INTEODUCTION 7

known of the Athene type on which the king is called Apollodotos
Philopator, has led to the creation of two kings, Apollodotos I,
and his supposed son Apollodotos II. Br, Gardner—B. M. Gat.—
distinguished Apollodotos Soter from Apollodotos Philopator, and
Professor E. J. Rapson is disposed to accept this view, but I, like
Mr. Vincent Smith, have combined the coins under one king of
the name.

Since Cunningham wrote his book on Alexander's Successors in
the East, the coins of two new kings—Peukolaos and Polyxenos—
have been found. Only two pieces of Polyxenos are yet knowns one
in silver and the other in copper, and both are in this Collection.
Mr. Eapson doubts their authenticity, but I think they are genuine,
and Mr. J. Allan is inclined to support my view. There is no reason
to suppose that the list of kings is yet complete.

From such considerations as those described above, worked out
entirely from the study of the coins, it is possible to reconstruct the
probable succession and mutual relationships of these Greek rulers,
and to estimate the extent of country over which they ruled. The
only coin of the entire series which bears what may be a recognisable
date, is the unique tetradrachm of Plato in the British Museum.

Coins of Herrnaios presenting his name alone are abundant in
copper and fairly common in silver. There is the striking herni-
drachm which exhibits the conjugate busts of Hermaios and his
consort Kalliope, and a third class of coin also bears two names, that
of Hermaios in the Greek legend, and of one Ejijula Kadphises on the
Kharostbi side. This joint appearance of the names of a Greek and
of a barbaric ruler on the same coin, offers a convincing proof that
Hermaios was the last of the Greek princes, and that Kujula Kad-
phises, of the Kushan race, was the leader who subverted the Greek
dominion in India. A definite proof of this conclusion lies in the
fact that the name of Hermaios finally disappears from the coinage,
and its place in the Greek legend is taken by that of his conqueror,
without any further alteration of the type.

There is no reason to suppose that Alexander struck money in
India of the types current elsewhere. Von Sallet published a copper
coin of Alexander as a piece of Indian origin, because its shape
was more square than round, but I am informed that this theory
has been abandoned. On the other hand, ancient imitations of the
well-known silver currency of Athens are found on the Indian
Frontier, on which the owl is replaced by a standing eagle with
its head turned over one shoulder. In the British Museum there
are two tetradrachms which bear the name of Alexander and this
same eagle device, and these were probably struck in or near India,

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