Ecologically Significant

Wetlands in the

North Fork Flathead River

Watershed

Prepared for me

Montana Department or

Environmental Qualily

Stephen Cooper, Jack Greenlee
and Catherine Jean

June, 2000

M O ^ - A HA

Natuial Heritage
Program

Ecologically Significant

Wetlands in the

Nortli Fork Flathead River

Watershed

DcparlinciH of EnviranmcnlBl Qualily

by
Slcphcu Cddjicf, JickGECcnlci; ind Calhccini; ian

Mo n Hub Nslun] Hccilsgc Pcugcam

MonliuB Si ale Librsrv

P.O. Bifx20ISlX»

Hclcnj, MonlBna W620-ISm

■MOO Monlana Nilural HcrilBgr FrugTim

This ilIoc umcnl !i ho u Id be cilcd as follows:

Cooper. S V, J GrccnLcc and C. Jcin. 2000 Ecolo^lcalLy flgniCicinl ivclland^ in ihcNorlh Port
FlBlhcanl R Lvcc u' alL'ishcil. Repocl lo Ih? Monlina DrpanmrnloFEuviioniniziilBl Qualily.
ManlanaNalucaL Hiriilaf? Pcognm, Hirlizna. 31 pp plus ap pcndiccv

Executive Summary

TliL' MoiHini Nalural Hcrila^c Pro^Tim
IMTNHPJ, Lnpinner.hipv^ilh IbicMonlBUB
Dc[i arLmcnl d£ Envi ronmenlil Q uaLHy, hiscom-
plfloL in Invcnlory Id LdcnlLfy, dch. umcnl Hnd
cvbIubH Ihc divcisi ly, mlc^nly b iid si^niric incc of
u'cllBiHt In IhcNorlh Foit Fl bI he Bd River u'alcr-
^tielin nj n hu'«ilcrn Monlina. ThlikUvrh bulLd^
on prevlDiCi ivBlciiihcd i n^ eulorie'v anildcalCk a
coitviMcnl Bnd cu mprcheitii^ e souit c of ivelLand

I nformallitn fonmng b bisis fo r cffcclive ly prion-

I I zln^ u'cll BiHfci fo c piu let Ijou, millgaliDJi and

TCklDCallDIl

Tucnly-fourivLgnifieanl ivel I aiuk * ere ulenli-
fied and 1 n> cnliirLcd Ln 199^. Inilial * el I amil ^cle^.-
( lo n cnle n a ucrc Ihr absence d£ signi Fie anl hydro-
logical modi Fie allonind Ihc presence of ml be I
reprcseulilive hiIivl' plinl co[ii[iiiiiillie<, oul'lind i n^
u' ildllfe V B I ue-k or rare plani ind animil 'ipccicv
I iii]>i>clanl soun.es for Idc bI i n^ 'vigni Cie ani we ll and&
ucrc liicil cfLpcjl oplnkm, Nilioml Welland Inven-
lory map' ind BcnaL p holograp hs Wcga^e loivcr
pereuniilnvenue and dcp ressiouil well b nds on
pnvile I amiliv f IV Bicc allenllon bee aiLie of ihc
polcnlial fordcvclopmenl. Wcllin* were mvcnlo-
ned itvi ng 'viand and hcnli^i: pcogrim melhodolDg}'
lo assesiv SI Ic coihJ I lion ^alilogcommunily lypeb
anddocumeul itic plani amil lulinil occiincn^es.
The Invcnioned irei'v are suininijiied in Icn
udl B nd 'lie dL"l^. rip lion.4. A I l^^o'lles eluslci^of
ikCpacalL' i^ellindf i^ere giouped Inio AcllaiuLl
complejLCifDrrcpojling purposes Eaehivile u'as
e^ Bluiled foc^lgniCieanec iLiing Ihc Collou'ing
faclonv piCL'rice of rare plani or bhIhibI specl&vor
uiKoninion mlural > cgclil ion lypcs IheduenvilyoF
vegclilionlype'v, Ihc^ondilionorfunelionBl i merrily
of Ihc well and, Ihc landscape ^onlcil and Ihc size
of Lhc jFelland.

The NoclhFork has ibundaul i^elLand bihI
rip an an habilal and si a iids oul as hiving I he leasl
impaclcd uclLind and ci p aci an 'vyilems among Ihc
FLilhcad River walcisheds Ihal have been Invcnm-
ned by Ihc MTWHP lodalc. Rivcnnc anddcpira-

BuiDil ivclLind'i arc Ihe inosi w ukspreid w ell and
lyppEdue lo piEV loit^laci alio n, high prcdpilallon
and I he develop mcnl □rflo[>dplalii landFonm along
Ihe nvcrcomdar. These syslcm' arc import anI fiir
livo ihrealcned spcclcv, gri^/ly bctriU/mi ir/iim
hiir"bii\s) and a ivvidcnl pop ul alion of b uU Iroul
(SuSvetimis t-o'ijfiieii "ti).

Tcpec Lake Complex, Mud Late CompJCH uid

Hay C ree k-Wonh Fork Floodp I am well Bint
rcprc'cnl Ihc moiil ccoLogie ally si^nlfic anI 'vile'v
mvcnloncd in Ihc NorlhFork. These si lesconlam
aiomplci of physical Ccalures ivhlchconlnbulc lo
an oiil'vland I nf divenlly of plaul communilies ihil
arc mcxccilciilcorulilion Wc ulrn. iimenled a
sizeable uncommon pcallindcoiniiiumly domi-
nalcd by mudsciLlgc [Ct//c\ lifPt/st/i and cxcclienl
examples of a common can lype, Diummond's
*illow / beaked ned^e ISt/l/\ dwrttnomhi'i'it /
C!'i€\ iili-nuiiiiii) Shrubland. Rare plani 'kpcdc'v
Found allhcvc 'vile'v include Huilsi>n's E ay bul rush
{Sii'iMis liuilsofiirmi^t. EnglKh sundc* [Dfiiem
uiigliiii) and slender collongrasi t_E'iiij?hiiniti\
graalei- Three rare moisc *crc also dacu-
menled Schnau.' C reek Coal Creek-No nh Fork
Floodplam arul Coal CreckComplcx have very hi^h
m^ulficancediiclo Itici r large size and hi^hdivcrsily
o F well and habil Bis u' hie h inclmile bl ac k co llo nu'ood
tfi'i'i/lui hatiiitiujefi' spp /"ffiaft/rini] forc^l
communilies a long Icjiaccv and flood pi ains adjacenl
lo Ihe river Nearby land u.se aclivilies and pres-
ence of no mdus wee* al livo of Ihce SI les reduce
Ihc slgniFicance ranks fro m oul?i1 andiug lo a rank of
very high significance The remaining Foufviles are
ranked as hif hlysi^nifu-anlor modcralelysif nifi-
canl. These siles are all m eiccllenl londilion and
have no noxioit u'eedi AbbollsFlal Hay Creek
Pen and Red MeadoA Lake arc smaller insi/e u'llh
fcA er u'cll and fealurcv The u'ellartiti al Cyclone
Lake CO nsisl of a narroiv fringe around ihe pertm-
eleroF Ihe lake In all four of Ihese siles Ihe lack
oFdiveisc well and Fcalurcs resull in a less diverse
biol le enviioruneul and mfliierkc Ihc o ^ erall 'vignifi-
came rank

WclLind'; in IbicNurlh Foit arc Ibirc b Icnciil by
liK icaiiCiLl rccrc B Liu n b1 ami hi>[Lsiiig dc vcIo pmcnl ,
liHD[ii[i alible land uhc bc li i' i Hcv iikI Ihe ^kpicad of
noxiDiCi u'Cfds. Pojlunalely miny uppurluulliea
fkUvl Id cawbcne ind piolecl uclliniti In Itic
lyBlcrihrd Leaving 1 argcr U m bcr hinc^l bufCciy
■ni und iv? lland^ and fo I Ioa lug bcM [nanagcmcnl
praclic;? ^ uidcl i ncv cd uld niiligalc tiyd[Dlaf.ic
changes and ccilIuc? [lolciiliil in[i ul:^ of imlimeiil'v
Conlml of nonQUi went and picvc nl lo n of new
InCcil alLDni u'ould piD IccI Ihiz Lnlcgri ly d£ Ibic
nalucalplinlcommunilicv Since Ihc^e impomul
5ile?i arcundermlxnlDAnc[?ihip,CDn^en'aliDn'Alll
icqu I rc cdLI b borall> c cCfoil'v bclu'ccn pn v ale
panirik, lind IhbiH and public Bf cncies.

ThLk projec I CDinpLrles Dur TiiM inland
mvciUprj' In I he Narlh Port "■ alcrihcd. \llhough
ihc prajccl 1^ mcanl li> be comprcbicnsiv c, Ihcrc arc
a number of well ands in Itic Ailcrihcd Itial we ir
no! surveyed b:^ pan of Ihis luvcnlary projetl.
Since *c foe used, "■ biere pnssibLe, on lirge, fairly
diikCiclr 1^ e ll andi, iiime lypeiof well and^, espe-
cially smill necps ind ivp n ngs ucre under-empha-
Bizeddunng Ibie in'Feiilorj' We did nolin>enlory
privale properly *llhoul permission nordidu'c
consider signifieani wrilands inside GLicier
Nallonal Park as Ihcse well ands are ilreanly in
highly prolccled slalus A'opparliinilics pitHcnl
liii: mselv es or as resources became available,
addlliom] lnvenlory may be iv a muled.

Contents

liriroduiliDn 1

Study Atea 4

Melhods 7

Id cnlilyiii^ And Sf ki Li IK ^^ Ll I jnds K<hr I nvtiUorj T

[laid t'DlfcrlLoTi T

Dala M!iib4^[iinil _S

'naxDiiomic CDiddiialLciTK _ 9

Ranliliq-OfCainnunlllHAnd^lln 9

OLKHiindinp signiHoiiiitc 10

Vcr, li 1= h ^[|;nilicj[in'L' 10

H [eI 'vJ&njfLCJiu:'^ 10

Mixli'mcL" 'v]=ii I fiLiiicc II

Hsults And Discuson IZ

L'lunni unilLts 11

Fon:< iind sixjJLind vcgelsilipn D

Scnib-'Jir«b v^gcUion 15

EnicrEcai ( liL'rIiiccousj ve^'^!" '"n 15

Aqiju; hnl ■ejajiiin IG

FbnlSprcJGOrSpnlaLCoiirrrii Iti

Anlni dl Spfc lfs<l F J^|wr laL Ginctrn Ift

{fonscr^'^liDn P rJDrlllH For KcDlDigcaUj £l|^[iJILcanl Wnbnda IS

Wei liiwl'i oF OuE'Oiiidiii^ Sign ifLCdncc S

V<:j> lnghsL^nifiiniiiCL' 22

H L£li ■jgnifLCJiiic 22

H ale [in c ij 3 n I Tic ill lie 22

^ilkinds iii»l ini EJilitned 21

Kowl'hl'^lnlDniialiaiiCanBELlEcd 21

rjljn:NEalE 11

HowlbRoiDcflAddLlhtreJInEitcndlhtn 21

AdaioAledgemoits 2G

R^asices 27

Aiqioirfix A: Globd aid dd^roikguiddines 3Z

Appaidix B: Wdlaitf CDmrrunily type dorriptions 34

App^dix C: Wdlaid dte description 89

Appaidix □: Wder^iais wHti high biodivasty vdue 112

111

I ntroducHon

A

£ IK' accncjs of Ihc c; um u] B iLvc lo^ hihI
ilIbhib^c Ii> ^^cllandsin Worth ^irnznc a hiiv

^n>*n. si> haiv an increased a^Mrcncs.'ul Ihc
I m ppMincc ul i^clLind izco'vyilizni'v Thliv rcco^ni-
lion has expanded Dp pojlunHic li> pitvcnl -i^cl-
land los^ and impn^ve Ihr quality o I remiiulng
v^cllBiHt. [nvcnlorj' piovidci animporlinl Ucl
sicp Kjuiinl coiticrv mg well B nds aCfcrmg Ihe
mearL'v lo ideulify and pmlcci iJie inu&l biuLagic; aLI>
SLgiiLCLCiiil A rl I and SI Ic^

In 1^8 Ihc Monlim NBluril Hcnlagc Pnj-
frim fMTWHPf, m pirlnciship *llh Ihr Monlana
DcpanmcnlDCEuvLnfninizulB] Quill ly bc^ini
sy^lcrriBlLC ceaLogn; al ^^cllanul lnvcnlory In iden-
tify, dih. umcnl and evaluate Ihcdivcnvily, Lnlegnly
andMfulflcanccDrMonlanau'cllBnds. The f ml
phase I nc] uded inveulnr^' in Ihe SIiILivbIcc. Sv^an
and FlBlbiead Lake ivBleiyhcd'i Ihosc ifvul Is ivcrc
sum m ai I ^cd in i L9*l rcporl by Greenlee ThU
re]>arl 'ummarL/cs reivullsDC similar lnvcnloiy
WDiklorlhe NorlbiFurk Flalbiead Piveru'ilePihed,
simply referred Id as Ihe Norlbi Fork. Tbic Nonh
Fork ^^ellamil lnvcnlury bui Ids o n our prcv lo uiv
inveulonesin Ihe Su'an Slillu'aler amil Plalhcad
Lahe u'alcished'i ind c;oiilnbiile'v lu ouc overall
umkiyl B ndiug of A ell and biolu^iealdi^envily in
the grciler PI altie ad 'vyslem. Figure I dKplays Ihc
Blilu'iDf MTWHP * ell ami mvcnlonca in Ibie
gjcjlcr Flalhcad River * »le nvbied.

The NarlhFork has ibumilBiil i^elland bihI
n pan an habililduc lu picv m uiv ^ 1 a^ iiliou, tii^h
precipilallon and Ihcdevelopmenlof floodplain
landfarms alan^ Ihe NorlhFork Flalbiead Pl>er.
The lin]>{nlanie o I Ihene v^cll a nds his long been
recognized both lihilly ind regionally. The
Fliihe ad d rai nage 'vuppncls one of Ihc gre alesl ind
mosi dive nic c(j nee nl ral nj niv of ^^ ell aiul'v in ihe
RiKhy Mounlalrei, Including peillands i>iboiy
ponds, sprin^'v and seepiv, ^.ol^plexe'v of polhole
pomb, vemil pools, and beavec pandit In Ihc
Nonh Fork, nvenne ind depics'lonal ^^elland.'i are
ihe mosl "■ idespicid well I lid lypesdue loglacla-
lion ind lluvlal pioccsses.

The Hen ligc Pragram lnvcnlory uscv slindard
melhods bolh k> idenliCy ecologically significani
ivelland' al a Ailenvtied ncale ind lo pnonllze
Iheir imporlaneefor v^cllandeonscn'allon ThK
ippco ae h consldeis builDgi^ al ^ompo'vilion and
condilion as a el I as Ihc f uncliouil jnle^iily dF
we Hand ivileiv v^ilh ccspecl lo hydiolofy and
lamfcicape selling. The i:i>n4ervalion flgnific ance
dC a u'ellind is evaluiled againsl olher a el I amil
silesu'ilhin Itie v^ aleished ind Ihe relaliveslgnifi-
ciDce of u' aleisheds c an bccvaLualcd

The in'Fenlorj' ^oil K lo pioduce i canhLivleiil
ind comprehensive source of * ell and ln£o million
lo help cnivure Ihil proles lion, millgilion, amil
resloralion efforbi liigel Ihc Cull range o I ucllind
divctsily including IhoHC well ands I h a I arc oul-
slaiuling, irteplaieiblc.oriyhichcDnlribulc moiil
Id * ilenvhed I niegn ly ll provides local laiuloivn-
ers counly plinrtcis lirtd I ruivls , canservalion
dislciels gtjvemmeni agencies ind olheisu'ilh
iccesslo reliable I nfnrmallon on Ihcdivenvily of
ivelland lypes I heir local ion ind relallvesi^nlfl-
cince. This ere ale' a b asK for eCFec lively pnoiilii-
inguielland p rolec lion ind resli>rallDn ef Forliv

This lnvcnlory did nol irh. ludc well ands u' i Ihin
□lazier Nilionil Park. Since i^ellind resources
ivilhinlhe pirt enjoy Ihc highcil level o£ prolcc-
lion, we dee idcd lo foi u' ^. urre nl invenloty ivoit
on uclliiHt oubiidc Ihe Park, even Ihou^h Ihc
Park's ivellandsconnbulesi^nlficanlly lo Ihc
overall importance of Ihe Nonh Fort waleished.
Two sources provide infonnilion on Acdand
locilion'v, bul nol ihe biologieil significance of
ive Hands *llhin Ihe park ihe FWS Nalionil
Well and lnvcnlory mapiv and a ■cgelalion map
currenlly being co mple led by Ihe Biological
Resource Division o£ ihe U S Geological Survey
{USG3J. Our invenlory ivoit is iIho incomplele
lOrpnvale lands inhere in some cases *e ivcre
unable Id obliln permisivion For accesik

The well I nd SI les examined inlhis invenlory
fall u'llhin Ihe u'cll and defi ni lion used by
Cowaidinel iJ Ll?79) because Ihey all had al

FifuiE L EliLL&oFMDnlinH Nilunl Hcnl Df c PiDgram mrll d nil invcnlory tnlhc Fl jEIkmI W alcrvbuzd.

DpsnagB^ mi yei InuFinTivlsrr

MlbCLE n^k llATUt^n

, CbIIhhII ^ ^

, v~- '> "^

Kfl-tll KIRK H.'TIIE\D

WTbHP .lijiv 1? 2lVI[>

IcaM Dnccif Ihc Collou'lng allnbulc^ hydrophylic
^c^clBliun hydrii: SOI Iji, and/or * cI I and hydinLogy.
This dcf I n I ILDO ] nc I [ulcv riparian arcBi, v^cl
mcBdoiyv, and mz mil pools Wi^lland Hrminologj'
in diii rcpDJl folLo*'i Ibic dcfinllio n't ^c1 fonhin
our 1999 icponou Ihe Fl al he anl Walcrihcd, and
ihcy tre [irovidcd again hrrc Corclanly (Grccnlcc
1999).

'Marshra ai? ^ica^ionilly lo pcrmincnlly
Hooded well amb domlnHcd bj emergen! bicr-
baccoiEi vcgclalLO n. M irihcs gcncrilly fonn o n
mincrat hmI, bula>mc peal ace umul alio n can
CMC ur bcc aitic of Ihe Ircmcruloit producliMly
of marsh vz^clalion, a snamp differs liom i
marihonly m Ihil iyi>iid> planl inr tkimmanl.
Inconlrasl pcaltindE air a el lands Itial ae^u-
mul ale pcil, o r pam al I y dcjio iTi]>r>scd pi ani mai-
ler AIL I he pL'alland'v in Monlana are
(icrb-domlnalcd fens or ivli rub -do mi na led
[:Brr^ whose w aler soun c is picdij mi n a nl ly

giDiind* lie r I hal hiii been i n conlaci w i Ibi m i n-
cial HDil (eonHcque nl ly high In nulrienlsj, as
opposed lo l»EE ivhosc w aler source is pre-
dominanlly preeipilalion |hcnce nulrienl piur).
Flnnslically bogh Icrhd lo be moie impover-
ished Ihan fens The shrub-nlom I nalcd pe all aixis
|carnv| »rc somen mes beivl developed in Ihe
lH£En i>t mo a I- 1 1 be ri ng HO me li ni;^ I ouiid as Ihe
oulerinar^inorihepeallaniLl. Scd^e ntEBdowB
oceur lnshillou' basim ind have hmiled [ical
developmeni beiause Ihcj itually dry do*ii
for pan of Ihe flowing season In Monlina,
Ihcy are Irequenlly dommaled by Ciiie\
limi?<.iifj?ii Islendersedgef, *hieh K also com-
mon In fens. The terms Ebpe rherlne de-
pre^donal aixl bcuEtrlnefrliiEE Aellarxt ire
all u^ed asderined by Smilh el al ll995> ~

study Area

The Nanh F^ik Fill hf ad ivBlcnheil lb locilrd
in [Lonhu'cM MdiiIiiii jFlgucc H imlikaLltii-
nHlcm B niLkbi CoLumb I D. C inad^ Th? C anadi jib
rcEcr Ip lliis area aplhi? Flalheid Valley. Tbic
i*nlci5hc<] licpnilbim Xiinliizm Ruckica SccliPnciE
IhcNonhcm Rocky M o unl i] as S Irppc-Com £c iduh
FdicsI- A LpiiH Mcadnw Pm^jncf fM J3J. Billc)
l^95r and IS spLiI iki vh'n I he mjddlf jnlQ Ihf
Wbiilcrth/Si^Bn MiiunlDLit, & ufccc lion <M J33C b)
blhc weal ind Ehc L iv i ngMon M ounLu il> Eubscc-
Udd fM33ICa| IQ ihc cb.\I (Nc^^acl il. 1917).
ThcLiSGS4"'C[nlehjdjDlcigii Unil numbrrb

I71}[020<i The JcnBl CKlenl Df Ific Nnnli Fnit
walcishcd in the U S. bi6l2JD0D acres.

The ^jDrrhFoit Flalheid Ri^eriikMluBled m i
deep, wide iTrnch belwcen two nonhiye'^r-SDUth-

coM iTTndinf maiinl ai n nufc^. The Li-ingiiUin
Rbh^ lies IQ I lie ea^l ind i^ [lacl of Ihe Cduli ne nl b I
Divulc [[iBlsepiriles Ihc Mls^h un I mm Ihe
Columhia Ri^ cr d ra i hd^c syvlems The Whileli^h
RflUfc lies Id ihe i^c$l. MDunlainelcvaliDrei icach
a,[)(K)lo mjHKifeel The valley flocril
Polebni^ hc& il 35bO Eec I cleviUun.

PigiuF 2. N onb Fa [t Fl Dihead w aLeis bed id Na clbwf^l M onl nni.

--- hvanurWI liiWmi

»^1 - fffllfifi 01*11

MTNI0', Kt*, I 7, ?in(l

BniDd icgLnnDl upliTl combLiteil hi'ilh EaulUng
bins rt^uLlfd in d bn>Ml nvi^ c biiii n. up la S milfs
uiide I n pi nccs. Tbic Norlh Fort mI Icy iv oi s^;ollrcd
b> ca nU [Lcnl dL ^] D^ Lf IS duel ng Ihiz Flc\flacenc.
Slucf ibc IT Lecal af Ihf f I acii^jH, villc}' boLIoma
hivf been Kubjec roJ lo hJIeividI [irTKi;'v^is, making
gUf I il cvLclc[u:c morr ^ubdueil. G I bc i al □ ulu' ash
drpiBilB rrh^dctcd ind nz-sdrled by glBriol incll-
*ircTundrjlie I hi! mijonly n E I hi? BnzB Flawing
ui iCf T f cncn Led f]DiNl[i I aiiti ind Lcitbccs idjiccnl
Id Ihf rJonh Fork R Ivcr and lis LnbnlacLrs

Many Likes and hi' ell b nds u'e re foEiiicil by
flBCJjIly inElnenced iBndfonns lihe keltic poivt-
Irrciled by imz I ling jccb Inc; ksj duLi« ish pi bj fls.
and EcDlhill:* moraines IMl ind Hyndman 1^X6).
Alpine glBLicPi in Ihe higher mounlij ni fl anklng
ihc tjlley CTcaled U-shipcd valleys and cirque
b lEFiE. balli CDnducive b uicll uid dc\ i? lopmenL

ThecLmalcciflhciludy area Eciletti u
balance belu'een pacilic manlime inEluences and
dni^rcanlinenial an masses ^inleis iieciKii.
dandy, and ivel . ind summe [\ aic hi' aim and dry.
June ]* the v^clleNl single monlh fFi^ure If

CanlfeiDLB Eorcsl [lole nl i ally ca I'eis nearly ill
orihe uppeibSonh Fort driimge, aniv in iieaaar
lecenl bums or Limber h a n esL □ r ivi ihl n I he
compBculively limlled alpine and »clland eaviian-
menU does a ne find nuD-lcursled iiomniuni lies.
The LaaereleviliDnsin Ibesludy aici air pic-
dn m I nam 1} .sccal ca ni Fe r fDcesli dDimniled by
Dou^\us-ftr [Fvniif/liufti f iri-JEiu'ei^j >, ivesle m
IbtuIi tLit" • ticciiiiriiiiiUs) ind lodgepalc pine
(/■i FTJj' HmijJorTfr), a n Ihc a inncil ci posures
pandeii>!ia pine (Flii"i pfniSeroja^aa^te in
Impaclanl slind ciLimpn ne nl While pine H'mm
Fircvjn [Yj'ir t ^^is an impirclanKeri] conifer be Edit
■he idvcnlof ^^hile pine bh^lccnril | C^i'nu rPJirpir
nibica>aj.'Yhc mosl me^icaElhe loiter li> mid
elevBlinn£ire£ are polcniiilly dnminanlin gmnd
fir (.-Iftf ti if nrnJri), a ealern icd: edar ( r/udjO
pSititliii and Id a very limiled tilcnl u'csicm
bemlack tjiu^a lic-\e'iij?hylta). however, ihen: a a
sliong ilDchislLC CDm[iDnenL lo Itic dLUnbulion of
Ihebe me!iic I rec ikiiec le.i and Lhey are ofLen abbenl
fid m drainages a E II' a lecJieds IV he I? IhecLmiUc
CDniLirri>nE A'onJd fivDC 1 be ir piese ncc

FigmE 1. WiHerclimalcdiagiam iWillec \^1i\ Ecom Polebndge, Monlani. The diagonal snips on llic
loiver b ar iF[i rcsenl ihe^OSf pmbabilily Ihil I he lem peril ure ivill nml fill beloi* J2 5 F

POLEBRII>GE.Hr(l073m,'aBaJh> f3flD.'30l FJ (B50mm''Z2 I H liaiB- I99ffl

E

E

O

B
a.

- °-

- -30

-4D

Ddl^Jhs El r. lye^lizm I an bi. ]imI^c[id]c pine,
Bnf ? I maun spriKC [F/ccti fi£<^"iii'i"i\) and
aubilplue Cir i\b\i:j tii^'oci'iiii') arc ilIdiiiIiiiiiI al
niLd-cLcvalinitv ind I he lallcrlbirccvpceLCi wilh
Ihc add] Hon of v^ hilebirh pine tFimi^ itSbicaiiSii)
and 'vubslpme larch {Ltiiix S'-at>ii) arc dDininanI al
[he biif hcvl clevalinrei {Si meek and Ba^huinki
L995) Recenlly ivhilcbark pincvlind' have
undergone missive niurl b I lIv. whu. h "■ lII f busc
cc^l mcl uiiug of numeiDiCi hi^hsubilpine plinl
communings Of Ihc above lisled co nife mit Iree
ipecici, only En^elmann spruce or En^ elmann
^pnKe 1 u'hilciprucc [Fifeii Rlitmu] hybridi arc
Mrougly Biisoei aled v^ ilh a ell and comil] lions ar^l
p rc^ B Icnl uiUhm Ihc 1 andsc ape Weivlcrn rcAcdar
o Cicn [>ceiirs in i^ el I amil'v. bul has i very limiled
pcc^ence ivi Ihm IhLk hydroJogle unil.

Deciduous I rcc species, picdommanlfy biBck
CDHonuiaod ^Fuytitiis huisiurt/Je/ ti ti'ip

lufSinca'pa) and Id a limlled ekicnl quaking aspen
il'iij?iihii UemiiliiiiSfs). are promi nenl componenls
of CloodpLiln^alLcry forcsls, be a'F e r-gcrteraled
well B nds. irtd olher A el] and cnv I coumenls Bolh
spccie'i may range upslope, hou'cve r bLick co lion-
wood does so o nly ivheic subimgallon is presenl.
0£ Ihc Iwo fc/'jjJjj] species, il K much more
slion^ly iiKSOclBled ivilhinni'vl lo wclsoll moislure
regime'v

The largcsl landowner in Ihc waleished K ihe
Amcncin public The Ae'vlem'vLopeof Ihe
Livin^ivlon Range in GlacierNilionil Park is
managed by Ihe NBlional Park Service Ihc eiLslcm
flopcof Ihc WhilcCish Range K manBgcd by Ihc
FiBlhcBd rJalLonal Foresl. There are HcveraL
seel louiv of si ale land lUHUiged by Ihc Monlana
Dcparlmcniof Niluril Resources Co nnerv i lia n.
The Nojlh Fork is p arl of Ihe Fl bI he anl Wild fi
Scenic R Lver dcvLgnaled 1 n 1^76. Pnv»le iBnd is
couflitcd lo Ihe valley bolloni.

Methods

I daitilyngAndSdediing Wdlatds
Fcrl rTkHTtotY

ThL' p ri in. [p Lc ^. rUcn B for milLillyscLccling
¥^cl] B nil ^] Ic^ in Ihbi luvcnloiy ivcr? ecalagtcii
SLgm Clciucc and funclii^naL inlrgiily. Ouiprr-
IfivcnlDr^' cvBluBliancDreiiilcmJ Ahclhcr aivil? had
undcr^nne m ajo r hydinLDgn; or gcomprp hn.
mixlLni: Bl m FLiv, u' biclbici ] I hid inlacl icprc'enlilivc
nBlivcplBulmminunilLrsoriarcplBuloi anjinal
sprdcs, and AhclhL^r Ibi? 'ilchiduulslindLn^
u'lldllf? habilBl vilucv. Several sdufccn of Info r-
m B ILO n ivcrc coitvullcd In idcnlify well b nds for
field invcnlorj' EfLpcrl opinion' £roin locil
renouire mimgeri, field biolo^iivls bihI hydro Io-
gLivIs piovided Ihe be-il si le-spcci Fk informallnn
Biid mo'l p roml'vLn^ leads for Col low- up. En ill
neBrly Ihree doze n si les ucre idenlilied Ihraugh
public ind pnvaleseclor inlerviews. We bI^o
idenliCied pDlrnliBlLy imporliiil i^elland'i by
1 FLspec ling U SGS topographic quad mips ^JbIiohbI
Wellarul Invenlnry mips lenil pbiolographs Bnd
I he FlalhL'idNilioiiil Forcsl map. As previously
iiDlcil, wcllBni]& in Glacier NilionBl Park were ml
included in Ibie field mvcniiiry even Ibiougbiminy
Bre biolrtgicilly signilicani and would be iteful t\
reference SI les

Wl' Ihen pnorilijed Ihcsiles fo r invcnlo ry,
emphisizinglhc Coliowing

■ Liiger uclLindi ove r sm B I Ler well B nib

■ Si lea wi Ibioul geo morpbLie and/or hydrologic
modiliealLDn

■ InlacI native plant eommuniiie^, bolh in ttie
AellatuLl ind inlhesujiQundiug upliniti

■ h DDA n papul aiiDiis of TB re plants and animils

\Vc also ci>rL'idcr I'd I an^l.'l^. ape ^.olHc ;^l ind
m B n B^cniL'nt cnip h asLS Foreiample lower
percuniil nvcnnc atHLl tlep ressio n b I uctlBiHti ilong
the Nojlh Fort received greater [nvenlory atlen-
ban Ihiu upper perennial wetl a nds bee auhc of Ihc
poleulial iDrdevelopmeulon private Linds.

'^e Found fc^^ p re-existing irferrnces lo high
quality a el Iannis in Ihe watershed, exce pi for
McGec Meidow inGlicier ^Jatianal Pirt u'hieh
h>£bccn A ell documented a'l a 'iignific aul wet-
land however, uc c hoDse not to include Ihissrte
in the ranking list bee aune of iK ei isl i ng , highly
pro tec ted si atu.'i annl because we did not evaluate
any Dihcr *cllaruls wilhin the Pirk Where polen-
lial in^enlory ^ile^ *ere partly or * holly inpiivile
ownership, we requested landowner permission
lor access Incases where permission ^ms denied,
the^iite A IS dropped from Ihe prion ty lisl In the
course of I he 199^ Tield se ason 24 individuil
wetlinds *cre inventoried al len sites [presented
in Table 5j Two iiles. Tepee Like arul Mud Like,
coreiisted of lightly gnjuped although spatiilly
sep a ra te well ands u'hich we c hose lo c al I a
wetlandcomplc* We Found four wetlands too
small, degrided, or licking in Irue * el I arul charac-
Icnslics to meelourcritena for eculo^calsignLn-
cincc.

Dd:aCollelion

W

'iIjiJi I rrriirr'f'dlini' ilr lii i rr
1^1 nil- iliti iri i rfkii i lg^i li

ii'ME Eilr II I Jilii I nil lu- II

iiilf Ijp ri III
dirii MliM' pill! ill 1111 il^inrrri^iL
jB I ii[ rri I rl il I m I S p eeiIie i 11^ r r il-
l:i pl:d Ik r ill ik ri if k ill r Mind p In! : 1 1 ■ i-
iili'Liliil [irii Liir iiEipli k'l' rrMMlH if
irf| r I If I iririiilil liiJgi i'\ prri iliiii ■ '
iilH dii nil! iirii'i II Mil Eifiiii I id'
irilii rilii Hie a I ikririii^ii .ir'n:i iid
Mill I I'd III iriri^r ilmk iii i lulf T :
iIileiIieJ 'Ilk iilliiJ pliilici I iiiM lEiij
] mil M il |M m iti iLEiLEii Ik : i^ii iliti 1 1

M>k Ell I llllr.llllllll| friEIKIflEEIIII

ip"iiE.Miiii(i a I Ii>;ei[ kii i icLiig ii

ri||iif piiEiiiigliililiE diliE iiffip.iiJ
I till r 1^1 rrp kit iii k ji ru Ig^ ii i i J iIiiiIidi l. ie
I i\\ IE iriEiiE' fl iN grir Ik (iijiIiiie ii
ii riLli difil 1 1 Elii J ii; r I'M ii Mi itii

aclivily ForpLinlcommunllic^ mil prcviouily
dc^cnbizd in hiitcn el il. { L 995| or ivhlch *crc
deemed u IK Dm mo u, '^r caLlrcle^ldclBilelplQl
dali.

A I nchMlccLrvaliitn, 3^pecl slope ind Ibic
biyiHragconiDrp hic |liGM)cLasi and subcl Bii
iSmllhclil 1995) *cjr noKd. a'vU'cmhe
Cou' anili n syslcm/subsyvlcm, c I asivVsubcl aivTi , aiul
hydinLogic regime {Cou'anilin cl il. L974| Wc alsn
ictordcd oCfivHc landitcv and spoke lo landD*n-
cis/ m Bnigcis ibnul 1 annluse hi'^eir/ i^hcnevcr
possible A c umfty scar^. h for rirc planis ivb'
conduclcd d unng Ibic "■ aLUbirou^h i>£ iz ac; bi
ft ell and. Btyopbiylcs ivcrc collcc; led al afiz* '>Hc^
and idcnIiFicd byJ.C EIIloII.

MonlanaNalural ncriligc FiD^rBin znolo^i'K
comLluclcd faunal suhf cyv of sclc^; led uicll b nds
These iiurvcys I1kll4scilI on animal groups Ibial arc
rcolDgidlly imporlanl mucllimti, bul incon-
aplcuoici and ik>I aell dn<.umcnled Znological
surveys enip h aivi/ed amp hibl b niv andsnailiv

This Invcnlo ry dijcs nol dclmcalcjurisdlc-
llonal ivelland'i nor is I he luvcnlaiy i forinBl
ftizllaniil fuiiclLDnal asscsmcnl Hcrilagc Progjim
ccifLogisIs d id itic Ivio rcgmnaL HGM models
developed by rccanbicr* al Ihe Fl bI he anl Like
HiologicaL SiBlion {Hauciel al. L994,HaLier
L995) Fo r iitlance, alsiimesilcs ive mcaivured Ihc
deplhof lADiiiLl honiois. Ihc O honzon and A
honzon, i n ho me pi bhI eammuni lies This>iriible
IS measured m Ihe mleimonlanc ]>nlhole MGM
model, Il rep rcscnis I he long-lcrm ivliirc of nulri-
cnEin ihesoil and tc^ as hu indci oflhe^hara^-
Icnslic dctamposcr communi ly I n Ihe a el I and
(Kiuerel al. L99fl| Thiiv amil Dlhei soil dali ivis
gathered for ho me u'ell aniti.

half of ihe luvenloried u'ell and slles Included

Limt umiler p n V ale ou' ne rnhi p LBndjwneis ft en:
conlacied Co r peimission lo gnu aeeess lo Iheir
piopeTly prior Id sile visils. Users of Ihiiv rcpoM
should nole Ihil Ihry liio.u'ould need looblain
liudLiv^ ncr pennis!iian befoic cnleri ng privalc
Liud<..

DdiaMaiaganoTl

T

1:1 otiitj *i Ki:i.3 Miii'r Fiii^ii

iiii.n I'll \' }'.i •: i lUk je: !••• il' fir
Ik r 1 1 II ! ilk'i'd II Ik : ■ riliii ii r' iliri ( 1 1 -
I I LI r plol records commLinily lud specie'^
DccurETBce records slle recoRt and commumly

dbslracU Welliudcommunjly pLul mfurmalLon
fi c .specieseomposLlion, cover and cuviionmeu-
laLdali) ftisenlcred lulo a database slrucluralLy
^ery similar lo Ihc EC ADS dal abase developed by
IhcU S. Fores! Service for m a iiagiug ecological
dala (Jensen cl »1. I99?|.

Wcciciled a community occuirencc recoid
forca^h wellHiidcommunLly ranked as having
oul'vlandingqualily oreonsldcicd rare or imper-
iled Commuully oiiLirrence luformation (eg .
HGH class Cowaid i n cl ass/suln. LiivS dominaul
speclcv. hyd rology, 1 andnc ape scllingf v^is ■vumma-
nzed and entered in Ihc Biological amil Co nivcrv a-
iLonData 3yslcm |BCD| a dalabisc developed by
The W alure Co nncrv a ncy amil ited by programs
throughout the Natural tlciilBgc Nelwaik.

Summary inConniliou aboul cichsite as i
whole (e.g.. geucril site dcscnplions. ecological
divePvLly, on- amLloCCslle landitiCv, and manage-
mcnl ucedivl u'as iIho enlcred lulo a site lilc in
BCD. Del a I led plani community a bivtra^ Is u'crc
created to chiiaclenzc both common and uncom-
mon Aclland plant communLlles.ThciC include
I nfoimallon f rom a vanety of si>urces documenting
communily range, typical I amit'ic »pc sell i ng ,
ty pic al spccicv com]>osi tLon succcssLonal piltcrniv.
and managcmcnl consideralion'v Thiiv information
IS bcLngivtorcd Icmpoianly in au'ord pnjcessing
template, Co r I a tcr uploading i nio i BCD file under
development. The boundiries of c»ch ft ell ami si Ic
wcicdigiti/cd as pulygoiti indsloiedin iGeo-
griphn. luformalion Syslcm

T *<cinoni c Ccna da"d:icns

Wc gcncrilly mcd h He hcirk cl al |1455-
1469^ In uiciilLfy plBnl iipceLcsin IhcsLinlj
irca Hoivcvcr, in keeping wUh The Nalure
Coiwen'aiK;y's Wilioml VcgclHion C I asiviric bI lo n
lAndeiyoncI al. I9SSJ, ive fDLIa*eiJ Ihe ivnonyniy
prescnlcd by HarlCvi ( 1 9941- There uicre I*d
eneepliDFL'k Id IhLv usage CorlHif binh (Beiiilu
SlftnSu!t!in').\<'e iticti Flo ra of Ni>rlbi A menci
11997^, Ahich pjDVLdKi 1 nnjre receni IreBlmcnl of
I he gcnui BLltthr The olhcr ciecp Ildh "■ as a
cominDii udl Bnd ^cdgc, itvu B 1 1 y refrncd lo bs
beaked sedge, uibii^h haiv been enoneoitly called
Ciifex'niifalii i n picv lo u'sIixIlcv While Ci'ii-y
'iisl I I'll' Aic^^}<.<.ti^ in Ihcslalc, il ls vltv rare. In
Jhi^ report, fhe common *rlland sedge, also
known by Ibic cominDn mmc o F bcite^l ivcdge,
giiesby Ibic L B lin bimimiil C!'i€\ iiHici'h'lt'
lGnlFilh.4 L959| .\\:^.F'nst' eif,ehi\uiii'i (EngeL-
in B nu spruce) is ited k> inc lulc Tri iyj
e/iRirl/rni/if'i' , Ficen giuiica {ivhllc iip mcej and
ihe I F liyb ndii (Daubenmlre L974|

Rdtiking Of CommuiitiEsAnd Sits

W' Jil rl II' null "^ ip lErir lIii i ei> i ili
llll' irildlTldlllplllUillllIlM Irp'E
I Ell I iiilMii LI I lg jr I L II lluEF iiri h j iii l.i-

TllllllJllllllipriirE TllElllllt'Eril'l IE

]iUidrd 1 1 I'lp I II i[ rii li ri nil :lri ri Ie ii jieL
111 JMmi II' iitjfri III lid rinriiiliii
rniMli'E fii I iiilr riiLi III liEii p:ii Nilp
CI ll : lu III I II In 1 1 I in ii'K'E II J i ir l
fnipirJ I] llrtgiiiiili Ippi nllniiij'riJr
jPi I ;Ul il 1 1 G II iIe| 1 1 ilMir idr Ifui Elilr 1 1 i
iiiIe| Ii iHiliki.iiiiii iliri uitiidiligi
llir 111 lind. II J III jililp 111 ni ildnf J r I n
li I r I T Ir III Ie IK lulrd Pni J Ii ! r ill G I
Mdiri:ii[ llilllr III I iiilj lEnilinll] ii pn-
llrJ iii[rild'.]il I G ^ iiJirMii| ii iieL tf

f ilii

G iidrliin Ml J lo lEii'i (I

II

ml E 111 II ill i ri ]i ^ p p'li ii '

}\ liil 1 1 1 ' Mil i 111 lip I nil p liil n I I 1 1 1-
linPiiid II lliluill Fril rilriEl'd i ii
gnniird iiii[ ll^liLliEiri^Ird liillr li ii,

Tabic ]. DerinillDns indcnleni Co r rank i ng si les aeeoiding lo degree of ecolagic al sigulflc anec

CPITERlt

ccinmciN

WJCATOFS

R^riK rA ^i:oF£3

RKImn

^ir

■ 'UiirrliGiv ol nnvrixB
[bil [OdiTHJilH ikilln

s. 5ir lEB iigi dhf I'.iih Gi v<^ Eihn i|H^ a ^Ei.i>] miE'.
£ 5ir h.!. .]rni>}-i.ir dsf I'.i^ Di ve^ Eihn F/n^ (■ w<l.i>]

^lr>jE nil oi Co-iarBli
(I.T.9l[alDn

fe.iUr^

^^rrrliUv ol iftnl
(cnmrilE'. c Edilcqca

PDTfS pi.il.itB biri^

/HllBI HV<rdLllB Gl

C[^.iAr^ [tu^lK^ih'i

1- IvJiiliitUd

^Er^i'^l

R.nly

Pr<Hn:r GlibT r.n

^ l->Ji (oirnlolci Gl

? 5ir h.B HDi di[<rTr.ilDn al r.n ^n(lii c ciBiiniilks

[■.Hi oanmnif [bil

i EiP- h.!. ki-\ [dHxninon qI ije ^ndE^ c annniilk ^

Ori/tt Dlr.nlf

[I 5iP- h.!. r>] nE ^KdEi c ciBiiniiito^

CtfUtn

E'Enlb^KH^r

COMCB |< a

Ptitwut Dlok-^lt Bip^icB

± 5ir nif»] [onllDn iiTt Bip^icE ^(HXiEnl

1

nun r.i>ji Di roll.!
v.nil[n

dtlMV iTtfihn ^l>ihu.1
rr^t.ilb'El LEf . hn«r

i 5ir n|H» (ollci moTi wriact ptitm

Sin

•iita ri^rnl oi -.<tiid

fiotajt

1 Sir B 1.1V ^^4D .Kr<iF

£ EiF B rniKrr.inf lav 1 JD ORip

>

i Eir B ^md |.3D ^Hirii

HftlHt

L3>ilcE n^LiTanlra

PtinwMi aliMrti MfmcC

li^nit nn-rntir 1
v<fflilcir

S. Eir hMli rnrHn.ll oll-^ V irriiaca

£ EiF -.ilimtWnr V "■■ Gl Dll-Hr itikeK

i B4 thtn rvji im<i oi Dii-iir irvKKa

SliLlwalcr and FlBlbicad Lflkc *Blcnhcd< fGrMnLcc
i99S]. along uiHh ncui co m munH j lypc^docu-
mcnled inlhii i n^ c niory. G Lab al aiulslalccanimu-
tttly FB nks ucrc obliincd £mm TbicNalurc
Coiticrv inuy's Wcilcm Co rLHC Hf Bl ion S^.lClKC
(WCSl'vlafC iRcidclaL.l^^l Wrslcmfilalc
hcnligc p^ogra^l^ ivorku'ilh Ibic WCS In acon-
llnuLiLL'v proccvs lo rcvicv^. documcul and ii|Klalc
global riulji.

E ach indlvrdiral well and coininunLly occ ur-
rcin.c was b1^> quili ly-rmtcd iti n^ crilc n a
developed by The N ilurc Coiteryincy and ihc
Naluril He n lage Nclivort |ThL' N ilurc Coite r-
vaiK;y I9?8| Wccvalualed cnmniunily ^ize
camil] Iidh ind I aiml'ie ipc c;o niexl fi>c ea^ bi mmmu-
ncCy oce UJTCIKC ind I hen averaged far a final
eoniniuiilly □« urrence rankof A— D, or OLcellenI
fo pc>i>r.Coinmunily occurrence ranks ivere
con-sldered dunng Ihe \He rank i ng pcocefiv, ex-
[ilalurd below.

We cv jl u alenl Ihco.eril! ivLgni I ic a^^.e of
individual well and 'lle'i iiflug meltiods 'viiriil ar Id
Iho^c iLird in Idaho ind W aivhi nglon fWa'ihinglon
Depirlmcnl of EcDlogy 1 99 1 , J inkovsky-Jortes
1997, Chiddeel al. I99ll| Each iveliandivilc was
evaluated Corlivc CaelDni fTable i}. Prrsenccof
rarcspcciei as well as ihcj r degree of rarily
innuenced Ihe ririly score for e fL ample presence
oE a glob ally rare ivpe^ iciv w as riled higher Ihiu
[1 resence i>£ aivlile rirc species. Thccondilion ind
liihbic a pe coniek I fquilily riiik| of all Ihe com mu-
nily occ urrcnccv al aivile were considerenl ivhcn
as!iigninglhesile(Dndilion ind upl anti seo reiv
E*ch Cailar aleaihivile was scored CroinO (low-
est) Id 3 rhifhcvl) amil Ihen all scores al a&ile were
summed for a lalal score ranging CromO lo 15
E*chof Ihe Civefaclors *iseqiiilly i^eighlenl in
[he ^.o mpoivile score. The scores of all Ihe siles
^^cre Ihen arranged £rom highesi Id lowesi, and Ihe
d LSI ri buliou of ikCO re^ a is divided iniD four urtcven
qiiarlile'v E ac h of Ihese qiiarlile'; def i ned icil-
ego ry of ivile si^ nific ance, dene ri bed beloiv

■ Outstoiding g^iificaice

Thenc siles rcpre-enl Ihe tno&l ecologie illy
significiul 1^ el lands in ihe ivurvey area They arc
lar^c aixlsupporl adivenvc array of plani commu-
ni Ill's a lid o Iher iiii]>r>rlinl AellaruLl feilures ivuc h as
pea Hinds, beaver ponds and spring:^, whie h
pinvide adi>eisily of habilil'i These siles irc
prl'vliue, o r rtcirly so, and lypu.illy provide habilil
fornuineroici si ale and/o r glob ally rare plaul ind
am m al specieiv The i^elland pi anl comrriiin] Hi's al
Itiesesiles are gertcrally ine^celleuleondilion
There ire minimil lulhro pogenu. influences al
Itiesesiles so Ihe well and funcliorts ire lirgeLy
inlad ind mosl likely fall Ailhiu Ihe ran^e of
nalural viiialion. Finally, ihe uplinds surro unding
Ibie-e SI les lend lo be largely inl acl . I hus m ai nl ai n-
in^ Ihe siles' hydrologic regime ImpacKlo Ihese
siles ^annol he Cully miligalcd, and iny alleralioibv
could lead lo signific aul los^of Iheirdislinclivc
c h arac lenslics and value

■ Vayhigha^iificaice

Wei I arul SI les m Ibis cile^orj' generally
support d I venie, hi^hqualily planlcomrriunjiies
bul Ihey are diivlinguished from Ihosc of O ulsl and-
in^ Significance by having a greilc r nJcgree of
anlhmpo^enic dislurbince eilheron- or of£-sile
|e g., lodging in Ihe uplands near ihe si le, grazing
on a pojlionof Ihesile, elc.f They may support a
number of si ale rare plani or animal speciei, and
Itiey lend lo be large. Mosl of Ihe well and plani
communilies al Ihese siles are in excel lenleondi-
lion bul a few may have modcrale impacliv
ImprovemenI in resource manigemenl al Ihese
siles, siKh as changing prizing mana^emenl plirts
or reducing Irapping pressure on beiver, would
impntve Itieoverill ivuileof ivellind fune lions ind
could mo-e Ihem lowird Oulslandmg^tgnificance

■ Higha^ifficaice

Well and siles ol lii^h 3 igniFioincc arc gener-
ally large and lend lo have a modcrale divemly of
well a lid plani communily lypeiv, compared lo Ihe
l*o pjcviDiCiCilegones These 'vile'v may supporl
liomc populalionsoC rare pliuliv and animals The

10

degree af Biilhn>[iogenLC dislurbiiK e al IhciiCvLl?^
Icntk lo be SI mi L»r li> IbioHC in Ibic prcvioiLS c »l-
cgoiy MqivIuI IhL' i^izlland pi buI commun] lirs hI
ihc^csiKs Brc m cn-cllcnlcondnioii, bul b fru'
miy have mixlcralr Impacl'v ThciC ^ll?^, u'llh Ida
divf lyc pi BUI cnminun] lies miy be Bppcopriilc
modcK fpr well B nd rc'loralion. iincc Ihcy exem-
plify Ihcdi^liibullnn and ^omposi lion of cu m mou
nBlivcuclLind cominuiii lies They could iIho
Ecnc B& seed SDUires fitr [ilanl malcnil used in
reiilDralinii piDjcem

■ Modadea^iificaice

Sues of Mode FBlc S Lgm £11 aih.c hBve 1 mnder-
Blc diveiikily of plinl co m m uuil les ind hirtHir

some raicspciles Houcvcr. Ihcy ace generally

moce impBcled I h b n si les of n igti signi Cic aih.e. For
lnslance, I hey iihlude more lommu nil ics mHu-
eihed by ekolie specie^, such as iced c anarygras^
{Fitiiluns a/uf'iiittncen]otieiilap [.Ir/oiIij
jliilo'irjcrai. 01 Ihal have a simple vegelaliaii
slcuclure such aseallall manoc ul lures \llhougli
Ihese'lle' lend lo have relall>clj biigh le^el'iof
eurreni or biislonc on- Bndoftilc imparls I heir
I Brge size Kill I makes Itiem giiod habilil Fdc
ivilecfou'l andcerlBin wildlife. In add 1 lion. I hey
£lill provide Impaclanl well and Cunclions, <iKti b^
moderB lio n i>£ peak £lowsi>r removal o I com-
pouiHti indpBJliculales Reslo ra lio n dC degradrd
ivellind'i ne ac or adj icenl lo Ihcse'ille'i Aould add
lo Ihe lolal AellaiuLl acreage.

n

Results And D iscussjon

Connuities

Tbic Ncjnh Poih VBllcy slinitioul a.^ biaving Ihc
IcBSI Imptcled ivclLand Bnd n [i an an ikyiilf in
antDn^ Ihc FlBlhizad R ivcr ivubu' alerihi-ds Ihil ivc
have invL'nIoncd iFigunz If The nvcnne Fluvial
ptocn-iiCf aic inLacI ind 'vup]>i>rl Ibic nlo clopmcnl
(j£ early iixl laic sera I col lo nuooil M ands Malurc
CDllonwiHid gallery Corcvlshavc ainulacl nadvc
^hiub undcnlnr^' There irc^ignllicanl i^cIIiikI
CD[ii[i lcie?i Ailhcommunjlieslhal are In □ uliil and-
ing eondilioii and repce^eul Ihe nalucaldiLcr<kily oE
Ihc NonliFork *»lerHlicd.

Tabic 7dij^play'k 35 inland ind lipinau [ilanl
CDininuull ic?i djc uineuleil Cciiin Ihis 'vlunly and
aihilticr25 Itial ace hiuA n o r suspe^ led lu oceunn
Ihe Noclbi Fork wHeished Communily name'i arc
ba^el]o^ Ihe Niliouil Ve^el a lion C I assi Tic allon
Syslcni |Reid el il. 1999), aiulslalc and global
ranbv arc liUcd H ore c*j criplclc dnicjiplioit of
iDmniunlly lyp«i »re found in Appendi* E.

Since Ihere are no unique env i ro nmenK in Ihe
*Bleryhcd (e.g., holspring'i ^eipenllne ^ubsl ralc^
cic.j, £ew i£ any oFihe well and eommunily lypcv
are [nirirwic ally rare. However, I*d M o nl ana rire
communil ic?i isi^ik I alcul wi Iti miiil i mc i nfluence'v.
EngelmannspnKc/ stunk cabbage {Fi^eit
enffimt'tmil I L'suhiUm fpeii'.iiiii'i] andveilcni
rcdccdar / st:unk cabbigc IThufn j/lrmSn I
Lyiidfi'on nmencnffiiit. are picicnlinlhegrcaler
Flalhcad u'aleished ind eouldciiM in Ihe North
Fork Ncilheru'ere found in our 1999 invcnlary.

fn idcniiry I ng communily lypc?i ac followed
Ihc c lasslfic alion developed by Hin^en el il.
( 1 995| . iv I 111 'lO mc exceplioitv sumin anzdil by
Gjceiilec\ (1999J repoil for Ihe Swan Slillwalcr
and Flalheid Labc v^aleished. Hansen el al |I995)
« HH designciLl iH ainHuigemenl loo I and nol
spec if n. ally lo assess biodlveisily We subdiv ided
afc*of Hansencl al/s O^^^l hibilil tnd com-
munily lypes I n onilc r lo dcicnbe Ihc vcgelalion
du'ecslly il each si le more prec Isely. For i nslancc,
^ve spill Ibic beaked sedge {Ct"ex ii\'itiilii\ii)
{Eoimcriy Ca'ex 'iiiUala) habilal Ijpe |Hinsenel

al 1 99 5 J lulD Ihree plani assoc i allons beiked
sedge, I nfl ilcd sedge {Carey vts'ti'nn) and a*iicd
icdge [CiiTi:x!'llieiii!lei] Herbaceous Vegel a Hon.
We alsixplll Ihe bog b i r^. bi / heitcd sedge habilal
lype lulo Ihrcc plani associallons isv^cll bog
birch /beabed sedge bog blirh / C usic k s sedge
[Citrex ctiJ'LtJI^ and bog blirh / slender sedge
iCiifi:xliiS'oc!'iiiii'i Shrublands Plol d a la desi nb-
ing Ihese plani associallons ire on file alMTNHP

We Ireiled unpub I ished or o Ibierwise
Lindcsc n bed communll les Ihil were encounlered
re pea led I y |e.g . bog bire h / C iciic t: ' s sedge , bog
bi re h / slende r sedge J asplinl issoeliliona We
named Ihese associallons and placed Ihcm inlo an
alliance bul have nolyel assigned globil rinks.
Fluilly, Id r undescribed communilies Ihal Acre
rarely encountered, ive arc malnliining a working
I LSI and Irealing Itiem asdomlnirKC lypes. Com-
munily [I Id I d Hi a sup porting allcommunllies nol
described by Hinsencl al |I99^) isonfile al
MTNHP

Tlic £o I lowing piri^raphs piovidc gencril
descnpllonsoCinHjor Aelland plinKommunilies
inlheslLULly area, oiganiicd by Ihc Paluslrirtc
classes of Cow anHin el il. 11974)

Fored axJ \Aii:xxJandu^gd:d:ion

R

pLIIII lid rrl]LiJ lllMlE LlJ lElllllll 11

Ir Midi "'' '" ^ii iiilr' kj \*\\ irrllr-
Iriirl M'ifirri tii I ml IeiieI irrldiiu

r :' Milll I l^lll II lid llllTII I I^IIICL ilri !
^ I III : I II ill I < I 'Fl'll I r EJJl h I I ill.l

n III I r lud \ rosviliii balniini)ffm s^p.
lufhoca'pa) and Enge I mann spruce (Ficea
c/igel"/mi"i'). We did iwil sample communllies
domlniled by weslem redced ar {TJrjJWJ ^'r( uFu J or
grind fir [Ahiei gmi'ilii] bul noled Ihem occa-
sionally in Itie u' alershed.

The low gradieni slrcims al higher elevalions
oflen have n pan an fo resi c anop les dLi m i naled by
sub alpine Fir [Ahiei !t/iiin.ii'iii] u'hile higher
gridienlslreams Frequenlly haveniiio^v, poorly

11

Tabic. 2 WclLand plBnIcomniunilLcs bihI Lbici r coitcrv »I ion ranbv For Ni>rlbi Fork Fl bI he ad ivizllands
Biringat by C oiv B rdlu syslcm ciany bihI 'ubc; I as.'

SciEmiFic HjU'e

COFIUDH Hj^UE

Rank

Py^LUSTRINE FOREST ED CO WWUNITIES, NEE
Ab«£ iBsiocB/pa .' CalamBgnisfE cs^iadenaia
Ab«£ lasiocs/pa / Lodifp ^3ndu<03iim
fiii/CE iBsiocB/ps ' CV<f/ana: homdum
Ab«£ ias-oisipB ' Slyepmpus amplf'ihliuB
PiceB ^ngelmannK / CaiBmagroaHs ca/iade^iaia
PiceB €ngelmanni\ / CJmlonta ui/iflara
PtcPB engelmannii/Couii/SBenceB
Pieea engflmannii / EowBoH/n? BfUfiBO
PiceB engglmann/i / Gal/um Ir/llo'iiiT'
Thiga p/rcafi /Alhynum Itl/fc-lemina
Jhiga pltata / GympocBipxam diyopleis
JhigB pl/tiBB I Cploparyai 'lornduiT?

DLE-LEAVED EVERGREEN

Sutshur^ fir '' BuEpnl rPEdgssB
Sutshx'^ f ' '' IstiaitT Eb
Sutslpr^ fir I Deii e dub
Sut:^pr« fir '' ClaEplpsf Irjisled sIbIK

SpCUCE >' QUEpnl FP^dgBBB

Sp<u(£ >' Beadily

Spcucf >' Rpd-D5i?r dogiKKxd

SpcucE >' Fipid IXT5?bll

SpcucE >' ^ti^E I Ec^ntd becktsw

Weslem reitEifir ■ ladylErn

Weslem reifcEifir ; Osktrn

Weslem reitEiter .' Dainl s dub

GESS

GflSd

G3S2

G4'&3

G3Bi

GflSd

G3G4^3Sd

G4S3

GflSd

G3Gd33

G3S3

G3S3

R?d-OEier ifcgucod
Hprbaccaj^
RacanI olluinal boi

Py^LUSTRINE FOREBTED CO WUUNR'IES, BROAD-LEAVED DECIDUOUS

Befala pao</n<e'3 Psp^r Each

Popaiu5bai5am\le'a BBp Bidrocarpa / Co/nua se^.-cis Back coMattaod ■

P/ipulu3bai3am\teia 3Bp Oidiocaipa /IkibBzeciB Back coMattaod ■

P/ipulusb3isam\tera3m lnifioc3ipa/f^cen\al\uAa\bBr Back coWntaod .

P/ipulusbaisam\teiB 3Bp ni<f\a<a'pa / SYinphotiisipoa a)bu5 Bsck collat^iKxd >' Ocnmcn Enowb^nv

Popaits Hayiuioxiios / Calayiagm^Da canaOense Qusking a5|:«n '' BuEprH rpadgs^s

Popaits Hayiu^oxiios / ComuB seticea Quaking aap^n '' Red-c^iar do^ixxl

PopuiuB P^mi/loMlfs/ OBiPO/Ti/za occidenal'B Quaking aapEn '' Was^rn sn^El cicEly

P Iremitlo/des - P b3l^ii\toja B5p. Quaking aapEn - tiack

a}ctioc3jpa ' Osmoihfza occxdenOlis coHai*iicd .' Weslem a*eel cicely

Pcpuliial'omulaideB'SfiipffO'Hia/poaabiiB Quaking as p«n V Cotnmn anos^ierry

Sd033

G3?&3

G-'S'

G-'S'

GflSd

G3S2

GflS3

G3?&3-'

G2Q&2Q
G3?53-'

PALUSTRINE SCRUB-SHRUB COVHUNTTIES

AInuB amana

AInuB incana / Caret sfp

AInuB yirttSs BEp av/uaB

Belitia glsn/luloaa / Caret cuB/ckit

Belitia g^ndi/las ■' Carex tas/ocajpa

Belitla g^ndi/loBa ■ Care/ ult.ti/laB

Couiusaencea

Kalmta mtcmpt/ylia I Cave: ficopuVorum

flhanvus Btn/lol/B

^1" bebhianB

Sal" booth/i , CatajT/BgmsIs canadensis

Sal;- CB^dk^ / Carei tB3}0CBipa

^1" dti/n'mcnd\anB

^1" dti/n'i'icnd\anB . CBJamag/oalis canadenalB

BROAD-LEAVED DECIDUOUS

Ktainlainalttr GES5

Ktainlain aldEr i sei^ G3S ">

S\ta alder GES5

birch.'CuaicksEti^ G''S3

birch ' ^lenitr ^^d^ GdS J

brch.' Beaked EE<^ Ga?B'l

■tdosiardog^oKl GaS3
A\p-w laurel .' Hdma Raik, Mojn^n 5?i^ G3G J3 3

Alitr-leavedbj[»-lh>xn GES5

Bebbs'iilo'j GES5

BcDiha itillDW ' BuefirWresftjass GjGjO^R

Ikiat, wiIIdw .' ^lantraedge G'^S^

Drummcnd a filloiv GES5

Dru mm end a filing' ; 3uefirnieei^asa GeS

cavTi'^UED ON ^'£J^^ page

13

TibLc. ? ciinlinuciLl friim prrF ions page

SciEHnFiG Naue

Coi'VOh NiWE

Rahh

PPJ.U^TRriESCRU&SHRUf CCfJVUNIIIES BROAD-LEAVED DECIDUOUS

Saiu dni'j'U'a^'ia^'a / Cbvp: uOicuiaB

dummcnd 5 'Mllon '' B^ah^da^d^

G5^E

fefu nBummifidaiTa 'Mesicfcb

Drummcrd 5 '<iloyj i Hebic ^b

G4^-'

SbI\' o-/g<a M^aic ^BmirKid

^ancter wiIIqw >' Mpsic

ganirod

G5^E

Sahx o'/giB /J^mpaaiy Icoctd

^anctar willoi'i' TEmiKxarY IcKxtil

G5SE

SaO/ geyensna / Caret utr/ci/taB

GPY^r'E wiIIdw >' beaked 5?!^

G^^E

Sahi ggyeuBiB / VeB\c ^arrim^d

Gsyec 5 fnllow >' Mpaic garrirod

G2G3?

P4LUBTRINE EWERG EHT COMtfUNfTIES, PERBSTEHT

Agrosis stolonifeta

Redlcp

G55E

Bro/pua /nemi\3

^mcolh bfome

GS^E

CaiaymgnisDa canaOens-s

Qucpnl r^^i^sBS

G4Q3J

Cb'o- apoHa

GcJumtia 5&d^

G2^S2

Caia- Bipia6{\3

Walpr E£i^

G55fl

Cb'o- aqis0\3 - Gate' uOicuiaB

Wslpr EE<^ - E^akEd

Eei^

G.3G4

Cb'o- aHie/odes

Anred sedgE

G^^E

Cb'o- biniiaurpn

Qj ib^um'E SEdgE

G3^3

Caia- iastof^ipa

^l^nitr ^^d^

GSSE

Caia- ItmosB

Mud EEI^

G3^3

Caia- nab'a£cens\£

NEbraaka SEdgE

G5^E

Cb'o- scapiAoram

HcJm s Rcck^ Mixin&r

liEdge

G5^4

Caia- aPxtaiaSa

&akEd5?i^

G5SE

Caia- yesiisvtB

ktlalEd5?i^

G5SE

Deschampsta ce^Moaa

Tultd hskgasB

<>]S3Sd

Dul/di/uni amndmacei/nr

Dulichum

G3^3Z

EJeocliB'/B paluatrtB

Canmcn EpikErush

G5SE

EJfocliB'.s mslelia B

&akEd 5[ik?ruBh

G'5l

EJymi/s glaucus

Que fildy?

G2^-'

Eqinselwp lnviattlo

WbIef Ikir^Elail

G5^E

G^yceiia boteaba

Men hem rriBmB^aES

<>]E3

Ho 'de am jfiia lunr

Fdi^I ba\ef

G^^E

Jiai i7U£ balUcuB

^itc rush

G^^E

PjapiBlensiB

V-eifitky tlu^gaES

G^^E

Poapali/sPa

Fnwl meadjw-^asa

GSSE

P'/aia/ia a/iBidnacea

RESd CBrBIV^BBE

G5^E

Sc/zpua aculuE

HBr(felEm bulrush

GS^E

Tj/pha lal\lol/a

Qoad^al calbl

G53E

14

developed npBnan uthh FOorly drained ■vHe'vOii
ihe niBigLiEoC Fens bc»>er point, or Ine slope
seeps ire iLiuaLlj doiniuileiLl by ucl E ngelm b nu
spruee facesK, orby bliek (DlHinAiiDd ind 'kinalle r
amounls of spruce. "■ hn. h evcnluaLly rcplacevlhe
bl BC t: collomvood b I iiLU. bi sHes Fa Ibiolc 1 abcs of Icn
hBve a narroi^ fnn^c of b I ai t col lo nuood and
quaking ispen t_P«iii't'is liemiitoiiieS) Ihil quickly
gi>L"i v^ay lo upland forcsl bee buhc of Ihe sleep
sLope ^ridlenls around Iheseslles. We alio ob-
sen'ed blick iDimnwiiod slands on upsLope
'kUbirng Bled burn siles, Itiis ueeuiTi an b large scale
in Glacier Niliouil Park.

Fluvial pnn-cssL's Ihal lead lo Ihedevelopmcnl
of CO llanuTJod bol lo ms, 4ul h ai Hooding and
sedimenl deposition, areinlael in ItieNorlh Poih
"■alcished Milure b I ai t c;ol lo nuood foresis ivilbi
inlaci nalivc shrub undeislory species are^.ommon
izompired lo olher Fl bI he ad subi^ b lerslK^t a here
miny af Ihe malureeollonu'oodeoniniunilles Ihal
remain haveshifled From more palilable umiler-
slDty species such as rcd-oilcr dogivoiid |CiinrjJT
i€"'.fii] lo lesii palilable 'kpedes sue ti as common
snou' berry (Syiiiiihi?'niiTS<'is iilbi't) Inlacl valley
bollom^ollDnv^ood Co resis hive dec I ined region-
al ly, from co nv cisio n lo agncullural uses, rural
expinsiou, bankslabili^ilioii, and dams.

S<ni>^YiJj wgddii on

R!

pi nil 111 r rihi j Ehi Mil h ii Ik' eIi J r
rri i(( 1 1 1 1 1:riN :[ iillrr llii J pLii

iii'Eullir-ii] ki'k tniirililiriiE iid

iuMi iiJiiilMirrpotii iip'illiiii iiJii
Iki^J-rifiiiEkM piltilfE iiMikr'
I nil lid Eiillir \SiiSixiSniti\mii"iilii'ia) islhc
mosl comnion willou' in Ihesludy area, si a nds of
Drummnnd's ivilla* occurDnlerracesoFloiv
gridienl si reams amil rivers il mid-clevilions and
higher, and as i moi^iic u' i Iti m aisti > egeliliou in
ivel meacLoiv completLes loClen uiilh some beaver
influence^ Bebb'sivillou' [Sitiix hebbri'i'it] and
Geyer's *llloiy {SiiH\ f^fyefi'i'ii] are much lesi
common asdomluinls Sandbar u'l How {Siili\
Fi/j^d/ir^slandsdaminale aclive ind recenlly
sliblhzed grivel and samilbiis Mounlilu alder
[.Minis "icfttii) and redH>sie r dj^u'ood domlnale

eommuniliesiloug higher fridieul si re ami«, amil
bo III mi>unlain alder ind alder leaved-buckl horn
{Bltuiiiiii'i I'liirjiiliu] farm communilieson Ihe
fringeiiol fens ind lakes. Bog birch {Belulir
Kliiiid'iti?s!i'^ IS a common shrub communily an
pcallaiiLls

Pe all and develop meni is uncommon In Ihe
Wonhem Rocky Hounlams. Hd* ever v^ hen
pcillandsdn develop, Ihcy occur as fens ind cans,
somelimcs issm.iileiLl i^ilhbeivcr acllvlly. Al-
Ihnugh nol common, Ihey probably havenol
dcerciseiLl miihedly in icreage {Chaddeel al.
1995). Chidde el al. |l 9^8) provides a del ailed
drac n pi lo n of I he ecology a nd co nser%' alion of
peilJ anils in MonLina.

EmG"gmt (hobacEou^ VEgSdion

Nil If krrki.MiE'i'Mrtlr:iMiiiri ric
Ifjllllll 1 MflElJ ilE'llll[i,IIEllJli|

frilliiJE iiiEkM pgllilrE ^riirrpuiJc rrl
■ ndirE Lil'-rd[r[ ii^irE laJEliijlE

I'fkiiioiEi Mliti r':rlLliii ie ieiiIIi i
III piM I lEiii iririihilliiii lir li Ik:
ikiiri ilri'kikilili iir ilik: .iLElilkril
Ep '■ If E H'l II ■ 'I I; f I Ca'ex >as'oti"iiP^.
Bu^baum sudge {C!'ie\ h'tfJinu/rt/i). and mud
seflgc |Cn^ f I /Jrn"](r) c an dominale portions of
fens and sedge meidoAS Common calliil [Typha
^(rPrJ^j^Jul . hardslem bii\ni:yh{SiJipui ant'rts),
beaked sedge {Ctirtx iiSnculit'it). mflaled sedge
{Ciirei *tirLidiijj| . iv aler sedge {Ctimx tiirttu'ilnt
ind Bwned sedge (Cmex nlhcades) lypicilly
duminale m aches In Ihe waleished. Hantlem
bulrush beiked anul i^ a ler sedges and callill are
ilso relalively common Cillail increases a lib
nulneni i npuls. espcci a 1 1 y nllnjgen |Neill I990J;
fertilizer run-off ami discharge of seplic elfluenl lo
ivBler bodies c an c Busc rapid nulneni increases

MosI of Ihe n al I ve heibaceoici i^ ell and and
npanincommuniUes in Ihe North Fort u'alershed
ire lo<.ally anul regionally comrrton Allhough
Inlacl u'el meadow communilies areslill relalively
common il higher eleval ions miny valley bollom
ive I me anloi^ s Ihal once supponed lufled hairgrass
{DeiLltumiiiit' tesp'ioiii] ind bluejoinl ri^edgras^
{Cnln'tni'aiUs nr/nji^errif ij co mmunilles hive

15

been convcrlrd lo rxDlIc^ like rcdiop lig,ni]'ii
]lol/if")erat.}itaIw.\;y bluc^ris.' IFiu/ iint'errs/ii.

[linDlhy [Fhtefim I'TaletiiS^ ind ircil c anaiygris:^
(Fhi'liiiii a'ti"iiimifeii). Mriigliano and Lr'^ici
(L9?8| hypolhcsljc Ihil bo Ibi inline Bndciolic
gcnolypcs nf reed c b n Brygrasv iz i^iil in Muni an a
wjlh the cnj lie gcnol> pes bci n^ res]>iin'iblc furlhc
dcnie nnj nocullurcs nf Ibiis grasii income ucl-
LiiHti. PopulalloreiaCcxolii: Dngin may be les pan-
si blc Inrlbic a^gicsslvc sprawl of icrd c anarygras.'
in K1 □ nl ana hibll abi.

ncrbaccDLL' -^cl mcidn^^s I h bI hive been
convcncnl fnim nall>e icgclalion rcpificnL a
major rcilnralinin. h al Lcngc Noxloit v^cct.];- arc
mo^l common in hcrbiccDiB vcgclallon lypcv
Among Ihr mml widespread bi? Canada I hi&llf
{CiTiiwii urvnriej , spnllcd tzmpivccd {Cfil!"i'eii

and leal J spurge {Enpht'/ hn/ i!iu!t/i.TtBzt!i of
bullcr iS egg* {L"ia"ii vt/lRiifiityicrc Coimd al
S e huiici C ab m Well b nils ind ivbioiild be cradle Bled
immedialely.

Aqudi c bEd A^gd^i on

P.i^lnir LLniliiir Jii EiTrnir iiiilii t:J
!!' mil I 111 Illli III 14 ] I i rrp ^ Lid

lliifli[|> ^iptircifprihiiJlilrE pfii
Llr kiJ ip]lii-i iri|i prrMiiLlilmi e
P irrrr'[ film < liiEifiiiliut 1 1 lyi iIk e r; Miliri
It ■'Elm y iiliii lil irrltrri liiti inndM
\it fi 1 1 J iliai fa I It r fglli r ii | iqiilit di i i-

I Jl ir |r p M I t Errr' I Ik It : EII J r JFM 1 r Tn

piid li.r \Ntti'hn'pi}l\ii^iialiurt').t(\oaItng-\ea\eti
speeies, is b commo n dn m i nani Bquilic '>[]«: les
Walcrinilfoll {M\-nn;<hyStiim veiUcflinUim) and
mara'' lail {tlij?j<iini ir^'s (r"]J domlnUe some
w|LialLC(Dmmuiillics ind are usuilly compLelely
submcised or partly cmcised. Coanlail
{Cemloiihylhim lieitefniiii] fennel- Lcjvcd pond-
weed {Fiiiiiiiiiigeiii'iiieLU"iiUii^. Illinois [londAeed
{fiiiiiiiiiif,fiii'iilHmifiils), ind Cltiim^p |in
algie^ aradomluinl in olher aquatic eommuullieii
and are ntosl oClen c;oiiiplelcly 'vubinei'^

Pta5t Sped^Of Spedal Concan

Tt Mil -Ell p Jul Ep :i iFE ji l^r I Mmi t rl 1 1'
rrri ■ Mirl ii V 1 1 In i Ep :rir e i: '|r i.il
rii^ifi iTit Ir ] I Mill J!11 J S ii <l It iir irr
! Il t lljl El! I IJK II I lid I iliMiHr lln Ifll 1 1

It rir ni I' iG ^iT ^ I iiUi I i- il' ' I It :
I igir [rl[ i Bi/Srydiriurt 'k[ip.> and Gooiie-grBbfi
Scd^e iCi'rty SenUctita'ii var dotra). The
moonAocbi lend lo be facull bI i vc ucll and species,
oeeuiriug in valley ind monlinc ci [i aci an forcsis
and Ihickel'v. b' ^^ell b4 inu'cl nicaAiws. The
GociC-grBis Scd^e Koncof iiii iktiec ill concern
planlii in Ibic waleished Ihil ire hnou'n In Montana
only £^OI^GlB^.lcr National Park; ive eolleclcd no
neu' inFormalionon Ihcm in Lhi' 'il udy. O f Itic
nz m a I ni n^ specie-!, many ire boreal or
eireumborail plauK IbiaL ace re'vlnclenl lo peallaiids
iChadileel al ISySV Tbiey include Huili>n\Eiy
Eulntih (Si/ri'ni liuilii'/i'itttn^t.'Engliih Sundew
(Dfieru (r//j(^r( uj . S lemiler Col lo ngrasi
iEn'>iihoiiim giiitili:) amil Ihrae [lealliiid moivSCF^
The reivl are associaird *ilh i vanely oF ivelLind
habilabi Ihil are il risk Tiom developmeni and
I nIcoduL ed fpecieiv i nlcodu. lions lncl udiug loiv
elevalion npanan foresi lypes spniigs and seeps,
and open ivalec hibllals.

Animdl Sped es Of Sped al Concan

The fJorlh Fork pio^ideiv well and biabilal for 24
animal species o£ concem amil Ihrcc ~^^aH;h
I LSI ipet ies for * hich more inform alion is being
soughl fTable 41- One of Ihe special concern
Fkpec ieiv. M oul a n a irclic grayling [Thyiiiulim
I'nUtiis "io"lamis].'ht!- been slocked in mounlain
lakes ind is nol uilivelo Ihc drainage The ra-
maining 26 use u'cll and habilalsfor braeding and
foriginglo various de^rceiv. or p asiv Ihmugh Ihem
during migrilion or dun ng loc;al moveiueuU

Many verlcbrales are rclilively u'ldespread in
Itiis iyalershed,bulseveril ire ipparenlly limiled
indi'vlnbuLion There are few reio rds of bore a I
load {BiiJ" bofeaS) in Ihe drainage in Glacier
National Park fMamell 1997), breeding *is
documcnlcd alonly o ne of f i ve ucll and siles

16

TflbJc 3. PIbhI SpcciCiDC S pci [»l Co ncc m and Ihci r CDiLicivallon rank: Nanti Fo rk Fl albicad uclfinik

SciEmiFic HjU'e

VBHCular PIbhIb
Bol^ychiuf asceodsna
Boliy€h\inn campeaife
Bofychxum c&ni/lanim
Bol^ychiuf haspe/iu/if
Boliych\iiin parado'u/n
Care' clioi<ioiyh\£a
Cai0*. lenPcisla/ia var dolia
Cater, hvtda
Cater, pauparcuta
Catar loslrala
Caiar lanuiltota
Cyp'}pBdi<itn paasat}"!!"!
Dtosara attghca
DiyopletiB trist^B
Enaphorum grai^la
FeaO/ca vwipara
Goodyata repana
Kakuia pol^foha
Ophioglossufi pus/lliB"
Palastlas Itigidna war liwaTia
Polamogeloti oblusHo^M/a
Pani/tKufuB vatacundus
Schauchzetia paluslra
Scitpus caspilostiB
Scitpus hitdsoniantis
SdrpiH BublatrntiialiB
Saneifo pauotlonis
V}ola tanilolta

Ndh- Vascular Planls
Calhetgona^ia citspidala
Vaeata Itiqtiaita
Scorpidtinn acoptdtoidaa
Sptiagninn canHale
Sptiagnufi tnagaflatvii/ifn

Coi'vah NiWE

Gldhal Rahu

StAIE RAhH

Upward-lobed MoDnwarl

C.3

SI

Praire Dune^orl

G3

SI

Waiyy Wnon'"orl

G3

S?

WeslErn Uaon^orl

G3

SI

PaculBi Moon'i'DrE

G3

SI

Creeping Sedge

G5

S?

Goose-grass Sedge

G5T3Q

SI

Pab Sedge

G5

&3

Poor Sedge

G5

&3

Beaked Sedge

G5

SI

Thin-fb«eied Sedge

G5

SI

Sparrow E-egg Ladv a-al pper

G4G5

&2

EnglEh SujideA

G5

&2

Erjckler Farn

G5

&2

Sender GallongrBeE

G5

S?

Vnipamus Fescue

G4G50

S?

Nonhern Rallleanake-planlain

G5

&3

Pat Laurel

G5

SI

Adders Tongue

G5

S?

Palmate -kaiyed Coll^ool

G5T?

SI

Elunl-leaved Pond*eed

G5

&2

Timtie rllne Biilleroi<i

G5

&2

Pod Grass

G5

&2

TuPled C lub-ruEh

G5

&2

HudEon's Bap Bulrush

G5

SI

Waler Bulrush

G4G5

S?

Feiv-fbnered Bultenveed

G4G5

SI

Kdney-^d ^hrle Volel

G5

S3

G5

SI

G5

SI

G4G5

SI

G5

SI

Gl

SI

17

Tiurvcjcd for BniphibLini In 1 999 Tiilcul frii^
l^.iicns'hiii '/iieT) has bren iLlDciimenIrd in only b

few streams □ C I h? drainage in Glacier rJaliunHl
Park (MameLI L997| and Ihc Fl a Ibie ad N aliiinal
T^iral, posivibLy reflecilinp. a pauLHy of survcyn.
H Bileqiiln duct [/fisSnomcui hi'Hii'i'iUiticgii-
Itiiy breedivon Trail Creek. 3 ur^'eyi on o Ibier
^Hrearm Ailhiu and ncighbonug v^ aleisheds hive
revealed £e^^ addilianal harlequiri'i (Rclchel el bI
1997), bill lu ul I ne iiurveys of olher Woilh Fnrt
Iribulancv ht\c nol been conducled. LeCoiHe\
ipanuu' l.\ti\fPtiin"Pits lf.ii'iltii) Hb^ been found
al Camas Creek and so enl Dihcr u'el meaduws In
Ihc wilenvtied jnividcGlicier Nalnnal Paih
(Wn^hl I99fi|, bul bias nol been documcnlcd
cLiCAhcrc in Ihe drainage Nonhem bog lemming
{Sy'ia;<U<p\' i bweiil'i) ha^ been due ume nied kl
Eivcfenik and a cl-mc ado a eDm[i leie^ inGliciei
Nalional Park iReiehcl and Becksl n^m 1994|
several ]>i>li:iili al files amiable For Ihis small
mammal remain lo be 'lurFcyed.

Inverlebriledislribulion'v and abundance arc
[looilj documcnlcd, arul cich spcrcie-i IKled in
T»blc4i' knoi^n Croin o nly one or a £ewille-i. Ttie
aqualic amp hi pod [Sly Robniiiiiii iit.] a a new
species ivhiHie formal deiciiplion is soon lo be
submillenl far publicilion fJ-HoLvinger peis
comm ). 1 1 iscurrcnlly kix>wn Fii>m j u.sl one
Miblcjiancan'prinf along Trill Creek The Kiulla
Like mounlilnshell [Oiv'hfllx^pJ). an
undckC nbcd ^pee leiv of land 'nail fFreivl and
Joliinnes I995|, has been rcporle^l from near
Upper K mill Like Ciom unc h ariclen ^ed habllal,
□ Itier localian'oul'ide Ihc Aileisticd indlcalc il
may be iivsoclaled u' i Ih drier tiab i liLk The valldlly
□Elhi^ lauin lu' ai Is > erific alian

The ivub arcl le blue I [C'lemigiiiin
ititi:/nig,t/l'tfp') has been lourul al Hone Lake m
GlaeicrNaliouil Park. This lakcdrain'i iniD
McDonald Like, whu.h is nol inihe l^orlh Forh
drainage Houc^er oihe r ivui liblc si les forlhK
species irc prescnl In arul ncirMcGee Meadows,
and Ihc 'vpc^. il-s 1 1 ke I y i' preicnl In IheNorlhFork
drainage □ i llcl le'i c hec kcispol iEi'j?h'iifyas
gitleSlir) K found m a £e^^ carly-succcvsioml i^el
mcidowsiles In Glacier Nalmnal Pirh where lis

hosi plani blick livinbcnj' [iji'i'tffa "iviiliicmfn]
IS ivallable |Debin'.ki 19^2).

A numberofMonlina's special concern
animals ite Ihe i^alershed'' * ell ands fur fiiragi n^
orduring migralion larul mi>re local mo>emcnlsJ,
bul have nol been dot umcnicd breeding I he re.
These im lude ^re al blue heron iifdculre/oiHiiit.
Iriiiiipclersi''an [C<xiiui him.j"iitor}. nonhem
goshii^k f l( i7|'Jitr j< tiiJjf ri), nanhe m hawk-oivJ
(Seiii/n itltth't. gietl gtay oivl [St/n 'iel?iii«st').
bl a^. k-backed l'■oodpe^. ke r {f ft cjrfc] urcJ^i jjtJ, and
all special c;oiiceni mammals excepi nonhem bog
k'nimin^. The Former bi rd speciei have been kna^^
lo breed i n u'cll and o r no n-ivellind slle'i Allhin Ihc
dm n age. Fredalois like Ihe gray ivolf (Ci^rji
^jjfrf] J, grizzly brtr (ii'iiis itrclai Sn" libit' i).
Nonh A nicrn. in wo I ven ne [Giilo gu!ii luiniit. and
Lynn IL'ti\ '.u'lt'iieisn] may u.<e riparian areas
and A el or mesic me adi>A >> during ivcasonal ind
annual movemenis bul are nol parlicularly depen-
denl upon Ihem TD*nseiKl \ big-eared bal
[C«fy'ii?'>'i"ii^ Pfii'iist/jJrj I breeds ind hibemiles
incaveiv and ibandoned mines, buloClen Foriges
inforesl clean ngivover sire ams and po ndi "■ here
in^ecls are abundani

Con^vdi on Pri oiiti sF or
Eo:)log(ally5J^ficcnt Wdlaids

W; il ri lilir L 'I iij I Mil 1 1 1 ^ iNi n \i\it-
iM Ir d I f I' t ■ iJip 11 ■! 1 1 'eiIie' 11 llr
iiiiEruliliEEliJ] iLii I inzrl ii \ \\\t 'i\ F<ir
I II Ml II i! I r E IE Mr I dl4 I il iiillfr IE Elf I ifirii I
ill Ii' iiii'prrird Im' Q it DilrrLi^iifiMil
■ rlliiJ Eiir y iG :: I Til i r L II G linrr I F r ie
r I' ngiElf 1 1^ 11 ' iVJ 11 II : t [ I n P I liiUEr
T 1 1< < ' Mil I I IfmI f I IE I 1 1! I .:r :l i: p riiir
iKi lid IE ail liililrl ii iifi :lliil ill:
riil.i- 111 ill rilMEliJ llii-l liluii iliui IE
ir Lili il' i p ji rrf iMi frui 1 T ^ I P

[ r i ^i^rr r riliid lifiirnrE ^iir \\\i
fi iJiiI'd loll ill \f\ Ti rill Mr [E rrliT H r

piMMll'idE ll'l lid ri pIlEN' I'iliill rill

Li'iimiiEi lirrfirlpiili'liii liliM |[ ii|
I ?l 1 1 nil irr M 1 k I. T Igif I IliEr Hi I he

llliilll'd pi.UJ^if S MllllLriliiyilElilCi lid

Ii iEirr Liii i mri r i IE iiri dlflf i frai i i i

IB

Tabic 4 AnimBl ivpci letiv of concern iik^hc I ilcd u'llhNcinh Foit Fl bI he ad R ivcr well Bnds ind v^ alcishcd,
and IhcLrTNC coitcrv b lio n nnk (BHof [999} Wilch Llivl' specie; aic Lmilic alcd wUh a (W\ species
mlcodiKcd inihe ivBlcished ace i ndic aled w ilh an |]r

Coi'VOh N4HE

FiBh

5harlhE3d Scutm'

WeslsbpE CullhroBl Tn>ul

Bull Ticiul

MnnlBna Ami »: Qiayling (I)

Amphbsns

Tailed Fmg (W)

Weslern

BlrdB

Gam man Loon
GiEsI Blue Heion fW}
Trumpeler S^sn
Hartquin Duck
Bsb Eagle
Nculhem Goahs''^
NcnhEiin Ha^-O'vl |V;>
GiGSI GiBV Owl
B^k-bBcked Woocfcecker
LeC onle s Spanoiv

U am me Is

Tci'Nn^nds B^-eared Bal

NanhQin Bog Lemming

Gray VJni

Grizzly Bear

FiEher

Nanh Ameiiisn Wahienne

Lynt

SciEmiFic Hahe

Colitis conluBi/B
OochorfiichuB darh IswiBi
SBlveUy\ua conlluennis
ThymBiiiia anaiciia monlanus

Ascaphxis l'U9i

Gauia /miner
flrdes hs/od/is
CygnuB buconator
HiB/rtomciis hialnonicua
Hal/3Bsli/3 feticocBphalua
Acapttet gsnUliB
Stir n} a i/li/la
Sin' nebufosB
P}coideE BiaiaiB
Ammodra/nia leconleit

Co/ynorbinuB lownaendii
Syosp/omys boreala
Cania lupus
Uisus aidos hoinbils
Varlsa peonanP
Gi/lo gi/lo luficiifi
Lyi>- csnadensia

Globu.

State

RjUJK

llAmi

G5

&3

G4T3

&3

G3

&3

G5T3Q

SI

G4

S4

G4

S3S4

G5

SIS2B

G5

S4B

G4

S?B

G4

S?B

G4

S3B

G5

S3S4B

G5

SIB

G5

S3

G5

S3

G4

SIS2B

G4

S2S3

G4

S?

G4

SI

G4T3

SIS2

G5

S?

G5T4

S?

G5T?Q

S2

BniBleceBTiB
libcer smphpod'

Btfgobtomus 'glBctaia'

|G1

ISff

Dam self J4eB
&ii>3n:lb Bluel

Coenagtion iirlBrfogaW}

G5

SIS?

HuherflfeB

Gifelles Gheckerqul

Euphyitiyas gilienH

G3

&3

UollUSkB

Kinl^ Lake MounlsinEhelP

OieobBlix Bp 6

Gl

SI

' S]V{ les s^'H cin!l H^ u Dceil JiD, ^!l c niak^han^c pKiposcd la SU

' New fr^ci::'^ JcscnpliciB am yci publiflicd |J Hulsiiif cr pciTv. codidi k jod rukniH yd JssigBcd

PiupjsnJ nc^ species niK >ei dccri^oH Ficsl jnd Joliiiiiics 11*^51.

19

cuETcnl invciili>ry in Ihcir narmucr fm. [l^ and
bc^aici? Ihrydid m I cm phibiir inltcl uilivf
A izl I aiml i:i>[ii[iiun] lies ind I andhc ap«i.

h IghLlgbibi dC ih? 'vigniCi^anl AcllanilMlcs
idcnllflcil ace 'uminaci ^cd bclo'*', and A ppendi i C
f covldiTS del B I Led inFnnnaliDii. GenccaL luc;allDrei
D C I hcic &il«i uc [napped In Figure 7, ivilbiinDic
p rec iiic loc alLon^ ^ho* n in Figure 4. Users of HiK
repon ivbioiild mile ihal h b I F of Ibic v^cll b nds
denenbed arcun private Lind bihI penniuviuii fcum
lindnwneiy is needed lor accei*

■ Wdlatds of O utdaidJug ^^lififaHE

Tcpec L B he Complex, K1 ud Like Comp let and

H ly C ree k-Worlh Fork Floodplain rcpreHcnl ihc
mosl ecDlDgicillysignificanl wetlands In Ihc
survey area A II dC I hese si le?i have an oulslaiuLl i ng
divcnlly aC ucllind plHnleommunilLcs and
lycllaniil feilurcs They are generilly lncn-cllenl
comLlilLon have no ar only mi nor weed popula-
llons ind I he sunoundiug uplands are generally

inlaci wllh mlnimil human imptcK All ihree
O ubil andlug ^lle-k eiho m p aivs i broad inay of
phynic al cn^ I ronmenbi ind hence eanlain agreilci
divePvily of CDmmuullies Ihini^millcr Drcn^iiDn-
mcnlally ^.ollslra[l^ed u'clliiHt. For en I m pie . Ihc
Tepee Like Complex lias si/ able examples of
uncDrnmon pcallandcommunille'viLlDmLnaled by
mud sedge, liighqualny ciamplcNoFlhe moil
common carrlypc Dmmmond's aiIIou' /beihed
'cdpc. Eoreslcd and ^^nodland ^^ ell aruts dommHed
rc'pc^. lively by black col lo nu'ood and Engelmann
■spruce in bolliscral arul olnJ-groivl h ci>nd i lion
uiL]LiBli^ ^ommunilicii; indrire vase ul ar plink and
bryophylftv

The Hay Creck-rJorlh Fork Floodplain site
iup ports less dl>eisily ihin Ihc Tepee L»tc
Complex bill Ihc lind^cipe is comparably inlacr
and LiK ludcs some early serai condilions lypilied
by common 'pikcedgc [Eltiithti'iJ ;<iiliis<iis)- arul
w aler tioisclill {EqiiljeiiiiiijliiviiiUle)-dam\az\rd
communilic Ihal arc nol picsciil in Ihc oilier

Tibtc 5 SjK ranking, managcmcnl slilus ind ou' neishi p d£ No rl h FortFlilheid *ellandsin>enlDricd in
I9?9

0*NEFgH»'

Ste Nil E

Fedefil St>ie

Privite M fih i^ g Ell Eh t Stitus

WETLANDS WrTH OUTSTANDING SIGNIFICANCE
Mud Lake Conplei
Tepee Lake Compel
Hsy CiEek-Norlh Fork FljndpBin

WETLANDS WITH VERY HIGH SIGNIFICANCE
CoBlCiEek Gamp^x

U&FS

DNHC

PVT

U&FS

DHHC

PVT

DNHC

Coal Creek -North Fork Fbocb&in

U5FS

PVT

SchnauE Cabin ViJelland

USPS

PVT

WETLANDS WITH HIGH SIGNIFICANCE

Abbollg Flals

USES

PVT

Hay C reek Fan

U&FS

WETLANDS WfTH MODERATE BJGNIFICANCE

Cyclone Lake

DNHC

Red Meadnn Lake

USES

Widfi Scene Hnier

WidS Scene Rn/er

' DNHC = Mnnlsna DEpartmenlnl Nalursl Resaumes LISFS=LJ.S Foresl Seririce: PVT= PrrLrals

20

Figmc 4- Bca lof ic dI Ly nlgnirLciiil i^i^lljnck inlh? rJoilh Fork Fl irhckd »> Jlizi^ihcd

■HhhD' uiv i^.JWU

1 AbbnTTEFtaie

J Co^lCrQGkCon-DlQK

2 Cfiial Cib'rk-hLinh FL>rk Ftiixiriliiiri
d Cyi:lDii«|.dHe

b HSV '.'012*. l-or,

G l-Lay Ci^Fii Noilh Fnih Flixnilpldn

T Mua LaieCompia.

B RtnMDdODW Ukc

9 Snlindu^CdNnWelldiiiJ

10 Tepee lite Ca<npla'

^H WriIfci d ^linb
I ^Drla'kEl Tinrcii

I GlJflBrlUP

Slim Tl uhl Lanil

I PTvejCu land

21

A izl I aiml'v ol O uKland I ng Sigulfii: ancc u' I Ihin ibc

These Ihicc * cl I ami SI Ics of O ubvlainHi ng
S ignlfic B ncc bic In m i icd iiivncishlp. CoibiC rvi-
Llon of Ihcsc 'lli^' A 111 require (oLlBlHicallvecrCon^
bclivecn Ihe private [i arlics. I and IriL^Lk, andlar
public Bgencies.

■ Vay l>i^ ^ 9iifi<3ice

Three well and ■vHe'v, Si bin b us C irck, C d*1
Crcct:-Nojlh Forb FloodpLiln and Coal Crrck
Complex *ere raled ai bia'Fing Ver>' Hl^H Signifi-
ciihedLie lo Ihcir Lirgc sue anddivcmHj uf
well and hibilBl^^ Ihal Include Coreikl, 'ihcub ind
herb BCCD UH eoininunilles. The SI le boundanesof
Cob! C icet-Ni>nbi Fork Flood pi am and C oil C reek
Complex include bull lioul [Sitlvel/m/i
toiijiuiiiiUii) biabilal. All Ihrce of IheHC ^lle' rcClecl
gccaler huniiu imp ac Is I h b n Ihe si les dC O ul^^l b nil-
Ing Significance Foe example, Sehnaus Creek,
CobI Cicet-NanbiFork Flood pi am bihI C oil C reeb
Complex have all been impacleil by Ihinnmg
har^e-kl ind haul ii>ad conslcuc lio n i n Ihe adjtcenl
Id restv or have loa^t Immedlilcly adjBccnlor
culling Ihnniighihe well and In addllion, Iwoof
Ihe above siles hive small popul allonh of noi lo us
weeuls Ihal have nolyel burgeoned mlu ikeFiuus
■nCesI alions.

^f ino r ehingcs In manage me nl pracliee-^ in
ind BiDund some of I hese ^ellandseould imprnve
Ihclrqu Billy and mo-e Ihem Ida iid O ulsl andlng
Significance. SchnntCrceb and C oil C recb-
WonhFork Floodplaln bolh have a diveisily of
well and plml commumlies Ihil ire In good
CDndilnn {eg .Tew exoliCk, no grizi ng impacls|.
However, n>id building ami limber harveslhive
ifCecled Ihe condil ions in Ihe upland' ncil lo Ihe
Iwosiles Similiily, Schnaui Creek i^ ell and,
which has some oF Ihe besl-developed eximplesof
valley hollo m lipiiiau CoresI In Ihcsludy area. Is
slou'ly being encroached upon by ceiceallonal
devclopmeul and housing

Leaving larger bulfcn bclAccn Umber hirvesl
uniDi iJid uiell and, or bi mply fo I Ida lug best

managemeul pcac lice guidcl iites Aould miligale
changes lo Ihe hydinlogy d£ sue h siles and reduce
polenlial mpulsof Tiedimcnis.

■ Higha^rficaice

AbbollsFlil ind Hay Creek Fen acre bolh
idcnIiCied as a el I amils of High Slgniricance based
on IhelreicellenI condillon amil Ihe absence of
noxious Aeeds Ah bolls Flal is lociledon a
complenoCfloodplain lecraces which Include an
cnccllcniexamiileof blactcollonu'oodV red-osicr
dogwood ForesI All hough Ihissile is made up
cxc I usively of foFeslenl indshcubland lypes, il k
slJULlurally very diverse, having a range of
siKcesslonil collonAood forests prencnl Allhough
mexcellenlcondllion and lacking weeds. Hay
Creek Fen is small ind as a rcsull his a relalively
lo^vdiveisily of *ellaniLl plinl commumlies,
sliuLluraldivcclly, ind u'ellandlcalures.

BoEh ihescsile!! iir lociled enlliely or pir-
liillyonlhc FlalhcidNalionil ForesI \bbullsFlal
IS wilhmlhe Wild A Scenic R i vcr conuki r ind lieiv
panly on piivile land, \llhoughlheseslles have
lessdiveisc plani commumlies I hey may be ihc
opiimal pi aces for ucll and resloralion [imjecis
since Ihey exemplify Ihedislnbullon arul composi-
tion of common nili^e wcllind commumlies They
could iIho Henc is seed sources for reslorilion of
well and planlsil olher siles.

■ Moda'dea^iificaice

Tu'osiles, Red Meadow Like and Cyclone
Lake, were rinted as Moderalcly Sigmfiianl
Eolhsilcs irr in excel lenH.oruli lion wilh minimal
humin impacbi lhi>iigh Ihey are less diverse ind
have fewer pi ani commumlies Ihanlhe rmre
highly signilicanl wellands idenlified Allhough
Cyclorte Lake is Liige, lis wellindconsislsof i
narip* fringe ainund Ihe perimelerof Ihe lite.
The 1 a ke suppo ris a breenling pair of common
loons [Gi'Vfii I'tmt' ) which rtrsi on floating
vegelalionmals. Thentad and Irall leading lo
Cyclorte Lake goes lo an e Me nsive well-developed
floBling mil where anglec and boalershive
Irailed across Ihe u'ldesl po n lo n , nienuding Ihe mal

72

m pilchcv Reloc B ILH^ Ihi: Iriil lo fad] i HI? pul-in

and lihc-uul ivould millgal? ivcLland Imptcl^ Rfd
Mcadou' Lake h»s an cucllcnl iz ;^ ampliz i>£ walcr
sedge- bcabcd scd^c HizibafCiiui Vcgclil ion. Al
ihc N alLonal Famil c Bnipgriiund al Red Mcidii^^
Lake, cUD rls shiiuld be lihcnlo minimize I he
] m p Bc bi dC load and ^ impground lelivirle'kOii rhc
Bdj accnl w:ll B nds

VMlontknot irn^itorisi

T\<\< 11! 1 III in 1 1 I MIjiI L It Ik r \ i rik
PirL FilMEk'd Ikili'i' iiliirr'T'^ M|]rl
gllliEiir'iltri piijril IriJrrcikiiN iiliiPrr
ik Ll Ik r[' 1 1 II ':ilgiir J i ' llii h irr ii f 1 1 1
(iidriiiirtiirlir riir:iiiiliik[iil! TkiE

pK|'.l'>ILlFI'WrrEpMiril ll ll^lllffl^r

I lElriili'inllj Ei|iilirMli'lliiJLii lk:iliJf
LFM LI J p ni iilNMlri fgi ri iiriMliri I'llrri-

1 i I III; iiiui y III I Mini [ i li in I i!\

4 II II lilt I irlit III I ( I Mr IN Ji i I rir i' I p iii ii

liEEiriiiiiriliif nri'in iii] illlrE'di
piiiiJr II pgiliMi:lliii iiiiliriciii ii'

I ill ik I: I' I Ik Ll iM'^i ill I'

I LI' pi Ji I Ikr I Mini [ 1 Ilk II G liiiri H i-
lii I lI F 1 jk r r n' ir IlIm rlj ri ilidril III I i i [1
rrllLiiErl4il[lLidli[ Si^iifiriirr knilr'!
li M lifiH i II III fii ri( r il k ie:J i i I i ik r df pik
LI J k iMi Ik rf Ik ll L in \ili< liil i li lip p ri
diiii[ lk:iiirikir iti ^liiiiLrifkl liifE
Lid iriiilfkilii ll liMlifr 111 Eiii'j iif iiifi
r rlitiiE III k Ml 1 migiri k r Hr li iillj
Liir Ifdjnllr iidliidiilE

I ' ripMl Ikil I UEl r rllLidE ill iii'ilnird
LL pill 1 1 Ik II p ii)'( I r 1 1 li iM: lI k' jI ie I i[ k ii
I iJmiIi ^iMifiiitir-li 111 rrllniEit Ikr
rilMEk'J kn: \"i fiLji'il'J kp iiiii iiljir
k td llni I LiM r r rlltid p In I ii i i iiiIem
d:|iidri kj i 'Liirli uMiiiiiiE H IkME m
pililiir.kilirii II iNiid iui'tJi:J ki heIik
ailiupliiltiiiiiiliM I ilHi'iMkillkr

I igk Lii: y I i MLlrli E i:i ifiiiil eiIfe ikiJ i <

II F'iNiir d II i iiiEiik li ieiifemI i fiiiij
Kpi'Erililii' ELI pi: ll Ikri' 'ipiE rf r rlliidE

lliiliii I lailj ii'^iiilj.rrllLiJ Eirr liJ
Miiiliii iliiEiiiif'J iid]'i->iii« Mliiii 111

\ I lEiliiIrd kf riiiillii[ II It i^E iii ulIilI
iig II pLilEii iilr lifiii Hill 41 Lull ILK
Ep Mir E I II i^ir I ir E 1 1 ikiir < I'lii ii ie ^i lilr
Hi III I, ikliiiri \-.ti V T 1^ 3 F

E riiiir 1 I liriLid ■ krir puEiilli ii Iliii
i]ii]i iiEiiMr r rliiidE mm i lipiE rP r rlliidE
Iii pjiirEiiEi^KliLili iiJii-npkLLJiiJ
fiiii| III iMiiliij Elli pill iirliiiEi ill
EpiEi^iEirpL iijiil El illri r rlliidE ikil kj
f liiir II I li ^111 k Li^i iii iiii Epr r III. ll
lidilldi III I PIifIlI piiiiEiiE llil: dipiiiliii.
r Iiii ll i if iilii i iii Pliii ii [ i i iii i il l .liii '
Eiili llii uiilleilei Mill illiii rill iiLijiii
la liiiME k ipiiiii (ulliii ail •at ■ iiiIeii hi
liiilEiiLkIr liiJ \c ml piriiEiii Lid lei plf
riiliiliif iEiLlii| pilikiEili Mill irllgiiiii
il ml M III 1 1 1 lEiiii lliEi 'am ■ ii iliii \ ji ii

I kill i ip iiilii I IE I II Hill [ |i km Pi ll K

ir Jluii ori III Li ' < ill k : ii. iiilii | i iii li >i

II lEI II id IL < I II ly III! Illl I I M k I.

H owTlisI nformdion Cdti BeU 5Ed

Til pii|iLi iPlkii rilliid iiEiiliif IE ll
piM li I II ll II H.I I Ik ll r ill LLEiim III
EiiLiiiMiii iPi Mljti JiiiiHli Lid iilIiIj [ki

■III Illl ! M'^II illl I . il \t I El' ll

■ PrioritizewdiaKlsfor consovdicui

Thin InvcnlDiy provides a linJ or Aril and £ilcs
rankenl by ec;Dlogical ^igniCLCince. Th\y iLivlcinlic

ited H> cCfic; Lcnily pnoiili^c how li m i led u'cll i nd
priilcellnn Fund' arcpcnl by land Iruivls coitide r-
lng coitcrv ll lu n ciHcnLEnDi , or by ilalc/£cdcral
igeiKlr'k and CO rpitrale OA nci!i CDiisldciijig
rLHCirLciLbi or land ex baiLf eik

■ IdaitiTyirr^ace^iei-j^aids

TbLis li^loC'vLgiLiCLCiul 1^ el I and ivLleiv idcnlLrrcs
leiouit cs I h ll are esscnIialLy irreplacicablc. Some
SI Ic^ of O LiDil andlng aiul Very h Lgb S ignific ancc
conlilu AcllaiLiLl fciluics 1 1 ke peil I and-iv. <[i cucc
sv^amps, and rare [i Lanis u' hic Pi could nol rcili^l]-
cill^ be riLLligileiLl If hsl

23

■ I doitify potoitid Rewach Ndiurd
Areas Old Botaiicd Spedd Intast Ar^s

High rBnting 'vHi^'v on Forcsl Sttwi: land'
may b? good c ind id ales fi>r ilcvLgnalion b:^ Re-
st arch [^alural AicasorBolaniol Spmal lulere'vl
AiciE Li kcwEC, '^imll H r SI iRv on 'il Bl? laiml meril
managcmcnl lo milulBinsignificanl uilural values.

■ Idaitilyr^aeiceLiv^aids

The&r irsulKon bn uscilI by consul lanis,
ivcll and sc icnllivbi ivBlcnhcd graiipiv, Bnd^ovcm-
mcnl agencies Ip idenlify refcirncc lyellamils Siicli
siles CBU ^erve is mixlels of Aril and [ilani commu-
nily 'InK lurc'campo'vUioii For co mpiri'io n/cv b I iia-
llonof Dlhcmlle!!, Co rirslo ralian pn>j rcl^, o r is
seed souircv for p I ani maleriil'v PL'fcitnuc
ivcllandi arc also eHremclj u'L'fiil lor inCerniig
■he impacts of ceniiu lindiLir aclivilies

■ Idortilvpatartid nitig^Dnate

Some well andividc nil £ied in Ihliv re porl could
serve isiniligallonilici lo hclpoCCicI losiCvof
well and' al o Iticr lor Bl lo niv, mcompllBncc with
Scclian 404- of Ibic Clean Walcr \cl AHomenllci,
iKilojiiig hydrology by blocking penphcral
drainage uould impmvc ^^ ell and Cunclion.

■ Proudecontedforvudlaidpaiiitraia^

Thin It'll of signiFicanI Acllands and a el I and
CDmmuniliescBn tielp regulilois aiiccniin Ihc
iclili^e 'kCaiclly dC b pirllcular wellind lype or
commiinlly ivilbiin b ivBler^hed or region, arul
providi' [le rspec li> c on Ihc biological imporlancc
oCu'elliiHt icTiDurces Ihil miy bcimpacled

■ ProurideinfoiindionlbrlaKliuedaiaons

ThiJi li'lL'in be used b^ a loo I by counly
planners, regulalonv, andoltieri lo help Inform
drtisioniv aboul planning, gnjivlh, and dcvelop-
mcnl

■ Asa^HGMmDd^ngdfcnts

Some o I Ihcse ^cllaridsidcrililicd by ihi'
invenlory could Herve bs reference 'vHe'v lor Ihc

regioml guidebook being de> eloped lor 'lope
wetlands

F lit ire Needs

T

III rrpuilin plri'Eoirrriliid iirMimj ii
ill a irik Jill U^llr i-'.\ El ii iii Jljllnd
liLiJriiiJ'r' n^i'irr lrii:idiiii::JE
FM III IrrkMlrriiluiiiiiii ii 1 giliii ifl-
Iji ii D I r I lilrEF iL k II I p]:lr Ik r N liigiil
t Mill Ml Kiliii Iti " ■ ■<! ■ I ki 1 I pii I iIm
riliiklr kiiii itfiii I III I II ^i' diElrikiliii,
'ji: iidlipMili:ll]iiLliiii iiriiEfk'Elilr.
HilkM^riirill iLiF riiliiir Mi iiirilirr if
rri Ii I irillj iljiilir liI i 'llii J l 1 1 i i ilMik r J
kLili ikiui'kuilllr ililr hrpriJii I proiiiiE i
liElill riliii rilMikrii ruk i prilii itii^
p ilgilliriliui k r k iidir'iEilj r tin i id In rl 1 1
Ik r:il II kf Ip J irril fi li r^ i rlliii ii ri Mgi^
rffuilE

H owToRequed Adcltiond
Informiion

AK II 1 1 Ji I Mill J dill II M iiliTir Ii r I ilrr-
k'L-< J' I r II'' Ep iuPii p igpit IL. D i|ilirr J
kl nil 1 1: T rlliil lti:ilo:i i i pE li rii i r 1 SGI
IiiJe II I giliii 111 kiTi'rrl ui Ikr rrk illkr
f liiril I Ml 1 1( I li fi II Mil I E ] ElM E I rlliil
[ Iririi ■ kri " i ' k p i; : |k Mf i''
■ < I I M 'ulr I I iifi iLi'r ieI k Ii I| F irl ii p f
I ipi irr ir Lilill' Ii I jiEp :Uii I Ml E F.ik iid
I illli:rE'iTii'illiirEiikipiMkiEiJiii Iki

N T I I '-kill D lEliik C run I'M-fll-

HMl

[k' lillr^'i: inliid iiliii iliii ie iriil-
iklr Iki y T< ] F

Qtriikii' itliii Mill iiiJii' pliilE itii ill

II J I I IIZI. II I I II IlkE

' Jik-Epiiili. iJiiiiili iiJtii iliri :ii
I Mini iilii II ir :rid

JA

I nfonnaliDn on ccdLd^ic ally ^ignific BUI well and

SI lev cuncnlly nol under conim' alian m b n b^c-

mcnl

I nfonnaliDn oii rtalo^ic ally aignific anl ivelland

£1 Ifii curccnlly pnUcclciil

Thli^rcpitn and prcv lo up well b nd Lincnloiy
nz]>i>ns»rc iIho Bviilablcon Ihc M TN H P wcbsi Ic
RcqucMf Cor tdd I lional inCorm bI m n cm bcvubmil-
Kd I hrau^h Tbic M o nl an B Nalural tJcnlBgc Fio-
gnm ^^cbsiH al hllp /^a n'VJ.ncis.slalc.ml.ii'J
mlnhpy, or by canlacllng Ibic M T7J HP I nCoimHion
Manigfr

25

T

Acknowledgements

hbi pnjjetL 'A Ilk conducled largely u'llh
fuiulin^ £mm Ihe Unilcd SIbIc-i Envi ronmcn-
lH] P[lllc^.llon |E PA| Agency lo Ihc Monlina
Dc p iJlinciH d£ EnvLiu nmciil B I QuBlily [D'EQf The
conlcnls or Ibii^i doc Lime nl do nol nccrs.^ijily
icflccllhc vicivs and po I iclc^ of Ihc En^ i ronmcn-
Ib] Pro Ice lion Agency, nor docs me nl ion o £ I fbhIc
names or c;oininein al pind uc d lanilil ulc c ndarac-
mcnl o r rccommcniil B Lio n for use

^e eMend sprclal ihanka m Lynda Saul of
DEO Hnii Sieve PolKof EPA £o r Ihcir canlLnued
suppo rl of Ibic M J nl an I Nalural tJcnlBgc Pmgram
we Hand luvcnlDiy Inili alive

Many individuals helped piovide mformallon
on high qui]] ly uclliiHti in Ihc'ludy BreB They
deserve » special Ibiants and reiDgni lio n far I he i r
conlnbuliDrLi: Mbhb Manias Gael BlivselNRichcl
Poller, Toby S[nbillc, and Manlyn Wood
Manlyu •i^b:^ also iitil mmculi] u'llhprivile
I BiHkiwncF com Bc Is and biiltiGacI ind Marilyn
kindly provided lodging

Tbie aulhoisof Ibim icpo rt recei ved ■viib'vlinllBl
suppon finm hen lage ivliff Cedmn Jones pre-
pared I he repDFl mapi^ amil cilc; ul alcd rkamc of Ihc
slali'vllc; Ryan R ausi bie r prep ared Ihe Waller
cl] m ale d I agram and Maniu M il ler pnh.es.'ied Itie
clemeni occurrence records A special Ibianbi lo
vo I unleer, Te nie Kenney u'bio biel ped organize
dali records amil formal appendices

Olher regional nt leuli&bv u' tio conln b ule^L Id
Ihls piojecl Bli>de'L'rvc re^.ogllll lo n^ PelcrLesica
conducleiLl luvcnlory. loe Ellioll idcnilfled Ihc
btyopbiyle 'ipedmens, ind John Pierce provided
Info miB lion on Bqualiccommunilies

26

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27

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WaiihinflDn

J ankov'sky-Jortes , M. 1997 Ciinser%'aliDnslralegy
IDrnonhern Idaho *ellamts Unpublished
rcporl on file al: Idaho Deparimciil of Fish and
Game Conscrvalion DalaCcnIer, Biiisc. ID. J5

PP

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3\

■ Appendix A.

Global aid staterank gulddines

■ For dd^raik^ substitutes fof G inthseddinitions

□ J = CnlLcilly impcrilciLl glo b al Ly bcc huhc of cHremc rHnly (lyplc b I Ly five or fcucr Dccuncncci or vcjy

£c* rcrnaLning Bcrcvl or bcc auic o£ mj mc f ic lor|sJ miking 1 1 cilrcmcly vulnerable lo cfLplirpilion.

G2= I m pen led globally bee au&r of exlreme nnly jly pie ally six lo 70 oee iirrences or fcA remaining

ac mil or bre H use of some faclorfs) making ll \eiy vulrtcrable lo cnl i rp h lio n.

Gi= Vulnerable, ellhcr very rare and lr>c»l Ihrnu^lwul iDi range or found locally |cvcii abundanlly al

somrof ibi kKilioiis| In a reMneled range /eg i single Great PI ai niv 'I a Ic, a ivingle phyniogriptiic
orecorcgional unil| or bee aiLte of olhrr f ae lori making ll vulrterable lo exiirpalion lhri>ii^hi>ul ifs
range.

G4= Apparcnlly Seeurc, Uneommon, bul no I rare |»llhough ilmay bequllcrare In [larDioCiDi range,

especially al Ihe penphcry| Appaitiilly no I vulrterable in moivlol lis range.

G5= S ecure; Co m mon, ui idespreiil, amil ibuniliul {Ihough il may bequile rare in parts or i Is Tinge,

especially al Ihe penphcry| Nol vulrterable inmoslof iK range.

GU = Unrankable S lilus c annol bcdelcmiined al Ihislimc
G^= Unranked; Slalus has nolyel been assessed

■ -■ModiFias^dRaikR^gs-*

? A question mark added lo t rank cxpreM^es tn uncerlamly aboul Iticranh mihe range of L either

Aiy on Ihe 1-5 scale

GKGIt Greiler uncertainly aboul t rank Lk expressed by Indicaling Ihe Cull range o I rank^ ivhich maji be
a[ipn>pnalc.

Q A ~Q" added lo a ranknienole-ique'vllDnable laionomy 1 1 monlilie-i Ihe degree d£ mipcrilmenl and

Lsonly U-Hed i n c anes "■ he re Ihe lypeuioukl have a lesiv Lmpcrilcd rank if lI *cjr nol recogni/ed as
a valid nime {I.e. ifil Acrc combined ivilh a rrtorc common lype).

■ CntaaUsifForRaUdng

Thecnieria For ranking are based on a^eloCquanlilalLve and qualil alive Caelors. These Taylors are lislcil

bclou' in Older of Iheir genera I importance:

a NumberoCElcmcnl Oceurrencd IEOb):

Ihe eslimaled number of EOs I hiuiighoul Ibic Elcmcnfs global range,

CONJiHUEOCMHEXJ PAGE
32

b. AbuniliDCf:

ibr CvIIihiIcilI gLab al ab undancc of Ihc E Lcmr nl rmca?iiiicd by number of ind i v idu bI^,
OT area, or si ream Icn^lh covcral),

c. Sizcof Ran^c

ibf CLilm Biol SI ^c o I Ihe Elrmcurs gl[>b al langc,

d. D I'vlcibulLDn Ircuil:

Ih? I re nil Ln ihe ElcmcnI'&di^ljibulioiiDvcril'iiglabiJ nngc,

c. [dumber of prolcclnl EO^-

Ihe Cvlliniled number of adequately [i role^ led EOii Ihioughoul Ihe Elemenl ivglnbal range;

f. Degree of IhiEil

the degree lo u'hic;hlhe Elemenl i:^ Ihrealenrd globally;

g.FragiLlly:

Ihe fngJily or 'iteeplibilily of Ihe Elemenl lo inlnciioii;

h. Olherglobil eoitiidenl lo niv

for CI am pic ihequaLHy oreondilLDnof EOslhal affccl or may affcel endan^e rmeiH slalit ,
unexplained pDpulallonfluc;lualiDn:i; repEoducUveslcalegie'klhBl a re dependcnl oniipc^lfie
habll allele.

33

Appendix B

W^and community type descriptions

BET U LA GLAND ULOSfl/ CAPE): UT Rl CU LATA Shrublaid B

CALAMAGROSTISCAUADENSISHabaieciu&V^eliian 37

CflPEX AQUAIILISHahaieDU^VegaiiDn 3E

CAPE):BUXBAUMII H abaieausV^adion 40

CAPE):LArJUGIN0BAKab»:Mii5Vegad:ion 41

CAPE):LA3IOCARPAHe-bHe>UEVEqadion 42

CAPE):LIM0BAHataBau5Vegadian 44

CAPE): UTRICU LATA KabaieDiiEVegeldiion 45

CAPEXVEBICARIAHabiCEOii^Vegaaian 47

C0PNUB*EF!ICEA3br\]blaid 50

DULICHIUM ARUUDIUACEUM K abaieauW^aaion 53

ELEOCHAPISPALUSTPIBHabaieaiiWegaaiDn 53

ELEOCHAPISROSTELLATAHabiPieiu&VegaaiDn 55

EOUIBETUM FLUVIATILEHa-biPimuEV^aaian 56

JUUCUSBALTICUBHabiceoii^VegadiDn 57

PICEAEHGELMArJUII I CO PN U B SERI C EA Woodlaid 59

PICEAErj&ELMAnrJII I CALA^OGROSTIBCAWADEUaSForet 63

PICEASP/ EOUIBETUM ARVEHSE Foral 64

PICEASP./ LYSICHITOU AM ERI CAN U B ForEi 66

P0PULU3 BALSAM I FERA BSP TPICHOCARPAI CO RtJU S aPI CEA Fnrrf 67

SALIX BOOTHIII CALAM AGRO SI I B CANAD Et^ Bl S Bbriiblaid 69

BALIX CANDID A| CAREX UT PI CU LATA *hrublaid 71

BALIX DPUMMONDIANAJ CALAM AGRO SI IS CANAD EN 3 B Shrublaid 73

BALIX DPUMMONDIAr^AJ CAPE): UT PI CU LATA 9ir\]bla^d 74

BALIX E:<IGUAf BARREN Bbriibiaid 77

BALIX EXIGUAJ M E Bl C GPAMINOID Bhrubia^d 79

BALIX GEYERIANAy CALAM A&RO BT I S

CANADENBISBhrublaid 80

BALIX GEYERIAMAf CAPE): UT RFCU LATA *rLiblmd 83

BCIRPUSACUTUBhTabaiEOLiEVegadiDn 84

BCIRPUSIABERNAEMOUTANITempadieHEfbaieDU^VegaaiDn 86

TYPHALAIIFOLIAHabaieDiiEVegeldion 87

34

Bog Birch/ Beaked Sedge Shrubland

■ BETULA GLANDUL05A / CAREX UTRICULATA Slrubtand

si rnila Community e«

The Beliilp glinidrtliiso / Currr.i ii'nciiliiiii hibllDL lype js
rquivilf Dl Id Bfl'ita flwidiiivsu / Canrs roalioSa [Hdil^i^d el
al ] ?9 5 J , Ik hich hkd brrii picvLauNl) di^s^dbed in in unp ub-
Unlinl slucly by Picirc |l9S6t. fl should bi: nolizd Ihjl Lbii^ a a
dcfiull l>|ic I n H Dfisf n t'P uA ilS')^^, lIibLib, IhiB \s Lhconly
Beiiilo n ^■]'?i/rfri<icr-4ln m I n H If if [v[ic m»giiiz«l EoTManlDnD
ind Cunfx iiliiciiSis\a bk nLcicly h ntntc plBccholdrT bs I1»
conslancy is only (■Dt' [In Ihc osiocLiliDii nainc C. itTiintlitlii
'kluiuld be placed In piirDlhrse^r. Cit/fT n'HfultiSa •j'M'i
rriDiHously icrcrced Id as Carex rojl'iiiu mcirljcr l^ko-
naniLC and qzdId^iciI sruLm (GnJfillL'v \3^1\ Picvcc rl?S6)
dcscnh^ B Mmil Br ca mmiinily i^ilEian undcnlQij' dQmiuilizd
by Deichitfns'im i-mii'Wi/t O Ihcr ciliihhiuhi Cic^ «ilh BfWilu
^lisniSiiloiii ovcr>[OELCs and Cis'ex Imiotitifit underaloncs
fxi^l in ixi clbi? rn IdBba and nonhwc^lMdnlanB fJ ankovsky-
ioncs L9^T,ChaddcfJj^. I*i9li, andGiccnIcc llfl^l.Tbic
BeliiSu Rliiiidi'li'si' / Cure.K Liuift/i [ilani associilion Li i
i: lobcly ilJ lol CD m munLly rm m nDiEhn^lM<>[|lana|G|ccnkf

Roige

Beiiilti glanilflitsa / Caret "liiailala if b mlmr lypc bI inid

f IcvaLlans in » rslcEn M onl am j Hinscn tP ^jf. I '^5 J, and Ihiun^ hoiLl Idiha {Mosclry ciiil L9^I.BLmlh and

MoscLc^y I995j

EnuircHunaitd Oscription

T hiiv to m m umly type occuis Bdjaccnl lo brivcrpoixk, Li^rs . or m anh» , indonsccpi lailc^ andu'ff
al IuvidI If rracf^ adjicrul Id Ihu ^radif nl . mf audf nn^ ^liEims i H a nsen fJ erf [f'i5] Thb L'Dmmuni Li' dccuc
□u raid} u'clFJics lyjihpeil icc; umul alia n , indiciling a pnzdoininancc of inafiobii: piDCCL^fii Inconlriil,
ui mc ui iIIdiv ikEantk, lihc^irVn i^/ /^/irrji riiii^i/FFU iliiHti , connnoiily occ ur on <>□ 1 1» lh al ve btUcr teTtled, ind
brracf tre ncl usuDlly found in p? allantiv. Soils an^ L'Dmmcinly nocHlcd unlil mid Eummf c. and an:5alimml
yf ar HI und Du ai^IIcc^iIi^z. Rizdix l'ddci^ nlriliDus anz prcsf nl jnsDini^ miuf ril bhh 1^, rain ;^ df pLf liu ns IgLfyrd
aDil>oc(Lirrin:Jy. Oij^ani^ ma ILcr a^cumul aliens maj form llo all n^ , qu a kjn^ mabi iilhj< Lyp? izjiciuaih»
Dnloopfn ailcr DncccKlrcmfs bia^ f shal Lo^k orgiuk hn nzons overlying draper m i ncral 9>lI ttiMwecn e' al.

Roige D saipti on

Beiiilo ^<ai\iiiih'io L^UDlnbtilrs in svcmff of 75^ \a ihc nvf islti ry. NTItidc tmmMn^oll't'lr^fl'lSiiJ'iiUcPiu ind
Saiix 'v[iecirs ii? iciuilly pccsf nL The campy caVf rpm^ldrd b> Ihi: v a cio us <hcubs j< ^pir^f Id motlcrilc, bu|
ihf hf rli accDUTi Layccco^frfr higti Assoc; I aird shrubs ini:Ludf RlrnrnminiSiiifoSia and vaciouf h'iIIdivs.
L'ndmBiry spec ifs LzampoiiJ lion i^ depends nl □□ ivalci IrvcEs Thr 4' elirs I silrs 'vuppoil Cii'e> t'lnculalu arul

'i.ijLr^^t^iahLa

35

prc'L'nl in ulncr mIcjD-M lc?i imtar dl'vlurbcd si Hs {H b aHcn eJ uf I9^5>

WildifeVdus

Bi'liita flu'idiit'na \\ a VBluablc biDwic n^rci?^ IDrflk ^ufrlil 1971) C Qmmum Ilc'v dDmlnilcd by Belula

flu'id'itoja may fuiK lion loslabiLlzr chinncL bBnks Ifiequciilly crmi ng avr rhingi n^ banKl anil provide
sh Bile 1. lEilJ ng qu B 1 1 ly I i^h h b bi lal.

SucceBon

The Reli'k' glu'riiiilosit / Caiex ii\"ttiliiiii communHy l>pi: repress nis b iBirly slBblc lypc Grazing my
cktrcasclhc VLgorof bpg birch ind incrcBic Ihe prccncc of spec ics IoIltihI uf grazing i in. I udi ng .l^/inPri
ilaia}uieTa, Foa p miens' i. Ftii palttsSm. and Jiuitits hul'iiui. MBnigcrrtcnl

SBlLirBlcdsoiIji arc highly susecplLbLc li> si>lI comp ac liaii Bnd sire Binb But 'lnughing ^^ hen used by kvcslock
and hcivy mBchmcjy Overuse may rcsull in irdiKed vigoror cvenluaLeLlmlnilioinjl sbimbs from Ihcsilc.
B umlng of Ihis I J pe c an Icmporinly lncirise pniduclLvily of Cfr^ti species Hoi^ e^ er, e arc iho uld be laben
Ahen burning along slreimbank'i bee aiLic of Ihc ex^eLle nl cimiou piDlecIian provided by Errlttla gltiftiinlum
/ C/'remlnath'lii hBbilal lype (Hansenfijjf 1995|

A djacoit C ommu niti es

AdiBcciil.i^cLLer iHei may be domlmled hy SiiSix dnniwcfdiii'/a, S. xere/'nia, Ca/etrt'riailii'aojC
Siis\iic!'iii!' lypes. D ncr ^^ ell and eo m m unll les supporl /'^ji^ jirrrPcrrir t, Fiiptiliis Inclrocufiii. tadFt/'err/rUa
f'lU'Loia.Al higher elev alLDni, adjaieni, v^elland Coresis arc aClcn daminalcd by Fit <^ eiigeliiinii'i'i Dr.^ftrei
/uirocnrfi.?. Adj a^.enl uplBndssiipporLhibllBllypcsfiDm ihe l^'ti las'iitiiTsm. Fseii^nlmga •iimti'eii' . mi
/■jwjjs jJUFrJtrfyi^ se nes, depending on eLrvalion arul ispecl ( h arten tr u^. 1995|.

C on^av^ on R aik

G4?;S4

Efanait Code

CEGLUIIK)T9

EDITION/ AUTHOR
95-09-Q5/L. Willnns

3g

Blue|oint reedgrasBHe"baceousVeget3:ion

■ CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS Hfrbapeojsl^egftaticn

si nila Community e«

S imil HT commum Lifj^ biD^ f br r n ilcst; ci brd b>

MHieiOiilE^Hl rorVcllowMiJucNBlninil

Paik.Psd^cIl eltiS. 1L959| Cor Ul»li ind

Ki ul he iLslizm Id jhn J intfi v'vk> -Jonc.i 1 1 997|

iDriHirLlirnildilu.aiid KavDJcbiika937| Eqc

CBKlf Tn OTTgD n 5 1 [nilircoiniiiEiiill les

damiiuLcd by Ctilt/itngriM'n sSficIti have

bcizn observed inMonlani and Hinrcn^r

III. {It'iSt binvc placed Lfrnc in Ihc

Cjj^uFiriTir rr'irji citnuiSemls iidiKiBLlDn

bizc I LLSC of jumj I acLLii^ In mini^nLcnL

ciLinccirei , m^cnrril C iSnc'a a more

a'^^ion B led 1^ J Lb [I I aiiti env] ronmenls and C.

ci'iiiiiSensM ^^llh mounLaiiiaus ind fonzsled

I B [id'ic ape^ OlliecMudif& have dcic ume nied CaltinmgMii'rs cirnmliTtiii as IbedcimmBnl uodizisa] ly EpeclfE

flowing *[lh a^anelj' of o ibc r a veniUry ^pec i rs. incl uding f^tta ^p. [Hanstn cS ill. }*'95'i. .Miiea

loslocistj?!! jPIIiEerf J al 1977 J, SaStx tt'iimmonibitnu. Spltt ge'enana. incL Salix lu'eit {Hinscn et al

1S95|.

-v.'

Raige

ThHCDmmLinily Cv fouiKl in M Dnlina. W^'omiuf . Idaho, Ul ah , b nd iz aivLrm D icp^n.

Enuiroiuiiaitd DscriptiDn

Thf Calumugsuil'i t-u'iadensii b^bhh:! b lion i^ EouiHlin mcnilane losubilplnf hafaililB inllif im u nl ii il^ □ F
MuulanB. IL Cil>picBlLy Tound in a vanely of ^i^llin^: in de [i nzESJOui] landfcinn^ ^cine of Che aulerbimb
(iiC. ihr dEBwdswn zonrr of ve^elilion, IniieE nieicb^Lis, adjAcrnl Id sinz b mco uim^ and an ilLu^luL Lena^i:^.
ind Ln moisl Eo r?<r o piz nj ngs SojIs in bBsiu selling ace^enmlK loiiny mlnecal Hribk. ivhile ilfi^e iLdue Idw
^ladi rnl El ri! B m^ ace u'iUbIIv coBrae leilurtd illu^iuinE CulitinGjinisiii iraixudifais cpmmuniWdi ll^udLIv
flmd in Ihc^pnn^ Bnddry doMU b> m id- sum me c. \dj bc;c[iI uielliz r CDmiiiiLni Il^j^ ireoEErndcmlniled b«
Ciirr^ aciiiolilij or Ciifex iitficiiltim ind adj Bcenl dniz r ve^ cliliou is iciiiil]> u[i I and CDnifcra u\ foiesl [Manben
ci al. I'HS. tiMisen el III I995J.

Rdige D escripti on

Ciiiarptifniil'i'Liin/idat"i is Ihr domi n bhI ^pei: les in Ibis cii mmiin] I y. i^ j ih l: Bmr[iy 4:a veEBf e Bvmginf 70^
|}iBnBrn±:r^F^ 1995). Though Ihl^ asioi: i bHqd iei a[i[iBi?nlly miiEl abund b nl Ij' daciime nied far M u nl am O^
sluvt-i-anc mini beciullDin i«hizji inEfqicclln^lhe dilB of tiaieicne fttl.. {1995}. They ahoii C. canadcuii
■ nrl CiSnc-'ii Id bc mulually caizIueivc flbei e nzspec live (DnMincy ^Blue^sum lo IIH>S) and I bus Ditfi: annul
drlFnnuif if £iLiiiif □ f Ibe b ^51:11:1 a led Epc( n^ ace mure aliened hvilhani! DrlbeQlherol Ihe CiilinnaniiiSii spp.
TiieeE af CDnkfeiE indof EhiubEian be fonnd in lhi< si-rMcttlMiin. Deicfii'mf^iia ceisiiosa ind Ciirrr.i
UinctilaTa ice Ibe mosl FrequcnlLy a^noci aErd f runinaidn i« 1 lb Ihe f cealcil eok er v al nes. FdHjs [isuall> □c;cuc
il Id4 LZdvrnge bul in Aide vancly, including mosl coiiinK\a\y SetiTit" tiiti'igniiini. \ii/!tispp. and
Ef/llihitt FIT [V Sill 'iiin .

37

3 ucccv^ioml d> niinici of IbiiJi CO m m unlly arcjMiorly undcislood. Pad^c II ti uJ. 1 1 9 S^J dciC nbc cxpiitio n of
Ct/lt/irniR/oi'is ci't'iiiSfiiis lnln Ihe moiil bo rdcis pf f ruddi coFrPn^ J.? slaiuk dying fram bflit bcclLes »ikI
ascribe I hi^ Id lIlClca^ci lh Ihcu^alcrlibLcducIo Ic^s I rBii'v[i i ralLon by Ibic con] Fern M aiL'cn tT uJ. |lfl95^
^uggc^l \'ht\ Ficei' ^\f. I C!'h"P!'£'i?siis <t'ttii!le"sn'.iia\a\un\\\c^ tn: Lilc HcraL ^1 b^i^iv of llh: \hic] lu^roft/iiu//
Ci'liHtiiR'niUs ci't'iiiSfiiis cam.m.un\\-], , * ll h shrub Dvcnlnnci doniLnalliig "■ bicrc dLslurbincc rcmo^ Ci ihc
[rcc ovcr^lorj' Houcvcr, llU nol cic b r i^ hclhcr Ihc Cu^u/Jiujimiirs tuui^denirs co mniunHy iho uld be consid-
ered an CBrly scfbI coimnumly Ihal is uHiniBlcLy in'FBdcd by CDniCciy aiul/or shiubf . Chmgcs m Ihccomposi-
llonoC Ibic Ci'liHii'^'OiUs '.wit'iiensi i zpm.m.un\\y can labc place ivhcn there arc changes in Ibic biydio logic
regjjnc

Maiagonoit

FalalibLlily of CiiSiiiiiifmsl'i caindenj'i vanrsfinm mode rile lo high. He avy gramig c an reduce ihr vigor
oClhisgriss ind lead Id anincrea^rof cxDllcgraniLnoids, \nc\udin~l''i!' lyirlef'sn , Fiii' jiihisliis Agfi'slis
ilolof'^cnr. fhalt/iii unttttS/m/tvi/ ind I he ntHyn Jiinnn hitll/iu^. Hcivily grazed ivellL'r iilesianbciDn-
vcrled lo dominance by Jufim htil'ictti or Ca'ex nebntsccmii tiaiaen etti!. {1995) also si ale Ihal nioderale
[ile-'^a:ion ^rBZ\ngii{ Cti!n"/ngiiii"m/"inScniis li mi Is I he impicl Dn slindfi , espcci ally v^ hen ho i Is »rc dry.

C onsav^ on R aik

GJQ/S4

Elansit Code

CEGLti|ll559

EDITION/ AUTHOR
9- lO-l 2 / J ack Giccnlec

Water BedgeH G^"baceousVegetaior

■ CAREXAQUATILIS^Ve^fHcecus\/^£taO■cn

similar C cmmunilie^

Tivo p h anes d£ I hi^ ashoc i allon, I he Ciiity nipiuiitu and DsithiHtpiiit trnpiloiu phase . have been de-icribrd
for Monliui and deliue respeclively Ihe ivel and dry exireme'v of Ihc ashociallon ( bl anseu tr u^. ]995|.
C!'i€\ ncrttu'il'i haii also been dene nbed h^ aco-dDminanlonndicalDr specle'v IhroughDul Ihcuiesl land
iDLdACvl lo a li m I led eMen IJ In CDmbi n a Ilo n \^\\hCiiTi:xiii'iti'k'l!', Cit/c\ '>pp.. Cffxp't'cgu'ciiis ind
Fhleiim iiliii'iiim. CuiexiiirtmUlM in comblnaliou wllh all Ihe Coigo i ng gramino ids defi neiv four planl is'^dcib-
llorts C t/ipmSilii alsDcon'illlule-k Ihe piincipa] undergiDA Ih species laStillx iilu'irjiilm- and^irfri y\'ii!Jii-
ckominalcd aisocialiDni fHansen tPuJ 1 9? 5 J. llshDuld be noled Ihil H anscn fJ ir' . {L995| considerenl Ci'ii-y
Se"l\ti'k'ns and Cuiicfir as ccDlogicilly amlDgous lo C. iri|UJ^jJrJji, I hough doI y 12^D£lheir TS plnls used
Id define Ihe lype had e i Ihcr of Ih&ie Dihcr Cir^ t^i sp p. as dDminanls.

3B

R oige C ommunitis

S imll B r p] ani CDinm uull ic?i hsve be? n dDcumcnlcd by o Ibicr MikIll's in l' Bslcm Oir^n ( Ku ■ b k bii k L9&T|.ldBhD
|HaLL and HanHcn l?97j, Ulah {PBnlgcll eWi L959|,NcvbilIb iMinnLiig inilPadgcll \'^5) Wyoming
lYoungbloExli-Jir' I9S5), and Co lorado (Killcl el nl. 1995)

E iMromnaitd D Bicription

Cun-T (r(|yj.iir^j] communi lies c an be found bI mid {1.100 icci) lo biigh cIcvBlmn.'i 15,200 fcrl, plus) Ibirougbi-
Dul Manlana ll i^ lypically Couixl i n ilepccs'vLDnal I and Fo^n^ , aid ch b nurlik alo ng M i? amii, Ccn.^, Bmil IumIIoI
in bcivcr pond.^ ThiicommunHj oc;cunvOii bolh minccaL amilDr^Bnn; '.(Jibi llnugh more ci>ninio nl j on the
lallcr Soil rcacllonh iir iLiually iridic ind v^ alcr Levcl'v \aCiiTi:x ittp't'lilu <.am.muniMe'. iLiuaLly rcmamhigbi
ihiDughoul I he gmivi ng HcaiiOii, Dcc aivLDnal Ly dropping bclD^^ I he roolingzonc mdrj ycBPv Adj accnl v^ cllcr
cominuni llCk include Cumx iiinti'li'li' and Ciirsxlus'iK-a' pa ^Mjvti, while dnercommuiilli«i could Include
Jinri'ts bi'liuu^ Ct'tiimt'xmsi'j m/iitiieniii. or meadows domlnalcd by Dciclriiiniii'n fesjfilani fHjnscn
ems. LyS5|

Raige D Biripti on

Ciirexiitp'tUiliJ iscLciily Ihc dLi m mani spec ic?i inlhl'vplBiil ashuc; iilion, b I though ll cm be found grou' ing
K'UhfignirLciul coverage of ol her gram i nojiLtiv piMlcularly Ci'iex uSnculalit and Ciimx Jimi'li'li' in IheucHer
c n> linnmenii o r DfSL /j^jjFjjj Tjrr ' L'lfrJ'j Tu m Ihesomeu'hBl drier pha^c of Ihc same mmc. Hiiten t^ ^jJ.
|1995J have arbllrBnly eivlibliivhed Ihal 25'A or grc Bier canopy cover of C f f Pj j\ jjJuru denolcv aivhifl Eiom ftie
C u^furj'ri lo Ihe wellerC ffPn'tTJ^uFu aisociallon Loiv coverageof shrubiv'iKh BiSirfn ivp or
Ffiliij?h'tlii'<leiji«fhiittiS!' m»y also be found gmivmg in Ihi' ashoc; lalion. Lou' coverage of a v b nely of
forbi may be found in Ihiscommunily Ihesc forbsmij i nc lude Ht^Ej/Ff r urverr]^] , Calrttm Tnjrdttv , .iHer
ocaiSenlalis. tnl Epitobium &^p. {H amken i?J jjf 1995, Hansen f J oT. 195ttJ.

Sifccesion

CurfT (rf,yji7^/j] communi lies pro b ably repre-^eul a fairly ivlible plani ashociallon. Bllhoughlhesucc;essional
pBlhu'ayvfor Ihiscommunily are poorly uruleiHlood. EH; an colonize expanses of mineral sinl such as dried
Dul beaver pondi f h ansen tP ^jJ. 1995), bul ilcan also oc;c;upy si les on organic soiliv. "■ hic h ly pk b1 I y experi-
ence more an aerobic condi Iioili.

Maiagonait

Clife^ iti/m/lrlij U considered moderBlcly palalabfe lo livesloct. and poorgriJing managemeni practices c in
impacl ihis p I ani community by c iiti ng dec reasCk \a Den.lmi?/ii]ia tesprSiiiu and increases in Ji'iittis
hallrnii arul exolic grassc arul Ihioiigh Irampling damage lo organic hciiIs. However, due lo Ihe ihizomaloui
hibll of Ihis sedge disl urbed 'lies do ivland a chiitce of i m piov i ng npidly once Ihedisluibance level U
reduced IKovalchik 19S7). This species' rhizomes c in alsoslrongly anchiir and <l abil i ze sire ambinks.

Consav^on Haik

G5ISA

Elanait Code

CEGL00IB02

EDITION / AUTHOR

99-10-05 /Jack Greenlee

39

Buxbaum'E Sedge H erbaceousVegetalion

■ CAREX BUXBAUMII H erbaceojs VegeOtf en

Siiril a C omrnuniti^s

IhcIlhIcv Ihc Ca'ex biixbitiiiiii-Cn'tx saxaliHs fTiihy 1931) c I and Ihc Curex hmbautni'-Carex aqunirHj
iMallsan 19B4J h I and [ihisrs Hanitn ei nl. 1 1 995) giDupii Ibiis communlly ^inlh Ctirbx luirf* a/pa and
Cnrex lu/ittxittiiiu farmanBgcnmnl purpp^c^. PIcirc {L956| and PBiigcIieiiil (1939) iliodcicnbc Ibiis
CDimniuilly l^pr.

Roige

Cn'ty biixbiiii'tii is b minoc communi ly lypr In Ibic Uinli Mi>unl ai ni □ F Ul abi iy?sl?jn and soulh-ccnlcaL
Montana, ^clIcjwMoue ^JslmnHl Parh. Bnd four di^Junc I accasnfldihD

EiMronmoitd D ecription

ThL^Cl^mmunJLy lypL^u^^un^ innmlcFalrly bnnsd valLry bolloiii'v, i n dcpre^sm n bI ucrlint li^f glAclal

pulholcf, inpcBlland'i, and on lake plBiniv Saluralrdsoll condillorei pciM'il In Ibi? 'ludacc pcalfiDm mid
spnn^lo mid 'summer WBlcr levels, may ihc n drop lo Ibic ho i L surface or, o n drier ^limt Id icvcraL dec Lme-
lci!i bcloiv the surficc

R aige D aaiption

Cn'ty biixbiiii'tii isilu'ay&dojuimm in Itiiscommuully, wilh 25'^ orgrcal^T caver Curex ai/nalrHs tnd/oi
Cnre\ laxu'il'i arc ^o mcllmr'k prrscnl Bnd occasionally arc co-daminani O Iticr ih^idcI b Ics imludc
Dei'-huiiiiiia cei;<ilos!i, Catlhu >eplai€;<iilii. Eincclmns imuc/JSora, Sef'C'C"? cymhulnniiiici, P'^".iiliini
gTti€ttliiiid\t!', tiRiiJlmiiii Ifimjnl'wii. Cnn:x iwiuRwiiia, C rtui^ulu'ii. C. ImiucuTsm. C. vitnLuSti. C.liv/i!a,
C. FF*inuttJJSJi, C lining, nit it' i, anil C sitniiiutii iPad^cl I i-J ir^ 19 59 J

Maiagonori:

Herbage p rodiic Hon viiicv Fn>m low lo modcrale. SBlurBled soils ire a nalurBl delerrcm lo llveslockgra/Ing
Alleralion of hydrology and subscqucnl dew alcnng may resul 1 1 n cammiini lieiv dj m i naled by Ca/ex
binbaiimi' being accesi^lblc locallle Fencing d£ Ihcsc reLili^cly small com munllies K b praclical mana^c-
mcnl melhod fo r reslo tb lio n i^heu Ihc hydro logic regimi: isinlacl

A djacoit C omrxj niti es

InMonlBm adjKcnl i^ c lli:r 'illcs \.ni\a^ StTfiui octil'ij. Ctirex laimca/pa. nfd Ca/px rtTnciilnin. ind
»d]»ccnl dncrsiles inchidL' I'l^st ln//rtpi/ii t-cip/lt'st/ »nd Ju/r* iii lin!'n.'ts commuaMte^ (Pierce 1936).

C onsov^ on R aik
Elonoit Code

CEGLUIIiail^

EDITION/ AUTHOR

95-06-09 /L.WillLims

4Q

Woolly Sedge H erbaceousVegetalion

■ CAREX LANUGINOSA /YfTteceojsVegetatim

Simila CDmnuibttQ

tiaiaen L'l ti!. 09^5) incLudcd Ihc Ctimx k't'iifiiom planl as.^iKl»lion m Ihc Ciimx !niiin.iirfii habilil lypc
pcircivmg Ibicy had ^Imll ar minagcincnl coitidcralLDri'i nouicvcr. Ihc livo connnunll iCi dilfcr i n Ihal Cir/ex
!!iii'<LiiTj?ii HntU lo occur on si ighl I y BcuHicnrganic sdlI'v IHbI arc pcrmincnlLy wcl , Ahcicis Cu/ti
k"'iifliiOiii cominuiiillc'v arcnflcn Cound in milill) brBc;ki^h mBrnbic' Ihal d ry dou' n Hcasonall j fLcica l^4j.
The Curex liiiii'£i"«ja — Ciiliiiiiiigi'is\\i I'Ht'u aisoci alLDn of Ihiz Daknlaii and * eslcrn mid-* Cil may have a
EtmllBTil} HiBli^MiDngcrlhan c k p refsenl In Ihc name alone Icanildrring I h a I Ciiin"/ii/;n']"i i'rcSu is a majac
comjvncnl of Ihc Cnrey luiii'^imisii ashociilion, asfnuiuLl in Monlini, ibaul 30% of Ihc limc|

In add I lion lo Monlini, Caiei. k't'iifiiioni daini nalcd communi llcv have iIho been documcnlcd for Idaho
IHall and Hansen I ^ 7 . 1 ankovsky-JoncN I99T| and caslcrn O regon ^Ko^alchl^: I9S7| anil icponctl from
Colorado, Wa^hinglon, Ulih and BnlishColninbia

E iMronmoitd D Btription

Carex l<'mig\iii'S!".<\a\a\u.n\\\'^€in bcfoumil il loi^ lo mid clcvallons In *eslcrn andcicnlral Monlana Thcc
m a nvti eommum lies arc itu ally found in de pres.'loiti older n>enne slough.^, v^ el mcHkiw areas along
ciecks, ind in well ant focmenl by spnngs and seeps Elands pnmanly o<cucon mildly brickKh minenl
Eo I Is ihal are seasonally flooded bul ivhieh itnally dry dnwn by lale summer Adja^cnl wellercDmmimi-
lics Include shallow maishiommunilie'dominiled by Ci^ti ulnntlirhr. Curei iitji/i"i!n , Ct/ic\ /leh/aic-i^niii
orSti'piiJ 'Pt/Wi/rtui.vih\[c adjaienldner leivs frequenlly Hooded com munllies may be dj mi n a led by
Deichavs'Jiu ceipiloia. Jii'icttJ hul'rcui.D/il/thlii i'//i'ii.arslBiyt{o{ ci^Iic p as I u re g cashes hiicFlilcw/
pruJffusff »nd Fniijiiiiiilni Upland communllies arcoflendominaled by A/Scineiiii fafu oi \fleiiies'!'
indef'hr'it aL Lo*crelevllons indby Ihe Abim k/iiin.iifiii and Fiettii'iS^ttxti mcuziL'iii aencs al higher clevi-
lions

R oige D escripti on

The general impression of ihiE ashocialion is of a grimlnoid-domlnaled maish Ahcrcshcub'v and Corbs are i
mi nor CO mponenl Cumx limuEt""]!' ly pic ally domlnile'v Ihesecommunilics indduc lo lis rhiAjmalou'v habll
oflen Cormiv dense 'vlindi *ilh hcivy cover. This aivsoci alion is be-il djc umenled for Monlana |32 ploU fjom
jusi Hansen tJ.^^. 1^95), al Iciivl as il iiv b roidly co ncei venl of .\ccepling Ihal high coverages of C.?rti
k/iiociirfin/"ii Cure' hu\btittfm/ define sepirile plinl issoc iilions Ihcn Ihc only ^raminoldsoCeven modcr-
aleconsl»ncy (>20 % ) for Ihis aivsocialion |»siloccuPv in Monlinir are Ciiiiiti\ii/;ni]l/] ilntit/, Ct"fx
t'liiciitalt'. D€jcli<"ppiiii tvit'i'osi' and Jmnui hirll/tui.Conimcniy issociiled Corbs Include A/t/jr//^j
i'iv€m'i.l'olfil'Ha!'"Sfn"ii.Fi'<e'iliHiii't'kisi'fi arul T'fgloc>'iti •iiiinl'iiiiii, a num be r o E fo rbs, Including
EqtmeUim spp . occ aivional ly alliln high cover viluci |>30%>

Succesion

Liifex /irrjjjg iJEr']^ commu nil les pro b ably represcnl a lairiy ivlible planl ashociallon, given a relallvcly slable
hydrologic regime. Moderaledi^lurbance could cause increases in Jwicm bat Hcin az tny paik line grasses
pjcseni, 1 1 ke Fojj jij uJt//irs or fWoj/n pnilL^tie |Hinsenrt of . I9?5j

41

Maiagonoit

Caiei iii/uffiinuiiuh highly pDlaUbLf Jiid CDinm uull i^ a cm bn ad---cistly i [up DclctJ by Bciboii-lDiif ^mfi Dg,
[I dclLculijIy « hf n gm^in^ mindgf [ncnl pncl icr^ ciiei^ idcieibaJ dn hi' iu: u LLin^ dC ^liram c h b nurl'v, i^' hjc h id
Irm ulLrislhi! biyilioLofy o[ Ci'tf /ujprrfjunsu CDmrnunj Lll^ Idc Bled In lloDdp I Jin 'vclli ngh Hoi^ ev rr, iluc li>
Ihc rtil/DmilDiTi biB bj L of IhLi sedge , (lislurbed SI Lc?i do il B nil ic biuncc aE Impni vi nj; ri|iii]]y once Iticdalur-
h in[:c IS remrrved dnil i E Ihe disCucb b hl^i! Level Lsu'riDDhlghfKDvalcliik I'^E?).

Coiuav^on Raik
Elmmt Code

CEGL0QIS09

EDITION / AUTHOR
99-HHJ5 ^Bck Greenlee

slender Sedge H erbaceousVegetaior

■ CAREX LASIOCARPA /Vfrbapeajsl'eg^tiCTi

SlmJIdi Communities

S Dine c] BRii fii: BlmiUk Inc ludc ^1 Hmb
dominBled by Caret Irni'/^ifoia in ihc
CoreT Sas\uiiifj}a piBnl issoclBlion
(Pierce ]'!ft6.HBnHnerjj/ L9'J5|.diir lo
Bim 1 1 jnlles In sLruL:1 UJT Bnd mana^ emeni
conccETtk Cun^'A Ii'fug'noin lends Id
□ccur □ n miDcial soiJs, iv biJc Cu ret
luirocarpa a mciEl ottcu louad an ov^aiac
BDils (Hjitcn l'JjjV L95II.LesicB 19941.
Cirri^i biixhitiwMi sluncLs BJt uLho included
in Ihe Carei lasif/ciii}iii hBbilBl lypc by
some cl uailic bIidhs d ne Id £1 m i I an [ie£ i a
mana^emenl concerns (Kov ale 111 L l'J37.
Hniuen ±:r ir' lf'}5].

■miD w JkiiQcLi

Raige

The Cunrt iniincufpu communily lypc iikdislcibuled^lQ ball}' Ihrouglhiul Che ixi rllie en be m i^plie ee, i n llie
neslem U HI led 5 riles il i?i a mininr Ivpe lucaslcm W ashin^lon. ihe UihIb MQunlBinsof UlaK sourhcaslcin
Ida ho. I hiuugbou I miu; bi of K-l □ nl an B . a nd in ccnlcalVelJciv^slDiie National Part

EiMianmaitd Desoiption

The Ciirei ^mil^Lll'}Hl pLinL asikCic; laiiou usiiaLLy ciec upies fDimcr I ake bisins. lang-ibandoned beB-er ponb,
palliDleE, Dudlake and si re am mii^in:i Itial fii'a c rhc BecumulBlicinDf peal. Dec asiouilly Ihis CDininuuily

41

oci: un^ as do Bllng or quak] ng m abi on fl uml pcBl subsoil This ikik. iiliou c an of Icn be faund i n LnlcmicdLal? la
nchlcn^ The '.(j i Is aic itu b 1 1 y or^ b nic . * ll h accumulalloiti of sedge pcH.Thi^lypc is lypicaLly an iiulicalar
of 1 'viable hydrologk regime v^ ilh yearlong saluraleil soi I cdiuHi lio iLik In I he mo I zone al im nimiim. This
commum 1} i: an lolcralc je ailong flooded coihIiIidib.

Raige D acripdon

Carex >iiiiiitiiTS<ii damLnaleslhe eommumly wUh JO-SO'S cover lloflen fifrmi mo nocuLlurcs in sedge
meaiHoiyi inMonlBna. Cmei iilri* ttlu'u and C. Iii"iif,"iniii are of len Jhe onl j Diher species *llh hLgbicnn-
Elaney

WildlifeVdues

O lleis. beaver, 'vand hil] cranes and u' alerfowl use Ihishabilal lype lor bedding and Coraging areas. Ills
imporlaiH habilal fo r raplots , deer. indeLt Deer use Ihe lype lorfaiynmg f tJ ansen tr ^jJ I ^5 J.

Succeson

Kloderaledl'vlucbaneeu'ill InciraHe Cir'c iri/iial/in^, Jwici'i bitSl'ti'i and ashoci aled foibs. Severe di&nir-
bancc {reiiiilling In dev^ alenng) may lower Ihe ivaler lable andcaite ihesile Id be dnminaled by P«ii
fi'uleiiiii. F. iiiiliiil"j, Fiii€iiiit>ii u'litwii', or \giiii'ii sSiil'i/iiJcnr

Maiagonait

D rougtil ye B nv may make BO acceHnible Id bolh demesne and Alld grazing HnlmHk IhatcculdcauFie lulled

and biummoct sdlK on mar^iniv TheHcslles arc generally ho ucI as lo [ireclude irtDSI lypes of rec realLonal
lines enepl fishing Heavy dislurbancesuch as from ORV use ivbioiild be avoided bee ause I he or^ a nic hoi Is
are ivlow lo recover Cn^m me^ hani^ al damage High ivalec lables make b uming dlfTiciill bullire can be used
Dnsilcs adjaceni Id Cloodplainiv DominanI Hedges o F I hiiv h.l are rcsislani lo damage by £irc en;e[il where hoi
fires [lenelrale Ihc peal soil. 1 1 has oFlen been Ihc [loliey or land manageislo Irap amil hill be av er bc^ aite
ihey can be a nuisance However be^aite beavers [injduLe such desirable habilal and provide many benefi-
cial si re am fune lions, Ihcir removal from a npanansyslem needs lo be closely evalualed (Hansen fJuf
1995).

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Adj aecnl, welle r SI les may be dominaled by Ca'ex iiliiciiSufii. C mpmSili i. or C /jefi/uifff^Eidi commiinil les.
Dner Hild may be dominaled by DL^cln/irtpiiii caiii't'st/, irlei/niimniia / Fci'ru ir /tSt/lrocttin. oiJwiciii
tirMiJj^communilies. .\djacenl uplands can be cbminaled by A/Scvsia Snde'tiaia.ai t variety of conifer
communilies ^H ansen fJ id'. 1995)

C onsavdion R ank

G5/S5

ElanaitCode

CECLUOISIO

EDITION/ AUTHOR

95-07-11 JL.Williams

43

M ud Sedge H erbaceouBVegetaiion

■ CAREX L\M OSA Her baceousVegetBtiai

Siirilo' ConiminiUfs

In U[ih. Carex liniom ippcin lLds^ ly
icLilcd Id ihf C litii'iiltlis cilhiiiiiiiiii F^
lypc .^ Hh "■ hich ] L bi ciommoiil J
fcflKLilcd iFnd^clLtP irV lflS9V TliL,
BBaii: LdliLtn iiKlud^s M a Ldi.'Hn^ 1 L '^M^
C limi'Ki scnc^ end phaiif^ Ji^scnbcJ
fo r Lbic central porLion of \ cl Loa'sLq mz
[^lUanil Pach.

hu-... J...

IniddLliDD la MqdIihi, iheCiirfT

li/npiii ccinimiiuly ly [ic i?i dliln [i uIizlI

lhmii|f houl I he nonhcm hcniisp here , in

Ihc ^L esLcm U ni [cd Slile$ lI i:^ anijnor

lype jn The Uinli Mdei n I di n:i of U I nh, ^oci I he jule rn lElahi), Lhntii^hDuL m ucli □ [ M □dLbdo, ind bi& becndacn-

menled Erc^m Wnmin^'^ Ye] iDv^^ldue N iliDuil Pijk. isiyell HsCaliforniD

EiMrnnmaitd DsuipfiDn

Thuh cominuni ly type is ilssdl i iiLcd V^ 11 h jxind ani] 1 1 ke in i rglnH, ini]l>|kLcil1y drkrlDpsDnEloBEln^arquHbLnl
maUk ]l mty abiOQicucDii lo-n- ^rDilienl i nflows □ r auLCIows of poiKk □ c 1 d ke' iHiiCicn emS. J ^5], Sites ore
uiuilly veiy paoHy dciinciJ a il h peisiTilenl ly «il UTiled w i Ih a L jmdi n^ h b Lee in spjiu^

Ratge D esuipliDn

Caiti ItPiviu l:ui'cc luifB liom Jfi-'iVm 4 H Buae n ff o^. 1995}. In MoDFina, Cinex iiiriatlpia and
Venyiiflfm Sn)oltiiSii Jic commDnL} issdci iled species.

Wildlife Vdus

Oncra, beaver, 91 nd hi Ll cranes, and u'aLcrfou'L use IhiscDmmunily lype for bedding and foEBf mg aic^s
4>til1wn 19)14).

Succeson

C/irej lim/'jfl Kk considered aslible, long li^edcDnimuiill> Ly pe. hov^ ever, deu alcnn^ Hnd subsequenl
dccD m posi rlQD ^r □ rgBnie £Di Ie miy rtsuLl in a^hilT in Epci:les ea m posj Lion due hi m^isicinliy cotlie species
DC an incicise in spec les ivuc b is Cunrx itijiitiDhi 4 P idgell ?J irf L9lt9|.

These siLes ore gencr'Uy so ^vel b^ to preclude mosl 1> pes of | tycslQC k ind lec reDlLDnnL [ibes

44

AdjdCBit ComnHinities

Ailjuirnr, lypirrr^ilr^ lihIucI? rhc EJi-ocha"s pitiK-iJInni Eiabilal l>pir L>rD[if n hi'ili^c A J| D^:f nl, dncc ^i Lrs
■n[:lLidf Ifac Cnsexiiincttlala, C iitftiuUl/i, C i^iiroca/pa.atScirsnis uciilua b-LlHaiaai f al. 1995).

CoiuQvdJan Hank

G3/S-1

Elanait Code

CEaLIXILBH

EDITION / AUTHOR

95-07-IO'L Willinmi

BBaked 5edge H erbaceouBVegetaJan

■ CAREX UTRICULATA Herbdceais Vegetation

Simildi Communities

Thi^ srd^ ipcc bra "■ H^ prcMoiBly

lliDu^hl Lo be Ciirr^ riMt'ola. iihlch

uia^ jncludol In minv co mmunLLy lypc

nnnics IhiDugliDiil ihf ycsl. We nam

\inayi LhiL C. ttlricuSii'ii hid been

misidriUlficd uf- C foilntTa IGnriillis

1 ^X9J. Thi5 IS a i^'ell-€li:ii:iimcjilcd

[:oiiimu[ii [y type. HBiaen fi itl.. lL995f

plflcci Cit/et ul'icuSii'ii. C. iviicafio.

Bad U athfifJira iDgelheTuilhin Che C

n'slium b-i. [dt nunnfcmenl purposes

HaiLicn tPnV i[995\ also icto^ni^tc

bcvccaL vc^eLaLiDn-denoleil [ihasej^Df

Uic C. nuSrala habiLiI lype Iplinl

aisDC] D [jn m [hal bear e' Dinj n Bl 111 n Tur rle v b Lm n la rheusDclaban level, given Iheenvinrunienlal r\lirmrs

Dk er ui hk h Ihliv b'JiCC] aLiou no hji oee uis

Raige

Thtk JiDnuiLunlly Dceuri In ihe rollo'*' i ug.ililes. WashlngH] fl OregoiL Nc^ idi, Idaho, Monlana. Wyamli^
Dlih, New Mrwco. BJid C QlQrado.

EmiromiiHitd DscriptiDii

This CDDUiiLin] I y l?i v^ idcspirid il modenle lo bj^li e lev b rm o^ i n I he mounliins. rare I y [be iDA-eleviUon
V d] levs (I r (I n vclcanic plaiiLV. 1 1 occuri m a iv ide vinely ol I BihtiL' ape se lliu^ ^uch a5i LuuimihJ' In bmad
Mllei ba ILom?! □ n meidoA's. aecps. sLicim Eeica^cs ind i^ ca m monly a^noci aEed u' lEh poiHts andsJougb^ LliaE
hive EJ I led in 1 1 c an Qceur in slindi ng iv b lee or mn sj Les Ihil betcime rel alively dry d unng the iBlLrrparlaFbe

S-UrmniR

45

grou' I ng TIC B.10 n. Valley bo I Id m grid ic ills bfc Ipiv [Padgel' l'I irl [9S9: HbII and Hansen 1997). SdlIs Bre
classlfieil as Hi'vlbio]^, Molli'iii III , and I ncepi i^dIs, a nil Enlbio]^. M lueral so i Is anz generally vcr^'orginic-mallcr
Fich BinJoflcn ha.iz aninciplenl biiMn. iz pjpcdQn fo rmi ng all he surface These sdlIs m»y rFeiiliiilly beeome
Hisllsols. Moiilol he mi neri] soils ace riuc-lcxlurcd and hive hifh waler holding cap aeily The soils ire
SBluralar 1o ihesurfiee ucLI Inlo Ihc summer aiul Ihe ivalcc labLc is nsu bJ Ly uiilhln 2 feel of Ihe surface laic
iniD I he grou' I n^ se aso n (CiDive and C I ausnilze r L997|

Ratge D ociipliDn

Ci^rti d^incTff (tPo lypic b1 I y c* hi bi Is moni>spcci Fie do m i nance inlhiscommunily, lyllhdeILse^.o>er. Cit/irc
ncbniikc/iiij. C. lifPttlahr, C iiqi'tUiln, zwilov Jimtiii bftl'iiu may be abundani i n Ihis s[le^. ies-]>DO r camniu-
nily. LElleroClen a^^uniulales and CeA species cineslablish on Ihesc o rginic , [lecm aneni I y salucaledor
inundiled soils. This is "'hywillou's are rarely picseni inlhiseommunHy |li anscn sf o' 1995, Manning and
Pidgcll 1995, Crowe andClausnilier 1997)

WildifeVdus

Thiscommunily performs a vilaL role in miinlaming ABlerquaLily ind aqnilie heallhin hcadv^ Her sire ams.
FasI beaver iclivily is o£lcn evident in Ihis communi ly lypc, and Ci^ti uSnculalir is orte of Ihe species Likely
Id pioneer rK*ly lliioded beaver pr>nds. PilalabiLily appears Id be loner I h an £o r olher sedges such is Cures
nebniikc/iiis nrC nirttu'il/i fPidgcll tPuA 1 9119 J. Ct/ic\ ulniitlahr provides valuable breeding and feeding
grounds Cor a ilerfoivl and snipe CDrrimon yclloivl hioals. rrd- a inged bl ackbirtt, song sp anoivs, and Irec
su' allows are comrrtDnly issoeialeiLl lyllhlhls^.omlnunlly (CioAe and Cliusnilzcr 1997J.

Sufx^aon

Ciue' iiHsci'h'la isi widespread spe^.leslhll occupies mmeTil Dr organic sniLsu'ilhseBsi>nally high a Her
libles Thiscommunily lypieally iDlDoizes iccenlly formed ponds ind^Dr silcs inoradjaicnl lo lou'-gridicnl
sircam channels ll has been observed Ihil C. jjp"t jjJjjru has highcreoverDnsilcslhal are seiso n il I y flooded
conlinually inundaledsiles had dec re ased shoo I densi ly. 1 1 cancolonijc permanenlly Hooded si les oflcn
doing SD from Iheouler edge. Assi>il ind li Her build up, Ihcse siles are more conduci^ e In inercised C.
W'liultiSn dominance This species is relalively long-lived and miinlBirLsdominiih.e Ailh high soil moislure,
communilies are il polenlial forlhesesiles An soil moisloic decreases, ol her species ^Eich ■& C
nebuiske'iiis. C. livttit'a, or Denhiimiiiia '.esjfiloiu miy replace C i/lncttta'B {M inning ind Padgell 1 99 5 J.

Maiagonoit

Though C iiinti'li'li' produ. es 1 a rge arrh>unLsol herbage ever^' year, il apparently is irl a lively onpalal able lo
li>eslDck. especially as il malures. 1 1 is coarse sedge u'llh high amo unls of si I ica in lis leaf cells ThetlcrLsc
nelwort of rhizomes and rools pnjvidcs ekcelleni slrcambank slab ilizi Inn.

A djacoit C omminiti^

B ec aide dE the u' ide e lev alion and geographical dcilribulion, adjaceni upland communilies can range from
sagebrush-sleppe al Ihe loAer eloalions Irare^ lo adi>eisily of mcmlane and sub alpine conifeioit foresi
lypeb. Adjaceni dneru'ellartd communilies i nc lude vanoici wi I loui co m m unities , and weller siles include
lyi'hti h'l'jnl'i' and St j^fif i (rtTf Pjji communi lies (Hansen ffTu/. 19951.

Consovdi on R a\\t

G5;S5

4g

Elanait Code

CECLOIH562

EDITION / AUTHOR

1993-01-02 /B Hmclcy

nflaed Sedge H erbaceou3Veget3:ion
■ CAREX VESICARIAfVerbaceajsl/egefatfOT

Simihi Communities

The Cjjn?T vfrituf Ti^ communi ly type s ■« mclLiiiL's ] iicl udcd *llhlii Ihe Cnrey iilnci'h'la IcrtDnroitly cillal
CjjrFT*oiJr(rrjj}[:oinmuiiily IKovilchIk L9?3, Hkiaenetat. 1995 Hall ami HarLHcn 19971- RcH-'ions lor
lumping arc I h Hi Curex luslnitu Bnd Ca'ex vesicai'ii hit somrl i me^ d i CCi^ ul I lu dl'vlluguish aiml iicccaLo^icaL
anHlogubv. They may fonn mlxi^ <l BiHt ^hireMiTiiLarecolo^ic;al require mm Is Bnd 'I BiHt dC e ac bi may
form a complex [nubile dC iimall pUchcs iKovilchik I99i; Hansen fiuf L995, M inning ind Padgcll L995,
CiD*c and C Liusnllzcr 1997, Hall and Hansen 19971- Moicoflcn, houcvcr. Ihc livo communi lic^ aic eisily
disllnguishcd bj Ihcir monDspccific i^liiiiti. MilliDn |l9S4^siib-dividcd Ihe Cun-t veijiuni^ coniniuiilly Lnlo
ph»sc-i b a^cd d n in-domlmnc c by albicr spec lcs Ai'l'/ )t'ln/t-cui. Deiclruvi's/n *viii/'ii]it, and Ca'ex
pijOJ^jJif n. O Ihcr c I assLrLcil ions h»> c nol rccDgni zed I hezc phases or have grouped I hem i^ i lb olher co mmu-
nlly l>|>«i.

R3ige

Ciifex vencfiii Is a m ajo r eammunily Ijpe villi a *ldrppjrad ran^e. 1 1 \^ tnou'n fiom the 10 1 Id* lug arca^;
ccnlral and nojlhc aslcm O regon lliovalcbik l9S7,Croi''e andClaLisnLlzer L997|, YeLloiviloncNallonal Park
and ebic* here inu'cslem Wyoming {Millajn 1 9 54, Youngbloral tr i^J. 19S5V LTinlaMounlainsof Ulah
|Padfelltr,?J. 1989), moM of Manlana |lianwnffJn'. 19BSI; Ihe Hcnij' sFork ba-sm o F c aslcm Idaho
lYoungbloixl elt'l I9S5; Jankovsky-loncs 199ftl and norlhcm [dahi> |J ankovsky- Janes L 997 , J antd'F sky-
Jo ncN |inpicpaialioii||, bol h side o F Ihe C asc anle Mounlimsin Washlnglon |HalPi>n 1984 Crouc and
Clausnilzci I997| and Ihecaslsidcol Ihe 3 le rra Ncv anl a along lbcC»lilomL»-Ne>»d» bonier (Manning anul
Padgcll 1995| The CjjrPT iTrinin^in eommuni Ij a pnjbablj c i re umbarcaL Ln dislnbulLon (Hallson I9IMJ.

E nuironmaitd D oai pti on

The Cunix VL'ir^unff communilj occunv in>eiy lou' frtdienl and ivide ucl mcadou's, f loodp I aLit , ba?iln&.
and ForesI o pe nmgs. The Ca'ex itsjcir^ ru eommuni ly is moslco m monLy founul In su' ales Fen^, ^1 ac Lilly
formed kelllc pomt, pol holes, illlcd-in beaver punnts or po nds "■ i lb bloivn-nul d ams, a nd o Ibcr closed
driinigcionca'FilLes (HalDiDn 1984 Manning and Padgell 1995.Cniu'c and C LiiCinllzcr 1997, Jankovsky-
JoncN |inpreparallon|| ll is also Founilon poorly drained shoicLlnes of ponds lakes, rescrvoinv. springs.
D>erflD* ibannel';, arul sLreamside allu'Fial lerraces Ihil are (lnoded In Ibc spring inJ ha>esLaruling *»lcr
ihraugh mosloF I he summer groining season (YiiungbLnod tP uJ L955, hovakbik 1987, H ansen tr i^J. 1983,
Padgelltru;. 1989, J ankovsky-Jones L996, Cmive »nd C I ausni Izcr 1997, J ankovsky-Junes L997, Jantovsky-
Jones linpreparallonjj The spring and early summer u'alcrdcplh vanes finm 12 lDO>er 50 em foccasion-
ally less, espec I al I y dun ng drougbl] bul drops by laic summer or fill in mosl yeiis (Malison 1954,
\ oungbloDil fJ Id'. I9S5; Kovalchik 1957, Janhuvsky-lones |in prcparaliun]). .\flcr i si le dries ihe wilcr

47

Iiblcdmps bclou' I hf surf 3C f over 30 1: m Ihj ugh I h? sitl] iLfually rcmaiiLi moi^l bI L y? b r fM allno n L9S4,
hovalchlt I ^87 J This niDlivlurc flu* c; re ales primou need molllLng Bnd ^leyi ng of deeper m i neral ^dlI. SdlU
aic iLiually deep, rinc- let; luce nl miurnl dc organic 'il I lo h ms wilh tiigh Dcg b nii: inHllec BeeumulBlion ind
f Uec balding c apta ly

R aige D Btription

3 pETCies d I ve lyily isrclalivcly \o^ in I he Cirnx v€]/tiina nominutiMy Carex veiiamn is clearly ilaniinanl,
fij mil ng dense Mands i5 lo 6lJini lall, iyilbi40 lo 50^ cover and lOOSf conivlamy iMallson I9B4, hovaLehik
1 9 57; C roue BniiClaiLinilzer 1997; I ankavity-Jiine-i |inprcparallnn|| Shrub or Ircc species arc rarely
prescnl *ilh negligible caver. The iin]>arl»ni c of alhcr ashoc i alcd spccie-i varies due lo Ihe maislure chiric-
Icrl'kllc'k [e g. [lermBneiUly Hooded versus seasonally flooded) of each Ca'ex venca'iu ^imi iMBllson I9II4|
For ei ample, Ihe ucHe'vl phancof Ihe C!'i€\ ^tirti^ju communi ly, «■ here ivlind i ng iv b ler li over 30 cm In Ihe
spring, his lou' diveisily and is composed of milnly C<"e'. vesitviiii u'llh lou' c;overofolhcr species such as
Cmey iiHici'h'la fMallHon 1954; Kovalchih 1 987 J. Siles ivi Ih less ivpn iig si Bnding "■ aler, whu. h m ay dry only
In Ihe fill, have higher cover of Cnr^j ugtfjjfifrs (lesiilhan 7^ cover and 2i'A eansUncyl wilh lo* cover of
Denltuiiiiiiiii f€Jj?iloiii. Cuk'miig'iiiUi ti'i'iiiSfiiiis. tndGalriurt ivpee les {M »l Ison 19 84, Groove and
ClaiCinllzer 19971. Olhcr species associilcd ivilh Cnrt:x vi?ir( ^j/jf r o n si les "■ i Ih long perioitof slandlng
IV Bier include. Eleoclia'u ;<iiliiiliis (IciS Ihan I 5^ cover and 45 '< zuyyi-itjxy]. Jiitttm bi'liiciis {IciS Ihan
8^covcr Bnd4?St co niil jnc y| . G'jtenn fioj tjj^j], Sjji" j(.?Frjjj/n species feg Sj?iif^iiii'U"i eiiefni't.S
eiirycm iiii't'l, EtjuriCttv _^ttyiit"lff. Z'liiii'u ntp't'lrai, Ca'ex a'!v/iiilei. P'r/'xii/ittv si/Ltici, Fhataiis
anittih'io'.ea, and Ulnci'laiiii specleiv (Malison 1954, Kovalchit 1 987 . H anscn tr i^^. l955;Croi'c Hnd
Clausnilzer 1997 I antzovsky-Jones 1995) E el ler drained slles, *hich are nor>ded inivpnng hul dr>' in
sumiiKr, are co-iLlominaled by iHtic/EfTFiT/u^u fciiii't/sa (less Ihan 12^ cover and 75^ conivlancy] or \i'er
Jolitureiti llesslhin tl% cover and 23* conslancy) fMallmn 1984 Kovalchik l957;Cmive andClau-snilzer
1997) O Iher ivpee les commonl y aivsoclaled u'llh Ciimx ves/cunir in Ihcsc slaruK irnilude Cnn:x iic/irttii l'/'s/i
JIckS Ihan 3111 cover and 42^ conslarniy) , Cir/ei iri/iu/lrHs Ej<it«biiiiii <-vii\so"\'. Attfinmi'ilit coi'mhiiiii.
Galitt'P 'vpe^.lcs, CiiniiiiS'ii ipiiiiiiiiih. M'^ti'lm a^ itusjs, SnrLiTLj spec les, andolhcis {Malison 1984
Kovalchik 1987. Hansen efu^. 1988.Cro*e and Clausnilzer 1997, J ankovsky- Jones |in preparalioii|| Due
lo long pe riouls of lloodi ng, Ihe cover of mosses luiheniv, and llvenvorlsis lo*. Inconlrasl, Ihe giound is
ellhcrbareordrcp liller llorming a peat Laycr|

WildlifeVdus

The Ci"e\ rtircjiucommunily is commonly biowsed by elk and mooHe, espec lally in mid or laic summer
ivhose hooveiv deeply chum Ihe soil (Hallson 1984. Hovalchik 1987, H anicn sJ ,iJ. 1995; lankovsky-Jonca
I in preparalionjl Gnzzly bear alno forage for rooK mlhiivcommunlly fMallson 1984V D epcnd i ng on "■ alcr
leveK. Cun-T vfrituTi^ slands areimporlani feeding and nesling are &■> for * ale rfo* I small mammals and
olher blids (Kovalchik l957,Cmi^e and CI ausni l/i?r 1997) Ciin:x yeiiciiui' rool mals lorm a Ihicb Hod
ivhlchslabili/Cvunderculslreambanbs arul crcales deep . narrov^ channeKu'ilh overhanging cover for fish
<hovalchikl987.Hanionrt(ry I958|

Sufx^Hon

Lllllc IS knou'n aboul Ihe successlonal dynamics of Ihe Cnrex rfirci/iiu community The origins of Ihe
CDmmnnily arc nol clear bul ll forms on 'vile'v v^ ilh long periods of slanding * ale r i^ hic h 5^jJj i o r olher Co^ft
species do nol lolerale. El is a si able long- 1 ived communi ly as indicaled by deep peal formallon on some
fiiles (Kovalchik 1957, Hansen fJuf I958| Thus ll isdoublful Ihal succcvsion lo ol he r Ci" ti T;it(ji'i,
ivillowftiedge, or olher shrub or foicslcommunilie'vv^ ill occur unless Ihe hydiologic condilionslhilpramolc
Cnrti vts'cniiii are illcrad For e>Lample, if Ihe porul i ng iseliminaled arul Ihe ivaler lable lou'cred by fluvial

c h ingff . uicll and draining, rcnioval of be Bvcr B nd Ihci r d Bniiv, J r £i Lllng o£ * cl I aiut'i ivi Ibi scdlmcnl IhcsDil'v
uiiLldiy proniDlIng Cit'extt'n<.iiIii'ii.5iili^speii\cp.oi |iy i Ibi mora drying] fiti-sjc ID rbs bihI ^rinilnDLjt
lYDungbloHl eit'l ISS5: Kovalchik L95T, titn,cniHii. 1^5 J. I £ dncr pbiascv of Co^ ci wsitvi/ti Bit
ovcigrBzcd, Ihe caminiinLly may nia--i: loiv b rd domlmncc by mcsic lorlji, Cutex fchrascc/iiis. I'lm
P'aieiiiii. rlhilam nni'idiftin.eu. fiileiurt s'/nlc/ni^, or a Ibicr gramino idii (Kovalchit: L95T, Cjdivc ind
ClBusnilicr 19971.

Maiaganait

Thcscmi-pcrniBncnlly £loodcd Cir/ei vciiiv/zusIaMi' arc no! iLsually gra7J(l or l^lpa^.lL'd by re^.rcallon and
olhcr uiCv Houcvcr. If * cl I and-iv arc drimcd o r Tilled , or I he hydrology olhcrAl'iC alleri'd 1'in.h as rcmovil
orbcBvcr BJid Itici r d Bim| . <he corrirriuni ly u' i LL d iii Bppcir f h areicu tr u^. 199^). Livcslock itually avoid
cMrcmcly ivc I organic sails biilonMlcs, *hichdry by Lilc ■viimmcr grazing d£ Ctirex •vs/ctinir can oczui
|Ko>»lchik 1957; C roue andClaiiinilzcr I997| CufL'tviriUii'n/ is moderalcly liio higbily pilalablc arulcan
be iin]>i>nanl i n 1 ale summer «■ bicn olher forage is less Bviilablc ll !■> more paLilBblclhan Ci'if I'lncitula
and may bescLeeled fo r (H Bitcn rt o' 1995; HbII arul Han-Hen 1 997J. Thougbi I he dcrte 'iodo£ Cu/ti
ves'ciiiiii resbvCi grazing and trampling damage |li aanen fJ cr' l9S&r,o>enLSi: on daiTiBfe soils, reduce
Ciifexveiut"i!'ca\c^ ind pramole dominance by olhermcsic ^rimlnDi^ti and gracing lolcranl lOrb'v
IKovilchik l9S7;Cn>i^e BndClausnil/cr I997| ^'vsoci aled iiiiec les. sue h a^ Dei'-hiiiiiiiiia Lespriom. u'lll
I liiD dec rcase under heavy grazing amil \c^^ palilBblCkpedOv. ^u:h t}^ Iii"ciis bitSUci'i •"iW lncrei'ie (han&cn
elnl. 1995; Hall and Haiticn 1997). Eve nlually Ihr eommunlly mayeonverl lo Curct //t^ruicfErii or cnolie
spe^leivSULh asFln/lt/ns fwiiimittii The eo m m unlly should nol be grazed loo low so Ihil Ihe ve^elallon
can nol £uiiclioii as a sed i meni li I ler. Ctirbx vtj'ci'iin is elTeclive In rediiei ng erosion andslabilizlng
Klraambanksdue lo lUnud Forming rtiizomen. ll m jIho of tii^h I'aLue lor AellaruLl raicgclallon |li ansen tT i/J.
1995. Hall and Hansen 1997) The Ciirex rtirtidfijj eominuni ly v^ ill burn only In Lale ivumiiieror fall I hen
diy FIra *ill reduce liller and ine raasc producl i v i ly for several years. Hoiyevcr, if peal soils are dr>' enough
Jhey ivill bum hoi and kill Cir/tr' vei'mnri' rtii^omcs Ihovalehit 1987, Crowe and C laitnllzcr 1997J.

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Onsileiv wilh long periodivof slanding Aaler, adjaceni we Hand communille'k arc nearly [i ure slamil'v of scm i-
iqualicDflen Flo a ling lea led, [i I anis. These eommuni lies incl ude, ,l^ufEY'd/j jjs i/^,aju^d]-^rrrjjjii£ d/'ddi
jliimtniiSii. Curat uShc'inSc], (7 A f i-jju ivpcc les. f iiJi £iiiid"rr spec ics. Spa' gitii'iim iipccies, and Ulnruliriiii
stiecleik iMallHcin 1 9 54; Kovalchlk 1957, Hansen cJuf I95ll| Where u'aler levels dnip in lale summer,
adj aeenl welle r communi lies may £oiinon Ihe shoreline below Co^fi iwsjnr^iu . such as ivlands of £f foc^ujftj
bella I ml Etp'tiel'im linviie (CrD*c and Clausnilzer 1997). ,\dj ace nlcommuni lies on siles Ihaldry in lale
summer "■ I Ih asimilarorslighlly drier moislura regime a. Citret veiUinri' , irtclude Ca/crtt'ntiiltiSii.
fiiirh'/zninimlr'ntcLit, Eleiithi'iis j<iili'i\'n, Ct"fx iri/iialrHs. Jnncui frmviicmii. Caret luii oca /pa. and
Dtidiavps/ti !-t!ss<ilt'st' (Malison 1984, Kovalchlk 1957; H anscn I'P uJ 19118 Cm*c and Clausnilzer 1997,
] ankovsky-Jortcs |ln preparalion|| Neighboring communilie'k on dner mineral soil, include Si/'ri specie^
lypcv [c.g.SiiSit / Fiiii lyfaleiiils), Fiip'itiis liemiit'Hiies / ES'mi'i Rtaimis, 4Jujj t ■>[]« iCv, Fi'up'i'lfiiiii.
DeschampsiinespM'isii- \'ilf""in'!".iir\'pbas!', Ciire\ iitji/a"!n-Dci*ltnp\ii^n/ icipilon/, Fhleiiiii alpittw/-
Caretiitji/a'il/i, Vttn.iii'u/rt iKtiii'^ti'iiii:/ Cnln"/ngrtii'ii n/finSciiiii. and Ciiliiiiiiigi'iil\iC!"'iiiSfiiis (Malison
1984, Kovikhik 1 9 57;li ansi'n tr i^'. 1955; I an kovsty-Joncs |inpraparallrm|). ,\djacen1dry lerraces and
uplaiHti aradominaled by i'lcuMiiu Indi'/rlahr / faa t-iiiichi and ioni£cc4 such a^ Fittui cii/iloi'ti. frcea
ff/iRi.'l/r/n/i"i' . tnO Ahiei luiifLurpii CMallson 1954, Kovakhib 1987 Crowe and Clausnilzer 1997)

Consavdion Rank

G4g'S4

49

Elonoit Code

CEGL0n266l

EDITION / AUTHOR

L 99U-n ]-09IChI^^^^ uiphy

Red - Oser Docfv^ood ShrublErd

■ CORNUSSERICEAShmbl^d

similar C cinimunitiF&

CoiJiiii ieni:eii a b communi ly dDininanI i n severs] iik^ik I bI id fliv This commun] Ij, Ibu'cvcc. Iichs Ihr

sirucluril divcnily of Ibicolhcr lypcs, CorrximpLc Ihc \liii'i iicifa / Con'iis ^eucen Bud Ct'/iirtsscnceti-
Sii!i\ sp lypc^ (lam NomIb |M aiming and Padgcll 1995i. TbicrclalLiin-'hipof Ihiscommunily u'llh Ibic
Cn'ii'i minmi / ll€'!'t-lti"i l!"'ii\uti\ amil C. seuvea / GoUwn Snjionifn lypcs £mm UIbIi and fi£lcFnldat»

iY oun^blood €l 111. 1905 . Pad^ell €t al. iS£9) isuiKlfu

Roige

This !■> a "■ idcspicad lypc tnou'n from Wfcvhinglan.Orc^n Idaho, Nevada BndMunlBU*.

EiMronmoitd D escription

This lypc islypicilly Bl^JB^.cnl Lii 'vLrcam amil nvcr ^. bianncK. bul ll CBniniupy idivcnily of landlDrm^. fl
may appr sr is ilinbic 1 1 n? ai biiHt an sllu^ial benches \antniiyi canyoitioi bioad Ibiic kcis on I'll suit ind
flnodplii iLiv of major ■^Ircims End rivcry. IL may iIho occur on ivcl l-v^ alcrcd m Ks bcLa* beaver djnt. MosI
occurrence'v hB^e c> ideihc o F mnual or near- annual Qoodmg (Manning and Padgcll 19^5, Hall ind Harwcn
1997) Soils of IbiiJicammunily b re cl assi £ied as [nceplisoK, Enli^ols orMolLlHols. Wbiere 'vHe'v arelocaled
DuUidcaClhe iclivef]ood[ilaLn, b lillL^r/duCI lB>cr2 i nc hes or imre I hie k miy aecumulale. Surface bioiiions
lie CO m pii'icd of a ^Idc range of alluvial malciiBls Allh lexlurcs ringing fn>m 'kill cl ays lo ikandy loims
These iByePv mBy be relatively sHbIIov^ or is deep as 5 £eel. Underlying liycis ire lypn. illy caaise 'larut'v,
gravel. Bndcobblcv Lbiallacililale Ibie movemenloF BcrBled gio uihIa Her Ihrough Ihe subsurface layen Ahich
may be imporlanl lor Ibie longcv i ly of M aiids WHer ivailBbilily rBnges from higbi ■'■here Ihislype occupies
floodplBins immediately adjacenl Iti active channels, Id low on upper, remoleflDodtilainsiles. Mo tiled and
gleyedMJilsmiy occur 1M inning Bnd P*dgett 1995, Hill Bnd Himen 1997; Crowe andClausnilzer 1997)

A aige D eBription

Cor/id^i scn'itTJ forms b dense i losenl ciiio[iy aftcn exc I udmg undeislory shrub incT lierbaceou'i spec les.
Cmnui ii:n<.r:ii is ituilly Ihe only species ivi tbi high co> er v al ues. Aisoci atcd spe^. icv v iry wilh geogripbiic
khiliou atHLl elevBlion, but commonly associBted 'vtinibs include ffi?iu y\'t/i?dj/i, R/bei hudjofiattiini. Acer
XSiihiiiiii, Si'ln e^/g,ui', S iii'eu. and Oc/nurji ^rj< d^irjc^_/}i/ju. E ec b uhc of its "■ ide ringc, Bgrcat diversHy of
herb Bcco uik iipee ieiv is issoeiBled ivittilhis^ommuuily ituilly in Ioa cover {M inning and Pidgett 1995,
Huibcn el III L995; HbII and Hinscn 1997; Crowe andClauinilicr 1997)

50

WildliTeVdues

Ri'd-oilcr i:log*iNJiH prav idm ft>od and cover Cor m ulc deer, moo'ic, elk, collonl bi I ribb i & , snov^shiic hircv.
and many bint. The Fmll'i are an lin]>nnanl bB^.k beirCoixl arul tie aKo calen by^ongblnt grouse quail
pulridge. ^. [il Lbiroil Imul. dllck^ ciows miciz, ind olhcr mammals Deer mice mcada^^ voles ami olhcr
small rmlenl'cal Ihc young ■vlcms and bark. Red-osier dagv^ood o Flen gitiws In dense Ihictcls bcc a iLse of iti
layering ability These I Iik kebi provide good mule dee r faivulug and reanng areaik amil ncsl i ng hab i lal for
min> songblnt {H ansen I'i uf L9^5, CiDive and C I lusni licr 1 ^ 71-

Thi^ m considered an early serai com munlly, lyp le ally colonizing sHes adjaeeni lo^lrrams The herbac;cous
cover Ls often ipaise, probably due lo Ihc de nsc ov eislo ry c ano py and regular flooding scounng, and
deposition The laller faclor ispmbably iKipon'^lble for mBmlaininglhls as a (lerslslcnlcommunlly lypeon
ihe landscape The presence o£ lall shrubs or Irees msomeslands may represcnl surcession lowaid .I'^Erfi
"ici'i'ii. Fi'i'iihis i'it-liiKiifi?ii. r. Pj t/n f fJ'iJJti, F I'l'Kiisl'j'illii. F'cei' mtfeimt'tmii, FieiiiSaliUf,!' tnm'iiej'i. or
olhcr CG m munilie:^.

Maiagonait

The herhacedus biomass vanes "■ idel y and is largely dcpendeiHonlhenienslly onhe doguTJod i ano py
|Ciowc arul ClaiCinlUer 14^7). R a lings for renl-osier dogwood palalabllily forlivcslock range fium lou'
IManmiig amil Fadgell 1995, Ciowc and C lausnllzer 1997^ lo ■icecream" (Hanse n fP uJ 1995, Hall and
Mansen I99T| bul Ibie stands areoFlenso dense Ihal Ihcy llmll grazing in many cases Thi^ community
func lions In a vanely of ways lo pmmoleslream hcallh. Red-osicrdog*ood ft>rmi dense rool rtelivorks Ihal
slablhze slreambanks agairtsi 1 a leral culling anderoslon, provides cover In Itie Form of overh anging branc ties
and banks, and i^hades channels, eCCec lively moderaling eilreme summer lemperalure ftiKlualions fHall and
Haiucn I99T| Dogwood sp rouls vigorously a Her a ftre amil germinallon of il 's seed- bank is si i m ul a led by
fire {Crowe andClausniUer 1997)

Adjacoit Comnunitis

Because ol Ihc a Ide geographic range for I his lype communities of adjaceni up I ands c an be com Eero us
fomit. ispen, sage brubh-sleppe , and pinyon-Juni per lypes

C onsav^on Vi aik

G4/S3

Elanait Code

CEGL001I65

EDITION / AUTHOR

9B-0I-O2/B Moseley

51

D ulichium H ebaceousV^gelation

■ DULICHIUM ARUNDINACEUM HerbacecusVegetaticn

Siiril a C omrnuniti^s

The CO m munHy is easily iccD^nizcd by Ibic ab undancc of Df ff rf/Erd"rr t"i"'iilttiif€iiiii. •"\t\c\t is ci Ibicr mono-
specific or Uv gra* lug uiHh o nly i £c* o Ibicr iviici les (Buryik ami MoscLcy I ^ 5 . H anHcn fJ n'.. 1933)

Raige

Mii»Elype in Ma man H, Idaho , O rrgo n , Washlnglan and posiibly WyDinmg

EiMronmoitd Description

The CO mniunHy occ urs over niLneral sdILv, fi bn>LLS [ical, ormiKk on areas Ihil »rc se a^anally or pcEmancnl I y
QiKiiHcd ivi Ibi ivbial Id* *bIce. In i £c* [i I ac cs 1 1 occ uis Bdjaccnl lo 'vphBgnum pcil (Kun^c L9?4| In Manlana
Ihuv communily occuis in dc[i rc^siouil ivclLind' f frequently ^la^iil pulbiolc^r and on lake mirgirei {Hiiticn
el^l 198BJ.

R ai ge D Btription

The Diilidfittv urtttuS/m/ivu/rt communily lype isof rBreotourrcncc Bnd poorLy dene n bed Duln.hium
arundluiceum ly[iicil]y occun as i monociillure ivilbifeiv aHsociBled ivticcies M i nor amo uuliv of Ihc
EieiM-ituni pahisim. Citrex t'tiiii'lilis. C. l/tiMiiit, orClirs/im/iiu/ miy be [i reicnl. The oomniuiilly oci urn on
o c^Buk soi lb , o n lake miigin:^ an^l may occ ur on fl>Lcd or floallng maDi {HiJi'icn tP jjJ I93II|

WildiifeVdus

Informalion nol available

Sufxeaon

D'lt'ch'iHt ft'i'i'iiimitfiiiii isconsideced a stable, long lived oommuniLy type, hoAeverdeu'alenng and
siibseqiienl deco m posi lion of organic sojIs may resuLl in a <hiCl in 'pe^ie'v composi lio n due lo invasion by
ckolio&pecienDE an Incicisc i n iktiec les ivuc bi as Citrex itniialtSis.

M^iagonoit

Diou^hl yeais miy make Docuncncen kcocini blc lo both domcul ic and Aildgraim^ inimals rhat could oiubc

riilled and biiiminock sdIK on margi ni. Theze si les are general Ly so ^vel as Id [l^e^.LllLle mosl lypci of recrc-
alional usCk ciccpl fi^biing.

A djacoit C omiHHiiti^

The Duiii I'i'tfp untttiS/m/ceu/rt community lypc Crequenlly o^.cll^H m a mciaicDC monoc ill liire^ dominaled by
Ci'iey I'lpmiltii. Ciifi:x iiUiciilalii, Ca'c\I/p\u]it end/or Sj'liiig'uw\ species C Dnircis domin a Lc adjacent
uplandik

C onsov^ on R aik

Gi?;32

52

Elaiiait Code

EDITION / AUTHOR

97-a\-tib t h\Btie\ tBiiko\sky-iai\cs

Comrnon Spil^ffush H erba:eouBVegeta:iar

■ ELEOCHARIS PALUSTR\S HerisceoisVegetBti en

^imildi Communities

In some case^, ihc Eietichi'iis pithtJlna mav be
ci^nfiacd mlh E roilirHaHi.rspeiiiMliy if [he
B[oLcn& oE E. fOJleSSii\is arc nol prc>cnl or nol
obviaifr Br^urconhiz [ilanL's Leu? Ldc[LlLl>.A
miskdcDlilii: bUdu iv] 1 1 irsul r In Ihc a mn^ cq mm d-
Dily lypc and Ihr ^i Ir^ ckn v^ hich Vbey occur ait
* cry d I FfcTcnC ccoLo^ic al I j

Raige

EltVLlii'ni iM/li'i'rn \f acomnLcn lype in
C ilifDEiu D. C dLh codi). Id H liD, Mci nl an B , N cv adi,
D icgDn. U rah. Washing Ion, Wyci m i ng, Bnd
S ask lie h? hji an Egi?n1iall> il has been doc u-
mcnlcd From every i« e^lem .Male ciLcpL An-
roni inil Sew Mexico t^Qucgcmn and
EngcltLnp 1994. Anderson ^'u' 1993).

n Ji-iGill-lu

EiMromnaitd Dscription

The Oturlpir^ n jjir^"i r^ r T comniiiniiy lypcl's roUmf Jl loi*' k* moderale cletilionH.pcnclBrfy inivlde, lit*'
gTkdienl vulleysorallshipes SiLc.i are ucl bisiiti, lUwdpl 1 1 ns. mcudou's, ^hv el biis, ind lakcedge^ ]l i:^
lyplcaJly InsEles ihaC arc pione la yeiHy ETcading o r pciai^leul surf ice water. ^ he n^ slicanti ire [ire^enl,
ihey lie Rosfen'sC and E^lnznm lyj'es Elevaliiin'k ran^ En.im 2.200 Id h1 leasl KJOO Eeel, de pending qd
lallludc (HiitenL'JjjV L995, M inning indPadgelL L995, Cmi^e ind C I a usni liter 1997. Hall ind Hansen
1 99 7 J. Soils of Ihi^ commuitj ly Ivpe ore clai^'^iEied a^ MoIIiboIs Enlisol^, hiBliso]^, and In^epliHols TcklunzB
Die viriible, langing Enim si les I h al nn: veiy coBnie-lra^menl rich lo Qlheislhil aretlcep and fine-lexluced
Thcsnificcu UJuaJly nchinot^Hnjc mil Ice and Lhe liller iccumulalion miy blend InEo rich, blick organic
mucksDlLs The linc-reiEuccd upper bon jonfi oflen iribc fiom Dlluiialdepo.Mlion S ands. grav el , ind cobbles
usuhIIv conslilule lhe m^in body ur dee pe c sulcuif ice milenabi 4 Manning and PidgcLI l?95, Cnme and
ClBiisnjl^erl997.nal]indnin^n 1997],

Raigp D eaiption

E!ein:hf"ii ifaSiisIm i<i an iggresbivc, rhl/om hIous ivpec ics ihil neirly eic I nde-i all o ihec .spec les from
e-ilBblishLnginysLgniCI(inL cover Common asboc;iiles inhighquihly ^lEe^ inc^uticMojieciinis u^qi'aitj.

53

Mcusliu urvetie, Rttiiex cmiiiii, ESetychitui ncciiSn'iJ, Cari^j ii\"LiiSii\a, Givcena Bsp„ ind Flfata'ij
imittiSi'iacea. On mmc mlsi Bquilic ^iprciea, ^ivzh as H/ppttni vulga/'i, Uinti'lulii vi'lga'u, snd
P«\iiti\«f,fi'i'i "ii\iiis. have high caver

WildlifeVdus

B ro id zonci d£ Ihl'i lypr hIo ng ■^litini'v nvci^ lakc^, and rcscmi] ry prav idc valuable feeding andncvllng
iicis for wile rfoiy] Elecdnim lu/lui'/zi and BH^nci alcd planl^k arc a > il u able souireaC fiicd ind cover tai
ivBlcrfoiv] Wild ungul Ble-k !ie Idom brou'^e IhishibLlBllypeducIo lis \a^ pHlalibiljl} iHalL aiml Hansen
l^7i.

Padgcll at il |1989j 'lu^e'vl ihil E>eocha'is patiisim can rcpreHcnl an early Tieral species on pondii ind
si ream b a nks "■ bere i^alcr \s alor abnvc Ibc graund surf ai c. \silllalliinocciiisnvcr li mc, ol ber ciinnnunj-
lle^, such as C!'i€\ nii'mSa, may ^eplB^.cll Howcve r. due lo Ihc conlinual iHuriledcondilions and dense
groflhof E!cinln/iis siiinilni.oiKC £o rmed, si a nds appear di Ffic ul I lo displ a^.e and may pcisisl iik^iLmik
vegclallon [f * alcr levels micS^i/pits Hsp and Tyj?ltii talijntM' may be ibLc losupplani £ pului'//] Hinscn
emi [i^^Sf have observed Ihaldiiil urhirn. c i an drislic al I y sbifl Ibe vcgcl alive composi lion of Ibis lypc
iDwird increaiie or invader species such ^i Ho'ileti'rt pdinliim

Maiagonori:

3e asi>naLLy uifl eand I bans and lou' p»l a lab i Lily of E'tuc/EO^ n jJi^'d^iFni limil Ibegrazmg value of Ibis lypefor
llvCklac k. even during droughl yeaiTi when upland forige dries eiily amildie'v back fhovakhih \9S1). Siles
o«upicd by Ibis lype are ly pic ally inundaledor al Icaiil ivaluralcdfor mm.b of Ibeyearso »■> Lo pr^^.lud: moivl
developmenl. Trampling damage arulsoll churning o^.^.unv reanlily "■ i lb 1 1 vcsloct use arul may resull in a
fihifl low ami moredI'vlurbanceloleranlikpecLes'kLicb t!. HuTdeiiiii jtibitUitn, Cit'ct "<^'<tsctiiiiis. kn± Jti'ft.iis
hiirtiiits |HalL and Hinscn 1997)

A djacoit C ommMiitics

Due lo Ibc u'ldcgeograpbic disliibullon of Ihis lype adjaeeul upland eommuiii Ill's arc vined, incLulmg
shrub-'vleppe, u'oodland, and co nifen>us Toresl lypes. Adj a^ enl riparian communilLCk may bedominaled by
in equally vined assurlmenlof lypes im ludi ng dceldun us foresi, laLlshiub low sbrub, and herbaceous
commuuilies

Consov^ on R aik

G5IS5

Elansit Code

CEGLOIIlKJi

EDITION/ AUTHOR

9S-12-n5;B.Hoscley

54

Beaked Spikffu^ H erbaceousVegetaiiar

■ ELEOCHARIS ROSTELLATA HerbaceojsVegetefion

si nila Community e«

In MonlDnu tianiycaelul. ii9^5i ^lauped t^\ CDmbinjIlDns aE E
mslfHiiSu and E smiicfli'/n IuIq an £. I'aimfloni habilil lypL'
due la sinij I an lic^ J n ?nv LcoumcnLaL conillliDiti i nd inaniif r imzuL
coiKizms. O Itc rv Hions In M o nl an I by [.ftiiia fl'^^Oi, inLlicalc
lIidI LhcE tJilflltiSn ks^iKiDlJon isdisliiHl, and al LcksLpiJliaLLv
ihf nnDpIii Lie un\tl^ Ihc E iiiiricifli'ni type 1 u SDHif c uses Ihe
Elebcliafff TOileliala maj be tonfitcd Ailh E. imli'sWi,
espcclHllv inhc ■vCoLoiLsof £ mi\fH<s<is aic nol prrscnL or lui I
□bvrini'i B f ^uiF CI E rhe [I I anE'^i I mr ideulJly. A mc^idf n 1 1 ne D [in n
well resuLl i n Lhc u' rong cd[ii[iiuiiII> Lypc and LtL^^ildan ikhich
[Iir> aec ur lie vr [> di Ffeirnl ccoLo^i^ ally.

Raige

EiiiKhfS'ts i(ii\eHol!' IS a mimrlypr In IdatLO. Monlana. and
Ycllowslnnc NjIiphbI F b rk, Wvp mi ny, ind maj occur i n W n-ti-
ingKi a. B rili^li C Dlumb i a, d nd ulhcc [i a n^ ii f Wvcimii^.

EiMromnaitd Dscription

Thif ca m munily is n^Lcu. iizd li> ibLcnnBl i r? a's r r irrilv »> ilh

al k ul iiK or c ak iriraus foibi i^pizciaLly uLlhc nojIliL'jn i^d^ uf j L's

disFribu[ici n 1 1 i^alMi Eound acci und cold spnugs i n cleseil c an-

yom. ILdccuisiu i nlccmci nl h m^ vaLl^j's [\-c^\€a L99{hj.m •tel bisiy]!. and DcljocfDE In & Fir a ms. rivals, and

poncti r h aiLscn f J If' L9^5j Thcv cjunmuni Lj l>|>:is krat* n lo cn;c u r In u vancly of solL. fiom icI b ll vcLv drcp

□i^amclo aLhaliuf and c ale h n^ous m>i]ei, lo cc aiM! ai^I inincEal ^d iIs Ihil accdijri:llv in i:oiil dl: 1 1^' i Lh IhrnDil

u'alfis lICHCuni in^pnn^ffd urllaoLl'v LEidI ac? Mlunl^d IhiDuglhiul \\\e y i^ir, □ Eica ivj [b hi' Jli^r running ovei

\i\c gm und sud Bc? ihiDU^ h IhcMBnds [Mosclcy ]??^l.

Roige D Buipti on

The camiiiLinily lyp? E□^Il^ near monoc u1 Lure'r. and may occur as aquihinf miKor miy be nioic opr Ji ui llh
[:oii5idr rable Bn!B\ciE bin^sDi], gravel, n^ck, b nd ope n u' b Ler |M oivf ky 1495]. H an^i^u cT £?^. lI?95>, slalf [bal
E. *&ift'f ^ir'iT domm Blc5 a In* llc^lban 3Qcinl Eicrb bccous 1 jyi? r

wadHFeVdus

Thi^communlly is b sc uice ci E nnre n Ecirage rally in ihcEpdngind BKracU hi'ildljEi! 4 especially elk and deer)
WilcrfDwJ ilm u^ Itiis Lypc Lli arisen fJ ir' 1995^

Suctenon

LiLEk Ls ki»An abouE Lhc succrsslanal dyniinics □ E ihbk c;oiiiiniiniLy Ivpc.

Qhll-lli

55

Maiagonoit

Tha L:Dinmu[ii I y lyp^ ii^ lIinzB lentil by df ^ r lopmrnl of IhrnDil in: Bik lor rcc rcariQD (Lcsicb ]''^h. B«:d[ihf
□ Elhf ivi! L. Dni!i>u FLivliblf nalurc of Ihf ^ubal ra I? , 5D 1 1 ifi^l ujbaiHC and^cDzinf by livcsloch 1^ piohably
niLnLnijL.Ycl Iram pi i ng d Bin Bgc of I hiz ¥^ cl , organn. so] Is of I Hi's i'K'ii>ci il lo n occ; uis re adi Ly wiLbiany kvcilock
uLlIizbLldh L I ■ cskic h mav f ra/c Eori|ic pL inbv I n Ibii^ issoci b Llo n , buL dv? r^izj ng c an c HH'lc co m|iDM lionul
chan^c^ Co Ep« Irs of Idivi^t p jLiI b hi 1 1 ly [Hinsen f nl i*l'^5f.

Adjacoit CorrnHHiiti^

-^d|BL:cnl npLiDd commnnLlicE aic o fir n ^a^b msh-sCrppf nr cram tf idie forest Lj'pc^ Cunris^p .
Fim'ni'liylSoitSe^Jliinlii'f'ilii inii DtiLiintni'itii *viiittinit may dnminBlc BdjBcc[iLripininc;oniniiinillcbL

C on^av^ on R Oik

G?/S|

Elanoit Code

ceglmthpj:

edition/ author

95-12-20/L. WIILliiiu

W ^ef horselal H ffbaceousVegetaiar

■ EQUISETUM FLUVIATILEWo-bflcausl/fgeQtftn

SimildT C ammunTlie&

Thci c;omniiinLl> his becndocnmirnErd
in iH rlhe m Idaho /J inkoksky-JDiHS
i1'HtBnii.\]h^na[D\i!^iil el 111.. I'il-i).

R aige C Duiminili ^

Tha [:ci mmnnLly is rrparlfd rrom ihf
nonhu'csl iMonlinB, I d»hit. Orc|Ki n ,
W ashing Loni and I he mld-u'c-il iMInnc-
solt i.\az\ uding Al bf n b , M nnilDba, b niJ
Onlina.

EiMronmoitd Donjiption

PilHD Ur Jh'F.BimiU

E^/itlii/n j'uwuHle ca mm uiul les can

be found aL law \o mid cicv aElon^ inlhe hld unl ii im of ccnical and SDuEhArsLcmM onlina, and i [ occ uih more
CDn^isErndy in ihe nioiinriiiisand\Blleysof 'I'cslemMonlBni HBhilil i nc I udci gl ic i al polbole^ and I akrs, o Id
Di bows, ind b icki^ a I? [^ of n I'f r\ andMnram^ Soils sk ^inabli^, and Ihcy fnrquenU}' e ncomp q.^s M oil isoIe.
Enldolf, and HkIosoIs. The mi mzril soibi itiiiil I y bia^F e some degree ofoE^ aniL mallr: r aic umul aLmn This
coniniunil> is i&ually rlooded yeir-round WcHersjIni arclypificd hy deeper i^alcremeijHnU egel alio n
d:)mina1ed by lyphci !i'Hjt/!in. SLTfUi sj]]: ot aqualic CDininunil ie?i dnminaCed by v anoici s[iei Ees of MjjiJect/

S6

aiuil'oliiiptiii'lon 07apen ivalrr A v Biicly dE dncr ca m m unlUcs can occur BdjBCfDL Iq Eqi/iVftfir Jlut^alr!,'
coiiiiniintlif&, ml rhr^f can lih Imif sLands of Care\Bji . i!itlii ^pp .Fh'itf miles ituilnihi. oi Fhiil/ins
ani'idinaceu iHaascn tJ cl. I9S3, HiiBiCn e' nf [995\

Raige D suipti on

THliv comni unLly i^ iciual]> doininiled by idcibf , manoEyciic tlend of Eirttin:l'tfn_fltivn'ltSt. Scil Lcied facbi
iTii> occur in \he caminunLl>, ind Ihcsc inLludc Foly^onui'i ntni'hfbtuni. FoUiniogcSon g'umlieiis , ojid
Comimirn fttiiislt. C<tFi:\ liiilvcutii ind Carss iiSnciilaTa can hI^d occur in Oic^iC slMittis at loiv imouna
fHuiLicnrPff^. I^WS. Hansen i-JuA 1995).

Succ

on

ThcEiKd^HbiDnaLdynDmlcsarLbiiscoininiinLEy iJT pcoElv iLndcisLoiMl I C Ihr hyd rolDgLC reflmc remains
unc biangcd J I IS 1 1 kc l> ihilcommunily com^io'kilLanu'iLlbcraicly slibLc

Moiagonoit

This communl Ly Lk gcncEaLly ha ^cILhal i L inzc iS cs k i^jy IjLLIc livcMock il'.c

CDnsovdJon Raik

04^54

Elonait Code

CEaLooigfio

EDITION / AUTHOR

99-L0-IBnai:tGECcn]cc

BdticRLi^ HerbaceouBVegetalion

■ JUNCUS BALTICUSHfrtBcawsl/egetetfan

Similir Communities

ThU cci m muni ly h\^ bee n qu Hnlil h b vc l>
defined HJid deBC nbnxJ by minv a Ludjc^
iHtdu^HduE Lbie u'cslcm Unlled SlaLcs This
ippeBis Lo be adisLincLivr lypc. EleocliPiii
pitlt'iSns - JiiiKiis balSitiii and J.
bnl'rci'i - rjjrc.T rruijj community l>pcs
bike been desc Jibed CromcenlrBl ind
ai ul be m U I ab (E oucf e run tni Enf el ki n^
199-11, Ihni may relBlcd [p llie J huUics
communilk lypcdfscnbcdbeir Similarly,
Mull'Jin's (l9SI4i Descha'Pj'^'ii cciiirtoia
— Jimcits biiSl'ct's fnim Ihc Ycllo'A&lane
Pljlenu IS Tic b in J. Iial'ictj.

PUDfll ll JhJH Dillnill

57

The J'tttLiii hul'rcui coiantunily lypc ha.'i bcrn doc; umcnlcd fmni every ilBic in Ihc u'mlcm UniKd SIbIcs,
* 1 Ibi Ihe cnccpl nj n (jf A nzj n B (E our^cmn ind EngcLtin^ 19^, Manning and Padgcll i*>S5 , Andenion et al.
I94SJ.

EiMronmoitd DescriptiDn

ThriiugbiiiiH iby range iloccuPvnrBrsccpiv, in mcaAiw^, and on Blluvial lcrrBc;ni. Surface lopographj is
iFuall> LrvcL o r siimrli me-k unduLilmg or biumiiicK h ValLry bDlloin characlcn'illcf accequBlly dlveiy? u'llh
ividlhs ringing fiu m \ciy nBiin* li>^cry bn>»d and gradient from Idiv Io biigh {PBdgcHi'PuJ 19 59, Minhcii
i^uJ 1945 Manning and Padgcll 1995 Ciuvic and C LiiCinllzcr 1997J. Tbii^cammunlly lypc Lypn;alLyoccuis
an nni^lcxliiicd surface liDil'v Tcxlurcs ringc fram f ill losBndy-loam The Ailizriible ranged from Ihc
surface Hfca ^Ocm bclou' Ihc iiurfBcc. occ aivianal Ly I b I Ling bclou' 1 m by Ihc end d£ ihc ■vummcr E'limBlcnl
■vail able u' alcr- holding c a[i acily ranged from Ioa Io high. SoiKhivc been c I asivified as MdLIi&dIs,
InccplisoK, and Hl'vIi'.ci Is. Soil rciclion ranges £rom nciilral Id mildly b1 k b I inc, pH 7.0 lo 8 |Padgr1l fJ o'
I9S9; Hiibcn el at L995; M aiming and Padgcll L995, CjDive and C 1 b iiini l^er L99J|

R atge D Btription

Jjjiit jjs Ai^^Jj( JJT du m I n B Its Ihc slands "■ i Ihc anopy cover generally exceeding 50^ Cover by Dlhcr
gram I noid-iv is itnally liiiy tilhnu^h Fim f/t/lciiiii appeals lo be a common a'j.oc i ale ov e r Ihc range of Ihis
lype a' do a niimberiiColhcreiolic [laliire grasses Nt'/ tltrtt/n jttht/lu/rt has high co nivlanc y in HonlanasUiidiv
There is a iidediversily of olhergraminoidiv and forbiv. bnlh nalivc and cxolio, Ihal occ iir m /jjiit d^i ftirf ir( jji
slaruls Ihroughoul itv range, generally bI Iou' co> cr ( Padgcll tl ^j^. 1939. Hansen efu^. 1995, Manning and
Padgcll l995,Cro«candClaiL'nil/er L997, WalFordfJrrf L997|

WildifeVdus

Thislype [in>vides e a rly season lorage Cor ivildliCe [tiaiaen cttil. 1995).

Sufxeson

SDmcsludie'slile unequivocally ihal ihe /d^prmji ^j^fjcTf i communi ly lypc is a llvcslock grazing-lndirccd
lype |e g.,E'Fendcn I9II9 nanhcntFu;. 1995 Manning and Padgell I9S9 Hall and Hi nnen 1997 Ciuwe
and Clausnilzer 1 99 7 J. While olhenv hedge SDmciyhal ivlaling Ihal many or mosi occunences air grazing
induced |e.g Padgcll tr a/. I9S9, Walfoid tr .d^. 1997). There is evidence for Ihc lallervKiv Tivo^land', in
cenlral Idaho occur hI 'vile'v Ihal were never graied by livcslock, being prolccled by iitiurmci unl able cl iff
baruls They co nl a i n exlensi ve near-mo noculluics d£ /d^Fri jji hui'ifui and havesignificanl hum mocking
(Janhovvky-Jone'v, IDCDC, unpublished dala) Obfer^'allons inMonlana and elsew he re i ndic a le Ihal A
bulfictij Hc Is as an inc rease r and^ r invader. Declining over a wide range of env i nmmcnlal cornLli Hans, ll can
incicasc afler inle nivive graji ng o n si Ics occupied by Ihe Citrex "ehrasfeim. Deicl'iiP\;<j\ii Li^p'iiisii.
Ct/lt/irtt/R/oi'is ci't'iiiSfiiis. and possibly ol heis 1 1 Is an Increaser bee a line il has a high lolcrance Cor grazing.
Once eslabllshcd / bi'liuiu will mainlalncommunily dominance unlilsile condilioiti are radically changed,
either Ihro ugh a severe d rap in iv a ler I ab le deplh o r Heason-lDng flnodi ng (Evendcn 1 939 , P*dgcll ef u^.
19S9; Hanscnrtof . 1995, Manning and Padgell 1995).

Maiagonoit

Grazing value ralrngs lo r ./jj/Ecrri bt'tlmi^ are moderale for callle amil lou' (eicepi in Ihe spring Ahen raHd

medium J for ikheep, hoises, mule deer, zniCW.. Jwicm hatlitm has vigoraus rhizumes Allh wide ecolagic al

5B

Bm p]] IlulIc. ] 1 1^ Bu rxcf llcnl ^li? Binbink ^1 B b]] I /cr A ]| h ulcitic El b ntici mu bi I h Hi nol only bind honzDnlaLly In
ihf ikDiL, bill iIho gioA la b firilcr depth Ibial ol her rtii ^oinaloLLf f.rB mj noids ]l h3^ higbuz rosm n CDnIra L
pDleulial B cc B UHZ of llH IcnadniCi naluic and ccLiliMzly lou' pilB lab i Lily Id livcsluck Ihiiv ivtic^ lcv is very
impDrliiil IS B HO 1 1 binder and slccamb auk slab I li£?r Planlin^ A bitHwi'i plugs in Ihe Cliiod plimol m
incised bul B-gcadi ng slicBin u'lll enhance bBnk building by bindi ng soil:^ amil IrBpping scdi inznl (Manning
andPidgcll 1995).

Adjacoit Comiiunitis

As ivould be expelled Allh i ^oininunlly dislci b uled dvcc I he i^c'lein Uniled SIbIcs ind hiving al IcasI a
6 .DOO-lOo I cicv allan range, Itic adj aecnl nplind and cipananeommunilles aicdiveisc Upland CDinmunlliSi
range Cmmslcppe ind 'birub-slcppe il Ihe lD*erclev»lionslo ilplnecomniunilics bI Ihe higher

ConsavdJon Raik
Elanait Code

CEGLOOL53S

EDITION / AUTHOR

9B-L?-0y /B Ma&eley

Engdmain Spruce/ Red - Osjer Dogwood WoodlEnd

■ PICEAENGELMANNM / CORNUS SERICEA IVccd/and

Simihi Communities

The F'ccn i^'xclvatmii / Ci7"ittJ ituceu Wnodlaiid planl a^soci alian li ofle ii liciled as/'itnr (figelmii'i"i'
X glmtai. f"£<^iiiii'i"i''l / Ca'ii'i ilntonije'ii |syn Cn'timeucep]. En Monlina and Idaho, ^Fttu Rlitni.ii Hnd
Fif€ii fiRi^mu'ii'i' hybnds HrecDmiiKin Ihus lumping bolhspeeies logclhcr ii praelicBl IHbII and Hansen
1997. Hansen tr^jJ 1945|. A more slcamllned amil praellcalLy eonvcycd appnjaih and one Ihil relBins Ihe
mfDrmallDnoneamposillon WLlh regard lo hybrids is B^hie^ed by refemnglo Ihis eomposil lo n b I eondiliDn
ti^ijnp\y Pict^ fiigeliiuii'i" / CuTniis jencea. Ho*evcr, pure mnA^o^ Fic-ea flui'ci' »rr of ean-ieivalinn
roncem m Idaho andshiiuld be liTHled u'llhm Ihe Frcct/ gluiim BlIiiiKe. In Ulah {and Wyomi ng, so ulheisl-
em [dahn, amil ci-^e\'hci\:1 cUhci Fi' ai (^tttixcui or Pitvn ettgi^ivatm/i for hybrutj may dammale, uiilh
5[mllarundergni*lhiomposil[iin. Ihissupporli Ihese eondi lions bei n^ grouped undct Fn en / Ciintui
sU>S'<iiJ<iiii ovComJei / Conrm st-ncei' fPidgell tPuA \'^S4). Flci^ eiigeliiiiiiiiei is also oee asio n ill y pieacnl
InfiimiLarcommunlliessuch as \!iiui '/ift/fii-Ct'/mts jSiiIii'irJcnt, Fnj?iiSiis I'lthuco'iiii / \Smii 'iiti"'a-
Conriii sSiiloi'^eiit, FDj?iiiiis 'Htlit/cariia /Comui lUiiiin/Ji'/t/, end Foi/Hiiii \'emiiliiiiSfj / C«n'ii^ Jlolnnlfera.
indolher C'ynuti sli'li'ii'jem lypes (Cin^ve ind C I Busni lo^r 1 99 7 . H ansen fJ o' L995, Hovalehik 199?) The
Fiteii eii£<il"i!'"mi / Coiiii'i si:'it€ii lype Is possibly a siieeessional inlermediale beliveen Ci?"i'is iWUmiJe'n
/ Gnhiim ifjliinipx and the zXijnsy. FiLim / Gi'liiim SnJSoittv (Voaii^bUiod eS itl .i*>S5i.F/i.ea ciEL^Iir/mi/'ir is
also DceaslonaLly prescnl In similar com munllies such B:y.\liitts ith-iirm-Corniii iTolonfferti. Fiiprtltts
ificliiiciifs'it / .Mmii 'tf-iimi-Caiiiiis ildim/feni, Fopiih'i Snchiitnrfi' / C«"ii'i iTt/lo/irJirin. and
FojwSiis liemtitnidi^ / Comi'i ilolnttijeru. and niher Ciintm jSiilii'iiJenr lypes (Cro*e and Clansnilzcr
1997. Hansen i-Jfrf L995, Hovakhik 1993). [I should ilso be *ell noled Ihal CorMonlana h ansen tf n^.

59

{[995] have cu fLivLdccab I y brDidrncdlhccDiKcplaClhisas'iOciallonlbiabilillypr in Ibici r Lf k LCDn| by i nc I unliug
Attmi if'*iiin/ Bnd any lipiii bh/ucII Bnd Si/'n 'pp b'^ indi^alnn, I hr ^r d? Ci ni n^ piramL'lizPv lollou' Fn>m Ihcir
'minagcmcnl 4icLcnled~ ippco Bc h lo c Lisiilfic alian

The F'L€ii errxel/rnnrmi ' Co'mtJ itufeii ihtidcI b lion ^Included in Ficen ' Cn'tm ^liilii'i'jtn') m i major
lypc knou' n ftDin caslcrn Ed Bha, u'clizm W jomi ng, irarlbic ailcm W ashmglo n (Okanogan HighLindi;
hovaLchlh 1 ^9 J), ih>clbica;ilcm O icgon |BLucMDunlalrei,Cn>iycandClaLAnLlzfr]?97j,ManlBnB.UliJ], ind
posiib ly ColoraulD

EiMronmoitd DescriptiDn

The/'jcFO ef'K€t"i!"'mi / Co'i'tis ie'iceit pLinI Bisocialiiin l^ Found BlcLoHioit rBngmg Ennin t!. lo* t!. S?0
m inMonlBnB <H Bitcn fJ (rf . L995| lo iinund L -400 lo 1,700 m in Oregon (Ciuwc and C Laitnllzcr 1997) lo
IS high a^ 2,jlX) m iz Iscu' hiz re Thaugh W tlhc dncslof Ihc riparian frttu-domlnHizd lypcs ll is rcslricHd lo
il]u>li] ICTBCci, benches, or rrnj isl loeslopc; inirrmi i alely idjiccnl lo biighgradicnl 'Ire Bins inmrrov^ V or
Iroufh shaped >i] leys. The lopagrBphy rBngesfiom flillo 5prii:rnl •.\o\fc and may be unduLiling (Cidac
»nd ClBusnilzer 1^7. Hall amil Hansen lSy7, HBnscnfJfrf L 995, Voungblood rt of L955| In nana*
valleys Ihlscominunily may ineupy Ihe * ho le floodp I ain iMoseLcy 1 9^1 7 J ankovsky-Jone* and MancuFio
1995) The i^aler lable ls ibujIIj sbialLo* f50 Hi LOOimdecpJ indslinds iicoFlcn affcclcd by scisomlly
high u'Blcr IH anicn fff n^. 1 995, Youngblood fJ n'. 1935) Thesoil^i aicdcnved from illuvium illhcDame
l□^.k fragmcnl^ (lo J5^J and some li mes nieciying uoody debris (Hall and H»i&en 1 997, Youngblood sF n'.
1935) Soils are coiiyc lo am loimy $11 n, sandy, or clayey. Tbicy ircgleycd and mollled, up lo fiOcm deep,
■nd hive moderalc available Ailerciptcily Soil 'ub-gioups are iciuilly C ryobu n^ll' (Aquic andCnmuLli:)
ind Cryaqih>lls (Cumuli^, tlislic, arul TypK) bul Aimellmes C ryofluvenDi ind C ij'orlhenls |li aiLsen fJ jif
l995,VDiingbliiodrtJjf I9a5|

R atge D fHription

lite Fictii f}igeliiiMi"\\ / Ciinmi jeiicint f i rn; I iidi ng /'di fit ' Cn^Erfi iMfiiurT^^ pj co m m unily lype has i moslly
ope n ovcrslory dj m I n a led by malurefjifir (irKiluding Pnet'eyif,flti\iiiiii\i and/' <n\f,hi\iiii'i\i X F gli'init
hy biids. fiome ol ^vbin. bi a ppiu ac bi pure f g 'i^rftu. Wi Ibii n Ihls associalion a^ erige /'iiffu cave r icp(j rlcd from
vanoiLS ^Indies ranges from 2J lo 50^ iv i Ibi e M re me^ Id 10 amil 90'i (Cnji^c andClainnil/er 1997, Hall and
Hansen 1997 H anscn I'J uf 1995 Kovilchik l99.'l.youngbli>iid tVuf I955| Miied conifer species arc
common In bolh lheo>eislory and Ihe sub-i »no py/l rec undcrsli>ry resulling in high slruc liira I di>eisilj
(To ungblood tP ^jJ. 1 985 J. Snigs and high levels of *oody dcbixs may be [iresenl iCn>*e ind ClausniOcr
1 997, Jinkovsky-Jortes indMancuso 1995). However, wilhin Ihc mixed conifer componeni, Ihe species
cover of maliirc sapling, ind seedling Is usually less Ihan JJ'1. Species vary across ihe communily's range,
Ihough \hic] iiu'oiit/f^ir tnO Fscuth'iugir "/l^iz'^iii tic mosi commonly encounlercdlhioughoul The shrub
liy eris usual I y dense u'llh a mix of spec les represen led Usually Ihe domlninl species, Ct'/iirts lemcn
coral ancy reported From vario us sludics ringes from 67 lo iOOt and b> er»ge cove r ranges from 10 lo 5S%
(Ihough Hall »nd Hansen (1 997 J found less Ihan 3'^ cover) (Cra^^e indClausnilicr 1997, Hansen tr,?J.
1995, Ho^alchik I99i, amil Voungblood I'P uJ I955| The EacI Ihil duid^s 'in-itnii ls nolloumil In all occur-
rences oE ihe associalion should occasion placing il inpirenlheses in Ihe associalionnime. Co-dominanI
shrubs, oflen ivUhhighconslancy bul lower cover Ihan Ciinmi lericea. sk .ilmii "icnfhi. Satix htHiShfi. and
Pihi:i kitiiil'e Sitin ihiim'to'id'oi'i', Sym;<hiinti'TS<«j nlhui, Ij/i/raeir boieitl's, Ruhtti pii'vijlaui, and
Limlce'ii "ivnh'C'uiu are occasionally piDmlnenl. Graminoid coveris usually less ihan 504 *ilh Etymiii
gSat'ti'i |?9 lo JS^conslancy; J lo 10^ cover) Ihe mrtsl comnio n spec les. Ci^'f rpnf rj rfy Jr t spec les (usuilly
C. cattudenili), Co* ft spec les, B/o/rtus species, and Ciftm lal/fiilia eahibil mode rale co nslinc y and low

60

cover FDrbspccie?! cic hne^s li^ high bul covrr iii Low. C Dminj n Corbs all Allh Icsiklhsu lO^covcr. Ihjugh
RjmclLmescoiBilancy grcalcrlhBn 50%, are ACaeit nibni. Thi'lufwrt i?cf deflate. Smik'cia slellii\ii. ind
Guliiim Snjlontv OlhrrcommnnLy a^soci alcd forb^ sk F/t/Rii'n/ i'i/g'/in/f'ii..'ii'c/ spccim, Eqiiii€\uti\
n'veiisi:, Ojn/iirltiz" ^pcaea, and 5t//t( j" '//a/'Ruiu'ii [Ciuvie ami C Laitnllzcr 19^7, Hill bihI naiBiCn L997,
MaiL'cntr^j;. 1995, Jinkaviky-Janci and MancuiD I ?9 5 . Kovalchlk 199 3. \oungblood el at L955|

Wildlife Vd US

The F'cet' ei'xel'Pi'i'mi / Cpmt'i tpi?( eu cominiinEly lypc provldrs good ivi nicr ihrrmal cover 10 r deer
l&vpco Lilly 1^ hllc-l aiLcd dccrj , bear, BndcLt iCiov^c arul C Liitiiillier 1997, Hiiteni'^uJ . 1 99 5 . H an^cn sJ o' .
19118 J. [n BdilHion, moose, elk, ind olhcr ^Mldli Fe biowse I hiiv co m munH j ^^Ciintm jeiitea is highly
de'virable CorBge, il a infBcliiD prefeued as brou&e islo be almosl eliminaled from some communilies or
locaLllieji. Comui iiriici.^ also o^ e rhm^ si re am^ Coimliig hiding ami thermal cover for fiivbi The dive nic
foiesi ivlruc lure piovide« biabilal ind food for 'vmall mimmiK amil bird' (Uidac ind Claiiivnilrer 1997
YoungbJoDd eJ jj 1995)

Succesion

Overall, Itie 'vuccessional dynamic^of Ihiscommunily are poorly k noivn. E ased on ecolo^ic al si m i linlies,
Youngblood eJ it' {I955| hypolhesi/e Ihtl Fkeir/Ciinrn^ ilolom^eni is a pe nvislcnl surccvsioml InleimedlBle
beluicen Conrm ilflifttiJein/Citlitt'P \'i]li"i"t endl'iceit/Gtilhitn ln)liinw\. .\llerntl\\e\i.l'ii.ei' eiigel"/ti'ifut
for olbier Frcffldi miy be i iBlencral inv ade r o£ m b ny d if Ferenl rcl Bled commiini lies i ncl udmg fas/niiii
n"Kiiil'jiiliii arf Sncii"cufsii or F \'eiiiiiliiiiSes / Conms Jinln'rijeTii. Fi?;<iihii luchaca'pa / .M'liiJ I'tcniiu-
Ciinrm ilalof'i^efii.Almtsif'cann-Ciinrn] ilolaf'i^eni. FitJjJoisjjj< i^ /nnr^rtrir si aruls, SuJja speciei cominum-
lics or ol he r Oj/ttjj T liD'uFrjyiTU cominuni ly lypci iCrowc and Cl ausnilie r 1997, Hall indlian'^en 1997.
Hansen tr^j;. 1995, hovalchit 1 99 3 , Youngb lood tP ^j/. 1 985 J. Succession ls probably mulllple palhed, ihe
lesuilof liilerBclingsoil,^lle moisliire dislurb Bnce ind mic rod i male Caclors. Foreiample, Trcfa
enEi.'l/r/n/i"imii\'.k[i re-CvliblKbies aElcrfireorolherdLsluibancc. Hov^evcr, il isslou' i n do m i n Bling slarnh
wbiic bi e fLpI Bi niv Ibie remniiH com £er b nd dec idiious I rees in Ibie ovcrslory. Tbiougbi loc Bled In cold- ai r drilnlng
VBllcyi, Ahich are no! Eire prone, dislurb ance haiv a role In ^tloicra^ Fitim eii^i^iiiMim' / Ciinmi Jloln'rijer
dynamics. Puet' <n\f,elmatmil is eaivily killed by Tire arul susc epilble lo *iiidfall ind spruce beellc or spiurc
bud*orm infcslallon TheHC disturbances may help miml bi n f Jtvo domi n Bnce by promoting repiodiic lion
fCrawc and Cliusnllzer 1997, HbII and Hinsen 1997)

Managonait

Duelo e Hsily CO m p Bc led ho i Is. high u' alerlables. and sire Biuividc locallorts miny Bclivilles are usually
mcompHible Road consi ruclion and recre bI lo n si les li ke c ampgro unit arc nol recommended (HanscntJuJ
1 99 5 . H B nncn fJ (t' I9S5) Windlhrov^ and rising ivaler lables arcoflen issociileiil i^ilh limber harvest.
Panlil culling does favor dominince by F'cei' u'hileclcinuHlng promoles mixed co ni le r rcgcneralh>n |Hall
and Hinsen 1997). Livestock grazing K nol very practical because o I fragile soils arul loiv forage amounls.
Fittm eiiRi^'iiiiiim providci good emsionconlnji bul iscisily killed by fire Hou'ever, H quickly re-eslab-
lishes on dislurbed ground bul nol in areas of I hick shrub, heibaceoit o r duff cover. A Iso, ilsslo* groivlh
makes il a moderate rcvcgelatlon option only In Ihe long-lemi By contrisl, Ciinrii^ senret/ provides eicel-
lenl, long- lerm eroikio n conlro I by slabilizing banks ind rec ruili ng deb ris. El ab-) readily re-sprouk afler fire
CHanscntr,?;. 1995, Hansenciuf I958|

61

Adjacoit Comnaiiti^

Adj jce nl CD m muni lici may be olher FtC'^u types ^uch iii The \<'e\ter Fic&i / Etjunelrim tiryeraf ot Ihc dncr
ficBt enielrniiii'iti / Giit'iim injh'uiii (Hill imJMaiL^i^D l^7.KQV3li:hik I943j .ilmn iucu'iit.Ft'S'niiii
spec ici , 5uJj I ipccic^ tc ^.Suli' e\iguc'i, Ct/vx \ipectrf. ore Ihcr Ci}rnus urncitt lypci. (Cm^^c and
CliitinH/cr 1^97. Hill ind Hiiccn 1997. Hjiccn^'u^ 1 995 , Vo uugb lood iT uJ. ] 9 35 Hfci mi n i Lc ol her
dJliccnl ivel conimuiii [icB Ficiiilitiiuga piKfiz'esi' .fimis conivrla.avAb'es iits'ticiisiiii and dcciblitiibJ Ly
.\tyles gr/'t'ilij ICedhc HnilClai&nH/cr 1997. Hill ind ninscji L997. tJ inscji fF nJ. 1 995, Younp blood ff aJ.
L 9 S5r oflc n dn m I [LD Ic adjaienL uplands

C on^ov^ on R aik

CJG4;SJS4

ElaiHit Code

CEGL000E92

EDITION/ AUTHOR

L 9?S- 1 ] - L 6 / Chris M iirphj

Spruce/ Bluefomt reedgrassforeBl

■ PICEA ElsJGELMANIsJlI / CALAMOGROSTIS CANADENSJS
Fored:

iIld^&iHcdtiDn ( am m unities

InMonlini^lclBliD and no n hu'csle m

Wyoming, Fii-ct/ gSiium ind Fwco

trrifflrnzt'in/i hyhnd si^Dnib aic comiiHin

UiLh, liiiD[ii nf bn rh spiTcies logerhcr is

praclLCBl Tor cl QS-h I Cic alion purposes 4 i~l bI I

iikJ hjiHen 1997, Hansrn el /il. L995|

The type hen: re p rescnis M nncb dnmb-

naErd by /■. fiigiriifiiin'iit or Fitvti hybrufc

^ desenbed by PlislerfJo/. (1977),

SlerlefJir^ ||9S]> and Mauk nud

Eieidcison rl9S14V I L should be noLcdihe

MonlinarrpcesenlDLLonorLhis associallon

si ruci unl ly n^embles b h'^oddlond and nol

a fciicsl, hiding an ivcmgc lire canopy

cover of bllghLly mare ihin Jlirf' . I hough lolil cover con range is hifh an 110 'J in srril stands

hl-L-lll Ur Jh^-OtLllU

Siiriio' Coniminilies

This commumly .^ ii desc n bed Cor uicalcrn Wy omi ng by Youngb laod c r u' (1 ^85 1 . and soiUhcisLcm Idnho by
Jankuvshy-Janu (1997 J. Some UlahslBiht in Pndf cl L .^F jj^ (I9lt9| hj'hich iscLassified as Cfini/tt I
Cal/i/rtti^rci'ii ctt'toilii'iis have i /■]. fir .'jjjjff^/njjjj^ETE — dn minalcd pve rstp ry.

&%

R^ige

Thii camniuni ly is prccnlLnMnnlina, Idahn, Ulabi ami Wyumlng.

ErMronmoitd Dstription

The Fi'-im <n\f,fimatmii I Ctilt/irtngroilii *vttm!er's/] plani ash;;*: [Jlion t>ccun an a minor Type il \ovi lo high
cIcvBlioiis in Ihc mounlalns I hii>Lif haul M u nl an a ]l li^ ^euenlly rcsLci(li:i] lu Flat lu genlly sloping 'ille-k Allh
poor ilraluigc, 'iUL h a< Ecu Hnd lake m ac^i iliv, loc'Laties , and lou' 'vlicim aiml river Icna^cs Soil Icilure vine'^
framilll lo sandy lo am "■ ilh iirnic redo* co ncenlral nj ns prcscnl ThK cominiinHy ls usuilly lizin]>i>rari Ly
flooded in Ihc spring, andslandiv have » high ivalcr lab Ic year inund. Slands are chiricle nzcd by a conspicu-
ous amounl ii£ mLciDlo pograp hy sKmniLn^ fmm ivi ndlhiDV^ n spruce \d|Bccnl *cllcrcommuiillies
include Saiix tSninwofiiin/ia ot Belult/ /;in/iifttlii^i' shiub\an^i.oi Cit'etsp. aoimnBOti flili. Ad|Bccnldricr
coniiniinille'v ace usually iip[ind comftrfoiayCi aoimnBledby Ahiei lniit'*ii'iii.i'/ni'i cof'o'ia.oi

Raige D scription

The ovcclorj' of Ihcse lypically 'vmall sland'i fiocral icrci al moivl, f requcnlly afrBclLanof an icrel K
daniLnalcd by spruce [Fifeu err Rel/rnn'mi at hybnd:^ of Ficea en gel "/imiir andfiteii £ 'f rjjtu, I hough pure
Fifeii £ '(TJJi u uv uld be di agnostic of Bscparalc alliance J ind k ille ced individuals or Triiddi £ i^prPr?/ Ju ind
Ab\es SiiJ'ntft'pa may also beprcscnl lypically a- unlhnny <pc^ Imcns There is loiv coverage of shrubiv.
illhough Ihedlvcisily of shrub ivpec les prcscnl is fairly hi^h. h insen tP ^jJ. f 1 9?5| ■vpecify juivl 54 or grciler
co'Tvaf Ciiki'tnr^'aiUs canuderrs'i at Cti!n"/ngriii"i HiWir ai equiv a Icnily di B^ih>sl n. Forlhis lype. uivually
rhc cover of cil her of Ihe-ic spec les hi incnceHi of 30^ In ACvlcm M onl a n a i^ehnc no led only
Ciiliiti\iiini^l/i (umnriieniii Bisoci alcd "■ ilh Ihis communlly Inlhe Hanscni'Jirf . I\9^5] dilafcl .WS of flic
j^linds have b'i much is4l>^ Ctirbx uS'iiult/Hr. IhK condllion may u'arrani ncparalion as adi^linclly ucller
5ilc {differenl pi a nl iivsocl a lio n J. Aivsoci aled forb iipec les i nc I mle iilcriKdiiett'iiiii. Gciurt vitc'iis'h<ilnp\.
Geranium ntifufdjofir , Siil/iSas" ia/taiiemii and £jffjstrjj/" unv/rsc |li anscn eJ jjf . 1?951.

H arisen tr ^j^. ( 1 995^ suggests Ihal IheFrteu engclniinnii ^ Cirfu/nuj</v']irs ( ^jiii^dtr/irs co m m unlly is i lile
ikCral phase a{ ihc A hii:i !t/iii"L II rill ' Cuiw/ngiiii'ii i-tnrinSciiiii httiilal lype descn bed by PfislertPuJ.
|I977|. Ho*cvcr, Ibie pop ul alion ivlruc lure den. umcnlcd i n Ihcir »pperulice-i p re-icnls no d a la IhaHvould
'^ubslmlialc IhiscoiKliCiion. ShrubivSiKh as \hiui /nn/trii andSu^/i i/j jJiFjrn r'rjJri//ru domlmle gaps in Ihc
foresi Ihal arecrealed by diflurbanccssuch »s "■ ind ih miv

Maiagonait

Timber prodiK In lly m Ihislypc ismoderalc lo hi^h. E ec auHC of high "■ alcr lab les i^indlhiu^v follou'ing
hHTvesliK asignificBnl problem is is soil dimigc d uring harvcsl andsilc prepinlion; limi ng of mimgcmcnl
iclivilie^ IS iiiipi>rlanl Ic avoid damage.

Palalabilily of Cu^fjjFjfj£jfj(Piiifj/ErrJtJi(Jii< modenle lo high ind foliage is mosl pil alab Ic uihen young
However, ivelcondilions during Ihislime period make hoi I sitceplible lo damage fiom liveslock. IF levels of
ulilizBlionof Ciiin"/iig,rtiil''nmii'iieiiiii i^Ity high for long periods, prod ucl lo n o £ Ci^'i"m^£ ^ ljiFji titttmlerfsii
can decline IH anscn fJ ir'. 1 ^ 5 J ind 'vilcs c an be invaded by exollcgraminoids

63

Con^ov^on Raik

G4/S3

ElBnoit Code

CEGL0003S6

EDITION / AUTHOR

99-1 0-1 Itn ic k Gr.:.? nkc

Spmce/ ffdd Horsetafl Forea

■ PICE A SP. / EQUISETUM ARVENSE Fored

similar C ammuniliFS

In MDnliinD end iiiabo. Fici^it gliirica
ml F'ciii f?'gfl'na/"iii hybnds »n:
com rriDn. ibiui^, lumpl au bo Lh iviiec \c^
iDf cEhcc bk pTBi: iLcil Fore] BKHi CIciliDn
piir]K>5[^ iHnLI jnil Hbiech I9'>T;

com Ecrs h JVC picv la [lily bccnpiDupcd
15 F'Cfa iml Con'fiT' in FBdycll i-J ir'
UfB^I niud^'nungblDCNlc'irf rl9S.'^>.
The riCEfVC/EQU\RV lypc here
icp re^enlH iliiHti dn m I nDled b> F.
rnfflrnzt'in/i ur FUvit biybrub is
descnbcd by PCIslcreJoJ. {1S7T1, SlccLc
€l al |I9S]> and Mduk anil Hcndeiyan
1l*B4(.

I^I-GlElllU

The F'Cfa mffJrnuw'/ / Etjune'rim nryeruf Lk i hj'idely 5(allizr?d miiu^T l)|if nbicb i^xli^nds eoslv^ uiJ In

Wvdhijh^ alnn^ Ihe Wind RivrrRanfi! Dud nunhv^ rsLn inl i nlo crulnl lilabio inl M oul nni and julik eas Ie en
OTCgan.

EiMionmaitd D escription

The CO m miinLl> Lyp? is [L<ual1> ieV rifled Lo flBKilf^ aIiH poor drai na^ c. ikLic h is ^iznllc loc-ilDpcs, secpb.
alirain ICFTBces, and fen and lake m orpins Typicilly Iherc \s i lii°e a mounl o E mlcjoropD^rapIui: rrlirEdne
Id « inlLbintiy ■nonnds and roitl cm hi' n hummoc ks iPadf ?l L fJ ^e^. i1t9. Hansen eHil L9^5| Si\\\s iir lEuilly
dcnved flam ccin? Ic^luTcd aLluvLum Tizxluie?i ire tii^hly variable ^^llh i moderalcivaEer holding cup at I Ly
Soils aceoflen i^eL ibiiouf honl ihc > ci r » i Lti .Mind i nj? i^aLer WaLcr Lables tie ubuiLly Les& LtianSOcm deep
(PidgcllffiuA I9B9, Elansencrn;. I995>.

«

R oige D Biripti on

ficen figeliiiii'i"!' daminales Bnovcr^lary IHbI i^gcncrBlly 'vuffic icnlLy open Ibial m any d£ I he slaiut'i UTHild
quill Fy ail iyot>dLand |60'< or Icis cover, P cn^clmannli B>cr»gftv59^ In Ihis ai^oci b lionj. \biiis tirs'iitnipa
and Fimis '.«iiiiint' arc occBiionaLly p rccnl on d ncr mn; rosi Ics ivLk; bi »■> windlbiroiy hummocks Shiub cover
■^ LLiuaLly negligible, u'Llh.l^^Eff] inivtm. Birlult/ iKtiiieri'iiiii. LomcfUi lyivoh'CTiifii. Rt'st/ JCyp., anul
An/eluncli/er ulttifot'n oiica^\'!nBi\i picseni These spec; les no rm b I Ly i ndlc b H ulner ccolDnaL or mic lusllc
coihIHiohs a dersc carpel of IbicdiBgno'lic hrib EipiijeSii"/ tirw/rsc chtitclenid Ihe undcrgrou' Ibi Olher
assoc I ales 1 nc I ude Ct/ic\ M/iu/l/lis. C!'ifX!hi;<€f"i!', Ct/rc\ rtn'mH/, Cf i cenir lip , CuliiiiiiigiaiUi
aii'iiiSeiiiis. Elytiii gk"nu^, Gi'MU'ittfP //(ln/nSiim/i, Sern^ia 'HH/iRiiluni. mi Smik'ciiii slelSii\ii (PadgcHeJ

WiMlifeVdues

Thi'i isiih. I Bl lo n provider hihWtX^ov Funis xiiiibeSi |moLinlBinchict:Bdeel Reg'iim calenduh |niby-
croivned kinglel| De?'ii'iiUii ctnofu'ii |yclloiy-JumpciLl \<'Biblcit.l''ruiigi' hult'Vi/iiiii' Iwcslcrn l»ii»gcr|.
Ci"L* I" li firm Ici VL'iiicr"/i'tJ (evcnLnggroivbcabj, and Ci'iiSi'eIn iimi'i |pliieM4tLn| Ei/imelu/rt i'/i^ciiii:\yo{
documcnlcd imporliiice is b JOcdsoune Corgci//ly bear |Knighl ind BlBnchiid \9S2') ind black bcir iLie
ihe&e &il» JDr uiaHDwa Itiaiecn €l ul. l^O).

&ucceson

The lypc is confide red slab Ic anul reprcsenl^ acllmixsere {Pfnlci c'til. \977. Pad^cn eS t/l.i.The rt'imhn
irrrmiiltudei / EipiijcUi"/ 1" ttr/if cammunlly described by \ oungblotxl and Muepglcr |I9S1) mcanilderrd lo
beseraL lo Fncii e"K€t"t!"'mi / Etiuuelii't a'vtnit:. Shrubiv Icmil lodomluile fnrcsl opcni ngiv c re alcd by
dulurb ancc sue ti as u'lndltinjiv

Maiagonait

Windlhcov^ follou'ing limber tiacve'vl llmlK Ihc poleulial for limber m an Bgemeul in Ihis lypc, as do conccnu
over easily compacled *el hoi Is. A rise m Ihc *»lerlBblcfnllpi^ing limber biarpeil could inlcifere u'llhfDrrsI
regencrilion {t\ ticicn €l ill. 1995J.

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Adjaccnl upland vcgclallpn is ituilly niD m i nalcd by a vanclj of eonifeni acroivs Ihe range of Ihis CDmrnunily
Carexj^p .Stilix^^p . ar BcSiilii xlumlult'st/ {Pedgell nl at L9S^, tJ ansen tr idJ. 1995J Crequenlly dominilc
idj accnl uicller commu nil ifs.

ConsavdJon Aaik
Elanait Code

CEGLOOOMJa

EDITION / AUTHOR

95-0444 1 M ibeJ lan^v:ihy-Jane&

65

Spruce/ Vdlow skunk CcbbageFarest

■ PICEASP. / LYSICHITON AMERTCANUSforest

Siirilo' Coniminitifs

Tbiis ly[icu'fiDnf ]iiill> inc Ludol v^ llhin

Oie nnge of v dndlion (i T ihf rtireit /
E£iii'seli"i irmuic cinnniiinn> iPHslcr
nal I ^77 J. 11 *» d&cnbcd by

Ficea &p. / Lysichilon iim-jru-iiiii.-i's
jiDinmiLnil ic^ arc round m [Loilhii izsl
MonLina

EiMiDnmoitd Desc7i|riiDn

This CDinmuni [} Lypr occun^invillcy
In 11(1 m^ DdjDccnriD heaver [iDniti, lilcs

DE m B r<i[ic3, iihJQn lae ^Iq|ic?i ^et^f^ ^i^alrs and ^heve \o9- giudif nl eItl! Dm L:hiiineLa bmk up ihId (firCLiBf
surfacr {\oa-^ Thr f ed und ^ucf dlc has a ^rcaL dcuL □ E mir rolDpof raphic icliiz F bcciu'i? Vbs 'vbiuLlDii -idd Led
5]inHf □fli^n bloi* d(i»n, L:n: B 1 1 nf bulnl1IlKk^ fu pluinctJ nn I wmLe) and eih dI I sa iI^e |n>D[4f LU| Thd
CDinmunjIy type a Cci und (i nlj' in nn rllihj' »1 ManLanaivben: ibs PbciCic m bhI i mr l'I i ihb Ii! j nflurnrr l?i eIidh^ f eI
(Eiiiticn L'/uf. I ^5 J. Surface hDri7Diti bavc bcc umul i Lid as ol or^inic m Jirn bI . ind n^doi drpLi^liDiis trc
raundiu mi niz tbI sdI1<. Tlif v^ aler Lab Ic liv l> pLC bI I y Allhjn^OcmoFLhciDil 'kurfice d unng iny limcDCjcaE,
uhIeeIcs lisudJLv hi^ i! El andin^ hi' ali^r dunug Vbs 'vprmg and i^ d rly sunimr t ( h amr n t^r u^. ]''9^r.

Ra>qe D esuipliDn

Fkos sp. IS Lhc dom] n Bn( ovcrilmy sprcicE, snually iviLh riLidciHiz cover. Lngc dl HnicLrr Irrcs arc Liijcom-
EEian, ind coBiycu'Dody debris IcvcIe irc iiEuaLly nLodcTiliz Beh'lis jmi'y liji-'u may ato be prcscnL Sbimb
cove E IS Lo¥^. bul sbnib di ■ criii ly is hL^h. Co mmDn ipcclcs lEicludc C(j/njji itfuV I'lr and .i ftrf fi np GnmimLd
dLV? Evilly I'kiQUBllv fBidy low, Bud Lbc di>EEiLnanL Torb \b Lysiirhslt'i nirnrnciiiiis. nbLcb LisuaJly fnius jn
dcp nzsiiD ns IV I Lh Elinding iv alcr. £[^drs['PriFn u rv[-Fri[.\ .iJ^LJijj rji yjfr i-^Tnj tjj, Hirlius titth^t-ens, aul Canim
cancdp/'sti arc oflcn pEccnI.

WiliBifeVdus

ThiECDmmLEniL} probably pEDkidrs^Bluablr cdvce for i mucLv DrivLldliriz i^pr c ics . basizd oei pirryonil
Q bzcn' B riEi Eis 41 r IV I LdlLfr Ln Hi ie cci eeifti Luuly.

Succeson

ThacDmmLinily prubably rcpn.^rnLs b I d Lr si^ral jki Eidi Lldel Dpiriuii™i crcilcd by bLoudov^n llsubJIv bBvr
bigbcEfibnib covrr (pris QbE.^. UnLrss the hi' ali^r ee^i eeic l: bangi^ niBrlLirdLy, Lbis i\ ino\I iLhrly alaiElv ElibLr
coEEim unHy. ThiE coEEiEEiuni Lj ]s Lbc wcHcl o F The spnic r [ypci. IL pmbablj onLy izip[:riiziKiZ'> i eiI icqucEiL 4l and
Ecplanng F] fee due 1q Oic CAuaLly ^el gro und lzd ndlUoiu,

fifi

Moiagemoit

Wi ndlhrow £u I kjv^ ing limber biarvcil 1 1 m I Is Ibic polcnl I al far limber mana^cmcnl mlhis lypc, asdaconccnty
over cam I y compacted *cl hoi Is. A rise In Ihe *»lcrlBblcfollpiyinf Umber biar^ c^l could inlcrfcrc u'llh Foresl
regrurnliou IHtiCicn L'' ui \995'i S aluralcd h>eL£ lie htghlj ikiace pli blc Id soi I compkcl id n □ r dUlurb ancr
by I ivcslDck u r hciv} michlnci^.

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Adjacent metier ate^m^ be dominalEil by Carey ^ communities or flduJa gtandutoB
cammunitie^ and adjacent dner ate^maf' be dominated by Prca / Eiiur^um arvaiie comrrunllles
or upland communitie&lH ansn Sai. 1995)

Consav^on Rank

G2/S2

Elanait Code

CEGLJJU04I2

EDITION / AUTHOR

99-04-14/ 1 GrccnIcc

Black Cottonvjood / Red - Oser Dogwood ForeS

■ POPULUSBALSAMLFERASSR TRICHOCARPA/ CORNUS
SERICEA fo-ef

Simihi Communities

7 his CDininiinLly is syno n j maui *Uh Ihc fos/nliii I'lLhiifii'iin / Cunius Hotnmjeiii commumly lypcdc-
Knbcd by h iiticn t^ ^jJ. |1995|. Il iniy be IhcsBmc t^ ihe P«iii'li'i infiiiTca'pa / Ci?' ii'is iU<l«iii]r:'!i-SiiSix
dcii ri bed m O rcgo n. SimilarcoininiinHlcidnmliiUcd by dilfcrcril rn;fjjjjjs ovc rsmry spec ics Include
rtJimlm /Ct'/'itts i€nf€ii. F«iii'h'i I'i'Kiisl'j'iliii / CiiTniii ilotomjeiu. tnd rt'im!iinlelSii/tSc] / Conrm
sU<I'<ni}i!-ti iMinnLngindPad^cll 1 99 5 . ViiuiigbLnod eT u^. 1 985 . H ari'icn fJ of L995|

Raiqe

foi/nim hniiitvjcra Tc^p. Tiichuti'iiio /Coiiu's itnttu camniuni ly ly pc occuis m Md ill ana W ashin^lDn,
Idilhi. iJid Oregon

E nuironmaitd D Bicription

Silr&Dccuron HJiu^Fial Icna^ cs of iriajar sliciiits anid rivers, [idi nl biis, side b bis. mid channel bars, del la
bais I'iliiHt and occasionally aniiind lake< and pi>niLls SdiI let; lures vary fn^m Id am lo coarse sand and are
gencrilly ivelL drained i^ilbi a loiv i>»ilablc v^aler biDJdjngiipaclly. These sHei are oflen Hoodciil In Ihe
B[iring ivi 111 "■ alcr labLesloucring lo i or mure feel bcloiv I he soil surfac;e al Ibie end o£ iium mer. upper ioil
pioCi Lcs rem Bi n moisldiie loca[iiLLiiy acllon Coarse lexUiredsoils, modcraleslream grHlurnls and high
CDBisefragmenlconlenbi IhrDughoul the soil pioEitc prDvidc anenvlionmenJIhal pn^doces a rapid moyemenl

67

j£h[gbily icrBldil griiundwalcr Redox co nccnl fb lioni (mollldj arcc;oininpn B^cvidcnccaf b nucluiling
*Blcrlablc (HovBlcbiikfff u^. L993, and HBaHcn tru/. L995|

Raige D eoipliDn

F«lii'h'i haliiiiiiijeiii ^^p. J'ifhoca'pa ' Comuj seuteit communi ly lypc 'w c h b fbc Icri zed by an Dvcmlory
dominBlcd b-^.Fn;<iihis bi'liiipxtjeui ^^p i'ftliiKt"pa f 25-85 % noyci) wUh rt!iiilnni'iiinsS'f"Iiit, HomclLinra
ociunng a^ ■vuboidinalc'v m I he caslcrn porHon of I he ran^c Beli'lo iias"Hfe/n and fiiptit'is '/ctnuloitSe!
atcutr t\ iuboidtnalc^ inlhc ivc^lcm ppMiDnof Ihc ran^c The dcnivc ^hrub layer is divciyc and domin Bled
hy Cmiii'i ii:"Leii |20-90^ cover) imi.'lt/fn.ltii:/ uittijt'ln/, Syiiiiilii"niiTS<'isiii€«iili\li'i..\l'itis\"<iiii!', Riiia
wotiii'/. Sali^ ex/gui' b nd o Ihcr 5u^ja species aicoflcn preseni Sn/ilit<.'f'ii i'eHuSu tndEiftmtUim unvruc are
o Clen picscnl along uiHh gram i noids. hdhc of * hich have high coitl aney.

WildlifeVdus

This comnmni ly lype provides valuable co^er,sh»de, aih3 food Cor » varicly of species Eiggame use may be
high, depending upiinlhe lime oCyear The sprciding ^. rou' n d£ rf'/ujjjjs "rcliotit/pit p rovldes nesling ■vile'i
(or Nitln/eSui IcuciKci'hithts [bald eag\ts), fti'idintt Iruliae'ttj |ifspicy| and AitSet/ hcnitln/i (greal blue
heronj. Wood pec keis gical homed ou' Is , *ond disks, ami raecoon.'i neivl in Inintcavilic? Beiveis use bolh
Ihe CO iran^vood and daguiood vegelallon For food and building malenal U ndcislo ry spccie-i pmvide £ood
and CDverfor a sanely of AilerfnAl small binJs and mammals. The 'lire amside loealhinof Ihiscommunily
lypciE vciy Imponanl i n pio yiding Ihcrmal cover, dcbii'v recmllmcnl ind 'Ireimbank 'vlabillly forfiivh
habilH iHamcnfiof L995>

Sufx^aon

F«lii'h'ibatiiimijeiii^%lt. Hrfhifa'pa is i pioneering species Ihal requires moisl baireii ne ^^ ly dcposi led
all uvlum CI poscul lo CulLsunlighlfor rcgcneralion. Inihe ibscncc of £l uv i al disturb ancc, 'viiceesiiiin conU n-
iies Id a vincly of co nifer du mi n a led i\i\)\\ii\ypt^-itKhiiJ Fi"iis fin'ifle'iiiii. Fsti'<l'<\si'£ii iiitii-uem, ib/cj
gratitS/i, Pitim. Tliujnii!iii"it, Tittxti lt€li:i'ip>"lk', ib/i^] iuirotit/pa, ov Jiii'peni^ scopiiUy'iim. [f caniCers arc
abseul shrubs and herlj aceo us speclcv IhaL formed Ihc former undergroivl h mjy penvisl 1 n ol her InsI anccs,
Ihiscommunily lype may be succcvsioml lo Ihe Saii^ xt.'<i://n/ii' / Calitfpaxr/'sSij catttnlerrsn habilil lype or
Ihc St/I/ \ hiSeti / Cti!t/"/ngi"ilii n/"inSciiiii htbilBll-jpc , •impending upon elevHlion. If dislurbince is severe
enough, allshrubikCanbe eliminated and Ihe undeislory uilll becanverled Id a herb aceous one domi n alenl by
spec len such tJ^Fou s'/nle/iiij. Fhlaiin pnitettin, Efuniis inermis. ind Ceitlmirt'ii "incttlo^n {Ei Hmcn f P uA
1995J

EiMronmaitd Dscriptiwi

Theero'vian anddeposillonal pallemof i river hclpi^ maintain dive nvily of pliuKomniunilieson Ihe flood-
plain. The dislribulionoCcoinmunille'vdepciidsDnihe ivay Ihe ri ver me andcis. Inlum, Ihe rile of me aiuler-
fngdclermincs Ihescralslageof Ihe communilies. Where Ihc river me a ndcis freqiienl I y fcu' ivlinds progress
Id lalersuccessional 'vliges Near Ihe oulcredgesol Ihc flnodplain Ihc effeelaClhe river is less pranouneed,
allou'ing I Bier 'viicces'vionaL si BgCi lo develop |li anscn tr i^^. 1995 ind BaggsfJo' L990)

Maiagonoil:

B e^ ause i>C 1 Is close pn>iimily lo 'vircims and rivers amil Ihc till lopogriphy rccrealional devclopmenlsiiid
IrinspnrlalioiKorndois irc mammon ivilhin Ihiiv lype caremusl be I a ken a hen locallngsInK lures In Ihc
CliKidpliin lo avoid damage or losiv by floods Dams Ihal llmil peak CIdas can Icid Id Ihegridual disappear-
ance of malujc ciHlon*iiod fnresl. Due kt Ihe laitof sedimeni dcposllion fo r seedbeds, penodic floouls arc

ncccBvHry fDrcDnllnucd iDllDnwnod rccmllmcnl fMrngllBna 1 996V A Hhi>[i^h sLrcamb auk erosion \s a
nslunlly iKcuccinf ptoca^. Bllc[ii[ibi In M abi I i/e M i? d mb b nhs usi n^ npcap can Iced Id i [lClCB^?d cmslon
doiyitvlrcani I hit 'vpccdi ng Ihe lofs nf co llu nu'ood loresl i n ho mc c Bics PoorLy manB^cd LI>cslock grazing
can If ad Id Idsiv of undrislo ry shnib'i aiml HJcDrciscd ircniilinf ul dC col lo nu'ODiti. M luigcmenl should
emphasize Ihc i [ri[iojl b ncf dC Ibic undci^lor^' 'vbimb layer mslrcairibankslabill/Blion b buff? r sIfi [i orihc
fosviliii 'nt ltt/Li?rpndoin\ttaad cmnmuaMy lypcv should be mBiulaincd adjaccnl lo nvcn andslccama.
UndfrcfjlBin condillnrei, fiic may be itfd tJi b IodI iDcilcndlh? life 'k[i an or c? h abi I il bIc b 'klind iHan^cner
al 1995 and Bo^gstJuf I990|

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Adj aicnl uicllc r coimnunil ics m»y bcHfcminBHd by Sitli^ e^grtu. 5 hrs/ti/id/ a, S. dnivtii'idiatui. S.
ieyenitnu. Cirnx iiSnculi?H/, Cinuhanin'i.ot b vat\tly of .\iiiui /nn/fu or T'S'hn tu'ift'lrit duminalrd nom-
niiinily lypcv .^djiccnl dncrcominiinilics may be domluilf d by F«iii'h'i ifthncfi't' lypc;, orhabilil lypftv
finm ibs Fsti'ih'Isi'Rii •iitnueiii, Fimis iioi'iie'i'si', Tlrnjii s'trcaHi iwiJtim;<€ftis iciif^itlt/'iim ncrifiv fli Bitcn
einl. 1995, KovalchitpJ,?^. 1991, ancl Bo^gsfiuf I990|

Consovdion Raik

cyi Si-

Elanait Code

CEGLO0O672

EDITION / AUTHOR

95-II&-'IT;L Williams

Booth's willo4\r/ Blue|oirt reedgraEsShrublaid

■ SALIXBOOTHII / CALAMAGROSTISCANADENSI SS/jTuWand

Sinildi Communities

Thtcommunily lias iIho been documculcd in Ulih fPadgcll t^r ^jJ. 1989), Ldiho and iv es I rm Wyoming
lYoungbloixl eial L9S5) O Iher ■vlwlics <H b nscn ci uf 1995, Hall »nd Hansen 19971 inci ude S/tl/i ho'<tliii-
dominaledMandsu'ilhin aSiiiix xcenn/ia tiabilal ly[icfDrmanB^eiiieiil pur]>ose^, ^lnce ^i7'ri h/Nitltii and
Sitl'i ^iTyeiiiiii!' ircoClcnco-djmmanl u'llhin b ivland O Ihc r lulho is {e f. FadgcllfJuJ I959| ivcparalc S.?'e i
^rTiir/rjj-dLi m malcd 'vliiHt asiscparBlcplBnl I'vsncl b lion due losliiiclurBl diUcvewiej- be\«:cta Stilix boolhi'
and St/I/' geycu/'ru ilBiyhi illhnugh baiicdDnlhc ddcnpluin:^ in Padgcll t^r n/. 1I9S9), ihcre t Aimc decree
of overlap bclu'ccnlhe lu'o pliul assoc ill lom

Raiqe

ThcSiiiix hiiolhi/ 1 Ciiln"/iig,rtii'ii imii'iit'niii bi^sdci alion iiv fnund luColDrMki.MDnliiii, Ulih, Idiho,
Nevada andwrivlcin Wyoming.

69

Enuimnmaitd DescriptiDn

TheSu/jA boolhi' I CuSumiifT'nl'i c-nffinSc/iiis asiiKiilion can be found in monlanc biabilaliv In uic^lcrn
Montana (fiom^sllcy bnllnmslo mid-cLrvaliDrei In Ihc mounliiu'vj smJ inllic ini>unl aini d I ccnlrs] Bnd
cfcvlcm M on! B n B. 1 1 is frcqucnil y fnumilon BlIu^iaL Hrra^. es «■ he nz bcivi'r a^.^l^lly has crc Bled b scries of
Jams Ihil raiHC Ibic lucal v^ilerlBble along flreiin'v, and nc a c ivCL'p^ i>c 'pci nf >> 1 1 ]< also fu uud o n sice amside
s] Ics of m aju c driiuiges and Ihcir Icibulacics &>> well a'vfpcing.s amilsccti^. Soll^ ace usually deep 'villDC'iind
Dvedyin^ cnorcsand, p.cB>cl iic cobbles This communi [>' bIccioivI invanably floods dunng ivp n ng and Ihc
gcDundv^ aler level icmiins u' i Ihin ImoClhe ivucfice I he icslof Ihc ycac Adja^cnl AcllccplBnl issocibIidcis
could include Ca/e^ii'Hculn'n.Ctirbxncrttii'ilii.5iiiii xciriiiiin/ ' Ca/c 'lU'Liiluiu. Tyi'hn lu'ijt'liir. m open
ivBlcc. »nd neiiby dncreommuiiHie' could include Ft'imhn /n/liutnif cm -i^p U'chacn'iio I Co'ii'i si:'it€ii.
Cnlii'tiii'aiUs cattin!er'j/] , Dsithwipiin fejj?ili}Sii ot Jtttum bnlsi<.-nj A VBncly of adjai:nl upl Bnds could
Dctucneiiby ringing fcumconifccdominaledcommuullie^ lo drv'hcubl Bnit such as .irlffine]/ii Iniiett'u'a
■SHKlilion'v (Hanientr,^;. I9SIS Himcni'PuJ . I^5j.

R ai ge D ^sription

The Sal' X hnolhii / CnlavtisfJiis *itttm!e?'s/] asiocLJlion bias no lypicil canopy slcucluce.il ringer £coin
pcedDmluinlly D pen lo a dense canopy t^l'i piuiio.ecnieBrlj doniinaled by Sirlit hiiii'li/i ilA't ivcragc
covccj olhcr shubi *llh il leasl 20 W consliney i en. I ude ij^ji geycunru. Sirlit lintv/rtii/idiwn/ Suli\
bi^bhra/'ii. Sain xeii'/ /milt , Rihe^ spp. antifeiiSni^lr'H'i/tlci JiiifihtttttSt/ Inihe Monlana ceprescnlallonof Ihis
asioe iiliou Itic iindccf ioa Ih is hIu m i n a led by Ciiliiiiiiigi'isl\i ti't'itiSfuls ar Culiiinafn'ilii ilncln. lEiough
appaccnily I hey do no I co-occur CH anscn sf nJ. 1995, pcnonalobHcc^alion members M TrJH P ecology MaffJ.
Inconlrisl lo ^Jja ;ti f / /^j/Err — docninaled eo m m uull les Ihescvlind' ace more oClen closed and less easily
accCkSiblcby I acgc iingul ales ^•hiie Sain x^ii:/ /unit ylani.l:i have i cnoce open couidd c ai^peel fPtdgcll tPu^
1939) Commonly as^ocLiledgcaminoids |bI leail 20 'I eonslanl) sk Ctimx n'/'cii!aH/ , Cn'cx m/i.r/'ii'i/nt.
Dei'.ltuiiiiiiiine^p'iniii.Ghce/iii i"/t/it/ tnd Jwciu bulUctiJ ind virliiBliy Ihe^omplcle panoply of cnolic
gcaises fleslLcnony lo ihe^csiles »s pnme d cav^s focdume^lic ■vloikj liJef iKiiiit-^ti'iiiii. FniRUfn/ yiig,//in/f'ii.
£;<it'<biiiiii ittig,ui'i)i!l/iii'/.Geiifti ti\iicn'iihy!bii'/.NctuLli.'iifti im'i'liiftt,Mi'ii'ti'hi/ti\iifti ilelluSw'/.Stiliiiiigi'
caiiidin's/j, and Eqiilseiiim i/j L^f7J]f compcibe Ihc native Corbs iv i Iti grcile c Ihin ?0^ coiblancy |HBnseni?J
ttl. 1995).

Sufxeaon

Siili\ banlhi' I Ciiliiiiiiigiiisl\i t!/"iiiSf/iiis sland'; ace Faicly slable i£lhe hydiolagie cegi me rem ai n't un-
changenl. Killel tPuJ 1 1 99 S) suggesi Ihil floodi ng eicnbi \.n5iilish«iiih/i I Ca'ex iiliitiiliiiiicoininu.ni\trs
(in ce-kull lusediinenl dcpo'illion i^hich caises Ihc Cloodpliju siiifacc higticc above Iticu'aler liblc. Ae ihc
Cloodplain iggcade^, Itic sile could become less saluca led which could cause Ihc ^ rimlnoid undccgcoivl h lo
shifl lou'aciil Ci/k/ini/R/oiUs ci/i'iiiSf/uis pcecniLnccn.c Similarly Killel fl994| slilc Ihaldislanccfrom ihe
Eircam channel cin change Ihcdcgcecof i^oilsalucalion ind Ihcceby LnClucnccIhe iindcfiDiyl h composition.
RcmoviloCbciverfiDm aSuSixboiiihii f Citrex iilintiiiiiu sland could also eaiCiecomposLliouil changes.
UumilulBined beavec dims could bceak, ind cause a iou'cnng of Ihe uialer lible which could cause a shin
in Ihcdominanl undecslory grimlnoid lou' aculs Ciiiiiiiiiigiiisliii-i/i'iiiSfiisn |li an^en fJ ir' 1995)

M^iagonail:

Ci/k/zni/R/oiUs ct/f'inSc/iiij Is modcralcly lo highly pil a lab le, and v^Llh hi^hgcazin^ pce-isurc, Ihcvlgoc.
ccp codiK live success indcompelilLve ab i Illy o£ I his gcass "■ i II dei cease Exollc paslu ce gcasses sue h isTfu
pntle/'s/i otAR/oi'ii i'iiii'n/Ji//it may I hen ine cease LIv cslo^. k gearing m Ihis issin. I al lo n should be avoided
Ahcn Ihc soils ace ivcl lo ivoid c huming of Ihc so 1 1 surf ai c. Sf rfri hfi'ltii ' Citli'fttitxn'sSin.itttmle"s/] yland\

70

cxpcPicdIo he avy broA'si nf pivv^urc ituil lyhjv^ rcdiKol vigor of I he * II lou' spccim , 'vuc h a;, hi^linmg,
c I ubblng, or dcaul cl umps. ivi Ibi cvciiliiil decictc m ivilLo* coverage [tieiMica el al I9^5|

ConsovdJon Raik
Elanait Code

CEGLOOII75

EDITION/ AUTHOR

99-[0-ianBckGr«nJM

Hoarywillow/ Beaked sedgeSJirublErd

■ SALIX CANDIDA/ CAREX UTRICULATAShmbland

Simihi Communities

ChaddcfJir' 1L9?S| menliou aSatu cn'riiidu I Cum liniecariii pealLind commum ly for uic^lcrn Monlina
<fh\ch is yunAarla Siilix <.iitnS/da I Cnrex ulncttla'a. eacepi ihil I he undeiHloiy !■> dannnalci] by Ct/rc
k'ii'<Liifj?ii. Ihislypc IS b1^i> supported by unp ubliivbicd plol dali on file bLMTNHP LeivLCB {L9Sft| also ikiI«i
Satis ciii'iiiiiu a. an imporlanl shrub componcnl mdv^arCcBmcgclallon al Ibic Pine BiHIcFcnon Ibic Rocky
MounlBin ^ viK. Eefulit 'ifmi / Cumx iiiftiili'li' , i^hich biai an a^Fera^c B nitttu ovtt of l^'/r anul S. cindida
45^ conslani, IS vciy simiLir loS (umlrda / C iil'iailaia.fhinh hasB m/fulS'i coitlanl wUh an ivcr»gc
cover of 13^ ind^ timd'ila *llh m average cover of only 19^. Thai is. in » good shire o F Ihc 3. cattiiida/
C uSmulala sland^ E. "um/ !■> aclually Ibic shrub domi nam I he hLgbi conslane y. bul lowcdverBgcofS
c!"'dliiii in Ihc B iiittm/ C ulnitthrhr ashoc; Lalion may merely rcflcci lnlensc bro^vsi ng pressure on I his
highly prefeiicd spccieiv Scparallonof Ihesclypcv, bI leasl as Ibicy occur in Monlana ncedfi lo be re-exam-
ined. [ I should also be noted Ibial in ihe key of H a nncn fJ cr' 11995) Ibial Ihisis a default assoeiallon; Ihc
vegelalion hey iviinply u'lll nol lake one beyond Ihe lead keying OtS Lunitnla / C iiUiciiliiia amil Iheslamil
need nol have C uU-iLiiluiii pirseaX lo be so idcniiried

R^ige

This CD m m uully bias been dese nbed only fn>m Montana and Idaho; ll ivbiould be lisled t^ rejMirled Imm Ihe
¥clLo*slone National Part of Wyoming

E nuiroiunaitJ D Btription

This CO m m unlly isfouiul In inimlane lo lo^ersubalplite biabilalsin i^ eslem, soulbiuieslern and central
K'loulana. It occunvou peat dcpo'vitslhal have developed around tbie m argms of lakes and ponds, [lanieularly
as floating mats and aiound spnn^^eeps These 'vile'v are seasonally flooded and have i^aler tables alor
near Ihc surf aie Ihrougbioul Ihc gnnu' i ng season .\djacenl uctlcr lo mm unllics often include Ct/icx
k'ii'<tii'i?ii lloating malivorolbier Ci^Jti-domlnaled plant ashoc i allons on pcaly subsl rates , 5i^^ri WNySp' /
Cures utp/i'"!/] at Salix /)ii/illi'/-d'>niintlcii ashuc lalions. loo ted aqualic vegelalion likeMr;i^i7J s[i .
Potamogelonspp or simply open Aalerchara^leiije more hydrie regimes, .\djaccnt drier communiliea
mclmle Ihoscdominaled by Fei'lai'hyiti'iiits jlonhiimh I Dejcl'iim;<j'in.-eiiii\oia ai Juncoi baHiciii.\lp-
lands arcusuall} dominated by com Cc id us fo mil lli amen f J ir'. 1995)

71

Rai^ D scription

5u^'k cjju^riJcr ^roiv^ 3^ i low shiub |lo I Smi ind ususlly dDininalcs I h? 'vbimb layer bI Ibiougbi c b nopy
coverage lends lo be \o^ f 1 0^-40^ . ivcragc L4St| ]l Is only due lo Ihe biigh coils! bul'j ami loi^ lo modcrBlc
CDVciB^e of m any olhci 'hiub spmp Ihal IhisplBnl as^iocl b lio n c b n be co rLsidcird b shnibLind Bnd nol b
!ihnib hrrbacn>LLi lypc Ihouf h miny sliniti In lacl aic more appn^piialely chiraclenzed as Ibicl alter lypc
Nol able imong Ihcsc ol hizr shrubs \^ Ri'ltthrmnrii f7J ^conslBnl, 19 1 i\etagc cavtl]. Ferr'apliyltiNiie]
Jln'ibi"'iiii [15't coreilanl. \1'k co\ct).Snl/\ iilu'i'jiiliu [iZ't coreilBnl.3*CDVcr| and Conriu ^encen {33^
conslBUI, I'i coverj. A dense caver of » variable niii of Itie folloivi ng ^fb mi nolds do m i nales Ihe undcr-
grou'lbi. Ctirex iiSnculit'it. Cure^utji/i'lil/], Ca'e\siti\uliiiii Ci'ii-x liviiiii Ci'ii-x l/tniiiit. Cuiw/ngi'ii'ii
slnciii. MuhLcnbergiaspp. ind Ii'itii^ tmlUcn The £a^.^ Ihal so many Carei spp. of such varied ecologies is
10 und WLlhlu Ihis issocl b lio n irgueforal leisl reconsidering parlLlioulug Ihis variabihly lulo more lypc^
Forti coverage is usually Id^^ f tJ ansen tr i^'. iy95J hu\. J'ifliith" tniiflimiitn arul Mfi\-!"'l>'<:ilnjnl'iiiii cbh
■Ibc comprise si^mlicanl amounls of cover The fc I Ioa lug foibs ire preseul In al leasl a Ihird of Itie simple

ttfiih'iij?h'tta ami ft/rm/i^n/ lu/liiil'is.

Sufxeaon

The su.^ cssional dynamics of Ihis cominuni ly are poorly underslood. 1 1 is mosi likely b Talily slablecommu-
nily as Ihe [ic al dc posi Is iipo n which Ihuvcoinmunily is found require i si able hydrologic regime.

The organic soils of ihislypc are easily dimigcd by Liveslock ite especially ihenud Ho* ever, due lo iKe
ivclnessoC Ihi^ lype, il mosi likely does nol receive muc h 1 1 vesloch use in any iise The response o£ 5u/j.£

caniltila lofiie hisml been dD< iimen led

Consov^ on R aik
Elonori: Code

CEGLOIJI I SB

EDITION/ AUTHOR

99-10-1 3 ;j»ck Greenlee

Drummond's Willow / Blue|oinl ReedgrassShfubland

■ SALIX DRUM MONO I ANA/ CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS
SfwuHaad

SimiTar CcnimLnities

Similar commuiii lies irn-luile Tuhy's [l^Si] Salix tSninwcfiiitina / R/bei iunn'rc /T!ial'Llntv"LcidenliiSe.
Mulz arulQueiiDi's l\9S3iSnln <l'i"tii«i!l't'mi-Sat'iiyiiiilh'i / Culuniug'Uil'i tu'iaiieiiin.Btkev'Ti (1989^
SaHy !hii"im<nid'!'"ii-Sat'x monticota / CiiinmiigTOJl'i cu'iadeaiii-Carex 'OiUiilii, and Killclef n'. {I99&|
Siil'\ ih iiiiitiu'ttiS'U'it' / ii€S'c fo^h lypes.

72

Thiik c;o minunLl) L^ i miihirlypc i n CDlacado, Ulsh, I nl sha, W Bsbii n^lnn, Bnd M □ nl bui.

E iMronmoitJ D eBription

E lev alLon rin'^e^ from ?.12ll lo S?00fccl Ibirpu^houl Ibic rBngc j F llir cinnniunny. Type ckc ut^ on Jew
f ridiciH slopcv anljaccnl lu be b> cr point , iBkcs niBPvbicN, rivers ami sLrcam;! , o r on loe^lopc^ bcloiv up I ami
ELle^ Soibv arc coiiycio fra^mcnlnl lo Bnt or gratis pc bI over deep, cnmlve, mode fb IcLy fi ne Icniurcd allu-
vium (HovBlebiik 199?, Tuhj ami IcrLHcn I9II2V Hinscni'Puf (I995| nold'rtJiL lexluie?i range fiom mI I lo

clay loBm, nh>Hling aiulglcyed ho i Is »rc common. Type !■> rel alivcly dned ci>mp arenl lo o Ibier iv 1 1 Li>* planl
lisociallDii |Ko>»lchik L9'*J| Wiler level' ran^c from il IIil' siirfai c lo 1 00 e m bclou' I he suif »cc dun ng Ihe
gioA lug 'kCasou.

R aigp D earpti on

Satis ft' i"iiiiii'iil\tmii dommalrslhr 111 I ■vhrub layer |25-60^ cover) Safly ge\-e''!i"a.SaSisiy<oih'i znASalis
"tii'ilitiilii are somel mics preseul in lesncr amounis Ihiu Itie dominani shrub. L";j/^t/ iM'rr^'^jjc nrPcr, Ribes
ssp , \liii'i "icami and folcuSilli' f/ ul/ciiii' arc uivually prcscril "■ ilh up lo 15^ cover mdivldually.
Culuiniifniil/i cum/dettin nonlnbiilci al Lci.'il 5'^ and up lo 60* cover lo Ihc urulePvlory Ol her spec icji ivilbi
highconslaney include Ca'f. /rt/t'"i"i:/t/, C uSfiiulnln, C aijtiii'it'i, D€scl'iiP\j?s\!".i^p'iiisii. A^ie'
joliiifeiii, zaAFnigfiii yiig,/i'n/"ii

Wildlife Vdues

A b undam food, cover ind piokimlly lo ui aler p ro> idc tiabilal Cornumeroit ivi Id I ifc spcclcv arid song bi rds
Moose and beaver lerul lo bieaviLy ulilizc nH>M 'vpe^; les of wlllou'

Succeson

G racing prcs'iure u' ill c Buse b drciri.'v \nCiiIn'nagiiilii cpffaiSe'iiij and Dtscha'PjfS'u ceii'iToia, uillh a
coircspDndLng mcit I've ineilhcr ml rodur cd or Lc* desi ra ble ■vpeiies 'vLk; bi b:^ R/ba leloiiini. Urfcu dimca.
ind Etp'tiel'im itrve'ise Abundtncc of Cn!n"/tigiiii'ii n/"inSc/iiis ikUggesH IhaleummunLlies may bcseril
alagesof ihrei iuiioca/t'it / CirlitfPi'xrt'sSis <.ittnnlir?'s/] tiabilil lype Thcdevelopineiilo£n.om£erover4lor>'
lends lo rediKC amil evenlually elimmalc Itieiihade m loleraril 3jjJjt spec; ics iviltioul iffccling Itie herbaceoit
layer {Tutiy andJcnicn L952, tJ aniL'n ef ,dJ. 1995).

Maiagonait

The VLgo r of Sirf ft i^p. 1 m he'ic eomm unlliKi ippcam dircclly rclaled lo^ilreambBn^TilabilLly arid rale or
.icdimcnlallon mloslreamiyslems iTuhy fJfr' I9S2) SusliinedgrBjm^deirease'v Ibie vigor reprodiKllve
SLK;ies4, arulcompelLlive ibilily of Ciiin"/iig,r(iilii mmrii'^iiiii an\i Destliaippmi raiii't'st/.To mainlain vigor
ind p reveul damigc lo noils and ve^ el aliori gracing 'ho uld bcdeFened unl 1 1 ^loiK diy, p roper levels of
gri/mg 'ho uld ringefiom lighl lo moderalc Overuse by LI>eslock ivilL re?iull In reduced vigor o£ "■ i Lloiv
spc^ LCv prcseni illu'lriled by uitcven ivlcm age dKlnbulio n higtilmin^ ind clubbing or dead clumps. Wilh
coulinued overiEie, willou^miy beevenluilly ehnnnaled fiom Ihesile iHaibCRelat I995J.

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Adjaicnl *cller ■vilCiinBy supporlSu^ri diiiiiitiwyiihi'i'ii / Ciims iiinti'li'lii, Carey iilnctiiala, C uqtmUtn, or
C jfTsiiiiSfi' vii' I'ii^tiiii'n.jriianleit lypcs, oropen ivalcr. Drier slle-i may ivupporl Srrf r i dominalcd lypeiv
u'llh zFot' piuiem'i ov Jiiiiti'i batl'i Hi un\iti^Vir,.av F«\in'l'lliiji iiiici'si', 4J/jjj t ruti^Fru or eo ni Fer dj m i-
nBledlyprslHinscn^Jfr' 1995, Kovaktiik 199 J>.

73

Con^ov^on Raik
ElBnoit Code

CECUXJIIiJI

EDITION / AUTHOR

L'»'Jft-{l6-l3/L.WLlLijnL',

Drllrnrrond'swillDW / Beaked Sedge Shrubland

■ SALIX DRUMMONDIANA / CAREK UTRICULATA ShruWand

similar C ammunities

Eirtif c Eludics ^rQU[i?cl Lbii^ ciLuniniini I) n' i Ihin b ro odi^r ^^j i /
Corcr msl ri I a lolrrn m isndi! nli Tied , aclujlly Citrf\
nUicuSiiTit]. Sitlii til i"tti\vtnS/iiiiti-5iiln boiMhii / Caret
fosifftlis-Cfex fqiiiiSilii. Hnd SiiSix / Carta roilrala-Carey
£j (p ^ (T Ft ^ij en m mil nil [fti (Tuhj nnd Ji^rticn l'>B2,Hul£ nud
Qurlm* li^S-l W a[£oi*l r-J jjf \'m) LikcwjEc!, mcnsrcni
IcLbHd, «csL? m Wj'omiug. Hnd UEabi. Jl iiii> biH-f bccnk^pE
wilhm Ihc Siiln botilh" / Caiex wslsiiiu ar Suh^ fc^-enwta
/Cnse\ rasisiiln ci>m.m.m\\\y lypti ( Yci ungh Innii iT £j^. 19115;
Fidgcll rJ o' iys?| Thc-iccammunHicsoFLciihavc bii^h
cover ind coiLsLaiKy of Sali.\ ihiimtno'tiSw'a |Id Lbi? \c\f\ □!
co-dDininin^r I m b kjug Lu[ii[ii ng dC ly pci £i^f m^ litgiL al
(Hjitcnrtfl;. L995. HbIL ind Hiitcn ^^^H.Stilix
iSnai\"io"diaiif' €oaim.\in\i\r^.«:\tti Lbicic mi if d Su/ja spec Lcs
CDmpiKi Lirrn, m ay be Uaitill louil Id Qlherca m m unili' l^'pc^
(KavnJchik l^S^J. In Bddi Lm n, Sirfr r if rc/jtrrrrs is easily
CDnTused u'llh Su^u dfi'/rtniondiana 4Ailh uibiiLbi il may
biybnill/izV Sali.i j'tdti^tiiii somclimc^ cp-domlnilcs slnnds
□laLi n^ cci nuDumly idciUifii: Hlion di \T\ca\ L H aoko^ 'kty-Jones
[En f icp iTHlla n Jr.

■iCIDtl I^lGtELHJE

Thcfdiphic anil bi> ilic lof ic siLualiDns i«hlch bLIdii Caret iilnciilt/lp daminuKt also piomolc miny
dirCcrcnl ^ip/ei ^pfcifs l~lQ»f ^ i^r, dLiiniuince bv any ckite^jj/ji spccn^ciu be Ihe n^ulL Dfmany rncbK
such B'vrlc^iliDnorfrizjng |li 1 1 L ind H h iltCH L9'?Tj Tall ^iI1di« co miminilii^ si miLir Id SitAt
iSnai\"io"diaiia / Caret ii'nci'luH/ foflcn ftllh hif h ta^cr and coml i ncy oS St/ln itH'/rtnumdiana), include
Sii!if ilniPimtmiilanti-Salu Snnilh\' ' Caiey stiilrala-Ctiiey ittpniUln, Sirfri hiioll"' I Caiex roilrala,
Sal" j^cyeiiwia I Ct>ie\ suHnihi, Sain liiHii / Carei ri'Jlrala. ind Sahf d/u/rtmujidiztrm / Cart'i
£j(jT(irPr/jT iMul/ jnd Qucjro? I9SJ; VoiingbLcKidcYjjV l'>S5. Pidgcll el al L959, HiitcnUfr^ 1995; Hill and
Hniucn 1997, WalFimltJjj/ 1997, KilLcler^F;. 199S1. Shcin ■viIEd*, spmlepi may dcimmalc a! higher clcva-
Uons-SaliJ dmm'pajiil'n/'a is ^Dmcllmes prc&rnl inshQrl i^iIIda commum Cirs such as Stihf citniliiia f
Co'ex ii'nciiIi'H', Sali.ifit'nat / Ciirtx a\ticiiliiiii, ind Solix •vfljii ' T^rti rruJruru ri'oun^bLQod e\ aS

74

19e5.Padgcllfi(r^ 1989, Kovilchit: 1993, HflnscneP of 1995; WaLCoidsf jj^ I997| Olher Co^ffi^pccl^
msy be more ^omniDii I hiu Cit/ex tt'ni.iiIiiSii i n &i m i Lir cu miiiiinLlje< d ue In vanallnrei in iieril slalit or olhrr
fBclorn Tbic^c include Saiix biyifhil / Citrex I'lpiiiiit's, St/l/\ xt'ii'/zumr / Caret I'lpiiiiil's. ind Si'lix
d'li'tiioiil'attu / Cii'nx stiii?ui'<ni'P <t" finomii'h'lk' lYDungblond i:l at 1955, Pjdgcll el at 1939;
KovBicbik 1991; HBFL'rfiii'iJj/ 1995. Hall are! Hansen 19971.

R^ige

The Satix !hiiii<ti\<m!h!'"ii / Citrex iilnc-titalii cpm.m.un\\y lypc \\ bnoivn from MohIbui Idabio Wishing Ion,
and piDbabL} u'e&Kni Wyoming

Enuironmaitd D oaiptiDn

ThecDmmunily i^ Cound inuinuw lo u' idc v a I lcy?i an alluvial Icnacnvlhal are Hdjaccnl lo stream?! a C louior
moderate gradient (Muli and Queim? l9Si; Han-Henrtirf L995; Hall and Himen 1997). The^cH reams are
oflen moderalely e nlrenchcd, Rosgcn C lypes iKovaLehlt 1 99 3 J 1 1 is equilly eommo n idjicenl lo poorly
dniuedor imjMiunded areassuch asbciverpoiHti, [leallBiHti likes. m aishci, $eeps spnn^ ind n>Hl
cnisiln^ {hovaLehLt 1993 Mosclej r^ itl L994, Hinseni'PuJ I995| Though on mosllj Clalgrourul chan-
rjcK arul hummocks |HiH7 indQueiroz 19S3JcbiarailL'n/e the mLcralopographj. \^ wllh LandConn se IlLngs,
io Lis viry fmm Enlisols arul HiilosoK li> MolLisoK. SolK anljacenl li> moderate grad lenl 'Ire a m-ii areoflen
poorly developed coiisc lei lured, and sandy ^^llh higbi gravel arul cobble conleni These ho lis allov^ Ibie
"■ aler nccessarj' losupporl Ciif<:xii\'niiliiiii locisily pass Ihrough f tJ ansen tr .?J. 1995). In Aider valleys,
cLaj and sill- loam or orginie soils are more common. Gleymg arul mollhug areoflen pre-^enl, lypiealof »
spring^ummer surface u'alerlable followed by Ihewalerlible dropping lo 100 cm belo^^ lhcsllrfa^.c by I ale
.■summer (Kovakhik I99.1| Orgmk loim and sedge peilsoilf, *llh high b> ill able walerionlenl arc up lo I
mnJeep amil e I assi Ijenl is C umul ic C ryiqun I Is indTemc Hemic^apric;, and FIbnc Hi'ilosols (Mul:'. and
Q:ici(DZ 19S3, Ko>ilchik 1991) ,\ 5cm surf aie iLller/duff layer may be preseni The soils of ihis com munily
ire held logelbier by sod mals formed by Carei speeies and *lllau' cover Ihalelfee lively slabikzeslream
binks {tfiiteneJjjf I995|

R oige D scripti on

The SiilixiSniti\'PO"iiiii'iii/Cn'e\tti\"ttiliii!icoinm.u.mi-^ lype is variable, oflen bia'Fing miienlSi^'n and
iTjircA spec ie!i premie nl SuHx iSninwufiiiti/ia is usually dominanl wilh ?0 lo 55% coveis and 70 Id F00%
conslancy (Kovakhlk L99J, Hinsen tPuf 1995 J inkovsky-lones |lnpreparallon|J Ol he rial I wlIIoiv
.■ipec les, sue; bi b\ iirlix xc'iriium/, S. hiiolli'i.S iilthfuls.S. li'iiniiihii.S hehhium/, aiv^ S. fscudiiinimSk t'lu.
usually have less lhiii4IIW c;o^ er ind less Ihan JU'< conilancy. While Ihcse spe^; les form a I all shrub canopy
(lo 4 m), shorler ipecie? , 'IK h as St/l/x Jt/i mie or Sal/x plt/f'i)ol/a , ctn bepiominenlin Ihe undeislory (Mulz
indQuclroz l983.KoyBkhik 1993, H an.«n fJ ,?'. 1 995). W here S^jJj" i species ha'-e been reduced by beaver
orovcigraiLng, Beliitit gk'i'iiiiliiin (10 lo \5'A- cayez^^.Spiiiieii liiii'^k'sii.'iv Ribts species miy be Imporlanl
|li arwen tr 1^'. 1995). Trtt^j e/'gel'ti'i'mi, .ib/i^] iuiroiit/f^a, and .-if ffjji j//tuiii^ are also oc;i asio n al I y prcsenl
The herbaceous layer I'dominiled by Citrex iiliiLiiSuiii |I0 lo 39'^ cover, aboul 50't conilancyl and Ct"ex
aipiuiit'i (less Ihan 34^* cover, less Ihin 30^ conslancy) ivilhOj/tA vr^itiina also common. Olherassoci-
aled Cufsx, having low cov er arul con'l ancy, LncLude Curex litmigiiit'st/, C.tas'iiti'iiii', C.le?"'cii!t/ns.tnd
C ichnii^errj/i Olhcrcommon graminoid species, WLlh low conslancy buloccasiomlly mode rile cover
lless I h an 40 ^ ), ire Ct/li'/rn/E//ii'ijcaniiderfj'], Fhnlnns uniiilfunea, Snri'iii n/icroa/rpiii. Glyc-t'in
&peclc^, and ^jjifrii species iMuIz andQuelioz 19 33, hovakhik 1993, li arisen ^r id^. 1995, lankovshy-Joncs
1996 J ankovsky-Jortes |lnpreparallon|J. Due lo Ihe dense SuJjt ind Cun-Tspecie!. cover, overall forb cover
IS LoA arul milnly around shrub bases. W idc?iprcid spec les are Ej'itnbiiini cilia'ttv, Gl't/v inac'iii'h<ilttv, arul

75

Eifli'ieli/m untvEit Lees cominon spcc\t^ (bul occa-'litnaLly u'llh higbicc CDVcr| ihcIluiI? Sii\/J/uga a'g'Oa.
Gat'iHt jj?et.-'fi, Feli'illei JiiRiliiiiiis. ind \sief •iiiideiliij |Mul7. ind QucIidi lys?; Hov ilc; bii k I^J.
Hfliticn eia> 1995; Iflnkovsty-Jancs L 996, J Bntovvky-lonrs |]n prcp»r»lioii|| W oi* cover is oflcn high

WildlifeVdus

Enlhc ftlnlcr, mno'vc hciviLy brou'^c SuJja dwimii'idiami shoals Thrau^haul Ihe yezvSuSix

iSniti\"iii"iiiiiiiii Ls utilized by beB^erand pnivlilcvfBirrDrB^e for elk and deer SDngbinls bI^d u\\\.\.ic SnHx
specii^ hibilBl for feeding ami ncvling In iddilion Ii>SjJja mo I masses Ihiz diznsc CiHfx fiilmSn and Curbi
atji/i"i!i^ Hod overhangs undeitul b anbi c rcallng pnme fiih biabilal {Hiuscn cS til. 1938 Hiiten eS t/l. 1995.
HbII and Hansen 1997; WaLCoidrto^ 1997)

ThcsucccNsionBl origin oi Sal' x iSnim"tii"diiii!i / Carey iiUiciilalu is no! weH kiiD*n Both Snli\
iiniti\"io"iiiim!' ind Ctirex ii'/imlaH/ ctn becolonizeisof fresbi mlueril alluvium f h ansen tr i^J. 1995
WaLCoid fJir' 1997) Thus ivhen alluviurri is e>;po'ied,s[K:has posl-Floodillldepasils aiuundu'llloi'' jddIs
or Bfler a beaver dam bnzaks, Iheie species may i nvade. Al lernalely, Ca'ex ulnc-titii\ii mighl invade on sill
deposHed in open beaver ponds, Ihen allou'ing I b ler SuJjc mvasio n as Ihe sHednes |Hul7 andQueiiuz
193?) Another hypo Ihesls. lake n £roin \.\^ '.imWz^ Stilix boi'l>'i\ / Ci'i ex iiHici'k'la lype. is Ihal aSirlii
corrimuully ekisled before Ihe beaver dam The beaver dam Aasbuill, Hooding Ihc^irrii bul nol eliminallng

II, subsequent sill Bl ion allou'ed Cursx iilnciilolii lo invade, and^^JA rejuvenaled I aler (Youngblood f J cr'
1935; Padgellrtjjf I959| Whale> er Ihe origin, si abll i ly of Ihe Su/ji j^nf Fir^iroFFJiuiiid ' Cidr^i d^iniTffoPjj
communlly Is indlealed by a Ihiek Bec;uniulBlion of organic mailer |Kov ale hi k 1993) Dislurbarhe by live-
Tilockor beaver ^m1 I reduce Si^'n iJj jjJFJ/Jiiiiii/ri^Fru eov er and allou' graminoi^t especially i nlrodur ed spec lea,
lo increase {Mul? andQueiroz 198 JV ICu'illoWk are reduced loo muLh, beaver aIII leave i n neaiE h of food
and fail lo mai nl a i n darrts u' ashed oul by 'klorms. The waler lable will Ihenloucr as Ihe sirram dou' nc uls and
Iheiommunlly *lll change lov^aid iii^\.tv5iiSixiini'P"tii"iilimii /CokHiiiR'HiUs nr/ruiJivEri] or A bies
lasLoiarpalype iHansenL'iuf 19511, Hanseni'Pu/ 19951-

M^iagonail:

Suliy ihiiiii'PottiSiu'ia / Ca'ex uliiciiSa\ii caabe a pinduclivecommunily bul *ill decrease if si>lIs are dam-
aged or hydro logic condilions change For example, recreallon Irails road building, agricullure liiKluding
draining ivilhdilchesl and I ivcslock grazing easily damage organic noils Ihro ugh com pad ion and rediKllon
dI "■ Bier holding c ap ac Lly iMuIz andQueiio; 195.1, Moseley fiuf 1994, Hansen fiuf 1995| These bcIlvl-
Eles may also cause si re am bant sloughing as ivell as premalure soil drying, Ihe loss oCvegelaliveproleclion,
and evenlual lossof Ihe lo mm unlly. Heavers are also imporlanl in mainlaining necessary hyd mlogic loruli-
llons. Thick shrub cover and efLcessi ve v^elrtess oflen limil acllvllies in Ihiscommunily LIveslock forage
value vanes *ilh season arul hislonc use bul bolhSi^'n ih iiiiiti\uttiSi!"'ii arul Ct/ie\ iiHici'lalt' are fair lo
good forage in Ihe spring {Hansen tPuJ 1958, Hansen tPuJ 1995] Ovcigraiing of willou's decreases Ihcir
vigor andean eh m male Ihemfiom Ihesile allou'ing gramino id cover lo i ncir anc. This may occur *llh a laic
summer and fall grazing regime, Ahich reduces v^ illoiv re-grou' Ih and al Ioa's sedges, wilh Iheir undcrgiDuruLl
rool rcicrves, lo lalcr pmllferale Thit long resi penods are needed lo mainlainlheci>mniunily iHanneni-J

III. 1 99 5 J. Prciinbed fire effeclively icjuvenales dead i lumps bczwt Si'li ' iJj jjJFJ/JiiiiiiJri^Fru sprouls vigo r-
ously aClerfire (quick, hoi fires are preCerrenl over sk>^v , cool buiitij. Fires also increase Ca'ex rm'/t/lir bul
only If ungrazed before and aFler Ihe fire ^Hansen tPuJ I995| BoIhSiiiix dntfit/rta/'iiium/ and Curex rt/Jlnilii
(and Ciinrxutji/i'lil/] and C. ieirtiFJiu| are excelleni for re-vegelalion ov er Ihe long-lerm arul provide good
emslDncanlrol {tiaiticm:! itl L995J

76

Adjflcoit Comniunitis

Caminun] lies iiljiccnl Id St/ln d'li'iiK'iiihi'ttii / Curex iiinti'li'lo liKludc olhr r^Ai diiiiiimottiSii'i'ii lyp?^
"■ [lh ilighlly d ncr mQislurc icgimd. Exampld tie Satis dnim"tii"<iiiiii!' / Ci'liHti'^'OiUs tittmde'/ii], Sul/i
<l'i"iiii«ii!htmii / CiiTsx jci?;<iiliiniii\ viir. pil'i'ioph'lh', tn\i Si'lw <l'i"iiii«ii!l'!"'ii / Fi'it p'l'lfian |HiHz ind
Oucini? ISHJ HarLHcni-J,^'. I9SS, Koilchlk L993, Himcn tP uJ l^5| O ihc r iiJjiciz nl communi lir'^ v^ ilh
aimll ar imiislurc levels zk Stilix feytnn'rn / Curex n?sifii\ii. SitSis hiinlhi' / Carey fJlmWi. Stillxjuniue /
Cures sttij?ui'<fiim vitf pii'<iioj?h'tla, andSu^ii iK^fft J co m m uhHicn (MuI; andQueliDi 1 911.' Kovilchik
l^J Hall and HBancn 1S97 W ilfoid tr ,?J. 1997i. Sli^hllydncr adj accnl co mmiinHic-i JUfJjjJe .IP^Ef fi jFr<a;jn
/ Ciiliiiiiiigi'is<\s ci'i'iiiSfiiiis. Almi^ iiitu'ia / CuTss iiinti'li'l!', FrlciiSiila Jr/t'irt'in / Dl^h iia/rtpiiu * eii'/'oiir,
and DtK ^i^^rrfsJu t tijfjif'iid coniniunll iCi. WcllrradjaccnH;oininunilic'v Bnz herb ac;co us l> pes |C^jn?A
uliictitiitii. Ciiresiitji/it"l/],orCt/rci !tiiiiii.iiiiiiiiaiatnalcd] and Salts fiiriiue / Cares iit/'iu!tiH/ fhiivalchit
1 ^ .' . H aiL^cn fJ (t' L995) .\dj»cciil uplandii zie .\bies luiiot-itrpii. F sifiiiSoliiifi' verrz/es/i. Fivea
e/iRL'l/rtn/i'rii.at Fii/'tsriiiiidi'/oin hibUBllypcv IH anscn fJ ir' I9S5; H b nHcn I'J uf I995|

Consavdion Rank

G3/S3

ElonoitCode

CEGL00203L

EDITION / AUTHOR

1993-1 L-?5/Chri^ Murphy

SandbEfWilloiA' / BEfrai Shrublaid

■ SALIXEXIGUA/ BARREN S/ruWand

Simihi Communities

Manning ami Pad^cll (1995Jdnicnbcd Ihc St/I'\ eiixut/ / Bettt It nommiinHy lypc friiin rjizvidi Thai iii
considered Ihcsamc as IhcSfrfn e'lniii' I Biine'i lypc of P Bdgcll tJ uf {\9S4). Tubiy and Icnsrn |19S?^
dckCribed BsirriLlirly[ic v^ilh no diagno'vlic urmlcrgiov^ Ih lor central Id b ho. O nc or mo re of Calf <i II995J
Sat's esiiiia lypcs maj be lnclinkd u'llhin Ibic viri bI id n o£ I hi^ one.

Roige

Slindi occur In EdBho f] inkovsky-Joncs 1997), Nevada CMannIng and Padgc" 1995), Ulih (Fadgell etal.
19119 J, Monlina, andColorBdo t\i.illel et at. 199SJ and pio b b bly cli^c* here

E nuiriHunaitd D Btription

ThiscominiinHy lypcoccuis along BclLvcslitunbinbiorannrBrby sireim Icnaci's Flooding inlhUcom-
munily ispiobBbly an annual cvcnl The soils iic young bihI FIu>ibI inarigin ]l cm occur In valley bolloin'v
uiLlh^ery lo* lii modcralegradicnls indcan be £roin narrou' lo very u'ldc ElcvBlionii arcnioslly bclou'
5,5011 feel iPaiilgcl I fJ ir' I9S9; MBuning Bnd Pidgcll 1995; Hoselcy 199SJ. SoH\ arc highly ^Bnablc.
rBnging fiD m highly iliblcCumiilic H ap I aquolLv and Aqulc C ryobo rolli lo early develop menial Typic
Udi £l uvenl'v All hive developed on alluvium of varying a^e^. Eilim b led b> ill able "■ aler- holding c ap ac Uy

77

ran^iznl (rom lowlo hi^h, and p biIh. Lc-sizc cl assc iik;I[hIc rinc, loimy b nd s»ndy-skc Ic 111. W b Lcr I Bblcv ringcul
(torn near Ihc surface lo over 3 feci bcLoui Ihc surface (PBiigcll l'I </!. L9IS|

RaigeD oaiption

A dcibc slaml af Sulii e^gtta doin\nif^ ihr ovcn^lory of [hm Dllienvise drpau[icrilc comniunlly Olhci
wlJIowfi, fine h jfiS luiianiSm. 5 aiKfilatnidei. andS.I't'ea, m ay ikcihio n b 1 1 y be niLno r camponcnls Poia
v/rtii^'/. Ribfi ltt€T"t€.OT Cn'iiii ieiicea may be preHcnl inlheshiub layer, Dulin very Idiv cover. The
undergrou'lh is open ivi Ibi prcdij mi n b nl ly barcpniuiul ruck or leaCliHer Forb species arEseBllcrcd and In
fo* lover, ill hough dLvcrilly may be hLgbi GrBininoids are general Ly abivcnlor Ln low cu.erfM inning ind
Pad^ell I995>

WiliHifeVdus

Slandsof IhLscommLinily provide excel Icnl Ibiermal and biidi ng cover for a WLde rB ngc of "■ i Idlifc species.
Siih\ eMRiiii n nojinilly no I as bieaviLy bio^^'sed &■> ol her ivi I low species. E e b^ eis lemil lo ul i LIze Sj^ja tu^jj^j
(HaitentijjJ \^5).

Thc^crrn ei'f,i't'/Biir'fi lype is in early 'vucces'vional type Ihil has hid I illle under^JDivl h dcve lo pme nl.
3 omc si aiul.'v have ralher lenc solIs "■ bin. bi i nhlblls Ibie esl ablishnicnloF herb aicousspLiries, while olhcis iip
very i^el, bul biavehid iiLsuCCiiienI lime fore'klibll'vbimenl Succession m Ibiiscomniuiiily u'llhoul outside
dislurbince *lll ktcLy lead loward I he SjJji tij£jju / A/ti^c forb or S. fT^g rf o ' Mfrif gram i nold lypes in
moifilfiLluiliorc while drier SI les may develop lnlo Ihc^ tufjju / TriJ f j uJtiisji coininunily iPadf cl I f J cr'.
I939|

Maiagonoil:

There is essenliBlLy no Kerb aceous 1 1 veslock Conge available in Iht lype. Ttie willou's provide stability of
si re am banks ii^ well is ivlreain shading

A djacoit C omiHHiitics

\ i^idc range ofuplBiidcommuiilliesciiiocciiron adjacenl ivloties, ranging from s al I dcierl shrub ind
SB^ebntih-sleppeiommitiiilies il Ihi' lo^ereloiliortlo Lo^-iitoEilane conlfeious woodl andiv and Eoresls il
■he higher elevilions

Consov^ on R oik

G5Q/S5

Elansit Code

CEGL0ni200

EDITION/ AUTHOR

97-12-Jl VB.Hoselej

7B

Saidbcf willow / mesicGraminoidShrublErd

■ SALIX EXIGUA / MESIC GRAMINOID Shrubtand

Simila CommunittQ

Sa mc H atacn tr u/. (J ?9^) slaod'k ftib} film iJiLk type.

R^ige

9aid5 occur throughout Ut#i, Extreme iijeaern Cdlorado (Padgett fle/ 1939) crd Ihe Calorado
Front Paige IK ittel a af. 1993), and throughout I di^iQ (Padgett a aJ 1939,J anko^^^y-J (nie&1997)
and M ontanalH an=En Sal 1995).

Enuironmaitd Oevriptioii

Thfi type occun^ an ylrcam lcrrHC«i ind i n m? bhIo Wv ashuc; lalcil ivi Ibi 'vireim ^ hann? lii rram sboul 2JJ00 lo
7,700 ICcl. VilJcy bolliini;! may be narrou' lo vtiy u'ldc Bnduf loiv In muiLlcrilc gradicnl. Thi^ co m m unlly is
nnl in Ibic mo'vl dynamic |Kjniunii£ Ihc flt>ndplaiii &■> arc si>iiic of Ihc u Ibicr ijJjA tAJ£jJu lypcv iPad^cll tn^J.
I^IWJ. Walcrlablci nn^c Fram IbiCvurFBCcloDvcr Ihiviz fci'l IhIda IhcMirfaic. DisliiKl and pnj m i ncnl
molllc arc cominon ui Llhlu 20 Inches or Ibic ivurl bcc inillcBlinf iscasitnaLly bii^h ivBlcclablc Sd i Is indic He a
broad rmgcof dcvclopmcnl, fmm Ibic ucLI-devcLd pcd Term E orti hcmi'tv Cumulic H ap loboro lis , Typic
Cryaquolls, and PichlcCiyobonnllf Id Icsiv-dcvclopcd Aquic Ciyoduvcnls ami Flu>»quenlLC HipLiiicrolJTi.
So I Is dcvck>[i on alluvial dc[io'vLlloitii>£>»ryLn^ b^Cv Parliclc-'vL/ccli^sc^ *crc highly varLabLc, *llh
ciilJinBlcd BvilJablc ui aler-bioldi ng c ap acily Ciom Ida Hi modcrale fP adgcLI tP jj/ 19S9).

R oige D scripti on

Sat'i ex/fui' 6oimnBlc Ihe o> cislo ry of ihK lypc.St/ln hileii andlor S. lusra/riint may bIh> be promincnl In
ihc ovcclorj' and in'^omc i nsliiices m ay cn-dommilc Ol her shrubs arc ly pic ally m i nor co m poncnis d£ ihis
lypc. Tbic undcr^roivlh iivchBrBclcria^d by modcrale lo dense co^eraEgrimlmiLd'i^pcciei, LncLuding Ciirei.
'leh/t/it'^tti'i, C k"'iif,iiiniii. Jiiittii batl'ciis, Eleocha//] in/lui'fii, Agi'ii'ii lUiii'n/Ji'/t/, Stifj?uj iiwrxeiij,
.iE'Di'irt'tt rbi'di. Bnd. inorte fdihii si bihI, C ihetd'Hiil. Forb cover K ly pic ally spaiJiC {Fadgcll el at L9S9|.
a! Ihougbi £.jrfjitrjj/ii j^p. {E t/rvetne bihI £. f irtirg irPf f fpJ c »n occ aslonally occ lir In relallvcly high cover.

Wildlife Vdues

S linds of I hiiv CO m munily [injvidceiceLlenl Ihcrmal ind hiding cover Eo r i wide range or wildlife iknec les
Sat'^ ex/iiia ismrmalLy nrti is heavily brou'sed as other u'llloi^ species Beavers lend lo ulii\it Satrx extiiia
heavily {Himenefjj/ 1^5].

Succeson

In iriosi M lualLiins Ihc Sof ft FJPjff f o ' Hpsjf grarrii noid carrirriunily K considered »n early ivUcccsivLO n a I lypc
pioitcenng sind and gravel biis bul il may be persiilenl Incerliin inMances. Ttiis lype appeanv mgcneril Id
be ivellerlhal olher Sirf re fc^jf d^fT lypes and I he environmenl i\ libeLy lo be more fivorablelo Ihceslablish-
menloE rhl/omiloitgraminoids |Padgel I fJ irP lys^f

Managonait

The rhi /o m alo us grami noid cover in Ihi^i cammunily rrsullin high ho 1 1- holding andMreambanhslablli/allon
abilily. Should Iheslarut'v become drier and/or grazing levels increase IhK lype mighl be replaced by Ihc
Sat'i ex/iiia / fi/n I'lit'er'sti ot pot^tb\y I he S cxIgua/BiJicncommunily.

79

Adjacoit Communities

B e^ aici? af ihf AldrcLrvaliou^riiliciilcjvcri^hlch Ibiis lytiocciiis, adjtccul up] aiml co inm uull ic?i c in rsngc
from sdpc bncih-slcp pc Iniu nifc rpit forc-il »s.ik [»l lon'v

C ontov^ on R aik

G5IS5

Elansit Code

CEG mill 211 i

EDITION/ AUTHOR

97-I2-3I/H Mosclcy

Geyer's Willow / Blu^oint reedgrassShrublaid

■ SALIXGEYERIANA/ CALAMAGROSTISCANADENaS
Strutiand

similar C cmmunilie^

ThL^cnmmunily ht.\ al!,D been doe umciilcd in Ulah {FBdQcll el al . t959| Bnd klBhi> iHaLI ind Haiwcn 1^7,
YoungbLinjiil tP u/ 1 985 J Sc^erfll flulics |H b nncn fJ of . L995, Hall ind haiLscn L997| inclunlc In Ihuv
a^Aih. Liliou M ands dDininalnJ by Stili\ hot/'l'ir, t aIIIov^ Ibial is Cieqinziilly a cu-dnminanl wllh 5i/'ri
gt'H'iiiiia and Ihcy \a.\.nAc Ciik"iiigiiiiUi Hiicla as * ell 3i Diistht"ppiiii rciiiilt'st/ as dlignu'ilic; 'ipceicsfOr
Ihc uiideigroiyl h componcnl. Using Denho'tpiiit fesj?ilni!' ivouldgivc Ihl'i lypc camp Icic overlap ivilbilhc
Siili\ gcycnt/fu / Dcit-!niins'j'in.eiii/'ii]i' Shrubland ashoc; i allon |CEGL00I2II5| reporlrdfpr I d ahii. M on-
Itnt. amil Ulabi Olheriulhory fcg. PBiigcllL^lul 195^1 dcvignalc Sof ri hi'"'ltii-doin\nBad\Itna' as iscpi-
tale pLanI asho^ liIidh, b B'ml on sI mcl uril dLlTciEn^cs bclu'ccn 'vlind^ a hcicln ^irfr i bi?<>\hli is pcccmincnl
and I hose "■ bicrci n 5uJjA iti L'^ r^j^EO is prcdo m i nani For Colorado, HHIci eial { L 99 5) dci nbc aSirfu
f€'e"ii'i<t-Siilix iiii'iliLiiSu I Cn!ti"/tigioi'ii fafinSc/iiij comnninny i^hich bia< an undcrgioA Ih Ibial i< 'iimi I ac
to Sul/i seycnatm I Culiiiiiiigi'iilM tii'iaiieisn btK *h[ch bia^Sfrfri "tii'iliLiilii m Iheovcislory as » co-
da mm ml insHid of Si^'^ 1 hot/'I'ir. InNcvanla MBnnin^ and Padgcll fl995|dcscnbc tSt/ln gcyefn/fu '
^T rivLC gra m I noid as'ioc iilion Ahich is si mil ar lo SuJji: ;e> fjiuiii/ f CiilaiPii^'-osiis cafuiiletisn , aLUnugJi Ihc
undcrgrou' Ibi of Ihc fonner IS ipparcnliy moicdivcTac

Raige

ThisLijmmunily or our very ■vimLlar lo iloccurn inldabio, Monlina, Nevada Ulabi Wyoming amil poivsibly
Colorado

EiMronmoitd Description

Tlte Si'lix gey enami I CiiliiiiiugiiislM twiaiieiisn associ alion i: h n be found In monlane habilil:^ inu'cslcm
Montana Ifiom valley bollomslo mid-cLevalions In Ihc mounliin'vl and inihe mounlain'of cenlral and
cisHmMoiHana. 1 1 is frcqucnll y foumilon alluviaL Hrrai cs "■ he nz bcavcracli>lly has ere a led a scries of
dams Ihil nine Ihe loc;al a Her I able, along ^Ire ainiv, and near seeps or springs. Soiliv are ituHlly deep sill or
s a nd o^ erlymg mor[:sBiid,^ri> el, or cobbles Thiscommunily itually floods d unng spring, with die wilcr

80

level u'llhlu Lm or Ihc surface Ibie re^loClhe yeti Wearby wcnerconimuni lieiv c;o uld Include Carex
ttliicfitala. Cit/e\ uqi/itli!/] , St/l/\ gi.'yenattii I Ci'ity iilnctilk'lt', T<iifia InHf"Iiii. or apta<falct.tna ucirby
drier CDinniuiill le^ CDuLd inciuiie Fi't'itltts huhavjcra up. "idromriin I Coiiiui ss'neit. CiiluiiiugioiUi
Lt/fnnSemii. Dcitimtni'^n/ *i:iii/Siiiii. oi Jnncui hirll/iui.A >»riely d£ iiJ| Bc;eiil upLimt could occur ne arby,
ranging fm m CDnilcr domlnaled CO m m uulUe?! Id dry iihrubl aniti ^uch a^ .irlci?/isni Iniictimm a&ociallDrei
(Hsn-ien ft t'l. I9SS, Hansen rtjjf . I?951.

Raige D airipti on

The SjJm geyt-nt'ttii I Ci'liHii't^'niUs catttuJerrj/i assoe i alion, is il nccuis m Muni an a haii an nvciMniy
daniLnalcd by St/I/' f,f\€'M/"ii |-40^ avenge eoverj, whu-hoccuis as large clumps anumber of ihub species
occur Ln a ppiuxi m alely a Ibii ml o£ I he slaiuts. i nc I unli ng Si^'ri br^hliiiin.Siilix !hiimmi?t\iiin'ia.
I'e'ilas?h\1lii'dei jlimhuida. R/bei ipp Aboul 10^ of Ihe Ihe slands of Hansen fJuf (l?951 had Beiiir//
"liii!/ rrpicsenled al 20^ nr higher cover u'hieh t>cc asLon.'; specul al lo n »s lu relalLve Lmpo nance nf Ihe
1 ndie alu r si Bl us u C ^. ge<-fnt'mi and B "nin/. Bog birch is i spec; les sirongly assiicialed ivilti pea Hinds ind
all Ihe illemLlaul smisrelaled phenomena. Why i gencralislsuch asS. geyt-nami should be aeeonded
indicalorsigniCieineegrealer Ihan IhaloFB ttu/Kr befseiplanalion These si aniti hive anopeneurndor
Hspecl ivhileSfrfri ftfir/m communi Ilcs are more o Flen c loscd and less easily accessible by Laige ungulalcs
iPad^ell ei lil \9S4). The undergrou' Ih is doniinalcd by Ciiiiiiiiiif,TiiH\i c!i"iiiSe/iiis or Cuiuiiiiigiiislii
iUicla. Ihe luo seemingly do nol co-occur If ihc livo Cofu/nuji/v'iirs spec lea hive loiv cover vilucs {Less
ihin 5^1,lhcn D€scha'Pj?s/ii ceisiltm/ is used as in Indiiilorbul genera 11} Us cover Hnd cdei&I ancy Ls very
io<f lnlhlsissr>clalion. hou'ever, il isdecidenlly dubious "■ he Iherlhissuile of species iclu ally are Indicil i ve of
I comparable envlionmenl Carei ulnculalaislheonlyolher nilivegrarriinoid preseni in al leasl 211^ of Ihe
slinds and haii lo^v cover, however, a full comp lemenl of exolic grasses evidence high consi ancy and cover,
indlcalinglhesesileslD be llveslock impacled. Commonly associiled fal leasl 20^1 co nslancy) . b ul by no
means irulic alive, £orbs are AjSi// t'<.inle/"itl'i. Eii/liib'i//i spp., F/ii^inri/ <^if//i'i/"ii. Geiiiii •/iiicmiihyHiiii.
He/i/clfiiiii k/"t'liiip Mi'ii""l'i:/rti/n/ s'LilaSw/, Siiiidi'xii tiittuile/iui. ind EipilseUim tinvrrii/ {Hansen e'
al 1995).

Sat'x £e'-€//ii/ia I Cuh/tugioiUi c/tmiile/'s/^ slands are fiirly si able if ihe hydiolofic regime remainfi
unchangenl. Killel tP t't 1 1 99 5), suggcsl Ihal flooding evenis \.a Siilix K€'i:iiiiii!/ 1 C!/i€\ u\//'.iiliiiii commu-
mliescin resull in sedimenldeposilion,i''hich raises Ihe (loodpl ai n surf *ce higher above Ihe i^ alerl able .\s
ihefloDdplalniggranles, Ihc SI le could become relilively drier, u' hie h i n lurn could ciuse Ihc gram i noid
composilion loshifl louiaids Ihal of Ihc 5 geyenini / C 4 crrrfji/^rir] associilion. Similarly. Killel 11994)
allies Ihaldislance From Ihc si re am channel can change ihe degree of soil saluralion, ind Ihereby inCluence
Ihe undccilorj' composilion Removal oF beaver from asyslem sup porting ijJjA fti l'jjuiii^ / Ca/ex
f/JjjirryirPrr slands could also caitecomposilionil changes. Unmainlilned be aver dams could breih, and
cause alou'erinf of Ihc walerlible,¥^hich could cause ashiClin Ihcdomlninl undeislory frimmoid lou'ards
Cu/u/nuj(/^JsPrs fanude/iiij ^tJinsen et ai. 1995).

Maiagonoit

CiiIiiti\iifni]l/i'LH/ii'iii/iiiiii\ moderalely lo highly palilable, arul ^vilh high grazing pressure, ihe vigor,
repiod ucl I ve success, and compelllive abilily of Ihis grass will decre ase. E fLolic p aslure ^risscs |e g.Fim
pinH/mii. Ar/oi'ii i"iiim/Je/it , B'litnm itie//rt/] elclwill Ihen increase. L ivesloc t: graiing In Ihis isiociilion
should be avoided a hen Ihe soils are ivel lo avoid c huming of Ihc soil surf ace. Si^'n geyffi/i'n I
Ciiiiiti\iiiTosl/i ciiiiiitlmij'i ilijvhi exposed lo hcivy browsing pressure usually bhow reduced vigor oC^he

wjj loui spccici, such HH biighl I ni ng, clubb I ng, or dead ^. Lum piv, * llh cvcnlual dccrci'ic in * il l(jv^ CDVCFBgc
C onsov^ on R aik

G5;34

E^anait Code

CEG LOO 1205

EDITION/ AUTHOR
99-10-15 fJic^Grrcnlcc

G eyer'swillo4\r/ Beaked ffidgeShrubland

■ SALIXGEYERIANA/ CAREX UTRI CULATAShruWand

similar C cinimunitie&

This citmmum Ly hf^ bcc n ikic; uinculcd by b num b? r dC 'klud ics In u Ibicc u'cM? m IiI ales, IncludLng ? aslcin

Oirgun iKovakhlk L 9 37) . L' lah IPadgctl eJ oJ . !9S9|,NcvaiLlB iMBnnin^ and PidgcH l995>JdilKi |HalL and
Himcn 1997J, Colorado (FiHlcl ei t'l. 1995), and Wyaniiiig tChtik\ci!l ul . I9II8| Scleral Monlana ind
Idaho MudlCk [tiaiacn c^' nl l'J95, Hall and Hansen 1997) likIihIc inlhif asnoci aliou si a nds dannnaml by
5^j^ji /'ot"l'i'.t ivillow Ibial IS fr«|uciHly i (i^domluinl •j'ilh Stil/\ geyct/fii Olbicr aulhiiis {c^ Fadgclirt
nl. 1^119 J '^patalc Sill/' ho'"hii-doin\ttaadsIaiyk as ascparalcplanl issoclalmn, b ascd □ n slrucl uril dLffcc-
rncts bclwttn Sitl'x hiiiisli/ 1 at\i.\Sti!i\ fcyefn/zruilBiyty. These same Monlana ind Idiho 'vlulics Ihalslesik
ihe manaagcmcnl appLlcabllily of ^cgclaliDnlypcs itco^nae Cunx uS/nuh/H/. Ct/ic\ vfstca'iii and Ciirex
aihfTKiSfi as ecological amlogucs, 10^ cover of anj one of Ihesc ipci iCv or Ihclr co m bi ncd cover li sufCi-
clcul fc r rccogni zin^ I he ti-^'O'.'iiWun.Tbs Sain geyei'ii'ia / Ca'ey iiqtiiiilSn association is alHoquLlesimiLir
in Ihal C. t'tfiii'liSii \s aslhc urmle rgiowlh doiniuiiil isil i& in a number of stands of Ibic ^ ie'-€'fii"ii / C
III"! iiliiiii iivSocialLDn As * i Ibi Ihc 5i^'ri geycnittm / Ct/lt/maR/oilii ct/finSc/iiis issoclalion Ihc prcscmcof »
number D I stands Allh bii^h coverage for SfJjj^u fuui? would serin more indlcalivcofa pe a I- ac^ um ul aling
cirr an D[i posed Id i conve nl iou al ^/ja spj>. siv am p , making illcasi t porlioiicil ihiik asikCiL. i allon ^ cry simi I ar
la EcUiln fuim / Ca'ffx ttUUnlu'ti

Roige

This community i< found in Monlana, Idaho c aiilein O regou, Ulah, N cvada, Calarado , and Wyoming.

EiMronmoitd Dscriptiwi

The SnI/' geyenana I Carex iit'itiiliiiii iivsoclalmn Kfoumil is a m ajor p I ani ashuc; i aliou inmonline tiabilals
in wcslern Monliui fCn^m valley bolloms lo mid-elevilioiisin Ihe mouulainsl and in Ibic mounlains of
cenlril indcaslem Monlana 1 1 1< Crequeully CDUndou alluviil lemcc a here beaver iclivily has created a
acnes oCdiins Ihal raise Ihe IikiI i^aler lable, alangslreams and ue ar sec p' o r spnugh. Soils are usually Cine
lexluml mineral noils Ihil accumulile during periiidic Flood evenis and Ihey may hive a surf ace orginic
honzon. Soil mclmn isneulril lo moderalely alkalirte (pH 7.0 Id 7.5|.iiid Itiis ci>niniuiii ly is usually
ftcndcd dunjig Eprtng andearl^'s^immer. wilh the ivaler level near Ihe surf icc Ihe resi ofltieyear Nearby

82

wcllf r coniiuiinLliiZ' could Include Caiex iiintiiloin . Ca'ex lajtocnrpn, T';<ha It/I/Jiiliu. or open ^atcr. ind
nc Brby drier CO m m unllic^ CDukI include Sain xcreHti'ia / Catinnaxfil/i tum/detiiri. Ciiliiiiiiigi'isln
ti"'iiiSfiiiii. Dfsc>'iiti\;<j'!' tsiii'iiiiii.oT Jiiiiti'i bftlitiis.A \mc\yai Biij bcchI upLimfci could occur nc arby,
rsngLng fiD m CDnLrcrdDmlnalfdcDmmuulUni la dry shrubl Buib such 3S .\Tlepiiiiii Indtnlnln a&^ioc lalloie
IHHnscner,^;. 19SS, HBitcnrtjjf L9?5j

Raige D Biripti on

Thiz Si'lix xe'tiiiiiii' I Curex i/lncrtlaTir awiociilion ryciically has i sonic*h»l open a^pccl wclh in ovcislory
duniLnalcd by St/l/\ geycunru |?2^ avenge invert *hLchoccujH as Large c I um piv. Ibicdivcisily of ^hrub
spc^.LC'vOccuJ^ngl^ HiKlypc bvUDHbk, [i acliculiily among IhcSfrfri 'vpp. 1 L 4 spec; icsj u£ "■ bin. bi Su/ja \va>)ii,
S iilu'i'jiiliii.S ihiiii'PottiSiii'ia. and 3. btHiihl have il kasl 211^ c-onslancy and 10^ ivcrjgc cover Curtu
iiliiciitt'la IS by firlhe undergnjivl h dij mi n a nl , folLo*cd m iin]>i>nam.e by C. utp/t/lilis anddiilaiUly by
Ciiliiti\ii/,ni]l/i (niii'iicttiii. Iii'tiiJ bi'liiciis tnd Dei* IrutMiim/ (L'st^iSiiiii Commonly a^soc i alcd forb spec les
arcAsSi^/ '>ni<l<nt\iiSii.Ej}i>nbiiiti\ '.it'!'li"t.Geii'P ti\iit'i?;<hyliiiiii.ht€t\\ltiiiifvfiiis snd Eipiisfiiiiii u^ieustf.
ThiikCammuully cinoccur IS i piriof a dlveisc iudshic of well and lypes depending on degree and fic-
quency of Cloodlug, ikCoun ng, c bianuel chingen , and beivcr acllvlly iUkKicn €l ul. J ^5 J.

SuofBon

Sal'x ie%-e'iiii!i I Ctirbx iiinci'laTa THanik arr Tairiy ill able if Ihc HydEO logic regime Ecmaim unchajigcd
Mou'evcE. flood I ng evenDiCHU ccsull luscdinienldepci^lUoii, Ahich raises Ibic flood p] am surf ace higher
above Ibic v^alerlible. A'l Ihe Floodplilu aggrades, ihe sile could become less saluraled, u' tiic ti could c aite
ihe grammoid undcrslory lo change Similiriy, hlllcl fl^l4| slUes llialdislanccfiom llicslreiin channel can
change Ihe degree oCHOilsalurilion, ami Ihcrcby influence Ihc undcnvlory composilion Removal of beaver
fjom asy^lem tn^h\'.h Saiix xe<i://n/ia / Ct/ic\ d^incfffo^fr elands occur couldcaitecomposHionil changes.
Unmainlamed bearer dams do break, causing aloucringoC ihe u'aler lablc, ^hLchinlum iiL'Ugalcs ishlfl In
ihc domi nam undcrgiD* Ih gram I noids lou' anil i more xcncspccici as.'iemblage | tJ aiwen er id^. 1995)

Managonait

Sat'x spyp'i'""' I Ctinx uSmt/laH/ yland^ nxpofcii lo heavy biD*'sing pressure uhuilly shi>^^ reduced vigor of
ihc "■ I llo* spec ics , such as hLgbilming, clubbing, or dead clumps, ^Mlhevenlual decrease In *lllou'covcr»ge.
LivcslDctdislurliance in drier Si^'ri geyenanii I Cutir jjrntJjJi^iid slaruts c an rcsul I in increases in cover of
cxolic pislurc grasses |e.g Ftii i'/t/lciiis. Ar/oiHj sSiilii/irJ'^n'. Eniti\ni itn.^'/rtn') however, Ibicsceiolics pone
less Ibireal here I ban in Ibie dneri £<r\eiliiii!' / Ci'liHti'^'OiUs tvtttnle/iiis issoclalion. Weedy Coibs Include
TtinixuLii/rt oj^ciate, Cmriim a'veiie. Cl" yniiiihemiim leii€!i"ll'r:"iu"t.\iau^ llieir pop ulalions seldom
ihrealen Ihesilc.

Carex iiluti'liili' palalabillly is vanablc, bul il may be tie av i ly ulilized o n nanow npanansllesu'ilhinexlen-
sive rangelands Conlinuedovcrgrizingcandry llicsllc and lc»d lo increases m exollc grass cover The *cl
andoflcnsaluraledsoilsoClhis ashociallon are vulnerable locompacllon by livesloct: iHinse n tr idJ. 1995)

Burning of ihis associ allon lemporari ly increises pn>duclivHy of I he sedge undcrslorj' and c »n cffccliv e ly
reju>en»le dec adcnl clumps olwilloivs. Gey er's* II lou' *lll spin ul quickly aflcr quick, ho I fires, however,
burned SI les shouldn' I be graied fa r 2- 3 jcara la avoid allrac ling liveslock lo young, pal a lab le rc-grou' 111
(Hansen el nL 1995).

Contovdion Rank

G5/S5

B3

Elonoit Code

CEGLOOI207

EDITION / AUTHOR

L 9^- ] a- L 5 / J BC k GrccnIcc

H arstem BulruEh H erbaceousVeg^ation

■ SCIRPUS ACUTUS/^ffiHCECUsV^efafion

similar C crnimunitiFS

HanF^n ei at. (19951- Hall "ml Hbhsch 11^971, ind KilHl el ill. |199SJ have u Stv ffwi ncitlitj hibilal lypc In
Ihclr cl Hiv^iific allDiEi Ihil Includes M'LumbiniWo']!- ui St' fi?ii^ utiiiin and^ vi'lidm [=S. Iiibe'i'iiiiti\i?tt\ani)
diK lo SI m I LirllicN in cn^ imnincnIaL ^. j ndil lo niv and managcmcnl conccnti. 5t( 'jTfi valnltts i^oflcn Ire Bled as
mcpirilc bILlidciz in Ihc Wizivli'm Rc^ioml Vcgclilion C I asivLrLcilion (Enur^cmn and En^clkin^ 1994) CdLc
1l995| diZH^ nbcd I ouc bi^soi:] allaiti Ailbi^ it<.'tltts a^ Ibic dominanl iipcc iCk, S iiftHtiJ-WiiiietiiMianiillii-
uqi/it'ica, S. aailiii-Lenittn sp.. S nciiSui-Lrrm'ia ^p.-Snluniurt diiScitma'tt , and 3. aciiUis-Typhu k'lrjiil'ii The
SLt'ftis ac'iliis lypc dcivnbcd ] n IhisCCA cncompi'v.^r'k ? nou^h CDintiCvilinnal and 'vIcuclurBl viiiBlion Id
liK ludc C □■? 's lypcs.

Roige

Slandiv Bi? knoivu Cn>m O icgoji, Wa&hingluu, Nevada, C ill lomi a, Idihu-Culcicado, and Ntanlana

EiMronmaitd D escriptiwi

Slandsiif Ibii^fomniuniLy Ijpc jc;cur»lpn^lhc miigLiBi d£ pi>nds. lakc^, and rrscPFnlis slnn^cr: pBrillclIng
filrcam and ci ve c chiuncls or bii>ad 'iiv b Ihs inbickivalcc mBnvbies ind 'vlou^hs ll K loumil il loiv lo mul-
cloilions fram Bboul 2Jl00fccl lo bI IcaslftiOO £ccl. Tbiis lypcoflcn Inbiab i Is rcl b li vc Ly diziz p i^Blcr
ill hough Ihe *»lcrk>cl m»y be draivn dou' n coitidcribly Ibinnugbi Ihc grou' i n^ season (H anscn eJ i^'. 1995,
HbII and Hansen I997J. SolK are commonly MoIIlsoK (AquolK|,Eiili4i>ls | \quL'nlsJ , or occ asLonaLly
Hi^li'iols. Tek lure« D F sujf tee hunzonson Id n^li> ed <l aiHti iir [iredomiiiinlly Cines, Ahich appear is black
orgleycd. mucky c; Lay or silly loam soils ivi Ibi high conccnlrilions of decoin]>i>scd and partial I y dct'omposcd
plani malenil Ihil acciiiniilaleoverlime Crom annual die back. \ I luvi al iiiiids , gra^ el aiidc;obblcs may form
kn UDCDnsolldileiLl miliix in Ihe subsurface honzDns.Walerlable?! iir generally al or above Ihc soil surface
ihcDughoul Ihr gcou' in^ season SmI cea^ Hon v a ne^ Ccoin itculral lo modcralely ilkiline ipH 7 II Id
eOHHanseni-Jfr^ 1995; Hall and Hansen 1997)

R ai ge D ^sription

lite Sclrjws lit iiUis lypc usually appears as animpenclrable monolyplc sland oflen reac;hing2 mor more in
heighl STfjJddsssp. require high levels d£ molslure Ihipughaul ihe year, arul ivhlle sland^ may colonize
SB lura led so I Is along 'ilreainbank' D r on Ihepenphcry ofpond^ and reser^ oirs. I hey lypically eklendoui Inlo
ihe Aaler column Id 7 m indeplh. Due lo Ihe dense gioA Ih forni and I looded ui aler rcgirrtcs. olhcr specie:^

are largely abseni arif pre^enl, mlimiled amounlslCole 1995, HanscneFuJ. 1995 Hall and Hansen 19971-

84

WildliTeVdues

Scrri'iinn.iiSui [i rovidcs viluibLe iH^linf ind n>ii^l] ng cover for b virirly oC'iongbLnl'i and u'alcrfou'L,
nolibly rciLlu' I n^cul blactb i rcU, ycl low- he adcul blactbircU ami ivrcit Sii/ptts frtTfPjj] i\ a\Itp[e Co r miCikraK
Bill] IS used 1 n coitil mcl lo n ii£ I he I r hubv SccdsoCS uti'li'i areealcnby a VBnely nf birds Wilcrfou'l
m B II B^cis ofleu allempl In Lihccaselhe pcuporlianof S. aciiUis rcli4ive lo Tyfim kHrJiiUu is anieajisDr
impravinghabLliI <Hb1I and Hiusen 1997)

Succesion

S<:\TS<ii<i ^JiJjJd^s occupies SDmr of ihc ivellesl sHeson Ihe Landscipc and lolerBlc prolo ngrd flot>dlng brUcF
rhan mosl npaninccimmunHie'. Tbie-ii: highly saluralcd condillorei , coupled ivilbi bh cHicmcly de rise ^lo* Ih
fitnii. alLoA Ihis spec ll-s lo L'oLoni ^L' SI les il m early suLcesslonal sla^e Bnd maLnliindoiiiiiiBnce on uixlis-
lurbedilles as IhecllmBX vegelallon Houcver, Sn'^prf] irtTfPjj] Ls rcgulBily accompanied by olhcr biydni-
phyles such »s 5Jii" j< i^Frjjj/n nirfj irf fit ind Tyiilm liiii]«liii The reasons for I he disLribulLon of Ibicsi' spec leii is
difficull lo discern bul mi nor changes in u'alcr chemiilry or nuLricnl avaiLibilily miy £avor IhceipBnsionor
one species o ■ e r inolhcr. Seasonal c h malic chin^es m»y also play b loLe Indelcrmining ivhich species maj
dominale isile al a parliculirpoinl m lime IHbII amil Hansen 19? 7 J. Cole ( 1 99^) disc us^ies lenlilive succen-
sional relilionshi ps of her .Strr^Jdis ;d£f FJdFi lypes

Managonait

Wei condillons and lachoE pHlalabIc Conge llmll li^esloch use of Ihis lypc. Hou^vcr, if up I amil forage
becomes iiparse ind soil condi lions d ry, llveslock may make tEiCoi Sc'iiiti nciiltn Soils are we I ihiDughoul
the giuu'ing season amil is e aslly d amagenl fium Iramplmg by ll>eslock ind u'lldllfe. Trampling cin aLso
damage vegelalion. This com munlly i^ill burn incilher lalefailor eiily spnnpif Ihe ivaler levels have
dioppedsufTiclcnIly {HwnieaelaS . 1995).

Consavdion Rank

G5/S5

ElonoitCode

CEGHXH»49

EDITION / AUTHOR

199S-0l-05;H.Hoseley

85

SoftEtem bulrush TemperaleHerbsceousVeg^alion

■ SCIRPUSTABERNAEMONTANI Temperate H erbaceoisVegetBti en

Cla^ficdiofl Cofimoits

Sii/f^its labtniiit'rtofiliiii is EyEKinj mou'i v^iiivSciipin vatrdns l^ioJIiklcm bulnth^ Bcionljng la KarlSiZ

Siirila Comrnuniti^s

Sii'i"!! Ii'bii' iiaciio'Uam is synonym pll^ *II h 5c' rfjJT vnSidii^. HBitcnfJu/ . (1995^ Hill bdJ Hansen
{\.9'>1]. anil hillclL'PuJ . (]?9S) hav? iSci'pm iiciilttih^'tiiMy lyp? in Iheir 1 1 hsm Fic alioit. Ihil jncluilr'v all
comb I nalioiL^ of 5^ j/f rri actilm tndS. \iibentiifiii«iiii'i' due \o ^\m.Ati\\\t^ In cn^ i mnmcnlil camil] lian^ and
mana^cmcnl ciinccna. Si/ fs/m 'ubenriicint'tt'iiii/ a licalcd asiscparBlc assiicialinn inlhc Wcslcm Regional
Vrgcl Bl lo n Cl asiviric Bl lu n (Hour^cron amil Engclbin^ iy94| O Iher communi llcv v^ Hh Ihis spec ics grou' i n^ »■>
a domininHj r dxlomi n Bnl have been dcscnbcd Sr/rrmi \iibfntiifti\«iiiiiii\ - T'lihir inSiJoim |e.g KomBituvB
1 9 S6), 5cT/;ujs \iibeTniifti\«iiiii'i' - T'l'lmsip - {Spit' £iiii'i"i '?^p.. Jinn rts sip | |liniglBnd I ^7 J. from
N ebrask B S j^jTf] ih-it'iu — Scrriiiii 'ubemtictiMinSn/ir 3 amLlhll Is A I b al ine Herb B^.e^J us Ve^el alian fiu m Nc-
hraita arul. N ebrask b St* 'j'jjijjtjjrjji — St/jjjjs Juftf/r/uejFJ'iJJu^Er SBiidhill' ncrbaicaiii Vcgclalion and (torn
Ihccaslcrn U S IhnSci/i^tti ['ithcHiirefPofirm, I'tiil'is) EislcmHcrbBcciius Vegelalion lite Scq'iis
tabenfucint'ti'iiii/ lype descnbed ticre encDrnp BSb«i em ugh ^u mposi lianal arhl si ruclunl vanilion la Jiieludc
a liigc porllDn of Ihcsc olheT lypes.

Roige

Communi lleiv of St jVj'Jj T lirh'^H'aefPi'f'Titni apparenlly cUcncT fiom eo b^I IocobsI, Ihough ihey barcfy dip inro
IhcsDulhcaslin Virginia amil MBiylind, Ihcrc arcuf loirnkC laeaLized vanilion'v Ih b I Bre depcihlcn I on Itic
ClorisliesoC b given region.

EiMronmoitd D escription

The i't r f j'jJT litlit:n'iit''Pt'ti'iiii/ aisociallon i^ lypie»lly found al low lo mid elev»lions BcroivsMonlana. bul
ma re frequcnlly in Ihe eiivlern piil dC I he ivlale. 1 1 isfaund in marches, pond and lake mirgins, oxboA likes,
and btckivBler area'iol riveis indslreims Soils ireeammonly MdIIi'^dIs |\quLills|, Enllnok ^\qiicnK), or
somelimes Hi^IdsdI'v, and soil reielion ranges from neulral la moderately ilkiline ipH 7 Id G 0). This
communlly aBnoc;(urlnslandlng wileru[i lo 1-2 melenvdeep and il i^ usually e I aivsi lied iiv seml-perma-
ncnlly flooded as Ihe Ailer levels can dii>[i belou' I he hoi I surface by Ihe end of Itie ^ioa Ing $e ano n. This
communilyaiaupies Ihe same posilianin Ihe lambiCBpe »■> Tyf^hn sp.. *llhopcn iv b ler or aqu b In. communi-
ties occupying u'ellerspnls BndSfrfmp .C^rtt sp , or f /Eof oni tjnjJitJ^Eirfvirf aomniunil ics occ upying
nearby drier slles {Htib^nelul 1 9 511, H anscn sf n^. I995|.

Raige D oaiption

This plinl associilion usually Conrts dense munoc ul lures Itial c an occupy large ire is Slems ire usually 1-7

melePvlall. Tbie Hooded condilion in w bin. bi I his species o Ficn grn*s precludes Ihe eslablKhmenl of olher
graminoids and Eorbs. lEprescnl species like Co'ii'iiiiiipaliulie an^ I't'li riihu/r <"Pj?hihiiiiii arcoflen
widely scallered. iPsecnK require bare, moKl soils for germ i naliun ho Ihlivspecleiv can rapidly colonize
nc^ly exposed mudflals and draii'doivn ircis iHaosenfJo^. I9S5, Ef irtsen f / jj^ I99i].

86

Succ

on

This Epcr Ifs c an coin m^LC ni'i-iy txjxm^d mLidllDlE ^nd Jm^da^ hitt ns, h nd cc minunLlie^ IcihJlii be pcisn-
Icnl inhf h^'dmlQgic rr^imc isslahlr

Moiagonoit

SariElL^m bulncih his Ici hi' Id inihJ? ca Ic pil bI abj I lI) Id 1 i ^ f alnch, anil br i: au^f rDmmuni U cs are usuilly HdinIhL.
Dccc^s fo r I LvcMock j^ inuil1> difficull W hen 'vLand; dry dow n , h ^ r $lc>c h nLiy bicii i ly ulLljfc Lhcsr ca m muni-
llcb if u[i I aoLl foEagc IB apii^c 5 Einds of >>□ Fl ivErm bulrush can bul fizr v^ ik e icI id n on I d ki^ and ponds
iUaiacn i-i III. llflSl.

CnruovdiDn Rank

G4/S3

Elonoit Code

CEGLOOSZS

EDITION / AUTHOR

BvDa6\ed C attal H erbaceouEVegetilan

■ TYPHA LATI FOLIA H ai>aceou5 Vtgddion

Simildi Communities

Same Hulhtin place T'l'hu luSiJiriiu and
FijjIpit uii^us'ifoln/ iD^lhcr ^^ilhjn Ihe
name hablEil 1>pc fc r m auigcmenL purposes
[eg. HBsata tl ui I'^'^Sj.

Raige

Tbis ca [nm unity dccu[\ in M d nnna, CciId-
rado. Neiv M ir^icD, Wyoniiiif , Idihn . and
Nebraska.

EnwrDfunoitd Description

This com m uiiLl> isCoiind a Id ng slicana,

n\[!ni. iinJlhc b a nts Df i^nils The^oil rs

SDliualed □ c nocidcd fai muc h ml rbf ycai IriBuiU^ lus a hkgb Diganic CDDlrnL

-lUrU ■■ Xu (rUluLU

Raige Douiption

This community js daminalcd by hyd rophyl ic m ac njphylcs. cipcci a1 ly Ti ^f^c /uJf/iJju. i* hich ^lu.^ to ap-
piDiimaCcly 2 mcLcra. T lit'ifol'ii c; an form dc nsc M a nds ] n pliccs. almoM lo Ihc c\cliih lo n o£ ol her spec ics.
OEhcc&jiccLeslypieal of uellands ace fDund in lcs.^er ain^i uuls i n Ihi^ l:<i mm unLl>. Aiudi^ Ihe&c an: Cun:s
ap. inL SETFjfjJi ssp.

B7

WildlifeVdus

Tyi'hii lafjol'ii k, bh [mporlanl mj uirc of sh Bdc , hidi n^ caver. »nd fihjd for ivi Id life WBlcrfo*! itc Ihislypc
CcriHslLn^ Bnd hidjn^cu^er pcovldrd Ihc'lBixti ire lul loo dcosr. Ttiiii lypc L^ i crilic; aL source of ncM i ng
cover Bnd nxBili ng cover for ycl lou'- hiz Bded ami rrd-u'lnged bl ickbiids {Utieicn €l ul. I ^5 J.

Tys'hii h'l'jnl'i' \\ b piDkricsecd producer and cnlonizcv e fLpi>sed imncraL sufcl rB les icHlLly. Cnmmuni Lies Bre

si ab Ic wbien "■ aler re^i me-i remain iBirly high, Bllbiougbi ihe iviiecLcscBn lolerile pcrimb o£ drau^hl iHirccii
ei^l L9att,HBriirneJ,^^. 1995)

Maiagonoil:

Sr-mt <.aaii\itv T'l'ha liifiJnSia la br loo BfgiES.<i>e Cor ite In a el I and icslorBlion proje^Lk iMibich ind
Gns^clink L99.1| bcc b use of iliv abilny iDformden'.c monoc uLlures.

A djacoit C omnntics

Cnrffissp. and Stj jjd^i isp. CO m m unHic CO m monly occ ur ne arby.

Consov^ on R aik

G5S5

Elonoit Code

CEGLOIISilU

EDITION/ AUTHOR

95-10-1 9 ;j.F Dntc

Appendix C

Site descriptions

Abhctl^Fl^Wdlaid W

CaiJ CreekCnmplEX 92

CoiJ Crei-N Dith Park FlDodplan 94

CyclDneLikeWalaid 96

H^Cred:Fai 98

H^Crwk-HorlhFDrkFloodplan 100

MiidLieCDmple. 102

P«lMeada*LJ:e 105

SchnEUECimWdlaid 107

TtpEtLie Cample. 109

89

■ Abbotts Fids W^l^d

LofidlDn

AbbolEsPlDL Is lacHErdJublu'DilDrGlKicr
NilionBl Fnrk, ^L'vcraL m i Lcs souCh of
CnnuJn, i n in n lii^eM M*inlniiJ Fmni Trail
Crcf k ULiTlh uf C Dlumb 1 3 FaLlik Dn Si B If
Rouliz 48&, piacccii nanhcili' on SLilr
Roulf 4^& Tori mjlelo d juik litn i« i Ih in
imniinai iDid TTHvrl I 5 mili^'k nrrclbicaM-
ciLy on ihc unnamed lend lo a I rail Abbol
FIdIti i?iD 5 miles Lolhf nonhi^eiEfolloii-
InglhcrcDl Frail. L H ndi>A ncc [le cm iTffui n is
required brion! i!nlf nn^ pn^ ili!

piDpCEl}

Richnes

.. J^.r|;.;,,L[

This v^ i!l I and sj Ic IS IdcdEciI ilon^lhe np an an flondpl ai n ind le rrHre^ above ihe fJoilh Fa rk Fl il hiz nd RiVec.
Thesilr hi^^i^vfrHl Ft'i'iihn imlsamijera si^ji 'nch'/Lit/i'ii |blDL:k ccii ai nuand t commum lies in dllTeicn[
Blades dC succea&lon and in mu^blv equil pmpojIiDiti ThL-se ace llie i! d rl ler ^uccl^seiu nil Pi'i'i/liii
buliiifnijent -up 'fichotit'f/a I rccenl aLluviil bir fblach JzallonAood / cecenL ill u^ ill bar) and Ihe I alec
Bucce^sio n a I plani issocialions Fojii'li's bisimmlje'ii ssp. fn-shoco'iia / Cornui leiic/nt (black c;ol lo miood
' red-mie r dagivDodj . tni Fai'iiU's biiSitimifeni sikp lyichin-iitii I bie rb aL:eoii5 ^blicl l:d1 Ir nu'Dod I hciba-
€eoiti\. HfiSyiinri'P mStilii'itiLV's (jcLloi* isi* eclveCc h] oc^un m coClDnjiaod ilanti .^llh open undei-
fCDU'lbi ve^elalion, and ihrn: -i^rjc numfiau^ ispobi v^biece Hctlyiunitn s\iSphii'escr:f's had appaicnily bri:n
dof by bfiis nigliec Iruac^'k iba^f rhe HiKidplain ace domi n a led by a rtceu niielrnitnipi I Ctinuis sencea
(Ecif cl m a nn spjucc ' led-oivi rr dLigivuixl J izommunilv W\hi>u^ Sy'ii/hKUi.-nsinii olbi's (ccmimon snr* berry)
is Ihiz dominanL 'kbinib I n Ibie undcrgiDA Ih I ay e r, enouf h led-Ckier dof v^aod remains as an i ndiL a Id r spmes la
IfDdilb namelo ihe i:Dmmunil y ijpc Thi^ 1errBL:e is vri^ diaughrv or bei:oming ^a iniJlhi!communlly isbsil
chacaclfTijfd an an up I anil cc m m unily li n an o lif nver le crace Ttiia ca mm unlly did nol fil «ell inLoiny oflhr
comma n Manlanuplanlcommunlly c I ansi I k ulions. O n a yel highei and □ Ider Iriricir , in .-L rJE-irjiuu
miSeniulii / Fesli'tt' cis'PiifVis Ibiji sa^e bnish I nju^h Fisicuej lommunily cccun. This is an unitiiiil
communlly Car Ihe ^Joilh Fa di, « bictm immanl) dominiLeiJ by F'laii •uniiiintt ^lodgr pa le |iuie} fojc^l a I
loi^ f r riev lUom

K^ EiMronmoitd Fadrns

ThissyMi^m is cleacly dnvcn by flLrVlDl piDc rUKKL We KpecuFile 1 h a1 » me ir^ clil dou' nc UlElnf li iK oCr UTird
irsulllnfiinclnerlerticcsandlhBlcommunilJcompo'iiHoJic.HhJFlllifila ceflecl iheillcrcd motiluEe regtmc.

Raity

No planLoc animal species oE spec ill concem a nr observed ObscrveiTi were eonlidcnL. houcver. ihal bear
diffing£ lor Hfihiu'itfn si'lji'iesci^is (yelliihj' ^iveclvclEbl ihal dniled Ihe Fufitrlrii biilsG""]i-sa ^p
liichiKf'ii!' (black collonv^ood l-domi n aled dry lerrace itere ciited by Utst's itfcioi (gniily beirh The
A'ietiwilii V/tSci'lc'H/ / FirH/'tit ^-afnfei'fn |bi^ siyebrusbi / lougbi FeMTue) ca m m unlly Lsquile uncommon,
Especially in a npinan selling The Faiiiihis baliomljeso 5Ep. Snc-lincitri'it / Cpritii Ji'ntt^ and Ficea

OT

e/isi'l/r/n/i'fi' / Co'mtJ le'/ceti c;o mniunHlc'v arc law-h marc common Ihan prcvLouily rceo^nlzcd. A porlion
of ihc ficr^ er'xel/rn/f'ttii / Ciintui ieuttii lommunlly occurred on in upper Icrcacc End cxhibilcd b non-
modal compo'll ion ■'■ilh Si'ipiuyti'iiim albm dDminanl, ho*cvcrsufficicnl Ciinriii ie'ictm u'hs piriicnl
lo c^iiiaily [hc^land la IhLk pLiul asv^cialiDn.

CondTtlDn

AfCui very iiCJllcrcd Ircc liliimp:^ ivcrc obscrycd, Ihc rebuilt d£ pasl limber har%'c^l hi^h ^rfldiiig Tbic
pjTscncc. and msomc plBccdjminancc. of Ihc cxolic paslurc grasses /'^JtJjJFJ jj/urtr/iF (common limolhy|,
Bniiiiiii 'lifnmi livmoolh bromc), Foa piuiettsn iXcnIucky bluc^ris.^) and \fT'<sl'j Jlolo'tijeru |rcdlDp| t!.
u'cLI ail Ihc weedy hcrli'i Tnjal/u/rt 'tfef's {red clover), Ij'iit-att'ltctnutn vi'lgtrre loicyc-diLivyJ ind
Medicagu liiprtlr/ia {b[ick medic) cnLDuragc 'ipcculallon aboul pasl grarlugol domestic slock

Sltn>hiii{ f/iiui tii/iloi'u riodgepolc pinc| on Ihc biighe^l lemce |effecl]^ely an upland ivilc^ have been
Jogged, and Ihe resullinf ovcrblDcked J'jffjji i [Tjr''^ Ar stand haik been ttkinned. rJa other liitd Lkteswcic
doc iimenlcd.

I ifbimdfon N eeds

Do^.ulncrl(lng the file's grB/ing hislory would help cxpia\a ihc dcieir S<ini'hoiica/pt's itlhiii {common
&nou' berry) undcig to w Ih u'lttu n portions of Ihe J'jcnr-dominile^r I Hodbc ape Use bs a big game Alnler range
i& abio queslioned.

Maiagonoit tl eols

No needs arc idenliljcd il Ihiiv lime, ttioiigh one could u'lsh Eor ihe control orpopulallitmofafgrrsElvc
enolics. Ttiankfully none o I Iho^e presenl irecurrciilly tlcemed noxious.

Elanait Ocairoic^litfotm^on

PLihJT 4:.^((i.miD" .' CoiiiiuMrv Tver EO R-ii- S fiHi G Rihi

.ifem/ ^'!' "ule/iH/H/ / FeiUn it cavj/eit' is
Sbimb Herb aceo us Vegel ation

f/Lcti ef'K<dii!"'mi / Cn'tiis ieufeu WotxHand

FtL-eu et'xelmi'i'mi ' Guliiim i'fjlunim Foresl

foiiilm hniiavjcra s^p fiichnci"!!!' I .W\u.\ii\ bar

PajwSiis buha'P'jera a-p Fnt'jocprjj.i / Comus sencea Fo re^l

I'dj?iiSiis huhavjera a-p Fnf'jonr^j'fr ' Herb aceo us Woodlind

Saltxengua Teinporarily Flooded 5 tirubland

* imV. not assigned

■ S3

G3

■ S3

G3

■ S4

G4

■ ■

■

A S3?

G3?

- ■

■

C S5

G5

91

Coal Credc Complex

LofidlDn

CdhI CrrfkCompLiTX b- liKiled u'cslar
GlDCLcrNDlLoiLDlPjck inmrlhu'cM
ManLJUD Frum B jf C rrr k C am p^m uiuJ
on S I H Ic Hd uIc 4E6 noiOi ofCa I irni bi d
Fills, lriki!l noclbi For ipp rcMmilf Jy 0.5
mLlfsl[iFarL:&l RDU[r JI7 Ce^hIiiiiii!
DGnhcriyan ForQl Rauli: JL7 fcir7 4
milci CoDlCicfhCDinpIci f\li!iHti
fconi I his pa I nl sduLhciiM? rJy.

Hi dines

This s] Lc Qicuni in Ehc flDDcLplBiii il Itie

CDnTluf ni:L! of CddI iihl Detd Hqqc

Creeks m Ihc wnjIcCish Ringc. Il is scomplci mosiii: of illfff rriiE coniiniinilie^. bul is ds mj n i led by isizne-i
ol be I ■ cr dams and npinin FrtrtJ tiige!ii\iiiii'\i (Engclmnnnspmcr) foresl. Tliiz bciv cr coni[i Ic* is ii niJlnx
oEopf n ivBlcc iihJ JmjJj < linimmn'tiiiii'ia / Ctinpi uSnciih/lit (D cuniinitihJ i^illov^ ' bcakfd srdge > Dnd Curex
iituciiloiu Ibcilcil ^nl^? J communi lirs, i« I Ih numfiDus biz d^ i! r IriiK and ficshly ( ul ^Keei bs Ti«o (ti mja unl-
l\e^ dDmlnile Ihe Icrcn^c bizlwern ihc Tuo crre^ rJe ii? c Co \\\e crrebt a i ^/j.i tSniinrnpntS/iiiia I
Cohimtx^'osMs citrKKlfri/i (D rum moniJ "■ i Lli>* ' blurjoml rccd^rnssl co m m unily nnd al naEigbilEv higher
pci^lljou IS H Cii!<iin<inii'i"s L-ii/iittifiisis i blm^iDinl rced^rs^ comiiiEi nj ly . iv hii: h ippran Id bi^ Jiy i ng d uI |lhr
dn mj n H nl ^rs^h (lid n' I Flau'ccJ This I illiz r ca m m unlly \s alsoheikily biDivscd The ai]| iccnl ci[i d ci an fa re&l is
In ^od condi lion and t. composnl of h Ficeu enffSfPunn/i / Conmi icic-eis (Bn^izl m ann spruce / icd-€HJcr
d^givoDdl cramnLLrni ly , Ihu CDmmunj l> eirenclE bh b linear Cealure up ind dn u itil n^ a m. Smill pac ke Is uf Lhis
commuully lypc ace also Eound ivlEhin Ihe be avrr (ampler, lire Si'l\i "ifSisni'ifsis Isindbacu'illDii t commu-
niEy Dccuis on ^nv el bars along Coal Ciceh This «>niniLinj ly ls fcequenlly diflurbed by floods and has
niimenjiEi exoLles in Ihe undcislaj^ The enzek has loinLcd scv ecal nev^ f rB\el biis Uuou^h Ihi^ i?a[:lm'bjcb
conlaiD a ^Eib^lanEliI ijmkinlDfeaBisc^oody debris Levels of bank ccosion appear normal.

K^ EiMronmBitd Fadurs

The aclnily oE Cu^lt/i L-/i/ni<it\i.iis Ibeiver) is pci manly iv^ponsibEe Eor^neralin^lhe ivellanileDmpEeiaQ
Dead HoiseCiEeh In oonlcusl , Ihe npanan EoirsLonCoal Cirek has esLablLshed on neu'ly dejtosile^i allu-
vium IB ibe cicek moves JciosBlbe valley floor, selling inlo molion '^nc^ze&sio n al pmeesBfs.

Roity

Cdal Cjrek ilselfis animpoElan! and ii:1ivel}' moniloredspaiynlng^lream fot Sitlvi'linits cuuJiuenSui (bull
Uouij Though no species of special (oneem ire pce^eni Ihcic are Eoiirgood lo e^eellenL cep reseniilia nB nf
planl ashoc; iiiions. including Siilix /t'l'minoMtJiiitm / CuSutiMignnlr^ cinitidors'i , Sfit' driinifnifntSiii'ia I
Carej ti'iicntuHi. Spin dntfn/rto"Jiiiiici Shruhland. and Pitvn fiigelifinwii / Conriu iPitieO-

Conditinn

Wilhinlhe well and pniperno land usesi^en^ no led. InsomeoElheili^liirbanec-genenledcommonilieB, &iEh
islhose occupied by Eloodpliln willov^s. a number of caoIics were obseR' ed, i ncl uding TtininiLiun fj^aiiiili:

n

(dindc[ian].l'/uf'r:l!ti vrff juts (Hclfhcil) and l.ett<.att'licti\nin vi'lgaie |Dicyc daisyj.

U plaids

A lorcsl fdhI, a posivibLc sculi mc nl mj uitc ruri'i along Ihc nnrlhcm edge of ihc npacLinforrsI Upilirimor
ibr dDiLgnilol SLie, liinbei wilbii] Ihe npacLan comdor haik been han'^i led.

Infoflindion H«hIs

The meaning of B Fl a^ged ^lakc foumil in CloodpLim labeled "conlrol poinl .'522" needs lo be explored.

Moiaganoit N«sls

Sbiould h arv L'sl of Ihe npanin eouidj r □<.( ur il a mini mum Ihc 'iliEimsidc minigcmcnl zone amil managc-
menl Dpluinii aiiAh. tiled i^ilbi Ihe zone iihouJd be obserFed.

Elanait OcoiroKi^lidiHm^on

PLihJT 4:.^((i.miD" .' CoiiBUMrv Tver EO FI-mp. G Rihi G Rihi

CiiSitmiifT'nl'nii'K'iieiisii'^'c^Kin Herb bccous Vcgclil ion

Citrex iiUfciiliili' Herbal eoLLi Vcgclallon

Ep'k'h\'i"t tal'jiiliiim (red *lllou'-herb|/reccnl illuvial b»r

PiLtii e"K<d"t!"'mi / Ci?"iiiJ ieuceu Wocdland

Satix dtiim /rtofriiium/ ' Culutnu/, niil/i < anaden <ns S hmbland

Sittixiifttv/rtof'iiiiiiia/Cit'exii'//'Lu!tim Shiubland

Saiix dui'P'io'uiiiiin Slinrbland [Pnivi&lDnaLI

yifHiVi^L Sorer'. EiriirHi'.

St'lveluu's t;'"Jlt'e"ltti IbulLlroulf ■ S3 G3

' rank no I assigned

B

S4

G4g

A

S5

G5

H

■

■

A

S3

G3

A

SP

G3

A

S5

G3

B

S3

G3Q

93

■ Cod Cre^-Noith Fork Floot^lan

LDcdion

Co 1 1 C rccb-No n h Fort Floodp I ain i' loc; alcd u'c^l of Gl bc; icr N aliiinaL Park In narlbiv^ esl M on! bhi. Fro m H ig
C reck C amp^murnH an S laic Roulc 486 imrlbi of C olumbLa Fills, IravcL nojlh Cor ipp ro* LmHc ly H miLcslo m
unnBnicd roBii Plo^.c«l norlhcaslcrly on Ihe uiinarn«l ntad fur 4 miles. Coal C rcc k-rJorlh Fo rk Floixlplain
bv due south alon^ Ihr a Cklcm <ho re oflbicNorlh Poihof Ihe Plalbiead PiverbcLoA Ihc ii vci's confliKncc
ivjlh Co bL Creek. LamHoiv ner [icrm isivion ]■> required belore cnlenng privile iBnds.

ft i dines

Thisivile i\ a icFEes or ariuvLiI lemce'v in North Fork Fl bI he ad River valley bDllom. Floodi nf , channel

migrallon, and benl lo ad de[iosLl]oii have irivul led in a good re[ireseiilBlionDC early Id lile 'kUeees'viDnak
nparLan ^.ol^l^llnLlle-l. The yiiungeiil [larlof IhefloodpLaln is composed of nvcr b bis uiLlh Llllleor no vegeli-
llon Slightly older are bari have a dense eo> er of SuJja caf^ rru Isandbar aiIIov^I Thene barn also ha^Fe a high
coverage d£ exolie pisliire grasses. The willow communily 'viieeee* la Foj/niui 'i^jJiiTFirrJt^ir ssp
"'chiitii'iii' I Ciintiii sencei' {b I ac t col lo nuood / red-r>sie r nJo^u'oodl foresl Thiiv foicsl is Liige and *cll
developed, ivUhfcu' enolic iviieeics In Ihe abneme o F disliirb ance (isis Ihe ease al lhiisilc|,lhe collomvond
comrriuiilly succeeds lo a Ptcet' ettffltnutmii / C«n'iis sfucei' (Engel mann sprure / red-rtsle r dij^uoodl
comm unlly, Ahich is iIho lar^e ind i n giiod coruli lio n. Hoi^e^er, Ihere is some evidence of » [lasl gracing a I
Ihe SI le. A large mcidjw djminaled by Ihe exolic paslure grass Phlinim p'l'lfue {eomrnon llmolhyj occurs
In Ihe rriidd Ic of the ^'ctm €iif,flti\iiiiii'i Corcsl. There is alsrisignifieanl acre »gc d£ spruce Corcsl ivilh a large
corri[ioiienl ol Ihe pasi urc grasses ig,ni]"i i't'tnttijerti |rcdlD[il snd PhltiHt p'olfue in Ihe undergrou' Ih The
kdjice n1 uplind \s Fimn Lonloila llodgcpole pine) Core^l.

KorEnuironmoitd Fadors

Flooding. channel rriigralion ind bedloiddeposilk>nhi>e resulled In various ivubivlrale milenals. Ci7irHL»r
aimido's/i ibeaverjdarrirriingof aseiHonally flooded ivide c h a nnel hascrealenl i ivelland ivile ivhere succes-
fiion fiDrri3Jj/jA spp {*illow) Id Fiip'iliis huhirvji^ra lip infin'ca'pa (blick eollDnwoodf lo Ficea
enfeitnirtm/i (En^elmann 'vpmcej is me urn ng.

RoMy

There ucre no rirc species recoided from Ihiiv ivile but i large frcffli tttfelmatm'l / Ciiniiii se'icta |Engeb-
mann spjure / red osier dLifU'oodl community lu^ood loencellenlcoiidillDnu' as documented Pari of I his
communlly a- rriid-seral ■'■ith ab uikI ant /'^jfrfff fi hatiuiiiiJeTU ssp. Inclrociifiii. ami a smiller fraction is in
malure to old-gio^ Ih si a lui.

Cfficfticm

Curreully lishing huuliug and 1>oatliig ire possible adlvllieson thisslle Presence oCi number of eko tics 1^

cljcumslantial cvidein.e of p asl grarlng, populalionsprcsenl Include Ce/"itureit tniKni'iiu liipolted knap-
wecdl, Linnu'illie"!!'"! vttlRurt: |oi-eye daisyj, Fhlniiiii piuieme {common limothy) and Tti'itniiuim
oj^c/mile (dandelion)

The adj a^ent upland lore^il has been I hi nned, but theeffecis have not e>Llended i nlo thefloodplam.

94

Infoflmdion HchIs

Info nnB lion nccd^ ha.\c mlbecn renognucii al Ibii^ lime.

Maiagonoit Nesis

CdilIcoJuI Ibic vcr, a^^rCk^ilvc cxdIice/i»i la uik we e fk b p BraiiKMinL 1o mamlaining [he si Ec'a quality.

Elanait Ocoiroice Inform^on

Plvit All &< IH.TI& " .' C PI] u uriir v Tip r EQ Rhhi S Ruip. G H.h

FiLtm enfcIPMtnu'i I Cn/'irtJ len^va WoodLjnd

Fifeu fi£<^"iii'i"i' I HcrbBccoitv Wciodlind

foi'tthts huisii'iijem ssp. \'lLhiiLiiTj?ii I Ci/nriii senceu Fo'cil .\

Sal'x i^x'iiin Teiniio/nnlr FS'X'deii Shrnblanii

Sat'x ^eyenanii /Mnvic Gramlnjid ShcublBnd

' lank [LDl is^lgnrd

A

S3

G3

■

■

■

.\

S3?

G37

■

S5

G5

C

■

G2G3Q

95

CydoneLdke waidnd

LofidlDn

Cy[:lDnf Ltiic is loi: Died ] uhE acsEaT
Gl BC icr N 3 lioiLD L P jck inmrlhu'cM
HcinLJnn Frpm EigCicckCimp-
^[DuihJ Dn SLalf Roulf 41^6 noiOi of
ColumbiJ Falls, travel iLOJlhEoT
ip[irQxim3lrl> l}^ milrs li> FdifsI
Rouliz ^IT.Conlinui: norllicily en
ForrslRoulc 317fo[ 3 miLesiD
Foresi Rnulc'JDy Travel ubouC J
milCk ntinlieriy ph FouhI Rauli: 90't
b in um [up FDV ed r(i nd Go appiDii-
milely 0.3 [hiIct no n he Eslcjly on
■he iini[[i[i FDved rti nd Id Cyclone
Libf

njaiD IV Jk'iGlELI

Ri dines

Cy[:lDiif Likf is arlnciilly Cdimed like inlhi! WIiiLcrish Hdh^i! iml 4S Ti^d by sc\'e ral small sinz ditis. II is
dEDined by C vc la ne C rech The laic j< pninanly open v^ ilcr i« 1 1ti i En ngiz □ T inc ha red and ILoaLing m 1 1
dDniinBlcd by i Carex Sasrot-a'-pa (alcnder ^cdgc) tDmmunlly, u'hich ha.ii high coverage of Si'l'ii/,"tt'n
atibifc///niwi ipca\ moi^l \buriing aihJjusI bcloA Ihis eoniin unily is a uiJinu band uf an E^/rrj kTjj ri
jTnWdJfVi' (1* ilcr horscl ailH-omm umly Bcivcrailivily on one orihc inlrl crccti his helped lo rorm 3 St/It x
dnitn/rtofiliimo / Caliiinagfoilii cifiiiSfisls IDmmmond's u'llloi* / bluejojnl rccdgrass) com m unlly bcloiv
Ihf beavi^TdHm ind i Ctt'cx itlntnlaSti {beaked sed°e> L'i>mmuni I y ibcve Oic dain rt-seu fi'^el/rtci/rmi '
Equmliii" ufvi-"se |Eii^lminn spruce f fie Id hin lacni I J commnni lies occ uc In baiHti alirng lnugrDdienl inlcl
crreks ind on gently sloping ground adjacent Ici I he like a here ihey irrecaLcmal Id Ihe uplind. The u^iland^
nej[ Ihe like aie pnminly \bies lus'tictiriiii ' Ct'iiwi'ii wtjiora - A'nhii rtudrctiiil/i f^ubalpirtc Tir >
qnee neup be Ddl I Iv [ilanl a^kf ei almn, iv i Id s nisap duI I a [ihaiej Eoirsl , mosllv in o Id gio'A Ih condj Ud n

K^ Emiiromnaitd Fadns

A perenni jl, irtEIci h^ inf Mivim keefis Ihe ^alrrle\el^ujlbjn Ibj^^licially-fDcmediake relali^elyslable. Lridin^
iDlhede^rlopmenLDfi iloalin^ maL. i^hieh along u'llh Ihe adjacent bink-isconlinuallysaluraled. \clliily oE
Cos'iir tiifniSc'sij | bearer) il 9>mc Lime in ihe po^l fof jnlcniivc, crciiing i persisting miish selling ind
wilJo^ bnllamsDn iheinlel creek The lale v^alrriscurnmrtculral (pfi =6.3> and has a lov^ ciLineenlraUanor
dlitKiJ^ ed soJ ules {condirUvkEy =50 uS/[:]n).

Raity

A piKof Cmio unnie' {common loonfi) nei^lonlbe like. The floilin^ mil andiilnnledsiles around Ihe
shoreline are breeding babilal foe Ri/nu iirei'om {Epolled frof}, Bu)o htt'epi fv^eslem loidj tni .K'tbysUtma
iDOCFfidacWtiiii {lonf-lDed^ilamander>, ilLof A'hieh ^erc o bierved in Au^ieI I9'>4.

CondidDn

SlumiGmoldenng jnliiduEEindiealelongpasI ha rv eslin^ i^ j Ibi n llie /'jmr [■JE^r'^/rrcj/Ef rir-dnm i naled eo mm nni-
Eleb. Anf leis and boilers ha^e Iriiled icrosslhe Elo alin^ m il'i u' idesi [loHion, denud i ng IE inpaEchcs The

96

only nokLDLis weed. Ciririim a/ \^iisrr (C antiit Ih\^l\ct.-W3^ founil in&jJJAspp |u' i LIda ) M b nils sloug InbulBi-
ics I mined I alcl J upsLrcamof ihc Lite.

U plaids

CoiLspiL'UDLLi uhcol Ibic 'vurfDuiid] ng uplands h3^ been con rinnl lo paM ht^h gtetiMi^ of ihc Ficea-Abtes
Iniioi.iifS'ii oid-gto<fIhfoic^i. Ibiis acli^il} miy biavr h«l iilclclcnoLL^ cCCe^ Is on u' aler qu hI L|y.

Infoflmdion H«h1s

Nanf wcie idcnliCicJil IhclimcDrsirc vi^llalion

Maiaganoit Npfds

Thf mad Iridiuglo Ibic 1 ak? cdiucs out u' h?i? IhcfloBlinf mal i^i moiil ci Icil^i^ cl> df^fJopizd; icIocaLluglhf
lEBiT lu far I III Bl? pul-lii aiml iBkr-Dulu'ould mllif bIc v^clland i[ii[ia(ls

Elanait OcairaicelidiHm^Dn

Pl'hjt Abi4<i'iidii ' CoiiBuiirTr T'pr EO Hh.pi" 5 Rihi G Rihj

Carex taj'ocnipn ricrliaicinii Vcgclallon

Citrex iiUfciiliili' Hcrbac CDiii Vcgclallon

Eirtiii€\um jhiviiiUlf Hcibaccoit Veg clallon

Fueu ef'Kiit'ti'i'mi / Eirtiii€<ii'P iiTvet'SfYore'-l

Satis dtiim "tn'riiiniii' ' Ciiiiimiif, niil/i < u'lt'iien sn S hmbland

fifMvi. Sre< [f 1 &f Jen 1 1

Gavia mine' fcDrnman Lcxin| ■ S2H 5ZN Ci5

' rank no I a^signoj

A

S4

G4

B

S5

G5

A

S4

G4

B

S2

G4

A

5F

G3

97

H ay Credt Fai

LofidlDn

HiyCrecL Fen tJuiC iei[orGf*clcr
NilionH] Pack In nonhv^ rsl K-l □ nl on h
Pmm \be ] irnrUd n n E S I dLir Rouli! 40
tni Stale Roiilr4S(i inCciluinbLiFdllB.
Irivcl nonhon Slnlr RouEr JS& Eot34
mLlfsliiFarL:^! RDU[f 376 Cc^uliniii!
no nliH'esli: riy a n FnicslRnulc 176
ip[irDil[iLH[fl>4 25 ml IcMo Fa rcsE
Roulr 1 6S5. Travel ip[iJDM[iiili!ly I mlLir
Ini nonhf riy JliccLdh DD FdjcsI RduIc
l6S5l[] FdisI Raulc l6iH.Fiain Ib\s
June [Ion. piDcccdN u'cMerJy on Forcsl
Rouli! IbSL rDrippcaxImilf Iv .13mllcb.
HiyCrrek FeniB LwarrdQ ]mll» SSE.

Ri dines

HiyC reck Fen is h iiddc Ti^n locHlalDn ddcDinD^ djvjdi! brmccn hay Cn^i^k diuJ SciuLh Fh ck RrJ Mridow
CrecL jh Ihc U hiLcfisli Hunfe GiDundiv DEcr cItbj n Bgi: fram Ihi: lor aTlhiz ii]|iciznl ^Lotie-i islhiz mosl likely
i« ilec >>□ uice , \he Trn hi.s asuifaee v^aleraullel IhaldcaiiLS inCD n ay C irrk. Tbirce ^ramlmid CDininuniLli^
fann 1 mcmHn: hj'ilhln the len. CultiJ''ii/,riii"i fii/nttit-n^is ( bl ui^joi nl in^d^ciiiisj nu humntneks Ihm u^hci ul ihf
ten. Cpv iurtom j m uil .sed^e J in su'dLi:^ jnd \a^ ijtb'i Ihiau^houl Ihc fen ind Ecpiise'istn Jli'vttiSt'L' ju'ilei
hoiseEiil] In saEL-bolla med dc[i re^h Id iL> J n Ihe fe n. A mund Ihe diflitie duIIizI cicek, there is b .'kmaLI /'jcm
cifflrntiimr/ / CatitfirofiiusSii tiinttdeiisii t'^n^\niian upcuLze ' blutj^inl reedf nivst ciliihhiuhi ly Their Ie
£Dine e vidf nl ^hii re I inc eio^iou, ludicili nf higher h' D lee in Ihr pisr A II of Ihe eoimn unilieMre i n food cd ndl-
llon The iucTDund I ng u pi I nd is ditmlniled b> /'rjprri luuJcrPir rlDdgc[io Ie pine) faceM

K^ EnH/i lonmaitd t^adors

ThccxbiCcmcDf Ibiilenisdepcndcnlupon^iuundv^jlcr Flo"' from surround i ng upl andh Ihc pcrenniilly
£1 lura led citnil I [iDnfi inil i:iL'ild-iir pa nding ^Uuc luce Ibie i:Dmniu[iily and lend Hi peal ace u m ul alia n Soil coTes
icveaird pea I depi Ks uf Ji la I m Tbe wilrc in I lie fen is niviimneulral {ph =6 5^ inil hi^ a Ilii« conrenlrD-
liDnol soJuleb fcojidiK Lik lly = 20 uSIttn].

Rally

Piii'ft I'felloiu (spol led TiDf J ivas no led 1 1 »> aler's edge a n Ihc EloalingmBl ind on s b liiraled si res arDund ihe
shDicllne, runmlly IbiiE is nnl k lis[cdspn:ie\ bul riu[iibe[\ bia^'e bcnn in Mee p dccL ne si ace llie eacjv I^SO's.
CnsE\ I'ttiiiifiriilu IpaorsedycJ wis I be unly rare I'linl, enun unle reel "Jlbm Ihc ccDlckne belwccn Ihcf^fjif-
'n'n ptniiiliSt ai\d Ficeit engelnianfui /Ci'li"rti'R'-oitis ciintn!ir"sn •.aiamunil\ts.Tbc C!"e\ I'mosis plinl
^flKiiUon CvCuncnLly ranked as riic {GJj.lhcanl}' CDmmuiii Ly pirsenl v^ ilh sik h ^IHiaL

Coniitian

Timber b irv esl v^ as CQmliicled long ago Tb isetL on <l ale of slump deeomixisi ban) InlheFri:?!] efgeimonnii I
Calnmnirci'ii cti"iiiii-"sis pc rlid ns of Ihc well and No b a ni evidence e meiIs For any fa rm of use e iincnlly^
bulhunllng likelyoccui^ m [he viciully No c\o lie spec les i^ ere o bscn ed.

9B

U plands

Though limber biarF c^lmg !■> nu Lon^c r be i n^ conduc led, cUciti^ c Ihinn] n^ hiiv in.i urrenl \a Ihc Fi/rtts
co"l<?'iii llod^epnlr [I I nej-doniinaled upliiHti.

InformdiDn Ni

K'l an 3 A'l anlis fbu laniM . P I alhcHl N allnnal FnicslJ should be CDnlacleiLl iDeoulinn Itie exLiklrnce of several
E|ie( ic^, I nc I udiug Kirl/rt/n iktip. /smill leaved Isuirll no I observeil d uiiug Itiecoune or i nveulor^', bul icpuled
loihcuc lDc;ally, IikiI bolamsl Toby ^[inbillc jColumbLa Filler uflensibly has 'vainp led Ihi&aile as [larlof tiia
peal I and vrgcliliancla'vS]|]c;allon (and ADuld be agDDd<i>Lin:eorbryDphyledali|.

M aiagonoil: N sds
Na m Buigemcnl neenk ace recognized al Itiib lime

Efonoit Occuroice I nfoimdion

PLihJT 4:.^( : 1.^1 ID" .' CDimu'irv Tver EO FI-hi S Rihi G Rihi

.\b'es liiiii?'.iifj?ii / ijiiSi'm ElittttSuloiw/ Foreil

Culutniifniil/i m/ii'iicniii '^' esatn herb Bc;eoiis Vcgclal ion

Citrex t'lioiii Herbaceous Vcgclilion

EirtiiitUim jSiiviiiU>f HcibaccoiCi Ve^ elallon

Ficeu ef'xi^IfPittm/i / Culuiiiigruil'i ti"'iiiSeiiiii Foiriil

V-iciFL'ti ■«ai HiHVH.^(ULin Pli^nt EirHrHr^ S lt.<ii- Q lt.<iiK

Carex ;<!i'i;<€Tfita Ipnorsedgc) ■ S3 G5

' ranh nol is^ignrd

■

S4

G4

A

S4

G4Q

A

S3

G3

A

S4

G4

B

S3

G4

99

H ay Credt-North Fork Floodpldn

LofidlDn

Mi> C rccL-Na n h Fo rk Flaoilpf jIh is
IcHilizd v^i^lof GlscicrNaLiDnjI PhtI: in
nci n liH'csl M P nl Hiin Fm m Pole hndpc
m nil ^r Calumb 1 3 FbJ bi (I n Sitic Rouliz
48&, pTccrci] iauLbi? cl} on S lalf Roulr
486 for 3 milrs Hnv CiKt-Ncinli Fork
F]ciimI[i I ain Ls ilui^ 4' c^l ol I hj^ pa inL ind
bi idjDccnL \a ih? Noilh FDriLofEhc
FlDlhcud Ri^izr

Hi dines

l^aiD IT Ji'iGtui

This liigc 'vil? IS iinHlrli ar cipdEidn
CDinmuiilly lypf£ LdLzalnl in Ihr Hood-
pLjIn Dflhf NorCh Fork FLilhni] Rl^rr.

An f Klf FLiLvc su I Ic of lipiriin roniinuniElc^. Tni m EccrnE h 1 1 itf i dL biis Eo np jnin ^[i mcr FnTrK&, i^iuifll
icprcsrnlcd The mijonlj dE the si Be ib iznmposed of iBlcsernL i'/tfu •-fgeltnitrnw /C'/mnsifficrii (Enprl-
minn spruce y led-Dsiec da^aod h i:a m munily hicaledun Ihcdjiesl lenur A friv cEiJ ^ h h nneb dDniiniled by
Alnu^ tncpfni limunlDindlderj run LhiDugbi Lhis (ominuiilly \] Lbio ii^^bi Ihcse c h Jnne Is iiic infccque n1 ly Elaodrd,
Ihfv mml likely li b ^ e ground'*' aler eiLninn: liQie lolhe hibih l' hinne I, iv hic h [nainliins i liifhu'alerlBbIc Id
Ihf lelive rlDiNlplain, Ihc mnM coiniiHi n cc m m uuily i^ Ihe r'lj'ulni biiS^ti'iife'a ssp lu\:htvwj?ii I ic^eal
all u^ III barlblBekcaLLDn^Qody recent bIIli^fIdI bir). Le^iv CDmimn. b u L bIso present il IhLisile arc Lbe later
succc^sio n 1 1 Fos'uSiii huSsp/rttfuro ijip. fiichvca'iia I CfiiiiJ lencea fbla^k catEanuood / rcd-osier
dcgiyomlj tnii Fn;Hihii balswmjf'ii ssp. Uiclmciiriiii I becbaecou'k |blirk coEkm^ocd ' hcibieeauB)
commuully tjpeiv ThclatFereDmmunit}. kceordin^ Lolhe nacTDi^ CDni:cp tion H Bnse n el al 1 199^), is invBTi-
abLy i frazl nE disel i mai . bo^^ ever, iheir »> as III tie CMde nee □ T call Ic i n this JzamnLunily. Tbcrc irc aLsoikanic
SaSi^Evjiiio JrDesic ^rinilmrLd li^andbir hj'llloiv Jroesic rrimirinidj eDmmuniFiesDD nzeeni gcai'd bora, ts
a el I 15 very youn^ grivcl b bis (dIp ni7«l by ^cilteEcd Ft'i'iihis bnlsG'i'Jr^sn ^p. 'nthf/cit'pa seedlings and
se atFerrd forlis a nd e rami noids. bo th native andciolic TlieTr »> is one sill-filled bcavccpond in Ihe aclive
[toad plain lb it tiosts an Eietichaiis pi'h'if'ts Icommon ivpi kennhl commuml j. There were ■«>nic sc i tiered
p aEches of Fhe e<iLil ic Bmf\"ts r^iFrniJi Isma^lh b rc^me ^ (i n su me lemees Nci evidence aCgnz/Jy bear dicing
Eor Hi'dMii'iii'i Ji'lplmreiLeti^ lyellowswcelvelebl «■ as o b.icE%'cd. Tbe uplands ncirlbissHe are ib m i naEcd
by F II" t J ci'ff II" Si' llodgcpolc pine J foresl. There is ample evidence fmrn Ehis sHe {e.g . nciv gri>el bir^,
cei ently scoured c ba nneK, a rtck de poikkled on ihe bisecrirrcb) ibaE Ihc llnvial [iiDcesaeE uaKiiled wiFh
this iype of n venue syklem are largely uklu:U

Kef EiTdironmait^ Factors

Pemnniil.^eiBdnal CldDding ind o tbe e El u\ i a I pnieesses are the pnmary dn ^ ei^ of p I anE CDmmiinil y compiKi-
lion ind iiKcessjon al ihis i^ilc.

Raity

ThcEe^eEe no rare pi mi □ rinini bI spec les rrcorded frcm Ihlsfiie but airmail adult pcpulaiianof thcoiKe
CDmtriDii, bill nQiv steeply dee I ini Elf apec les. Ejj/ir ^r^/ t^j (hJiesleEU iQidr wis eiLinTirmed Th^a very sizable
□ccunrnces aE G3 eommuniFies. F/tTti cii^i'tiiiii""" / Ci'/irti se'i-seu atid Fn;Hi!iii ba!s<t'i"jefit s^l^.
fiichvcasiia I C jencea, botb ingiKxl to excellent CDEidition.u'ere doeumenied.

Condrtion

O Ld, sc allcmJ ^liim[i'i IcsliCy lo piivl 1 1 mbcr tiarvf &I. Loi: al Ly drrei? [icj pul bI m fliv, fivtie^ tally in^icrBl 'blinds of
fosiilm bt/liiiini)ffm R^p. r"( ft.jc.?rjj.? , of granny- a'vSDCi b ml lncrci'vcr 'vpc^; ics {Bro^rtd^s "Ef/rnji |smoolJi
bnime]. E!y'/'g'a rtjjfus |quBck grasivl and T'ijol\i"P ipp |clovcr|| could be a rcuH nfpaM kvcMock itc
though currcn I evidence ind n; alcv v iJluilly nu live'vlin.k itc Melitol'is nihil {ivhllc sv^ clM clover] i'. luc;aLly
deitc u'llJiln ^/jA Fi?j(ff(r |sandb»r ivi I Luu'l M andii The only luo nonous iveedii prc^cnl, Ci/mtv t/rvcttie
iCinada IhI'vlLe) ind Lcucirti'ltcuMitM vttlxure |o>Leyc daL^y) , are ^c altered aboul Ibie a hole si le and have low
cover > lines

U ploidi

Thi^sLle i?i 'hell buffered wilh na i mmedi ale ofC-iillc icieik e> ideul.

Irrfoflindion H«h1s

The OLLkLence o 1 1 gearing allolmenr on ihe ^Harc-owrtctT jxrrTion of rhc !ii1c needi^lD bechctked

Maiaganoit Npfds

TDiniiulainlhegeiicrally ekcelleulcondiliDuof IIiKsilc ^iziug excLiElon bJnuld be m ai nia i ned. Trcallug Ihc
existing A eed po pul al lo iLiv shnuld also be coiLildercd

Elanait Ocoiroice InformdiDn

PlVIT A^^ D( IH.TID " .' C Db U UrHir V TiPr EO FLlll S Rh"- Ci Ri^H-

AIniii tncnf'ii Shcubland

Bruiiiii "lermii Dominance Type

Eieiichniis imhiiliij Herbiceous VegeUlion

F'L-ea tnfelmnni't / Conuu ieiicen WoodLirnl

FnpiitiiJ haliir/rt'ferti '•up inchccnriia / Ct/mui ii:/icLit Faresl

fosiiiiii biilsn't'Jr^'n iisp. I"thiiti"iiii I Reccnl Alluvial Bar

Salix ffiigim I fiaic Gsttminoitts Sbiublarul

B

S3

G?g

■

■

■

B

S5

G5

A

S3

G^

B

S3?

G3^

'A

■

■

B

S5

G5

fiiifvi Sr

r(ir^ bLmrni^

Bi^o h"reaj {ycvlcm load^ ■ S3S4 G4

'nnk nol is'lgrtcd

in I

■ Mud Lake Comf^ac

Locdron

Hud Lflkc Complex i^ Imalcil 1.5-25 milcv ^iiulh d£ llic C an idl b n bolder in IheNorlh Fort RIvcrVaLlcj.
^cccjv uclLind'i from North Fork load L imkiv^ ncr pciml'^ion i^ needed before acces.'iln^ pri> He ivclLindi.

Richness

Thl^ Lirgc complex of well Ends in I he NonhForkFLHheBii Ri>cr^Blleyi'vCom|HJ^ciJof aiynHedivcrilly of
ivcllarul lype^ ranging from Lirge willou' l)olli>m;i In o Id ivkj uglt o£ I he Noilh Fork lodivcric, bcavcr-
lnClLicrK;ed msishes and peal] b nds formed Bloug low-frBdieul meinderin^ ereehs I h bI flow lulo IhcNorlbi
Fort In CacI, beaver lelivily |e i Ibier e uuenl o r htlo ne | <fa^ noted in bII Ibic u'cII Biht visiled .\qualLe
comrriunil le^ oeeur in moM of Ibic pBlehe^of open u'alcr in ihi^ complex. Common aquiln. spe^.ie'l include
Ni'phiir^p. (yellou' «:3Xev\Ay).F«\iim«f,fUmtmiMii |biu ad-lcavenl punii^'Ccd'i. rt"itvt'xc't'ti avs'lrjiiliiii
Oa>EC- leaved pondiveed^, zai F'liuiiiiiffiii'i ttliiioeiuis ([ LIihols pondu'ced J. O pen w alcr is o£len ponded
bchiniLl beaver dims All of I he u'elLind'i have b iBr^e marTihcommunily ^omponcnl, whi^hii pmbably
icLaled lo rec urring be b> cr-i iited d iM uibanee. The i^ e LlesI m b rnh communi lies Bre ESi:a.hiini patrtsSm
{common 'ipikenth^ and Eirtintliim jliiviitUte (ivBlcr hoPielailj Ctirtrx ulnttthr'a Ibrated scdgcj communi-
lles aic Ihc mo^l comnton marnh lype, Bnd there is one Ctirrrx veiiciiui' llutliled nedfel communily OneoF
■he *ellarut'v is nearly dry bI pitsenl fperhipsdue lo Lictof beaver malnlemncc on Ihedams]. and Ihc
C!ii€\ ii\'itiil!'l!' communily is sparse ind 'iliinled amil being invanled by Mfiilliti ti'Vfiisn f Fie Id niinl| and
Po'en'iHn ttiinvE't-a (Norwegian ci nquefO 1 1) The marsheommiinilicsirc generally m gr>od eondi lio n. and
Iheic 1^ only one occuircnee of Ihe Invamve Fhi'k'iis t/ni/idifuteu freed eanarygris^f. Several shrub
communllies occur In Ihc u'ellind^, Ihc mosi common being IheSuJJA d'l'miK'iiil't'mi ' Cumi I'lnuih'ln
{Dmmmond' s ivi I low J beaked sedge) communi ly This com munlly occ uis is I a rgc lo sm a II slind:^ on an old
nver slo ugh, on m arglns of beaver ponds Hnd on be hv cr d h ms, Hnd along onlfloiv channels below beivcr
dams, ll was Foumil in areas u'llhsuifice u'alrror are is Ihal dried lo Ihc subsurfice during parls of Ihc year
Some of Ihcse 'linds ucre domlniled by moisl forb undersloiie^ ralher Ihan beaked sedge There u'a'iortc
sland of St/li' lifiim'iii'uliiiii!' ' CuJjj/iiuj< miJr t n/finScniii (Drummond s u'llloi^/blucjoinl reedgrassj and
one si and of 5i^'ri bc'lfir / CittavtiR/oiris tii'it'iiensn (Hoolh's u'llloiv I bluejoinl reenlgrisi) Bolh u'llLo*
communllies occuncd in drawdown lo nes sunc unding marsh vegelilion.

T*o shrub communi lies ucre reminded lo ircis ihal appear lo have ye ar-ro uihI s al uriled cond i lions
ivilh very Jilou' wilcrflDiy. implying poorly leraled soils These are Ihc Beli'k' Rh'tuSult'st/ / Ca/ei
atutiiliiiii (bog birch / bcikcd sedge J arul Siili\ rt/'riiiiin / Ca/c lirs/iKtiriH/ (hoary willou' / sle ndcr sedge}
communities. They occunn a bciver complex ini^hich Ihedims arc inlicl ind ponding u'alcrbul which
lick beaver iclrvily. .\s a consequcnc e, peal has begun lo accumulale inihe ponds, and Ihese communincs
ire eoloni ^ing Ihe point. Puir Citrex l!'ii<".iiTS<ii Islcnder sedge| communllies t>ceural ihc very edge of
Ihcsc po nds IS tloili ng ma Is. This peal dcvelopmenlLSDCcnrnngpn manly in p arls of Ihc u'ellind i n si a le
sec lion 1 6.

Three forcsled ucllindljpe^occuril ihlsslle allhough ihey irc small arul do not occupy much area.
Ficei' iit\f,flti\iiiiiiii / C«n'UJ sencei' (Engc I m ann spruce / redH>sie r djgi''ot>d| and Fn en ir/'X'^ifPittm/i /
Ei/ii/ielu/rt (T/ Ltusf {Engel m ann spiure y Field horselail^ occur is small pilches on Ihe margins of livooF Ihc
ivel lands The Ihlidcommunily has nol been p revioitly desc n bed forMonlina. 1 1 isdominaled by an
oyci\aiiy of Ft'pului Sn:/rtult!'di:i (Ircmbllng aspen) tnd by Rhirvrn^ uliiijiiiiir (alder-leaved bucklhorn)
undeigrowlh 1 1 occurs on fl al seasonally Flooded groumil idjacenl lo i marsh and sm al I c reek

102

K^ EiMronmoitd Factors

Dcpllc being CO m posed jf si>nic* h»l spall b1 I y d isj unci en li llcv, Ihr "■ hole * ell ami c;oinplex is 'vinu. lurcul by
ihe CDmbinallDn ^] ac; icr-e acved 4lc[i ce'ksiu iLik and [laM ind c; uirenl Ct'siiir '.ii'it'iiett^'i ibesver) acll>lly A I
leaul piJloCihe coremHe rs ble dl> eisi ly of a el I aiml I'vsncl b liu ns is due lu u'alcr level Cliu; luallon, legirdlesn of
Iheir 'riiuiue fbcaver i nduc cd or cyi Icik ingmundAiler leveller

Rarly

O ur lnvcnlo ry revealed only one riic p I ani spee lci, FfPoFircitP";] ifhlmrJiiHui fblunl-leB^cd pond^^ccd) ]l a
courincd lo Bquilic; beds i n deeper walcr beyond Ibie Citrex tasiaco'iiii islendcrscdgc| zone. Tbiis eomp lei is
alTioeonfinncd asoceupLcd lemlary far breeding populalloreioCihe foLloiyi ng species o F ivpee Lai earniern
Gava rjFJ/JiL'j Icommon loonj, li'susaFCIi}! (gn^zly bearV Canui iufi's Igray <fo\r), Mit/ Sci iicum/f"
tfishcli-tnd O'lirnrhyichm da'h lewni {*eslslopeeuHhraal izaui). Amb'slo'tii miiL'i?iiiit\'tiim f long- Coed
salBinBndcrl znd Rii'ia iiivlwsn IspDHed £rog| also in.e ur. These species Ibiougbi rel b Li veLy eommon. iic
experiencing si^niricBnl [lopnlBl ion declines

Condition

Oneoflhc pnme fe bI urCk of Ihc a el I and complek is lis near lolal I ach of disl urbinc e and hi^h decree of
mlaelncss Only ^o uno bl rusi ve d amiv were liin^ »go conslrucledin Ihe si ale seel lo n-ii lo Bceesiv a limber
"island" so Ihal ll could be har%'esled. Timber harveivl has also enciuaebied on bolhsideivof IheslreBmsidc
mBiiBgemenI /i>neon pri>»le pioperly. Al leaslonc former beiver pond hiiv dned ikiw n and is in Ihe process
of bei ng CDlani !ed by Ibieexnlie ^pc:\c^ Pitiiliins trwriilttuttii [iced (.aaar/gmiit. rn'err'rHii forvegica
(Noru'egi an ci nqucCo 1 1 1 , and C'rs'i"t cr^ Lt;is^ IC a n adi Ihislle).

U plaids

Piuman presence In Ihe form of summer and ircjrilian h1 homeju leiv. K increasing This aIII likely ro^ull in
more *ildli£edislurtiance and possible Fulure cancem.'i for * aler quallly On bolh privale and 'vlUe land,
ll rriber hirvesls do no I appear In Itie \fn-i Or have follDAed ~besl minigemcnl praclice'v Culling occurred up
Id creek banks and Ihe well a nd ed^e in many areas

I nfoflmdion N ads

Inform a Hon regaidirif land une soulh of Ihe slough nce^t lo be acquired la five acomplele piclnreof
polenlial Ibireals lo Ihe complex. Baseline i nformalion o n iv a ler quali ly K needed lo assess Ibie e£fec Is of
developmenl Lack of evidence fur grazing arul limber biarveivldireclly ml he uclland begs Ihe queslion
aboul Ihe saurce of p njpagules fo r I he /'^Jtjjrji ^j ^jJtrrTf llimolhy J and Tt/mrt/crtv iijjicr/iaiii Idandelion)
^'kLgmCicanl flood episodes'^! Is Ihe lake llself a glacial feBlure*^

Maiaganoit TJ efds

Slicamside Mana^emenl Zone recommend aHans need lo be adhered la in any fnlniE lodging wilhin Ihe area
Developmenl aiaund * ell ands 'vbiould be minimized Fopulalions a£ FJruJuf ts unjiii/r^Ef r< iir, IbiemosI aggres-
sive ol 1^ eenly species preseni In Ihe complex, need lo be monilored, ihe popnl aUanik of severai oiher cioUcs
could bemonilored in landem Allh Ihose aC T^ru^uns.

103

Elanait Occuraice Infojmdion

Piflur Ai.'.o [i-r hi H ^CoiiBLHiTr Tvpr ED Hii- S H'hi CRi^

BCtttit RlirtuSult'n/ / CuTsx iilnfihUn ShiubLand

Cnrex >iiii'<tiiq<ii Hizrbicizoit VcgclBlion

Caiex uficiiSuiu HiribaciuiCi Vcf clallon

Caiex veiicaun Herb aicDUi Vc^clalHui

Etend'Hfi pahtJlm Herb ac;r(j [lii Vc^clallon

Efitiijeli"i Jkiviil'ie Hcrbiccoit Vcgclalion

Fitiilii'fi it/ufdifnn-int V-'n'^Icm Hcrb»cizoitv VcgclBlian

Ficea fiRi^'iMim' ' Ciintui lencea Wondland

Ficen eiigeltniiii'i" I Etp/zielum urve/iic ForesI

P'ti iinitetti'i-Fhiciiin s'/aleme rxolk vcgclallon

Popi'lttJ UemiiS'HiSes / Pitiimii'i ulnijolia Domlmm-C Type

^^1 ffHilhu I Catavn^/oi'is mm/dettin Sbirublind

Siilii tii'idiiiii I Ciin:x tiis'ocn'pa PraviMoml Shiublaiul

Sulix diw/tniimS/ti'iit / Cti!tin/tigiiii"i ct/finScniii ShmbLind

Siili\ dnimmii'idiiiiii / Cnrei ii\"'.iiliiiii Shrubland

Sufti d'i"iiii«ii!htittii I Mcsic Forbiv ShiubLand

Stili\ dfti'P"tii"diiiii!' SbimbLind [Pid visional]

Suiiy g€'-eiiii'ia I Ca/ei iiWttiliiii' ShcublBiiil

E

S4

G4?

A,H

S4

G4

A,H

S5

G5

A

S5

G4Q

B

S5

G5

B

S4

G4

I^

S4

G5

B

S3

G3

B

SI

G4

1

H

IV

iv

ll

IV

B

SR

GKi4Q

I^

S3

G3

A

SP

G3

B,C

S5

G3

-

■

G4

A

S3

G3Q

B

S5

G5

I Hi

H.i4ULin jm iHiiiJiDUL-B riiii briirBTi

f ufjj/iiiij< eru^E njfijjjsjjo'^dds (b I unl-lcavcil pondu'ccdj ■ S2 G5

Ga\^a i'P'ier ti^omman loon, breeding pair) ' S2B, SZW G5

UtiitJ arclm lu'T'Hyitii (grizzly bear) ■ SIS2 G4T3

CiFrjj] ht;mi f^ r»y UTfffi ■ S L G4

M.drfn ;it/w,^FrPr <£isherj ■ S2 G5

OFhOFVriFrtfrjjsi/jjrir b-Hivien iWc^l'lopccullhraal Iroulf ■■ SI G4T3

■rank nol aiisigncd

104

Red M^ow Ldke

Loc^on

Rird Mizadoi^ Likr sLlf ii Iccilrd
^t^l of G Ltciiz r rj Hi la n 1 1 Pick in
nonhwisl MDnlnnH Ftunn UpfiiT
Whilf fiBb LakcCBnip^rDiind 25
mlJcs nonhaE * biiLcrcvh on Upper
WhilrfiBh Lnkc Rood, pnicccd
imrrhcrl V on Fuic^l Houliz L 1 5 for
5 mllci Id Red Mcjd^u' Lalic.

Thjs Liv J ikub il pined cquc b H^in

u'Llh Dlikejitil bclDV^ LbLcdnln-

ogc divide Lif Ihc WhileElfih

Rin^, i-oigc mirJics occur

above and bcloii Ihc iBkc. Sno^k-

mi!] L dmuin^ Tni m Lhc ^umiiindin^

slopes pniviJc^ HD Err flic Lli«i! arllands. which iir drilnrd bv RaJ^IcmIq^ Creek A Carci 'ilnmiliitii

(beiknl sciSgcr comm unily doini ildLc^ ihc mursbmi, pirlh of i.khich have asl^ulficanl Caret uijiiiiUi\i {ikilcr

Ecdgc) CDDipa neul. There arc dI^d Lu'd small iviIIda cq m m uhiI lea Thai air noldcscnbed in haitirncl al

(1?9?> One !■> dominjlcd bv Sulnj^isnuf IFjjt'^ iviEloi^l m \he up per i: i nijp> nnd C \iUi-.-iiliiio (beaked

HdfcJ In Lbie underf rou' ih u' ilh sc alErird rer'Tiii}hySli'iiiei JfofibtttitSt/ liibinibby ^. i nqurfoilV C aicx aqualihs

("■alcrsedgcf, Fitlet"i islji'tii'"! f alpine liniDlhy]. EtpiiieSiini va'-iffi'l""! (m negated bioPvCl»il). Wileff'is

occiiteiilniis |we^lejn valcniur. and.lirf/ Epp li'^rrrspeciest iImi iDrm^ufnlfirBnl comixi ne niB dC IIile

communiLv Therr Ci ilio i sm h I L ¥^ illou' CDmmunil} along Lbie i niello Red Meadoii l-tV-i:: Si'li ' sMcitit' il^

(SiLha ikillawj dDmlnile'r Ihc upper (inopy ind Cir^c-i I'lnntlit'it /be a ked sedge ) dn mi n ale^ Ihe under-

piiDrc I- Jvi Gill-lli

K^ EiFurironmoitd Factors

^ u lisu rraee gia undh lie r and s urf iiL'e « Her rid hi' ] nio rEiLs^ubalplnreathmenl air The defining hvdnilDgic al
p DTiinelenk fire Ihis !ij le. I he pennanenlly Eiluraled a nd ivcmb-pe cm ane nl ly HaDdrd condi nrrn^ izDinbined ivi Iti
[:oJd mkcnKllinile ijl: ca nduclk e La ihe c^velapniejil o [ iJiLi fen and i an.

Rally

7<i/oSi/lt I tpp (1.^1 1 bik }-doin]niled communi lies chiriclcnzed on rlie biiLSDrliycrdDmlnime a^ S. Juniue
/ C/iifi ri'm-nltilu JParr's mllp* > beaked Bcd^e^ and S irJf'jfjJSJi ' L" 't'ni:iiiutti l^ilki hlIIdiv I beaked
5£dfe|.ije nnl iTealed in ( uiri! nl CDmmuni ly l' I asMricil lo ni^, llie i c hibll alii of occurce nee di> nul ippeicoul al

iheDidjnary rDrsubulpineenvininnienbi No caceplinbiDr animals acehnDAnfiom IhissiEe

ComEtJon

A jdmI niiti ilonf half Ehc Icn^ 1 h of Red M eadou' Lake ind boEh wcllanib iDeLlhcrcndof ihe like, Ihoughll

ln^uCneienlly i^mdvedlD be only a mi nur influence A c amp^round exisls j uM En I be Miurhcasl Qflbe like,
fmmlhia b Bse V and us i« icaLDDal pislimni aic eondiH red, LiH ludi ng fistii ng, bun li ng and hikmg. No e FLDLe
apetEcs wcic ob.icn'ed.

105

U plaids

The cimpg round is nol u' i Ihin Ihc iv? [Land boumilBnes, bul cm Binly could IuIIucihcII Th? moikl ab^ lous
MtuR.cs nr L[ii[i 3( Is ] n Ihe irci iie CiccAuod culling on sdj a^cnl slopes Bnd rosd Irivcl.

I irforndiDn N eeds

The impBclaf Ihf ra blI on ucLl Hnti , puicvibly lhii>iifh inc icabf d sedi mcnl Blun, iktioulil roiclve scniliny.

M aiagsnoit N eeds

Elfonsshjuld be liken lo minimize I h? impiclsof ihe n^ad bdJ c anipf munil aclivilieson Itie BdjBccnl
*cllaiul'v

EEanait OauraicelnformdiDn

Plvt A^idciitioh ^Coiiuuhiti T'pr EO Rhhk B R.^'- G Ri.iy.

Siili\ Ja'iiite / Curex iiliiciiiii\ii Shrubland - - -

Cii'ty atiiial'lis - Ca/c iiinti'li'li' Herb bcco ui Vegelilion A ■ G4

SuHx sriclieiiiii / Ciii€x iiinciilnla Shrublind k ■ i

'rank ml Bbsignal

106

Sdtfiaus Cabin Wdland

Locdicin

Si hiLDLL'v C ub I n Wcllind Is Lex. Jli^ j iLikE
WcW of G I jcl? r rj Hi lo n 1 1 Pick in norlh-
w^MddIiui Fr(im Polf bridge nunhof
CalumbiD Fulls dd S I d Ic Rouli: 4 ltd,
piDccrd nDnhcrly on Slil? Ri>ulc4&6 Tor
7 miles lifFoTi^lRDiiLc 10.172. Tiavcl
HiuLherlypn Fciresi Rouli: L0J72for0 5
niiJcs iDScbiniu'vCjbiii WcllHud LimF-
DuncT pcnnLivSion la requirrd before
cnic n ny pnv hIc pro petty

Ridings

ii Itru lut:i

Thi^ kr|if 4'cll B nd uc^: LTHk on a broMl

LcETicc iibovc [he No nti Fork FiBLhend River. The wjCrrlhal Elov^s Ihniujih IIksII? hidsL lileLy dcn^i^ Ttdiii
f luundiv Bier, cj Lher fium M qohc Cnzc k or Fmrri f roundu' nCcr scizpage from Ihc jdjjccnl upLjndN. Tbic
Eiuficf hi' Jli^r Jm ins inln MiKi^eCrL:^ k In pDn\ol lln^siCr Ihr si>iK aicsBlurBled lo tlnodi^d yeirlong,
iSiil[|iig in dh nuii^jubic l'ojuJlUdii Ihil Ib^dis muL:k andpesl CojmilioiiDvrrilluviBl [i aie nl malen b h. This
ELle Lv B hhisbIc; of a illou' .'kv^ imps , bog b i n: bi swamps, rriarNhcs, ind ucl <prure foresl dcvelDped iimngDld
BLmm cHbhucIv Bud 'vrriBll <pnngi reeks. Salix geyeniifw / Carex tilnciiialis IGejer's u'iIIda / beaked
Eedfel l:d mm unilii^s are4lnminBnl along i^ bI? r^:oiiise^, ami Bn uihJesrjibrd bog blirh {EfUilu ^lnndtilt'iu)
communiLv wilh ^Rhi'iiiiiis clfiffltn f Bide r bur k Ibiom) uiideislor> occurs in ihesime Hmded belli ng. Tbeie
ore Kome [loniti iHtdu^H iHk i« ell and wilh JViifiha' ^p[i (u'aEer liJies] on IhesurfBee and T^l'tlo lai\jvlrii
(cDmmDn c all Bi 1 1 on llie margins The Bi-Uilii glumlitliu/t / Carex ulnctitala (bog bircli/ beBked sed^J
communiryoccuis near Ihrsc pomfc. Communiliesdinnlnjled bj Cir^vi iilnclitlit ^beBked 'vcdgel i*ilh a
filgh to^erof T^iti tiirttu'iln < a »ler .sedf e J occur m openings Ibinjughoul IhLi Airlland. Fl'nSiifi\
nnmdi'Kitvti freed c b n b r> grasi^l commimllie^ iM:cur in IhesBme moi^luregraJien! poikLliDn is Ibe beBked
sedge cnmmumly Slighlly ibove ihelonnrrcommnnilies ie i Frcen iriigetiiiaii"t' / Comm ificfa (Engel-
mBniispnn;e/ red-rtsjer dogwood) forrsl The dncslcommnniliei Jl Ihissile »jr i*el lo moisl mcBdoivs
dominaled by I he e\alic /'riu jjnjlL'f nr < iKeulin'ky bluegrisst. The uplands adjacenl Id Ihlssile are forests
EkiminiErd by f/ft-ti ciffirpitrm/i tar bybriilM ind^JTJJT conHtfio (Jodgepole pinej mill Citlirfnu^nm/a
nibeuvrrj f pi negrisE) domi naEed undei^mwEh

K^ EiMronmoitd Factors

The e\isleih.eol ihi:^ hjellBudcompleU bidependenE UpongiDUnd U'ller IIqi.V from Moose C^ leek or ^iprtn^

□long Lhis u'e-il side of Ihe No rlh Fork FlHlheod River. Lhe perenniHll} saLuruledc;ondilloiis BndioLd-uIr
ponili ng Einicl UJT o E ibe SI Fr leid Fo peBl bc^: um ul b lio n Conducllvily mcksujemenU in lhe shrub cnrnmuni-
bcs ranged from 2.10-265 uS/cm.

Ra'Ov

Caip.t paiiiierciiSti (poorsedgcj was associaErd wiEh lhe mossy edge ofEhe frn pond, where a iimBLI blrBm
enler^ Ehe Cit'e\ tupstiSiln - C. iiliictiSisfu |w nier .sedge - bcBkedsedgej communily lhe St'li' g,:\eft'"is I
Mesic grimliiaL4lE fGeyer's wilEowf Mesic grnmi nitNti^ pLanI assaci^Fion may be adiElurbance lype mlbouE
much lov'enlorv hiElnrv m Monlana.

107

ConditiDn

An unimpiQved raad hf^ been piL^hcd ihiDu^h Ihr inuhl Ic of Ihc AcllaiuLl ind piJli al Ly cMcimk alung lK
[Kjnhu'c-kl boundary' u'llh Ibic upLind The ibunilince dC i nl rtxIiKcd 'k[iec les i m p] ic^ Ihil Ihe^ilc may hive
Been grazed. Cii^iu/r/ i'/i^ciiii:(CBnBiit IhislLe^ and Lini'iinvi'lgt'in f bullcr- Biiil-cpg'v| coibiIiIuIc Ibicnoiioup
weeds preHtnl, hii^^cvcr, F/m iiralerrs/i tKcnliKky blue^r»s.'|, Plilti'm ;<'tUet'Sf H-onimoii limulhy),
B/"vttJ JFrf^iFJj] {Mnoi>lh biomcl. Taaixaciim ojjitimilf Idandckanl, Tlftitspr li'Vfui: (field pcnnycrcisl »jc
■II iggre^si vc ] ncre B'leis bvpecially inlhcdncchibLlBKoFlhisiyclLind S lum ps u' i Ihin I he /' jliu Ckprucel-
do mi n H lei A QDd I and y foceM leslifie'v Id pisL li m be c h h cvCkllng

Up! aids

The adjacent lind has been illeail panlHll} hiivesled and [invBic land iscuireully umiler 4IcvcId[i mcnl for
ir( iciliDui] midences.

lirform^Dn N etds

The source ol Ihis ucll and's i^ ale c his ik>I been uiKquivivi] ly established Huughspcin^s alung IhewesI
side are Ihe likely cindidale.

M aiagonoit N epih

The only noxioit ivecds picscnl, CjrurfFir urve^Eit |Ciii»d» Ihisllc) and L"it"iii vrtlRUfii (buller-and-eg^),
need Ic be eradiciled.

Elanait OauraicelnformdiDn

Pl^jt Ai loci'Tio" /CoHPJUPiii' T-rr EO R' u- S R'nn G R'mh

Beliitt' gk"'iiiiliisii - Rhi'miii'i at'tijnli!' Diinnnancc Type ' ' '

Cnrex ntpiaiilij - Ca 'ex 'oil 'a' a Herbaceous Ve^el alien

Datt\hi"i'ii it\\i:"ii€iiiii - Slii'i' iity.iii€tt\iilis DominaiKe Type

Phiiliins t"i'"iiimiteii Wesle m He rb aceoit Ve^elilion

Ficeit €ig eltniini" I Ci'inus le'itrea Wnodlind

Ficea eiigeltniiii'i" / Etiuijeii'ni ir^ itusi' Wcxjdl bikI

F'li i" alc'iiij DominaiKC Type

Sul'y ^iii"iti\«ii!l\!"'ii / CiiTfxi'lnctilala Shcubland

SuHy gt'eiiain f Cn'ey iiU".iiliiiii Shcublaiid

Suliy fe't'iu'ia I ^i^ic Graininoids ShrubJand

Tyi'hii ltiSif"Ini WeMem HerbiceDUi Vegelalion

V'KUL^n -Mti FkH\-^(UL'n R^ni &r urni'.

Cii'ty piiiii'e".iilii {ponr^edgc) ■ SJ G5

' rank nol assigned

A

-

G4

iv

■

G?G3

ii

S4

G5

B

SJ

C3

B

S3

GJ

-

-

IV

A

S3

GJ

A

S5

G5

■

^

G2G30

A

S5

G5

IDB

Tgjee Lake Complet

Loc^on

Tcpiz? LihcCDmpIci li^ loi: d Led juhL
uitil of G L jcliz r rj il lo n 1 1 Park m norlh-
uiQl VI □mini. Frp m Tr»] Ic reck jxi rlh of
CalumhiD Fulls dd S I d Ic Rouli: 4 1{6,
piDccrd '«ulbicrl> on £ lair Roul? 4S6
fnrD3in]lch Ml FciresI Rouliz S H'^'i
Travel fioulhwcarcrl^ mnForeM Rouli?
9989 for I mile \o Tcpcc LakcCompLc*;
L HJido.^ ncr pcnnLvSion is needed before
Di:[:e5Einf pnviliz u'erlindE.

Ridings

riilT. ■-f^^□.LL^LlL

Tlus CD m pie ^ of i^ e 1 1 andik lunoundi n^

Tepee Like cccura bE ihe base of Ibe

Whllel ish P ingc I n Ahil a[i[ieBn Id be h n □ Id f ro und niDrainc The ^^ellandi 1 1 L DecuT i n dcp re^sio n il

I D ndfn cms, -itme (il i^hiL:h ire ( losed o c hiv e ^e nsd n bI duIUdi^ channels Somedl I lime I hoi orcurBking

Tepee Creek indhive bee n si lun^l^' irilluc[u:ei] b} beivcrHclLvilv. Dcsc n|ilui lUk ol rbc h^cllandsin Ihis

complex folLav^, f rauped by h'cIIhihI [ypc:

Bcivcr i:iLiinplex. Tbere ire li*o large beaver complcies ilong Tepee Creek, *illi numejoiLS cj n ms jnd
beaver porait Tbe SitSu d'ii'\"'ni"diiiii!i / CGSir\iilun'talu (D mmmD nd's i^illov^ / beilcd sedge) CDinm unlly
lype bv comniDn along ^v Her chinne L<v ind pond edges in places Ihis lypc bas a signific huI .-^VnuT Jrn ujpit
(inDunlain ilder^campDitcnl Tuo miish co m munilies arecDmnLon: Cere uSni-i'liilit jbeakedsedge) and C.
iicpiiiSil'i t«alersedge> Tbcsc (lee ur ncir ponds and ^landing i^Dlecin Ihe Ail Id hi' si^ompiv A few aE ihe
beiver pondi irc drvinj? oul and are dommaled b> I be cioUe species Fhi'h'iis unimhi'acea liced
c an I r>grii?ii] . yWcjJFir ;ifa<et'ie |Umolby) and Fint I'ntTerrj'i Ihenlucty bliiegras'i|

Foresled well and. Adj acenl loone of Ibe be aver camp leies is a UbI ivp ruce swimp Toresl alung i low
gndienl inlcnnil le nl c reek. /■ Jcpir ?jig cJ/nujj^Frf / £|||jjjicJjji?i iFrnTiTF (Engel mann spruce ' ElcLd boiselaih
foicsl dominale'r Ibis i^ el I and i^ hic b dra ins iniD Ibe beavercomplei While t pDiliDnaElbiscamplei his
been illered by 1 1 mbe r har^'esl miKbol il is old f re*' lb in ci ulsl a nding condLliu n.

Oligolrophu. lake Tepee Lake Li aikbalLav^, Cishle'^h lake in agliciil depression ibildriini inlo Tepee
Creek Tbere ire small aiuoanbi of ScfUi uluSui ihardslem biilnEih>L:Dmmi]nLly m dee£ier p beIk of Ihe lake,
and I yland of Cii'£Kliii'i'ca/fia fElender sedge) a I Ibe norThend.

Fen Tbis peallind north of Tepee Lake appeinvio be fed by aikprmg/scep laeaEedon asll^hl rise
fprnbably in area ol peal buildup), making il Ihe bi^besl poinl in Ihe well and. WaLer drains norTh andsoulh
fmm Ibis pa ml Muchdl Ihe fen lEidomin Died by Beiiilo /•fitr\iiiil«i<i ling hire h| div arf c an. iv i Ih Sc-Jjj^o
^littiiSi'liiu / Ctire.i Sii^ioLiiri'it ^bog bircb 'slender sedge) and BfisSa RliintS'tloiu / Ctircx tiirttu'iln ibog bin:h
J "■ Her sedge) Ibedominanlcommunilies. Tbere a re some .smull inclusions in Ihe fcnu'bcre I be ovenlorj' is
dn mingled by i sp aise eover ol /'jijji cr'rrrjTrJir (lodgepQie p i ne| . be lb de ad and ill ve Very old beavccdims
1 1 Ibe nnclbend block inoulflou' ibil drilns lo Trail Creek, a Ciirrr^ lajfocariio Islcnder sedge) Flo i ling mil
aucTDunds Ihe pnncLs Ihal ncciir behind ihe dam Pin of Ihe ivaEerin Ihe fen drains Id a Ctivex lisslotvpii
and Cjji'i btixbmi'iii iBmbium's ^edgej meadaw lo Ihe asL Peal tlcp lbs in Ibe fen ire over 1 m. OEhcc
common planis in ihe fen ire' Metyanlftei Snfi'Htim (bog buckbein), V^iWjj m/tcli'ikeu [\iaall while vialel).

109

Eteod'aui imiicflora |fciy flouicrnl splkenthr, T/'ilcdritt ;<!'h'sifs (mambi arrou'^HH^J, Bnd Drmera
imgl/cn (English ■vundcu'l-

Gl ic] aL pu Ibiolc S hillou' ^1 ac ill d? prcs.'iioiti wilh vary i n^ Bmounbiof pril ace um ul aliDn occ ur ? a^l and
nonhcBiloCTcpcc Lite. FililyM able walcr Levels hive pmbabLy ilLouicd pcil lo iccumulilc Onci>£ ihac
jfcp rcisioitv hiiv alar^c imaunl of open * »lc r dj m i naHd ^ty fJ'i;<h!'i ip (ycllou' u'alcr Lily) ^urroundciLl by a
C!i'€\ ltiiiti.ii'iii Cvlrndcc Hcdf e) quak] ng mal. Flaallug Citrex Itp/ani (miid i^edgcj mta and ^laiubi of
Menyn'tlhei liijot'nli' (bog biKhbcanJ occur m lou' s|idU

K^ EiruironmoitJ Fadors

The prccmincnl licloisinslruclunng This compirk arc Ibic bcIlvHv asHocialcd *llh Ci'iWftiiiii'di^'siJ
{hcavcrl, HCfciOiiil flot>d[ng and ^ccps. Ct/i"ir n/finScmii bias coitlruclcd many dHnivcrcHing ponds and
oEd v^alcr-CiLlcd channels, bI IcasI '.o mc of Ihe co m plcfL ' ■> v^ alcr cu mcs fromsccpi The unduJ b Lin^ surfk'c
Iririiu of Ibiis gl an B led I Bndsi: ape ■>> bI'^d b Taylor m providing uece'&ary dcprcvsious

Ha-Hy

Rare plani popuialiowe caiai'^l of Droie/i?iingl' en (grcal o r EngLish sundeivl andlhjrr lait Scrjiu^ f bulrush
or c I ubrushj species inciuiiing Sitriiui ^l^ii'/'ihhs (lufled ciubnciht. Sti/(^iti irtii'ein/if'iilii f^vile r c I ubnthj,
indScrriiui Inuliii/in/f'ni iHudsDn'^i Bay bulriL^hJ All Drihe ibovc-l iMenl ivpec les occ ur exclusi vclj' inlhc
ten pQnlDm of Ibic CO m plcx. O n Ihc basif d£ acucsory lnvcnlory, il IcasI Ihree rare ini>s'ics hive been
identified ivilbiin Ihe fen biabilal, Ci'llie' £«iifitii '.iisj'iiiiilii 5t'<fj?i<liii'P stiiTS<l«liSfj ind Hifiju Sncptelra
Thiscomplci Ls alHO occ upienl IcrrHorj' £0 r b reedi n^ ]>i>p ul allorei of &j nVj j^rrjFJt^ fcoimnon Icxj nj , Ursiii
urCt's lgciH:^ly beacj, ind Cunui inpui (gny wolfi Sik relatively race [ilani ashoc 1 allorei Dcoural Ihe&llc:
Cnrti Si'tmu Imuil ^edgc|. Citrex bii\imi"Pi' (H u* b aum 's ^ed^e), Ficea erritf^m^r/m / Co"iiiJ ie'icea
jBn^el m ann spruce I red iHiicr dDg*iKid^, .I'^Erfi I'lai'm / C!'i€\ ivpp. |maunlain alder / Pledge spp.),Si/ii
dniti\"to"iiiiiiit' / Ci'iex iiSncult/H/ {D rummnnd' ■> willoiv / beaked Hed^eV andSuJJA li'iimmii'idiniin

Concfticm

Infemng Emm Ihe ei lent of Ihr eko lie [ilani populalionsin Ihr norihemendoC Itic complex, IhLS local ily
may have experienced livestock ^riiing. Eiolic planl ivpecies are presenl primarily in Ihe beaver complex.
Fhiiluns a'i'"iiimif€ii |reed c inarj'^ra'*^ is presenl in Ihe culiivcr prtrlmn of spruce foresi arul IndnenlDul
beaver pond , fii^j j'^ i^ii^Eij] (Kenlucky bluegrisif, CI' si'im nrveint iCmwIa \.b.\^\\e).!'i?<e'U\liii "«fveg\ti'
(NDr*egL»iicLnquefolll, Jfftajpr o^ it;jst (field pe nnyc resiv] ire bIsd found m Ihcdnenl up beiver pond

U plaids

Losing bia'i occ urred up Id Iheed^e of a number of Ihe co mponcnl well Bnt fsubuniSi) indlheie is much
tcljve recrealional 'vubdlvKiDnin Ihe vicinily.

lirformdiDn N eeds

III Ihe nojlhemcndof Ihccomplei being dev^alered or dryingoul and becoming merely h moisl mcanloiv

MaisQanat.Ueeds

Populalioiti ol aggressive cxollcs, »s ^vcll as arul p an ic ul arly. /'fti^'i^j ji t/iwifwuccii |reed c anirygraisl
should be mom lured.

110

E lanoit cairaKe I irfoimdion

PlVIT tii D( IH.TID " .' C Db HUUFT V Tr

EORhHI

SRu.

GR/,

.M'ltts "icattu / CurL'x ypp SbimbLind

Eeiiilu flii'idiilosa / Cnrex Imioi-iirfii ShmbLind

Eeiiilu flii'idiiSosa / Ca'ex iilmultiH/ Shcublsnil

Carex tiirtttiSitn - Curex tt'iiculu'ii Hcibaccoit Vc^clalkm

Carex aipiiiiitii Hcrbtcoit Vr^cLallDn

Carex biixbuii'tii Herb bcco [lii Vc^clBliun

Carex Sas'oca'pa HcrbaccDUi Vefelallon

Carex t'lima hcrlj aico ui Vc^clalinn

Carex oeder' DominBncc Type

Carex iiinci'lala Herb icco ui VrgcliHon

Eleoc-hnrij I'tihuUij Heibtceoie Vcgclilion

Elyinai gl^tt^.^tJ bicrS acfo ui VrgrlBlun

EqtmeUim jhiviaUle HcrbaicDUi Vc^clalkm

Me"'anll'ei <iijiiliii\a He rb bcco us Vc^clalion

Fhatarij iinittiS'iiifeii WcMcrn Herbaceous Ve^elalion

FiL-eii enfciinitnn'i I Co'tiis lentiea WnodLiml

PiLta i^'K€t"t!"'mi ' E!pai€Uip\ oi vmtse Forcil

Foa I'raTerfJti DominiiKC Type

fosvilai fremiiiiiiiSe^ / Ciinrai lericea Fares!

Satix !l'iimti\i?t\iSi!'"a / Carex iilncttta'it SbimbLand

Sittix driin/PMimln/fa Shrublaiul |Fnjvbvionill

Scrrjuii ncuTttJ Herbiceoit VegelBlion

c

y

GJ

A

S4

G-

Afl

S4

G4^

B

■

Gl

A

S4

G5

A

S3

G^

A

S4

Gl

A

S3

G3

F

F

■

B,C

S5

G5

C

S5

G5

8

■

GZ

B

S4

Gl

■

■

■

■

S4

G5

B

S3

G3

A

S2

Gl

■

■

■

C

S3

Gl

A

S5

G3

■

S3

G3Q

B

S5

G5

ftMmMt. E

rtcji CitJiMTZ

Caiiii hipiij (gtay ivolfj
Guviu "iim<:i [cmman \oon'i
Unas aicloi hosrtb'hs (jjizzl} bcir|

■

SI

G4

■

S2H SZN

G5

■

S1S2

G4T3

V^^cuL'n '"o NnnH'^cuL'n Pi'ur &rMr"r^

CaSt'erKii'ie>liniii;<liiiii!' fmosif

Dr'neni attg,li<.a (gicil or English sundc*)

Meena Irrqiielra (mmis)

Scrrjuii cetpfton'j (lufled elubmsh^

Scrri'iii haiSioii'ii'iiis {i\na-vn\ Bay bulmshl

ScTSHii iiihlenp/mil'i lu'alcr clubntihl

Scoipidittm scorjroides {ma^

* ranh no I assigned^

SI

G5

S2

G5

SI

G5

S2

G5

SI

G5

S2

G1G5

SI

GIG5

111

Appendix D.

Water^edscongdered byMonteraNaturcJ H ertitage Prog-am
having high biologcal divers ty and consEtvati on value

CritoriB

lire

ilfDrerabnl

1

2

3

4

Etalualb ■ SbrtBB

Clofk Rirl. Upp<r
CIdfk Rirl. Upp?r
CIdfk Rirl. Upp?r
Rahead

Rahrad
ilfarfBul

Bil^ffoal

■

■

BlHzkhnl

K

■

Upp?! CI.UI. Fotk

■

FkiliE.id Ldke

I

■

1

IBBB

-D^vai Fbiti?al

H

■

1

4«ti Fnk Fkilirwl

H

■

1

IBffB

Sfl' .ilet 1 R:iti?.id|

■

■

IBBB

Midll? Fnk Fbh?^

K

■

RoheDil ^Guti FdfI. HbIi^hI

H

1

HbIhdiI Sl liaif

H

■

llhriB^

S-1HI

K

■

IBBB

Mm. BezjEf

■
■

■
■

IBBB

Mill. ColVinriwd 1

Mill.
Milk

Upp?! Mik

K

■

Wlufe^vzilei

I

H
H

■
■

1 .

;kB.

LH< llE3d^v:iVii

!

MisiDLai' Hcndi^'aleis
MI'^siLii Heal' .ilei^
MI'^'ULii Heal' .11 et^
Mi'^siLii Hrolf ziiet^
H^DiiHi HnHtAoleis
Mi'^T^Lif Heal' .11 et^
Ml'.'^oun Lairr
Mi'^^iun. Lotftr

Qdbtn

■

■

-

Mulmn
B?:ivefl>eal

K

■

1

i

■

Big Hcle

"l

1

JeHefSHi 1
Red Pldck

I

H

K

1
■

1

■

Big Midlr

K

■

■

Biudi L*a

I

H

■

■

-

[

Mi'^^iun. Upper CuIB^jA

'

rts^iun. Uppet ISui

K

■

Ml'^ioun Upper
Ml'^'^oun Upper
Ml'.'^oun Upper
Ml'^ioun Upper
Ui^iun. Upper

TtvD F/edkne

H
H

■
■

■

Bull^vKk?i-Di:^ 1

Smjh

1

Tfflon

H
H

<

i

VI\\\d.i

■

Vnllptvnin? Lot/n

LuIe Pn^vdei

H

■

Inllptv^Qn? Lot/n
Vellptv^ane Loiver

LD"et Pondri
Lg^ei YcIId' [.line

H

■
■

-

Vnllptv^Qn? Loii'er

Midlle PG^vdet

K

■

.

Inllptv^Qn? Upper

Biglinn LAa \

1
1

1

iBeflSon

1

InllptviVinc Uppei
VnllptviQn? Upper

Upp?! V?lk»".Di>e

I

K

■

IBeflSOH

I . __ i

--

-

DnfeiB r '

I E'Hiil Mid it i?lD[4Benl gF viclond and riuriai iin\r
! Cuolilh .iiid inVgiily dF ^v^lond and iipai^in tnamuri

nunite'.

-

3 Pre^eiKE gF ^xif.iti? ?ndaig?iEd pi ti^^Vned q>?^^.r3r? tpmrnunilE^ di GUI'.!!

4 LcvElalhed I

[Dmrnunirr n-am

WWr.

Hjntbig DiNiiiJiia ^ jLitiJiiit ^ jM-hrifilt'd h^ vtill it dK Klmlmj lUlural lliiljf l Pid^tjid jnJ Th' lUlurr
CGium JJK^ •- fznaia I ttti 1411.^ Ilip r j qu ill M h ^ cm! Iig tijv^ m bul ]'<GlLdliHiaL_|idjEB(iil IIk
L-Bciih:*!^ itiEC <^ n JiJifil ut n^ Ilk liIliD ibiLd jhvii

112