6 GREEK KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA

the empire of the Bactrian Greeks crumbled to pieces, that various
scions of the royal house succeeded to different governorships, and
that the Indian province became separate from Bactria proper.
Cunningham held that only one hundred and twenty years elapsed
from the revolt of Diodotos to the Indo-Seythian conquest of Kabul
and Western India, and in that case we have to fit the reigns of some
thirty-seven Greek kings and satraps into this short space of time.
It follows that more than one of these rulers must have been reigning
at the same period, and it is possible that the latter ones occupied
positions in the mountains of Hazara, Kashmir, and Kangra, analogous
with those of the present Hill Rajahs. Two of the Greek kings
appear to have "been of importance, Apollodotos and Menander. They
are both mentioned by name in ancient history, and their coins are
found in comparative abundance over a great extent of country.
They are almost as common in the North-West Panjab as in the
Kabul Valley, and many specimens have been found to the east of
the Satlaj, and even in the United Provinces.

The progressive degradation of the Greek lettering and design
enables us roughly to classify these coins, and this conjectural
succession of reigns can be checked by a close study of the monetary
type and fabric. Thus joint as well as separate coins of Lysias and
Antialkidas are known, which fact argues a very close relationship
between these rulers, and successive reigns. From a tetradrachm of
Eukratides we know that his father and mother were called Heliokles
and Laodike. Then coins are known presenting conjugate busts of
Strato and Agathokleia, and of Hermaios and Kalliope. One group
of princes is distinguished by devotion to the deity Herakles,
whose image is found on the coins of Euthydemos and of his son
Denietrios among the Bactrian kings, and on those of Strato, Lysias,
Theophilos, and Zoilos, amongst the Indian kings. The worship of
Athene Proniachos is characteristic of another group, and the figure
of the goddess occurs on the coins of Strato, Menander, Epander,
Dionysios, and Apollophanes. But probably the locality where the
coin was struck would determine the god to whom it would be
dedicated. It is common for the coins of some one ruler to bear the
images of more than one deity. The well-executed Herakles hemi-
drachms of Zoilos are quite different in style from his poor coins on
which the figure of Athene is found, and bear different monograms.
Some moneyers were partial to the use of the purely Indian types of
the elephant and humped bull, which are found together on the coins
of Heliokles, and Apollodotos, and singly on. many other pieces.

The fact that we have hemidrachms of Apollodotos bearing the
elephant and humped bull, and that again other hemidrachms are