180 DUTCH AND ENGLISH ON THE HUDSON

against Canada caused such, indignation that he
was withdrawn and Robert Hunter became Gover-
nor in 1710. Although of humble Scotch parentage
he had risen to prominence in English society,
numbering Swift and Addison among his friends
and being married to Lady Hay, whose influence
had procured for him successive positions of im-
portance which culminated in this appointment.

With a view to encouraging the production of
naval stores and obtaining a profit for the English
Government, Hunter brought over at the expense
of the Crown several thousand Palatines, German
inhabitants of the Rhine valley harried by the
French, thereby adding another alien element to
the cosmopolitan population. The British Govern-
ment appropriated the sum of £10,000 for the
project and agreed not only to transport the emi-
grants but to maintain them for a time in return
for their labor. These Palatines settled on both
banks of the Hudson in four villages on lands
belonging to Robert Livingston, and in three on
those belonging to the Crown and situated on the
west side of the river.

Authorities differ so widely in respect to the
treatment of these German immigrants that it
seems only fair to present both sides. One shows