96 INDO-SCYTHIAN AKD INDO-PARTHIAN KINGS

swept away the last remnants of Greek authority as represented by
Hermaios, and annexed Kabul to the growing Kushan empire about
the year A.D. 50, Thus the Saka dominion overlapped that of the
Greeks, and it is supposed that some of the later Greek princes were
driven out of the Panjab into the mountains, Artemidoros perhaps to
Kashmir, and Dionysios, Zoilos, and the second Strato to Kangra.
Late in the first century A. D., all the minor states of the Panjab, both
Greek and Parthian, were absorbed by the second Kadphises into the
Kushan monarchy.

With the exceptions that Gondophares is mentioned in a single
inscription and in a well-known early Christian tradition, both of
which have been already touched upon, coins are our sole source
of direct knowledge of the Indo-Scythic and Indo-Parthian dynasties.
Of the rulers called Indo-Parthian in this Catalogue, I suppose the
only ones of undoubted Parthian lineage are Gondophares, Abdagases,
Orthagnes, Sanabares, Pakores3 and Arsakes Theos. I can only say
of the others that perhaps they fall more naturally into this Section
than into the third Section. Zeionises and Kharahostes may have
been satraps of Taxila, and Eajavula was probably of Saka descent.
Heraos has been called a Saka, and a Kushan, and the types of the
coins of Soter Megas ally Mm both to the Kushans and to the Indo-
Parthians. Hyrkodes, Phseigaeharis, and Sapaleizes are nondescripts.
The subject is a difficult one, and the correct and full solution of all
the problems involved must await the discovery of adequate epi-
graphical evidence.

For further information on this period I can refer the reader to
the publications already mentioned in this Introduction^ and in the
Introduction to the first Section, and to the following:

Dr. J. Marquart, Sransahr. Berlin, 1901.

V. A. Smith, 'The Kushan or Indo-Scythian Period of Indian
History', Jl R. A. S., 1903.

E. DB Banerji, ' The Scythian Period of Indian HistoryJ, Indian
Antiquary, 1908.

There are Dr. Fleet's eMoga, Maues, and Vonones \ J. R.A.8., 1907,
and other papers by the same authority, and introductory remarks in
the papers, ' White Huns and Kindred Tribes in the History of the
Indian North-West Frontier', by Sir Aurel Stein, Indian Antiquary,
1905, and F. W. Thomas's, 'The Date of Kanishka', with subsequent
contributions by other specialists on the same subject, /, JR. A. $.,
1913.

The Lahore Museum Collection of Indo-Scythic and Indo-Parthian
coins is very good, and the number of unrepresented types is quite
small It contains an unpublished, unique silver coin of Maues, and