¥ LHE INTERIOR. ARTMEN © TATES ede og SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES OLOGRAPHS) . . ey i Or < THE TERRITORIES, Se i ; H VvoR he 4 i t pars 1869 to 1873, inclusive. Hees é ad & W. H. JACKSON, PHOTOGRAPHER, - WASHINGTON. OVERNMENT eb OFFICE. Lew eS DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. F. V. HAYDEN, U. S. GroLoaist-In-CHARGE. m= 60 OB MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS—No. 5. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE Or iITHE PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES, Mite evs Pent ee FOR The Years 1869 to 1873, inclusive. W. H. JACKSON, PHOTOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT Ariba: be OFFIOE. 874. PREFACE. It has been customary, heretofore, merely to catalogue the results of each season’s operations in a few pamphlet pages of numbers and titles only, but the increasing interest in, and demand for the more striking views, calls for a complete descriptive account of the collection, and I ‘have endeavored, in the following pages, to supply as much informa- tion as the somewhat limited space allows. The descriptions are mainly compiled from the reports for the corresponding years. J y - The collection, thus far, numbers upward of thirteen hundred Jand- scape negatives, the greater portion of them of subjects that had never been taken, and probably will not be for many years to come, or until the country has advanced into civilization. By no other means could the char- acteristics and wonderful peculiarities of the hitherto almost unknown western half of our continent be brought so vividly to the attention of the world. That they are appreciated, the demand for them, from all quarters of the globe, amply testifies. It is not to be expected that they should possess uniform excellence, as the conditions under which they were made were as variable as the winds, and the difficulties encountered and surmounted in obtaining many of the most valuable views, are almost incredible. As a whole, however, their excellence is quite marked, and is a triumph over diffi- culties. The Indian catalogue includes a list of over one thousand subjects and sixty-six tribes, representing nearly every portion of the western Territories, and their value to the ethnography of the aborigines will soon be very great. They are mostly studies of their habits and costumes, taken in their own villages and among their own mountains, showing their every-day life. They are fast passing away or conforming to the habits of civilization, and there will be no more faithful record of the past than these photographs. To their future historian they will prove invaluable. The subjects made under the direction of this survey formed the nu- cleus, to which has been added nearly one thousand negatives through the munificent liberality of Wm. Blackmore, esq., a wealthy English gentleman, deeply interested in ethnography. The addition is especi- ally valuable as it embraces many other collections, dating back twenty years. Especial attention is being paid to the subject each season, and addi- tions made to the collections upon every opportunity. 1869 SERIES. (8 x 10.) The Union Pacific Railroad, Salt Lake City and Valley, and the Black Hills of Wyoming; embracing the more prominent pictorial features of the route of the great national highway. Photographed immediately upon the completion of the road in the summer of 1869. No, 1. NorTH PLATTE River, looking north from bridge. No, 2. BRIDGE ON THE NoR?tH PLATTE, near its intersection with the South Platte. No. 3. WIND-MILLS AT NortH PLATTE STATION. At this point the Platte runs through an almost entirely treeless plain, with but very few objects in nature to relieve the dead monotony, So the wind-mills that occur at nearly all the stations, for the purpose of raising water to the tanks, form a very prominent feature in the landscape. The river is very wide, Shallow, and swift, running over bars and quicksands, with many little willow-covered islands. The north and south forks rise respectively in the north and south Parks of Colorado, and flow some 1,200 miles to their junction with the Missouri. The bridge and station are about 290 miles west of Omaha, and have an altitude of 2,789 feet above the sea. No. 4. SHERMAN STATION, upon the broad, plateau-like summit of the Black Hills, 8,242 feet above the sea, and 2,170 above Chey- enne, only 33 miles to the eastward. Sherman, so named from the commander of the United States Armies, enjoys the dis- tinction of being the most elevated railway station in the world. | No. 5, REED’s Rock, near Sherman, forms an excellent illustration of the style of weathering of the granites charaeteristic of this region. These massive piles, like the ruins of old castles, are scattered all over the summits of the Black Hills, and the diiference in the texture of the rock is such as to give a most pleasing variety. They were once angular, cube-like masses, and have been worn to their present form by the process of disintegration by exfoliation. No. 6. GRANITE Cur, near Dale Creek Bridge, about three miles west of Sherman. The road has been drilled and blasted through a close, compact, and massive granite that is susceptible of a high polish, much like the Scottish syenite. 7. DALE CREEK BRIDGE, over Dale Creek, a small tributary of the Cache La Poudre flowing into the South Platte. The bridge is a wooden frame-work structure 650 feet long and 127 high, the largest of its kind on the road. No. 8. DALE CREEK CANON, a view looking south from near the bridge. A characteristic view of the summit of the Black Hills, show- ing the rounded granite forms and scattered pines, the deep canon with its pleasant vale and sparkling trout-streams glittering in the sunlight. No. : 6 No. 9. VALLEY OF THE Nortn PLATTE, near Fort Fred Steele, the second crossing of the river, 696 miles west from Omaha, and having an altitude of 6,840 feet. Unlike itself out upon the plains, it is here a deep, clear, cold stream, not far from its sources among the perpetual snows of Long’s Peak. No. 10. GREEN RIVER BUTTE, near view. No. 11. GREEN RivER Burrs, from across the river. No. 12. TEA-Pot Rock, near Green River Station. No. 13. GiAN?T’s CLUB, near Green River Station. No. 14. Rock Fors, near Green River Station. No. 15. PETRIFIED FISH CUT, near Green River Station. No. 16. BURNING Rock cu’, near Green River Station, Views along the West bank of Green River between the Station and Burning Rock. The above group (10 to 20) rep- resents the curious and unique scenery of Green River at the point where the railroad crosses it 845 miles west from Oma- ha and 6,140 feet above tide-water, The formation which gives this region its characteristic features is known as the Green River shales, from the sedi- ments being arranged in regular layers, mostly quite thin, but varying from the thickness of a knife-blade to several feet. This laminated character, w ith the variations in shade and color, give to the hills the peculiar banded appearance, as shown in all the pictures of the above series. In 10 and 11 we have the Castellated Butte, so prominent a landmark to all travelers, having an elevation of some 800 feet above the river. The upper portion, or Castle, is 200 feet high. Nos. 12, 13, and 14 are excellent examples of the curious and fantastic shapes which the shales have assumed in the process of weathering, suggesting the titles which have been given them. They have an average height of 200 feet. No. 15 is so called from the thousands of perfect and beau- tiful impressions of fish which are shown on the thin slabs of shale; sometimes a dozen or so within the compass of a square foot. Impressions of insects and water-plants are found, and also a remarkable specimen of a feather of a bird. No. 16 is a view a short distance west of the preceding ones, where the road is cut through thin layers of a sort of cream-colored, chalky limestone, interspersed with layers of a dark brown color, so saturated with petroleum as to burn with a good deal of freedom. This cut is called the Burning Rock, from the fact that during the progress of the work the rocks became ignited and burned for some days, illuminat- ing the labors of the workmen by night, and filling the val- ley with dense clouds of smoke by day. The remaining views are glimpses along the west bank of Green River betw een the places described above, showing to good advantage the wall-like and castellated forms on the opposite side of the river. Nos. 21, 22. WASATCH, UTAH, 966 miles west from Omaha, altitude 6,879 feet, on the ‘div ide between Echo Canon and Bear River. * From this point the descent is very rapid into the famous canon. Two miles farther on we come to and pass slowly over an immense trestle-work, as shown in— No. 23, being 450 feet long and 75 feet high. 7 A short distance farther and we shoot into— No. 24, TUNNEL No. 2, the longest on the road, 770 feet in length, cut through reddish and purplish indurated clays, of the Wasatch group of Miocene Tertiary. Descending rapidly we reach— Nos. 25, 26. CASTLE RocKs, at the head proper of Echo Cation, 975 miles west from the Missouri and 6,290 feet elevation. Nos. 27, 28. TOWER Rocks, or pinnacles upon the face of the castle. The rocks bear a remarkable resemblance to some old, dis- mantled fortress, with its towers, crumbling walls, and im- mense embrasures. They are of massive red sandstone from 500 to 800 feet high, which have weathered into these curiously castellated forms. No. 29. PuLpir Rock, at the mouth of Echo Canon, 991 miles from Omaha, and 5,540 feet above the sea. The railroad sweeps around it in a ‘graceful curve, and so near that one might reach from the car-window and touch it. The iso- lated rounded mass above, which seems to stand alone and almost ready to tumble into the valley below, is yet quite firmly seated on its bed of sandstone. It is said that once upon a time Brigham Young held forth to his flock from this rock during their pilgrimage hither. This view shows ad- mirably the coarse conglomerate or pudding-stone, charac- teristic of all the Echo Cajon rocks. No. 30. SENTINEL ROCK, one of the most remarkable landmarks in the canon. It is a regular obelisk of conglomerate, standing near the junction of Echo with the Weber Cafion. It is about 250 feet in height, and affords another excellent illus- tration of the peculiar style of weathering, by which rocks assume curious forms. This column has been very aptly called the ** Dog’s Head,” to which it will be seen at a glance that the summit bears a resemblance. The peculiar form of stratification, with the varied strue- ture, sometimes a firm sandstone, then a pudding-stone, is re- markably well displayed in this veiw. The same variations of structure, on a still larger scale, may be seen in— No. 31. THE GREAT EASTERN, a perpendicular bluff 1,000 feet in height, bearing a strong resemblance to the prow of an enormous steamship. In this the inclination of the strata is well shown. The base is composed of fine sandstone, running into a coarse conglomerate above. No. 32. LOOKING Down Ecuo from above the Great Eastern, and about two miles above the mouth of the canon, giving a general view. On theright the high perpendicular walls, with the strata dipping down westward, cleft by deep gorges, leave the inter- mediate portions standing out like huge castles, massive in form and avivid red in coloring. On the left the hills are equally high,.but run off into more rounded forms, and in the spring-time are clothed with a bright contrasting green. No. 33. A STruDY AMONG THE Rocks oF EcHo, a mass of débris which has fallen from the overhanging walls. No. 34. Toe AMPHITHEATER, an immense semicircular wall of 1,000 feet in height, three miles above the mouth of the canon, show- ing the largest and most perfect wall-surface of any portion of the canon. Leaving Echo, and turning down Weber Canon, we glide 8 smoothly and swiltly along, passing the wonders of the “Narrows,” the “1,000-mile Tree,” ‘ Devil’s Slide,” &c., (see stereoscopic views,) reaching the main Wasatch range, and pass through the lower Weber Cafion. Half way through we come to— No. 35. THE DEVIL’s GATE. Nos. 36-39. DeviL’s GATE BripGE. Not the least attraction to the traveler is the roar of the waters of the Weber as they roll over the immense masses of rock, with the rush and roar of a mountain-torrent. For four miles we are inclosed with nearly perpendicular walls of gneiss, 2,000 feet in height, forming the central portion of the Wasatch Mountains; the river rushing through it at right angles. The rocks are beautifully banded everywhere. There are also coarse aggre- gations of quartz and feldspar all along the sides of this channel; and high up on the steep mountain-flanks are vast deposits of bowlders and fine sand. Soon we emerge from the partial darkness into a broad, fertile valley; and glancing back from— No. 40. Urnra, we have a view of that portion of the Wasatch range through which we have just passed. Nos, 41-43. GREAT SALT LAKE City, UTAn. A view looking south from the bluffs just north of the city, giving a bird’s-eye view of it, and a view of the Wasatch Mountains in the distance, In the center of the first view are grouped the many fine buildings of President Young. The one with the many gable windows is the “Lion House,” the abode of his numerous wives, while the one just to the left of it is the “* Bee-Hive” House, his own private residence. The houses are so called from the emblems placed on them. Plainly visible are many others of the finest private and public buildings, In the second view the eye catches at once the glistening white dome of the great Mormon Tabernacle. In No. 43 are the suburbs to the southwest, with glimpses of the Jordan, and the Oquirrh Mountains. No. 44. THE GREAT MORMON TABERNACLE. Near view of a most con- spicuous building, that always attracts the eye of the traveler as he enters the city. The building is oblong in shape; 250 feet in length by 150 in width. The great dome is sup- ported upon forty-six pillars, which serve as a sort of wall, from which the roof springs in an unbroken arch. This building will seat 7,000 persons, and 10,000 may be gathered within its walls upon extraordinary occasions. No. 45. CoRINNE, UTAH, at the head of Salt Lake, and on Bear River, near its entrance to the lake; an important place on the railroad, as being the point of departure for Montana, Idaho, &e. Here the stages and freight-teams depart upon their long journeys, and their arrival and departure create con- siderable stir in the otherwise very quiet little place. 1369 .SHBLES. STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS. Views of the Union Pacific Railroad from Cheyenne to Promontory Paint, including studies among the Black Hills of Wyoming, and Great Salt Lake City. As the stereographs are but duplications of the larger ones in the preceding series, no detailed description will be given, except in those cases where they are the only representation of the scene. In referring back for description, the subject will be found under the sane general “titles as below. Trom the wear and tear of long use, and unimportance, many of the negatives have been withdrawn from the list, leaving the numbers in a somewhat chaotie condition; but, as many of the views have become well known by their numbers, it was deemed best to retain them. No. 60. DEpoTt AT CHEYENNE, 516 miles west from Omaha; 6,041 feet elevation. Nos. 65, 66. PromoNTORY POINT, the spot where the track-layers met and laid the “ last rail ; 3” elevation, 4,905 feet. No. 67, THE ORIGINAL DEPOT AT PROMONTORY : a primitive state of affairs, incident upon the rapid constr uction of the road. Nos. 68, 69. SPREBT VIEWS IN CORINNE, UTAH. No. 71. Uryra, Uran, mouth of Weber Canon. Nos. 77-80. DBVIL’s GATE, Weber Cafion. Nos. 81-85. Duviw’s GATE BRIDGE, looking down and-up, at ‘a from above and below. 4 No. 8. EAST FROM DEVIL’s GATE. No. 87. WESTWARD OF TUNNEL No. 4;. a rock, cut of 150 feet—in Weber Canon. No. 88. WEST FROM THE MOUTH OF TUNNEL NO. 4. No. 89. WEST FROM THE SUMMIT OF THE RIDGE THROUGH WHICH TUNNEL No. 4 IS CUT, looking over Round Valley, to the Wasatch Mountains, in the distance. No, 90. EAST OF TUNNEL NO. 4. Nos. 91-95. VIEWS BETWEEN TUNNELS Nos. 3 AND 4, a space of about half a mile, but full of grand and picturesque beauties. Nos, 96,97. TUNNEL No. 3, FROM THLE EASP; a cut of 550 feet through solid lime stone. Nos. 98,99. THE 1,000-MILE TREE, a solitary pine in Wilhelmina Pass, or the narrows of Veber Cation, marking the 1,000th mile west of Omaha. No. 100. SECTION-MEN ; a group of railroad laborers on a hand-car. ‘\ Nos. 100, 102. THe DEVIL'S SLIDE, Weber Cation, three miles below the “Ay . 000. mile tree; two parallel ridges of limestone from 50 to 2 250 feet in height, running up the mountain side for , 1,000 feet. No. 103. WILHELMINA Pass, or the Narrows; the entrance to Weber Caiion proper, seven miles below the mouth of Echo Canon. No. 104. Putpir Rock, mouth of Echo Canon. No, 105, DEATH Rock, mouth of Echo Caiion. No. 106. SENTINEL Rock, mouth of Echo Canon. No. 107. Tue GREAT EASTERN, mouth of Echo Canon. Paes Ig 10 Nos. 103,109, LOOKING DOWN IN EcHO CANON, near the mouth. No. 110. CAMP VIEW; under the rocks of Echo. No. 111. LOOKING DOWN THE CANON, from above the Great Eastern. Nos, 112,113. STEAMBOAT ROCK. Nos, 114, 123. SruDIES AMONG THE GREAT ROCKS that have fallen from the clifis of Echo Canon. Nos. 124,125. THE AMPHITHEATRE, Echo Cafion. No. 126. CASTLE Rocks, from the station. No. 127. TOWER ON CASTLE Kock. No. 128-129. CASTLE ROCK, near view.” No. 130. CASTLE Rock, distant view. No. 131. WALLS oF CASTLE Rock. No. 132-133. TUNNEL No. 2 at head of Echo Caiion, 770 feet through soft sandstone and clay. No, 134-137. HiGH TRESTLE-WoRK; 600 feet long, 75 feet high; be- tween Tunnel No. 2 and Wasatch. No. 138-139, E1cHar’s cur, between tunnel No. 2 and Wasatch. No. 140. HiGH TUNNEL below tunnel No. 2. No. 141. MOUNTAIN CEDAR. No. 142. Cur NEAR WASATCH. No. 143-145. “ TH OLD Z,” or a portion of the track at the heed of Kcho before the completion of the tunnel. No. 146. WASATCH, UTAH. No. 147-150, N&EDLE Rocks, near Wasatch, on the old stage-road. No. 151-155. BrrDS-EYE panoramic view of Great Salt Lake City. ° No. 166. MAIN STREET, Great Salt Lake City. No. 157. THE TABERNACLE. No. 158. THE OLD TABERNACLE. No. 159. SIGNS OF THE MORMON CO-OPERATIVE INSTITUTION, No. 161-162. TOWER ON CASTLE Rock, Echo Caton. No. 163. REED’s Rock, near Sherman Station. No. 164. GREEN RIVER BUTTE. No. 168. TEApor Rock, Green River. No. 169. VIEW ON THE WEST BANK OF GREEN RIVER. No. 172, BuRNING Rock Cut, Green River. No. 17f. View ON THE WEST BANK OF GREEN RIVER. No. 175. GREEN RIVER BUTTE AND BRIDGE. No. 176. GREEN RivER Burre AND BRIDGE, near view. No. 177. PETRIFIED FisH Cut, Green River. No. 178. GIANT’s CLUB, Green River. N O- ] 79. WEST BAN} OF GREEN RIVER. N6i9ST. Bast FROM GREEN RIVER. No. 182-183. SHERMAN STATION, summit of Black Hills. No. 184. DALE CREEK CANON, No. 185. DEVIL’S GATE OF DALE CREEK. No. 187. BRIDGE ON THE NortTH PLATTS, first crossing. No. 188-191-192-194. DALE CREEK BripG@s, Black Hills. No. 195. THE Nort PLATTE, at Fort Fred. Steele. No. 196-199. DALE CREEK BrinGs, Black Hills. No, 200-249. ARE OF INDIAN SUBJECTS which have been incorporated into the Indian catalogue in this same volume. The following fourteen views are among the curiously eroded granites in the Black Hills, about five miles north of Sherman Station. No, 250-251. THE PIONEER’S HOME. No, 252-258, VIEWS ABOUT THE HEAD OF CROW CREEK, No, 259-264. Rock SYUDIES, head of Crow Creek. A 370 SERIES. (63 x 85.) A series of views made during the summer of 1870, commencing at Cheyenne, about August Ist, and terminating at Colorado City, Novem- ber 10th, covering a great portion of the little known, but extremely picturesque and interesting scenery of the Black Hills of Wyoming, the North Platte and Sweetwater Rivers; South Pass, and the Mauvaises Terres, about Fort Bridger; thence into the Uinta Mountains; down Green River ; through Bridger’s Pass, to Fort Sanders, and from there along the foot-hill ranges to Pike’s Peak, in Colorado. The very limited time given for preparation, the lateness of the season and the large ex- tent of territory covered, rendered the work extremely arduous. Nearly all the views were obtained while upon * side-trips,” a small detach- ment visiting the more interesting portions of the surrounding moun- tains, or canons, while the main train pursued its way along the valleys. No. 47, CAMP NEAR OHEYENNE, at Fort D. A. Russell. The ren- dezyous camp where the survey was organized and equipped for field-service. No. 48. “ HoGBAcks.”