THE ECHINODERM NEWSLETTER Number 17. 1992 Editor: John Lawrence Department of Biology University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 Distributed by the Department of Invertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. (David Pawson) infonnat1on concerning meetings and conferences publications of interest to echinoderm biologists, titles of theses m’ Mortensen 1943 TABLE OF CONTENTS Conferences 1993 International Echinoderm Conference (Dijon)... 2 1992 North American Friends of Echinoderms 3 _ . . 199 ? International Coral Reef Symposium tcninoderm specialists: names and addresses * Telephone - FAX - e-mail 2 Books in print ii Recent publ Ications !!!!!!."!!!!!!” io Papers presented at conferences and meetings.*.*! XS ^SS r !!2°- de11,Uni ‘ one Zoologica Italiana (1990)...*!.*.’.*! 76 COST 647 Project on Coastal Benthic Ecology.... « Terzo Colloquio Internazionale sugll Echinodermi (i99i)!.’.* 70 American Society of Zoologists (1991) 1 1 If Zoological Society of Japan (1991) !!! 19th Annual Marine Benthic Ecology Meeting (1991) o« Geological Society of America (1990) ' f? Northeastern and Southeastern Sections of the Geological Society of America (1991) Qn Theses h * Central Sect1on of the Geological Society of America (i99ij!! .*90 Requests and information Fo ): cuc ? 1 ** I err y. Koros and Pulsford, James, Campos, Acanthaster pi and [ " Cas °Pis Narodniho Muzeav Praze, Rada Prirodovedna"!.'.’!.*.*.*ioi Starfish mass mortality In the White Sea in? Directory of the British Marine Fauna and Flora..!!.*!.*;! 107 Echinoderms In painting 1n „ Echinoderms in literature Echinoderms in poetry Hopkins Marine Station ..’!!.’.’.*!!.*.’ nf Viviparity and asexual reproduction...!!!!.;!!!!;;; 11c The Biological Stations of Europe - 1910 11c The comestible echinoderm ,? c In the past !!!!!;;;. jig How I became an echinoderm biologist - Part II ......!..*;* 122 Byrne, David, Donovan, Gebruk, Guidice, James, Levin! Mladeiiov * Biographies R ° man ’ Rowley ’ Snnle y. Stickle, Tommasi, Yanagisawa. Libbie Henrietta Hyman Michael Sars }|? Obituaries and deaths J^-, Strin,ple !, J ;y- Thom P son . P-A. Aldrich, D.P. Wilson 133 Echinoderms available at the Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador.. 134 The series of International Echinoderm Conferences began in 1972 at the Smithsonian conference in Washington, O.C., organized by David Pawson and Maureen Downey. At that meeting, the participants decided that the conferences should be held every three years and that the site should be moved sequentially to different regions of the world to ensure that all echinoderm workers would have the opportunity to attend at some time. The general regions designated for the conferences were the Americas, Europe- Afrlca, and Asia-Antipodes. Beginning with the Tampa Bay conference, the participants at the conference have selected the site of the next conference. The participants at the Atami conference addressed the possibility that a host selected for the next meeting might be unable to organize the conference as planned. They established a continuing committee consisting of the hosts of the previous meeting, the current meeting, and the subsequent meeting to have the responsibility of selecting a new site and host. The committee also has the responsibility of soliciting invitations for a site from the appropriate region for the next meeting if none is volunteered. The current committee consists of Robert Burke Tomio Yanaglsawa (Saitama Medical School), and Bourgogne). International Echinoderm Conferences 1972 Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1975 Roving, Yugoslavia 1978 Sydney , Austral i a 1981 Tampa Bay, U.S.A. 1984 Galway, Ireland 1987 Victoria, Canada 1990 Atami, Japan 1993 Dijon, France 1996 (University of Victoria), Bruno David (University of ^CHINO/j jy s- & */ 7 . - # ^JNOO m 0 2 The Bth I.E.C. will be held at the University of Burgundy. Dijon, on Septembe r B to ID. 19Q3 Organizing committee Chairmen: Bruno David (University of Burgundy) & Alain Guille (Laboratoire Arago, Banyuts) £>$drgfgry: Annie Bussi&re (University of Burgundy) Mgmfrgrg: Jean-Pierre F6ral (Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls) Didier N^raudeau (University of Burgundy) Andr£ Picard (Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls) Michel Roux (University of Reims) Andrew B. Smith (British Museum) Dijon is a city of 200 000 inhabitants located on the North border of the Burgundy vineyard at about 300km from Paris, and 200km from Geneva. The first announcement will be mailed in April 1992. People who may be interested by complementary information are requested to contact Bruno DAVID before September 30, 1992 ’ i l 8th I.E.C. - Bruno DAVID Centre des Sciences de la Terre 6, Bd. Gabriel F - 21000 DDON 80-39-63-71 T. Fax: 80-39-50-66 7th International Coral Reef Symposium The 7th International Coral Reef Symposium to be held in Guam in June is likely to be the last ICRS (for some tune) to have a session devoted to Acanthaster planei. Dr Peter Moran of the Australian Institute of Marine Science is organising the session which will include the following presentations: De Ath, G. and P. Moran: A summary of ecological data on the crown-of-thoms starfish. Yokochi, H., S. Ueno, M. Ogura, A. Nagai and T. Habe: Changes of diel feeding pattern with population density and food availability for Acanthaster planei a.): an experimental view. Stump, R.J.W.: Age and growth of Acanthaster planei (L.) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fagerstrom, J.A.: Impact and recovery of reefs from an Acanthaster planei outbreak, Moorea, French Polynesia. Mezaki, S.: Changing environments of coral reefs after infestations by Acanthaster planei in the Ryukyu Islands, japan. Keesing, J.K.: Role of Acanthaster planei in structuring reef communities in Okinawa, Japan. Bradbury, R.H., RAf. Seymour and P.L. Antonelli: Is the Great Barrier Reef ecologically sustainable? Fernandes, L., P.J. Moran and H. Marsh: A system for classifying outbreaks of crown-of-thoms starfish as a basis for management. Lassig, B., W. Gladstone, P. Moran and U. Engelhard t: A crown-of-thoms starfish contingency plan. ADDRESSES (Addendum and changes to list published In the 1991 newsletter) n7ftfin , r« r 7 j i/ A i5T >al D 0 nt ° l 09 ] C u 1 I "? titute * Profsojuznaja ul, 123, Moscow, 117868 GSP-7 V-321, Russia, (abrachlate crlnoids) Ball, Brendan J. Ulster Museum, Botanic Gardens Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AB. Northern Ireland. ril-? r ’ E ! 1z ?!? e J: h ' P® par '^ me nt of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-19031, U.S.A. (crlnoids, axial organ) * Bazhin, Alexander. Kamchatka Department of Marine PO Box 217, Petropavlosvsk-Kamchatsky 63000, Russl taxonomy and ecology) Biology and Biotechnology, a. (echinoid and asteroid 2!! yaev ,’,«?I 9e n M - p - p v Shirshov Institute of Oceanology. Krasikova St., 23, Moscow 117218, Russia. (Porcellanasteriid asteroids) OokaSm] de M.n^i 9 ^';' ? i L l09 if? 1 l: aborat ?7* Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan, (ultrastructure of echinoid tissues) PihnlS: l2 9 2 h V *. P ? c,f1c . Re " arch institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Kiss!? # " w ' vu Un 1 vers Idade Federal do (ecology of sfnd'dSllars) 0 ’ Pontal do Sul, Paranagua, PR, Brazil Canicattl, Calogero. Department of Biology, University of Lecce, 1-73100, Lecce, Italy, (echinoderm immune response, coelomocytes) Dolmatov, Igor Yu. Laboratory of Comparative Cytology, Institute of Marine of°holothuroids) St ° k 690032, Russia - (moorphology, regeneration, development Rininnw’ A"®*? 11 * L - of c * toembryol ogy , Institute of Marine echinoderms) dlVOSt0k ’ 690032, Russia - (Gametes, Fertilization, Phylogeny of o E U arS ’.. 0 ! a I- De P artment of Zoology, University of California, Davis, CA 93010, U.S.A. Endelman, Leonid G. Paleontological Moscow, 117868 GSP-7 V-321, Russia, echinoids) Institute, Profsojuznaja ul . , 123, (Morphology, ecology, evolution of Evdokimov, Vladimir V. Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Laboratory of Physiology, 690600 Vladivostok, Russia. (Ontogenesis of echinoids) Fell, F. Julian. Reynolds -Alberta Museum, P.0. Box 6360, Wetaskiwin, Alberta T9A 2G1, Canada. Gebruk, Andrew V. P.P. Shishov Institute of Oceanology, 23 Krasikova St., 117218 Moscow, Russia, (deep-sea holothuroids) Hartsock, Franklin B. National Marine Fisheries Service, P.0. Box 1638, Kodiak, Alaska 99615, U.S.A. (regeneration of asteroids) Hodgson, Alan N., Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa), (reproductive biology) Holterhoff, Peter. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0013, U.S.A. Isaeva, Valeria V. Institute of Marine Biology, 690032 Vladivostok, Russia, (egg cytoskeleton and morphogenesis, development, echinoid coelomocytes) Kasyanov, Vladimir. Institute of Marine Biology, 690032 Vladivostok, Russia, (reproduction of echinoiderms) ^^Ii2 a ;,!( e : n 2 nika B * Pa l eont °l°9ical Institute, Profsojuznaja ul., 123, 1171868 GSP-7 V-321 Moscow, Russia, (evolution, systematics, morphology and ecology of Cretaceous hemiasterids and micraterids, Ordovician Bolboporites) Leibson, Nina L. Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok 690032, Russia. (Regeneration in holothuroids) D ev ^?A-/ a ! e r y £ amc hatka Department of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, P0 Box 197, Petropavlosvsk-Kamchatsky 863000, Russia (Ecology, Biochemistry and Fisheries of holothuroids and echinoids ii^i i 2 0 u a * Nina M * P,P * shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Krasikova St., 23, 117218 Moscow, Russia. (Morphology, ecology and evolution of ophiuroids) Tripneustes) 30 ’ Statl ° n Marine * B ' p * 141 » 106 Tulear, Madagascar, (biology of Manchenko, Genady. Institute of Marine Biology, 690032 Vladivostok, Russia. (Population genetics of echinoderms) Markov, Alexander V. Paleontological Institute, Profsojuznaja ul., 123, 117868 Moscow, Russia. (Evolution and systematics of echinoids, morphogenesis) McMurray, Sheona, Glasgow Polytechnic, Cowcaddens Road, Glasqow G4 OBA. Scotland. Marshall, Charles. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1567. (Evolution and systematics of echinoids) ?Jt2i2 V u Alexander, P*P« Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Krasikova St., 23, II7Z18 Moscow, Russia. (Taxonomy, ecology, zoogeography of echinoids and asteroids) Mocretsova, Nina D. Pacific Research Institute of 4, Shevchenko Alley, 690600 Vladivostok, Russia, and development of holothuroids). Fisheries and (Reproduction, Oceanography, nutrition, Naidenko, Tamara Kh. Institute of Marine (Development and culture of echinoids) Biology, 690032 Vladivostok, Russia. Norris, Daniel R. Marine Laboratory, Guam 96923. (ecology of spatangoids) Univ. of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Okamoto, Kyoko. Geological Institute, Univ. of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, echinoids) le ° nt0l ° 9y ’ ecol ° 9y ’ s y stema tics, evolution, biogeography of MS^Odense?" (heavy S metal s ) ° f Bio1o9y ’ 0dense Univ ersity, Campusvej 55, DK 0f H,r '" e 6M032 Vladivostok, Russia. r°c]"®j‘ Ca o t r°* National Institute of Fisheries, P.O. Box 1306, cucumbers) 6303 Ca1lfornia * Mexico * (fisheries of sea urchins and sea S?r^& V ;n^ le0nt0l0 ? ica ]. Institute * Profsoyuznaja ul., 123, Moscow r am hv.?ir, A .'°T 1 ? ln » systematics, morphogenesis of Lower Paleozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician echinoderms) thp b Wh’c V ! tal M I- Apartment of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology of • *• s * vast " p °' 33 ™°’ ukr * , " e - rh!-l{’k KeV ii n 9ern f rd : Dental Department, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag, m^rnhni!lnw Ch ’ N ? w ? ea land. (paleontology, behavior, anatomy, functional morphology, evolution of echinoids) ^ ale ontological Institute, Profsoyuznaja ul., 123, Moscow hbl asteroids) Bussi a (Systematics-, evolution, and ecology of spatangoids and Terry, Richard E. Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0013, U.S. A. * M^f i 2 a, i Galin .n S :. Lab ? r ? tory of Regulation of Reproduction, Institute of steroid B horaones)^ a< ^ 1VOS ^ 0 ^ , G ^ bG ^ 3 R uss la. (Oogenesis, spermatogenesis. Viktorovskaya, Galina I. Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and oceanography, Laboratory of Physiology, 4, Shevchenko Alley, 690600 Vladivostok, Russia (Reproduction, ontogenesis, larvae, biotechnology of echinoids) Yakolev, Serghey N. Institute of Marine Biology, 690032 Vladivostok, Russia, (reproduction and gametogenesis of echinoids) Vail, Lyle. Lizard Island Research Station, PMB 37, Cairns, Q. 4871, Australia, (crinoids., behavior, reproduction, taxonomy) Fig. 1. Neocnus incubate A. Dorsal view of an adult individual. B. Dissected individual showing the left brooding chamber. C. Detail of the brooding chamber with juvenile individuals in situ . D. Schematic drawing of a dissected N. incubans showing a brooding chamber with four compartments holding juveniles, be, brooding compartments; gp, genital papilla; i, integument; ip, integumentary partition; j, juveniles; ms. marsupial slit; p, podia; tc, tentacular crown. ; (\\sJO. -A see— JL . VW \. ^ 122 TELEPHONE - FAX - E-MAIL tll e hf ar ® 9 iven t0 facilitate communication. Individuals who desire the editor*** * n th * " eXt newsletter are requested to send their numbers to A network for individuals with e-mail addresses is being set up by: Win Hide Department of Molecular Genetics Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A. e-mail: whide@mbir.bcm.tmc.edu Arnaud, Patrick M. TEL (91) 52.12.94. Ausich, William. TEL 614-422-2721. e-mail AUSICH.1@0SU.EDU. Baker, Alan. TEL (04) 859-609. FAX 857-157. Barker, Michael. TEL (64) 03-479-7584. Basch, Larry. TEL (408) 459-4026. Benzie, John, j_benzie@aims.gov.au. Berger, Jacques. TEL (416) 978-3521 R]^i h ! i ^ e V? Ud , i9er 'J EL (03 > 3726-1111. FAX +81-3-3748-3017. Birkeland, Charles. TEL (671) 734-2421 FAX f 671 1 734-fi7fi7 Black, Robert. TEL (09) 380-2232 ( J 734-6767. Blake, Daniel B. TEL (217) 333-3540. Bosch, Isidro. TEL (407) 465-2400. FAX (407) 465-2446 Briscoe, Shannon. 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Yale University Press, New Haven. ^ e ? amined the problem of diversity in the 19th century with the th fk ft,C H!’ J bl ? p r esent book continues her analysis of that U in°+*r y +^ h0U9h ^ 5 ut is more - 14 is also more than just a history of * ba * 1 nstitution. Windsor provides a fascinating account of the * thlv ?ntlrar?J th 5 f? assiz ’ s and those students and scientists with whom tney interacted, end the way personalities affected the course of the wllta" 1 ?" 1 °f *t’ e ,? CZ as wel 1 as of science. In this regard, the book is an the stnHv u !? ders t ending the history of the development of the Un i ted°sta t el °fnH ♦ !!* al ?° of the development of graduate instruction in the United States and the roles of universities and research institutes. In final analysis, however, the book is indeed a history of the MCZ but the ?fnaf e chL U t dy rCa £ h b6 ? 0nd that institution^ as the .!& «k2 # the nature of f m»«, ™c ^ He r e • very succin ct, pertinent account of This ie nar?f^i 1 "> general: their origin, their changes, their roles. the world is onre l«?n r ^?? n 3 •°? as the functioning of the great museums of are tnnie L • i 9 ? ? ca ” ed into question. Her conclusion that museums are tools, equivalent to scientific tools, is an Important one . P?enum e press!‘ , N.Y.’ J * McNamara ' 1991 • Heterochrony: The evolution of ontogeny. ev^?uti5n Ony Th^hnn^ O ^nt^ i^ ' p0^ ^? n ^ aspe ^ of the study of development and of classifvil£^ l 1 ° ntains a hTStony of the ideas of heterochrony, means hetor^K^ni 9 ?• anlay f’ ng heterochrony, the cellular causation of Mtte?n5 nroH.irD^h" P\ the |' ariation produced by heterochrony, evolutionary last chant rr d rnnc5 y h Jl! r0ch i 0ny i targets of selection of heterochrony. The hean a^nflfrf considers the role of ontogeny in evolution. Heterochrony has been applied to echinoderms by investigators reaching back to the 19th* examples in°th«» a H- h0rS ° f this book have studied echinoids, which serve as examples in the discussion. This should be a very useful book. nf N fn*cSt-1arval stage represents a former a ^] t anatomy of a Holothuroid suggests the view that the group may d ®. nved from early Echinoidea In which the test consisted of plates movable on one another. This view is strengthened by the complete P lates in whi ? h , tbe > oun 9 Cucumaria is enveloped, and which gradually become separated from one another as the animal grows co™nn'*t Ut L ik the E ^ h1 "° 1dea and Holothuroidea have diverged from a t?Z t the " , the Echinoid lara has been much edified since that intL^i U ext ? rna l appearance; whilst in the Holothuroid larva the £52.*' ,he CM '“ MacBride. 1914. Textbook of Embryology. Vol. 1. Invertebrates. or2ani«m«‘it P ihI I y1er ’ 19 !J‘ Dee P' sea biology: A natural history of organisms at the deep-sea floor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. nf 9 +hf n D V?r ? re known for their extensive deep-sea studies primarily iL^nn? 0 ** 31 V r0U9 t‘ I hese stud1es have frequently involved echinoderms The book Provides a broad coverage of the characteristics of the deep s™ the taxa found there and their natural history. It also describes the ’ rIsoirat?In Pr0CeSS 5 S the or 9 anisms f °und there, including feeding, imnSrtfit 00 ’ J‘®P rodu ?t 10n » growth, and dispersal. The latter is particularly Important as it provides the basis for Interpreting the ways deeo-sea y echinodera f wH C v 10n ’tt, 0 " 6 *1 the ? reat b1omes on earth. Specifically for ecninoderm workers, the authors give a general overview of of the nhvlum the "most SmS-VS t °C hiuroid ?> echlnoK holShu^o^s^re p0rt of th ? errant megafauna, with the crinoids being processes in^^n 1 ! me9a ^ una - Marvellously little is known of the feeding Snhiuroid J m «f P - I echinoderms; respiration has been measured for several e?hi-nnd2™’ 7 • in f° rmatlon on reproduction and recruitment is for written (primarily .from the authors’ laboratories). The book is well ■Species nearly allied to those found in shallow water of many 9enera were taken In the deepest hauls, so that It would seem that the enormous pressure, the utter darkness, and the differences in the chemical and physical conditions of the water, and in the proportions of its contained gases, do not Influence animal life to anv great extent." Wyville Thomson. 1887. Challenger. Atlantic. * Imaoka, T., S. Seiichi, T. Okutani, C. Oguro, T. Oji, K. Kanazawa iqqi E chinoderms from continental shelf and slope around Japan. Vol II Japan ku; S T h oky R o eS ioS? n jap r r n . ASS -’ ^ SUlSan Bldg - 6th Floor ’ ^iftuou- thi 5 series appeared in 1990. It contains descriptions of 84 species of echinoderms, ioncluding four new species. The second volume contains descriptions of an addtional 79 species, including three new rnw eS ' 4 ww?f? d TW on has marvellous photographs of most species in color. Additional photographs in black and white provide details. The text its'ooal nf d nrn[iS- i0n t 0f the . spac1es a " d distribution range The book me ts fisheries'^ providin9 taxonon, ic data useful for marine biology and filese, A.C., O.S. Pearse, V.B, Pearse. 1991. Reproduction of marine Pacific^Grove V ° 1- V1 ‘ Echinoderms and lophophorates. The Boxwood Press, The long-awaited volume on echinoderms in this well-known treatise on Invertebrate reproduction will be extremely useful to researchers in the sexual rpnrnrfnr t the !? a :l <,r ? rou P s * sections on asexual reproduction, de«crlDtlS^?«f t I?«Uf nd are Presented. They include thorough S?1 thf^h func * lon ’ and mechanisms of action. The volume HniifnH 6 N S n th c a V th ° ritatlve reference for the state of the field. Holland, N.D. Echinodermata: Crinoidea fr ia * c ;*f* Walker - Echinodermata: Asteroidea Hendler, G. Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea Qm?T*f w’ c‘ S ‘c Cameron. Echinodermata: Echinoidea S Holothuroidea McEuen ’ C- Chafee ’ S - Krishnan * Echinodermata: Rowe, F.W.E., D.T. Anderson, J.M. Healy. Echinodermata: Concentricycloidea areas ^Mi dor i *Shohn*r n * I* To ?| a L (eds - ) - Aquaculture in tropical Tkfhn^n” T«rk< Sh C S\’ Ltd ’ Ike bukuro Nishiguchi Sky Building, 2-14-4 YaSuchi)? h1ma ' kU ’ T ° ky °’ Japan ‘ < En 9 11sh edition prepared by M. co ! ltai !l s a cha P ter on sea cucumbers (by Masashi Uehara) that has Kbt a ?n?nn" tS abou i n \ n f species with a brief description T$cedSes orat/7/a ?bC 9 «:Mntn a ?h C1J I t !J re ? f 1arvae > and a chapteron Tripneustes g atilla (by Shinko Shimabukuro) that discusses its ecology and life history. Stachowitsch, H. 1992. The Invertebrates: an illustrated glossary. Wiley- J hl ? book defines the basic terminology of the anatomy of invertebrates (systematic section) and variations of structures sDecifir for section). A page - f0r features of each group. Entries are in English and German. John, D.M., S.J. Hawkins, J.H. Price. 1992. marine benthos. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Plant-animal interactions in the [° le 5 of asteroids (Stichaster, Acanthaster, nsaster, Asterias, Echinaster) and echinoids (Strongylocentrotus Echinometra, Echinus, Echinothrix, Psammechinus, Evechinus, Paracentrotus cltti raa ’ Een brostephanus), and even a reference to Molpadia (holothuroid)’ settlement and references to feeding by ophiuroids on defecated material. Clark, A., M. Downey. 1992. Starfishes Chapman and Hall (not seen) of the Atlantic Ocean. Routledge, Jangoux, M., J:H. Lawrence, (eds.) (In press) Echlnoderm Studies. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam I* R a Y, id v Systematics and phylogenesis of actual and fossil echinoderms. R. Hill. Complete physiology of echinoderm muscle. ^ • F * Ve J* bi f 1 * Fh ar ma co1 oglcal effects of compounds from echinoderms. A. Clark. An index of names of Recent Asteroidea. Part 2. Valvatida. C ;^ 3 f ? att1 *1 ( in press). Echinoderm Research 1991 100 ?? o ?2 S of « h ? th ! rd European Conference on Echinoderms. Lecce, Italy. 1991). Balkema, Rotterdam. J Jiff* Ecology of the starfish. Reprint. Reprint Service. fiSJSii:/*T 1 2 77 -, N S rt ll *" eri “ n Starfishes. Reprint. Reprint Service. B ^ij a ^ b ^ a ^ * T * w ** J ;?* Waters (eds.). Echinoderms: Notes for a short course. Umv. Tennessee Studies In Geology. Burke, R.p. et al. 1988. (eds.) Echinoderm Biology. A. A. Balkema Ch Irv1nton"’ °’ B ' et a1, 1973 - The sea urchin. Molecular biology, vol. 2. ?P hl !uroidea of the Hawaiian Islands. Kraus Reprint. Down!v de !’r C ’D et - a ]’ (e «: ), . 1 ? 9 °' Echinoderm Research. A.A. Balkema. DO Uith , rf N ' E ' R ^ 1Slo 2 ofthe Atlantic Brisinglda (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. E Reprint 1942 ’ Shallow ' water Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea of Hawaii. Kraus E ; The Echinoderms of the Crag. Johnson Reprint. Springer-Verlag S6a urchin embr yos. a developmental biology system. 2 ' ( ! d : ) -. 1980 - Echinoderms. Present and Past. Balkema. “SEE* J.M. Lawrence eds.). 1982. Echinoderm Nutrition. Balkema. Sloan, N.A., A.C. Campbell. Perception of food. Meyer, D.L. Food and feeding mechanisms: Crinozoa. n S n-Di C ‘ Food and feedi "9 mechanisms: Hoi othuro idea. i!n2l„» r i C r’ d-M.Lawrence. Food and feeding mechanisms: Echlnoidea. Jangoux, M. Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea. Warner, G. Food and feeding mechalsms: Ophiuroidea. Jangoux. Digestive systems: Crinozoa. c * Massin * Digestive systems: Holothuroidea. pe Ridder, C., M. Jangoux. Digestive systems: Echinoidea. Jangoux, M. Digestive systems: Asteroidea. Jangoux, M. Digestive systems: Ophiuroidea. Lawrence, J.M. Digestion. Bamford, D. Epithelial absorption. La echinoderms ’ J ’ M ' Lane ‘ T,)e utilization of nutrients by postmetamorphic Ferguson, J.C. Nutrient translocation. Ellington, W.R. Intermediary metabolism. Voogt, P.A. Steroid metabolism. Jangoux, M. Excretion. Walker, C.W. Nutrition of gametes. Cognetti, G. Nutrition of embryos. Fenaux, L. Nutrition of larvae. Massin, C. Effects of feeding on the environment: Holothuroidea. Lawrence, J.M., P.W. Sammarco. Effects of feeding on the environment: tcninoiaea. Menge, B. A. Effects of feeding on the environment: Asteroidea. c^ti M,, i J# 5\* awrenc ® (eds - ) - 1983 - Echi noderm Studies. Vol. 1. Balkema. Sprinkle, J. Patterns and problems in echi noderm evolution. Marcus, N.H. Phenotypic variation in echinoderms. 5 en °n»ic variability in echinoderms. Shick, J.M. Respiratory gas exchange in echinoderms. vaientinclc, T. Innate and learned responses to external stimuli in asteroids. Campbell, A.C. Form and function of pedicellariae. Ebert, T.A. Recruitment in echinoderms. Pnnv X, M M ‘c J : H ;. Lawrence (eds.). 1987. Echinoderm Studies. Vol. 2. Balkema. Emlet M p n ^“lut’onary ecology and biogeography of recent stalked crinoids. ^ c ^ward, Strathmann. Echinoderm larval ecology viewed from the egg. ^ Ha forests C ’’ J ' S ' Pearse ’ The ecol °9 ical role of echinoderms in kelp JaMouy 1e i W ,* J- Diehl ; 5 ff ? cts of salinity on echinoderms. a R?rtfi»?rf’ r‘ M 4k La i ,r ?i Ce ( eds, J* 1989 - Echinoderm Studies. Vol. 3. Balkema. Burke l8 R d D C FrhJs£^S'{: Ik ?: Sf t,s ' «. s : Pawson, D.L. Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the Antarctic Seas. Am. Geophysical. Pawson, D.L. , J.E. Miller. Systematics and ecology of the sea-urchin Centrostephanus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Atlantic and eastern pacific oceans. Pr Med?tPrr a nf!2'cf! Ud )? S “"i °? r !! c i dari f papillate and some echinoids from the Mediterranean Sea. (Translated from the French by J.M. Lawrence). Spencer, N.K. 1940. The Palaeozoic Asterozoa. Johnson Reprint Series Stearns, L. Sea urchin development. Van Nostrand Re Inhold Terrnan, S.A., et al. 1973. Sea urchin molecular biology, vol. 3. Irvlnaton Ve £ "• A ‘ E - I 9 * 4 - Monographof the Shallow-water Starfishes of the North vi™<25 iC r CO io7o fr ? n the »r ct1c 0cean to California. Kraus Reprint. Vlguier, C. 1879. Comparative anatomy of the skeleton of Stellerldes. (Translated from the French by J.H. Lawrence). iotT'i!**?' I 977 ' B1bll09raphy and 1nde * of Paleozoic crinolds, 1969 to 17/0. beoi. Soc. Wright, J. The British Carboniferous Crinoidea. Johnson Reprint. Childrens* Books Hurd, E.T. 1962. Starfish. Crowell Jr. Books. HERMAN By Jim Unpe' That * what you pointed at in the tank!" RECENT PUBLICATIONS a ^I a 2 ed0 ’ Gonzal ? x > M - Ramirez, I. Torres. 1990. Evaluacion del p«S.s! !"Kr r .Ti!S-lS d ' r * ^ c!2;. , SS! d (3M)," 8* ““ Oph,urold ' i - Inst - so“hlrS°BrSif i . 1 0?Sil?S h, «? , ? 3 “fI| b, * 9eS off “* l *»" *“ P *‘“ »«’«• Achituv, Y., E. Sher. 1991. Sexual reproduction and fission In the sea star 670-678* bUrtoni from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Bull. Mar. Sci. 48? sti??f^'p5iSr f i 9 i«crr°i! ,, LSr a Efs?r t iM, b «i-«sr der m * n " ,es,c,es ° f pyKrJr^ec^'j'-Exp'Iro?: JII! S,S *“ ! 0f !t>rf,sh orh?nnUoim G ' A 'i Franco. 1991. Electrogenic disodium Ion proton antiport In ^aiMc^ioon* 5 ^ 01 "^^!! 31 epithelium. J. Exp. Biol. 158, 495-508. Final Rejort tSK. H 'J p surve > s of J uvenile crown-of-thorns starfish. A £ iinot °' M. Sato, H. Hirano, H. Shimada. 1990. oiffS. “«»'*» <" «rcM« -bryos. Dw. T. Ueda, T. Higashi nakagawa, K. Yamada, H. Shimada. 1990 Sbf;» sa sssJMr.““ w ' “* e ’“ ,r ' ssi<,n ,n »* "*«• ' K *’ Ko ^ 9 * amada * K- Sekine, H. Shimada. 1990. Effects of Growth Diffe?" 32^303 -31 4 Se 9 ® ne expression in sea urchin ^bryos. Dev. ” a, ? sen * R - da 9 us. 1991. Increase in eurkaryotic inflation factor 2B activity following fertilization reflects chanaes in recox potential. J. Biol. Chem. 2566, 24451-24459 renects cnan 9 es ,n /w . a ! v *» c * Vadon. 1989. Ophiuroids from the western coast of Africa (Namibia and Guinea-Bissau) . Scient. Mar. 53, 827-845. 459-462 V * 1991 * ° n three species of Mediterranean echinoderms. Sci. Mar. 55, Emlet *.1992. The development and larval form of an ecninotnurid, Asthenosoma ijlmai, revisited. Biol. Bull 182 15-30 Ameziane-Cominardi, N., J.P. Bourseau, M. Roux. 1991. Les crinoides pedoncules de 1 W Pacifique: un modele zoobathymetrique pour l’analvse des cal cai res a entroques et du tectono-eustatisme au Jurassique. Doc. et Trav Inst. Geol. Albert-de-Lapparent. No. 15. p 183-207. * ’ Aminin, D.L., M.M. Anisimov. 1990. Calcium effects of holotoxin A, on meiotic maturation and calcium transport in oocytes of the sea-cucumber Stichopus jaonicus. Zh.Evol. Biokihim. Fiziol. 26, 9-13. Aminin, D.L., M.M. Anisimov, A.M. Popov, E.A. Korepanova, A.N. Osipov, N.I. Kalinovskaya, S. Afiyatullov. 1990. Effect of triterpene glycosides of holotoxm A1 and cucumarioside G1 on sterol -containing lipid biolayers. Izv Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Ser. Biol. (5), 657-662. u.uiayers. izv. Amon, R.M.W., G.J. Herndl. 1991. Deposit feeding and sediment: 1. Interrelationship between Holothurla tubulosa (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) and the sediment microbial community. P.S.Z.N.I: Mar. Ecol. 12, 163-174. Amon, R.M.W., G.J. Herndl. 1991. Deposit feeding and sediment: II. Decomposition of fecal pellets of Holothuria tubulosa (Holthuroldea Echinodermata). P.S.Z.N.I:Mar. Ecol. 12, 175-184. Andreeva, L.F., M. Yu, M.V. Rozanov, M.V. Tarasova, V.P. Afanas’eva. 1990. Changes In cell cycle structure during early embryogenesls in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachlensis. Tsitologiya. 32, 641-651. Andrew, N.L., G.P. Jones. 1990. Patch formation by herbivorous fish In a temperate Australian kelp forest. Oecologia. 85, 57-68. Andrew, N.L., A.B. MacDiarmid. 1991. Interrelations between sea urchins and spiny lobsters in northeastern New Zealand. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 70, 211- Andrew, N.L., A.J. Underwood. 1989. Patterns of abundance of the sea urchin ^" tro ?tephanus rodgersii (Agassiz) on the central coast of New South Wales, Austrl Australia. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 131, 61-80. Andrietti, F., M.D. Candia Carnevall, I.C. Wilkie, G. Lanzavecchia, G. Mel one, F.C. Celntano. 1990. Mechanical analysis of the sea-urchin lantern: the overall system in Paracentrotus lividus. J. Zool. 220, 345-366. Angerer, 1..M., Q. Yang, J. Lievsveld, P.D. Kingsley, R.C. Angerer. 1992. “^estncted accumulation of a ribosomal protein mRNA Is not coordinated . „ d- i and P rece< ^ es growth of the sea urchin pluteus larva, uev. Biol . 149, 27-40. vinU?iIw r, u R r C ‘r S-D ' Grimwade, D.L. Hurley, Qing Yang, P.D. Kingsley, M.L. Gagnon, J. Palis, L.M. Angerer. 1990. Contributions to the spatial analysis of gene expression to the study of sea urchin development. Soc. Exp. Biol. Semin. Ser. No. 40. 69-95. Anisimova, N.A. 1989. 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PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ECH1NODERMS LECCE /ITALY/ 9- 12 SEPTEMBER 1991 Echinoderm Research 1991 Edited by LIDIA SCALERA-LIACI University of Bari CALOGERO CANICATTi University of Lecce A. A. B ALKEMA / ROTTERDAM / BROOKFIELD / 1 992 Foreword Enrico Tononesc et son oeuvre H.Manctli Systematic and phylogenesis of actual and fossil echinoderms Shape analyses in echinoids B. Da\'id &. B. Laurin ^ i oc ^ ondriaI DNA the sea urchin Arbacia lixula : Comparison between echinoid orders C. De Ciorgi & C.Lanave Organization, structure and evolution of echinoderm mitochondrial DNA PCantatore Fossil holothurians: Sclerite aggregates as 'good* species R.Haude M orphology and function The excretory function of the echinoderm hindgut M.Warnau, A,Temara & MJangoux Arm loss and regeneration in Asteroidea (Echinodermata) J. M. Laurence Fine structure of the upper part of the axial complex (head process and dorsal sac) in the asteroid Asterias rubens L. (Echinodermata) M.Warnau & MJangoux The sensory-secretory structures of the podia of the comatulid crinoid Antedon bifida (Echinodermata) P.Flammang & MJangoux The sea urchin lantern coelom: A circulatory system R.Birenheide 37 39 53 59 67 80 Comparative morphology of crinoid tube feet 73 J. Douglas McKenzie Immunocytochemica] detection of bromodeoxyuridine in proliferating cells of regenerating 8 1 Cuvierian tubules of Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata) D.VandenSpiegel, D.Nonclercq &. GJoubeau Functional morphology of the musculo-skeletal system of the lantern in the cidarid sea-urchin 87 Stylocidaris affinis (Phil.) M.D.Candia Carnevali, I.CWillcie, G.Melone <5c FAndrietti Mechanical analysis of the lantern movement in the cidarid sea-urchin Stylocidaris affinis 95 (Phil.): Comparison with a typical camarodont lantern FAndrietti, M.D.Candia Carnevali & LC. Wilkie Structure and mechanical behaviour of the compass depressors of Paracentrotus lividus 99 (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) I. CWilkie, M.D.Candia Carnevali dt F.Bonasoro The effect of quantity and quality of prepared diets on production in Paracentrotus lividus 107 (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) J. Lawrence, L Fenaux, A Lawrence A M.CCorre Variation du nombre de cotes des piquants de Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck 1 1 1 F. Louise , F.Binard & P.Le Gall Formulation of an aritificial diet for the rearing of the urchin Paracentrotus lividus: 1. 115 Comparison of different binding agents ACaltagirone, C. Fernandez A P. Francour Brooding and marsupium structure in the cucumariid holothuroid Neocnus incubans 1 2 1 (Echinodermata) VAlvd Sl M.Jangoux Study of Amphipholis squamata luminescence 1 25 J.Mallefel, P.Vanhoulte &. F.Baguet Cuvierian organs in the holothuroid genus Actinopyga 1 3 1 D.VandenSpiegel Sc M.Jangoux Naphtoquinone pigments in echinoderm skeleton 1 32 Ph. Dubois A D. Jans Immunocytochemistry of GABA in the radial nerve cord of the ophiuroid Ophiura ophiura 1 33 M.Ghyoot A J.LS.Cobb Developmental biology Regulation of macromolecular synthesis in sea urchin embryos 1 37 G. Giudice Runnstrom et sa contribution & la biologie du developpement des echinodermes 143 H. Manelli V) 81 Developmental studies of promoter- binding proteins of early H 3 and H2A histone genes of sea urchin Paracen/roitts ftvufus * C /u? , j!:» PalUl CCasano - LAnfUo - C-Bomra. F.Gianguzza. M.Ciaccio & M.G.Di Bernardo Substrate adhesion molecules in sea urchin embryogenesis V.Matranga, FZito, D.Di Ferro. G.Fasulo, M.CenvIIo d FNakano (Wgin, function and structure of a sea urchin cell adhesion molecule M.Ccrvello, FZito. S.Scianino, LD'Amelio, GScaturro d V.Matranga Possible functions for the ‘embryonic* cholinergic system present in GFalugt. M.Pieroni, V.Drens, P.Stengel d M.Lammerding-Kdppel ***** SyStem k involved “ * he regulation of early development in Paracentrotus B.Marchi, F.Trielli, M.Pieroni d CFalugi The minor stress proteins in sea urchin embryos M.CRoccheri, D. Cascino d G.Giudice 153 157 161 165 167 Ecology Evolution rtcente des exploitations mondiales d’holothuries C.Conand 171 SSSSSTJIi ™ CCeSsion .| J “ slades morphologiques du dtSveloppement Iarvaire j 73 P Bui tee l, P.Coulon d MJangoux elegans (Mottensen) from populations of/W in the Straits 185 S.Giacobbe d P.Rinelli M.F.Barker, R.Scheibling d P.Mladenov S.Kampfer d WTertschnig Le peche des oursins en Galice, Espagne, pendant la campagne 1990-1991 J.LCatoira Gdmez ****** Sphaerechinus S ranuI °™ » external stimulus 191 197 199 201 VII 82 Ecological notes on Ophiactis boll, (Thomson) from populations of Errina aspera in the Straits of Messina y S.Giacobbe <£ PRinelli Demographic et reproduction de I 'ophumAmphipholis squama, a * Luc-sur-Mer (Baje-de-Seine, France) VAlvd Sl MJangoux Holothurians' responses to attack by the tonnid gastropod Torma galea AToscano . F.Bentivegna & P.Cirino Dispersal of echinoderm larvae in a geographical area marked by an upwelling: Implications 205 on the in situ recruitment r M.LPedrotti <£ L.Fenaux 202 203 204 Symbiosis, parasitism and immunity Cellular and molecular basis of encapsulation in sea cucumber hosts jna C.Canicani " enriChed -'—ye populations 2.7 221 cordatum (Echinodermata) AJTemara <£ C. De Ridder Symbolic relationships between the burrowing echinoid Echinocardium cordatum and its intradigestive bacteria AJemara H.L. Nguyen. Genetic structure In five ufivfi eS r°u S6 i S J a £ S (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Alaska. gene (asteroid) * A ‘ G ' MarSh - C ' MyC i$ n0t exclusivel y a vertebrate „? a *°"’ r ’u" ^eliminary characterization of holothuroid evisceration factor B star r 6e^asterias C imbricata. and diStribUtl '° n ° f the leukocytes the - J rHlinii 9 ,A> » E* r . McEdward. Evolutionary significance of a derived mode of McEdiarrf f i rn, D tl ? n + in the .i? rva ? f the starfish, Pteraster tesselatus. E.R. Interspecific relationships between egg size and the level of parental investment per offspring in echinoderms. Fm?f+ o M D A 'rf r l! t ? ndy J i !! the sea cucumber Leptosynapta sp. sel urchins? * 3 hlstoric P atterns of nonfeeding larval development in T'c' J 4k ^ u , ct i? n “ f metamorphosis of echinoid larvae. dlstri bution of the echinoid genus Clypeaster in the Youno r a S S o aS; 2 c . a ? e fo r : relictua l centers of survo?shi P :® raoo 9, i C ‘S‘ ^productive studies in the deep sea: historical perspectives. Lares t Tm" 1 ®!* ecolo 9y a ? d a ?? structure of deep-sea populations. ’ Lawrence. Allocation of nutrients and energy during arm riSf-?!**. 10 ! \ n sp - (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). 9 E- a -J*» S.S. Bell, J.P. Kurdziel. Secondary production from arm regeneration in natural and replanted seagrass beds. Young, C.M. Fertilization ecology of deep-sea echinoderms. ssEra af s “ ,ds and 9ane,es ,n P antarctic S seas? dCeP S6a echinoderms ^Produce like those in shallow Tyler, PJL.SMsoMlity and continuity in reproductive processes in deeo sea invertebrates, (asteroids, echinoids) processes in deep sea Papers presented at the Sixty- second Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan (Okayama, 1991) (abstracts published in Zoological Science , vol. 8, 1991) Tamori, M., A. Maatsuon, K. Takahashi. Fine structure of the echinoid madreponte with special reference to its pore-closure response, p. 1057. Motokawa, T. Effects of ionic environment on mechanical properties of detergent-treated catch connective tissue, p. 1058. Baba, S.A., S. Inomata, Y. Mogami. Three-dimensional analysis of swimminq behavior of sea-urchin larvae, p. 1060. Mogami, Y., K. Watanabe, C. Ooshima, A. Kawano, S.A. Baba. Effects of neurotransmitters on the ciliary movement of sea urchin embryos, p. 1061 Takahashi, N., Y. Hayakawa, H. Sahara, N. Sato, K. Kikuchi. Sea urchin repr oduc ti on --f ac tors for contraction of smooth muscle of gonad wall. o. 1064. r Inoue, C., M. Klyomoto, H. Shirai. Differentiation of germ cells during early development of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. p. 1068. Yokota. A novel chromoprotein detected in the ovary of Astenosoma ijimai. р . 10/1. Hamada, K., H. Isomura, S. Ikegami. The structure of the active metabolite pectin iferaj ne p a J 0 Jg hlbltor of RNA synthesis of the starfish (Asterina "*"•» ][• ®? e » Sasaki, S. Ikegami. Role of histones in the progression of development of starfish blastulae. p. 1075. .k-k T 'l Y ‘ 0zalc< > s - Ike 9 arai - Inhibition of the release of peptides in the hyaline layer of a hatching sea urchin (Heterocentrotus pulcherrimus) embryo by halenaquinol sulfate, p. 1076. с. ihcti!^ ?■’ ?;. K \ kkawa > Suzuki • Sea urchin hatching enzyme: its protein substrate specificity and the mechanism of fertilization envelope dissolution, p. 1080. c+.Hr^k^’ Osanai. Localization of archenteron forming ability in starfish oocytes, p. 1082. Kiyomoto, M. Y. Akai, H. Shirai. Archenteron-forming ability of vegetal regions of starfish egg (2). p. 1082. Amemiya. Influence of micromeres on the mesomere skeletogenesis of a sand dollar, Peronella japonica. p.1083. Katow. Occurrence of mannose reduction in primary mesenchyme cell (PMC) early'gastrulae^p **1083^ ** ^ mi9ration ter ”>iu a tion site in Euechinoidea Nakajima, Y., H. Katow. Mitochondrial accumulation in blastocoel wall cells at primary mesenchyme cell migration termination site in sea urchin early gastrulae. p. 1083. Yamamoto, Y., T. Komianmi. Correlation between changes in cell shape and 1083 ^ CCl1 surface chan 9 e during cleavage stages of sea urchin embryos, p. Nakano, E., V. Matranga, D. Di Ferro. A new extracellular matrix protein in sea urchin eggs. p. 1084. r Yazaki, I. Fluorescent immuno-cytochemical study of the formation of f^-kj 6 ron a ?« n ? ut sea *urchin embryos by using a monoclonal egg-surface antibody, p. 1084. Nakamura, S., R. Kagotani, H. Fujisaki, M.K. Kojima. The acid-insoluble organic matrix of spicules in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. p. sp “ ,es ° f - F ftiJ a "* crasslspina, during development, p. 1085. ’ Proliferation of leTu^chln The effect of EGIP cell EGIP-IMn embryos^of^the sVu U ffln tU, A^ih;HH a h r• a, X Dis tribut1on of ^TrecirIor S o^xigastr!5laf^ the^esMircM n?*p . °1 086l° S kl " aSe 1nh1bit ° rs prjc^; p . p Si , v'Ty^ , 7 °iFr *« , »““"“>S;» 6 ”pr , iss;? n of - St^-s s*. aC M°h° meU ^ C ^° nK ° fA ^ aa “ r ^I” 1 ^P® r ™ ar p- 1C 1095 iOn ° f phOSpholipase A2 in the 109 ?f ^"'^'"^a^^o'’ inducing^substances (ARIS j^ti spenmatozoa^in^starff^ gang? ?os ?de * M5 ' i n * sea^urch i n " eggs ? ' p k * l 096?“ * H ° Shi ‘ The of fn o2si the . * •* *'• Takemoto, H. Kurods. M. Ki kuv 3 in 3 Y ui «< a mn i. • _ # sea urchlhgjs. S"°?M7 Caffe1ne ' indUCed Calcium release f ™» ">icrosomes of ion “starfish Iggs^lMS. 3 ' Nem ° t0 ‘ Caffein ‘ induced calcium release Induced . Ky°zuka,.K., R. Deguchi, K. Osanai. Intracellular free calcium ion increase with or without egg activitation during cross fertilization between sea urchin eggs and oyster spermatozoa, p. 1098. Kojima, M.K., Y. Saito, K. Hayakawa, S. Nakamura. Changes in the rate of ° x ygen consumpt-ion and the content of arginine phosphate following activitation in sea urchin eggs. p. 1098. Mita, M. Absence of 1 -methyl adenine production in follicle cells obtained from starfish ovaries in the post-spawning season, p. 1110. Ishimaru, T., H. Shirai. Metabolism of 1 -methyl adenine in gametes of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. p. 1110. MP??rn^/r^.’i«' D H i Sa . a9a ’ !■ ? kano > E - Okumura, T. Klshlmoto. Relocation of MPP.CDCZ/CYCLIN B during meiosis reinitiation in starfish oocytes, p. 1111 Kudo, T. , M. Toriyama, K. Ohta, T. Kishimoto, S. Hisanaga. Isolation and characten zat ion of 51 -KD aster forming protein from starfish oocytes, p. Tosuji, H., I. Mabnuchi, T. Nakazawa. Chromosome condensation without protein synthesis in unfertilized sea urchin eggs induced by Calyculin A. p. Komori, S., M.T. Oka, Y. Hamaguchi. Asyircnetry of the meiotic spindle in the starfish oocyte, p. 1114. Saiki, T. f Y. Hamaaguchi. Microtubular structure organized by the first m t trans P^ antec ^ i nto starfish oocytes and eggs. p. 1114. withhexylene^l^ movement in the sand dollar egg treated Watanabe, K. Y. Hamaguchi. Stabilization of the mitotic apparatus of sea p 1115 e " S 1n thG S6a Water containin 9 sodium acetate whose pH was lowered. riffuTnl N - Sawa ^ a ' Effect of sodium butyrate on the DNA synthesis of the cleavage stage egg of sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus. p. 1115. lazawa, E A. Fujiwara, I. Yasumasu. Reactivation of co-blocked respiration by Tight irradiation in sperm of sea urchin and oyster, p. 1119. Tazawa, K. Asami, I. Yasumasu. Does fertilization-induced increase in the respiratory rate result from an augmentaiton of cytochrome c reduction in sea urchin eggs. p. 1120. I# V A *J Fu Jiwara, E. Tazawa, K. Asami. Change in the respiratory development 6 p^ll^O 0 " 16 ° ° Xldase activit * in sea urchin embryos during early Yamada, K. Akasaka, H. Shimada. DNA polymorphisms in sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. p. 1122. ^aotome, K. A method for chromosome preparation from sperm of sea urchins by the use of hybrid andromerogon. p. 1123. Fujimoto, H., I. Mabuchi. Isolation of cleavage furrows from dividing sea urchin eggs and analysis of the protein constituents by two dimensional gel electrophoresis, p. 1132. Yokota, E. , I. Mabuchi. Interaction of flagellar inner arm dynein (C/A dynein) isolated from sea urchin sperm with mirotubules in the presence of Air. p. Ho/. Mabuchi, I., H. Fujimoto, E. Yokota, T. Shimizu. A new method for isolation of mitotic appratuses from sea urchin eggs. p. 1138. 1 l® 2 ren * ie ^ *** ^ unctiona l anatomy of the sea urchin lantern coelom, p. Uehara, T. , C.M. Nawata. Comparative larval skeltal developent of Diadema setosum, Stomopneustes variolaris, and Echinometra mathaei. p. 1194. ui55uSii!!i;u oSSr-pf-jIjs 0 "' "• *«"• .f «,. Figure 4. lA^ciopmcnt of p\i‘u.J--. \n;nj n*i n..i. \^Oi/y^a^u. \fiL^ V^HO Papers presented at the 19th Annual Marine Benthic Ecology Meeting, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA (1991) (communicated by James B. McClintock) Aitken, A.E. Baffin Island fiord and continental shelf macrobenthos (ophiuroids are a dominant) Aronson, R.B. Fishing pressure and the evolution of benthic communities, (echinoids) Bock, M.J., D.C. Miller. Movement of shelf echinoderms in oscillatory flows. ( Echinarachnius , Amphiura, Astropecten) Clements, L.A., J.P. Kurdziel, S.S. Bell. Secondary production in seagrass beds estimated through arm regeneration by an infaunal brittlestar. Cronin, G., M.E. Hay. Can an alga tell the difference between amphipod and urchin grazing? Forbes, T.L., V.E. Forbes. The functional allometry of deposit feeding in the southeast Asian holothurian, Holothuri a atra, Golde, H.M., S.E. Stancyk, M.P. Crosby. Respiration rates of regenerating brittlestars. * Kvitek, R.G., J.S. Oliver. Sea otters as predators and disturbers in Alaskan soft-bottom communities. McClintock, J., M. Slattery, J. Heine, J. Weston. The chemical ecology of Antarctic marine invertebrates, (echinoderms) Pape-Lindstrom, P.A., R.J. Feller, H.M. Golde, S.E. Stancyk. Sublethal predation: invisible energy flow? (ophiuroids) Schinner, G.O. Burrowing behavior, substratum preference, and distribution of Schizaster canliferus (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) in the northern Adriatic Sea. Stancyk, S.E., W.E. Dobson. Use of skeletal growth bands in ophiuroid arm ossicles to quantify frequency of sublethal predation. Valentine, J.F., K.L. Heck. The role of dense mussel assemblages in controlling macrofaunal assemblages and seagrass biomass in the northern Gulf of Mexico, (echinoids) Vernon, J.D., J.B. McClintock, T.S. Hopkins. Size frequency and sediment selectivity of the irregular echinoid Clypeaster ravenelii. Wulff, J. Sponge-feeding by the Caribbean starfish Oreaster reticulatus . MEETING OF THE GEOTjQGI CAL S O CIETY OF AMFRTPA — nAT.T.& g p^? ' October 29 to November 1, 1990 . Geological Society of ASsich? Abstracts with Program 22(7). (communicated by William if Ausich, W.I. Regional encrinites: How can 5 X lo 9 M 3 of crinoidal limestone be accummulated? noiaai =„ro 6 s;rv«?o r ‘, er o'i .orpholo^nd ecol^ Bodenbender , B.E. Potential of skeletal crystallography as a phylogenetic tool in edrioasteroids. ^ Foote , M . Morphologic versus taxonomic diversity in a clade's history, [concerns blastoids] ciaae s Frederick, D.L., j.r. Byfan, and T.W. Broadhead. Ontogenetic shaoe determination in Eucalvntocrini^ - Implications for functional morphology and taxonomy. mpucations for Greenstein^i^B -J ^ ^ P ^ict a bi lity of taphonomic bias and the the'FiSnOT^Fora^^on* 1 ^ Llewellyn, g, and D.L. Meyer. Paleoecological implications of the oS;S as ? SSOC,at “ ° ( «•' Caribbean °coaiatulid S01, ” b Sicu«i c'?i„ D bi J d. B ° ttJ * r - Pil “ eC ° l0gY « “« °“.st too™ Sprinkle ,J . New echinoderm fauna from the Ninemile Shale (Lower Ordovician) of central and southern Nevada. * Sumrall, C.D., and J. Sprinkle. "Blisters, "stuffers" and s a ers basic designs in late Paleozoic edrioasteroids. Sutter, S.J. Cladistic relationships of living cassiduloid**- ylogenetic reconstruction of a severely thinned clade. 1991 JOINT MEETING OF THE NORTHEASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN SECTIONS OF_.THE GEOLOGICAL SOC IETY OF AMERICA BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, March 14-16, 1991. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program 23(1). (communicated by William I. Ausich) Brower, J.C. The life and times of Ectenocrinus simplex , an Ordovician crinoid. Taylor, W.L., and D.E. Brett. The Homocrinus beds: Obrution Lagerstatten from the Silurian (Wenlockian) of western New York. 1991 NORTH-CENTR AL SECTION MEETING OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA TOLEDO, OHIO, April 18 to 19, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program 23(3). (communicated by William I. Ausich) Baumiller, T.K., and W.I. Ausich. The "broken stick" model: A null hypothesis for crinoid stalk taphonomy. Donovan, S.K. The crinoid Xenocrinus as a key element of the Hirnantia fauna . Greenstein, B.J. Taphonomic bias and the evolutionary history of the family Cidaridae: A comparative approach. Holterhoff , P.F., and R.K. Padian. Generic reorganization and replacement of crinoids through the Ervine Creek — Cruzon interval (Upper Pennsylvanian, Virgilian) of S.E. Nebraska and S.W. Iowa. ECHINODERMALOGISTS BRING HOME THE BRASS RING (CANAL) (communicated by William I. Ausich) The Paleontological Society presents annually the Schuchert Award to recognize excellence and promise in a paleontologist under the age of 40. Two echinodermalogists, William I. Ausich and Carlton E. Brett, received the 1990 Schuchert Award. The award ceremony was held at the annual luncheon of the Paleontological Society during the 1990 Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America (Dallas, Texas) . These awards will help to counterbalance the predominance of mollusc workers who have received this award. Other echinoderm specialists to receive this award are James Sprinkle and David Jablonski (also works on mollsucs) . 21 THESES AND DISSERTATIONS HONORS THESES Japan Takadam ’ N ' Teruya * A - Nagano, U. rujimaKa, Y. Shlmoto. 1982. Study on crown-of-thorns starft^h in northwestern region of Irlomote Island. Tokal Unlv ' 1n the ?^ aki, J" T -, T °y° 9 uch 1 . 1986. Tolerances of A. planci aoalnst wat.r fSK inf”” , ' 1 s,,, " U,es '•««« of Sugiyama, K. Tou. 1986. Ecological studies on iuvenilot of a anH°t °i 6 * S ^ and: distribution, morphogenesis and change in feedinq habitv nd tolerance against environmental stresses. Tokal Unlv. ^ i^^ h ;«.p e r;?“ e s T t;: nc of‘SuS;“ ,ons of * c>nthist*<"« !t,r,,sK " tht part Australia i„ T & r uc c x o : sr°;rss; s sp,eies * tte ~ Canada *■ Pontefract, R.1989. Ecological energetics of sea urchins. Dalhousie Unlv. Ireland referenrp t« 7 fh. T !l e i, ?h ® n °!! e « 0 ?. of a 99 regation In echlnoderms with particular «*■ sss? MASTER’S THESES Japan Okaji, K. 1989. Delayed spawning activity and prolonged reproductive period In dispersed individuals of Acanthaster plancl (L.) in Okinawa. Univ. of Ryukyus. Australia Fernandes, L. 1989. Biases associated with the use of manta tow, a rapid reef surveillance technique, with particular application to the Crown-of-Thorns starfish (Acanthaster plancl). James Cook Univ. of North Queensland. Nash, W.J. 1983. Population genetic and morphometric studies on the Crown-of- Thorns starfish, Acanthaster plancl (L.) in the Great Barrier Reef region. James Cook Univ. of North Queensland. South Africa Thandar, A.S. 1971. The holothurlan fauna of the rocky shores of Natal. Univ. of South Africa. Canada Raymond, B.G. 1986. Behaviour and growth of the early life history stages of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensls. Dalhousie Univ. Hart, M.W. 1987. Temperture and food effects on the growth and shape of an echinopluteus, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensls. Dalhousie Univ. Dutll, C. 1988. Partage des ressources alimentaires et comportement de predation des etoiles de mer de la communaute infralittorale du golfe du Saint-Laurent. Universite Laval. Pearse, C. 1990. Induction of settlement and metamorphosis in the echinoids, tchinarachnius parma (Lamarck) and Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller). Dalhousie Univ. Jamaica Sides, E.M. 1976. A study of niche separation in three species of Ophlocoma (Echinodermata: Ohiuroidea) in Jamaica. Univ. West Indies (Mona). Gordon, C.M. 1990. Taxonomy and palaeoecology of the echinoids of the Late Pleistocene Falmouth Formation of Jamaica. Univ. West Indies (Mona). United States Adams, J.M. 1991. The effect of arm loss on respiration, excretion, and biomass production in Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Univ. South Florida. Croft, M. 1980. Ecology and stratigraphy of the echinoids of the Ocala Limestone. Univ. of Florida. and sea^cucumbers . ^Uni v!* S of P Houston. am ^ no ac1ds across tf »e guts of chitons Lowerstanton 6 Fo^ paleoecology of crinolds from the United States. Unlv of Nebraska ’ Mlssouna > of the "Id-continent, KabUi^suS^ ofStrongylocentrotuspurpuratus California. ClifbSJ sS"ffivSl^ t ||^!5. ra,,9e ° f the $ea ° tter in i^ d «2emSl* age 1 ?^ K? ? d Q?iar ^ at ^i ch7gl^ ® ° rd ° Vi C 1 3n graph * Echlnoderaata^f'lexas^Texas^^^niv? 34 ^ 5 ° f ^ Shall ° W Water «"«• from energe t i c compos i t i on , b ’ 0che 1 lical a " d in Clypeaster ravenel i (EcMnirterS? 'ni a " d 9™in-size selection G»lf of Koxlco. Un),."f ( »Ub£* r Ki;i 1 5» ^ “ e n “ rtl ""’ Brasil ^•^saissssfsr: regi accost eira JdjSnte^^arra^de^o “nde^RS* £«?r' C R - MrMtonl da University. ( Hellita ) mo urnae, ks, Brasil. Rio Grande Austria JCampfer, S. 1992. Biologie von Clypeaster rosacei v^nnf dermata ^ : Ernahrun 9 und Einfluss auf seich w 1 enna • ( Echi no Idea : Lagunensedimente. Univ. of j" Frnahr^ingsbiologie von Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuria, Echinodermata) und Ihr Einfluss auf den Sedimentmetabolismus. Univ. of DISSERTATIONS Sweden Brattstrom, H. 1941. Studien uber die Echinodermen des Gebiets zwischwen Skagerrak und Ostsee besonders de Oresundes, mit einter Uberslcht uber die physische Geographic. Univ. of Lund. Northern Ireland McKenzie, J.D. 1985. A comparative study of dendrochirote holothurians with special reference to the tentacular functional anatomy. Queen’s University of South Africa A : 1987 • Biologically induced alternative states of two rocky subtidal benthic communities. Univ. of Cape Town, (holothuroids) Thandard, A.S. 1984. The hoi othuri an fauna of Southern Africa. Univ. of Durban-Westville. Canada Jellett, J.F. 1987. Host-parasite interaction in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Dalhousie Univ. Hagen, N. 1990. Behavioural ecology of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotuos droebachiensis. Dalhousie Univ. Jamcaica Sides, E.M. 1981. Aspects of space utilization in shallow-water brittle-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Univ. West Indies (Nona; . Hammond, L.S. 1980. The feeding ecology and substrate relations of sediment ingesting holothurians and echinoids (Echinodermata) from a shallow reef lagoon, Discovery Bay, Jamiaca. Univ. West Indies (Mona). France Neraudeau, D. 1990. Ontogenese, paleoecologie et histoire des Hemiaster, echinides irreguliers du Cretace. Univ. of Bourgogne. United Kingdom 95 Billet, D.S.M. 1988. The ecology of deep-sea holothurlans. Univ. Southampton. Brun, E. 1969. The echlnoderm fauna of the Isle of Mann. Univ. Liverpool. f' M -. 1990 - The skeletal morphology and systematics of Recent and fossil holothurians with particular reference to the Triassic/Jurassfc Univ. ‘ se * “ lxl " n c ' c " n « “s ■«««. F?rth“’jf Opl ” oc " 1 " 1 (Abliajeerd) In the Uni v! ’of Wales chan 9e through heterochrony. John Hopkins ass » ss^aEa s!a, -‘ ■ -■ - ,,sh - shallow’u^f; 1979 ' M ?] ecu1ar > morphologicl and ecological divergence of shallow water sea urchins separated by the Isthmus of Panama. Yale Univ. i nf 1 uences "on 9 nnnni "t araC 3 ’ ons . between a marine mussel and its epibionts: nfluences on population dynamics and community structure Univ of California, Santa Barbara, (asteroids) ^ruciure. univ. of of r «nrt 1 H«ii R ‘ 19 f 9 ;. DN A-DNA hybridization, morphology and the fossil record SnlSiwSS J5SfSSr u ,*?;.S} ) SS^ ,d,,: aM ™*“ ° f McClanahan, T.R. 1990. Hierarchical control of coral reef systems. Univ. of Florida, (echinoids) Merkle, C.J. 1990. Cortical granule exocytosis in sea urchin eggs: an ultrastructural analysis of osmotic and ionic effects. Arizona State Univ. ^990. Evolution of regulation and molecular characterization of mapl30, a mesenchyme cell lineage-specific protein of the sea urchin. Indiana University. Scancar, S.M. 1990. Skeletal growth and chemistry of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Univ. of Cincinnati. Van Veldhuizen. H.D. Feeding biology of subtidal Pisaster brevispinus on soft substrate in Bodega Harbor, California. Univ. California, Davis. Wagner, C.D. 1970. Evolution among some clypeasteroid echinoids. Univ. of California, Berkeley. Wray, G.A. 1987. Heterochrony and homology in the evolution of echinoid development. Duke Univ. Ireland Neil and, S. 1991. Long-term studies on the benthic infauna of Kinsole Harbour, south coast of Ireland, with particular reference to the Polychaeta. National University of Ireland (University College, Galway), (contains Information on all classes of echinoderms) . Bowmer, C.T. 1982. Aspects of the biology and ecology of Amphiura filiformis (O.F. Muller) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidae) . National University of Ireland (University College, Galway). O’Donnell, G. 1991. Aspects of the nutritional biology of the dendrochirote holothurian Thyone fusus (O.F. Muller). National University of Ireland (University College, Galway). Spain Haya, D. 1989. Biologia y ecologia de Paracentrotus lividus en la zone mtermareal. Univ. Oviedo. Austria Nebelsick, J. 1992. Actuopalaeontology of shallow water echinoids from the northern Bay of Safaga (Red Sea, Egypt). Univ. of Vienna. Hono Kona Chiu, S.T. 1987. Aspects of the ecology of Anthocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz) in Hong Kong. Univ. of Hong Kong. REQUESTS AND CURRENT STUDIES John Ogden and David Forcucci (Keys Marine Laboratory, Florida Institute of oonu?a?!in Ph H 3r ® as *? ss ’ n jj and monitoring the distribution, abundance and the FlJrida d Ss! CS ° ncludin9 recruit ment) of Diadema antillarum on reefs^n SS^-vSSffSSSSiSr^ «• studvin^natiirai *^ 11 *?? A : L - Pulsford (Plymouth Marine Laboratory) are studying natural killer cells in sea-urchin blood. (J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U K program fo/fjsheme^on impJSved^ethS^of hSndl i ng 6 and n Jro« d s i nj ’ " 9 cucumbers at Tirupalakudi in South India during 19-25 FebrS^y ?n 9 EXP ° rt ° eVel0pment Auth °^ a nd the echinoidI. (0Cean ° 9raphy ’ S ° uthampton) has been studying the diet of deep-sea tho\^ C |f enZle r^ Du Il staffna9e Mar l ne Laboratory, Oban) has research oroiects on the biology of sub-cuticular bacteria of ophiiroids neural control of thf adhesion of tube-feet, and echinoderm epittlUl'Si^Jg'SJS,^ torlua*’ N ° rn ' S {UniV ’ ° f GUam) iS Studyi " 9 the eco1 ° 9 > ° f the spatangoid Florence Payot (Odense Univ.)is studying heavy metals in Asterias. dollars*’ Bor20ne (Univ * Federal Parana) is studying the biology of sand oiAKfian RESEARCH IN 1991/92 98 s’* The damage to coral reefs caused by outbreaks of the crown -of- thorns starfish (COTS) is one of the most serious scientific and management issues on the Great Banrier Reef (GBR). Although there are indications that the current series of out breaks - - — which started in 1979 is nearing an end, an estimated one-fifth of the 2900 reefs on the GBR has been affected over the last decade. Public recognition of the seriousness of the issue has been reflected in Federal Government funding for research into the starfish, causes of outbreaks and its effects on the GBR. Since 1985 the Authority has received special funding of around $6 million for COTS research. This financial year represents the third and perhaps final year of the current COTS research program which has focused on monitoring the starfish and its effects on corals, predation on post-settlement stages of COTS, reproduction and larval dispersal. The luxury of commit- ted, long-term (three years) funding of around A$1 million per annum from the Federal Government has meant that we have been able to concentrate on some of these more complex and costly areas of research hitherto un-investigated or under-explored. Four major projects are continuing in 1991/92: broadscale surveys of COTS and their effects on corals along the GBR by the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS); the role of predation in factors influ- encing the survival of small juvenile COTS cultured in the laboratory^ by Dr John Keesing of AIMS; feeding studies on potential fish predators of post-settlement COTS by Dr Hugh Sweatman of James Cook University (JCU); and investigation of factors affecting the repro- duction and larval dispersal and nutrition of COTS by Dr Russ Babcock of AIMS. Less than 10% of the 1991/92 budget has been allocated to new projects. These include: feeding ecology of larval and pre-coral feeding juvenile COTS (Mr Ken Okaji, formerly of the University of the Ryukyus, now at AIMS); the movement of actual starfish outbreaks during the 1980s - unification of the oceanography and biology (Dr Kerry Black of the Victorian Institute of Marine Sciences), testing predictions of reef connectedness using population genetics (Dr John Benzie, AIMS); and an investigation of COTS larval dispersal - field experiments (Dr Kerry Black). The last project will be contracted only if additional funding of around $50,000 can be arranged from other sources. A number of existing projects should be completed this financial year. These include, age determination in COTS (Assoc. Prof. John Lucas and Mr Richard Stump of JCU); impact of COTS on massive corals (Mr Lyndon De Vantier of the University of Queensland and AIMS); modelling to assess the impact of predators on COTS populations (Dr Hamish McCallum, University of Queensland and Dr Roger Bradbury of the National Resource Information Centre) and modelling approach to hydrodynamics and the large-scale larval dispersal of COTS (Marine Modelling Unit, JCU). Thanks to the application of all researchers within the research program we know a great deal more about the biology, ecology and dispersal of the starfish than we did three years ago. Up to February this year there were 718 publications on COTS. As a spin-off from this focus on the starfish, we have also gained considerable insight into many processes and principles operating on the GBR, such as monitoring techniques, larval dispersal, reef connectedness and coral community dynamics. While most reef-lovers will be thrilled with the declining COTS populations (according to AIMS surveys only 4% of surveyed reefs had outbreaks in 1989/90 compared with 16% in the previous year), the shortage of suitably large populations for study within easy access will be a headache for researchers in future years. A short time ago we updated the COTS sighting form. This form was designed so that we could get necessary information on the presence or absence of COTS and status of the corals on a wide range of reefs not included in our formal annual surveys. If you plan to visit the GBR for work or pleasure, please give us a call and we f ll send you some forms (the forms and their postage are free). Reef Research September 1991 Or Brian Lassig Page 7 ...... ! \ v -' if SV'&W l 2-. G*^(W:e<- IN THE -THORNS PROGRAM ■% mi Dr William Gladstone A n overview of the COTS program was given last issue and details of some of the new projects commencing this vear are: B hydrodynamic MODEL TESTING An oceanographic model to explain the spread of crown-of-thoms starfish ( Acanthasier plane:) outbreaks was developed by researchers from James Cook Urn versityCICLj (lan Djghl, Maurice James and Lance Bode) in the currenl crown-of- thoms starfish research program. The so-called 'sink-source' model predicts patterns of connec- tivity among reefs based on larv al transport bv currents. Some of the questions to be addressed are. (1 ) Are some reefs more close] v connected biologically than others? (2) Are sets of closely connected reefs highly or completely isolated from other such ' sets implying they be treated as separate systems, or is there sufficient gene flow implying reasonable biological exchange among such sets to allow them to be treated as one larger system for management purposes? (3) To what extent do present oceanographic processes control the biological relationships among reefs? Some of the predictions of the sink-sourcemodel will be tested by Dr John Benzie of Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS; using esti- mates of gene flow among reefs. Theoretically, the degree of genetic homogeneity among populations on sink and source reefs should be higher than for less well connected populations. Gene frequencies will be estimated from either protein electrophoresis or mitochondrial D.\A (mD.\A). Crown-of-thomsstarfish ha ve proved difficult animals for mDNA techniques so John will use the blue starfish Linckia as a model for crown-of-thoms starfish. Linckia has a similar larval duration and morphology as A. planci and so should be an adequate model. STARFISH LARVAE: IDENTIFICATION AND CAPTURE The ecology of the very early life history of A. planci, from their time as planktonic larvae to settlement, is important in understanding the spread and causes of outbreaks. Progress in this area has been hindered by difficulties in collect- ing larvae or newly settled starfish, and their identification since most starfish larvae look similar. The objectives of Ms Katrina Roper's (Zoology, JCL, in collaboration with Deakin University) Ree’ Kss-earch Decembr? ? ?9: Page 1(‘ 100 PhD research are: (1) to further the cross-screening of existing monoclonal antibodies and to develop more monoclonal antibodies against several species of starfish as a method of identifying the larvae (2) to develop and trial methods of collecting plankton samples in and around reef systems with the aim of obtaining 'wild' asteroid larvae (3) to use the collection devices in conjunction with a specific identification system to study the temporal and spatial dispersal patterns of COTS. in his recent review of the COTS research pro- gram Dr Bob Johannes (CSIRO) highlighted the potential for techniques developed in this project to contribute to many other areas of marine research such as fisheries population biology. THE MOVEMENT OF ACTUAL STARFISH OUTBREAKS DURING THE 1980's - UNIFICATION OF THE OCEANOGRAPHY AND BIOLOGY Dr Kerry Black's (Victorian Institute of Marine Science) research in the COTS research program has been concerned with explaining the spread of outbreaks. He has conducted field experi- ments on circulation around individual reefs and developed validated numerical simulations of circulation, dispersal and retention cells around clusters of reefs. He has also hindcast, using tidal constants, longshore currents in the central GBR for the last 25 years. Kerry is now combining this data with data collected and analyzed by Dr Peter Moran (AIMS) and Mr Glenn De'Ath (JCU) on the locations, intensity, and spread of movement of A. planci outbreaks during the 1980's. The aim of the project is to model the movement of COTS outbreak migration during the 1980's in the Cairns and Central Sections of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park using computer simulations of larval dispersal driven by real winds and currents. ly ASSESSING THE ROLE OF I • DISSOLVED ORGANIC | V MATTER AND BACTERIA IN THE NUTRITION AND ENERGETICS OF Acanthaster planci LARVAE A. planci outbreaks could be the result of mas- sive settlement events following improved lar- val survival. Increased food availability (in the form of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM), bac- teria, or phvtoplankon) resulting from enrich- ment of reef waters bv nitrogen, phosphorus and organic compounds is a possible mecha- nism. The objective of this project is to evaluate the importance of DOM and bacteria as nutritional sources for A. planci larvae. The research will be undertaken by T Avukai (AIMS), O Hoegh- Guldberg (University of Southern California, University of Sydney from 1992) and J Welbom (University of Southern California). They plan to measure DOM uptake, bacterivory and en- ergy requirements of A. planci larvae and ambi- ent levels of DOM and bacteria. The study will be done in five parts: (1 ) DOM uptake by A. planci larv ae (2) Bacterivory by A. planci larvae (3) Energy- requirements of A. planci larvae (4) Cross-shelf variation in DOM levels (5) Cross-shelf variation in bacterial abun- dance PhD research by Mr Ken Okaji (AIMS) on nutri- tion of the early life stages of A. planci is also being funded; details of the project will be given in a future issue of Reef Research. Re r* Reir-J'r'r TC07 n MODIFICATIONS TO THE BULLETIN -CASOPIS NARODNIHO MUZEA PR'AZET” RATO PRfR"0T50VEDNA r ‘: D ATE3TOTHTS5 U t OFTNDIVIDTTAtnRUM- BERS/VOLUMES CXXXVI - CLVII The “Casopis Narodniho muzea” (“Bulletin of the National Museum”) is the oldest Czech scientific periodical, the first volume being is- sued in 1827. Since 1918 it has been divided in- to two series. Historical Sciences and Natural History. The Natural History Series ffada pfi- rodoyidn£”) publishes results of research and activities of the Natural History departments of the National Museum (Mineralogy and pe- trology, Palaeontology, Mycology, Botany, En- tomology, Zoology, Anthropology, Chemical Research Division). (In 1964 these depart- ments were combined to form the Natural His- tory Museum, as a part of the National Mu- seum of Prague.) The Bulletin also publishes special and scientific papers from outside au- thors, provided that the subject is based on or connected with the Museum's collections. From Vol. CLVII1 (incl.) the Bulletin adopts the arrangement common abroad in presenting abstracts, keywords, dates of presentation and issue, addresses of authors, etc. The propor- tion of foreign language content, predominant- ly English, has been greatly increased. Due to technical problems of publication there were, during the la st 25 years irregulari- ties in t he dates of issue of some numbers ~oT ^ Bulletin . The relative numbers, pages and dates of issue of each Volume are given below. Volume Year Number Pages Date of issue CXXXVI 1967 1 1-56 April 1967 2 57-120 June 1967 3 121-168 August 1967 4 169 - 240 November 1967 CXXXVI! 1968 1-2 1-120 April 1969 CXXXVIII 19691 3-4 1-120 September 1970 CXXXIX 1970 J 1-4 1-159 January 1975 CXL 1971 1-2 1-120 December 1971 3-4 121-240 June 1972 Volume Year Number fages Date of issue CXLI 1972 1-2 1-120 December 197] 3-4 121—240 February 1974 CXLil 1973 1-4 1-120 December 1975 CXLIII 1974 1-2 1-52 September 1976 3-4 53-124 June 1977 CXLIV 1975 1-4 1-120 December 1977 CXLV 1976 1 1 -56 April 1977 2 57-120 May 1977 3 121-184 May 1978 4 185-240 June 1978 CXLVI 1977 1-4 1 -232 March 1979 CXLVII 1978 1-4 1 — 147 October 1980 CXLVIII 1979 1 1-68 October 1979 2 69-140 April 1980 3-4 141-240 Oaober 1980 CXLIX 1980 1-2 1-124 June 1981 3-4 125—240 December 1981 CL 1981 1-2 1-120 December 1981 3-4 121—240 April 1982 CL1 1982 1 1 -60 May 1982 2 61 — 120 June 1982 3 121-184 November 1982 4 185—240 February 1983 CLII 1983 1 1-60 May 1983. 2 61 — 120 August 1983 3 121- 180 November 1983 4 181—244 February 1984 CLIII 1984 1 1 -60 June 1984 2 61 — 120 Oaober 1984 3 121-184 December 1985 4 185—240 August 1986 CLIV 1985 1 1-56 August 1986 2 57-116 September 1988 3-4 117-228 March 1989 CLV 1986 1-2 1 -92 June 1989 3-4 93-244 April 1990 CLVI 1987 1-4 1-184 July 1991 CLVII 1988 1-4 1 —228 November 1991 ‘ S ' ea urd "' n *«hs pu/zle sck-niisls txputs Say (lie itffin ihd» in iuh.i n ri ur i». A n Experts say die off in the • ®y® .is allowing a dense proliferation of damaging algae on the coral reefs. ^lettlih of Horlda Keys coral reefs are dv Pn^o/f by (he dozens, but scientists can't say Ln7 he Otndema uiitlllurum. are a fctock soioh 6 , “, 1 S " 0 ' kelt ' l;! wl "> “e long ferei I"" 1 ,he P'" 1 us »‘»" base si, el tered In coiul crevices. i But on Middle Sambo Reef last soilna • trr rnnntnM Ul * d 0,r Mo,e ,hBn 300 could J? r ? " one sec,lon »>■ Ibe reef south Vere lef. ln 5 Vme MarCh ' ^ ° n,y 8 d<, “" L d Th **P!^" ,lc h “ "»»<»e biologists pur &len hsts researching the mass Illness juwinie It Is caused by bacteria or a virus hut the Invader has never been Identified. ’ ' No cor *clatlon has been found between the outbreaks and times of the year, weath- er conditions or leniperalure. and only one kind of urchin Is affected. The first large-scale atluck was reported Of Oceanography In St. Petersburg reef ‘it'o.nt ,h * m8 “ morlf,m >’- ««y one reef, It took no more than four days for »n «», the urchins to die," he said * ma l' ,ler ! he 1983 *Pl« scrap* T^T'ST'''* '***'*' * 8 «» sSSsr&Ma: cloer.n l overgrow ||, e reel •• * ”" k 1,1 11 oh ■ ^ u r HU researchers must ii« tll ,„ lie -PulHr slulure of the nn hi„ v .S' P “ ln urchios hod died off X’re 1 ' V^deVlakT no!**” W,1,! ’" n W,U ' e '-*• bcsreMaWy; T 102 1UJ STARFISH MASS MORTALITY IN THE WHITE SEA C^VJ . att . . . J<14 HO ANSWER TO THE ENIGMA.... GuJa SW tt: 1 5l?S?l,S d6ath ° f SUrfiSh6S in ° Vinskaya o/Jhe J Sss^ anT^rS S irAcld^ d orIirei«s a :fl%°;a?fure OUn ^^ ZST* 1n V thI e inl^ d h the versl0 r 0 VrS r e“ed radiation and piison1nJ h of the ilters In the Inlet by components of the rocket fuel releawi hv thn , er f in December 1989. gut the accounts of old ^residents ^ seem fo be c^nfWH^ n the 50s, containers with yperite were sunk in the Whit! Sea? conf1rmed - in Another group of scientists and specialists arrived from Moscow Prohahiv u e sp!«Ji!! C !?!! ^ d e? raVe1in9 the " ,yStery of this ®«IogicaI disaster which c™s“Lac;/™y™i an,e,! ' 1 - ' ,2,e,,,,v ,j jui > **»• KCKAKtlKAK K3 ilAPTHK CorpYAHHKM MMHcpfino«oflCKorc ropoflcxorc ot* penc Krt Ha napTMMHOj* co&p»hh* mckihohkhm M3 pt> flot KHCC caoero HiKanwHMKe Sr *rrc jifD^ai ctbct nspei *cm«vHMC7a*> K?san»HMt OTjieiu norKOBHKi rocptsonacHortw L If HKUiCL * hat r.h: paccuas&jlr t ropt.cm'. rn:c. l? uoyn:- ToeontMMf CMvmtCww*-. nonorenw e*.. MapvtiffHwt napTMMHo^ mop»- *1.. flOOKBUWCt RWICJICHKr. Any Ht rc npociopHorc RcrrcjDKi, ot nr ocboodsk * npor.Hdc Ktamwpv. oCTaBr.! Tar. OJ 1 HOTC K3 vie nor cenbl A t MOfctfr lor.. *CT06b «npMi:DtfTb» issftMaiHDK ■«*>’£ nrotaiii. no*rj;acM: doswtcubm. rotr.t Mt 6tiirreo6£BUH'j 6t: *>• »bf. Tanor norrynoi pv'woioiir Ttlit Mt WO' BfallBZTr ODOfcptHKIi rionbriKi Row^viir.rTor KrE nr~ anKVTi. He crapufre TosapMuir *> » «»ew) Ht npMBeAi. loraa-Tc » corTonr.oci naprMMKpt co6paKRt. ere cypoBor peuieHw* buno e*nM&> r&acMwr ft«rrop OPHAmAH— « o Apuaeuwcn: T . . . THE SEA STARS ARE DYING’ WHY? it has been recently reported in the press of a mysterious ecolooical Guba S T!iot n h th? Hhlt 2 Sea : S ? rae 40 k" of the south ern coast of Dvinskaya c!!!o!t]!L be e a I? e 2 c ® me , ta 7 of sea stars crabs. The density of * congestions of dead animals has reached 300 specimens per square meter for and 17 specimens for crabs. In the beginning of June, more than 5 dead bodies of seals were found on the shores. An anomalous behavior of some seals was noted: cramps and flabbiness. Similar symptons wer! not!d !om!!h! later also in animals of Kandalakshsky Zaliv Bay. The servi!! 2f nat!« RSFSR^oviet of S £ Wa li a1a^lned • and a special commission of the RSFSR Soviet of Ministers has been established. nf T *!L a ]i r 5 signal c w ? s also received in the Belomar Biological Field Station !!s«l {artesh «il!d e ?! e ?h 0f th ® USS r (J- en ingrad). From there, a research s | i1ed t0 the region of the disaster. Doctor of Biological 1m! iJftii! 1 I Ber9er ’ D ’ r ®ct1on of the Station, reported to Leningrad: a long-lasting storm prevented survey of the shore in the epicenter of the l 1U4 « S i| t ^I , - but 4 he of dead * ea star * washed onto the shore was as thick animals™ ? r * as *_ 'There are no youngsters among the dead animals, the minimal size being 5-6 cm, 10-12 cm on the averaoe r+ possible that starfishes and crabs Inhabiting the depths of sVm along the "ul fS5?*^S d S*o.J«ta^g*J u Si^* ttat " ob “ m the hf,!i! tl TS t f d b £ the *peei«11*ts that over 4 million starfishe cover the sand beach. But nobody knows how many of them are lying on the bottom* the disaste? ed1 Nn°n i ncl i din3 dive " Is expected to reveal the scale of the * disaster. No natural causes of death have been found yet. Hence thev minht foil nil no e ?n y f ? meb ? dy - 1 Wb0 could d0 1t? And what Is the poison? The 9 following Investigation looks very much like a detective story. Sea stars aicn°fftr e r lm i n ^ S> wa * e f» an< * P^nkton were sampled for a thorough analysis* also for fuel components; the samples were transported to Lenlnarad A * reprcsen utlye „f tte north Fleet hes eoef.™ed: ,Jek December 1989 had to pour out about 20 tons of fuel. But the accident took i be ° 3en sea ’ the animals perished In the area reached bv e" vi^ ? l s r ^° ffS / r0ra Arkhan3elsk and Severodvinsk. The concentration of heavy metals in water samples appeared to be normal. What other cause can be involved? Pesticides, DDT, or other hazardous organic compounds? The analylsis may give the answer but will not help anyway... In this connection, I recollect my meeting seveveral years ago Orest Scarlato, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Director of the Zoological Institute In Leningrad. He spoke about the prospects of the development of mariculture in the White Sea. The Zoological Institute provided scientific support In restoration of supplies of the well- known White Sea herring and In establishment of trout farms. The first plantations of mussels, the edible bivalve molluscs, were then also laid. Nearly 200 tons of mussels are harvested now every fourth year from one hectare of the experimental plantation, this amount giving no less than 20 tons of delicious seafood. Scarlato Is a scientific leader of the project of the State Committee for Science and Technology "The White Sea", aimed at obtaining maximum volume of useful biological product from the ocean. Although nobody had ever made an attempt to culture mussels In such a severe environment, Dr. Scarlato noted the waters of the White Sea were fortunately clear, and secondly, shallow waters where molluscs grow are well heated In summer while tide and wave action provides planton, the food supply for mussel culture. Evidently the northern winter, which covers the water with Ice, makes certain problems, but specialists of the Institute have succeeded in culturing mussles even under the ice. But there occurred the ecological accident. Should It drastically change the optimistic plans? Dr. Scarlato shrugged his shoulders: "I can repeat even now that the White Sea Is the only relatively clean sea In the European part of the country. It Is the first time that we have come across an 'experiment* of poisoning sea Inhabitants and we are able to observe nolens volens the consequence of this poisoning. Starfish (and crabs also) are predators and annihilate many valuable molluscs, including also the cultured mussels. But It Is reported that forcible annihilation of starfish within marine communities results In serious changes of the entire biocoenosls. Fortunately, there are no mussel plantations In Dvlnskaya Guba Inlet. But we are about to establish plantations all along the coasts. Without clean waters, mariculture Is Impossible. Therefore, we need a strict control of all potential sources of pollution and Improved work of runoff-cl earing system on large works". 1U3 We do our best for the protection of sea waters*, adds the Sclentlfir Secretary of the project ‘The White Sea*, Candidate of Biological Sciences Valentina Kulachkova. *We have a steady contact with reoresentaH«»r«r C ?k Northern Fleet and the sea oil-transport service. But It Is evident that our the Whlte a SM U ?«‘ 1 hfrfi! fUl 'H a Sp u Cla1 governmental decree on conservation of the White Sea Is badly needed. We are trying to prepare a project of the conservation decree by this autumn to submit to the SupremeSovlet of the Arkady Sosnov, special correspondent. *Po1sk*. 1990. No. 26*8 communicated by V. Kasyanov. nOflPOBHOCTM AHfl .flOMCKA. I t npecot y»e ooo 6 manoc» e M'M^or »vonpH»«ec«o» Mf CTp o^r mi benau Mope. B«or» bvmoto taper* Aiwctnr f »n«t mb nponuHmNv mono 40 06 h*T>'**MO ^KAUOMOe* M uyu o o IKU v n*errM 0 CTv n ora 6 uvu »C3| *ocnraeT 300 ooo6w mi raMpmU mct^ *»6o* * 17. B wwtt mm m 6eper>- ncMmiMOb ryum mbptvmx renaneS - ke w i^ b h o p m mb 50. OTMewHo •"OManvnoe nowewe w exo Top b g mnenefc cyjwpom, pwocn. f^p w i bwuot- mmt c Manorn »M i i >i cmimouAuv naOf^MiMc^ nocne »toto v • rmmmnw moo sumac. Henorv fetm ncyperTv f^n«ooxpa**fcK eiry*6M ApONnuMn, O01APM8 cnetpttiMV rommocbn Copmmhb PCOCT_ Cn-ner rpeaor* nocTynxr ¥ He benoMoocxyx; 6*ocraHUMio 3oonorv- iec*o*o MHCTPTyTs AH CCCP. Orryae e pa* oh rv&em* jxvBOTHbo HanpaBH- noc* HayvHO-MCcneeoeaTenbCKoc cyflHr r KarTeu*. 3aeejiyiouiHP ctsm- u*er porTop 6*ionornMecKHy nayr. B**»toc teprep coo6tu«r e /teHM* rpac aarewMoS oiTopw noMetuar pf>merppeTk noOepcxtb* r annuempe 6r«b:. ho ¥ mb ee r nepn(pepKK' cnoP Bb'tpou^HHbix aaeaA eociaannei 11 caHTHMerpoe. .Cpe;n saeai nparrv- •teCKt' He* MonOflK, MHHMMBnbHMV DeaMer - 5-6, a a cpeflHcw -10-12 ceHTHMcipoe XlyMaeTce, SBeaab a Kpa5b\ ofiMTanuiMe Bjonb 6epera hb rny6MMax 5-10 Meipoe, no; ennaHM- eo itaKpP To „xhmmh" TepffKT a»ane HOCU V, M0WPT 6b*Tt, HaprCTH3Hpyxj7* cr. Seesab:. yrp2TMt cnoco6H0CTt np«sacbiB8TbCft, •tfOpacwuoTca npH&oew hb 6 epe'. CNenb nojoap*- Tem>Ho, vrc bto nponcxojprr bo anyr- pe«Hnx sonar JIbmhckoto safiHsa-* Bcerc. no oueKxau cneimamtcroB, Conee * MannHOMOp sees; ycnmaen necsBHwP 6 eper. Ho ewe navaaeci- ho, caonbxc lie von ne jine, - awnc- HHTb bto npejiCTori cne/iyiowe* -axcr»eaHu«v. • cociaa* aoiopof Cynyr bxb a na whctm. EcTeCTaeHMbrx npHMHH rnOenn xotBPTHbrx He yeTaHOe- neno. 3 hbwt, kto-to oTpaBur hx. Kto p ilanbHeHufee paocneflosa- HHe HanoMHHaei neTemtB. Rpo 6 bf neju rpyma, bojw. nnawrroHS 6 wrm nepeaaHbi a ReHHHi-paA jpie anajmaa, a tom BMcne * na coaepmaHne BOMTOHeHipr TpnnHBa. npeacTa- Bt'Tent Cesepnoro ^>noTa noaraep- M*r.\ a aexe^pe npoujnpro roaa b •sapwHot OHTyatiHM aTOMHa c no;- aoau aMMy^aene 6 btne cmrrb oaonc 2C tohh tonimae. Ho sto cnysanocb B OTKPMTO^ BBCTH Mppfl A aWBOTHblt norH6n*> e tom Mecre, ayaa Aoxna jiocraBnaeT* crpo rpejinpmTM^ ApxaHreBbcae a CeHepoa***HGae- KotfuftHTpaux* TajuaabOL McTannoe b npo6ax ao;y oaaaaAace b nopwe. Hto ocraeTca? OecTHunaw. aye Tk^ •w Bpeanae opnaHwca’ BepwTHo, •HaiWBbi noaawyr, ho b aoHue ao^- uob ot stoto we »e<-ae-_ Homw. aar HecaoiibKs i»et Kaaaz jha>etfTor 3oonon«ipcHoro HHCTrry tb an c H ao ppe c MpHj^HT AH CGCF Opeci CaapfiBTo j^mmee co mhm nnaHBM*- mhxtm MamKVftjypw na &enoM a* ope. fio; Kayrnuu pyacr BOeCTBOM ere HHCTHTyTf HiMBBOCb BOccTBHOBne**»e sanacoe snaMeHH Toft OenoMopcaofi oeiH>j|w a oojAawwe 4 *openeBbtx jcosaitcTa, 6umv aaitoa^ Hfc* nepBbie rutaHrauMr jteycTBopse TWX Monmocaoc - MHJIMH. C Kaagioro rerrapa onbrn«bnt hitaHTauHii paa a «*eTwpe ro*e chmusiot jjo 200 tohh CB eacea MHjtn-, a »to ne Menee 20 tohh jiemmaTKHOro nwca. Caapnaro - KayyHbiH pyaoeoaHTenb npoexie no-P ,heno< MOpr*. oen* acTopcrc - noryxaT* c rt»ryf>ot hub a ibk> aryx nonesMo* BHOno^eraecaof 1 npo- HyauH*. npBBaa. a cion* cypOHbfx y cf »oe»* D HHTTo etae MaaHb ne attpe- Bu*Har., «*c. BOHnepBbtx o 6 ^ohbp O peci AnexcaHjipoeH*. »oae a benoM Mope BocTaTcnmo ihctm (’). Bo-bto- pbfx. MBUKOBOablt. r#» 06HTtCT Monmocaa, aeTOM npo-peB a wTca, a aepexynuHeoe npanMab’ a pTimab' e6ecneHMaaa>i nocToanHoe nonoime- •ate aopMOBof Basb* mh;h; - nnaHx- TOH&. Kohomho, oeaepnae pMMe, caOBMaamuA" MCBaTOpmc- nejianaiM TOHuapeM. npHHo c HT hcmbtio npoCncw. BO onauHanMpTM 3HHa KayNMitMOb BMpauiHB8T> Mimin' h noao «b;OM y, bot - aaoiKriHMcaoe STL He npapeTca m Tenept a aopne moh^i t a tv paxynwHe nnaHw? ypenbiv hmujl pasaen pyitaMK. - fl a oe^iac moit noeTopuTb, hto Benoe Mope - nocne; net ow CHTenbHO vvcToe Mope e eaponencxot jiacTv crpaHbt. Bnepewe rromewye nmcb c no;o6HUM ^BKcnepuMCHT om * no oTpaBnenvir e r o o6HTaienefi, mk noneBone jionvcHb 1 6yaew Ha6n*o;eib nocneacTBMX. 3ae3aa (ear a «pa6b^ - jcmiiMHK. noeaaci mho^o ueMHoro Monntocxe, a tom wene mhahh. ROTOpbfX MM paTBOJIMM.. Ho. HO HHTO- parypHbiM asHHbiM. ecm* vj coof> lUeCTBB VCHBOTHblX HaCHflbCTBCHHO H3b"Tt aaeMy, npOHC*o*«T cepbea- Hbie HaMeHeMMA bo aoeM fcnoueHoae Y. CHBCTblC, B ZlBHHCKOM BaOMBe MHaMesux nnamauMfc nei. Ho mm- to peat HBMepeHM pacnonovnm nnan Teuwr Monmocxoe a pbi6oao;HMf xoshmctbs BAont poero no6epe*o*#i. A 6es bhctoK BOaM MBpHrynbTypw 6tn> ne mo just. noaTOMy h&jjo BJ^it no; CTpow » wumv vompom noTen- OiianbHMe bctoshhxv sa-pajHeMHn, Hanajrrb pa5ory cantcTHbix coopyate- bmv npeirjK aoero Ha apynHbrx npeji- npHrmffx. - Mm penaeM ace, lum ■ context, a classification table to rerve as a brief taxonomic mdex to the group, toe annotated list and a bibliography An overall mteoduction gives toe background and rationale of the project, and toe entire cKrit - over 12100 entries - is included m one alphabetic index. ’ pbe need for such a reference list had been seen for some time, particularly with the current vohl T” •' CO T' er ' n,e Species D * rect °D. therefore, brings together into one revisicL a ld^ ( kf >arate k teof B"tish marine SptCieS ' “ lcor P ora hng recent literature, taxonomic revisions and records from individuals. It aims to standardise toe nomenclature as far as possible. toe^Tv ^ De Z ^ “P date, by toe very nature of the subject. This means that toe present version must be considered provisional. An initial 120 copies were produced half of T* 1 ? to ^ Wh ° ^ ^ "-^copies weremadeavadaWe torough toe Marine Conservation Society at £25.00 each. These were all quickly snapped up and this ersjon is no longer available. A major revision is presently underway in consultation with °* e , r Users A of <*“ P™*? version. In this revised edition it is hoped to mcorporate version • f rectify’ errors which have come to light since toe original publication. The new I™™ ,“ dUe ^P“ 0n " '" 2 - “ dwiUbe w idely available in two »ZL (1, toe annotati^ prmted list, and (2) toe computer coded version on 3.5 and 5.25 inch floppy h;~-„ Re quest for assistance L Realisrng that toe field of taxonomy and synonymy is in a state of continual change, I hope to «sure. nevertheless, that toe revised ’Species Directoiy* wiU be as up to date as possible.^ However fieTdTTwoSd f kT 011 " y °r?r to k6eP traCl ° f *" *** ta * onomic literature across so rn^ty fidds. I would, therefore, be very grateful for help, such as letting me know of taxonomic revisions sp 7 ,es "y° ur *»*. eitbCT by sending actual reprints or references enabling me to toe publication. In addition, any recomendations from users on how the present directoiy mi.M be improved or made more useful would be much appreciated. All help will befidly acknowkdgjh 2. If there is anyone out there who would like to contribute to toe project by compiling, .wn.. or commenting on particular lists, especially ones not yet included, please contactmeas soon as poLhle: IDSL'S - "f 1 <»■» m AILSA’S SECTION I « tar J? d s section a number of years ago when Ailsa Clark wrote me after the first issue I edited appeared. She wrote that the newsletter was all very nice and informative, but rather dull. "Not a recipe for sea-urchin eggs or anything". She was quite right, as usual. Thus Ailsa’s section is designed to present that other aspect of echinoderm studies. ECHINODERMS IN PAINTING "Ceres und die vier Elemente" H. Van Balen (1575-1532) and J.Brueheld. (1568-1625). The Vienna Museum of Art. (shows asteroids) ECHINODERMS IN LITERATURE "Once at the beach I saw Maoris eating sea eggs raw." Bruce Stewart. 1989 Tama and other stories . IlL h ?- en,t .? ot ?, hank >* ’ she said i ’I want one badly, too’. Rags dipped tnif+h S S ?2 1or blouse and brought up a very wet-looking one, knotted together. Be very careful, | he warned her. ’Only use that corner. Don’t undo it. I ye got a little starfish inside I’m going to tame*." Katherine Mansfield. 1922. At the Bav . P arty balloon. She began to breath more noisily cnrf^n h ? r nose i t n6 sh ? stirred in the chair. Her eyes dulled like the surface of a pond beneath a breeze, and her shoulders settled. Her S t£ n WaS ?° r a !?? ment sur P rised « she felt the change spreading from he^elf she n begln P t^ry ei; ha " dS Spread out like a starfish ’ and des P^e Owen Marshall. 1982. The day Heminowav died . "Because I had never stopped to think that man, a creature obviously less rudimentary in structure than the sea-urchin or even the whale, is Hn.fki e1ess stl11 un P r0Vlded a certain number of essential organs, and notably posses none that will serve for kissing." White) USt Qerpiantis Wey , tr. C.K. Scott Montcrief. (in the thesis of M. "The menu, based on oysters and lobsters in general, has already been !H a «nfn b >. Ge J eviave " a " d the wines too — by telephone. The sea urchins 2 2 d 10 of our e y es by two waiters and I am a little absent- minded because embarrassed: Genevieve inspires in me fear and reverance." Aldo Bussi . 1988. Seminar on Vnuth ECHINODERMS IN POETRY Justement l’heure sonnait onze cinq brasses sous la surface perches mules sargues passent avec d’enormes ouies et courtes queues troussees en poupe En montant j’al rencontre des eponges des etoiles de mer . et de freles anemones taclturnes et plus haut vers 1 oree lippue de l’eau des patelles couleur d’eglantines from: Odysseus Elytis by Adion Esti. Translated from the Greek by Xavier Bordes and Robert Languenalli. Spindrift On this tree thrown up From the sea, its tangle of roots Letting the wind go through, I sit Looking down the beach: old Horseshoe crabs, broken skates, Sand dollars, sea horses, as though Only primeval creatures get destroyed. At chunks of sea-mud still quivering, At the light as it glints off the water And the billion facets of the sand, At the soft, mystical shine the wind Blows over the dunes as they creep. From: Kinnell, Galway. 1964. Flower Herding on Mount Monadnock. Daybreak On the tidal mud, just before sunset, dozens of starfishes were creeping. It was as though the mud were a sky and enormous, imperfect stars moved across it as slowly as the actual stars corss heaven. All at once they stopped, and as if they had simply increased their receptivity to gravity they sank down into the mud; they faded down into it and lay still; and by the time pink of sunset broke across them they were as invisible as the true stars at daybreak. From: Kinnell, Galway. 1980. Mortal Acts, Mortal Words. '■tI Pablo Neruda AN^c. CZ_ i u i od \ . * > .- -vf :yy .•* r-V^v*-. •>.'•'-> «\l. * v •. Ill * f ERIZO El Erizo es el sol del mar, centrifugo y anaranjado, lleno de puas como llamas hecho de huevos y de yodo. El Erizo es como el mundo: redondo, fragil, escondido- numedo, secreto y hostil: el Erizo es como el amor. I ESTRELLAS Cuando en el cielo las estrellas desestiman el firmamento y se van a dormir de dia, las estrellas de agua saludan al cielo enterrado en el mar inaugurando los deberes del nuevo cielo submarino. SOL DE MAR Yo encontre en Isla Negra un dia un sol acostado en la arena, un sol centrifugo y central cubierto de dedos de oro y ventosas como alflleres. Recogi el sol enarenado y levantandolo a la luz lo compare con el del cielo. I No se miraron ni se vieron. / 5£A KKCH |a/ 114 THE SEA OtRcftfM IS THE Suai oF THE SEA CEMTRiFu 6,A(_ A-a ix> DRAM^f. FULL 0 F Sf.NEs L)kca FL/ht4ESf MM>£ OF £&£|S A M75 OF lOt.A/e . TH-E SEA URcHiM is UkE THE vuoRLb ; T^)Ua/ 1>, FRAGILE } ttWEA/ . rvioiST ( SEctfeTmE A*Jb Hostile : THE SEA mRcHia) is LUt LDv'E. SEA STARS WHEM |M THE SKY STARS 1>1SRE6,ARP the Fi RAtA-w/tEA/T An)T> retire to sleep at ■pfit'i I The STARS of the SEA SjREET THE S K.y RwRiEfc irJ THE SEA UWVEIL.a,^ THE U^rnES the fjEi*/ submarine sky SUM OF SEA X fommj) |aj xslA meg,RA ome j>h>/ A Sm/J LAKi a/6^ Da1 THE S Aa/2> i A CEWTRipyfi^L A#0t> CEajTRAL St4N COifEREp ujitH FIM6.ERS Op 6,OUb Aa)> TMBE. FEET LIKE MEEOLES . X PICKED u? THE SAWfc-COx/eREb SuA / AMU LlFTlMfr, ,T TO THE L( 6, HT X COMTAREb |T v\/rTH THE OME | aJ THE SKy, THEY iJElTHER LOOK. fdOR SAW EAO+ OTHER , TKAMSLATIOlJ : ROBERTO LLAtJSo HOPKINS NARINE STATION Centennial Year Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford Universitv wac in 1000 > celebrating the event 29-30 August 1992 Fo? InfoSX l "“L" 1 ,” be Denny: (408) 655-6207. 3 h0r infonnatlon » telephone Mark VIVIPARARITY AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION sxrK-' T - sar- THE BIOLOGICAL STATIONS OF EUROPE C.A. Kofoid. 1910. Bull. U.S. Bureau of Education, No. 4. IrSf!-*" honorarium 50 franis ll'fJa'&S {.“Ko^ttSlng tho 2S.-S2" SHiST* ° f "* • «od cotter of 18 B,0,os1ea, "«'«■ » f «*'»>'«- echlnodenas.?." 0 ** 0 " “* 6 “' f of Practically all the hydroids and echinoderms known in Norwegian waters are found in Trondhejem fiord." "The dredge (of the Biological Station of the University of Christiania) brings up an abundant fauna of echinoderms, Asterias, Spatangus, Echinus, Strongylocentrotus, holothurians, and Antedon." "The great extent of the littoral zone (of the Swedish Narine Zoological Station at Krlsteneberg)... brings up a relatively large proportion of larval forms of echinoderms. . .into the plankton. Some idea of the richness of the fauna can be gathered from the fact that about forty species of echindoerms, eleven holothurians, one crinoid, twelve starfishes, eight serpent stars, and nine sea urchins are found in the Kristeneberg area." THE COMMESTIBLE ECH I NODERM PREHISTORIC HUMAN CONSUMPTION OF SEA URCHINS IN THE CARIBBEAN Steiniger, F.F. 1986. Erste Ergebnisse uber Untersuchungen zu Ernahrungsstrategien des Arawaken-Siedlungsplatzes Pointe der Caille, NNW Vieus Fort, St. Lucia, West Indies. First results of researches on nutrition strategies at the Arawak Settlement at Pointe de Caille, NNW Vieux Fort, St. Luicia, West Indies. Mitteilungen der Prahistorischen Kommission der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. vol. 23. (Results of the Austrian excavations concerning the nutrition of the Arawak settlement) "Echinozoa (Seeigel) In samtlichen Proben treten Panzerreste, Kieferreste und Stacheln auf, wahrend solche Reste bei den archaologischen Grabungsarbeiten nicht gefunden wurden. All e Reste konnen auf sogenannte ’regulare* Seeigel bezogen werden. Eine nahere Bearbeitung steht noch aus. Echinozoa (sea-urchins! Parts of the shell, jaws and spines are frequent in all samples, they have been not collected during archeological work. All remains come from ’regular* sea-urchins, they are not worked on now." «1Xcv4 Fori Ralls and Sea-Cacombers Cantonese dish to serve 12 500g pre-conditioned sea cucumber 3 cups oil for frying 1 tbsp cornstarch 2 stalks green onion 2 slices ginger root 1 tbsp rice wine 5 cups water 1/2 tsp salt 1/4 tsp MSG 1 /2 egg 1 tbsp cornstarch 250g chopped pork I tbsp rice wine 1 tbsp water 1 tbsp black bean paste 1/2 tbsp chopped garlic 1 tbsp oyster sauce 1/2 tsp MSG 1 tsp sugar 1 tsp sesame oil 1 /4 tsp black pepper 1 cup stock Cut sea cucumbers into small pieces and cook for 5 minutes in onion, ginger, wine and water. Drain and discard liquid Mix pork with egg salt. MSG and cornstarch. Roll into 14 balls and deep fry over medium heat for 2 minutes. Remove and drain Heat pan and 3 tbsp of oil and stir-fry bean paste and garlic, add 1 tbsp of wine and oyster sauce, stock and spices and bring to a boil. Add sea cucumbers and pork balls and simmer until sauce nearly dry (about 10 minutes), add cornstarch and 1 tbsp of oil to thicken and toss ingredients to cover in sauce. Remove and serve. Without a permit it is not legal to collect holothurians from marine parks, however, bdche-de-mer may be available through some eastern food outlets The dried skin of selected species (notably Actinopysc spp.. Holothuno (Microthele) nobilis and Thelenoic ananas) may be pickled or added to soups and stews. It has a very high protein content and is much prized in some areas of Asia, especially China. The reasons the Chinese favour these animals may relate to their enthusiasm for aphrodisiacs - certainly some holothurians are quite phallic and the habit of some to extrude white cuvierian tubules adds to the image. The preparation of sea cucumbers for sale is arduous. Firstly, the fresh animal is washed well and boiled: the larger ones are split open and the guts removed, smaller ones are treated whole. It may then be immersed in sand for two nights after which it is brushed firmly to remove sand and the outer skin layer. Boiling water is then poured over it prior to drying it over a fire. The purchased dry sea cucumber must be pre-conditioned before cooking i Cover with cold water and soak for 12 hours. ii Simmer for 1-2 hours; ensure always covered with water iii Cool to room temperature and drain. Slit open and remove guts if necessary. This procedure may be repeated several times to ensure the animals are thoroughly cleaned iv Finally soak for 1-2 hours immediately prior to cooking as they must be soft and swollen. iitt °SU : 3iinoD3saiOd 0 02 L J3H SOtOd ( J Wep su/ SJ n aps/nao) SNISMOao HViaw^ OSU1HEW3/W 03nvh 0 (s66 3 uuA»n-c©s) «WWONIHOu|Vv^ lit* IN THE PAST 100 year* .nn f 1f>o ? ) £?5J l iS}jfl c S r r ord - ‘tm i nc0Bplete Of Ms sight. He h.s not rSed In tKe fo %,S , 2{ 1on * l or «• benefU of which nust therefore be given in thlnext vJl2,IJ of our 0 R«ort?.?- mp1et10n er 2S!lT*Soc5 , ’lJ?* rel * t1ons of Amer1c * n end European echinoid fauna. Bull. Loven, S. Echinologica. Bih. Sv. Ak. Handl. 18 (4), No. 1, i-; 4 . 9 k — — j rf;; f ,b * * r *»»»* *n~ *• J TT 1J1B r,.„K * nr,„ rtr , E , Wvtllill , *• i iGarjf- «>»< ..... HM.1 «r«t» In this ophlurotd. «. aSS.’* SgvPhtV-flve vear< » n r. f]Q|7] Harvard Col 1 . a 46* n 8*-283! her Pacific Echim * No. 2. Hem. Hus. Comp. Zool. r 5W er ’ W ’ J - Mult1 PH«tion by fission in holothurians. Am. Nat. 51, 560- Yl a SSj-. / -rd. t. or;ii ,^ d Naja G VO-2lcv- l IZi) r. Doederlein, L. Die Asteriden der Siboga-Expedition. I. Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammergeschichte. Koehler, R. Echinodermes (asteries, ophiures et echinides) recueillis par H. Rail ier du Baty, aux iles de Kerguelen en 1913-1914. Anns. Inst. Oceanogr. 7, 1-88. y Lillie, R.S. The conditions determining the rate of entrance of water into fertilized and unfertilized egg cells. Am. J. Physiol. 43, 43-57. Matsumoto, H. A monograph of Japanese Ophiuroidea, arranged according to a new classification. Tokyo J. Coll. Sci. Univ. 38, 1-408. Medes, G. A study of the causes and the extent of variations in the larvae of Arbacia punctulata. J. Morph. 30, 317-342. £lftv Years ago (19421 Cooke, C.W. Coenozoic irregular echinoids of the eastern United States. J. Paleontol. 16, 1-62. Harvey, E.B. Maternal inheritance in echinoderm embryos. J. Exp. Zool. 91, 2113-226. Reese, A.M. The old starfish-clam question. Science. 96, 513-515. Tyler, A. Developmental processes and energetics. Q. Rev. Biol. 17, 197-212. Twenty-five years aoo (19671 Brachet,J., G. Steinert. Synthesis of macromolecules and maturation of starfish oocytes. Nature. 162, 1314-1315. Bougis, P. Utilization des pluteus en ecologie experimental e. Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 15, 59-68. Clark, A.H., A.M. Clark. A monograph of the existing crinoids. 1. The Comatulids. 5. Bull. U.S. Natl . Mus, 82(1)5. Cobb, J.L.S. The fine structure of the pedicellariae of Echinus esculentus (L.). II. The sensory system. J. Roy. Microsc. Soc. 88, 223-233. Fin. 1. Diagrammatic representation nf the general epithelium of a pcdicellaria of f-fhtnm. The cells arc covered cxternaHv with microvilli fmvi and these at one point form a circle round a single motile cilium . T he ecu'; are joined by a wide drsmocnnni 7onc 'ds\ The cytoplasmic contents of each cell include golgi bodies 'g'*", glycogen granules 'g\ cndoplasmk reticulum lert. mitochondria fm), and various vesicles and vacuoles fv). There is a large nucleus 3 PJJ -" J’-ysssfiJ «« S t jgkle , Will i am (Dept, of Zoology* Louisiana State Univ.): My fascination with the echinoderms began in 1966 when, as a M.S. student, I travelled to Seattle to present a paper at the American Malacological Union, Pacific Division and we took a field trip to lower Puget Sound where I was impressed with the species diversity and bright coloration of the intertidal echinoderms. My curiosity about the physiological adaptations of echinoderms was whetted a year later when I took part in an Oceanography Institute program at the University of Alaska’s marine laboratory on Douglas Island which was located near Juneau. I was puzzled at the euryhalinity of a number of intertidal species of sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, and sea cucumbers when exposed to the freshwater lens which develops in coastal areas receiving freshwater input from melting glaciers during the summer months. Echinoderms were and are considered to be very stenohaline but the species observed in the vicinity of Juneau had not read that book! My education in the lessons taught about the role of echinoderms in the biological world matured when I spent a year at the Friday Harbor Laboratories and learned much about their natural history. I remain in awe of echinoderms some 25 years after my introduction to their beauty, diversity, and hidden secrets. Jommasi , Luiz Roberto (Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo): I began to work with echinoderms because they are one of the most exotic, extraterrestrial group of marine invertebrates. Because of its fantastic geological history. And because not only in the sky we can find stars. yanaqisawa , Tomio (Saitama Medical School, Japan): A short abstract (in Japanese) issued in Japan shortly before 1945 of Lindahl’s work (1940) on the animal izat ion of sea-urchin embryos by Li+-treatment evoked my first interest in echi noderm embryology. Amphibian metamorphosis was my first subject, but s * ar * doctoral thesis, my early emotion to echinoderm embryology ana the reports on the nature of phosphate compounds in sea-urchin eggs by Vfhiteley (1949) and by Chambers (1953) led me to study the phosphagen- phosphagen kinase systems in gametes of sea urchins and starfish, i) The study elucidated the differential distributions of APK and CPK systems in echinoderm eggs and sperm (J. Fac. Sci., Univ. Tokyo, IV. 8, 473, 481, 1959). Other early works were ii) studies on the acid-soluble nucleotides in sea- urchin eggs (in collaboration with Dr. N. Isono), in which we demonstrated the changes in the amounts of ATP and other nucleotides during development and the presence of UDP-sugar compounds (see Embryologia, 9, 184, 1966), and ill) studies on the flagellar movement of sea urchin sperm (in collaboration with Dr. H. Mohn) , in which we elucidated the essential role of GTP bound to the microtubule protein and named the GTP-binding protein as "TUBULIN" (Exp. Cell Res. 52, 86, 1968). These early works opened the way for me to study the comparative biology of echinoderms. CR£AT 1KVERTEBRATE Z00U ^ 1S l S - “»»« HKKRimx HYMAN (1**8-1969) (by Judith Vlnston) zoology class ve naturally learned of u i ™ U “ first. In Invertebrate ■But,* confided the pJessor ^ “ aaCi “ the Invertebrates, studying invertebrates turned you IntTf aon^t^r 8 T*. H1S W ° rdS were lightening. If stopped at the University librae t o fln d 2TiU«t£2S bio. T ^ £ ° aWi “ h fialds 1 to discover the professor was wring the face on tk. „? d blo g r »Phy. It was a great relief too vide set. the nose and cheekbones , little dUto^d TVlS* 11 * ““ MVera - «*“ returned to studying invertebrates, eventually .JImm ?; rk £“ £ * U ' Resssured ' I at the American Museum of Natural History ii^ New v **** ?®P* rt “* n t of Invertebrates spent the latter part of her csreer and ^e .b Ver ? P la « »*>«« Libble files I discovered additional portraits and r COB P os * d her treatise. In departnent Libble Hynan was born in Des Hoines Tot. ^n “V"*/" 6 in «=he «tory of her life, daughter of Jewish immigrant parents Her 6 ' 1888 ’ thlrd child and only Germany; her considerably older father Joseph ' S *^ ina " tUMIm VBS from Stettin, childhood was spent in Fort Dodge, Iowa 'where her f.rh’ Konin ' Poland Most of her was strict and undemonstrative. Her father was self Id * r h £ lothing store * Her mother contained several books , including Shakespeare but Bcholarl y: their home strong interest in natural history especially hot D1 k ? ns ' Rrom childhood on Libble had a parents, who saw her role primarily- « IssistLt r ^ ^ WaE TOt «"Cour.ged bv her care of her brothers. My favorite portrait shows Ln,hT “° th " in household tasks and the or 7, dressed in ruffled Victorian style he^ darkh^ir T * b . rl * ht -*y ed *chool girl of 6 on cheek she gazes pensively into the dis't.nce ^ i took aTher T ‘ £iff rin * lets «“ d young daughter, but also that, in a scientific sense it is I ^ LT r “ irid f d of own us invertebrate zoologists are her descendants although i. IT J)" dau ® hter ' AU ° { After graduating as valedictorian of her hi«ph i h * d no childre n of her own. m a factory, passing labels on oaTsefl^" l^^iT J # °U “t 1 * t °° k * J° b neet a former high school teacher, Mary Crawford who t-TaT 8 ** 1906 * he happened to available at the University of Chicaeo Thanks rn h bar tuition scholarships later. Libble entered that unive^uT Sh^T^L n her teacher's efforts, a few weeks Libbie blossomed, taking a variety- of sclent- R * r " Be J obs Co pay room and board, restrictive family. Pursuit of her first love * h “ urs * s and a "joying freedom from her harassment doled out by a lab assistant ie Vooi L ”* diBcoura g ad by anti-.eaitic to make a career in zoology. She achieved her bachelnr' P artDen< j ■ however, encouraged her professor Charles Manning Child , recleved her Ph D in* mT'a* 1 " 1910 and - workln * under supported herself with teaching assistantships . ' graduate student, she clasped behind t her”h!ad! ,V fulT oTjTy' be7J«*Tnd ener^i 1 " 8 ' flU " E b * Ck “ d hands Chat time had a profound effect on^/he rest^o'f her Tiffin ^IPOrh^T:*,”^ 1 " 8 dUrl " E nether and brothers moved to Chicago She was one. nr 1 19 J ' b r Cher died and her household slave, receiving nothT^t^UioTf.rSIr^r., V/T ** ^ ^ * *• bungled sinus operation in 1916 , which impaired W w !' “if aecond « vent was a Tlhh 8ly ne ® atl v* effect on her looks h * alth and over time had an very difficult for ^'loman^to^find* ’f antad “ aca ».Y. . about 35 regretted the time' spent on her earden and r P * SS1 ° n *° T 6 ardenin S- Though she later most productive periods of her life cv, commuting, that was one of the happiest and during that tiL^fL the retirement t m? oT^ /' < publiahad in 1951) Roy Waldo Miner, who by .11 accounts was hostile Invertebrates chairman. =■ - - i^iSsrs: ? the *library and ^her^ chief even rude She was inroatient uirK .• - t ^ er at t * le Museum found her brusque, having knowledge relevant to the vo"!T“T progrefs Tn ^b ^ talk “ lth “>«»» typ H« rl -v * r- 'ZSL - ^ students^t^II'of^IsIjmeone 6 enthus^Vt\ e SU ^ie^pf f ^ b « ^ To^Tr once, who was pleasedTnd exceed bvlivl/ ' tC> be ‘veryvhere in lab at show her relaxed and Lung ^ Pi “ ures take " b y the shore «us^£ e-o^ed X 1l “ s ^ra -^^e H?- r ^"-5 She -essentially' a'^'l r^U^o^lIIt'^n^ organ^e l *m«eVi *’/*?* 1 °/"^ bb * 0 “ a ^®°°^“^° pe ®' ,t ^'®"E“Sges .“d invertebrate phvlogeny her work sllll nlm-illl f "T chan£cs in our thinking about Q . W £ te j, Thi f. br * ef history is based on her own autobiography in department files Horae* 1ST V szsz .““.“d rr,^.t. si 131 Michael Sars and the naturalist tradition in Norway Michael Sars was born in Bergen, Norway in 1809. He studied natural history and theology at Royal Frederic 's University in Christiania (these days University of Oslo) from 1823 and completed a degree in theology in 1828. For the next several years he taught at a number of different schools, both high schools and primary schools, first in Christiania, then in Bergen in 1830-31. In 1831 he was appointed vicar to Kinn on the Norwegian west coast; eight years later he transferred to Manger, just north of Bergen. Finally, in 1854 he was named extraordinary professor of zoology at the University where he remained for the rest of his life. He died in 1869. He married Maren Welhaven in 1831 and had 7 daughters and 7 sons. I first want to place Michael Sars into the history of Norway. The "double-monarchy 11 with Denmark was terminated in 1814 and Norway more or less donated to Sweden by the great European powers (Austria, Russia and England) as a reward for Sweden being on the winning side in the Napoleonic wars. During the Spring of 1814 the Norwegians formed a National Assembly which wrote a Constitution and appointed a separate King. Needless to say, this complicated the negotiations between Norway, Sweden and the great powers. As a result, Norway managed to negotiate a rather loose Union with Sweden, retaining its Constitution, Parliament and in part, a separate set of ministers. Parenthetically, the necessary infra-structure to run Norway as a separate country was not present so the Union with Sweden, in hindsight, was probably a blessing. Several Norwegian vicars trained at the University in Copenhagen during the Enlightenment period (mid - late 1700's) wrote descriptions of one district after another of their country. Most of these descriptions are not usable as scientific articles, but they definitely formed a solid background of information available to the next generation of naturalists. An Academy had been started in Trondhjem by Bishop Gunnerus (famous as the discoverer of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus ) . Through interaction between Gunnerus and Linnaeus in Sweden, all sorts of marine organisms were named in one edition after another of Linnaeus' Systema Naturae. Further south in the country, in the Oslo-f jord, a Dane, Otto Friedrich Muller, had described many species from Drobak in his overview of the "Danish" fauna. The University in Christiania was started in 1809 and the Museum in Bergen dates from 1825. Michael Sars issued his first publication in 1829 (Contributions to the natural history of marine animals) ; a second major publication followed in 1835 (Descriptions and Observations etc. ) . He also issued two large-scale volumes under the title Fauna Littoralis Norvegiae, partially in collaboration with amateur biologists associated with the Museum in Bergen. In all these publications Sars described new taxa, a routine activity of scientists of the period, but he also described life- histories and reproductive cycles, food and feeding, behavior and geographical dispersal. The well known British zoologist, Edward Forbes, had issued a series of widely dispersed articles on biogeography, claiming that at depths greater than 300 fathoms, no animal life existed. Sars and his colleagues knew better and in a series of reports issued in various Norwegian journals, he documented the presence of a number of taxa in Norwegian fjords. As a result of one of his dredging expeditions, Sars described Rhizocrinus lofotensis . the first living stalked crinoid to be described. This find, with other similar finds, spurred interest in the deep-sea and were important as an academic excuse for the CHALLENGER and other similar expeditions around the globe in the 1860's through 1880's. Sars was one of the last zoologists to describe organisms more or less equally successfully in all major animal groups. The next generation of zoologists, including Michael Sars's son George Ossian Sars, tended to concentrate their activities more and more on limited groups (if an "Account of the Crustacea of .Norway" can be said to be a restrictive title). Michael Sars also described fossils for various fossil beds in Norway and appears to have been keenly interested in all sorts of other issues. More importantly, his observations on the living organisms place Michael Sars squarely in the tradition that eventually lead to the development of the fields of physiology, reproductive biology and ecology. Many of his reports on his observations are anecdotal in nature: descriptions and illustrations of what took place in his glass-dishes etc. For example, Sars must share with Dalyell the honor of describing the life-history of Aurelia aurita and more generally of scyphozoans. The documentation consists of piecing together series of observations taken over time and only partially through following single indidivuals over a longer period of time and very little of statistical treatment was attempted (not least since very little of statistic existedl). This kind of documentation is hardly ever accepted any longer as sufficiently scientific. The Natural Historians in the mid-1800's however used the method extensively and with great success. Sars was also asked by the Norwegian Parliament to investigate the biology of Norwegian fisheries, such as the herring and cod fisheries. He had gotten well started on these investigations, but most of these investigations were completed by G.O.Sars after the death of his father. By the time G.O. Sars had issued the last of his fathers posthumous papers, a very solid taxonomic base had been developed for marine zoology in Norway. In many ways, inshore work in Norway since the death of Michael Sars has been a series of commentaries on projects he had discussed or on distributional or developmental proposals he had already suggested. We can refine to some extent morphological descriptions based on better collections and instrumentation than was available to Sars, but, at the magnifications he had available to him, these refinements are in detail rather than in overall understanding of the morphology of. the organisms studied. Specimens described by Sars are still very largely present in the Zoological Museums in Oslo and Bergen. v As a strict museum professional Sars left a lot to be desired: ■ labelling and tracking of specimens were definitely not his strong suits. However, the specimens are there and form 132a the background for our understanding of the northern quarter of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. H ■ Michael Sars position in Norwegian intellectual history is interesting. He was, as stated above, married to Maren Welhaven, the sister of one of Norway's best known epic poets, J.S. Welhaven. Two of his sons, George Ossian and Johan Ernst Sars ^ S ° r ^ at University, one following his fathers footsteps, the other a historian. Two of his daughters were well known singers and premiered songs composed by Grieg and Nordraak to texts by some of Norway's greatest writers such as Ibsen and Bpornson. Sars and his family spanned the academic and artistic culture of the country and very much represented the National Romantic view of the indigenous culture. . a Michael Sars was in contact with scientists all over Europe U nit ed States. He corresponded with them, visited P with them when he had the opportunity, and was extensively and nuh^i sw d ' y quoted in the European literature. Even papers published in Norwegian reached the scientific audience in the European museums so his contemporary influence was great Sars and his contemporaries, the first post-Linnean thev^tudied^nrf tS * des °f ibed the morphology of the animals H dled d . at bhe same time, gave them scientific names. The next generation included microscopists, describing ™« t0l £ ? 1Cal , detail, using newly developed techniques, but this *' generation also saw the split between scientists describing t nA scle " tists specializing on naming new taxa. Sars usf alf Y ere by and large the last zoologists to use all available techniques to study their favorite organisms. of C !nf™^ he a K tl r i ^!f ° f Sars and others Hke him, the amount °£. ln £ormation about different organisms became too large for any scientist to handle. In addition, so many divergent techniaues* of study developed that no zoologist could effectively stav^n the forefront of all sections of Zoology. Today, Michael Sars is perhaps best remembered as the author of numero^ marine invertebrates; his studies were however, also important for their parts e of e zoolo5?! by n ° W h3Ve COme t0 represent very divergent Kristian Fauchald Department of Invertebrate Institution, NHB Stop 163, Zoology, NMNH, Smithsonian Washington D.C. 20560 OBITUARIES AND DEATH NOTICES Broadhead, T.W., Campbell, H. 1989 45-64. T * *? * , P°i* res t . H.C. Strimple. J. Paleontol. 60,192-195. • Jfino Vaughn Thompson- f.l.s. proc. Linn. soc. n.s.h. hi. A ; ( ? xe r pt ® f l etter froni Marguerltte H. Aldrich, 29 March 1992). ...R|y husband, Dr. Frederick A. Aldrich, died on July 12, 1991 ^Hmarv'JntL 11 ? 6 t09et |*? r " hen we were y°<">9, Poor graduate students, our primary Interest was echlnoderms..." P.Pt Wflspn . (from the 1991 Annual Report of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom) 9 Dr D.P. Wilson died suddenly on 20 December 1991 aged 89. Bom in Manchester he started work in the cotton industry but his main interest was in natural history and he entered Manchester University and in 1 926 graduated with a first class honours degree m zoology. During his undergraduate years he had attended field courses at Millport Port Enn and Plymouth. Awarded a DSIK grant to wort on polvchacfc development he came to Plymouth in September 1926 In 1927 he was appointed student Probationer at the Laboratory and joined the staff as Assistant Naturalist in 1928. He retired in 1969 havmg served as Deputy Director since 1958 T».P.'. as he was known to most of his friends, was internationally renowned for his studies on the factors controlling meta- morphosis of marine invertebrate larvae, for his beautiful photographs of marine life and his development of the Aquarium at the Plymouth Laboratory. The early research of D.P. involved describing and rearing in the laboratory the larvae of invertebrates, especially polychaclcs and echinodcrms The search for the best conditions for development was coupled with his interest in having a supply of 'good water' for the Aquarium Also these beautiful larvae proved ideal subjcets'for DP's early experiments with flash photography. During the 1 939-45 war D.P. stayed in Plymouth and helped to organize the air-raid precautions and was part of the team that helped to save the major part of the building during the air-raidson 20 March 1941. During the periods 193CM0and 4MBD.P. wasin charge of the organization of the well-known Plymouth Easter Classes. During these periods 584 students attended the classes and many zoologists must be grateful to him for introducing them to marine biology. In 1957 he edited the third edition of the Plymouth Marine Fauna. Aside from the laboratory and his photography D.P.'s main activities were with his family and with the Plymouth Athenaeum of which he was an active member and President in 1961-62. In 1931 D.P. married Miss M.A. Westbrook who was carrying out research at Plymouth on marine red algae for her PhD. Alison completed her Doctorate and then IS 10 beComea housew,fe and mother. She was the ideal compan- SbmriJp ,nl T' in r raI hiS,0,y ' P bo, °S ra P h y local history. She died in 1981 and D.P. managed to make the adjustment, lived on alone and looked after himself, with the help of home helps, until his death. The older members of staff and visitors will miss D.P. but his superb photographs will remain with us as a memorial H. Manelll. 1992. Enrico T ortonese et son oeuvre. In: L. canlcattl . (eds.). Echlnodenn Research 1991. Balkema. pp Scalera-Llacl & C. 1-7. EcMnoderas available at the Bahamian Field Station. San Salvador B,h»„ (from : F. Diehl, D. Mellon, R. Garrett, N. Elliott! FlSld aUide to McClIntock) 65 ° f SSn Salvador Island » Bahamas. Contributed by J.B. Scientific Name (Common Namel PHYLUM: ECHINODERMATA Qass: Asteroidea Family: Astropecteniidae Astropectcn sp. Family: Oreasteridae Oreaster reticulatus (cushioned star) Family: Ophidiasteridae Linckia guildingii (common comet star) Family: Echinasteridae Echinaster spinulosus Qass: Ophiuroidea Family: Ophiactidae Ophiactis savignyi (Savigny’s brittle star) Family: Ophiotrichidae Ophiotrix oerstedii (Oersted’s brittle star) Ophiothrix swensonii (Swenson’s brittle star) Family: Ophiochitonidae Ophionereis reticulata (reticulate brittle star) Family: Ophiocomidae Ophiocoma echinata (black brittle star) Ophiocoma wendtii (red ophiocoma) Family: Ophiodermatidae Ophioderrna appressum (snakeskin brittle star) Ophioderma brevispinum (short-spined brittle star) Family: Ophiomyxidae Ophiomyxa flaccida (slimy brittle star) Class: Echinoidea Family: Cidaridae (club urchins) Eucidaris tribuloides (club pencil urchin) Family: Diadematidae Diadema antillarum (Jong-spined urchin) Family: Arbacidae Arbacia punctulata (common arbacia) Family: Echinidae Lytechinus variegatus (green urchin) Tripneustes ventricosus (sea egg) Family: Echinometridae Echinometra lucunter (rock-boring urchin) Echinometra vindis (green rock-boring urchin) Family: Clypeasteridae Qypeaster rosaceus (brown sea biscuit) Family: Scutellidae Mellita sexiesperforata (six-hole urchin) Family: Spatangidae Meoma ventricosa (West Indian sea biscuit) Plagiobrissus grandix (great red-footed urchin) Qass: Holothuroidea Family: Holothuridae Stichopus badionotus (four-sided sea cucumber) Actinopyga agassizii (five-toothed sea cucumber) Holothuria thomasae (Thomas’s cucumber) Holothuria mexicana (donkey dung sea cucumber) Holothuria princeps Holothuria grisea (gray sea cucumber) Parathyone surinamensis Family: Synaptidae Euapta lappa (sticky skinned sea cucumber) Chirodota rotifera (Pourtale’s sea cucumber) Family: Cucumariidae Pentacta pygmaea (pygmy sea cucumber) Class: Crinoidea Family: Comatulidae Nemaster discoidea (beaded sea lily) ECHINODERMATA ASTEROIDEA Preaster reticulatus . Cushion Sea Star Up to 20 inches. 5 pointed, thick, short arms; thick-bodied. Firm, hard, spiny skeleton. Juveniles green, adults orange to brownish red with reticulate pattern of squares and triangles. Ventral surface yellowish. Two rows of thick tube feet. Found in shallow (6 ft) water on sandy or grassy bottoms. It is becoming locally rare because of its attractive size, color and ease of collecting. This is unfortunate, especially since specimens deteriorate rapidly and cannot be preserved. guildingii . Common Comet Sea Star Medium size, up to 9 inches. Long, slender, parallel -sided rays with blunt tips. Rays are 10 times body diameter. Surface smooth to the touch, feels turgid. Flesh colored, tan or reddish. LincKia shows remarkable regenerative powers. A single arm can generate a new animal; from its body end, small new arms bud out, giving it a comet-like appearance where the parent ray represents the tail of the comet. Often has 6 arms. Found in shallow water on sandy bottoms or reefs. Echjnaster SPinulosus . Brown Spiny Sea Star. Also known as West Indian Star. Medium size-up to 6 inches, 5 long tapering arms, with short spines of contrasting color. Greenish or reddish brown. Found on soft bottoms in mangrove channels. Echinaster sp. are attracted by light and are often found in the open on sunny days. I 81