SPAIN, SPANISH JEWRY, PORTUGAL, IBERO-AMERICA 183
more developed. One with a pseudo-Carolingian setting is Count
Claros ofMontalban (190-2). The fief of Montalban related Claros
to Reynold, and the affair is said to pass at Charlemagne's court,
with the usual mention of other peers; but it is in reality an anony-
mous intrigue, or rather two. For the story is told in two forms:
in one Claros boasts that he has conquered the affections of the
princess, and he is apprehended and led off to be executed, but
escapes by her intervention; in the other, it is the princess who is
arrested and kept in prison with water up to her waist until Claros
comes to set her free by his valour. The former version corresponds
to the fragmentary Count Velez and Florendos (ix, 189, 312, and
Primavera 138), in which other heroes boast of their triumphs
unduly, and to the Russian ballad of Nastasja Politovskaja
(Rybnikov 33). The Asturian Galanzuca (x, p. 42) is a somewhat
simplified version of the first adventure. In the French Rotnancero
the two imprisonments for love are represented by King Loys'
Daughter (imprisoned princess) and La Pernette (or La Belle se siet
ait pied de la tour); but in the former her escape is due to her own
ruse of shamming dead, as in our Gay Goshawk, and in the latter
both lovers die. The first adventure of Count Claros thus does not
correspond to the songs now accepted as constituting the French
* chanson populaire', but to an older age: it corresponds to Aude-
froi le Batard's Belle Ydoine, which itself was based, doubtless, on
a traditional story. The second is also different in detail from the
corresponding French poem, as well as being more amply narrative
in manner.

This tableau of high jinks in high society is found also in A Child
is bom to the Princess and Galvdn and the Princess (i 60, 159). More
dourly licentious is Delgadina (x, p. 126), reproducing the Manekin
legend. The Princess and the King of France's Son (i 58) is a tale of
intrigue or ravishment, similar to the Catalan Mariner (Mila 199,
201, 207), though it is not stated in the Castilian form that the
ravisher is a sailor. It is as a sailor that the king's son appears in
northern Italy (Nigra 44); but this description would not suit the
vaguely Carolingian setting of the Castilian version. Another
maritime ballad has not made a lodgement in Castilian, but has
been restricted to the coastal regions. It is the Portuguese Ship
Catherine (x, p. 258), with the name of a particular ship of the early
sixteenth century. In Catalonia it is called The Cabin Boy (Mila
215), and in France The Short Straw (Doncjeux 17). Found also