pr^tjce'1 arJ "bc^M! *^2^- practice," either as a
redden: x foli-::m* ho*p.tal <»iaff. Non-patient care ac-

ir«:::es, siich as> administration, teaching, and
research are also reported separately. Two of
the aim it} categories—inactive and not classified-
may further clarification, inactive physicians are
who have rep^rte*! to the AM A via the Physician's

Professional Acmhv questionnaire thai they are either
retired, semi-retired, permanentI> disabled, temporarily
not :n practice, or not active for other reasons. Physi-
uho are as not classified are those for
she AMA nas not received any information as to
their of practice and employment.
Definitions of the two other classifications used in
describing physician characteristics are: Age as defined
In terms of intervals of under 35, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55
to 64, 65 to 75, and ^5 and over; Federal employment as
defined as employment by the Veterans Administration,
Military Services, the U.S. Public Health Service, and
other Federal Service.

The medical education background of physicians is
presented in several forms. Physicians who graduated
from United States medical schools are categorized by
the school of graduation and the state in which they cur-
rently are practicing medicine. In addition, physicians
in a particular county group or county within a
are cross-categorized either as having graduated
from a
in the si ale, in a contiguous state,
in other stale, in Canada, or outside the United
Canada.
available in the Characteristics of Physicians.4 For in-
stance, Characteristics of Physicians provides more
detailed analysis of the major professional activity of
physicians. In addition, it provides board certification
statistics for individual HSA's and counties, age and
specialty distributions by county, and specialty and age
distributions for Federal physicians. Further, because
the CHSS collection effort relies on 50 separate agen-
cies, uniformity in quality and effort is not assured.
And indeed the CHSS is collecting physician data in on-
ly a limited number of states at this time.

INTERPRETATION OF TABLES
Because of the complexity and detail of the data
presented in these volumes, care must be exercised in
their interpretation. A few explanatory words are
necessary about the treatment of the physician
classifications used in these tabulations.
As mentioned previously, it was felt that data on profes-
sionally active physicians would be most useful for
research and planning purposes. At the same time,
however, it was felt that the total pool of physician
manpower should be represented in these volumes. This
dual purpose caused some problem in the design of cer-
tain tables because of the inactive and not classified ac-
tivity categories. These two categories are included in
the tabulations but are treated differently depending on
the type of cross-tabulation involved. Generally, in
tables in which specialty is cross-tabulated with major
professional activity, the inactive and not classified
physicians are included in the total value but are not
distributed by specialty. Instead, these two values are
provided at the bottom of the specialty column under
"Inactive/' *'Non-classified," and "Address
Unknown". To arrive at the total value, the inactive
and not classified values should be added to the sum of
the other major professional activity categories. This
applies to Tables 1, 3, 6, 9, 16, and 19.

Address Unknown
Physicians with unknown addresses are included only
in Table 1 for informational purposes. Again, this value
is not distributed throughout the table but is included in
the grand total. Physicians with unknown addresses are
excluded from all other national tables; therefore the
grand total value on Table 1 exceeds the total value of
Table 2 plus the total in Table 3, and the total reported
in Table 4.

Availably of Data
This concludes the description of data contained in
the COP series. Every effort has been made to provide
the most frequently requested information in a manner
meaningful to most users. These data are also being
made available in the form of print tapes from the
Bureau of Health Manpower. In addition, plans are also
underway to publish the COP series on a regular basis.

4 These observations are based on a comparison oFthe Health Data
Annual
for Massachusetts and the Characteristics of Physicians:
Massachusetts.

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
PUBLICATIONS
AND TO THE COOPERATIVE
HEALTH STATISTICS SYSTEM {CHSS)

Although previous AMA publications, Physician
amd Llcensure In the U.S., and
Alumni, have reported similar informa-
tion*
of Physicians provides more detail-
ed Information previously available in published
form.

The publication has two key features; greater detail of
and greater detail with
to
units. More detail is provided for
age sex, and specialty board certifica-
tion—for groups* individual counties,
and for the service areas. Thus, this publication
to a extensive set of data needs not
met by AMA publication series.
^ A
effort to provide information
to the jn Characteristics ofPhysl-
is by the Cooperative Health
Although this system even-
is 10
on a stat <sby-state ba§is for thir-
teen occupations, reports published as a
of CHSS have not contained the level of detail