DIARY NO D, UO. Gra From February JN ne e 1d, ely o Me hae Dine umme. * to date in L5. at pale canyon nage a 7 “ 4n the wine whee ole ob J dhe Soo? ey wey , Fe | ee cS ee? ag 2 7: Fut se at? mountain & ae the morning I went for did not nl a shot a leave tf uy a.m. and prepare skeletons oe: a7 4 ae | tid a, ues at or aa AL é le [ne yd two When le and cleaned on them Since Feb. 17. bird skeletons regular bird or 71 ly a skinner was not amount of specimens four birds in ha oven so the mea skinner is not in with me. hundred birds. LT have long a done that I ect + senen teed ve i Pie Bh a 4 nave i CaN: COLE ear Pan” 2] Fano axatenes eteerts pometrical meas whe ade Su Go ca eva anthr whieh seem rar near Tatsienlu. made 12 some of secured Feb. 18... Today 1 and secured ten birds, looks like some that I Feb. 19. sop measurenen ts Today I cared for ae , of one Chinese. . ete. I spend some time packing f to leave on a raft tomorrow satin to Lo’ Bat be importan preserving number of Vi Feb. One male 20. Went by raf fishduck seems to years ago, fly killed tamus so lL he £ Sa . "F e A. a C3 he Ta iy et : >¥} be dec uche Ht : oi y ae 1 4 Led two Feb. 21. Today I e i previously sent toda jay! © cate! al ay be a reason é Ee ame kind below 3 rart could not ar, near it. bids in this river betwe QOW Ss stream in some cases to Ko b “% * Ooseat cit en Yac! sealaie Regis Mil are Cs “Fo Nut ade es Pay i wnat sonia ny eidu hairs! f fas a f moon. This wasnt started t mM cL a te Saved ne early ty wenty collars i the work myself, ake care and interesting. number of ducks and specimen. RAAS 4 hoping and out two-thirty ax ba sth ¥ ag three-hour ee 6 hy os bird skeletons are arying not decay and aving suifu I c. oy taken care because the limits the KR < ? gf ake exican 4 ‘ rs WM bat Lt si Oly S 2 a % oe ps $ Ww an) urements. Then I went hunting One red bird 5 7 Ae hid i, preser evi to set the ra sure Sd if 8 a Me) 7 Ss td skele indy, ae rer ea FY aes just above Hong Ya eleton of this bird. o nshiny day, and sily be secured. I saw a second get near it. It on an many aah stones Ordinary boats could not large bamboos do it quite Ter ey wy MH ti Ges ae oe ne fy @ of eam hy iid? , we midnight, it became ‘ clear sky after ale * daylight, but the raft did not stov. ‘We arrived at Kiating about J eapeny to spend tomorrow in the, Lame Dynasty tombs and Sunday visit will also hunt birds. This aftern nunted gulls, which are often ; above the Min and the Ya Rivers. it was a hot, sunshiny afternoon, 28 not a gull in sight hey a@oparently fly ar and earlier and probably later in the he ae: This afternoon I called on the city postmaster. He showed me three images of men and one of a fowl from the Han Dynasty tombs. They were of unglazed earth- ware. lost Chinske believe these Han “ynasty tombs to be Mantsi caves, but to my surprise the postmaster said they were Han Dynasty Chinese tombs, and that these images of men went back to or were rooted back in an earlier custom of actually og & Ling people and burying them in the tombs or of burying people mae He had apparently reached this conclusion through the study of the materials themselves and of other Chinese sources, such as ; history, ete. Feb. 23. I -sent Chin*Gih Uen across the Min River to look for artifacts on that side of the river, and with two coolies I went to the caves about ten li northwest on the Ya River. Chen Gih Uen got nothine of value, but got into a cave where there was a wild animal that may have been a wolf or a fox. He attacked the animal, but it got away. He bumped his head on the roof of the caWe-tomb and raised a good big bump. I got much more than he did, age was somewhat disappointed in the number and value of the artifacts collected. I secured two birds, one of which I believe is new as far as my collecting is concerned. I made some diagrams of caves, etc. When I was about to return to the city, I saw a rabbit chased into a patch of high grass about a mile long and a 5 ibe ror 6 seen wide. I Spent some ime hunting for him, but did not find him. lL of walking and climb- ng today, and also did 2. good deal of work with the ha in many of the caves I J into the caves and t of them. Feb. 24. Today I had to speak twice in the local church. Chen Gih Ven, the netter, worked in the Han Dynasty tombs, sre Lge nothicg worth while. tie have covered many of these tombs, and it is getting harder to secure artifacts worth om ot, while. However, I cannot be sure that he y did his best. H Ss eS as soon as we reach Suifu and lw n ry + find and train another man at or [do not think he has been doing faithful work at tachow during the past This afternoon 1 went across the river near the Great Buddha and a number of the old tombs on that side of the r eee | ge some pictures some artifacts from the Han Dynasty tombs that are he hands of the 4Siating postmaster. Feb. 25. Finished packing this Bore es and started dowm the river towards Suifu. Killed two sulis before leavin saw gulls as far down the river as Chien Way or Kienway. They are not ‘found : uit = pped for the night at Yao-Gu-Tao. 7 Te wii Feb. 26. We struck a hard, upv—r * wind was so strong that the boatmen on another boat got off and oul Lad the | am by the bamboo rope ordin- arily used : s boats upstream. For ie or seven miles three men walked downstream on the her side of the eivae, and we did not go any faster than they % did. Either the robbers have been scared away, or they are busy ian is the New Year season, for none of them are busy on this part of the river just now. On the way to Yachow I had a heavy escort, but 1 have none just now. We are stopping at Liu Shih Pien tonight, 40 li from Suifu. Feb. 27. At about 2 50 asm. the moon was very bright, so the boatmen started for Suifu. They came to a a bad rapid, and were soon stalled on some rocks, with danger that the boat would be wrecked. Life-boate began to hover about like vultures around a carcass. a would have demanded big sums of money to save us if we had been wreched. 1 jumped out of bed and worked for some time with bare feet—-later took time to put my shoes on. After working over an hour we got into the ay channel and got over the rapid. We started to land at cobochi, but missed the landing and barely missed being hurled against some rocks. We turned back into the main stream to avoid the rocks, and Pine zliy landed in a little bay: and anchored until morning, when we came on to Suifu. Spent the rest of the day unpacking, receiving callers, etc. A letter from my wife tells that the whole family, including my wife, has had the flué, my wife and the baby quite badly. Tt ae a 1 Rie TEST ta 7 ng Ng of “4 : 5 oe Kt 1, +- sc A : Feb. 28. Today I have had the skinner drying bird skeletons all day. Ghen Gih Uen has done ripeness uae! work collecting in Yachow. He had trouble both with foreigners and with Chinese. He did not do faithful: collecting, securing only a fraction of what he could have and ought to have secured. He was in a big gambling deal and one of the men who lost was a nurse in our Yachow hospital. The nurse felt so badly that he committed suicide. Chen Gih Uen said that the hospital persecuted him so much that he committed suicide, and started to cause a big dis— turbance against the foreigners by arousing the Chinese servants who were employed by the foreigners to strike, etc. He was persuaded to desist, but came within just Little of unjustly harming the foreigners at Yachow. Because he was sending in so few specimens I instructed a friend at lachow to discontinue his salary and send him back to Suifu. He wrote aaletter to me stating that he had lots of specimens on hand, and that he had written two letters telling about his unjust treatment, one to the Smithsonian Institution and one to the American Government. What he wbote: if he Asanti at all, and who received those letters, I do not know. I sent him word that he worked and secured specimens as he ought, his wages would be paid. He “ce ae. and had some good specimens when I reached Yachow, but said he was determined to quit and go into business. He said he wanted me to bring him back to Suifu, which I have done. We settled up finally today. He showed a bad spirit, and tried to find ways to compel me to give him more money then was due him. I am glad I am through with him, and have already taken steps to secure a new collector. I hope to get some of my specimens dried and forwarded to the Smithsonian In- stitution in a few days. | March 1. Chen Gih Dan, has asked permission to bring in any specimens that he may rum across, and of being paid in proportion to the number of specimens secured, which I have agreed to. If he brings nothing he gets nothing. Since returning to Suifu I have had a very strenuous program. I have taken no time to rest, and have barely taken time to eat properly. The result is tha today my . diges bites orgens got badly upset. They are feeling better now. 4 March 2. Today with the help of the skinner Ho I packed several boxes of bird skeletons. A letter from the American Express Company shows that all the , 210 boxes of artifacts and specimens that I sent in during my first year, with the exception that either one number was skipped or the box with that number must have been lost, have been received and forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution by the American Ex- press Company. ‘his is pleasing news to me, of course. March 3. A boat coming down the Min River was fired upon, and then robbed. One man was killed and one wounded. : I recopied all the anthropometrical measurements which I took at Yachow. I labelled a few boxes of specimens. I have already filled boxes including number 245, and probably have enough material on hand to fill fifteen more boxes. ft is a problem to get paper strong enough to wrap these boxes on the outside. Mareh 4. Labelled and pack ked boxes 244-245. f secured a salamander 44 inches long, or 111.8 m.m., and having a head with the breadth of 18.5 mm. JI am sending it along after it is well cured in formalin. T have packed seven boxes of fish. The carpenters are making right size for the fish. Because tin is apt to rust and spoil the ing the experiment of making boxes into which the fish fit clos ae y, and simply n putting the fish inside these boxes wrapped in cloth that has been soaked i formalin. I very nearly got a good mammal today, but lost it because I tried to jew the man down. He got mad and went away. March 5. Today the carpenter has been busy making boxes for took one anthropometrical measurement. I packed several boxes of st labelled two. I io a long walk, and secured a few insects. I secured a few fish specimens. I gave a prospective collector a little instruction and developed one of the films I sia on the trip to Kiating. I also took several, pictures. March 6. Today I had the carpenter make some more boxes for shipping future specimens, and purchased 2a large bird. I'11 have to get some new oilcloths made for the collecting of next summer. liarch 8. During the past few days I have been gettins boxes made for the future shipping of specimens, and this morning I worked out a financial statement of the Smithsonian accounts to date, which beat 9 be mailed to Dr. Wetmore tomorrow. Within the next few days I expect to mail all the specimens I have on hand except-— ing a few fish that are not quite pieced. Then I want to take a trip up the Yangtse River to Shu Gi iang,; four days west of “uifu. I have already labelled boxes of | specimens up to and including box No. 256. March 9. — I packed box no. 257, ariifacts from the Han Dynasty caves, and sent seven s to the nostoffice. xes are now properly wrapped, labelled, and boas a send to the ihintetetes Weenie morning. S Several flocks of the large cranes have flown over, migrating northward. March 10. Filled box No. 258 with artifacts from the Han Dynasty tombs. The West China Union University would like very much to secure these artifacts, for not a few of them have not yet been found by anybody else. March 16. I have been preparing for a trip to Shu Kiang just beyond Pin Shan on the Yangtse River west of Suifu, on the Yunnan side. Chen Gih Uen asked that he be given some collecting materials and be allowed to bring in what he could receiving vay in proportion to what he brings in. I have consented, for in this way we shall psy only for what we receive. I have sent for a young man to come and learn col -lecting, going with me q a 4 ; ; =} ons on the Shu’ Giang ip, and being taught each day, but he has not come. Just now I am meeting a fer discouragements collecting. March 17. 1 was vaccinated for smallpox before starting this morning. Travelled 90 li to Ngan Bien or 4n Bien. Secured five birds, but only one that was specially interesting. Passed a small lake on which were what I think were grebes. The Vhinese navigate this lake in tiny boats that can hardly hold two people, and are much in danger of filling with water. I wounded one bird, but it got away through its ye in diving. 1 got very few insects Before starting on this trip I mailed a. e boxes that I had filled including box No. 258. | : : : , Lye. eS | March 18. We travelled 120 14 to Pin Shs Flat Mountain. There is a oe th mountain near here flat on top. This was a very long trip to take on such i hot day. 100 li is a long day's journey. Last night about 11:50 the messenger Lan Shiang Bin came and knocked loudly on my door. He had a letter from Yang Fong Tsang who has killed two leopards, and has their skins and skeletons. They are worth at least $75.00 gold. I have sent the messenger to tell Yang to bring the specimens at once to Suifu. People have brought a lot of pressure on Yang Fong Tsang to get him to sell the skins and bones. Mammal No. 187, 188 March 19. Travelled 30 Li a Shid Giang. Yesterday and today I saw many fields of growing opium, some of them in bloom. The poppies are the white variety—-that is, their flowers are‘white. The white poppies are add to yield the best ODiUM. ng ey the ground covered on this trix rood collecting ground. This time it has been very poor. Probably the reason is hat the weather is very hot It rained hard at Suifu a: few days before I 1éft. No rain fell this side of An Bien. The ground is very dry and hard, and insects are very few. I got four birds today at two shots , but they are Bat uncommon birds. : &, 1 The floods last year did a great deal of damageyto the towns along the river, destroying many houses and temples. March 20. Seeured a few good insects. March 21. Killed three birds and secured some more insects. to a Chinese feast. Today is my birthday, but nobody here knows it, so the day has passed away very quietly. March 22. I have made arrangements to leave for Suifu by boat tomorrow. Packed for the trip down the river, and labelled specimens. Today I saw a Chinese beggar who was born at Lui Bo, west of here. His hair is like that of sa towhead, flaxen. He squints his eyes nearly shut all the time. I took his picture and had someone open his eyes enough so I could see their color. Théy ere blue. He is apparently much ashamed of it. His skin is white. Ll walked a long way but got only one bird, a rather common one. I do not waste ammunition on the most common birds. Ammunition is too hard to get. March 23. My ammunition is getting so low that I am going to use it very sparingly until the summer collecting trip, for it is not at all certain that more can get to me from Shanghai. I will bend my energies to preparing for the summer collecting trip, and will emphasize the securing of fish, travoing through collectors, etc. (Of course netting). I mst replace many of the oil—cloths, for they are in a very bad cohdition. Because of the continued draught, the official here has ordered praying for rain. Already vriests are reading the sacred books of the, Dragon Kine, dressed in ceremonial robes, accompanied by the beating 6g drums, Youpjs”and timbrels, and with much bowing to the gods. Boys are getting ready to have the dragon parade. They are naked above the waist, and wear on their heads wreaths made of green willow twigs and leaves, and have a straw dragon in the parade. People throw water on the half—naked boys. This afternoon I received a telegram with birthday greetings from my wife and family. On March 18 I met a Lolo at Pin Shan He stated that the clan system of families of the same name and descended from the same ancestors living together and marrying only members of other clans exists throughout Lololand. He said that the Lolos used the mouth harp, and that in marriages a cow, sheep, and wine are given for the bride as a sort of a purchase price. have travelled from Suifu to Shu Giang pany times. The process of deforestation is going on a pace west of Pin Shan. Harge trees are being cut down, and new trees are not growing in proportion to those eut down. Grass-fires (the grass grows very tall) are helping along the process by killing the young trees. This section may become semi-arid like that west of the Ta-Shiang—Lin Pass, especially if this process goes on. March 25. I did not get off yesterday, because there were important matters . - #7 3 SS not yet attended to. This morning we got a late start, and reached Ngan Bien. The boat is a large one. I secured an escort from Pin Shan to Ngan Bien. fhe deforestation is less evident as we approach *uifu. One of the bothers in over—land travel in China is that 2 coolie carrying a hee vy Load is ae nd se neuen: varow egal some feos ae This time I have been chests. It dis appeare a on the way bo Shiu Binae t Kank a timeted cunt down the river, to enquire at all the stopping-—pleces, such as ef s, ete. We found the instrument in our chapel af Nean Bien tonight: where the ecoolie dumped it secretly off his load just before starting from Ngan Bien to Pin Shan. It is lucky that he left it in our chapel instead of a strange inn. Merch 26. In the morning at Ngan Bien the opium tax collector came on the boat looking for opium. There was no opium. But he demanded some squeeze or a bribe before allowing the boat to proceed. The captain offered him a small amount. The collector oe a larger amount. Words grew warm. The tax-collector struck at the captian pee s fron cain. The captain warded off the bloy, and shoved the collector DT ike hill. The collector had the eapain arrested and publicly spanked until eh hips were blue. We reached Suifu about 1:30. My friend Mr. Edgar, F. R. G. &., was in Suifu, on his way to Tatienlu. We had a fine visit, with thousands of interesting things to talk about. We hope the Smithsonian Institution will back a collecting expedition in 1980 into Tibet, as far as hi can go. Mr. Edgar will then go along with me as guide, without salary or com-— pensation. He can speak Tibetan. March 27. I am getting odds and ends of work settled, hoping to get speci- mens packed and forwarded soon. Yang Fong Tsang should get in with specimens soon. “ast night it rained. March 28. A notice from the postoffice today will make some difficulties: in forwarding some of the specimens. Those in alcohol or formalin will have to be sent to Shanghai in care of a friend rather than by parcel post. kd Yang Fong Tsang is overdue. He may be having some trouble. 5 0 Filled boxes 259-264. t few days. The messenger April 2. It has been raining hard during the pas s no word from them. pa Liu and Yang Fong Tsang are long overdue, and there i A letter from Yachow says that the Roosevelt party has been at Moupin seeking the white bear. I am very anxious to try my luck getting that bear next summer, also the golden—haired monkey and the white leopard. Today I sent six boxes of specimens to the postoffice. There are reports of war in east China, and rumors of coming civil war in Szechuan Province. April 4. Yang Fong Tsang has arrived with his two leopards. There are also forty-seven small mammals. I spent a good. deal of time labelling the specimens, reckoning accounts, ete. There are five bird skeletons and skins. Mammals No. 189-224 were all small mammals. Small leopard No. 255 ; Large . oe: This work kept me busy until after eleven ?. M. In the afternoon I had a physical examination, and am in good physical condition. April 5. bast night I took the two leopard hides and skeletons into my bedroom, because in any other room in this house rats might get in and injure. the specimens. A large rat evidently smelt the specimens, for about twelve o'clock one began gnawing loudly on the woodwork on the outside of my room trying to vet in. He kept this up three hours, in spite of anything I could do, merely stopping temporarily when I made a noise. Then he gave it up and went away. Yang Fong Tsang caught the small leopard in a trap, but to secure the large one he had to secure the hely of several hunters, im most of the specimen. ft have had to reward them twenty dollars gold. Such difficulties are generally faced in getting large mammals excepting when one is fortunate enough to secure the specimen himself. The coolie who brought Yang's load is a Chuan Miao, so I took his anthropo- metrical measurement yesterday. , Filled box 265, bird and ratskins, , filled wit! : see notes of Aoril 14. The minbers of these were changed later. Purchased a strange fish. Rok two anthropometrical measurements today and some pictures. Tbe Eastman films ordinarily have paper and mucilage so that you ean stick the second end of the film fast. The last batch cannot be stuck fas t, so that the films rolled up in rolls and spoiled. This makes it necessary to send th films to be developed ins stead of developing them in my own tank. A number of people have called to see the two leovards today. I have spent much time getting Yang Fong Tsang ready for his work during the next two months. He leaves tomorrow. saturday, April 6. I spent today on the nearby mountains collecting. I did not see a single thing worth shooting, but caught a number of insects. I spent some time training a man who might vossibly do as a collector. . good day, but tonight it is raining hard. April 7. This afternoon I went out collecting with a new man who wants the job of collecting. I will give him some training, and if he makes good, he can have the job. April 8. The new collector worked by himself today and while he brought back a number of insects, he brought back nothing worth while. I suspect that he 9 is not bright enough to do the job, but cannot be sure yet. I bought lumber with which to make boxes in which to ship the leopards, and other specimens. April 11. During the last three days I have been packing specimens, and having the oilcloths repaired. Some of the oilcloths are in bad condition, but I am repairing them rather than securing new ones. It rained hard all day yesterday. I was innoculated for typhoid Tuesday évening and felt very poorly yesterday. The netter worked today again. April 12. One man went after water insects today, and did not get many. Another man went after flying insects and did not return with his catch. I wrote to the postmaster today, and if he says it is safe to ship specimens, I'll soon send the largest box I have yet sent, one containing two leopard skeletons, and some other specimens. | There is evidently civil war in the northern part of the Province, but this city does not seem to be distrubed much about it. Almost: every day I am making oreparations of some kind for the collecting next summer. Took one anthropvometrical measurement. April 13. Had one netter working near Suifu today. Mammal No. 237. TI am getting scared lest the Smithsonian Institution will not back up the collecting expedition to Moupin next summer. It ought to yield the richest re- sults yet secured. A steamer with mail sunk in the Yangtse River, so Smithsonian letters may have been lost. April 14. The collector Shiao secured so little that it seemed evident that it was a waste of money to employ him, so I paid him off and sent him home. He is not bright. It takes a little brains to net or collect any kind of speci- mens. Filled boxes 265 bones, 266 ratskins, 267 bones, <68 animal skins, <69_ leopard skin, box No. 270 ratskins, 271 fish. 272 birdskins, and ¢76 leopard skeletons. April 15. I have been a little under the weather during the past few days. Took a dose of salts this morning. Spent some time putting final labels and wrappings on several boxes of soecimens. ox no. 273, containing two leopard 4 skeletons, is the largest and heaviest that I have sent. I received word from the postoffice that it was not accepting and forwarding 7 packages by parcel post at present. That means that I'll have to wait a while for the next shipment. Mail has not been coming uo the Yangtse River for some time. April 18. Having lost one netter, I am trying to get a new netter that is worth his salt. It is not an easy task. The last man I tried was practically kdl useless. Today I am sending a messenger to get a young man I know, hoping that he will be all right. It is reported that steamers will be coming soon, and then it should be possible to forward the next shipment of specimens. Filled box No. 274, a large salamander, length 111.8 mm, 44 inches, breadth of head 18.5 mm. Aoril 19. Chen Gih Uen, our nétter for several years, came in today with five large bottles and eight small bottles of specimens, and one box of insects. I paid him about two dollars and five cents gold, and he is satisfied. At Yachow he secured about the same number of specimens in one month, and he received about seven times es much pay for it as wages and food account. There is no doubt that he played possum at Yachow. He is going with me on the collecting expedition, and I ean then watch him all the time and get very good work out of him. He is not on salary now, and is merely paid a small amount for the specimens he brings in. I am trying hard to find a netter that I can keep on time all the year. | Filled box no. 275 mammal skins and skeleton. Box No. 276, 277, 278, con- fish specimens. P.M. This afternoon a young fellow came’ in who wants to learn to be a netter. I am going to try him out. This afternoon I took another anthropometrical measurement. April 21. Spent much time copying Chinese male anthropometrical measurements 51-75 for Dr. trdlicka. The work is unfinished. I took the new netter out to give him some training at netting insects. April 23. I have taken a short trip to Li Chuang. Secured two birds and some insects. | —? eed It is now certain that civil war has actually begun in Szechuan Province. April 24. Mail has not gotten through from Shanghai for one month, probably because ot warfare at Hankow and at Jehang. a pee April 24. Today the hew collector, Shiao, aged 16, having been put up to it py the older collectors, struck for the same psy the older and more experienced collectors are getting. I told him that as he learned and gained experience i would add, but I would not add to his wages on any other basis-—that if he did not want to do the job under that understanding, he could return home. He decided t continue. I am really training and trying out two new collectors paying the two of them "put together" about what I was paying Chen Gih Uen before he was taken off the salary list. Today I purchased four vases made out of the tree-stalks of fern-trees, which are found only in a locality near Suifu. Sinee they are rather heavy, I shall probably send only one to the Smithsonian dnstitution. I copied Chinese male anthropometrieal measurements 51-75 to send to Dr. Hrdlicka and will mail them tomorrow. | April 25. Today was a 1 rainy, cold day, so little could be accomplished. ey lin tek, : The postmaster informed me that there is fighting near Jiu Chow, ¢ ast of | here, and that there has been fighting at Ichang. Letters are not Sitios through Fron ic ato so we nave os gh no letters from America for at least a month. e forwarded, but must await the end of civil war in “arma sy | I have gone over my ammmition, and find that it is as follows: Dust shot, 415 rounds No. 2 2&0 rounds No. LO shot, eoQ Ho. 2. 328. * no. 7 bo B.8!s°.145. * No. 6 20 Newton High power 139 rounds No. 5 525 , 32 extra longs 120. 2% Buck, 150 rounds T am shortest of the kinds which I need most, no ten shot, and 52 extra long loaded with dust shot. | This makes rather scant supplies for the Moupin trip, but with careful economy we can do with what we have. I will practically do no shooting until next summer so as to save my ammunition for the summer collecting. The ammunition which the Smitsonian Institution sent to Miss “acey for me cannot possibly get to me in time for the summer trip. April 26. I spent the morning cleaning up the room where the collecting outfit is kept, and in straightening these article around. I also wrote labels on some of the boxes of specimens. This afternoon the sun came out, and the new netter collected some insects. | April 27. Today I had two men out netting, one after water insects, and one after flying insects. ‘Some of the water insects look interesting. April 28. Today I took ‘cidirodonebiland, measurements of two Chinese men. I wrote to Yachow and to Tatsienlu re future collecting. For over 2 month now, mail has not come through from Shanghai. It seems certain that neither ammunition nor photo supplies will reach me in time for the cummer collecting trip. I will keep the films I have on hand, and very carefully take care of my ammunition. Just now I cannot forward the specimens on hand to Shanghai. I will hav them all ready to mail as soon as it is possible to do so. April 29. The reports on the street today are that fighting has ceased in 12 Szechuan at least temporerily. We hope the reports are true. For the first time in nearly five weeks foreign meil has arrived. There are several letters from the Smithsonian Institution. I expect to take the trip to Moupin this summer. This afternoon I went across the Yangtse Riverfooking for a field mouse which I caught sight of, but did not capture. I have set two traps. This mouse was yellow, and had a dark stripe down its spinal bone. April 30. No field mice were caught. The new netter Shiao is leaving tomorrow. I think it is as well, for 1 do not think he could make good. Io spent a lot of time on my accounts, and nearly have them straightened out. May 1. Filled box No. 279, Insects. . "6" 280, bird bones and insects. All these boxes have been wrapped and are ready for mailing. I have now secured bottles enough for the summer collecting trip. There is severe fighting in central Szechuan, with many wounded. ‘come of the wounded have arrived at Suifu. May 2. Packed box No. 281, insects. ae. n § 282, snakes. May 3. Took a trip to the nearby mountain to collect. Secured two birds, some good insects, and a snake. A leopard was killed on the mountain yesterday, but I did not gét to see it. I went to a cliff and by a rope let myself down to an old leopard hole, but there was no leopard. May 4. A collector went out to collect water insects, getting a few. May 5. It rained hard all day. Mey 8. A new collector started in today. He acts as though he wants to learn and to keep his job. I went out to show him how to net. I saw a white flycatcher. We secured some good insects. Mailed nineteen packages of speci- mens, one the largest I have ever sent, and several others large. Caught a snake. My netter worked all day solleotine insects. Worked on the Smithsonian accounts. May 9. I went out with the new netter, Huang, to give him some new in- structions. May 10. Netter Yuang brought in a few insects. <é May 11. Today I spent some time packing the first box for the summer trip. The new netter has a sore foot. May 12. The doctor found that the new netter has a bad case of syphilis, so I have paid him off end dropped him. I am sorry, for he seemed a likely person. May 13. Called a new man to learn collecting, nemed Lin. pent part of the afternoon and an hour efter dark teaching him. May 14. Cold and rainy 211 day. Spent much time fixing travel boxes etc. for the summer trip. : Chen Gih Uen brought in some specimens. The American Express Company reported that it sent a shipment of Specimens via the Suez canal. This might have been a typographical error. I wrote and urged that they send specimens by the speediest route, meaning the speedier route as between the Panama and the Suez Canal. They have sent a shipment by land across the United States. I am, therefore, telegraphing to send it by the Panama Canal. Mammal 258, mouse. | Avril 15. A cold, rainy day when nothing covld be collected. I took one anthropometrical measirement, and had the collector work on the travel-—boxes to be used this summer. Many of the ropes were worn out and had to be changed. Prepared some films for mailing to Dr. Wetmore. May 16. Today the weather cleared uo, and tomorrow the insects will be out. It is also rather warmer. Mailed some more films to Dr. Wetmore. May 17. Purchased four mammals, a mother and four pups, or kittens. Mammals No. 259-242. | May 18. At daylight I went to the mountains where a young leopard was trapved in a coal mine. I gave him three shots with the 45 revolve&, and one with the Newton high-power rifle. The first shot probably killed him. He was in too helpless a position to be exciting. Many visitors came to see the leopard. Mammal No. 243. : When farmers or hunters cooperate with you in getting a large mammal, they expect a big reward from you. Mey 19. Secured another mammal. Mammal No. 244. It is different from the one I secured on the seventeenth. May 20. Filled box No. 283, insects. Box No. 284, skeletons. Box 285, bones of young leopard. | Today the new netter, Lin, said that he could not collect regularly, but only occasionally. So I-am not counting on him as a regular collector. I have had a very hard time getting a third person to collect. May 21. Filled box 286, frogs. Box 287, insects and eels, box 288, frogs. Box 289, snake; box 290, shrimp; box 291, snakes; box 292, forgs; 293, insects; Box 294, insects. Secured mammal No. 245, @ young fox. 14 May 22. Filled box 295, snails. Box 296, clams, 297 frogs and insects. Purchased Mammal No. 246, May 22. I took one anthropological measurement. I spent some time wrapping and labelling boxes of specimens. I went to the postoffice to see if packages could get through to Shanghai. Just now they cannot. Filled box 297, bones of mammal specimens. May 23. Today I spent considerable time packing for the big summer trip and also drying the mammal skins over the stove. It takes care so as to et them dry, but not to scorch them. ‘Someone brought around a hive cub bear, very small, but it was probably of no special value. iy ve, ig 24. The day has been roasting hot. We have wrapned some of the packages to be ready for shipping. I took one anthropometrical measurement, and secured some insects. A bad accident has happened. The shutter on the Eastman kodak will not work. lI will have to send it to Shanghai to repair it, and it cannot get back by summer time. I will try my best to borrow an Ansco kodak from a friend at Kiating. It is the same size as the “mithsonian kodak. It would be very regrettable to take this summer triv without a kodak. May 26. Purchased a mammal. Mammal No. 247. May 28. I am having a very hard time to preserve the mammal skins we have secured recently. 1 am disanpointed a little. The skinner.evidently did not set some of the skins free of fat, and the fat has done harm. The skins are preserved as round, not as flat skins. The leopard skin is decaying around two of the feet. This skin should have been a flat skin, with the bones cleaned and laid bare. We will try to do better work in the future, and to learn from this experience. The ears should have been fastened down as they dried. I am very much disappointed with this leopard skih, and am tempted not to send it,but we will Learn from this experience. It will help us avoid spoiling more important skins that we may se- cure next summer. We have had hard rain several days, but today the weather was clear. May 30. Filled box 298, mammal skins. May 31. I hardly dare hope that I have struck a streak of luck. A strong young man is trying the work of ohteee with the understanding that if he makes good, the job is permanent. He has gone off today to net water insects. I am sending a messenger to make sure Yang Fong Tsang is coming, and the former netter Ghen. I have hope that this summer will be one “of the most fruitful I have spent in detlavtine. about twice as fruitful as last summer. LT am very much disappointed wi ith some of the recent mammal skins. 15 + weather has been -so hot that there has been danger of the skins rotting in some place, as actually happened with the leopard skins. I dried them near the res and two of the skins were scorched and discolored above the nose. It looks as though all the mammal skins above the ordinary rabbit skin will have to be: Ghovervel | as flat skins. June lst. I went to the mountains to train theeoolie + that 1 hove will act as netter. Killed one bird. I am saving my ammunition for the Monpin trip. 4 very hot day. * June &. Today was a busy day. I delivered two addresses. I gave the new netter some instructions and he went netting, this afternoon. War has broken out in Szechuan again. Boats are being commandeered, June 3rd. Packed box no. 299, mammal skins. The new netter, Lai, worked all day catching insects. “orked a little getting ready for the summer excursion. June 4th. Packed box 500, insects. Received two letters from Dr. Wetmore. Did considerable packing for the summer trip. It rained all last night and most of today. June 5th. Filled box No. 301, fish and one snake. Mailed 17 packages of specimens. June 6th. I spent some time packing today. There was a long committee meeting that took considerable time. LT am tetiains high hopes for the Moupin trip, but today some bad luck showed its face. I sent a messenger a few days ago to bring in my aborigine hunter, Yang Fong Tsang. Today he returned. A large band of robbers is operating on the Yunnan border between the home of Yang Fong Tsang and Suifu, They have looted several small towns. There is war between them and the militia. The messenger was unable to get to Yang Fong Tsang, and the latter may not get to Suifu for the Moupin trip. | | Another indication of bad luck is that there is draught at Kiating and at Yachow, which has doubled the price of rice. This will mean that some of our expenses are higher this summer. We will be disappointed if Yang Fong Tsang is not with us on the Moupin trip. We need him badly. He will be safe where he is, let there are caves to hide in where an enemy hardly dares to draw near, but we may have to make the trip without + 2 OAM e June 7. Chen Gih Uen, the old netter, came in with six bottles of frogs, a arge weasel, Mammal No. 248, six small bottles, and three boxes of insects, Box Received letters from Dr. Wetmore and Dr. Schauss. June 10. To my joy Yang Fong Tsang arrived today, with six boxes of insects, and a good number of snakes. He got a few mammals and birds, but this time he specialized in insects. We will have all the old collectors back again, and in addition a carpenter with a Chinese rifle, and a new netter whom I am training. 16 be the largest number of collectors that I have had on one trip. nammals include nos. 249-254. There were ten bird skeletons. Filled box 505 skeletoia: box 506, insects, box 307 mammal skins. 3 bi 3 e June 10. Filled box Sll insects, $12 snakes, ee i i ie is _ ay se ae : -* “a Filled and wrepped boxes repared ni voxes of cimens for 4 os 7 oo, 2 IEE a. ee page ue a os mvs os 2. hipping, and took care of othe: specimens that w e pickle in formalin until next fall. L am now reckoning and be nn. , 2 ym wt. & , ; aborigine hunter until en * June ll. Mailed nine packages of specimens, all that have been packed, and the. 4 Last petore the summer excursion. There were a fey eige s Pete a snakes opent mos’ ne day packing with the help of Yang Fong oS new Peeler Rie iversd an address in the church. I found fficient number of oilcloths to cover the boxes, so ano am rapidly making more oilchoths. ¢ he sak s uiked” valley between I and Meng ele or cis Kuli ike, which is really the great Moupin district, That will sive me about twenty-five days, the longest time I have spent collect— ing, + think, at any one place. I-have very high hopes of making this the most fruitful colle eting trip that I have yet taken. I have five collectors helping me instead of three. One of these is an old friend of mine who is a carpenter. He makes boxes very rapidly, and will make boxes as we need them. He also has a rifle, and will hunt and trap, and help in any way needed. I am taking a larger collecting outfit than on any previous trip. Months ago I sent to the Eastman Kodak Company, at Shanghai for have not yet reached me. I'll have some sent to my by mail. LT am short of ammunition, for > Sheits sent by the Smithsonian Ins stitution are still at Shanghai. I will not ; ne til a friend comes along who is wiliiue to bring them along with him. I wi! my ammunition and do practically no shooting until we reach the Mouvin district ¢ I use up all my ammunition in the Moupin District, I will think that that is the wisest use to make of it. I will try not to neglect any of the ordi nary lines of collecting. Among other things, I will keep my eyes and ears open for white bear, golden—haired monkey, white leopard. luable as or Wetmore i hays nd an expe discontinue while specimens in these worth—¥ more careful 5 a 4 ' Next vear I hope ie an i —_ op pe iIriena, mre Lagar, Tn - q the reply has 7 ‘ packing More to take an excursion F ReGen not yet been received. small, unknown specimen Of eourse 1 Imow that some above, not financially, but: ey | Ju, ae % valuable than any of the not to do | Of 103 athe gh i w oe Gallery. doing, ce ‘ lh ik es hu : said at he wishes £ rs fu, ant, ; ; nob expens Ee d that are huan. artiracts at are or tt pologists. future than in hed Lj 14 en tO tone anver. — me A friend has recommended be xr of Tibet with > an Vs Re G. fo: bd been packin fane Fong 7 pack and Ineident re al — in & a very busy day. I pr rig ‘eo collectors e meetings “— so ‘ ey * L will mail th: ogin diary number seven, I am not taking where I can do ne . deeelles ee a rtifacts, = purchase few very a} OL TIT have tried to have “| ® none included in ™ 4. w see to reaso securing biological all expe the summer oe ale : ee . Uil€ oe eut down ex— +4 7 wt 4 results imens collected. ay tT ; GY bf ¥ expense accounts this summer fags price at Yachow and scout y at Moupin. I will aa ft ee » he spending most of the money on the actual on eae i e Sil in & specimens. % - David C. Grahan, Suifu, Szechuan China so there would be Sia? wine to date accounted for, ng trip. na