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Sidewalks and street where
ones that were the steel

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and concrete stead of trees.

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New York Washington Chicago
Philadelphia Pittsburgh

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American cities big cities bigger
biggest all have one important thing

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in every one of our
cities whatever its size

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or location is a crossroad ation.

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The first settlements were founded as a
transfer point where there was a change

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from one form of transferred to another for
from the beginning to lose were needed

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as well as medicine clothing weapons goods
they could get from Europe only by trade

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and trade as always was dependent
on transportation by land

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and by water.

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So towns stranded around
busy harbors and Ling goods

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and passengers first on the East Coast.

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Then on the Gulf much later
on the West Coast other

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cities likewise began as rivers

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or link transfer boys on the great
inland waterway cities have grown

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where there was water to turn
the wheels a factory near

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Mineral Resources.

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Where there was always higher coal and
near refineries of these resources.

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Some cities grew midway between sources of
raw materials used in the manufacture of

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a finished product such a steel

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others grew near inland transfer point
where products of the surrounding rural

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region were brought to the story

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or shipped to larger markets
certain cities situated in

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mild even climates have grown
as centers for relaxation

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and convalescence from the start.

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Certainly young towns expanded faster
than the rest as commerce grew

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and transfer points industry business

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and communication tended to centralise in
those cities proximity of raw materials

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and labor naturally
stimulated further growth

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the greatest expansion followed the Civil
War industrial centers grew by leaps

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and bounds as factories
doubled and tripled.

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After eight hundred ninety waves of
immigrants many bringing urban skilled swell

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the size of our city again new types
of farm machinery cut down the

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number of people needed on farms young
people headed for the cities to live

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and work

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and with the passing decade
those cities grew fastest

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that were situated as transfer
points handling goods

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and services of the nation's
most productive areas.

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Physically a handful of our cities
were planned from the start.

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Like Washington's famed
wheel and spoke design.

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And the gridiron pattern a popular
nineteenth century city plan.

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But due to the incredibly rapid expansion
most cities outdistance their planners

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when there were any and grew
into a maze of complexity

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and confusion.

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This is the profile of the city any city.
To the left is the center of business.

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Next is all of warehouses terminals

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and old homes moderately priced apartments
occupied the third the first zone has

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single family homes.

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When a metropolitan area grows the
zones expand to take in more area.

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Politically metropolitan
areas often straddle state

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and county boundaries included in these
areas are many small local political units

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cities villages townships.

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There's overlapping duplications

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and conflict in government functions of
these various units as regards highways

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schools water supply and taxes.

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A city has problems increase with its size

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because of this lack of discipline planning
many of our large cities have paid a

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terrible price high land
values in crowded buildings

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crowded street traffic jams

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and costly delays in distributing
good the general decline in warm.

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Neighborly relationships

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far too little chance for fresh air

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and sunlight a higher cost
per person for essential

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services.

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It is even become difficult for the average
citizen to actively take part in his

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local government.

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But we've come a long way to an exciting
era reasons which determined the original

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location of the city's one so significant.

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No longer applies today factories can be
built almost anywhere since power can be

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made available anywhere.

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Instantaneous communication makes it possible
for parts of the single company to be

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hundreds of miles apart many
plants once dependent on

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railroad

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and water transport are today free
to build elsewhere sound business is

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taking advantage of an
increasingly Mobey labor force.

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I'm moving to the low rent outskirts

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and so are families which can
afford houses in the country.

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The trend is away from
the congested center.

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A difficult perplexing job
bases today's city planners.

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We must work within the limits
of a basically rigid structure

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sections of buildings must be
blasted to make way for new avenues

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and followed by new school new playground.

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Low cost housing developments more
efficient more healthy the plagued by such

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problems as help housing and traffic the
very size of a large city as are Devon

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and

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that agent in the abundance
of special services a

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variety of employment of today facilities

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and a city with its large interested audiences
encourages a rich cultural life come

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to galleries lectures the city.

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If we plan well.

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Urban Americans will someday enjoy more
of the advantages of a large city without

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many of the penalties they
now are forced to pay.