330 ENGLISH SAGA

accountancy makes it necessary to use them in such a way
as to deprive him of pride and enjoyment in his labour and
of stability in his life. For these are as essential to the well-
being of man, as children and child-bearing to woman. A
factory that does not afford them to its workers is a badly
organised factory. Nearly all factories in the economy of mass
production for profits are badly organised. So are those in
the new despotic states organised for quantity of output.

Man should be master of his tools, not his tools of man. It

used to be the glory of England that its craftsmen took pride in

their work. Under the modern system the artisan is denied the

joy of giving quality to his task and is usually employed on a

temporary basis. He is at the mercy of forces over which he has

no control. He is not truly that which his English instinct

prompts him to ber-a freeman. That is why many Englishmen

found so surprising a degree of satisfaction amidst the perils,

pain aad discomfort of the last war. The army, for all its

harshness, gave comradeship, pride in achievement and the

assurance that a man who did his best would receive his reward.

It was the same appeal that the iron totalitarian creeds later made

to the starving and workless millions of capitalist Europe.

• • • • • f • .

Civilisation is the science of enabling men to live in society

as free, virtuous and rational individuals. The cement of any

such society must be justice. The utilitarians by setting the rule

of figures above that of human equity gradually undermined

Christian civilisation. Those who destroy civilisation leave men

no other refuge but the herd. And the herd, as the totalitarians

have proved, is cruel and irrational.

It is particularly unnatural for an Englishman to live in a
world not governed by justice. That is why he is fighting to-
day. An attack oji the independence of a small people by a large
is aa obvious act of injustice which awakes the dormant conscience
of every Englishman, But behind the barrage of figures which
cloaks the pwsuit of private profits, injustices have daily and
unconsciously been committed against millions with almost as
little equity as Hitler's rape of Poland and Czechoslovakia,
There is not only $ crying need for justice between nation aftd
nation. There is a crying need for justice between man and
man. Even in Franco's despised new Spain the law now compels
the payment of seven continuous days' wages to manual workers