92 INDO-SCYTHIAN AND INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS

their connexion with the Saka dynasty of Vonones is undoubted, as
joint coins of Axes &nd Spalirises are known, and Spaliri&es was a
member of the Vonones dynasty.

The name of Vonones is found in the Greek coin legends in the
form ONflNOY, and the corresponding Kharosthi legends contain
the names of two of his relatives, Spalahora (Spalahores) and Spalaga-
dama (Spalagadames). That the latter were_ subordinate to Vonones
is certain from the fact that the name and titles of Vonones are given
in the Greek script as BAZSAEnZ BAZiAEXIN MEFAAOY ONflNOY,
while Spalahora is merely called brother of the king, and Spalagadama
is the son of Spalahora. On a square copper coin the Greek form
of Spalahorasa is given as ZIIAAYPIOZ, the presumed nominative of
which is ZIIAAYPSZ. We also possess similar coins struck by one
Spalirisa (Spalirises) as ' brother of the king \ with a Greek legend
BAZf AEnZ AAEA<t>OY ZTIAAIPSZOY, translated into the Kharosthi
as Maharajabhrata dhrawiiasa Spaliri&asa,' [coin] of the pious Spali-
ri&a, brother of the king'. Again, other coins exhibit Spalirisa as king
on his own account with the usual Greek suzerain titles. The
king referred to in the first of these two types of Spalirisa, can
hardly be any other than Vonones, and the legitimate inferences seem
to be that Spalirisa was another brother of Vonones, who survived
both Spalahora and Vonones, and succeeded the latter on the throne.

Two types of coin, one silver and the other copper, exhibit
the Greek legend BAZ1AE0Z METAAOY ZTTAAIPIZOY, and the
Kharosthi legend Maharajasa, mahatakasa Ayasa. It follows that
Spalirisa employed a presumed relative named Aya as his repre-
sentative or viceroy. All the above coins belong exclusively to Sistan
and the regions west of the Indus, and cease abruptly with the vice-
regal coinage of Aya,

But coins bearing the name of Aya, and a Greek inscription
BAZSAE0Z BAZIAED.N METAAOY AZOY, which are obviously
very closely related to the issues of the Vonones family, are found in
great abundance in the Panjab, and scarcely at all in Sistan
(Drangiana) and Qandahar (Arachosia). The tacit assumption has
always been made that Azes, the king of the Western Panjab, is
identical with Azes, the Arachosian viceroy of Spalirisa. But the
coins of Maues, though related to those of Azes, are earlier and better
in style, and Maues was certainly a suzerain king in the Western
Panjab. So it is generally held that Azes succeeded Maues, and
about the same period must have relinquished his rights in regions
west of the Indus.

These conclusions, as set out by Mr. Vincent Smith in his paper,
'The Indo-Parthian Dynasties', Zetischrift der Deutschen Morgen*