DOMINES AND SCHOOL-TEACHERS 85

Moravians, and Anabaptists lived unmolested in
New Netherland till the coming of Director
Peter Stuyvesant in 1647.

The religious tyranny which marked Stuyve-
sant's rule must be set down to his personal dis-
credit, for almost every instance of persecution
was met by protest from the settlers themselves,
including his coreligionists. He deported to Hol-
land a Lutheran preacher; he revived and enforced
a dormant rule of the West India Company which
forbade the establishment of any church other
than the Dutch Reformed; and he imprisoned
parents who refused to have their children bap-
tized in that faith. But it was in his dealings with
the Quakers that his bigotry showed itself in its
most despotic form. Robert Hodgson, a young
Quaker, was arrested in Hempstead, Long Island,
and was brought to New Amsterdam. After he
had been kept in prison for several days, the
magistrate condemned him either to pay a fine of
a hundred guilders or to work with a wheelbarrow
for two years in company with negroes. He de-
clined to do either. After two or three days he was
whipped on his bare back and warned that the
punishment would be repeated if he persisted in
his obstinacy. This treatment is recorded by the