

4

7

10

12

U

16

18

20

22

24

15

5

9

12

14

17

19

22

24

26

28

16

6

10

14

17

20

23

25

28

30

33

17

7

12

16

20

23

26

29

32

35

38

18

8

U

18

22

26

30

34

37

41

44

47

19

9

15

21

26

30

35

39

43

46

50

54

20

11

18

24

29

34

39

44

48

53

57

61

21

20

27

33

39

44

49

55

59

64

69

22

22

30

37

43

50

55

61

67

72

77

23

25

33

41

48

55

62

66

74

80

86

24

28

37

46

54

62

69

76

83

89

96

25

30

41

51

60

68

76

84

91

99

106

26

34

45

56

66

75

84

92

101

109

n7

27

37

50

61

72

82

92

102

in

120

128

28

40

54

67

79

90

101

in

121

131

140

29

59

73

86

98

no

121

132

U3

153

30

64

79

94

107

120

132

144

155

16>6

31

70

86

101

U6

130

U3

156

168

181

32

76

93

110

125

no

154

168

182

195

33

81

101

118

135

151

167

182

196

2n

34

108

127

1A6

163

180

196

2n

227

35

U6

137

156

175

193

210

227

244

36

125

147

168

188

207

225

243

261

37

134

157

180

201

221

2a

261

280

38

U3

168

192

215

237

258

279

298

39

6i 7

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 192 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLUHS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0 1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.54

.55

.57

.59

7

.61 .62

.64

.66

.68 .70

.72

.74

.77

.79

8

.81 .84

.86

.89

.91 .94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

9

1.09 1.12

1.16

1.19

1.23 1.27

1.31

1.34

1.38

1.43

Example: Volume of

16", 2-log tree of

O.B.-Form Class 92

«= 17

X 1.16

= 20.

Basic data: 192 trees from Plsgah and Nantahala National Forests and Tucker County,
y/est Virginia.

Table constmicted from the equation:

Logarithm Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.473605 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.729833 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .012842 (O.B.-Form Class) - 2.975240.

Average deviation of indi-vridual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Vftiite ash ^6.8 percent; Basswood ^8,3 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values - White ash 1.57 percent high;

Basswood 1.64 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPHUMEHT STATION

J. H. BueU
December 1941

TABIS 45 .-EASTERN WHIS PIKE
O.B.-FORU CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARS FEET COUK-SCRIBNEH LOG RGXE
O.B,-P(fflM CLASS S2

DBH

h

1

1

1 H

2

2i 3

OX 16»3“foot logs-

3i k 4

5

4

6

4

7

In.

Gross volume in board feet

10 1

12

19

25

30

n

1^

25

32

38

44

12

20

31

40

48

62

13

25

39

50

60

69

77

85

14

31

61

73

85

95

104

104

15

37

571

74

89

102

114

126

137

147

16

44

68

88

106

121

136

150

175

188

17

52

81 [

104

124

143

160

177

192

207

221

18

61

94

121

146

167

ISS

206

224

242

258

19

71

109

lU

168

194

217

239

260

280

299

20

SI

125

162

194

223

250

275

298

321

21

93

143!

134

221

254

285

3U

341

367

393

417

22

105

163

209

251

283

324

356

387

a?

445

472

23

119

183

236

283

325

365

402

436

470

502

533

24

206 [

266

365

409

A51

490

527

564

598

632

25

230

296

355

407

457

504

547

589

630

668

706

26

256

330

454

509

561

610

656

702

745

785

826

27

366

438

504

564

621

-571“

726

776

824

371

914

28

404

483

555

622

686

745

802

857

910

959

1009

1057

29

444

531

6ll

684

753

820

883

-152-

1000

1057

1112

1164

30

582

670

750

826

897

96s

1033

1096

1159

1219

1276

31

637

731

820

904

982 (10571 1130

1199

1265

1330

1393

32

693

798

893

984

1069

1153

1230

1306

1380’

U52

L521

33

867

973

1072

1164

1253

T35S^

1419

1500

1578

1652

34

940

1054

1161

1262

1358

U52

1542

1626

1710

1791

35

1140

1256

1365

1469

1570

1667

1762

1849

1941

36

1230

1355

1472

1585

1694

1799

1901

1995 1 2094 1

37

1459

1589

1710

1828

1936

2046

2153

2254

38

1570

1706

1837

1963

2084

2198

2312

2427

39

2109

2239

2360

2433

2600

40

2259

2393

2529

2661

2786

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Tolome as utilized, to a mri&bXe top dissistep.

O.B.-PORM CLASS! Diameter outside bsrk at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result boiog multiplied by 100»
Block indicates extent of basic da-ta for all O.B.-Foxxl Glasses.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Forai Class of the 210 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to got -volmes for other 0»B«-Form Classes.

MUlTIPLIiSiS FOE OTHEK O.B.-FOEM CLASSES

Factors by idiieh to multiply volumes in the abo-ve average -table to ob-bain
Tolasea for o-ther O.B.-Forai Classes

,-Form Glass

0

1

3

(ifeits)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

.68

,70

.72

,75

.77

,80

.82

.85

.88

.91

8

.94

,9?

1.00

1.03

1,0?

1.10

1.14

1.18

1.21

1.25

9

1.29

1.34

1,33

1.43

1.47

Esample: Volume of 16“, 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 106 x 1.38 = 146 bd. ft.
Basic data! 210 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equations

Logarithm Doyle.^cribnsr bd. ft. vol. = 2.-714961 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) +
.626238 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + ,014060 (O.B.-Fcm Class) - 3.345989.

Average de-viation of indi-vidual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
±7.4 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated -values 0.17 percent high.

J. H. Buell

APPALACHIAN FOREST SSPSSIMENT STATION

TABLE 46. -LOBLOLLY PINE
O.B.-FORU CIJISS VOLUIE TABLE
BOARD FEET DOYLB-SCRIBNER LOG RULE
O.B.-FORk CLASS 86

DBH

In.

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20
21
22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

- -Number of I6. 3-foot logs-
2i 3 3i 4 4i
Gross volume in board feet

6J

1718

1897

2098

1892

2089

2301

2056 2218
2270 2443
2500 2692

2366 2512
2612 2773

2877 3055

2655

2931

3228

7

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORtl CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 378 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes I’or other O.B.-Form Classes.*

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

6

7

.53

.55

.58

.60

Factors

.62 .65

.67

.70

.73

.76

8

.79

.82

.85

.89

.92 .96

1.00

1.04

1.08

1.13

9

1.17

1.22

1.27

1.32

1.37 1.43

1.49

1.54

1.61

1.67

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 101 x 1.27 = 128 bd. ft.
Basic data: 378 trees from Piedmont and northern coastal plain counties of South
Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 3.415548 (logstfithm d.b.h. inches) +
.627998 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .017182 (O.B.-Form Class) - 4.534534.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
-8.8 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 2.74 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 47.-V1RGIHIA PINE
O.B.-FOHM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOHS-SCRIBNEa LOG RULE
O.B.-FOEM CLASS 84

— Nxunber of l6, 3-foot logs — - —

DBH i 1 2 2^ 3 4 4i 5 6 6^ 7

Tn, Gross volume in board feet

10

13

20

26

32

36

41

45

49

u

18

27

35

43

49

55 L

61

66

71

76

81

12

23

36

47

56

65

73

80

8*7

94

101

107

13

30

47

60

72

83

94

103

112

121

130

138

14

38

59

76

91

105

118

131

142

153

164

174

15

47

73

95

114

131

147

163

177

190

204

217

16

58

90

116

140

161

181

199

217

234

250

266

17

70

109

141

169

195

219

241

262

283

303

322

18

84

130

169

202

233

262

289

315

340

363

386

19

100

154

200

240

277

311 [■

~1W

373

403

430

458

20

117

182

236

282

326

366

404

440

473

506

538

21

212

275

330

380

427

471

513

552

590

628

22

246

318

382

441

494

546

594

640

684

728

23

366

440

507

569 1

628

684

736

787

838

24

504

579

652

718

732

843

902

957

25

817

889

959

1026

1089

26

1007

1086

1161

1233

27

28
29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volijpae as utilized, to a variable top diameter,

0,B.-F0RM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 179 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volimies for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIHiS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSY

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

6

7

.63

.65

,67

.69

Factors

.72 .74

.77

.79

.82

.85

8

.88

.91

,94

.97

1.00 1.03

1.07

1,10

1.14

1.18

9

1.22

1,26

1.31

1.35

1,39 1.44

1.49

1.54

1.59

1.65

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 140 x 1,31 = 183 bd, ft.
Basic data; 179 trees from Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests,

Table constructed frcsa the equations

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd, ft. vol. = 3.163017 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) +
.636443 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + ,014446 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.840515*

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
■^.4 percent.

Aggregate differences estimated values 0.17 percent high,

APPALACHIAiJ FOxREST EJffEllIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE L8.-3H0RTLEAF PINE
O.B.-FOR.M CLASS VOLUUE TABLE
BOARD FEET DOrLE-SCRIBMHl LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 89

- - — -Number of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH 2 11^ 2 2$ 3 3k 4 4 5 5s 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in board feet

10

14

21

27

32

37

42

46

11

18

29

37

44

51

57

63

69

12

25

38

49

59

68

76

84

91

13

32

49

64

77

88

99

109

U9

U

U

63

81

98

112

126

139

151

163

15

51

79

102

122

141

158

174

190

204

16

63

98

126

151

174

195

215

234

252

270

286

17

77

n9L

154

184

212

238

262

286

308

329

349

18

93

IM

186

223

256

288

317

344

372

397

422

19

in

172

222

266

306

344

378

4n

444

474

504

20

203 [

262

315

362

406

448

486

525

560

596

21

238

308

369

425

476

525

572

615

658

698

22

278

359

430

494

555

6n

665

716

766

813

23

a5

498

573

643

708

769

830

887

9^

24

478

572

658

738

813

885

953

1019

1081

25

546

653

752

843

931

1012

1089

n64

1236

26

743

855

959

1059

n5i

1239

1324

1406

27

841

9.58

1086

n97

1303

U03

1500

1592

28

948

1091

1225

1349

U69

1581

1690

1795

29

1064

1225

1374

1514

1648

1774

1897

2014

30

n89

1368

1535

1690

1841

1982

2118

2249

31

1324

1524

1710

.1884

2051

2208

2360

2506

32

1469

1690

1897

2089

2275

2449

2618

2780

33

1626

1871

2099

2312

2518

2710

2897

3076

34

1795

2065

2312

2553

2773

2992

3192

3388

35

1972

2270

2547

2805

3048

3289

3516

3733

36

2163

2489

2793

3076

3342

3606

3855

4093

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 324 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

.-Form Class

0 12

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

.59 .61

.63

.66

.68

.70

8

.73 .76 .78

.81

.84 .87

.90

.93

.97

1.00

9

1.04 1.07 i.n

1.15

1.19 1.23

1.28

1.32

1.37

1.42

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 151 x 1.11 = 168 bd. ft.
Basic data: 324 trees from Cherokee and Nantahala National Forests; and northeastern
South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 3.279536 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.630310 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .015242 (O.B.-Form Class) - 4.079383.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;
^.7 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 1.20 percent high.

APPAUCHIAN FOREST EXPHtlMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABIS 49.~ZAS'ratN HmOCK
0,B.-F0HM CL^ VOLUME TABUS
BOAiro FEET DOHE-SCEIBNER LOG RULE

O.Bo-FORM CLASS 85

-Hujaber of 16,3-foot logs

SBH i 1 1-J 2 2^ 3 3^ 4 4i 5 5i 6 6| 7

In. Gross volaiae in board feet

10

14

20

26

31

u

18

27

34

40

46

12

23

34

43

51

53

65

13

26

42

54

64

731 81

U

35

52

66

78

89

100

109

15

42

63

80

95

108

120

132

16

50

76

96

114

129

144

158

171

17

59

89

114

134

154

m

187

202

217

18

70

105

133

158

180

200

219

237

254

270

19

81

122

154

183

209

233

255

275

296

315

20

93

140

178

211

241

268

294

318

340

362

21

107

161

204

242

276

307

336

364

390

a5

22

122

183

232

275

314

350

383

414

444

472

500

23

137

207

263

311

356

395

434

469

502

535

566

24

155

233

296

351

400

4^6

488

527

566

m

637

25

261

331

393

448

499

546.

592

634“

^74"

713

26

291

370

438

500

556

610

659

706

752

796

27

324

410

486

555

618

678

733

785

836

883

28

358

454

538

614

684

748

311

869

925

977

1030

29

394

501

593

678

753

826

891

957

1019

1079

1135

30

434

550

652

743

828

908

932.

1052

m9

U83

1247

31

474

603

7U

815

908

993

1076

n53

1227

1297

1365

32

519

658

780

889

991

1034

1175

1259

1340

1416

1493

1563

33

565

718

849

968

1079

1183

1279

1371

14?9

1542

1626

1702 1

34

6U

780

923

1054

1172

1285

1390

1489

1585

IW

1766

1849

35

845

1000

1143

1271

1393

1507

1614

1718

1820

1914

2004

36

914

1081

1236

1374

1507

1629

:sK.

1858

1968

2070

2168

37

986

1167

1334

1433

1626

1758

1884

2004

2123

2234

2339

38

1259

1435

1600

1750

1892

2032

2163

2286

2404

2523

39

1352

1542

1718

1884

2037

2183

2323

2455

2588

2710

40

1452

1656

1345

2018

2183

2344

2495

2636

2773

2911

41

1552

1774

1972

2163

2339

2506

2667

2825

2972

3112

42

1660

1897

2109

2312

2495

2679

2851

3020

3177

3327

43

44

45

46

47

48

VoliuBS as utilised, to & ^ariaslo top diaaieter.

C,B.-POEM CLASS* Diaiaetsr outside b^k at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diaaieter outside barfc at breast heiglit, the result being multiplied by 100,
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Forsa Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 112 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other 0,B.-Form Classes.

MOITIPIIEIS FOR OTHER O.B,-FORM CXAS^

Factors by wliich to aiuLtiply volumes in the above average table to obtai*

,-Fona Class

volisBss for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

0123456

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

,72

.75

,77

.79

.81

.84

8

.86

.89

,91 ,94

.97

1,00

1.03

1.06

1.09

1.12

9

1.16

1.19

1.22 1,26

1.30

1,34

1,38

1.42

1,46

1.50

Example; Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Fom Class 92 114 x 1,22 « 139 bd, ft.

Basic data; 112 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Hantahala Maticuad Forests; and
Bland County, Virginia,

Table constructed frcm the equation;

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol, = 2.780205 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) -t-
.589916 (logarithm mereh. ht, ft.) -(• .012702 (O.B.-Fom Class) - 3.264825.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
^.8 percent.

Aggregate differences estimated values 0,36 percent high. '

APPALACHIAH FORE-ST SKP^DiSMT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 50. -SWEET BIRCH
O.B.-FOKi CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOHE-SCRIBNER LOG RULE
O.B.-FOHU CLASS 84

of 16.3-foot J

DBH

k

1

2

3

4

In.

Gross volume

in board

10

10

17

23

28

11

14

22

30

37

12

18

29

39

48

13

22

37

49

61

71

14

27

46

61

75

88

15

34

56

75

92

108

16

a

67

90

111

131

149

17

49

80

108

132

156

178

18

57

95

127

157

184

210

235

259

19

67

111

149

184

216

r“24r

275

303

20

78

129

173

213

251

286

320

352

21

90

U9

200

246

289

330

369

406

22

103

171

229

282

331

378

423

466

23

118

194

261

321

377

430

481

530

24

133

220

295

363

428

488

5U

600

25

248

332

409

481

550

614

676

26

278

372

459

540

617

689

759

27

310 1

416

513

603

689

769

847

28

345

462

570

670

766

855

942

29

382

“^13]

632

743

847

948

1045

30

422

566

698

820

935

1047

1153

31

464

624

767

904

1030

1153

1271

32

509

684

841

991

1130

1265

1393

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORii CliASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 54 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table beloif are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.59

.60

.62

.63

.65

.66

.68

.70

7

.71

.73

.75

.76

.78

.80

.82

.84

.86

.88

8

.91

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05

1.07

1.10

1.13

9

1.15

1.18

1.21

1.24

1.27

1.30

1.33

1.37

1.40

1.44

Example; Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 ■= 111 x 1.21 » 134 bd. ft.
Basic data: 54 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests and Bland County, Va.
Table constructed from the eqimtion:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. ■» 2.922970 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.725017 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .OIO465 (O.B.-Fom Class) - 3.450154.

Average deviation of indi-vidual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^7.9 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values 0.02 percent high.

APPAUCHlAi'I FOREST SffaUlENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 51. -EASTERN BJED OAK
O.B.-FORL' CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOILS-SCRIBNER LOG RULE
O.B.-FQRM CLASS 35

Number of l6.3-foot logs

DBH i 1 Iz 2 2^ 3 U Ui 5 5i 6 6^ 7

In. Grose volume in board feet

10

u

18

24

29

33

38

u

15

24

31

38

44

50

12

19

30

40

48

64

13

24

38

50

61

71

1 80

89

^ ,

2?

47

62

75

87

99

no

IS 1

36

57

75

91

106

120

134

146

16

43

69

91

no

128

145

161

176

17

51

82

108

131

152

172

191

209

18

60

96

127

154

180

203

225

247

267

19

70

113

14s

180

209

237

263

288

312

20

32

130

172

208

243

274

305

333

361

21

150

197

240

279

316

351

384

U5

446

22

171

225

274

319

361

401

438

474

509

23

194

256

3n

362

409

455

498

540

579

24

220

290

352

409

462

5U

562

610

655

25

247

325

395

460

520

578

632

684

734

26

277

364

443

5U

532

646

708

766

822

27

3O8

406

493

573

649

721

789

853

916

28

342

451

547

637

719

800

875

946

1019

29

378

498

605

703

796

883

968

1047

1125

30

417

548

667

774

877

973

1067

n53

1239

31

458

603

733

851

964

1069

n72

1268

1361

32

501

659

802

1054

n72

1282

1387

1489

33

548

721

875

1019

n53

1279

1400

1517

1629

34

597

785

955

no9

1259

1393

1528

1652

1774

35

649

853

1038

1205

ijsr

1514

1660

1795

192s

36

703

925

1125

1306

1479

1641

1799

1945

2089

37

1000

1216

1413

1600

1774

1945

2104

2259

38

1081

1312

1528

1726

1919

2099

2270

2443

39

1164

U13

1644

1862

2065

2259

2449

2630

40

1250

1521

1770

2000

2223

2432

2624

2825

41

1633

1897

2148

2382

2606

2825

3034

42

1746

2032

2301

2553

2793

3027

3251

43

1871

2178

2460

2729

2992

3236

3475

44

2000

2323

2630

2917

3192

3459

3715

45

2477

2805

3112

3404

3690

3963

46

2270

2642

2985

33n

3631

3926

4217

fl

2410

2805

3177

3524

3855

4173

4437

58

2564

2979

3381

3743.

4093 t

4436

4764

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLAS& Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,
Block indicates extent of basic data for aJ-l O.B.-Form Classes,

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 280 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MULTIPLIEES FOR OTIiER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by vriiioh to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

.-For.T!! Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.57

.59

.61

.62

7

.64

.66

.68

.70

.72

.74

.77

.79

.81

.34

8

.86

.89

.92

.94

.97

1.00

1,03

1.06

1.09

1.12

9

1.16

1.19

1.23

1,27

1.31

1.34

1.38

1.43

1.47

1,51

Example! Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 110 x 1,23 = 135 bd. ft.
Basic data: 280 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, and Nantahala National Forestsj Jackson
County, Ohio; Garrett County, Md.; Tucker County, W. Va.; and Bland County, Va.
Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.865214 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.677057 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .012339 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.524248.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from iialues estimated by the equation:
-9o7 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 1.93 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST SKPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 52. -SCARLET OAK
O.B.-FX)RM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOXLE-SCRIBNER LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

— -Number of l6, 3-foot logs-

DBH i 1 2 2^ 3 U kh 5 6 6^ 7

Tn , Gross volume in board feet

10

12

20

26

32

38

43

11

16

26

35

42

50

57

63

12 1

20

33

45

55

64

73

81

89

13

42

56

69

81

92

103

113

U

32

52

70

86

100

114

127

140

152

15

39

64

85

104

122

139

155

171

186

16

47

77

103

126

148

168

188

206

224

242

17

56

92

122

150

176

200

223

246

267

288

18

66

108

144

177

208

237

264

290

316

340

19

78

127

169

208

243

277

308

339

369

397

20

90

U7

196

240

282

321

358

394

428

461

21

104

169

226

277

325

370

412

453

493

531

22

119

194

259

317

372

/f23

472

“^19^

564

608

23

135

221

294

361

423

481

537

590

641

692

24

153

250

333

408

479

544

6O8

667

726

782

25

172

281

375

459

538

612

684

752

817

881

26

315

420

515

604

687

767

843

916

986

27

352

469

575

673

766

855

940

1023

U02

28

391

521

638

748

851

951

1045

1135

1225

29

432

577

708

828

942

1052

1156

1256

1355

30

476

637

780

914

1040

1161

1276

1387

U93

31

525

700

859

1005

1143

1276

1403

1528

1644

32

575

767

940

1102

1253

1400

1538

1671

1803

33

840

1028

1205

1371

1531

1683

1828

1972

34

914

1122

1315

U96

1667

1837

1995

2148

35

1219

1429

1626

1816

1995

2168

2339

36

1324

1552

1766

1968

2163

2355

2535

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FOEM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 213 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

IdULTIPLUHS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by irtiich to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.53

.55

.56

.58

7

.60

.62

.64

.66

.68

.70

.72

.74

.76

.79

8

.81

.84

.86

.89

.91

.94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

9

1.09

1.13

1.16

1.20

1.23

1.27

1.31

1.35

1.39

1.44

Example; Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 «= 126 x 1.16 = 146 bd. ft.
Basic data: 213 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala and Chattahoochee National
Forests j Bland County, Virginia and Chath^ County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.901047 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.709521 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .013049 (O.B.-Form Claes) - 3.601946.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
*6.9 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.24 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 53. -BUCK OAK
O.B.-FOHM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOILE-SCRIBNER LOO RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

Number of 16,3-foot logs- —

DBH I 1 2 3 3^ k kh 5 6 6^ 7

In, Gross volume in board feet

10

11

18

24

29

35

39

u

U

24

31

39

45

51

12

18

30

40

49

38

66

73

13

23

38

50

62

72

82

92

101

U

28

46

62

76

89

102

114

125

136

15

34

56

75

92

108

124

138

152

165

16

U

68

90

in

130

148

165

182

198

17

49

80

107

132

154

176

196

216

234

18

58

94

126

154

181

206

231

254

275

19

67

110

147

180

2n

'■AO

268

295

321

20

77

127

169

208

244

278

310

341

372

21

146

194

239

280

319

392

426

22

166

222

272

319

364

406

447

485

23

188

252

309

362

412

460

506

551

24

212

284

348

408

464

519

570

621

25

238

318

391

458

521

582

640

697

26

zST

356

436

512

583

652

716

778

27

296

396

570

649

724

796

867

28

328

438

538

631

719

802

883

959

29

362

^^84

594

697

794

885

975

1059

30

399

532

653

766

873

975

1072

n64

31

43s

585

718

sa

957

1069

U75

1279

32

479

640

783

920

1047

n69

1285

1400

33

522

697

855

1002

1143

1276

1403

1524

34

568

759

931

1091

1245

1387

1528

1660

35

617

824

1012

n86

1349

1507

1656

1803

36

667

891

1094

1282

U62

1629

1795

1950

37

721

964

n83

1387

1578

1762

1936

2109

38

1038

1274

1493

1702

1901

2089

2270

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS; Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all 0.3. -Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 150 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTffiE O.B.-FOHM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtadn
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.62

.64

7

.66

.68

.70

.72

.74

.76

.79

.81

.84

.86

8

.89

.91

.94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

1.09

1.13

1.16

9

1.20

1.24

1.27

1.31

1.35

1.39

1.44

1.48

1.52

1.57

Example: Volume of 16”, 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 111 x 1.2? = 141 bd. ft,
Basic data; 150 trees from Cherokee, Nantahala and Chattahoochee National Forests;

Jackson County, Ohio, and Bland County, Virginia,

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2,822522 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.712949 (logarithm mdrch. ht. ft.) + .013081 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.531305.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation;
-7.2 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 1.32 percent high.

APPAUCHIAN FOREST SXPMU/SMT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 54.-?(HITE OAK
O.B.-FORM CLASS VDLU12 TABLE
BOARD FEET DOYLE-SCRIBNHl LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

•Number of l6. 3-foot logs-

DBU

i

1

2

22

3

3i

4

4

5

In.

Gr

OSS volume in board feet

10

12

18

23

28

32

11

16

24

31

37

43

48

12

20

31

40

48

55

62

13

26

40

51

61

70

79

86

14

32

49

63

76

87

98

108

15

39

60

78

93

107

120

132

16

47

73

94

113

130

145

1&)

174

17

57

88

113

135

155

174

191

208

18

67

104

133

160

184

206

227

247 1

266

19

79

122

157

188

216

242

266

289

311

20

92

142

182

218

251

281

310

336

362

387

21

106

163

210

252

290

325

358

389

419

448

22

122

188

242

289

333

373

UO

447

481

513

23

139

214

275

330

379

426

469

509

548

586

24

157

243

313

374

430

482

531

578

622

664

25

274

353

423

485

544

600

652

702

750

26

308

396

474

546

611

673

733

78^

841

27

344

444

531

6U

684

753

818

881

942

28

383

494

592

679

762

840

912

982

1050

29

426

548

656

753

845

931

1012

1089

1164

30

470

605

724

834

933

1028

1117

1205

1285

31

518

667

800

918

1030

1135

1233

1327

1419

32

569

733

877

1009

1130

1245

1352

1459

1556

33

624

804

962

1104

1239

1365

1483

1596

1706

34

681

877

1050

1208

1352

1489

1622

1746

1862

35

741

955

n46

1315

U76

1626

1766

1901

2032

36

805

1040

1245

1429

1603

1766

1919

2065

2208

37

1127

1349

1552

1738

1914

2080

2239

2393

38

1219

-jwr

1679

1879

2070

2427

2588

39

1318

1578

18U

1 2032

2239

2432

2618

2799

40

1419

1698

1954

2188

2410

2624

2825

3013

U

1828

2104

2355

2594

2818

3034

3243

42

1963

2254

2529

2786

3027

3258

3483

43

2104

2421

2710

2985

3251

3499

3733

44

2254

2594

2904

3199

3475

37a

3999

45

2410

2767

3105

3420

3715

3999

4266

46

2570

2958

rjsm 3648

3963

4266

4560

47

2742

3U8

3532

3890

4227

4550

4853

48

2911

3350

3758

4130

4498

4842

5164

6 6^ 7

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for an O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 688 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIEES FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

,-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

(Tons)

Factors

5

.38

.39

.40

.41

.42

.43

.45

.46

.47

.49

6

.50

.52

.53

.55

.56

.58

.59

.61

.63

.65

7

.67

.69

.71

.73

.75

.77

.79

.82

.84

.86

8

.89

.92

.94

.97

1.00

1.03

1.06

1.09

1.12

1.15

9

1.19

1.22

1.26

1.30

1.33

1.37

1.41

1.46

1.50

1.54

Example: Volume of l6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 •= 113 x 1.26 ■ 142 bd. ft.
Basic data: 688 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Gaivett County, Md.; Hardy County, W. Va.;

Bland Coimty, Virginia and Chatham County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. « 2.960694 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.625508 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .012540 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.512881.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes frcm values estimated by the equation:
^9.4 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 2.32 percent high.

APPAUCHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 55. -CHESTNUT OAK
O.B.-FOHL CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOILB-SCRIBNSl LOG RULE
O.B,-FORi<: CLASS 86

Muniber of 16. 3-foot logs- _____

DBH I 1 Is 2 2| 3 3h 4 At 5 5t 6 6i 7

In. Gross yolume in board feet

10

11

18

23

11

15

23

30

37

42

47

12

19

30

39

47

54

61

13

24

38

49

59

69

77

14

30

47

61

74

85

96

15

37

58

75

90

104

117

129

16

45

70

90

109

126

la

156

17

53

83

108

130

150

169

186

18

63

98

128

154

177

200

220

19

74

115

U9

180

208

233

258

280

20

85

133

173

208

240

271

299

326

21

98

154

200

240

277

312

345

376

22

U3

176

229

275

318

357

394

“43(r

23

128

200

260

313

361

407

450

490

528

24

145

227

294

355

409

460

509

555

598

25

164

255

332

399

461

519

573

624

673

26

183

286

372

448

518

582

643

700

755

809

27

205

320

415

500

577

6^

718

782

843

904

28

228

356

461

556

6a

721

798

869

938

1005

29

394

512

615

711

800

883

962

1038

1112

30

434

565

679

783

833

975

1062

1146

1227

31

479

621

748

363

970

1072

1169

1262

1349

32

525

681

820

946

1064

1175

1282

1384

1479

33

574

745

897

1035

1164

1285

1403

15U

1618

34

627

813

980

1130

1271

1403

1531

1652

1766

35

681

885

1064

1230

1384

1528

1663

1795

1923

36

740

959

1156

1334

1500

1660

1807

1950

2084

37

1040

1253

1445

1626

1795

1954

2109

2259

38

1125

1352

1353’

1758

19a

2113

2280

2443

39

1213

1459

1687

1897

2094

2280

2460

2636

40

1306

1570

1816

2042

2254

2455

2649

2838

a

1403

1687

1950

2193

2421

2636

2844

3048

42

1503

1811

2089

2350

2594

2831

3055

3266

43

19a

2239

2518

2780

3034

3273

3499

44

2075

2393

2692

2979

3243

3499

37a

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block -ndicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 471 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get voltmes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

iiULTIPLIERS FOR OTffi® O.B.-FORM CLAS^

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8 9

(Tens)

5

.42

.43

.44

.45

Factors

.46 .47

.48

.50

.51

.52

6

.53

.54

.56

.57

.59

.60

.62

.64

.65

.66

7

.68

.70

.71

.73

.75

.76

.78

.80

.82

.84

8

.86

.88

.91

.93

.95

.98

1.00

1.02

1.05 1.07

9

1.10

1.13

1.15

1.18

1.21 1,24

1.27

1.30

1.33 1.37

Exauiple: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 109 x 1.15 = 125 bd. ft.
Basic data: 471 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests; Jackson
County, Ohio; and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed fran the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol, = 2.913098 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.644365 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .010489 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.347888.

Average deviation of indi-vidual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
is. 4 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.15 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST ESFSRIiENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABIE 56.~mJXfWPOPL&a
O.B.-FOKU CLASS TOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOILB-SCRIBKDSI LOG RULE
O.B.-FOEM CLASS 88

— - -Muiiibe? of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH i 1 li 2 2^ 3 k hi 5 6 7

Ip. Gro^e voluma in board fast

10

13

20

26

30

35

38

42

46

11

18

27

34

40

46

51

L 56

60

12

23

34

44

52

59

66

72 1 78

13

29

43

55

65

74

83

91

98

14

36

54

68

81

92

103

112

121

130

15

44

66

84

99

113

126

137

U9

159

16

53

79

101

119

136

151

166

179

192

17

63

95

120

142

162

181

198

214.

229

18

112

142

168

191

213

233

252

270

19

131

166

197

224

250

274

296

317

337

20

152

193

228

260

290

317

343

367

391

21

175

222

263

300

334

366

395

424

451

22

200

254

301

344

383

419

453

485

516

23

290

343

391

436

476

515

552

588

621

24

327

388

443

493

540

583

625

665

703

25

369

436

498

555

607

656

703

748

792

26

414

490

558

622

681

736

789

840

887

933

27

461

547

624

695

760

822

881

938

991

1042

28

513

608

693

773

845

914

980

1042

1102

1159

29

568

673

767

855

935

1012

1084

1153

1219

1282

30

627

743

847

944

1033

1109

1197

1274

134t

^6

31

690

817

931

1038

1135

1227

1315

1400

1483

1560

32

895

1021

1138

1245

1346

1535

1622

1710

33

980

1117

1245

1361

1472

1578

1679

1778

1871

34

1219

1358

I486

1607

1722

1832

1936

2037

35

1154

1327

U79

1618

1750

1375

1995

2109

MIS

36

1262

U39

1603

1754

1897

2032

2163

2291

2410

37

1368

1560

1738

1901

2056

2203

2344

2477

2606

38

1479

1683

1875 1 2051

gnid

~S5Tr

■2^

2679

2813

39

1816

2023

2213

2393

2564

2729

2891

3041

40

1954

2178

2382

2576

2761

2938

3112

3273

a

2104

2339

2559

2767

2972

3162

3342

3516

42

2254

2512

2748

2972

3184

3388

3581

3767

43

26^

2944] 3184

3412

3631

3837

4036

44

2377

31/^8

3404

364s

3882

4102

4315

45

3069

3357

3631

3890

4140

4375

4613

46

3273

3581

3873

4150

4416

4667

4920

47

38U

4121

4416

4699

4966

5224

48

4055

4385

i>699

5000

5559

Volume as utillzad, to a variable top diametar.

O.Bo-PORM CLASSs Diamet®? outside bark at top of first l6.3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being msltiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 334 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table belo« are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLiESS FOR OTHffi O.B.-FORM CUSSSS

Factors by shich to multiply volimies in the above average table to obtain
voliBEse for other O.B.-Fom Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class 0123456789
(Tens) Factors

5

6

.46

.48

.50

.52

7

• 53

.55

.57

.59

.61

.64

.66

.68

.71

.73

8

.76

.78

.81

.84

.87

.90

.93

.97

1.00

1.04

9

1.07

1.11

1.15

1.19

1.23

1.28

1.32

1.37

1.42

1.47

Examples Volume of l6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form 03^83 92 » 119 x 1,15 » 137 bd. ft.
Basic datas 334 trees from Geo. Washington, Cherokee, Piogah and Mantahal* National
Forests j Jackson County, Ohio; Tucker County W, Va.; Bland County, Virginia; and
Chatham County, North Carolina,

Table constructed from the equations

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.909762 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.587714 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .015130 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.648002.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
is. 7 percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values 0,84 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOPAST EXIffilMESSf STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TAELS 57.-SUGAH MAPLE
O.B.-FORli CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOYLB-SCRIBNEF LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

____ Number of 16. 3-foot logs

DBH ^ 1 Ih 2 2i 3 3^ 4 4i 5 5^ 6 6i 7

In. Gross volume in board feet

10

12

18

24

28

33

11

15

24

31

37

43

48

12

19

30

39

47

55

61

68

74

80

85

91

13 1

24

38

49

59

68

77

85

92

100

107

113

14

30

47

61

73

84

95

104

lU

123

132

140

15

36

57

74

89

102

ns

127

133

149

160

170

16

44

68

89

106

123

138

152

166

179

191

204

17

52

81

105

126

146

164

181

197

212

227

242

18

61

95

123

148

171

192

212

231

250

267

284

19

71

in

144

173

200

224

247

270

290

3n

330

20

82

128

166

200

230

259

286

3n

336

359

382

21

147

190

229

264

297

328

357

386

412

438

22

168

217

261

301

339

374

407

440

470

500

23

190

246

296

3a

384

424

461

498

533

566

24

214

277

333

386

432

478

521

561

601

638

25

240

3n

374

432

485

536

583

630

674

716

26

268

348

a9

483

543

598

653

703

753

800

27

298

387

466

537

604

667

726

783

638

891

28

330

428

515

596

668

738

804

867

929

986

29

365

473

569

656

738

815

887

957

1023

1089

30

402

521

627

723

813

895

977

1052

4127

n97

31

441

572

687

792

891

984

1072

n56

1236

1315

32

481

624

752

~w

975

1074

1172

1262

1352

1435

33

525

681

818

946

1062

n72

1276

1377

U76

1567

34

572

7a

891

1028

1156

1276

1390

1500

1603

1706

35

“519'

804

968

in7

1253

1384

1510

1626

1742

1849

36

671

871

1047

1208

1358

1500

1633

1762

1884

2004

37

724

940

1132

1306

T459'

1618

1766

1901

2037

2163

38

782

1014

1219

1406

1531

1746

1901

2051

2198

2333

39

841

1091

1312

1514

1702

1879

2046

2208

2360

2512

40

904

U72

U09

1626

1828

2018

2198

2371

2535

2698

a

968

1256

1510

1742

1959

2163

2355

25a

2723

2891

42

1035 1 1343

1614

1366

2099

2312

2523

2716

29n

3090

43

U07

1439

1730

1995

2244

2472

2698

2904

3112

33n

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASSs Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided oy
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for aU O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 105 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to got volvunes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPUSiS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

5

6

7

.64

.66

.68

.70

Factors

.72 .75

.56

.77

.58

.80

.60

.82

.62

.85

8

.88

.91

.94

.97

1.00 1.03

1.07

1.10

1.14

1.18

9

1.21

1.25

1.30

1.34

1.38 1.43

1.48

1.52

1.57

1.63

Example: Volume of l6", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 106 x 1.30 = 138 bd. ft.
Basic data: 105 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the equation;

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol, = 2.819509 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.641480 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .014070 (O.B.-Form Class) ~ 3.520644.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
^9.5 percent.

•Aggregate difference: estimated values 1,10 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIhENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 5S.-aED ilAPLE
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOILE-SCRIBNER LOG RULE
O.B.-FORM CLASS 84

- — — Number of 16. 3-foot logs- —

DBH t 1 1§ 2 2i 3 3i 4 4i 5 6 6^ 7

In. Gross volume in board feet

10

12

19

25

30

u

16

26 [■

33

40

46

12

21

33 I

42

51

59

66

13

27

41

54

64

74

83

U

33

51

66

80

92

103

114

124

15

40

63

81

97

112

126

139

151

16

k9

75

98

117

135

152

167

182

17

58

90

116

140

161

181

199

217

18

68

106

137

165

190

213

235

256

19

80

124

160

193

222

249

275

299

20

92

144

186

223

257

289

318

347

21

165

214

257

296

333

366

399

22

189

245

294

339

380

420

457

23

215

279

334

386

432

476

519

24

243

315

378

436

489

540

588

25

274

354

426

490

550

607

661

26

307

397

476

550

617

679

740

27

342 r

443

531

612

687

759

826

28

380

492

590

681

764

916

29

421

545

753

845

933

1014

30

463

600

721

830

931

1023

1U9

31

659

792

912

1026

1130

1230

32

723

867

1000

1122

1239

1349

33

791

951

1094

1227

1355

1472

34

861

1035

1191

1340

1476

1607

35

1125

1297

1455

1607

1746

36

1219

1406

1578

1742

1897

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bau-k at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Fomi Class of the 88 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

[Tens)

Factors

5

6

.62

.64

.66

.67

7

.69

.71

.73

.75

.77 .79

.81

.83

.85

.88

8

.90

.92

.95

.97

1.00 1.03

1.05

1.08

1.11

1.14

9

1.17

1.20

1.23

1.26

1.30 1.33

1.37

1.40

1.44

1.48

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 117 x. 1.23 = 144 bd. ft.
Basic data: 88 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests j Tucker County, W. Va.

and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 2.889611 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +

.635702 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011347 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.325889.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

-8.6 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated value.s 0.37 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABIE 59. -BASSWOOD
O.B.-FCRM CLASS VOLUME TABLE
BOARD FEET DOUB-SCRIBNER LOG RULE
O.B,-FORM CLASS 8?

— Niiaiber of l6. 3-foot logs — ■

DBH I 1 li 2 2| 3 3h A 4i 5 5^ 6 6^ 7

Tn, Gross volvime in board faet

10

12

18

24

29

34

38

u

16

25

32

45

51

12

20

32

42

51

59

67

74

81

13

26

41

54

65

76

85

94

103

14

33

52

68

82

95

107

119

130

140

150

15

41

64

84

102

118

133

U7

161

174

186

16 1

50

79

103

124

144

162

180

212

228

17

60

95

124

150

173

195

216

237

255

274

18

71

113

148

179

207

233

258

282

305

327

348

19

85

133

175

2U

244

276

306

333

361

386

U2

20

99

156

204

247

286

323

358

391

423

453

482

21

182

238

287

333

376

416

454

491

526

561

22

210

274

332

385

434

481

525

568

608

647

23

241

315

3^

442

498

551

603

650

698

743

24

! 275

. 359

434

504

568

628

687

741

796

847

25

312

407

493

572

644

713

778

841

904

962

26

352

460

644

728

805

879

951

1019

1086

27

395

516

625

724

817

906

989

1069

1146

1219

28

443

578

700

811

9U

1012

1107

1197

1282

1365

29

644

780

904

1019

1127

1233

1334

1429

1521

30

716

865

1002

1130

1253

1368

1479

1535

1690

31

792

~wr

1109

1253

1387

1514

1637

1754

1871

32

873

1057

1225

1380

1528

1671

1807

1936

2061

33

962

1161

1346

1517

1683

1837

1986

2128

2270

34

1274

1476

1667

1845

2014

2178

2333

2489

35

1393

1614

1824

2013

2203

2382

2553

2723

36

1521

1762

1986

2203

2404

2600

2786

2965

37

1656

1919

2163

2393

2618

2831

3034

3228

38

1799

2084

2350

2600

2844

3069

3296

3508

39

40

a

42

4-3

44

45

46

47

48

VoluBe as utilized, to a Yariable top diameter <•

O.Bo-FORM CLASS: Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by-
diameter outside berk at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Block indicates extent of basic data for a^ O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Foim Class of the 140 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in -table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

EULTIPLISiS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSSS

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Form Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.49

.51

.53

.54

7

.56

.58

.60

.62

.64 .67

.69

.71

.74

.76

8

.79

.82

.85

.87

.90 .94

.97

1,00

1.04

1.07

9

1.11

1.15

1.18

1,22

1.27 1.31

1.36

1.40

1.45

1.50

Example: Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 124 x 1.18 = 146 bd. ft.
Basic data: 140 trees from Pisgah and Nan-tahala National Forests.

Table constructed from the t.-uation:

Logarithm Doyle-Soribner ) d. ft, vol, = 3.090402 (logarithm d.b.h, inches) +
.660895 (logarithm merch, ht. ft.) + .014679 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.904780.

Average de-viation of indi-viduai. tree volumes ftrom -values estimated by the equation:
-9.9 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 0.90 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 60. -WHITE ASH
O.B.-FORM CLASS VOLUME TABIiS
board feet DOILE-SCRIBraa LOS RUIS
O.B.-FORM CLASS 8?

of 16. 3-foot logs-

DBH

1

2

3

3i

4

4i

5 5i

6i

In.

Gross volume in board feet

10

11

19

25

31

36

41

11

15

25

33

41

48

55

12

20

32

43

$3

52"

71

13

25

40

67

78

89

14

31

50

67

83

97

Ul

124

15

38

62

83

102

119

1?6

152

16

45

75

100

123

144

164

184

17

54

69

U9

147

173

197

220

18

64

106

141

174

204

233

260

286

19

75

124

166

204

239

273

305

336

20

37

144

192

237

278

317

354

390

21

166

222

273

321

366

408

41^

22

190

255

30"

368

420

469

515

561

605

23

290

356

41^

478

533

588

640

690

24

329

405

475

542

6O5

665

724

?82

25

371

456

536

611

682

750

817

881

26

416

512

601

766

843

916

989

27

572

671

766

®5?

. 942

1026

1104

28

637

746

651

951

1047

1140

1230

29

705

828

944

1054

1161

1265

1365

30

m

914

1042

U64

1282

1396

1507

31

857

1007

1U8

12^

1413 i 1538 1

1660

32

“W

1104

1259

1409

1549

1687

1820

33

1030

1211

1380

15W2

1698

1845

1991

34

1125

1321

1507

1683

1854

2018

2173

35

1225

1439

1641

1832

2018

2198

2366

36

1330

1563

1782

1991

2193

^82

2570

37

38

39

40

a

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume

as

utilized, to

a variable top diameter

O.B.-FORM CLASS:

Diameter outside bark at top of first l6.B-foot log divided by

diameter outside bark at breast hei^t, the result being multiplied by 100.

Block indicates extent of basic data for all O.B.-Form Classes.

Table above is for the average O.B.-Fom Class of the 52 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIEES FOR OTHK O.B,-FC»M CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain

O.B.-Fom Class

volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes

(Units)

0123456

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

7

.51

.53

.55

.57

.60

.62

.65

.67

.70

.73

3

.76

.79

.82

.85

.89

.92

.96

1.00

1.04

1.08

9

1.13

1.17

1.22

1.27

1.32

1.37

1.43

1.49

1.54

1.61

Example: Volume of l6“, S»log tree ©f O.B.-Fom Class 92 “ 123 x 1.22 ■ 150 bd. ft.
Basic data: 52 trees frcm. Pisgah and Nentahala National Forests and Tucker County,
West Virginia.

Table constructed fron the equation;

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. » 2.936875 (logarithm d.b.b. inches) +
.719353 (logarithm mereh. ht. ft.) -i- .017201 (O.B.-Form Class) - 4.031653.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:
is. 8 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values 1.47 percent high.

A)»PAUCHIM FCSEST EXPERIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell

IABJ£ 61.-TOIES PINE ^ HSilLOCK
O.B.-FORM CLASS TOLUliE TASffi
BOASD FIST DOHE-SCRIBN®. LOG KUIS
0.B.-FQEH CLASS 83

DBH i 1
In^

. _ _ „ -MuEber of 16. 3-foot logs -

22^ 33i 4 55i

Grcas volume in board feet

6 6^ 7

10 13 20 25 30

u

17

25

32

39

44

12

a

32

41

49

56

63

13

26

40

51

61

70

78

86

U

32

49

63

75

36

96

105

114

15

39

59

76

91

104

116

127

138

148

16

47

71

91

108

124

138

152

165

177

189

17

55

84

107

128

146

163

ISO

194

209

223

18

64

98

125

U9

171

191

210

228

245

261

19

75

114

146

173

199

222

244

264

284

303

20

86

131

1<^

200

229

255

280

304

327

348

21

98

150

191

228

261

292

321

348

374

398

423

22

112

170

218

259

297

332

365

395

425

453

480

23

126

192

246

293

336

375

412

447

480

512

542

24

142

216

277

330

377

422

462

502

540

575

610

643

25

242

309

368

422

471

518

561

603

643

^1

718

26

269

3U

410

470

525

577

625

671

716

759

800

840

27

298

382

455

521

582

640

693

745

794

843

837

933

28

330

423

504

577

644

708

76?

824

879

931

982

1030

1079

29

363

466

555

637

710

778

843

908

968

1026

1081

1135

1186

30

399

510

60B

697

778

855

927

995

1062

1125

1186

1245

1303

31

436

558

665

762

851

935

lou

1089

1161

1230

1297

1361

1426

32

476

610

726

832

929

1021

no?

1189

1268

1343

1416

I486

1556

33

519

664

791

904

1012

n09

1205

1294

1380

1462

1542

16U

1690

34

719

857

982

1096

1205

1306

1406

1496

1589

1675

1758

1837

35

780

929

1C64

1189

1306

1416

1521

1622

1718

18U

1901

1991

36

843

1005

1U8

1285

1409

1528

1644

1754

1858

1959

2056

2148

37

9C«

1081

1239

1384

1521

1648

1770

1888

2000

2109

2218

2317

38

1164

1334

1489

1637

1774

1905

,2032

2153

2270

2382

2495

39

1250

1432

1600

1758

1905

2046

2183

2312

2438

2559

2679

40

1340

1535

1714

1884

2042

2198

2339

2477

2618

2748

2871

a

1435

1644

3-837

2014

2188

2350

2506

2655

2799

2938

3076

42

1531

1754

1959

2153

2333

2512

2673

2838

2992

31a

3281

43

44

45

46

47
43

foluma &s utiliaed, to & 7arl&bl@ top diaaet^r.

O.B.-FCSU CLASS! Diametsr outaido bark at top of first l6o3-foot log divided by
diaaetar outsido bark at breast bsightj the result belrsg iaaitiplied by ICO.
Table above is for the average OoB.-Form Glass of the 322 saiaple trees used. Fac-
tors ia table below are to be used to get volusiiea for other O.B.~Fom Classes.

MOLTIPLI^ FOR OTHSK O.B.-FOHM CLASaSSi

Factors by which to sssiltiply voluiess ia the above avarag® table to obtaiu
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class 0 12

(Tens)

3

(Gaits)

4 5

Factors

6 7 8 7

5

6

7 .6?

8 .91

9 1.24

.69 .71 .73

.94 .97 1.00

1.28 1.32 1.36

.76 ,78 .81
1.03 1.06 1.10
1.40 1.45 1.49

.83 .86 .88

1.13 1.1? 1.20
1.54 1.59 1.64

Ejamplej Volume of 16", 2-log tra® of O.B.-Form Class 92 » 108 x 1.32 » 142. bd. ft.
Basic data: 322 tress from Cherokee, Pisgah and Raat&hala Rational Forests; and
Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equations

Logarithm Boyle-Scribasr bd. ft. vol. => 2.747583 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) ■¥
.608102 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + ,013381 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.30,1406.

Average deviation of individual tr®@ volumes f?oa values estimatad by the aquations
White pine ±7.6 percent; HffiBlock ±8.4 percent.

Aggregate differences esti^tsd values - White pine 0.45 percent lor;

Hemlock 0.98 percent high.

APPALACKEAK FOREST ESraSUffiNT STATION

J, H. Buell
December 1941

TABIjE 6a.-10BtX)Li;? PINE AND mLOWPOPUE
O.B.-FCSM CLASS VOLGUE TABLE

BOAHD Fme Donsscaismi log bdle
O.B.-FORU CLA^ 87

of 16a3-foot logs-

OBH

1

2

2^

3

3k

4

5

5i

6

ISx

Gross voltme in board feet

10

u.

16

21

25

29

32

35

38

11

15

22

28

34

39

43

47

51

12

19

29

37

44

51

57

62

68

73

13

25

38

48

57

65

73

60

87

94

100

U

31

47

61

72

83

92

102

UO

118

126

134

15

39

59

76

90

103

115

126

137

U7

157

166

175

16

47

72

92

no

126

141

155

168

180

192

204

215

17

58

38

112

133

153

171

188

203

219

233

247

260

18

105

134

160

183

205

225

244

262

279

296

312

19

124

160

190

217

243

267

289

311

331

352

370

20

147

188

223

256

286

313

340

366

390

a3

436

21

171

219

261

298

333

366

397

427

455

482

508

22

198

254

302

345

386

424

459

494

527

558

589

23

292

348

398

445

488

530

569

607

643

67s

24

333

397

455

508

558

605

650

693

734

774

25

379

452

518

578

635

689

740

789

836

881

26

430

512

586

655

719

780

838

893

946

998

27

484

577

661

738

811

879

944

1007

1067

1125

28

543

647

741

828

910

986

1059

1130

1197

1262

29

607

723

828

925

1016

1102

1183

1262

1337

1409

30

676

8O5

923

1030

1132

1227

1318

1406

1489

1570

31

750

893

1023

1143

1256

1361

1462

1560

1652

1742

32

986

1130

1262

1387

1503

1614

1722

1824

1923

33

1089

1247

1393

1528

1660

1782

1897

20U

2123

34

1197

1371

1531

1683

1824

1959

2089

2213

2333

35

1312

1500

1679

IBia

2000

2148

2291

2427

2559

36

1432

1641

I832

2014

2183

2344

2500

2649

2793

37

1563

1791

2000

2198

2382

2559

2729

2891

3048

38

1702

1945

2178

2388

2588

2786

2965

3148

3311

39

2113

2360

2594

28^2

3020

3221

3412

3597

40

2291

2559

2812

3048

3273

3491

3698

3899

a

2477

2767

30a

3296

3540

3776

3999

4217

42

2667

2985

3281

3556

3319

4074

4315

4550

43

32U

3532

3828

4111

4385

4645

4898

44

3459

3802

4121

4426

4721

5000

5272

45

3715

4074

4426

4753

5058

5370

5662

46

3981

4375

4742

5093

5433

5754

6O67

47

5070

5445

5808

6166

6486

48

5420

5821

6209

6577

6934

Volume

&e

utilized, to

a variable

top diameter.

6i

O.B.-FQRU CLASS i Dianteter outsida bArk at top of first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by ICX).
Table above is for the average O.B.-Fom Class of the 712 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MUIIIPLIKRS FOR OTHEE O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other 0.3.~Fom Classes

(Units)

O.B.-Fom Class

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.46

.48

.49

.51

7

.53

.55

.57

.59

.62 .64

.66

.69

.72

.74

8

.77

.80

.83

.86

.90 .93

.96

1.00

1.04

1,08

9

1.12

1.16

1.20

1.25

1.30 1.35

1.40

1.45

1.51

1.56

Example: Folume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 = 110 x 1.20 = 132 bd. ft.
Basic data: 712 trees - lellowpoplar from Geo. Washington, Cherokee, Pisgah and
Nantahala National Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Tucker County, W. 7a,; Bland
County, Virginia; and Chatham County, N. C. Loblolly pine from Piedmont and
northern coastal plain counties of South Carolina.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. => 3-162655 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.607856 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .OI6156 (O.B.-Form Class) - 4.091264.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Loblolly pine ^9.9 percent; Yellowpoplar ilO.l percent.

Aggregate difference; estimated values - Loblolly pine 0.22 percent high;
Yellowpoplar 10.51 percent high.

APPALACHIAN FOREST E3CPi2lIMEliT STATIOf

J, H. Buell
December 1941

63.“SHOEKXir PESE A!® 7IFGDJU PliJE
O.B.-FCSOi CLASS VWm SABLE
BOARD FEET DOnS-SCRIBRm LOG RULE
O.B.-PCSM CLASS 87

of I6.3“foot loge-

DBH

i

1

2

2i

3

3k

4

4i

5

In.

Gross volxime in board feet

10

13

21

27

32

37

42

46

50

11

18

28

37

44

51

57

63

68

74

79

84

12

24

38

49

58

67

76

S3

90

98

104

m

13

31

49

63

76

87

98

108

n?

126

135

143

14

40

62

SO

96

no

124

137

U9

160

m

182

15

50

77

100

120

138

155

171

186

200

214

223

16

61

95

123

148

170

190

ao

229

247

264

230

17

74

U6

U9

179

206

232

255

278

299

321

340

18

90

139

180

216

248

279

308

334

361

386

409

19

107

166

214

256

296

332

366

398

428

458

488

20

126

195

252

303

3i>8

391

432

469

506

541

574

21

228

295

354

407

458

505

550

592

632

671

22

266

343

411

474

532

586

638

637

734

780

23

395

474

547

614

676

736

792

847

902

24

454

544

627

703

776

845

910

973

1033

25

518

621

714

802

885

964

1038

1109

1178

26

705

an

912

1005

1094

n78

1259

1337

27

796

916

102i

n35

1233

1330

1422

1510

28

895

1030

1156

1276

138?

U96

1600

1698

29

1002

U53

1294

1429

1552

1675

1791

1901

30

1117

1285

1445

1592

1734

1866

1995

2U8

31

1242

1432

1607

1770

1928

2075

2218

2355

32

xm

1585

1778

1959

2133

2296

2455

2606

33

1517

1750

1963

2163

2355

2535

2716

28S4

34

16!KL

1928

2163

2382

2594

2793

2985

3177

35

1837

m3

2371

2618

;^51

3069

3281

3483

36

2009

2317

26C»

2864

3U9

3357

3589

3819

37

38

39

AO

U

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Volume as utilizedj to s variable top liametOTo

O.B.r-FORM GLASS: Diameter out aide bark at top of first l6.3-foot log dlrided by
diameter outside bark at brsast kelght, the result bedsg multipliod by 100.
Table above is for the aTsrage O.B.-Form Class of the 503 staple tree# used. Fee-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Claasee.

MULTIPLTSS FCK OTH® O.B,-FQSM GLi^SS

Factors by which to sultiply volumes in tha above average table to obtain
volumes for other 0«B,“Form Classes

(Units)

O.B

.-Form Class 0

1

2345

6

7 8

9

(Tens)

5

6

7

Factors

.56

,58

.60 .62 .64 ,66

.69

.71 .73

,76

8

.79

.81

.84 .87 .90 ,93

,97

1.00 1.04

1.07

9

l.U

1.15

1.19 1.23 1,27 1.32

1.36

i.a 1.46

1,51

Example:

Volume

of 16*', 2-log tree of O.B.-Fom Class 92

= 148 X 1.19 » 176 bd. ft,

Basic data: 503 tress from Cherokee and Nantah&la National Forests and northeastern

South Carolina.

Table constructed Srom the squatioas

Logarithm Doyle-Ssribner M. ft, vol. ® 3.221276 (logarithm d.bih. inches)

.633376 (logarithm mereh. ht. ft.) + .C143i>4 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.959952.
Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the eejuatisns
Shortleaf pine ^8.5 pereenti Virginia pine ^8.8 percent.

Aggregate differences estimated values - Shortleaf pin© 4.75 percent high;

Virginia pine 4.60 pereent lew,

AEPAL&CHIAN FCffiSST ELPaiMSKT STATION^

J. H. BwfiU
Seseraber 1Q13

TABIS 64.--SU&AR MAPUS, SS) MAPI£ AKD SHOT BIRCH
O.B.-FOHM CLASS VOLUME TABIfi
BOARD FSBT DOn£-SC5lIBfiER LOG RUIS
O.B.-FOHM CLASS 84

OBH

h

1

2

2^ 3 3^ 4 4i

5

1 5^

In.

Gross volume in board feet

10

11

18

24

29

33

11

15

24

31

38

44

50

12

19

31

40

49

56

64

71

77

84

90

96

13

24

39

51

61

71

80

89

97

105

113

120

14

30

48

63

76

88

100

110

120

ji.30

140

149

15

37

58

76

92

107

121

135

147

159

171

182

16

44

70

92

m

129

146

162

177

191

206

219

17

53

84

109

133

154

174

193

2U

228

244

261

18

62

99

129

156

182

205

228

248

263

288

308

19

72

115

151

183

212

240

266

290

314

337

359

a)

84

133

175

212

246

277

308

336

364

391

416

21

97

154

201

244

283

319

354

387

U9

449

479

22

UO

175

230

279

324

365

405

443

479

514

547

23

126

200

261

316

367

U5

460

502

544

583

622

24

142

225

295

358

415

469

520

569

615

659

703

25

254

332

403

467

527

585

640

692

7U

791

26

284

372

451

522

590

655

716

774

832

885

27

316

a5

502

583

659

730

798

863

927

986

28

352

460

557

647

731

811

885

959

1028

1096

29

388

509

617

716

809

897

980

1059

1138

1213

30

428

561

679

789

891

989

1079

1169

1253

1337

31

471

617

748

367

980

1086

1186

1285

1377

U69

32

515

676

818

951

1074

1189

1300

1406

1510

1607

33

564

738

895

1038

1172

1300

1422

1538

1648

1758

34

614

8O5

975

1132

1279

1416

1549

1675

1799

1914

35

667

375

1059

1230

1390

1542

1683

1820

1954

2084

36

724

948

1148

1334

1507

1671

1824

1977

2118

2259

37

783

1026

1245

l/*42

1629

1807

1977

2138

2291

2443

38

345

1109

1343

1560

1762

1950

2133

2307

2477

2636

39

912

1194

1445

1679

1897

2104

2296

2489

2667

2844

40

980

1285

1556

1807

2042

2259

2472

2673

2871

3055

41

1052

1380

1671

1941

2188

2427

2655

2871

3069

3281

42

1127

U79

1791

2080

2344

2600

2844

3076

3304

3516

43

1206

1581

19U

2223

2512

2786

30a

3296

3532

3767

44

2377

2679

zm

3251

3516

3776

4027

45

2535

2864

3177

3467

3750

4027

4285

46

2704

3048

3381

3698

3999

4285

4571

47

2871

3243

3597

3926

4256

4560

4364

48

3048

3443

3819

U78

4519

4842

5164

6^

Voluma as utilized, to a variable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS! Diameter outside bark at top of first 16,3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 247 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Fom Classes.

MULTIPLIERS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASSES

Factors by which to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

O.B.-Form Class 0 1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

6

9

(Tens)

5

6

.55

.56

Factors

.58 .59

.61

.63

.64

.66

7 .68 .70

.72

.74

.76 .78

.80

.82

.85

.87

8 .90 .92

.95

.97

1.00 1.03

1.06

1.09

1.12

1.15

9 1.18 1.21

1.25

1.28

1.32 1.36

1.39

1.43

1.47

1.51

Example: Volxane of 16", 2-log tree of

O.B.-Form Class 92

= in

X 1.25 = 139 bd. ft

Basic data: 247 trees from Pisgaih and Nantahala National Forests j Tucker County,
W. Va.j and Bland County, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation:

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. =■ 2.877373 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.667400 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .011960 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.432235.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equation:

Sugar maple -10.8 percentj'Red maple ilO.5 percent; Sweet birch -8.3 percent.
Aggregate difference: estimated values - Sugar maple 9.94 percent high;

Red maple 5.85 percent low; Sweet birch 1,96 percent high.

APPAUCHIAN FOREST EEPSRIMENT STATION

J. H. Buell
December 1941

TABIS 65.-WHIIE OAK, CHSSrraT OAK, SASTi®*! KS) OAK, BLACK OAK, AND SCAKLEI OAK
O.B.-nm, CLASS TOLCHE TABLa
BOABB Fm’ DOIUS-SCRIBNEa LOG RULE
O.B.~FORM CLASS 85

-Numbor of 16.5-foo-fc logs-

1

2

2i

3

4

4

5

Gross volume in board, feet

10

11

13

24

29

34

33

LL

15

24

31

38

44

50

56

12

19

31

40

49

57

65

72

78

13

24

39

51

62

72

81

90

99

14

30

43

63

77

89

101

112

122

133

15

37

59

7?

94

109

123

137

150

162

16

44

71

93

113

131

149

165

180

195

209

17

53

84

111

135

156

177

196

215

232

250

18

62

100

131

159

184

209

232

254

274

294

19

73

116

153

186

216

244

271

296

3a

344

20

85

135

177

215

251

m

3U

344

372

399

21

156

204

243

288

326

361

395

428

460

22

111

178

234

284

330

373

414

453

490

526

23

127

202

266

323

375

424

470

515

557

598

24

144

229

301

365

425

480

532

582

631

676

25

161

258

338

410

478

540

598

655

710

762

26

181

288

379

460

535

605

671

734

794

853

27

202

322

423

513

597

674

748

818

887

951

28

2SU

357

470

570

662

750

832

910

984

1057

29

395

520

631

733

830

920

1007

1089

1169

30

436

573

695

m

9U

1014

1109

1202

1291

31

430

631

766

889

1007

1117

1222

13a

1419

32

526

690

840

975

1102

1222

1337

1449

1556

33

562

755

895

1042

1178

1306

1429

1549

1660

34

627

824

1000

1161

1315

1459

1596

1726

1854

35

682

895

1086

1265

1429

1585

1734

1879

20U

36

740

970

ueo

1371

1549

1718

1879

2037

2188

37

800

1052

1276

1483

1679

1862

2037

2203

2366

38

U35

1380

1603

1811

2009

a98

2382

2559

39

1225

I486

1730

1954

2168

2371

2570

2754

40

1318

1600

1858

2104

2333

2553

2767

2965

a

1718

1995

2259

2506

2742

2965

3184

42

1841

2138

2421

2685

2938

3177

3412

43

1972

2291

2594

2877

3148

3404

3656

44

2109

2449

2767

3076

3365

3639

3908

45

2249

2612

2958

3281

3589

3882

a69

46

2399

2786

3148

3499

3819

4140

4446

47

2553

2965

3350

3715

4064

4406

4732

48

2710

3148

3565

3954

4325

4677

5023

Volume as

utilized, to

a variable

top diameter.

O.B..

-FORM CLASS s

Diameter outside bark at top of first 16. 3-foot

6^

diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100,

Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 1802 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to gat volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes,

MuXTIPUSaS FOR OTHER O.B.-FORM CLASaES

Factors by ?rtjich to sfoiltiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Claesas

O.B.-Fom Class

0

1

2

3

(Units)

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tone)

5

.37

.33

.39

.40

Factors

.41 .42

.44

.45

.46

.48

6

.49

.50

.52

.53

.55

.56

.58

,60

.62

.63

7

.65

.67

.69

.71

.73

.75

.77

.80

.82

.84

8

,87

.89

.92

.94

.97 1.00

1,03

1.06

1.09 1.12

9

1.15

1.19

1.22

1.26

1.29 1.33

1.37

i.a

1.45 1.49

Examples Volume of 16", 2-log tree of O.B.-Form Class 92 « 113 3L 1.22 « 138 bd. ft.
Basic datas 1802 trees from Cherokee, Pisgah, Nantahala, and Chattahoochee National
Forests; Jackson County, Ohio; Garrett County, Maryland; Hardy and Tucker Counties,
S. Va.; Bland County, Virginia susd Chatham County, North Carolina.

Table constructed from the equations

Logarithm Doyle-Scribnar bd. ft, vol. = 2.892515 (logarithm d.b.h. inches) +
.673880 (logarithm march, ht. ft.) + .012399 (O.B.-Form Class) - 3.503653.

Average deviation of individual tree voliaaes from values estimated by the equations
White oak ±10.9 percent; Chestnut oak ±8.6 percent; Eastern red oak ±9.7 percent;
Black oak -7.1 percent; Scarlet oak ^S.l percent.

Aggregate differences estimated vai.ues - White oak 3.21 percent low; Chestnut oak
6,11 percent high; Eastern red oak 5.67 percent high; Black oak 2.06 percent liigh;
Scarlet oak 4.47 percent low.

APPAIA0HIAN FOREST SmUSENT STATION

J, H. Buell
December 1941

TABLE 66. -■WHITE ASH AND BASSWOOD
O.B,-FORM CLASS ?OLUlffi TABLE
BOARD FEET BOnJE-SCRIBNSi LOG HULK
O.B.-FORM CLASS 87

DBH i 1
In.

-Nisfflber of 16. 3-foot logs-

2 3 3^ 4 5

Gross volume in board feet

6 6k

7

10

12

19

25

30

35

40

11

15

25

33

40

47

53

12

20

32

43

52

61

69

76

84

13

25

a

54

66

77

87

97

107

14

32

51

68

83

96

109

121

133

144

155

15

39

63

83

102

119

135

150

164

178

191

16

47

77

101

124

lU

163

182

199

216

232

17

57

92

122

148

173

196

218

239

259

279

18

68

109

144

176

206

233

259

284

308

331

354

19

80

128

170

208

242

274

305

334

363

390

a?

20

93

150

198

242

282

320

356

390

04

455

486

21

174

230

280

327

371

412

452

491

527

564

22

200

264

322

376

427

474

520

564

607

649

23

229

302

368

430

488

542

594

646

693

7a

24

259

344

419

489

555

617

676

733

789

843

25

294

388

474

552

627

697

764

830

891

953

26

330

438

533

622

706

785

861

933

1005

1072

27

371

490

597

697

791

879

964

1047

1125

1202

28

U13

547

667

778

883

982

1076

1167

1256

1340

29

608

7a

865

982

1091

1197

1297

1396

1489

30

673

820

957

1086

1208

1324

U35

1545

1652

31

743

906

1057

1199

1334

1462

1585

1706

1824

32

817

998

1164

1318

1466

1607

1746

1875

2004

33

897

1094

1276

1449

1611

1766

1914

2061

2198

34

1197

1396

1585

1762

1932

2094

2254

2ao

35

1306

1524

1730

1923

2109

2286

2460

2630

36

1422

1660

1879

2094

2296

2489

2679

2858

37

1545

1803

2042

2275

2495

2704

2911

3105

38

1675

1954

2213

2466

2704

2931

3148

3365

39

40

U

42

43
U

45

46

47

48

■^olume aa utilized, to a Tsriable top diameter.

O.B.-FORM CLASS; Diameter outside bark at top of .first 16. 3-foot log divided by
diameter outside bark at breast height, the result being multiplied by 100.
Table above is for the average O.B.-Form Class of the 192 sample trees used. Fac-
tors in table below are to be used to get volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes.

MULTIPLIFES FOR OTHER O.B.-FCEM CLASSES

Factors by irtiioh to multiply volumes in the above average table to obtain
volumes for other O.B.-Form Classes

(Itaits)

O.B.-Fom Class

0 12

3

4 5

6

7

8

9

(Tens)

Factors

5

6

.46

.48

.50

.52

7

.54 .56 .58

.60

.62 .64

.67

.69

.72

.74

8

.77 .80 .83

.86

.90 .93

.96

1,00

1.04

1.08

9 1

.12 1.16 1.20

1.25

1.29 1.34

1.39

1.44

1.50

1.55

Example: Volume of I6"

, 2-log tree of 0

t.B.-Form Class 92

= 124

X 1.20 - 149 bd. ft

Basic data: 192 trees from Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests and Tucker County,
W, Virginia.

Table constructed from the equation;

Logarithm Doyle-Scribner bd. ft. vol. = 3.013638 (logarithm d.b.b. inches) +
.690124 (logarithm merch. ht. ft.) + .015940 (OoB.-Form Class) - 3.968214.

Average deviation of individual tree volumes from values estimated by the equations
White ash ^9.0 percent; Basswood ±10.8 percent.

Aggregate difference: estimated values - Vftiite ash 3.01 percent high;

Bassr/ood 1.19 percent low.

APPALACHIAN FORIST EXPERIMENT STATIOfI

J. H. Buell
December 1941

r

Ar