£4 DUTCH AND ENGLISH ON THE HUDSON

dauntless courage defended them even unto death.
This may not be a romantic presentation of the
forefathers and foremothers of the State, but it
bears the marks of truth and shows us a stalwart
race strong to hold their own in the struggle for
existence and in the establishment of a perma-
nent community.

From the time of the founding of settlements,
outward-bound ships from the Netherlands brought
supplies for the colonists and carried back car-
goes of furs, tobacco, and maize. In April, 1625,
there was shipped to the new settlements a
valuable load made up of one hundred and three
head of live stock — stallions, mares, bulls, and
cows — besides hogs and sheep, all distributed
in two ships with a third vessel as convoy. The
chronicler, Nicholaes Janszoon Van Wassenaer,
gives a detailed account of their disposal which
illustrates the traditional Dutch orderliness and
cleanliness. He tells us that each animal had its
own stall, and that the floor of each stall was
covered with three feet of sand, which served as
ballast for the ship. Each animal also had its re-
spective servant, who knew what his reward was
to be if he delivered his charge alive. Beneath the
cattle-deck were stowed three hundred tuns of